
gujaraat mein baavadi kaa itihas

baavadi aise kuein hain jinamen paani koo seedhiyon seey pahuncha jaataa haye. way aamtaur parr paschimi bhaarat mein paae jaate hain, vishesh roop seey gujaraat mein, jahan aise 120 seey adhik kuein paae jaate hain. iss baavadi kii utpatti kaa pataa indus ghaati sabhyata key shaharon jaise dholavira aur mohenjo-daaro key jalashayon seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye. gujaraat key dakshin paschimi kshetra mein lagbhag 600 esvi mein baavadi kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan seey way uttar seey rajsthan aur baad mein uttar aur paschim bhaarat mein fail gaye. chalukya aur waghela kaal key dauran dasavin seey 13veen shatabdi key dauran nirmaan gatividhiyon mein teji aaee. inn baavadi key nirmaan kaa kaary 11veen seey 16veen shatabdi key dauran apane charam parr pahunch gayaa. 13veen seey 16veen shatabdi key musalman shasakon ney inn baavadiyon mein prachalit sanskriti koo baadhit naheen kiya aur baavadiyon key nirmaan koo protsaahit kiya. 19veen shatabdi mein paani key pampon aur pipe-pranaliyon kii shuruat key kaaran kuon kaa mahatva cumm hoe gayaa.
pracheen kaal.
hoe sakata haye kii sookhe key dauran paani sunishchit karane key liye seedhidaar kuein kii utpatti hui hoe. vedon key samay seey paani koo pavitra maanaa jaataa haye aur kritrim roop seey nirmit jalashayon mein jall star taka pahunchane key liye kadam bhaaratiya ghaati sabhyata key sthalon jaise dholavira aur mohenjo-daaro mein paae jaa sakate hain.
doosari-10veen shatabdi.
seedhiyon seey pahuncha gayaa snan jaisa talab kaa sabse pahala udaaharan junagarh kii uparkot gufaaon mein paaya jaataa haye. yeye gufaayen chauthi shatabdi kii hain. sameep mein golakar seedhiyon vaalaa ack kuaan, navghan kuvo, ack aur udaaharan haye. yeh sambhavatah paschimi satrap (200-400 ad) yaa maitrak (600-700 ad) avadhi mein banaaya gayaa thaa, halanki kuchh logon ney ise 11veen shatabdi key anta mein banaaya thaa. paas key aadi kaadi vaav kaa nirmaan yaa tou 10veen shatabdi key uttaraardh yaa 15veen shatabdi mein kiya gayaa haye.
sabse pahale seedhidaar kuein gujaraat key rajkot jile mein dhaank mein paae jaate hain; way poorv-chalukya kaal key hain. elech pahaadiyon mein bochaavadi ness key paas paas kaa bochaavadi baavadi, dhaank mein dou anya baavadi kii tulanaa mein thodaa pahale haye. yeye 600 esvi key samay key jhilaani baavadi aur unaki shaastra shally vastukala key aadhar parr saatvin shatabdi kii shuruat key samay key manjushree baavadi hain.
10veen-12veen shatabdi.
kalaatmak vastukala key roop mein baavadi chalukya kaal key dauran shuru hui. modhera soorya mandir key "kund" key paschim mein sthit baavadi 11veen shatabdi kii hoe sakati haye jabaki jameen key oopar "mandap" 10veen shatabdi kaa haye. paatan kii raani kii vaav (raani kaa baavadi) kaa nirmaan 1050 esvi key aspas kiya gayaa thaa. ahmadabad mein dawad mein ankol maataa baavadi aur maataa bhawani kaa baavadi 11veen shatabdi kii teesari timahi kaa thaa.
kaee baavadi chaulukya shaasak jaisingh siddharaj kii maan minaldevi key liye hain. viramgam mein jheel aur nadia mein ack baavadi usake liye jimmedaar haye. sabarkantha jile key ballage gaanv mein meenal baavadi kaa shreya unhein diyaa jaataa haye aur ise 1095 esvi (samvat 1152) mein banaaya gayaa thaa. rajkot jile key virpur mein ack aur minaldevi vaav bhee unake liye jimmedaar haye aur chalukya vastukala key saath shaileegat lagaav haye. ahmadabad kaa asapuri baavadi aur jhinjhuvaada kaa baavadi 12veen shatabdi key hain. surendranagar jile mein chobri key chaumukhi baavadi mein paas key mandiron key samaan dhaarmik aakritiyon koo darshaaya gayaa haye. dhandalpur mein baavadi kaa shreya jaisingh siddharaj koo diyaa jaataa haye. 12veen shatabdi mein kumarpal key shasankal key dauran, kaee baavadi kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. paatan key paas vaayad mein baavadi iss samay key dauran banaai gaee thee. wadhwan mein gangaa baavadi 1169 esvi (samwat 1225) kii haye.
chalukya kaal key baad key varshon mein, raajneetik ashanti key kaaran nirmaan dheema hoe gayaa. navlakha mandir key paas vikiya aur jethaa baavadi, barda pahaadiyon key paas ghumali 13veen shatabdi kii thee. barada pahaadiyon mein visawada gaanv key paas gyaan baavadi koo bheem II key samay key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya jaataa haye. paas key keshav gaanv kaa barbad huaa baavadi usee samay kaa haye.
12veen-13veen shatabdi.
vanthali aur junagarh key beach key rengegar baavadi kaa nirmaan vishal-tejpal key tejpal dwara kiya gayaa haye, joe waghela darbar mein bhaai-mantri they. yeh praarambhik yoni kaal seey sambandhit haye. waghela rajvansh key visaldev ney dabhoi mein darvaajon aur mandiron key saath baavadi kaa nirmaan kiya, joe 1255 mein puuraa huaa. dabhoi mein satmukhi baavadi ack talab parr banaaya gayaa haye jisamen saat kuein hain.
vadhavan mein madhav kaa nirmaan 1294 esvi (vikram samvat 1350) mein nagar brahmin madhaa aur sheshav dwara kiya gayaa thaa, joe antim waghela shaasak karna key darbar mein mantri they. kapadwanj mein batriyon kaa kothaa baavadi 13veen shatabdi kaa hoe sakata haye kyonki isaki samaantaa maadhaa aur vikiya baavadi key saath haye.
14veen-15veen shatabdi.
14veen shatabdi mein badee sankhya mein baavadi kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. mangroll mein sodhali baavadi 1319 esvi mein banaai gaee thee (v. aiss. 1375) modha jaati key vallie shodhala dwara. khedbrahma key brahm mandir key paas brahm vaav 14veen shatabdi kaa thaa jise isaki shally dwara aanka gayaa thaa.
mahuva (1381 esvi) mein sudaa baavadi, dhandusar mein honey baavadi (1389-1333 AD) aur dholka mein siddhanath mahadev baavadi gujaraat mein tuglak shasson key dauran banaai gaee thee. ahmadabad key paas sampa kaa baavadi kaa nirmaan 1328 esvi mein kiya gayaa thaa. wadhwan key paas rampura kaa rajba bawra aur khambhaat mein wadhwani bawra kramshah 1483 aur 1482 mein wadhwan key pahale key maadhaa bawre key aadhar parr banaaya gayaa thaa. daadaa harir baavadi kaa nirmaan 1499 mein mahmoud begada kii "haram" mahila dwara kiya gayaa thaa. loonwada key paas kaleshwari-nee naal mein dou baavadi kuein 14-15 veen shatabdi key hain lekin isamen pratima 10 veen shatabdi kii haye.
iss avadhi key dauran, baavadi key dhaarmik pahalu ney apana mahatva khou diyaa. mahamadwad key paas sodali gaanv kaa baavadi aur mahamadwad mein hii baavadi, joe donon mahmoud begada key 15veen shatabdi key shasson seey sambandhit they, isake udaaharan hain. vadodara mein aur usake aspas paae jaane vaale dou baavadi 15veen shatabdi key hain; ack siwasi gaanv key paas haye (v. aiss. 1537) aur doosara lakshmi vilas mahal kaa navlakhi baavada (1405 esvi) haye.
adalaj baavadi kaa nirmaan rudabai ney 1499 esvi mein kiya thaa. chhatral mein paas kaa ack baavadi bhee isi avadhi kaa haye.
16veen-18veen shatabdi.
dhrangdhra (1525 esvi) mein nagabawa baavadi aur morby mein jeev mehta baavadi ack hii shally aur avadhi key hain. roho (1560 esvi) kaa baavadi kaa nirmaan raajaa shree nanaji kii patni champa aur unaki betty ney kiya thaa. palanpur aur jhinjhuvaada mein bhee mahatvapurna baavadi hain.
kaee seedhidaar kuein binaa kissy alankaran key design mein saade hain, jisase unaki avadhi kaa pataa lagaana mushkil hoe jaataa haye, lekin way 16veen yaa 17veen shatabdi key hoe sakate hain. iss tarah key baavadi key kuein hampur aur idder mein hain, saath hii kankawati mein maatri baavadi aur modhera mein gyaneshwari baavadi bhee hain. uttar gujaraat mein mandwa kaa baavadi vaalaa kuaan mahamadwad key samaan haye isaliye yeh usa avadhi kaa hoe sakata haye. paatan mein sindhwai maataa baavadi parr 1633 esvi kaa ack shilalekh haye. mangroll kaa rawli baavadi 17veen shatabdi kaa haye. idder key paas limboi mein baney baavadi mein chalukya shally kaa alankaran haye aur yeh 1629 esvi kaa haye.
ahmadabad mein amritvarshini vaav, joe 1723 mein puuraa huaa, ell-aakar kaa haye.
19veen-20veen shatabdi.
british raaj key dauran adhikaariyon ney paaya kii baavadi kii swachchata vaanchhaniya seey cumm thee aur unake uddeshya koo badalane key liye pipe aur pump pranali sthaapit kii gaee thee. ahmadabad key isanpur mein jethabhai kaa baavadi kaa nirmaan 1860 key dashak mein sinchai key liye puuraa kiya gayaa thaa. vankaner mahal kaa baavadi kaa nirmaan 1930 key dashak mein poorv shasakon dwara shaahi parivaar key liye ack shaant sthaan key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. yeh safed balua patthar seey banaa thaa aur apani tarah kaa antim smaarak haye.
jall pampon aur pipe-pranaliyon key kaaran, baavadi kaa mahatva khou gayaa aur aarthik laagat key kaaran, unakaa nirmaan usake baad naheen kiya gayaa.