sashart yaadrichhik kshetra

sashart yaadrichhik kshetra (see. aar. aff. aiss.) saankhyikiya modeling vidhiyon kaa ack varg haye joe aksar pattern pehchaan aur machine seekhane mein lagu kiya jaataa haye aur sanrachit bhavishyavani key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. jabaki ack vargikarankarta "padosi" namoonon parr vichaar kiye binaa ack ekal namoone key liye ack label kii bhavishyavani kartaa haye, ack see. aar. aff. sandarbh koo dhyaan mein rakh sakata haye. aisaa karane key liye, bhavishyavaniyon koo ack graphical model key roop mein model kiya jaataa haye, joe bhavishyavaniyon key beach nirbharta kii upasthiti kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. kiss prakaar kaa graph upayog kiya jaataa haye, yeh anuprayog parr nirbhar kartaa haye. udaaharan key liye, praakritik bhasha prasanskaran mein, "raikhik shrinkhala" see. aar. aff. lokpriya hain, jisake liye pratyek bhavishyavani kewal apane tatkaal padosiyon parr nirbhar haye. chhavi prasanskaran mein, graph aamtaur parr aas-paas key sthaanon aur/yaa samaan sthaanon koo jodata haye taaki way samaan bhavishyavaniyon koo praapt curr sakein.
anya udaaharan jahan see. aar. aff. kaa upayog kiya jaataa haih praakritik bhasha prasanskaran yaa javic anukramon key liye anukramik detta kaa labeling yaa parcing, bhaag-off-speach tagging, uthale parcing, naamit ikai pehchaan, jeane khoj, peptide mahatvapurna karyatmak kshetra khoj, aur computer drishti mein vastu pehchaan aur chhavi vibhajan.
varnan.
see. aar. aff. aiss. ack prakaar kaa bhedbhavpurna dishaheen sambhaavit graphical model haye.
laferty, mccullum aur perera avalokan sootra _ 1 aur yaadrichhik charr sootra _ 2 parr ack see. aar. aff. koo nimnanusar paribhaashit karate hainh
sootra _ 3 koo ack graph honey dein jaise kii sootra _ 4, taaki sootra _ 2 koo sootra _ 6 key sheershon dwara anukramit kiya jaae.
phir sootra _ 7 ack sashart yaadrichhik kshetra haye jaba pratyek yaadrichhik charr sootra _ 8, sootra _ 1 parr shartabaddh, graph key sambandh mein markov sampatti kaa paalan kartaa haye; yaani, isaki sambhavana kewal jee mein apane padosiyon parr nirbhar haih
sootra _ 10, jahan sootra _ 11 kaa arth haye
vaha sootra _ 12 aur sootra _ 13 sootra _ 6 mein padosi hain.
iska kyaa matlab haye kii ack see. aar. aff. ack dishaheen graphical model haye jisake nodes koo thheek dou vichhedit sett sootra _ 1 aur sootra _ 2 mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye, kramshah avalokan aur output charr; phir sashart vitaran sootra _ 17 koo model kiya jaataa haye.
anuman.
samanya graph key liye, see. aar. aff. aiss. mein sateek anuman kii samasya jatil haye. ack see. aar. aff. key liye anuman samasya mool roop seey ack aim. aar. aff. key liye samaan haye aur vahee tark dhaaran karate hain.
haalaanki, aise vishesh mamle maujood hain jinake liye sateek anuman sambhav haih
yadi sateek anuman asambhav haye, tou anumaanit samadhan praapt karane key liye kaee algorithm kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. inmein shamil hainh
mapdand seekhana.
mapdand sootra _ 18 koo seekhana aamtaur parr sootra _ 19 key liye adhikatam sambhavana seekhane dwara kiya jaataa haye. yadi sabhi nodes mein ghaatiya parivarik vitaran hotey hain aur prashikshan key dauran sabhi nodes dekhe jaate hain, tou yeh anukoolan uttal hotaa haye. ise udaaharan key liye gradient decent algorithm, yaa ardh-neuton vidhiyon jaise ell-bee. aff. jee. aiss. algorithm kaa upayog karke hull kiya jaa sakata haye. doosari or, yadi kuchh charr anavikshit hain, tou inn charon key liye anuman samasya koo hull karna hoga. samanya graph mein sateek anuman amoort haye, isaliye anumaanon kaa upayog karna hoga.
udaaharan.
anukram modeling mein, ruchi kaa graph aamtaur parr ack shrinkhala graph hotaa haye. avalokan charr sootra kaa ack input anukram avalokan key ack anukram kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye aur sootra sootra 21 ack chhipe hue (yaa agyaat) avastha charr kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye jiska avalokan koo dekhate hue anuman lagaane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. sootra _ 22 koo ack shrinkhala banaane key liye sanrachit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen pratyek sootra _ 23 aur sootra _ 22 key beach ack kinara haye. saath hii saath input anukram mein pratyek tatva key liye "label" key roop mein sootra _ 22 kii ack saral vyakhya honey key kaaran, yeh leout kushal algorithm koo sweekaar kartaa haih
sootra _ 20 parr pratyek sootra _ 22 kii sashart nirbharta koo sootra _ 33 key "feature functions" key ack nishchit sett key madhyam seey paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye, jise input anukram parr maap key roop mein socha jaa sakata haye joe sootra _ 22 key liye pratyek sambhaavit moolya kii sambhavana koo aanshik roop seey nirdhaarit kartaa haye. model pratyek visheshta koo ack sankhyaatmak vajan pradaan kartaa haye aur sootra _ 22 key liye ack nishchit moolya kii sambhavana nirdhaarit karane key liye unhein jodata haye.
raikhik-shrinkhala see. aar. aff. mein avadharana roop seey saral chhipe hue markov model (aich. aim. aim. aiss.) key samaan kaee anuprayog hain, lekin input aur output anukram vitaran key baare mein kuchh dhaaranaon koo shithil karate hain. ack aich. aim. aim. koo bahut hii vishisht visheshta karyon key saath ack see. aar. aff. key roop mein samajha jaa sakata haye joe raajya sankraman aur utsarjan key model key liye nirantar sambhaavanaon kaa upayog kartaa haye. isake vipareet, ack see. aar. aff. koo ack aich. aim. aim. key saamaanyikaran key roop mein samajha jaa sakata haye joe nirantar sankraman sambhaavanaon koo manmaane karyon mein banaata haye joe input anukram key aadhar parr chhipi hui sthitiyon key anukram mein sthitiyon mein bhinn hotaa haye.
vishesh roop seey, aich. aim. aim. aiss. key vipareet, see. aar. aff. aiss. mein kissy bhee sankhya mein feature function hoe sakate hain, feature function anuman key dauran kissy bhee bindu parr poore input anukram sootra _ 20 kaa nireekshan curr sakate hain, aur feature function kii seema mein ack sambhaavit vyakhya kii aavashyakta naheen haye.
roop.
uchch-crum key see. aar. aff. aiss. aur ardh-markov see. aar. aff. aiss..
pratyek sootra koo pichhale charr sootra key ack nishchit sankhya sootra parr nirbhar karke uchch crum key model mein vistaarit kiya jaa sakata haye. uchch crum key sootra key paaramparik formulation mein, prashikshan aur anuman kewal sootra key chhote moolyon key liye vyaavhaarik hain.
haalaanki, ack aur halia pragati ney bezian gair-parametrics key kshetra seey avadhaaranaon aur upkaranon kaa laabh uthaakar inn muddon koo sudhaarne mein kamyabi hassil kii haye. vishesh roop seey, see. aar. aff.-anant drishtikon ack see. aar. aff.-prakaar model kaa gathan kartaa haye joe ack scalable fashion mein anant-lambe samay taka asthaayi gatishilata seekhane mein saksham haye. yeh cruff key liye ack nae sambhaavit kaary koo pesh karke prabhaavit hotaa haye joe anukram gyaapan (aiss. aim.) parr adharit haye, joe anukramik tippaniyon mein anant-lambi gatishilata seekhane key liye ack gair-parametric beyashiyan model haye. iss tarah key model koo computational roop seey tractable banaane key liye, see. aar. aff.-anant postulated novell potential functions (joe ack aiss. aim. dwara sanchaalit hotey hain) key ack mean-feeled approximation koo niyojit kartaa haye. yeh model key liye kushal anumaanit prashikshan aur anuman algorithm taiyar karane kii anumati detaa haye, binaa manmaane dhang seey lambai kii asthaayi nirbhartaon koo pakadane aur model karane kii isaki kshamata koo cumm kiye.
see. aar. aff. aiss. kaa ack aur saamaanyikaran maujood haye, ardh-markov sashart yaadrichhik kshetra (ardh-see. aar. aff.), joe label anukram sootra _ 21 key charr-lambai "khand" kaa model haye. yeh ack uchit computational laagat parr sootra _ 22 kii lambi doori kii nirbhartaon koo model karane key liye uchch-crum see. aar. aff. aiss. kii bahut adhik shakti pradaan kartaa haye.
anta mein, sanrachit bhavishyavani key liye badey-margine model, jaise kii sanrachit samarthan vector machine koo see. aar. aff. aiss. key liye ack vaikalpik prashikshan prakriya key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
avyakt-gatishil sashart yaadrichhik kshetra.
avyakt-gatishil sashart yaadrichhik kshetra (ell. dee. see. aar. aff.) yaa bhedbhavpurna sambhaavit avyakt charr model (dee. pee. ell. vee. aim.) anukram tagging karyon key liye ack prakaar key see. aar. aff. hain. way avyakt parivartaniya model hain joe bhedbhavpurna roop seey prashikshit hain.
kissy bhee anukram tagging kaary kii tarah, ack ell. dee. see. aar. aff. mein, avalokan x = sootra _ 44 key anukram koo dekhate hue, model koo mukhya samasya hull karni chaahiye kii label key ack seemit sett seey y = sootra _ 45 label kaa ack anukram kaise nirdhaarit kiya jaae. seedhe modeling key bajaay (y).x) jaisa kii ack sadharan raikhik-shrinkhala crf karega, avyakt charr kaa ack samooh h koo x aur y key beach sambhavana key shrinkhala niyam kaa upayog karke "daala jaataa haih
yeh tippaniyon aur lebalon key beach avyakt sanrachana koo pakadane kii anumati detaa haye. jabaki ell. dee. see. aar. aff. koo ardh-neuton vidhiyon kaa upayog karke prashikshit kiya jaa sakata haye, unake liye bhee avyakt-parivartansheel perceptron naamak perceptron algorithm kaa ack vishesh sanskaran vikasit kiya gayaa haye, joe collins key sanrachit perceptron algorithm parr adharit haye. yeye model computer drishti mein anuprayog paate hain, vishesh roop seey video dhaaraon aur uthale parcing seey ishara pehchaan.

