
rashtrakoot samrajya kaa samaaj

kaikheta kaa rashtrakoot samrajya ack ullekhaniya dakkan samrajya thaa jisane 8veen seey 10veen shatabdi key beach dakshin aur madhya bhaarat key adhikansh aadhunik kshetra parr shasson kiya. unaki shaahi rajdhani bhaarat key karnatak raajya key kalaburgi jile mein kaikheta thee. rashtrakoot samaaj kaee mayanon mein usa samay key ubharate dhaarmik, raajneetik aur saanskritik vikas koo darshaata thaa.
samaaj.
rashtrakoot kaal key dauran samajik jeevan, jaati vyavastha, jeevan shally aur manoranjak gatividhiyon key baare mein jaankaari shilalekhon aur usa samay bhaarat mein aae yunani aur arab yaatriyon key noton seey milati haye. yeye srot iss baat key pramaan dete hain kii hindu jaati vyavastha vyaapak thee. itihas mein aaj gyaat hindu samajik pranali mein chaar buniyaadi jaatiyon kii tulanaa mein adhik jaatiyon kaa ullekh haye, jinamen seey kuchh saat jaatiyon kii hain. ack yatri key khaate mein solah jaatiyon kaa ullekh haye, jisamen brahmanon, kshatriya, vaishya aur chandalon kii chaar mool jaatiyan shamil hain. zakaaya" yaa "lahud" key roop mein jaani jaane vaali ack jaati mein nritya aur kalabaji mein visheshagyata rakhane vaale samudaayon seey sambandhit loga shamil they. uchch padasth kshatriya ladkiyon aur brahmin ladakon key beach key vivaah koo chhodkar antarjaatiya vivaah asamanya they. naukaayan, shikaar, bunai, mochi banaane, tokri banaane aur machhali pakadane jaise vyavsaayon seey sambandhit logon koo sabhi jaatiyon yaa upjaatiyon mein samaayojit kiya gayaa thaa. antyaja" ack aisee jaati seey they joe ameeron koo kaee chhoti-motee sevaaen pradaan karati thee. uchch jaatiyon key logon mein kewal "sath-kshatriya" upa-jaati (kuleen kshatriya) seey sambandhit una kshatriyon koo hii brahmanon kii tulanaa mein uchch darja diyaa jaataa thaa, jinhen anyatha rashtrakoot samaaj mein sarvocch darja praapt thaa. brahmanon mein ack upajaatiya "istin" they joe kewal shikshan peshe mein visheshagya they.
brahmin jyaadaatar shikshan, nyaypalika, jyotish, ganit, kavita aur darshan seey sambandhit currier mein shamil they. haalaanki brahmanon key liye vanshaanugat prashaasnik padon parr bhee kabja karna aam baat thee. isake alawa, aise vyavasaay jinhen aam taur parr gair-brahmin maanaa jaataa haye-krishi, supari aur yuddh chaukiyon mein vyaapaar-brahmanon dwara teji seey kabja curr liya gayaa thaa. chikitsa peshe key logon key saath sammaan key saath vyavhaar kiya gayaa aur shilalekhon mein kuchh brahmin doctors kaa ullekh haye. yadyapi aam taur parr prachalit mrityudand una brahmanon koo naheen diyaa jaataa thaa joe jaghany apraadhon key doshi paae gaye they aur iss sambandh mein unhein shaahi kshatriya upa-jaatiyon key samaan visheshaadhikaar praapt they. isake bajaay, ack vaikalpik sajaa key roop mein unakaa dahina haath aur baayan pair kaat diyaa gayaa thaa jisase way viklang hoe gaye they. madhyayugeen hindu bhaarat mein ack brahmin kii hatyaa koo ack jaghany aparaadh maanaa jaataa thaa aur iss vaikalpik sajaa ney kaanoon key pravartan key uddeshya koo puuraa kiya. brahmanon seey oopar maane jaane vaale logon kii ekmatra jaati shaahi aur kuleen parivaaron seey sambandhit kshatriya they. sabhi kshatriyon koo uchch jaati naheen maanaa jaataa thaa aur sabhi uchch jaati key loga kshatriya naheen they.
9veen shatabdi taka, sabhi chaar jaatiyon key raajaon ney ack samay yaa kissy anya samay hindu bhaarat mein rajshahi pranali mein sarvocch sthaan parr kabja curr liya thaa. brahmanon key saath vaidik vidyaalayon mein kshatriyon koo pravesh denaa aam baat thee, halanki inn vidyaalayon mein vaishya aur shudra jaatiyon key bachchon koo pravesh naheen diyaa jaataa thaa. jainon ney yuddh currier shuru kiya aur sabhi jaatiyon key logon dwara bhoomi swaamitva shilalekh mein darj haye kii shoodron key paas bhoomi adhikaar they jisamen dhokhadhadi dwara ack seey lii gaee bhoomi kaa koee bhee bhukhand raajaa dwara swayam unhein vaapas curr diyaa gayaa thaa. brahmin, vaishya aur shudra key vipareet, ack praant seey dusare praant mein aur yahaan taka kii ack raajya seey dusare raajya mein sthanantarit honey key liye swatantra they, jahaan unakaa bhoomi aur awas key uphaaron key saath swaagat kiya gayaa thaa. unake liye "brahmadya" naamak vishesh shikshan sthalon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. jaati vyavastha iss hudd taka lachili thee kii antarjaatiya vivahon key record hain, halanki yeh aam naheen thaa. haalaanki, rashtrakoot shasson key anta mein, yeye antarjaatiya vivaah, vishesh roop seey brahmin dulhan yaa doolhe seey judey vivaah, bahut durlabh hotey jaa rahey they, jabaki anya jaatiyon mein yeh pratha apekshaakrit adhik bunny rahee. brahmin shuddh shakahari they aur kissy bhee prakaar kii sharaab kaa sevan karane seey door rahate they jabaki kshatriya donon mein lipt they. jainavaad una vyapariyon aur kisaanon key beach lokpriya hoe gayaa thaa jinhone shakahar koo lokpriya banaaya thaa. antarjaatiya samaroh durlabh they kyonki vibhinn jaatiyon key logon key beach ack saath bhojan karane seey bachaa jaataa thaa.
sanyukt parivaar samanya they lekin bhaaiyon aur yahaan taka kii pitaa aur putra key beach kanuni algaav shilalekhon mein darj kiye gaye hain. mahilaaon aur betiyon kaa sampatti aur bhoomi parr adhikaar thaa, aur mahilaaon dwara bhoomi kii bikri koo darj karane vaale shilalekh hain. mahilaaon dwara viraasat mein milane vaale dhana koo "sthridhaan" kahaa jaataa thaa. arrange marriage system ney mahilaaon key liye jaldi shaadi kii sakht neeti sunishchit kii. brahmanon mein, ladakon kii shaadi 16 saal yaa usase cumm umr mein hui aur unhone 12 yaa usase cumm umr kii dulhan koo chunaa. iss ayu neeti kaa anya jaatiyon dwara sakhti seey paalan naheen kiya gayaa thaa. shilalekh ack vyakti key apane chachere bhaai (ack maama kii betty) key saath vivaah key kaee udaharanon kaa ullekh karate hain, krishna dwiteeya key putra rajkumar jagattunga iska ack udaaharan hain. mahilaaon koo adalat mein upasthit honey kaa adhikaar thaa aur jaba raajaa ney usa parr kabja curr liya thaa tou unhein adalat mein upasthit rahane kaa adhikaar thaa. satee pratha kaa abhyaas kiya jaataa thaa lekin swaichhik thee. satee key bahut cumm udaaharan shilalekhon mein ullikhit hain aur joe hue way jyaadaatar shaahi parivaaron mein they. vidhvaaon key sir mundan karane kii pranali kaa abhyaas shayed hii kabhi shilalekh key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa, yeh nott karate hue kii vidhvaaon koo apane baal badhaane kii anumati thee, lekin unake baalon koo sajaane koo hatotsaahit kiya jaataa thaa. kaee shilalekhon mein vaakya "dushmanon kii ladkiyon key baal alag karane key kaaran" (") koo dohraya gayaa haye. vidhwa kaa punarvivah uchch jaatiyon mein durlabh thaa aur nichali jaatiyon mein aam thaa. jinn mahilaaon kaa upman kiya gayaa thaa, unhein unake parivaaron aur jaati mein vaapas bharti kiya gayaa thaa.
jaba taka rinn praaptakarta uchch samajik sthiti kaa naa hoe, taba taka gavaahon kii upasthiti mein rinn diye jaate they, iss mamle mein yeh aavashyakta maaf curr dee jaati thee. aam aabaadi mein purush kapade key dou sadharan tukade pahanate they, oopar ack dheela kapada aur shareer key nichale hisse key liye "dhoti" jaisa pahana jaane vaalaa kapada. kewal raajaa hii pagadi pahan sakate they, ack pratha joe bahut baad mein janata mein fail gaee. mahilaaon key kapade achchi tarah seey silaaye gaye they, aur kuchh ney petikote pahane they. brahmin purushon key naamon mein diyaa gayaa naam, pitaa kaa naam aur parivaar "gotra" (vansh) shamil they. aaj key samay mein lokpriya upnaam jaise "dvivedi", "upadhyay", "deeksha" baad mein hii prachalan mein aae. nritya ack lokpriya manoranjak gatividhi thee aur shilalekh bataate hain kii raajaa key mahal mein shaahi mahilaaon koo purush aur mahila donon nartakiyon dwara aakarshit kiya jaataa thaa. devdasi aksar mandiron mein maujood they. anya manoranjak gatividhiyon mein ack hii yaa vibhinn prajaatiyon key pashu ladaaiyon mein bhaag lena shamil thaa. atakur shilalekh, ack naayak patthar ("vargal"), samanti paschimi gangaa raajaa butuga dwiteeya key pasandida hound key liye banaaya gayaa thaa joe ack khel mein ack jangli suar seey ladate hue marr gayaa thaa. rajgharane dwara shikaar key liye sanrakshit khel govind III key shilalekhon mein darj hain. khagol vigyaan achchi tarah seey vikasit thaa aur jyotish bhee. jainon ney bhee jyotishiya bhavishyavaniyon aur aadhyatmik maanyataon mein ruchi dikhaai. andhavishwas bahut they aur ack saamp koo jeevit pakadana ack mahila kii pavitrata saabit kartaa haye. lailaj beemariyon seey peedit vriddh vyakti teerth sthal key pavitra jall mein dubkar yaa khud koo jalaakar apana jeevan samaapt karna pasand karate hain.