
jey. franklin bell

james franklin bell (9 janwari, 1856-8 janwari, 1919) sanyukt raajya america kii senaa mein ack adhikaari they jinhone 1906 seey 1910 taka sanyukt raajya america kii senaa key pramukh key roop mein kaary kiya.
bell niyamit sanyukt raajya senaa mein ack pramukh general they, joe 1919 mein apani mrityu key samay governor dweep, newyork mein mukhyalaya key saath poorv vibhaag kii kamaan sambhal rahey they. unhone 1874 mein paschim bindu mein pravesh kiya, aur 1878 mein 43 kii kaksha mein 38 veen snaatak kii upaadhi praapt kii, jisamen 9 veen ghudsavaar resiment, ack kaali ikai key dusare leftinent key roop mein ack commission thaa.
bell phillippeans-americi yuddh mein apane karyon key liye kukhyaat hoe gayaa, jisamen usane batangas aur laiguna key praanton mein philipino nagrikon koo yaatana shiviron mein hirasat mein lene kaa adesh diyaa, jisake parinamswarup 11,000 seey adhik logon kii maut hoe gaee.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
bell kaa janm johnn willson aur saaraa margaret venable (elen) bell key ghar shelbiville, kentucky mein huaa thaa. jaba vaha chhota thaa taba usaki maan kii mrityu hoe gaee thee. americi grihyuddh key dauran, ack seemavarti raajya mein rahane vaalaa bell kaa parivaar sangh key paksh mein dridhata seey khadaa thaa.
1874 mein, ack samanya dukaan mein dou saal kaam karane key baad, bell ney ack sainya carrier kii maang kii, aur paschim bindu parr niyukti praapt kii, jahan unhone antatah 43 kii kaksha mein 38 veen snaatak kii upaadhi praapt kii. yuddh vibhaag ney unhein 9 veen ghudsavaar senaa koo saunpa, joe grih yuddh key baad bunny ashwet ikaaiyon mein seey ack thee. phir ghar kii chhutti parr kentucky mein, bell ney apane commission seey istifa dene kaa prayaas kiya. vaastav mein, yeh avaidh thaa, lekin yuddh vibhaag mein kissy ney iss kaarravaai key peechhe key ravaiye koo samajha aur usey sabhi shwet 7 veen ghudsavaar senaa koo saunpa. vaha 1 octuber, 1878 koo dakota kshetra key abraham linken kille mein ikai mein shamil hoe gaye.
bhaaratiya yuddh.
bell sainya vigyaan aur ranneeti key prashikshak bunn gaye aur dakshini ilinois vishvavidyalaya mein ganit padhaaya, joe 1886 seey 1889 taka ack pada parr rhaa. ilinois mein rahate hue, unhone kaanoon padhaa aur ilinois baar koo paarit kiya. 1889 mein, vaha 7veen ghudsavaar senaa mein laut aae. halanki resiment ney dakshin dakota mein ghayal ghutane key narsamhar mein bhaag liya, lekin ghanti vyaktigat chhutti parr thee aur isamen bhaag naheen liya. unhein 29 disambar, 1890 koo pahale leftinent key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1891 mein dakshin dakota abhiyaan mein bhaag liya thaa. usa varsh baad mein, 7 veen ghudsavaar senaa koo fort reeley, kansas mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa, aur ghanti ghudsavaar senaa aur halke topkhaane key school key karmchaariyon mein shamil hoe gaee thee. vaha jald hii sahayak, phir school key sachiv bunn gaye. navambar 1894 mein, bell general james doubleu key liye sahayak-dee-camp bunn gayaa. forcith aur california vibhaag mein tainaat. unhein julaai 1897 mein fort apaache, arizona kshetra mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur phir farwari 1898 mein washington key vancouver bairak mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
phillippeans.
spanish-americi yuddh key prakop parr, bell ack pratham leftinent thaa joe general forcith key sahayak key roop mein kaary curr rhaa thaa, phir saine francisco mein mukhyalaya key saath paschim key vibhaag kii kamaan sambhal rhaa thaa. unhein maee 1898 mein swayamsevakon key ack pramukh key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa aur phillippeans bheja gayaa thaa, jahan unhone 1 seey 13 agast taka manila mein spanish balon parr hamale mein bhaag liya thaa. 1925 mein, bell koo 10 agast, 1898 koo fort saine antonio abad kii vistrit tohi karane key liye maranoparant vishisht seva cross seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. iss vilambit puraskar koo mool roop seey general wesley merritt dwara sammaan key padak key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa.
spen key saath shatruta key anta key baad, bell koo swayamsevakon kii ack resiment koo vyavasthit karane key liye adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa. unhein march 1899 mein niyamit senaa mein kaptan aur julaai 1899 mein swayamsevakon key curnell key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. swayamsevi paidal senaa koo phillippeans mein jaane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa aur unaki kamaan mein, unhone phillippeans-americi yuddh mein seva dekhi.
bell koo 9 sitambar, 1899 koo phillippeans mein luzon dweep parr porek key paas unake karyon key liye sammaan key padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. aadhikarik prashasti patra key anusaar, "apani resiment [ghanti] key pahale 7 vidrohiyon parr apani pistaul seey hamla kiya aur ack baans kii jhaadi mein chhipe shesh vidrohiyon seey ack karibi aag key tahat kaptan aur 2 niji logon koo aatmasamarpan karane key liye majboor kiya."
phillippeans mein kuchh maheenon key baad, bell koo disambar 1899 mein swayamsevakon key brigadier general key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa, joe pahale unake varishth adhikaariyon koo peechhe chhod gayaa thaa. janwari seey julaai 1900 taka chauthi brigade, doosari division kii kamaan sambhaalane aur julaai 1900 seey farwari 1901 taka manila key provost marshel-general key roop mein seva karane key baad, unhein niyamit senaa mein kaptan seey brigadier general key roop mein seedhi padonnati millie.
ekagrata shivir neeti.
1901 key anta mein, bell ney batangus aur laiguna praanton mein americi sanchaalan kii kamaan sambhali. general myguel malver kii gurilla yuddh ranneeti key jawab mein, ghanti ney vidroh virodhi ranneeti (kuchh logon dwara ack jhulase hue prithvi abhiyaan key roop mein varnit) kaa upayog kiya, jisane gurilla ladaakon aur nagrikon parr samaan roop seey bhaari prabhaav daala. "suraksha kshetra" sthaapit kiye gaye, aur nagrikon koo pehchaan patra diye gaye aur unhein yaatana shiviron (jinhen "reconcentrados" kahaa jaataa haye) mein majboor kiya gayaa, joe free-fayer kshetron seey ghire hue they. lodge samiti mein, america mein general bell key shiviron mein nakaratmak swaagat kaa mukabala karane key prayaas mein, americi senaa key mukhya jansampark karyalaya, curnell arther wagner ney shiviron parr jore diyaa kii way "mitravat mool nivaasiyon koo vidrohiyon seey bachaaen, aur unhein" uchit swachchata manakon "koo sikhaate hue paryaapt khaadya aapoorti kaa ashvasana dein. wagner key daave koo shiviron mein seey ack key commander key ack patra dwara cumm kiya gayaa thaa, jisane unhein "narak key upnagar" key roop mein varnit kiya thaa. shiviron mein fanse nagrik haija, beriberry, chechak aur bubonic plaig sahit kaee beemariyon seey beemar hoe gaye. ghanti ney batangon mein ack saarvajanik teekaakaran abhiyaan kaa adesh dekar prakop kaa jawab diyaa. nagrik bhee curfue key adheen hoe gaye, jisake baad shiviron key baahar binaa pehchaan key paae gaye sabhi vyaktiyon koo dekhaa jaa sakata thaa. kaee logon koo poochtaachh key liye gher liya gayaa, prataadit kiya gayaa aur sankshep mein fansi dee gaee. poochtaachh key dauran aksar jall upchaar jaise yaatana key tarikon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, aur poore gaanvon koo jalaa diyaa jaataa thaa yaa anyatha nasht curr diyaa jaataa thaa.
janwari aur aprail 1902 key beach, 298,000 kii aabaadi mein seey 8,350 logon kii shiviron mein mrityu hoe gaee. kuchh shiviron mein mrityu darr 20 pratishat taka thee. americi itihaaskaar aur riya pitzer key anusaar, bell kii punroddhar neeti 11,000 seey adhik mauton key liye "seedhe taur parr jimmedaar" thee. kuchh logon ney daavaa kiya haye kii ghanti kii ranneeti yuddh apraadhon kaa gathan karati haye, aur ghanti parr vinash kaa yuddh chhedane kaa aarop lagaaya haye.
bell key yaatana shiviron key upayog koo americi janata dwara tiraskar kaa saamana karna padaa, aur yeh una prabhaavshaali karakon mein seey ack thaa jisane sanyukt raajya congress dwara yuu. aiss. parr ack jaanch koo prerit kiya.aiss. phillippeans mein sashastr balon kaa aacharan. americi samrajyavad virodhi leag key juuliyan codman aur moorfield story dwara 1902 mein phillippeans parr sanyukt raajya senate samiti key liye likhe gaye ack kanuni sankshipt vivaran key anusaar, bell ney 3 maee, 1901 koo "dha newyork times" key saath ack sakshatkar mein kahaa kii yuddh key pichhale dou varshon mein luzon kii aabaadi kaa chhathaa hissa dengu bukhaar seey maaraa gayaa thaa yaa usaki mrityu hoe gaee thee. codeman aur story key anusaar yeh 616,000 mautein hongi. haalaanki, "dha newyork review" key liye 1981 key ack lekh mein gor widel key anusaar, unake shodhkartaon koo usa tarikh koo "dha newyork times" mein ghanti kaa koee sandarbh naheen milaa. luzon kii aabaadi 1901 mein 3,666,822 seey 1903 kii janganana mein 3,798,507 taka badh gaee.
america mein seva.
julaai 1903 mein, bell koo fort leavenworth, kansas mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, jahan unhone 14 aprail, 1906 taka kamaan aur general staff school kaa netritva kiya; bell koo mejar general key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa, aur unhein senaa key general staff kaa pramukh niyukt kiya gayaa. unhone chaar saal taka rashtrapati theodor roozvelt aur villium howard toft key adheen seva kii. bell 45 varshon mein sanyukt raajya america kii senaa key pahale mukhya adhikaari they jinhone americi grihyuddh mein seva naheen kii thee.
jaba paschimi prashant key sanyukt raajya sainya balon ney phillippeans mein dhyaan kendrit kiya, tou way 1 janwari, 1911 koo sainya commander key roop mein manila laut aae, jaba taka kii aprail 1914 mein mexico key saath yuddh aasann naheen lugg rhaa thaa. taba unhein chauthe division kii kamaan sambhaalane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. chautha division texas shahar mein aarakshit key roop mein banaa rhaa aur halanki kaee baar vaha riyo grand koo paar karane vaalaa lugg rhaa thaa, vaha kabhi bhee maxican abhiyaan bull kaa hissa naheen thaa.
maxican sthiti key shaant honey key baad, bell koo chauthe division seey mukt curr diyaa gayaa, aur disambar 1915 mein paschim vibhaag kii kamaan mein rakhaa gayaa. vaha saine francisco mein kamaan mein rahey, jahan way ack baar karyavahak sahayak they, jaba taka kii sanyukt raajya america pratham vishva yuddh mein pravesh naheen curr gayaa.
1917 key vasant kii shuruat mein, bell koo fort jey, governor dweep, newyork shahar mein poorv key vibhaag mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur usa vibhaag key commander key roop mein, apane poorvavarti, leonard wood dwara banaae gaye adhikaariyon key prashikshan shiviron kii jimmedaari lete hue, platsberg, maddison bairak aur fort niyagra mein. bell key sahayak, kaptan george see. marshel, inn shiviron key liye rasad sahaayata mein sabse seedhe shamil thaa, joe swayamsevi nagrik sainikon koo thheek seey lais karane key liye ack sust senaa aapoorti pranali seey lada rhaa thaa. inn shiviron ney agast 1917 mein naee rashtriya senaa key liye aavashyak nae adhikaariyon key badey kote koo snaatak kiya aur kaafee hudd taka, poorv aur poorvottar key nae prabhagon koo adhikaari banaaya.
usee maheene, ghanti bajaai gaee aur turant rashtriya senaa key 77vein division kii kamaan sweekaar curr lii gaee, joe newyork key camp upton mein aayojit kii jaayegi. division kaa uddeshya mukhya roop seey newyork raajya key drafties dwara sanchaalit kiya gayaa thaa aur isaki ikai patch parr swatantrata kii pratima koo chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. jaba pahale nava niyukt adhikaari pahaadi parr chadhate they aur apane pahale kaary kii soochana dete they, taba ghanti ney vibhajan kii kamaan sambhali, usa praarambhik charan key madhyam seey jaba bairakon koo ack chamatkaarik gati seey ack saath fenk diyaa jaataa thaa, aur usee darr seey bharaa jaataa thaa. phir, disambar mein, vaha france key liye ravaana hue taaki way saamane kaa daura curr sakein, aur vaastavik ladaai kii sthitiyon kaa nireekshan curr sakein. vaha march 1918 key uttaraardh taka naheen laute.
apani vaapsee parr, bell videshon mein sakriya seva key liye aavashyak shaaririk pariksha mein whiffle hoe gayaa. jaba doctors ney faisala kiya kii vaha 77vein division koo france naheen leey jaayenge, tou bell koo phir seey poorv vibhaag kii kamaan dee gaee, aur apane puraane mukhyalaya, governor dweep mein laut aae, joe janwari 1919 mein apani mrityu taka unake paas thaa. unhein maranoparant vishisht seva padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa aur arlington rashtriya kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa.
puraskar aur sajawat.
sammaan prashasti patra kaa padak.
pada aur sangathanah curnell, 36veen paidal senaa, yuu.aiss. swayamsevakon. sthaan aur taarikhah porak, luzon, phillippeans dweepon key paas, 9 sitambar, 1899. shelbiville, key. vaaee. mein seva mein pravesh kiya. janm 9 janwari, 1856, shelbieville, key. vaaee. jaari karane kii taarikhah 11 disambar, 1899.
rank kii tithiyaan.
 sanyukt raajya sainya akadami cadet-1878 kaa varg
vyaktigat.
5 janwari, 1881 koo bell ney rock eyeland, ilinois mein sarah bufford (28 aprail, 1857-22 disambar, 1943) seey shaadi kii. vaha grihyuddh key generalon johnn bufford junier kii bhatiji thee. aur napolean bonapart bufford.

