
bhaaratiya chaandi kaa bill

bhaaratiya silverbill yaa safed galey vaalaa muniya (uodis malabarika) bhaaratiya upmahadweep aur aspas key kshetron mein paaya jaane vaalaa ack chhota passerin pakshi haye jise pahale nikatata seey sambandhit african silverbill (uodis canton) maanaa jaataa thaa. yeh astrilded finch madhya poorv aur bhaaratiya upmahadweep key shushk kshetron mein ack aam nivasi prajanan pakshi haye. ise duniya key kaee anya hisson mein bhee pesh kiya gayaa haye aur kuchh kshetron mein sthaapit kiya gayaa haye. way ghaas key maidanon aur jhaadiyon key aavason mein chhote jhundon mein chaara khaate hain.
vargeekaran.
bhaaratiya chaandi key bill kaa aupchaarik roop seey varnan swedish prakritivaadi carle linius ney 1758 mein apane "systema naichuri" key dasaven sanskaran mein kiya thaa. unhone prajaati koo crossbill key saath genus "loxia" mein rakhaa aur dwipad naam "loxia malabarika" gadhaa.
 vishisht visheshan bhaarat key paschimi tata parr malbar kshetra seey haye. linius ney iss ilaake koo bhaarat key roop mein nirdisht kiya thaa, lekin yeh malabar kshetra taka hii seemit thaa. see. 1926 mein stuart becker. bhaaratiya silverbill koo abb african silverbill key saath genus "uodis" mein rakhaa gayaa haye jise 1862 mein ludwig rechenback dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa. prajaati ack prakaar kii haih koee upa-prajaati maanyata praapt naheen haye.
bhaaratiya aur african chaandi key bilon koo pahale "lonchura" vansh mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. 2020 mein prakaashit ack aanvik jatijanya adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii inn dou chaandi key bilon ney ack clade kaa nirmaan kiya joe "lonchura" key sadasyon key liye besal thaa.
varnan.
vayask bhaaratiya chaandi kaa bill 11-11.5 semi lamba hotaa haye aur isamen ack shankwakar chaandi-bhoore rung kaa bill, buff-bhoore rung key oopari bhaag, safed neeche key bhaag, buffy paarshv aur kaale pankh hotey hain. poonchh kaali hoti haye aur pankh gahare rung key hotey hain joe ack safed gaanth key vipareet hotey hain. ling samaan hotey hain, lekin aparipakvon mein buff underparts aur ack chhoti poonchh hoti haye. poonchh ingit dikhaai detee haye kyonki pankhon kii lambai kendra seey baahar kii or cumm hoe jaati haye. yeh mukhya roop seey beej khaata haye, lekin keede bhee letaa haye aur amrit vaale foolon, jaise "erythrena" key pedon key darshan key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
nivaas aur vitaran.
yeh aksar sookhe khule jhaadiyon, parati bhoomi aur kheti, kabhi-kabhi paani key paas hotaa haye. halanki way mukhya roop seey maidani ilaakon mein paae jaate hain, lekin kuchh upa-himalayi kshetron mein lagbhag 1200 meater taka paae jaa sakate hain. yeh pakistan, nepal, bangladesh, bhaarat, srilanka, iran aur israel mein paaya jaataa haye. yeh galati seey duniya key kaee anya hisson mein pesh kiya gayaa haye aur 2019 seey jorden, israel, kuwait, oman, puerto rico, katar, saudi arab, misra, sanyukt raajya america, virgine dweepon (sambhavatah vilupt) aur achche (dakshini france) mein sthaapit huaa haye.
halanki kaafee hudd taka gatiheen, kuchh aabaadi mausami andolan karati haye.
vyavhaar aur paaristhitiki.
yeye pakshi milansar hain aur 60 pakshiyon key jhund mein paae jaate hain. way jameen parr yaa cumm jhaadiyon aur ghaas key danthal parr khaate hain. way lagaatar ack cumm cheeping yaa cheeping sampark coll bolate hain jaba way chaara khaate hain. way paani key paas jaate hain aur ack teji seey ghoont lete hain aur nigalate hain. way ghaas key beejon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala parr bhojan karate hain aur fasal prajaatiyon kaa bhee upayog karenge.
prajanan kaa mausam faila huaa haye aur kshetra key anusaar badalata rahata haye. way dakshin bhaarat mein sardiyon mein aur uttar bhaarat mein garmiyon key baad ghonsale banaate hain. way ghonsale banaate hain, ghaas kaa ack aswachh golaa jisake kinare ack dwaar hotaa haye, cumm jhaadiyon mein rakhaa jaataa haye, aksar kantedar "babool" parr aur kabhi-kabhi bunkar key puraane ghonsalon kaa upayog karane key liye jaane jaate hain, yahaan taka kii una ghonsalon kaa bhee daura karate hain joe bunkar pakshiyon dwara kabja kiye jaate hain. way kabhi-kabhi giddhon yaa saaras key munch ghonsale key neeche apana ghonsala banaate hain. puraane ghonsale poore varsh rahane key liye chhatravason key roop mein upayog kiye jaate hain. maadaon koo anya jodon key ghonsale mein andey dene key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. clutch 4 seey 8 safed andon taka bhinn hotaa haye aur inhen donon maataa-pitaa dwara lagbhag 11 dinon taka ushmaayit kiya jaataa haye. sahayak prajanan mein shamil hoe sakate hain kyonki kabhi-kabhi ack jode seey adhik ghonsale mein dekhe jaate hain.
kaee parjivi protozoa aur coxidia ("sivatocella lonchura") kaa varnan inn prajaatiyon seey kiya gayaa haye.