dumberton brij (california)

dumberton pull california mein saine francisco khaadi key paar rajmarg pulon kaa sabse dakshini hissa haye. pratidin 70,000 seey adhik vaahanon aur lagbhag 118 paidal chalane vaalon aur saikil crossing (saptahant parr 384) koo leey jaane vaalaa yeh saine francisco khaadi parr sabse chhota pull haye. iska purvi chhor saine francisco khaadi rashtriya vanyajeev sharan mein newark key paas framont mein haye, aur iska paschimi chhor menlo park mein haye. khaadi key paar raajya maarg 84 parr pull banaate hue, isamen pratyek raaste parr teen laine hain aur isake dakshin kii or ack alag bike/paidal yatri laine haye. uttar mein saine meto pull kii tarah, bijli kii laainen pull key samanantar hain.
itihas aur engineering kii visheshtaen.
pull kaa naam kabhi bhee aadhikarik roop seey naheen rakhaa gayaa haye, lekin iska aamtaur parr upayog kiya jaane vaalaa naam dumberton point seey aataa haye, jiska naam 1876 mein dumberton, scotland key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. mool roop seey saine meto aur saanta clara county mein utpann honey vaale yatayat key liye ack shortcut pradaan karane key liye banaaya gayaa, yeh pull donon taraf audyogik aur aavaasiya kshetron mein seva pradaan kartaa thaa. isase pahale kaa pull 17 janwari, 1927 koo khola gayaa thaa aur saine francisco khaadi koo paar karane vaalaa pahala vaahan pull thaa. iss puraane pull kaa ack hissa khaadi key poorv kii or machhali pakadane key ghaat key roop mein banaa huaa haye. mool pull niji poonji key saath banaaya gayaa thaa aur phir 1951 mein raajya dwara 25 laakh dollar mein kharida gayaa thaa.
isaki umr, aur dou-laine avibhajit sadak maarg aur lift-spain, uttar mein ack pratisthaapan pull kaa nirmaan karane key liye prerit kiya. yeh pull octuber 1982 mein chaar laine, uchch-stariya sanrachana key roop mein khola gayaa thaa. 18 octuber, 1989 koo loma prieta bhookamp key kaaran saine francisco-oakland khaadi pull key asthaayi roop seey bund honey key jawab mein chhah laine koo samaayojit karane key liye sanrachana koo phir seey chalaaya gayaa thaa, aur drishtikon kaa sthaayi chaudikaran julaai 2003 taka puuraa kiya gayaa thaa. poori pratisthaapan pariyojana kii laagat $200 million thee. vartamaan pull mein dou-tarfa saikil aur dakshin-mukhi taraf alag paidal yatri maarg shamil haye. ack kendra avadhi shipping key liye urdhvaadhar nikasi pradaan karati haye. khaadi key donon taraf key drishtikon mein poorv-tanaav vaale halke concreet girder hain joe ack halke concreet deck kaa samarthan karate hain. kendra key vistaar mein dohare steel trapezoidal girder hain joe ack halke concreet deck kaa bhee samarthan karate hain.
mool pull key kendra koo sitambar 1984 mein ack niyantrit visfot mein dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
sadak sampark.
yeh pull raajya maarg 84 kaa hissa haye, aur framont chhor key uttar mein ack mukt maarg khand dwara seedhe antarrajyiya 880 seey judaa huaa haye.
yuu key beach koee mukt maarg sambandh naheen haye.aiss. 101 aur dumberton pull kaa dakshin-paschim chhor. behor mukt maarg seey pull taka jodane key liye motor chalakon koo teen shreni-adharit maargon mein seey ack koo paar karna hoga. yeye hain (uttar-paschim seey dakshin-poorv taka):
befront expressway key saath vilo road aur vishvavidyalaya avenue junction traffic light dwara niyantrit grade chaurahon parr hain; chilko road aur marsh road parr dou atirikt niyantrit chaurahon hain, aur yuu parr marsh road interchange hain.aiss. 101 ack parclo haye. parinam yeh haye kii befront expressway aksar bheedbhaad vaalaa hotaa haye, aur jaba bheedbhaad naheen hoti haye tou aksar tej gati vaali kaar durghatanaon kaa sthaan hotaa haye. 2007 mein, pramukh lekhak david halberstom vilo road chauraahe parr aisee hii ack durghatana mein maare gaye they.
aaee-280 taka pahunch raajya maarg 84 seey lakadi key kinare kii sadak (hastaaksharit) yaa anya dhamani maargon key madhyam seey upalabdh haye. raajya maarg 92 aur 84 key beach koee paar-praaydweep mukt maarg connection naheen hain. isake alawa, raajya maarg 84 aur pays mill road key beach koee seedha paar-praaydweep dhamani maarg naheen hain, joe paanch meal kaa antar haye.
halanki vartamaan sthiti key parinamswarup pull parr hii aur menlo park aur east paalo alto mein gambhir yatayat samasyaaen utpann hui hain, lekin menlo park, atherton aur paalo alto shaharon key virodh key kaaran kaee dashakon seey rajmarg 84 key praasangik hisse koo mukt maarg manakon mein upgraded karane mein caltrance asamarth rhaa haye. freeway virodhiyon koo darr haye kii rajmarg 84 key unnayan seey adhik loga dakshini almeda county (jahaan awas adhik kifayati haye) mein rahane key liye protsaahit honge aur madhya-praaydweep kshetra (jahaan vyavasaay silicon ghaati key karib honey key liye sthit honah chaahte hain) mein naukariyon key liye yatra karenge, iss prakaar yuu key dakshin aur paschim mein unake pados mein yatayat badhega.aiss. 101 aur yahaan taka kii raajya maarg 85 aur 237 parr bhee.
pull key paar buss seva dumberton express dwara pradaan kii jaati haye, joe sthaaniya pargaman agencies (sumtrans, assie pargaman, vta aur anya) key ack sangh dwara sanchaalit hoti haye, joe union shahar mein bart aur paalo alto aur california avenue mein caltrain seey judati haye. assie pargaman pull key paar transbay basein yuu (framont bart aur amtrack seey steinford) aur daa (ordenwod seey orecal aur facebook mukhyalaya) bhee chalaata haye. free steinford marjuret shuttle bhee pull key paar bason aeye. ee.-aff. aur ee. bee. chalaata haye.
paryavaraniya kaarak.
jaba 1970 key dashak mein vartamaan pull kii yojana banaai gaee thee, tou caltrance ney jaleey aur sthaliya paryaavaran parr vyaapak paryavaraniya anusandhaan kiya. janata kii pramukh chintaaen vayu pradooshan aur dhwani pradooshan key prabhaav they, vishesh roop seey menlo park aur east paalo alto key kuchh aavaasiya kshetron mein. pratyek vaikalpik connection yojana key liye poore paschimi drishtikon mein anumaanit dhwani staron aur carbon monoxide sandrata key samocch maanchitron kaa utpaadan karane key liye adhyayan kiye gaye they.
pull key aspas kaa kshetra ack mahatvapurna paaristhitik kshetra haye, jisamen pakshiyon, machhliyon aur standhaariyon kii kaee prajaatiyan paaee jaati hain. luptapray prajaati california clapper rail paschimi pull terminus kshetra mein maujood haye.
praaydweep parr pull key paas menlo park kaa befront park, east paalo alto kaa revenswod open space preserve aur paalo alto baylands prakriti sanrakshit hain. saine francisco khaadi rashtriya vanyajeev sharan kaa ack sulabh hissa paschimi pull terminus key turant uttar mein sthit haye, jahan revenswod trail chalati haye.
pull key purvi chhor key donon or badey namak key talab aur donn edwards saine francisco khaadi rashtriya vanyajeev sharan seey sambandhit tatvarti raaste hain. sharan key liye mukhyalaya aur agantuk kendra pull key dakshin mein ack pahaadi parr haye. pull key poorv chhor key uttar mein koyate pahaadiyon kaa kshetriya udyaan haye, jisamen lambi pahaadiyon parr chalane vaale pagadandiyon kaa network haye. isake uttar mein khaadi seey niles ghaati taka almeda khaadi kshetriya maarg haye. koyate pahaadiyon key poorv mein ordenwod aitihaasik farm haye, joe ack punarsthaapit kaaryasheel farm haye joe sadee key krishi tarikon koo sanrakshit aur pradarshit kartaa haye.
toll.
toll kewal khaadi key poorv kii or toll plaza parr paschim kii or jaane vaale yatayat seey ekatra kiya jaataa haye. aul-electronic tolling 2020 seey prabhaavi haye, aur chaalak yaa tou fastrack electronic toll sangrah upkaran kaa upayog karke, licenses plate tolling karyakram kaa upayog karke, yaa ack baar online bhugtan key madhyam seey bhugtan curr sakate hain. prabhaavi, yatri kaaron key liye toll darr 7 dollar haye. vyast yatayat key ghanton key dauran, teen yaa adhik logon koo leey jaane vaale karpul vaahan, swachchh havaai vaahan, yaa motorcyclen 3.5 dollar kii chhoot kaa toll kaa bhugtan curr sakati hain yadi unake paas fastrack haye aur way naamit karpul laine kaa upayog karate hain. chalakon koo pull paar karane key 48 ghanton key bheetar bhugtan karna hoga yaa unhein toll ullanghan challan bheja jaayega. yadi 21 dinon key bheetar bhugtan kiya jaataa haye tou toll ullanghan mein koee atirikt shulk naheen jodaa jaayega.
aitihaasik shulk darein.
1969 seey pahale, dumberton pull parr donon dishaaon mein toll ekatra kiye jaate they. jaba yeh khola gayaa, tou mool 1927 key samay mein prati kaar $0.40 kaa toll thaa aur prati yatri $0.05 thaa. 1959 mein, toll prati kaar $0.35 nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. 1969 mein ise 0.7 dollar taka badhaa diyaa gayaa thaa, phir 1976 mein 0.75 dollar. 1980 key dashak mein jaba pratisthaapan pull khola gayaa tou prati kaar toll 0.75 dollar rhaa.
dumberton pull sahit saat raajya key swaamitva vaale pulon parr mool toll (automobile key liye) koo kshetriya upaay 1 dwara $1 taka badhaa diyaa gayaa thaa, jise 1988 mein khaadi kshetra key matdaataon dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. 1998 mein raajya vidhaayika dwara mool roop seey aathh varshon key liye $1 bhookampiya retrofit adhibhar jodaa gayaa thaa, lekin taba seey ise disambar 2037 (aeye. bee. 1171, octuber 2001) taka badhaa diyaa gayaa thaa. 2 march, 2004 koo matdaataon ney kshetriya upaay 2 koo manjuri dee, jisase toll koo ack aur dollar seey badhaakar kull 3 dollar curr diyaa gayaa. 1 janwari, 2007 seey shuru honey vaale toll mein ack atirikt dollar jodaa gayaa, taaki purvi avadhi key pratisthaapan seey sambandhit laagat mein vriddhi koo cover kiya jaa sakey.
ack kshetriya parivahan agency, mahanagariya parivahan aayog, khaadi kshetra toll pradhikaran key roop mein apani kshamata mein, aar. aim. 1 aur aar. aim. 2 nidhiyon kaa prashaasan kartaa haye, jiska ack mahatvapurna hissa saarvajanik pargaman poonji sudhaar aur pulon dwara seva pradaan kiye jaane vaale parivahan galiyaron mein sanchaalan subsidy key liye aavantit kiya jaataa haye. caltrance "doosara dollar" bhookampiya adhibhar kaa prabandhan kartaa haye, aur pulon parr anya rakharkhaav kaary karane key liye kuchh mtc-prashaasit dhana praapt kartaa haye. bey eriya toll authority vibhinn shahar aur county sarkaaron dwara niyukt adhikaariyon seey banaa haye, aur yeh pratyaksh matadaata nireekshan key adheen naheen haye.
bhookampiya retrofit pariyojanaon key liye aur dhana kii kamee key kaaran, khaadi kshetra toll pradhikaran ney julaai 2010 mein sabhi saat raajya key swaamitva vaale pulon parr phir seey toll badhaa diyaa. dumberton pull parr auto key liye toll darr koo badhaakar 5 dollar curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
juuna 2018 mein, khaadi kshetra key matdaataon ney kshetra mein parivahan sudhaar key liye $4.5 billion key vitt poshan key liye raajya key swaamitva vaale sabhi saat pulon parr toll badhaane key liye kshetriya upaay 3 koo manjuri dee. paarit upaay key tahat, dumberton pull parr auto key liye toll darr 1 janwari, 2019 koo badhaakar 6 dollar aur 1 janwari, 2022 koo 7 dollar curr dee gaee thee, aur 1 janwari, 2025 koo toll darr phir seey badhkar 8 dollar hoe jaayegi.
sitambar 2019 mein, aim. tii. see. ney toll lene vaalon koo samaapt karane aur raajya key swaamitva vaale sabhi saat pulon koo sabhi electronic tolling mein badalane key liye $40 laakh kii yojana koo manjuri dee, yeh kahate hue kii 80 pratishat chaalak abb fastrack kaa upayog curr rahey hain aur parivartan seey yatayat pravaah mein sudhaar hoga. 20 march, 2020 koo covid-19 mahamari key kaaran sabhi saat raajya key swaamitva vaale toll pulon key liye sabhi electronic tolling koo prabhaavi banaaya gayaa thaa. aim. tii. see. ney phir 2021 kii shuruat taka sabhi saat pulon parr naee pranaaliyan sthaapit keen taaki unhein sthaayi roop seey nakadi rahit banaaya jaa sakey. aprail 2022 mein, bey eriya toll authority ney sabhi shesh aprayukt toll boothon koo hataane aur ack khuli sadak tolling pranali banaane kii yojana kii ghoshana kii joe rajmarg kii gati seey kaam karati haye.
dumberton rail pull.
kaar pull key dakshin mein dumberton rail pull haye. 1910 mein nirmit, rail pull 1982 seey aprayukt haye aur iska paschimi drishtikon 1998 mein aag mein dhaha gayaa thaa. jaba pull upayog mein thaa, tou navik operator koo sanket dete they, joe ack deejal injan shuru karenge aur pull koo ack badey gear parr khuli sthiti mein ghumaate hain. jaisa kii dikhaaya gayaa haye, pull koo abb khuli sthiti mein chhod diyaa gayaa haye. ack nae rail pull aur rail line key punarvaas kii yojana haye taaki union shahar, framont aur newark koo vibhinn praaydweep gantavyon seey jodane key liye ack yatri rail seva pradaan kii jaa sakey. ack safal march 2004 kshetriya parivahan matpatra upaay mein yatri rail seva key liye rail pull key punarvaas key liye dhana shamil thaa, lekin octuber 2008 mein mahanagariya parivahan aayog ney iss pariyojana seey framont mein bart germ springs vistaar mein $91 million sthanantarit kiye.
hetchy aquaduct.
dumberton pull aur dumberton rail pull key beach hetch hetchy aquaduct kaa bey crossing haye. khaadi key poorv kii or newark mein jalmarg jameen seey oopar uthataa haye, framont mein ack pump station parr paani kii satah key neeche girata haye, khaadi key beach mein phir seey ubharata haye aur phir paani key oopar taba taka jaari rahata haye jaba taka kii yeh menlo park mein khaadi key paschim kii or naheen pahunch jaataa.
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
1971 kii film 'harold aind maud' kaa ack drishya mool toll plaza parr filmaya gayaa thaa aur isamen ack pulis adhikaari koo tej gati seey aur avagya karate hue dikhaaya gayaa thaa.

