
laal aatank (ethiopia)

kii shibir yaa key shibir (), jise ethiopian redd terror key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, 1976 seey 1978 taka ethiopia aur vartamaan eritria mein anya pratispardhi markswadi-leninist samoohon key khilaf durg kaa ack hinsak raajneetik daman abhiyaan thaa. kii shibir 1974 mein samrat haile selasi koo ukhaad fenkane aur baad mein ethiopian grihyuddh key baad raajneetik asthirta key dauran durg shasson koo majboot karane kaa ack prayaas thaa. kii shibir russie grihyuddh key laal aatank parr adharit thaa, aur sabse adhik spasht roop seey 3 farwari 1977 koo mengistu haile mariam key durg key adhyaksh banane key baad huaa thaa. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii kii shibir key dauran 10,000 seey 980,000 loga maare gaye they.
2007 aur 2008 mein, mengistu koo durg key netaa key roop mein kii shibir mein unaki bhoomika key liye ethiopia dwara "anupasthiti mein" doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa.
itihas.
prishthabhoomi.
12 sitambar 1974 koo samrat haile selasi key padchyut honey key baad, durg koo kaee nagrik samoohon kaa saamana karna padaa joe ethiopia key niyantran key liye pratispardha curr rahey they, vishesh roop seey ethiopian peepuls revolutionary party (ee. pee. aar. pee.). sitambar 1976 mein, ee. pee. aar. pee. aatankvaadiyon koo giraftar kiya gayaa aur usee samay maar diyaa gayaa jaba ee. pee. aar. pee. ney vicharakon aur durg key samarthakon key khilaf hatyaa abhiyaan chalaaya. iss gatividhi koo shwet aatank key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. haalaanki 23 sitambar koo mengistu koo maarne key asafal prayaas kaa shreya ee. pee. aar. pee. koo diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin ee. pee. aar. pee. kii aatankvaadi yaa vidroh gatividhi kaa pahala pramukh shikaar dow. fekre maard, raajneetik beuro aur aul-ethiopia socialist movement (messon) key sadasya, ack pratidvandi krantikari party.
haalaanki, durg tatkalin asthaayi adhyaksh curnell mengistu aur unake khilaf gathbandhan karane vaale ack gutt key beach vibhajit thaa, jisane unakaa niyantran seemit curr diyaa thaa. iss pratidvandvita koo 3 farwari 1977 koo durg kii sthaayi samiti kii baithak mein hull kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen ack ghante kii golibari mein 58 sheersh durg adhikaari maare gaye they. inmein seey saat adhikaari mengistu key virodhi they, jinamen adhyaksh aur leftinent general tafari benti, kaptan almayahu haile, kaptan mogas volde michael aur leftinent general leftinent general mangistu shamil they. curnell asraat desta, baad vaalaa ack spasht markswadi-leninist thaa. mengistu ney kahaa, "humm vahee curr rahey hain joe lenin ney kiya thaa. aap laal aatank key binaa samaajvaad kaa nirmaan naheen curr sakate."mengistu key dou pratidvandi abhee bhee jeevit theh curnell berhanu bayah aur leftinent. curnell atnafu abet. cole. berhanu ney mengistu aur ell. tii. kaa paksh liya thaa. curnell atnafu ney jaldi seey raktapaat key vijeta kaa paksh liya, aur mengistu koo durg key nirvivaad pramukh aur ethiopia key shaasak key roop mein chhod diyaa. kuchh dinon baad, mengistu ney durg key baahar apane pratidvandiyon kii or apana dhyaan kendrit kiya, sabse mahatvapurna ee. pee. aar. pee. thaa.
ee. pee. aar. pee. parr hamale.
mengistu ney aadhikarik taur parr apane abhiyaan kii shuruat adis ababa key dill mein kranti chauk (poorv aur vartamaan mein mescale chauk) mein ack bhaashan key saath kii, jisamen "prati-krantikariyon key liye mrityu!" shabd shamil they. mrityu seey ee. pee. aar. pee.!". jaba unhone yeye shabd kahey, tou unhone khoon kii teen botalen banaain aur unhein jameen parr toda diyaa taaki yeh dikhaaya jaa sakey kii kranti apane dushmanon key liye kyaa karegi. iss abhiyaan mein nagrikon key sangathit samooh yaa "cabels" shamil they, joe ack maheene key samay key bheetar durg seey hathiyar praapt karane lagey. "apekshaon key vipareet", shodhkarta marina ottave aur phir washington key post samvaadaata david ottave ney apane khaate mein likhaa, "inn daston ney" durg "kaa paksh naheen liya yaa 'pratikriyaavaadi' aur 'arajaktawadi' koo track karane key liye isake ahwan parr dhyaan naheen diyaa. balki, kaee logon ney apani khud kii sanak aur kaanoon kaa paalan kiya, raajneetik gutt key anusaar joe pratyek "kebele" yaa karkhane koo niyantrit kartaa thaa. naa kewal kaee raksha daston koo ee. pee. aar. pee. dwara ghuspaith karaai gaee thee, balki raajneetik beuro dwara niyantrit loga bhee aksar "durg" key bajaay meason key hiton koo aage badhaane parr tule hue they."
22 march 1977 koo shuru hui khoj key liye ottoways ney adees ababa mein laal aatank kii oonchaai koo nirdhaarit kiya, jaba durg ney mahsoos kiya kii unake paas paryaapt nagrik samooh hain joe ee. pee. aar. pee. sadasyon, hathiyaron aur anya saamanon key liye ghar-darr-ghar khoj kii anumati dete hain. haalaanki, khoj kuchh bhee naheen thee, lekin vyavasthit thee, autway nott, jisamen "pratyek daste key liye ack kaanoon thaa. kuchh ney kewal hathiyaron kii talash kii, lekin anya ney khaadya aapoorti, nirmaan samagri aur gasoline jabt curr liya; kuchh ney camers koo jasusi upkaran maanaa aur anya ney typewriter koo atyadhik khatarnak maanaa."kaee logon koo aadhi raat koo apane gharon seey leey jaane key bavjood, kuchh kabhi ghar naheen laute, ee. pee. aar. pee. key kuchh sheersh netaa mritakon mein shamil they.
isake baad kaee spasht roop seey badtameez ghatanaaen huin. ack berhanena selam printing press mein thaa, jahan teen dinn baad ack darjan shramikon koo ee. pee. aar. pee. sadasya honey key kaaran giraftar kiya gayaa, phir sabooton key abhaav mein riha curr diyaa gayaa; 26 march kii subah, unamen seey nau kii hatyaa kii gaee, jisamen garbhavastha key unnat charan mein ack mahila bhee shamil thee, jisane shahar koo chaunka diyaa. mauton koo ack nishchit girma kebede kii jimmedaari paaya gayaa, aur jise baad mein "raajneetik beuro kaa mukhya nishpaadak paaya gayaa; usane pahale hii chaubis vyaktiyon kii hatyaa curr dee thee aur usake paas dou sou seey adhik anya logon kii soochi thee jinhen usey samaapt karna thaa."sharminda hocker, durg ney usey aur paanch sahyogiyon koo 2 aprail koo prati-krantikari key roop mein maar daala.
iss krurta key bavjood, ee. pee. aar. pee. ney jitna hoe sakey utanaa achchha pradarshan karna jaari rakhaa. jaisa kii ack samkaaleen report mein varnan kiya gayaa haih
iss tarah kii ghatnaaon ney durg junta (aur sambhavatah mengistu) aur nagrik raajneetik beuro key beach tanaav paida curr diyaa. ee. pee. aar. pee. key khatare parr chinta ney iss tanaav koo maee kii poorv sandhya taka ack nishchit viram banane seey roque diyaa, jaba raajneetik beuro ney iss bahaane seey kii ack sarkaar virodhi virodh pradarshan chala rhaa thaa, "cabels" koo kissy bhee yuva vyakti koo giraftar karane kaa adesh diyaa kii vaha ee. pee. aar. pee. sadasya honey kaa sandeh curr rhaa haye. otave key anusaar, "saikadon logon koo giraftar kiya gayaa, adees ababa key baahari ilaake mein teen alag-alag sthaanon parr leey jaaya gayaa, aur saamoohik roop seey fansi dee gaee. durg key 'sthaayi sachivon' dwara sadakon parr kaee anya logon koo goli maar dee gaee, machineganon key saath lagey jeep lagaatar adees ababa kii sadakon parr gasht curr rahey they. marane vaalon kii sankhya ack hazaar taka hoe sakati haye."baad mein, durg ney iss akrosh koo aswikar curr diyaa aur 14 julaai koo ack ghoshana mein raajneetik beuro parr vadh kaa aarop lagaaya. beuro key netaa haile fida aur unake anuyaayiyon key ack samooh ney agale agast mein rajdhani seey bhaagne kaa prayaas kiya, lekin way pakade gaye.
usee samay, laal aatank ney mujhe apana agala lakshya banaa liya. "khatare koo mahsoos karate hue", baharu zevade likhate hain, "sangathan key netaaon ney jaldbaji mein bhoomigat honey kii koshish kii. lekin unamen seey lagbhag sabhi koo yaa tou agast 1977 mein pakad liya gayaa yaa maar diyaa gayaa kyonki unhone kaee tukadiyon mein graameen ilaakon mein peechhe hatane kii koshish kii."
agale dou varshon mein hajaaron purushon aur mahilaaon koo gher liya gayaa aur unhein maar diyaa gayaa. aam maafi antarrashtriya anuman haye kii marane vaalon kii sankhya 500,000 taka hoe sakati haye. logon key samoohon koo churchon mein daal diyaa gayaa thaa jinhen taba jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur mahilaaon koo sainikon dwara vyavasthit balatkar kaa shikaar banaaya gayaa thaa. sev dha childran fund ney bataaya kii laal aatank key peediton mein naa kewal vayask balki 1,000 yaa usase adhik bachche shamil they, jinamen seey jyaadaatar gyaarah seey terah varsh kii ayu key they, jinaki laashen adees ababa kii sadakon parr chhod dee gaee theen.
isake baad.
adees ababa mein "laal aatank" shahidon key smaarak sangrahalaya mein peediton key jeevan amar hain.
mengistu koo "anupasthiti mein" narsamhar kaa doshi paaya gayaa aur janwari 2007 mein usey jail mein aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee. zimbabwe mein, jahaan usey robbert mugabe key saath dosti key kaaran abhayaranya milaa thaa, ney kahaa kii vaha uska pratyarpan naheen karega. 26 maee 2008 koo, ethiopian supreme court ney mengistu koo "anupasthiti mein" maut kii sajaa sunai. mengistu key athaarah sahayogi, jinamen seey 16 ethiopian jailon mein hain, bhee maut kii sajaa key tahat hain. dou varishth shasson adhikaari 2008 seey adees ababa mein italvi dutawas mein rahate they jaba taka kii unaki maut kii sajaa koo cumm naheen curr diyaa gayaa aur unhein 2020 mein parol dee gaee. ack anya vyakti jise maee 2002 mein "anupasthiti mein" doshi paaya gayaa thaa, kelbesa nego koo kaee saal baad sanyukt raajya america mein apane nirvaasan seey aajivan karawas kii sajaa kaatane key liye vaapas curr diyaa gayaa thaa.

