andreau davidson (chikitsak)

andreau davidson, (1836-1918) ack scotish chikitsak they jinhone maidagaskar aur mauritious mein ack chikitsa missionary, ushnakatibandhiya roga shodhkarta aur chikitsa suvidha prashaasak key roop mein kaam kiya. way british chikitsa vidyaalayon mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key shikshan key liye ack praarambhik adhivakta they, aur kaee prakashanon key lekhak they, joe jyaadaatar ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key pahaluon seey sambandhit they.
praarambhik jeevan.
22 agast 1836 koo scotland key kinnef mein paida hue aur andreau davidson ack jootaa nirmaata, johnn davidson aur unaki patni, margaret coban key bete they. kishoravastha mein unhone montros mein sahayak pustak vikreta key roop mein kaam kiya, lekin baad mein edinberg vishvavidyalaya mein chikitsa kaa adhyayan kiya. vaha chikitsa missionary key paas key ghar mein rahata thaa, villium burns thomson, jisane abhee-abhee ack vyast aushadhaalay sthaapit kiya thaa, jahan usane aur anya chhatron ney unaki adhyayan pratibaddhataon kii anumati milane parr madad kii thee. snaatak honey key turant baad, davidson kii shaadi march 1862 mein edinberg mein laurenskirk, david mcdonald key ack vyaapaari kii betty christina mcdonald seey hui thee.
maidagaskar mein jeevan.
shaadi key ack maheene seey bhee cumm samay baad, davidson aur unaki patni landan missionary society kii pahali team key sadasya bunn gaye jinhen maidagaskar bheja jaa rhaa thaa. lagbhag teen dashak pahale europeeya logon koo dweep seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. ack nae raajaa, radama dwiteeya ney missionaryon koo lautane key liye aamantrit kiya thaa, lekin jaba davidson rajdhani, antananarivo mein pahunche, tou maidagaskar key adhikansh logon koo europeeya chikitsa yaa isake siddhanton key liye koee poorv sampark naheen thaa. davidson key ack sahakarmi koo baad mein yaad hoga kii unhone ack mahila koo drishti bahaal karke ack safal motiyabind operation key saath ack tatkaal chhaap chhodi joe "lambe samay seey andhee thee. sthaaniya logon koo vishvaas thaa kii vaha chamatkar curr sakata haye, kuchh dinon baad ack shav key saath apane ghar key baahar aaya, ummeed thee kii vaha ack mrit vyakti koo vaapas jeevan mein laa sakata haye, lekin phir usey apani seemaon kaa ehsas huaa.
davidson jald hii antananarivo mein ack vyast clinic chalaa rhaa thaa, harr dinn dou ghante key liye ack aushadhaalay khol rhaa thaa aur phir bimaaron koo unake gharon mein dekhane jaa rhaa thaa. villium burns thomson koo likhe ack patra mein unhone kahaa kii halanki francisi doctors ney raajaa seey apana parichay karaane kii koshish kii thee, lekin unhein darbari chikitsak niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, aur unhein "unake bete key merey safal upchaar key liye" radama kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. 1864 kii shuruat taka, davidson koo rajdhani mein apane ghar seey bahut door, maidagaskar key pahale aspatal kaa nirmaan shuru karane kii shaahi anumati mill gaee thee. 1866 key anta mein britten kii yatra key baad, davidson ney ell. aim. aiss. key saath apane sambandhon koo toda diyaa, lekin thomson key madhyam seey pradaan kiye gaye adhik dhana key saath vaha maidagaskar laut aae aur sthaaniya chikitsa missionary chhatron koo rasayanik upkaran key upayog mein shikshit karane kaa ack gahan abhiyaan shuru kiya aur durbhavana mein chikitsa granth taiyar kiye, jisamen pharmacy, rasayan vigyaan aur daaee parr kaam shamil they.
davidson aur thomson donon ney chikitsa chhatron key prashikshan koo apane missionary kaary key vistaar key roop mein dekhaa, aur unaki yojanaon koo aage badhaaya gayaa jaba raani ranavalona dwiteeya 1868 mein maidagaskar kii samrat baneen. thomson key anusaar, davidson ney raani aur usake hajaaron logon koo isai dharm mein parivartit honey key liye protsaahit karane mein madad kii. unhone davidson koo malagasy medical mission college kholane kii anumati dee, jahan unhone shareer vigyaan padhaaya, jabaki anya ney shareer rachana vigyaan, angreji, rasayan vigyaan, "praakritik darshan", beejganit aur jyaamiti aur "bible gyaan" padhaaya. davidson key teen chhatron koo thomson dwara edinberg laaya gayaa thaa. ack kii praarambhik pariksha utteern karane seey pahale hii mrityu hoe gaee, lekin anya dou antarrashtriya star parr maanyata praapt yogyata vaale pahale madagascan chikitsa vyavsaayiyon key roop mein ghar chaley gaye. 1874 taka thomson dwara scotland seey bheji gaee ack nurse kii madad seey davidson ney mahilaaon key dou samoohon koo "missionary nurse" yaa daaiyon key roop mein prashikshit kiya thaa. mujhe pataa haye kii aisaa koee mission naheen haye jisane maidagaskar mein dow. davidson key tahat chikitsa mission key roop mein ack rashtra key bhaagya parr itna badaa prabhaav daala hoe", thomson ney baad mein pratibimbit kiya.
maidagaskar mein chikitsa aur shikshan kaa abhyaas karane key saath-saath davidson vidvaanon key lekh likhane key liye bhee samay dete they. ack "coriomania" yaa ack "nritya roga" key prakop seey sambandhit haye joe 1863 mein maidagaskar mein fail gayaa, jisase badee sankhya mein loga prabhaavit hue aur vyaapak uthal-puthal paida hui. 1864 mein, unhone "edinberg medical journal" key liye "tubercular leprosy inn maidagaskar" likhaa. 1867 mein, unhone haal hii mein samaapt kiye gaye "jahar dekar pareekshan" key madagascan abhyaas parr ack lekh likhaa.
medagaskar mein davidson kaa samay 1876 mein pradhaan mantri, reneliarivany key saath ack vivaad key baad samaapt hoe gayaa. saathi british missionary, johnn alden holder key anusaar, vivaad spasht roop seey isaliye shuru huaa kyonki renelirivany "raani yaa khud kii kuchh vaastavik yaa kaalpanik upeksha key kaaran vyathit mahsoos hui. pahale seey hii "poori tarah seey krodhit" pradhaanmantri aur unake dost taba "krodhit" hoe gaye jaba davidson ney ameer parivaaron koo pahale seey muft chikitsa sevaaon key liye kuchh bhugtan karane key liye kadmon kaa samarthan kiya. rainliriveny ney ack saamoohik baithak bulaai, jisamen davidson kaa bahishkaar karane vaale hajaaron logon koo bataaya gayaa, unake chhatron aur sahayakon koo leey gaye, aur unake ghar key chaaron or jasuson koo rakhaa, jisase kissy bhee sthaaniya yaa videshi key liye unake paas jaanaa "sakaratmak roop seey khatarnak" hoe gayaa. haalaanki, yeh sub binaa kissy uddeshya key thaa", holder ney darj kiya. doctor ney kabhi ack inch bhee hill naheen paaya, naa hii mahaan vyakti key saamane jhukane kaa thodaa saa sanket dikhaaya.phir bhee," "utpeedan" "antatah asahaniya hoe gayaa aur davidson ney mauritious kii paas kii british coloney mein rojgar hassil karane key baad maidagaskar chhod diyaa.
mauritious mein jeevan.
agale kuchh varshon mein, mauritian sivil medical seva mein davidson key padon mein sivil aspatal kaa daura aur adheekshak sarjan aur pagal sharan key adheekshak shamil honge. vaha poochtaachh mein sahaayata karate they aur phir kushth roga, maleria, "teevra anaemic dropsy", epizootic rogon aur saarvajanik swachchata parr report prakaashit karate they. saath hii, vaha 1883 mein amsterdam mein antarrashtriya aupaniveshik pradarshani key liye mauritious seey report aur kagjat kaa saransh taiyar karenge, aur way dweep key pramukh schools mein seey ack, royal college mein rasayan vigyaan key professor bunn jaayenge.
ack lekhak, sampaadak aur vyakhyata key roop mein.
jaba way 1892 mein christina key saath britten laute, tou davidson ney apana pahala pramukh kaam kiyaah "bhaugolik vikritih sankraamak aur jalavaayu rogon key bhaugolik vitaran mein ack jaanch", jisamen europe aur asia key badey hisse shamil they. 1893 mein, unhone ack aur pramukh paath taiyar kiyaah "swachchata aur germ jalavaayu kii beemaariyaan". davidson ney pustak kaa sampadan kiya aur dou cumm samajhi jaane vaali beemariyon parr dou adhyaayon key ekmatra lekhak they joe ushnakatibandhiya, maleria aur dengu bukhaar mein harr saal hajaaron logon kii zaan leey rahey they. haalaanki, adhikansh adhyaayon mein europe, africa aur america mein anya varishth chikitsa hastiyon kaa yogdan thaa. british medical journal" mein ack sameeksha ney pustak key pahaluon kii aalochana kii, lekin kahaa kii yeh abhee bhee kissy bhee bhasha mein prakaashit vishay parr sabse achchha kaam thaa, aur "garmajoshi vaale deshon mein pratyek chikitsa vyakti kaa dainik saathi" honah chaahiye.
pustak parr davidson key mukhya sahyogiyon mein seey ack, aur kaee adhyaayon key lekhak, saathi scott, patrick manson (1844-1922) they, joe haal hii mein chean aur haang kaang kii british coloney mein 20 seey adhik varshon taka kaam karane key baad britten laut aae they. agale kuchh varshon key liye jodee key peshevar maarg overlap hoe jaayenge kyonki way donon britten mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key profile koo oopar uthaane kii maang karate they. 1897 mein ack sambodhan mein, manson ney apane darshakon koo bataaya kii vaha davidson dwara pradaan kiye gaye notes parr aanshik roop seey chitra banaa rahey they, jinhen unhone nirnay aur gyaan key roop mein varnit kiya joe ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa mein "bahut mahaan" anubhav seey mell khaata thaa. unhone davidson key havaale seey kahaa kii pratyek british chikitsa vidyalaya mein "swachchh aur germ jalavaayu kii beemariyon parr vyakhyan" honey chaahiye, aur ushnakatibandhiya aur upa-ushnakatibandhiya coloniyon mein sarkari chikitsa adhikaariyon kii niyuktiyon koo ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa mein yogyata key pramaan patra vaale logon taka seemit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. maine ack visheshagya koo likhane key liye bulaaya haye", manson ney uddharanon key sambandh mein kahaa. mujhe shayed hii yeh kahane kii aavashyakta haye kii main unake parche kaa poori tarah seey samarthan kartaa huun."
jaba agale varsh british chikitsa sangh ney ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key liye samarpit ack nayaa upa-khand banaaya, tou manson koo adhyaksh banaaya gayaa aur davidson teen upadhyakshon mein seey ack they. julaai 1898 mein upa-dhaara kii ack baithak mein, donon purushon ney maleria parr kagjat prastut kiye. taba manson apani swayam kii paathya pustak, "ushnakatibandhiya rogah germ jalavaayu kii beemariyon kii ack niyamavali" laayega, jise unhone kahaa kii davidson aur anya key "poorna granth" yaa "adhik vistrit karyon" key saath tulaniya naheen rakhaa jaa rhaa thaa. phir bhee, manson ney apani pustak kaa upayog apane siddhant kii ruprekha taiyar karane key liye kiya-joe baad mein sahee saabit huaa-kii manushyon mein maleria machharon dwara failata thaa. agale varsh, manson landan school off hygiene aind tropical medicine key sansthaapak baney. kuchh maheenon baad, maee 1900 mein, davidson "ushnakatibandhiya jalavaayu kii beemariyon" mein edinberg vishvavidyalaya key pahale vyakhyata baney. way 1907 mein apani sevaanivritti taka vishvavidyalaya mein rahey, africa, asia aur australia sahit britten aur duniya bhar key chhatron koo padhaate rahey.
mrityu aur parivaar.
13 janwari 1918 koo, andreau davidson kii mrityu unaki betty flora (1867-1950) key ghar ilkley mein hui, 56 saal kii unaki patni christina kii mrityu key 16 dinn baad. andreau aur christina key dou bete aur teen betiyaan theen. unamen johnn stevert davidson (1863-1945), joe 1886 mein senaa key chikitsa dall mein shamil hue they, aur david mcdonald davidson (1865-1927), joe 1888 mein bhaaratiya chikitsa seva mein shamil hue they, shamil they. jaba unhone apane pitaa kii 1893 kii ushnakatibandhiya rogon kii pustak mein pechish parr ack adhyaay kaa saha-lekhan kiya tou way aaee. aim. aiss. mein sarjan-general honge.
andreau aur christina seey pahale marane vaale dou bachchon mein seey ack mairi cameron davidson (1871-1905) thaa, joe bhaaratiya chikitsa seva mein shamil honey seey pahale ack prashikshit nurse bunn jaayega. vaha aur usake dou bete 1905 mein france key tata parr aiss. aiss. hilda steamship aapada mein doob gaye. joe betaa aur christina apane mahaan dost aur maargdarshak key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, villium ney thomson davidson (1864-1914) koo jalaa diyaa, unaki mrityu seey pahale selon (abb srilanka) mein huaa, jahan vaha ack chaay bagan key roop mein rahane gayaa thaa. 1918 mein unaki mrityu seey pahale, halanki, andreau aur christina koo pataa chalega kii villium kii sabse badee betty, ellis muriel davidson (1900-1988) ney ack nurse key roop mein ack sealon aspatal mein kaam karna shuru curr diyaa thaa.
viraasat.
haalaanki patrick manson davidson kii prashansa mein udaar rahey honge, kyonki parjivi vigyaan mein unaki khojon key doorgaami parinamon key baad poorv key currier kii chamak badhee, baad kii uplabdhiyon parr chhaaya parh jaayegi. yeh manson thaa jise vyaapak roop seey "ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key pitaa" key roop mein saraha jaayega. phir bhee, 1980 mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur swachchata key shaahi samaaj kii scotish shakha kii 50veen varshgaanth key avsar parr ack karyakram mein, davidson koo 1721 aur 1869 key beach paida hue 33 scots mein seey ack key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa thaa. edinberg vishvavidyalaya mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key school kii sthaapana mein unaki bhoomika kaa vishesh ullekh kiya gayaa thaa. maidagaskar mein, lagbhag 1870 mein davidson dwara sthaapit chikitsa kaa school abhee bhee cumm seey cumm 1890 key dashak key anta taka kaam curr rhaa thaa. saarvajanik swaasthya aur ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa mein davidson key yogdan koo bhee unake mauricius chhodane key dashakon baad yaad kiya gayaa thaa. 1921 mein ack report mein, unhein ack "pratishthit chikitsa adhikaari" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone dweep parr swachchata aur roga key prakop mein moolyavaan shodh kiya thaa.

