
christian maine

christian maine (3 march, 1927-16 julaai, 2018) ack prasiddh swiss sivil engineer aur pull designer they. vaha duniya bhar mein lagbhag 100 pulon key nirmaan mein shamil they, lekin unake kaam kaa dhyaan purvi switzerland mein thaa, vishesh roop seey canton grabanden mein. unhone swiss pull nirmaan kii parampara koo jaari rakhaa aur uska nirnaayak prabhaav rhaa. prestressed concreet kii takniki aur saundarya sambhaavanaon koo switzerland mein unake pulon key saath sabse adhik mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa.
maine ney 1957 seey 1971 taka chur mein apani khud kii engineering company kaa netritva kiya. 1971 seey 1992 mein apani sevaanivritti taka, way aith zurich mein sanrachanaatmak engineering key professor they, joe pull design mein visheshagyata rakhate they. apane sevaanivritti key varshon mein, unhone niji abhyaas mein ack salaahkaar engineer key roop mein kaam karna jaari rakhaa.
shiksha aur vyaavhaarik prashikshan.
meiringen, burn key canton mein janme, maine ney 1946 mein hyee school ("cantainschule chur") seey snaatak kiya, isake baad aith zurich mein sanrachanaatmak engineering adhyayan kiya. unhone 1950 mein "bounganier" (sivil engineer) key roop mein diploma praapt kiya. 1950 seey 1953 taka unhone nirmaan engineering companiyon key liye kaam kiya. phir, way sanrachanaatmak engineering key ack prasiddh professor piyare lardy key sahayak banane key liye aith zurich laut aae aur 1956 mein unhein phd kii degree seey sammaanit kiya gayaa. unhone 1957 mein apani khud kii paramarsh company shuru karane seey pahale peris aur burn mein companiyon key liye kaam karane kaa vyaavhaarik anubhav praapt kiya.
pull design darshan.
maine ney apane currier kii shuruat key dauran piyare lardy key saath bahut nikatata seey kaam kiya, saundaryashastra aur arthavyavastha parr adharit sanrachanaon key design parr jore diyaa. maine kaa maanana thaa kii arthavyavastha, seva aur pull kii suraksha saundaryashastra key ird-gird ghoomati haye. unake sabse shuruati pull robbert myelart kii parampara mein apekshaakrit lambe samay taka chalane vaale deck-kathor mehrab they. udaaharan key liye, unakaa crestwald pull (1959) dou-khoonti vaale mehrab key saath ack prabalit concreet pull thaa.
lekin krantikari naee samagri-poorv-samvardhit concreet-maine ney dekhaa kii poorv-samvardhit vaastav mein kamaan koo hii badal sakata haye. unake mehrab pull kaa prestressed deck mehrab key binaa mukhya sahayak sadasya bunn sakata thaa. 
burn mein unake felsenau viduct (1974) ney thheek vaisa hii kiya-sadak koo poori tarah seey ack ghumaavdaar khokhale-boxes beam dwara leey jaaya gayaa thaa jise poorv-sanrekhit kiya gayaa thaa. prabhaav asadharan prakaash kii ack sanrachana haye joe design key liye maine key teenon mukhya maandandon koo santusht karati haih dakshata, arthavyavastha aur saundaryashastra. yeh aeye1 rajmarg kaa sabse lamba pull haye aur duniya kaa pahala ekal-cell boxes girder pull haye joe cantilever vidhi key saath banaaya gayaa haye, joe poorv-sanchit concreet design aur nirmaan mein ack agrani kaary haye.
baad mein, prestressing key saath, maine una pulon koo design karane mein saksham thaa joe uchit roop seey ack prestressed cantilever girder brij deck koo cable-stead brij form key saath jodate they, jisamen nae roopon kii shuruat kii gaee thee jaisa kii unake ganter brij (1980) dwara udaaharan diyaa gayaa thaa. david pee key shabdon mein. billingtonh "ganter brij... yeh una durlabh ghatnaaon mein seey ack haye jahan ack nayaa roop utpann hotaa haye." 
maine key pulon koo usa samay key liye design kiya jaanaa thaah "sanrachanaatmak vishleshan ney varnanatmak graphical vishleshan seey amoort vishleshanatmak sthiti mein sankraman key samay khud koo paaya."(maine, 2002)
maine ney kahaa haye kii ack engineer antarnihit vaigyaanik siddhanton koo samajhkar suraksha aur sevashilta praapt kartaa haye, lekin yeh arthavyavastha aur bhavyata gair-vaigyaanik vichaaron key madhyam seey praapt kii jaati haye. ack engineer key paas saundarya rachnaatmaktaa bhee honey chaahiye. maine amoort saiddhaantik model key saath apane pulon kaa varnan kartaa haye joe usey pulon kaa vishleshan karane aur sanrachana key bheetar balon key tanaav aur vitaran kaa pataa lagaane kii anumati detaa haye. iss dhaanche key aadhar parr, vaha sankhyaatmak ganana taiyar karane mein saksham haye jiska upayog antatah sanrachanaon key computer modeling mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
swiss paryatan.
swiss arthavyavastha mein paryatan kii mahatvapurna bhoomika kaa nirmaan kiye gaye pulon key prakaron parr majboot prabhaav padata haye. pull key design kaa chayan karate samay, swiss netaa cumm paryatan-sanchaalit desh kii tulanaa mein pull kii saundarya visheshtaon koo adhik prathamikta dete hain. drishti aakarshak pulon kii aavashyakta ack mahaan avsar key saath pull designer koo pradaan kartaa haye. unake poorv-tanaavit concreet key upayog aur cable-stead brij deck key karyanvayan seey unake designs koo mahaan saundarya appeal milati haye.
udaaharan key liye, jaba ganter brij key liye vijeta kii ghoshana kii gaee thee, tou burn key ack sangrahalaya mein saat design pravishtiyon koo pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa. juurii ney samagr avadharana, pradarshan, saundaryashastra, laagat aur nirmaan kii vidhi sahit kaee vivaranon parr vichaar kiya thaa. juurii dwara jaari report mein maine key design kii prashansa kii gaee...achchi tarah seey santulit aur aashvast. design kaa paimana paridrishya mein achchi tarah seey fitt baithata haye."
peshevar sangathan.
christian maine engineeron aur vastukaron (aiss. aaee. aeye.) key swiss samaaj, pull aur bhawan engineering key liye swiss vyaapaar samooh, pull aur sanrachanaatmak engineering key liye antarrashtriya sangh (aaee. aeye. bee. aiss. ee.), aur prabalit aur pratishthit concreet sanrachanaon key liye swiss code-samiti key sadasya they. sevaanivritti seey pahale, way naitik anusandhaan samiti key sadasya they.
prabhaav.
1979 key vasant mein, maine ney ack yuva santigo kailatrava dwara grissons mein decentice key karib accletta ghaati parr ack pull parr ack thesis kii dekhrekh kii, kyonki unhone aith zurich mein sivil engineering mein apani padhaai poori kii thee. usee varsh, maine ney kailatrava seey ack gahari ghaati koo paar karane key liye lambe stambhon parr ack pull key liye rekhaachitra pradaan karane key liye bhee kahaa, aur 1979 mein kailatrava dwara inn rekhaachitron mein finback aur pratyarpit samadhan they jinhen antatah 2004 mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa.
maine ney leonard pee parr ack yuva myguel rossels key saath kaam kiya. zaakim bunker pahaadi smaarak pull, joe 2003 mein boston mein badey paimaane parr "badee khudai" pariyojana key hisse key roop mein puuraa huaa. yeh atyadhik drishyamaan sanrachana boston kshitij mein ack pratishthit sthalchinh bunn gaee haye, aur ack pull designer key roop mein rossels key currier koo shuru karane mein madad kii haye, joe puraane designer key darshan koo sanrachanaatmak designers kii agali peedhi mein leey jaataa haye.