
cluney abby

cluney abby (;, pahale cluney yaa clugney bhee;) cluney, saaone-aitt-lloyer, france mein ack poorv benedictine mathh haye. yeh sant peater koo samarpit thaa.
mathh kaa nirmaan roman vastukala shally mein kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen chauthi seey 12veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka teen churchon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. sabse pahala basilica sent centuary taka duniya kaa sabse badaa church thaa. peater key basilica kaa nirmaan rome mein shuru huaa.
cluney kii sthaapana 910 mein aquitain key duke villium pratham dwara kii gaee thee. unhone berno koo cluney key pahale mathadhish key roop mein naamit kiya, joe kewal pope sergius III key adheen thaa. mathh sent key shasson key sakht paalan key liye ullekhaniya thaa. benedict, jisake dwara cluney koo paschimi mathvaad key netaa key roop mein sweekaar kiya gayaa. 1790 mein francisi kranti key dauran, mathh koo barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur jyaadaatar nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen kewal ack chhota saa hissa bachaa thaa.
1334 key aspas seey, cluney key mathadhishon ney peris mein ack townhouse kaa rakharkhaav kiya jise hotal dee cluney key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye, joe 1843 seey ack saarvajanik sangrahalaya rhaa haye. naam aur khud kii imarat key alawa, isamen abb mool roop seey cluney seey judaa kuchh bhee naheen haye.
itihas.
neenv.
910 mein, villium pratham, duke off aquitine "dha pues", aur count off overn ney cluney kii mandali key motherhouse key roop mein, ack mamuli paimaane parr cluney key benedictine mathh kii sthaapana kii. upahaar key vilekh mein daakh kii baariyan, khet, ghaas key maidan, jangal, paani, mill, daas aur kheti kii aur kheti naa kii gaee bhoomi shamil thee. garibon, ajnabiyon aur teerthyatriyon koo aatithya diyaa jaanaa thaa. yeh nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa kii mathh sthaaniya adhikaariyon, samanya yaa sampradayik seey mukt hoga, aur kewal pope key adheen hoga, iss praavdhaan key saath kii vaha bhee sampatti koo jabt naheen curr sakata, vibhajit naheen curr sakata yaa kissy aur koo naheen dey sakata yaa bhikshuon kii sahamati key binaa ack mathadhish niyukt naheen curr sakata. villium ney cluney koo sant peater aur paul key sanrakshan mein rakhaa, aur kissy koo bhee joe charter kaa ullanghan karna chaahiye, usey shraap diyaa. itali mein alps key paar pope key saath, iska matlab thaa kii mathh anivarya roop seey swatantra thaa.
bargandi key jangalon mein apane shikaar sanrakshan koo daan karane mein, villium ney prarthana key alawa apane aur apane parivaar key liye bhavishya key sabhi daayitvon seey cluney abby koo mukt curr diyaa. samkaaleen sanrakshkon ney aam taur parr ack swaamitva hita banaae rakhaa aur apane rishtedaron koo mathadhishon key roop mein sthaapit karane kii ummeed kii. aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii villium ney nae mathh koo iss tarah kii dharmnirpeksh uljhanon seey mukt karane aur clunic sudhaaron kii shuruat karane key liye pahale mathadhish berno key saath yeh vyavastha kii thee. uchit karyon ney jode gaye mathh kii sabhi sampattiyon koo pavitra banaa diyaa, aur unhein lena apavitrata karna thaa. jald hii, cluney koo pavitra roman samrajya seey laker dakshini ingland seey itali taka key spanish raajyon taka, lagbhag europe seey vaseeyat milane luggy. yeh ack shaktishali mathon kii mandali bunn gaee joe cluney mein kendriya mathh key adhikaar key tahat mathon aur priory key network kaa swaamitva aur sanchaalan karati thee. yeh ack atyadhik mool aur safal pranali thee, cluney key mathadhish antarrashtriya munch parr netaa bunn gaye aur cluney key mathh koo europe mein sabse bhavya, sabse pratishthit aur sabse sampann mathh sansthaan maanaa jaataa thaa. 10veen shatabdi key uttaraardh seey laker 12veen kii shuruat taka clunic prabhaav kii oonchaai thee. pahali nanon koo 11veen shatabdi key dauran iss crum mein pravesh diyaa gayaa thaa.
cluney aur gregorian sudhaar.
cluney mein shuru kiye gaye sudhaar kuchh hudd taka anion key benedict key prabhaav key liye pataa lagaane yogya they, jinhone 817 mein aachen (aiks-laa-chappel) mein aayojit adesh key mathadhishon kii pahali mahaan baithak mein apane nae vichaaron koo saamane rakhaa thaa. berno ney pahale boum ebe mein niyam kii benedict kii vyakhya koo apanaaya thaa.
cluney koo apane anushasana kii gambhirta yaa tapasweeta key liye naheen jaanaa jaataa thaa, lekin cluney key mathadhishon ney pope shasson key punruddhar aur pope gregory VII key sudhaaron kaa samarthan kiya. clunic pratishthaan ney khud koo pope shasson key saath nikatata seey pahachaana. 12veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, kharaab sarkaar key tahat vyavastha ney gati khou dee. baad mein ise mathadhish peater dha venable (mrityu 1156) key tahat punarjeevit kiya gayaa, jinhone shithil prathmiktaon koo vaapas kataar mein laaya aur sakht anushasana mein laut aae. cluney peater key adheen shakti aur prabhaav key apane charam parr pahunch gayaa, kyonki isake bhikshu poore france aur pavitra roman samrajya mein bishap, uttaradhikari aur cardinal bunn gaye. lekin jaba taka peater kii mrityu hui, taba taka cysterian jaise nae aur adhik kathor adesh church mein sudhaar kii agali lahar paida curr rahey they. mathon kii sanrachanaon key baahar, angreji aur francisi raashtravaad key uday ney mathon key astitva key liye pratikool vatavaran paida kiya, joe bargandi mein rahane vaale ack pramukh dwara nirankush roop seey shaasit thaa. 1378 seey 1409 key pope key matbhed ney wafadari koo aur vibhajit kiyaah france ney avignon mein ack pope aur rome mein ingland koo maanyata dete hue, cluney aur usake aashrit gharon key beach sambandhon mein hastakshep kiya. tanaav key tahat, kuchh angreji gharon, jaise kii lenton priyori, nottingham, koo praakritik banaa diyaa gayaa thaa (1392 mein lenton) aur abb videshi priyori key roop mein naheen maanaa jaataa haye, jisase clunic sanrachana kamjor hoe jaati haye.
francisi kranti key samay taka, catholic church key prati krantikari ghrina key kaaran 1790 mein france mein vyavastha kaa daman hoe gayaa aur 1810 mein cluney mein mathh koo lagbhag poori tarah seey dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa. baad mein, ise 1823 taka ack khadaan key roop mein becha aur upayog kiya gayaa thaa. aaj, poore mathh key mool aathh meenaron mein seey ack seey thodaa adhik avashesh hain.
abby kii aadhunik khudai 1927 mein harvard vishvavidyalaya key americi vastukala itihaaskaar keneth johnn connent key nirdeshan mein shuru hui aur 1950 taka jaari rahee (halanki lagaatar naheen).
sangathan.
cluney kaa mathh anya benedictine gharon aur parisanghon seey teen tarikon seey alag thaah 
cluney ney sarkaar kaa ack atyadhik kendrikrit roop vikasit kiya joe poori tarah seey benedictine parampara seey alag thaa. jabaki adhikansh benedictine mathh swaayatt rahey aur kewal anaupchaarik roop seey ack-dusare seey judey rahey, cluney ney ack badee, sanghiya vyavastha banaai jisamen sahayak gharon key prashaasak cluney key mathadhish key pratinidhi key roop mein kaary karate they aur unhein jawab dete they. clunic house, seedhe cluney key mathadhish kii dekhrekh mein honey key kaaran, order key pramukh, pasandida shally key they, naa kii mathh. prashaasnik muddon seey nipatane aur report banaane key liye varsh mein ack baar prior yaa prior key pramukh cluney mein milate they. kaee anya paropkari mathh, yahaan taka kii pahale key mathh bhee, cluney koo apana maargdarshak maanate they. jaba 1016 mein pope benedict VIII ney faisala sunaaya kii cluney key visheshadhikaron koo adheenasth sadanon taka badhaaya jaae, tou benedictine samudaayon koo clunic order mein shamil honey key liye aur protsaahan diyaa gayaa.
aanshik roop seey adesh kii samriddhi key kaaran, nanon key clunic mathon koo vishesh roop seey laagat prabhaavi naheen maanaa gayaa thaa. adesh koo mahilaaon key liye kaee nae gharon kii sthaapana mein koee ruchi naheen thee, isaliye unaki upasthiti hamesha seemit thee.
cluney key reeti-rivaaj ack krishi kii drishti seey aatmanirbhar ikai key roop mein ack benedictine mathh key pahale key aadarsh seey ack badalaav kaa pratinidhitva karate they. yeh europe key adhik romnikrit hisson key samkaaleen vilaa aur adhik samanti hisson key jagir key samaan thaa, jisamen pratyek sadasya shaaririk shram key saath-saath prarthana bhee kartaa thaa. 817 mein "dusare aashirvaad", anion key sent benedict ney sabhi carolingian mathon koo niyantrit karane key liye pavitra lui key aagrah parr mathon key samvidhaan vikasit kiye. unhone sweekaar kiya kii kaale bhikshu abb shaaririk shram seey apana bharan-poshan naheen karate they. cluney key sthaayi prarthana karane key samjhaute ("loss perenis", shaabdik roop seey "shashwat prashansa") kaa matlab thaa kii isane bhoomikaon mein visheshagyata koo badhaa diyaa thaa.
shayed paschimi duniya key sabse dhanee mathon key ghar key roop mein, cluney ney bhikshuon key paaramparik shram koo karane key liye prabandhakon aur shramikon koo kaam parr rakhaa. clunic bhikshuon ney lagbhag nirantar prarthana key liye khud koo samarpit curr diyaa, iss prakaar apani sthiti koo ack peshe mein unnat kiya. mitavyayi jeevan key mathvaadi aadarsh key bavjood, cluney abby ney mathh key logon mein upayog key liye keemati ratnon seey baney thhos chaandi aur soney key bartanon kii mombattiyaan lagaane kaa kaam shuru kiya. shorba aur daliya key paaramparik kiraaye taka seemit rahane key bajaay, bhikshuon ney bahut achchha khaaya, bhuni hui murgiyon (taba france mein ack vilasita), apane daakh kii bariyon seey sharaab aur apane karmchaariyon dwara banaai gaee cheezon kaa anand liya. bhikshuon ney saamoohik roop seey linnon kii behtareen dhaarmik aadton aur resham key vastra pahane. cluney abby kii sampatti kaa udaaharan dene vaali kalaakritiyaan aaj peris mein musey dee cluney mein pradarshit kii jaati hain.
clunic prarthana.
haye bhagwan, jinaki kripa seey aapke sevak, ashleel key pavitra mathadhish, aapke prem kii aag seey prajwalit, aapke church mein jalate aur chamakate prakaash bunn gaeh daan karein kii humm bhee prem aur anushasana kii aatma seey prajwalit hoe sakate hain, aur hamesha prakaash key bachchon key roop mein aapke saamane chala sakate hain; hamaare prabhu yeeshu masih key madhyam seey, joe aapke saath, pavitra aatma kii ekataa mein, ack bhagwan, abb aur hamesha key liye jeevit aur raaj karate hain.
samkaaleen bhaashah
haye bhagwan, jinaki kripa seey aapke sevak, aapke prem kii lau seey prajwalit, aapke church mein jalate aur chamakate prakaash bunn gaeh daan karein kii humm bhee prem aur anushasana kii aatma seey prajwalit hoe sakate hain, aur prakaash key bachchon key roop mein aapke saamane chala sakate hain; hamaare prabhu yeeshu masih key madhyam seey, joe aapke saath rahata haye aur shasson kartaa haye, pavitra aatma kii ekataa mein, ack bhagwan, abb aur hamesha key liye.
britten mein clunic house.
angreji aur scotish clunic gharon mein seey ack koo chhodkar sabhi koo, joe kakshon seey badey they, priory key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, joe cluney key prati unake adheenata kaa prateek thaa. paisale mein prayori apavaad thaa jise 1245 mein ack mathh kaa darja diyaa gayaa thaa joe kewal pope key liye jawabdeh thaa. cluney kaa prabhaav 11veen shatabdi mein british dweepon mein fail gayaa, pahale lev mein aur phir kaheen aur. unake adesh kaa pramukh cluney mein mathadhish thaa. sabhi angreji aur scotish cluniaux koo paramarsh karane yaa paramarsh lene key liye france jaane key liye baadhya kiya gayaa thaa, jaba taka kii mathadhish ney britten aaney kaa vikalp naheen chunaa, joe 13veen shatabdi mein paanch baar aur 14veen mein kewal dou baar huaa thaa.
kalaayen.
ashlilata mein, kendriya gatividhi pooja thee; yeh vyaapak aur sunder roop seey prerak parivesh mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa, joe 11veen shatabdi kii vyaktigat roop seey mahsoos kii gaee dharmanishtha kii naee lahar koo darshaata haye. mathon kii madhyasthata koo anugrah kii sthiti praapt karane key liye apariharya maanaa jaataa thaa, aur aam shasakon ney cluney kii antaheen prarthanaon mein yaad kiye jaane key liye pratispardha kii; isane bhoomi mein daan aur laabhon koo prerit kiya jinhone anya kalaaon koo sambhav banaaya.
cluney mein teji seey badhate samudaay koo badey paimaane parr imaraton kii aavashyakta thee. cluney key udaharanon ney dasavin seey baarahavin shatabdi taka paschimi europe mein vastukala abhyaas koo gaharaai seey prabhaavit kiya. teen kramik churchon koo paaramparik roop seey cluney I, II aur III kahaa jaataa haye. cluney II, see. aeye. kaa nirmaan. 953 key vinashkari hangri key hamalon key baad shuru hui 955-981 ney bergandian churchon koo patthar seey dhakaa huaa honey kii pravritti kaa netritva kiya. 
cluney III.
1088 mein, semur key mathadhish hyug (1024-1109,1049 seey mathadhish) ney cluney mein teesare aur antim church kaa nirmaan shuru kiya, joe europe mein sabse badee church imarat banane vaali thee aur 16 veen shatabdi taka bunny rahee, jaba rome mein purapashan isai sent. peater key basilica koo vaastavik sent dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. peater kaa.
nirmaan abhiyaan kaa vittaposhan 1053 aur 1065 key beach ack sanyukt leone-jaati key shaasak leone key ferdinand pratham dwara sthaapit vaarshik "janganana" dwara kiya gayaa thaa. (alphonso vee ney ise 1077 mein phir seey sthaapit kiya, aur 1090 mein isaki pushti kii.) ferdinand ney raashi 1,000 sunhare "aurei" parr nirdhaarit kii, ack raashi joe alphonso vee ney 1090 mein doguni curr dee. yeh sabse badee vaarshiki thee joe raajaa yaa aam aadami seey praapt hui thee, aur ise kabhi bhee paar naheen kiya gayaa thaa. ingland key vaarshik anudan key heinry pratham 1131 seey soney key bajaay chaandi key 100 ankon mein seey, tulanaa mein cumm lugg rahey they. alphonsin janganana ney mathadhish hyug (jinaki 1109 mein mrityu hoe gaee) koo vishal teesare mathh church kaa nirmaan karane mein saksham banaaya. jaba aurei mein bhugtan baad mein samaapt hoe gayaa, tou clunic order koo ack vittiya sankat kaa saamana karna padaa jisane unhein melgil (1109-1125) aur peater dha venable (1122-1156) key pones key dauran apang curr diyaa. cluney koo daan kii gaee spanish sampatti ney spanish isaaiyon key uday kaa prachaar kiya, aur pahali baar madhya spen koo badee europeeya kaksha mein aakarshit kiya.
pustakalaya.
cluney pustakalaya france aur europe mein sabse ameer aur sabse mahatvapurna pustakalayon mein seey ack thaa. yeh kaee bahut hii moolyavaan pandulipiyon kaa bhandar thaa. 1562 key dhaarmik sanghrshon key dauran, huguenots ney mathh koo nasht curr diyaa, kaee pandulipiyon koo nasht yaa titar-bitar curr diyaa. joe bache they, unamen seey kuchh koo 1790 mein francisi kranti key dauran dangon kii bheed ney jalaa diyaa thaa. anya abhee bhee badbudar town holl mein rakhe gaye they.
francisi sarkaar ney aise khajaane koo sthanantarit karane key liye kaam kiya, jisamen way bhee shamil they joe niji haathon mein chaley gaye. way abb peris mein "bibliothech national dee france" dwara aayojit kiye jaate hain. british sangrahalaya mein cluney seey utpann honey vaale lagbhag saath yaa usase adhik charter hain.
cluney kaa prabhaav.
10veen aur 11veen shatabdi key khandit aur sthaaniyakrit europe mein, clunic network ney apane sudhaar prabhaav koo bahut door taka badhaaya. samanya aur episcopal hastakshep seey mukt, aur kewal pope shasson key liye jimmedaar (joe kamjori aur avyavastha kii sthiti mein thaa, pratidvandi popon key saath pratispardhi raeeson dwara samarthit thaa), cluney koo norman church koo punarjeevit karate hue dekhaa gayaa, fleery mein shaahi francisi mathh kaa punargathan kiya aur ingland mein sent dunston koo prerit kiya. anglo-norman earl villium dee warren "see" 1077 dwara sthaapit, sussex mein lev key honey taka koee aadhikarik angreji clunic priory naheen thee. ingland mein sabse achchi tarah seey sanrakshit clunic house casal ekad priory, norphoke aur wenlock priory, shropshire hain. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii ingland mein kewal teen clunic nanri theen, jinamen seey ack northumpton mein delapre abby thee.
heinry VII key shasankal taka, ingland mein sabhi clunic ghar french they, joe french priors dwara shaasit they aur seedhe cluney seey niyantrit they. angreji prathmiktaon koo swatantra mathon taka badhaane kaa heinry kaa kaary ack raajneetik ishara thaa, joe ingland kii navjat rashtriya chetna kaa ack chihn thaa.
praarambhik clunic pratishthanon ney ack avyavasthit duniya seey sharan kii peshkash kii thee, lekin 11veen shatabdi key anta taka, clunic dharmanishtha samaaj mein vyaapt hoe gaee. yeh vaha avadhi haye jisane europe key kendra mein antim isaikaran hassil kiya.
sushikshit aur sushikshit paadari apane gharon key sthaaniya shaahi aur kuleen sanrakshkon key saath utsukta seey kaam karate they, apane paadari mandal mein jimmedaar padon koo bharate they aur unhein bishap key liye niyukt kiya jaataa thaa. cluney ney church key sanrakshak aur samarthan key roop mein raajaa kii pooja karane kii pratha koo failaaya, aur badale mein 11 veen shatabdi key raajaon key aacharan aur unake aadhyatmik drishtikon mein badalaav aaya. ingland mein, edward dha confessor koo baad mein sant ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. germany mein, clunic aadarshon kaa pravesh salian rajvansh key heinry III key saath milkar kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone duke off aquitain kii ack betty seey shaadi kii thee. heinry koo laukik kshetra mein masih key pratinidhi key roop mein apani sanskaarik bhoomika kii bhavna seey prerit kiya gayaa thaa. unake paas german church key netritva key liye ack aadhyatmik aur bauddhik aadhar thaa, joe unake rishtedaar, pope leo Ix key pontificate mein samaapt huaa. aam netaaon key nae pavitra drishtikon ney kuleen hinsa parr ankush lagaane key liye ishwar andolan key sangharsh viram koo lagu karane mein saksham banaaya.
unake adesh key bheetar, cluney kaa mathadhish kissy bhee bhikshu koo kissy bhee ghar mein niyukt karane key liye swatantra thaa; unhone ack kendriya pradhikaran key chaaron or ack taral sanrachana banaai joe ingland aur france key shaahi shasakon aur mahaan swatantra duke kii naukarshahi kii ack visheshta banane vaali thee, jaise kii bargandi. cluney kaa atyadhik kendrikrit padanukram catholic paadari key liye ack prashikshan sthal thaah cluney key chaar bhikshu pope bunn gaeh gregory VII, shahari II, pascal II aur shahari V.
uchchatam kuleen mandaliyon seey liye gaye saksham aur shikshit mathadhishon kaa ack vyavasthit uttaradhikar, netritva cluney, aur cluney key pahale chhah mathadhishon koo sabhi koo sant ghoshit kiya gayaa thaah
odilo ney anya mathon mein sudhaar karna jaari rakhaa, lekin cluney key mathadhish key roop mein, unhone adesh key door-daraaj key priory parr bhee sakht niyantran kaa prayog kiya.
imaraton kaa patan aur vinash.
12veen shatabdi seey shuru hocker, cluney koo mukhya roop seey teesare mathh (cluney III) key nirmaan kii laagat key kaaran gambhir vittiya samasyaaen theen. garibon koo dee jaane vaali daan-seva seey bhee kharch mein vriddhi hui. jaise-jaise 12veen mein cysterian aur phir 13veen shatabdi mein bhikshu jaise anya dhaarmik adesh paschimi isai church key bheetar ubhare, pratiyogita ney dheere-dheere mathh kii sthiti aur prabhaav koo kamjor curr diyaa. isake alawa, mathh kii sampattiyon key kharaab prabandhan aur vaarshik curr yogya kotaa key apane hisse kaa bhugtan karane key liye isaki sahayak prathmiktaon kii anichha ney cluney key kull rajaswa koo cumm curr diyaa.
inn muddon key jawab mein, cluney ney apani sampattiyon key badale rinn jutaaye, lekin isase dhaarmik vyavastha parr rinn kaa bojh parh gayaa. madhya yug key anta mein, isaki prathmiktaon key saath sangharsh badh gayaa. yeh ghatata prabhaav catholic church key bheetar pope kii badhati shakti seey chhaaya huaa thaa. 14veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka, pope aksar cluney key mathadhishon key naam rakh rahey they.
haalaanki bhikshu-jinaki sankhya kabhi bhee 60 seey adhik naheen thee-iss avadhi key dauran saapeksh vilasita mein rahate they, 16 veen shatabdi key raajneetik aur dhaarmik yuddhon ney isai dharm mein mathh kii sthiti koo aur kamjor curr diyaa. udaaharan key liye 1516 mein bologna key samjhaute key saath, joe antone dupret dwara paryavekshit kiya gayaa thaa, france key raajaa francis pratham ney pope leo aiks seey cluney key mathadhish koo niyukt karane kii shakti praapt kii.
agale 250 varshon mein, mathh ney europeeya isai dharm key bheetar apani shakti yaa sthiti koo kabhi hassil naheen kiya. pracheen shasson" kii jyadatiyon key ack udaaharan key roop mein dekhaa jaane parr, mathon kii imaaraten aur adhikansh church francisi kranti mein nasht hoe gaye they. 1793 mein isake vyaapak pustakalaya aur abhilekhagar koo jalaa diyaa gayaa aur church koo lootane key liye chhod diyaa gayaa. mathh kii sampatti 1798 mein 2,140,000 frank mein bechi gaee thee. agale bees varshon mein mathh kii vishal divaaron koo patthar key liye khanan kiya gayaa thaa jiska upayog shahar key punarnirmaan mein kiya gayaa thaa.
haalaanki yeh rome key sent key puuraa honey taka isaijagat kaa sabse badaa church thaa. 17veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein peater basilica, mool imaraton key bahut cumm avashesh hain. kull milakar bache hue bhaag cluney III key mool farsh sthaan kaa lagbhag 10 pratishat hain. inmein dakshini khand aur isaki ghanti-meenar aur dou paschim saamane kii meenaron key nichale hisse shamil hain. 1928 mein, iss sthal kii khudai americi puraatatvavid keneth jey. dwara kii gaee thee. america kii madhyayugeen akadami key samarthan key saath connent. stambhon key khandahar aadhar poorv church aur mathh key aakar koo vyakt karate hain.
1901 seey yeh "ikole national superarior dee 'arts aitt mattiers" (ensum) kaa ack kendra rhaa haye, joe engineering kaa ack kuleen school haye.

