
jey. bler seaborne

james blair seaborn (18 march, 1924-11 navambar, 2019) ack kanadai rajanyik aur sivil sevak they jinhen viyatnam yuddh key sambandh mein 1964-1965 key samudri mission key liye aur 1990 key dashak key "samudri panel" kaa netritva karane key liye sabse achchi tarah seey yaad kiya jaataa thaa, jisane kanada mein paramanu kachare key niptan key vishay kii jaanch kii thee. seaborn antatah kanada key sabhi aaee. see. see. pratinidhiyon mein sabse prasiddh bunn gayaa, lekin kanadai itihaaskaar victor levent ney nott kiya kii "unhone apane kartavya key daure key lambe samay baad taka yeh kukhyaati praapt naheen kii thee."samudri mission ack vivadaspad vishay haye jisake uddeshya aur naitikta key prati raay teji seey vibhajit haye.
praarambhik jeevan aur currier.
seaborn kaa janm torrento, ontario mein huaa thaa, joe aadaraniya richard seaborn aur muriel seaborn kaa betaa thaa. unake pitaa sent mein rector they. cyprion kaa anglican church, aur unake aathh bhaai-bahan they. jaba way chhah varsh key they, taba unake pitaa kii mrityu hoe gaee aur unaki maan ney unhein paadari kii pension parr paalaa. ack utkrisht chhaatr, unhein dirkson chhatravritti seey sammaanit kiya gayaa, jisane unhein apane parivaar kii garibi key bavjood vishvavidyalaya mein jaane kii anumati dee. torrento vishvavidyalaya key schools seey snaatak honey key baad, unhone 1941 mein torrento vishvavidyalaya mein trinity college mein pravesh kiya, lekin 1943 mein jaba way kanadai senaa mein shamil hue tou unhone apani padhaai chhod dee. samudri yuddh ney apani sainya seva koo apana "khaaki avkash" kahaa kyonki unhone shaahi kanadai topkhaane mein seva kii thee. kanada aur britten mein prashikshan key baad, seaborn kii resiment ney 1945 key vasant mein neetherland kii mukti mein bhaag liya.
kanadai senaa mein seva karane key baad, unhone 1946 mein vighatan kiya. unhein 1948 mein torrento vishvavidyalaya mein trinity college mein rajneeti vigyaan aur itihas mein ma seey sammaanit kiya gayaa. snaatak honey key baad, seaborn ney 1948 mein videsh mamalon key vibhaag mein pravesh kiya aur hegg, peris, mosco aur saigan mein rajanyik key roop mein kaary kiya. paaramparik roop seey, kanadai rajanyik dall chhota thaa, kyonki british videsh karyalaya videsh mein kanada kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa, aur kanada landan aur anya rashtramandal rajdhaniyon aur washington, peris aur mosco mein dutaavaason mein kewal uchch aayogon kaa rakharkhaav kartaa thaa. lagaatar kanadai pradhaanmantriyon koo laagat bachat upaay key roop mein kanada kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale british rajnayikon seey santushti thee. pradhaan mantri villium leone mckenzie king key baad, jinhone ack ardh-algavvadi videsh neeti kaa samarthan kiya, 1948 mein sevaanivritt hue, unake uttaradhikari, luis sent. laurent, videsh mamalon key vibhaag key vistaar parr raajaa dwara kiye gaye kharch seey kaheen adhik paisa kharch karane key liye taiyar thaa.
1948 key baad key varsh kanadai rajanyik core key liye teji seey vikas key varsh they. laurent key videsh mantri, lester nashpati, key paas duniya mein ack badee bhoomika nibhaane vaale kanadai logon kii ack bahut hii mahatvakankshi drishti thee. rajanyik dall ack abhijaat varg samooh bunn gayaa, jaisa kii ack rajanyik ney kahaah "yeh uchit rashtriya prishthabhoomi aur upayukt paristhitiyon vaale ullekhaniya purushon kaa sanyojan haye jisane prabhaavi madhyam shakti key liye banaaya haye."thheek isaliye kii kanada ack mahaan shakti naheen thee, rajanyik core koo videshon mein kanadai hiton koo badhaava dene key liye vishesh roop seey prabhaavi rajnayikon kii aavashyakta thee, jisase abhijaatya varg parr jore diyaa gayaa. iss kaaran seey, kanadai rajnayikon koo aksar "mandarin" kahaa jaataa thaa."seaborn ney badhate rajanyik dall mein utkrishtata praapt kii aur hegg mein dutawas mein teesare sachiv, peris mein dutawas mein pahale sachiv aur masco mein dutawas mein salaahkaar key roop mein kaary kiya. 1950 mein, unhone caroll tro seey shaadi kii aur unake dou bachche theh geophrey aur virginia.
masco mein apane samay key dauran, seaborn ney curnell oleg penkovsky koo aur unase gupt sandesh diye, joe gru (soviyat sainya khufiya) mein ack varishth adhikaari they, jinhone british aim. aaee. 6 aur americi see. aaee. aeye. key liye ack jasus key roop mein kaam kiya thaa. penkovsky key vipareet, jise kgb dwara usaki giraftari key baad maar diyaa gayaa thaa, samudri shishuon koo rajanyik pratiraksha praapt thee aur isaliye way kabhi bhee khatare mein naheen they. aggar see. aaee. aeye. aur aim. aaee. 6 key liye unake kaam kaa khulasa kiya jaataa tou unake saath joe buraa hoe sakata thaa, vaha thaa soviyat sangh dwara "gair-avaanchhit vyakti" ghoshit kiya jaanaa aur nishkaasit kiya jaanaa. penkovsky key saath cia key liye unaki sahaayata, joe kii 1961-1962 mein soviyat sangh mein sheersh anglo-americi jasus they, ney unhein washington mein kaee logon kaa vishvaas dilaaya.
antarrashtriya niyantran aayog aur samudri mission.
seaborn ney antarrashtriya niyantran aayog (aaee. see. see.) mein kanadai aayukt key roop mein kaary kiya, jiska gathan 1954 key geneva samjhauton kii nigrani key liye kiya gayaa thaa. aaee. see. see. mein kanada, bhaarat, polland key rajanyik aur adhikaari they. way soviyat videsh mantri aur british videsh sachiv koo ack vaarshik report prastut karane vaale they kii uttar viyatnam aur dakshin viyatnam kitni achchi tarah seey geneva samjhaute kaa nireekshan curr rahey they. jaba 1954 mein aaee. see. see. kii sthaapana kii gaee thee, tou yeh maanaa jaataa thaa kii yeh kewal dou saal taka chalega kyonki 1956 mein viyatnam koo phir seey ekjut karane key liye chunaav aayojit kiye jaayenge, lekin choonki way kabhi aayojit naheen kiye gaye they, isaliye aaee. see. see. 1973 taka chalaa. apane nigrani kartavyon key hisse key roop mein, aaee. see. see. key bhaaratiya, polish aur kanadai pratinidhi uttar aur dakshin viyatnam mein kaheen bhee jaane aur donon shasson key adhikaariyon seey baat karane key hakdar they. jisase ayukton koo donon pratidvandi viyatnami shasanon key netaaon taka ack anoothi pahunch millie. samudri nivasi viyatnami naheen bolate they, lekin way francisi mein dharapravah they, joe viyatnam key donon hisson mein shikshit logon dwara bolly jaane vaali aupaniveshik bhasha thee, jisane unhein donon pakshon key adhikaariyon key saath anaupchaarik sampark karane mein saksham banaaya.
1964 mein kanada key videsh mantri paul martin aiss. aar. way kanadai "sabse kushal rajnayikon mein seey ack" key roop mein jaane jaate hain."seaborn saigan mein rahata thaa aur dakshin viyatnam mein americi rajdoot heinry cabot lodge junier key saath apani dosti koo navinikrit karane aaya thaa., jinhen way 1950 key dashak seey jaanate they, jaba lodge sanyukt rashtra mein americi rajdoot they. lodge ney hamein raajya key sachiv deane rusk koo salah dee kii samudri shishu, dou vietname mein kaheen bhee jaane kii kshamata aur apane dharapravah french key saath, uttar vietname key liye aadarsh doot hoga. americi rashtrapati lindon johnson ney seaborn koo hoe chee minh key liye apana "back channel" chunaa. johnson ney nashpati seey safaltapurvak anurodh kiya, joe aprail 1963 mein pradhaan mantri baney they, seaborn koo apane "back channel" key roop mein upayog karane kii anumati dee."30 aprail, 1964 koo, rusk ney martin aur nashpati key saath johnson key doot key roop mein seaborn kaa upayog karane kii yojana parr charcha karane key liye ottawa kaa daura kiya. 28 maee 1964 koo, nashpati ney sanyukt rashtra mahasabha key samaksh bhaashan dene key liye newyork kaa daura kiya, aur usee newyork yatra key dauran, nashpati ney johnson seey mulakat kii, taaki way americi operation bekan koo apani manjuri dey sakein. hoe chee minh koo paschimi logon seey bahut napsand thaa, aur samudri shishuon koo unase milane kii anumati kabhi naheen dee gaee thee.
usee samay, aaee. see. see. key polish aayukt, meekzislav maneli, yuddh koo samaapt karane kaa ack tarika khojane key liye ack "back channel" key roop mein bhee kaam curr rahey they aur unhein hoe chee minn seey milane kii anumati dene key samudri anubhav parr atirikt laabh thaa. lodge maneli key sampark mein thaa, jisase usey italvi rajdoot, jiyovanni dee 'orlandi key madhyam seey parichit karaaya gayaa thaa, lekin maneli key bajaay seaborn kaa upayog karna pasand kiya, jise vaha kuchh samay seey jaanata thaa, jise vaha achchi tarah seey naheen jaanata thaa. maneli koo lodge pasand naheen thaa, unhone boston brahmin lodge key ashleel vyavhaar koo bund curr diyaa, aur baad mein kahaa kii lodge sabse ghamandi purushon mein seey ack thaa jinase vaha kabhi milaa thaa.
maneli 1968 mein sanyukt raajya america chaley gaye aur 1971 mein unhone ack pustak "dha warr off dha vanquished" prakaashit kii, jisamen aaee. see. see. parr unake anubhavon kaa varnan kiya gayaa. unhone likhaa kii samudri aur baaki kanadai pratinidhimandal bahut americi samarthak they, lekin vaha aaee. see. see. koo kaam karane key prayaas mein isake "wafadar sahyog" seey "prabhaavit" they. aaee. see. see. key niyamon key anusaar adhyaksh koo bhaaratiya honah aavashyak thaa, aur samudri nivasi aksar bhaaratiya pratinidhimandal key saath bhidate they, jinn parr unhone uttar viyatnam aur dakshin viyatnam key khilaf bahut pakshapaati honey kaa aarop lagaaya thaa.  
1964 aur 1965 mein, seaborn usa mein shamil thaa jise itihaskaron ney "seaborn mission" kahaa haye, joe shuttle kootneeti key madhyam seey viyatnam yuddh koo samaapt karane kaa ack kanadai prayaas thaa. samudri shishu baar-baar washington seey hanoi taka aage-peechhe udate rahey. seaborn washington aur hanoi key beach sandesh dene key liye thaa, lekin usey ottawa key liye jimmedaar banaaya gayaa thaa, jise una sandeshon koo sanshodhit karane kaa bhee adhikaar thaa jinhen usey leey jaane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. hanoi key liye ravaana honey seey pahale, seaborn koo villium aich dwara jaankaari dee gaee thee. sullivan, asia key liye raajya key sahayak sachiv, villium bundy key ack sahayogi, uttar viyatnam mein americi uddeshyon parr. seaborn kaa uddeshya uttar viyatnam mein janmat kii sthiti kaa aaklan karna thaa aur yeh dekhana thaa kii kyaa yeh yuddh seey thakaa huaa thaa joe anivarya roop seey 1945 seey nirantar thaa. vaha uttar viyatnam parr sino-soviyat vibhajan key prabhaavon kaa aaklan karane aur yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye bhee thaa kii kyaa hoe chean yaa soviyat sangh kaa paksh letaa haye. anta mein, seaborn koo yeh aaklan karna thaa kii kyaa uttar viyatnami polit beuro key bheetar koee vibhajan thaa. samudri shishu videsh mein ack kharaab air france stratoliner key saath uttari viyatnam mein udaan bhar gayaa, jisake dou pilots koo naukari parr shampen peene kii khatarnak aadat thee.  
18 juuna 1964 koo, seaborn, johnson key arabon americi aarthik sahaayata aur uttar viyatnam kii rajanyik maanyata kaa vaadaa karane key saath, dakshin viyatnam kii sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane key apane prayason koo samaapt karane key liye, hanoi mein pradhaanmantri seey milane key liye pahunche. seaborn ney yeh bhee chetavani dee kii johnson ney unhein bataaya thaa kii aggar prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa jaataa haye tou vaha uttar viyatnam key khilaf ack ranneetik bambari abhiyaan parr vichaar curr rahey they. seaborn ney kahaa kii uttari viyatnam koo americi bambari seey "sabse badee tabahi" kaa saamana karna padegaa aur johnson key paas uttar viyatnam koo banjar bhoomi mein badalane kii shakti aur ichcha donon theen. dong ney seaborn koo bataaya kii americi shartein asweekarya theen aur unhone sheet yuddh mein tatasth honey key liye dakshin viyatnam, dakshin viyatnam koo americi sahaayata key anta kii maang kii, aur rashtriya mukti morcha (jise behtar roop seey viet kaang key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) koo saigan mein ack gathbandhan sarkaar mein bhaag lene kii anumati dee. dong ney seaborn koo bataaya kii unakaa rashtra sanyukt raajya key saath yuddh naheen chaahata thaah "hamaare loga joe bhee balidan honge unhein sweekaar karenge. lekin dee. aar. vee. [viyatnam kaa loktaantrik ganarajya] yuddh mein pravesh naheen karega... humm yuu koo ukasaane vaale naheen hain.aiss."uttari viyatnami samudri shishuon koo tatasth naheen maanate they aur unhein ack americi jasus key karib maanate they. francisi mein bolate hue, dong ney samudri yuddh koo apani sarkaar key liye "daram, rashtriya, shaukeen" bataaya. baad mein, seaborn ney martin koo bataaya, "humm iss star parr netritva key bheetar yuddh kii thakan yaa gutbaji parr bharosa karane key liye murkhtapurna honge... uttar viyatnam koo america key saath awas taka pahunchane key avsar parr koodane key liye." 
13 agast, 1964 koo, samudri shishu phir seey milane key liye hanoi laut aae. johnson ney seaborn koo joe sandesh dene key liye kahaa thaa, vaha otova mein bahut bhadkaau mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa, aur mandarins ney kuchh blunter maargon koo hataa diyaa thaa, lekin seaborn dwara diyaa gayaa sandesh aatma key prati wafadar thaa, lekin usa samagri key prati naheen jisamen johnson ney ise taiyar kiya thaa. seaborn ney dong koo bataaya kii johnson key saath haal kii baithakon ney seaborn koo yeh samajhaaya kii johnson una shaktiyon kaa gambhirta seey upayog curr rhaa thaa joe usane yuddh mein jaane key liye tunkin samadhan kii khaadi seey praapt kii thee, lekin seaborn ney yeh bhee kahaa kii johnson "aarthik aur anya laabh" kii peshkash karane key liye taiyar thaa yadi kewal uttar viyatnam dakshin viyatnam kii sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane kii koshish karna bund curr dega. seaborn ney aage kahaa kii johnson ney unhein bataaya thaa kii aggar uttar viyatnam apane "vartamaan pathyakram" parr jaari rhaa tou usey "parinam bhugatane honge"."
dong ney iss prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa aur kahaa kii vaha ack saamyavaadi viyatnam key apane drishtikon koo chhodane kii bajaay yuddh koo "poore dakshin poorv asia" mein gherate hue dekhenge. dong ney sanyukt raajya america parr yuddh koo badhaane kaa aarop lagaaya aur seaborn seey kahaa kii uttar viyatnam kabhi haar naheen maanega. seaborn kii report kii uttar viyatnami samjhauta karane mein ruchi naheen rakhate they, lekin apani antim jeet key baare mein aashvast they, johnson prashaasan koo yuddh mein americi bhagidari badhaane key paksh mein protsaahit karate they. disambar 1964 mein, samudri nivasi phir seey hanoi gaye, jahan way kewal kanishth adhikaariyon seey mille, kyonki uttar viyatnami logon ney unase baat karane mein ruchi khou dee thee. seaborn ney uttar viyatnam kii chhah yaatraaen keen aur yeh anishchit thaa kii kyaa unakaa uddeshya vaastav mein yuddh koo rokna thaa yaa kewal adhik americi bhagidari koo uchit thaharaana thaa.
13 farwari, 1965 koo, johnson ney uttar viyatnam key khilaf bambari abhiyaan kaa adesh dene key liye tunkin sankalp kii khaadi key tahat apani shaktiyon kaa upayog kiya. adhikansh report mein, bhaaratiya aur polish aaee. see. see. ayukton ney sanyukt raajya kii ninda kii, lekin seaborn ney, alpasankhyak report mein, tark diyaa kii uttar viyatnam dwara dakshin viyatnam koo ukhaad fenkane key prayason ney bambari key chhaapon koo maaf curr diyaa thaa. samudri shishu ney nashpati aur martin dwara johnson key virodhi honey key darr seey ack americi samarthak vyakhya lene kaa adesh diyaa thaa, lekin report ney samudri shishu key prati uttar viyatnami avishvaas koo aur badhaa diyaa. 2 aprail, 1965 koo mandir vishvavidyalaya mein ack bhaashan mein nashpati ney sujhaav diyaa kii sanyukt raajya america koo uttari viyatnam kii bambari koo rokna chaahiye, jisase johnson krodhit hoe gaye, kyonki nashpati koo agale dinn apani asuvidha kaa pataa chalaa, jaba vaha camp david mein johnson seey milane gayaa thaa. apani yatra key dauran johnson ney nashpati parr chillaya aur adhikatam anadar key saath vyavhaar kiya. nashpati key bhaashan key parinamswarup, johnson kanada key prati avishvaas karane lagey aur samudri mission mein ruchi khou dee. amerikiyon ney apani viyatnam neeti key baare mein kanadai logon key saath jaankaari saajha karna bhee bund curr diyaa, jisake kaaran nashpati koo yeh mahsoos huaa kii samudri shishu koo sub kuchh jaane binaa baatchit karane kii koshish karane kii asambhav sthiti mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. juuna 1965 mein, johnson ney ack television press conference mein uttari viyatnam mein kanadai back channel kaa khulasa kiya aur jaba unhone khabar sunee tou unhone kahaa, "merey bhagwan! usane meraa aavaran udaa diyaa haye."
seaborn 15 navambar, 1965 key ank "mclance" patrika key aavaran parr "avar maine inn saigan" sheershak key tahat dikhaai diyaa. patrakaar terrence robertson ney likhaah "jabaki dou diggaj, sanyukt raajya america aur chean, kushti karate hain-yadi anaupchaarik roop seey-viyatnam key hatyaa key aadhar parr, ack 41 varsheeya kanadai, james blair seaborn, shaanti key liye ack nirashajanak, mahatvapurna sootra kii khoj mein donon morchon key peechhe chupchaap aage badhata haye... sabhi kroor hinsa key beach, kathor apmaanjanak bhasha aur yuddh kii karkash bhaunkane vaali aavaaz joe viyatnam koo prithvi parr sabse visfotak pareshani kaa sthaan banaati haye, ack aadami jise aap shayed bhool gaye hain (yadi aapane kabhi usake baare mein sunaa thaa) tou aadhikarik taur parr shaanti banaae rakhane kaa aarop lagaaya jaataa haye. vaha saigan mein hamara aadami haye, thodaa saa, chashma vaalaa, aur bhraamak roop seey kitabi dikhane vaalaa kanadai sivil sevak torrento seey james blair seaborn naam kaa haye. vaha iss tanaavpurna, unmaadi shahar mein rahata haye, joe itihas mein sabse mahatvapurna aghoshit yuddh kaa dakshini antim sthaan haye, joe kii abb taka kaa sabse poorna yuddh bunn sakata haye. iss burey sapane key mahaul mein, vaha abhee bhee vaha karane kaa vyarth prayaas curr rhaa haye joe vaha lagbhag athaarah maheene pahale karane key liye yahaan aaya thaa-uttar aur dakshin viyatnam key beach ack kagji shaanti banaae rakhna, jisaki ack baar kii ugra shatruta mein abb ack taraf laal chean (aur ack gungune roose) key beach ardh-takraav shamil haye, aur doosari taraf sanyukt raajya america (kuchh anichhuk sahyogiyon dwara samarthit)."
seaborn ney robertsone seey kahaah "yeh nirashajanak haye, yeh hoe sakata haye kii yadi yeh commission khadaa hoe sakata haye aur lambe samay taka intezar curr sakata haye tou yeh bhavishya mein ack saarthak bhoomika nibhaane mein saksham hoga... hamara kaary taba taiyar kiya gayaa thaa jaba yeh ack sthaaniya grihyuddh thaa isaliye humm aage badhate hain jaise kii yeh abhee bhee sach thaa. hamein usa bhayaanak takraav koo nazarandaj karna hoga joe badee shaktiyon ney usa parr adhiropit kiya haye. ack baar jaba hamaare paas saboot hoe jaataa haye tou humm ise uttar viyatnami sainya adhikaariyon key saath lete hain, unase yeh samajhaane key liye kahate hain kii soviyat sangh yaa laal chean mein baney hathiyar, udaaharan key liye, soviyat congress key haathon mein kaise gaye. yadi koee jawab naheen haye-aur aamtaur parr naheen haye-tou main uttar viyatnam dwara sangharsh viram key ullanghan key roop mein dakshin viyatnami shikayat darj kartaa huun. kabhi-kabhi humm teen aayukt sahmat naheen hotey hain, aur yeh pareshan karane vaalaa hoe sakata haye... aapako yaad rakhna hoga kii britten, france, soviyat sangh aur laal chean yuddhaviram parr sahmat hue, aaee. see. see. (jise kanada, polland aur bhaarat ney banaane key liye shuru kiya) kii sthaapana kii aur apane sanchaalan kharchon kaa bhugtan karane key liye jimmedaar hain. britten aur roose hamaare saha-adhyaksh hain. yuu.aiss. unhone hastakshar naheen kiye, vishesh roop seey ise pasand naheen kiya, lekin isake saath hii chaley gaye. tou abb hamaare paas ack aisee sthiti haye jisamen yeye sabhi ack hii shaktiyaan hain lekin humm iss baat koo nazarandaj karate hain kii humm maujood hain. soviyat sangh aur chean uttar viyatnam aur yuu. aiss. mein missile aur hathiyar bhejate hain.aiss. ack poori yuddh machine dakshin viyatnam mein bhejata haye."
rajanyik pratiraksha kaa anand lene key bavjood, samudri jeevon key paas saigan mein unake ghar kii chhat key baahar ugane vaalaa ack frangipani pedh thaa aur unhone robertsone koo bataaya kii isase chhat kaa drishya avaruddh hoe gayaa aur ack sniper key liye usey nishana banaana mushkil hoe gayaa. samudra mein rahane vaale apane bachchon aur patni koo bhee kanada mein unaki suraksha key darr seey rakhaa. seaborn ney saigan mein jeevan koo thakaau aur khatarnak donon key roop mein varnit kiya. seaborn ney bataaya kii kaise saigan pulis ney raat key curfue kaa ullanghan karate hue pakade gaye logon koo mauke parr hii maar daala aur kaise paschimi logon key beach lokpriya restaraan parr veat congress ney aksar bumm fenke. francisi dwara chhodi gaee kshaysheel telephone pranali aksar kaam naheen karati thee, aur garmi, aardrata aur barish key toofaan ney saigan mein dainik jeevan koo mushkil banaa diyaa thaa. adhikansh ladaai dakshin viyatnam key graameen kshetron mein hui, lekin saigan abhee bhee ack khatarnak shahar thaa. 1965 mein, viet kaang ney paschimi logon key beach lokpriya mekong nadee mein ack nadee nauka restaraan parr bambari kii, jisamen 44 loga maare gaye.
ottawa mein samasya nivaarak.
aaee. see. see. chhodane key baad, seaborn ottawa laut aae jahan way videsh mamalon mein purvi europeeya vibhaag key pramukh baney aur 1967 mein sudur purvi vibhaag kaa prabhaar sambhala. 1968 mein, michel sharp ney videsh mantri key roop mein martin kii jagah lii, aur unhone 1987 key ack sakshatkar mein yaad kiya kii videsh mamalon kaa vibhaag "achchi sthiti" mein thaa. marcel cadiaux, edger richi, clouse goldshlag, johnn jee key saath sharp listed seaborn. aich. hallstead aur james "see" teller "bahut saksham" rajnayikon kii ack team key roop mein joe unake liye kaam curr rahey they, jinamen seey kaee koo 1970 key dashak mein anya vibhagon seey haarne kaa khed thaa. 1969 mein, pradhaan mantri piyare trudeau ney chean key janvaadi ganarajya key saath rajanyik sambandh sthaapit karane key apane iraade kii ghoshana kii. sudur purvi vibhaag key pramukh key roop mein, samudri jeevon ney maee 1969 mein stockholm mein kanadai aur cheeni rajnayikon key beach shuru hui baatchit mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. octuber 1970 mein, kanada ney chean ganarajya sarkaar key saath rajanyik sambandh toda diye, kewal taiwan koo niyantrit kiya, aur chean kii mukhya bhoomi koo niyantrit karane vaali chean sarkaar koo chean kii vaidh sarkaar key roop mein maanyata dee.
rajanyik core seey sevaanivritt honey key baad, seaborn ney ottawa mein naukarshahi kii naukariyon kii shrinkhala mein kaam kiya. trudeau koo videsh mantralaya pasand naheen thaa, lekin unhone kuleen rajanyik dall kii prashansa kii aur sivil seva mein seva karane key liye kaee rajnayikon kii bharti kii. seaborn ney 1970 seey 1974 mein upabhokta aur corporate mamalon key vibhaag mein sahayak upa mantri key roop mein aur 1975 seey 1982 mein kanada mein paryaavaran mein upa mantri key roop mein kaary kiya. 1971 mein, panchbhuj patra prakaashit kiye gaye, aur "seaborn mission" pahali baar vyaapak dhyaan mein aaya aur kanada mein bahut vivaad paida kiya. 17 juuna, 1971 koo house off commons mein ack bahas key dauran, videsh mantri michel sharp koo "ack vistaarit yuddh kii dhamkiyon koo sahan karane vaale ack kaam karane vaale ladke" key roop mein kaam karane key aaropon seey samudri shishu kaa bachaav karna padaa aur yeh kii aaee. see. see. parr seva karane vaale kanadai logon ney tatasth tareeke seey kaam naheen kiya thaa, lekin unakaa rukh bahut hii americi samarthak thaa.
austriya mein janme kanadai patrakaar peater see. neuman ney 1971 mein samudri mission key baare mein likhaa, "iss tathya key baare mein kuchh vishesh roop seey apriya thaa kii badsurat dhokhe mein joe sanyukt raajya america key viyatnam yuddh koo badhaane kaa kaaran baney-jaisa kii iss garmi kii shuruat mein" newyork times "dwara duniya key saamane khulasa kiya gayaa thaa-kanada kii bhoomika ack americi sandeshvaahak ladke key roop mein kaary karna thaa. jey kaa panchbhuj kaa preshan. bler seaborn, taba antarrashtriya niyantran aayog parr hamara pratinidhi, uttar viyatnam mein bambari key hamalon kii apani dhamkiyon koo leey jaane key liye, bhale hii hamein tatasth maanaa jaataa thaa, ack ghatana mein sankshep mein bataata haye kii americi videsh mamalon mein hamari bahadur 'swatantra' mudra koo kitni gambhirta seey dekhate hain."neuman ney samudri nasl key rajnayikon koo" kanadai mandarin "kii sabhi badatar khamiyon koo pratibimbit karate hue dekhaa aur likhaa" puraane jamaane key mandarin dimag, joe bahut hii achche model mein seey ack haye, jise vaha abhee bhee hamaare videshi sambandhon key pattern koo nirdhaarit karane key liye dridh sankalp seey upayog kartaa haye. tees aur chaalees key dashak mein bunny yeh mansikta kuchh sanghiya vibhagon, vishesh roop seey videsh mamalon kii vichardhara aur takneekon donon parr haavi haye. yeh ack aisaa drishtikon haye joe ack aupaniveshik drishtikon koo darshaata haye, joe jaba yeh ghoshana kartaa haye kii yeh 'achche vishvaas' mein kaam curr rhaa haye, tou vaastav mein aagyakarita seey kaam curr rhaa haye aur thodaa adhik. buddhiman, saaf-suthare, gardan seey neeche taka mrit, gadbad karane kii british parampara seey gaharaai seey judey, yeye puraane jamaane key mandarin (aur apavaad hain) jeevan koo ack bauddhik girate abhyaas key roop mein dekhate hain. karuna key liye achche shishtachar koo pratisthaapit karate hue, donon pairon parr prakaash aur kissy bhee disha mein aage badhane key liye taiyar, way maanate hain kii jimmedaar saarvajanik vyakti kaa kartavya jokhim lene parr prabhaav koo rokna haye."
1974 mein apani sabse adhik bikane vaali pustak "snow jobb" mein, patrakaar charles pee. bee. teller ney sanyukt raajya america key liye ack "agent" honey kaa aarop lagaaya joe johnson kii or seey hoe koo daraane kaa prayaas curr rhaa thaa. apani 1986 kii pustak "shaant millijuli" mein, kanadai itihaaskaar victor levent ney mission seey sambandhit adhyaay kaa sheershak "jey" rakhaa. bler seabornh molok key liye corriboy."moloch pracheen phoenicia aur cannon mein poojaniya devta thaa, jisaki pooja mein maanav balidan kii maang kii gaee thee, vishesh roop seey una bachchon kii jinhen unake sammaan mein jeevit jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur sanyukt raajya america kii moloch seey tulanaa karane seey ack vichaar milata haye kii" "samudri mission key baare mein levent kitna mahsoos kartaa thaa."isake vipareet, kanadai itihaaskaar gregg donagi ney samudri garbh kaa bachaav kiya jise unhone" "anuchit aur galat" "aarop kahaa. donagi ney tark diyaa kii americi sarkaar koo uttar viyatnam kii sarkaar koo viyatnam yuddh parr apani raay spasht karane kaa adhikaar haye, jaisa kii seaborn ney kiya thaa. seaborn mission" key baare mein adhikansh vivaad johnson prashaasan dwara saarvajanik roop seey iss baat parr jore dene key kaaran huaa thaa kii usaki viyatnam mein yuddh kii koee yojana naheen thee, lekin iss beach usane samudri yuddh koo hanoi mein juuna 1964 mein dong koo ack sandesh diyaa taaki "sabse badee tabahi" kii chetavani dee jaa sakey joe uttar viyatnam kii americi bambari key parinamswarup hogi. tathya yeh haye kii 1964 mein johnson prashaasan key dohare khel kaa khulasa taba taka naheen huaa jaba taka kii 1971 mein leak hue panchbhuj patron ney iss bhavna koo badhaa diyaa kii johnson aur unake prashaasan mein anya americi logon key liye dohra they. johnson key doot key roop mein samudri janm, johnson key khilaf pratikriya key hisse key roop mein pakada jaanaa samaapt hoe gayaa.
samudri jeevon dwara kiye gaye kaee kartavyon mein seey, jise unhone sabse adhik anand liya, vaha kanada mein paryaavaran upa mantri key roop mein seva curr rhaa thaa. kaee kanadai cabinet mantri apane vibhagon koo achchi tarah seey naheen jaanate hain, yeh aksar naukarshahi upa mantri hotey hain joe apane vibhagon mein vaastavik netritva pradaan karate hain. paryaavaran kanada 1971 mein sthaapit ack nayaa sthaapit mantralaya thaa aur 1975 taka anubhavaheen netritva mein isaki sthaapana kii gaee thee, jisane 1975 mein vibhaag koo "thheek" karane key liye samudri shishuon koo bheja. kanada key paryaavaran mein sahayak upa mantri raymond robbinson ney yaad kiya kii "unake rajanyik kaushal kii bahut aavashyakta thee."samudri shishu, ack sakriya athlete aur baahari vyakti, jinhone lambi paidal yatra, skiing aur canoeing mein utkrishtata praapt kii, koo paryavaraniya muddon key liye ack junoon honey, dusaron kaa vishvaas praapt karane kii kshamata honey aur apane sahyogiyon koo prabhaavi dhang seey kaam karane key liye prerit karane key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. sarkaar key mukhya vigyaan salaahkaar art collin ney seaborn koo "ack buddhiman aur saumya netaa" kahaa, jinhone antatah paryaavaran kanada koo ack prabhaavi mantralaya key roop mein kaam karane key liye prerit kiya. donagi ney samudri shishu koo vinamra aur vinamra honey key roop mein varnit kiya, lekin yeh bahut dridh bhee thaa kyonki vaha paryaavaran koo isaki nishkriya pravrittiyon seey shuddh karane key liye nickle padey they.
seaborn ney 1982 seey 1985 taka antarrashtriya sanyukt aayog key adhyaksh key roop mein aur farwari 1985 seey maee 1989 taka niji parishad key khufiya aur suraksha samanvayak key roop mein kaary kiya. antarrashtriya sanyukt aayog ney kanada aur sanyukt raajya dwara saajha kiye gaye paani koo sambhala, aur sanyukt aayog parr seaborn kaa adhikansh samay mahaan jheelon parr pradooshan kii samasyaon dwara liya gayaa thaa. tathya yeh haye kii pradooshan kaa mulyankan karane key liye sanyukt aayog key apane visheshagya they, baad mein samudri jeevon dwara isaki safalata mein ack pramukh kaarak key roop mein upayog kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki unhone tark diyaa kii americi taba taka mahaan jheelon key pradooshan key baare mein kanadai shikayaton koo gambhirta seey naheen lete they jaba taka kii sanyukt aayog koo report karane vaale americi visheshagyon ney unaki pushti naheen kii thee. 1985 mein, air india flight 182 kii bambari parr bahut adhik aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa aur aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa kii shaahi kanadai ghudsavaar pulis (aar. aim. see. pee.) aur kanadai suraksha khufiya seva (see. aiss. aaee. aiss.) key beach naukarshahi pratidvandvita key kaaran bambari rokane mein viphalata hui thee, halanki sandigdhon kii nigrani aar. see. aim. pee. aur see. aiss. aaee. aiss. donon dwara kii gaee thee. see. aiss. aaee. aiss. kii sthaapana 1984 mein hui thee aur khufiya aur prati-khufiya kaary koo apane haath mein leey liya gayaa thaa joe paaramparik roop seey aar. see. aim. pee. dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jisane ack naukarshahi turf yuddh shuru kiya thaa, kyonki aar. see. aim. pee. ney abhee bhee kanada mein rahane vaale sikh algavvadiyon seey judey aatankvaadi sajish kii jaanch karane key apane adhikaar parr jore diyaa thaa. khufiya aur suraksha samanvayak key roop mein samudri shishuon kaa adhikansh samay aar. see. aim. pee. aur see. aiss. aaee. aiss. koo sahyog karane aur jaankaari saajha karane key vyarth prayason key saath liya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, farwari 1985 mein, seaborn khufiya salaahkaar samiti key adhyaksh baney, joe sanchaar suraksha pratishthaan, kanada kii hastakshar agency key kaam kaa nireekshan karati thee, aur pradhaan mantri bryan mulroni koo khufiya mamalon parr salah pradaan karati thee. apane anglican vishvaas koo darshaate hue, seaborn ney apana khaali samay uttaava mein anglican christ church cathedral key punarnirmaan mein madad karane key liye dhana jutaane key liye samarpit kiya, joe 1989 mein aag seey kshatigrast hoe gayaa thaa. march 1990 mein, seaborn teesari duniya mein paani kii kamee aur yuddh key beach sambandh kaa adhyayan karane key liye dou saal kii pariyojana mein shamil hoe gayaa. 
samudri panel.
1990 mein apani pratyaksh sevaanivritti key baad, unhone paramanu eendhan apashisht prabandhan parr paryaavaran mulyankan panel key adhyaksh key roop mein aathh saal taka kaary kiya. seaborn panel" kaa sabse mahatvapurna nishkarsh yeh thaa kii paramanu rector kii chhad koo dafnaya jaanaa takniki roop seey surakshit thaa lekin raajneetik roop seey vishaakt thaa kyonki "merey pichwade mein naheen" ney kanadai paramanu udyog kii rajneeti kaa margadarshan kiya haye.
ontario, quebeck aur nyu brunswick mein paramanu oorjaa sanyantra sambandhit praantiya sarkaaron key swaamitva mein hain, joe paramanu oorjaa udyog koo praanton kaa shaktishali samarthan detaa haye. praantiya swaamitva vaali panbijali companiyaan, vishesh roop seey ontario panbijali, dashakon seey engineeron key guton kaa prabhutva rahee hain, jinaki tulanaa "kissy prakaar key vishesh paramanu panth" seey kii gaee haye."bijli udyog key bheetar, paramanu oorjaa koo bijli paida karane key ack aakarshak bhavishya key tareeke key roop mein dekhaa gayaa, jisase jalvidyut jaise bijli utpaadan key anya roopon parr paramanu oorjaa key liye ack sansthaagat prathamikta millie, jise bijli paida karane key ack ubaau pichhade tareeke key roop mein dekhaa gayaa. kanadai vidwan genevieve fuji johnson ney 1970 key dashak mein likhaa thaa kii kanada mein paramanu shakti koo "atee-boleek shabdon" mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa aur ise "bhavishya kii chamakati praudyogiki" key roop mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa joe antaheen aarthik vikas koo shakti pradaan karegi. arab tail key sadame aur parinamswarup aarthik uthal-puthal ney kanada mein kaee neeti nirmaataon koo ashant madhya poorv seey tail ayaat parr nirbharta koo samaapt karane key liye paramanu oorjaa kaa paksh lene key liye majboor curr diyaa. paramanu apashisht key niptan kii samasya koo paramanu udyog dwara ack chhoti samasya key roop mein maanaa gayaa thaa, aur paramanu oorjaa udyog mein adhikaari aur engineer una logon key prati "apgharshak" they jinhone paramanu apashisht key niptan kaa sawal uthaaya thaa. aarthik tarksangatata key bajaay ahankar key karanon seey paramanu shakti parr nirnay lene key baad, engineeron kaa "paramanu panth" paramanu oorjaa mein antarnihit samasyaon key bavjood, bijli utpaadan key anya roopon parr paramanu oorjaa sanyantron key nirmaan parr badee raashi kharch karane mein safal rhaa. way mudde vaishvik star parr bijli udyog key liye aam hain, reports mein kahaa gayaa haye kii sanyukt raajya america mein bijli udyog mein isi tarah engineeron key ack "panth" kaa prabhutva haye joe adhik seey adhik paramanu oorjaa sanyantron kaa nirmaan karane key liye dridh haye. sanghiya sarkaar lambe samay seey kaindu reactor koo kanadai praudyogiki key pradarshan key roop mein badhaava denaa chaahati thee, lekin 20veen shatabdi mein, ekmatra videshi rashtra jisane kabhi kaindu rector khareede they, vaha 1978 mein romenia thaa. 1950 aur 1960 key dashak mein kaindu rector koo vikasit karane mein arabon kharch karane key baad, sanghiya sarkaar kaindu rector bechane key liye betaab thee aur isaliye kanada mein paramanu oorjaa sanyantron key nirmaan kii kissy bhee yojana koo manjuri dene key liye ichchuk thee jaba taka kii sanyantra kaindu rector kaa upayog karate they.
adhik paramanu oorjaa sanyantron kaa nirmaan karate hue maujooda koo banaae rakhane key liye paramanu apashisht key niptan key liye ack saadhan kii aavashyakta thee, ack aisaa prashn jise lagaatar sarkaaron dwara dashakon seey taal diyaa gayaa thaa, jisake kaaran 1989 mein "seaborn panel" kaa nirmaan huaa thaa. kanada limitted (aeye. ee. see. ell.) kii paramanu oorjaa, sanghiya sarkaar key swaamitva vaale crown corporation, ney "seaborn panel" koo kewal ack rubber stamp key roop mein dekhaa haye, joe pahali baar 1978 mein uttar mein ack gahari bhandaran suvidha banaane key liye, apani yojanaon koo aashirvaad dene key liye design kiya gayaa thaa aur chaahata thaa kii panel kaa preshan takniki prashnon taka seemit hoe. 1987 aur 1991 key beach, aeye. ee. see. ell. ney apashisht niptan yojanaon key paksh mein janmat koo prabhaavit karane key liye banaae gaye vigyapanon mein $4 million kanadai dollar kharch kiye. fuji johnson ney likhaa kii 1970,1980 aur 1990 key dashak mein apane saarvajanik uchcharanon mein aeye. ee. see. ell. ney aisaa bolane kii pravritti dikhaai jaise kii paramanu apashisht key niptan kaa sawal ack pramukh sawal honey key bajaay paramanu oorjaa udyog key liye ack apekshaakrit mamuli praasangik chinta thee. kanada ney 1946 mein paramanu oorjaa kaa utpaadan shuru kiya, lekin paramanu apashisht key bhandaran key liye koee sthaayi sthal kabhi naheen chunaa gayaa thaa, bahut cumm banaaya gayaa thaa. octuber 1989 mein panel key pramukh key roop mein seaborn koo niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, aur yeh ummeed kii jaa rahee thee kii vaha ack saal key bheetar ack report pesh karenge. 1980 key dashak key anta taka, paramanu apashisht koo sangraheet karane key liye ack sthaayi sthal kii kamee ack gambhir samasya bunn rahee thee, lekin anya sabhi kanadai sarkaaron kii tarah, mulroni sarkaar ack sthal chunkar matdaataon kaa virodh naheen karna chaahati thee aur isaliye samudra key avasheshon kaa panel banaaya taaki alokpriya nirnay liye jaa sakein joe sarkaar ney khud naheen karane kii himmat kii.
samudri panel key pahale satra 1990 mein aayojit kiye gaye they. paramanu oorjaa udyog shuru seey hii "samudri panel" key prati shatrutapurna thaa aur adhik paramanu oorjaa sanyantron key nirmaan key virodh key roop mein paramanu apashisht key niyojit niptan key virodh kaa sawal dekhaa. aaee. dee. 1. mein apane pahale satron mein "seaborn panel" dwara praapt likhit prastutiyon mein seey dou tihai ney kahaa kii paramanu apashisht niptan prashn koo ack saral vaigyaanik prashn key roop mein maanana iss mudde key baare mein anya raay koo haashiye parr daalane kaa prayaas thaa aur ack vyaapak dayare kii maang kii. samudri panel" koo 536 likhit prastutiyaan aur 531 gawah praapt hue. panel key samaksh apane prastutikaran mein, aeye. ee. see. ell. ney aupchaarik roop seey samudri jeevon seey paryaavaran, aarthik aur samajik chintaon koo mamuli vichaaron key roop mein maanane aur mukhya roop seey vaigyaanik prashnon key aspas sunavaai karane key liye kahaa, lekin samudri jeevon ney ise nazarandaj curr diyaa. aeye. ee. see. ell. kii apattiyon parr vaigyaanik sameeksha samooh ney seaborne koo sunavaai key samanantar sett kaa sanchaalan karane key roop mein soochit kiya, jaisa kii aeye. ee. see. ell. ney ichcha kii thee. seaborn panel koo ack anya prastuti mein, aeye. ee. see. ell. ney kahaa kii yeh paramanu udyog key prati "saarvajanik neeti" kii "anirnaya" seey "pareshan" thaa aur kahaa kii yeh pahale seey hii aayojit vaigyaanik shodh dwara "aashvast" kiya jaa chuka thaa kii isaki yojanaaen sahee theen.
samudri pind, "samudri pind panel" kii sunavaai key dauran, paramanu oorjaa udyog kii apattiyon parr vyaapak janata koo shamil karane parr jore diyaa, jisane unhein kewal vaigyaanikon, adhikaariyon aur engineeron seey paramarsh karane key liye prathamikta dee. samudri jeevon ney pratham rashtron key baind parishadon key pratinidhiyon, paryavaranvidon aur pahale seey hii paramanu apashisht koo sangraheet karane vaale samudaayon key sadasyon koo gawahi dene key liye aamantrit kiya. kaee church samoohon ney sunavaai seey pahale tark diyaa kii ack naitik pariprekshya utanaa hii mahatvapurna thaa jitna kii vaigyaanik aur aarthik drishtikon jaba kharch kiye gaye paramanu chhad aur anya paramanu kachare key niptan key sadhanon parr vichaar karane kii baat aatee haye. pratham rashtra samooh kanada key uttar mein kaheen gahare bhandaran suvidha mein paramanu apashisht fenkane kii sarkaar kii yojana kaa dridhata seey virodh curr rahey they. lease ney saarvajanik sunavaai likhi kii 1996-1997 mein aayojit seaborn ney paramanu apashisht key niptan parr nirnay lene key loktantrikaran kaa pratinidhitva kiya, kyonki seaborn mein janata shamil thee aur jore dekar kahaa kii aam kanadai logon kii raay utani hii mahatvapurna thee jitani visheshagyon kii. seaborn ney nishkarsh nikala kii paramanu apashisht niptan key "samajik" pahalu "takniki" pahaluon key samaan hii maanya they. samudri panel seey pahale, paramanu apashisht key baare mein nirnay lena gupt thaa, jisamen varishth naukarshah kewal vaigyaanikon, engineeron aur adhikaariyon seey paramarsh karate they. sunavaai key dauran, kaee aam loga samudri panel key saamane pahale seey gupt nirnay lene kii prakriya key saath-saath una praanton key kaaran honey vaale hiton key takraav key baare mein apani ashanka vyakt karane key liye dikhaai diye joe aanshik roop seey paramanu udyog koo viniyamit karane key prabhaari they aur crown corporation key malik they joe badale mein paramanu oorjaa sanyantron key swaamitva aur sanchaalan mein they. seaborn panel" mein bhaag lene vaale kaee aam logon ney iss tathya key baare mein bahut darr vyakt kiya kii kharch kii gaee paramanu chhad mein radiodharmita koo una staron taka pahunchane mein duss laakh seey adhik saal lugg jaate hain joe manushyon key liye surakshit hain, aur way aashcharyachakit they kii kyaa sarkaar kii yojanaaen chhad koo nikat uttar mein kaheen gahari bhandaran suvidha mein fenkana bhavishya kii peedhiyon parr samasya aur chhad seey nipatane kii laagat key bojh kaa ack tarika thaa. kaee logon ney yeh bhee ashanka vyakt kii kii kharch kii gaee chhad seey radiodharmita bhujal mein ris jaayegi aur anyatha sthaaniya paryaavaran koo nuksan pahunchaayegi.
jaise hii "samudri panel" kii sunavaai ney adhik paramanu-virodhi dhuna parr liya, sanghiya sarkaar ney pahale seey hii apane nishkarshon kaa khandan kiya. julaai 1996 mein, "radiodharmi apashisht key liye neetigat dhancha" jaari kiya gayaa thaa, lekin adhikansh bayaan 1995 mein likhaa gayaa thaa. yeh sanghiya aur praantiya sarkaaron key pratinidhiyon seey yukt ack samiti dwara likhaa gayaa thaa; aeye. ee. see. ell., ontario hydro, hydro-cubec aur nyu brunswick power; paramanu apashisht niptan companiyan; paramanu upkaran key nirmaata; aur ack lobby samooh, kanadai paramanu sangh. seaborn panel" seey pahale diye gaye adhikansh bayanon key vipareet, "radiodharmi apashisht key liye neetigat dhaanche" mein kahaa gayaa haye, "radiodharmi apashisht key muddon koo hull karane aur niptan kii disha mein prakriya seey paramanu vikalp koo oorjaa key srot key roop mein adhik sweekarya banaa diyaa jaayega aur kaindu reactor key grahakon koo aashvast kiya jaayega kii kanada mein kaindu reactor chakr seey apashisht key prabandhan key liye ack vaidh aur ekikrit drishtikon haye."uddeshya sarkaaron koo yeh kahane kii anumati denaa thaa kii way pahale seey hii" "samudri panel" "dwara uthaai gaee chintaon koo sambodhit curr rahee theen aur panel key apekshit nishkarshon key pahaluon kaa khandan karna thaa joe sarkaaron koo napsand karate they. 1997 mein, sanghiya sarkaar ney paramanu suraksha aur niyantran adhiniyam paarit kiya, 1967 key baad seey iss vishay parr paarit pahala kaanoon. paramanu suraksha aur niyantran adhiniyam mein adhikansh parivartan vishuddh roop seey cosmetic they, jaise kii paramanu oorjaa niyantran board kaa naam kanada key paramanu suraksha aayog mein badalana, aur adhiniyam kaa spasht uddeshya yeh prateet hotaa thaa kii sarkaar pahale seey hii paramanu suraksha key mudde parr aage badh rahee thee isase pahale kii samudri jahaaj ney apani report prastut kii thee. adhiniyam ney paramanu apashisht seey nipatane aur paramanu sanyantron key maalikon dwara bhugtan kii jaane vaali laagat koo cover karane key liye ack trust fund kii sthaapana key liye bhee nirdhaarit kiya, lekin yeh yeh samajhaane mein whiffle rhaa kii dhana kaa yogdan kaise kiya jaanaa thaa, aur vaastav mein koee trust fund sthaapit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
farwari 1998 kii seaborn kii report, jise jeane cratiane kii sarkaar koo "stabdh" karane key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, ney nishkarsh nikala kii "vyaapak saarvajanik samarthan" kii kamee thee aur kanada key nikat uttar mein paramanu apashisht koo dafanaane kii sarkaar kii yojanaon mein "sweekaryata kaa aavashyak star naheen thaa."report ney nishkarsh nikaalah" santulan parr, humm sochate hain kii upayog kiye gaye prastavakon key model paryaapt roop seey achchi tarah seey vikasit hain taaki yeh pradarshit kiya jaa sakey kii gahare bhoovaigyaanik niptan kii isaki avadharana kaa upayog ack site-vishisht suvidha koo design karane key liye ack aadhar key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye joe niyaamak aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane kii sambhavana haye. ack samanya samjhauta haye kii ack antim nishkarsh key liye site-vishisht detta aur pradarshan vishleshan kii aavashyakta hogi joe site-vishisht designs parr adharit hain."apane aspasht nishkarshon key bavjood, seaborn aur anya ayukton dwara likhi gaee report ney uttari ontario mein ack paramanu apashisht niptan sthal key liye ontario hydro aur aeye. ee. see. ell. dwara sanyukt roop seey prastut vishisht yojanaon koo aeye. ee. see. ell.-ontario hydro yojanaon key baare mein suraksha key aadhar parr kaee vaigyaanik aapattiyan karke khariz curr diyaa. kanadai rajneeti mein ack prabhaavshaali bull, arabon dollar kaa paramanu oorjaa udyog, "seaborne panel" key nishkarshon seey naraj thaa, jisamen ack paramanu engineer ney likhaa thaa kii "ack samajik drishtikon suraksha key liye praasangik naheen haye jaisa kii samanya roop seey paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye."yeye nishkarsh kii sarkaaron aur paramanu oorjaa udyog koo janata kii raay koo dhyaan mein rakhna thaa, lokpriya thaa, aur vaigyaanik villium leis ney likhaa kii" paramanu apashisht parr sanghiya sarkaar kii bees saal kii neeti kharaab haye."paramanu oorjaa udyog kii pratikriya samudri shishuon key nishkarshon koo galat tareeke seey prastut karane key liye thee kii apashisht niptan avadharana vaigyaanik aur paryaavaran kii drishti seey achchi thee aur yeh kii ekmatra samasya jansampark samasya thee kyonki kanadai logon koo galat jaankaari dee gaee thee. jisane seaborn key iss bayaan koo nazarandaj curr diyaa kii virodh "adhik sookshm thaa."isake jawab mein, cratian sarkaar ney disambar 1998 mein vidheyak pesh kiya joe 2002 kaa paramanu apashisht eendhan adhiniyam bunn gayaa. adhiniyam mein kahaa gayaah
paramanu apashisht eendhan adhiniyam ney iss sawal key liye samudri apashisht kii sifarish koo nazarandaj curr diyaa kii paramanu apashisht kaa suraksha niptan kaise kiya jaae joe ack baahari agency dwara kiya jaae kyonki isake bajaay ack swa-mulyankan paramanu oorjaa udyog dwara hii kiya jaataa haye. fuji johnson ney kanada kii sarkaar parr beiman honey kaa aarop lagaaya aur likhaa kii sanghiya aur praantiya sarkaaron dwara julaai 1996 mein aine. doubleu. aim. oh. kaa vaadaa karate hue jaari "radiodharmi apashisht key liye neetigat dhancha" mein kahaa gayaa haye kii yeh panel key nishkarshon kaa "anuman lagaata thaa", lekin baad mein, sarkaar ney kahaa kii aine. doubleu. aim. oh. koo 2002 mein "farwari 1998 kii panel kii report key jawab mein" banaaya gayaa thaa. northwatch, uttari ontario mein sthit ack paryavaranvadi samooh, ney cratian sarkaar parr aine. doubleu. aim. oh. key liye samudri sanrakshan kii sifarish koo paramanu udyog seey "haath kii lambai mein banaaya jaanaa" kii avahelana karane kaa aarop lagaaya aur daavaa kiya kii aine. doubleu. aim. oh. kii ghoshit swatantrata kaafee hudd taka farjee thee. northwatch ney yeh bhee bataaya kii aine. doubleu. aim. oh. kii pahali adhyaksh, elizabeth doudswell, antarrashtriya thermonuclear prayogaatmak reactor company key board kii poorv karyakari theen aur unhone aksar adhik paramanu oorjaa sanyantron key liye samarthan vyakt kiya thaa. northwatch ney tark diyaa kii vaha paramanu udyog seey usa tarah seey "swatantra" naheen thee jiss tarah seey seaborn ney sifarish kii thee.
americi vidwan bairi reb ney likhaa kii "seaborn panel" ney paramanu apashisht key baare mein kanadai nirnay lene kii sabhi samasyaon koo yeh dekhate hue sachitra kiya kii kanada koo apane pahale paramanu sanyantron kaa nirmaan karate hue ack sthaayi paramanu apashisht bhandaran sthal kaa nirmaan karna chaahiye thaa aur yeh kii "seaborn panel" koo pahale sthaan parr aavashyak naheen honah chaahiye thaa. rebe ney aage likhaa kii panel ney apane nishkarshon taka pahunchane mein lagbhag ack dashak kaa samay liya thaa "anivarya roop seey kanadai sarkaar koo nae sansthanon aur janata kaa vishvaas jeetane key liye design kii gaee ack vistaarit prakriya key saath shuru seey shuru karane kii salah dee thee."rebe ney likhaa kii kanada mein paramanu apashisht key niptan mein maulik samasya yeh haye kii koee bhee apane nivaas key paas ack sthaayi paramanu apashisht sthal yaa paramanu apashisht koo apane samudaayon key paas leey jaanaa naheen chaahata haye, lekin paramanu oorjaa sanyantron kaa nirmaan binaa paramanu apashisht key niptan kii samasya key kiya gayaa haye.
sevaanivritti.
anta mein 1998 mein sevaanivritt honey key baad, unhein 2000 mein order off kanada seey sammaanit kiya gayaa. 2010 mein, unhone patrakaar tonny blair koo "ottawa nagrik" key baare mein bataaya, mujhe iss sadee key anta taka jeene kii ummeed thee. maine isake liye koee taiyari naheen kii. main buss itna lamba jeene key liye huaa... main yuva doston seey kahata huun, '65 saal kii umr mein sevaanivritt mutt hoe jaao. aggar hoe sakey tou anshakaalik naukari karo.'" "2014 key ack raay lekh mein, rajanyik jeremi kinsman ney samudri mission koo usa prakaar kii kootneeti key ack udaaharan key roop mein soochibaddh kiya jiska kanada koo abhyaas karna chaahiye aur viyatnam yuddh koo samaapt karane key prayaas mein ack" "imandar dalal" "kii bhoomika nibhaane key prayaas kaa tark diyaa, bhale hii asafal rhaa hoe, phir bhee ack mahaan prayaas rhaa thaa. 2015 mein, seaborn ney media seey 14 disambar, 2014 koo hui ack ghatana key baare mein baat kii, jaba ack aparaadhi, jiska naam iaan busch thaa, teen hatyaon key liye vaanchhit thaa, apane 101 varsheeya padosi, ernest coat key ghar mein ghus gayaa, aur usake sir key chaaron or ack plastic bagg baandh diyaah "usake paas yeh mahsoos karane key liye buddhi thee kii aggar vaha jeevit rahane jaa rhaa thaa tou usey apane sir seey bahut buraa bagg nikaalana thaa. vaha farsh key paar renga jahaan usey pataa thaa kii kuchh kainchi haye aur usane cheez koo kaat diyaa."
2019 mein, ack girane seey buri tarah seey ghayal samudri shishu, jisaki 11 navambar koo mrityu hoe gaee. ingland key church key ack bhakt sadasya, unaki antim sanskar seva ottawa mein anglican christ church cathedral mein aayojit kii gaee thee.