
1974 australiyai sanghiya chunaav

1974 kaa australiyai sanghiya chunaav 18 maee 1974 koo australia mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. pratinidhi sabhaa kii sabhi 127 seeten aur senate kii sabhi 60 seeten dohare vighatan key kaaran chunaav key liye theen. pradhaanmantri guff whitlam key netritva mein maujooda laber party ney billy snedden key netritva vaale vipakshi liberal-country gathbandhan koo haraaya. yeh pahali baar thaa jaba ack shramik netaa ney lagaatar dou chunaav jeete they.
chunaav seey pahale matdan kii ayu 21 seey ghataakar 18 varsh curr dee gaee thee. chunaav chaar janmat sangrah prashnon key sanyojan mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen seey koee bhee naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
bhavishya key pradhaanmantri johnn howard ney iss chunaav mein sansad mein pravesh kiya. snedden pradhaanmantri key roop mein seva naheen karane vaale pahale udaar netaa baney.
prishthabhoomi aur mudde.
1972 key chunaav mein apani party kii jeet key baad seey guff whitlam ack sakriya pradhaanmantri they, aur unaki sarkaar ney apane pahale karyakal mein kaee samajik roop seey pragatisheel sudhaaron aur neetiyon koo apanaaya thaa. haalaanki, yeh 1973 key tail sankat aur aaee. dee. 1. mandee seey peedit thaa aur 1970 mein hue pichhale senate chunaav key saath gathbandhan/dee. ell. pee.-niyantrit senate seey pratikool swaagat praapt kiya.
queensland mein ack atirikt senate rikti banaane key liye whitelam dwara poorv loktaantrik shram party (dlp) netaa, senator wins gaiyar koo ireland ganarajya mein rajdoot key roop mein niyukt karane key prayaas key baad, snedden ney ghoshana kii kii vipaksh senate mein sarkaar key aapoorti bilon koo avaruddh curr dega. donon sadanon mein gair-kanuni mamle key baare mein bahut kanuni tark key baad, aur senate koo paarit karane mein chhah (gair-aapoorti) bilon kii viphalata dwara uchit thaharaae jaane key baad, whitlam ney anurodh kiya aur governor-general surr paul ney samvidhaan kii dhaara 57 key tahat ack dohra vighatan diyaa. pahale seey ghoshit chunaav kii tarikh 18 maee rakhee gaee thee. chunaav mein whitlum key karyalaya mein pahale dedh saal aur kyaa australiyai janata unake sudhaar agende koo jaari rakhane key liye taiyar thee, iss parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa.
chunavi pranali.
pratinidhi sabhaa key sadasyon koo poorna-vareeyata vaale tatkaal-runn-off matdan kaa upayog karke prati prabhaag (chunavi jilaa) ack chunaa gayaa thaa.
senators koo ekal hastantaraniya vote aur aanupaatik pratinidhitva dwara chunaa jaataa thaa. raajyon mein senator rajyavyapi chhah-sadasya jilon seey aur kshetra-vyaapi dou-sadasya jilon seey kshetron mein chune jaate hain. sabhi ummidvaaron koo rank diyaa jaanaa chaahiye yaa vote aswikar curr diyaa jaataa haye.
parinam.
senate key parinam.
iss vote kaa aine. aiss. doubleu. hissa sabhi ummidvaaron key liye vareeyataon key ankan kii aavashyakta key nuksan key baare mein bataa rhaa thaa. aine. aiss. doubleu. matdaataon ney raajya kii 12 seeton key liye 73 ummidvaaron kii soochi kaa saamana kiya. baarah pratishat shramik matdaataon ney anuchit matdan kiya jise aswikar curr diyaa gayaa. antim seat ack ummidwar dwara lii gaee thee jise kewal ack pratishat vote milaa thaa. desh bhar mein 29 udaar/rashtriya, 29 shram aur dou anya logon key paas shakti kaa santulan thaa.
isake baad.
chunaav parinam.
whitlam sarkaar pratinidhi sabhaa mein apane bahumat key saath phir seey nirvaachit hui thee, joe 9 seey ghatkar 5 hoe gaee thee, jabaki unhone senate mein 5 seeten hassil keen. alp aur gathbandhan ney 60 sadasya senate mein 29 seeten jeetin, jisamen liberal andolan key steel holl aur ack roodhivaadi swatantra michael townley dwara shakti santulan rakhaa gayaa. loktaantrik shram party, joe 1972 mein whitlam sarkaar key chunaav seey aprachalit hoe gaee thee, ney apani senate kii sabhi paanch seeten khou deen.
all grassby, joe laber whitlam sarkaar mein aapravaasan mantri they, apani seat khou baithe. aapravaasan mantri key roop mein ghasbi key karyon ney aapravaasan niyantran sangh key netritva mein aapravaasan virodhi samoohon seey aalochana koo aakarshit kiya, jisane maee 1974 key chunaav mein ack abhiyaan mein unake matdaataon koo lakshit kiya. aanshik roop seey isake parinamswarup, ghasbi koo rashtriya party key ummidwar, johnn sullivan ney kewal 792 maton seey haraaya. ghaas aur unake samarthakon ney inn samoohon parr unake khilaf badnam karane kaa aarop lagaaya.
sanyukt baithak.
senate mein bahumat hassil karane mein phir seey nirvaachit whitlam sarkaar kii viphalata ney 1974 kii sanyukt baithak kaa netritva kiya, joe samvidhaan kii dhaara 57 key anusaar australia kii ekmatra sanyukt baithak thee. naee sansad mein bill pesh kiye jaane key baad nae governor-general surr johnn cair dwara ise manjuri dee gaee aur teesari baar khariz curr diyaa gayaa. yeh chunaav key teen maheene baad, 6-7 agast koo aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, aur isane una chhah bilon koo paarit karane mein saksham banaaya jinhen senate dwara teen baar khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. swaasthya beema bill donon party lines parr paarit kiye gaye they, petroleum aur khanij pradhikaran kaanoon bhee party lines parr paarit kiya gayaa thaa, halanki ack liberal party sadasya anupasthit thaa. udaarvaadi andolan key senator steel holl ney teen chunavi bilon kaa samarthan kiya, dakshin australia key udaarvaadi pradhaanmantri key roop mein apane anubhav kaa hawala dete hue, jahaan unhone asman chunavi vyavasthaon mein sudhaar key prayaas mein apani party seey ladaai ladee thee, jise playmander kahaa jaataa haye. uttari kshetra desh kii party mp saim calder ney kshetra senators key kaanoon kaa samarthan kiya, halanki unhone adhiniyam koo atirikt pratinidhitva diye jaane kaa virodh kiya.
baad mein parivartan.
farwari 1975 mein, swatantra senator michael townley liberal party mein shamil hoe gaye. isane gathbandhan koo 60 senators mein seey 30,29 shram aur 1 udaar andolan (steel holl) key saath diyaa.
baad mein 1975 mein, dou gathbandhan pradhaanmantriyon ney dou aalp senators key pratisthaapan mein lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey sammelan koo toda diyaa. uchch nyayalaya mein niyukti lene key liye istifa dene vaale lionel marfi koo swatantra cleaver bunton dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa; aur berty milliner, joe marr chuka thaa, koo albert feeled dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, ack aalp sadasya joe whitlum kaa virodh curr rhaa thaa. bunton (holl key saath) ney aapoorti key khilaf matdan karane seey incar curr diyaa, lekin feeled taiyar thaa. feeled ney 9 sitambar koo ack swatantra key roop mein senate mein apani seat lii. apani niyukti koo uchch nyayalaya mein chunauti diye jaane key kaaran, vaha 1 octuber 1975 seey senate seey chhutti parr they, matdan karane mein asamarth they, jisase maujooda senators kii sankhya ghatkar 59 hoe gaee. isase gathbandhan koo ack prabhaavi bahumat milaa, jisamen 59 mein seey 30 they, jisase unhein 1975 key australiyai samvaidhaanik sankat kaa maarg prashast karane key liye senate mein aapoorti koo avaruddh karane kii anumati millie.

