
pechora-ilik prakriti aarakshit kshetra

pechora-ilik prakriti aarakshit kshetra (, "pechoro-iliski japovdnik") komi ganarajya, roose mein ack russie 'japovdnik' (sakht prakriti aarakshit kshetra) haye. yeh vartamaan mein 7,213 varg kilometres mein faila huaa haye aur vishva dharohar sthal virgine komi vanon kaa mool haye.
sthalaakriti.
prakriti abhayaranya komi ganarajya (troitsco-pechorsky jilaa) key dakshin-purvi koney mein, graameen pahaadon kii paschimi dhalanon aur nikatvarti talhati aur nichale ilaakon mein sthit haye. iss kshetra mein pechora nadee key oopari pravaah aur isaki sahayak nadee ilik kaa pravaah hotaa haye, jinake naam seey reserve kaa naam liya gayaa haye.
itihas.
oopari pechora mein ack praakritik aarakshit kshetra key nirmaan kaa vichaar, ack sable "zakazanik" (abhayaranya) key roop mein, 1915 mein aiss dwara prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa. tii. voloda gubernia key mukhya vanpal nutt ney "lesnoy zurnal" ("vann patrika") mein apane lekh mein kahaa. prakriti abhayaranya 4 maee, 1930 koo banaaya gayaa thaa, joe mool roop seey 11,350 varg kilometres parr faila huaa thaa. reserve kii seemaaen 30 julaai, 1931 koo nirdhaarit kii gaee theen.
mool roop seey, reserve kaa mukhya karyalaya youst-ilik key gaanv mein banaaya gayaa thaa, joe ilik key pechora mein girane parr thaa. usa sthaan taka pahunch behad kathin honey key kaaran, mukhya karyalaya koo 1935 mein yaksh gaanv mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe pechora key oopar kii or thaa, lekin kaama nadee besin key karib thaa, jisake madhyam seey una dinon kshetra baahari duniya key saath sanchaar kartaa thaa.
1951 mein reserve kaa aakar bahut cumm hoe gayaa thaa, kewal 930 varg kii. mee.; iska kshetra gair-sannihit hoe gayaa, yaksh key paas ack chhote seey nichale hisse koo uchch bhoomi bhaag seey alag kiya gayaa thaa. 1959 mein reserve key kshetra koo isake vartamaan aakar (7,213 varg kii. mee.) taka badhaa diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin yeh abhee bhee gair-sannihit haye. aarakshit kshetra kii behtar raksha key liye, 1973 mein 324 varg kii. mee. (sanyukt raajya mein ack rashtriya vann key samaan) kaa ack buffer kshetra aarakshit kshetra key baahar banaaya gayaa thaa; 1984 mein buffer kshetra key aakar mein atirikt 330 varg kii. mee. kii vriddhi kii gaee thee.
1986 seey unesco dwara javemondal bhandar key vishva network key javemondal bhandar mein seey ack key roop mein aarakshit kshetra koo soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye. 1995 mein pechora-ilik prakriti abhayaranya aur isake uttari padosi, yugeed vaa rashtriya udyaan sahit vann kshetra koo unesco dwara virgine komi vanon key naam seey vishva dharohar sthal key roop mein maanyata dee gaee thee.
paaristhitiki kshetra aur jalavaayu.
pechora-ilik ural montene tundra aur taiga paaristhitiki kshetra mein haye, ack aisaa kshetra joe ural pahaadon (donon taraf) key mukhya katak koo cover kartaa haye-ack 2,000 kimmy (uttar-dakshin) 300 kimmy (paschim-poorv) kshetra. yeh kshetra europeeya aur asiai paaristhitiki kshetron key beach vibhajan parr haye, aur tundra aur taiga kaa millen bindu bhee haye.
pechora-ilik kii jalavaayu "aardr mahadvipiya jalavaayu, thhandi garmi" (copen jalavaayu vargeekaran upa-archtic jalavaayu (dee. aff. see.)) haye. iss jalavaayu kii visheshta halki grishmakaal (kewal 1-3 maheene oopar) aur thhandi, barfeelee sardiyaan (neeche kaa sabse thandaa maheena) haye.
paridrishya aur vanaspati.
russie bhoogolvetta aeye.aeye. korchgin ney reserve key kshetra koo paanch praakritik kshetron mein vibhajit kiyaah
vanyajeev.
iss aarakshit kshetra mein moos, beaver, gilhari, pine martense prachur matra mein paae jaate hain. reserve key peedmont vann kshetra mein rahane key liye saabal jaane jaate hain. 1951 mein reserve key devdaar vann khand key nuksan aur parinamswarup awas vinash key baad jangli raindear lagbhag gayab hoe gaye hain.
badey shikariyon mein bhoore bhalu, bhediye aur volverine shamil hain. duss mustellid prajaatiyan reserve koo apana ghar banaati hain, sabse badey, volverine seey laker cumm seey cumm veezel taka, saath hii saath ermin, americi aur europeeya mink, pine marten, sable aur cyberian veezel.
shodh kaary.
inn varshon mein, jeev vigyaan aur paaristhitiki key kaee kshetron mein vaigyaanik anusandhaan reserve mein kiya gayaa thaa. shodh key vishay cheentiyon seey laker gilhariyon seey laker machhali taka they. moose reserve mein shodh kaa ack vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna vishay thaa.
moose gharelu prayog.
moos ("ellyses ellis") lambe samay seey pechora-ilik prakriti bhandar mein shodh kaa ack uddeshya rhaa haye.
1940 key dashak key anta mein, reserve key prabandhan koo moos kii aabaadi key asthir vikas kii samasya kaa saamana karna padaa. 1950 key dashak kii shuruat taka, aarakshit kshetra mein charagah samaapt honey lagey. samasya koo sambhaalane key liye, 1956 mein ack moos shikaar udyam () kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. udyam aarakshit kshetra seey sambaddh thaa, lekin apane kshetra key baahar sthit thaa. yeh aarthik roop seey safal rhaa haye. 1956 aur 1968 key beach, 1000 moos liye gaye, jisase 200 tunn maans upalabdh huaa. usee samay, shikaar key sanchaalan ney pechora moos aabaadi key jeev vigyaan parr moolyavaan aankadon key sangrah kii anumati dee.
moos key shikaar key alawa, 1949 mein aarakshit karmchaariyon ney moos key gharelukaran kii vyavaharyata kaa adhyayan karane key liye ack "moos farm" (, "lospherma") key roop mein sandarbhit suvidha kaa nirmaan kiya. iss pariyojana key pahale nideshak yevgeni norr they. 1962 mein volga-kaama prakriti abhayaranya mein jaane key baad, unake chhaatr aim. vee. kojhukhov nirdeshak baney.
khet kaa mukhya uddeshya moos jeev vigyaan key baare mein adhik jaanana aur iss gyaan kaa upayog moos key liye upayukt khaadya raashan aur unaki dekhbhal key liye takneekon koo vikasit karane key liye karna thaa; khet-nasl kii aabaadi badhaane kii vyavaharyata kaa adhyayan karna; aur rashtriya arthavyavastha mein moos key upayog kii sambhaavanaon kaa pataa lagaana thaa.
pariyojana key pahale 40 seey adhik varshon mein, kissy bhee varsh mein khet mein kuchh 30-35 jaanvaron key saath, ghaas kii chhah peedhiyon koo khet mein paalaa gayaa thaa. ack achche vasant mein khet mein lagbhag 15 moos bachhadon koo paalaa gayaa thaa. kahaa jaataa haye kii varsh mein uthaaye gaye jaanvaron kii kull sankhya 500 seey adhik hoe gaee haye.
khet kii vayask moos adhikansh samay jangal mein ghoomati rahati thee; haalaanki, ack garbhavati moos gaay hamesha janm dene key liye khet mein vaapas aatee thee. phir, teen seey paanch maheene kii stanpan avadhi key dauran, moos gaay dinn mein kaee baar, usee samay, doodh dene key liye khet mein aatee thee. ack doodh dene vaali gaay kii tulanaa mein ack moos kaa doodh utpaadan cumm hotaa haih doodh dene key mausam mein, ack moos seey kull 300-500 leater (75-125 gallen) doodh praapt kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, doodh mein uchch (12-14%) vasaa samagri hoti haye, aur yeh vitamin aur sookshm poshak tatvon seey bharpur hoti haye; kahaa jaataa haye kii isamen aushadhiya guna hotey hain.
ack khet mein ugaai gaee moos 18 saal taka jeevit reh sakati haye, halanki kuchh hii bhediyon, bhalu aur avaidh shikariyon key mukt aabaadi parr apavanchan key kaaran usa umr taka pahunch gaye.
moos key sambhaavit utpaadak upayogon mein, doodh utpaadan sabse ashajanak paaya gayaa. haalaanki, ack moos kii sawari karane aur ack sleegh kheenchane key liye iska upayog karane kii koshish khet mein bhee kii gaee thee.
inn varshon mein, moos key shareer vigyaan, naitikta aur paaristhitiki seey sambandhit kaee shodh lekh reserve key jeevvigyaani key saath-saath siktivkar aur mosco (ee.jee.
norr aur unake sahyogiyon ney pechora ilik mein moos gharelu kaary kiya, saath hii alaska vishvavidyalaya key uttari krishi anusandhaan sansthaan mein kuchh hudd taka isi tarah kii muscox gharelu pariyojana ney bhee pashu gharelukaran key samanya siddhant mein moolyavaan antardrishti pradaan kii.
sudur uttari ural taiga mein sthit yeh suvidha kabhi bhee laabh kamaane key liye naheen thee, aur 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein sarkari vittaposhan mein katauti key baad khud koo ack kathin sthiti mein paaya. haal kii ack yatra report key anusaar, moos farm sanchaalan bahut cumm hoe gayaa haye; shesh imaaraten kharaab sthiti mein hain, aur kewal kuchh janwar hii bache hain. 2003 mein masco mein aaney vaale ack shikshak ney bataaya kii kewal paanch bache they. haalaanki, roose mein moos key gharelu prayog adhik anukool roop seey sthit costroma moos farm mein jaari hain.

