maxotricham chartaram

maxotricham chartaram ack manodagdh aur cellulolitic kavak haye jisaki khoj pahali baar 1823 mein germany mein gustave kunje dwara kii gaee thee. usa samay upalabdh jaankaari koo behtar dhang seey pratibimbit karane key liye isake vargeekaran mein kaee baar badalaav aaya haye. vartamaan mein, "aim. chartrum "koo ack ascomycet key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye joe alankrit reedh seey banaa ack vyayamshala seey ghiraa hotaa haye aur alaingik escospore chhodata haye. myxotrichacy parivaar key bheetar kavak mein cellulolitic prakriyaon kii upasthiti aam haye. "aim. chartaram "kaee" maxotricham "prajaatiyon mein seey ack haye joe kagaj aur kagaj key utpaadon koo kharaab karane key liye jaani jaati haye. aim" kaa pramaan. chartrum "redd spott" mould gathan, vishesh roop seey purani pustakon parr, vishva star parr paaya jaa sakata haye. natijatan, yeh kavak prajaati aur anya cellulolitic mould kalaa aur pustakon key puraane karyon koo khatare mein daal rahey hain. vartamaan mein, aisaa koee saboot naheen haye joe bataata haye kii myxotrichacy parivaar key bheetar kii prajaatiyan rogjanak hain.
itihas aur vargeekaran.
"maxotricham chartaram" kii khoj 1823 mein gustave kunje dwara naee prajaati "maxotricham", "maxotricham muroram mein ack anya prajaati key saath kii gaee thee.
pichhale kuchh varshon mein vargeekaran mein kaee sanshodhanon aur algaav kii kamee key kaaran "maxotricham" vansh key bheetar bahut bhram haye. antatah, genus, "maxotricham" escomycota kavak key saath judaa huaa hoe gayaa joe dematias hyphomycets hain, jinhen aamtaur parr kaale yeast yaa mould key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. sookshm star parr, inn kavak mein ack jaali jaisi aspas kii sanrachanaaen hoti hain, peridium, jisamen hook kiye gaye upang hotey hain.
ise galati seey neez dwara 1823 mein "onsidium" vansh mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, halanki vaha naam joe pahale seey hii orchid key ack vansh key liye upayog mein thaa, "maxotricham" koo prathamikta detaa thaa. 1838 mein, agast carle joseph cord ney "aim" vargeekrit kiya. chartrum "sporotriche parivaar mein ack hyphomycet key roop mein, kyonki iss parivaar seey sambandhit prajaatiyon mein hiran kii seengon seey milate-julate alankrit upang they. 1854 mein, corda ney "aim" koo alag curr diyaa. chartrum "myxotricham" seey nae sthaapit vansh "actinospira" mein, kyonki unakaa maanana thaa kii yeh escospore key bajaay shankudhari kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. 1959 mein, anya jaanchkartaon key beach, kuen ney parivaar gymnoscacy kii sthiti kii sameeksha kii aur "aim" rakhaa. chartrum "commisatus genus mein," maxotricham ", shankudhari roopon key liye nae sthaapit genus," maxotrichella "key bajaay.
1875 mein, fakal ney "aim" ghoshit kiya. chartrum "chatomium kunjenam" kaa shanku aakar honah. fries ney socha "aim. chartrum "chatomium chartrum" kaa ack shanku aakar thaa. unaki raay kaa samarthan 1897 mein baulengar ney kiya thaa. unake rahasyodghatan kii sthaapana sajawati baalon kii upasthiti key kaaran "chetomium" aur "maxotricham" kavak parivaaron key beach uchch samaantaa key kaaran hui thee. 1889 mein, richon ney socha "aim. chartrum "cephalotheca sulfuria" kaa shanku aakar thaa, joe bhaad mein jaane key daave koo khariz kartaa haye. 1891 mein, constantin ney dikhaaya kii "aim. chartrum "nae sthaapit parivaar seey sambandhit thaa, gymnoascasia parivaar key ascomysate, ascomysates key liye jinamen vaastavik clistothesia yaa perithesia kii kamee thee. 1892 mein, rebenhorst ney "aim" vargeekrit kiya. chartaram "crum gymnoscacy mein. baad mein 1893 mein scrotter dwara iska samarthan kiya gayaa thaa. fisher ney baad mein "aim" mein escospore key astitva koo pahachaana. chartrum, "lekin shanku sanrachanaon kii ack vishisht kamee. 1893 mein, schrotter ney parivaar gymnoascasia kii sameeksha kii aur anya visheshtaon kii parwah kiye binaa genus, "maxotricham" key bheetar binaa kissy upang key prajaatiyon koo rakhaa.
aim" key vibhinn roop. chartrum "koo robak aur udgawa dwara alag kiya gayaa thaa joe ack phenotypic roop seey samaan prajaati seey milata-julata thaa. aim" key robak (1932) dwara khoje gaye prithak. carminoperum "m" jaisa dikhta haye. chartrum "charitraatmak roop seey chapate epical kshetra koo chhodkar harr tarah seey. ack anya prithak kii khoj udgawa (1963) dwara kii gaee thee jisamen chapate upang they, lekin ascomata kaa aakar chhota thaa, joe "aim" seey milata-julata thaa. carminoperum. baad mein, prajaati "aim. chartrum "aur" aim. donon prajaatiyon key beach uchch samaantaa key kaaran carminoperum kaa vilay curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
vikas aur aakriti vigyaan.
apane praakritik vatavaran mein vriddhi.
escospore koo peele seey narangi rung key roop mein bhee varnit kiya jaa sakata haye jisamen ack goal football aakar hotaa haye jisamen anudairdhya dhaariyan hoti hain aur vyaas lambe paksh mein 6-8 microne aur chhote paksh mein 5-8 microne key beach hotaa haye.
aeye. aiss. see. aaee. highline, golakar dikhaai detaa haye, aur pratyek mein 8 escospore kii vishisht matra hoti haye, jiska aakar lambe paksh mein 3-5 microne aur chhote paksh mein 2-3 microne hotaa haye. jaba beejaanu paripakva hoe jaate hain, tou unhein saamoohik roop seey chhod diyaa jaataa haye, jisase bhoore rung kii dhool kaa baadal paida hotaa haye.
escocarp chhote upaangon key saath kaale aur golakar dikhaai dete hain, aur jaba isake peele seey narangi bijaanuon seey bharaa jaataa haye, tou escocarp haraa yaa tamba dikhaai dey sakata haye. escocarp kaa vyaas 150-555 microne haye. beejak dravyamaan charam paripakvata parr kull aayatan key ack tihai aur teen-chauthai key beach escocarp koo bhar detaa haye. aspas key vyayamshala mein septate upang hotey hain joe seedhe aur lambe hotey hain. shakha bindu joe binaa kissy, yaa ghumaavdaar merudand key roop mein maujood hotey hain joe epis parr chaude yaa chapate hotey hain.
aamtaur parr "maxotricham" prajaatiyon mein paae jaane vaale peridial hyphe kii maadhyamik aur tritiyak shaakhaaen hain. inn shaakhaon kii pehchaan kavak key escocarp kii tulanaa mein halke rung seey kii jaa sakati haye, yaa aisee shaakhaon kii najukta key parinamswarup honey vaale kataai seey kii jaa sakati haye. inn tukadon koo pahale maanaa jaataa thaa kii way conidiophore kii rihaai thee, lekin praarambhik conidiophore sanlagnak parr koee saboot naheen milaa thaa.
jeevan chakr.
gymnascasi parivaar key bheetar alaingik yaa anamorphic charan key kuchh record hain. kuen (1955) aur robak (1932) dwara kiye gaye vivaranon mein oidia aur chlamydospore kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye, halanki ghatana mein durlabh haye. haalaanki, benjamin (1956) ney sweekaar kiya kii vaastav mein vyayamshala mein arthrospore aur aleuriospore maujood they. aim" key anamorphs. chartaram "" malbranchia "aur" "ideodendrone" "vansh seey sambandhit hoe sakata haye.
prayogshala sanskriti mein vriddhi.
sanskriti mein aur 25°see, mee parr ugaaya gayaa. chartrum "peela aur phoola huaa dikhaai detaa haye. kuchh sanskritiyon mein aise kshetra they joe dikhane mein kaale they, joe paripakva roop seey dikhaai dene key kaaran they. haalaanki, iss tapman parr vriddhi pratibandhit thee, kyonki myxotrichacy parivaar mein kavak koo 18 degree celsius seey cumm tapman key liye prathamikta dee jaati haye. 18 degree celsius key tapman parr, kavak prati maah 2 semi kii darr seey badhata haye. ishtatam badhate tapman koo + 5 aur + 7 degree celsius key beach bataaya gayaa thaa.
jaba mycelia aur kuchh sanskriti media parr ugaaya jaataa haye tou laal-bhoore rung key varnak kaa utpaadan, aspas key paryaavaran koo vishaakt karane key liye kaary kartaa haye. yeh polyphenol kii upasthiti mein sraavit lacases dwara utpaadit pratikriya key kaaran hotaa haye. polyphenol kaa pataa lagaane key liye pigmentation kii upasthiti jaldi hoti haye. haalaanki, yeh prabhaav taba kamjor hoe jaataa haye jaba kavak polyphenol key uchch star key sampark mein aataa haye, joe inn yaugikon kii upasthiti key kaaran honey vaale chayapachaya kaary key avrodh kaa sanket detaa haye.
awas aur paaristhitiki.
"aim. chartaram "kagaj aur kagaj key utpaadon key nivaas key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. vishisht visheshan, "chartaram", kagaj key liye lattin shabd seey utpann huaa haye aur pustakon mein kagaj seey isaki praarambhik khoj key sandarbh mein haye, aur cellulose-apakshay enzymon (cellules) key utpaadan key madhyam seey inn samagriyon koo kshay karane kii isaki kshamata haye. ise ack "bhautik rogjanak" maanaa jaataa thaa, kyonki yeh poshan key srot key liye vishisht samagri koo cumm karane mein saksham haye. yeh anya samagriyon jaise drywall, pual, sadate hue chamade, kapade, grouse gobar, khargosh key gobar, chamgaadad gwano, mitty, pattiyon aur falon mein rahane key liye bhee darj kiya gayaa haye. aim" kii report. chartrum "duniya bhar seey aaya haye. gyaat vitaran kshetra iss prakaar hainh germany, roose, itali, france, switzerland, ingland, japan, austriya-hangri, chekoslovakia, maine, massachusets, ontario, newyork. iss kavak kaa sthaanik kshetra vartamaan mein agyaat haye. ghumaavdaar merudandon kii upasthiti kavak koo jaanvaron key farr kaa paalan karane kii anumati detee haye, jisase kavak anya kshetron mein fail jaataa haye.
yeh kaee shodhkartaon dwara dekhaa gayaa haye kii "aim. chartrum "5-7 degree celsius key tapman key beach dheemi vriddhi pradarshit kartaa haye, isaliye iss kavak koo ack manodaihik jeev key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. haalaanki, 37 degree celsius parr koee vriddhi naheen dekhi gaee aur choonki yeh maanav shareer key tapman parr badhane mein asamarth haye, isaliye yeh kavak ack roga agent yaa ack avasarvaadi rogjanak naheen haye.
jaisa kii janjaati aur webber (2002) dwara paaya gayaa haye, khanij namak aggar parr ekmatra carbon srot key roop mein selophane kii ack sheet key saath sanskriti mein ishtatam vikas praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. tahakhaane yaa tehkhaanon mein, "aim. chartrum mein jipsum board kii chhat aur neenv kii divaaron key thhande hisse parr concreet kii satahon parr kagaj banaane koo prathamikta dee jaati haye. ishtatam vikas key liye, isake liye 98 pratishat seey adhik saapeksh aardrata kii aavashyakta hoti haye. lavanata aur ph vareeyataaen agyaat hain, lekin ise prabhamandal-sahishnu maanaa jaataa haye.

