raajaon kii aradhana (david, landan)

 
praarambhik neetherland key chitrakaar gerard david (see. 1460-1523) panel parr tail mein ack painting haye, shayed 1515 key baad seey, abb landan mein rashtriya gallery (ng 1079) mein. chitrit satah kuchh maapati haye, aur panel donon aayamon mein lagbhag badaa haye. panel ack vighatit vedi seey aataa haye jisase ack anya panel jeevit dikhaai detaa haye, "vilaap" joe rashtriya gallery (ng 1078) mein bhee haye.
jaadoo kii pooja ack aam vishay haye, joe aksar kalaa mein yeeshu key janm kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, vishesh roop seey iss avadhi mein, jaba aksar bibil key jaadoo aur unake anucharon key aakritiyon mein samriddh veshbhusha dikhaane kaa avsar liya jaataa thaa, udaaharan key liye, rashtriya gallery mein bhee, jise kabhi-kabhi david ney yogdan diyaa thaa. haalaanki yeh ack bahut badee aur adhik bheed vaali painting haye, david ney yahaan seey rachana key pahaluon koo udhaar liya hoga.
haalaanki, yahaan david kaa vyavhaar apekshaakrit saral aur sanyamit haye, jisamen paanch mukhya aakritiyaan adhikansh chitra sthaan parr kabja curr letee hain, aur koee bhee swargadoot joe david aur unaki karyashala dwara janm key kaee anya chitranon mein pramukh naheen hain. aksar, yahaan charvaahon kii pooja teen raajaon kii pooja key saath mill jaati haye. raajaa key peechhe dou charvaahon key daahine ghutane tekate hain, aur unake peechhe shaahi sevakon key teen sir videshi pagadi pahanate hain. ack aur aakriti joe ack pagadi mein chhaaya mein khadee haye, baain or meenar kii seedhiyon parr kuchh seedhiyaan, pent key kinare parr kaat dee gaee hain, yeh "spasht roop seey sant joseph" haye.
paaramparik bail aur gadhe mukhya drishya mein naheen hain, lekin sabse pramukh raajaa key sir key oopar khandahar deewaar key madhyam seey dekhaa jaa sakata haye, kramshah ghaas key ack tukade parr baithe aur charate hue. bethelham key upnagaron key ack hisse kaa drishya kendra mein dikhaai detaa haye, aur daaeen or shahar kii bhavya deevaaren aur kshitij dikhaai detaa haye.
mool vedi.
painting key sabhi gyaat itihas key liye yeh ng 1078 "vilaap" key saath ack saath rhaa haye, lekin yeh 19 veen shatabdi key landan kii shuruat seey aage naheen jaataa haye. kyaa donon mool roop seey ack hii polyptic kaa hissa they, yeh nishchit naheen haye, lekin yeh sabse adhik sambhavana prateet hoti haye. vilaap" donon aayamon mein kuchh 3 semi badaa haye, aur isaki "underdraving" shally mein asangat haye aur kuchh hisson koo "aradhana" key underdroing key saath milaaya jaa sakata haye, lekin anya naheen. dou panels mein aakritiyaan lagbhag ack hii aakar kii hain, aur samaan star parr kshitij hain, aur inn aayamon key kissy bhee anya panel koo david yaa unaki karyashala key liye jimmedaar naheen thaharaaya jaataa haye. donon koo peechhe kii or rakhaa gayaa haye, aur mool roop seey donon taraf chitrit kiya gayaa hoe sakata haye, masih key jeevan yaa kunwari key jeevan parr ack vedi key pankhon key hisson key roop mein, ack kendriya panel key saath inn key aakar seey lagbhag chaar gunaa adhik.
pramaan.
yeh aur saathi "vilaap" donon juuna 1830 mein landan mein christies mein fredrick benjamin king (ack diwalia cheeni-refiner) kii tasveeron kii bikri mein hoe sakate hain, jahaan lott 82 ack "aradhana" thee jise "jey" dwara varnit kiya gayaa thaa. dee maubege, "yaani zaan gossert, joe maubege mein paida huaa thaa. vilaap" koo kewal "fleemish" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. unhone kramshah £4 aur £4,12 shilling praapt kiye, lekin alag-alag kharidar darj kiye gaye hain. donon chitron parr gulabi kagaj kaa label ankit haye jiss parr "raajaa 157" unake peechhe key hisse parr chipkaya gayaa haye.
yadi way iss bindu parr alag hoe gaye they, tou way 1831 taka phir seey mill gaye they, jaba unakaa nishchit itihas shuru hotaa haye, landan mein rahane vaale ack german vyaapaari carle adders key sangrah mein. donon kii nilami agast 1835 mein phir seey kii gaee aur ack dow. vilis dwara kharida gayaa, baad mein ack sarjan, joseph heinry green key paas gayaa, joe landan key uttar mein ack chhote seey raaste parr monken hadley mein rahata thaa. donon chitron koo 1857 mein manchester mein aayojit vishal aur mahatvapurna "kalaa khajaane pradarshani" mein pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa. green kii mrityu 1863 mein hui aur unaki vidhwa (annie elija, dee. 1879) ney sangrah mein sabhi dutch aur flamish chitron koo rashtriya gallery koo viraasat mein diyaa, jinhen 1880 mein praapt huaa thaa. baahari pradarshaniyon key liye koee rinn darj naheen kiya gayaa haye (1998 taka).
attribution.
abb yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii chitra mukhya roop seey david dwara swayam kiya gayaa haye, unaki karyashala seey samanya sahaayata seey-iss tarikh koo vaha ack saath dou baar chala rahey honge, entwerp aur brajes mein. yeh nishchit roop seey unaki shally mein haye, aur "aisaa lagata haye kii david key tatkaal anuyaayiyon mein seey kissy key paas bhee aisee sukhad sadgi kii rachana kaa utpaadan karane key liye paryaapt kaushal naheen thaa" aur "takneek david key saath adhikansh mamalon mein sahmat haye.
kaee praarambhik neetherland key chitron kii tarah, yeh ateet mein kaee anya chitrakaron koo shreya diyaa gayaa haye, kyonki iss avadhi kii samajh vikasit hui haye. 1830 mein neelam kii gaee painting koo zaan gossert dwara varnit kiya gayaa thaa, aur vigyapanon kii bikri aur harey sangrah mein ise ack huns memming key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. praarambhik adhikaariyon mein, 1850 key dashak mein gustaav friedrich wegen ney ise "school off vaine ike" aur 1830 key dashak mein johann david passvent koo "rossier vaine dair weiden dha young" kahaa. rashtriya gallery ney saavdhaanipoorvak pahali baar ise kewal "flamish school" key roop mein soochibaddh kiya, kewal 1920 mein david mein badal gayaa. yeh pahali baar 1902 mein georges huleen dee luu dwara sujhaaya gayaa thaa, halanki unhein naheen lagata thaa kii painting swayam master key haath seey thee. 20veen shatabdi mein chhatravritti parr mukhya mudda master aur karyashala key beach kaam kaa hissa thaa.

