
neutronium

neutronium (kabhi-kabhi nutrium key liye chhota kiya jaataa haye, jise nutrite bhee kahaa jaataa haye) vishuddh roop seey neutron seey banaa ack kaalpanik padaarth haye. yeh shabd vaigyaanik andress wonn entrophoph dwara 1926 mein (neutron kii 1932 kii khoj seey pahale) kaalpanik "paramanu sankhya shoonya key tatva" (isake naabhik mein shoonya proton key saath) key liye gadhaa gayaa thaa jise unhone aavart saarani key sheersh parr rakhaa thaa (-, yaa nu dwara niroopit). haalaanki, samay key saath iss shabd kaa arth badal gayaa haye, aur 20veen shatabdi key antim bhaag seey iska upayog neutron-apakshayi padaarth seey milate-julate atyant ghaney padarthon koo sandarbhit karane key liye bhee kiya gayaa haye joe neutron sitaaron key core mein maujood honey key liye siddhaantit hain; isake baad "apakshayi" neutronium iska ullekh karega.
neutron sitaaron mein.
neutronium kaa upayog lokpriya bhautiki saahitya mein neutron sitaaron key core mein maujood samagri koo sandarbhit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye (joe taare bahut badey hotey hain jinhen electron apakshay dabaav dwara samarthit kiya jaa sakata haye aur joe padaarth key ack ghaney charan mein gir jaate hain). iss shabd kaa upayog vaigyaanik saahitya mein teen karanon seey bahut cumm kiya jaataa haih "neutronium" shabd kii kaee paribhaashaaen hain; neutron sitaaron key core mein samagri kii sanrachana parr kaafee anishchitata haye (yeh neutron-apakshayi padaarth, ajib padaarth, kwark padaarth, yaa uparokt kaa ack sanskaran yaa sanyojan hoe sakata haye); neutron starr samagri key guna badalate dabaav (neeche dekhein) key kaaran gaharaai parr nirbhar honey chaahiye, aur parat (mukhya roop seey paramanu naabhik seey yukt) key beach koee tej seema naheen honey chaahiye aur lagbhag proton rahit aantarik parat maujood honey kii ummeed haye.
jaba neutron starr core samagri koo jyaadaatar mukt neutron seey banaa maanaa jaataa haye, tou ise aamtaur parr vaigyaanik saahitya mein neutron-apakshayi padaarth key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
aavart saarani mein.
neutronium" shabd 1926 mein andreus wonn entrophoph dwara binaa proton yaa electrons key neutron seey baney padaarth key ack anumaanit roop key liye gadhaa gayaa thaa, jise unhone aavart saarani key apane nae sanskaran key sheersh parr paramanu sankhya shoonya key rasayanik tatva key roop mein rakhaa thaa. baad mein ise rasayanik tatvon koo vargeekrit karane key liye aavadhik pranali key kaee sarpil pratinidhitvon key beach mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, jaise kii charles janette (1928), ee. aaee. immerson (1944), aur johnn dee. clark (1950).
yadyapi iss shabd kaa upayog vaigyaanik saahitya mein padaarth key sanghanit roop key liye yaa ack tatva key roop mein naheen kiya jaataa haye, lekin aisee reportein aaee hain kii mukt neutron key alawa, proton key binaa neutron key dou baadhya roop maujood hoe sakate hain. yadi neutronium koo ack tatva maanaa jaataa thaa, tou inn neutron samoohon koo usa tatva kaa samasthaanik maanaa jaa sakata thaa. haalaanki, inn reports koo aage pramaanit naheen kiya gayaa haye.
halanki ise "neutronium" naheen kahaa jaataa haye, rashtriya paramanu detta kendra key "paramanu batue card" apane pahale "isotope" key roop mein soochibaddh karate hain, ack "tatva" prateek n aur paramanu sankhya "z" = 0 aur dravyamaan sankhya "a" = 1 key saath. iss "isotope" koo hydrogen-1 mein kshay honey key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, jiska aadhaa jivankal haye.
guna.
neutron padaarth paramanu sankhya 0 vaale rasayanik tatva key barabar haye, joe kahane key liye haye kii yeh parmaanuon kii ack prajaati key barabar haye jisake paramanu naabhik mein koee proton naheen haye. yeh atyant radiodharmi haye; iska ekmatra vaidh samatulya isotope, mukt neutron, 10 minut kaa aadhaa jeevan haye, joe francium key sabse sthir gyaat isotope kaa lagbhag aadhaa haye. neutron padaarth jaldi seey hydrogen mein kshay hoe jaataa haye. neutron padaarth mein electrons kii kull kamee key kaaran koee electronic sanrachana naheen haye. 
jabaki yeh jivankal neutronium key rasayanik gunon key adhyayan kii anumati dene key liye paryaapt haye, gambhir vyaavhaarik samasyaaen hain. koee charge yaa electron naheen honey parr, neutronium samanya cumm-oorjaa vaale photon (drishya prakaash) key saath dridhata seey baatchit naheen karega aur koee sthir vidyut bull mahsoos naheen karega, isaliye yeh samanya padaarth seey baney adhikansh paatron kii divaaron mein fail jaayega. kuchh samagri paramanu-quantum prabhaavon key kaaran ultracold neutron key prasaar yaa avashoshan kaa pratirodh karane mein saksham hoti hain, vishesh roop seey majboot antahkriya key kaaran pratibimb. pariveshiya tapman parr aur anya tatvon kii upasthiti mein, thermal neutron aasaani seey neutron grahan seey gujarate hain taaki usa tatva key bhaari (aur aksar radiodharmi) samasthaanik bunn sakein.
maanak dabaav aur tapman parr neutron padaarth kaa anuman aadarsh gais niyam dwara hydrogen seey bhee cumm ghanaa honey kaa anuman lagaaya jaataa haye, jiska ghanatva kewal (havaa seey lagbhag 27 gunaa cumm ghanaa aur hydrogen gais key roop mein aadhaa ghanaa) hotaa haye. neutron padaarth key samanya dabaav parr shoonya taka gaisiya baney rahane kii ummeed haye, kyonki pranali kii shoonya-bindu oorjaa sanghanan kii anumati dene key liye bahut adhik haye. haalaanki, neutron padaarth koo siddhant roop mein inn taapmaanon parr ack apakshayi gaisiya superfluid kaa nirmaan karna chaahiye, joe "dinutron" naamak kshanik neutron-jodon seey banaa honah chaahiye. atyant cumm dabaav mein, iss cumm tapman, gaisiya superfluid koo ack boses-einstein condenset kaa utpaadan karane vaale quantum susangatta kaa pradarshan karna chaahiye. uchch tapman parr, neutron padaarth kewal paryaapt dabaav key saath sanghanit hoga, aur aur bhee adhik dabaav key saath thhos hoga. iss tarah key dabaav neutron sitaaron mein maujood hotey hain, jahaan atyadhik dabaav neutron padaarth koo apakshayi banaata haye. haalaanki, electron apakshay kii sthiti mein sampeedit paramanu padaarth kii upasthiti mein, β-kshay koo pauli apavarjan siddhant key kaaran rokaa jaa sakata haye, iss prakaar mukt neutron sthir hoe jaate hain. saath hii, uchch dabaav seey neutron khud hii apakshayi hoe jaate hain.
samanya tatvon kii tulanaa mein, vidyut aaveshit proton aur electrons kii anupasthiti key kaaran neutronium adhik sampeedit honah chaahiye. yeh neutronium koo (sakaratmak-"jaid") paramanu naabhik kii tulanaa mein adhik urjaavaan roop seey anukool banaata haye aur electron grahan key madhyam seey (apakshayi) neutronium mein unake roopaantaran kii or leey jaataa haye, ack aisee prakriya joe maanaa jaataa haye kii vishal sitaaron key jivankal key antim sekand mein taarakiya core mein hoti haye, jahaan ise utsarjan key madhyam seey thandaa karke sugam banaaya jaataa haye. parinamswarup, apakshayi neutronium kaa ghanatva gyaat sabse ghaney samanya padarthon kii tulanaa mein lagbhag 14 crum kaa ghanatva hoe sakata haye. yeh siddhant diyaa gayaa thaa kii crum () kaa atyadhik dabaav neutron koo ack ghana samroopata mein vikrit curr sakata haye, jisase neutron kii sakht packing hoe sakati haye, yaa ack ajib padaarth kaa nirmaan hoe sakata haye.

