
udaan pragati patti

udaan pragati patti kagaj kii ack chhoti patti haye jiska upayog havaai yatayat niyantran (aeye. tii. see.) mein udaan koo track karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. jabaki isaki shuruat key baad seey ise udaan tracking key adhik takniki roop seey unnat tarikon dwara poorak kiya gayaa haye, yeh abhee bhee aadhunik aeye. tii. see. mein ack udaan koo annotate karane key liye ack twarit tareeke key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye, joe nirdesh jaari kiye gaye they unakaa kanuni record rakhane key liye, anya niyantrakon koo turant dekhane kii anumati dene key liye kii kyaa hoe rhaa haye aur iss jaankaari koo anya niyantrakon koo dene key liye joe udaan koo niyantrit karane key liye jaate hain.
patti koo ack plastic boot mein lagaaya jaataa haye jise 'strip holder' kahaa jaataa haye aur anya strips key saath ack 'strip board' mein rakhaa jaataa haye jiska upayog havaai kshetra key ack vishesh kshetra mein yaa havaai adde parr sabhi udaanon key pratinidhitva key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. patti dhaarak key rung kaa aksar ack arth hotaa haye. patti board mein urdhvaadhar rail hoti hain joe kaee dheron ('bey') mein pattiyon koo baadhit karati hain.
board mein patti kii sthiti patti board kii jaankaari kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haih drishtikon aur kshetra niyantrak aamtaur parr apane pattiyon koo star/oonchaai crum mein rakhate hain, jabaki tower niyantrak jameen, runway aur havaa kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye bey kaa upayog karate hain. pratyek khaadi koo 'designer strips' aur dhaatu kii chhadon kaa upayog karke aage upa-vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye taaki udaan pragati patti kii sthiti dwara aur bhee adhik jaankaari koo chitrit kiya jaa sakey. anya vishesh pattiyon kaa upayog vishesh havaai kshetra kii sthiti koo ingit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, yaa jameen parr bhautik baadhaon yaa vaahanon kii upasthiti kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. inca upayog anya praasangik jaankaari key niyantrak koo ack twarit anusmaarak pradaan karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, jaise.jee. vaha samay jaba raat shuru hoti haye yaa samaapt hoti haye.
kuchh deshon mein, udaan pragati pattiyon koo computer pradarshan dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye. yeh hamesha ack samasya-mukt sankraman naheen hotaa haye, kyonki bhautik pattiyon mein kaee visheshtaen hoti hain jinhen ack computer pranali dohar naheen sakati haye. vaastav mein, "handoff" shabd, jiska upayog aaj ack kshetra seey dusare kshetra mein vimaan key niyantran key computerykrit hastaantaran koo darshaane key liye kiya jaataa haye, jimmedaari key hastaantaran koo darshaane key liye udaan pragati patti koo agale niyantrak koo bhautik roop seey saunpane kii purani takneek seey aataa haye. iss takneek kaa upayog aaj bhee kuchh niyantran towers key bheetar kiya jaataa haye; udaaharan key liye, ground controller bhautik roop seey patti koo sthaaniya niyantrak koo saunp sakata haye kyonki vimaan runway taka pahunch jaataa haye, yaa sthaaniya niyantrak neeche key kamare mein prasthaan radar niyantrak koo patti aur patti dhaarak koo neeche giraa dega, ack baar jaba vimaan koo udaan bharane key liye saaf curr diyaa jaataa haye. 
pragati patti leout kii kaee shailiyaan hain, lekin mamuli antar koo ack taraf rakhate hue, ack patti mein cumm seey cumm shamil hainh
aavashyakta key anusaar anya jaankaari jodee jaa sakati haye.
isake alawa ack patti koo sambhaavit muddon koo ujagar karane key liye samanya sanrekhan seey "cock out" yaa offset kiya jaa sakata haye. iska upayog yaa tou vyaktigat anusmaarak key roop mein yaa niyantrakon key beach sanchaar key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
file kii gaee udaan yojanaon key liye, strips shuru mein computer seey mudrit hotey hain aur aksar isase adhik jaankaari hoti haye. isake baad vibhinn rangeen kalamon mein niyantrak aur sahayakon dwara aage kii jaankaari jodee jaati haye taaki tippani banaane vaale vyakti kii bhoomika koo dikhaaya jaa sakey. free-colling' vimaan (aam taur parr havaai kshetra koo paar karane vaale chhote vimaan) key liye, pattiyan radio dwara paarit jaankaari seey niyantrak yaa sahayak dwara poori tarah seey haath seey likhi jaani chaahiye.
kuchh deshon mein, pattiyon koo electronic samkakshon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye. yeye aam taur parr udaan kii jaankaari dikhaane key liye touch-screen kaa upayog karate hain, jabaki abhee bhee kagaj kii pattiyon aur patti rack key kuchh bhautik pahaluon koo rakhane kii koshish karate hain.

