
file sthanantaran protocol

file sthanantaran protocol (aff. tii. pee.) ack maanak sanchaar protocol haye jiska upayog computer network parr server seey client koo computer faailon key hastaantaran key liye kiya jaataa haye. aff. tii. pee. client-server model vastukala parr banaaya gayaa haye jisamen client aur server key beach alag niyantran aur detta connection kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. aff. tii. pee. upayogkarta ack spasht-paath saain-inn protocol key saath khud koo pramaanit curr sakate hain, aam taur parr ack upayogkarta naam aur password key roop mein, lekin yadi server ise anumati dene key liye configure kiya gayaa haye tou gumnam roop seey juda sakate hain. upayogkarta naam aur password kii raksha karane vaale surakshit sancharan key liye, aur samagri koo kootbaddh karane key liye, aff. tii. pee. koo aksar aiss. aiss. ell./tii. ell. aiss. (aff. tii. pee. aiss.) key saath surakshit kiya jaataa haye yaa aiss. aiss. aich. file sthanantaran protocol (aiss. aff. tii. pee.) key saath pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye.
pahale aff. tii. pee. client anuprayog sanchaalan pranaliyon key graphical upayogkarta interfaces seey pahale vikasit kamaand-line prograam they, aur abhee bhee adhikansh khidakiyon, unix aur linux operating system key saath bheje jaate hain. taba seey desktop, server, mobile upkaran aur hardware key liye kaee samarpit aff. tii. pee. client aur swachaalan upayogitaon koo vikasit kiya gayaa haye, aur aff. tii. pee. koo aich. tii. aim. ell. sampadakon aur file prabandhakon jaise utpaadaktaa anuprayogon mein shamil kiya gayaa haye.
ack aff. tii. pee. client aamtaur parr web brouser mein ekikrit kiya jaataa thaa, jahan file server koo yuu. aar. aaee. upsarg "cock _ 1" key saath brouse kiya jaataa haye. 2021 key dauran, dou pramukh web brouser vikretaon ney iss kshamata koo hataa diyaa. aff. tii. pee. protocol key liye samarthan pahali baar janwari 2021 mein googal crome 88 mein aksham kiya gayaa thaa, usake baad aprail 2021 mein firefox 88.0 ney julaai 2021 mein, firefox 90 ney poori tarah seey aff. tii. pee. koo hataa diyaa, aur googal ney octuber 2021 mein iska anusaran kiya, poori tarah seey googal crome 95 mein aff. tii. pee. koo hataa diyaa.
aff. tii. pee. sarvaron kaa itihas.
file sthanantaran protocol key liye mool vinirdesh abhay bhushan dwara likhaa gayaa thaa aur 16 aprail 1971 koo prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. 1980 taka, aff. tii. pee. tii. see. pee./aaee. pee. key poorvavarti aine. see. pee. parr chalata thaa. protocol koo baad mein ack tcp/ips sanskaran, (juuna 1980) aur (octuber 1985), vartamaan vinirdesh dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. kaee prastaavit manakon mein sanshodhan, udaaharan key liye (farwari 1994) firewall-anukool aff. tii. pee. (nishkriya mode) koo saksham banaata haye, (juuna 1997) suraksha vistaar kaa prastaav kartaa haye, (sitambar 1998) aaee. pee. vee. 6 key liye samarthan jodata haye aur ack nae prakaar key nishkriya mode koo paribhaashit kartaa haye.
protocol avalokan.
sanchaar aur detta hastaantaran.
aff. tii. pee. sakriya yaa nishkriya mode mein chala sakata haye, joe yeh nirdhaarit kartaa haye kii detta connection kaise sthaapit kiya jaataa haye. ("mode" kaa yeh arth aff. tii. pee. protocol mein mode kamaand seey alag haye.)
donon mode koo sitambar 1998 mein aaee. pee. vee. 6 kaa samarthan karane key liye adyatan kiya gayaa thaa. usa samay nishkriya mode mein aage key parivartanon koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa, ise "vistaarit nishkriya mode" mein adyatan kiya gayaa thaa.
server ack vaikalpik paath sandesh key saath aeye. aiss. see. aaee. aaee. mein teen ankon key sthiti code key saath niyantran connection parr pratikriya detaa haye. udaaharan key liye, "200" (yaa "200 thheek haye") kaa arth haye kii antim adesh safal rhaa. sankhyaaen pratikriya key liye code kaa pratinidhitva karati hain aur vaikalpik paath ack maanav-pathaniya spashteekaran yaa anurodh (ee.jee. <file koo sangraheet karane key liye khaate kii aavashyakta haye>). detta connection parr file detta key chala rahey hastaantaran koo niyantran connection parr bheje gaye ack interrupt sandesh kaa upayog karke nirast kiya jaa sakata haye.
aff. tii. pee. koo dou bandargaahon (ack bhejane key liye aur ack praapt karane key liye) kii aavashyakta hoti haye kyonki ise mool roop seey network niyantran protocol (aine. see. pee.) key sheersh parr sanchaalit karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa, joe ack simplexes protocol thaa jisamen dou port paton kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, dou connection sthaapit karane key liye, dou-tarfa sanchaar key liye. pratyek anuprayog parat anuprayog yaa protocol key liye ack visham aur ack summ port aarakshit thaa. tcp aur udp key mankikaran ney pratyek anuprayog key liye dou simplexes port key upayog kii aavashyakta koo ack duplexes port taka cumm curr diyaa, lekin ftp protocol koo kabhi bhee kewal ack port kaa upayog karane key liye naheen badala gayaa, aur peechhe kii sangatata key liye dou kaa upayog karna jaari rakhaa.
nett aur firewall traversal.
aff. tii. pee. aam taur parr server koo client seey vaapas jodkar detta sthanantarit kartaa haye, jaba port kamaand client dwara bheja jaataa haye. yeh nats aur firewall donon key liye samasyagrast haye, joe internet seey aantarik mejbaanon kii or connection kii anumati naheen dete hain. nats key liye, ack atirikt jatilata yeh haye kii port kamaand mein ips patey aur port sankhya kaa pratinidhitva saarvajanik ips patey aur nait key port key bajaay aantarik host key ips patey aur port koo sandarbhit kartaa haye.
iss samasya koo hull karane key liye dou tareeke hain. ack yeh haye kii aff. tii. pee. client aur aff. tii. pee. server paswa kamaand kaa upayog karate hain, jisase aff. tii. pee. client seey server taka detta connection sthaapit hotaa haye. iska vyaapak roop seey aadhunik aff. tii. pee. grahakon dwara upayog kiya jaataa haye. ack anya drishtikon haye kii iss uddeshya key liye ack anuprayog-star getway kaa upayog karke port kamaand key moolyon koo badalane key liye nait.
detta prakaar.
network parr detta sthanantarit karate samay, chaar detta prakaar paribhaashit kiye jaate hainh
dhyaan dein kii inn detta prakaron koo aamtaur parr "mode" kahaa jaataa haye, halanki aspasht roop seey usa shabd kaa upayog sakriya-banaam-nishkriya sanchaar mode (oopar dekhein), aur aff. tii. pee. protocol mode kamaand (neeche dekhein) dwara nirdhaarit mode koo sandarbhit karane key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye.
paath faailon key liye (aeye aur ee prakaar), teen alag-alag praarup niyantran vikalp pradaan kiye gaye hain, taaki file koo kaise mudrit kiya jaayega, ise niyantrit kiya jaa sakeh
yeye praarup mukhya roop seey line printer key liye praasangik they; adhikansh samkaaleen aff. tii. pee. client/server kewal aine key default praarup niyantran kaa samarthan karate hain.
file sanrachanaaen.
file sangathan koo stru kamaand kaa upayog karke nirdisht kiya gayaa haye. nimnalikhit file sanrachanaon koo aar. aff. see. 959 kii dhaara 3.1.1 mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haih
adhikansh samkaaleen aff. tii. pee. client aur server kewal stru aff. kaa samarthan karate hain. strur aar abhee bhee mainframe aur mini computer file hastaantaran anuprayogon mein upayog mein haye.
detta hastaantaran mode.
detta hastaantaran teen tarikon mein seey kissy mein bhee kiya jaa sakata haih
adhikansh samkaaleen aff. tii. pee. client aur server mode bee yaa mode see koo lagu naheen karate hain; aff. tii. pee. client aur mainframe aur mini computer operating system key liye server isake apavaad hain.
kuchh aff. tii. pee. software ack deflate-adharit sampeedit mode koo bhee lagu karate hain, jise kabhi-kabhi kamaand key baad "mode jaid" kahaa jaataa haye joe ise saksham kartaa haye. iss mode koo ack internet draft mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin maankeekrit naheen thaa.
gridftp atirikt mode, mode ee aur mode aiks koo mode bee key vistaar key roop mein paribhaashit kartaa haye.
atirikt adesh.
aff. tii. pee. key haal key karyanvayan "sanshodhit tathyah sanshodhan samay" (aim. aff. aim. tii.) adesh kaa samarthan karate hain, joe ack client koo usa file visheshta koo doorasth roop seey samaayojit karane kii anumati detaa haye, jisase faailon koo upload karate samay usa visheshta key sanrakshan koo saksham kiya jaa sakata haye.
doorasth file timestamp koo punah praapt karane key liye, "aim. dee. tii. aim" kamaand haye. kuchh server (aur client) dou tarkon key saath "aim. dee. tii. aim." kamaand key gair-maanak vakyavinyas kaa samarthan karate hain, joe "aim. aff. aim. tii." key samaan kaam kartaa haye."
logg inn karein.
aff. tii. pee. login pahunch pradaan karane key liye samanya upayogkarta naam aur password yojana kaa upayog kartaa haye. upayogkarta naam upayogkarta adesh kaa upayog karke server koo bheja jaataa haye, aur password paas kamaand kaa upayog karke bheja jaataa haye. yeh anukram "taar parr" apramaanit haye, isaliye network soonghane vaale hamale key liye asurakshit hoe sakata haye. yadi graahak dwara pradaan kii gaee jaankaari server dwara sweekaar kii jaati haye, tou server graahak koo abhivaadan bhejega aur satra shuru hoe jaayega. yadi server iska samarthan kartaa haye, tou upayogkarta logg inn credentials pradaan kiye binaa logg inn curr sakate hain, lekin vahee server aise satron key liye kewal seemit pahunch koo adhikrit curr sakata haye.
anaam aff. tii. pee.
ack mezban joe ack aff. tii. pee. seva pradaan kartaa haye, vaha anaam aff. tii. pee. pahunch pradaan curr sakata haye. upayogkarta naam key liye sanket diye jaane parr upayogkarta aamtaur parr ack 'anaam' (kuchh aff. tii. pee. sarvaron mein chhote-akshar aur mamle-samvedansheel) khaate key saath seva mein logg inn karate hain. haalaanki upayogkartaon koo aamtaur parr password key bajaay apana email pataa bhejane key liye kahaa jaataa haye, lekin vaastav mein aapoorti kiye gaye detta parr koee satyapan naheen kiya jaataa haye. kaee aff. tii. pee. mezban jinka uddeshya software adyatan pradaan karna haye, way anaam login kii anumati denge.
HTTP seey antar.
aich. tii. pee. anivarya roop seey aff. tii. pee. mein bugg koo thheek kartaa haye jisase web prishthon mein vishisht roop seey kaee chhote alpakaalik hastantaranon key liye upayog karna asuvidhajanak hoe jaataa haye.
aff. tii. pee. mein ack rajyavyapi niyantran connection hotaa haye joe ack vartamaan kaaryasheel nirdeshika aur anya jhandon koo banaae rakhta haye, aur pratyek hastaantaran key liye ack maadhyamik connection kii aavashyakta hoti haye jisake madhyam seey detta sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye. nishkriya" mode mein yeh dwiteeyak connection client seey server taka haye, jabaki default "sakriya" mode mein yeh connection server seey client taka haye. sakriya mode mein honey parr yeh spasht bhoomika ulat jaati haye, aur sabhi sthanantaranon key liye yaadrichhik port sankhya, yahee kaaran haye kii firewall aur nett getway mein aff. tii. pee. key saath itna kathin samay hotaa haye. aich. tii. pee. rajyaviheen aur bahu-shreni niyantran haye aur ack ekal connection parr client seey server taka key gyaat port nambaron parr detta haye, joe samanya roop seey nett getway seey gujarta haye aur firewall key liye prabandhan karane key liye saral haye.
sabhi aavashyak aadeshon koo bhejane aur pratikriyaon kii prateeksha karane mein round-trip deree key kaaran ack aff. tii. pee. niyantran connection sthaapit karna kaafee dheema haye, isaliye ack niyantran connection laana aur ise kaee file hastaantaran key liye khula rakhna prathaagat haye, bajaay isake kii harr baar satra koo phir seey sthaapit kiya jaae. isake vipareet, aich. tii. tii. pee. ney mool roop seey pratyek hastaantaran key baad connection chhod diyaa kyonki aisaa karna bahut sastaa thaa. jabaki aich. tii. tii. pee. ney baad mein kaee sthanantaranon key liye tii. see. pee. connection kaa punah upayog karane kii kshamata praapt kii haye, vaichaarik model abhee bhee ack satra key bajaay swatantra anurodhon kaa haye.
jaba aff. tii. pee. detta connection parr sthanantarit hoe rhaa hotaa haye, tou niyantran connection nishkriya hotaa haye. yadi sthanantaran mein bahut adhik samay lagata haye, tou firewall yaa nett yeh taya curr sakata haye kii niyantran connection samaapt hoe gayaa haye aur ise track karna bund curr sakata haye, prabhaavi roop seey connection koo toda sakata haye aur download koo bhramit curr sakata haye. ekal aich. tii. pee. connection anurodhon key beach kewal nishkriya haye aur yeh samanya haye aur iss tarah key connection key liye samay samaapt honey key baad chhodane kii ummeed haye.
software samarthan.
web brouser.
lambe samay taka, adhikansh aam web brouser aff. tii. pee. sarvaron parr host kii gaee faailon koo punah praapt karane mein saksham they, halanki unamen seey sabhi key paas aff. tii. pee. aiss. jaise protocol extension key liye samarthan naheen thaa. jaba ack aff. tii. pee.-ack aich. tii. tii. pee.-yuu. aar. ell. key bajaay aapoorti kii jaati haye, tou doorasth server parr sulabh samagri koo iss tarah seey prastut kiya jaataa haye joe anya web samagri key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale tareeke key samaan haye. 
googal crome ney poori tarah seey crome 88 mein aff. tii. pee. samarthan koo hataa diyaa, joe anya chromium-adharit brouser jaise kii microsoft aij koo bhee prabhaavit kartaa haye. firefox 88 ney default roop seey aff. tii. pee. samarthan koo aksham curr diyaa, firefox 90 key saath poori tarah seey samarthan chhod diyaa.
firefox ack bund brouser extension haye jise firefox key bheetar chalaane key liye ack poorna-visheshta vaale aff. tii. pee. client key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa, lekin jaba firefox ney aff. tii. pee. key liye samarthan chhod diyaa tou extension developer ney waterfox kaa upayog karane kii sifarish kii. kuchh brouser, jaise kii paath-adharit links, abhee bhee aff. tii. pee. kaa samarthan karate hain.
vaakya rachana.
aff. tii. pee. yuu. aar. ell. vaakya rachana kaa varnan iss roop mein kiya gayaa haih cock _ 2 (koshthak vaale bhaag vaikalpik hain).
udaaharan key liye, url ftph// public.aff. tii. pee.-server.udaaharan key liye.comm/mydirectory/myfile.txt "myfile" file kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye.server parr "mydirectory" nirdeshika seey "saarvajanik" txt.aff. tii. pee.-server.udaaharan key liye.comm "ack aff. tii. pee. sansaadhan key roop mein. url ftph// upayogkarta001: secretpassword@private.aff. tii. pee.-server.udaaharan key liye.comm/mydirectory/myfile.tXT upayogkarta naam aur password kaa ack vinirdesh jodata haye jiska upayog iss sansaadhan taka pahunchane key liye kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
upayogkarta naam aur password nirdisht karane key baare mein adhik vivaran brouser key dastavejikaran mein paaya jaa sakata haye (jaise.jee.firefox aur internet explorer). default roop seey, adhikansh web brouser nishkriya (paswa) mode kaa upayog karate hain, joe adhik aasaani seey antim-upayogkarta firewall koo paar curr jaataa haye.
una mamalon mein vibhinn brouser path samadhan kaa ilaaj kaise karate hain, jisamen kuchh bhinnata maujood haye, jahaan ack upayogkarta key liye gair-mool grih nirdeshika haye.
download prabandhak.
adhikansh aam download prabandhak aff. tii. pee. server parr host kii gaee faailon koo praapt curr sakate hain, jabaki unamen seey kuchh aff. tii. pee. server parr host kii gaee faailon koo punah praapt karane key liye interfaces bhee dete hain. download studio naa kewal aff. tii. pee. server seey ack file download karane kii anumati detaa haye, balki aff. tii. pee. server parr faailon kii soochi bhee dekhane kii anumati detaa haye.
anya.
libreophis aff. tii. pee. sarvaron seey file kholane kaa samarthan kartaa haye, lekin 7.4 release seey, iss suvidha koo aprachalit label kiya gayaa haye, aur developers ise bhavishya key sanskaran mein hataane kaa irada rakhate hain.
suraksha.
aff. tii. pee. koo ack surakshit protocol key roop mein design naheen kiya gayaa thaa, aur isamen kaee suraksha kamjoriyaan hain. maee 1999 mein, lekhakon ney nimnalikhit samasyaon key prati ack bhedyata koo soochibaddh kiyaah
aff. tii. pee. apane yatayat koo kootbaddh naheen kartaa haye; sabhi prasaran spasht paath mein hotey hain, aur upayogkarta naam, password, adesh aur detta koo network parr paiket capture (soonghane) karane mein saksham koee bhee vyakti padh sakata haye. yeh samasya kaee internet protocol vinirdeshon (jaise kii aiss. aim. tii. pee., telnet, popp aur aaee. aim. aeye. pee.) key liye aam haye joe tii. ell. aiss. yaa aiss. aiss. ell. jaise kootlekhan tantra key nirmaan seey pahale design kiye gaye they.
iss samasya key samanya samadhanon mein shamil hainh
aff. tii. pee. aiss. aich. parr.
aff. tii. pee. over shh. ack surakshit khol connection parr ack samanya aff. tii. pee. satra koo surang banaane kaa abhyaas haye. kyonki aff. tii. pee. kaee tii. see. pee. connections kaa upayog kartaa haye (ack tii. see. pee./aaee. pee. protocol key liye asamanya joe abhee bhee upayog mein haye), vishesh roop seey aiss. aiss. aich. parr surang banaana mushkil haye. kaee aiss. aiss. aich. grahakon key saath, niyantran channel key liye ack surang sthaapit karane kaa prayaas (port 21 parr praarambhik client-too-server connection) kewal usa channel kii raksha karega; jaba detta sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye, tou aff. tii. pee. software donon chhoron parr nae tii. see. pee. connection (detta channel) sett kartaa haye aur iss prakaar koee gopaniyata yaa akhandata suraksha naheen hoti haye.
anyatha, aiss. aiss. aich. client software key liye aff. tii. pee. protocol kaa vishisht gyaan honah, aff. tii. pee. niyantran channel sandeshon kii nigrani aur punarlekhan karna aur aff. tii. pee. detta chainalon key liye swaayatt roop seey nae paiket agreshan koo kholna aavashyak haye. iss mode kaa samarthan karane vaale software packages mein shamil hainh
aff. tii. pee. over aiss. aiss. aich. koo aiss. aiss. aich. file transfer protocol (aiss. aff. tii. pee.) key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
vyutpann.
aff. tii. pee. aiss..
spasht aff. tii. pee. aff. tii. pee. maanak kaa ack vistaar haye joe grahakon koo aff. tii. pee. satron koo kootbaddh karane kaa anurodh karane kii anumati detaa haye. yeh "authls" adesh bhejkar kiya jaataa haye. server key paas una connections koo anumati dene yaa aswikar karane kaa vikalp haye joe tls kaa anurodh naheen karate hain. iss protocol vistaar koo paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. antarnihit aff. tii. pee. aff. tii. pee. key liye ack purana maanak haye jisake liye aiss. aiss. ell. yaa tii. ell. aiss. connection kaa upayog aavashyak haye. ise saade aff. tii. pee. kii tulanaa mein alag-alag bandargaahon kaa upayog karane key liye nirdisht kiya gayaa thaa.
aiss. aiss. aich. file sthanantaran protocol.
aiss. aiss. aich. file sthanantaran protocol (kalanukramik roop seey dou protocol mein seey doosara sankshipt aiss. aff. tii. pee.) faailon koo sthanantarit kartaa haye aur upayogkartaon key liye ack samaan kamaand sett haye, lekin faailon koo sthanantarit karane key liye surakshit shale protocol (aiss. aiss. aich.) kaa upayog kartaa haye. aff. tii. pee. key vipareet, yeh aadeshon aur detta donon koo kootbaddh kartaa haye, password aur samvedansheel jaankaari koo network parr khule taur parr preshit honey seey rokta haye. yeh aff. tii. pee. software key saath antar-sanchaalit naheen hoe sakata haye, halanki kuchh aff. tii. pee. client software aiss. aiss. aich. file transfer protocol key liye bhee samarthan pradaan kartaa haye.
tuchchh file sthanantaran protocol.
tuchchh file sthanantaran protocol (tii. aff. tii. pee.) ack saral, lock-step aff. tii. pee. haye joe ack client koo ack file praapt karane yaa ack doorasth host parr ack file rakhane kii anumati detaa haye. iska ack praathamik upayog sthaaniya kshetra network seey boot karane key praarambhik charanon mein haye, kyonki tii. aff. tii. pee. koo lagu karna bahut saral haye. tii. aff. tii. pee. mein suraksha kaa abhaav haye aur adhik majboot file sthanantaran protocol jaise file hastaantaran protocol dwara pradaan kii jaane vaali adhikansh unnat suvidhaaen hain. tii. aff. tii. pee. koo pahali baar 1981 mein maankeekrit kiya gayaa thaa aur protocol key liye vartamaan vinirdesh mein paaya jaa sakata haye.
saral file sthanantaran protocol.
saral file sthanantaran protocol (pahala sankshipt protocol aiss. aff. tii. pee.), jaisa kii paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, koo tii. aff. tii. pee. aur aff. tii. pee. key beach jatilata key star key saath ack (asurakshit) file hastaantaran protocol key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa. ise internet parr kabhi bhee vyaapak roop seey sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa thaa, aur abb ise aaee. ee. tii. aff. dwara aitihaasik darja diyaa gayaa haye. yeh port 115 key madhyam seey chalata haye, aur aksar "aiss. aff. tii. pee". kii praarambhiktaa praapt kartaa haye. isamen 11 aadeshon kaa ack kamaand sett haye aur yeh teen prakaar key detta sancharan kaa samarthan kartaa haih aeye. aiss. see. aaee., dwiaadhaari aur nirantar. ack shabd aakar vaali pranaliyon key liye joe 8 bits kii ack bahu haye, dwiaadhaari aur nirantar kaa karyanvayan samaan haye. protocol upayogkarta ids aur password, padaanukramit folder aur file prabandhan (jisamen "naam badalana", "hataana", "upload karna", "download karna", "overrite key saath download karna" aur "parishisht key saath download karna" shamil haye) key saath logg inn kaa bhee samarthan kartaa haye.
aff. tii. pee. jawab code.
neeche aff. tii. pee. jawab code kaa saransh diyaa gayaa haye jise aff. tii. pee. server dwara vaapas kiya jaa sakata haye. inn kodon koo aaee. ee. tii. aff. dwara maankeekrit kiya gayaa haye. uttar code teen ankon kaa moolya haye. pahale ank kaa upayog teen sambhaavit parinamon mein seey ack koo ingit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye-safalata, viphalata, yaa ack truti yaa apoorna uttar koo ingit karane key liye.
doosara ank truti key prakaar koo paribhaashit kartaa haih
uttar code key teesare ank kaa upayog dusare ank dwara paribhaashit pratyek shreni key liye atirikt vivaran pradaan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.

