
ukraine mein parivahan

ukraine mein parivahan mein jamini parivahan (sadak aur rail), jall (samudra aur nadee), havaai parivahan aur pipeline shamil hain. desh key sakal gharelu utpaad mein parivahan kshetra kaa yogdan lagbhag 11 pratishat aur kull rojgar mein 7 pratishat haye.
kull milakar, ukraini pakki sadaken hain. pramukh maarg, 'antarrashtriya' key liye 'aim' akshar seey chihnit (ukrainih 'mijnarodni'), rashtravyapi roop seey vistaarit hotey hain aur ukraine key sabhi pramukh shaharon koo jodate hain, aur desh key padosiyon koo seema paar maarg pradaan karate hain.
antarrashtriya samudri yatra mukhya roop seey odessa key bandargah key madhyam seey pradaan kii jaati haye, jahan seey ghaat niyamit roop seey istambul, varna aur hypha key liye jaate hain. vartamaan mein inn maargon kaa sanchaalan karane vaali sabse badee nauka company ucrephery haye.
ukraine mein rail parivahan sabhi pramukh shahari kshetron, bandargah suvidhaon aur audyogik kendron koo padosi deshon seey jodata haye. railway track kii sabse adhik sandrata ukraine kaa donbass kshetra haye. haalaanki 1990 key dashak mein rail maal parivahan mein girawat aaee, lekin ukraine abhee bhee duniya key sabse adhik rail upayogkartaon mein seey ack haye.
ukraine mein rail maarg kii kull matra 2000 key dashak mein vidyuteekrit kii gaee thee. yatri rail parivahan key praavdhaan parr raajya kaa ekadhikar haye, aur antarrashtriya maargon parr anya videshi companiyon key sahyog seey chalane vaali trains key alawa anya sabhi trains kaa sanchaalan isaki company ukrazaaliznitsiya dwara kiya jaataa haye.
keev borispil ukraine kaa sabse badaa antarrashtriya havaai adda haye. isamen teen mukhya yatri terminal hain aur yeh desh kii pramukh vaahak, ukraine antarrashtriya airlines kaa aadhar haye. desh key anya badey havaai addon mein kharkiv, lweave aur donetsk (abb nasht) shamil hain. apane dhwaj vaahak key alawa, ukraine mein windrose airlines, niproveya, azur air ukraine aur attlesglobal ukraine sahit kaee airline hain. antonov airlines, antonov aerospace design beuro kii ack sahayak company, duniya key sabse badey fixed wing vimaan, aeye. aine.-225 kaa ekmatra operator thaa.
arthavyavastha.
parivahan avasanrachana.
aaj ukraine mein parivahan kshetra aam taur parr kewal arthavyavastha aur aabaadi kii buniyaadi jarooraton koo puuraa kartaa haye. yatri aur maal parivahan kii suraksha, gunavatta aur dakshata key star key saath-saath buniyaadi dhaanche key oorjaa upayog kii matra aur paryaavaran parr takniki bojh aadhunik samay kii aavashyaktaon koo puuraa naheen kartaa haye.
maang key nimn star key kaaran, desh kii maujooda pargaman kshamata aur laabhprad bhaugolik sthiti kaa poori tarah seey upayog naheen kiya jaa rhaa haye. iss prakaar parivahan avasanrachana, parivahan aur rasad praudyogikiyon aur bahuayami parivahan key vikas mein kamee aaee haye. inn sub ney ukraine koo apratispardhi banaa diyaa haye kyonki desh bhar mein parivahan kii uchch laagat desh mein utpaadan kii laagat koo asamanya roop seey adhik banaa detee haye.
antarrashtriya parivahan galiyare.
ukraine kii laabhprad bhaugolik sthiti vishesh roop seey apane kshetra mein kaee antarrashtriya parivahan galiyaron key sthaan kii anumati detee haih
parivahan udyog.
2009 taka ukraine key sakal gharelu utpaad (goscomstat key anusaar) mein parivahan kshetra kii hissedari 11.3% thee. iss kshetra mein kaaryarat shramikon kii sankhya kull rojgar kaa lagbhag 7 pratishat haye. ukraine kaa parivahan buniyaadi dhancha samagr roop seey paryaapt roop seey vikasit haye, halanki yeh aprachalit haye aur ise badey aadhunikikaran kii aavashyakta haye. ack pramukh mahadvipiya khel ayojan uefa euro 2012 kii mejbani kaa adhikaar jeetane key baad desh key parivahan buniyaadi dhaanche key halia vikas mein ack ullekhaniya badhaava dekhaa gayaa.
2009 mein, ukraini buniyaadi dhaanche ney 1.5 arab tunn maal aur 7.3 arab yaatriyon key parivahan key liye pradaan kiya. jaise-jaise vaishvik vittiya sankat ney pakad banaa lii aur 2009 mein pramukh niryaat vastuon kii maang mein girawat aaee, 2008 key aankadon kii tulanaa mein maal dhulai kii matra mein 17.6% kii kamee aaee; yatri parivahan mein 12.7% kii girawat aaee.
rail.
ukraine mein saarvajanik railway kaa prabandhan raajya railway company ukrazaaliznitsiya dwara kiya jaataa haye.
network kii lambai (2010).
railway network kii lambai ukraine europe mein teesare sthaan parr haye (21.700 kilometres track).
metro.
ukraine mein, 4 metro pranaaliyan hainh kiv metro, kharkiv metro, nipro metro aur crivy rih metro.
sadak aur auto.
ukraine mein saarvajanik sadakon kaa vikas vartamaan mein desh mein motarkaran kii gati seey peechhe haye. 1990-2010 key dauran rajmarg network kii lambai mein shayed hii kabhi vriddhi hui hoe. ukraine mein rajmargon kaa ghanatva france kii tulanaa mein 6.6 gunaa cumm haye (desh key prati varg kilometres kshetra mein kramshah 0.08 aur 1.84 kilometres sadaken). ukraine mein express sadakon kii lambai 0.08 hazaar kilometres (germany mein-france mein 12.5 hazaar kilometres-7.1 hazaar kilometres) haye, aur ukraine mein pratyek kilometres sadak key liye dhana kaa star una sthaanon kii tulanaa mein lagbhag 5.5-6 gunaa cumm haye.
yeh kaee uddeshyapurna karanon seey haye, jisamen ukraine key apekshaakrit cumm jansankhya ghanatva (76 loga prati varg kilometres), nagrikon kii cumm kray shakti (eurozone kii kray kshamata kaa 1/5), apekshaakrit cumm kaar swaamitva aur desh key badey kshetra key kaaran prati vyakti parivahan network koo banaae rakhane kaa bojh europeeya deshon kii tulanaa mein kaafee adhik haye.
sadakon kii parichaalan sthiti bahut kharaab haye; lagbhag 51.1% sadaken nyuntam manakon koo puuraa naheen karati hain, aur 39.2% key liye badey punarnirmaan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ukraine mein sadakon parr ausat gati paschimi deshon kii tulanaa mein 2-3 gunaa cumm haye.
2016 taka, ukraine key kaee pramukh praantiya rajmarg bahut kharaab sthiti mein hain, ack ukrevodor adhikaari ney kahaa kii 97 pratishat sadakon kii marammat kii aavashyakta haye. sadak marammat kaa bajat lagbhag 20 arab dollar nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin bhrashtachar key kaaran bajat kharaab tareeke seey kharch kiya jaataa haye aur adhik vajan vaale truck aam hain joe teji seey adhik sadak kshati kaa kaaran banate hain.
pramukh sadaken.
 ukraine mein motorway, (2010):
keev-borispil . kharkiv-nipro
 raajya rajmarg, (2009): <br>
aim01 . aim02 . aim03 . aim04 .
aim05 . aim06 . aim07 . aim08 . aim09 . aim10 . aim11 . aim12 . aim13 . aim14 . aim15 . aim16 . aim17 . aim18 . aim19 . aim20 . aim21 . aim22 . aim23
notah "raajya rajmarg mahatvapurna rashtriya maarg hain aur jaruri naheen kii way tej gati vaali sadaken houn"
vimanan.
drishtikon.
ukraine mein vimanan khand bahut teji seey vikasit hoe rhaa haye, haal hii mein europeeya sangh key nagrikon aur kaee anya 'paschimi' deshon key nagrikon key liye ack veeja-mukt karyakram sthaapit kiya gayaa haye, desh kaa vimanan kshetra yaatriyon kii sankhya mein kaafee vriddhi curr rhaa haye. isake alawa, sanyukt mezban key roop mein polland aur ukraine koo euro 2012 football tournament dene seey sarkaar koo parivahan buniyaadi dhaanche aur vishesh roop seey havaai addon mein bhaari matra mein dhana nivesh karane key liye prerit kiya haye.
vartamaan mein donetsk, lweave aur keev mein teen pramukh nae havaai adde key terminal nirmanadhin hain, kharkiv mein ack nayaa terminal pahale hii khol diyaa gayaa haye aur keev key borispil antarrashtriya havaai adde ney haal hii mein terminal aff mein sanchaalan shuru kiya haye, joe isake dou nae antarrashtriya terminals mein seey pahala haye. ukraine mein kaee vimanan companiyan hain, jinamen seey sabse badee desh kii dhwajavaahak company yuu. aaee. aeye. haye. antonov airlines, antonov aerospace design beuro kii ack sahayak company, duniya key sabse badey fixed wing vimaan, aeye. aine.-225 kaa ekmatra operator haye.
donboss mein yuddh key kaaran donetsk havaai adda nasht hoe gayaa.
14 aprail, 2017 koo odessa antarrashtriya havaai adde parr aagaman udaanon key liye nayaa terminal khola gayaa haye.
havaai adde.
pakki runway vaale havaai adde.
pramukh havaai adde hainh keev borispil havaai adda, nipro antarrashtriya havaai adda, kharkiv havaai adda, lweave havaai adda, donetsk havaai adda, odessa havaai adda aur sympheropol havaai adda.
jall parivahan.
nadee parivahan.
 7 nadiyon parr naugamya jalmarg, jinamen seey adhikansh denube, neeper aur pripyaat nadiyon parr hain. ukraine kii sabhi nadiyaan sardiyon mein jumm jaati hain (aamtaur parr disambar seey march taka), jisase nauvahan seemit hoe jaataa haye. haalaanki, nadee key himm-avarodhak neeper parr cumm seey cumm keev key aspas upalabdh hain.
denube.
ukraine kaa sabse mahatvapurna jalmarg.
denipro.
ukraine key bheetar nipro jalashayon kii ack viniyamit pranali haye joe shiplock key saath baandhon dwara alag kii jaati haye. yeh nadee apani poori ukraini lambai key madhyam seey naugamya haye.
priya.
ullekhaniya riverport chernobyl abb chernobyl aapada key kaaran chhod diyaa gayaa haye, lekin jalmarg neeper-baltic samudri maarg key hisse key roop mein apana mahatva barkarar rakhta haye.
dakshini bugg.
ukraine seey badhate anaaj niryaat key hisse key roop mein dakshini bugg parr vaanijyik maal dhulai nauvahan koo punarjeevit karane kii yojanaon kii ghoshana kii gaee haye.
samudri parivahan.
samudri bandargah aur bandargah.
julaai 2013 taka, ukraine mein videshi jahaajon key pravesh key liye 18 "samudri vyaapaar bandargah" upalabdh they. inmein seey kuchh "samudri vyaapaar bandargah" vaastav mein bandargah samooh hain jinamen kaee gair-aas-paas key bandargah aur kirayedar niji terminal shamil hain. pramukh nadee bandargaahon koo "samudri" antarrashtriya bandargah bhee maanaa jaataa haye.
pipeline.
praakritik gais parivahan pranali prati varsh adhikatam 288 arab ghana meater praakritik gais leey sakati haye. isaki vaarshik utpaadan kshamata 178.5 billion cubic meater haye, jisamen 142.2 billion europeeya deshon koo bheja jaanaa haye.

