
cassidine

cassidine (kachhua aur patta-khanan bhring) patti bhring, yaa chrysomelidae kaa ack upa-parivaar haye. antina ack dusare key karib utpann hotaa haye aur kuchh sadasyon key paas sarvanam aur elitral kinare hotey hain joe buggle mein faile hotey hain aur pairon koo dhakte hain taaki unhein kachhue bhring kaa samanya naam diyaa jaa sakey. kuchh sadasya, jaise kii hispini janjaati mein, pronotum aur alitra key liye spinny outgroth key liye ullekhaniya hain.
varnan.
casidoids" mein sarvanam key kinaaron key saath ack goal ruprekha hoti haye aur altra vistaarit hoti haye, joe pairon aur sir koo dhakane key liye failati haye. way aksar rangeen aur dhaatu key hotey hain, alankrit murtikala key saath; kuchh prajaatiyon mein parbhasi chhalli key bheetar paani kii gatividhiyon key kaaran rung badalane kii kshamata hoti haye. upa-parivaar key sabhi sadasyon key munh key bhaag sir key capsule mein ack guha mein cumm hoe jaate hain, pairon mein chaar khandit tarsi hotey hain. hispoids mein larva hotey hain joe patti khanik hotey hain, jabaki casidoids paudhe kii satahon parr khaate hain, kabhi-kabhi apane shareer koo mull dhaal seey dhaka dete hain. halanki mull dhaal koo raksha pradaan karane key liye socha jaataa haye, lekin iss tarah kii bhoomika key liye koee saboot maujood naheen haye.
dou nikat sambandhit janjaatiyon (mesomphalini aur eugenesini, putative cyster taxes) mein kuchh prajaatiyan larva kii maatri dekhbhal dikhaati hain. inn prajaatiyon koo upa-samajik yaa parjivi key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, iss ack vansh key bheetar upa-samajikta kii dou vikaasvaadi utpatti honey kii or ishara karane vaale sakshya key saath.
vargeekaran.
isamen donon poorv upa-parivaar "hispine" (patta-khanan bhring) key saath-saath poorv adhik sankeern roop seey paribhaashit upa-parivaar cassidine (kachhue bhring key roop mein parichit) shamil hain joe abb kaee janjaatiyon mein vibhajit hain jinamen cassidini janjaati shamil haye, aur kull milakar 125 seey adhik vansh shamil hain. donon samoohon kaa paaramparik algaav anivarya roop seey larva key awas aur vayaskon key samanya aakaron parr adharit thaa. vilay kiye gaye upa-parivaar key liye cassidine naam koo prathamikta maanaa jaataa haye.
hispine" (kabhi-kabhi patti-khanan bhring, yaa "hispoids" kahaa jaataa haye) key poorv samooh mein alernini, anisoderini, aproidini, eresini, donon creonopini, calispini, kolohispini, cephalopini, kalepini, coelanominorini, cryptonichini, cubispini, eurispini, exothespini, gonophorini, hispini, hispoleptini, hybosyspini, leptispini, odiopalpini, oncocephalini, promicothesini, prosopodontini, scalopliny aur spillophorini janjaatiyaan shamil theen. inn janjaatiyon key adhikansh sadasya lambe, samanantar kinaaron key saath thode chapate bhring hain, aur unake chhote sir parr antenal aadhar ack saath hain. unamen aksar punctate altra aur pronotum hotey hain, kabhi-kabhi kinaaron parr aur donon taraf meru key saath. cassidine key poorv samooh (kabhi-kabhi kachhua bhring, yaa "casidoids" kahaa jaataa haye) mein aspidemorphiny, basiprionotini, cassidini, delocranini, dorinotini, eugenesini, goniochenini, hemispheroteini, mesomphalini, notosacanthini, omoserini aur physonotine janjaatiyaan shamil theen.
upa-parivaar key naam cassidine aur hispine donon kii sthaapana 1813 kii ack hii pustak mein gillenhaal dwara kii gaee haye, lekin pahale punareekshan key siddhant kaa paalan karate hue, iss mamle mein, cassidine naam koo prathamikta dee jaati haye.

