dugglus freshfield

dugglus villium freshfield (27 aprail 1845-9 farwari 1934) ack british vakeel, parvatarohi aur lekhak they, jinhone 1872 seey 1880 taka "alpine journal" kaa sampadan kiya. way shaahi bhaugolik samaaj aur alpine club key sakriya sadasya they aur donon sangathanon key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya. way bhaugolik sangh key pahale adhyaksh bhee they, pahali baithak mein logon mein seey ack they jahan sangh kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. unhone 1897 seey 1911 taka seva kii, joe sangh key itihas mein sabse lambe samay taka seva karane vaale adhyaksh they.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
landan mein janme, freshfield heinry ray freshfield aur unaki patni jaine quinton crofford key ekmatra bete they. unake pitaa ack ullekhaniya vakeel aur freshfields key parivarik firm key sadasya they. unaki maan villium crofford kii betty theen, joe landan shahar key saansad they (1833-1841), jinhone east india company mein dhana arjit kiya thaa. vaha ack lekhika theen aur unake prakashanon mein "alpine byways" aur "grissons kaa daura" (swiss alps jise abb grebunden key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) shamil they.
adolfo hess key saath ack sakshatkar mein, freshfield yaad karate hain kii unake parivaar koo paanch saptah taka kii garmiyon mein lambi chhuttiyan lena pasand thaa. vaha yaad karate hain kii jaba way chhah saal key they, tou way jheel jile mein lodor jharane gaye, jahan way nirash they kii rait key kinare key kaaran jharna dheema hoe gayaa thaa. agale varsh unhone scotland kii yatra kii. 1854 mein, unhone besal seey chemonics taka jaate hue swiss alps kii yatra kii. unake pitaa ney saarvajanik anand key liye khule sthaanon koo sanrakshit karane koo bahut mahatva diyaa aur way hampstead heath aur aishdaaun vann koo bachaane key abhiyaanon mein sakriya they.
freshfield ney eaton college aur university college, oxford mein shiksha praapt kii, jahan unhone nagrik kaanoon aur itihas mein degree praapt kii. unhein 1870 mein baar mein bulaaya gayaa thaa.
parvataarohan.
freshfield ack utsuk yatri aur parvatarohi thaa. bachpan seey hii pahaadon seey gahara pyaar thaa aur vishesh roop seey alps key shaukeen they. julaai 1867 mein unhone tour ronde kii pahali chadhaai kii aur isake purvi hisse mein cole kaa naam abb 'cole freshfield' haye.
apane biss key dashak taka, freshfield pahale seey hii aage ack kshetra mein jaa rhaa thaa. 1868 mein unhone apane balcarian guide akhiya sottev key saath albrus parr ack prayaas kiya, aur halanki way uchch paschimi shikhar taka pahunchane mein whiffle rahey, freshfield purvi shikhar taka pahunchane vaalaa pahala videshi thaa.
freshfield ney coccus kii khoj kaa netritva kiya aur gaanv key gairgeti key guides key saath aadhikarik taur parr kazbeck koo jeetane vaalaa pahala vyakti thaa. unhone 1896 mein prakaashit "dha exploration off dha coccus" mein 'dha solitude off abkhazia' parr ack gatishil adhyaay mein abkhazia key apramaanit kshetron kaa varnan kiya.
1899 mein dugglus freshfield ney italvi photographer vittoriyo cella key saath hurry jheelon kii yatra kii. unhone kangchenjunga (khangchenjunga) key aspas abhiyaan chalaaya aur uttar seey kangchenjunga key chaaron or ack chakkar mein apani party key saath trekking key liye nickle padey. jaba vaha surakshit roop seey dajongri mein pahunche, tou unhone ack badee alaav jalaai, jise darziling seey dekhaa jaa sakata thaa aur bangal key rajyapal ney unake sammaan mein bandook kii salami dene kaa adesh diyaa. vaha kanchenjunga glacier seey nikalane vaale kanchenjunga key paschimi chehare kii jaanch karane vaale pahale parvatarohi bhee baney. freshfield ney siniyolchu koo "parvat vastukala kii sabse shandar jeet aur duniya kaa sabse sunder burf kaa pahaad" bataaya.
1905 mein unhone uganda mein ravenzori abruzi parr chadhane kaa prayaas kiya lekin kharaab mausam key kaaran whiffle rahey. haalaanki pahaad parr taaja maidan darra kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.
alpine club aur aar. jee. aiss.
freshfield ney 1872 seey 1880 taka alpine patrika kaa sampadan karate hue yatra aur alps key baare mein vyaapak roop seey likhaa. vaha shaahi bhaugolik samaaj key ack saathi they aur 1881 mein isake sanyukt sachiv baney. usa samay way stanhope udyaanon mein reh rahey they, aur 1891 taka camden hill, hampstead mein reh rahey they. way 1893 seey 1895 taka alpine club key adhyaksh, 1908 seey 1909 taka lekhakon kii society key adhyaksh aur 1897 seey 1910 taka bhaugolik shikshakon key sangh key adhyaksh they.
1904 mein, way british sangh key bhaugolik khand key adhyaksh they. unhein 1903 mein shaahi bhaugolik samaaj key sansthaapak padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, 1906 mein samaaj key upaadhyaksh baney aur 1914 seey 1917 taka isake adhyaksh rahey. way 1924 mein aar. jee. aiss. key trusty baney. vishvavidyalaya college, oxford ney unhein maanad saathi banaaya, aur unhein oxford vishvavidyalaya aur jineva vishvavidyalaya mein nagrik kaanoonon key doctor kii maanad degree seey sammaanit kiya gayaa.
vyaktigat.
freshfield ney 27 navambar 1869 koo augusta charlotte richi (1847-1911) seey shaadi kii. vaha villium richi kii betty aur surr richmond richi kii bahan thee. unaki chaar betiyaan aur ack betaa, heinry dugglus freshfield thaa, jisaki 1891 mein chaudah varsh kii ayu mein mrityu hoe gaee thee. parivaar kii haani ack smaarak upahaar kaa avsar thaa joe vann pankti key logon key liye ack bhawan key roop mein ack sankeern holl aur sansthaan key roop mein upayog kiya jaanaa thaa.
pahala freshfield holl bahut cumm samay key liye thaa, kyonki ise 14 farwari 1895 koo jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa. dugglus freshfield aur unaki patni ney ise phir seey banaane mein koee samay barbad naheen kiya aur ise 17 navambar 1895 koo phir seey khol diyaa gayaa. jaba freshfield koo phir seey khola gayaa tou unhone apani patni aur khud kii ichcha vyakt kii jaba unhein ummeed thee kii holl kaa upayog sabhi vargon key paadari dwara kiya jaayega, aur yeh apane mool sansthaapak kii smriti koo jeevit rakhega.
freshfield jangal kii kataar mein ack nikat padosi, violet needham kaa dost bunn gayaa. kheti aur sanskar key saath-saath sahsi, taaja kshetra aur charles needham koo kaee baingani needham nayakon mein dekhaa gayaa haye.
freshfield kii mrityu witch cross place, vann pankti, suspenses mein hui. unhein apane bete heinry dugglus freshfield (1877-1891) key smaarak key saamane brookwood kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa haye, jise edward onslo ford dwara tarasha gayaa thaa. iss smaarak mein ack padika haye joe apane rath mein apolo kii ack raahat koo pradarshit karati haye, jisake neeche dou nagna putti kaa ack bases-releaf samooh haye, jisamen ulta mashal, mrityu key prateek hain, jisake oopar ack atton collar pahane yuva heinry freshfield kaa ack chitra haye. yeh smaarak 2004 seey shreni II mein soochibaddh haye.
likhana.
freshfield kii maan ack parvatarohi aur lekhika bhee theen, aur apane bete koo prakriti aur kalaa kii sarahana mein shikshit karna mahatvapurna maanati theen. cumm umr seey hii unake maataa-pitaa unhein yatra parr leey gaye jisamen angreji jheel jilaa aur scotland shamil they. jaba way aathh varsh key they, taba unake pitaa ney parivaar koo switzerland mein chhutti parr leey jaanaa shuru curr diyaa, vishesh roop seey alps mein. swiss aur italvi alps mein duss saal kii garmiyon kii chhuttiyon ney bachche koo bahut prabhaavit kiya. unhone saath saal baad adolph hess key saath ack sakshatkar mein kahaah
mujhe lagata haye kii, binaa kissy rukawat key, agale duss varshon taka, main apane maataa-pitaa key saath alps mein gayaa, aur maine naa kewal aasaan yaatraon kaa anubhav kiya, balki kaee cumm samanya gantavyon kaa bhee anubhav kiya. humm monte bianco, monte rossa aur bernina renz kaa daura kiya; humm arolla gaye, vikasit karane key liye, kogne key liye, vailaaza mein, glarus alps mein, devos key liye, livigno key liye aur worderhin mein. kuchh nakshe joe maine banaae hain, abhee bhee hamaare vaarshik yatra karyakram koo darshaate hain. humm mount titlis, jazzy choti, mittelhorn aur madhyam oonchaai kii kuchh anya chotiyon parr chadh gaye. lekin way merrie mahatvakanksha koo puuraa naheen curr paae, isaliye 1863 mein maine akele mahaan swarg kii koshish karane kaa faisala kiya, jahan kshama naa karane vaale mausam ney mujhe roque diyaa. main vaise bhee, dent doo gent seey gujarane aur monte bianco parr chadhane mein saksham thaa.agale varsh main apane dou sahpaathiyon key saath apani yatra shuru karane key liye taiyar thaa, aur maine "poore desh mein thonnon seey trent taka" (niji roop seey mudrit) march record kiya.
shrimati freshfield swayam ack lekhika theen aur unake prakashanon mein "alpine byways" aur "grissons kaa daura" shamil thaa. valeria azolini ney unake baare mein "aaee resoconti dee viaggio dee freshfield" ("freshfield kii yatra patrikaaen") mein likhaa haih
sabse cumm umr aur sahee mayane mein pahaad key premi, jaldbaji usake liye agyaat thee kyonki yeh vaastav mein usa choti taka naheen pahunch rahee thee joe usey prerit curr rahee thee, lekin raaste mein uska saamana karane vaale paridrishyon kaa aakarshan, aur iss prakaar usane usa anand mein bitaaye ghante.parivaar key sadasyon key alawa, shrimati freshfield key aakhyanon mein ack aur naayak thaah guide, michel alphons coutet. aur nishchit roop seey una varshon mein hii yuva nae maidanon ney harr pahaadi kaarravaai mein ack achche maargdarshak kii upasthiti key mahatva koo samajha.
freshfield chadhaai karate samay shaaririk vyayam seey adhik achche saath mein vishvaas kartaa thaa. jaba vaha apane currier key lagbhag anta taka pahunch gaye they, tou unhone kahaah
merrie sabse badee mahatvakanksha kabhi bhee apani maanspeshiyon koo vikasit karane key liye kathin vyayam mein apane dinn bitana naheen rahee haye. isake bajaay merey dwara parvataarohan key kissy anya kshan kii adhik sarahana naheen kii gaee thee jisamen main paridrishya kaa anand leey sakata thaa, jabaki dusaron koo ack raasta kholna thaa.
apane pahale kaam, "dha itailiyan alps" (1875) mein, unhone ack suruchipurna varnanatmak kshamata key saath likhate hue pahaadon kaa anand lene key liye khud koo chhod diyaa. unhone baar-baar apane bhraman aur parvataarohan key baare mein apane masaudon koo ack "poorv saahityik" samvaadaata kii tarah parishkrit kiya. isane unhein itali kii khoj key baare mein likhane key liye britten mein 19veen shatabdi key sabse achche taiyar aur behtareen bhashavidon mein seey ack banaa diyaa. ack sahaj aur prerit kathavachak key roop mein, unhone alps key sabhi rahasyamay ashcharyon parr khushi seey report kiya. vaha baaki europe key saath inhen rakhna chaahata thaa aur bejod teekshnata key saath alps kii visheshtaon kaa varnan kiya. unake vivaran sabhi konon seey they-kavyatmak, jaatiya aur vaigyaanik. paathak koo giudicary alps key vatavaran mein aaney dete hue unhone kahaah
ghaatiyon kii cumm oonchaai, unake dhoop key sampark mein aaney aur unaki pahaadiyon kii halki dhalaan, drishyon koo samriddh havaa detee haye joe shayed hii kabhi mahaan burf-pahaadon key aadhar parr paaee jaati haye. aksar aur samlaingik dikhane vaale gaanv, badam key jangal, akhrot key pedon kii gaanthen, peele-chatte vaale makke key badey khet, alishan belein aur bageeche, kaa aakarshan haye joe dakshini prakriti kaa sahaj anugrah aur rung hamesha adhik aarakshit aur shaant uttar key mool nivasi parr prayog kartaa haye. adamelo shrinkhala key oobad-khabad grenite seey taaja inn naram paridrishyon dwara pesh kiye gaye vipareet drishyon kii tulanaa mein koee aur achaanak aur adhik swaagat yogya naheen hoe sakata haye.
vinamra dolomytic vaastaviktaa key bavjood, pahale kissy ney bhee giudikari ghaatiyon mein pravesh naheen kiya thaa, jisane itna kuchh prakat kiya thaa. unhone aage key prishthon koo parichit wall rendena koo samarpit kiya.
sadak, ack lakadi kii pahaadi parr pahale uchch parr ghumaavdaar, oopari ghaati kaa ack aakarshak drishya pinzolo taka kii kamaan sambhaalati haye. baag aur makai key khet teji seey aaney vaale bastiyon koo alag karate hain, jinamen seey pratyek apane padosi koo alag kartaa haye. iss desh mein nirmaan kii vidhi vishisht haye. kewal nichali manjilen, jisamen rahane key kamare hain, patthar seey baney hain; unaki divaaron key oopar seey badee seedhi kiranen nikalati hain joe ack atyadhik chaudi chhat kaa samarthan karati hain. beemon key beach kii jagahen bharee naheen jaati hain, aur poori imarat mein bahut badey paimaane parr shuru honey aur asthaayi roop seey puuraa honey aur chhat honey kii havaa haye.oopar kii badee kothri kaa upayog lakadi, ghaas, makai aur sabhi prakaar key jwalansheel sookhe saman key bhandaran key liye kiya jaataa haye. chhat bhee lakadi kii honey key kaaran, bijli koo poore dravyamaan koo aag mein daalane key liye paryaapt aasaan lagata haye, aur iss kaaran seey utpann honey vaali aag aam ghatana haye.
yeye panktiyaan ack aisee rendena koo yaad karati hain joe abb maujood naheen haye, lekin way abhee bhee una logon koo sikha sakati hain joe pahaadon key baare mein bhavuk hain aur joe kuchh bhee avashesh abhee bhee samay yaa manushya key haath seey achhoot haye usey khoj curr sanrakshit curr sakate hain.
hamaare neeche well dee 'algon kaa chikna star hotaa haye; ack taraf ack badey dolomite kaa nange, fatey hue aur pareshan chehare koo gulab kiya gayaa, joe nichale katakon seey ghiraa huaa haye, lekin harey rung mein pahane hue haye jahan bhee pedh yaa jadee-bootiyaan jadein jamaa sakati hain. dakshin kii or sarka seey parey door kii pahaadiyaan italvi dhoop kii chamak key madhyam seey baingani aur neele rung key star mein laharaati theen. motee pulis key madhyam seey ack chhota zigzag hamein ghaas key maidanon mein leey gayaa. unake beach mein ack badee ekal imarat ack kaanch kaa karkhana haye. iss bindu parr ack achchi kaar-sadak shuru hoti haye, joe neeche kii or shaakhaon seey yaa tou teone yaa stanico kii or leey jaati haye. <bee. aar.>
ghaati mein ack modd key peechhe dekhane key liye jald hii oonche dolomite khou gaye, aur sadak sir hilaane vaale cyclamens, bolled chattanon aur sabse hurry pahaadiyon key beach ack gahari aur sankeern chamak seey neeche gir gaee.
kangchenjunga key aspas apane abhiyaanon key baad taaza kshetra ney zongri key baare mein likhaah
achaanak aap burf key pahaad kii upasthiti mein hain jaba taka kii way vaastav mein vaisa hii naa houn jaisa way dekhate hain, dekhane key pahale aashcharyachakit kshan mein, bhaari shakti aur durbhavana kii aatmaon kaa avtaar. aapke neeche pragu chuu ghaati haye; aapke saamane doosari taraf, pahaadon kii lambi rekha-bhayaanak grenite key shikharon kaa ack anukram, neeche bhaag rhaa haye, ack aur sabhi itane khade aur dantedar hain kii aisaa lagata haye jaise koee burf kabhi bhee unake kinaaron seey chipak naheen sakati haye. unhein havaaon dwara darr seey khoja gayaa haye joe jhurriyon key bahaav key maarg koo chihnit karati hain aur sabhi nishan aur rekhaaen pahaadon koo ack udas, ghise hue chehare kii tarah ack aseem roop seey prafullit aur avamoolyan abhivyakti dete hue neeche kii or daudati hain.

