
albert casselring

 albert casselring (30 navambar 1885-16 julaai 1960) ack german sainya adhikaari they aur yuddh aparaadhi they jinhone dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran "luftwafe" mein seva kii thee. donon vishva yuddhon mein faile ack currier mein, casselring naazi germany key sabse atyadhik sajaae gaye commanders mein seey ack bunn gaye, kewal 27 sainya karmiyon mein seey ack they jinhen oak key patton, talvaaron aur heere key saath lohe key cross key night cross seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
casselring 1904 mein ack adhikaari cadet key roop mein bavarian senaa mein shamil hue, topkhaane kii shakha mein seva karate hue. unhone 1912 mein ack gubbare paryavekshak key roop mein prashikshan puuraa kiya. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, unhone paschimi aur purvi donon morchon parr seva kii aur yuddh akadami mein bhaag naheen lene key bavjood senaa key karmchaariyon mein tainaat they. casselring ney yuddh key baad seva kii, lekin 1933 mein vimanan mantralaya mein prashaasan vibhaag key pramukh banane key liye unhein chhutti dey dee gaee, jahan way german vimanan udyog kii punah sthaapana aur isaki neenv rakhane mein shamil hoe gaye, 1936 seey 1938 taka isake cheef off staff key roop mein kaary kiya.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, unhone polland aur france key german akramanon, britten kii ladaai aur soviyat sangh key aakraman mein senaa kii kamaan sambhali. dakshin mein commander-inn-cheef key roop mein, vaha bhoomadhyasagariya rangmanch mein samagr german commander they, jisamen uttar african abhiyaan shamil thaa. casselring ney itali mein sahayogi balon key khilaf ack rakshaatmak abhiyaan chalaaya, jisamen kaee narsamhaaron kaa adesh diyaa gayaa, jaba taka kii way octuber 1944 mein ack durghatana mein ghayal naheen hoe gaye. yuddh key apane antim abhiyaan mein, unhone paschimi morche parr german balon kii kamaan sambhali. yuddh key dauran, unhone apani sainya uplabdhiyon key liye apane sahayogi virodhiyon kaa sammaan jeetaa.
yuddh key baad, casselring koo yuddh apraadhon kaa doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur arditine narsamhar mein 335 italvi nagrikon kii hatyaa kaa adesh dene aur italvi pratirodh andolan key khilaf pratishodh key hisse key roop mein nagrikon koo maarne key liye apane sainikon koo ukasaane aur adesh dene key liye maut kii sajaa sunai gaee. baad mein sajaa koo aajivan karawas mein badal diyaa gayaa. ack raajneetik aur media abhiyaan key parinamswarup 1952 mein unhein swaasthya key aadhar parr riha curr diyaa gayaa. unhone 1953 mein apane sansmaran ("antim dinn taka ack sanic") prakaashit kiye. casselring ney teen diggajon key sangathanon kii maanad adhyakshata sweekaar keeh dha, jisamen diggaj shamil they; dha, dha veterance association off dha africa corps; aur, sabse vivadaspad roop seey, 1960 mein marane seey pahale dakshinpanthi.
praarambhik jeevan.
albert casselring kaa janm 30 navambar 1885 koo marketsteft, bavaria mein huaa thaa, joe ack school master aur town counsellor carle adolph casselring aur unaki patni rosina, carle kii doosari chacheri bahan key bete they. albert key shuruati saal marketsteft mein bitaaye gaye they, jahan rishtedaron ney 1688 seey ack sharaab kii dukaan kaa sanchaalan kiya thaa.
1904 mein beareth mein christian ernestinum maadhyamik vidyalaya seey snaatak honey key baad, casselring german senaa mein doosari bavarian phut artillery resiment mein ack (adhikaari cadet) key roop mein shamil hoe gaye. resiment metz mein sthit thee aur apane kilon key rakharkhaav key liye jimmedaar thee. way 1915 taka resiment key saath rahey, 1905 seey 1906 taka sainya akadami mein avadhi koo chhodkar, jisake baad unhein ack (leftinent) key roop mein apana commission milaa, aur 1909 seey 1910 taka munich mein topkhaane aur engineering key school mein.
1910 mein, casselring ney beareth key ack aushadhi kii betty, luis enaa paulin (linny) keysler seey shaadi kii. unaki shaadi nihsantaan thee, lekin 1913 mein unhone albert key dusare chachere bhaai curt casselring key bete rainer koo god liya. 1912 mein, casselring ney ack gubbare paryavekshak key roop mein ack dirigible section mein prashikshan puuraa kiya-joe vimanan mein ruchi kaa ack praarambhik sanket haye. casselring key varishthon ney unhein "ranneeti aur praudyogiki key beach paraspar kriya" mein unaki visheshagyata key kaaran ack prashikshak key roop mein topkhaane aur engineering key school mein tainaat karane parr vichaar kiya.
pratham vishva yuddh.
pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, casselring ney 1914 key anta taka lauren mein apani resiment key saath seva kii, jaba unhein pahali bavarian phut artillery mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, joe chhathi senaa kaa hissa thee. 19 maee 1916 koo unhein (kaptan) key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa. 1916 mein unhein phir seey teesare bavarian phut artillery mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. unhone 1917 mein araas kii ladaai mein, bees ghante seey adhik samay taka duty parr rahane key bavjood, "apane athak aur mehnati kaam seey, aur spasht aur saavdhaanipoorvak nirmit aadeshon kii taiyari seey" khud koo pratishthit kiya, aur angrejon kii pragati koo rokane mein safal rahey. paschimi morche parr unaki sevaaon key liye, unhein lohe key cross, pratham shreni seey sajaaya gayaa thaa.
1917 mein, bavarian yuddh akadami mein bhaag naheen lene key bavjood, unhein samanya karmchaariyon mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. unhone purvi morche parr dusare bavarian division key karmchaariyon parr seva kii. yahaan unake anubhav ney unake baad key saamyvaad virodhi raajneetik drishtikon koo aakar diyaa. janwari 1918 mein, vaha dwiteeya aur tritiya shaahi bavarian core key saath ack karmchari adhikaari key roop mein paschimi morche parr laut aae.
yuddhon key beach.
"reachswear.
yuddh key baad, casselring ney neuremberg kshetra mein III royal bavarian core key vighatan mein shamil thaa, jaisa kii varsaay kii sandhi dwara anivarya thaa. sthaaniya dakshinpanthi ardhsainik bull key netaa key saath ack vivaad key kaaran III bavarian core kii kamaan key khilaf aeye mein unaki kathit sanliptata key liye giraftari warrant jaari kiya gayaa, aur casselring koo jail mein daal diyaa gayaa. unhein jald hii riha curr diyaa gayaa, lekin unake varishth, mejar hans seller ney "aavashyak vivek pradarshit karane mein whiffle rahane" key liye unaki ninda kii.
1919 seey 1922 taka, casselring ney 24veen topkhaane resiment key saath ack battery commander key roop mein kaary kiya. way 1 octuber 1922 koo senaa mein shamil hue aur berlin mein senaa mantralaya mein sainya prashikshan vibhaag mein tainaat they. way 1929 taka iss pada parr rahey jaba way munich mein wehercreiss VII key commander key roop mein bawaria laut aae. mantralaya key saath apane samay mein, caseloring senaa key sangathan mein shamil they, seemit sansadhanon key saath sarvottam sambhav senaa kaa utpaadan karane key liye karmchaariyon key overhead koo kaatate they. unhone ayudh vibhaag koo phir seey sangathit karane mein madad kii, anusandhaan aur vikas prayason key liye adharshila rakhee joe nae hathiyaron kaa utpaadan karenge. way 1924 mein soviyat sangh mein aayojit gupt sainya yuddhabhyason mein shamil they aur 102-division senaa key liye tathaakathit mahaan yojana, jise 1923 aur 1924 mein taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. 1929 mein casselring kii adhyakshata mein ack aayog kii sifarish key baad, vimanan adhikaariyon aur agencies koo vimanan key ack nireekshan mein samekit kiya gayaa thaa. mantralaya mein ack aur sankshipt karyakal key baad, casselring koo 1930 mein (leftinent curnell) key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa aur unhone chauthe topkhaane resiment key saath dresden mein dou saal bitaaye.
"looftwafe".
casselring koo unaki ichcha key khilaf 1933 mein nausena seey chhutti dey dee gaee thee, aur 1934 mein (curnell) key pada key saath, reich vayu mantralaya () (aar. ell. aim.) key agradoot, vimanan key liye reich aayukt () mein prashaasan vibhaag kaa pramukh niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. kyonki varsaay kii sandhi ney germany koo ack vayu senaa kii sthaapana seey manaa curr diyaa thaa, yeh nammatra ack nagrik agency thee. 26 farwari 1935 taka aupchaarik roop seey isaki sthaapana naheen hui thee. vaha vimanan udyog kii punah sthaapana aur gupt karkhanon key nirmaan mein shamil they, udyogpatiyon aur vimanan engineeron key saath gathbandhan kiya.
caseloring mein padonnati teji seey hui; 1 octuber 1934 koo caseloring koo padonnat kiya gayaa, aur 1 aprail 1936 koo. naazi germany key anya generalon kii tarah, unhein adolph hitler seey vyaktigat masik bhugtan praapt huaa, usa samay caseloring key mamle mein, ack badee raashi.
48 saal kii umr mein, casselring ney udaan bharna seekh liya, puraane sainya siddhant kaa paalan karate hue kii adhikaariyon koo apane aadmiyon koo kuchh bhee karane key liye naheen kahana chaahiye joe way khud naheen karenge. baad mein unhone kahaa kii vayu senaa koo kamaan saunpane mein saksham honey key liye vimanan key sabhi pahaluon kaa pratyaksh gyaan aavashyak thaa, halanki way achchi tarah seey jaanate they kii unake jaise dair seey aaney vaale puraane agraduton yaa yuva vimaan chalakon koo prabhaavit naheen karate they. unhone vibhinn ekal aur bahu-injan vimaanon mein yogyata praapt kii aur march 1945 taka prati saptah teen yaa chaar dinn udaan bharna jaari rakhaa.
ack havaai durghatana mein walter waver kii mrityu key baad, casselring 3 juuna 1936 koo aircraft key cheef off staff bunn gaye. usa pada parr, unhone meserscommit bee. aff 109 fighter aur junkers jaise nae vimaan prakaron key adhigrahan jaise meserscommit bee. aff 109 fighter aur junkers julaai 87 "stuca" dive-bomber aur paratroop key vikas kaa nireekshan kiya.
iss samay key dauran casselring kaa mukhya parichaalan kaary spanish grihyuddh mein kondor senaa kaa samarthan thaa. unakaa karyakal unake varishth, kathor dushit key saath vyaktigat aur peshevar sanghrshon seey prabhaavit thaa, aur casselring koo raahat dene key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. dudhe key saath unakaa sangharsh unake poorvavarti, waver key vipareet thaa. kull milakar yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii casselring ack prabhaavi cheef off staff naheen they, mukhya roop seey isaliye kii unake paas waver kii ranneetik antardrishti kii kamee thee. casselring ney ack feeled kamaand mein sthanantaran kaa anurodh kiya, aur herman goring key pramukh ney unhein dresden mein (air district III) kii kamaan dee. casselring koo 1937 mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1938 mein janwari 1940 taka caseloring key commander baney.
looftwafe siddhant parr prabhaav.
havaai siddhant key kshetra mein, james koram ney caseloring koo waver key "yogya uttaradhikari" key roop mein varnit kiya haye. kaee poorv senaa adhikaariyon kii tarah, casselring ney saamarik bhoomika mein vayu shakti key mahatva koo dekhaa, joe bhoomi sanchaalan koo sahaayata pradaan kartaa haye. looftwafe kii itihaslekhan mein, casselloring aur hains-jurgen stumpf koo aamtaur parr senaa key liye karibi havaai samarthan parr adhik dhyaan kendrit karate hue ranneetik bambari kii upeksha key liye doshi thaharaaya jaataa haye. haalaanki, ground-support sanchaalan (yaa tou karibi havaai samarthan yaa havaai pratibandh) parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye dou sabse pramukh utsaahi hyugo sperley aur hains jeschonek they. yeye loga apane shuruati currier seey hii german havaai sevaaon mein shamil lambe samay taka peshevar vayu senaa key sadasya they.
casselring ney lambi doori key bhaari bamvarshak vimaan key utpaadan key karyakram kaa dridhata seey samarthan kiya. cheef off staff key roop mein unhone prabhaavi lambi doori key bambari missions koo anjam dene key liye aur adhik oonchaai parr bumm lakshya rakhane vaalon aur naavikon key liye naee takneekon aur prashikshan kaa samarthan kiya. march 1939 mein casselring ney sandeh vyakt kiya kii yeh raat mein yaa kharaab mausam mein sateek roop seey kiya jaa sakata haye. german vaigyaanik anyatha saabit karane mein safal rahey, aur ack safal radio navigation pranali vikasit kii.
senaa kii maangon key kaaran yaa poorv senaa karmiyon key netritva mein luftwafe parr jamini samarthan abhiyaanon mein dabaav naheen daala gayaa thaa. pratibandh aur karibi havaai sahaayata aise sanchaalan they joe yuddh key liye luftwafe key maujooda drishtikon key anukool theh swatantra ranneetik havaai abhiyaanon key bajaay sanyukt antar-seva sanchaalan kii sanskriti. isake alawa, looftwafe kamaan key kaee adhikaariyon kaa maanana thaa kii madhyam bamvarshak germany key sabse sambhaavit dushmanon, britten aur france key khilaf ranneetik bambari abhiyaanon mein upayog key liye paryaapt shakti mein hain. aprail 1937 mein waver kii lambi doori kii ural bamvarshak pariyojana koo radd karane kaa casselring ney virodh kiya thaa. 2 juuna koo aar. ell. aim. ney maan liya aur ack behtar pradarshan karane vaale design kaa adesh diyaa, joe kii henkel bunn gayaa aur 177. pariyojana ney casselring left offices key roop mein aakar leey liya.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
polland.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh shuru honey vaale polish abhiyaan mein, casselloring ney senaa samooh uttar key samarthan mein kaam kiya, jisaki kamaan fedder wonn bock ney sambhali. caserling key paas 1,105 vimaan they, jabaki alekjendar lohar key 729 vimaan gurd wonn rundstead key senaa samooh dakshin key samarthan mein they. casselring ney havaai kshetron parr hamalon koo uchch prathamikta dee. havaai shreshthata mission key dauran vimaan aur vimaan seey sambandhit hathiyar karkhanon jaise ranneetik lakshyon parr hamla kiya gayaa aur yeh iska hissa banaa. ack baar havaai ladaai jeetane key baad, kewal tabhi havaai sahaayata aur havaai pratibandh parr apana dhyaan kendrit kiya.
abhiyaan key pahale dinon mein saamarik aur parichaalan kaa dhyaan ranneetik bambari kaa khandan naheen thaa. 1 sitambar seey shuru honey vaali varsau (operation) kii niyojit ranneetik bambari koo kharaab mausam key kaaran sthagit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. jaba taka mausam saaf huaa, senaa kaa samarthan abhiyaan itna achchha chala rhaa thaa kii jore badalane mein anichha thee.
titar-bitar kiye gaye polish havaai kshetron kaa pataa lagaane mein kathinaaee hui, aur kewal 24 polish vimaan jameen parr nasht hoe gaye. jawabi-vayu abhiyaan utanaa safal naheen thaa jitna kii bamon parr doshpurna sanlayan key kaaran huaa hoga-ack sabak jald hii thheek hoe gayaa. vayu shreshthata sanchaar koo nasht karane key madhyam seey poori kii gaee, jisase senaa kii pragati kii gati badhee aur jamini balon koo havaai pattiyon aur praarambhik chetavani sthalon koo paar karane mein saksham banaaya gayaa. chhitput polish havaai pratirodh 14 sitambar taka jaari rhaa. polish vayu senaa ney casselring kaa sammaan arjit kiya aur unhone maanaa kii polish pilot aur vimaan kamtar naheen they. abhiyaan key dauran khud casselloring koo goli maar dee gaee thee, joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran unhein goli maarne kii paanch baar mein seey pahali baar thee.
halanki bock kii kamaan mein naheen, casselring kaa uddeshya teesare dinn seey polish galiyare koo bund karane mein senaa samooh uttar kaa samarthan karna thaa, jisake baad teesari senaa kaa samarthan karane parr jore diyaa gayaa kyonki yeh poorv seey varsau koo alag karane key liye vistula key saath aage badhee. 8 sitambar seey casselloring ney pulon key khilaf pratibandh abhiyaan shuru curr diyaa kyonki german senaa ney varsau parr aage badhana shuru curr diyaa. jaba ack shaktishali polish jawabi hamale ney ack sankat paida kiya, tou unhone bazura kii ladaai mein yogdan diyaa. division mein unake gotakhor-bamvarshak kaa 70 pratishat thaa aur 6 sitambar koo unhein lohar mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. havaai hamalon ney dou polish senaaon koo nasht karane mein sahaayata kii.
16/17 sitambar koo havaai bede koo polland parr soviyat aakraman key baare mein soochit kiya gayaa thaa. dostana golibari kii ghatnaaon seey bachane key liye madhya aur dakshini polland mein sainikon kii sandrata key khilaf samarthan abhiyaan bund curr diyaa gayaa. casselring ney sitambar key antim saptah mein varsau key khilaf havaai hamalon kii ack shrinkhala banaakar polish pratirodh koo kuchalane kaa prayaas kiya. sainya abhiyaan key lagbhag samaapt honey key saath, polish pratirodh hell praaydweep, varsau aur modelyn taka hii seemit thaa. casselring key havaai bede koo shahar key uttar mein saunpa gayaa thaa. aaney vaale hamalon mein, shahar kii lagbhag 10 pratishat imaaraten nasht hoe gaeen aur 40 pratishat kshatigrast hoe gaeen. bambari mein 20,000 seey 25,000 nagrik maare gaye. casselring ney jore dekar kahaa kii kewal sainya lakshyon parr hamla kiya gayaa thaa, lekin sateek hathiyaron kii kamee ney bambari koo andhadhundh aur sainya roop seey aprabhaavi banaa diyaa. polish abhiyaan mein apani bhoomika key liye, casselring koo vyaktigat roop seey hitler dwara night cross off dha iron cross seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
france aur nichale deshon mein.
caselorings paschim mein abhiyaanon kii taiyari mein shamil naheen thaa. isake bajaay, yeh poorv mein garrison duty parr banaa rhaa, nae havaai adde aur kabje vaale polland mein ack havaai-hamla savdhani network sthaapit kiya. haalaanki, mechelen ghatana key baad, jisamen ack vimaan ney german aakraman yojana kii pratiyon key saath belgium mein jabaran utarane key liye kahaa, goring ney helmuth felmi key commander koo apani kamaan seey mukt curr diyaa aur 15 janwari 1940 koo unake sthaan parr casselring koo niyukt kiya. paschim mein pahunchane parr, casselring koo bock key senaa samooh bee kaa samarthan karane key liye niyukt kiya gayaa.
nichale deshon mein caseloring adhik bhaari roop seey pratibaddh thaa, jisamen unaki vayu kamaan key tatva neetherland parr hamale-neetherland kii ladaai-aur belgium kii ladaai koo rekhaankit karate they. isamen "fort holland" kshetra mein havaai kshetron aur pulon koo jabt karane key liye rotterdam aur hegg key aspas ack havaai abhiyaan shamil thaa. paratroopers curt chhaatr kii vayu senaa seey they. hitler key adesh parr havaai aur jamini sanchaalan ack saath shuru honah thaa. bock ney hegg operation mein bahut cumm ruchi dikhaai aur dutch sarkaar key kabze koo bonus key alawa aur kuchh naheen maanaa. unhone kille holland koo todane key bajaay mordic pulon koo jabt karna pasand kiya. casselring ney vaadaa kiya kii unakaa vayu bedaa francisi senaa koo aage badhane aur hastakshep karane seey rokega.
neetherland kii ladaai 10 maee 1940 koo shuru hui. chhote belgium key khilaf casselring kaa havaai abhiyaan safal rhaa, joe aprabhaavi hoe gayaa, aur shaahi neetherland vayu senaa, halanki dutch ney unake aatmasamarpan taka neetherland koo pareshan kiya. shuru mein safal honey key bavjood, paratroopers koo hegg kii ladaai aur rotterdam kii ladaai mein bhayankar virodh kaa saamana karna padaa. parivahan vimaan kaa 54 pratishat khou gayaa; 125 nasht hoe gaye, 53 funce gaye aur 47 gambhir roop seey kshatigrast hoe gaye. lagbhag 4,000 paratroop (1,200 kaidi) hataahat hue.
14 maee 1940 koo, chhaatr seey sahaayata key ahwan aur 18veen senaa kii kamaan sambhaalane vaale george wonn cookler dwara shahar parr bambari kii maang kaa jawab dete hue, casselring ney rotterdam shahar key kendra parr bambari kaa adesh diyaa. aag niyantran seey baahar hoe gaee, jisase shahar kaa adhikansh hissa nasht hoe gayaa. anumaanit 800 nagrik maare gaye aur 78,000 beghar hoe gaye.
yuddhakaaleen sahayogi samachar patron ney bhavishyavani kii kii casselring "itihas mein usa vyakti key roop mein yaad kiya jaayega jisane asahaay dutch shahar rotterdam parr bambari kaa nirdeshan kiya aur hajaaron nagrikon kii hatyaa curr dee."1907 key hegg convention key tahat, bambari koo hii pratibandhit naheen kiya gayaa thaa kyonki rotterdam ack asurakshit shahar naheen thaa, lekin bambari key anya pahaluon ney yuddh key kaanoonon kaa ullanghan kiya hoga. itihaaskaar iss baat koo laker vibhajit hain kii kyaa bambari ack aatankvaadi kaary thaa yaa ack saamarik uddeshya puuraa kiya.
14 maee 1940 koo neetherland key aatmasamarpan key baad, belgium mein nae havaai kshetron mein aage badhane kaa prayaas kiya gayaa, jabaki abhee bhee teji seey aage badhane vaale jamini sainikon koo samarthan pradaan kiya gayaa. france kii ladaai achchi chala rahee thee, henz guderian ney 13 maee 1940 koo sedan mein nadee muse koo paar karane key liye majboor kiya. safalata kaa samarthan karane key liye, wolfram wonn richthofen [[8 veen vayu senaa (germany)]. koo sthanantarit kiya gayaa. 24 maee taka, sahayogi balon koo dou hisson mein kaat diyaa gayaa thaa, aur german senaa kewal [[dunkirk]] seey thee, joe [[angreji channel] parr antim bandargah thaa joe kataa huaa sahayogi balon key liye upalabdh thaa. haalaanki, usa dinn rundstead ney rukane kaa adesh diyaa.
[[faailah bundsarchive billed 183-2005-0103-505, albert casselring.jey. pee. jee..sahee.angootha.1940 mein casselring]]
goring ney vaadaa kiya kii gherabandi kiye gaye dushman koo havaai bambari seey nasht kiya jaa sakata haye. casselring aur richthofen ney virodh kiya. unhone tark diyaa kii dou saptah kii lagaatar ladaai mein unaki kamaan koo bhaari nuksan huaa haye aur ladaakoo aur gotakhor-bamvarshak apani adhikatam seema parr kaam karane key liye majboor honge. naa hii kissy koo vayu shreshthata praapt karane kaa vishvaas thaa. virodh pradarshanon kii upeksha kii gaee. isane sahayogi koo rokane kaa bojh chhod diyaa [[dunkirk nikasi].dunkirk koo nikaalana] casselring key vayu bede mein. kharaab udaan mausam aur [[shaahi vayu senaa]] (raaf) key kattar virodh seey baadhit, german abhiyaan whiffle rhaa.
casselring aur unake vayu commanders ney apana dhyaan france key liye ladaai key antim charan kii or ghumaaya; [[cases redd]]. 3 juuna koo, laal rung kii prastaavana mein, peris aur usake aspas key karkhanon aur havaai kshetron key khilaf ack ranneetik havaai hamla kiya gayaa. haalaanki german nuksan nyuntam they, lekin parinam nirashajanak they. alakman () (oh. key. ell.) ney operation koo galat tareeke seey safal maanaa. abhiyaan teji seey aage badhaa; isane vayu shreshthata praapt kii aur ise apane paas rakhaa. casselring key vayu bede ney juuna mein ack [operation havaai] koo rokane kaa prayaas kiya.doosari nikasi]. casselring key bamvarshak vimaanon ney aage kii doori taya kii aur angreji channel aur [[bey off biske]] mein (flying division 9) khanan karyon mein yogdan diyaa-unake ack bamvarshak wing ney jahaaj parr hamla karane key ack ghante baad [[22 juuna 1940 kaa yuddhaviram].yuddhaviram]] lagu huaa.
paschim mein abhiyaan mein unaki bhoomika key liye, casselring koo [[1940 key feeled marshel samaroh] key dauran [[feeled marshel]] key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa.
britten kii ladaai.
france mein abhiyaan key baad, casselring [[britten kii ladaai]] key liye pratibaddh thaa. 'iska mukhyalaya [[brussels]] mein sthit thaa. 1940 key madhya mein casselring kaa vayu bedaa sankhyaatmak roop seey sabse majboot thaa. unhone neetherland, belgium aur france mein sanrachanaon koo niyantrit kiya. casselring shuru mein dakshinpurvi ingland aur landan kshetra kii bambari key liye jimmedaar thaa, lekin jaise-jaise ladaai aage badhee, mukhya dinn key ujaale key sanchaalan key dauran hyugo sperley key raat key samay "blitz" hamalon kii jimmedaari lete hue kamaan kii jimmedaari badal gaee.
casselring koo britten parr hamla karane mein sandeh thaa. unhone british sarkaar koo baatchit karane key liye protsaahit karate hue, phir yadi aavashyak hoe tou landan key khilaf rukh karate hue, [[gibralter]] ([[operation felix]]) parr kabja karane kii vakaalat kii. sparal ney aakramankari bandargaahon aur shipping kaa samarthan kiya. goring ney unhein khariz curr diyaa kyonki unhein yakeen thaa kii [[raaf fighter kamaand]] kamjor thaa aur usey jaldi seey haraaya jaa sakata thaa. vayu bede key commanders ney ack havaai shreshthata yojana taiyar karane key liye ack-dusare key saath sahyog naheen kiya, ack sanyukt ranneeti vikasit karane key liye senaa aur nausena key saath antar-seva sammelanon kaa sanchaalan karna bahut cumm thaa. casselring, vishesh roop seey, yeh naheen samajhate they kii raaf ladaakoo raksha kaise kaam karati haye, aur yuddh key baad bhee yeh dhaarana thee kii ladaakoo kamaan koo [dogfite] mein nasht kiya jaa sakata thaa.
yuddh kaa pahala charan-(channel yuddh) mamuli roop seey safal rhaa. [[adlertag].operation eagle] aur [sabse kathin dinn].18 agast] ladaai british vayu raksha koo todane mein whiffle rahee. sitambar 1940 key pahale saptah mein raaf havaai kshetron parr german hamale charam parr pahunch gaye. teesare dinn, goring kaa sperley aur casselring seey saamana huaa. goring koo vishvaas thaa kii ladaakoo kamaan samaapt hoe gaee thee aur unhone antim british ladaakoo bhandar koo baahar nikaalane key liye landan parr hamla karane kaa samarthan kiya thaa. casselloring utsaahpoorvak sahmat hoe gaye; sperley ney naheen kiya. casselring ney goring seey ack poorna hamla karane kaa aagrah kiya, iss apramaanit daave key aadhar parr kii ladaakoo kamaan koo lagbhag nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa. sperley ney casselring key ashawad koo khariz curr diyaa aur british taakat koo 1,000 ladaakon key adhik sateek aankade parr rakhaa. phir bhee, casselring kii dhaarana prabal thee. donon vayu senaa commanders key beach asahamati asamanya naheen thee, aur halanki way shayed hii kabhi jhagadate they, unaki kamaanen alag theen aur unhone apane prayason kaa samanvaya naheen kiya. isake bajaay, unhone alag-alag abhiyaan ladey.
havaai sanchaalan kaa dhyaan landan key kendra mein bandargaahon aur karkhanon koo nasht karane parr kendrit hoe gayaa. ranneeti mein badalaav koo sainya roop seey vivadaspad bataaya gayaa haye. iss nirnay ney nishchit roop seey ladaakoo kamaan parr dabaav koo cumm curr diyaa, lekin yuddh key record aur yuddh key baad key vishleshan seey pataa chalaa haye kii ladaakoo kamaan patan key kagaar parr naheen thee jaisa kii german khufiya dwara maanaa gayaa thaa.
7 sitambar koo casselring kaa havaai bedaa abhee bhee roose mein sabse badaa thaa. unaki kamaan mein kull 1,895 key parichaalan german vimaanon mein seey 1,311 vimaan they. aathh dinn baad akele unake vayu bede ney landan parr dinn key ujaale mein havaai hamla kiya jise yuddh kaa charmotkarsh maanaa jaataa haye. dou-ayami, anumaanit sett-pees hamale kaa manchan karate hue, unhone ladaakoo kamaan key haathon mein khela. jaisa kii ack vishleshak ney likhaa haye, casselring yuddh seey pahale "vaapas vahaan thaa jahan seey usane shuru kiya thaa". vayu senaa key liye parinam gambhir they [britten key dinn kii ladaai].15 sitambar 1940]. german vimaan chalakon ney ack taiyar dushman kaa saamana kiya aur pratibaddh bull kaa 5.5 pratishat khou diyaa. dopahar mein german bamvarshak dall key nuksan kii darr bheje gaye bull key 18 pratishat taka pahunch gaee. german chaalak dall kaa nuksan angrejon kii tulanaa mein saat gunaa adhik thaa. isake alawa, ladaakoo kamaan ney mukhya hamalon key dauran apana reserve naheen kiya jaisa kii german kamaan ney bhavishyavani kii thee.
 maee 1941 taka british shaharon parr [[blitz]] jaari rhaa. sanchaalan kaa kshetra [[celsey bill]] seey [[oxford]], [[birmingham]]-[[manchester]] aur [[carlisle]] taka ack line parr vistaarit thaa. usa rekha key paschim mein sub kuchh sperley kii jimmedaari thee. 20 octuber koo, oh. key. ell. ney shukra koo raat key sanchaalan kaa adhikansh bojh uthaane kaa adesh diyaa. casselring koo [[purvi ingland]] mein bandargaahon parr dhyaan kendrit karane aur prati raat landan mein cumm seey cumm 50 havaai hamale karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa. vayu bede ney ekal-injan vaale vimaanon koo tainaat kiya, jisamen gotakhor-bamvarshak shamil they, jinhen hitt-aind-runn redd mein "(halke caseloring) upnaam diyaa gayaa thaa. yeye ranneetiyaan blitz key baad key charanon kii ack visheshta bunn gaeen.
havaai bede ney [[birmingham blitz mein ack badee bhoomika nibhai..birmingham] aur [saha-pravishti blitz], key samarthan seey, jisane hamale mein 448 bamvarshakon mein seey 304 koo pradaan kiya. jeevit german record bataate hain kii saha-pravesh chhaape kaa uddeshya motor vaahan udyog key liye mahatvapurna utpaadan aur punarnirmaan koo baadhit karna thaa, lekin yeh bhee [[dehousing]].dehouse]] shramik. sanchaalan key kshetra mein dou anya ayudh kendra they-donon [[patwar blitz]].port off hull aur audyogik shahar [schafield blitz].havaai bede kii kamaan key tahat ikaaiyon dwara schafield parr bhaari bambari kii gaee thee. bede kii kaee ikaaiyaan disambar 1940 mein hue hamale mein shamil theen, jise [[landan kii doosari badee aag]] key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
soviyat sangh kaa aakraman.
haalaanki soviyat sangh key khilaf abhiyaanon key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin maee 1941 taka paschim mein rhaa. british shaharon parr dabaav banaae rakhna luftwaff kii poorv kii or tainaati koo chhipaane key liye ack dhokhe kaa upaay thaa. german havaai kshetra kaa nirmaan bhee nirdhaarit samay seey peechhe chalaa gayaa thaa aur way maee taka yuddh ikaaiyon kii mejbani naheen curr sakate they, halanki way 22 juuna 1941 koo [operation barbarosa] kii shuruat key liye taiyar they. casselring ney teji seey chalane vaale bakhtarband stambhon key saath baney rahane key liye atirikt parivahan aavantit karane key liye goring kii vyavastha kii. german kii viphalata [[sainya rasad]].]] 1941 key anta taka luftwafe key 100,000 vaahanon mein seey kewal 15 pratishat chaalu reh gaye.
 [[senaa samooh kendra]] key samarthan mein sanchaalit, bock kii kamaan mein, donon key beach ghanishth kaary sambandh jaari rakhaa. casselring kaa mission havaai shreshthata praapt karna thaa, aur yadi sambhav hoe tou [[vayu sarvochata]], abhee bhee jamini sanchaalan kaa samarthan karate hue. isake liye unake paas 1,223 vimaanon kaa bedaa thaa, joe looftwaff kii pratibaddhata kaa aadhaa hissa thaa. casselring ney baad mein tippani kii kii unhone "merrie vayu senaa aur flack generalon koo senaa kii ichchhaon koo merey adesh key roop mein maanane kaa nirdesh diyaa."
german hamale ney badee sankhya mein [[soviyat vayu senaa]] vimaanon koo jameen parr pakad liya. doshpurna ranneeti-ranneeti key anusaar kharaab sanrachanaon mein niyamit antaral parr germans key khilaf binaa kissy sahaayata key bamvarshak koo bhejana-kaee aur key liye jimmedaar thaa. casselring ney bataaya kii sanchaalan key pahale saptah mein havaa mein aur jameen parr 2,500 soviyat vimaan they. yahaan taka kii goring koo bhee inn aankadon parr vishvaas karna mushkil lagaa aur unhone unhein jaanchane kaa adesh diyaa. jaise-jaise jamini sanic aage badhe, aankadon kii seedhe pushti kii jaa sakati thee aur way bahut cumm paae gaye. casselring ney likhaa kii kuchh hii dinon mein, vaha bhoobhaag kaa nireekshan karane aur aage badhane key liye apane [[fauke-walf fw 189] [[tohi vimaan]] mein saamane seey udaan bharane mein saksham hoe gaye.
vayu varchasva praapt karane key saath, jamini sanchaalan parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, vishesh roop seey bakhtarband bhaale key kinaaron kii raksha karna, jisake binaa teji seey aage badhana sambhav naheen thaa. jaba dushman [jawabi hamla] kii dhamki dee gaee, tou casselring ney apani poori taakat unake khilaf fenk dee. abb jaba senaa havaai sahaayata key moolya key baare mein aashvast thee, tou ikaaiyaan isake liye coll karane key liye bahut ichchuk theen. casselring koo abb senaa koo yeh samajhaana padaa kii havaai sahaayata mahatvapurna binduon parr kendrit honey chaahiye. unhone naee ranneetiyon key saath senaa-vayu sahyog mein sudhaar karane aur ack vishesh karibi vayu sahaayata commander key roop mein [[martin feabig]] kii niyukti kaa prayaas kiya.
26 julaai taka, casselring ney 165 tankon, 2,136 vaahanon aur 194 topkhaane key tukadon key nasht honey kii soochana dee thee. unake bede ney yeh bhee daavaa kiya kii 915 vimaan (jameen parr 823) aur 1,574 [[udaan]] mein 60 injan nasht hoe gaye. casselring key vayu bede ney bialistoke-minsk kii ladaai mein sahaayata pradaan kii.bialistoke-minsk] aur [smolensk kii ladaai (1941).smolensk]. [dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein minsk parr bambari.minsk german havaai hamalon seey tabah hoe gayaa thaa. unaki vayu shakti kaa uttar mein achaanak sthanantaran, kharaab mausam, aur unake kshetra mein laal vayu senaa key punrutthan key kaaran haar hui [[yelanya aakramak]].sitambar mein yelna mein]. safal gherabandi kii ladaai kii keemat gambhir thee. smolensk key liye ladaai key dauran terah dinon kii avadhi mein, 6-19 julaai seey, casselring key vayu bede ney 447 vimaan khou diye.
1941 key anta mein, masco key khilaf antim german aakraman kaa samarthan kiya, [masco kii ladaai].operation typhoon]. masco parr hamale khatarnak saabit hue. casselring ney ladaakon aur [vimaan-rodhi] bandookon donon seey vipaksh koo mulyankan kiya. casselring ney 21 julaai koo rajdhani parr bambari shuru kii, jisamen chaar bamvarshak vingon kii sankhya 195 vimaan thee-joe iss avadhi key dauran sabse badaa thaa. octuber 1941 mein ranneetik bambari abhiyaan gahan they, lekin senaa key samarthan kshetra seey modd diyaa gayaa, aur havaai prayaas koo whiffle curr diyaa. sainya roop seey unakaa koee prabhaav naheen padaa aur inhen pratishtha abhiyaan maanaa jaataa thaa. casselloring chhaapon key parinamon key baare mein asamanya roop seey nirashawadi thaa.
praarambhik charanon mein casselring key vayu bede ney prabhaavi samarthan sanchaalan kiya. 3 octuber koo, isane daavaa kiya kii 984 udaanon mein 679 vaahan nasht hoe gaye, aur agale dinn 450 vaahan aur 22 tank nasht hoe gaye. kharaab mausam ney octuber seey operation typhoon mein jamini sanchaalan mein baadha daali, havaai sanchaalan koo aur bhee baadhit kiya, lekin mahatvapurna tohi, pratibandh, nikat-vayu samarthan aur havaai punah aapoorti missions koo udaanaa jaari rakhaa. hamalon kii teevrata udaan bharane vaale yuddh abhiyaanon kii sankhya mein spasht theeh 7 octuber koo 690, aur 10 octuber koo 537, aur 12 aur 13 octuber koo lagbhag 900. 10 octuber key missions key parinamswarup 450 vaahanon aur 150 topkhaane key tukadon koo nasht curr diyaa gayaa. jeet mein atyadhik aatmavishvaas key kaaran bhoomadhyasagariya kshetra mein casselring key vayu bede kii vaapsee hui. vayu senaa koo germany yaa anya kshetron mein bheja gayaa thaa.
22 juuna aur 5 disambar 1941 key beach, looftwafe ney 2,093 vimaan khou diye. soviyat sroton ney laal vayu senaa key kull vimaanon koo 21,200 nuksan bataaya, jinamen seey cumm seey cumm 10,000 havaai yuddh mein nasht hoe gaye they. prabhaavshaali aankadon key bavjood, 5 disambar koo, laal senaa ney badey paimaane parr jawabi hamla shuru kiya, jisase masco aur barbarta key liye khatra samaapt hoe gayaa. navambar mein casselring key vayu bede koo hataane key nirnay ney soviyat sangh mein german vayu shakti koo aparivartaniya roop seey kamjor curr diyaa. juuna mein germany ney vayu varchasva kaa anand liya aur julaai 1941 mein ack morche parr upasthiti banaae rakhane key tanaav key kaaran samaapt hoe gayaa. anya theatres mein pratibaddhataon mein vriddhi ney purvi morche parr lambe samay taka karibi havaai samarthan koo banaae rakhane key liye looftwafe koo paryaapt bhandar lagaane seey roque diyaa. laal vayu senaa ack vyavharya khatra bunny rahee joe yuddh jaari rahane key saath hii badh gaee.
bhoomadhyasagariya aur uttari africa.
[[faailah bundesarchive billed 146-1989-089-00, nordafrica, romel, bairlean, casselring.jey. pee. jee..angootha.sahee.seedha.ault = caseloring africa corps shally mein registan vardi.uttari africa, farwari 1942. casselring (daaen) [[[[[[[[[[[[]]] key [[[[[[[[[[[[]]] [[[[[[[[[[]]]] key [[[[[[[[[[[]]]] [[[[[[[[[]]]] [[[[[[[[]]]]] key saath milata haye.]]
navambar 1941 mein, casselring koo dakshin mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa aur unhein apane karmchaariyon key saath itali sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe usa samay unake commander-inn-cheef dakshin karmchaariyon key roop mein bhee kaam curr rahey they. kewal janwari 1943 mein unhone apana mukhyalaya ack vaastavik [[rangmanch (yuddh)] mein banaaya..theatre]] karmchari aur niyantran key liye ack alag karmchari banaaen. ack rangmanch commander key roop mein, vaha seedhe (oh. key. doubleu.) key prati jawabdeh they aur jamini, nausena aur vayu senaa kii kamaan sambhaalate they, lekin shuru mein iska koee mahatva naheen thaa kyonki rangmanch mein adhikansh german ikaaiyaan italvi parichaalan niyantran mein theen.
1941 mein yeh spasht thaa kii [[malta] koo kaun niyantrit kartaa thaa, usey laabh thaa. dweep samudri vyaapaar maargon key raaste mein bhoomadhyasagariya key beach mein baithaa thaa-aur malties-adharit british balon ney aksh nauvahan kaa bhaari nuksan uthaaya thaa. joe ack aisaa aadhar pradaan kartaa thaa jahan seey british vimaan aur pandubbiyaan uttari africa kii or jaane vaale aksh kafile koo roque sakati theen. unake dwara leey jaaee gaee mahatvapurna aapoorti, vishesh roop seey eendhan key binaa, uttari africa mein aksh bull sanchaalan naheen curr sakate they. octuber 1941 mein, aksh aapoorti jahaajon kaa 63 pratishat doob gayaa thaa, aur navambar mein yeh 77 pratishat thaa. samay-samay parr, casselring ney sthaaniya vayu shreshthata aur [[malta kii gherabandi (1940)] kii sthaapana kii..tatasth malta]. casselring ney dweep key havaai kshetron, bandargaahon aur buniyaadi dhaanche parr hamalon kaa adesh diyaa, saath hii [[malta kafile]], joe dweep koo bhojan aur yuddh samagri pradaan karate they.
casselring ney tatkaal prabhaav daala. 20 march 1942 koo aupchaarik roop seey aakraman shuru huaa. bambari key prayaas kaa ack tihai havaai kshetron key khilaf nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa. paraspar virodhi aksh prathmiktaon, aparyaapt balon aur bull kii ekagrata key saath-saath malta koo majboot karane aur aapoorti karane key liye british dridh sankalp ney casselring koo haraaya. maee 1942 key baad british vayu raksha koo gambhir khatra naheen thaa, aur agast taka, dweep parr havaai ladaai cumm hoe gaee thee. casselring key havaai bede ney aprail kii shuruat seey 10 maee taka dweep key khilaf 11,000 udaanen bharee, jisase garrison aur aabaadi gambhir sankat mein parh gaee. lagbhag 30,000 imaaraten nasht yaa kshatigrast hoe gaeen aur 1,300 nagrik maare gaye. vayu senaa, ladaakoo vimaan, yuddhapot aur parivahan jahaajon mein sahayogi nuksan adhik thaa. hamalon kii prabhavsheelta ney aabaadi koo bhukhmari key kagaar parr laa diyaa. axis shipping nuksan ghatkar 20-30 pratishat reh gayaa.
malties-adharit balon koo dabaane key madhyam seey, casselring libia mein [[irvin romel]] key [[africa corps]] koo aapoorti kaa ack badhaa huaa pravaah dene mein kamyab rhaa. aksh ney apani samudri aapoorti kaa kewal teen pratishat khou diyaa aur madhya bhoomadhya sagar koo ack baar phir, sambaddh nauvahan key liye bund curr diyaa gayaa. iss prakaar apani senaa key majboot honey parr, romel ney [[gajala]] key aspas kii british sthitiyon parr hamla karane kii taiyari kii, jabaki casselring ney [[operation hercules]] kii yojana banaai, italvi [[185 airbourne division faulgor]] aur german [[[ramke parachute brigade]] key saath malta parr ack havaai aur samudri hamla. casselring ney uttari africa key saath aksh [[sanchaar rekha]] koo surakshit karane kii ummeed kii.
[[gajala kii ladaai] key liye, romel ney apani kamaan koo dou hisson mein vibhajit kiya, africa corps kii mobile ikaaiyon kii vyaktigat kamaan sambhali aur [[italvi XX motor chaalit core]], jiska unhone [[leftinent general (united kingdam)] key dakshini hisse mein netritva kiya..leftinent-general] [[neel richi]] kii [[aathvin senaa (united kingdam)].british aathvin senaa]. romel ney italvi kii paidal senaa chhod dee [x senaa core (itali)].x] aur [[xi senaa core (itali)].xxi core] [[ludwig crewell]] key tahat baaki aathvin senaa koo apane sthaan parr rakhane key liye. yeh kamaan vyavastha 29 maee 1942 koo gadbad hoe gaee jaba crewell koo goli maar dee gaee aur usey bandee banaa liya gayaa. paryaapt varishthata key upalabdh commander kii kamee key kaaran, casselring ney vyaktigat kamaan sambhali, aur khud koo romel kii kamaan mein rakhaa, bhale hii vaha varishth adhikaari they. yeh pahali baar thaa jaba casselring ney ack varishth ground kamaand kaa sanchaalan kiya thaa, halanki ack asthaayi. vaha british khadanon key madhyam seey aapoorti kafile koo dhakelkar romel kii rasad samasyaon koo door karane mein saksham thaa.
casselring ney [[biir hakeem kii ladaai]] mein romel key pradarshan kii aalochana kii, joe [[pratham swatantra francisi prabhaag] dwara aayojit ack mahatvapurna pada thaa..pahali mukt francisi brigade] jisane british gajala rekha kii dakshini dhuri kaa gathan kiya. romel ney havaai sahaayata kii maang kii aur casselring ney havaai sahaayata pradaan kii, lekin paidal senaa key hamale sthiti parr kabja karane mein whiffle rahey. casselloring ney ise jamini aur havaai hamalon key beach doshpurna samanvaya key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya. 3 aur 4 juuna koo looftwaff ney 14 vimaan khou diye, aur casselring koo chinta thee kii senaa ney looftwaff koo bhookh seey baahar karane kii yojana banaai thee. vyaktigat roop seey romel key netritva mein ack jamini hamale key baad, aur 124 stuca aur 76 [[junkers juu 88]] dwara havaai hamale 170 [[meserscommit bf 109] dwara anurakshit.bee. aff. 109s], biir hakeem koo 10 juuna koo mukt francisi dwara nikala gayaa thaa. romel key liye [[tobrook kaa aksh kabja].21 juuna koo, casselring ney grees aur crate seey atirikt vimaan laae. juuna mein 260 seey adhik german vimaan uttari africa mein they, aur 7,035 udaanen bharee gaeen. jaba tobrook gir gayaa tou 33,000 seey adhik kaidiyon koo leey jaaya gayaa. abhiyaan mein apani bhoomika key liye, casselring koo oak key patton aur talvaaron key saath night cross seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin unhone apane adheensthon parr apana ack rank kaa laabh khou diyaa; romel koo 22 juuna koo padonnat kiya gayaa thaa, aur [[yugo cavalero]] 1 julaai koo [[itali kaa marshel]] bunn gayaa, usake baad 12 agast koo [[ettor bastico]].
[[faailah tobrook kii gherabandi kaa naksha 1942.jpg.angootha.baaen.alt = gajala kii ladaai kaa naksha.gajala kii ladaai]]
tobrook mein jeet key baad, romel ney hitler koo italvi aur casselring kii apattiyon parr malta key bajaay misra parr hamale koo adhikrit karane key liye raaji kiya. cavalero kii diarry aur [[friedrich wonn melanthin] kaa "panger yuddhon" mein vivaran ghatnaaon key iss sanskaran kaa samarthan kartaa haye, lekin 24 juuna 1942 koo bastico aur casselring ney misra mein british aathvin senaa kaa peechha karane key liye romel key anurodh koo manjuri dey dee. malta operation koo kabhi bhee ocadeblue kaa poore dill seey samarthan naheen milaa, aur itihaskaron koo sandeh haye kii yeh safal huaa hoga. operation hercule key liye ikattha kiye gaye parachute sainikon koo romel bheja gayaa thaa. malta koo samaapt karane mein viphalata uttari africa mein aksh mahatvakankshaon key liye ack mahatvapurna jhataka thaa. casselring ney daavaa kiya kii unhone aakraman dwara malta key unmoolan koo maanyata dee aur dabaav daala, aur kaarravaai karane mein viphalata key liye romel, oh. key. doubleu. aur italvi logon koo doshi thaharaaya.
shuru mein cheejen achchi raheen, jisamen romel ney [[mersa maatrah kii ell <ids1 kii pahali ladaai] jeeti..mersa matruh kii ladaai]. lekin jaisa kii casselring aur italvi commanders ney tark diyaa, rasad kathinaaiyaan badh gaeen aur iska parinam [[all alamen kii pahali ladaai]] aur [[aalam all haaf kii ladaai]] kii vinashkari ladaai thee. jaba romel alamen pahunche tou unake paas kewal 6,500 purush aur 85 tank they-kewal 1,500 paidal senaa aur 55 tank german they.
casselring ney romel key peechhe hatane key faisale kaa samarthan kiya. vaha romel koo kamaan key core star parr teji seey chalane vaale sainikon kaa netritva karane vaalaa ack mahaan general maanata thaa, lekin mahsoos kiya kii vaha uchch kamaan key liye bahut adhik mood aur parivartansheel thaa. casselloring key liye, uttar african abhiyaan key anta mein romel key tantrika tootane aur avasaad key liye aspatal mein bharti honey ney kewal isaki pushti kii.
sitambar 1942 mein casselring koo oh. key. doubleu. key cheef off staff key roop mein [[wilheim keatel]] key sambhaavit uttaradhikari key roop mein maanaa gayaa thaa, jisamen [[friedrich pollus]] ney oh. key. doubleu. mein sanchaalan karmchaariyon key pramukh key roop mein [[alfred jodal]] kii jagah lii thee. iss niyukti key liye kissellering parr vichaar kiya gayaa thaa, yeh darshaata haye kii kisselring koo hitler dwara uchch sammaan diyaa gayaa thaa. phir bhee, hitler ney faisala kiya kii naa tou caseloring aur naa hii paul koo unake vartamaan padon seey bakhsha jaa sakata haye. octuber 1942 mein, casselring koo romel key [[panger armi africa]] koo chhodkar theatre mein sabhi german sashastr balon kii seedhi kamaan dee gaee thee..uttari africa mein german-italvi panger senaa], jisamen [[eno wonn rintellan]], italvi mein german sampark adhikaari shamil hain. casselring kii kamaan mein varsh key anta taka grees aur balcon mein sanic bhee shamil they, jaba hitler ney [[wilheim soochi]] key tahat ack aur senaa samooh mukhyalaya banaaya, jiska naam wehrmatch commander-inn-cheef dakshin poorv rakhaa gayaa.
tunisia.
[[operation torch], francisi uttari africa key sahayogi aakraman ney casselring kii kamaan mein sankat paida curr diyaa. unhone alaam all haaf kii ladaai mein praapt ghaavon seey ubarane key baad kaarravaai mein laut rahey african corps key poorv commander [[walter nehrang]] koo ack nae core ([[wehermacht]]) kii kamaan sambhaalane key liye tunisia jaane kaa adesh diyaa..lxxxx corps]]). casselring ney nehrang koo tunisia mein ack pull kaa sheersh sthaapit karane aur phir jitna sambhav hoe utanaa paschim kii or dabaav banaane kaa adesh diyaa taaki paintarebaazi kii swatantrata praapt kii jaa sakey. disambar taka, sahayogi commander, [[general (sanyukt raajya america)].samanya]] [[dwite d. eisenhower], koo yeh sweekaar karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa kii casselring ney daud jeet lii thee; mashal kaa antim charan whiffle hoe gayaa thaa aur lambe sangharsh key baad hii aksh koo tunisia seey baahar nikala jaa sakata thaa.
germans aur italvi logon key saath pahal key saath, casselring ney ack aakraman shuru karane kii ummeed kii joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key sahyogiyon koo prerit karega..] uttari africa seey baahar. [[casserin darre kii ladaai]] mein unaki senaa ney sahyogiyon koo ack prahaar diyaa, lekin anta mein majboot sahayogi pratirodh aur aksh trutiyon kii ack shrinkhala ney aage badhane koo roque diyaa. casselloring ney abb itali seey aavashyak tunn aapoorti koo sthanantarit karke apani senaa koo badhaane parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, lekin unake prayaas sahayogi vimaanon aur pandubbiyon seey nirash hoe gaye. ack [operation valkan].aprail mein sahayogi aakraman]] antatah toot gayaa, jisase tunisia mein aksh kii sthiti gir gaee. lagbhag 275,000 german aur italvi sainikon koo bandee banaa liya gayaa. badale mein, casselring ney halanki, chhah maheene taka tunisia mein sahyogiyon koo pakad liya thaa. deree ney 1943 mein uttari france parr sahayogi aakraman kii kissy bhee sambhavana koo samaapt curr diyaa, halanki 1944 key madhya taka isake sthagan kaa yeh ekmatra kaaran naheen thaa.
[tunisia mein yahoodiyon kaa itihas] kaa prashn.tunisian yahudi] aur german senaaon dwara unake saath kiye gaye vyavhaar kaa bhee mudda uthaaya gayaa haye. ack srot key anusaar, german balon ney [[gulam shram]] key liye tunitian yahoodiyon kaa shoshan kiya, halanki aisaa koee saboot saamane naheen aaya haye jisase pataa chalata haye kii unaki hatyaa africa mein kii gaee thee.
iss samay taka, caseloring koo sahyogiyon dwara upahaaspurna roop seey "muskuraate hue albert" upnaam diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin unake sainikon dwara unhein "ankal albert" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. vaha dwiteeya vishva yuddh key sabse lokpriya generalon mein seey ack they joe german key saath they..rank aur file]]. unaki lokpriyata mein lagaatar, aksar aghoshit, agrim pankti mein yaatraon seey vriddhi hui. [[hains wonn luck]] ney likhaa kii casselring kaa sammaan kiya jaataa thaa kyonki vaha uttari africa mein morche kaa daura karane vaale ekmatra varishth commander they.
italvi abhiyaan.
sisili.
[[faailah sc180476.jpg.angootha.sahee.ault = samudra mein shandar visfot.[[swatantrata jahaaj]] [[ss robert rovan]] 11 julaai 1943 koo ack german bamvarshak dwara maaraa jaane key baad shandar tareeke seey visfot hoe jaataa haye-lekin binaa kissy zaan key nuksan key.]]
casselring koo ummeed thee kii sahayogi agale baar sisili aakraman karenge, kyonki tunisia aur malta seey ladaakoo aavaran key tahat vahaan landing kii jaa sakati haye. unhone vahaan chhah tateey aur chaar gatishil italvi prabhagon koo dou gatishil german prabhagon, [33 vein paidal senaa prabhaag (wehrmatch) key saath majboot किया।|15vaan pansergrenadier division] aur [faulschurm-panger division 1 herman goring].herman goring panger division], donon koo tunisia mein nasht honey key baad phir seey banaaya gayaa. apane sansmaranon mein, casselring ney likhaa kii vaha achchi tarah seey jaanate they kii yeh bull itna badaa thaa kii sahyogiyon koo kewal aage badhane seey roque sakata thaa, lekin yeh badey paimaane parr aakraman kaa saamana naheen curr sakata thaa. isaliye unhone apani aashaon koo tatkaal jawabi hamale parr kendrit curr diyaa, jise unhone dweep commander, [alfredo guzoni] key adesh key saath yaa usake binaa, sahayogi aakraman bede key uddeshya koo gyaat honey key kshan koo puuraa karane key liye herman goring panger division key [[paul conrath]] kaa adesh diyaa.
10 julaai 1943 koo [[sisili key sahayogi aakraman] kaa jiddi virodh kiya gayaa thaa. casselring koo ummeed thee kii sahayogi aakraman bedaa [yuu-boat] key liye achche lakshya pradaan karega, lekin unhein kuchh safalataaen mileen. juuna seey richthofen dwara aadeshit, sahayogi vayu senaaon key dabaav key kaaran, apane adhikansh vimaanon koo mukhya bhoomi mein vaapas lene key liye majboor kiya gayaa. iss baat seey anjaan kii guzoni ney pahale hii 11 julaai koo ack badey jawabi hamale kaa adesh dey diyaa thaa, casselring ney adesh kii shrinkhala koo darkinar curr herman goring panger division koo usa dinn hamla karane kaa adesh diyaa iss ummeed mein kii amerikiyon key apane topkhaane aur bakhtarband samarthan key badey hisse koo kinare laane seey pahale ack jordar hamla safal hoe sakata haye. haalaanki unake sainikon ney amerikiyon koo "kaafee maar daala", way sahayogi sthiti parr kabja karane mein whiffle rahey.
casselring key anusaar, unhone sthiti kaa sarvekshan karane key liye 12 julaai koo khud sisili key liye udaan bharee aur faisala kiya kii deree kii kaarravaai seey adhik kuchh sambhav naheen haye aur dweep koo antatah chhodana hoga. phir bhee, unakaa irada aage ladane kaa thaa, aur unhone pahale parachute division (germany) key saath majboot kiya..pahala parachute division] aur [29vaan paidal senaa division (wehrmatch)]|29vaan pansergrenadier division]]. casselring 16 julaai koo guzoni aur varishth german commander, [[hains-valentin hube]] key saath vichaar-vimarsh karane key liye sisili laut aae. casselring aur guzoni koo abhee bhee vishvaas naheen thaa kii sub kuchh khou gayaa thaa, aur ack anya sahayogi ubhayachar abhiyaan dwara cutt jaane key khatare key bavjood, way khaali naheen karane parr sahmat hue. havaai sahaayata key raaste mein bahut adhik pradaan karane mein asamarth, casselring ney dweep parr bhaari [[flack]] ikaaiyon kii hube kamaan dee, halanki yeh luftwafe siddhant key vipareet thaa. [[friedolin wonn senger unda atterlyn] ney dair seey likhaa kii unhone socha kii tunisia mein aapada key baad casselring ack "aakarshak rakshaatmak safalata" kaa peechha curr rhaa thaa.
casselring ney sisili mein sahyogiyon koo ack aur maheene key liye deree karane mein kamyabi hassil kii; sisili kii sahayogi vijay 17 agast taka poori naheen hui thee. 10 agast koo ack saptah pahale shuru hui sisili kii unaki nikasi shayed abhiyaan kii sabse shandar kaarravaai thee. bhoomi, samudra aur havaa mein sahyogiyon kii shreshthata key bavjood, casselring naa kewal 40,000 purushon koo, balki 9,605 vaahanon, 94 bandookon, 47 tankon, 1,100 tunn golaa-barud, 970 tunn eendhan aur 15,000 tunn bhandar koo bhee nikaalane mein saksham thaa. vaha apani kamaan key tahat teen sevaaon key beach lagbhag-poorna samanvaya praapt karane mein saksham they, jabaki unake pratidvandi eisenhower naheen curr sakey.
itali parr sahayogi aakraman.
sisili key patan key saath, oke koo darr thaa kii itali yuddh seey peechhe hutt jaayega, lekin casselring koo vishvaas thaa kii italvi ladanaa jaari rakhenge. ocadeblue ney casselring aur rintellan koo bahut adhik italvi samarthak maanaa, aur unhein darkinar karna shuru curr diyaa, romel koo uttari itali bheja, aur chhaatr koo rome bheja, jahan unaki [[[[parachute core (germany)]].aaee parachute core]] italvi dalbadal key mamle mein rajdhani parr kabja karane key adesh key tahat thaa. [[benito musolini]] [[25 luglio] thaa..] 25 julaai 1943 koo, aur romel aur okv ney itali parr kabja karane aur italvi senaa key nirastreekaran kii yojana banaana shuru curr diyaa. casselloring koo abhee inn yojanaon key baare mein soochit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. casselloring ney apane sansmaranon mein daavaa kiya kii hitler kaa aaklan thaa kii "casselloring una gaddaron key liye bahut imandar haye joe vahaan paida hue they.
romel aur jodal kii salah parr, hitler ney faisala kiya kii [[italvi praaydweep]] koo italvi senaa kii sahaayata key binaa aayojit naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. yojana poore itali koo chhodane aur alps mein peechhe hatane kii naheen thee, balki [[poe ghaati]] koo pakadane kii thee. casselring koo dakshini itali seey peechhe hatane aur uttari itali mein romel key senaa samooh bee key saath apani senaa koo majboot karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa, jahaan romel samagr kamaan sambhaalenge. casselring koo norwey mein tainaat kiya jaanaa thaa.
[[faailah bundesarchive billed 183-jey15460, italvi, soldaten beam laade hue einer paak.jey. pee. jee..angootha.baaen.ault = helmate key saath vardi mein german sanic, ack tank-rodhi bandook key chaalak dall key roop mein kaary curr rahey hain.celerno key paas ack german tank-rodhi bandook]]
apane hisse key liye, casselring koo vishvaas thaa kii sub kuchh thheek haye, kii italvi loga ladanaa jaari rakhenge, aur unake sainikon yaa unake sanchaar key liye koee khatra naheen thaa. vaha itali koo chhodane kii sambhavana seey stabdh thaa, jise usane poori tarah seey anaavashyak mahsoos kiya, kyonki usey yakeen thaa kii uttari [[appenin pahaadon]] key dakshin mein itali chhah seey nau maheene taka aayojit kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh aaklan unake iss vishvaas parr adharit thaa kii sahayogi apane havaai kshetra kii seema seey baahar sanchaalan naheen karenge, joe kewal [[salerno]] taka hii pahunch sakata haye. casselring ney 14 agast 1943 koo apana istifa saunp diyaa, lekin [[carle wolf]], [[ss aur pulis netaa].itali mein sarvocch ss aur pulis netaa] ney hitler key saath casselring kii or seey hastakshep kiya. wolf ney romel koo "raajneetik roop seey avishvasaniya" key roop mein chitrit kiya, aur tark diyaa kii dakshini itali mein casselring kii upasthiti praarambhik italvi dalbadal koo rokane key liye mahatvapurna thee. wolf kii salah parr, hitler ney casselring kaa istifa sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa.
[[casibil kaa yuddhaviram.itali 8 sitambar koo yuddh seey peechhe hutt gayaa, aur germans ney [operation akshe] koo nishpaadit kiya, jisamen unhone italvi ikaaiyon koo nirastra curr diyaa. operation achse kaise khela gayaa, yeh sthaan aur german aur italvi balon key anupaat aur italvi division commanders key ravaiye parr nirbhar kartaa haye. casselring turant surakshit rome mein chaley gaye. unhone [[teesare paidal senaa prabhaag (wehrmatch)] kaa adesh diyaa..teesara pansergrenadier division] aur [doosara parachute division (germany).doosara parachute division] shahar koo bund karane key liye, jabaki ack tukadi ney ack "[[takhtapalat dee maine]]" abhiyaan mein [[monterotondo]] mein italvi senaa key karmchaariyon koo jabt karane kaa asafal prayaas kiya. casselring key dou prabhagon kaa saamana paanch italvi prabhagon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen [132 vein bakhtarband prabhaag kshetra] shamil they..ariate] aur [131vaan bakhtarband division centaro.centaro]] bakhtarband vibhajan, lekin dhokha, baatchit, uttari africa mein ladaai seey hathiyaron mein bhaaiyon koo appeal, aur kabhi-kabhi kroor bull kaa upayog karke, vaha vipaksh koo door karane, italvi senaa koo titar-bitar karane aur dou dinon mein shahar koo surakshit karane mein kamyab rhaa.
musolini koo germans dwara [[unternamen aiche]] mein bachaaya gayaa thaa, ack chhaapa joe chhaatr dwara yojnabaddh kiya gayaa thaa aur 12 sitambar koo [[otto scorgeny] dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jisake vivaran jaanboojhkar, halanki asafal rahey, unake sansmaranon key anusaar, casselring seey rakhaa gayaa thaa. romel ney italvi sainikon koo nirvaasit curr diyaa, sivaay una logon key joe german ikaaiyon mein seva karane key ichchuk they, jabaran shram key liye germany chaley gaye, jabaki casselring key kshetra mein italvi ikaaiyon koo shuru mein bhang curr diyaa gayaa aur unake logon koo ghar jaane kii anumati dee gaee. usake adesh key baahar ack narsamhar key bavjood casselring key liye parinam honge. sanyukt raajya america, united kingdam aur soviyat sangh key videsh mantri masco mein baithak curr rahey they jaba unhein khabar millie kii [cos kii ladaai] key baad 100 italvi adhikaari maare gaye hain. isake baad, unhone 31 octuber 1943 koo [[masco ghoshana]] jaari kii, jisamen germany aur usake sahyogiyon dwara kiye gaye apraadhon kii sajaa key liye mandand nirdhaarit kiye gaye.
itali abb prabhaavi roop seey ack adhikrit desh bunn gayaa, kyonki germans ney sainikon koo daala, halanki kissy bhee paksh ney ise vaha darja naheen diyaa. sahyogiyon ney itali koo ack sahayogi key bajaay "saha-ugra" kaa darja diyaa, jiska arth thaa kii italvi logon parr abhee bhee yuddh apraadhon key liye mukadama chalaaya jaa sakata haye. apane sansmaranon key anusaar, casselring ney itali mein hui trasdi key liye sahyogiyon koo doshi thaharaaya. unhone mahsoos kiya kii hitler itali koo yuddh seey peechhe hatane kii anumati dene key liye taiyar hotaa aggar sahayogi isaki tatasthata kaa sammaan karane aur germany key khilaf sanchaalan key liye ack aadhar key roop mein iska upayog naheen karane key liye sahmat hotey.
salerno.
[[faailah iteli defencellinseuthophrom1943 4.jpg.angootha.sahee.ault = cummer parr rangeen rekhaaon key saath itali kaa naksha.rome key dakshin mein german rakshaatmak rekhaaen.]]
casselring ney apane sansmaranon mein daavaa kiya kii unaki kamaan pahale seey hii "radd" curr dee gaee thee, lekin unakaa irada ladane kaa thaa. eisenhower key paas german sanketon key decryption aur japani sanket yantra key madhyam seey utkrisht buddhimatta thee..] rajanyik sandesh, aur khud italvi logon seey, aur dakshini itali seey peechhe hatane kii german yojanaon seey avagat they. isaliye unhone apani senaa koo kendrit karane key bajaay itali mein utarane kii ack jokhim bharee ranneeti apnai. caseloring ney anajaane mein usey sabse achchi dhokhe kii yojana seey behtar tareeke seey gumrah kiya.
operation himskhalan mein.sitambar 1943 mein, casselring ney [[uttar mein sanyukt raajya america kii senaa key khilaf ack poorna paimaane parr jawabi hamla shuru kiya..us paanchvin senaa] [[heinrich wonn whittinghoff]] kii [[10veen senaa (wehrmatch)] key saath vahaan utarati haye..dasavin senaa]. jawabi hamale mein sahyogiyon koo bhaari nuksan huaa, unhein kaee kshetron mein vaapas jaane key liye majboor kiya gayaa, aur kuchh samay key liye, sahayogi commanders koo baahar nikaalane parr vichaar karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa. german havaai kshetron seey cumm doori parr 11 sitambar 1943 koo celerno kshetra key oopar 120 vimaan rakhane kii anumati dee gaee. german aakraman antatah sahyogiyon koo vaapas samudra mein fenkane mein whiffle rhaa kyonki sahayogi [[nausena kii goliyon]] key hastakshep ney aage badh rahee german ikaaiyon, jiddi sahayogi pratirodh aur british aathvin senaa kii pragati koo nasht curr diyaa. 17 sitambar 1943 koo, casselring ney whiatinghoff koo hamale koo rokane aur peechhe hatane kii anumati dee.
caseloring parajit hoe gayaa thaa lekin usane bahumulya samay praapt kiya thaa. pahale seey hii, apane aadeshon kii avahelana karate hue, vaha [[volterno rekha]], [[barbara rekha]] aur [[bernhart rekha]] parr lagaatar girawat kii sthiti kii ack shrinkhala taiyar curr rhaa thaa. isaliye octuber taka sahyogiyon koo naples key bandargah seey incar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. appenin parvat italvi praaydweep key kendra key saath chalate hain, aur isaliye nadiyaan aur ghaatiyan donon taton parr samudra mein failati hain. pahaadon ney germans koo achchha [[topkhana paryavekshak]] diyaa.], aur unhein ack classic [[riverse slope defence]] kaa sanchaalan karane kii anumati dee, jisamen aage kii dhalanon mein bahut cumm loga they, lekin aag key interlocking kshetron, minefields aur kuchh mamalon mein jaanboojhkar baadh vaali ghaatiyon key saath machinegan seey dhaki hui thee. achchi tarah seey chhipi hui german sthitiyon key kharaab avalokan aur pahaad kii chotiyon koo saaf karane key liye uchch konon parr golibari karane kii aavashyakta key kaaran sambaddh topkhaane kii prabhavsheelta mein kamee aaee thee. sharad ritu key geele mausam kii shuruat aur aparyaapt sadak network ney bhee raksha kaa samarthan kiya. cumm baadal ney havaa seey avalokan mein baadha daali, aur keechad vaali sadakon ney aage key kshetron mein golaa-barud aur aapoorti koo dheema curr diyaa.
kewal navambar 1943 mein, ack maheene kii kadee ladaai key baad, sahayogi caseloring kii mukhya sthiti, [[sheetkaleen rekha] taka pahunch gaye..gustaav rekha]. yeh praaydweep kaa sabse sankeern hissa thaa. casselloring ney anuman lagaaya kii ise kewal gyaarah prabhagon key saath aayojit kiya jaa sakata haye, jisamen ack sambaddh ubhayachar landing seey bachaane key liye kuchh mobile prabhaag aarakshit hain, jabaki uttari appenins mein sthiti key liye bees prabhagon kii aavashyakta hogi. casselring ney ack ubhayachar landing dwara baahar nikalane key jokhim koo sweekaar kiya, joe unakaa maanana thaa kii eisenhower kaa sabse achchha kadam hoga. unhein iss baat kii jaankaari naheen thee kii dakshini barma mein utarane vaale operation buchanier key liye aavashyak ubhayachar lift koo hind mahasagar mein bheja gayaa thaa, jise antatah radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unake sansmaranon key anusaar, casselring ney mahsoos kiya kii aggar unhein romel kii kamaan mein "bekaar" sainikon taka pahunch dee jaati tou aur bhee adhik hassil kiya jaa sakata thaa.
[[faailah bundesarchive billed 101i-316-1195-07, itailiyan, albert casselring mitt offigieren.jey. pee. jee..angootha.baaen.1944 mein itali mein casselring (laathi key saath)]]
navambar 1943 mein, casselring hitler seey mille. casselring ney itali kii sthiti kaa ack ashawadi aaklan kiya aur ashvasana diyaa kii vaha rome key dakshin mein sahyogiyon koo gustaav rekha parr rakh sakate hain. casselring ney aage vaadaa kiya kii vaha sahyogiyon koo cumm seey cumm chhah maheene taka uttari appenins taka pahunchane seey roque sakate hain. natijatan, 6 navambar 1943 koo, hitler ney romel aur unake senaa samooh bee mukhyalaya koo [[atlantic deewaar]] kaa prabhaar sambhaalane aur 1944 key vasant mein honey vaale sahayogi hamale kii taiyari key liye france jaane kaa adesh diyaa. 21 navambar 1943 koo, casselring ney itali mein sabhi german balon kii kamaan phir seey shuru kii, jisamen commander-inn-cheef, dakshin, ack sanyukt kamaan, key saath ack ground kamaand [[senaa samooh see]] kaa sanyojan thaa. "maine hamesha casselring koo doshi thaharaaya thaa", hitler ney agast 1944 mein ack sammelan mein kahaa, "cheejon koo bahut adhik ashawadi roop seey dekhane key liye... ghatanaaen galat saabit hui hain, aur main feeled marshel caseloring koo vahaan chhodane key apane faisale mein uchit saabit huaa huun, jinhen maine ack avishvasaniya raajneetik aadarshvaadi key roop mein dekhaa haye, lekin ack sainya ashawadi key roop mein bhee, aur yeh merrie raay haye kii ashawad key binaa sainya netritva sambhav naheen haye."
looftwafe ney 2 disambar 1943 kii raat koo ack ullekhaniya safalata hassil kii jaba 105 junkers julaai 88 [[baari parr havaai hamla]].baari key bandargah parr maaraa]. kushalata seey [[chuff (radar countermazer)] kaa upayog karna.sahayogi [[radar]] prachaalak koo bhramit karane key liye, unhone bandargah koo chamkile prakaash seey sambaddh shipping seey bharaa huaa paaya. disambar 1941 mein [[motee bandargah parr hamale] key baad seey sambaddh jahajrani parr sabse vinashkari havaai hamla huaa. dou golaa-barud jahaajon aur ack tanker parr hamale kiye gaye. jalata huaa tail aur visfotak golaa-barud bandargah parr fail gayaa. lagbhag 16 jahaaj doob gaye aur aathh kshatigrast hoe gaye, aur bandargah koo teen saptah key liye nishkriya curr diyaa gayaa. isake alawa, doobane vaale jahaajon mein seey ack jahaaj [sarason gais] leey jaa rhaa thaa, jisane bandargah koo jaharile vaashp key baadal seey dhaka diyaa thaa.
casino aur angio.
[[faailah bundesarchive billed 101i-580-1983-19 a, italvi, trupen inspection dirch albert casselring.jey. pee. jee..angootha.sahee.seedha.ault = german paratroopers seey ghiraa casselring.casselring aprail 1944 mein monte casino key paas morche kaa nireekshan kartaa haye. usane lagaatar nireekshan yaatraon key saath agrim pankti key sainikon key saath sampark banaae rakhane kaa prayaas kiya.]]
janwari 1944 mein [[monte casino kii ladaai]] mein gustaav rekha koo todane key pahale sahayogi prayaas koo [[aiks corps (united kingdam)] key saath shuruati safalata millie..british aiks core] [[94 veen paidal senaa division (wehrmatch)] dwara aayojit rekha koo todate hue.94 veen paidal senaa division] aur poori dasavin senaa koo prabhaavit kiya. casselring ney apane reserve, 29vein aur [90vein halke paidal senaa division (wehrmatch) koo भेजा।|90vein pansergrenadier division], casino front mein. way vahaan german sthiti koo sthir karane mein saksham they lekin rome koo kharaab suraksha key saath chhod diyaa.
casselring ney apane sansmaranon mein likhaa haye kii unhein lagaa kii jaba sahayogi [[angio kii ladaai]] hue tou way baahar hoe gaye they..angio mein utaraa]. kuchh dinn pahale, unhone jodal koo bataaya thaa kii way sardiyon key madhya mein sambaddh ubhayachar abhiyaan kii sambhavana naheen maanate hain. [admiral (germany).german sainya khufiya seva key pramukh admiral] [[wilheim canaris]] ney salah dee kii chaar seey chhah saptah taka iska koee sawal hii naheen haye. halanki aashcharyachakit hocker, casselring ney sthiti parr niyantran hassil karane key liye teji seey kadam badhaaya, "generalloberst" [[eberhard wonn mckenson]] kii [[14veen senaa (wehrmatch)] koo bulaaya..chaudahavin senaa] mukhyalaya aur [65 veen paidal senaa division (wehrmatch)].65 veen] aur uttari itali seey 362 veen division, casino front seey 29 veen aur 90 veen pansergrenadier division, aur [23 veen paidal senaa division (wehrmatch).26 veen panger division]] dasavin senaa seey. oh. key. doubleu. ney anya theatres seey kuchh sainikon kaa yogdan diyaa, aur farwari taka casselring angio mein aakramak honey mein saksham hoe gayaa. unaki senaayen sahayogi [[samudra tata key sheersh]] koo kuchalane mein asamarth theen, aur apane sansmaranon mein casselring ney bachane yogya trutiyon key liye khud koo, ocadeblue aur mckenson koo doshi thaharaaya.
iss beach, farwari 1944 mein [monte casino] mein mahangi ladaai ney sahyogiyon koo [[liri ghaati] mein ack safalata key karib laa diyaa. monte casino key gadh koo pakadane key liye, casselring ney 26 farwari koo pahala parachute division, ack "asadharan roop seey achchi tarah seey prashikshit aur anukoolit" gathan laaya. bhaari hatahaton aur bhaari matra mein golaa-barud key kharch key bavjood, march 1944 mein ack sahayogi hamla gustaav rekha kii sthiti koo todane mein whiffle rhaa.
italvi praaydweep key bhugol kaa ack nuksan joe anyatha raksha kaa paksh letaa thaa, vaha yeh thaa kii isane german sanchaar rekha koo sankuchit curr diyaa. sahyogiyon ney iska fayda [operation strungle (dwiteeya vishva yuddh)] key saath uthaaya..operation strungle], ack gahan havaai pratibandh abhiyaan. [ultra] key madhyam seey way thheek seey jaanate they kii casino mein dasavin senaa aur angio mein chaudahavin senaa kaa samarthan karane key liye kitna tunn bhaar chaahiye thaa. 15 march aur 10 maee 1944 key beach, yuu. aiss. [leftinent general (sanyukt raajya america)].leftinent general] [[iraa eekar]] key [[bhoomadhyasagariya sambaddh vayu senaa]] ney 21,688 pratibandh udaanen bharee, jisake dauran unhone bumm giraaye. iss senaa samooh see key paas eendhan aur golaa-barud kii gambhir kamee thee.
11 maee 1944 koo [[general (united kingdam)].general]] [[herold alekjendar, tunis key pahale earl alekjendar.surr harrold alekjendar], [[itali mein]] kii kamaan sambhaalate hue, [[operation diadem]] shuru kiya, jisane antatah gustaav rekha koo toda diyaa aur dasavin senaa koo peechhe hatane key liye majboor curr diyaa. eendhan aur parivahan kii kamee key kaaran, ikaaiyon koo tukadon mein sthanantarit karna padaa. casselring ney senaa seey samudra key madhyam seey adhik aapoorti sthanantarit karane kii appeal kii, aur apane core aur division commanders seey golaa-barud key sanrakshan kaa aagrah kiya. iss prakriya mein, dasavin aur chaudahavin senaaon key beach ack antar khul gayaa, jisase donon koo gherne kii dhamki millie. iss viphalata key liye, casselring ney mckenson koo apani kamaan seey mukt curr diyaa, unaki jagah [[joachim lemelsen]] koo niyukt kiya.
saubhagya seey germans key liye, [leftinent general (sanyukt raajya america).leftinent general]] [[maark doubleu. clark], yuu key commander.aiss. rome parr kabja karane key prati jununi paanchvin senaa sthiti kaa laabh uthaane mein whiffle rahee. casselring ney clark key hamale kaa virodh karane key liye sainikon koo modd diyaa, aur parinam teen dinon key khooni aur nishfal americi hamale they, jabaki dasavin aur chaudahavin senaaon key beach key antar kaa kharaab bachaav kiya gayaa thaa. anta mein, yeh iss kshetra mein ack pragati thee jisane rome key liye dwaar khol diyaa, aur dasavin senaa chaudahavin senaa key saath judane mein saksham thee, aur raksha kii agali pankti, [[[tracimine rekha]] key liye ack ladaai vaapsee kaa sanchaalan karane mein saksham thee. kyaa clark ney koshish kii hoti tou vaha casselring koo fansaane mein saksham hotaa, yeh abhee bhee ack khula sawal haye. [[robbert cytino] ney nott kiya kih "1944 taka german commanders key karyalaya mein unake daanton kii twacha key jaal seey baahar nikalane kaa ack aur dinn thaa. itali mein, vipareet dishaaon seey aaney vaali dou sahayogi senaaon kaa saamana karate hue, unhone phir seey aisaa kiya, ack aur nikat mrityu anubhav seey bachate hue aur ack aur dinn ladane key liye jeevit rahey."
abhiyaan mein apani bhoomika key liye, 19 julaai 1944 koo [[purvi roose]] key paas [[wolfshanz]] parr hitler dwara casselring koo oak key patton, talvaaron aur heere key saath night cross seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. agale dinn, hitler [[[20 julaai plot]] kaa lakshya thaa. usa shaam goring dwara iss ghatana key baare mein soochit kiya gayaa, kaee anya varishth commanders kii tarah, casselring ney hitler koo apani wafadari kii pushti karate hue ack taar bheja.
jansankhya aur saanskritik vastuon koo prabhaavit karane vaali kriyaaen.
abhiyaan key dauran, jahan taka vaha curr sakate they, caseloring ney rome, florence, [[siena]] aur [[orvito]] sahit kaee kalaatmak roop seey mahatvapurna italvi shaharon key vinash seey bachane kaa prayaas kiya. kuchh mamalon mein, aitihaasik pull-jaise kii ponte vechiyo-udaane key bajaay [[booby trap]] paid they. haalaanki, unake adesh parr anya aitihaasik florentine pulon koo nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur puraane pull koo booby trap karane key alawa, unhone pracheen aitihaasik kendriya baro koo isake donon siron parr dhwast karane kaa adesh diyaa, taaki [[nadee arno]] key paar sahayogi pragati mein deree hoe sakey.
19 julaai koo pahali baar 700 seey adhik nagrikon kii maut key saath rome parr bambari key baad, casselring ney 14 agast 1943 koo rome koo ack khule shahar key roop mein italvi ghoshana kaa samarthan kiya. ektarafa ghoshana koo sahyogiyon dwara kabhi bhee sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa kyonki shahar sarkaar aur udyog key kendra banaa rhaa, aur jabaki amerikiyon ney rome key khule shahar key darje koo sweekaar karane kaa samarthan kiya, british dridhata seey virodh karate rahey. americi eisenhower key sthaan parr british general surr [[heinry matland willson]] koo theatre commander key roop mein niyukt karane seey usa star parr pratibandhon mein dheel dee gaee. parinamswarup, [dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein rome parr bambari].rome parr sahyogiyon dwara kaee baar bambari kii gaee thee.
casselring key liye, khule shahar kii sthiti key kaee faayade they, kyonki isane rome mein ashanti koo dabaane key saadhan kaa vaadaa kiya thaa aur ack prachaar jeet hassil kii thee. isake alawa, jaise hii operation kii galaa ghontane seey nuksan huaa, trains rome seey gujarna bund curr deen aur german vaahan kafile niyamit roop seey shahar koo darkinar curr dete they. casselloring ney baad mein likhaa kii jaba maee 1944 mein ladaai rome key karib aaee, tou [[[tiber]] pulon kii raksha karane seey kaafee saamarik laabh they, lekin vatican mein german rajdoot, [[ernst wonn vezsekar]] ney casselloring seey aisaa naheen karane kaa aagrah kiya, aur casselring ney rome seey vahaan ack raksha sthaapit kiye binaa vaapas leey liya, jisase shahar koo bachaaya gayaa. sahyogiyon dwara rome parr kabja karane key baad, khule shahar kii ghoshana kii avahelana kii gaee, aur unhone sainya uddeshyon key liye rome kaa puuraa upayog kiya.
casselring ney apane sainya kabje seey bachkar monte casino key mathh koo sanrakshit karane kii koshish kii, bhale hii isane yuddh key maidan parr shandar avalokan kii peshkash kii. antatah yeh asafal rhaa, kyonki sahyogiyon kaa maanana thaa kii mathh kaa upayog german topkhaane koo unaki rekhaaon key khilaf nirdeshit karane key liye kiya jaayega. 15 farwari 1944 kii subah, 142 [[bee-17 flying fort]], 47 [[bee-25 michel]] aur 40 [bee-26 marauder] madhyam bamvarshakon ney jaanboojhkar mathh parr 1,150 tunn uchch visfotak aur aag lagaane vaale bumm giraaye, jisase aitihaasik mathh malabe key dhuein vaale dravyamaan taka cumm hoe gayaa. casselloring koo pataa thaa kii surakshit rakhane key liye monte casino seey lii gaee kuchh kalaakritiyaan herman goring key kabje mein aaa gaee theen. casselring ney lootpaat key liye kuchh german sainikon koo goli maar dee thee. german adhikaariyon ney italvi logon koo kalakritiyon parr niyantran dene seey parhej kiya kyonki unhein darr thaa kii "puuraa sangrah switzerland koo betch diyaa jaayega". 1945 kii ack sahayogi jaanch ney bataaya kii italvi saanskritik khajaane koo yuddh mein apekshaakrit cumm nuksan huaa thaa. casselring koo saanskritik khajaane koo sanrakshit karane key prayason key baare mein niyamit roop seey jaankaari milati thee aur iss mamle mein unaki vyaktigat ruchi ney kalaa khajaane key uchch anupaat mein yogdan diyaa joe bachaaye gaye they.
yuddh aparaadh.
24 sitambar 1943 taka, rome mein (aiss. dee.) kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale german pulis atashe, [[herbert capler]] koo pataa chalaa thaa kii [[heinrich himler] chaahata thaa kii vaha rome key yahoodiyon koo gher leey aur nirvaasit curr dey. capler italvi aabaadi key beach german virodhi bhavna key badhane key baare mein chintit they. rome mein german vanijya doot aur phir varishth dutawas rajanyik, eatel friedrich molhausen koo bhee adesh key baare mein pataa chalaa. lekhak [[robert kaatz] key anusaar, jinhone 1968 mein molhausen kaa sakshatkar liya, capler ney sujhaav diyaa kii way casselring mein jaaen aur sifarish karein kii yahoodiyon kaa upayog rome mein kilebandi parr jabaran shram key liye kiya jaanaa chaahiye (jaisa kii unhone tunisia mein logon key saath kiya thaa). yadi casselring usa samadhan key liye sahmat honge, tou capler apane aadeshon koo radd karane parr vichaar karenge. 1948 key apane sansmaranon mein molhausen ney bataaya kii vaha aur capler ack ghante key bheetar casselring seey mille. yeh sunkar kii capler koo roundup key liye kitane purushon kii aavashyakta hogi, casselring ney ghoshana kii kii vaha ack bhee aadami koo naheen chhod sakata haye, aur yahudi shram kaa upayog karane key vichaar koo manjuri dey dee.
9 octuber koo molhausen koo salah dee gaee kii roman yahoodiyon koo nirvaasit kiya jaanaa haye aur unhein kissy bhee tarah seey hastakshep naheen karna haye. 16 octuber koo [rome key ghetto parr chhaapa].rome mein 1,259 yahoodiyon koo gher liya gayaa thaa, aur unamen seey 1,007 koo [aushwitz yaatana shivir mein] bheja gayaa thaa..aushwitz]. pahunchane parr 196 koo chhodkar sabhi koo turant gais seey udaa diyaa gayaa. kewal 15 yuddh mein butch gaye. itali parr german kabje key dauran lagbhag 6,806 yahoodiyon koo giraftar kiya gayaa aur nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa, jinamen seey 5,969 kii mrityu [[naazi yaatana shiviron]] mein hui. itihaaskaar andreau sengster kaa tark haye kii halanki casselring ney kabhi bhee [[holocost]] mein sakriya bhoomika naheen nibhai, lekin unhein inn apraadhon key baare mein pataa honah chaahiye aur unakaa aparaadh hitler key unake nirvivaad samarthan mein nihit haye, jinhone holocost koo prathamikta dee thee."
[[faailah bundesarchive billed 183-jey27567, italvi, albert casselring, oberst ferdinand hippel.jey. pee. jee..angootha.sahee.oberst ferdinand hippel key saath casselring]]
march 1944 mein, ack 15-sadasyiya americi [[ranneetik sevaaon kaa karyalaya]] (oss) parichaalan samooh [[americi nausena]] [[liguria]] aine tata parr [[operation ginny I aur II] key hisse key roop mein [[havaa vaali naav]] mein utaraa..operation ginny II], dou mahatvapurna railway surangon key pravesh dwaaron koo udaane kaa ack mission. unaki naukaaon kii khoj kii gaee aur unhein italvi aur german sainikon key ack chhote samooh dwara pakad liya gayaa. 26 march koo, unhein hitler key "[[commando adesh]]" key tahat maar diyaa gayaa, joe [[diape redd]] aur [[operation besault] key dauran german sainikon koo commando dwara bandhkar goli maarne key baad jaari kiya gayaa thaa..saark parr chhaapa]. casselring 23 aur 24 march koo liguria mein they, jahan unhone bandargah suraksha kaa nireekshan kiya.
23 march 1944 koo rome mein, [ss pulis resiment key 33 puliskarmiyon ney hangama kiya..[dakshin tyrol] key italvi praant kii german bhashi aabaadi seey pulis resiment aur teen italvi nagrik ack bumm visfot aur usake baad kii golibari mein maare gaye they. jawab mein, hitler ney mckenson kii sifarish koo manjuri dey dee, joe rome sahit iss kshetra key liye jimmedaar thaa, kii maare gaye pratyek puliskarmi key liye duss italvi logon koo goli maar dee jaani chaahiye. yeh kaam ss herbert capler key haath mein aaa gayaa, jinhone paaya kii paryaapt doshi kaidi upalabdh naheen they, aur sadakon seey liye gaye yahudi kaidiyon aur nagrikon kaa upayog karke sankhya koo puuraa kiya. iska parinam [[arditine narsamhar]] thaa.
4 juuna 1944 koo rome key patan ney casselring koo ack khatarnak sthiti mein daal diyaa kyonki unaki senaa ney rome seey [[florence]] key uttar mein durjeya [[gothik rekha]] mein peechhe hatane kaa prayaas kiya. yeh kii german vishesh roop seey [[italvi pakshpaatiyon]] key prati samvedansheel they, alekjendar parr khoya naheen thaa, jinhone italvi logon key liye ack radio prasaran mein germans koo "jahan bhee aap unakaa saamana karein" unhein maarne kii appeal kii thee. casselring ney "topkhaane key badey paimaane parr rojgar koo adhikrit karke jawab diyaa, [[grenetworfer 42].grenade] aur [[mineworfer].mortar], [bakhtarband kaar (sainya).bakhtarband kaaren], [[flamethrover]] aur anya takniki yuddh upkaran "pakshpaatiyon key khilaf.
17 juuna koo, casselring ney ack nirdesh jaari kiya, "pakshpaatiyon seey ladane key liye nae upaay" (), jisamen unhone "atyadhik gambhirta" key upaayon koo adhikrit kiya, jabaki apane sainikon koo "galat" karyon key liye jimmedaar honey key bavjood kaary karane key liye protsaahit kiya. adesh ney una sainikon koo kshatipurti kaa vaadaa kiya joe "pakshpaatiyon key khilaf tarikon kii gambhirta key chayan mein hamaare samanya sanyam koo paar curr gaye". unhone sandigdh pakshpaatiyon aur nagrikon koo rakhane key liye pargaman shiviron key nirmaan koo bhee adhikrit kiya. teen dinn baad, casselring ney nagrik aabaadi key khilaf pratishodh aur pakade gaye pakshapaatpurna netaaon koo saarvajanik roop seey fansi dene kaa adesh jaari kiya.
[[faailah bundesarchive billed 101i-316-1195-20, italvi, pee. key. doubleu. mein albert casselring.jey. pee. jee..angootha.baaen.apani karmchari gaadi mein caseloring]]
baad mein, aprail mein herman goring panger division dwara [[stia]], juuna mein [[sivil dii chiana mein civitella]] aur julaai 1944 mein [[busin]], 23 agast 1944 koo padul dii [[[fusechio]] mein 26vein panger division dwara, aur [[16vein ss pansergrenadier division reachsfuhrer-aiss. aiss. dwara narsamhar kiye गए।|16vaan ss pansergrenadier division] [[sant 'annaa dee stagema narsamhar].agast 1944 mein sant 'annaa dee stazema] aur [[marzaboto narsamhar].marzaboto] sitambar aur octuber 1944 mein.
agast 1944 mein casselring koo rump [[italvi samajik ganarajya]] (aar. aiss. aaee.) mein german rajdoot [[rudolf rahman]] dwara soochit kiya gayaa thaa kii musolini ney italvi nagrikon kii hatyaa key baare mein virodh darj karaaya thaa. jawab mein, casselring ney apane adesh koo radd curr diyaa aur 21 agast koo apane sainikon koo ack aur farman jaari kiya, jisamen una ghatnaaon koo sweekaar kiya gayaa jinhone "german kii pratishtha aur anushasana koo nuksan pahunchaaya thaa aur jinka abb pratishodh abhiyaanon seey koee lena-denaa naheen haye", aur vishisht mamalon kii jaanch shuru kii, jinka musolini ney hawala diyaa. 21 julaai aur 25 sitambar 1944 key beach, pakshapaatpurna abhiyaanon mein 624 german maare gaye, 993 ghayal hue aur 872 laapata hoe gaye, jabaki lagbhag 9,520 pakshapaatpurna maare gaye. maanaa jaataa haye kii itali parr kabja karane key dauran, germans aur unake fasiwadi sahyogiyon ney lagbhag 22,000 italvi nagrikon koo maar daala thaa.
julaai aur agast 1944 key dauran, casselring ney dheere-dheere gothik rekha kii or peechhe hatate hue ack jiddi deree kaarravaai kii. vahaan, vaha sahayogi agrim koo rokane mein saksham thaa. [[arno]] nadee key dakshin mein sahyogiyon koo itane lambe samay taka pakadana ack aur rakshaatmak safalata thee. kuchh pakshapaatpurna guton ney 26 sitambar koo uttari itali mein [[domodosola]] sahit apane kabje vaale kshetra koo swatantra ganarajya ghoshit curr diyaa. chaar dinn baad casselring ney wolf koo "pakshapaat-virodhi saptah" aayojit karane kaa nirdesh diyaa. octuber key anta taka, 1,539 pakshpaatiyon kii maut hoe gaee thee, anya 1,248 koo pakad liya gayaa thaa, 1,973 sandigdhon koo giraftar kiya gayaa thaa, aur 2,012 koo [[sangathan koo] saunp diyaa gayaa thaa.] pakshakaron key liye ack aur jhataka alekjendar kii or seey aaya. 13 navambar koo ack radio prasaran mein, unhone sweekaar kiya kii germans koo vasant taka apane padon seey naheen hataaya jaayega, aur pakshpaatiyon koo taba taka apane hathiyar rakhane key liye kahaa.
sitambar aur octuber 1944 mein gothik rekha kii ladaai mein hatahaton mein khud casselloring shamil they. 23 octuber 1944 koo, blackout sthitiyon mein raat mein yatra curr rahee unaki kaar ack buggle kii sadak seey baahar aaa rahey ack topkhaane key tukade seey takra gaee. casselring key sir aur chehare parr gambhir chotein aaeen. unhein [ferrara] mein aspatal leey jaaya gayaa, aur janwari 1945 taka apani kamaan mein vaapas naheen aae.
madhya europe.
jaisa kii unhone baad mein likhaa, kaar durghatana seey ubarane key baad, caseloring koo hitler dwara abb rundstedt koo raahat dene key liye bulaaya gayaa thaa [[ob west].10 march 1945 koo, [[remagon kii ladaai] key dauran [[raain]] parr akshunna [[ludendorff pull]] key vinashkari nuksan key baad. aagaman parr, unhone apane nae karmchari seey kahaa, "thheek haye, sajjanon, main nayaa vee-3 huun", [[worgeltungswaff]] ("pratishodh" hathiyar) kaa jikr karate hue. paschimi morche kii hatash sthiti koo dekhate hue, yeh casselring kii kahawat ashawad kaa ack aur sanket thaa. casselring ney abhee bhee hitler key sthiti key vishleshan koo "spasht" bataaya, jisake anusaar german soviyat sangh koo aitihaasik haar dene vaale they, jisake baad vijayi german senaaon koo paschim mein sahyogiyon koo kuchalane aur unhein mahadweep seey baahar nikaalane key liye laaya jaayega. isaliye, caseloring paschim mein pakad banaane aur poorv mein jeet kii prateeksha karane key liye dridh thaa. casselring ney hitler key adesh kaa samarthan kiya kii palayan karane vaalon koo nikatatam pedh seey latka diyaa jaanaa chaahiye. jaba ack karmchari adhikaari ney unhein sthiti kii nirasha seey avagat karaane kii koshish kii, tou casselring ney unhein bataaya kii unhone poore senaa key pichhale kshetra mein gaadi chalaai thee aur ack bhee vyakti koo fansi parr latka huaa naheen dekhaa thaa.
[[paschimi morcha (dwiteeya vishva yuddh)].iss samay paschimi morcha] aam taur parr dou mahatvapurna apvaadon key saath raain kaa anusaran kartaa haih raain parr americi bridghead [[[remagon]], aur ack badaa german [[salient, punah pravesh karane vaale aur pockets].mukhya roop seey]] gande key paschim mein, [[sarland].saar]-[[palatinate (kshetra)].palatinate]] trikon. apane sansmaranon mein, casselring ney kahaa kii unhone trikon koo nikaalane parr vichaar kiya, lekin ocadeblue ney ise aayojit karane kaa adesh diyaa. jaba casselring ney german kii pahali yatra kii [[pahali senaa (wehrmatch)].pahale] aur [7veen senaa (wehrmatch).7] 13 march 1945 koo vahaan senaa mukhyalaya, senaa samooh commander, [paul hausar] aur donon senaa commanders ney pushti kii kii trikon kii raksha key parinamswarup kewal bhaari nuksan yaa unaki kamanon kaa poorna vinash hoe sakata haye. saatvin senaa key [[huns felber]] ney baad vaale koo sabse sambhaavit parinam maanaa. phir bhee, casselring ney jore dekar kahaa kii padon koo aayojit kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
leftinent general [[george patton]] kii [[teesari sanyukt raajya senaa] dwara trikon parr pahale seey hii donon taraf seey hamla kiya jaa rhaa thaa..us thurd armi] aur leftinent general [[alekjendar patch] kii [[saatvin sanyukt raajya senaa].us saatvin senaa]. german sthiti jald hii dhwast hoe gaee aur casselring ney baad mein likhaa kii hitler ney anichha seey vaapsee koo manjuri dee. pahali aur saatvin senaaon koo bhaari nuksan huaah sahayogi paksh parr 17,000 kii laagat seey lagbhag 113,000 german hataahat hue. phir bhee, unhone gherabandi seey bachaa liya thaa aur 25 march 1945 koo antim sainikon koo raain key purvi tata parr nikalkar ack kushal deree kaarravaai karane mein kamyab rahey they.
jaise hii germany koo dou hisson mein vibhajit kiya gayaa, caseloring kii kamaan kaa vistaar kiya gayaa taaki senaa samoohon key kendra, dakshin aur dakshin-poorv koo shamil kiya jaa sakey..purvi morcha], itali mein senaa samooh see key saath, aur unakaa apana [[senaa samooh jee]] aur [[senaa samooh oberhain (germany)].senaa samooh oopari raaine]. 30 aprail koo hitler ney berlin mein aatmahatya curr lii. agale dinn, [[carle donitz]] koo naamit kiya gayaa [[germany key rashtrapati (1919-1945)].german rashtrapati ()] aur [[flansberg sarkaar]] kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. nae rashtrapati key pahale karyon mein seey ack caseloring kii niyukti poorna shakti vaale shaktiyon key saath dakshini germany key commander-inn-cheef key roop mein kii gaee thee.
arajak aatmasamarpan.
iss beach, itali mein, wolf aur whiatinghoff, joe abb senaa samooh see key commander hain, ney switzerland mein os pramukh key saath lagbhag ack praarambhik aatmasamarpan samjhauta kiya thaa. operation suryodaya (dwiteeya vishva yuddh) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.operation suryodaya], yeye gupt vaartaaen march 1945 kii shuruat seey hii chala rahee theen. casselring koo unake baare mein pataa thaa, joe pahale seey hii unake liye sahmat they, halanki unhone apane swayam key karmchaariyon koo soochit naheen kiya thaa. unake sansmaranon key anusaar, caseloring ney baad mein hitler koo soochit kiya. antim samay mein, casselring kaa munn badal gayaa aur unhone samjhaute koo sweekaar naheen karane kaa faisala kiya, kyonki unhein lagaa kii yeh senaa samooh jee koo khatare mein daal sakata haye. 30 aprail koo, unhone whiatinghoff aur unake cheef off staff, [[hains rotiger]] donon koo ack sambhaavit court marshel key liye oh. key. doubleu. key swabhaav mein daal diyaa. unaki jagah kramshah [[[friedrich schulz]] aur friedrich venzel ney leey lii.
[[faailah jero wonn schulz-gavernitz ney bolzano mein german mukhyalaya kaa daura kiya.jey. pee. jee..angootha.baaen.[[jero wonn schulz-gavernitz] 12 maee 1945 koo bozen mein german mukhyalaya kaa daura kiya. baaen seey daaenh [[huns rotiger]], gavernitz, usen weiner, [[heinrich wonn whittinghoff]], [[usen dolman]] aur [[carle wolf]].]]
agali subah, 1 maee koo, rotiger ney schulz aur venzel donon koo giraftar karke aur schulz kii jagah lene key liye lemelson koo bulaakar pratikriya vyakt kii. lemelsen ney shuru mein incar curr diyaa, kyonki unake paas casselring seey ack likhit adesh thaa jisamen unake spasht pradhikaran key binaa dushman key saath kissy bhee baatchit parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. iss samay taka, whiatinghoff aur wolf ney alekjendar key saath yuddhaviram curr liya thaa, joe abb ack feeled marshel (united kingdam) thaa..feeled marshel] aur bhoomadhyasagariya rangmanch key sahayogi commander-inn-cheef. yuddhaviram 2 maee koo 14:00 parr prabhaavi hoe gayaa. lemelsen pahunch gaye, aur schulz aur venzel ney niyantran hassil curr liya, iss baar adhikaariyon dwara twarit aatmasamarpan key liye dabaav daalane parr sahamati vyakt kii. itali mein german senaaon koo abb sahyogiyon dwara poori tarah seey parajit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe teji seey [[garmish]] seey [[insbrook]] kii or badh rahey they. casselloring aatmasamarpan key khilaf baney rahey, lekin antatah 2 maee kii dair subah caseloring koo unake mukhyalaya mein dou ghante kii phone coll key baad wolf ney unhein jeet liya.
alps key uttar mein, senaa samooh jee ney 6 maee koo iska anusaran kiya. unake sansmaranon key anusaar, casselring ney abb apana mukhyalaya aatmasamarpan karane kaa faisala kiya. unhone hausar koo ss sainikon kii nigrani karane kaa adesh diyaa taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii unake nirdeshon key anusaar aatmasamarpan kiya gayaa thaa. casselring ney 9 maee 1945 koo austriya mein salzberg key paas ack americi mejar key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. unhein mejar general [maxwell dee] seey milane key liye leey jaaya gayaa. teller], [[101 vein vayu prabhaag (sanyukt raajya america) key commander.us 101 veen airbourne division], jinhone unake saath vinamrata seey vyavhaar kiya, unhein apane hathiyaron aur feeled marshel kii batton rakhane kii anumati dee, aur senaa samoohon key purvi front mukhyalaya kaa daura karane key liye kendra aur dakshin mein [[zeltweg]] aur [[graaz] binaa kissy sahaayata key. teller ney casselring aur usake karmchaariyon key liye [[berchtesgaden]] mein ack hotal mein jaane kii vyavastha kii. teller aur casselring kii ack saath chaay peene kii tasveeron ney sanyukt raajya america mein halchal machaa dee.
yuddh key baad key apane sansmaranon mein, casselring ney kahaa kii unhone yuddh kii samaapti key baad germany key punarvaas kii shuruat karane kii parikalpana kii. isake bajaay, usey giraftar curr liya gayaa. 15 maee 1945 koo, casselring koo [[mondorf-less-bains]] leey jaaya gayaa jahan seey unaki laathi aur sajawat chheen lii gaee aur unhein kaid curr liya gayaa. 1946 mein british hirasat mein sthanantarit honey seey pahale unhein americi pough shiviron mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. unhone [[neuremberg mukadame]] mein gawahi dee..goring key baare mein neuremberg mukadama], lekin soviyat, americi aur british commanders key khilaf gawahi dene key unake prastaavon koo aswikar curr diyaa gayaa.
yuddh key baad.
mukadama.
[[faailah keselringdetentionReport.jey. pee. jee..albert casselring kii juuna 1945 kii hirasat report. tasveeren taba lii gaee theen jaba unhone abhee bhee ack [[dress uniform]] pahani hui thee..seedha = 2.angootha.ault = caseloring aaee. dee. photo, aage aur profile mein]]
yuddh key anta taka, kaee italvi logon key liye, casselring kaa naam, jisake hastakshar posters aur german kabje dwara apanaae gaye kathor upaayon kii ghoshana karane vaale mudrit aadeshon parr dikhaai diye, utpeedan aur aatank kaa paryaay bunn gayaa thaa joe german kabje kii visheshta thaa. german balon dwara kiye gaye atyacharon kii ack lambi shrinkhala key liye doshi thaharaae gaye german adhikaariyon kii soochi mein casselring kaa naam sabse oopar thaa.
octuber 1943 kii masco ghoshana mein vaadaa kiya gayaa thaa kii "una german adhikaariyon aur purushon aur naazi party key sadasyon koo, joe uparokt atyacharon, narsamhaaron aur fansi key liye jimmedaar rahey hain yaa jinhone sahamati seey bhaag liya haye, una deshon mein vaapas bhej diyaa jaayega jahaan unake ghrinit kaary kiye gaye they taaki inn mukt deshon key kaanoonon aur swatantra sarkaaron key anusaar unakaa nyaay kiya jaa sakey aur unhein dandit kiya jaa sakey joe vahaan sthaapit kii jaayengi."haalaanki, british, joe yuddh aparaadh pareekshan neeti koo dhaalane mein prerak shakti they, joe [[neuremberg pareekshan]] mein samaapt hui, spasht roop seey apani hirasat mein uchch padasth german adhikaariyon koo baahar curr diyaa.
angrejon ney sheersh german yuddh apraadhiyon key khilaf dou badey mukadame aayojit kiye jinhone italvi abhiyaan key dauran aparaadh kiye they. raajneetik karanon seey mukadame itali mein aayojit karane kaa nirnay liya gayaa thaa, lekin itali dwara ack italvi nyayadhish koo bhaag lene kii anumati dene key anurodh koo iss aadhar parr aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa kii itali ack sahayogi desh naheen thaa. mukadame 18 juuna 1945 key shaahi warrant key tahat aayojit kiye gaye they, iss prakaar british sainya kaanoon key tahat. iss nirnay ney mukdamon koo ack asthir kanuni aadhar parr rakhaa, kyonki videshi nagrikon parr videshon mein videshiyon key khilaf apraadhon key liye mukadama chalaaya jaa rhaa thaa. rome mein aayojit pahala mukadama mckenson aur rome key sainya commandant "generallutenent" [[curt malzer]] kaa thaa, joe arditine narsamhar mein unaki bhoomika key liye thaa. donon koo 30 navambar 1946 koo maut kii sajaa sunai gaee thee.
17 farwari 1947 koo venis mein casselring kaa apana mukadama shuru huaa. british sainya adalat kii adhyakshata mejar general (united kingdam) ney kii thee..mejar general]] surr [admond hackwill-smith], chaar leftinent curnell kii sahaayata seey. curnell richard see. halls-joe pahale seey hii mckenson aur malzer key liye maut kii sajaa praapt curr chuke they-abhiyojak they. casselring kii kanuni team kaa netritva [[hains laterner]] ney kiya thaa, joe ack kushal german vakeel they, joe [[anglo-saxon kaanoon]] mein visheshagya they, jinhone neuremberg parikshanon mein kaee prativaadiyon kaa pratinidhitva kiya thaa, aur baad mein [[erich wonn manstein]] kaa pratinidhitva kiya thaa. casselring kii apani kanuni team koo bhugtan karane kii kshamata baadhit hui kyonki unaki sampatti sahyogiyon dwara jabt curr dee gaee thee, lekin unaki kanuni lagaton koo antatah dakshin america mein doston aur [[franconia]] mein rishtedaron dwara puuraa kiya gayaa thaa.
[[faailah feeled marshel albert casselring, ack gawah, neuremberg yuddh apraadhon key mukadame mein.jey. pee. jee..angootha.baaen.casselring ney ack gawah key roop mein gawahi dee [[neuremberg yuddh aparaadh mukadame]]]]]
casselring koo dou aaropon mein aaropit kiya gayaa thaah arditine narsamhar mein 335 italvi logon kii goli markar hatyaa karna aur italvi nagrikon koo maarne key liye uksana. unhone "[[neuremberg bachaav]]" kaa ahwan naheen kiya (haalaanki laterner ney apani antim daleelon mein kiya). balki, casselring ney kahaa kii pakshpaatiyon dwara maare gaye pratyek german sanic key liye duss italvi nagrikon koo maarne kaa adesh "nyaaypurna aur vaidh" thaa. 6 maee 1947 koo, adalat ney unhein donon aaropon mein doshi paaya aur unhein firing daste dwara maut kii sajaa sunai, jise fansi seey adhik sammaanjanak maanaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki adalat ney bandhakon koo lene kii vaidhata koo sweekaar curr liya, lekin usane pratishodh mein nirdosh vyaktiyon kii hatyaa kii vaidhata kaa sawal khula chhod diyaa; donon key beach antar koo baad mein [[alakman key mukadame]] mein spasht kiya gayaa.
pratishodh key abhiyaan key liye niyojit badaa mukadama kabhi naheen huaa, lekin isake bajaay aprail aur juuna 1947 key beach [[padua] mein [[villie tensfeld]], nausena waldemer krumar, 26vein panger division key [[edward cressman]], aur 16vein aiss. aiss. pansergrenadier division key [[max saiman]] key liye chhote parikshanon kii ack shrinkhala aayojit kii gaee. tensfeld koo burry curr diyaa gayaa; cressman koo 10 saal kii sajaa sunai gaee; aur saiman koo maut kii sajaa sunai gaee, lekin unaki sajaa koo cumm curr diyaa gayaa. saiman kaa mukadama angrejon dwara itali mein aayojit antim mukadama thaa. 1949 taka, british sainya nyayadhikaranon ney 230 germans koo maut kii sajaa aur anya 447 koo hirasat kii sajaa sunai thee.
yuu dwara aayojit german generalon kaa ekmatra mukadama.aiss. itali mein sainya nyayadhikaran [[anton dostler]] key they, joe [[ell. aiks. vee. armi corps (germany) key commander they..ell. aiks. aiks. vee. senaa core], aur [[curt malzer]]. dostler parr octuber 1945 mein operation ginny key dauran us 2677 veen vishesh tohi batalian key 15 sadasyon key nishpaadan key liye mukadama chalaaya gayaa. unhein doshi paaya gayaa aur 1 disambar 1945 koo goli maar dee gaee. malzer parr sitambar 1946 mein yuu koo pared karane key liye mukadama chalaaya gayaa.aiss. rome kii sadakon parr apmaanjanak tareeke seey ghoomata haye. malzer koo doshi paaya gayaa aur 10 saal kii jail kii sajaa sunai gaee, halanki baad mein unhein british hirasat mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. 
capler sahit general key pada seey neeche key kaee adhikaariyon koo mukadame key liye italvi adalaton mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeye angrejon seey bahut alag kanuni manakon koo lagu karate they-joe aksar prativaadiyon key liye adhik anukool hotey they. vidambana yeh haye kii varishth commanders dwara aiss. aiss. parr atyacharon key liye dosh sthanantarit karane key baar-baar prayason koo dekhate hue, itali mein sabse varishth aiss. aiss. commander, wolf aur itali mein [[heinrich himler]] key vyaktigat pratinidhi, [[usen dolman], abhiyojan seey butch gaye. 1964 mein, jaba dools america [[kendriya khufiya agency]] key pramukh key roop mein sevaanivritt hue, tou wolf koo ack german adalat dwara [[narsamhar]] kaa doshi thaharaaya gayaa. unhein 1969 mein riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
jail seey sthanantaran aur rihaai.
casselring key khilaf maut key faisale ney united kingdam mein akrosh paida curr diyaa, jahan casselring koo unake poorv dushmanon dwara sahaanubhootipoorvak dekhaa gayaa, jisamen poorv [[united kingdam key pradhaan mantri]] bhee shamil they..pradhaan mantri], [[winston churchill]], aur alekjendar, jinhone pradhaan mantri [[clement atley]] koo ack taar bheja thaa, jisamen unhone ummeed jataai thee kii casselring kii sajaa koo cumm curr diyaa jaayega. "yuddh key maidan mein apane puraane pratidvandi key roop mein", unhone kahaa, "mujhe unake khilaf koee shikayat naheen haye. casselloring aur unake sainikon ney hamaare khilaf kadee mehnat kii lekin saaf-suthare tareeke seey ladey."alekjendar ney 1943 mein hii ack sainya commander key roop mein casselring key liye apani prashansa vyakt kii thee. apane 1961 key sansmaranon mein, alekjendar ney ack commander key roop mein casselring koo shraddhanjali dee, jinhone" "una hatash sthitiyon seey khud koo baahar nikaalane mein mahaan kaushal dikhaaya, jinamen unaki doshpurna buddhimatta ney unhein netritva kiya thaa.
alekjendar kii bhaavanaon koo leftinent general surr [[oliver lease]] ney pratidhwanit kiya, jinhone italvi abhiyaan mein british aathvin senaa kii kamaan sambhali thee. maee 1947 key ack sakshatkar mein, lease ney kahaa kii vaha yeh sunkar "bahut dukhi" they kii unhein kyaa lagata haye kii "british vijeta kaa nyaay" casselring parr thopa jaa rhaa haye, ack "atyant veer sanic jisane apani ladaai nishpaksh aur spasht roop seey ladee thee. churchill ney tippani kii kii "caseloring ack achche general they, ack saksham karmchari key saath" "vijay aur trasdi" mein, unake "[dwiteeya vishva yuddh key itihas] key antim khand mein. [villium sidney, pratham wiscount dee ll 'aisal.lord dee ll 'aisal], jinhen angio mein veerata key liye [[victoria cross] seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, ney [[house off lords]] mein iss mudde koo uthaaya.
italvi sarkaar ney maut kii sajaa dene seey incar curr diyaa, kyonki 1944 mein itali mein maut kii sajaa koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur ise musolini key [[faasivaad]] kaa avashesh maanaa jaataa thaa..fasiwadi]] shasson. italvi nirnay british sarkaar key liye bahut nirashajanak thaa kyonki parikshanon kaa aanshik roop seey italvi janata kii apekshaon koo puuraa karane kaa irada thaa. yuddh karyalaya ney leftinent general koo soochit kiya [[johnn harding, patherton key pahale bairan harding].surr johnn harding], jinhone 1946 mein bhoomadhyasagariya mein british balon key commander key roop mein alekjendar kaa sthaan liya thaa, kii aur maut kii sajaa naheen honey chaahiye aur joe pahale seey hii lagaae gaye hain unhein parivartit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. tadnusar, harding ney mckenson, malzer aur casselring parr lagaai gaee maut kii sajaa koo 4 julaai 1947 koo aajivan karawas mein badal diyaa. malzer kii farwari 1952 mein jail mein rahate hue mrityu hoe gaee, jabaki mckenson kii sajaa koo ghataakar 21 saal karane key baad, octuber 1952 mein unhein riha curr diyaa gayaa.
maee 1947 mein, casselring koo venis key paas [[mestre]] jail seey [[wolfsberg, carinthia]] mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. wolfsberg mein rahate hue ack poorv ss mejar ney unase sampark kiya, jisane bachane kii yojana taiyar kii thee. casselring key anusaar, unhone iss aadhar parr prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa kii ise aparaadh sweekaar key roop mein dekhaa jaayega. anya varishth naazi hastiyaan wolfsberg seey dakshin america yaa seeriya bhaagne mein kamyab raheen. octuber 1947 mein unhein antim baar westfelia mein [[verl jail]] mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
casselring ney yuddh key itihas parr apana kaam phir seey shuru kiya jise vaha [[americi senaa key aitihaasik vibhajan] key liye likh rahey they. 1946 mein [[franz halder]] key nirdeshan mein kaam karane vaale iss prayaas ney yuddh key aitihaasik adhyayan key uddeshya seey kaee german generalon koo ack saath laaya, jisamen [[gothard henricy]], [[henz guderian]], [[lother randulic]], [[hasso wonn montefel]] aur cookler shamil they. casselring ney itali aur uttari africa mein yuddh aur german alakman key saamane aaney vaali samasyaon key adhyayan mein yogdan diyaa. casselring ney apane sansmaranon parr bhee gupt roop seey kaam kiya. pandulipi koo rainers kii maan, irmgard horn-casselring dwara taskari karke baahar nikala gayaa thaa, jinhone ise apane ghar parr type kiya thaa.
jail seey unaki rihaai key liye pairavi karane key liye britten mein ack prabhaavshaali samooh ikattha huaa. [[morris hankey, pratham bairan hankey].lord hankey], samooh mein rajneta lord dee ll 'aisal aur [[richard stokes (rajneta)] shamil they..richard stokes], alekjendar aur [bede key admiral (shaahi nausena).bede key admiral] [villium boyley, cork key 12vein earl.cork aur aureri key earl], aur sainya itihaaskaar [[tulsi lidel haart]] aur [[jey. aff. see. poorna]]. 1951 mein pradhaanmantri pada parr phir seey aaney parr, winston churchill, joe samooh seey nikatata seey judey they, ney british hirasat mein bache yuddh apraadhiyon kii sheeghra rihaai koo prathamikta dee.
iss beach, germany mein sainya kaidiyon kii rihaai ack raajneetik mudda bunn gayaa thaa. 1949 mein [[paschimi germany]] kii sthaapana aur poorv sahyogiyon aur soviyat sangh key beach [[sheet yuddh] key aagaman key saath, yeh apariharya hoe gayaa kii german sashastr balon koo kissy naa kissy roop mein punarjeevit kiya jaayega, aur paschimi gathbandhan mein german sainya bhagidari key liye ack shart key roop mein sainya kaidiyon key liye maafi kii maang kii gaee thee. germany mein ack media abhiyaan dheere-dheere teji seey badhata gayaa. unhone linny casselring key saath ack sakshatkar prakaashit kiya aur casselring aur manstein key baare mein "nyaay, dayaa naheen" sheershak seey ack shrinkhala chalaai. 1952 mein british sarkaar parr dabaav badh gayaa jaba [[germany key kuladhipati (sanghiya ganarajya)].german chansler] [[konrad adenauer]] ney yeh spasht curr diyaa kii [[europeeya raksha samudaay]] sandhi kaa paschim german anusamarthan german sainya hastiyon kii rihaai parr nirbhar thaa.
julaai 1952 mein, casselring key galey mein cancer kii vriddhi kaa pataa chalaa. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, unhone aksar prati dinn bees sigar peete they, lekin 1925 mein dhumrapan chhod diyaa thaa. haalaanki angrejon koo nidan parr sandeh thaa, unhein chinta thee kii unaki jail mein mrityu hoe sakati haye jaisa kii malzer ney kii thee, joe ack jansampark aapada hogi. casselring koo ack aspatal mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, joe suraksha mein thaa. octuber 1952 mein, unhein kharaab swaasthya key aadhar parr jail kii sajaa seey riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unaki rihaai ney itali mein virodh kaa toofaan khadaa curr diyaa.
baad kaa jeevan.
1952 mein, aspatal mein rahate hue, casselring ney teen diggajon key sangathanon kii maanad adhyakshata sweekaar kii. pahala thaa, jisamen diggaj shamil they. dha, dha veterance association off dha africa corps, jald hii iska anusaran kiya. dakshinpanthi diggajon key sangh kii adhyakshata adhik vivadaspad thee. iss sangathan key netritva ney unaki pratishtha koo dhumil kiya. unhone sangathan mein sudhaar karane kaa prayaas kiya, prastaav diyaa kii nayaa [[germany kaa jhanda]].german jhanda]] puraane shaahi jhande key bajaay faharaaya jaae; kii purana abhivaadan! samaapt kiya jaae; aur [[germany kii samajik loktaantrik party]] key sadasyon koo shamil honey kii anumati dee jaae. sangathan kii or seey pratikriya utsaaheen thee.
casselring kii rihaai ney [[italvi sansad]] mein akrosh aur akrosh paida curr diyaa. casselring ney ukasaave vaali pratikriya vyakt karate hue kahaa kii unhone kuchh aadeshon kaa paalan naheen karke laakhon italvi logon kii zaan bachaai thee aur unhein unakaa ack smaarak banaana chaahiye. isake jawab mein, 4 disambar 1952 koo, ack italvi nyaayvid, sanic, vishvavidyalaya key professor aur rajneta, joe [[italvi pratirodh andolan] key netaa rahey they, ney ack [[[faasivaad virodhi]] kavita likhi, ("upman kaa smaarak"). kavita mein, kailamandrei ney kahaa kii aggar casselring lautata haye tou usey vaastav mein ack smaarak milega, lekin patthar seey bhee majboot, joe italvi pratirodh senaniyon seey banaa hoga, jinhone "swechha seey hathiyar uthaaye, garima banaae rakhane key liye, nafrat koo badhaava dene key liye naheen, aur jinhone duniya kii sherm aur aatank key khilaf ladane kaa faisala kiya. kailamandrei kii kavita [[cueno]], [[montepulsiano]] aur [[sant 'annaa dee stazema]] shaharon key smarakon parr dikhaai detee haye.
casselring key sansmaran 1953 mein ("antim dinn taka ack sanic") key roop mein prakaashit hue they. angreji sanskaran ack saal baad "ack sanic key record" key roop mein prakaashit huaa thaa. casselring kii daleelen kii britten kii ladaai mein looftwaff koo havaa mein parajit naheen kiya gayaa thaa aur [operation see lyon]-britten key aakraman-key baare mein socha gayaa thaa, lekin kabhi bhee gambhirta seey yojana naheen banaai gaee thee, vivadaspad theen. 1950 key dashak key dauran, anya sroton key abhaav mein, sainya itihaaskaar aksar sansmaranon kaa srot key roop mein upayog karate they. unake sansmaranon mein ack mahatvapurna dosh dusaron kii aalochana karane mein anichha thee, iss hudd taka kii way una nirnayon kaa pratinidhitva karate they jinase way usa samay sarvasammati key utpaad key roop mein dridhata seey asahmat they.
pustak achchi bikati thee, lekin aalochak satark they. ack senapati key roop mein apani pratibha koo pahachaante hue, unhone kahaa kii casselring ney "spasht roop seey kabhi bhee khud seey yeh sawal naheen poochhaah 'andhe aagyakarita kaa anta kahaan hotaa haye aur jimmedaari kii bhavna prabhaavi honey lagati haye, aggar adesh key uchchatam star parr naheen?'angreji sanskaran kii sameeksha karate hue, leftinent general [[lucian truscott].lucian key. truscott junier.]], jinhone sanyukt raajya america kii kamaan sambhali thee [[teesari paidal senaa division (sanyukt raajya america)].teesari paidal senaa division], [[vi core (sanyukt raajya america)].] aur itali mein paanchvin senaa ney "[[newyork times]]" key liye pustak kii sameeksha kii. unhone usa sammaan kaa ullekh kiya jisamen unake dushmanon dwara caseloring koo rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin "naazi jyadatiyon key prati apani aur saathi adhikaariyon kii udasinta key liye aatm-auchitya kaa dhaga bhee."1955 mein, casselring ney ack doosari pustak prakaashit kii, (" "dwiteeya vishva yuddh parr vichaar" ").
[[faailah prachaar key liye altanaazis imm weston, berlin 1957.jpg.angootha.purvi germany mein casselring kaa chehra.purvi german]] 1957 mein prachaar poster.ault=]]
casselring ney "german sanic kii anyaaypurna roop seey smerch kii gaee pratishtha" kaa virodh kiya. navambar 1953 mein, ack yuddh aparaadh mukadame mein gawahi dete hue, unhone chetavani dee kii "aggar german sarkaar dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein kiye gaye krityon key liye german sainikon parr mukadama chalaati rahee tou naee german senaa key liye koee swayamsevak naheen hoga. unhone utsaahpoorvak europeeya raksha samudaay kaa samarthan kiya, aur sujhaav diyaa kii "cull key yuddh virodhiyon koo cull key shaanti saathi aur dost banana chaahiye. doosari or, unhone yeh bhee ghoshana kii kii joe loga maanate hain kii hamein loktaantrik siddhanton key anusaar apane vichaaron koo sanshodhit karna chaahiye, unhein yeh "aashcharyajanak" lagaa... yeh usase adhik haye joe main leey sakata huun."
march 1954 mein, casselring aur linny ney austriya kaa daura kiya, jahir taur parr niji nagrikon key roop mein. vaha poorv sathiyon aur jail key sathiyon seey milaa, jinamen seey kuchh poorv ss sadasya they, jisase austriyai sarkaar koo sharmindagi hui, jisane usey nirvaasit karane kaa adesh diyaa. unhone adesh koo nazarandaj curr diyaa aur ack saptah baad jaane seey pahale apana daura puuraa curr liya, jaisa kii unhone chaaha thaa. unaki ekmatra aadhikarik sarkari seva padak aayog mein thee, jisaki sthaapana germany key rashtrapati ney kii thee..rashtrapati] [[theoder hyus]]. antatah, aayog ney sarvasammati seey sifarish kii kii padak pahanane kii anumati dee jaani chaahiye-lekin [[swastik]] key binaa. vaha "generalon key mukdamon" key liye ack visheshagya gawah they. generalon key mukadame germany mein kiye gaye apraadhon key liye german adalaton key samaksh german nagrikon key mukadame they, jinamen seey sabse pramukh [[ferdinand scorner]] kaa thaa.
casselring kii mrityu 16 julaai 1960 koo 74 varsh kii ayu mein paschim germany mein ack [[sanitorium] mein [[badd nauhem]] mein [[dill kaa daura]] padane key baad hui. unakaa ardh-sainya antim sanskar kiya gayaa aur [[kharaab visi]] mein bergfriedhoff kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa. sadasyon ney unake pair rakhane vaalon key roop mein kaam kiya aur unaki kabr parr rifle walley chalaai. unake poorv cheef off staff, [[sigfried westfell]] ney uttari africa aur itali key diggajon key liye baat kii, jisamen caseloring koo "charitra kii prashansaniya shakti vaale vyakti key roop mein varnit kiya, jinaki dekhbhal sabhi rankon key sainikon key liye thee. [[joseph kammuber] ney kii or seey baat kii aur ummeed vyakt kii kii casselring koo unaki baad kii gatividhiyon key bajaay unaki pichhali uplabdhiyon key liye yaad kiya jaayega. poorv [sape dietreach], poorv-kuladhipati [[franz wonn papen]], scorner, grand admiral [[carle donitz]], [[otto remer]], [[joachim peeper]] aur rahn bhee upasthit they.
2000 mein, casselring kii mrityu kii chaalisvin varshgaanth key avsar parr kharaab visi mein ack smaarak karyakram aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. upasthit logon kaa koee pratinidhi iss aadhar parr naheen thaa kii casselring "hamari parampara kaa hissa banane key yogya naheen thaa. isake bajaay, dou diggajon key samoohon, (german monte casino association) aur (german paratroopers association) ney casselring koo yaad karane kaa kaam sambhala. apane umradaraaz sainikon key liye, casselring ack commander baney rahey jinhen yaad kiya jaanaa thaa.
laathi.
caseloring kii batton koo ack niji dwara jabt curr liya gayaa thaa joe dusare bakhtarband division (sanyukt raajya america) key saath scout key roop mein seva curr rhaa thaa..us 2nd bakhtarband division], julaai 1945 mein berlin mein pravesh karane vaalaa pahala us division. unhein una mahalon kii khoj karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa jinka upayog uchch shreni key german adhikaariyon dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur unhein batton milaa. yeh 1977 mein unaki mrityu taka unake kabje mein rhaa, jaba yeh unaki vidhwa koo aur phir unake bete koo diyaa gayaa, jinhone ise 2010 mein alex cooper nilamikartaon dwara nilami key liye rakhaa. hamein 10,000 dollar aur 15,000 dollar key beach milane kii ummeed thee, ise ack niji bolidata koo 731,600 dollar mein betch diyaa gayaa thaa.
baahari link.
[[vargah 1885 janm]]
[[vargah1960 mautein]]
[[vargah baari parr havaai hamla]]
[[shrenihjarmani sansmarankar]]
[[shrenihpratham vishva yuddh key german senaa key karmi]]
[[shrenih dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran itali mein kiye gaye yuddh apraadhon key liye doshi thaharaae gaye german]]
[[shrenihsanyukt raajya america dwara dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein german yuddh bandee]]
[[shrenihbritish senaa dwara maut kii sajaa paae kaidi]]
[[shrenih yuddh apraadhon key liye doshi thaharaae gaye looftwaff karmi]]
[[shrenihluftwafe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key feeled marshel]]
[[vargahbavariya key sainya karmi]]
[[vargahkitzingen (jilaa) key loga]]
[[vargahbavariya raajya key loga]]
[[vargah lohe key cross kii pakad key praaptakarta, pratham shreni]]
[[vargah oak key patton, talvaaron aur heere key saath lohe key cross key night cross key praaptakarta]]
[[shrenih20veen sadee key sansmarankar]]

