
andreau jey. stophen

andreau johnn stophen (janm 26 janwari, 1935) ack americi engineer hain. unhone luis anusandhaan kendra (abb glain anusandhaan kendra) mein rashtriya vaimaaniki aur antariksh prashaasan (nassa) key liye kaam kiya. 1960 key dashak mein unhone centaur oopari charan key rockett key vikas mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, jisane ack pranodak key roop mein taral hydrogen key upayog kaa beedaa uthaaya. 1970 key dashak mein unhone atlus-centor aur tyton-centor pariyojana karyalayon kaa prabandhan kiya, aur jupiter aur sattern key liye "pioneer 10" aur "pioneer 11" probe, mars key liye wiking mission, soorya key liye helios probe, aur jupiter aur baahari grahon key liye viager probe kaa nireekshan kiya. way 1982 seey 1986 taka luis shodh kendra key nideshak they.
praarambhik jeevan.
andreau jey. stophen kaa janm 1935 mein huaa thaa, joe andreau stophen aur unaki patni idaa (kelkar) key bete they. unhone hiram college mein pravesh kiya, jahan seey unake maataa-pitaa donon ney 1928 mein snaatak kiya thaa, aur jahan unaki bhaavi patni barbara bedel bhee ack chhaatra theen. baad mein unaki dou betiyaan, linn aur elen stophen bhee hiram college mein padhati theen. vahaan rahate hue unhone college football khela aur kushti aur track athletics mein bhaag liya. unhone 1957 mein hiram college seey ganit mein snaatak kii degree praapt kii, aur agale varsh unhone pitsburg, pensylvania mein kaarnegi melan vishvavidyalaya seey mechanical engineering mein snaatak kii degree praapt kii. baad mein unhone cleveland, ohiyo mein cases-western reserve vishvavidyalaya mein ack snaatak chhaatr key roop mein ganit aur engineering kaa adhyayan kiya.
nassa currier.
stophen 1958 mein luis udaan pranodan prayogshala mein shamil hoe gayaa, isase kuchh hii samay pahale kii yeh luis anusandhaan kendra key roop mein navgathit rashtriya vaimaaniki aur antariksh prashaasan (nassa) kaa hissa bunn gayaa. way pranodan vaayugatiki vibhaag mein ack shodh engineer bunn gaye, jahan unhone supersonic vimaan mein ejector nozzle key upayog parr shodh kiya. inn nalikaon kaa upayog baad mein lockheed sr-71 blackbird mein paaya gayaa. jaise hii nassa ney apana dhyaan vimanan seey antariksh seey sambandhit praudyogikiyon parr kendrit kiya, vaha nae rockett aur vaayugatiki vibhaag mein rasayanik rockett pranali shakha mein shamil hoe gaye, jahan unhone slosh gatishilata kaa adhyayan kiya, jiss tarah seey taral-eendhan rockets key pranodak tankon mein eendhan kii kamee hoti haye. eendhan kaee alag-alag karanon seey dheema hoe sakata haye, aur inhen aur unake prabhaavon koo samajhana unhein cumm karane key liye mahatvapurna thaa taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii eendhan koo injan mein pump kiya jaa sakey.
sloshing key saath stophen kii visheshagyata 1962 mein taba saamane aaee jaba luis ney centaur oopari-charan vaahan key vikas koo shuru kiya, jise taral hydrogen aur taral oxygen key saath eendhan diyaa gayaa thaa. taral hydrogen ack cryogenic eendhan thaa jisake baare mein usa samay bahut cumm anubhavjanya gyaan thaa. unhone isake vyavhaar koo samajhane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaaih unhone pranodak sloshing koo niyantrit karane key liye aantarik baadhaon koo vikasit karane mein madad kii, cryogenic pranodak key kwathnank koo maapane key liye maap, aur ack pranodak upayog pranali joe yeh sunishchit karati haye kii taral hydrogen aur taral oxygen thheek usee samay samaapt hoe jaaen, jisase yeh sunishchit hotaa haye kii donon mein seey koee bhee barbad naheen huaa thaa. sarvekshan karyakram dwara atlus-center rockets key oopar centaur key oopari charanon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, jisane chandrama parr robotic antariksh yaan bheja thaa.
stophen 1966 mein pranodak pranali khand key pramukh baney. unhone sookshm gurutvaakarshan mein taral hydrogen pranodak key vyavhaar koo samajhane kii samasya kaa samadhan kiya. yeh naa kewal centaur key liye mahatvapurna thaa, balki shani vee rockett key liye bhee mahatvapurna thaa joe pahale purushon koo chandrama parr leey gayaa, kyonki isane apane oopari charanon mein taral hydrogen kaa bhee upayog kiya thaa. agale varsh, vaha ack pareekshan karyakram key pariyojana prabandhak they, jisane centaur key booster pump kii jaanch kii, jisase injan mein bahane vaale pranodak kaa dabaav badh gayaa. centaur kaa pareekshan luis key plum brook station parr vacuum pareekshan suvidha mein poorna paimaane parr germ firing key saath kiya gayaa thaa. yeh paaya gayaa kii booster pump anaavashyak they, aur baad mein unhein design seey hataa diyaa gayaa.
1969 mein, stophen behtar centaur key liye sahayak pariyojana prabandhak bunn gaye. iss pariyojana mein centaur koo adhik shaktishali tyton rockett parivaar key saath jodana shamil thaa. 1970 seey 1974 taka tyton-centaur pariyojana karyalaya key prabandhak key roop mein, unhone tyton aur centaur key ekikaran kaa nireekshan kiya, aur farwari 1974 mein tyton-centaur proof flight (tii. see.-1) key prabhaari they. 1974 seey 1978 taka way launch vaahan nideshalaya key pramukh they, joe tyton-centaur aur atlus-centaur donon karyalayon key liye jimmedaar they. unhone prakshepan vaahanon key design aur engineering kaa nirdeshan kiya, aur vayu senaa, aerospace udyog teams aur mission yojnakaron key saath samanvaya sambandhon kaa nirdeshan kiya. inn varshon mein, duss atlus-centaur aur chhah tyton-centaur mission kiye gaye, jinamen "pioneer 10" aur "pioneer 11" jupiter aur sattern key liye, mars key liye wiking mission, soorya key liye helios probe, aur jupiter aur baahari grahon key liye viager probe shamil hain.
stophen 1978 mein nassa mukhyalaya mein antariksh vigyaan key karyalaya key liye upa sahayogi prashaasak baney, lekin 1982 mein isake nideshak key roop mein luis anusandhaan kendra mein laut aae. luis koo 1970 key dashak mein bajat mein katauti aur chhantani seey buri tarah seey nuksan huaa thaa, aur manobal cumm thaa. yahaan taka kii ashanka thee kii kendra bund hoe sakata haye. stophen ney shuttle-center aur antariksh station bijli pranali sahit naee pariyojanaon koo laaya. vaha 1986 mein antariksh station karyalaya kaa netritva karane key liye nassa mukhyalaya vaapas gaye, antariksh station "swatantrata" key design kaa nirdeshan kiya. way 1 aprail, 1988 koo nassa seey sevaanivritt hue. apani sevaaon key liye, unhein 1975 mein nassa asadharan seva padak aur 1981 mein nassa vishisht seva padak milaa thaa. unhein 1982 mein medhavi karyakari key rashtrapati pada key puraskar aur 1985 mein vishisht karyakari bhee praapt hue.
baad mein jeevan.
1988 mein nassa seey sevaanivritt honey key baad, stophen unnat prakshepan pranaliyon aur takniki sanchaalan key upaadhyaksh key roop mein martin marita antariksh yatri mein shamil hoe gaye. 1991 mein way analex nigam key adhyaksh key roop mein cleveland laut aae, joe ack firm haye jise poorv nassa karmchaariyon dwara sthaapit aur chalaaya jaataa haye, jinhone hamari agencies koo engineering aur prabandhan visheshagyata pradaan kii. baad mein unhone lockheed missile aur antariksh company mein electro-optical system key nideshak key roop mein kaary kiya. unaki betty, elen stophen, ney nassa mein mukhya vaigyaanik, rashtriya vayu aur antariksh sangrahalaya key sahayak nideshak aur smithsonian mein vigyaan aur anusandhaan key liye avar sachiv key roop mein kaary kiya.

