
colomia

colomia, jise pahale colomia key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, paschimi ukraine mein ivano-frankivsk oblast (praant) mein prut nadee parr sthit ack shahar haye. yeh colomia raayan (jilaa) key prashaasnik kendra key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. yeh shahar pokuttia key aitihaasik kshetra key kendra mein ivano-frankivsk aur chernivtsi key beach lagbhag aadhaa raasta haye, jisake saath yeh apane itihas kaa adhikansh hissa saajha kartaa haye. colomia shahari chromada key prashaasan kii mejbani kartaa haye, joe ukraine key chromada mein seey ack haye. jansankhya haye.
yeh shahar ack ullekhaniya rail kendra key saath-saath ack audyogik kendra (kapada, joote, dhaatu vigyaan sanyantra, machine kaary, lakadi aur kagaj udyog) haye. yeh hatsul sanskriti kaa kendra haye. 1925 taka yeh shahar iss kshetra kaa sabse adhik aabaadi vaalaa shahar thaa.
itihas.
colomia key niptan kaa ullekh pahali baar 1240 mein hypetian chronicle aur 1241 mein russie mangol aakraman key samay galician-volinian chronicle dwara kiya gayaa thaa. shuru mein keevan russ kaa hissa, yeh baad mein apane uttaradhikari raajyon mein seey ack, hailik-volhinia kii riyasat kaa hissa thaa. boroldai key crum parr, shahar key kille koo 1259 mein jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa. 13 veen shatabdi key madhya seey yeh apane namak khanan udyog key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa.
polland (1340-1498) key tahat.
1340 mein galicia-volhinia yuddhon key baad raajaa kasimir III ney roose key baaki raajya key saath ise polland mein milaa liya thaa. 1340 key dashak mein kaheen aur ack aur kilaa banaaya gayaa thaa. thode hii samay mein yeh basti kshetra mein vanijya key sabse ullekhaniya kendron mein seey ack bunn gaee. isake kaaran jansankhya teji seey badhee.
1353 seey pahale basti mein dou parrish they, ack catholics key liye aur doosara roodhivaadi key liye. 1388 mein raajaa vladislav jagiyelo koo potautik adesh key saath yuddh key kaaran pokuttia key kshetra koo moldavia, petru II key hospoder koo girvi rakhane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki shahar polish samprabhuta key tahat rhaa, kshetra mein seema shulk karyalayon kii aaya moldavians koo dee gaee thee, jisake baad rinn chukaaya gayaa thaa. 1412 mein raajaa ney ack dominican order mathh aur ack patthar seey banaa church banaaya.
vikas.
1405 mein shahar key nagar adhikaaron kii pushti kii gaee aur ise magdeberg kaanoon key saath pradaan kiya gayaa, jisane bergers koo seemit swa-shasson kii anumati dee. iss kadam ney kshetra key vikas koo tej curr diyaa aur colomiza, jaisa kii ise taba kahaa jaataa thaa, ney europe key kaee hisson seey kaee basane vaalon koo aakarshit kiya. sthaaniya ukraini aur khambhon key alawa, kaee armeniyai, yahudi aur hangerian vahaan buss gaye. 1411 mein kilaa-shahar 25 varshon key liye vlutch hospoder alekjendar koo hangri key khilaf yuddh mein unake samarthan key liye ack upahaar key roop mein diyaa gayaa thaa. 1443 mein, apani mrityu seey ack saal pahale, polland key raajaa vladislaus dwiteeya ney shahar koo ack aur visheshaadhikaar diyaa, jisane bergers koo madhya yug key sabse keemati khanijon mein seey ack namak kaa vyaapaar karane kii anumati dee.
choonki mahal dheere-dheere avyavasthit hoe gayaa thaa, 1448 mein polland key raajaa kasimir IV ney shahar key oopar pahaadi parr mahal koo moldavia key rajkumar ilias kii vidhwa maria koo dahej key roop mein diyaa. badale mein, usane mahal kaa navinikaran kiya aur ise majboot kiya. 1456 mein shahar koo ack aur visheshaadhikaar diyaa gayaa. iss baar raajaa ney shahar key adhikaariyon koo shahar seey gujarane vaale sabhi vyapariyon koo rokane kii anumati dee, aur unhein sthaaniya bajar mein apana saman bechane key liye majboor kiya. isase shahar koo ack atirikt badhaava milaa, vishesh roop seey kyonki yeh kshetra polland key teen namak utpaadak kshetron mein seey ack thaa (anya dou veelizka aur bochaniya they), donon hii craco seey bahut door naheen they.
agali shatabdi key liye yeh kshetra apekshaakrit shantipurna thaa. haalaanki, swarn bheed key patan key baad shoonya koo kshetra mein ack aur shakti seey bharna shuru curr diyaa gayaah ottoman samrajya. 1485 mein sultan beyaazid dwiteeya ney belgorod aur kiliya parr kabja curr liya, joe kaalaa sagar key uttari taton parr sthit dou bandargah they. yeh moldavia key liye ack seedha khatra bunn gayaa. sahyogiyon kii talash mein, isake shaasak stephen mahaan colomia aae aur polish raajaa koo shraddhanjali dee, iss prakaar polish taaj kaa ack jagirdar bunn gayaa. samaroh key liye, donon samrat lagbhag 20,000 shurveeron key saath aae, joe shayed shahar mein aayojit abb taka kaa sabse badaa utsav thaa. utsav key baad adhikansh shurveer ghar laut aae, isake alawa 3,000 zana karnkovsky key adheen, jinhen moldavian rajkumar koo unaki ladaai mein samarthan key roop mein diyaa gayaa thaa, jise unhone anta mein jeet liya.
1490 mein, polish key haathon ukraini logon key badhate utpeedan key kaaran, safal vidrohon kii ack shrinkhala kaa netritva aadhunik ukraini naayak petro mukh ney kiya, jisamen moldavian (roman) key alawa anya ukraini jaise cosax aur huts shamil hue. mukh key vidroh key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa, yuddhon kii iss shrinkhala koo moldavian rajkumar stephen dha grate dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa, aur yeh polish utpeedan key khilaf ukraini logon key sabse pahale gyaat vidrohon mein seey ack haye. colomia key alawa, inn vidrohiyon ney pokuttia key anya shaharon parr kabja curr liya, aur paschim mein lweave taka pahunch gaye, lekin baad vaale parr kabja kiye binaa.
girawat.
moldavia key mahaan stephen kii mrityu key saath, padosi raajya ney turkon seey aantarik aur baahari donon dabaav kaa anubhav karna shuru curr diyaa. seema parr jhadapon key saath-saath praakritik aapadaon key parinamswarup, shahar 1502,1505,1513 aur 1520 mein aag kii chapet mein aaa gayaa thaa.
moldavia (1498-1531) key tahat.
vladislav dwiteeya jagilo, jinhen teutonic shurveeron key khilaf apani ladaai mein vittiya sahaayata kii aavashyakta thee, ney iss kshetra kaa upayog ack rinn mein guaranti key roop mein kiya, jise unhone moldavia key petru dwiteeya seey praapt kiya, jinhone iss prakaar 1388 mein pokuttia parr niyantran praapt kiya. isaliye, yeh moldavia key rajkumaron kii samanti sampatti bunn gaee, lekin polland key raajya key bheetar hii rahee."
cosmin vann kii ladaai key baad, 1498 mein, pokutia koo stephen dha grate dwara jeet liya gayaa thaa, 1531 mein obertein kii ladaai taka moldavia dwara kabja curr liya gayaa thaa, jaba ise polland key hetman zaan tarnovsky dwara phir seey kabja curr liya gayaa thaa, jinhone stephen key bete petru rayer koo haraaya thaa. agale 15 varshon taka, petru rayer kii mrityu taka, pokutia key liye mamuli polish-moldavian sangharsh jaari rahey.
polish-ottoman yuddh.
agale varsh, hetman zaan tarnovsky ney shahar parr phir seey kabja curr liya aur obertein kii ladaai mein moldavian koo haraaya. iss jeet ney agale varshon taka shahar kaa astitva surakshit curr liya, lekin ottoman shakti badhee aur polland kii dakshini seema asurakshit rahee.
1589 mein, turkon ney seema paar kii aur lagbhag turant colomia koo jabt curr liya. raksha mein bhaag lene vaale sabhi bergers koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa, jabaki baaki koo uchch kshatipurti dene key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa.
isake turant baad shahar koo polland mein vaapas curr diyaa gayaa, lekin shahar key vikas ney apani gati khou dee.
1620 mein ack aur polono-turkey yuddh chhid gayaa. tuora mein polish kii haar key baad, colomia koo phir seey turkon dwara jabt curr liya gayaa thaa. 1626 mein shahar koo jameen parr jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa, jabaki sabhi nivaasiyon koo ack jaseer mein gulam banaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
yuddh key baad yeh kshetra phir seey polland laut aaya. khandharon mein shahar key saath, commienic podolsky kille key starsta ney isake punarnirmaan kaa vittaposhan kiya-prut nadee seey thodaa aur door. shahar kaa punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, lekin kabhi bhee apani shakti hassil naheen kii aur kshetra mein kaee samaan paimaane key kendron mein seey ack banaa rhaa.
khamelnitsky vidroh.
1648-54 mein khamelnitsky vidroh key dauran, colomia county veerya vaisachan key netritva mein ack kisan ashanti (pokuttya vidroh) kaa kendra bunn gayaa. vidrohiyon kaa kendra otinia kaa ack shahar thaa. aaney vaale cossack balon kii madad seey, vaisachan ney peanive key mahatvapurna sthaaniya kille (aaj-nadvira raayan kaa ack gaanv) koo peechhe chhodane mein kamyabi hassil kii aur antatah bohan khamelnitsky kii aage badhati cossack senaaon key liye bahut samarthan pradaan karate hue iss kshetra key adhikansh shaharon aur gaanvon koo apane niyantran mein lene mein kamyab rhaa. haalaanki jald hii aage badhate hue polish sainikon key saath, vaisachan koo purvi podilia mein peechhe hatane key liye majboor honah padaa, jahan unhone ivan bohan aur ivan sirco kii kamaan mein ladanaa jaari rakhaa.
17veen shatabdi mein shahar key baahari ilaakon mein olexa dobbush key netritva mein ack aur kisan vidroh dekhaa gayaa. vidrohiyon koo oprisky key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
polland kaa vibhajan-yahudi itihas.
polland key pahale vibhajan (sent kii sandhi) key parinamswarup. pietersberg dinank 5 julaai 1772), colomia koo habsberg rajshahi key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya gayaa thaa. galicia key itihas key baare mein adhik vivaran galicia aur lodomeria key raajya lekh mein padhaa jaa sakata haye.
haalaanki, kyonki yeh bahut cumm laabh pradaan kartaa thaa, colomia koo bays key castellan, averist kuropatniki koo betch diyaa gayaa, joe shahar kaa malik bunn gayaa. mahaan ney hamari mahila key church key liye ack nae church kaa vittaposhan kiya, lekin shahar key vikas mein teji laane key liye unake paas vittiya sadhanon kii kamee thee.
19veen shatabdi key madhya mein shahar mein samriddhi vaapas aaa gaee, jaba ise lemberg-kjarnovitz railmarg key madhyam seey duniya seey jodaa gayaa thaa. 1848 mein colomia mein ack saarvajanik pustakalaya banaaya gayaa thaa joe purvi galicia mein pahale pustakalayon mein seey ack thaa. 1861 mein ack vyayamshala kholi gaee jahan anya logon key beach petro kozlanik, vassil stephanic, marco cheremshina kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa. 1882 taka shahar mein lagbhag 24,000 nivasi they, jinamen lagbhag 12,000 yahudi, 6,000 ruthenian aur 4,000 khambhe shamil they. usa shatabdi key anta taka, vanijya ney poore galicia seey aur bhee adhik nivaasiyon koo aakarshit kiya. vahaan sthaapit prakaashak aur print house they. isake alawa, colomia mein ack nayaa jesuit catholic church banaaya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii ise german adhikaariyon dwara 1874 mein nirmit ack luthran church key saath kahaa jaataa thaa. 1901 taka nivaasiyon kii sankhya badhkar 34,188 hoe gaee, jinamen seey lagbhag aadhe yahudi they.
20veen sadee.
1900 mein yahudi aabaadi 16,568 thee, joe phir seey shahar kii aabaadi kaa lagbhag 50 pratishat thee. yahudi samudaay key paas ack mahaan aradhanalaya aur lagbhag 30 anya aradhanalaya they. 1910 mein yahoodiyon koo maadak peya padarthon kii bikri seey pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1911 mein unhein namak aur sharaab key vyavasaay seey pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
pratham vishva yuddh key shuru honey key baad, shahar ney russie samrajya aur austriya-hangri kii senaaon key beach bhayankar ladaai dekhi. kathit taur parr austriyai logon kaa samarthan karane key liye yahoodiyon key saath durvyavahar kiya gayaa thaa, aur kaee yahudi gharon mein todfod kii gaee aur unhein nasht curr diyaa gayaa. sitambar 1914 mein russie agrim ney shahar parr kabja curr liya. 1915 mein austriyai logon ney shahar parr phir seey kabja curr liya.
austriya-hangri key patan key parinamswarup, shahar aur aspas kaa kshetra donon hii punarjagaran polland aur paschimi ukraini logon key ganarajya key beach vivaadit hoe gaye.
doosara polish ganarajya.
haalaanki, 1919 key polish-ukraini yuddh key dauran, ise general icob zaadik key tahat roman bhoomi balon dwara binaa kissy ladaai key jabt curr liya gayaa thaa, aur polish adhikaariyon koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa. ukraini soviyat vishvakosh key anusaar, ise polish poonjipati varg aur bhoomi maalikon dwara leey liya gayaa thaa. ukraine mein 1919 key polish-bolshevik yuddh key dauran, general zeligowski key tahat ack polish vibhajan ney besarabia aur bukovina koo faad diyaa aur polland kii or apane sheetkaleen march key dauran colomia mein rook gayaa. colomia parr taba asthaayi roop seey romanon kaa kabja thaa aur seema stanislav aur colomia key beach shahar (statle) autinia key paas thee.
polish-soviyat yuddh key baad yeh polland mein stanislav viovodeship key bheetar ack poviot kii rajdhani key roop mein banaa rhaa. 1931 taka nivaasiyon kii sankhya badhkar 41,000 seey adhik hoe gaee. jaatiya mishran yahoodiyon, dhruvon, ukraini (hatsal sahit), germans, armenian aur hungarians key saath-saath vailachiyanon key vanshajon aur poorv austriya-hangri key anya rashtriyataon seey banaa thaa. buniyaadi dhaanche key vikas key saath, shahar ack pramukh rail maarg kendra bunn gayaa, saath hii 49veen hatsul rifle resiment kaa garrison gaanv bunn gayaa. interbellum avadhi mein, harr guruwar koo shahar key mukhya chauk parr ack bajar hotaa thaa. shahar mein polish kavi francisjek karpinsky kaa ack smaarak, polish kavi addam mikiwicz kaa ack smaarak aur shahar key paas ack obelisk thaa, joe ack aise sthaan parr sthit thaa, jahan 1485 mein moldavia key hospodar stephen III ney raajaa casemiers IV jagilone koo shraddhanjali dee thee. sambhavatah paschimi ukraine kii communist party dwara aayojit gaanv mein aaee. dee. 1 key shramikon kii hadataalen huin, joe 1923 mein colomia mein sthaapit kii gaee thee.
1921 mein colomia mein ack sangeet vidyalaya kii sthaapana kii gaee thee.
1939 key polland key aakraman key saath dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prakop key baad, shahar koo tathaakathit roman pull key polish raksha key kendron mein seey ack maanaa jaataa thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein ukraini ssr aur german kabja.
haalaanki, poorv seey soviyat aakraman ney inn yojanaon koo aprachalit curr diyaa, aur shahar parr laal senaa kaa kabja hoe gayaa.
molotov-rebentrop samjhaute key parinamswarup, kabja kiya gayaa shahar ukraini ssr key ack kshetra key roop mein soviyat sangh kaa ack hissa bunn gayaa. paschimi ukraine kaa soviyat sangh mein pravesh (paschimi ukraine aur ussr kaa punarmilan)-paschimi ukraine mein soviyat sangh koo apnana aur ussr kaanoon key sarvocch soviyat key ack asadharan satra koo apnana "soviyat sangh mein paschimi ukraine koo shamil karane key liye ukraini ssr key punarmilan" (1 navambar 1939) key anurodh parr paschimi ukraine kii logon kii sabhaa key poornashakti aayog key anurodh parr. 27 octuber 1939 koo paschimi ukraine kii lock sabhaa ney "ukraine key soviyat samajwadi ganarajya mein paschimi ukraine key shamil honey parr" ghoshana mein nirdhaarit prastaav daayar karane kaa nirnay apanaaya thaa.
14 navambar 1939 koo, ussr key sarvocch soviyat sangh key teesare asadharan satra ney nirnay liyaah "ukraini soviyat samajwadi ganarajya mein paschimi ukraine koo sweekaar karein, aur iss prakaar ack ekikrit ukraini raajya mein mahaan ukraini logon koo phir seey ekjut karein."
1940 mein sthaaniya aabaadi key kuchh hisse, yahoodiyon aur isaaiyon koo samaan roop seey aine. key. vee. dee. dwara giraftar kiya gayaa thaa, aur gulag pranali yaa vibhinn soviyat jailon mein bheja gayaa thaa jisamen khambhe, yahudi, ukraini, hangerian aur kaee anya shamil they.
juuna 1941 mein, naazi germany vayu senaa dwara shahar parr bambari kii gaee thee. isake kaaran kaee yahudi aur yuva poorv kii or bhaag gaye. kuchh samay key liye, shahar parr hangri kaa kabja thaa, joe ack german sahayogi thaa. apane kabje key dauran, ukraini nagarvaasiyon ney yahoodiyon key khilaf narsamhar shuru kiya, unhein peeta, loot liya aur apamaanit kiya. kaee sou logon koo shahar key chauk seey lenin kii moorti hataane key liye majboor honah padaa. ukraini loga kaee logon koo goli maarne kii taiyari curr rahey they jaba ack dipty meyer ney unhein roque diyaa. ukraini logon ney yahoodiyon kii soochi taiyar kii joe unhein dandit dekhana chaahte they.
1 agast koo, shahar german niyantrit shasson kaa hissa bunn gayaa aur yahudi virodhi upaayon mein vriddhi hui. octuber mein, germans aur unake ukraini sahayakon ney ukraini logon dwara taiyar kii gaee soochiyon key anusaar 3000 yahoodiyon koo giraftar kiya. inn yahoodiyon koo truck dwara zeprov jangal mein leey jaaya gayaa jahan unhein goli maar dee gaee. shahar key mahaan aradhanalaya koo jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa. agale maheene, 2000 aur logon koo germans aur unake ukraini sahyogiyon dwara usee jangal mein leey jaaya gayaa aur goli maar dee gaee aur disambar mein ack aur 1200 koo usee bhaagya kaa saamana karna padaa. janwari mein aur adhik action hue, halanki march 1942 mein, taaki shahar kii yahudi aabaadi, joe juuna seey pahale 30,000 thee, abb kewal 17,000 thee. iss samay, germans ney ack yahudi basti sthaapit kii, jisase yahoodiyon koo 24 ghanton key bheetar vahaan jaane key liye majboor kiya gayaa. aprail mein 5000 yahoodiyon koo gher liya gayaa aur beljeck bhej diyaa gayaa, jahan unaki turant hatyaa curr dee gaee. sitambar 1942 mein, 1000 seey adhik yahoodiyon koo kaam karane key liye upayukt honey key kaaran yahudi basti mein rahane key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. chhipane vaalon koo goli maar dee gaee aur anya koo hatyaa key liye beljeck bheja gayaa. aspas key gaanvon seey yahoodiyon koo yahudi basti mein laaya gayaa aur unhein bhee, adhik colomia yahoodiyon key saath, beljeck bheja gayaa. farwari 1943 mein, antim yahudi, jinhen majdooron key roop mein peechhe rakhaa gayaa thaa, unhein club aur shooting dwara maar diyaa gayaa thaa. kull milakar, colomia aur kshetra key 70,000 seey adhik yahoodiyon koo colomiza aur zeprov jangal mein maar diyaa gayaa yaa belzek bheja gayaa.
kewal 200 yahudi abhee bhee jeevit they jaba laal senaa ney 28 march 1944 koo german aakramankariyon seey colomia koo mukt kiya. anya yahudi jinhen nirvaasit kiya gayaa thaa yaa soviyat sangh mein bhaag gaye they, way vahaan butch gaye. mukti key baad, kaee nirmaan shramik, shikshak, doctor, engineer aur anya kushal peshevar barbad shahar koo bahaal karane key liye aaney lagey. way ukraine key purvi bhaag aur soviyat sangh key anya hisson seey aae they. lekin yahudi samudaay koo punarjeevit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
sheet yuddh key dauran yeh shahar ranneetik rockett balon key 44vein rockett division kaa mukhyalaya thaa, joe pahale kamishin mein 73veen engineer brigade rvgk thee. 31 march 1990 koo division koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
swatantra ukraine (1991-vartamaan) key tahat.
yeh abb ukraine kaa ack hissa haye, joe 1991 seey swatantra haye.
swatantrata key samay taka colomia key adhikansh audyogik udyam bund hoe gaye they yaa samaapt hoe gaye theh sanyantra "colomiasilmash", "zahotzerno", sanyantra "alectrusnastca", "karkhana" 17 sitambar, ack jootaa karkhana, ack lakadi kaa karkhana, sanyantra krp (poorna switchgear), valova st parr mudran ghar., ack brush nirmaata, ack bunai karkhana aur kaee anya. bund kiye gaye cinema ghar bhee they; chaar theh irchan movie theatre, kirov movie theatre, movie theatre "unist" (yuva), aur vartamaan trillovskoho park (poorv mein kirov park naam diyaa gayaa) mein ack grishmakaaleen theatre. kshetriya mahatva kaa ack film store bhee bund hoe gayaa. isake parinamswarup, kaee loga khud koo berojgar paate hain, aur kaee shahar key nivaasiyon koo kaam khojane key liye videsh jaane key liye majboor honah padata haye. way companiyaan joe soviyat yug seey bunny hui hain, mushkil seey kaam karati hain. inmein ack pardaa karkhana, ack kagaj mill, metalozavod, plant prut (prograam karane yogya electronic shaikshik terminal), ack cheez karkhana, "colomyasilmash", nirmaan samagri kaa colomia sanyantra prabandhan, colomia motor company, ack pepper mill, valova st parr ack kapade kaa karkhana, mazepa st parr ack printing house shamil hain., aur ack dibbaband phal kaa paudha.
inmein seey adhikansh companiyan poorv soviyat sangh aur videshon mein vyaapak roop seey jaani jaati theen, kyonki way upkaran, kushal shramikon aur engineering karmchaariyon key mamle mein atyadhik unnat theen. inn udyamon ney kaee utpaadon kaa utpaadan kiya, jisamen loga kaee paaliyon mein kaam karate they, aur gaanv koo mahatvapurna curr rajaswa pradaan karate they.
yeh polland mein nyasa kaa ack bahan gaanv haye, jahan isake kaee poorv nivaasiyon koo yuddh key baad jaanaa padaa thaa.
2015 key anta seey, colomia ukraini 10 veen parvat brigade kaa mukhyalaya rhaa haye.
18 julaai 2020 taka, colomia koo oblast mahatva key shahar key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh colomia raayan key prashaasnik kendra key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa, halanki yeh raayan seey sambandhit naheen thaa. julaai 2020 mein, ukraine key prashaasnik sudhaar key hisse key roop mein, jisane ivano-frankivsk oblast key raayan kii sankhya koo ghataakar chhah curr diyaa, colomia shahar koo colomia raayan mein vilay curr diyaa gayaa.
judvaan shahar-bahan shahar.
colomia key saath judvaan haih

