
shiksha key khilaf mamla

shiksha key khilaf maamlaah shiksha pranali samay aur dhana kii barbadi kyon haye, yeh ack pustak haye jise udaarvaadi arthashastri bryan caplan ney likhaa haye aur 2018 mein prinston university press dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. shaikshik manovigyaan mein naukari bajar sanket aur anusandhaan kii aarthik avadharana parr adharit, pustak kaa tark haye kii uchch shiksha kaa adhikansh hissa bahut aksham haye aur shram arthshastra mein paaramparik aam sahamati key vipareet, maanav poonji mein sudhaar mein iska kewal ack chhota prabhaav padata haye.
caplan kaa tark haye kii shiksha kaa praathamik kaary chhatron key kaushal koo badhaana naheen haye, balki unaki buddhi, kartavyanishtha aur anuroopata koo pramaanit karna haye-way guna joe niyoktaon dwara moolyavaan hain. antatah unakaa anuman haye kii lagbhag 80 pratishat logon kii shiksha kii or vaapsee sanket kaa parinam haye, jabaki shesh maanav poonji sanchay key kaaran haye.
saransh.
maanav poonji model.
shiksha key maanav poonji model koo poore board mein shaikshik praapti badhaane key abhiyaan kii neenv haye, joe gairi becker key shodh key saath shuru huaa. model seey pataa chalata haye kii badhati shaikshik praapti chhatron koo adhik kaushal pradaan karke samriddhi kaa kaaran banati haye. isake parinamswarup, shiksha key liye subsidy koo ack sakaratmak nivesh key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye joe aarthik vikas koo badhaata haye aur nagrik judaav, khushi, swaasthya aadi mein sudhaar karke prabhaav paida kartaa haye.
seekhane kaa vartamaan moolya, bhoolane key liye samaayojit.
saral maanav poonji model yeh maan letaa haye kii gyaan koo anishchit kaal taka banaae rakhaa jaataa haye, jabaki shaikshik hastakshepon mein ack sarvavyaapi vishay "fedout" (i.ee., bhoolana) vishvasaniya roop seey hotaa haye. ack saral udaaharan lene key liye, humm ack seemant tathya sootra _ 1 key vartamaan moolya kii ganana curr sakate hain joe sootra _ 2 dwara kissy vyakti kii utpaadaktaa koo badhaata haih sootra _ 3 jahan sootra _ 4 vartamaan moolya kii ganana karane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali chhoot darr haye. yadi sootra 5 $100 haye aur sootra 4 5 pratishat haye, tou seekhane key sootra 1 kaa vartamaan moolya $2,000 haye. lekin yeh fedout kii avadharana key vipareet haye. isake liye sahee karane key liye, maan lein kii sootra _ 1 koo banaae rakhane key liye sambhaavyata ghanatva falan ack ghaatiya vitaran kaa anusaran kartaa haye-sambandhit uttarjeevita falan sootra _ 9 key saath. phir seekhane key sootra _ 1 kaa vartamaan moolya, fedout key liye lekhankan, sootra _ 11 dwara diyaa jaataa haih kyonki ack ghaatiya vitaran kaa apekshit moolya sootra _ 12 haye, humm iss parameter koo iss dhaarana key aadhar parr tune curr sakate hain kii sootra _ 1 koo kitane samay taka banaae rakhaa gayaa haye. neeche ack talika dee gaee haye jisamen dikhaaya gayaa haye kii vartamaan moolya kiss parr adharit haye aur tathya key apekshit pratidhaaran samay kyaa haih
pratidhaaran samay kii dhaarana kii parwah kiye binaa, seekhane key sootra _ 1 kaa vartamaan moolya kaafee cumm hoe gayaa haye.
sanket model.
shiksha key maanav poonji model kaa mukhya vikalp shiksha kaa sanket model haye. shaikshik praapti key madhyam seey naukari bajar sanket kaa vichaar michael spains key kaam mein vaapas jaataa haye. model spains ney sujhaav diyaa kii, bhale hii ack chhaatr ney ack shaikshik karyakram key madhyam seey koee kaushal praapt naheen kiya hoe, karyakram taba taka upayogi hoe sakata haye jaba taka kii karyakram koo puuraa karane kaa sanket una lakshnon key saath sahsambaddh hoe joe naukari key pradarshan kii bhavishyavani karate hain.
poori pustak mein, caplan ney tippaniyon kii ack shrinkhala kaa vivaran diyaa haye joe shiksha kii or vaapsee mein sanket dene key liye ack mahatvapurna bhoomika kaa sujhaav dete hainh
sanket key uparokt sanketon koo dekhate hue, caplan ch mein tark detaa haye. 5-6 kii shiksha mein swarthi vaapsee shiksha mein samajik vaapsee seey adhik haye, yeh sujhaav detaa haye kii adhik shaikshik praapti ack nakaratmak baahyata paida karati haye (pee. 198). dusare shabdon mein, sthiti shoonya-raashi haye; kaushal naheen haye (pee. 229).
college jaane kii laagat-laabh vishleshan.
kaee chhatron key liye, caplan kaa tark haye kii aage kii shiksha praapt karane key liye adhikansh nakaratmak samajik laabh chhaatr rinn kii ghuspaith aur una chhatron key liye rojgar key avsaron koo khone seey aataa haye jinake college puuraa karane kii sambhavana naheen haye (pee. 210-211, ch. 8). unakaa sujhaav haye kii inn chhatron koo vyaavsaayik shiksha seey behtar seva milegi.
neetigat sifaarishen.
caplan shiksha mein sanket kii samasya key liye dou pramukh neetigat pratikriyaon kii vakaalat kartaa haih
pahali sifarish yeh haye kii sarkaar koo shiksha key vittaposhan mein teji seey katauti karane kii aavashyakta haye, kyonki sanyukt raajya america mein sabhi staron parr saarvajanik shiksha kharch salana 1 trillion dollar seey adhik haye. doosari sifarish adhik vyaavsaayik shiksha koo protsaahit karna haye, kyonki jinn chhatron key college mein safal honey kii sambhavana naheen haye, unhein shram bajar mein kaam karane key liye vyaavhaarik kaushal vikasit karna chaahiye. caplan vyaavsaayik shiksha parr adhik jore dene kaa tark dete hain joe prakriti mein germany aur switzerland kii pranaliyon key samaan haye.