
soviyat sangh mein laitinkaran

soviyat sangh mein, 1920 aur 1930 key dashak key dauran abhiyaan kaa naam laitinkaran yaa laitinkaran () thaa jiska uddeshya soviyat sangh kii sabhi bhaashaon key liye paaramparik lekhan pranaliyon koo una pranaliyon key saath badalana thaa joe lattin lipi kaa upayog karengi yaa una bhaashaon key liye lattin-lipi-adharit pranaliyan banaayengi jinamen usa samay lekhan pranali naheen thee.
inmein seey adhikansh varnamaalaaen nishkriya hain aur kaee (vishesh roop seey coccus mein bhaashaon key liye) mein kaee akshar hotey hain jinamen 2023 taka unicode samarthan naheen hotaa haye.
itihas.
prishthabhoomi.
cumm seey cumm 1700 seey, kuchh russie buddhijiviyon ney paschim key saath ghanishth sambandhon kii apani ichcha mein russie bhasha koo lattin karane kii koshish kii haye.
20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein bolshevikon key chaar lakshya theh zaarvaad koo todana, poori duniya mein samaajvaad failana, soviyat sangh key musalman nivaasiyon koo arabi-islami duniya aur dharm seey alag karna, aur saralikaran key madhyam seey niraksharta koo samaapt karna. unhone nishkarsh nikala kii aisaa karane key liye lattin varnamala sahee upkaran thee, aur 1917 kii russie kranti key dauran satta parr kabja karane key baad, unhone inn aadarshon koo sakar karane kii yojana banaai.
haalaanki pragati pahale dheemi thee, 1926 mein, soviyat sangh key turkey-bahul ganrajyon ney lattin lipi koo apanaaya, jisase padosi turkey mein sudharakon koo ack badaa badhaava milaa. jaba mustafa kemal ataturk ney 1928 mein naee turkey lattin varnamala koo apanaaya, tou isane badale mein soviyat netaaon koo aage badhane key liye protsaahit kiya. 1933 taka, yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa kii kuchh bhasha samoohon mein joe arabi-adharit lipi seey lattin mein sthanantarit hoe gaye they, saksharta darr 2 pratishat seey badhkar 60 pratishat hoe gaee.
prakriya.
russie kranti key baad, jaba soviyat sangh ack aise raajya kaa nirmaan karane kii koshish curr rhaa thaa joe russie samrajya banaane vaale vividh rashtriya samoohon koo behtar dhang seey samaayojit karey, saksharta aur rashtriya bhaashaon key liye samarthan ack pramukh raajneetik pariyojana bunn gaee. soviyat rashtriyata neeti ney rashtriya bhaashaon mein shiksha aur sarkari kaary aayojit karane kaa ahwan kiya, jisase bhashai sudhaar kii aavashyakta koo badhaava milaa. madhya asia key islami aur turkey logon key beach, unaki bhaashaon key liye sabse aam saahityik lipi arabi yaa farsi lipi parr adharit thee; haalaanki, inhen saksharta key liye ack baadha maanaa jaataa thaa, vishesh roop seey turkey bhaashaon key liye kyonki isake likhit swaron kii kamee thee.
1920 key dashak mein, arabi koo sanshodhit karane key prayaas kiye gaye (jaise kii yaana imla varnamala joe taataar key liye vikasit kii gaee thee), lekin kuchh samoohon ney isake bajaay lattin-adharit varnamalaon koo apanaaya. zaarvaadi missionaryon key saath pichhale sangharsh key kaaran, ack lattin-adharit lipi koo ack cyrillic lipi kii tulanaa mein "cumm ghrinit" key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. dashak key anta taka, laitinkaran kii or kadam poore joron parr thaa. 8 agast, 1929 koo kendriya karyakari samiti aur ussr key lock ayukton kii parishad key adesh dwara ussr kii arabi likhit bhasha key logon kii naee lattin varnamala parr lattin varnamala mein sankraman koo soviyat sangh mein sabhi turkey-taataar bhaashaon key liye ack aadhikarik darja diyaa gayaa thaa.
isake baad arab lipi aur turkey bhaashaon koo badalane aur soviyat sangh mein sabhi rashtriya bhaashaon key liye lattin-adharit lipiyon koo vikasit karane key liye prayaas shuru hue. 1929 mein, aar. aiss. aff. aiss. aar. key lock aayog ney russie varnamala, dha (, vee. tii. aiss. key. naa) key romankaran key prashn koo vikasit karane key liye ack samiti kaa gathan kiya, jiska netritva professor ney kiya aur bhashavidon, granth soochikaaron, printers aur engineeron kii bhagidari key saath. 1932 taka, lagbhag sabhi turkey, irani, mangol, tungusik aur euralic bhaashaon key liye lattin-adharit lipiyaan vikasit kii gaeen, 1932 taka ussr mein 72 likhit bhaashaon mein seey kull 66. anya slavic bhaashaon key saath cheeni, koriyai aur russie koo bhee lattin banaane kii yojana thee.
vee. tii. aiss. key. naa ney janwari 1930 key madhya mein apana kaam puuraa kiya; haalaanki, 25 janwari 1930 koo, mahasachiv joseph stallin ney russie bhasha key liye cyrillic varnamala key romankaran key prashn key vikas koo rokane kaa adesh diyaa. belarusi aur ukraini koo isi tarah laitinkaran key liye seema seey baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1933 taka, laitinkaran key prati drishtikon naatakiya roop seey badal gayaa thaa aur sabhi naee roman bhaashaon koo cyrillic mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. apani lipi koo lattin banaane key prayaas key binaa ekmatra bhasha georgia thee.
kull milakar, 1923 aur 1939 key beach, yuu. aiss. aiss. aar. kii 72 bhaashaon mein seey 50 key liye lattin varnamala lagu kii gaee thee, joe likhi gaee theen, aur lattin varnamalaon koo pahale kii kaee vishesh roop seey maukhik bhaashaon key liye vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. maari, mordovian aur udmert bhaashaon mein, cyrillic varnamala kaa upayog adhikatam laitinkaran kii avadhi key dauran bhee jaari rhaa, kyonki una bhaashaon mein cyrillic varnamala key saath likhe gaye saahitya key badhate shareer key kaaran.
1936 mein, ack nayaa abhiyaan ussr key logon kii sabhi bhaashaon koo cyrillic lipi mein sthanantarit karane key liye shuru huaa, joe kaafee hudd taka 1940 taka puuraa hoe gayaa thaa (german, georgia, armenian aur yiddish ussr mein aam bhaashaon seey gair-cyrilised rahey; antim teen bhee kabhi lattin naheen they). baad mein, polish, finish, latvian, astonian aur lithuanian bhaashaaen bhee aprachalit raheen.
1920 aur 1930 key dashak key dauran nimnalikhit bhaashaon koo lattin yaa nae lattin-adharit varnamalaon key roop mein anukoolit kiya gayaa thaah
nimnalikhit bhaashaon key liye pariyojanaaen banaai gaeen aur anumodit kii gaeen, lekin unhein lagu naheen kiya gayaah