atee vikiran charan sankraman

quantum prakashiki mein, ack atee vikiran charan sankraman ack charan sankraman haye joe kuchh vidyut chumbakiya uttejanaon (vidyut chumbakiya nirvaat mein) vaali sthiti aur utsarjakon key ander fanse kaee vidyut chumbakiya uttejanaon key saath ack atee vikiran avastha key beach, pratideepti utsarjakon (jaise paramanu) key sangrah mein hotaa haye. utsarjakon key beach majboot, susangat antahkriyaon key kaaran atee vikiran avastha koo ushmaagatikiya roop seey anukool banaaya jaataa haye.
superradient charan sankraman kii bhavishyavani mool roop seey superradience key dicke model dwara kii gaee thee, joe maanata haye kii parmaanuon mein kewal dou urjaavaan star hotey hain aur yeye vidyut chumbakiya kshetra key kewal ack mode key saath baatchit karate hain.
charan sankraman taba hotaa haye jaba parmaanuon aur kshetra key beach paraspar kriya kii taakat hoti haye 
yeh pranali key gair-paraspar kriya karane vaale hisse kii oorjaa seey adhik haye. (yeh lauh chumbakatva mein atichaalaktaa key mamle key samaan haye, joe aage badhaata haye.
lauh chumbakiya parmaanuon key beach gatishil antahkriya aur mahatvapurna tapman seey neeche uttejanaon key sahaj crum key liye.)
saamoohik bhed kaa bachcha, vacuum utaar-chadhaav key saath baatchit karane vaale parmaanuon kii pranali seey sambandhit, akele parmaanuon kii urjaaon aur vacuum key saath tulaniya hoe jaataa haye.
utaar-chadhaav padaarth key swatahsfurt aatm-uttejana kaa kaaran banate hain.
dou-stariya paramanu parr lagu holstein-primacoff parivartan key upayog seey sankraman koo aasaani seey samajha jaa sakata haye. 
iss parivartan key parinamswarup, paramanu lorentz harmonic ausilator bunn jaate hain. 
oorjaa staron key beach key antar key barabar aavrittiyon key saath. phir poori pranali parmaanuon key antahkriyaasheel harmonic ausilator kii pranali koo saral banaati haye, aur hopfield dielectric key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa kshetra joe samanya sthiti mein aage bhavishyavani kartaa haye. 
photon yaa dhruviya key liye dhruv.
yadi kshetra key saath antahkriya itani majboot haye kii pranali harmonic sanniktan mein gir jaati haye 
aur jatil dhruviya aavrittiyaan (naram mode) dikhaai detee hain, phir uchch crum key araikhik shabdon key saath bhautik pranali
maxican topi jaisi kshamata key saath pranali bunn jaati haye, aur isase gujarna hoga 
ferroelectric-jaise charan sankraman.
iss model mein, pranali ganitiya roop seey trojan tarang paiket key liye uttejana key ack mode key liye samatulya haye, 
jaba golakar dhruvikrit kshetra kii teevrata vidyut chumbakiya yugman sthiraank seey mell khaati haye. mahatvapurna moolya key oopar, yeh ayanan kii asthir gati mein badal jaataa haye.
atee vikiran charan sankraman ack vyaapak charcha kaa vishay thaa kii kyaa yeh kewal padaarth-kshetra paraspar kriya key saralikrit model kaa parinam haye yaa naheen; aur kyaa yeh bhautik pranaliyon key vaastavik bhautik maapdandon key liye hoe sakata haye (ack noo-goo pramey). haalaanki, mool vyutpatti aur baad key sudhaar donon sankraman key astitva key binaa-harmonic ausilator key liye aavashyak asamaanta koo asambhav nakaratmakta key liye radd karane vaale thomas-reeche-kuhn yog niyam key kaaran-iss dhaarana parr adharit they kii quantum kshetra sanchaalak sankhyaaen commute curr rahey hain, aur paramanu sthir kulamb balon key saath baatchit naheen karate hain. yeh aam taur parr bohr-vaine leuven pramey aur landau diamagnetism key shaastriya gair-astitva key mamle mein sach naheen haye. nakaratmak parinam vidyut chumbakiya kshetra-mamle kii paraspar kriya key saral quantum prakashiki model kaa upayog karane kaa parinam bhee they, lekin 
adhik yathaarthvaadi sanghanit padaarth model naheen jaise kii udaaharan key liye superconductivity model 
bee. see. lekin pahale saamoohik dhruvikaran praapt karane key liye photon dwara pratisthaapit phonon key saath. sankraman kii vaapsee mool roop seey isaliye hoti haye kyonki antar-paramanu dwidhruv-dwidhruv yaa aam taur parr electron-electron kulamb antahkriya sanghanit mein kabhi bhee nagany naheen hoti haye aur atee vikiran padaarth ghanatva shasson mein aur bhee adhik hoti haye aur shakti-zienaau ekaatmak parivartan nyuntam-yugman mein quantum vector kshamata koo samaapt kartaa haye. vaikalpik roop seey vidyut chumbakiya kshetra sahit poorna quantum yantriki key bheetar saamaanyikrit bohr-vaine leuven pramey kaam naheen kartaa haye aur
vidyut chumbakiya antahkriyaon koo poori tarah seey samaapt naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, jabaki way kewal sootra _ 1 vector sambhaavit yugman koo vidyut kshetra sootra _ 2 yugman mein badalate hain aur prabhaavi vidyutsthaitik antahkriyaon koo badalate hain. ise boses-einstein condenset jaisi model pranaliyon mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. 
aur kritrim paramanu.
siddhant.
raikhik jaine-cumming model kii mahatvapurnata.
ack atee vikiran charan sankraman kii aupchaarik roop seey anunaad jaine-cummings model key mahatvapurna vyavhaar dwara bhavishyavani kii jaati haye, joe vidyut chumbakiya kshetra key ack mode key saath kewal ack paramanu kii baatchit kaa varnan kartaa haye.
resonance mein jaine-cummings model key sateek hamiltonian seey shuru
dou spin staron key liye holstein-primacoff parivartan koo lagu karna, 
spin rising aur loving operators koo harmonic ausilators key liye pratisthaapit karein
ack koo dou yugmit harmonic-ausilator kaa hamiltonian milata haih
jise aasaani seey vikarn kiya jaa sakata haye.
apane samanya roop koo pradarshit karna 
kahaan
ack koo igenvalue sameekaran milata haye
samadhanon key saath
pranali taba dhwast hoe jaati haye jaba ack aavritti kaalpanik hoe jaati haye, i.ee. kaba
yaa jaba paramanu-kshetra yugman mode aur paramanu ausilator kii aavritti seey adhik majboot hotaa haye.
jabaki vaastavik pranali mein bhautik roop seey uchch shartein hain, isaliye iss vyavastha mein vyavastha seey gujarna hoga 
charan parivartan.
jaine-cummings model kii mahatvapurnata.
jaine-cummings model kaa saralikrit hamiltonian, counter-rotating shabdon kii upeksha karate hue, haye
aur shoonya prithakkaran key mamle key liye oorjaaen hain
jahan sootra _ 16 rubby aavritti haye.
koee bhee lagbhag vihit vibhajan kaary kii ganana curr sakata haye.
jahan asatat raashi koo samakalan dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
samanya drishtikon yeh haye kii baad vaale samakalan kii ganana aspas key gausi sanniktan dwara kii jaati haye.
ghatank kaa adhikatamah
yeh mahatvapurna sameekaran kii or leey jaataa haye
iska samadhan kewal tabhi haye jaba
jiska arth haye kii samanya aur atee vikiran charan kewal tabhi maujood haye jaba kshetra-paramanu yugman kaafee majboot hoe. 
paramanu staron key beach oorjaa antar kii tulanaa mein.
jaba shart poori hoe jaati haye, tou sameekaran key vyutkram key aadhar parr crum mapdand sootra _ 22 key liye samadhan detaa haye. 
tapman sootra _ 23, jiska arth haye gair-lupt krambaddh kshetra mode.
isi tarah key vichaar parmaanuon kii anant sankhya kii vaastavik ushmaagatiki seema mein kiye jaa sakate hain.
shaastriya sthir vidyut model kii asthirta.
atee vikiran charan sankraman kii prakriti key saath-saath mahatvapurna mapdand key bhautik moolya parr behtar antardrishti joe paar kii jaani chaahiye 
sankraman honey key liye 3 dee sthaan mein aaveshit shaastriya harmonic ausilator kii pranali kii shaastriya sthirata kaa adhyayan karke praapt kiya jaa sakata haye joe kewal sthir vidyut balon key saath baatchit kartaa haye, udaaharan key liye sthaaniya harmonic ausilator kshamata mein electrons key beach. atee vikiran key mool model key bavjood quantum vidyut chumbakiya kshetra yahaan poori tarah seey upekshit haye. ausilator koo sanghanit padaarth key chrystal system key anuroop jaali sthir sootra _ 24 key saath ghana jaali parr rakhaa jaa sakata haye.
ack chune hue electron key 6vein nikatatam padosiyon seey dou samtal gati-sthir karane vaale electrons kii anupasthiti key dosh kaa badatar paridrishya maanaa jaataa haye, jabaki chaar nikatatam electrons koo pahale antariksh mein kathor maanaa jaataa haye aur sabhi paanch electrons key samtal key lambavat disha mein virodhi-harmonic kshamata kaa utpaadan karate hain. chune gaye electron kii gati kii asthirta kii sthiti yeh haye kii shuddh kshamata kii atee sthiti
harmonic ausilator kshamata aur chaar electrons seey chaturbhuj roop seey vistaarit coolomb kshamata nakaratmak i haye.ee.
yaa
ansh aur ansh key bhaajak koo sootra _ 27 seey gunaa karke ise kritrim roop seey quantum banaana ack praapt kartaa haye 
sthiti 
kahaan 
yeh bhoo-avastha aur quantum harmonic ausilator kii pahali uttejit sthiti key beach dvidhruviya sankraman shakti kaa varg haye, 
kyaa lagaatar staron key beach oorjaa antar haye aur yeh bhee dekhaa jaataa haye kii 
ausilator kaa sthaanik ghanatva haye.
sthiti lagbhag isi tarah kii haye joe superradient charan sankraman kii mool khoj mein praapt kii gaee thee jaba harmonic ausilator koo dou star key parmaanuon key saath oorjaa staron, dvidhruviya sankraman shakti aur ghanatva key beach samaan doori key saath pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye jiska arth haye kii yeh shasson mein hotaa haye. 
jaba electrons key beach coolomb antahkriya parmaanuon key sthaaniya roop seey harmonic ausilatory prabhaav parr haavi hoti haye. yeh mukt mahsoos kartaa haye 
sootra _ 32 key saath electron gais
yeh vishuddh roop seey superradient bhee haye. 
mahatvapurna asamaanta koo phir seey likhaa gayaa lekin alag tarah seey
iss tathya koo vyakt kartaa haye kii atee vikiran charan sankraman taba hotaa haye jaba badhyakari paramanu ausilator kii aavritti cumm hoti haye 
jise electron gais plasma aavritti kahaa jaataa haye.

