
eleanor coed

eleanor kode (3 juuna 1733-18 navambar 1821) ack british vyavasaayi mahila theen jinhen 1769 seey apani mrityu taka 50 seey adhik varshon taka neoclassical moortiyon, vaastushilp sajawat aur "lithodipyra" yaa kode patthar seey baney bageeche key aabhushanon key nirmaan key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa. usey apani maan key saath bhramit yaa bhramit naheen honah chaahiye, jiska naam bhee eleanor haye.
 
"lithodipyra" ("dou baar daage gaye patthar") ack uchch gunavatta vaalaa, tikaau moulded mausam-pratirodhi, cheeni mitty key patthar key bartan they; isase moortiyaan aur sajawati visheshtaen aaj bhee lagbhag naee dikhati hain. kode ney 'kritrim patthar' kaa aavishkaar naheen kiya, kyonki pichhale chaalees varshon mein vibhinn nimn gunavatta vaale agraduton koo patent aur nirmit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin unhone shayed mitty kii vidhi aur firing prakriya donon koo paripurna kiya. 
unhone apane yug key atyadhik safal patthar key utpaadon koo banaane key liye udyamsheelta, vyavasaay aur vipanan kaushal key saath uchch gunavatta vaale vinirmaan aur kalaatmak swaad koo jodaa. unhone sent george chappel, windser; royal pavelian, bryton; carlton house, landan aur royal neval college, greenwich key liye patthar key bartanon kaa utpaadan kiya. unaki mrityu key turant baad, unaki company ney buckingham mahal key navinikaran mein upayog kiye jaane vaale patthar key bartanon kii ack badee matra kaa utpaadan kiya.
oonee vyapariyon aur bunkaron key dou parivaaron mein janmi, unhone landan key lambeth mein pachas varshon taka apana vyavasaay chalaaya, "kode kaa kritrim patthar kaa karkhana", "kode aur sealy" aur baad mein "kode" (george III aur prince regent kii niyukti seey). ack bhakt baptist, vaha camberwell mein avivaahit marr gaee.
1784 mein ack chaacha, saimuel kode ney usey belmont house diyaa, joe lime regis mein ack chhutti kaa ghar thaa, joe usake divangat pitaa kaa mool shahar thaa. unhone ghar koo badey paimaane parr kode patthar seey sajaaya.
vyaktigat jeevan.
praarambhik jeevan.
eleanor kode kaa janm 3 juuna 1733 koo exter mein huaa thaa, joe george aur eleanor kode key gair-anuroop (bhakt baptist) parivaar kii badee betty thee. george kode (1706-1769) mool roop seey lime regis key ack oona vyaapaari they, aur unaki patni eleanor (eleanor, nee enchmark) (c.1708-1796) thomas aur saaraa enchmark (d.1735) vyapariyon aur tiverton, devon key kapada nirmaataon kii betty theen. eleanor kii chhoti bahan elizabeth kaa janm 1738 mein exter mein huaa thaa.
eleanor kii naani saaraa enchmark tiverton mein ack safal vyavasaayi mahila theen, joe 1735 mein apane pati thomas kii mrityu key baad 25 varshon taka parivarik kapada vyavasaay chalaati theen. madhya yug seey, yeh shahar hajaaron shramikon key saath oonee vastra vyavasaay kaa kendra rhaa thaa. shrimati enchmark ney kapada banaane key liye 200 logon koo niyukt kiya, aur norwich mein upayog kii jaane vaali navintam takneekon koo seekhane key liye jasuson kaa upayog kiya. vaha ack sedan kursi mein tiverton key aspas yatra karane key liye jaani jaati thee. 1749 mein, apane vyavasaay seey praapt rajaswa key saath, unhone enchmark haveli kaa punarnirmaan kiya.
baad mein jeevan.
lagbhag 1760 mein, george kode key diwaliyapan key baad, kode parivaar exter seey landan chalaa gayaa. 1760 key dashak key madhya taka, betty eleanor kode landan shahar mein linnon draper key roop mein apana vyavasaay chalaa rahee thee. jaisa kii usa samay vyavasaay mein avivaahit mahilaaon key liye pratha thee, unhone shishtachar sheershak key roop mein "shrimati" kaa upayog kiya.
1769 kii shuruat mein parivaar sent thomas apostals street mein reh rhaa thaa jaba usake pitaa george kode kii doosari baar diwalia honey key baad usa varsh mrityu hoe gaee. 1769 key aspas, jaba betty eleanor kode ney ack kritrim patthar kaa karkhana kharida, tou vaha sankeern deewaar, lambeth mein karkhane key parisar mein rahati thee. bilon seey pataa chalata haye kii vaha navintam 1771 taka seedhe karkhane kaa prabandhan curr rahee thee.
1784 mein eleanor kode koo unake chaacha saimuel kode dwara belmont house, lime regis, dorset diyaa gayaa thaa. iska nirmaan 1774 mein exminster key ack vakeel, saiman bunter dwara kiya gayaa thaa. yeh ack sadharan dou manjila georgia key samudra tateey vilaa thaa jise bunter key mahal key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, lekin kode parivaar dwara iska naam badalkar belmont house curr diyaa gayaa. lekhak johnn fowels 1968 seey 2005 taka vahaan rahate they aur abb yeh aitihaasik nyaas key swaamitva mein haye.
1811 taka kode grate surre street (baad mein blackfreers road), southwark mein reh rhaa thaa. 1821 mein apani mrityu key samay, vaha landan key camberwell grove, camberwell mein reh rahee theen.
murtikala kii pradarshani.
1773 aur 1778 key beach aur 1780 mein kalakaron key samaaj mein pradarshit eleanor kode, jaisa kii unake pradarshak soochi mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaah haalaanki, jaba unhein ack moortikaar key roop mein samaaj dwara soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa, carolin steinford ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii kyaa moortiyaan "swayam dwara nirmit theen yaa unake naam parr nirmit kii gaee theen, abhee bhee spasht naheen haye-dastaveji sakshya kaa tatparya baad vaale seey haye.
"kode, miss eleanor... moortikaar. kalakaron kaa samaaj. kritrim patthar kaa karkhana, raajaa-hathiyar seedhiyaan, bhed kaa bachcha.
mrityu aur smaran.
eleanor kode ack bhakt baptism lene vaale they. unhone kabhi shaadi naheen kii aur 18 navambar 1821 koo camberwell grove, camberwell, landan mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unakaa shoke sandesh "dha gentleman patrika" mein prakaashit huaa thaa, jisamen unhein 'ack aisee kalaa kaa ekmatra aavishkaarak aur swami ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa joe kaafee dhyaan dene yogya haye. haalaanki yeh coed patthar key gunon kii prashansa kartaa haye, lekin shraddhanjali mein unake niji jeevan kaa koee sandarbh naheen thaa.
apani vaseeyat aur vaseeyat mein, kode ney apane bhaagya kaa adhikansh hissa charity schools aur paadari varg key saath-saath apane parivaar key liye chhod diyaa. mahila adhikaaron kii ack samarthak, unhone kuchh vivaahit mahila doston key liye bhee paisa chhod diyaa, yeh kahate hue kii unake patiyon kaa dhana parr koee niyantran naheen thaa.
unake shareer koo landan key baro off eilington mein banhil fields kabristan mein ack achihnit kabr mein dafnaya gayaa haye, jiska upayog kaee gair-anurupatavadiyon dwara kiya jaataa thaa.
usey shaahi utsav holl key footpath dwara westminster pull key neeche rakhe gaye kode patthar dwara yaad kiya jaataa haye, joe abb "sankeern deewaar" parr usake karkhane key sthaan parr haye. kode patthar usake karkhane mein upayog kii jaane vaali ack ghode kii mill kaa nichala patthar haye, ack pramukh aantarik axel honth key saath ack pahiya key aakar kaa millstone. ise under-brij footpath key buggle mein 30 degree dhalaan parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
kritrim patthar kaa vyavasaay.
1769 key anta mein, 36 saal kii umr mein, eleanor kode ney raajaa kii hathiyaron kii seedhiyon, sankeern deewaar, lambeth, ack aisee jagah joe abb shaahi utsav holl dwara kabja curr lii gaee haye, parr daniel pinkot key sangharsharat kritrim patthar key vyavasaay koo kharida. unhone karyabhar sambhala aur iss vyavasaay koo "kode key kritrim patthar karkhane" key roop mein vikasit kiya. dou saal (1771) key bheetar, unhone "mukhya malik key roop mein apana pratinidhitva karane" key liye pinkot koo barkhast curr diyaa. syremic patthar key bartan utpaad koo agale 50 varshon key liye "codes lithodipyra" key roop mein vipanan kiya gayaa thaa.
pinkot kaa vyavasaay shayed usa paas key richard holt dwara chalaae jaane seey sambandhit hoe sakata haye, jinhone 1722 mein dou patent liye theh ack prakaar key taral dhaatu yaa patthar key liye, aur doosara mitty key upayog key binaa chean banaane key liye. 18veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein kaee start-upp 'kritrim patthar' vyavasaay they, jinamen seey kewal shrimati kode safal huin. unhone patthar kii tarah dikhane key liye ack prakriya mein cheeni mitty key utpaadon kaa nirmaan kiya, aur yeh atyadhik tikaau saabit huaa.
johnn bekan, ack pratibhashali moortikaar, ney 1769 seey shrimati kode key liye kaam kiya thaa. 1771 mein unhone unhein kaary paryavekshak key roop mein niyukt kiya; unhone 1799 mein apani mrityu taka model-nirmaan aur design donon kaa nirdeshan kiya. unake nava-shaastriya model ney kalaa aur shaahi sanrakshan key protsaahan key liye samaaj seey puraskar jeete. unaki sanyukt safalata kaa matlab thaa kii kode kritrim patthar karkhane ney sabhi prakhyaat georgian vastukaron kaa vyavasaay praapt kiya, jinamen robbert addam, james vyaat, saimuel vyaat, surr villium chambers, johnn naish aur johnn soen shamil they. 18veen shatabdi key anta kii iss avadhi key dauran, shrimati kode ney 1790 mein josia wedgwood mein shamil honey seey pahale johnn dever (johnn dee wayer (1755-1830)), johnn charles felix rossie, jey. jaise designers aur modelers koo bhee niyukt kiya. jee. bub, thomas dubbin, benjamin west (baad mein ack safal chitrakaar), aur joseph pangetta (1789-1830). baad vaale ney 26 seey adhik varshon taka kode key liye kaam kiya; unakaa sabse pramukh kaam shroosbury mein lord hill kaa stambh thaa.
1780 key baad raajaa george III dwara sent george key chappel, windser casal key gothic screen (aur sambhavatah chhat key hisse koo bhee badalane) koo banaane key liye kode koo commission kiya gayaa thaa.
1784 mein unhone company dwara nirmit 746 designs kii ack vyaapak soochi banaai. isamen moortiyaan, bust, poore panel, friz, fasia, medallion, petere, coat off arms, bellster, chimani, furniture, interior aur moulding shamil they. syremic saanche kaa punah upayog kiya jaa sakata thaa, kuchh kaa kaary jeevan 50 varshon seey adhik thaa, jisase utpaadan mein uchch dakshata hui.
1799 mein shrimati kode ney apane chachere bhaai johnn sealy koo apane vyavasaay mein bhagidar key roop mein bharti kiya. (vaha usaki maan kii bahan mairi enchmark sealy kaa betaa thaa.) company ney taba octuber 1813 mein 64 varsh kii ayu mein unaki mrityu taka 'kode aur sealy' key roop mein vyaapaar kiya, jaba yeh 'kode' mein vaapas aaa gaee. unhone apane utpaadon koo pradarshit karane key liye westminster brij road key sarre chhor parr peddler key ekad parr ack show room, "codes gallery" bhee khola.
1813 mein kode ney villium crogan koo sealy key uttaradhikari key roop mein prabandhak key roop mein bharti kiya; vaha cornwall mein grampound seey ack moortikaar they. (vaha shaadi seey ack door key chachere bhaai they, kode key chachere bhaai villium oke key behnoi, unaki chaachi fraans (nee enchmark) key bete), crogan ney kode kii mrityu taka prabandhak key roop mein kaam kiya.
usa samay, unhone usaki sampatti seey lagbhag £4,000 mein firm kharidi, halanki unhein ise viraasat mein milane kii ummeed thee. 1814 seey, crogan ney karkhane key liye daron kaa bhugtan kiya. kode kii mrityu key lambe samay baad bhee vyavasaay safal rhaa, lekin 1833 mein crogan diwalia hoe gayaa kyonki donon hii badalati pasand aur duke off york key apane rinon kaa bhugtan karane mein viphalata key kaaran.
vyaavsaayik tareeke.
ack vyavasaayi mahila key roop mein kode kii safalata georgia key yug mein bahut durlabh thee. vaha ack mehnati vyakti theen jinhone lagaatar uchch gunavatta vaale utpaadon kaa utpaadan karane key liye vidhipurna prakriyaon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. prabandhakiya kaushal, udyamsheelta kaushal aur vipanan aur jansampark key liye ack pratibha key sanyojan key kaaran, vaha kritrim patthar key vyavasaay mein safal honey vaali pahali aur ekmatra vyakti theen.
unhone apane sabhi utpaadon key liye mitty key mishran kii taiyari aur firing prakriya donon kii bariki seey nigrani kii. vyavasaay khareedane key dou saal key bheetar, usane anushasanatmak karanon seey poorv malik, pinkot koo barkhast curr diyaa. unhone 11 aur 14 sitambar 1771 koo apane vyavasaay key liye "dainik vigyapandata", "rajpatrak" aur "nae dainik vigyapandata" mein vigyaapan prakaashit kiye.
unhone sammaanit vastukaron aur designers key saath majboot vyaavsaayik sambandh banaae, kyonki way unake designs kii kaee pratiyaan banaa sakati theen. usaki safalata kaa andaja josia wedgwood kii shikayat seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye kii vaha "apane nae chimani-pees plake kaa samarthan karane key liye vastukaron koo praapt naheen curr sakaa".
coed patthar kaa vyavasaay.
karkhane ney badee cheeni mitty kii moortiyon aur sabhi prakaar kii sajawati vastukala visheshtaon kaa utpaadan kiya, joe behad tikaau saabit hue. iss samagri ney landan kii pradooshit havaa dwara jung kaa virodh kiya, joe koyale key nikas, acid varsha key gathan aur upotpaadon seey hanikarak hoe gayaa. 
coed patthar key karyon mein mool judvaan kii dukaan (chaay vyaapaari) kaa agrabhag shamil thaa; buckingham palace key peechhe niji aabhushan; westminster pull parr shher; greenwich mein royal neval college mein nelson pediment (chhat key mukhya pravesh dwaar key oopar bhitti chitra koo coed shramikon dwara unake sabhi kaam mein sabse achchha maanaa gayaa thaa); waymouth, dorset mein samudra key saamane george III kii moorti; scomberg house, paal maull, landan mein patthar kii chashme aur moortiyaan; aur shaahi yuddh sangrahalaya parr shikhar. east grinstead key paas hathaude key park mein pattikaaen bhee kode patthar seey bunny theen.
baahari link.
chhaviyon kii gallery.

