
chayapachaya kii dhaara

dhaara chayapachaya, jise aksar taaje paani (jheelen, nadiyaan, ardrabhoomi, dhaaraaen, jalaashay) aur samudri paaristhitiki tantra donon mein jaleey paaristhitiki tantra chayapachaya key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, mein sakal praathamik utpaadaktaa (jee. pee. pee.) aur paaristhitiki tantra shwasan (ee. aar.) shamil hain aur ise shuddh paaristhitiki tantra utpaadan (aine. ee. pee. = jee. pee. pee.-ee. aar.) key roop mein vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye. ack vyaktigat jeev key bheetar chayapachaya key anuroop, dhaara chayapachaya yeh darshaata haye kii kaise ack jaleey paaristhitiki tantra key bheetar oorjaa (praathamik utpaadan) banaai jaati haye aur upayog (shwasan) kii jaati haye. vishamprabhavi paaristhitiki tantra mein, jee. pee. pee.: ee. aar. <1 haye (paaristhitiki tantra joe isase adhik oorjaa kaa upayog curr rhaa haye); swatahprabhaavi paaristhitiki tantra mein yeh> 1 haye (paaristhitiki tantra joe upayog curr rhaa haye usase adhik oorjaa kaa nirmaan curr rhaa haye). adhikansh dhaaraaen visham-pravan hoti hain. ack vishamprabhavi paaristhitiki tantra kaa aksar matlab hotaa haye kii carbonic padarthon key allochthonus (paaristhitiki tantra key baahar seey aaney vaale) input, jaise kii patte yaa malabe key eendhan paaristhitiki tantra shwasan darr, jisake parinamswarup paaristhitiki tantra key bheetar utpaadan seey adhik shwasan hotaa haye. haalaanki, visham-paaristhitik tantra mein chayapachaya key liye swatah-chaalit (paaristhitiki tantra key bheetar seey aaney vaale) maarg bhee mahatvapurna hain. ack swatahprabhaavi paaristhitiki tantra mein, isake vipareet, praathamik utpaadan (shaiwal, macrophytes dwara) shwasan seey adhik hotaa haye, jiska arth haye kii paaristhitiki tantra shwasan kii tulanaa mein adhik carbonic carbon kaa utpaadan curr rhaa haye.
dhaara chayapachaya vibhinn karakon seey prabhaavit hoe sakata haye, jisamen dhaara kii bhautik visheshtaen (dhalaan, chaudaai, gaharaai aur pravaah kii gati/matra), dhaara kii javic visheshtaen (bacteria seey laker machhali taka key jeevon kii prachurta aur vividhata), praathamik utpaadan koo eendhan dene key liye prakaash aur poshak tatvon kii upalabdhata, shwasan, jall rasayan aur tapman koo eendhan dene key liye javic padaarth, aur praakritik yaa maanav-janit gadbadi, jaise baandh, nadee kii vanaspati koo hataana, poshak tatva pradooshan, jangal kii aag yaa baadh shamil hain.
dhaara chayapachaya sthiti koo maapana yeh samajhane key liye mahatvapurna haye kii upalabdh praathamik utpaadaktaa mein gadbadi kaise badal sakati haye, aur kyaa aur kaise yeh vriddhi yaa kamee khaadya web gatishilata, allochthonus/autochthonus maargon aur poshan sambandhi baatchit koo prabhaavit karati haye. kewal praathamik utpaadaktaa key bajaay chayapachaya (ar aur gpp donon koo shamil karate hue) koo maapa jaanaa chaahiye, kyonki kewal praathamik utpaadaktaa koo maapane seey uchch poshan staron key liye upalabdh atirikt utpaadan kaa sanket naheen milata haye. jaleey pranali mein chayapachaya sthiti nirdhaarit karane key liye aamtaur parr upayog kii jaane vaali ack vidhi oxygen sandrata mein dainik parivartan haye, jisase jee. pee. pee., ee. aar. aur shuddh dainik chayapachaya kaa anuman lagaaya jaa sakata haye.
vikshobh vibhinn tarikon seey poshan sambandhon koo prabhaavit curr sakate hain, jaise kii khaadya jaal koo saral banaana, poshan cascade kaa kaaran banana, aur carbon sroton aur oorjaa pravaah key pramukh maargon (shakti aur anya) koo sthanantarit karna. 1985, power aitt all. 2008). yeh samajhane kaa hissa kii vikshobh kaise poshan sambandhi gatishilata koo prabhaavit karega, yeh chayapachaya koo pravaahit karane key vikshobh prabhaavon (holtgrieve aitt all) koo samajhane mein nihit haye. 2010). udaaharan key liye, alaska dhaaraon mein, salmon key andey dene seey benthos kii gadbadi seey dhaara chayapachaya mein alag-alag parivartan hue; sponning daud key dauran autotrophic dhaaraaen shuddh heterotrophic bunn gaeen, phir sponning season (holtgrieve aur schindler 2011) key baad autotrophy mein vaapas aaa gaeen. iss baat key pramaan hain kii yeh mausami vikshobh benthic aksheruki jeevon kii poshan gatishilata koo prabhaavit kartaa haye aur badale mein unake kasheruki shikariyon (holtgrieve aur schindler 2011, moor aur schindler 2008) koo prabhaavit kartaa haye. jangal kii aag key vikshobh kaa dhaaraon mein samaan chayapachaya aur poshan prabhaav hoe sakata haye.

