
hector herculis bell

hector herculis bell cb (1 disambar 1876-12 navambar 1964) ack australiyai thekedaar, nagar paarshad aur tramway prashaasak they. shuru mein ack yatra jeevan key baad, ghanti ney shaadi curr lii aur ack safal vyavasaayi bunn gayaa, baad mein richmond shahar parishad key liye ack paarshad key roop mein chunaa gayaa. bell koo 1919 mein melburn aur metropolitan tramways board (mmtb) key board mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1936 mein mmtb key dusare adhyaksh baney, ack pada joe unhone 1949 taka sambhala thaa. ghanti key tahat, mmtb ney shesh cable traum koo electric traum yaa bason mein badal diyaa, mmtb key bason key upayog koo badhaaya, aur majboot adhishesh lautaate hue traum pranali key aadhunikikaran kii disha mein kaam kiya. bell mukhya roop seey electric trams kaa samarthak thaa joe bason parr apane laabhon kii vakaalat kartaa thaa. apane karyakal key dauran way victorian vidhaan parishad kii ack seat key liye daude, aur kabhi-kabhi una parr anaitik vyavhaar kaa aarop lagaaya jaataa thaa.
praarambhik jeevan.
hector herculis bell kaa janm 1 disambar 1876 koo ack railway karmchari frank richbaro herbert bell aur emily (nee roberts) key ghar richmond, victoria (melburn key ack aantarik upnagar) mein huaa thaa. vaha parivaar kaa satwan bachcha thaa, aur 14 saal kii umr mein graameen victoria mein teen saal yatra karane key liye ghar seey bhaag gayaa. isake baad bell ack lohar banane key liye melburn laut aaya aur emma watson (d.1945) seey milaa, jinase usane 1895 mein shaadi kii.
shaadi key baad, vaha aur emma paschimi australia key parth chaley gaye, jahan bell ack nirmaan thekedaar bunn gayaa, joe huns nadee parr coseway sahit vibhinn pariyojanaon parr kaam curr rhaa thaa. dou saal key baad way richmond laut aae jahan ghanti ack mishthaann banaane vaale, lakadi key vyaapaari aur thekedaar key roop mein kaam karati thee. bell koo 1911 mein richmond city council (1994 mein yarra shahar mein vilay) key liye ack paarshad key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa, aur 26 varshon taka usa kshamata mein seva kii. parishad key shram gutt key sadasya key roop mein, way nagrik muddon mein shamil hoe gaye, aur lock nirmaan samiti key adhyaksh bunn gaye. apane paarshad key dauran way 1913 mein melburn aur metropolitan board off works mein richmond key pratinidhi baney, aur 1915 mein navgathit hothorn tramway trust. ack paarshad key roop mein apane currier key saath sangeet mein unhone apana anubandh vyavasaay jaari rakhaa, aur iss udyam aur usake saath aaney vaali sampatti kii safalata key kaaran, 1924 mein way, emma aur unake teen bachche hothorn chaley gaye.
parishad parr unake karyakal key dauran ghanti laber party key sahee gutt key saath sanrekhit hoe gaee, aur johnn vrain seey parichit hoe gaee. raine key saath apane judaav key madhyam seey, bell ney melburn key paschim mein bhoomi parr atkalen lagaana shuru curr diyaa. vaha chunavi aniyamitataon key aaropon sahit bhrasht vyavhaar mein bhee funce gaye, aur 1925 mein parishad kii sunavaai key adheen they, jahan una parr nau apraadhon kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa, sabhi koo parishad key maton dwara palat diyaa gayaa thaa.
1928 mein bell melburn dakshin praant key matdaataon key liye chunaav ladane vaali victoria kii sansad kii vidhaan parishad mein ack seat key liye daud lagaa. aprail 1928 mein tatkalin shram pradhaan admond hogan ney unakaa samarthan kiya thaa, lekin 2 juuna 1928 kaa chunaav rashtravadi norman fraser falkiner key haathon haar gaye. halanki kissy bhee anya ummidwar kii tulanaa mein 3,438 pahali vareeyata key vote praapt karane parr, vareeyataaen bhaari matra mein asafal hoe gaeen kyonki chunaav mein laber party aur chaar rashtravadi ummidvaaron kaa pratinidhitva karate hue ghanti bajaai gaee thee. vareeyataon key baad falkinner ney 7,360 seey bell key 3,964 jeete aur 5 juuna 1928 koo nirvaachit ghoshit kiya gayaa. bell ney sent kilda town holl mein falkinner kii ghoshana mein kahaa, jisamen aarop lagaaya gayaa kii rashtravadiyon ney seat key liye 10,000 pound kharch kiye they, ack aisee raashi jiska vaha milan naheen curr sakate they, unhone kahaa kii vaha "iss seat koo khareedane kaa kharch naheen uthaa sakate they. unhone matdan soochi mein aniyamitataon kaa bhee aarop lagaaya, jisamen unhone daavaa kiya kii mritak vyakti shamil hain aur kaee garibon koo soochi seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. falkiner kii mrityu maee 1929 mein landan mein hui, jisase vidhaan parishad kii riktata paida hoe gaee, lekin juuna 1929 kii shuruat mein chunaav seey vaapas leey liya gayaa. chunaav baad mein rashtravadi ummidwar harrold kohain dwara jeetaa gayaa thaa.
melburn aur metropolitan tramway board.
bell koo 1919 mein melburn aur metropolitan tramways board (mmtb) board mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, sthaapana key samay, aur julaai 1935 mein upa-adhyaksh bunn gayaa. disambar 1935 mein bell koo achaanak mmtb key nae adhyaksh key roop mein ghoshit kiya gayaa, ack nirnay cameraman mein alekjendar cameron key baad ack samachar patra mein padhkar pataa chalaa. bell kaa karyakal 1 janwari 1936 koo shuru huaa, joe mmtb key dusare adhyaksh baney aur unhein apane poore karyakal key dauran 1,750 pound kaa vetan diyaa gayaa, joe 1949 taka chalaa.
aim. aim. tii. bee. bell key adhyaksh key roop mein cable traum key roopaantaran koo phir seey shuru kiya, poori raat aur ravivaar subah traum (dhaarmik samudaay key gusse mein) kii shuruat kii, aur lagaatar adhishesh vaapas curr diyaa. aim. aim. tii. bee. ney 1936 seey 1942 taka adhishesh mein saal-darr-saal vriddhi darj kii (yuddh-samay kii arthavyavastha seey utsaahit), halanki kahaa kii adhishesh koo melburn aur metropolitan tramway adhiniyam key anusaar parishadon mein punarvitarit kiya gayaa thaa. bell key yug ney aadhunik lakjari aiss. doubleu. 6-shreni key trams kii shuruat kii, jisase yaatriyon kii suvidha mein vriddhi hui aur 1938 mein sanyukt raajya america mein ack tathya-khoj mission key baad, ack prototype pee. see. see. traum. ghanti key tahat, aim. aim. tii. bee. ney mailborne mein pee. see. see. trams koo pesh karane kii sambhavana kii jaanch kii, halanki kewal ack, prototype traum 980, kabhi banaaya gayaa thaa. sanyukt raajya america mein ghanti kii yatra key parinamswarup bhee aim. aim. tii. bee. mein bason key liye ack badee bhoomika thee, jisamen kuchh cable traum maargon koo deejal buss mein parivartit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki yeh maarg poori tarah seey safal naheen thaa, kyonki 1940 mein bund kiye gaye aur antim cable traum maargon vaale borke street cable traum maargon koo bhaari bhaar kaa saamana karane mein asamarth bason kaa saamana karna padaa; buss mein unakaa roopaantaran asafal maanaa gayaa aur 1943 mein borke street key liye electric traum koo phir seey shuru karane kaa nirnay liya gayaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, ghanti ney yuddh key prayaas key liye mmtb kii preston karyashalaon kii sevaaon kii peshkash kii, 1940 mein senaa key liye ack tank banaane kii peshkash kii.
rajkoshiya roodhivaad kii ghanti ney naa kewal adhishesh koo vaapas kiya, balki navachar mein bhee mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. kaee atirikt ekal truck trams koo naee shuru kii gaee poori raat kii sevaaon key liye ack vyakti key sanchaalan mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, naa kii 1936-37 key dauran samaapt kiya gayaa thaa. vaastav mein, ack dashak seey adhik seva jeevan shesh ghanti key saath parisampattiyon kaa punah upayog karane kii ichcha thee. bell key prabandhan mein bhee mmtb dwara deya rinn mein kamee dekhi gaee, jisamen unaki sevaanivritti seey pahale 1949 mein badey paimaane parr bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa.
communists key khilaf ghanti key sakht rukh key kaaran sangh key saath jhadapen huin. aisee hii ack ghatana 1948 mein hui thee, jaba unhone australiyai tramway aur motor omnibus karmchari sangh key victorian raajya sachiv, clarry oshia parr "hamesha hamaare sir parr ack pistaul rakhane" kaa aarop lagaaya thaa. unakaa yeh bhee maanana thaa kii kaaryasthal kaa ack chauthai hissa saamyavaadi thaa, aur unhone anya 75 pratishat koo apani ichcha key khilaf audyogik karyon koo jaari rakhane key liye majboor kiya. 1948 mein unhone kahaa, "aggar merey paas raasta hotaa, tou main cull subah tramway seva mein harr communist koo barkhast curr detaa. haalaanki, unake uttaradhikari, robbert risson kii tulanaa mein, unhein sangh key adhikaariyon dwara kuchh hudd taka pyaar seey yaad kiya gayaa thaa. vaastav mein, 1954 mein sangh ney bason key ack vyakti key sanchaalan key baare mein ack audyogik vivaad mein madhyasth key roop mein kaam karane key liye ghanti kii ichcha vyakt kii.
march 1949 mein, taba 72 varsh kii ayu mein, bell ney ghoshana kii kii vaha aim. aim. tii. bee. key adhyaksh key roop mein sevaanivritt honge. shuru mein adhyaksh key roop mein baney rahane key liye bell koo kahane parr vichaar karane key baad, ack raajya sarkaar kii samiti ney aprail 1949 mein avedanon kii jaanch shuru kii, aur juuna 1949 mein rison koo aaney vaale aim. aim. tii. bee. adhyaksh key roop mein ghoshit kiya. bell ney sitambar 1949 mein apani antim baithak kii adhyakshata kii, jisamen 1 octuber koo rison unake uttaradhikari baney. unhein aim. aim. tii. bee. seey karmchari key khel sangh seey upahaar aur raajya sarkaar seey 2,500 pound kaa upadaan diyaa gayaa thaa.
adhyaksh key roop mein bell key poore karyakal key dauran way bason key khilaf traum key rakshak they. bell ney ghoshana kii kii 1936 mein traum bason seey behtar they, iss daave koo khariz karate hue kii trolleybus kii sthaapana laagat trams kii tulanaa mein chhathe sthaan parr thee, yeh kahate hue kii melburn trolleybus koo pesh karane mein landan key netritva kaa anusaran naheen karega. bell ney bason koo feeder sevaaon key sanchaalan key liye upayogi maanaa, lekin maanaa kii kewal electric traum hii badey shaharon mein saarvajanik parivahan pranali kii aavashyak kshamata pradaan curr sakate hain, saath hii badee football bheed koo sthanantarit karane mein electric traum kii twarit kshamata kaa bhee ullekh kiya. unhone baar-baar electric traum koo bason kii tulanaa mein surakshit ghoshit kiya, kii way melburn mein kaam karna jaari rakhenge, aur traum aur unake nirantar upayog kaa bachaav australiyai automobile association key sanghiya sachiv kii aalochana seey kiya. 1948 mein bell ney aim. aim. tii. bee. key nuksan key liye parichaalan rajaswa dwara cover naheen kii gaee bason kii chalane kii laagat koo doshi thaharaaya, yeh tark dete hue kii yadi yeh buss nuksan key liye naheen hotaa tou aim. aim. tii. bee. ney laabh vaapas curr diyaa hotaa.
haalaanki, ghanti ney naitik roop seey sandigdh vyavhaar jaari rakhaa, jisake baare mein kahaa jaataa haye kii isane unaki viraasat koo dhumil curr diyaa haye. unhone kuchh thekedaaron koo dusaron parr adhik anukool banaaya, jisamen takniki roop seey adhik unnat aeye. ee. see. parr leyland koo buss anubandh denaa shamil thaa. unake ghar parr saarvajanik kharch parr ack havaai-hamla aashray bhee banaaya gayaa thaa; board key sadasyon key liye ack sammelan kaksh honey key roop mein uchit. unhone 1944 mein bell junier kii niyukti karate hue apane bete key currier koo aage badhaane key liye bhee apani sthiti kaa upayog kiya. sthaayi-maarg engineer key roop mein, bell junier key saath. aim. aim. tii. bee. key mukhya abhiyanta key varishth pada parr teji seey badh rhaa haye. bell junier. inn padon key liye ayogya thaa, aur 1951 key anta mein mukhya abhiyanta key roop mein pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
baad mein jeevan.
mmtb ghanti seey sevaanivritti key baad janwari 1950 mein saarvajanik parivahan key kshetra mein unake kaam key liye british samrajya (cbe) key sabse utkrisht crum kaa commander banaaya gayaa thaa. 12 navambar 1964 koo hothorn mein bell kii mrityu hoe gaee aur usey barondara general kabristan, kyu mein dafnaya gayaa. unake teen baccheh dou betiyaan aur ack betaa unake uttaradhikari baney. realty mein 21,080 pound kii bell kii sampatti aur 22,809 pound kii vyaktigat sampatti unake bachchon key liye ack parivarik trust mein pravesh curr gaee.

