
cumm prabhaav vaalaa vikas (yuu.aiss. aur kanada)

cumm prabhaav vikas (dhakkan) ack shabd haye jiska upayog kanada aur sanyukt raajya america mein harit buniyaadi dhaanche key hisse key roop mein toofaan key paani key bahaav kaa prabandhan karane key liye bhoomi yojana aur engineering design drishtikon kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. dhakkan jall kii gunavatta kii raksha key liye sthal parr praakritik visheshtaon key sanrakshan aur upayog parr jore detaa haye. yeh drishtikon ghuspaith, filtering, bhandaran, vashpikaran aur isake srot key karib bahaav koo rokane key madhyam seey jalvibhaajak key poorv-vikas jalvaigyaanik shasson koo doharaane key liye engineer chhote paimaane key jalvaigyaanik niyantranon koo lagu kartaa haye. harit buniyaadi dhaanche mein nivesh ack aisaa drishtikon haye joe aksar kaee laabh detaa haye aur shahar mein lachilaapan paida kartaa haye.
vyaapak roop seey anya sthaanon mein upayog kiye jaane vaale samkaksh shabdon mein united kingdam mein tikaau jall nikasi pranali (suds) (jahaan dhakkan kaa ack alag arth haye), australia mein jall-samvedansheel shahari design (doubleu. aiss. yuu. dee.), seatle, washington mein praakritik jall nikasi pranali, paryaavaran key maryland vibhaag dwara upayog kii jaane vaali "paryaavaran sthal design", aur washington raajya paaristhitiki vibhaag dwara upayog kii jaane vaali "onsite stormwater management" shamil hain.
paaramparik toofani jall prabandhan prathaon kaa vikalp.
ack avadharana joe 1990 mein prince george county, maryland mein shuru hui, dhakkan nirmaan pariyojanaon mein sthaapit paaramparik stormwater best management prathaon (bee. aim. pee. aiss.) key vikalp key roop mein shuru huaa. adhikaariyon ney paaya kii nirodh talab aur pratidhaaran besin jaisi paaramparik prathaaen laagat prabhaavi naheen theen aur parinam paani kii gunavatta key lakshyon koo puuraa naheen karate they. cumm prabhaav vikas kendra, ink.ack gair-laabhkaari jall sansaadhan anusandhaan sangathan, jiska gathan 1998 mein sarkari agencies aur sansthanon key saath kaam karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa taaki vigyaan, samajh aur dhakkan aur anya tikaau paryaavaran yojana aur design drishtikon, jaise kii harit buniyaadi dhaanche aur harit rajmarg saajhedaari key karyanvayan koo aage badhaaya jaa sakey.
dhakkan design drishtikon koo yuu seey samarthan milaa haye.aiss. paryaavaran sanrakshan agency (ee. pee. aeye.) aur swachchh jall adhiniyam key lakshyon koo puuraa karane mein madad karane key liye ack vidhi key roop mein badhaava diyaa jaa rhaa haye. vibhinn sthaaniya, raajya aur sanghiya agency karyakramon ney bhoomi vikas sanhitaon mein dhakkan aavashyaktaon koo apanaaya haye aur unhein saarvajanik kaary pariyojanaon mein lagu kiya haye. dhakkan takneeken smart vikas aur harit buniyaadi dhaanche key bhoomi upayog kii yojana mein bhee mahatvapurna bhoomika nibha sakati hain.
cumm prabhaav vaale vikas key liye design karna.
prakriti koo ack model key roop mein upayog karane aur srot parr varsha kaa prabandhan karane key liye dhakkan kaa mool siddhant pravaah roktham ranneetiyon, pravaah shaman ranneetiyon aur anta mein, pradushakon koo hataane key liye upchaar niyantranon key anukramit karyanvayan key madhyam seey puuraa kiya jaataa haye. yadyapi ekikrit prabandhan prathaaen (imps)-vikendrikrit, sookshm niyantran joe srot key paas ghuspaith karate hain, bhandarit karate hain, vaashpit hotey hain aur pravaah koo rokte hain-engineeron dwara adhikansh dhyaan aakarshit karate hain, yeh samajhana mahatvapurna haye kii dhakkan kewal prathaon aur utpaadon kii ack naee soochi koo lagu karane seey adhik haye. yeh ack sthaayi sthal banaane key liye ack ranneetik design prakriya haye joe site key avikasit jalvaigyaanik gunon kii nakal karati haye. isake liye ack nirdeshaatmak drishtikon kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe prastaavit bhoomi upayog key liye upayukt hoe.
dhakkan siddhanton kaa upayog karke design chaar saral charanon kaa paalan kartaa haye.
toofani jall key prabandhan key liye upayog kii jaane vaali buniyaadi prakriyaon mein poorv-upchaar, nispandan, ghuspaith aur bhandaran aur punah upayog shamil hain.
poorv-upchaar.
kachra, malba aur badey talchhat jaise pradushakon koo hataane key liye poorv-upchaar kii sifarish kii jaati haye. ack poorv upchaar pranali kaa samavesh, jaise kii ack hydrodynamic vibhaajak, praathamik upchaar abhyaas koo samay seey pahale bund honey seey rokkar poore pranali kii deerghaayu koo badhaa sakata haye.
nispandan.
jaba toofaan kaa paani ack filter media key madhyam seey paarit kiya jaataa haye, tou thhos aur anya pradushakon koo hataa diyaa jaataa haye. adhikansh madhyam yaantrik prakriyaon dwara thhos padarthon koo hataa dete hain. madhyam kaa vargeekaran, aakar kii aniyamitata, chhidrata aur satah kii khurdarapan visheshataaen sabhi thhos padarthon koo hataane koo prabhaavit karati hain. kaee anya pradooshak jaise poshak tatva aur dhatuon koo rasayanik aur/yaa javic prakriyaon key madhyam seey hataaya jaa sakata haye. nispandan dhakkan sthalon key liye ack pramukh ghatak haye, vishesh roop seey jaba ghuspaith sambhav naheen haye. filter system koo praathamik pradushakon koo hataane key liye design kiya jaa sakata haye aur ise vikendrikrit chhote paimaane key inlet mein configure kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh atirikt sangrah yaa parivahan buniyaadi dhaanche key binaa apane srot key karib upchaar karane kii anumati detaa haye.
ghuspaith.
ghuspaith seey toofaan key paani kaa bahaav phir seey hoe jaataa haye aur bhujal punarbharan kii anumati milati haye. apavaah mitty mein pravesh kartaa haye aur upasatah mein risata haye. ghuspaith kii darr mitty key sampeedan aur bhandaran kshamata seey prabhaavit hoti haye, aur mitty key santript honey key saath cumm hoe jaayegi. mitty kii banaavat aur sanrachana, vanaspati key prakaar aur aavaran, mitty kii jall matra, mitty kaa tapman aur varsha kii teevrata sabhi ghuspaith kii darr aur kshamata koo niyantrit karane mein bhoomika nibhaate hain. dhakkan sthal key design mein ghuspaith ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaati haye. ghuspaith key kuchh laabhon mein paani kii gunavatta mein sudhaar (kyonki paani koo mitty key madhyam seey chhaan liya jaataa haye) aur bahaav mein kamee shamil haye. jaba ack site mein vitarit kiya jaataa haye, tou ghuspaith site key praakritik jall vigyaan koo banaae rakhane mein mahatvapurna roop seey madad curr sakati haye.
bhandaran aur punah upayog.
ack sansaadhan key roop mein toofaan key paani koo pakadane aur punah upayog karane seey sinchai yaa anya uddeshyon key liye paani kii atirikt aapoorti banaate hue ack site key poorv-vikas jall vigyaan koo banaae rakhane mein madad milati haye. varsha jall sanchayan ack dhakkan abhyaas haye joe toofani jall key punah upayog kii suvidha pradaan kartaa haye.
cumm prabhaav vaale vikas key paanch siddhant.
jaba dhakkan key liye design karane kii baat aatee haye tou 5 mukhya aavashyaktaaen hoti hain.
vishisht prathaaen aur niyantran.
yojana prathaon mein kaee sambandhit drishtikon shamil hain jinhen vibhinn chikitsakon dwara swatantra roop seey vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. inn alag-alag naam vaale drishtikonon mein samaan avadhaaranaaen shamil hain aur jall kii gunavatta kii raksha mein samaan lakshya saajha karate hain.
yojnakar sthal key bhoomi upayog, jall vigyaan, mitty key prakaar, jalavaayu aur varsha key pattern koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue ack vyaktigat sthal key liye sanrachanaatmak dhakkan prathaon kaa chayan karate hain. inn dhakkan prathaon mein kaee bhinnataaen hain, aur kuchh prathaaen kissy diye gaye sthal key liye upayukt naheen hoe sakati hain. kaee retrofit yaa site navinikaran pariyojanaon key saath-saath nae nirmaan key liye vyaavhaarik hain. dhakkan koo phir seey fitt karane key liye ishtatam sthaan ekal ghar, school/vishvavidyalaya kshetra aur udyaan hain. aksar upayog kii jaane vaali prathaon mein shamil hainh
dhakkan kii pragati key liye seemaaen.
shahari kshetra vishesh roop seey dhakkan prathaon key liye baadhaaen paida karane key liye pravan hain. sabse aam seemaaen hainh
laabh.
dhakkan key kaee laabh hain, jaise kii pashu aavason kii raksha karna, bahaav aur baadh key prabandhan mein sudhaar karna aur abhedya satahon koo cumm karna. udaaharan key liye, dow. maryland vishvavidyalaya, college park key ellen davis ney dhakkan varsha udyaanon seey pravaah prabandhan parr shodh kiya. unake aankadon ney sanket diyaa kii dhakkan varsha udyaan ack badee varsha ghatana key baad 90 pratishat paani koo pakad sakate hain aur dou saptah taka key samay paimaane parr iss paani koo chhod sakate hain. dhakkan bhujal kii gunavatta mein bhee sudhaar kartaa haye aur isaki matra koo badhaata haye, jisase saundarya mein vriddhi hoti haye, isaliye samudayik moolya badhata haye.
dhakkan kaa upayog toofani paani key talabon kii aavashyakta koo samaapt karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, joe mahangi bhoomi parr kabja curr lete hain. designs mein dhakkan koo shamil karane seey developers koo usee bhukhand parr adhik ghar banaane aur apane laabh koo adhikatam karane mein saksham banaata haye.
kuchh nagar paalikaon mein, dhakkan sanyukt seaver overflo (see. aiss. oh.) kii ghatnaaon koo cumm karane kaa ack laagat prabhaavi tarika hoe sakata haye.
saha-laabh drishtikon key anusaar, dhakkan takniki roop seey shahari garmi dweep (uhee) ghatana koo cumm karane kaa ack avsar haye jisamen thhande footpath aur harey buniyaadi dhaanche mein uchch anukulata haye. halanki neele buniyaadi dhaanche kii disha mein dhakkan aur oohee shaman kii samajh key beach kuchh aantarik visangatiyan hain, parasaran pool, geela talab aur viniyamit talab shahari jall nikaayon key liye aavashyak poorak hain, joe vanaspati koo poshan dene aur oohee shaman mein thandak key liye vashpikaran mein apani bhoomika nibhaate hain. dhakkan pilot pariyojanaon ney pahale seey hii uhee shaman koo aur aage leey jaane key liye vittiya neenv pradaan kii haye. yeh vibhinn vishayon key logon key liye ack prayaas haye kii way iss baare mein sahakriyaatmak roop seey sochein kii kaise uhee prabhaavon koo cumm kiya jaae, joe samagr neetiyon, dishaanirdeshon aur viniyamon key nirmaan key liye anukool haye. isake alawa, yuu. aaee. shaman kaa samavesh aiss. pee. see. nirmaan mein saarvajanik bhagidari key liye ack chaalak hoe sakata haye, joe adhik dhana key liye pee. pee. pee. model koo samekit curr sakata haye.

