khagoliya interferometer

ack khagoliya interferometer yaa doorbeen sarani alag doorbinon, darpan khandon yaa radio doorbeen antena kaa ack samooh haye joe interferometry key madhyam seey sitaaron, nebula aur akashgangaon jaisi khagoliya vastuon kii uchch resolution chhaviyaan pradaan karane key liye ack ekal doorbeen key roop mein kaam kartaa haye. iss takneek kaa laabh yeh haye kii yeh saiddhaantik roop seey ghatak doorbinon key beach algaav key barabar ack chhidra key saath ack vishal doorbeen key koniya resolution key saath chhaviyon kaa utpaadan curr sakata haye, jise baseline kahaa jaataa haye. mukhya kamee yeh haye kii yeh poorna upkaran key darpan key roop mein adhik prakaash ekatra naheen kartaa haye. iss prakaar yeh mukhya roop seey adhik chamakdaar khagoliya vastuon key maheen sankalp key liye upayogi haye, jaise kii nikat dwiaadhaari taare. ack anya kamee yeh haye kii ack pataa lagaane yogya utsarjan srot kaa adhikatam koniya aakar sangraahak sarani mein detectors key beach nyuntam antaral seey seemit haye.
radio khagol vigyaan mein interferometry kaa sabse vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisamen alag-alag radio doorbinon seey sanketon koo jodaa jaataa haye. aperture sanshleshan" naamak ack ganitiya sanket prasanskaran takneek kaa upayog uchch-resolution chhaviyon koo banaane key liye alag-alag sanketon koo sanyojit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. bahut lambi baseline interferometry (vlbi) mein hajaaron kilometres seey alag radio doorbinon koo ack radio interferometer banaane key liye ack resolution key saath jodaa jaataa haye joe hajaaron kilometres vyaas key chhidra key saath ack kaalpanik ekal dish dwara diyaa jaayega. avarakt khagol vigyaan aur prakaash khagol vigyaan mein upayog kii jaane vaali chhoti tarang dairdhya parr alag-alag doorbinon seey prakaash koo jodana adhik kathin haye, kyonki prakaash koo lambe prakaash path parr tarang dairdhya key ack ansh key bheetar susangat rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye, jisake liye bahut sateek prakashiki kii aavashyakta hoti haye. vyaavhaarik avarakt aur optical khagoliya interferometer haal hii mein vikasit kiye gaye hain, aur khagoliya anusandhaan key atyaadhunik star parr hain. optical tarang dairdhya parr, chhidra sanshleshan vayumandaliya dekhane key sankalp seema koo door karane kii anumati detaa haye, jisase koniya sankalp prakashiki kii vivartan seema taka pahunch jaataa haye.
khagoliya interferometer kissy bhee anya prakaar key doorbeen kii tulanaa mein uchch resolution khagoliya chhaviyon kaa utpaadan curr sakate hain. radio tarang dairdhya parr, kuchh sookshm-ardh-sekand key chhavi sankalp praapt kiye gaye hain, aur ack aanshik milliersecond key chhavi sankalp drishya aur avarakt tarang dairdhya parr praapt kiye gaye hain.
ack khagoliya interferometer kaa ack saral leout darpan key tukadon kii ack paravalayik vyavastha haye, joe aanshik roop seey poorna paraavartit doorbeen detaa haye lekin ack "viral" yaa "kamjor" chhidra key saath. vaastav mein darpanon kii paravalayik vyavastha mahatvapurna naheen haye, jaba taka kii khagoliya vastu seey beam combiner (phocus) taka optical path kii lambai vahee haye joe poorna darpan mamle dwara dee jaayegi. isake bajaay, adhikansh maujooda sarani ack samtaliya jyaamiti kaa upayog karati hain, aur leberi kaa hypertailscope ack golakar jyaamiti kaa upayog karega.
itihas.
optical interferometry key pahale upayogon mein seey ack koo taaron key vyaas koo maapane key liye mount willson vedhshala key paraavartak doorbeen parr michelson taarakiya interferometer dwara lagu kiya gayaa thaa. laal vishal taaraa beatlejues 13 disambar, 1920 koo iss tarah seey apana vyaas nirdhaarit karane vaalaa pahala thaa. 1940 key dashak mein radio interferometry kaa upayog pahale uchch resolution radio khagol vigyaan tippaniyon koo karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. agale teen dashakon key liye khagoliya interferometry anusandhaan mein radio tarang dairdhya parr anusandhaan kaa prabhutva thaa, jisase bahut badey sarani aur atakama badey millimeter sarani jaise badey upkaranon kaa vikas huaa.
optical/infrared interferometry koo infrared mein johnson, betz aur town (1974) aur drishyamaan mein leberi (1975) dwara alag doorbinon kaa upayog karke maap key liye vistaarit kiya gayaa thaa. 1970 key dashak key anta mein computer prasanskaran mein sudhaar ney pahale "frinz-tracking" interferometer key liye anumati dee, joe khagoliya dekhane key dhundhale prabhaavon kaa paalan karane key liye paryaapt teji seey kaam kartaa haye, jisase emke aaee, aaee aur iii interferometer kii shrinkhala hoti haye. isi tarah kii takneekon koo abb anya khagoliya doorbeen saraniyon parr lagu kiya gayaa haye, jisamen cake interferometer aur palomar testbed interferometer shamil hain.
1980 key dashak mein aperture sanshleshan interferometric imaging takneek koo gufa khagol bhautiki samooh dwara drishya prakaash aur avarakt khagol vigyaan taka vistaarit kiya gayaa thaa, joe aas-paas key sitaaron kii pahali bahut uchch resolution chhaviyaan pradaan kartaa haye. 1995 mein iss takneek koo pahali baar alag-alag optical telescope kii ack shrinkhala parr pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa, jisase resolution mein aur sudhaar huaa aur taarakiya satahon kii uchch resolution imaging kii anumati millie. bee. aiss. aim. ee. aim. yaa meera jaise software packages kaa upayog maapa gayaa drishyata ayam aur samaapan charanon koo khagoliya chhaviyon mein badalane key liye kiya jaataa haye. yahee takneek abb kaee anya khagoliya doorbeen saraniyon parr lagu kii gaee haye, jisamen nausena parishuddhata optical interferometer, avarakt sthaanik interferometer aur ayota sarani shamil hain. kaee anya interferometers ney samaapan charan maap kiye hain aur jald hii apani pahali chhaviyon kaa utpaadan karane kii ummeed haye, jisamen vlt, charr sarani aur leey coroller aur dejong key hypertailscope prototype shamil hain. yadi puuraa hoe jaataa haye, tou duss chala doorbinon key saath aim. aar. oh. interferometer ack lambi aadhar rekha interferometer seey pahali uchch nishtha chhaviyon mein seey ack kaa utpaadan karega. nausena optical interferometer ney 1996 mein iss disha mein pahala kadam uthaaya, mizaar kii chhavi kaa 3-tarfa sanshleshan praapt kiya; phir 2002 mein etaa virginis kaa pahala chhah-tarfa sanshleshan; aur haal hii mein bhusthaitik upgrahon dwara utpaadit pahali sanshleshit chhaviyon key liye ack kadam key roop mein "bund charan".
aadhunik khagoliya hastakshep.
khagoliya interferometry mukhya roop seey michelson (aur kabhi-kabhi anya prakaar) interferometer kaa upayog karke aayojit kii jaati haye. iss prakaar key upkaran kaa upayog karane vaali pramukh parichaalan interferometric vedhshaalaaon mein vlty, enpoi aur charr shamil hain.
vartamaan pariyojanaaen nakshatr kii parasparik gati key khagoliya maap (jaisa kii palomar testbed interferometer aur vee. ell. tii. aaee. dwara upayog kiya jaataa haye), nulling (jaisa kii cake interferometer aur darwin dwara upayog kiya jaayega) key upayog key madhyam seey yaa pratyaksh imaging (jaisa kii leberi key hypertailscope key liye prastaavit haye) key madhyam seey, saur grahon kii khoj key liye interferometer kaa upayog karengi.
europeeya dakshini vedhshala ee. aiss. oh. key engineeron ney bahut badey doorbeen vee. ell. tii. koo design kiya taaki iska upayog ack interferometer key roop mein bhee kiya jaa sakey. chaar ikai doorbinon key saath, chaar mobile 1.8-metre sahayak doorbinon (aeye. tii. aiss.) koo bahut badey doorbeen interferometer (vee. ell. tii. aaee.) banaane key liye samagr vee. ell. tii. avadharana mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. ats 30 alag-alag stations key beach jaa sakate hain, aur vartamaan mein, telescope interferometry key liye dou yaa teen key samooh banaa sakate hain.
interferometry kaa upayog karate samay, darpanon kii ack jatil pranali vibhinn doorbinon seey prakaash koo khagoliya upkaranon mein laati haye jahaan ise sanyukt aur sansaadhit kiya jaataa haye. takniki roop seey yeh maang haye kyonki prakaash path koo kuchh sou meater kii doori parr 1/1000 mimi (prakaash kii tarang dairdhya key samaan crum) key bheetar rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye. ikai doorbinon key liye, yeh ack samatulya darpan vyaas detaa haye, aur jaba sahayak doorbinon koo jodaa jaataa haye, tou samatulya darpan vyaas praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh ekal vee. ell. tii. ikai doorbeen key sankalp seey 25 gunaa behtar haye.
vlty khagolvidon koo abhootpoorv vistaar seey khagoliya vastuon kaa adhyayan karane kii kshamata detaa haye. taaron kii satahon parr vivaran dekhana aur yahaan taka kii black holl key karib key paryaavaran kaa adhyayan karna bhee sambhav haye. 4 milliarksecond key sthaanik sankalp key saath, vlti ney khagolvidon koo ack taare kii abb taka kii sabse tej chhaviyon mein seey ack praapt karane kii anumati dee haye. yeh ack pench key sir koo door karane key barabar haye.
1990 key dashak key ullekhaniya parinamon mein 100 sitaaron key vyaas aur kaee sateek taarakiya sthitiyon kaa maapan, tata aur aine. pee. oh. aaee. ney kaee bahut uchch resolution chhaviyon kaa utpaadan kiya, aur pahali baar madhya-avarakt mein sitaaron key avarakt taarakiya interferometer maap shamil they. atirikt parinamon mein rangbhed parivartansheel sitaaron key aakar aur doori kaa pratyaksh maap aur yuva taarakiya vastuen shamil hain.
chilly key andes mein chaznanter pathaar parr, europeeya dakshini vedhshala (ee. aiss. oh.), apane antarrashtriya bhagidaron key saath milkar, alma kaa nirmaan curr rahee haye, joe brahmand kii kuchh sabse thhandi vastuon seey vikiran ekatra karegi. alma ack nae design kaa ekal doorbeen hoga, joe shuru mein 66 uchch-parishuddhata vaale antena seey banaa hoga aur 0.3 seey 9.6 mimi kii tarang dairdhya parr kaam karega. isake mukhya 12 meater sarani mein pachas antena honge, jinka vyaas 12 meater hoga, joe ack ekal doorbeen-ack interferometer key roop mein ack saath kaary karenge. chaar 12 meater aur baarah 7 meater antena kii ack atirikt compact sarani isake poorak hogi. antena 150 meater seey 16 kilometres taka kii doori parr registan key pathaar mein faile hoe sakate hain, joe alma koo ack shaktishali charr "zoom" dega. yeh abhootpoorv samvedansheelta aur sankalp key saath millimeter aur submillimeter tarang dairdhya parr brahmand kii jaanch karane mein saksham hoga, jisamen habale space telescope seey duss gunaa adhik resolution hoga, aur vee. ell. tii. interferometer key saath banaai gaee chhaviyon kaa poorak hoga.
optical interferometer koo jyaadaatar khagolvidon dwara bahut vishesh upkaranon key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye, joe avalokan kii ack bahut hii seemit shrinkhala mein saksham hain. aksar yeh kahaa jaataa haye kii ack interferometer ack doorbeen key prabhaav koo chhidron key beach kii doori key aakar taka praapt kartaa haye; yeh kewal koniya sankalp key seemit arth mein sach haye. ekatra prakaash kii matra-aur isaliye sabse mund vastu joe dekhi jaa sakati haye-vaastavik chhidra aakar parr nirbhar karati haye, isaliye ack interferometer bahut cumm sudhaar pradaan karega kyonki chhavi mund haye (patali-sarani shraap). seemit chhidra kshetra aur vayumandaliya ashanti key sanyukt prabhaav aam taur parr interferometer koo tulanaatmak roop seey ujjwal sitaaron aur sakriya galactic naabhik key avalokan taka seemit karate hain. haalaanki, way aakar aur sthiti (astrometry) jaise saral taarakiya maapdandon key bahut uchch parishuddhata maap banaane key liye upayogi saabit hue hain, nikatatam vishal sitaaron kii imaging aur paas kii sakriya akashgangaon key core kii jaanch key liye.
alag-alag upkaranon key vivaran key liye, dikhaai dene vaale aur avarakt tarang dairdhya parr khagoliya interferometer kii soochi dekhein.
radio tarang dairdhya parr, bahut badee sarani aur marlin jaise interferometer kaee varshon seey kaam curr rahey hain. doorbinon key beach kii doori aamtaur parr hoti haye, halanki bahut lambi aadhar rekhaaon vaali saraniyaan bahut lambi aadhar rekha interferometry kii takneekon kaa upayog karati hain. (upa)-millimeter mein, maujooda sarani mein upa-millimeter sarani aur iram pathaar dee beur suvidha shamil hain. atakama badee millimeter sarani march 2013 seey poori tarah seey chaalu haye.
max tegmark aur matias zaldariyaga ney tez forier parivartan doorbeen kaa prastaav rakhaa haye joe maanak lens aur darpan key bajaay vyaapak computer shakti parr nirbhar karega. yadi moor kaa kaanoon jaari rahata haye, tou iss tarah key design kuchh varshon mein vyaavhaarik aur saste hoe sakate hain.
quantum computing kii pragati antatah interferometry key adhik vyaapak upayog kii anumati dey sakati haye, jaisa kii nae prastaavon seey pataa chalata haye.

