
senaa maanchitra seva

senaa maanchitra seva (aeye. aim. aiss.) 1941 seey 1968 taka sanyukt raajya raksha vibhaag kii sainya maanchitran agency thee, joe sanyukt raajya senaa key engineeron key dall key adheen thee. 1 sitambar, 1968 koo, aeye. aim. aiss. koo yuu. key roop mein phir seey design kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. senaa sthalaakritik kamaan (yuu. aiss. aeye. tii. see.) aur 1 janwari, 1972 taka ack swatantra sangathan key roop mein jaari rhaa, jaba ise naee raksha maanchitran agency (dee. aim. aeye.) mein vilay curr diyaa gayaa aur dee. aim. aeye. sthalaakritik kendra (dee. aim. aeye. tii. see.) key roop mein phir seey naamit kiya gayaa. 1 octuber, 1996 koo, dee. aim. aeye. koo rashtriya chhavi aur maanchitran agency (nima) mein jodaa gayaa, jise 2003 mein rashtriya bhoo-sthaanik-khufiya agency (aine. jee. aeye.) key roop mein phir seey naamit kiya gayaa thaa.
senaa maanchitra seva kaa pramukh kaary sanyukt raajya america key sashastr balon dwara aavashyak sainya sthalaakritik maanchitron aur sambandhit utpaadon kaa sankalan, prakaashan aur vitaran thaa. ams upgrah aur grah nikaayon key alaukik maanchitron kii taiyari mein bhee shamil thaa; rashtriya khufiya adhyayan kii taiyari; upgrah aur paaramparik trikon donon tarikon seey vishva bhoo-sthaanik niyantran network kii sthaapana; aur engineer vastuon key core kii rasad sainya yojana. aeye. aim. aiss. kii ack anya pramukh jimmedaari raksha vibhaag key liye sabse badey bhoo-sthaanik aur sthalaakritik detta pustakalayon koo banaae rakhna thaa.
pratham vishva yuddh.
"senaa kii maanchitra seva kii shuruat phut parr sthit ack godam mein hui thee. mcnair (poorv mein senaa yuddh mahavidyalaya), jahan 1910 mein ack prajanan ikai aur lithographic school koo samaayojit karane key liye jagah alag rakhee gaee thee. sanyukt tatvon ney kendriya maanchitra prajanan sanyantra (see. aim. aar. pee.) kaa gathan kiya. 1917 mein pratham vishva yuddh key aagaman key saath, pramukh charles aich dwara see. aim. aar. pee. koo punargathit aur vistaarit kiya gayaa thaa. maanchitra aapoorti sankat kii pratyasha mein kroor aur engineer prajanan sanyantra (emp) kaa naam badal diyaa gayaa."
1910 mein, maanchitra prajanan sanyantra koo phut mein godam sthaan diyaa gayaa thaa. mcnair, engineeron key dall kii maanchitra prajanan ikai koo samaayojit karane key liye. antatah kendriya maanchitra prajanan ikai kaa naam diyaa gayaa, isamen ack lithographic school aur 18 niyukt sainya karmiyon koo shamil kiya gayaa. pratham vishva yuddh key baad, iska naam badalkar engineer prajanan sanyantra curr diyaa jaayega. arp koo maanchitran aur photolithographic prakriyaon aur media parr prayog key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa. way havaai photogrammetry mein bhee prayog karate hain.
humm mein seey kaee bhoovaigyaanik sarvekshan karmchaariyon koo pratham vishva yuddh key dauran ack maanchitra sangathan, 29vein engineeron key americi senaa core koo saunpa gayaa thaa. mejar jee.aiss. smith ney 29vein engineeron key hisse kii kamaan sambhali, ack maanchitra banaane aur sthalaakritik ikai, jisamen 53 adhikaari aur 145 purush americi bhoovaigyaanik sarvekshan seey sthanantarit kiye gaye they. terah atirikt yuu. aiss. jee. sthallekhakon koo sanyukt raajya senaa key tata topkhaane core koo "abhivinyas adhikaari" key roop mein saunpa gayaa thaa."jaba tata topkhaane kii doosari brigade kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa, tou senaa ney adhik yuu. aiss. jee. karmiyon key liye isi tarah kaa anurodh kiya thaa, lekin adesh koo aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki inn logon kii aavashyakta americi senaa key engineeron key liye thee.
pratham vishva yuddh key baad, 29veen engineer (topo) batalian ney nikaragua nahar sarvekshan kiya. yeh usa samay thaa jaba benjamin bee. tally, joe baad mein ack brigadier general baney, ney maanchitra banaane key liye ack portable stereocomparaph kaa aavishkaar kiya.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran senaa maanchitra seva kaa gathan engineer prajanan sanyantra, pustakalaya aur yuddh vibhaag key samanya karmchaariyon key maanchitran khand key samekan seey kiya gayaa thaa. shuru mein, utpaadit kiye gaye kaee nakshe maujooda maanchitron key sanshodhan they. yuddh key madhya taka, maanchitran kaary koo madhyam aur chhote paimaane key maanchitron mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen srot samagri key roop mein badey paimaane key deshi maanchitron kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. yuddh key anta taka, stereo-photogrametric tarikon seey badey paimaane parr maanchitran key liye kaafee prayaas kiye jaa rahey they.
1941 aur 1945 key beach, senaa kii maanchitra seva ney prithvi kii satah key 400,000 varg meal koo cover karate hue sabhi prakaar key 40,000 maanchitra taiyar kiye. yuddh key dauran 50 karod seey adhik pratiyaan banaai gaeen. kaee kaa utpaadan nagrik mahilaaon dwara motee bandargah key baad prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa, joe "sainya maanchitran naukaraaniyaan" theen."akele uttar african abhiyaan key liye kull 1 karod pratiyon key saath 1,000 alag-alag maanchitron kii aavashyakta thee. samanya aakraman key liye kull 7 karod pratiyon key saath 3,000 alag-alag maanchitron kii aavashyakta thee. prashant aur sudur poorv sanchaalan key liye isi tarah kii pratibaddhataon koo puuraa kiya gayaa thaa.
ranneetik star key maanchitron seey laker saamarik star key maanchitron taka sabhi prakaar key maanchitron kii aavashyakta thee. "vaastav mein, general george aiss. patton kaa daavaa haye kii unhone europe key ack michelin paryatak sadak maanchitra, bhoobhaag key baare mein apane gyaan aur aant-star kii bhavna kaa upayog karke teesari senaa kii gatividhiyon kii yojana banaai haye kii tank bhoomi parr baatchit curr sakate hain, villium vijeta nau shataabdiyon pahale paar curr gayaa thaa."
engineeron key maanchitran utpaadan kii core samanya maanchitran agencies seey alag hoti haye, jaise kii yuu. aiss. jee., jisamen yeh aamtaur parr bahut badey paimaane parr (design/nirmaan) hotaa haye aur pariyojana-vishisht hotaa haye; haalaanki, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad seey upayog kii jaane vaali maanchitran prakriyaaen bahut alag naheen hain. 1949 aur 1951 key beach, kanada, grate britten aur america key beach sainya maanchitran key mankikaran parr sahamati bunny aur naato, seato aur sento deshon mein bhee iska vistaar kiya gayaa. isamen 400,000 varg meal koo cover karane vaale 10,000 seey adhik vibhinn maanchitron key liye yuu. tii. aim. kaa anuprayog aur 90,000,000 pratiyon kii chhapaai shamil thee.
koriyai yuddh.
senaa kii maanchitra seva ney koriyai yuddh key pahale dou hafton key dauran sabhi sevaaon koo 750,000 nakshe vitarit kiye. agale dou hafton mein pachas laakh nakshe mudrit kiye gaye, jabaki sangharsh key pahale chaar hafton mein, sudur poorv kamaan ney ack karod nakshe mudrit kiye aur vitarit kiye.
1954 mein, 29veen engineer sthalaakritik batalian ney koria aur okinawa kii jimmedaari grahan kii aur tokyo, japan chaley gaye. vahaan isane 64veen engineer batalian koo avashoshit curr liya aur yuu koo sthalaakritik sahaayata pradaan karane key apane mission koo jaari rakhaa.aiss. aur prashant kshetra mein sambaddh balon, vishesh roop seey dakshin poorv asia mein yuddh kamanon key liye. maee 1966 mein, ikai (isake sarvekshan tatva seey cumm) ford dweep, havaai mein sthanantarit hoe gaee, aur yuu key liye praathamik maanchitra utpaadan ikai thee.aiss. viyatnam mein senaayen. janwari 1969 mein, ikai koo sink, yuu dwara medhavi ikai prashansa seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. senaa prashant. 1972 mein ack doosari medhavi ikai prashansa pradaan kii gaee thee.
antar-americi bhoo-sthaanik sarvekshan.
engineeron key dall ney madhya aur dakshin america key maanchitran key liye antar-americi bhoo-ganitiya sarvekshan mein bhee bhaag liya. iss shodh key hisse key roop mein kaee garib rashtra apane sansadhanon kaa vikas curr sakate they. "udaaharan key liye, cuba mein, aaee. aeye. jee. dwara ack vyaapak jall talika sarvekshan ney 500 kuon koo vikasit karna sambhav banaa diyaa."
viyatnam yuddh.
disambar 1966 mein viyatnam yuddh mein abhiyaanon key prakop seey, senaa kii maanchitra seva ney 20 karod seey adhik maanchitron koo mudrit aur bhej diyaa.
"maanchitra nirmaan ney viyatnam mein engineer navachar key liye ack aur kshetra pradaan kiya. adyatan maanchitra aur sthalaakritik jaankaari viyatnam mein sainya abhiyaanon key liye pramukh tatva they, vishesh roop seey topkhaane kii aag lagaane key liye. yuddh key praarambhik charanon key dauran, topkhaane kii ikaaiyon ney aam taur parr jamini ikaaiyon koo nishchit sthaanon seey samarthan diyaa, jahaan jamini niyantran koo badhaaya gayaa thaa. sarvekshanon ney topkhaane koo aag kii sateekta sunishchit karane mein saksham banaaya, lekin jaise-jaise topkhaane kii ikaaiyaan adhik dooradraj key kshetron mein chully gaeen, isaliye anukool ikaaiyon kaa samarthan karna adhik kathin hoe gayaa kyonki sarvekshanon mein kamee thee. 1967 kii shuruat mein, ell. tii. cole. arther ell. benton, engineer anubhagon key maanchitran aur khufiya khand key poorv pramukh, sanyukt raajya senaa viyatnam, joe washington mein senaa maanchitra seva seey asthaayi kartavya parr viyatnam laut aae they, dee.see., ack pranali vikasit kii jise photogrammetric sthiti key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. aadhar maanchitron key saath havaai tasveeren bandhkar, topkhaane key sarvekshankarta aasaani seey azimuth aur golibari kii sthiti kaa sthaan praapt curr sakate they. maanchitra kii tasveeron aur chhaap key saath kaam karate hue, havaai paryavekshak lakshyon key sateek sandarbh dey sakate hain. pareekshan anukool saabit hue, aur operation key baad devdaar girane key baad ack pranali lagu hoe gaee."
videshi gatividhiyaan.
senaa kii maanchitra seva vishesh videshi gatividhiyon koo 64veen engineer batalian (aadhar sthalaakritik) dwara kiya jaataa haye. iska nirdhaarit mission aavashyak bhoo-ganitiya, maanchitran niyantran aur kshetra vargeekaran detta pradaan karna thaa jiska upayog vibhinn paimaane key sthalaakritik maanchitron key utpaadan mein kiya jaataa haye. batalian libia, iran, ethiopia (ethiopia-united states mapping mission sahit) aur liberia mein aur duniya key kuchh sabse oobad-khabad ilaakon mein sanchaalit hoti thee. sanchaalan key kshetron key bheetar paryavaraniya sthitiyon ney bhautik khatron jaise kii meelon registan, andhaa rait key toofaanon koo paida kiya joe swaasthya koo khatare mein daalate hain aur najuk upkaranon koo nuksan pahunchaate hain, samudra tala seey 15,000 feat taka key pahaad, aur jangli jaanvaron, khatarnak sarisripon aur keedon key saath jangalon koo bhaap mein udaate hain. yeye 64vein key purushon key liye niyamit kshetra kii sthitiyaan theen.
antariksh yug.
antariksh yug key shuruati varshon key dauran, yuu. aiss. aeye. dwara bhoo-ganitiya jaanch ney prithvi key aakar aur aakar koo nirdhaarit kiya, aur prashant, archtic, asia aur dakshin america key kaee dooradraj key kshetron mein sateek bhoo-ganitiya aur khagoliya sarvekshan shamil kiye. dow. dwara kaary. iren fisher ney chandrama key parlax koo nirdhaarit karane mein madad kii, aur unake bhoo-adhyayanon ney antim himm yug key lambe samay taka chalane vaale prabhaavon kii jaanch mein madad kii. engineeron key dall ney americi senaa key signal dall aur americi nausena key saath khagoliya, bhoo-ganitiya aur gurutvaakarshan avalokan praapt karane key liye prithvi key aakar aur aakar, antarmahadvipiya sambandhon aur gurutvaakarshan kshetron koo nirdhaarit karane key liye agra upgrah karyakram mein bhaag liya. iss kaam koo jaari rakhate hue, alden colvocorres ney antariksh-oblic mercator prakshepan vikasit kiya, jiska upayog landsat upgrah key saath sanyukt raajya america kaa pahala upgrah nirmit maanchitra banaane key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
aeye. aim. aiss. aur anya agencies yuu banaane key liye vibhajit hoe jaati hain.aiss. 1947 mein senaa engineer anusandhaan aur vikas prayogashaalaaen (uasrdl); phir 1960 mein "geodesi, intelligence aind mapping research aind development agency" (jimrada) mein vikasit hui; phir 1967 mein "engineer topographic laboratories" (ee. tii. ell.); aur phir topographic engineering center (tii. ee. see.) bunn gayaa, jise alexandaria, virginia mein humphrase engineer center mein rakhaa gayaa. tech ney bhoo-sthaanik vishleshan aur bhoo-sthaanik detta utpaadan jaise kshetron mein shodh kiya; vikasit imagery shoshan, teji seey prototyping aur anya pranaaliyan; aur bhoo-sthaanik jaankaari, sankat samarthan, shahari adhyayan aur aitihaasik photo paryavaraniya vishleshan jaise kshetron mein sanchaalan kiya. adhik vividh aur takniki roop seey parishkrit kshetron mein tech kii badhati jimmedariyon koo darshaate hue, iska naam 2009 mein senaa key bhoo-sthaanik kendra mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh sainya aur nagrik karyon donon gatividhiyon kaa samarthan karna jaari rakhta haye.

