dhegihan pravaas

pracheen hege janjaati mein uttari americi bhaartiyon dwara paidal lambi yatra dhegihan pravaas aur algaav thaa. vartamaan ilinois/kentucky aur nebrasca taka key pravaas key dauran, way dheere-dheere paanch samoohon mein vibhajit hoe gaye. pratyek ack swatantra aur aitihaasik janjaati bunn gaee. way omaha, ponka, kaav yaa cons, oces aur quapau hain.
dhegiha" shabd sabhi paanch bhaaratiya janjaatiyon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye kyonki way ack dhegiha siuan bhasha bolate hain. sambandhit bhaashaon key alawa, way ack paitrik janjaati seey ack samanya utpatti key baare mein ack maukhik parampara saajha karate hain. inn janjaatiyon key liye alag honey kaa samay aur alag samoohon key roop mein unake astitva seey pahale kaa itihas kuchh bahas kaa vishay haye.
poorv-vibhajan.
kwapav, ponka, omaha, oces aur kaav ack parampara saajha karate hain, kii samay mein way ack loga they. iss daave koo rishtedaar samoohon (kulon) aur nikatata seey sambandhit bhaashaon key saath samaan adiwasi sangathan dwara samarthit kiya jaataa haye, halanki kuchh janjaatiyaan aitihaasik samay mein vyaapak roop seey bikhare hue theen. (ponka aur omaha nebrasca mein, kansas mein kaav, misauri mein oces mein buss gaye, jabaki arconsus quapau kii matribhoomi bunn gayaa.)
praarambhik janjaati key loga khud koo hoga kahate they. iska anuvaad "netaa" haye, jiska arth haye pichhali peedhiyaan yaa "poorvaj". way chhaal vaale gharon key gaanvon mein rahate they, mitty key bartan banaate they, shikaar karate they aur ikattha karate they aur thodi matra mein makai ugaate they. james owen dorsey, ellis cunningham fletcher, omaha indian francis laa fleshe aur anya ichchuk logon dwara ekatra kiye gaye adiwasi maukhik itihas key anusaar, praarambhik dhegiha loga nichali ohiyo nadee kii ghaati mein rahate they. 
yeh saajha parampara vivadaspad rahee haye. 1980 key anta mein, ise "aam taur parr peshevar puraatatvidon dwara aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. ack siddhant key anusaar, janjaatiyaan lambe samay seey mississippi nadee key paschim key kshetron mein nivasi theen, jahan gorey logon ney unakaa saamana kiya thaa. haalaanki, 1993 mein, susan vehik ney ack prerak tark diyaa kii puraatatva nishchit seey cumm thaa, aur maujooda dhegihan rashtron key maukhik itihas mississipian charan sanskritiyon aur cadoan visheshtaon kii kamee key saath samaantaon kaa milan karenge.
pravaas.
kissy kaaran seey janjaati ney 1673 seey pahale ohiyo nadee key neeche yatra shuru kii thee. pravaas purani sanskriti key tootane, makai ugaane key liye pratikool jalavaayu parivartan, mahamari aur/yaa eroquoyan aur algonquin indian key saath sangharsh kaa jawab hoe sakata haye.
yatra karate samay, way tambu mein rahate they aur aavaran key neeche pattharon seey surakshit they. choonki hogon ney nae kshetra mein pravesh kiya, isaliye pravaas kabhi-kabhi ack ghuspaith mein badal jaataa haye.
pravaas key liye alag-alag kalakram hain, jaisa kii neeche dekhaa gayaa haye. aisaa hoe sakata haye kii kuchh samoohon ney misauri/kahokia kshetra mein 500 esvi kii shuruat mein yatra kii. phir baaki loga baad mein aae, shayed kahokia dwara aakarshit. kahokia kaa tootana, aur/yaa purvi mool nivaasiyon kaa dabaav, achche key liye mississippi koo paar karane key liye prerana hoe sakata thaa, aur baaki chaalon koo neeche diye gaye vivaran key anusaar banaaya jaa sakata thaa. vaikalpik roop seey, yeh 1250 key aspas kahokia kaa tootana hoe sakata thaa jisane baaki dhegiha logon koo mississippi koo paar karane kii anumati dee. kissy bhee tarah seey, osaz, jaba apani antim "andolan" karate hain (mississippi key paar, osaz nadee taka) tou anya dhegiha logon seey mille, aur unhein janjaati mein jodd diyaa, jisase way europeeya logon key saath pahale sampark key samay key aadhunik osaz bunn gaye (osaz itihas una logon key baithak samoohon key baare mein bataata haye joe apani bhasha bolate they lekin alag-alag kaam karate they, honga yuu-taa-none-dee [alag prithvi key loga] aur tsi haa [aaney vaali aakhiri]).
pahala algaav.
ohiyo nadee key muhaane taka pahunchate hue, hoga ney twacha kii naukaaon mein mississippi nadee koo paar karna shuru curr diyaa. pahala algaav yahaan huaa. logon kaa ack hissa yaa tou purvi tata parr mississippi kaa dakshin kii or anusaran kartaa thaa yaa way dhaara key saath door chaley jaate they. way quapau bunn gaye, jiska arth haye nichale hisse key loga. joe loga paschimi tata parr nadee kii dhaara key khilaf gaye they, way omaha yaa oopar kii or key loga bunn gaye.
quapau maukhik itihas mein bataaya gayaa haye kii pahala algaav mississippi aur misauri nadiyon key sangam parr huaa thaa. yeh 1800 key dashak kii shuruat mein thomas natal key saath-saath anya logon koo bhee bataaya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, ponka bhee yeh kahata haye, headman dwara "prithvi parr chalana" dekhein. sirf isaliye kii ack naslavigyaani ney siddhant diyaa kii yeh mississippi parr sangam parr thaa aur ohiyo ise ack sateek bayaan naheen banaata haye.
kwapav janjaati kaa saamana 1541 mein mississippi key paas hernando dee soto dwara kiya gayaa hoe sakata haye. haalaanki, upalabdh saboot virodhabhasi hain (1938 mein, dee soto aayog ney nishkarsh nikala kii yeh kuchh tunica bhaaratiya they jinka unhone saamana kiya thaa).
sabse adhik sambhavana haye kii kwapav bhaaratiya haal hii mein nichale mississippi kshetra mein buss gaye they, jaba 1673 mein arconsus key muhaane key paas mississippi nadee key saath jack market aur luis joliette key francisi abhiyaan kaa saamana karna padaa thaa. 
ayova bhaaratiya loga hogon mein shamil hoe gaye honge aur unake saath mississippi koo paar curr gaye honge. anya vivaranon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii ayova pahali baar bhaaratiya pravasiyon seey nichale misauri yaa days moines nadee parr ack sthaan parr milaa aur unamen shamil hoe gayaa.
oopar kii or.
hoga kaa mukhya bhaag mississippi uttar kaa anusaran kartaa haye. way samay key saath alag hoe jaate aur oces, kaav, omaha aur ponka bunn jaate.
ack vivaran mein kahaa gayaa haye kii badaa samooh misauri nadee key muhaane taka pahuncha aur uska anusaran kiya. kuchh samay key liye, way vartamaan gasconade county aur oces county, misauri key kshetra mein rahate they. antatah, logon ney yatra jaari rakhee aur osaz nadee taka pahunch gaye. phir seey, samooh ney ack vibhajan kaa anubhav kiya. pashu scienues (dhaage aur taar key roop mein upayog kiya jaane vaalaa) key vibhajan parr asahamati iss vibhajan kaa kaaran bunny. kuchh logon ney oces nadee key madhyam seey agyaat desh kaa pataa lagaane kaa faisala kiya aur kramshah oces bhaaratiya aur kaav yaa cons bhaaratiya bunn gaye. hoe sakata haye kii kau ack samooh mein ikattha hue houn, vaapas laut aae houn, aur misauri nadee key uttar mein kansas nadee taka chaley gaye houn, jahan way buss gaye houn.
baad mein, arconsus mein oces aur quapau aam utpatti key bavjood dushmanon mein badal gaye. nebrasca mein omaha koo bhee samay key saath oces dwara shatrutapurna maanaa jaayega.
omaha, "gusse key mood" mein osaz/kaav samooh seey door chalate hue, misauri key dakshini taton kii yatra karate rahey. way chariton nadee key muhaane parr dusare tata parr chaley gaye.
minnesota mein pipestone khadaan key liye dou alag-alag maargon koo aage rakhaa gayaa haye. ack vivaran mein daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii loga pahale chariton nadee aur baad mein days moines nadee (maanchitra parr haraa maarg) kaa anusaran karate they. dusare sanskaran mein loga misauri nadee aur baad mein badey seox nadee (maanchitra parr narangi maarg) kii yatra karate hain.
ack aur alag pravaas kii kahani mein loga misauri (maanchitra parr peela maarg) key bajaay mississippi kii or jaate hain. days moines nadee key tata parr khade hocker, unhone iss sahayak nadee key srot kaa anusaran karane kaa munn banaa liya. yahaan seey, way aage badhe aur unhein catalinite khadaan millie.
pipestone khadaan key paas basti.
logon koo kshetra mein laal, kaam karane yogya catalinite milaa. unhone ack badey tukade key pavitra pipe kaa sir banaaya, baad mein ponka key adiwasi pipe kaa hissa bunn gaye. (ponka ney uttarpurvi nebrasca mein lambe pravaas koo samaapt curr diyaa, isase pahale kii way anta mein pipe mein tanaa banaa lein).
logon ney badee seox nadee key paas ack gaanv banaaya, shayed uttar-paschimi ayova mein rakt pravaah sthal parr. way seox (dakota) key vibhinn samoohon key hamale key tahat aae aur ack badee ladaai key baad basti koo chhod diyaa. johnn key. nichale yankatonai seox kii sardiyon kii ginati varsh 1685 key liye kahati haye, "sant dakota omaha janjaati key saath ladey they. kaee mritakon koo gaanv key paas ack chaude tealey mein dafnaya gayaa thaa.
1879 mein, yankton seox pramukh strike-dha-ree ney yuddh koo pipestone khadaan key paraspar virodhi daavon key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya.
phir seey chala rhaa haye.
loga dakshin kii or chaley gaye. phir, way misauri key oopar kii or uttar kii or badh rahey hain. way lakadi koo ack jheel mein ack pavitra khambhe parr kaatate hain. kuchh omah, lekin sabhi naheen, ney ise dakshin dakota mein jheel aur jheel key roop mein pahachaana. yeh 17veen shatabdi kii antim timahi mein kabhi huaa hoga.
shayed, loga taba badey seox key muhaane key paas ack jagah parr vaapas chaley gaye. misauri key poorv mein rahane vaale, way paschimi taton parr rahane vaale arikar bhaartiyon koo pareshan karate they. samay key saath, omaha badey seox parr ack nae gaanv mein buss gayaa aur yahaan arikar (aur cheyen aur otto key saath bhee) key saath shaanti sthaapit kii. arikar mahilaaon ney omaha koo prithvi key awas banaane key liye sikhaaya.
badaa seox nadee gaanv bhaaratiya hamale key adheen aaa gayaa. omaha, jisake baad abhee bhee ayova, shatrutapurna kshetra koo achche key liye chhod diyaa. saaree yatra abhee paidal thee.
francisi piyare-charles leey sueyar dwara dee gaee jaankaari seey pataa chalata haye kii cumm seey cumm 17veen shatabdi key anta seey pahale oopari badey seox parr kaheen omah kii upasthiti thee. 1714 key baad, francisi srot omaha bhaaratiya anya sthaanon kaa pataa lagaate hain.
ponka ack janjaati bunn jaati haye.
oopar kii or key loga phir seey uttar kii or chaley gaye aur dakshin dakota mein safed nadee key muhaane parr misauri nadee koo paar kiya. kuchh saboot yahaan pravaas key asthaayi thaharaav kii or ishara karate hain. aisaa lagata haye kii omaha kaa ponka kabila nae parivesh mein adhik swatantra hoe gayaa. jabaki isane paschim kii or bhoomi kii khoj kii, yaa tou ack kabile key roop mein yaa ack alag janjaati key roop mein, baaki omah aur ayova safed nadee patti mein rahey.
ponka ney ise kaali pahaadiyon taka pahunchaaya. way omaha aur ayova laut aae aur teenon samoohon ney misauri key neeche ack sanyukt yatra shuru kii.
ponka neobrara, nebrasca shahar key paas buss gaye. omaha aur ayova nadeeyen neeche kii or jaari raheen, lekin bhavishya mein nebrasca raajya mein bunny raheen. yeh antim aur sthaayi vibhajan 1714 aur 1718 key beach huaa hoga.
ponka gaanvon seey kaali pahaadiyon taka aur yahaan taka kii aage paschim kii lambi yaatraaen karega. kaali pahaadiyon kii ack yatra parr, unhone "padauka"-yaa tou maidani apaache yaa komanche indiance seey ladaai ladee. baad mein yeh ack yuddhaviram parr aaya, aur ponka koo padauka seey pahale ghode praapt hue. 
1785 mein pahali baar goron ney ponka janjaati kaa ullekh kiya. ack spanish dastaavez nebrasca key poorvottar koney key roop mein ponka matribhoomi koo sateek roop seey detaa haye.
algaav key baad.
omaha loga, kaav loga, oces rashtra, ponka aur quapau dekhein

