
sthaaniyakaran aur shaharikaran arthavyavasthaaen

sthaaniyakaran aur shaharikaran arthavyavasthaaen dou prakaar kii baahari arthavyavasthaaen hain, yaa samooh arthavyavasthaaen. kissy bhee company key baahar key karakon key kaaran poore udyog, kshetra yaa arthavyavastha kii utpaadaktaa mein vriddhi key parinamswarup baahari arthavyavasthaaen hoti hain. paimaane kii baahari arthvyavasthaon key teen srot hainh nivesh sajhakaran, shram bajar pooling, aur gyaan kaa prasaar (marshel, 1920).
sthaaniyakaran arthavyavasthaaen taba hoti hain jaba kissy shahar mein kissy udyog key aakar mein vriddhi seey kissy vishesh gatividhi kii utpaadaktaa mein vriddhi hoti haye. alfred marshel (1920) ney iss vichaar koo pesh kiya kii udyog kaa sthaaniyakaran unaki pustak arthshastra key siddhanton mein utpaadaktaa badhaa sakata haye. silicon ghaati mein atyadhik kendrit uchch takneek udyog audyogik sthaaniyakaran kaa udaaharan haye. halanki silicon ghaati mein shram aur bhoomi kii laagat bahut adhik haye, uchch takniki farmon kaa vahaan pataa lagaana jaari haye kyonki way uchch kushal shram pool seey apani nikatata seey praapt atirikt laabh key kaaran. uchch takneek udyog kaa aakar, silicon ghaati mein sthit pratyek firm key liye sakaratmak bahreeta paida kartaa haye.
shaharikaran arthavyavasthaaen taba utpann hoti hain jaba shahar key aakar seey utpaadaktaa mein vriddhi hoti haye. loss angils shaharikaran arthvyavasthaon kaa udaaharan detaa haye kii iska koee ekal pramukh udyog naheen haye, phir bhee iska vikas jaari haye. loss angils mein sthit farmon koo shahar mein paae jaane vaale samanya sansadhanon aur badey shram pool seey laabh hotaa haye. sadakon, imaraton aur bijli aapoorti jaise samanya sansadhanon seey shaharon mein companiyon koo laabh hotaa haye, chaahe way apane udyog kii parwah kiye binaa houn. saath hii, companiyon kii shaharon mein kaam karke shramikon taka behtar pahunch hoti haye. shahari vatavaran sakaratmak baahareetaon kaa nirmaan kartaa haye joe kaee alag-alag udyogon koo labhanvit kartaa haye. jaine jacobs koo aksar iss vichaar kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye kii shahari vividhata aur shahar kaa aakar ektrikaran arthvyavasthaon kii or leey jaataa haye. haalaanki, marshal kii (1920) shahari vividhata kii charcha unake kaam seey pahale kii haye.

