
aahar gruen

dieter martin gruen (janm 21 navambar, 1922) ack german mool key americi vaigyaanik hain, joe argon rashtriya prayogshala mein samagri vigyaan vibhaag key varishth sadasya they. unhone bee praapt kiya.aiss. (1944, saha loud) aur aim.aiss. (1947) uttar-paschimi vishvavidyalaya seey rasayan vigyaan mein degree aur ph.dee. (1951) shikago vishvavidyalaya seey rasayanik bhautiki mein.
gruen ney samagri key rasayan vigyaan mein vishayon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala mein yogdan diyaah cumm tapman parr chumbakiya kshanon key maap aur ligand kshetra kii vyakhya dwara actinide key 5aff charitra kii nishchit sthaapana; okseekaran avasthaon, jatil ayanon aur sankraman dhaatu ayanon key samanvaya santulan koo nirdhaarit karane key liye spectroscopy kaa upayog karke fused lavanon mein ack samadhan rasayan vigyaan kaa nirmaan; utkrisht gais matricks key saath pratikriyaasheel aanvik aur paramanu prajaatiyon kii baatchit kaa spashteekaran; oorjaa bhandaran aur garmi pump anuprayogon key liye dhaatu mishra dhaatu hydride kaa tarksangat design; sputtered prajaatiyon kii oorjaa aur utpatti kii gaharaai kaa nirdhaaran; lazer pratideepti aur anunaad aayan dravyamaan varnakramiya kaa upayog karke parmaanuon aur anuon kaa atee samvedansheel pataa lagaana; charan-naino-grape-naino aur photolica-adharit koshikaon key vikas key liye ack naee rasayanik vaashp nikshepan prakriya kii khoj aur vikas.
gruen ney 60 seey adhik varshon taka argon rashtriya prayogshala mein kaam kiya, 2012 mein sevaanivritt hue. nimnalikhit rasayan vigyaan, samagri vigyaan aur oorjaa vigyaan mein ack vaigyaanik key roop mein unake jivankal key kaam parr adhik vivaran pradaan kartaa haye.
shodh.
mainhattan pariyojana.
hiroshima parr giraaye gaye euranium bumm koo vikasit karane vaale oak riz site parr vaigyaanik dall key sadasya. gruen kaa kaam yuu235 koo yuu238 euranium isotope seey alag karane key liye ack naee rasayanik vidhi key vikas parr kendrit thaa. yuu-235 koo taba paramanu bumm mein upayog key liye kendrit kiya gayaa thaa.
actinide radiodharmi tatvon kaa shodh.
15 varshon mein gruen key kaam ney aavart saarani mein 5aff key roop mein inn tatva key nishchit charitra varnan koo janm diyaa. yeh paramanu reactors aur cardiac pacemaker mein upayog kiye jaane vaale paramanu oorjaa paik mein unake upayog key liye mahatvapurna thaa.
surakshit paramanu reactor design anusandhaan.
gruen key kaam ney surakshit paramanu reactors key liye designs key nirmaan koo saksham banaaya. trance-plutonium apashisht kaa utpaadan karane key bajaay, bahut cumm vishaakt yuu233 kaa utpaadan kiya jaayega. chernobyl aur fukushima key vipareet, yeye nae reactor, eendhan key roop mein thorium kaa upayog karna, bahut surakshit hoga aur radiodharmi apashisht kaa niptan bahut aasaan hoga. iss drishtikon kaa upayog karke ack baar phir nayaa shodh chala rhaa haye.
spootered prajaati anusandhaan.
gruen ney lazer spectroscopy kaa upayog karke atee-samvedansheel aayan maapan takneekon kaa vikas kiya, joe vidhi aaj bhee ulkapind samasthaanik sanrachana koo nirdhaarit karane key liye upayog kii jaati haye. ulkapind sanrachana vishleshan taarakiya paramanu-sanshleshan siddhant sahit brahmand key vikas key baare mein siddhanton key nirmaan mein yogdan detaa haye.
sanlayan anusandhaan.
gruen ney paramanu sanlayan reactors parr apane shodh key liye atee-samvedansheel aayan maapan takneekon kaa upayog kiya. sanlayan anusandhaan mein plasma cloud niyantran ack maulik baadha bunny hui haye. gruen ney ack swa-hataane vaale tambe/lithium yaugik key saath baadal niyantran paatr kii divaaron koo lepit karane key liye ack drishtikon vikasit kiya. yeh plasma baadal koo lambe samay taka niyantrit rahane mein saksham banaata haye, joe antatah ack sanlayan pratikriya koo saksham karane kii disha mein ack mahatvapurna kadam haye.
dhaatu hydride anusandhaan.
gruen ney saur oorjaa seey chalane vaale taap pump sahit taap pump praudyogiki anusandhaan kiya. iss takneek kaa vyaavsaayikaran kiya gayaa haye aur vartamaan mein iska upayog hydrogen "gaters" key liye kiya jaa rhaa haye, joe vibhinn audyogik prakriyaon mein utpaadit hydrogen koo avashoshit kartaa haye.
samagri anusandhaan.
heere kii filmein.
gruen ney rasayanik vaashp nikshepan (see. vee. dee.) dwara heere kii film banaane key liye ack maulik roop seey naee vidhi kaa aavishkaar kiya. unhone heere kii aanvik sanrachana mein bahut chikani, bahut patali (mono-paramanu paraton) sanrekhit carbon parmaanuon key plasma baadal seey jamaav key liye iss prakriya parr shodh kiya aur patent karaaya. ise ack ultranocrystalline diamond (yuu. see. dee.) film key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. inn filmon koo ardh-vaahak banaane key liye dope kiya jaataa haye. way silicon key samaan ack sanrachana banaate hain aur bijli kaa sanchaalan karane key liye diode mein upayog key liye pee yaa aine prakaar key roop mein banaae jaa sakate hain. anuprayogon mein behtar sookshm-electronics shamil hain jinhen ack kritrim retina mein electrode key roop mein chikitsa anuprayogon key liye vyaavsaayik roop seey vikasit kiya gayaa haye. inn heere kii filmon kaa upayog yaantrik prakriyaon key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye jinamen cumm gharshan aur cumm pahanane kii aavashyakta hoti haye jaise kii ultra-long-lasting pump seal. ise jall shodhan pampon key liye vyaavsaayik roop seey vikasit kiya gayaa haye. isake alawa, yuu. see. dee. kaa upayog ack aisee prakriya key liye kiya jaataa haye joe eendhan koshika mein upayog key liye hydrogen kaa utpaadan karati haye.
graphene saur koshikaaen.
gruen key vartamaan shodh mein ack krantikari graphene-adharit photovoltic (pee. vee.) koshika kaa nirmaan shamil haye. unhone abb ilinois vishvavidyalaya, shikago key bheetar prayogshalaon kaa upayog karate hue ack prototype graphene pee. vee. kaa utpaadan kiya haye, jisamen aaj (2021) upalabdh kissy bhee pee. vee. aiss. kaa uchchatam voltage haye. inn graphene pee. vee. aiss. key vikas aur upayog key liye unake paas america aur videshi patent hain. sabse halia aur sabse vyaapak yuu. aiss. patent, jiska sheershak haye "uchch dakshata vaale graphene/wide baind-gap semiconductor heterojunction solar cells", 10 navambar, 2020 koo diyaa gayaa thaa. inn koshikaon koo aaj key silicon-adharit pee. vee. aiss. kii tulanaa mein mahatvapurna laabh honge kyonki, 1) unaki paramanu visheshtaon key aadhar parr, unaki saiddhaantik dakshata lagbhag 50 pratishat haye, joe aaj kii silicon koshikaon kii teen baar haye, 2) unakaa utpaadan saste, aasaani seey upalabdh, gair-vishaile padarthon kaa upayog karke kiya jaayega, aur 3) silicon key vipareet, way lacheele honge, joe aniyamit satahon parr unake aavedan koo bahut aasaan banaate hain. yeye graphene koshikaaen badey paimaane parr saur pratishthanon key liye arthshastra mein kaafee sudhaar karengi, joe pighale hue namak aur anya prakaar key oorjaa bhandaran kaa upayog karate hain, abb dinn aur raat upayogita star kii bijli kaa utpaadan karane kii kshamata rakhate hain. koshikaon kaa upayog kaee chhote paimaane key pratishthanon mein bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase duniya bhar mein cumm laagat vaali bijli key utpaadan key liye ack samadhan taiyar hotaa haye. sankshep mein, iss unnat praudyogiki mein maanav jaati key laabh key liye akshay oorjaa key vyaapak upayog mein poori tarah seey kranti laane kii kshamata haye.
vyaktigat jeevan.
gruen kii patni dolores, ack manovaigyaanik jisane apana ph praapt kiya.dee. shikago vishvavidyalaya seey, 90 varsh kii ayu mein aur shaadi key 66 varsh baad 19 march, 2015 koo unakaa nidhan hoe gayaa. dow. gruen kii dou betiyaan hain, erika aur curran, aur ack betaa, jeffery. dow. gruen key nau potey-potiyaan (daniel, miriam, annaa, lev, zohra, meeka, aleya, benjamin aur moshe aaron) aur teen parpote-potiyaan, julia devora, saimuel luis aur arther hain. navambar 2022 mein gruen 100 varsh key hoe gaye.
sadasyataaen.
gruen nobel puraskar vijeta glain tii key nimantran parr ack atithi vaigyaanik they. laurence berkley prayogshala mein seaborg, paramanu oorjaa key shantipurna upayog parr sanyukt rashtra sammelan mein ack pratinidhi, aur norwey key takniki vishvavidyalaya aur hebru vishvavidyalaya donon mein ack visiting professor. way seaborg institute forr transactinium science key board mein aur laurence livermore prayogshala key liye visiting samitiyon mein they. way "samagri vigyaan kii vaarshik sameeksha", "journal off applied physics" aur "applied physics latters" key sampadakiya boardon mein rahey hain. gruen rashtriya aur antarrashtriya sammelanon mein aksar aamantrit vyakhyata hain aur kaee sammelanon aur sangoshthiyon key aayojak rahey hain. gruen 350 seey adhik prakashanon key lekhak yaa saha-lekhak hain aur kaee pustakon aur monograph key sampaadak hain. vaha lagbhag 30 yuu rakhta haye.aiss. patent. jinn logon koo licenses diyaa gayaa haye, unamen seey kuchh nanocrystalline diamond film kshetra mein hain aur ack javic ootak key kshay key liye teevra parabaingani lazer vikiran key upayog seey sambandhit haye. iss prakriya kaa upayog duniya bhar mein kuchh hriday rogon key upchaar key liye kiya jaataa haye.