
piyare montex

piyare benjamin montex (4 aprail 18751 julaai 1964) ack francisi (baad mein americi) chaalak they. violine aur vayala adhyayan key baad, aur ack dashak key liye ack vaadyayantra khilaadi aur saamyik sanchaalak key roop mein, unhein 1907 mein niyamit roop seey sanchaalan karyakram praapt honey lagey. jaba 1911 aur 1914 key beach sergei diaghilev kii baile russ company key liye, unhone stravinsky key "dha raait off spring" aur "petrushka", "dha nightingale", "ravel key" daphanis aitt clow ", aur debussy key" jakes "sahit anya pramukh karyon key vishva premiere kaa sanchaalan kiya, tou way pramukhta seey saamane aae. isake baad unhone aadhi sadee seey adhik samay taka duniya bhar mein vaadyavrind kaa nirdeshan kiya.
1917 seey 1919 taka montex newyork mein metropolitan opera mein francisi pradarshanon key pradarshan key pramukh sanchaalak they. unhone boston symphany orchestra (1919-24), amsterdam concertgabue orchestra (1924-34), orchestra symphonic dee peris (1929-38) aur saine francisco symphany (1936-52) kaa sanchaalan kiya. 1961 mein, 86 varsh kii ayu mein, unhone landan symphany orchestra key mukhya sanchaalak koo sweekaar kiya, ack pada joe unhone teen saal baad apani mrityu taka rakhaa. haalaanki way francisi pradarshanon key pradarshan key liye jaane jaate they, lekin unakaa mukhya pyaar german sangeetkaron kaa sangeet thaa, sabse badhkar brahm. unhein recording pasand naheen thee, yeh sahajata key saath asangat thaa, lekin phir bhee unhone kaafee sankhya mein record banaae.
montex koo ack shikshak key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. 1932 mein unhone peris mein ack kaksha shuru kii, jise unhone ack grishmakaaleen vidyalaya mein vikasit kiya jise baad mein france key dakshin mein less boxes mein unake grishmakaaleen ghar mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. 1942 mein sthaayi roop seey america jaane aur americi nagrikta lene key baad, unhone hancock, maine mein conductors aur orchestra sangeetkaron key liye ack school kii sthaapana kii. france aur america mein unake chhatron mein joe antarrashtriya prasiddhi key liye gaye, unamen lorin majel, igor markwich, neville mariner, cg ojawa, aur previn aur david zinman they. montex kii mrityu key baad seey hancock mein school jaari haye.
jeevan aur currier.
praarambhik varsh.
piyare montex kaa janm peris mein huaa thaa, joe ack jootaa vikreta gustave ellie montex aur unaki patni clemens rebekka "nee" brisack key chhah bachchon mein seey teesara aur paanchvaan betaa thaa. montex parivaar sephardic yahoodiyon kaa vanshaj thaa joe france key dakshin mein buss gaye they. montex key poorvajon mein cumm seey cumm ack rabbi shamil thaa, lekin gustaway montex aur unakaa parivaar dhaarmik naheen thaa. montex key bhaaiyon mein heinry, joe ack abhineta baney, aur paul (1862-1928), joe paul montex-brisack key naam seey halke sangeet key sanchaalak baney. gustaav montex sangeetmay naheen they, lekin unaki patni conservatoir dee music dee marcille seey snaatak theen aur unhone piano kaa paath padhaaya. piyare ney chhah saal kii umr seey violine kaa paath liya.
jaba vaha nau saal key they, taba montex koo peris key sanrakshak mein bharti karaaya gayaa thaa. unhone jool garcin aur heinry bertellier key saath violine, charles lenepview key saath rachana aur albert lavignac key saath sadbhaav aur siddhant kaa adhyayan kiya. unake saathi violine chhatron mein george anescu, carle flesh, fritz cressler aur jack thibod shamil they. sanrakshak mein piano key chhatron mein alfred courtot they, jinake saath unaki aajivan dosti hoe gaee. baarah saal kii umr mein, montex ney peris aur usake aspas concerto key pradarshan mein cortot key saath jaane key liye roodhivaadi chhatron key ack chhote seey orchestra kaa ayojan aur sanchaalan kiya. unhone farwari 1889 mein seasure frank kii symphany key vishva premiere mein bhaag liya. 1889 seey 1892 taka, jaba way abhee bhee ack chhaatr they, unhone follies bergere key orchestra mein khela; baad mein unhone george gershwin seey kahaa kii unaki layabaddh bhavna vahaan lokpriya nritya sangeet bajaane key anubhav key dauran bunny thee.
pandrah saal kii umr mein, apani violine kii padhaai jaari rakhate hue, montex ney vayala koo apanaaya. unhone benjamin goddard key saath niji taur parr adhyayan kiya, jinake saath unhone sant-saine key septate key premiere mein keyboard parr sangeetkaar key saath pradarshan kiya. montex geloso chaukadi mein ullanghankarta key roop mein shamil hoe gaye; unhone unake saath kaee sangeet karyakram khele, jisamen piano mein sangeetkaar key saath phore kii doosari piano chaukadi kaa pradarshan bhee shamil thaa. ack anya avsar parr way vienna mein sangeetkaar key saamane diye gaye ack brahmin chaukadi key niji pradarshan mein ullanghankarta they. montex ney brahm kii tippani koo yaad kiya, "merey sangeet koo thheek seey bajaane key liye francisi loga lagate hain. sabhi german ise bahut adhik khelate hain."montex 1911 taka geloso chaukadi key sadasya baney rahey. johannes wolf aur joseph hollman key saath unhone shoke key liye kaksh sangeet bhee bajaaya. varshon baad, apane sattar key dashak mein, montex ney rehearsal yaa score key binaa buddepest chaukadi key saath pratiniyukt kiya; erich smith dwara poochha gayaa kii kyaa vaha satrah beethoven quartet key hisson koo likh sakate hain, unhone jawab diyaa, "aap jaanate hain, main unhein naheen bhool sakata."
1893 mein, jaba vaha athaarah varsh key they, montex ney ack saathi chhaatr, piyanovadak victoria barrier seey shaadi kii. unake saath unhone saarvajanik roop seey poorna beethoven violine sonata bajaaya. naa hii parivaar ney shaadi koo manjuri dee; haalaanki montex parivaar dhaarmik naheen thaa, way aur roman catholic barrier donon ack antar-dhaarmik vivaah key baare mein sandeh curr rahey they; isake alawa, donon parivaaron ney socha kii dampati shaadi karane key liye bahut chhote they. sangh seey ack betaa aur ack betty thee.
apane praarambhik varshon key dauran montex ack samooh seey sambandhit they, joe sangeetkaron key casseds parivaar aur piyanovadak alfredo casella key saath daura kartaa thaa. kathit roop seey pustakalayon mein casseds parivaar key kissy ack yaa anya dwara khoje gaye "pracheen tukade" key sanyojan koo khela gayaa; marrius casseds ney baad mein khulasa kiya kii unhone yaa unake bhaai heinry ney sangeet likhaa thaa. ack chhaatr key roop mein, 1893 mein montex corn corn key pahale vayala kii kursi key liye pratiyogita mein safal rahey, jisake agale varsh way sahayak sanchaalak aur choyarmaster baney. isase unhein orchestra key sansthaapak, edward collon key madhyam seey, berlin key liye ack link milaa. collon koo berlios kaa pataa thaa, aur puraane conductor montex key madhyam seey sangeetkaar key iradon key aadhar parr apane score koo notes key saath chihnit karane mein saksham thaa. vaha opera-comic mein ack swatantra aadhar parr bhee kaaryarat they, jahan unhone kaee varshon taka samay-samay parr khelna jaari rakhaa; unhone 1902 mein andrey messager key batton key tahat "pelles aitt melissande" key premiere mein viola section kaa netritva kiya. 1896 mein unhone thiboud key saath violine key liye pratham puraskar saajha karate hue sanrakshak seey snaatak kiya.
pahale pada kaa sanchaalan karna.
montex kaa pahala hyee-profile sanchaalan anubhav 1895 mein aaya, jaba vaha mushkil seey 20 saal key they. way sant-saine key ortorio "laa lyre aitt laa harpe" key pradarshan key liye lagey orchestra key sadasya they, jise sangeetkaar dwara sanchaalit kiya jaanaa thaa. antim samay mein sant-saine ney khilaadi koo mahatvapurna aur kathin anga bhaag key liye aparyaapt honey key liye niyukt kiya aur ack prasiddh gunee organist key roop mein, ise khud khelane kaa faisala kiya. unhone orchestra seey poochha kii kyaa unamen seey koee bhee sanchaalak key roop mein kaam curr sakata haye; vahaan "haan-montex!" kaa ack corus thaa.". bahut ghabarahat key saath, montex ney sangeet-rachana aur ekal kalakaron kaa sanchaalan kiya, jisamen sangeetkaar bhee shamil they, sangeet koo dekhaa-padhaa aur unhein safalata millie.
montex kaa sangeet currier 1896 mein baadhit hoe gayaa thaa, jaba unhein sainya seva key liye bulaaya gayaa thaa. france key "grandes ecoles" mein seey ack, conservatoir key snaatak key roop mein, unhein aam taur parr aavashyak teen varshon key bajaay kewal duss maheene kii seva karane kii aavashyakta thee. baad mein unhone khud koo "sabse dayaniya roop seey aparyaapt sanic key roop mein varnit kiya joe 132 veen paidal senaa ney kabhi dekhaa thaa. unhein apani maan seey naa kewal unaki sangeet pratibha viraasat mein millie thee, balki unaki laghu aur sunder rachana aur way sanic key liye shaaririk roop seey anupayukt they.
chhutti key baad peris lautate hue, montex ney ack ullanghankarta key roop mein apana currier phir seey shuru kiya. hains richter ney unhein beyuth utsav orchestra mein viola kaa netritva karane key liye aamantrit kiya, lekin montex peris mein apana niyamit kaam chhodane kaa jokhim naheen uthaa sakey. disambar 1900 mein montex ney berlin key "herold inn itali" mein ekal viola bhaag khela, joe usa samay peris mein shayed hii kabhi sunaa gayaa thaa, jisamen felix mottle dwara aayojit collon orchestra thaa. 1902 mein unhone diape casino mein ack junier sanchaalan pada hassil kiya, joe garmiyon key maheenon key liye ack mausami niyukti thee, joe unhein peris orchestra key pramukh sangeetkaron aur chhutti parr jaane-maane ekal kalakaron key sampark mein laaee. 1907 taka way opera aur orchestra sangeet karyakramon key prabhaari, diape mein pramukh sanchaalak they. ack orchestra conductor key roop mein unhone arther nikish kii takneek kaa model banaaya, jinake balle seey unhone khela thaa, aur joe unake aadarsh conductor they.
baile russ.
kuchh samay key liye, montex kii shaadi tanaav mein thee, joe unaki patni kii sangeet karyakram key dauron parr lagaatar anupasthiti seey badh gaee thee. 1909 mein dampati kaa talaak hoe gayaa; montex ney agale varsh apane poorv shishyon mein seey ack, germain benedictus seey shaadi kii.
montex ney shatabdi key pahale dashak key dauran collon sangeet samarohon mein khelna jaari rakhaa. 1910 mein collon kii mrityu hoe gaee aur gabriel piyarne dwara pramukh sanchaalak key roop mein unakaa uttaradhikari banaa. violoys kaa netritva karane key saath-saath, montex sahayak sanchaalak they, joe praarambhik rehearsal kaa prabhaar lete they aur coral karyon key liye corus master key roop mein kaary karate they. 1910 mein orchestra koo sergei diaghilev kii baile company, baile russ dwara diye gaye peris season key liye khelane key liye lagaaya gayaa thaa. montex ney stravinsky key "dha firebird" key vishva premiere mein piyare key tahat khela. 1911 mein diaghilev ney stravinsky key "petrushka" key premiere kaa sanchaalan karane key liye nikolai cherepanin koo niyukt kiya. montex ney tcherepanin key aaney seey pahale praarambhik rehearsal kaa sanchaalan kiya; stravinsky itane prabhaavit hue kii unhone jore dekar kahaa kii montex premiere kaa sanchaalan karey.
"petrushka" ack triple bill kaa hissa thaa, joe sabhi montex dwara sanchaalit kiya gayaa thaa. anya dou tukade they "leey spector day laa rose" aur "skiehrazed", joe usee naam key rimsky-korskov key symphonic soot kaa ack baile roopaantaran thaa. inn teenon kritiyon koo fokin dwara nrityabaddh kiya gayaa thaa. baad key varshon mein montex ney baile key liye symphonic sangeet key viniyog koo aswikar curr diyaa, lekin unhone "skiehrazed" key liye ack apavaad banaaya, aur jaisa kii unake jeevanikaar johnn canarina ney dekhaa, usa star parr iss mamle parr unake vichaaron kaa bahut cumm vajan thaa. "petrushka" janata key saath aur sabse kattar roodhivaadi alochakon key saath ack safalata thee.
peris season key baad diaghilev ney 1911 key anta aur 1912 kii shuruat mein europe key daure key liye montex koo pramukh sanchaalak niyukt kiya. yeh landan mein shaahi opera house mein paanch saptah key season key saath shuru huaa. press notice nartakiyon parr kendrit they, jinamen enaa pavlova key saath-saath baile russ key niyamit sitaare bhee shamil they, lekin montex koo prashansa key kuchh shabd mille. "samay ney khilaadiyon seey praapt utkrisht sarvasammati parr tippani kii, isake alawa" "gati key parivartanon mein kabhi-kabhaar anishchitata" "key alawa."
landan mein apane season key baad company ney vienna, budapest, praag aur berlin mein pradarshan kiya. yeh daura kalaatmak aur aarthik roop seey safal rhaa, lekin yeh binaa kissy apriya ghatana key naheen thaa. sent pietersberg kii ack niyojit yatra koo radd karna padaa kyonki narodni dome theatre jall gayaa thaa, aur vienna mein philharmonic "petrushka" key score kii kathinaaiyon key liye asman thaa. prasiddh orchestra ney pahale pradarshan key liye rehearsal mein vidroh kiya, montex key liye khelane seey incar curr diyaa; kewal diaghilev dwara ack hastakshep ney rehearsal koo bahaal kiya, jisake anta taka montex kii sarahana kii gaee aur stravinsky koo ack ovation diyaa gayaa. daure key beach mein montex koo concert collon dwara sankshipt roop seey peris vaapas bulaaya gayaa thaa, jise unhein vaapas bulaane kaa anubandh adhikaar thaa, jise piyarne key liye pratiniyukt karane kaa adhikaar thaa; unake apane dipty, decire-emil ingelbrecht ney baile russ kaa asthaayi sangeet prabhaar liya.
maee 1912 mein diaghilev kii company peris laut aaee. montex season key dou utkrisht karyon key liye sanchaalak they, vaslav nizinsky kaa dibussy kaa baile sanskaran "prelude aeye ell 'aprus-middy dee' una phaune", sangeetkaar kii manjuri seey banaaya gayaa, aur fokin kaa "daphanis aitt clow" revell seey commission kiye gaye score key liye. montex ney baad mein yaad kiya kii "jaba humm" ll 'appress middy dee' una phaune "khelate they tou dibsey merey peechhe thaa kyonki vaha naheen chaahte they kii nritya key kaaran unake score mein kuchh bhee badala jaae. aur jaba humm ack forte mein aae, tou unhone kahaa, 'montex, joe kii ack forte haye, forate khelo. vaha kuchh bhee chamkana naheen chaahata thaa. aur vaha sub kuchh sahee samay parr chaahata thaa.
farwari aur march 1913 mein baile russ ney ack aur landan season prastut kiya. 1911 mein, sthaaniya orchestra beecham symphany orchestra mein lagaa huaa thaa. orchestra key sansthaapak, thomas beecham ney montex key saath sanchaalan saajha kiya. farwari key anta mein beecham koo "petrushka" kaa karyabhar sambhalana padaa jaba montex achaanak apani betty key janm parr apani patni key saath rahane key liye chaar dinon key liye peris chalaa gayaa.
"vasant kaa sanskar.
peris mein 1913 key baile russ season key dauran, montex ney dou aur premiere aayojit kiye. pahala "jakes" thaa, jisamen dibsey dwara sangeet aur nizinsky dwara nritya nirdeshan thaa. nritya nirdeshan pasand naheen aaya; montex ney ise "assign" socha, jabaki dibsey ney mahsoos kiya kii "nizinsky kii kroor aur berber nritya nirdeshan... itane saare kharpatwaron kii tarah merrie kharaab lay koo raund diyaa. doosara nayaa kaam stravinsky kaa "vasant kaa sanskar" thaa joe francisi sheershak "leey sacrey doo printemps" key tahat diyaa gayaa thaa. jaba stravinsky ney pahali baar piano mein score bajaaya tou montex ghabra gayaa thaah
apani praarambhik pratikriya key bavjood, montex ney stravinsky key saath kaam kiya, sangeetkaar koo orchestra santulan aur prabhaavon koo praapt karane mein madad karane key liye vyaavhaarik salah dee. unhone march seey maee 1913 taka score parr kaam kiya, aur theatre days champs-elysses key orchestra koo aparichit aur kathin sangeet montex key satrah rehearsal seey nipatane key liye praapt kiya, joe ack asamanya roop seey badee sankhya thee. score key prati montex kaa vaastavik ravaiya spasht naheen haye. apani budhaape mein unhone ack jeevanikaar seey kahaa, "mujhe taba" leey sacrey "pasand naheen thaa. taba seey maine ise pachas baar sanchaalit kiya haye. mujhe abb yeh pasand naheen haye."haalaanki, unhone 1963 mein apani patni koo bataaya kii" "sanskar" "abb pachas saal purana thaa, aur mujhe naheen lagata kii yeh bilkul bhee purana hoe gayaa haye. mujhe iss vasant mein "leey sacrey" kii pachaasvin varshgaanth aayojit karane mein khushi hui.
dress rehearsal, dibsey, ravel, anya sangeetkaron aur alochakon key saath, binaa kissy ghatana key paarit hoe gayaa. haalaanki, agali shaam premiere ney ack dange koo uksaayaa, jisamen kaam key baare mein jore seey maukhik durvyavahar, samarthakon seey jawabi-shore aur fistuff foot padey. montex ney dabaav daala, apane peechhe kii uthal-puthal kii parwah kiye binaa orchestra kaa sanchaalan jaari rakhaa. stravinsky ney likhaa, "munch kii tasveer kii tulanaa mein aaj merey dimag mein montex kii peeth kii chhavi adhik jeevant haye. vaha vahaan spasht roop seey abhedya aur magarmachcha kii tarah bey-hosh khadaa thaa. yeh abhee bhee merey liye avishvasaniya haye kii unhone vaastav mein orchestra koo anta taka laaya."ghatana key vyaapak press coverage ney montex koo" "adtis saal kii umr mein, vaastav mein ack prasiddh conductor banaa diyaa. company ney kuchh hafton baad apane landan satra key dauran "sanskar" prastut kiya. "times ney bataaya kii halanki pahale landan pradarshan mein" "ack shatrutapurna swaagat jaisa kuchh" "thaa, lekin season mein antim pradarshan" "virodh key sanket key saath praapt kiya gayaa thaa. 1913 key landan pradarshan seey pahale, montex ney diaghilev key adhikaar koo chunauti dete hue ghoshana kii kii vaha, impressario naheen, "vasant key sanskar" seey sambandhit mamalon mein sangeetkaar key pratinidhi they.
montex kaa maanana thaa kii kaam seey utpann adhikansh gussa sangeet key kaaran naheen thaa, balki nizinsky kii nritya nirdeshan key kaaran thaa, jise stravinsky ney "ghutane tekkar aur lambe baalon vaale lolitas key roop mein varnit kiya thaa. sangeetkaar key samjhaute key saath montex ney aprail 1914 mein peris mein ack sangeet karyakram prastut kiya. sant-saine, joe maujood they, ney stravinsky koo pagal ghoshit curr diyaa aur gusse mein reh gaye, lekin vaha lagbhag apane napsand mein akele they. anta mein stravinsky koo theatre seey kandhe seey unchaa kiya gayaa thaa, jise unhone "sabse sunder pradarshan joe maine" "sacker doo printemps" "key roop mein varnit kiya thaa. vaha pradarshan "sangeet karyakram montex" kii ack shrinkhala kaa hissa thaa, jise farwari aur aprail 1914 key beach prastut kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen montex ney swarmel aur sangeet karyakram key karyon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala mein theatre days champs-elise key orchestra kaa sanchaalan kiya, jisamen revell key "walls nobbles aitt centilase" key orchestra sanskaran kaa sangeet karyakram kaa premiere bhee shamil thaa. yuddh key prakop seey pahale unaki antim ullekhaniya sagaai stravinsky key opera "dha nightingale" key premiere key sanchaalak key roop mein palace garnier mein thee.
mulakat aur boston.
pratham vishva yuddh key prakop key baad montex koo phir seey senaa mein bharti kiya gayaa, 35 veen kshetriya resiment mein ack niji key roop mein seva karate hue, jisake saath unhone vardan, soyson aur argon mein khaai mein kaarravaai dekhi. baad mein unhone iss avadhi key adhikansh hisse koo "gandagi aur oob" key roop mein varnit kiya, halanki unhone apane saathi sainikon koo hataane key liye ack kharonch baind banaaya. sakriya seva parr sirf dou saal key baad unhein sainya kartavyon seey riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jaba diaghilev ney uttar americi daure parr baile russ kaa sanchaalan karane key liye francisi sarkaar parr doosara montex kaa adhikaar hassil curr liya thaa. yeh daura america aur kanada key pachas-chaar shaharon mein huaa. 1916 mein newyork mein montex ney nizinsky key nae baile "till eulenspiegeal" kaa sanchaalan karane seey incar curr diyaa kyonki sangeet ack german-richard strass dwara thaa-isaliye una pradarshanon key liye ack conductor koo lagaaya jaanaa thaa. daure key anta mein montex koo newyork mein metropolitan opera mein francisi pradarshanon key pradarshan kaa sanchaalan karane key liye teen saal key anubandh kii peshkash kii gaee thee, aur usey america mein rahane key liye francisi sarkaar kii anumati millie thee.
mett mein (jaisa kii metropolitan opera koo aam taur parr kahaa jaataa haye), montex ney "fost", "carmen" aur "samson aur delilah" jaise parichit francisi karyon kaa sanchaalan kiya, jisamen enrico caruso, geraldine farar, luis hommer aur jiyovanni martinelli sahit gaayak shamil they. unaki pahali upasthiti key baare mein, "dha newyork times" ney kahaa, "shree. montex kaushal aur adhikaar key saath sanchaalit kiya jaataa haye. unhone yeh spasht curr diyaa kii unhein sangeet aur vaadyavrind key niyantran kaa paryaapt gyaan thaa-ack spasht roop seey layabaddh taal, naatakiya moolyon kii bhavna."
montex ney rimsky-korskov key "dha golden cockrell" aur heinry rabod key "mrouf, sevatier doo kaire" key americi premiere kaa sanchaalan kiya. adolph bolm dwara ack nae utpaadan mein, aur abhineet, "petrushka" kaa americi premiere, "laa traviata" key saath ack asamanya opera-ballet double bill mein thaa. montex key pradarshan koo achchi pratikriya millie, lekin baad mein vaha ack atithi key roop mein iss samaroh mein vaapas aae, lekin opera unake currier mein bahut safal naheen huaa. unhone kahaa, "mujhe opera aayojit karna pasand haye. ekmatra samasya yeh haye kii mujhe opera house key vatavaran seey nafrat haye, jahaan kewal bahut baar sangeet hii kaee vichaaron mein seey sabse cumm haye, munch seey laker pramukh gayakon key swabhaav taka."naa hii vaha ack baile conductor key roop mein aage kii vyastataon key liye aakarshit hueh" yeh nrityon aur nartakon key saath fitt honey kii vishesh samasyaaen pradaan kartaa haye, jinamen seey adhikansh, mujhe khed haye, sangeet kii sarahana beat koo ginane kii kshamata taka seemit prateet hoti haye."phir bhee way kabhi-kabhi baile pradarshan karate they, aur yahaan taka kii apane sangeet karyakram mein bhee joe baile score unhone diaghilev key liye kiye they, unhone kahaa kii unake dimag mein hamesha nartakiyon kii nazar rahati thee.
1919 mein montex koo boston symphany orchestra kaa mukhya sanchaalak niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. orchestra kathin samay seey gujar rhaa thaa; isake sanchaalak carle muck koo 1917 mein german virodhi andolan key kaaran pada chhodane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa. surr heinry wood ney pada koo thukra diyaa, aur press kii atkalon key bavjood naa tou sergei ratchmaninoff aur naa hii arturo toscanini koo niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. german viraasat key cumm seey cumm chaubis khilaadiyon koo gandagi key saath majboor kiya gayaa thaa, aur vaadyayantra kaa manobal cumm thaa. montex dwara orchestra key nirankush sansthaapak aur malik, heinry lii higginson kii mrityu seey kuchh samay pahale. unhone sanghikaran kaa dridhata seey virodh kiya thaa, aur unaki mrityu key baad khilaadiyon key ack badey alpasankhyak ney sangh kii maanyata key liye sangharsh phir seey shuru kiya. dou mahatvapurna pracharyon sahit tees seey adhik khilaadiyon ney iss mamle parr istifa dey diyaa. montex ney orchestra key punarnirmaan key baare mein nirdhaarit kiya, sabhi prakaar kii sangeet prishthabhoomi key khilaadiyon kaa audition diyaa, jinamen seey kuchh ney pahale symphonic sangeet naheen bajaaya thaa. apane pahale season key anta taka unhone orchestra koo apane samanya poorak key karib vaapas laa diyaa thaa. unhone orchestra koo uchch maanak key liye prashikshit kiya; aalochak neville cardus key anusaar, montex kii sangeet-shally ney "boston symphany orchestra koo duniya mein sabse parishkrit aur sangeetmay banaa diyaa."
montex ney niyamit roop seey boston mein naee rachanaon kii shuruat kii, joe aksar americi, angreji aur francisi sangeetkaron dwara kaam karati hain. unhein boston mein apane varshon mein prastut naveentaon kii sankhya parr garv thaa, aur unhone khushi vyakt kii kii unake uttaradhikariyon ney abhyaas jaari rakhaa. jaba yeh ghoshana kii gaee kii 1924 key baad unake anubandh kaa navinikaran naheen kiya jaayega, tou way nirash they. aadhikarik spashteekaran yeh thaa kii orchestra kii neeti hamesha paanch saal seey adhik samay taka sanchaalak niyukt karane kii thee. yeh spasht naheen haye kii kyaa yeh vaastav mein kaaran thaa. ack sujhaav diyaa gayaa sambhavana yeh haye kii unake sthaan parr chune gaye conductor, sarge kausevitzki, koo adhik karishmai maanaa gayaa thaa, jisamen adhik boxes-offices appeal thee. ack aur baat yeh haye kii boston samaaj key praathamik sadasyon ney montex kii naitikta koo aswikar curr diyaah vaha aur unaki doosari patni dheere-dheere alag hoe gaye they aur 1924 taka way ack americi talakshuda dorris hozkins aur unake dou bachchon key saath reh rahey they. way 1928 taka shaadi karane mein asamarth they, jaba germain montex antatah talaak key liye sahmat hoe gaye.
amsterdam aur peris.
1924 mein, montex ney amsterdam key concertbue orchestra key saath duss saal kaa judaav shuru kiya, joe isake lambe samay taka seva karane vaale mukhya conductor willem mengelberg key saath "pahale conductor" ("erste dirigent") key roop mein kaary curr rhaa thaa. sangeet-nirmaan key prati apane drishtikon mein antar key bavjood donon sangeetkaar ack-dusare koo pasand aur sammaan karate theh montex ack sangeetkaar key score key prati apane paalan mein imandar they aur apane pradarshan mein seedhe they, jabaki mengelberg apane gunee, kabhi-kabhi jaanboojhkar, vyakhyaon aur score key prati apane ghudsavaar ravaiye key liye jaane jaate they (ack angreji khilaadi ney unhein uddhrit kiya). unaki pasandida pradarshan soochi kuchh classics mein ativyaapi thee, lekin mengelberg key paas baakh key "sent" seey unake apane pasandida they. mahler symphany key liye matway junoon, aur montex key liye dibsey aur stravinsky koo chhodane mein khush thaa. jahan unaki pasand ack saath hui, jaisa kii beethoven, brahm aur richard strass mein, mengelberg montex koo cumm seey cumm unakaa uchit hissa dene mein udaar they.
jabaki amsterdam montex mein kaee opera aayojit kiye gaye, jinamen "pelles aitt melissande" (iska dutch premiere), "carmen", "less contess dee 'hoffman", "assis aitt galletti" aur "ell' hayer aspagnol" kaa ack luli aur ravel double bill, gluck kaa "effigiony aine toride" (peris opera mein bhee laaya gayaa) aur verdy kaa "falstaff" shamil haye. toscani koo inmein seey antim kaa sanchaalan karane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin unhone pravartakon seey kahaa kii montex unake sabse pyaare sahayogi aur "falstaff" key liye sabse achche sanchaalak they.
sangeet karyakram key saath apane judaav key pahale aathh varshon key dauran, montex pratyek satra mein pachas seey saath sangeet karyakramon kaa ayojan kartaa thaa. orchestra key saath apane antim dou varshon mein anya conductors, vishesh roop seey ubharate hue yuva dutchman edward vaine beenam koo sangeet karyakram aavantit kiye gaye they joe pahale montex koo diye gaye hotey, joe 1934 mein amsterdam mein apane pada seey sauhaardpurna roop seey peechhe hutt gaye they. vaha kaee baar ack atithi conductor key roop mein laute.
concertbue orchestra key saath apane kaam key alawa, 1929 seey montex ney pichhale varsh sthaapit orchestra symphonic dee peris (osp) kaa sanchaalan kiya. 1920 key dashak mein peris mein orchestra drishya "dipty" pranali seey pratikool roop seey prabhaavit huaa thaa, jisake tahat kissy bhee anubandhit orchestra khilaadi koo rehearsal yaa yahaan taka kii ack sangeet karyakram mein ack dipty bhejane key liye, yadi ack behtar sagaai upalabdh hoe jaati haye, tou vaha swatantra thaa. europe aur america key adhikansh anya pramukh shaharon mein yeh pratha yaa tou kabhi maujood naheen thee yaa ise samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. opera orchestra key saath, chaar anya peris orchestra khilaadiyon key liye pratispardha curr rahey they. 1928 mein kalaa sanrakshak rajkumari dee polygnac ney fashion designer koko channel key saath milkar ack nae orchestra kaa prastaav rakhaa, joe apane khilaadiyon koo paraspar virodhi vyastataon seey bachaane key liye paryaapt bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa. vittiya samarthan key saath, unhone ausp koo ikattha karane key liye sangeetkaron-courtot, ernest ensermate aur luis forrestear-kii ack tikadi niyukt kii. agale varsh courtot ney montex koo orchestra key kalaatmak nirdeshak aur pramukh sanchaalak banane key liye aamantrit kiya. ensermate, isake praarambhik sangeet nirdeshak, ack conductor dwara pratisthaapit kiye jaane parr khush naheen they, jisake baare mein unhein kathit taur parr "ugra irshya" thee, lekin sangeetkaar darius milhoud ney tippani kii kii orchestra montex key liye kitna behtar khela "kyonki ensermate koo unake swiss charagahon mein vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa haye.
montex ney iss ausp koo sabse achche ausp mein seey ack maanaa jisake saath unhone kaam kiya thaa. unhone 1938 taka iska sanchaalan kiya, jisamen 1929 mein procofeave kii teesari symphany sahit kaee tukadon kaa premiere kiya gayaa. pahale varshon mein orchestra key udaar dhana ney paryaapt rehearsal aur saahasik karyakramon kii anumati dee, samkaaleen sangeet aur pahale key sangeetkaron key cumm gyaat karyon key saath-saath classic pradarshanon koo prastut kiya. apane pahale season mein montex ney ack aul-stravinsky sangeet karyakram kaa sanchaalan kiya, jisamen "firebird" kaa soot aur "petrushka" aur "vasant key sanskar" kaa puuraa pradarshan shamil thaa. orchestra ney 1930 aur 1931 mein europeeya daure kiye, neetherland aur germany mein utsaahi swaagat praapt kiya. berlin mein darshak "symphany fantastic" key anta taka apani taaliyon koo roque naheen sakey, aur montex key shabdon mein dheemi gati key baad "jangli hoe gayaa", "scane aux champs". unhone artur schnabel, surr heinry wood aur leopold stokovsky key vipareet sahaj taaliyon kii sweekriti dee, jinhone andolanon key beach taali bajaane key abhyaas koo samaapt karane key liye harr sambhav prayaas kiya.
1931 key baad ausp koo mahaan avasaad key prabhaavon kaa saamana karna padaa; isaki adhikansh nidhi samaapt hoe gaee, aur orchestra ney khud koo ack sahakaari mein sudhaar kiya, jisase usane cumm laabh arjit kiya. khilaadiyon koo kuchh atirikt kaam dene key liye montex ney 1932 mein kakshaon key sanchaalan kii ack shrinkhala shuru kii. 1936 seey unhone provence mein apane grishmakaaleen ghar mein kakshaaen aayojit keen, joe baad mein america mein sthaapit school kaa agradoot thaa.
saine francisco aur montex school.
montex ney pahali baar 1931 mein saine francisco symphony orchestra (aiss. aff. aiss. oh.) kaa sanchaalan kiya, aur 1935 mein 60 saal kii umr mein unhein mukhya sanchaalak key roop mein pesh kiya gayaa. unhein vyaktigat aur peshevar donon aadharon parr sweekaar karane key baare mein sandeh thaa. vaha ausp naheen chhodana chaahte they, unaki patni america key paschimi tata parr naheen rehna chaahati thee, aur orchestra mein itna cumm paisa thaa kii 1934 mein ise poore season koo radd karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa. adhikansh orchestra kii tarah sfso avasaad seey aarthik roop seey buri tarah prabhaavit huaa thaa, aur ise aur kathinaaee kaa saamana karna padaa kii isake kaee poorv khilaadiyon ney hollywood studio mein behtar vetan vaali naukariyon key liye chhod diyaa thaa. sangeetkaar sangh key iss aagrah seey kii kewal sthaaniya khilaadiyon kii bharti kii jaa sakati haye, yeh samasya aur badh gaee. phir bhee montex ney niyukti sweekaar curr lii. aiss. aff. aiss. oh. sangeet karyakram kaa satra varsh mein paanch maheene seey adhik naheen thaa, jisane unhein oh. aiss. pee. key saath kaam karna jaari rakhane mein saksham banaaya, aur unhein 13 navambar 1937 koo aine. bee. see. symphany orchestra key udghaatan sangeet karyakram kaa sanchaalan karane kii anumati dee. "dha newyork times" mein olin downus ney likhaa kii nayaa orchestra "bahut uchch shreni kaa" thaa aur prasaran sangeet karyakram ney apani shaktiyon kii oonchaai parr montex koo pradarshit kiya thaa."
"dha times" ney saine francisco mein montex key samay key baare mein kahaa kii iska "americi sangeet sanskriti parr akathaniya prabhaav padaa", aur unhein "apani kalaa kii apani samajh koo gahara karane key liye pahale seey hii paryaapt repertory kaa vistaar karane aur dheere-dheere, praakritik prakriyaon kaa avsar diyaa."montex ney lagaatar nae yaa haal key sangeet koo prograam kiya. unhone aam taur parr taal diyaa, jaisa kii unhone apane poore currier mein kiya, ekal yaa dharavahik karyon, lekin unake aadhunik karyon key chayan ney phir bhee saine francisco darshakon key roodhivaadi-vichaar vaale sadasyon seey kabhi-kabhaar shikaayaten aakarshit keen. montex key varshon key dauran aiss. aff. aiss. oh. key saath atithi chalakon mein johnn barbiroli, beacham, otto clamparer, stokovsky aur stravinsky they. ekal gayakon mein piyanovadak george gershwin, ratchmaninoff, arther rubinstein aur schnabel, vaayalinvaadak jasha heafetz, yehudi menuhin aur yuva isaq stern aur cursten flagstead aur alekjendar kipnis jaise gaayak shamil they.
unake lagbhag sabhi satrah saine francisco satron kaa samaapan beethoven kii nauvin symphany key saath huaa. montex key aiss. aff. aiss. oh. studio recording mukhya roop seey yuddh smaarak opera house (darshakon key binaa) key gufaaon mein dhwani mein banaai gaee thee, jisamen sangeet telephone taaron parr loss angils studio mein preshit kiya gayaa thaa aur vahaan film parr record kiya gayaa thaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key varshon taka america taka seemit rahane key kaaran 1942 mein montex ney americi nagrikta leey lii.
montex ney yuva chalakon kii madad karane mein apana kaam jaari rakhane kii ichcha vyakt keeh "sanchaalan paryaapt naheen haye. mujhe kuchh banaana haye. main sangeetkaar naheen huun, isaliye main achche yuva sangeetkaar banaaunga."1930 key dashak mein peris aur less boxes mein apani kakshaon key alawa unhone igor markwich koo niji paath diye they; baad mein niji chhatron mein andrey previn, seji ojawa, jose cerebier aur robert shau shamil they. previn ney unhein "sabse dayalu, buddhiman vyakti jise main yaad curr sakata huun, aur sanchaalan key baare mein kuchh bhee naheen thaa joe vaha naheen jaanata thaa."previn dwara aayojit ack pradarshan key baad, montex ney unase kahaa," kyaa aapako lagata haye kii orchestra achchha khel rhaa thaa? ... maine bhee kiya. agali baar unake saath hastakshep naa karein."previn ney kahaa kii vaha iss salah koo kabhi naheen bhoole. ack shikshak key roop mein montex kaa sabse prasiddh upakram conductors aur orchestra sangeetkaron key liye pier montex school thaa, joe 1943 seey harr garmiyon mein hancock, maine mein unake ghar parr aayojit kiya jaataa thaa. school key antarrashtriya star parr jaane jaane vaale poorv chhatron mein leone fleesher, erich kunjel, lorin majel, neville mariner, hyug wolf aur david zinman shamil hain. anya montex chhatron mein johnn canarina, jinaki 2003 kii jeevani angreji mein conductor kaa pahala poorna-lambai kaa adhyayan thaa, charles brook, peris mein montex key pahale chhatron mein seey ack, joe montex kii mrityu key baad hancock mein school key sangeet nideshak baney, aur emmanuel leplin shamil they.
montex kaee orchestra key saath atithi sanchaalak key roop mein dikhaai diye; unhone 1955 mein tippani kii, "mujhe khed haye kii unake paas duniya bhar mein symphany orchestra naheen hain taaki main barma aur samarkand dekh sakoon. boston symphany orchestra key saath unake uttaradhikari, sarge kauswitzki ney apane panchish varshon key prabhaari key dauran kaee atithi conductors koo aamantrit kiya; montex shayed, canarina key vichaar mein, kauswitzki kii irshya key kaaran, unamen seey kabhi naheen they. 1949 mein kausevitzki key baad charles munch ney padbhar sambhala, jinake shuruati currier koo 1933 mein orchestra symphonic dee peris kaa sanchaalan karane key liye montex key nimantran seey badhaava milaa thaa. 1951 key satra mein munch ney montex koo ack atithi sanchaalak key roop mein boston key liye aamantrit kiya thaa. alochakon aur janata dwara iss sagaai kaa utsaah key saath swaagat kiya gayaa thaa, aur munch ney agale varsh orchestra key pahale europeeya daure kaa netritva karane key liye montex koo aamantrit kiya. daure kaa uchch bindu sangeetkaar kii upasthiti mein, theatre days champs-ellyses mein "vasant key sanskar" key tahat ack pradarshan thaa. montex apani mrityu taka harr saal boston lautata thaa.
kuchh samay key liye montex koo lagaa kii usey aiss. aff. aiss. oh. chhod denaa chaahiye. unake paas dou mukhya kaaran theh unakaa maanana thaa kii ack sanchaalak koo ack pada parr bahut lambe samay taka naheen rehna chaahiye, aur way anya vaadyayantron key saath upasthit honey key liye adhik nimantran sweekaar karane key liye swatantra honah chaahte they. unhone 1952 key satra key anta mein aiss. aff. aiss. oh. seey istifa dey diyaa. vaha ack saal key bheetar yuddh smaarak opera house mein munch parr phir seey dikhaai diye, boston symphany orchestra key tata-seey-tata americi daure key saha-sanchaalak key roop mein, munch key nimantran parr. aiss. aff. aiss. oh. key lagbhag sabhi sadasya darshakon mein they, aur apane poorv pramukh koo diye gaye abhivaadan mein shamil hoe gaye.
chauntis varshon kii anupasthiti key baad, montex koo 1953 mein newyork mein metropolitan opera mein sanchaalan key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. opera chunaa gayaa thaa "fost", jise unhone 1917 mein ghar mein apani shuruat mein aayojit kiya thaa. production mein joe kuchh thaa jise canarina "ack taarakiya kalakar" kahata haye, jiska netritva juicy bjorling, victoria dee loss angels, nikola rossie-lemeni, lekin virgil thomson aur irving collodin sahit alochakon ney montex key sanchaalan key liye apani sarvocch prashansa aarakshit kii. 1953 aur 1956 key beach montex "pelles aitt melissande", "carmen", "mainan", "orpheo aid euridis", "dha tails off hoffman" aur "samson aitt dalila" key liye mett mein laut aae. usa samay milane vaale typecast conductors koo unaki rashtriyata key anusaar, aur ack francisi key roop mein, montex koo kissy bhee italvi opera kii peshkash naheen kii gaee thee. jaba 1956-57 season mein "laa traviata" key liye vyast honey kaa unakaa anurodh aswikar curr diyaa gayaa tou unhone ghar key saath apane sambandh toda diye.
landan.
1911 mein baile russ key saath landan kii apani pahali yatra key baad seey, montex kaa "landan aur british sangeetkaron key saath prem sambandh thaa. unhone 1924 mein covent garden mein ack orchestra sangeet karyakram mein navodit bbc key liye sanchaalan kiya thaa, jahan unhone bbc wireless orchestra kaa pahala saarvajanik pradarshan kiya thaa, aur 1920 aur 1930 key dashak mein raani key holl mein shaahi philharmonic society key liye. 1932 mein way una chaar sanchalakon mein seey ack they jinhone manchester mein holl orchestra key pramukh sanchaalak kii anupasthiti mein iska prabhaar sambhala thaa; anya teen vikalp surr edward elgar, beecham aur yuva barbiroli they. holl khilaadi montex seey bahut prabhaavit they, aur unhone kahaa kii unaki vaadyayantra takneek aur gyaan aasaani seey adhikansh anya conductors koo haraa dete hain. 1951 mein unhone nae shaahi utsav holl mein mosart, beethoven aur bartok key ack sangeet karyakram mein bee. bee. see. symphany orchestra kaa sanchaalan kiya, aur 1950 key dashak key baaki hisson key dauran landan orchestra key saath aage dikhaai diye. unhone britten key sakht sangrodh kaanoonon key liye aur adhik kaam kiya hoga, joe montex koo apane paltu french poodle koo unake saath laane seey rokta thaa; doris montex poodle key binaa yatra naheen karega, aur montex apani patni key binaa yatra naheen karega.
juuna 1958 mein montex ney teen sangeet samarohon mein landan symphany orchestra (ell. aiss. oh.) kaa sanchaalan kiya, jise orchestra key itihaaskaar richard maurison ney "khilaadiyon, press aur janata key saath ack sansani key roop mein varnit kiya."pahale sangeet karyakram mein elger kii" "anigma vividhataaen" "shamil theen, jisamen cardus ney montex koo aam taur parr angreji conductors kii tulanaa mein elger kii avadharana key prati adhik wafadar honey kaa faisala kiya. cardus ney kahaa, "'anigma' vividhataon key pradarshan key baad, badey darshakon ney kaee minaton key liye montex kii jaykar kii aur taali bajaai. yeh taaliyan, isake alawa, antaral seey thheek pahale foot padeen. angreji darshak ack niyam key roop mein ack antaral parr yaa usake dauran taaliyan bajaane mein samay barbad karane key liye ichchuk naheen hotey hainh unake paas aamtaur parr anya kaam hotey hain."montex koo british sangeet karyakram mein jaane vaale" "duniya mein sabse adhik dhyaan dene vaale" "aur british sangeet alochakon koo" "sabse buddhiman" "maanaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, landan orchestra key sanchaalan kaa ack nuksan utsav holl mein pradarshan karna thaa, jisamen seey unhein beecham aur anya conductors key saath ack teevra napsand saajha kii gaeeh "conductor key rostrum seey violine sunana asambhav haye.
montex key baad key landan pradarshan kewal ell. aiss. oh. key saath naheen they. 1960 mein unhone beethevan, dibsey aur hindemith key karyon mein "jadugar key karnamon" kaa pradarshan karate hue beecham key shaahi philharmonic orchestra kaa sanchaalan kiya. 1961 mein jaba way 86 varsh key they, taba unhone unhein pradhaan sanchaalak key pada kii peshkash kii; unhone iss shart parr sweekaar kiya kii unake paas navinikaran key vikalp key saath panchish varshon key liye anubandh thaa. unake vishal aur vividh pradarshanon kaa pradarshan unake sangeet karyakramon mein kiya gayaa thaa. francisi pradarshanon key alawa, jisake saath, unaki kabhi-kabhaar jalan, way aam taur parr judey hue they, unhone mosart, beethoven, brahm aur wagner key saath-saath baad key sangeetkaron koo prograam kiya, jisamen grenados, sconberg, scribbin, shostakovich, cibelius, richard strace aur waghan williams shamil they. ell. aiss. oh. key saath, montex ney sangeetkaar kii upasthiti mein shaahi albert holl mein "vasant key sanskar" kii pachaasvin varshgaanth kaa pradarshan kiya. haalaanki iss avsar kii recording seey kuchh khamiyon aur sust lay kaa pataa chalata haye, yeh ack teevra aur bhaavnaatmak sangeet karyakram thaa, aur montex anta mein usey galey lagaane key liye stravinsky key boxes taka chadh gayaa. khilaadiyon kaa maanana thaa kii apane kuchh varshon key prabhaari mein unhone ell. aiss. oh. koo badal diyaa; neville mariner ney mahsoos kiya kii unhone "unhein ack antarrashtriya orchestra kii tarah mahsoos karaaya... unhone unhein vistaarit kshitij diye aur desh aur videsh donon mein orchestra key saath apani kuchh uplabdhiyon ney unhein kaafee alag samvidhaan diyaa."
pichhale varshon mein.
halanki montex ney apane jeevan key anta taka apani jeevan shakti koo banaae rakhaa, lekin apane antim varshon mein unhein kabhi-kabhaar patan kaa saamana karna padaa. 1962 mein way beethoven kii paanchvin symphany key pradarshan key dauran behosh hoe gaye. 1963 mein britten key sarvocch sangeet sammaan, royal philharmonic society key swarn padak seey sammaanit kiye jaane key baad vaha phir seey gir gaye. prastuti surr adrian boult dwara kii gaee thee, jinhone yaad kiya kii jaba way munch seey nickle rahey they, "jaba humm maarg seey neeche chala rahey they tou montex ney dou chhoti-chhoti karaahen deen, aur mujhe achaanak apani baahen violine aur dhanush seey bharee hui mileen. orchestra ney sanketon koo pehchaan liya thaa. unake priya pramukh behosh hoe rahey they."agale varsh montex koo ack aur patan kaa saamana karna padaa, aur david zinman aur lorin majel ney utsav kaksh mein unake liye pratiniyukti kii.
aprail 1964 mein montex ney apana antim sangeet karyakram aayojit kiya, joe milan mein radio television italiana key orchestra key saath thaa. karyakram mein "flying dutchman", brahm key double concerto aur berlin key "symphony fantastic" kaa overture shamil thaa. avaastavik yojanaon mein prome mein unaki shuruat aur unake 90vein janmadin key sangeet karyakram shamil they, jisamen way apani sevaanivritti kii ghoshana karna chaahte they. juuna 1964 mein montex koo teen stroke aur maine mein apane ghar mein ack cerebral thrombosis kaa saamana karna padaa, jahan 1 julaai koo 89 varsh kii ayu mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
vyaktigat jeevan.
montex key chhah bachche they, jinamen seey dou koo god liya gayaa thaa. unaki pahali shaadi seey ack betaa, jeane-paul aur ack betty, suzain thee. jeane-paul ack jaiz sangeetkaar bunn gaye, joe josephine becker aur mistinguate jaise kalakaron key saath pradarshan curr rahey they. unaki doosari shaadi seey ack betty, dennis, paida hui, jise baad mein ack moortikaar key roop mein jaanaa gayaa, aur ack betaa, clod, ack bansuri vaadak. montex ney doris hozkins seey shaadi karane key baad unhone kanuni roop seey unake dou bachchon, donald, baad mein ack restaraan malik aur nansi koo god liya, joe ack nartak key roop mein currier key baad hancock mein piyare montex school key prashaasak bunn gaye.
montex key kaee sammanon mein seey, vaha lejan dee 'onar key ack commander aur oranje-nassau key order key ack shurveer they. ack raajneetik aur samajik udaarvaadi, apani god lii hui matribhoomi kii rajneeti mein unhone loktaantrik party kaa samarthan kiya aur nasleeya bhedbhaav key ack majboot virodhi they. unhone kaale kalakaron koo niyukt karane kii varjana koo nazarandaj curr diyaa; kathit taur parr, america mein algaav key dinon key dauran, jaba unhein bataaya gayaa kii unhein ack restaraan mein "rangeen logon key liye" parosa naheen jaa sakata haye tou unhone jore dekar kahaa kii vaha rangeen-gulabi thaa.
sangeet banaana.
pratishtha aur pradarshan kaa bhandar.
record nirmaata johnn kulshau ney montex koo "sabse durlabh prani-ack conductor jise unake orchestra dwara pyaar kiya jaataa thaa" key roop mein varnit kiya... unhein ack kinvadanti kahana mamle koo cumm karna hoga."toscanini ney dekhaa kii montex key paas batton kii sabse achchi takneek thee jise unhone kabhi dekhaa thaa. toscanini kii tarah, montex ney conductor key baaen aur daaen hisse mein pahale aur dusare violine key saath paaramparik orchestra leout parr jore diyaa, yeh maanate hue kii yeh baain or sabhi violine koo ack saath samoohbaddh karane kii tulanaa mein string vivaran kaa behtar pratinidhitva detaa haye. sangeetkaron key score key prati nishtha parr, montex key jeevanikaar johnn canarina ney unhein claimperor key saath aur toscani seey bhee oopar rakhaa, jinaki score key sakht paalan key liye pratishtha, canarina key vichaar mein, montex kii tulanaa mein cumm uchit thee.
grove dictionary off music aind sangeetkars" mein jeevani key sketch key anusaar, "montex" kabhi bhee ack shaleen sanchaalak naheen thaa... [unhone] apane vaadyayantra koo aksar kathin abhyaas mein taiyar kiya aur phir [upayog kiye gaye] chhote lekin nirnaayak haav-bhaavon koo badhiya banaavat, saavdhaanipoorvak vistaar aur shaktishali layabaddh oorjaa key vaadan koo praapt karane key liye, sangeet sanrachana kii apani asadharan pakad aur dhwani kii gunavatta key liye ack trutiheen kaana koo antim samay taka banaae rakhaa."montex shabdon aur haavbhaavon key saath behad kifayati thaa aur apane sabse chhote andolan seey pratikriya kii ummeed kartaa thaa. record nirmaata erich smith ney beethoven kii dehaati symphany aur brahm key dusare key liye vienna philharmonic key saath montex key rehearsal koo yaad kiya, "halanki vaha german mein orchestra seey baat naheen curr sakate they, unhone unake khel koo ack tech seey dusare mein badal diyaa.
montex key liye rehearsal kaa mahatva taba dikhaaya gayaa thaa jaba 1923 mein, diaghilev ney unhein binaa kissy rehearsal key stravinsky key nae "less nosses" kaa sanchaalan karane key liye kahaa, kyonki sangeetkaar pahale hii pahala pradarshan curr chuke honge, montex vahaan seey aage badhega. montex ney impressario "stravinsky" seey kahaa, 'ee' joe pasand haye vaha curr sakata haye, lekin mujhe vahee karna haye joe sangeetkaar ney likhaa haye."score key liye montex key aatm-prabhaavkaari drishtikon ney kabhi-kabhaar pratikool tippani kii;" "rashtra" "key sangeet aalochak, bee. aich. haggin ney yeh sweekaar karate hue kii montex koo aam taur parr sanchaalan key diggajon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa thaa, apani "baar-baar sangeet kii ausat darje kaa pradarshan" key baare mein likhaa. anya americi lekhakon ney ack alag drishtikon apanaaya haye. 1957 mein carlton smith ney likhaa, "sabhi sangeet key liye unakaa drishtikon master-craftman kaa haye. ... usey kaam parr, vinamra aur shaant dekhate hue, yeh mahsoos karna mushkil haye kii vaha kissy bhee prima donna kii tulanaa mein metropolitan opera house mein ack badaa boxes offices aakarshan haye... kii vaha america key 'bigg three'-boston, philadelphia aur newyork philharmonic orchestra kaa prabhaar lene key liye niyamit roop seey aamantrit ekmatra conductor hain."apani 1967 kii pustak" "dha grate conductor" "mein, harold see. shonberg ney montex key baare mein likhaa, "antarrashtriya qada key ack conductor, ack conductor jisaki duniya bhar mein prashansa kii jaati thee aur pyaar kiya jaataa thaa. pyaar kiya' shabd kaa upayog salah key saath kiya jaataa haye."kaheen aur, shonberg ney montex key" "junoon aur karishma" "key baare mein likhaa. jaba ack radio sakshatkar mein khud koo (ack conductor key roop mein) ack shabd mein varnit karane key liye kahaa gayaa, tou montex ney jawab diyaa, "bahut achchha peshevar.
apane poore currier mein montex koo francisi sangeet mein ack visheshagya key roop mein socha jaane seey peedit honah padaa. unake liye joe sangeet sabse adhik mayane rakhta thaa vaha german sangeetkaron kaa thaa, vishesh roop seey brahmon kaa, lekin ise aksar sangeet karyakram key pravartakon aur recording companiyon dwara andekha curr diyaa jaataa thaa. chaar brahm symphany mein seey, unhein recording companiyon dwara kewal ack, doosara record karane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. unake pahale aur teesare key live pradarshan kii recording cd parr jaari kii gaee haye, lekin canarina kii jeevani mein dyscography mein chauthe kii koee recording, live yaa studio seey naheen haye. aalochak villium maine ney kaee anya logon key saath unhein brahmon key "sarvocch aadhikarik" sanchaalak key roop mein maanaa, halanki cardus asahmat theh "german sangeet montex mein, swabhavik roop seey, harmonic vajan aur sahee bhaari lung gati seey chook gaye. udaaharan key liye, unaki lay, brahm yaa shuman key liye thodi adhik nukili thee."gramophone" key sameekshak jonathan swayne kaa kahana haye kii koee bhee chaalak taaron mein abhivyanjak sambhaavanaon key baare mein montex seey adhik naheen jaanata thaa, yeh daavaa karate hue kii "joe vaahak ack taar vaadyayantra naheen bajaata haye, vaha buss alag-alag dhwaniyon koo praapt karna naheen jaanata haye; aur dhanush kaa taar bajaane mein itna mahatva haye kii ack hii nott key utpaadan key 50 alag-alag tareeke hoe sakate hain"; unaki 2003 kii jeevani mein, johnn canarina montex dwara aayojit unnis "mahatvapurna vishva premiere" koo soochibaddh kartaa haye. petrushka" aur "vasant kaa sanskar" key alawa ack aur stravinsky kaam haye, "nightingale. diaglave key liye montex key anya premiere mein ravel kii "daphanis aitt clow" aur dibsey kii "jakes" shamil theen. sangeet karyakram kaksh mein unhone milhoud, paulenk aur procofeave key karyon kaa premiere kiya. aprail 1914 key ack patra mein stravinsky ney likhaa, "harr koee vibhinn pravrittiyon key samkaaleen karyon key sambandh mein aapke utsaah aur aapaki imandari kii sarahana curr sakata haye, jinka bachaav karane kaa aapako avsar milaa haye."
montex key jeevanikaar jeane-phillip mausniyar ney 300 seey adhik sangeet karyakramon key liye montex key karyakramon key ack pratinidhi namoone kaa vishleshan kiya. sabse adhik baar khele jaane vaale symphany mein seasure frank kii dee minor symphany, "symphany fantastic", beethoven kii saatvin, chaikovsky kii paanchvin aur chhathi, aur brahm kii pahali dou symphany shamil theen. richard strass key karyon mein lagbhag utani hii baar dibsey kii tarah, aur wagner kii prastaavana aur "triston aind isolde" seey "libestod" koo aksar "vasant key sanskar" key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa.
recording.
montex ney apane poore currier mein badee sankhya mein recording kii. unaki pahali recording 1903 mein mayerbir dwara tenner albert vaguate key saath path key liye "less hugenots" seey "plus blanch kyu laa blanch hermine" mein ack ullanghankarta key roop mein thee. yeh sambhav haye kii montex ney collon orchestra key 20 shuruati cylinders mein khela joe 1906-07 key aspas record kiya gayaa thaa. ack conductor key roop mein unaki recording kii shuruat 1929 mein jaari "vasant key sanskar" kii unaki paanch recordings mein seey pahali thee, jisamen ausp, jise canarina dwara udaseen roop seey bajaaya gayaa thaa; 1930 aur 1931 mein banaae gaye revell aur berlinose dwara sangeet kii montex recording, canarina kaa maanana haye, adhik prabhaavshaali thee. stravinsky, jinhone 1929 mein "sanskar" bhee record kiya thaa, gusse mein they kii montex ney ack pratidvandi recording kii thee; unhone niji taur parr teekhi tippaniyan keen, aur kuchh samay key liye montex key saath unake sambandh shaant rahey.
montex kii antim studio recording farwari 1964 key anta mein landan symphany orchestra key saath revell dwara kiye gaye karyon mein thee. apane currier key dauran unhone pachas seey adhik sangeetkaron dwara kiye gaye karyon koo record kiya.
montex key jivankal mein record companiyon key liye live sangeet karyakramon kii recording jaari karna durlabh thaa, halanki unhone ise bahut pasand kiya hoga, unhone kahaa, "aggar koee samanya sangeet karyakram-holl kii sthiti mein ack mein record curr sakata haye. montex key kuchh live pradarshan joe metropolitan opera kaa sanchaalan karate hain, aur anya key beach saine francisco symphony, boston symphony, bbc symphony aur landan symphony orchestra unake studio recording key saath jeevit hain, aur kuchh koo compact disk parr jaari kiya gayaa haye. yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii yeye unake studio recording seey bhee adhik prakat karate hain "ack baar mein ack bhavuk, anushaasit aur swaadisht conductor; joe kabhi-kabhi studio mein kaid kiye gaye montex kii tulanaa mein adhik jeevant thaa, aur phir bhee, usa studio conductor kii tarah, ack samvardhit sangeetkaar jisake paas santulan key liye ack asadharan kaana, shally kii gahari bhavna aur aakar aur rekha kii ack nishchit samajh thee."
montex kii kaee recording dashakon seey soochi mein bunny hui hain, vishesh roop seey boston symphany aur shikago symphany orchestra key saath unaki rca victor recording; vienna philharmonic key saath dekka recording; aur lso key saath dekka aur phillips recording. mainan" kii, unaki kuchh opera recording mein seey ack, "opera onn record" mein alaan blythe ney kahaa kii "montex key khoon mein sangeet thaa aur yahaan ise adhikaar aur aatma key saath vitarit kiya gayaa haye. unhein sangeet karyakram key saath beethoven key "iroika" symphany key mool ell. pee. muddon mein rehearsal karate hue sunaa jaa sakata haye (phillips 835132 aeye. aaee.) aur landan symphany key saath beethoven key 9vein (westminster, doubleu. aiss. tii. 234).
montex kii video recording durlabh haye. unhein berlin key roman carnival overture aur shikago symphany orchestra key saath beethoven kii 8veen symphany kaa sanchaalan karate hue dekhaa jaataa haye, aur landan symphany orchestra key saath "apradrishti, gaharaai seey santoshjanak maanviya tareeke seey" ducas 'ell' apprenti sorcier "kaa sanchaalan karate hue dekhaa jaataa haye.
notes aur sandarbh.
notes
sandarbh

