
nishedh dwara adesh

nishedh dwara adesh ack sainya adesh aur niyantran siddhant haye-disha dwara adesh aur prabhaav dwara adesh kaa ack sankar. aam taur parr sanyukt raajya america kii nausena mein paaya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey samudra mein swatantra kamanon mein, yeh siddhant vyaktigat adhikaariyon parr adharit haye joe karyon koo nishpaadit karane key liye apani swayam kii pahal kaa upayog karate hain jaba taka kii report kii gaee kaarravaai koo ack nakaratmak adesh praapt naheen hotaa haye, jisase unake varishth seedhe ack badey theatre mein pratyek ikai koo adesh dene seey mukt hoe jaate hain aur unhein badee tasveer parr dhyaan kendrit karane kii anumati milati haye.
itihas aur vikas.
sanyukt raajya america kii nausena mein sabse adhik paaya jaane vaalaa, yeh siddhant 1980 key dashak mein vikasit huaa, halanki dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein german sashastr balon dwara "oftragstoctic" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa ack sanskaran kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. paaramparik roop seey, 400 varshon seey nausena kii vyastataaen isi tarah seey aayojit kii jaati rahee hainh kaary bull commander kendriya roop seey samanvaya kartaa thaa. behtar praudyogiki key kaaran yuddh teji seey aage badhaa, jisake kaaran kendriya niyantran seey door jaane kii aavashyakta thee; ack commander koo vyaapak tasveer parr dhyaan kendrit karane mein saksham honah padata thaa, aur yadi way pratyek adheenasth vyakti key karyon koo bhee nirdeshit curr rahey hotey tou way prabhaavi roop seey aisaa karane mein saksham naheen hotey. nishedh dwara adesh pahali baar alag-alag jahaajon parr astitva mein aaya, jahaan yeh samajh mein aaya-ack kaptan joe adhikaar saunpata thaa aur nishedh dwara kamaan kaa prayog kartaa thaa, vaha aasaani seey apane karmchaariyon kii nigrani curr sakata thaa aur unake saath samvaad curr sakata thaa kyonki yeh ack chhota saa vatavaran thaa. vyaapak nausainik vyastataon key bheetar, halanki, saamarik kamaan (otc) mein adhikaari ney abhee bhee ack kathor niyantran sanrachana banaae rakhee, kyonki sanchaar pranali dheele aur swaayatt siddhanton koo vyavharya banaane key liye paryaapt kushalata seey kaam naheen curr sakati thee.
1970 aur 80 key dashak mein networking, sanchaar aur ack otc key liye upalabdh jaankaari kii matra mein sudhaar key saath yeh badal gayaa. nae sire seey aur see pranaliyon, sosus aur upgrah-poshit detta kii shuruat ney otc koo bhaari jokhim mein daal diyaa, aur isaliye balon koo vyaktigat commanders koo adhik swaayatta dene kii disha mein sthanantarit honey key liye majboor kiya gayaa-kuchh aisaa jisane sanchaar mein sudhaar kiya. isake parinamswarup antatah ack samagr yuddh commander (see. doubleu. see.) kii avadharana aaee.
abhyaas karein.
vyavhaar mein, siddhant iss vichaar key ird-gird banaaya gayaa haye kii vyaktigat jahaaj commanders yaa adhikaariyon koo swaayatt sanchaalan karane kii anumati dee jaayegi. badale mein, way apane varishth adhikaari koo aisaa karane key apane iraade kii soochana dete hain, yeh dekhate hue kii kaarravaai "binaa kissy nirdesh key" kii jaayegi-jaba taka kii anyatha nirdesh naheen diyaa jaataa haye-aur varishth adhikaari koo jaankaari kii ack nirantar dhaara pradaan kii jaayegi, jise yojana parr hastakshar karane yaa ise nishpaadit karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye, lekin kewal tabhi shamil hoe jaataa haye jaba varishth apatti karate hain. nishedh dwara adesh "override" haye joe uchch adhikaari koo yojana key saath mudda uthaane parr kadam rakhane kii anumati detaa haye, lekin anyatha adheenasth adhikaari koo apane anusaar kaam karane kii anumati detaa haye.
nishedh dwara adesh kaa praathamik laabh yeh haye kii siddhant otc koo badee tasveer koo dekhane key liye mukt kartaa haye; paaramparik nausainik yuddh key vipareet, unhein abb apani kamaan key tahat pratyek pott yaa ikai key karyon koo sakriya roop seey samanvayit karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye. isake alawa, yeh vyaktigat commanding adhikaariyon koo saamarik sthiti kii behtar samajh key saath, swaayatt roop seey kaam karane aur kaary bull key samagr karyon mein yogdan karane kii anumati detaa haye. nishedh dwara adesh aam taur parr swaayatt aur vikendrikrit adesh aur niyantran key nuksan seey grast haye-kii bahut adhik jaankaari utpann kii jaa sakati haye, varishth adhikaariyon key liye vyaktigat ikaaiyon key karyon mein hastakshep karane aur nishedh dwara adesh key laabhon koo radd karane key pralobhan koo badhaata haye, aur yeh kii ack adheenasth kii (ranneetik roop seey samajhdaar) kaarravaai anaavashyak roop seey kissy bhee sthiti koo badhaa sakati haye.

