
chimani sweep

chimani sweep vaha vyakti hotaa haye joe chimani seey kalikh aur creosot koo saaf kartaa haye. chimani gais key germ stambh key kaaran honey vaale dabaav antar kaa upayog ack draft banaane aur germ koyale yaa lakadi key oopar havaa kheenchane key liye karati haye jisase nirantar dahan sambhav hotaa haye. chimani seedhi hoe sakati haye yaa disha mein kaee badalaav hoe sakate hain. samanya sanchaalan key dauran, chimani key ander creosot kii ack parat banati haye, jisase pravaah seemit hoe jaataa haye. creosot mein aag bhee lugg sakati haye, jisase chimani (aur sambhaavit roop seey poori imarat) mein aag lugg sakati haye. kalikh koo hataane key liye chimani koo dhoya jaanaa chaahiye.
grate britten mein, master sweep ney prashikshuon koo liya, aamtaur parr kaaryasthal yaa anath ladakon koo, aur unhein chimani parr chadhane key liye prashikshit kiya. german raajyon mein, master sweep vyaapaar sanghon seey sambandhit they aur parvataarohan ladakon kaa upayog naheen karate they. itali, belgium aur france mein parvataarohan ladakon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa.
vyavasaay key liye kuchh nipunata kii aavashyakta hoti haye, aur isamen swaasthya sambandhi jokhim hotey hain.
itihas.
ingland mein tudors ney chimani key jokhim koo sthaapit kiya thaa aur 1582 mein ack adhyadesh banaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen donon hii niyantran samagri (plastard lakadi key bajaay eent aur patthar) aur kalikh key nirmaan koo rokane key liye prati varsh chaar baar chimani koo bahaane kii aavashyakta thee (joe atyadhik jwalansheel haye). kissy bhee chimani kii aag parr 3 shilling aur 4 pence kaa jurmana lagaaya jaa sakata haye.
audyogikaran key yug key saath shahari aabaadi mein vriddhi key saath, chimani vaale gharon kii sankhya teji seey badhee aur chimani sweep kii sevaaon kii bahut maang hoe gaee.
imaaraten pahale seey adhik oonchi theen aur naee chimani key sheersh koo ack saath samoohikrit kiya gayaa thaa. alag-alag grates seey flue key maargon mein dou yaa dou seey adhik samkon aur kshaitij konn aur urdhvaadhar khand shamil hoe sakate hain. ack behtar draft banaane key liye flue koo sankeern banaaya gayaa thaa, 14 inch gunaa 9 inch (36 × 23 semi) ack samanya maanak thaa. buckingham palace mein 15 konon vaalaa ack flue thaa, jisamen flue 9 inch seey 9 inch (23 × 23 semi) taka sankuchit hoe gayaa thaa. chimani jhaadoo lagaana usa yug key adhik kathin, khatarnak aur cumm vetan vaale vyavsaayon mein seey ack thaa, aur isake parinamswarup kavita, gaathaagit aur pentomime mein iska upahaas kiya gayaa haye.
pahale yaantrik safai yantra kaa aavishkaar 1803 mein george smart dwara kiya gayaa thaa, lekin britten aur america mein iska virodh kiya gayaa thaa. joseph glass ney 1828 mein ack behtar sweeping machine kaa vipanan kiya; unhein aadhunik chimani sweep key brush key aavishkaarak honey kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. uttari america mein, goron ney vyaapaar chhod diyaa aur dakshin seey kaale sweep-ladakon koo niyukt kiya. 1875 mein britten mein viniyaman key baad aur sanyukt raajya america mein sadee key anta mein, vyavasaay lokpriya media mein romantic hoe gayaa.
grate britten.
chaar saal seey cumm umr key ladke germ flue parr chadh gaye joe 81 varg inch (9 × 9 inch yaa 23 × 23 semi) key roop mein sankeern hoe sakate hain. kaam khatarnak thaa aur way flue mein jaam hoe sakate they, dumm ghuta sakate they yaa jalkar marr sakate they. choonki kalikh kainsarkari hoti haye, aur jaise-jaise ladke kalikh kii boriyon key neeche sote they aur shayed hii kabhi dhoye jaate they, unhein chimani sweep key carcinoma kaa khatra thaa. 1775 key baad seey, ladakon key kalyan key liye chinta badh rahee thee, aur sansad key adhiniyamon koo pratibandhit karane key liye paarit kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1875 mein iss upayog koo rokane key liye. paropkari lord shaftesbury ney baad key abhiyaan kaa netritva kiya.
britten mein 1200 key aspas chimani dikhaai dene luggy (britten mein ack chimani kaa sabse purana maujooda udaaharan yorkshire mein conisbro mahal key sanrakshan mein thaa, joe 1185 esvi seey haye), jaba unhone ack kamare key ghar key beach mein jalati hui khuli aag koo badal diyaa. pahale tou imarat mein ack germ kamra hotaa aur chimani badee hoti. agale chaar sou varshon mein, kamare vishesh aur chhote hoe gaye aur kaee germ hoe gaye. samudri koyale ney lakadi kii jagah lena shuru curr diyaa, aur isane flue kii ander kii satah mein jwalansheel creosot kii ack parat jamaa curr dee, aur ise kalikh seey dhaka diyaa. jabaki pahale, chimani dhuein key liye ack vent thee, abb germ gais key plume kaa upayog aag mein havaa choosane key liye kiya jaataa thaa, aur isake liye sankeern flue kii aavashyakta hoti thee. phir bhee, landan kii bheeshan aag seey pahale ladke shayed hii kabhi chimani parr chadhate they, jaba bhawan key niyamon koo lagu kiya gayaa thaa aur chimani key design koo badal diyaa gayaa thaa. naee chimani aksar koniya aur sankeern hoti theen, aur gharelu gunon mein flue kaa samanya ayam thaa. master sweep khud itani chhoti jagahon parr chadhane mein asamarth thaa aur kalikh koo hataane key liye chimani parr chadhane key liye parvatarohi ladakon koo niyukt kiya. ladke aksar ise 'buffed' karate they, yaani, nagna hocker chadhate they, apane ghutanon aur kohni seey khud koo aage badhaate they joe kachche they. unhein aksar germ chimani lagaai jaati thee, aur kabhi-kabhi aag bujhaane key liye chimani lagaai jaati thee. tej konn vaali chimani ack vishesh khatra paida karati haye. inn ladakon koo abhyaas key liye prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1778 seey 1875 taka kaanoonon kii ack shrinkhala ney unaki kaam karane kii sthitiyon koo viniyamit karane kaa prayaas kiya, aur kaee pratyaksh khaaton koo pralekhit kiya gayaa aur sansadiya reports mein prakaashit kiya gayaa. lagbhag 1803 seey, chimani koo brush karane kaa ack vaikalpik tarika thaa, lekin sweep aur unake grahakon ney badalaav kaa virodh kiya, naee maanviya sweeping machines kii bajaay chadhaai karane vaale ladakon koo prathamikta dee. anivarya shiksha kii sthaapana 1870 mein praathamik shiksha adhiniyam 1870 dwara kii gaee thee, lekin chimani sweep kaa licenses dene aur anta mein ladakon koo chimani bhejane seey rokane key liye kaanoon banaane seey paanch saal pahale hii yeh lagu hoe gayaa thaa.
chadhaai karane vaale ladke.
chadhaai karane vaale ladakon aur kabhi-kabhi ladkiyon koo takniki roop seey "chimani sweep 'prashikshu" kahaa jaataa thaa, aur unhein "master sweep" key liye prashikshu banaaya jaataa thaa, joe ack vayask honey key naate, chimani yaa flue mein fitt honey key liye bahut badaa thaa. usey anathon yaa garib logon koo shilp sikhaane key liye parrish dwara bhugtan kiya jaataa thaa. way poori tarah seey usa parr nirbhar theh unhone yaa unake abhibhaavakon ney ack magistrate key saamane anubandh key kaagjaaton parr hastakshar kiye they, joe unhein vayask honey taka usase baandhate they. yeh garib kaanoon sanrakshkon kaa kartavya thaa kii way kaaryasthal key adhik seey adhik bachchon koo unaki dekhbhal mein prashikshit karein, taaki parrish kii laagat koo cumm kiya jaa sakey. master sweep key kartavya theh shilp aur usake rahasyon koo sikhana, prashikshu koo kapade kaa doosara soot pradaan karna, saptah mein ack baar usey saaf karna, usey church jaane kii anumati denaa, aur usey aag lagane vaali chimani naheen bhejana. ack prashikshu apane guru kaa paalan karane key liye sahmat hoe gayaa. ack baar jaba unaki saat saal kii lambi prashikshuta poori hoe jaati tou vaha ack travelman sweep bunn jaate aur apani pasand key master sweep key liye kaam karna jaari rakhate. anya prashikshuon koo sweep koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa, yaa unake maataa-pitaa dwara betch diyaa gayaa thaa. keematen 7 shilling seey laker 4 ginny taka theen.
aam taur parr yeh sahamati thee kii ack ladke koo prashikshit karane key liye chhah saal kii umr achchi hoti haye. halanki lord shaftesbury kaa ack baar chaar saal kii umr mein seey ack kaa saamana huaa thaa, lekin unhein bahut kamjor maanaa jaataa thaa. ack master sweep mein kaee prashikshu hotey hain, joe subah kii shuruat sadakon parr ghoomate hue "kalikh-oh, sweep" yaa kissy anya chillahat seey karate hain taaki ghar key maalikon koo pataa chaley kii way aspas hain; yeh maalikon koo binaa-switch kii chimani key khatron kii yaad dilaayega. jaba master sweep kartaa thaa tou vaha chimani key oopar ack kapada lagaata thaa, aur chadhaai karane vaalaa ladka apane joote aur koee bhee atirikt kapade utaar detaa thaa, phir usake peechhe chalaa jaataa thaa. flue ghar jitna lamba hoga aur kaee baar modata hoga, aur iska ayam 14 inch gunaa 9 inch hoga. vaha apani topi koo apane chehare parr neeche kheenchata thaa aur apane sir parr ack badaa sapaat brush pakadata thaa, aur apane shareer koo flue mein tirchhe roop seey faad detaa thaa. apani peeth, kohni aur ghutanon kaa upayog karke, vaha caterpillar kii tarah flue koo hilaata thaa aur brush kaa upayog dheeli kalikh koo hataane key liye kartaa thaa, joe usake oopar aur neeche taka girati thee, aur thhos tukadon koo chip karane key liye ack khurdara, kyonki ack chikani chimani ack surakshit chimani thee. sheersh parr pahunchane key baad vaha teji seey peechhe kii or farsh aur kalikh key dher parr fisal jaataa. abb yeh unakaa kaam thaa kii way kalikh koo bagg mein rakh curr master sweep kii gaadi yaa yard mein vaapas leey jaaen.
kalikh moolyavaan thee aur 1840 mein ise 9 dee ack bushel mein becha jaa sakata thaa. ack prashikshu ack dinn mein chaar yaa paanch chimani kartaa thaa. jaba unhone pahali baar shuruat kii tou unhone apane ghutanon aur kohni koo khurach diyaa, isaliye guru unhein germ aag key paas khadaa karke aur brush kaa upayog karke majboot lavan mein ragadkar unaki twacha koo sakht curr dete they. yeh harr shaam twacha key sakht honey taka kiya jaataa thaa. ladakon koo koee majdoori naheen millie, lekin way malik key saath rahate they, joe unhein khilaata thaa. way farsh parr yaa tahakhaane mein boron key neeche aur kalikh pakadane key liye dinn mein istemal kiye jaane vaale kapade key neeche ack saath sote they. ise "sleeping black" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. ladke koo malkin dwara yard mein ack tub mein dhoya jaataa thaa; yeh saptah mein ack baar hoe sakata haye, lekin shayed hii kabhi. ack sweep unake ladakon koo sarp mein dhou detaa thaa. ack anya nuttingham sweep ney jore dekar kahaa kii way chrismus, whitson aur huns melle key liye saal mein teen baar dhote hain. kabhi-kabhi, ack ladke koo chimani parr teji seey yaa usase oopar chadhane key liye raaji karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, aur master sweep yaa tou pual kii ack chhoti aag yaa ack gandhak mombatti jalaa detaa haye, taaki vaha usey adhik prayaas karane key liye protsaahit curr sakey. usey "jaane" (dumm ghutane) seey rokane kaa ack aur tarika thaa kii ack aur ladke koo usake nitambon yaa pairon key talavon mein pinn chubhaane key liye usake peechhe bheja jaae.
chimani aakar mein bhinn hoti hain. aam flue koo dedh eenton kii lambai aur ack eent chaudi honey key liye design kiya gayaa thaa, halanki way aksar ack eent varg taka sankuchit hoe jaate they, yaani cumm yaa cumm. aksar chimani abhee bhee aag seey germ hoti thee, aur kabhi-kabhi vaastav mein aag lugg jaati thee. laparwahi seey chadhaai karane vaale ladke ghutanon koo thhodi seey jodkar funce sakate they. way jitna kathin sangharsh karate they, way utane hii kathor hoe jaate they. way kaee ghanton taka iss sthiti mein reh sakate they jaba taka kii unhein neeche seey baahar naheen dhakel diyaa jaataa yaa russie seey baahar naheen nikala jaataa. yadi unake sangharsh key kaaran kalikh gir jaati tou unakaa dumm ghuta jaataa. mrit yaa jeevit, ladke koo nikaalana padata thaa aur yeh chimani key kinare seey eenten nikalkar kiya jaataa thaa. aggar chimani vishesh roop seey sankeern hoti tou ladakon koo "ise buff karane" key liye kahaa jaataa, yaani ise nagna karna; anyatha way sirf patloon aur motey khurdare sooti kapade seey bunny shirt pahanate they.
swaasthya aur suraksha sambandhi chintaaen.
jinn paristhitiyon mein inn bachchon koo rakhaa gayaa thaa, way chinta kaa kaaran baney aur chimani saaf karane key liye yaantrik sadhanon koo badhaava dene key liye samitiyon kii sthaapana kii gaee aur unake parche key madhyam seey hamein iss baat kaa behtar andaja haye kii iss kaam mein kyaa shamil hoe sakata haye. yahaan ack sweep ack ladke key bhaagya kaa varnan kartaa haih
chimani seey gujarane aur chimani key dusare konn parr utarane key baad ladka paataa haye kii yeh poori tarah seey kalikh seey bharee hui haye, jise usane seedhe hisse key kinaaron seey hataa diyaa haye. vaha apane kandhon taka bahut sangharsh karane key baad aisaa karane mein safal hotaa haye, lekin yeh paate hue kii kalikh usake chaaron or, usake parishram seey, kadee mehnat seey sankuchit hoe gaee haye, kii vaha aur peechhe naheen hutt sakata haye; phir vaha aage badhane kaa prayaas kartaa haye, lekin iss sambandh mein usake prayaas kaafee whiffle hoe jaate hain; kyonki flue key kshaitij hisse kaa aavaran patthar kaa hotaa haye, jiska tej konn usake kandhon parr kathor hotaa haye, aur usake sir kaa pichla hissa usey cumm seey cumm kissy naa kissy tarah seey aage badhane seey rokta haye. uska chehra, joe pahale seey hii ack chadhaai topi seey dhakaa huaa thaa, aur usake neeche kii kalikh mein jore seey dabaaya jaa rhaa thaa, usaki saans roque detaa haye. iss bhayaanak sthiti mein vaha khud koo baahar nikaalane key liye hinsak roop seey prayaas kartaa haye, lekin usaki taakat usey whiffle curr detee haye; vaha rotaa haye aur karaahata haye, aur kuchh hii minaton mein uska dumm ghuta jaataa haye. isake baad ack alarm diyaa jaataa haye, ack eent-parat bheji jaati haye, flue mein ack chhidra chhidrit kiya jaataa haye, aur ladke koo nikala jaataa haye, lekin vaha nirjeev paaya jaataa haye. thode samay mein ack jaanch aayojit kii jaati haye, aur ack mrityu sameekshak kii juurii "aakasmik mrityu" kaa faisala vaapas karati haye.
haalaanki yeye ekmatra vyaavsaayik khatare naheen they jinhen chimani sweep seey nuksan huaa. sansad koo dee gaee 1817 kii report mein, gavaahon ney bataaya kii chadhaai karane vaale ladke samanya upeksha seey peedit they, aur reedh, pairon aur baahon kii avikasit vriddhi aur vikriti kaa pradarshan karate they, joe maanaa jaataa thaa kii unaki haddiyon key kathor honey seey pahale lambe samay taka asamanya sthiti mein rahane kii aavashyakta key kaaran hotaa thaa. ghutane aur takhane key jodd sabse adhik prabhaavit hue. palakon key ghaav aur soojan joe drishti haani kaa kaaran bunn sakati haye, thheek honey mein dheemi thee kyonki ladka unhein ragadata rhaa. chot aur jalan atyadhik germ vatavaran mein kaam karane key spasht khatare they. andkosh kaa cancer kewal chimani sweep mein paaya gayaa thaa isaliye shikshan aspatalon mein ise chimani sweep cancer key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. damaa aur chhaati kii soojan kaa kaaran iss tathya koo bataaya gayaa thaa kii ladke harr mausam mein baahar they.
"chimani sweep 'carcinoma', jise sweep koo kalikh key masse kahaa jaataa haye, taba taka naheen huaa jaba taka kii sweep unaki kishoravastha key anta yaa bees key dashak mein naheen huaa thaa. abb isaki pehchaan "scrottle squamous cell carcinoma" kii abhivyakti key roop mein kii gaee haye. yeh 1775 mein surr persival pott dwara parvataarohan ladakon yaa chimani safai karane vaalon mein bataaya gayaa thaa. yeh paaya jaane vaalaa pahala audyogik roop seey sambandhit cancer haye. pots ney iska varnan kiyaah
yeh ack aisee bimari haye joe hamesha andkosh key nichale hisse parr hamla karati haye jahaan yeh ack satahi, dardanaak kharonch vaalaa kathor badhate kinaaron key saath kharaab dikhane vaalaa ghaav paida karati haye... bahut samay key bheetar yeh twacha, darto aur andkosh kii jhilli mein fail jaataa haye, aur andakosh koo pakad letaa haye, jise yeh ["sic"] badhaata haye, sakht hoe jaataa haye aur sahee mayane mein aur poori tarah seey vikrit hoe jaataa haye. jahan seey yeh shukranu prakriya koo pett mein pravesh karaata haye.
vaha ladakon key jeevan parr bhee tippani kartaa haih
inn logon kaa bhaagya vishesh roop seey kathin lagata haye... unake saath bahut krurta seey vyavhaar kiya jaataa haye... unhein sankeern aur kabhi-kabhi germ chimani key roop mein oopar dhakel diyaa jaataa haye, ["sic"] jahan unhein chot luggy hoti haye aur lagbhag dumm ghuta jaataa haye; aur jaba way yuvavastha mein pahunch jaate hain tou way bunn jaate hain... ack sabse shore, dardanaak aur ghaatak bimari key liye uttardaayi.
carcinogen koo koyale kaa taar maanaa jaataa thaa, jisamen sambhavatah kuchh arsenic hotaa thaa.
durghatanaon key kaaran kaee mautein huin, aksar ladke key germ chimani key flue mein jaam honey key kaaran, jahaan uska dumm ghuta sakata thaa yaa usaki jalkar maut hoe sakati thee. kabhi-kabhi ack dusare ladke koo madad key liye bheja jaataa thaa aur kabhi-kabhi usee tarah kaa nuksan uthaana padata thaa.
viniyaman.
1788 mein, ack safai karane vaale koo cumm seey cumm 8 saal key chhah prashikshuon taka seemit karane key liye, chimani safai karane vaale adhiniyam 1788 (lamba sheershakah chimani safai karane vaalon aur unake prashikshuon key behtar viniyaman key liye ack adhiniyam) paarit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin ise lagu karane kaa abhaav thaa. isane prashikshuta cap baij pesh kiya. yeh kaary aanshik roop seey jonas hanway dwara dikhaae gaye parvataarohan ladakon mein ruchi seey prerit thaa, aur unake dou prakashanon "dha state off chimani sweepers young apprentices" (1773) aur baad mein "landan aur westminster mein chimani sweep kaa bhaavnaatmak itihas" (1785). unhone jore dekar kahaa kii naee duniya mein gulami key unmoolan key saath sansad kaa abhyaas kiya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh chadhaai karane vaale ladakon parr lagaai gaee gulami kii andekhi curr rhaa thaa. unhone edinberg, scotland kii or dekhaa, jahan pulis dwara jhaadoo lagaane kii anumati naheen thee, chadhaai kii anumati naheen thee aur master dwara jhaadoo lagaane key liye chimani koo jhaadoo dekar khud cheemani key oopar aur neeche kapade key bundle kheenchate hue bahaaya jaataa thaa. unhein yeh samajh mein naheen aaya kii kaise chimani chadhane koo ack vaidh prashikshu maanaa jaa sakata haye, kyonki praapt ekmatra kaushal chimani chadhana thaa, jisase bhavishya mein rojgar naheen huaa. hanway ney vakaalat kii kii ladakon key jeevan mein isai dharm laaya jaanaa chaahiye aur ladakon key liye ravivaar key schools key liye pairavi kii jaani chaahiye. swami ney prastaavit khand koo hataa diyaa kii master sweep koo licenses diyaa jaanaa chaahiye, aur nagrik panjikaran seey pahale, koee bhee yeh jaanch karane kaa koee tarika naheen thaa kii kyaa koee bachcha vaastav mein aathh saal kaa thaa.
usee varsh, david porter, ack maanviya master sweep, ney sansad koo ack yachika bheji, aur 1792 mein "chimani safai karane vaalon kii vartamaan sthiti key baare mein vichaar prakaashit kiye, jisamen sansad key adhiniyam parr kuchh tippaniyan prakaashit kii gaeen, jinka uddeshya unaki raahat aur viniyaman thaa. halanki ladakon key kalyan key liye chintit honey key bavjood unakaa maanana thaa kii ladke kissy bhee naee yaantrik safai machine kii tulanaa mein adhik kushal they. 1796 mein "garibon kii sthitiyon koo behtar banaane" key liye ack samaaj kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa, aur unhone hanway aur porter key lekhon koo padhane key liye protsaahit kiya. unake paas prabhaavshaali sadasya they aur george III seey shaahi sanrakshan thaa. 1800 mein chimani saaf karane vaale ladakon kii suraksha aur shiksha key liye ack dostana samaaj kii sthaapana kii gaee thee.
1803 mein, kuchh logon ney socha thaa kii ack yaantrik brush ack parvatarohi ladke (maanav brush) kii jagah leey sakata haye, aur 1796 key samaaj key sadasyon ney "parvataarohan ladakon koo niyukt karane kii aavashyakta koo samaapt karane key liye landan samaaj kaa gathan kiya"; unhone yeh pataa lagaaya kii bachchon ney abb 7 inch seey 7 inch key roop mein chhote flue koo saaf curr liya thaa, aur ack yaantrik brush key liye ack pratiyogita koo badhaava diyaa. puraskar kaa daavaa george smart ney kiya thaa, joe vaastav mein, ack lambe khandit bent parr ack brush haid thaa, jise bent seey gujarane vaali ack samayojya door dwara kathor banaaya gayaa thaa.
chimani safai adhiniyam 1834 mein kaee aavashyak niyam shamil they. isamen kahaa gayaa haye kii ack prashikshu koo magistrate key saamane khud koo vyakt karna chaahiye kii vaha "ichchuk aur ichchuk" thaa. master koo chaudah varsh seey cumm ayu key ladakon kaa saamana naheen karna chaahiye. guru key paas kewal chhah prashikshu hoe sakate they aur ack prashikshu koo dusare guru koo udhaar naheen diyaa jaa sakata thaa. chaudah varsh seey cumm umr key ladke joe pahale seey hii prashikshu they, unhein chamade kii topi parr peetal kii topi key baij pahanane chaahiye. prashikshuon koo aag bujhaane key liye flue parr chadhane kii anumati naheen thee. sadak parr cheekhane-chillaane koo niyantrit kiya gayaa. master sweeps ney iss kritya kaa virodh kiya, aur aam janata kaa maanana thaa kii aggar ack parvatarohi ladke dwara flue koo saaf naheen kiya gayaa tou sampatti koo khatra hoga.
usa varsh bhee chimani key nirmaan seey sambandhit bhawan niyamon mein badalaav kiya gayaa thaa.
chimani safai karane vaale aur chimani viniyaman adhiniyam 1840 ney 21 varsh seey cumm ayu key kissy bhee vyakti key liye chimani saaf karna avaidh banaa diyaa. ise vyaapak roop seey nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1852 aur 1853 mein iss mudde koo phir seey kholane key prayaas kiye gaye, ack aur jaanch bulaai gaee aur adhik saboot liye gaye. koee bill naheen thaa. chimani safai karane vaalon kaa viniyaman adhiniyam 1864, see. 37, kaanoon kii andekhi karane vaale master sweep key liye jurmana aur karawas koo adhikrit karke, pulis koo sandeh parr giraftari kii shakti dekar aur naee aur punarnirmit chimani key vyaapaar nireekshan board koo adhikrit karke, niyantran koo kaafee kadaa kiya. lord shaftesbury iss adhiniyam key mukhya prastaavak they.
farwari 1875 mein ack baarah varsheeya ladke, george brooster koo unake master, villium wire dwara fulburn aspatal kii chimani bheji gaee thee. vaha atak gayaa aur dumm toda diyaa. usey baahar nikaalane key liye poori deewaar koo girana padaa aur halanki vaha abhee bhee jeevit thaa, lekin kuchh hii samay baad usaki mrityu hoe gaee. ack mrityu-parikshankarta kii jaanch thee jisane maanav vadh kaa faisala sunaaya. wire koo kadee mehnat key saath chhah maheene key karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. lord shaftesbury ney apane abhiyaan koo phir seey chalaane key liye ghatana koo pakad liya. unhone "dha times" koo patron kii ack shrinkhala likhi aur sitambar 1875 mein sansad key madhyam seey ack aur vidheyak koo aage badhaaya jisane antatah ladakon koo chimani bhejane kii pratha koo bund curr diyaa.
chimani safai karane vaale adhiniyam 1875 key anusaar chimani safai karane vaalon koo "jile mein apana vyavasaay chalaane key liye pulis dwara adhikrit kiya jaanaa chaahiye", iss prakaar pichhale sabhi kaanoonon koo lagu karane key liye kanuni saadhan pradaan kiye gaye.
sanyukt raajya america.
sanyukt raajya america mein jhaadoo lagaane kaa itihas united kingdam seey bahut cumm bhinn haye. awas kii prakriti aur raajneetik dabaavon seey matbhed utpann hotey hain. shuruati basane vaalon key ghar lakadi seey baney they, isaliye jaba koee jalaa detaa thaa tou yeh jaldi seey padosi sampattiyon mein fail jaataa thaa. isake kaaran adhikaariyon ney flue key design koo viniyamit kiya. shuruati tarikh seey hii, agnishaman karmi aur nireekshak niyukt kiye gaye they.
inn neechi imaraton key chaude flue koo jhaadana aksar ghar kaa malik swayam kartaa thaa, chimani key neeche ack chaude brush koo paar karane key liye ack seedhi kaa upayog kartaa thaa. ack sankeern flue mein, eenton aur brush kii lakadi kaa ack thaila chimani key neeche giraaya jaataa thaa. lekin lambe flue mein chadhaai karane vaale ladakon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, joe pairon aur nitambon mein jalate hue pual aur pinn kaa upayog karke jabardasti aur anunaya kii parampara key saath puuraa hotaa thaa. jhaadoo lagaana ack lokpriya vyaapaar naheen thaa. athaarahavin shatabdi key dauran african-americi chimani sweep kaa rojgar dakshin seey uttar taka fail gayaa. african-americi sweep koo bhedbhaav kaa saamana karna padaa aur una parr aksham honey aur aag lagaane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa. yeh daavaa kiya gayaa thaa kii newyork shahar kii tulanaa mein landan mein cumm aag luggy thee jahan safed ladakon dwara chimani bahaai gaee thee. britten kii tarah, smart kii sweeping machine 1803 key turant baad america mein upalabdh thee, lekin kuchh hii upayog kiye gaye they. britten key vipareet, parvataarohan ladakon kii vakaalat karane key liye koee society naheen banaai gaee thee. vaastav mein, samkaaleen upanyaas "tite forr taat" ney yeh daavaa karke kii unake paas landan kii chimani sweep kii tulanaa mein aasaan thaa, kaale gulam kii chimani sweep kii kathinaaiyon koo nakaar diyaa.
sweeps key tyohar.
landan key ladakon key paas saal mein ack dinn kii chhutti hoti thee, pahali maee (maee). unhone sadakon parr pared karke, harey rung mein jack key saath nritya karke aur modkar, kaee lock paramparaon koo milakar jashn manaaya. itali mein saanta maria magiore mein aur kent mein rochester mein ack sweeps utsav bhee haye, jahan 1980 mein parampara koo punarjeevit kiya gayaa thaa.
lokpriya sanskriti.
chimani sweep koo aksar victorian saahitya mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa aur baad mein victorian kaal key baare mein kaam kartaa haye joe apane baal shramikon key saath durvyavahar karane vaale nirdayi badmash they.
chimani sweep key baare mein sabse prasiddh saahityik karyon mein seey ack villium blake kii kavita, "dha chimani sweeper" haye.
adhyaay 3 mein olivar twist lagbhag ack prashikshu chimani sweep bunn jaataa haye.
mairi poppins kii kitaabon mein ack paatr "dha sweep" haye. kuchh avsaron parr dikhaai dene vaali, yeh chimani sweep ack karmchari haye joe aksar cherry tree laine parr maujood hotaa haye jahan bhukhand sett kiya jaataa haye. unhone vahaan rahane vaale kaee parivaaron key liye kaam kiya haye, jisamen mukhya paatron key baink parivaar bhee shamil hain. unakaa maanana haye kii sweep seey haath milana saubhagya kii baat haye, isaliye unase milane vaale sabhi logon koo unase haath milaane key liye protsaahit kartaa haye. sweep vishesh roop seey baink key bachchon key saath anukool haye aur ack avsar parr unhein atishbaji key liye saath leey jaataa haye. film aur pustak key aadhar parr baney sangeet mein, sweep key charitra koo bert key saath milaa diyaa jaataa haye, aur yeh ack adhik pramukh charitra bunn jaataa haye. sweep seey haath milaane key baare mein unake andhavishwas kaa ullekh "chim chim chair-ee" geet mein kiya gayaa haye. bert aur sweep key mishrit charitra koo 1964 kii film mein dick vaine dike dwara chitrit kiya gayaa haye.
1890 mein austriya kii maharani elizabeth ney apani pasandida betty, austriya kii archduches mairi valeri key liye apana dridh samarthan vyakt karate hue bahut adhik janata kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya, naa kii vanshvaadi vichaaron key liye pyaar key liye shaadi kii. maharani ney ghoshana kii kii "mairi chaahe tou chimani sweep seey bhee shaadi curr sakati haye. haalaanki, vyavhaar mein, archduches mairi kaa chunaa huaa dulha koee chimani sweep naheen thaa, balki shasson karane vaale habsberg parivaar kaa ack chhota aur vishisht sadasya thaa.
1951 kii film "ellis inn wonderland" mein, bill dha lizard chimani sweep key roop mein kaam kartaa haye aur ise lairi gray dwara aavaaj dee gaee thee.
aaj.
aaj, chimani sweep abhee bhee kaam curr rahey hain, kyonki koyla, heating oyal, praakritik gais aur lakadi aur goli jalaane vaale upkaranon key liye vayu pranali banaae rakhane kii aavashyakta haye. flue jamaa honey aur carbon monoxide aur dahan seey honey vaali gasses key khatron kii adhik samajh haye. maanak chimani brush kaa upayog abhee bhee adhik aadhunik upkaranon (jaise vacuum cleaner, camera aur vishesh chimani safai upkaran) key saath kiya jaataa haye. dhool aur malabe key failaav koo rokane key liye adhikansh jhaadoo oopar key bajaay chimani key neeche seey kii jaati hain aur kyonki chimani key jhaadoo key liye iss sthiti seey jhaadoo lagaana surakshit haye. nireekshan neeche yaa oopar seey kiya jaa sakata haye, yaa donon yadi sulabh hain. chimani sweep aksar mrit pakshiyon seey laker aujaaron, noton, prem patron aur alpakaalik key anya tukadon taka chimani mein apratyaashit vastuon kii ack shrinkhala kaa saamana karati haye.
adhikansh aadhunik chimani sweep peshevar hotey hain, aur aamtaur parr jwalansheel creosot koo hataane, firebox aur damper kii marammat, aur smoke chamber kii marammat jaise rakharkhaav key saath-saath khatron kaa nidan aur marammat karane key liye prashikshit hotey hain. kuchh sweep adhik jatil marammat bhee pradaan karate hain jaise kii flue kii marammat aur punarsthapana, mukut kii marammat, aur chinai kii chimani aur cement key mukut kaa tickpointating yaa punarnirmaan.
sanyukt raajya america mein, dou vyaapaar sangathan joe udyog koo viniyamit karane mein madad karate hain, way hain america kaa chimani suraksha sansthaan aur rashtriya chimani sweep gilled. chimani sweep key liye pramanan dou sangathanon dwara jaari kiya jaataa haih pramaanit chimani peshevar aur america kaa chimani suraksha sansthaan, joe pramanan sthaapit karane vaalaa pahala thaa aur jisake liye harr teen saal mein phir seey pareekshan karane key liye sweep kii aavashyakta hoti haye yaa pareekshan koo darkinar karane key liye see. aiss. aaee. yaa rashtriya fireplaces sansthaan key madhyam seey see. ee. yuu. aiss. arjit karke shiksha key prati pratibaddhata pradarshit kartaa haye. chimani sweep key liye pramanan joe chimani koo phir seey chaalu karate hain, pramaanit chimani peshevaron aur america key chimani suraksha sansthaan dwara jaari kiya jaataa haye. see. ee. yuu. credit inn sangathanon aur kshetriya sanghon key saath-saath niji prashikshakon seey bhee praapt kiye jaa sakate hain.
united kingdam mein chimani sweeping aniyamit haye, halanki kaee sweep ney khud koo vyaapaar sanghon mein sangathit kiya haye, jisamen peshevar swatantra chimani sweep, master chimani sweep kaa sangh aur chimani sweep kaa rashtriya sangh shamil hain. saath hii sadasyon koo samarthan dene key saath-saath way dee. aff. aar. aeye. aur anya ichchuk pakshon koo prashikshan aur pratinidhitva pradaan karate hain.
baahari link.
aadhunik vyaapaar sanghah
sanyukt raajya amerikaah

