karyakari (sarkaar)

karyapalika, jise karyapalika shakha yaa karyapalika shakti key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, vaha shabd haye jiska upayog aamtaur parr sarkaar key usa hisse kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye joe kaanoon koo lagu kartaa haye, aur raajya key shasson key liye samagr jimmedaari rakhta haye.
kaary.
karyakari shakti kaa daira usa raajneetik sandarbh key aadhar parr bahut bhinn hotaa haye jisamen yeh ubharata haye, aur yeh kissy diye gaye desh mein samay key saath badal sakata haye. loktaantrik deshon mein, karyapalika aksar rashtriya rajneeti parr vyaapak prabhaav daalati haye, halanki seemaaen aksar karyapalika parr lagu hoti hain.
satta key prithakkaran parr adharit raajneetik pranaliyon mein, jaise kii america, sarkari pradhikaran koo kaee shaakhaon key beach vitarit kiya jaataa haye taaki ack vyakti yaa samooh key haathon mein satta kendrit naa hoe. ise praapt karane key liye, pratyek shakha anya dou dwara jaanch key adheen haye; samanya roop seey, vidhaayika kii bhoomika kaanoonon koo paarit karna haye, jinhen phir karyapalika dwara lagu kiya jaataa haye, aur nyaypalika dwara vyakhya kii jaati haye. karyapalika kuchh prakaar key kaanoon kaa srot bhee hoe sakati haye, jaise kii ack decree yaa karyakari adesh.
joe shaktiyon key sanlayan kaa upayog karate hain, aamtaur parr sansadiya pranaliyon mein, karyakari sarkaar banaata haye, aur isake sadasya aam taur parr usa raajneetik dall seey sambandhit hotey hain joe vidhaayika yaa "sansad" koo niyantrit kartaa haye. choonki karyapalika koo vidhaayika key samarthan yaa anumodan kii aavashyakta hoti haye, isaliye donon nikaay swatantra honey key bajaay ack saath "fuse" kiye jaate hain. sansadiya samprabhuta key siddhant kaa arth haye kii karyapalika key paas poori tarah seey vidhaayika dwara pradaan kii gaee shaktiyan hain, joe isake karyon koo nyaayik sameeksha key adheen bhee curr sakati hain. haalaanki, karyapalika key paas aksar sarkari naukarshahi key niyantran seey upaji vyaapak shaktiyaan hoti hain, vishesh roop seey samagr aarthik yaa videsh neeti key kshetron mein.
mantri.
sansadiya pranaliyon mein, karyapalika nirvaachit vidhaayika key liye jimmedaar hoti haye, i.ee. vidhaayika kaa vishvaas banaae rakhna chaahiye (yaa iska ack hissa, yadi dwisadaniya haye). kuchh paristhitiyon mein (raajya key anusaar alag-alag), vidhaayika karyapalika mein apane vishvaas kii kamee koo vyakt curr sakati haye, joe yaa tou shaasi dall yaa dalon key samooh yaa aam chunaav mein parivartan kaa kaaran banati haye. sansadiya pranaliyon mein sarkaar kaa ack pramukh hotaa haye (joe karyapalika kaa netritva kartaa haye, jise aksar mantri kahaa jaataa haye) joe aam taur parr raajya key pramukh seey alag hotaa haye (joe sarkari aur chunavi parivartanon key madhyam seey jaari rahata haye). westminster prakaar kii sansadiya pranali mein, shaktiyon key prithakkaran kaa siddhant kuchh anya kii tarah majboot naheen haye. karyapalika key sadasya (mantri) bhee vidhaayika key sadasya hotey hain, aur isaliye kaanoon key lekhan aur pravartan donon mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaate hain. rashtrapati pranali mein, sarkaar kaa pratyaksh roop seey nirvaachit pramukh mantriyon kii niyukti kartaa haye. mantri seedhe matdaataon dwara chune jaa sakate hain.
iss sandarbh mein, karyapalika mein ack netaa yaa ack karyalaya yaa kaee karyalayon kaa netaa hotaa haye. vishesh roop seey, karyakari shakha kii sheersh netritva bhoomikaon mein shamil hoe sakate hainh
rashtrapati aur mantri.
rashtrapati pranali mein, karyapalika kaa netaa raajya aur sarkaar donon kaa pramukh hotaa haye.
sansadiya pranali mein, vidhaayika key liye jimmedaar ack cabinet mantri sarkaar kaa pramukh hotaa haye, jabaki raajya kaa pramukh aamtaur parr ack badey paimaane parr aupchaarik samrat yaa rashtrapati hotaa haye.

