
arami mool nayaa vasiyatnama siddhant

arami mool nayaa vasiyatnama siddhant yeh vishvaas haye kii isai nayaa vasiyatnama mool roop seey arami mein likhaa gayaa thaa. 
arami bhaashaon mein nae vasiyatname key chhah sanskaran hainh 
peshitta key paaramparik nae vasiyatname mein 22 pustaken hain, jinamen johnn kaa doosara patra, johnn kaa teesara patra, peater kaa doosara patra, jude kaa patra aur rahasyodghatan kii pustak kaa abhaav haye, joe antilegomina kii pustaken hain. paschimi paanch' pustakon koo shamil kiye jaane seey pahale poorv key nae vasiyatnama cannon key church kaa bund hoe gayaa. isake susamachar paath mein yeeshu aur vyabhichaar mein lii gaee mahila (johnn 7:53-8:11) aur luke 22:17-18 key roop mein jaane jaane vaale chhandon kaa bhee abhaav haye, lekin isamen 'lambe anta kaa nishan' haye.'
mool yunani naee vasiyatnama parikalpana.
aadhunik vidvaanon kii aam sahamati yeh haye kii nayaa vasiyatnama yunani mein likhaa gayaa thaa aur nae vasiyatname key kuchh hisson, vishesh roop seey susamachar key liye ack arami srot paath kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. way sweekaar karate hain kii yunani susamacharon mein paae jaane vaale yeeshu key kaee vyaktigat kathan ack arami srot seey anuvaad hoe sakate hain jise "kyu srot" (german shabd "kwell" seey) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye, lekin maanate hain kii susamachar key paath apane vartamaan roop mein yunani mein rachit they, aur isi tarah anya nae vasiyatnama lekhan bhee they. sabhi dhaariyon key vidvaanon ney yunani nae vasiyatname mein dhvanyaatmak roop seey likhe gaye aur phir anuvaadit bikhare hue arami abhivyaktiyon kii upasthiti koo sweekaar kiya haye.
1887 kii ack pustak mein, johnn hancock pattingale kahate hain, "aam dhaarana yeh haye kii puuraa nayaa vasiyatnama pahali baar yunani mein likhaa gayaa thaa, aur abb hamaare paas joe bhee pratiyaan hain, joe bhee bhasha mein hain, way mool pandulipiyon kii pratiyaan hain, yaa anuvaad hain, jaba gambhirta seey jaanch kii jaati haye, tou koee nishchit aadhar naheen paaya jaataa haye. aur phir bhee ise lagbhag saarvbhaumik roop seey halke mein liya gayaa haye. yeh sambhav haye kii kuchh key sambandh mein yeh sach haye, sambhavatah inmein seey adhikansh pustaken. lekin yeh sambhavana seey adhik haye, yadi nishchit naheen haye, kii nae vasiyatname key kuchh bhaag, jaise kii maithyu kaa susamachar, hibru key liye patra, aur anya, jinka baad mein ullekh kiya jaayega, pahale yahoodiyon kii sthaaniya bhasha mein likhe gaye they, aur baad mein greek mein anuvaad kiye gaye they; aur anya bhaag, shayed adhikansh pustaken, usa samay duplicate kii gaee theen, jaba way likhe gaye they, unake lekhakon dwara, yaa unake nirdeshan mein,-ack prati una logon koo dee jaa rahee thee joe greek seey parichit they, aur doosari una logon koo joe kewal siriyai jaanate they."
susamachar key mool yunani bhasha key vikas key samagr drishtikon key bheetar mukhyadhara key vidvaanon ney arami prabhaavon seey kaise nipata haye, iska ack udaaharan martin hengal key yeeshu aur susamachar key samay key dauran palestine mein bhashai sthiti key adhyayan key sanshleshan mein paaya jaa sakata haih
choonki gair-saahityik, saral yunani gyaan yaa kaee bhaashaon mein yogyata galile sahit yahudi philistine mein apekshaakrit vyaapak thee, aur easter key turant baad hii ack yunani bhashi samudaay pahale seey hii jerusalam mein vikasit hoe chuka thaa, isaliye yeh maanaa jaa sakata haye kii yeh bhashai parivartan [yeeshu kii arami mool bhasha seey "greek gospel mein"] bahut jaldi shuru huaa thaa. ... [aim] issue karane vaale, sabse badhkar 'hellenist' joe jerusalam seey baahar nikaale gaye they, jald hii yunani bhasha mein apane sandesh kaa prachaar karate they. humm unhein damascus mein 32 yaa 33 kii shuruat mein paate hain. yeeshu key shuruati anuyaayiyon kaa ack nishchit pratishat sambhavatah dwibhashi thaa aur isaliye cumm seey cumm saral yunani mein, joe sunaa aur dekhaa gayaa thaa, usaki report curr sakata thaa. yeh shayed sephas/peater, andreau, phillip yaa johnn parr lagu hotaa haye. maark bhee, joe galilean machuaaron kii tulanaa mein jerusalam mein behtar shikshit thaa, iss parivesh seey sambandhit thaa. dhvanyaatmak roop seey sahee aramism kii badee sankhya aur yahudi philistine mein sthitiyon key baare mein unakaa gyaan hamein ack philistine yahudi-isai lekhak koo dhaaran karane key liye majboor kartaa haye. lekhak kii arami mool bhasha abhee bhee markan shally mein spasht haye.
arami mool naee vasiyatnama parikalpana.
halanki bhautik sakshya abhee taka naheen milaa haye, jey.aiss. esemen ney apane "bibliotheca" mein kahaa kii ack siriyai susamachar dinaankit 78 aeye.dee. mesopotamia mein paaya gayaa thaa.
yeh parikalpana kii nae vasiyatnama paath joe preriton dwara padhaa gayaa thaa, ney yeeshu key jeevan aur vachanon koo sanrakshit kiya hoga (jaisa kii unhone unhein arami mein-yeeshu kii bhasha mein kahaa thaa) isase pahale kii unakaa anuvaad una logon key liye kiya gayaa thaa joe unamen seey naheen they joe yunani bolate they, adhikansh vidvaanon dwara naheen maanaa jaataa haye.
siriyai churchon kaa kahana haye kii unake itihas mein unake siddhant (jisamen 'paschimi paanch' kii kamee thee) kaa sankalan behad jaldi shamil haye. johnn hancock pattingale ney tippani kii, "koee sawal naheen haye, lekin yeh kii nae vasiyatname kii kaee pustakon kii bikhare hue paandulipiyaan, yunani mein, bahut pahale astitva mein theen, kyonki pitaa ney unase uddharan diyaa thaa, lekin iss baat kaa koee saboot naheen haye kii doosari yaa teesari shatabdi key baad taka unhein ack code, yaa cannon mein ekatra karane kaa koee prayaas kiya gayaa thaa. lekin doosari or, yeh nishchit haye kii siriyai churchon key paas iss sangrah key banane seey bahut pahale hii apani cannon thee; parampara kahati haye, 55 aur 60 varshon key beach, aur yeh prerit jude dwara kiya gayaa thaa. iss siddhant mein abb hamaare nae vasiyatname mein shamil sabhi pustaken shamil hain, sivaay sarvanash key, aur 2 dee peater, 2 dee aur 3 dee johnn aur jude key sankshipt patron koo chhodkar. iss parampara kii iss tathya seey dridhata seey pushti hoti haye kii hamaare vartamaan cannon key yeye samaapan bhaag taba naheen likhe gaye they; aur yeh ack achchha aur paryaapt kaaran haye kii unhein pahale sangrah mein shamil kyon naheen kiya gayaa thaa. adhiniyamon kii pustak kaa achaanak samaapan-kyonki yeh spasht roop seey usa samay likhaa gayaa thaa-kii yeh iss sangrah mein shamil karane key liye taiyar hoe sakata haye, iss sangrah kii tarikh taka kii parampara kii pushti kartaa haye. sarvanash aur chaar chhote patra joe usa shuruati tarikh mein shamil honey key liye taiyar naheen they, baad mein siriyai cannon mein praapt kiye gaye, lekin chhathi shatabdi taka naheen."
paschim mein "peshitta-mool" parikalpana kaa sabse ullekhaniya samarthak arami bibil kendra key george lamsa they. haal key vidvaanon mein seey ack chhota saa alpasankhyak aaj peshita-mool siddhant key samarthak hain, jabaki adhikansh vidwan peshita nae vasiyatname koo mool yunani seey anuvaad maanate hain. udaaharan key liye sebastian broke ney likhaah
ee. zaan willson likhate hain, "meraa dridh vishvaas haye kii mattheau aur luke donon arami mool seey praapt hue they."
peshitta-mool" siddhant key kuchh samarthak bhee "arami pradhaantaa" shabd kaa upayog karate hain, halanki iska upayog shaikshanik sroton mein naheen kiya jaataa haye. arami pradhaantaa" abhivyakti kaa upayog ell dwara kiya gayaa thaa. aaee. levin, lekin kewal ack samanya abhivyakti key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye joe dusare mandir kaal key dauran (i.ee. lagbhag 200 eesaa poorv-70 esvi). mudrit mein vakyansh kaa sabse pahala roop david bouser mein haye.
charles cuttler torry ney yell mein padhaate hue pustakon kii ack shrinkhala likhi, jisamen arami nae vasiyatname kaa samarthan karane vaale vistrit pandulipi sakshya prastut kiye gaye, jisaki shuruat "mool arami susamacharon seey kiye gaye anuvaadon" seey hui, aur vyaapak roop seey gyaat "hamaare anuvaadit susamachar" sahit.
sankshipt itihas.
george lamsa dwara siriyai seey angreji mein peshita nae vasiyatname key anuvaad ney paschim mein arami nae vasiyatname kii pradhaantaa key daavon koo laaya. haalaanki, unake anuvaad koo iss kshetra key adhikansh vidvaanon dwara kharaab maanaa jaataa haye. puraane siriyai granthon, sinai polympsest aur curetonian gospel ney bhee mool arami maargon key baare mein vidvaanon koo prabhaavit kiya haye. dietessronic granth jaise kii lies dutch harmani, pepician gospel harmani, codex fuldensis, farsi harmani, arabi dietessron aur aframe dha siriyan dwara dietessron parr tippani ney arami mool mein haal kii antardrishti pradaan kii haye. thomas key coptic gospel aur maithyu key madhyayugeen hibru gospel key vibhinn sanskaranon ney bhee nae vasiyatname mein arami neenv key liye sanket pradaan kiye hain, vishesh roop seey gospels. 19veen shatabdi key kaee vidwan (aich. holtzman, wend, julichar, vernal, soden, welhausen, harnack, bee. vees, nicolardot, doubleu. ellen, montefure, plummer aur stanton) ney siddhant diyaa kii susamachar key kuchh hisse, vishesh roop seey mattheau, ack arami srot seey praapt kiye gaye they jinhen aamtaur parr kyu key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
peshitta key vriddhavastha key liye arabi dietessron kaa upayog karate hue tark.
tatian kii mrityu aeye mein hui.dee. 175. tark aur paath sakshya seey pataa chalata haye kii tatian ney arami peshita mein 4 susamacharon key saath shuruat kii, aur iss prakriya mein 4 susamacharon key teen-chauthai bhaag kaa hawala dete hue, apane dietessron koo praapt karane key liye ack samekit saamanjasyapurna kathaa mein susamachar key anshon koo aapas mein jodd diyaa. vartamaan mein hamaare paas apane mool arami mein tatian key dietessron kii kamee haye, lekin arabi mein anuvaad mein haye, joe arami seey sambandhit bhasha haye. peshita key 4 susamacharon aur arabi dietessron mein kyaa haye, isake beach badee sankhya mein samaantaaen maujood hain.'paul yoonan kahate hain,
"yeh sahee mayane rakhta haye kii susamacharon key samanjasya key liye aavashyak roop seey aavashyak hoga kii vishisht 4 susamachar vaastav mein sadbhaav seey pahale maujood they. yeh samanya gyaan haye. yeh aur bhee adhik samajh mein aataa haye kii susamachar kaa ack "arami" samanjasya, joe kii tashian kaa dietesserone thaa, 4 alag-alag "arami" susamacharon seey ack saath bunaa gayaa thaa. ... kyonki ibn all-tayyab dwara arabi anuvaad kewal vahee haye jise humm nishchit roop seey jaanate hain kii yeh seedhe arami seey banaaya gayaa thaa, aur kyonki yeh peshitta kii tarah padhata haye...aur choonki humm jaanate hain kii ack samanjasya key liye 4 alag-alag susamacharon kaa aadhar aavashyak haye jinase ise kheencha jaanaa chaahiye-main prastut kartaa huun kii tatian kaa arami dietserone arami mein alag-alag susamacharon kaa ack samanjasya thaa joe humm vartamaan mein dharamshastra key siddhant mein paate hain jise humm peshita key roop mein jaanate hain.
ocam kaa razer ack taarkik siddhant haye joe kahata haye kii kissy koo kissy bhee cheez koo samajhaane key liye aavashyak sansthaon kii sankhya koo aavashyak seey adhik naheen badhaana chaahiye. dusare shabdon mein, sabse saral vyakhya aamtaur parr sabse achchi hoti haye. sabse saral vyakhya yeh haye kii tatian ney peshita gospels kaa samanjasya banaaya. yeh sadbhaav cumm seey cumm 11veen shatabdi taka faras mein maujood thaa, jaba iska arabi mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa. ...aggar humm arabi anuvaad mein paath sakshya parr vishvaas karate hain... peshita gospel dietesserone kaa aadhar they joe itihas mein tatian key liye jimmedaar hain. aur yeh 175 aeye parr yaa usase pahale peshita susamachar koo sthaan detaa haye.dee."
arabi dietessron kaa angreji, lattin, french aur german mein anuvaad kiya gayaa haye.
peshitt key vriddhavastha key liye bhaugolik vivaran seey tark.
arami key pahale likhe jaane aur phir yunani mein anuvaad kiye jaane key samarthak, peshita mein maujood bhaugolik vivaranon kii or ishara karate hain, lekin yunani mss mein kamee haye.; way adhivakta poochate hain kii peshita mein una bhaugolik vivaranon kii upasthiti key liye sabse achchha spashteekaran kyaa haye, lekin greek mss mein kamee haye.
johann david michael kahate hainh
villium norton kahate hainh
yeh mool roop seey yunani naheen honey key liye rahasyodghatan mein kharaab yunani vyaakaran seey tark.
torry kaa maanana haye kii rahasyodghatan mool roop seey arami mein thaa, aur vyaakaranik rakshason koo iss baat key pramaan key roop mein ingit kartaa haye kii yeh mool roop seey yunani mein naheen likhaa gayaa thaah
aitihaasik aalochana.
ack tark kii nae vasiyatname kii cumm seey cumm ack yunani pustak kaa anuvaad arami seey kiya gayaa haye, prerit johnn key liye jimmedaar logon key paath vishleshan seey aataa haye. lekhan shally mein unaki bhinnata itani adhik haye kii yeh unhein usee lekhak dwara yunani mein likhe jaane seey roque dega. alexandaria key sent dionius ney iss tark kaa samarthan kiya, jaba yeh ingit kiya kii johnn kii lekhan shally unake susamachar aur rahasyodghatan key beach itani spasht roop seey bhinn haye. unhone nishkarsh nikala kii poorv key parishkrit lekhak ney uttaraardh key vikrit yunani koo naheen likhaa hoga. iss prakaar, johnn key liye rahasyodghatan kaa lekhak honey kaa ekmatra tarika yeh haye kii ise ack anuvaadak dwara likhaa gayaa hoe. haalaanki, dionius ney khud iss sambhavana koo khula chhod diyaa kii yeh johnn key alawa ack pavitra aur prerit lekhak dwara greek mein likhaa gayaa thaa.
kuchh logon ney tark diyaa haye kii arami susamachar yunani susamacharon seey puraane hain, aur arami nt yunani nt seey naheen liya gayaa thaa. villium norton ney 1889 mein tippani keeh
norton baad mein jodata haye (pee parr. xlvii):
norton ney (lixes-lx parr) atirikt vidvaanon kaa ullekh kiya haye joe arami key liye uchch sammaan rakhate they, aur michelis kii ack poorna vyakhya dete hainh
galat anuvaad.
1936 mein likhate hue, charles cuttler torry bataate hain kii johnn 14:2 mein galat anuvaad ack galat mukharta seey utpann huaa.