paak vidhi

ack vyanjan nirdesh kaa ack samooh haye joe kuchh taiyar karane yaa banaane kaa varnan kartaa haye, vishesh roop seey taiyar bhojan kaa ack vyanjan. upa-paak vidhi yaa upa-paak vidhi ack ghatak key liye ack vidhi haye jise mukhya paak vidhi key nirdeshon mein bulaaya jaayega.
itihas.
praarambhik udaaharan.
sabse pahale gyaat likhit vyanjan 1730 eesaa poorv key hain aur mesopotamia mein paaee jaane vaali cuniform goliyon parr darj kiye gaye they.
anya praarambhik likhit vyanjan lagbhag 1600 eesaa poorv key hain aur dakshini babylonia seey ack akadian goli seey aatey hain. pracheen misra key chitralipi mein bhee bhojan kii taiyari koo darshaaya gayaa haye.
kaee pracheen yunani vyanjan gyaat hain. methacus kii paak kalaa kii pustak shuruati thee, lekin iska adhikansh hissa khou gayaa haye; athenius ney apane "depnosophiste" mein ack chhoti see vidhi kaa hawala diyaa haye. athenius ney kaee anya paak-kalaa kii pustakon kaa ullekh kiya haye, jinamen seey sabhi khou gaee hain.
roman vyanjanon koo doosari shatabdi eesaa poorv mein cato dha elder key "dee agri kalchura" key saath shuru kiya gayaa thaa. iss avadhi key kaee lekhakon ney purvi bhoomadhyasagariya khaana pakaane kaa varnan yunani aur lattin mein kiya haye. kuchh punic vyanjanon koo yunani aur lattin anuvaad mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
paaramparik roop seey "episius" sheershak seey vyanjanon kaa badaa sangrah "dee ray kokwinariya" chauthi yaa 5 veen shatabdi mein dikhaai diyaa aur yeh shaastriya duniya kii ekmatra poori jeevit paak-kalaa pustak haye. isamen bhojan mein parose jaane vaale pathyakramon koo gustasio (appetiser), prime mensey (mukhya pathyakram) aur sekande mensey (mithaai) key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye. pratyek vidhi lattin kamaand "tech" seey shuru hoti haye...," nuskha..."
arabi vyanjanon kaa dastavejikaran 10veen shatabdi mein shuru huaa haye; all-warak aur all-baghdadi dekhein.
faras mein sabse purani vidhi 14veen shatabdi kii haye. safavid key samay seey kaee vyanjan jeevit rahey hain, jinamen mohammad allie bawarchi dwara "karnameh" (1521), jisamen 130 seey adhik vibhinn vyanjanon aur pastery kaa khaana pakaane kaa nirdesh shamil haye, aur nurolah ashpaz dwara "maadat-oll-hayaat" (1597) shamil hain. kajar yug kii kaee vyanjan-rachana pustaken hain, jinamen seey sabse ullekhaniya rajkumar naadar mirza kii "khorak-haa-yeye irani" haye.
ingland key raajaa richard dwiteeya ney 1390 mein "forme off curie" naamak ack vyanjan pustika kaa prakaashan kiya aur usee samay, ack aur pustak "curie onn inglish", "curie" jiska arth khaana banaana haye, prakaashit hui. donon pustaken iss baat kaa aabhas detee hain kii usa samay ingland mein kuleen vargon key liye bhojan kaise taiyar kiya jaataa thaa aur parosa jaataa thaa. praarambhik aadhunik kaal mein abhijaat varg kaa shandar swaad apane saath aadhunik vyanjan pustika kii shuruat laker aaya. 15veen shatabdi taka, usa samay key vyanjanon kaa vivaran dene vaali kaee paandulipiyaan dikhaai dey rahee theen. inmein seey kaee paandulipiyaan bahut achchi jaankaari detee hain aur dhaniya, ajmod, tulsi aur rosemary sahit kaee jadee-bootiyon aur masalon kii punah khoj koo darj karati hain, jinamen seey kaee dharmyuddhon seey vaapas laaee gaee theen.
aadhunik vyanjan aur khaana pakaane kii salah.
16veen aur 17veen shatabdi mein mudranalaya key aagaman key saath, gharon kaa prabandhan karane aur bhojan taiyar karane key tareeke parr kaee kitaaben likhi gaeen. holland aur ingland mein kuleen parivaaron key beach pratispardha badh gaee kii sabse bhavya bhoj kaun taiyar curr sakata haye. 1660 key dashak taka, paak kalaa ack kalaa roop mein vikasit hoe gaee thee aur achche rasoiyon kii maang thee. unamen seey kaee ney apane pratidvandiyon key saath pratispardha mein apani khud kii pustaken prakaashit keen jinamen apane vyanjanon kaa vivaran diyaa gayaa thaa. inmein seey kaee pustakon kaa anuvaad kiya gayaa haye aur yeye online upalabdh hain.
19veen shatabdi taka, gharelu sammaan key liye victorian vyastata ney apane aadhunik roop mein paak kalaa lekhan kaa uday kiya. halanki isabella beaton dwara prasiddhi aur sammaan mein grahan kiya gayaa, pahali aadhunik paak kalaa lekhak aur ghar key liye vyanjanon kii sankalak elija acton theen. 1845 mein prakaashit unaki agrani paak kalaa pustak, "niji parivaaron key liye aadhunik paak kalaa", peshevar rasoiye yaa rasoiye key bajaay gharelu paathak key liye thee. yeh bahut prabhaavshaali thaa, jisase paak kalaa key baare mein aadhunik lekhan key liye praarup sthaapit huaa. isane samagri koo soochibaddh karane kii abb-saarvbhaumik pratha shuru kii aur pratyek vyanjan key saath khaana pakaane key samay kaa sujhaav diyaa. isamen brussels sprouts key liye pahali vidhi shamil thee. samkaaleen shafe delia smith ney acton koo "angreji bhasha mein vyanjanon kaa sarvshreshth lekhak" kahaa."aadhunik paak kalaa" lambe samay taka acton seey bachee rahee, joe 1914 taka mudrit rahee aur haal hii mein pratiroop mein upalabdh hui.
acton key kaam kaa isabella beaton parr ack mahatvapurna prabhaav thaa, jinhone 1857 aur 1861 key beach 24 masik bhaagon mein "shrimati beaton kii gharelu prabandhan kii pustak" prakaashit kii thee. yeh fashion, baal dekhbhal, pashupalan, jahar, sevakon key prabandhan, vigyaan, dharm aur audyogikaran parr salah key saath ack victorian ghar chalaane key liye ack maargdarshak thaa. 1, 112 prishthon mein seey 900 seey adhik mein vyanjan shamil they. adhikansh koo rangeen nakkashi seey chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. aisaa kahaa jaataa haye kii kaee vyanjanon koo acton jaise pahale key lekhakon seey churaaya gayaa thaa, lekin bhringon ney kabhi yeh daavaa naheen kiya kii pustak kii samagri mool thee. iska uddeshya akankshi madhyam vargon key liye ack vishvasaniya maargdarshak key roop mein thaa.
americi cook fanny kisan (1857-1915) ney 1896 mein unaki prasiddh kriti "dha boston cooking school cookbook" prakaashit kii jisamen kuchh 1,849 vyanjan shamil they.
ghatak.
aadhunik paak vyanjanon mein aam taur parr kaee ghatak hotey hain.
pahale key vyanjanon mein aksar bahut cumm jaankaari shamil hoti thee, joe kissy aise vyakti key liye samagri aur anupaat key anusmaarak key roop mein adhik seva karati thee joe pahale seey hii vyanjan taiyar karna jaanata thaa.
ack hii vyanjan key alag-alag swaad dene key liye, vyanjan lekhak kabhi-kabhi paaramparik vyanjan key vibhinn prakaron koo bhee soochibaddh karate hain.
upa-praapti.
upa-paak vidhi yaa upa-paak vidhi ack ghatak key liye ack vidhi haye jise mukhya paak vidhi key nirdeshon mein bulaaya jaayega.
upa-vyanjan aksar masalon key mishran, chutney, upahaar, achaar, sanrakshan, jaam, chutney yaa masalon key liye hotey hain. kabhi-kabhi upa-paak kalaa mein samagri koo kaee ghanton, raat bhar yaa usase adhik samay taka rakhane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jise ghar key rasoiyon koo kabhi-kabhi nirashajanak lagata haye kyonki iska matlab haye kii mukhya paak kalaa koo ack satra yaa dinn mein naheen banaaya jaa sakata haye. dair seey milane vaale upa-vyanjanon aur rasoiye key paas haath mein naa honey vaale kissy ghatak key liye coll karane kaa matlab haye ack vishesh kharidari yatra yaa ack vikalp khojane kii koshish karna.
upa-vyanjanon aur jinn paak-pustakon mein way hotey hain, unhein aksar anaupchaarik rasoiyon koo lakshit naheen kiya jaataa haye. sameekshakon ney bache hue upa-paakon key liye vaikalpik upayog khojane kaa ullekh kiya haye.
upa-pratikritiyon sahit paak-pustakon mein christina tosi kaa "momofuku doodh baar" (2011) aur terry bryant kaa "sabji samrajya" (2020) shamil hain.
internet aur television vyanjan.
20veen shatabdi key madhya taka, hajaaron paak kalaa aur vyanjanon kii kitaaben upalabdh theen. agali kranti tv rasoiyon kii shuruat key saath aaee. duniya key pahale tv rasoiye phillip harben they, jinhone bbc parr "kukri" naamak ack show kaa premiere juuna 1946 mein kiya thaa. kuchh maheenon baad james daadhi dwara prastut "aaee lava too eat" sanyukt raajya america mein iss tarah kaa pahala karyakram bunn gayaa. tv paak kalaa karyakram vyanjanon koo nae darshakon key liye laae. shuruati dinon mein, vyanjanon koo bee. bee. see. seey daak dwara upalabdh karaaya jaataa thaa; baad mein screen parr seafax paath kii shuruat key saath, way television parr upalabdh hoe gaye.
khaana pakaane key liye samarpit pahala internet usenet samachar samooh "nett" thaa.1982 mein banaae gaye rasoiye, baad mein rick bunn gaye.bhojan.khaana banaana. yeh vyanjanon kii paath faailon aur khaana pakaane kii takneekon koo saajha karane key liye ack munch key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa.
yuu mein.aiss. 2008 mein, 2000 key dashak key anta mein mandee key kaaran ghar parr khaana pakaane parr nae sire seey dhyaan diyaa gayaa thaa. yuu mein ghar parr khaana banaana.aiss. isi tarah 2020 key dashak kii shuruat mein coronavirus mahamari key dauran prerit kiya gayaa thaa.
khaadya network aur patrikaon jaise television network abhee bhee vyanjanon kii jaankaari kaa ack pramukh srot hain, jisamen antarrashtriya rasoiyon aur rasoiyon jaise jaimi oliver, gorden ramse, nigela losson aur rachel ray key prime-time show hotey hain aur unhein internet websites key saath samarthan dete hain joe unake sabhi vyanjanon kaa vivaran dete hain. inmein sheersh shafe yaa iron shafe jaise reality tv show shamil they, aur kaee internet saaiten muft vyanjanon kii peshkash karati theen, lekin paak kalaa kii kitaaben hamesha kii tarah lokpriya hain.

