maark willson johns

maark roland willson johns (janm 1956) ack vastukar aur pramukh vaastushilp itihaaskaar hain, jinake shodh mein pracheen grees aur rome parr dhyaan kendrit karate hue shaastriya vastukala key vibhinn pahaluon koo shamil kiya gayaa haye. vaha smaarkeeya imaraton, vishesh roop seey deva-devta, rome aur roman aur yunani donon sandarbhon mein vaastushilp aadeshon key design parr apane kaam key liye jaane jaate hain. way shaastriya vastukala kii dou mahatvapurna pustakon key lekhak hain, aur vartamaan mein snan vishvavidyalaya mein ack varishth vyakhyata (sahayogi professor) hain.
jeevani.
willson johns ney queens college, cambridge (vastukala mein maa cantab, reeba bhaag 1) aur central landan key polytechnic, abb westminster vishvavidyalaya (vastukala mein diploma, reeba bhaag 2, vishishtata key saath) mein shiksha praapt kii thee. usa samay pee. see. ell. mein vastukala vibhaag koo david lederbaro, erich pairi, demetry porpherios aur robert teverner sahit preranadayak yuva shikshakon seey laabh huaa. willson johns rome mein british school mein vastukala mein rome puraskar (british prix dee rome) kaa karyakal lene key liye rome chaley gaye (1982-1984), baldasare peruzi, palazzo massimo elle collon kii utkrisht kriti parr ack pariyojana key saath, aur yeh pracheen design key baare mein peruzi key vichaaron koo samajhane kii prakriya thee jisane willson johns koo apane swayam key adhikaar mein pracheen roman abhyaas kaa adhyayan karane key liye prerit kiya. iss shodh koo aage badhaane key liye unhein puraatatvavid leukos koza key nirdesh parr soperintendenza puraatatva dee roma (1984-5) key saath ack shodh anubandh seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
landan mein shaferred, appstein aur hunter aur bristol mein brajes toser sahit prathaon key liye ack vastukar key roop mein kaam karate hue, willson johns ney panthion, rome, palezzo massimo elle collon, tempieto aur corinthian order key baare mein apani khojon parr kaee lekh prakaashit kiye. british akadami aur leaverhulm trust seey shodh anudan jeetane key baad way 1991 mein rome vaapas chaley gaye, jahan unhone rome laa sapienza vishvavidyalaya mein niji abhyaas aur shikshan key saath anusandhaan koo sanyukt kiya aur sanyukt raajya america mein adhyetaavritti key saath rome mein karyakramon key saath americi vishvavidyalayon mein bhee. 2000 mein way vastukala aur sivil engineering vibhaag, snan vishvavidyalaya mein chaley gaye, jahan unhone kaasa key nideshak aur snatkottar anusandhaan key nideshak key roop mein kaary kiya haye. unake shodh koo aeye. aar. aar. see. sahit nikaayon seey dhana praapt huaa haye aur unhone 2007 mein kanada key vastukala kendra mein ack shodh fellowship aayojit kii thee.
willson johns ack panjikrit vastukar hain. unake peshevar abhyaas aur puraataatvik hiton ney kabhi-kabhi rome key uttar mein kosa key sthal parr ack aashray key liye aayog key roop mein, aur elizabeth fentress kii pahal parr, vishva smaarak kosh (2001-2003) key liye morakko mein volubilis key sthal key liye ack masterplan koo kaat diyaa haye. vaha 2001 seey snan sanrakshan nyaas kii vastukala aur yojana samiti key sadasya rahey hain, aur 2010 seey ack nyasi hain. unhone 2006 seey 2011 taka rome mein british school key puraatatva, itihas aur patron key sankaay mein kaary kiya haye, aur 2010 mein americi puraatatva sansthaan key sambandhit sadasya chune gaye they.
unhone rome vishvavidyalaya mein neurology key professor donetella kairamiya seey shaadi kii haye.
shodh.
jabaki willson johns key adhikansh shodh kaa vidvatapurna vatavaran puraataatvik haye, yeh ack vaastushilp drishtikon dwara visheshta haye. vaha pramukh ansuljhe muddon kii or aakarshit hotaa haye, vishesh roop seey yadi punarjagaran key baad seey yaa pracheen kaal seey bhee bahut bahas hoe rahee haye. unaki khojen vidvatapurna sarvasammati key sambandh mein pratimaan parivartan koo aamantrit karati hain. ack udaaharan unakaa pradarshan haye kii romanon ney stambhon key corinthian crum koo nichale stambh vyaas key aadhar parr anupaat key anusaar naheen banaaya, jaisa kii vitruvius aur unake punarjagaran anuyaayiyon dwara nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh tark clod parault dwara 1683 mein diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin unhone aur baad key adhikaariyon ney galati seey roman design koo kewal anubhavjanya maanaa. willson johns ney halanki saabit kiya kii lagbhag antaheen bhinnata key saath abhee taka sangat honey key bavjood romanon ney vaastav mein saral ankganitiya anupaat (ee.jee. 1:1,1:2 aur 6:5) corinthian stambhon koo design aur utpaadan karane key liye. roman design kii unaki kritrim drishti "roman vastukala key siddhanton" (yell vishvavidyalaya press, 2000) key roop mein dikhaai dee, ekmatra pustak jise raiba dwara lekhakon key club off grate britten aur ellis davis hitchcock medallion key saath milkar mahaan britten key vastukala itihaskaron key samaaj dwara bannister fletcher puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa haye.
adhyayan aur vivaad kaa ack sthaayi vishay panthion, rome rhaa haye, joe vastukala itihas key sabse prasiddh prateekon mein seey ack honey key bavjood yakinan ack trutipurna utkrisht kriti haye. ack samjhauta design kaa siddhant, pahali baar 1987 mein paul davis aur david hemsol key saath prakaashit huaa, jise roman vastukala key siddhanton mein adhyaayon kii antim jodee mein aage vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. halanki vyaapak roop seey apanaaya gayaa haye, 'samjhauta parikalpana' koo pracheen design parr ack saathi pradhikaran lother hasselberger dwara ladaa gayaa haye. willson johns ney nibandhon key khand mein aage kii pushti prakaashit kii haye, "pracheen kaal seey vartamaan taka devdev" (cambridge vishvavidyalaya press, 2015). aadeshon aur yunani mandir kii prakriti aur aadeshon mein dou dashakon key shodh kii parinati "shaastriya vastukala kii utpattih pracheen grees mein mandiron, aadeshon aur devtaon koo upahaar" (yell vishvavidyalaya press, 2014) pustak mein hui haye. vaha vartamaan mein vishvavidyalaya key saath kaam kartaa haye

