
paaramparik khanan

paaramparik khanan, jise puraane-school khanan key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack khanan vidhi haye jisamen faavade, picaux, hathaude, chheni aur paine jaise saral haath seey banaae gaye upkaranon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. yeh satah aur bhoomigat donon vatavaranon mein kiya jaataa haye. 1900 key dashak kii shuruat taka, paaramparik khanan kaa vyaapak roop seey duniya bhar mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa. yeh abhee bhee kuchh deshon mein ack upayog kii jaane vaali khanan vidhi haye, jisamen dakshin america mein columbia aur peru aur africa mein niger shamil hain. 
paaramparik satah aur bhoomigat khanan mein, picaux aur faavadon key saath hathaudon aur chheni kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. khanan kii prakriya mein khanij aur anya samagriyon koo sthanantarit karane key liye minecart kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. paine kaa upayog placer khanan karyon key liye kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii gold panning. 
chattan koo todane kii paaramparik vidhi aag lagaane kii thee, jisamen chattan koo failaane key liye usey aag seey germ karna shamil thaa. ack baar jaba chattan koo aag seey germ kiya jaataa thaa tou ise todane key liye paani seey bujhaa diyaa jaataa thaa. 1867 taka jaba alfred nobel ney dynamite kaa aavishkaar kiya, taba taka agni-nirdhaaran sabse prabhaavi chattan todane key tarikon mein seey ack thaa.
paaramparik khanan karyon ney prithvi parr kuchh sabse badee hastanirmit visheshtaon kaa nirmaan kiya haye, jaise kii dakshin africa mein badey chhed vaali khuli gaddhe vaali khadaan, jise haath seey khudai kiye gaye prithvi parr sabse badey chhed honey kaa daavaa kiya jaataa haye.

