
dakshin australia

dakshin australia (aamtaur parr saa key roop mein sankshipt) australia key dakshini madhya bhaag mein ack raajya haye. yeh desh key kuchh sabse shushk hisson koo cover kartaa haye. kull bhoomi kshetra key saath, yeh kshetrafal key hisab seey australia key raajyon aur kshetron mein chautha sabse badaa raajya haye, aur jansankhya key hisab seey doosara sabse chhota raajya haye. isamen kull 18 laakh loga hain. isaki aabaadi paschimi australia key baad australia mein doosari sabse adhik kendrikrit haye, jisamen 77 pratishat seey adhik dakshin australiyai rajdhani adelide yaa isake parivesh mein rahate hain. raajya mein anya jansankhya kendra apekshaakrit chhote hain; mount gambier, doosara sabse badaa kendra, kii aabaadi 33,233 haye.
dakshin australia anya sabhi mukhya bhoomi raajyon key saath-saath uttari kshetra key saath seemaaen saajha kartaa haye; yeh paschim mein paschimi australia, uttar mein uttari kshetra, uttar-poorv mein raani bhoomi, poorv mein nyu south wells, dakshin-poorv mein victoria aur dakshin mein mahaan australiyai bite seey ghiraa huaa haye. raajya mein australiyai aabaadi kaa 8 pratishat seey bhee cumm hissa haye aur yeh chhah raajyon aur dou kshetron mein seey jansankhya mein paanchven sthaan parr haye. isake adhikansh loga grater metropolitan adelaid mein rahate hain. shesh adhikansh dakshin-purvi tata aur nadee murre key saath upajaau kshetron mein basey hue hain. raajya kii aupaniveshik utpatti australia mein ack swatantra roop seey basey hue, niyojit british praant key roop mein advitiya haye, naa kii ack doshi basti key roop mein. aupaniveshik sarkaar kii shuruat 28 disambar 1836 koo hui, jaba parishad key sadasyon ney puraane gumm pedh key paas shapath lii.
baaki mahadweepon kii tarah, iss kshetra mein bhee kaee janjaatiyon aur bhaashaon dwara maanav vyavasaay kaa ack lamba itihas rhaa haye. dakshin australiyai company ney 26 julaai 1836 koo kingskot, kangaru dweep parr ack asthaayi basti sthaapit kii, joe adelide kii sthaapana seey paanch maheene pahale thee. niptan key peechhe maargdarshak siddhant "vyavasthit upanivesh" thaa, ack siddhant jiska samarthan edward gibbon wakefield ney kiya thaa jise baad mein naee zeeland company dwara niyojit kiya gayaa thaa. iska lakshya praant koo nagrik swatantrata aur dhaarmik sahishnuta kaa vaadaa karate hue mukt pravasiyon key liye sabhyata key kendra key roop mein sthaapit karna thaa. haalaanki iska itihas aarthik kathinaaee key samay seey chihnit rhaa haye, dakshin australia raajneetik roop seey naveen aur saanskritik roop seey jeevant rhaa haye. aaj, yeh apani badhiya sharaab aur kaee saanskritik tyohaaron key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. raajya kii arthavyavastha mein krishi, vinirmaan aur khanan udyogon kaa varchasva haye.
itihas.
dakshin australia mein maanav gatividhi key pramaan 20,000 saal pahale key hain, jisamen nalarbar maidan parr koonalda gufa mein chakmak khanan gatividhi aur chattan kalaa haye. isake alawa dakshin poorv mein peat bogh mein abb dhake hue kshetra mein lakadi key bhaale aur aujaar banaae gaye they. samudra key badhate star seey dweep key cutt jaane seey bahut pahale kangaru dweep mein aabaadi thee. mitochondrial dee. aine. aeye. anusandhaan key anusaar, adiwasi loga poorv (ghadee kii disha mein, tata key saath, uttari australia seey) aur paschim (ghadee kii vipareet disha mein) donon seey ire praaydweep 49,000-45,000 saal pahale pahunche they.
dakshin australiyai tata kaa pahala europeeya drishya 1627 mein darj kiya gayaa thaa jaba dutch jahaaj "gulden zeepert", jisaki kaptani francois theezsen ney kii thee, ney samudri tata key ack hisse kii jaanch kii aur poorv mein nyats dweepsamuh key roop mein maanchitran kiya. thijsen ney poore desh kaa naam leuvin key poorv kii or "nyats laind" rakhaa, board parr ack pratishthit yatri key naam parr; sammaan. peater nyats, bhaarat key parshadon mein seey ack.
dakshin australia kii tatrekha koo pahali baar 1802 mein mait flinder aur nicolaus baudin dwara mapp kiya gayaa thaa, sivaay inlet key jise baad mein port adelide nadee naam diyaa gayaa thaa, jise pahali baar 1831 mein kaptan collet barker dwara khoja gayaa thaa aur baad mein curnell villium light dwara sateek roop seey chart kiya gayaa thaa, joe dakshin australiyai upanivesheekaran ayukton key 'pahale abhiyaan' key netaa aur dakshin australia key pahale sarvekshak-general they.
abb dakshin australia raajya banaane vaali bhoomi parr 1788 mein nyu south wells kii coloney key hisse key roop mein britten key liye daavaa kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki naee coloney mein mahadweep kaa lagbhag dou-tihai hissa shamil thaa, praarambhik bastiyaan sabhi purvi tata parr theen aur kewal kuchh nidder khojkartaon ney iss door paschim mein pravesh kiya. nyu south wells key dakshin-paschimi bhaag mein bastiyaan sthaapit karane key liye kissy bhee gambhir prastaav koo aage rakhane mein chaalees saal seey adhik samay lagaa.
15 agast 1834 koo, british sansad ney dakshin australia adhiniyam 1834 ("foundation act") paarit kiya, jisane unaki mahima koo dakshini australia mein ack praant yaa praant sthaapit karane aur sthaapit karane kaa adhikaar diyaa. adhiniyam mein kahaa gayaa haye kii 132° aur 141° purvi deshantar key beach aur 26° dakshin akshansh seey dakshini mahasagar taka kii bhoomi coloney koo aavantit kii jaayegi, aur yeh doshmukt hogi.
australia key baaki hisson key vipareet, "terra nulius" nae praant parr lagu naheen huaa. patra patent, jisamen dakshin australia adhiniyam 1834 key saksham praavdhaanon kaa upayog dakshin australia praant kii seemaon koo taya karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa, basharte kii "hamaare patra patent mein kuchh bhee kissy bhee adiwasi mool nivasi key adhikaaron koo prabhaavit naheen karega yaa prabhaavit naheen kiya jaayega."halanki patent ney swadeshi nivaasiyon key liye kaanoon key bull key tahat bhoomi adhikaaron kii guaranti dee, lekin dakshin australiyai company key adhikaariyon aur squaters dwara ise nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa. governor dwara praarambhik ghoshana mein mool aabaadi key adhikaaron key majboot sandarbh key bavjood, dakshin australia mein australiyai seema yuddhon mein kaee sangharsh aur mautein huin.
praant key niptan seey pahale sarvekshan kii aavashyakta thee, aur dakshin australia key upanivesheekaran ayukton ney villium light koo apane 'pahale abhiyaan' key netaa key roop mein niyukt kiya, jise dakshin australiyai tatrekha key 1500 meal kii jaanch karane aur rajdhani key liye sabse achchi site kaa chayan karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa, aur phir shahar key sthal koo ack ekad shahar key khandon mein yojana banaane aur sarvekshan karane key saath aur 134 ekad desh key khandon mein isake chaaron or.
apani whale aur seal matsya paalan kii sthaapana shuru karane key liye utsuk, dakshin australiyai company ney sarvekshan seey pahale aur ayukton key upaniveshvadiyon seey pahale, dakshin australia mein company key jahaajon koo bhejane key liye ayukton kii anumati maangi aur praapt kii.
kangaru dweep parr kingskot mein saat jahaajon aur 636 logon kii company kii basti asthaayi roop seey banaai gaee thee, jaba taka kii rajdhani key aadhikarik sthal kaa chayan villium light dwara naheen kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan vartamaan mein adelide shahar sthit haye. navambar 1836 mein pahale apravasi holdfast bey (vartamaan glenelg key paas) pahunche.
aupaniveshik sarkaar kii shuruat 28 disambar 1836 koo ghoshit kii gaee thee, jise abb udghoshana divas key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
dakshin australia ekmatra australiyai raajya haye jise kabhi bhee british doshi naheen mille hain. ack aur mukt basti, huns nadee coloney kii sthaapana 1829 mein kii gaee thee, lekin paschimi australia ney baad mein doshi shram kii maang kii, aur 1849 mein paschimi australia koo aupchaarik roop seey ack dandaatmak coloney key roop mein gathit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki dakshin australia kaa gathan iss tarah seey kiya gayaa thaa kii doshiyon koo kabhi bhee praant mein leey jaaya naheen jaa sakata thaa, kuchh mukt yaa farar doshiyon yaa expiries ney 1836 seey pahale yaa baad mein vahaan apana raasta banaa liya thaa, aur praarambhik aabaadi kaa 1-2% gathan kiya hoe sakata thaa.
praant key liye yojana yeh thee kii yeh sudhaar mein ack prayog hoga, joe british samaaj mein dekhi jaane vaali samasyaon koo sambodhit karega. dhaarmik swatantrata honey chaahiye aur koee sthaapit dharm naheen honah chaahiye. upaniveshvadiyon koo bhoomi kii bikri ney ack garib yuva mazdoor aabaadi koo dakshin australia mein sthanantarit karane kii laagat kaa bhugtan karane key liye ack pravaas nidhi kaa nirmaan kiya. 1838 kii shuruat mein upaniveshvaadi iss baat seey chintit hoe gaye kii purvi raajyon seey bhaag gaye aparaadhi dakshin australia kii or apana raasta banaa sakate hain. dakshin australia pulis kaa gathan aprail 1838 mein samudaay kii raksha karane aur sarkari niyamon koo lagu karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. unaki mukhya bhoomika pahali asthaayi gull, dou kamaron vaali jhopadi chalaana thaa.
dakshin australia key vartamaan dhwaj koo 13 janwari 1904 koo apanaaya gayaa thaa, aur yeh raajya baij key saath ack british neela jhanda haye. baij koo peele rung kii disk parr faile pankhon key saath ack piping shrike key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. maanaa jaataa haye kii raajya baij koo adelide key school off design key robbert kregg dwara design kiya gayaa thaa.
bhugol.
iss ilaake mein kaee nimn parvat shrinkhalaon key saath badey paimaane parr shushk aur ardh-shushk rangeland hain. sabse mahatvapurna (lekin sabse oonchaa naheen) mount-flinder renz system haye, joe cape jervice seey laker jheel key uttari chhor taka uttar mein faila huaa haye. raajya mein sabse oonchaa bindu una shreniyon mein naheen haye; mount woodroff () raajya key uttar-paschim mein sabse adhik pahaadi parvat shrinkhalaon mein haye. 
raajya key dakshin-paschimi bhaag mein bahut cumm aabaadi vaalaa nalarbar maidan haye, joe mahaan australiyai byte kii chattanon seey ghiraa huaa haye. tata kii visheshtaon mein spensor gulf aur isake chaaron or kii ire aur yorke praaydweep shamil hain. dakshin australia kaa samshitoshna ghaas kaa maidan khaadi sent vincent key poorv mein sthit haye.
dakshin australia key pramukh udyog aur niryaat gehuun, sharaab aur oona hain. australia kii aadhi seey adhik wine kaa utpaadan dakshin australiyai wine kshetron mein kiya jaataa haye jisamen mukhya roop seey barosa ghaati, clair ghaati, mcclaren valley, koonawara, nadee bhoomi aur adelide pahaadiyaan shamil hain. "dakshin australiyai sharaab dekhein."
dakshin australiyai seemaaen.
dakshin australia kii seemaaen australia kii rajdhani kshetra aur jervice khaadi kshetra koo chhodkar harr anya australiyai mukhya bhoomi raajya aur kshetra key saath hain. paschimi australia seema kaa ack itihas haye jisamen dakshin australiyai sarkari khagolshastri shamil hain.aff. dodwell, aur paschimi australiyai sarkari khagolshastri, aich.bee. curlvis, 1920 key dashak mein jameen parr seema koo chihnit kartaa haye.
1863 mein, dakshin australia key uttar mein nyu south wells key usa hisse koo dakshin australia key saath, patra patent dwara, "dakshin australia key uttari kshetra" key roop mein jodaa gayaa thaa, joe 6 julaai 1863 koo uttari kshetra mein chhota hoe gayaa thaa. uttari kshetra koo 1911 mein sanghiya sarkaar koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa aur yeh ack alag kshetra bunn gayaa thaa.
australiyai maanchitron key anusaar, dakshin australia kaa dakshin tata dakshini mahasagar seey ghiraa huaa haye, lekin aadhikarik antarrashtriya sahamati dakshini mahasagar koo dhruv seey kewal 60° seey yaa 55° seey uttar mein, cumm seey cumm 17 degree akshansh dakshin australia key sabse dakshini bindu kii tulanaa mein dakshin mein aur adhik vistaar key roop mein paribhaashit karati haye. iss prakaar dakshin tata aadhikarik taur parr hind mahasagar key dakshin-sabse hisse seey sataa huaa haye. "dakshini mahasagarah astitva aur paribhaashaaen dekhein.
jalavaayu.
raajya key dakshini bhaag mein bhoomadhyasagariya jalavaayu haye, jabaki raajya key baaki hisson mein yaa tou shushk yaa ardh-shushk jalavaayu haye. dakshin australia kaa mukhya tapman janwari aur julaai mein hotaa haye. 
abb taka kaa sabse adhik adhikatam tapman 2 janwari 1960 koo uudanaadattaa mein darj kiya gayaa thaa, joe australia mein darj kiya gayaa sabse adhik aadhikarik tapman haye. sabse cumm nyuntam tapman 20 julaai 1976 koo yongala mein thaa. iss kshetra kaa samagr shushk mausam mahaan australiyai byte parr australiyai uchch key kaaran haye.
arthavyavastha.
2016 taka, dakshin australia mein kull 806,593 karyabal mein seey 746,105 loga kaaryarat they, jisase berojgari darr 7.5% hoe gaee. dakshin australia kaa sabse badaa rojgar kshetra swaasthya dekhbhal aur samajik sahaayata haye, joe raajya key kull rojgar kaa aaee. dee. 2 haye, isake baad khudra (aaee. dee. 1), shiksha aur prashikshan (8.6%), vinirmaan (8%) aur nirmaan (7.6%) haye. dakshin australia kii arthavyavastha australia key kissy bhee anya raajya kii tulanaa mein niryaat parr adhik nirbhar karati haye.
dakshin australia kii credit rating koo sitambar 2004 mein maanak aur kharaab dwara aaa mein aur navambar 2004 mein moody dwara aaa mein unnat kiya gayaa thaa, joe kissy bhee company yaa samprabhu dwara praapt kii jaane vaali uchchatam credit rating thee. raajya ney pahale raajya baink key patan mein inn rating koo khou diyaa thaa. haalaanki, 2012 mein maanak aur garib varg ney rajaswa mein girawat, naee kharch pahal aur apekshit bajat seey kamjor drishtikon key kaaran raajya kii credit rating koo aa + taka cumm curr diyaa.
dakshin australia koo sabhi raajyon key sthaaniya sadak network key liye prati vyakti aur prati kilometres key aadhar parr sanghiya dhana kii sabse cumm raashi praapt hoti haye.
2019-20 key dauraanah dakshin australia kaa sakal raajya utpaad (jee. aiss. pee.) shrinkhala matra (vaastavik) key sandarbh mein 1.4% gir gayaa (rashtriya star parr, sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) 0.3% gir gayaa). dakshin australia anya australiyai raajyon kii tulanaa mein covid-19 mandee seey behtar tareeke seey baahar aaya, jisamen vittiya varsh mein arthavyavastha mein 3.9% kii vriddhi hui. 1990 mein australiyai saankhyiki beuro dwara detta ekatra karane key baad yeh pahali baar thaa jaba dakshin australia ney anya raajyon seey behtar pradarshan kiya thaa. sudhaar aanshik roop seey krishi kshetra mein vriddhi seey prerit thaa, jisane sookhe key anta key kaaran apane utpaadan mein lagbhag 24 pratishat kii vriddhi kii.
krishi.
anaaj, faliyaan aur tilhan.
dakshin australia mein gehuun, jou, jou, raaee, mutter, same, chanaa, daal aur canola ugaaye jaate hain. 
phal aur sabjiyaan.
seb, nashpati, cherry aur strawberry adelide pahaadiyon mein ugaaye jaate hain. virginia mein uttari adelide maidanon mein tamatar, capsicum, kheere, brassica, salad aur gaajar ugaaye jaate hain. nadee bhoomi mein badam, khatte aur patthar key phal ugaaye jaate hain. murre malli kshetra mein aaloo, pyaaj aur gaajar ugaaye jaate hain. aaloo kangaru dweep parr ugaaye jaate hain.
viticulture.
dakshin australia sabhi australiyai wine kaa aadhe seey adhik utpaadan kartaa haye, jisamen australia kii lagbhag 80 pratishat premium wine shamil haye.
oorjaa.
dakshin australia apane vyaavsaayikaran aur akshay oorjaa key prati pratibaddhata key liye anya australiyai raajyon parr badhat rakhta haye. yeh abb australia mein pawan oorjaa kaa pramukh utpaadak haye. akshay oorjaa dakshin australia mein bijli kaa ack badhata huaa srot haye, aur raajya kii arthavyavastha key iss vishesh udyog seey vikas kii sambhavana haye. horndale power reserve dakshin australia key madhya-uttar kshetra mein horndale pawan farm seey satey grid seey judee baitariyon kaa ack baink haye. 2017 key anta mein nirmaan key samay, ise duniya kii sabse badee lithium-aayan battery key roop mein bill kiya gayaa thaa.
khanan.
uttari dakshin australia mein roxby down key paas olympic baandh khadaan duniya mein euranium kaa sabse badaa bhandar haye, jisamen duniya key cumm laagat vaale punarpraapti yogya bhandar kaa ack tihai seey adhik aur australia kaa 70 pratishat haye. bee. aich. pee. key swaamitva aur sanchaalan vaali iss khadaan kaa vartamaan mein vaishvik euranium utpaadan mein 9 pratishat yogdan haye. olympic baandh khadaan duniya kaa chautha sabse badaa shesh tamba bhandar haye, aur duniya kaa paanchvaan sabse badaa soney kaa bhandar haye. khadaan key sanchaalan kaa vyaapak vistaar karane kaa prastaav thaa, jisase yeh duniya kii sabse badee khuli khadaan bunn gaee, lekin 2012 mein bee. aich. pee. billiton board ney usa samay cumm vastuon kii kimaton key kaaran isake saath aage naheen badhane kaa faisala kiya.
cober peddy kaa doorasth shahar duniya mein kaheen aur kii tulanaa mein adhik opple kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. opple kii khoj pahali baar 1915 mein shahar key paas kii gaee thee, aur yeh shahar dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad dakshini aur purvi europe key pravasiyon koo lubhaane key liye ack opple bheed kaa sthal bunn gayaa thaa.
shiksha aur anusandhaan.
adelide mein uchch shiksha aur anusandhaan dakshin australia kii arthavyavastha kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye. dakshin australiyai sarkaar aur shaikshanik sansthanon ney adelide koo "australia key shiksha kendra" key roop mein sthaapit karane kaa prayaas kiya haye aur ise "seekhane key shahar" key roop mein vipanan kiya haye. haal key varshon mein adelide mein adhyayan karane vaale antarrashtriya chhatron kii sankhya teji seey badhkar 2015 mein 30,726 hoe gaee haye, jinamen seey 1,824 maadhyamik vidyalaya key chhaatr they. videshi sansthaan ack shiksha kendra key roop mein apane aakarshan koo badhaane key liye parisar sthaapit karane key liye aakarshit hue hain. adelide teen nobel puraskar vijetaon kaa janmasthan haye, joe kissy bhee anya australiyai shahar kii tulanaa mein adhik hainh bhautik vigyaani villium laurence bragg aur rogvigyaani howard florey aur robbin vaaran, jinhone sabhi ney sent peater college aur adelide vishvavidyalaya mein maadhyamik aur tritiyak shiksha poori kii.
adelide mein dou sou saal puraane grate britten key shaahi sansthaan key samkaksh key roop mein 2009 mein sthaapit australia key shaahi sansthaan sahit shodh sansthaan hain. adhikansh shodh sangathan adelide mahanagariya kshetra mein samoohbaddh hainh
sarkaar.
dakshin australia ack samvaidhaanik rajshahi haye jisamen raajaa charles III samprabhu hain, aur dakshin australia key rajyapal unake hain.
pratinidhi. yeh australia key rashtramandal kaa ack raajya haye. dakshin australia kii dwisadaniya sansad mein nichale sadan koo vidhansabha key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye aur oopari sadan koo vidhaan parishad key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. aam chunaav harr chaar saal mein aayojit kiye jaate hain, antim chunaav 2022 kaa hotaa haye.
shuru mein, dakshin australia key rajyapal key paas lagbhag poori shakti thee, joe upanivesh banaane key liye shaahi sarkaar key patra patent seey praapt thee. vaha kewal british aupaniveshik karyalaya key prati jawabdeh thaa, aur iss prakaar coloney mein loktantra maujood naheen thaa. 1843 mein dakshin australia key prashaasan parr rajyapal koo salah dene key liye ack nayaa nikaay banaaya gayaa thaa jise vidhaan parishad kahaa jaataa haye. isamen british sarkaar key teen pratinidhi aur rajyapal dwara niyukt chaar upaniveshvaadi shamil they. rajyapal ney poorna karyakari shakti banaae rakhee.
1851 mein, shaahi sansad ney australiyai upanivesh sarkaar adhiniyam lagu kiya, jisane pratyek aupaniveshik vidhanmandal key pratinidhiyon key chunaav aur dakshin australia mein uchit roop seey pratinidhi aur jimmedaar sarkaar banaane key liye ack samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar karane kii anumati dee. usa varsh baad mein, uchit purush upaniveshvadiyon koo ack naee 24 seeton vaali vidhaan parishad mein 16 sadasyon key liye matdan karane kii anumati dee gaee. rajyapal dwara aathh sadasyon kii niyukti jaari rahee.
iss nikaay kii mukhya jimmedaari dakshin australia key liye ack samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar karna thaa. nikaay ney british samrajya mein abb taka key sabse loktaantrik samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar kiya aur saarvbhaumik purushatva matadhikar pradaan kiya. isane dakshin australia kii dwisadaniya sansad kaa nirmaan kiya. coloney mein pahali baar, karyapalika koo logon dwara chunaa gayaa thaa, aur coloney ney westminster pranali kaa upayog kiya, jahaan sarkaar party yaa gathbandhan haye joe vidhansabha key sadan mein bahumat kaa prayog karati haye. vidhaan parishad mukhya roop seey sampatti maalikon dwara nirvaachit ack roodhivaadi kaksh banaa rhaa.
australia mein mahilaaon key matadhikar ney ack chhalang lagaai-1895 mein adhiniyamit aur 1896 key aupaniveshik chunaav seey prabhaavi hotey hue, dakshin australia australia mein pahali sarkaar thee aur mahilaaon koo matdan karane kii anumati dene vaali newzealand key baad duniya mein kewal doosari sarkaar thee, aur mahilaaon koo chunaav key liye khade honey kii anumati dene vaali duniya mein pahali sarkaar thee. 1897 mein catherine helen spains australia mein raajneetik pada key liye ummidwar banane vaali pahali mahila theen, jaba unhein samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar karane vaale sammelanon mein dakshin australia key pratinidhiyon mein seey ack key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa. dakshin australia 1 janwari 1901 koo australia key rashtramandal kaa ack mool raajya bunn gayaa.
haalaanki nichale sadan mein saarvbhaumik matadhikar thaa, oopari sadan, vidhaan parishad, 1973 mein donn dunstan kii shram sarkaar dwara chamber mein sudhaar hassil karane mein kamyab honey taka sampatti maalikon kaa ananya kshetra banaa rhaa. sampatti yogyataon koo hataa diyaa gayaa aur parishad ack raajya-vyaapi matadaata dwara aanupaatik pratinidhitva key madhyam seey nirvaachit nikaay bunn gaee.
1975 key dakshin australiyai raajya chunaav key baad seey, kissy bhee ack dall kaa raajya key oopari sadan parr niyantran naheen rhaa haye, jisamen vibhinn prakaar key chhote dalon aur nirdaliyon dwara niyantrit shakti santulan haye.
sthaaniya sarkaar.
dakshin australia mein sthaaniya sarkaar kii sthaapana "samvidhaan adhiniyam 1934" (sa), "sthaaniya sarkaar adhiniyam 1999" (sa) aur "sthaaniya sarkaar (chunaav) adhiniyam 1999" (sa) dwara kii gaee haye. dakshin australia mein 68 parishaden aur 6 adiwasi aur baahari samudaay hain. chaar saal key aadhar parr nirvaachit sthaaniya parishaden sthaaniya sadakon aur toofani jall prabandhan, apashisht sangrah, yojana aur vikas, aag kii roktham aur khatare key prabandhan, kutte aur billi prabandhan aur niyantran, parking niyantran, saarvajanik swaasthya aur khaadya nireekshan aur unake sthaaniya samudaayon key liye anya sevaaon key liye jimmedaar hain. parishadon key paas apani gatividhiyon key liye rajaswa badhaane kii shakti haye, joe jyaadaatar "parishad daron" key madhyam seey praapt kii jaati haye, joe sampatti key mulyankan parr adharit curr haye. parishad kii darein parishad key rajaswa kaa lagbhag 70 pratishat hain, lekin australiyai logon dwara bhugtan kiye gaye kull karon kaa 4 pratishat seey bhee cumm haye.
jansankhyiki.
disambar 2021 taka dakshin australia kii jansankhya 1,806,599 thee.
raajya kii adhikansh aabaadi adhik adelaid key mahanagariya kshetra mein rahati haye, jisaki anumaanit aabaadi 
juuna 2017 mein anya mahatvapurna jansankhya kendron mein mount gambier (29,505), victor harber-gootva (26,334), vhayalla (21,976), murre brij (18,452), port linken (16,281), port peeri (14,267), aur port augusta (13,957) shamil hain.
vansh aur aapravaasan.
2016 kii janganana mein, sabse adhik naamit poorvaj theh 
28.2016 kii janganana mein 9 pratishat aabaadi kaa janm videshon mein huaa thaa. videshon mein janme logon key paanch sabse badey samooh ingland (5.8%), bhaarat (1.6%), chean (1.5%), itali (1.1%) aur viyatnam (0.9%) seey they.
2016 mein aabaadi kaa 2 pratishat, yaa 34,184 logon kii pehchaan swadeshi australiyai (adiwasi australiyai aur torus jaldamroomadhya dweepwasi) key roop mein kii gaee.
bhasha.
2016 kii janganana mein, 78.2% aabaadi ghar parr kewal angreji bolati thee. ghar mein sabse adhik bolly jaane vaali anya bhaashaaen italvi (1.7%), maanak mandarin (1.7%), yunani (1.4%), viyatnami (1.1%) aur cantonese (0.6%) theen.
dharm.
2016 kii janganana mein, kull milakar 53.9% pratikriyaon ney isai dharm key kuchh prakaar kii pehchaan kii. 9 pratishat uttardaataon ney kissy dharm koo naheen maanane kaa faisala kiya. sabse adhik naamit pratikriyaaen 'koee dharm naheen' (35.4%), kaitholikwad (18 pratishat), anglicanism (10 pratishat) aur church koo ekjut karna (7.1 pratishat) theen.
dakshin australia pahala australiyai upanivesh thaa jiska koee aadhikarik raajya dharm naheen thaa, aur yeh upanivesh una logon key liye aakarshak hoe gayaa jinhone vidhividon aur ektaavaadi sahit dhaarmik bhedbhaav kaa anubhav kiya thaa. dakshin australia mein hajaaron prussian puraane luthran apravasi bhee they, jinamen seey kuchh ney lutherwad kaa apana roop sthaapit kiya. natijatan, australia kaa luther church aaj taka german luther church seey alag haye. dakshin australia australia mein pahali muslim masjid kaa sthaan thaa.
raajya key adhikansh mool upaniveshvaadi isai they, lekin kaee sampradayon key they, jinamen seey adhikansh shahar key chauk mein apane swayam key millen sthal key saath they. adelide koo cumm seey cumm 1868 seey "churchon key shahar" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. shahar kii kuchh sabse purani shesh imaaraten church hain.
shiksha.
praathamik aur maadhyamik.
1 janwari 2009 koo, school chhodane kii ayu koo 17 (pahale 15 aur phir 16) taka badhaa diyaa gayaa thaa. 17 varsh kii ayu taka sabhi bachchon key liye shiksha anivarya haye, jaba taka kii way kaam naheen curr rahey houn yaa anya prashikshan seey gujar rahey houn. adhikansh chhaatr apane dakshin australiyai shiksha pramaan patra (aiss. aeye. aiss. ee.) koo puuraa karane key liye rahate hain. schooly shiksha dakshin australiyai sarkaar kii jimmedaari haye, lekin saarvajanik aur niji shiksha pranaliyon koo isake aur rashtramandal sarkaar dwara sanyukt roop seey vitt poshit kiya jaataa haye.
dakshin australiyai sarkaar prati chhaatr aadhar parr schools koo kull sarkari dhana kaa 89 pratishat pradaan karati haye, jabaki rashtramandal 11 pratishat kaa yogdan detaa haye. 1970 key dashak kii shuruat seey yeh ack vivaad banaa huaa haye kii rashtramandal nidhi kaa 68 pratishat (2008 taka badhkar 75 pratishat) niji schools mein jaataa haye, jinamen raajya key 32 pratishat chhaatr bhaag lete hain. niji school aksar yeh kahakar iska virodh karate hain kii unhein saarvajanik schools kii tulanaa mein raajya sarkaar seey cumm dhana milata haye, aur 2004 mein mukhya niji school vitt poshan australiyai sarkaar seey aaya, naa kii raajya sarkaar seey.
14 juuna 2013 koo, dakshin australia australiyai sanghiya sarkaar key gonsky sudhaar karyakram mein hastakshar karane vaalaa teesara australiyai raajya bunn gayaa. isase 2019 seey pahale dakshin australia mein praathamik aur maadhyamik shiksha key liye dhana mein 1 arab 1 karod dollar kii vriddhi hogi.
dakshin australia mein shaikshanik varsh aam taur parr praathamik aur maadhyamik vidyaalayon key liye janwari key anta seey disambar key madhya taka chalata haye. aiss. aeye. school chaar-avadhi key aadhar parr kaam karate hain. dakshin australia mein saarvajanik chhuttiyon key liye school bund hain.
tritiyak.
dakshin australia mein teen saarvajanik aur chaar niji vishvavidyalaya hain. teen saarvajanik vishvavidyalaya adelide vishvavidyalaya (1874 mein sthaapit, australia mein teesara sabse purana), flinders vishvavidyalaya (poorv mein) hain. 1966) aur dakshin australia vishvavidyalaya (poorv mein. 1991). chaar niji vishvavidyalaya torrence university australia (poorv. 2013), kaarnegi melan vishvavidyalaya-australia (poorv. 2006), university college landan kaa school off energy aind resources (australia), aur cranfield vishvavidyalaya. sabhi chhahon kaa mukhya parisar adelide mahanagariya kshetra mein haih adelide aur unissa shahar mein uttari chhat parr; shahar mein victoria varg parr see. aim. yuu., yuu. see. ell. aur cranfield saha-sthit hain, aur bedford park mein flinder hain.
adelide vishvavidyalaya australia key aathh pramukh shodh vishvavidyalayon kii ack company, aathh key samooh kaa hissa haye. 2022 taka, ise vishva key sheersh 100 vishvavidyalayon mein seey ack key roop mein uchch shiksha vishva vishvavidyalaya ranking key anusaar sthaan diyaa gayaa haye. yeh australia kaa pahala vishvavidyalaya thaa jisane mahilaaon koo shaikshanik pathyakramon mein pravesh diyaa, aisaa 1881 mein kiya. 2018 mein, adelide vishvavidyalaya aur dakshin australia vishvavidyalaya ney vilay kii yojana kii ghoshana kii, lekin yeye yojanaaen nae vishvavidyalaya kaa naam kyaa rakhaa jaae aur vishvavidyalaya key kulpatiyon mein seey kaun samaamelit vishvavidyalaya kaa kulpati banega, iss parr asahamati key kaaran safal naheen huin.
vyaavsaayik shiksha.
tritiyak vyaavsaayik shiksha panjikrit prashikshan sangathanon (aar. tii. oh. aiss.) kii ack shrinkhala dwara pradaan kii jaati haye joe rashtramandal star parr viniyamit hoti hain. shiksha pradaan karane vaale aar. tii. oh. kii shreni mein saarvajanik, niji aur 'udyam' pradaata shamil hain.ee. una sangathanon koo niyukt karna joe apane swayam key karmchaariyon yaa sadasyon key liye ack aar. tii. oh. chalaate hain.
vyaavsaayik shiksha kaa sabse badaa saarvajanik pradaata dakshin australia haye joe raajya bhar key colleges seey banaa haye, jinamen seey kaee graameen kshetron mein hain, joe adhik seey adhik logon koo tritiyak shiksha pradaan karate hain. dakshin australia mein, taafe koo raajya sarkaar dwara vitt poshit kiya jaataa haye aur ise dakshin australia key aage kii shiksha, rojgar, vigyaan aur praudyogiki vibhaag (dee. aff. ee. aiss. tii.) dwara chalaaya jaataa haye. pratyek taffe saa parisar apani visheshagyata key saath pathyakramon kii ack shrinkhala pradaan kartaa haye.
parivahan.
dakshin australia mein aitihaasik parivahan.
basawat key baad, dakshin australia mein parivahan kaa pramukh roop samudri parivahan thaa. seemit bhoomi parivahan ghode aur bailon dwara pradaan kiya jaataa thaa. 19veen shatabdi key madhya mein, raajya ney ack vyaapak rail network vikasit karna shuru kiya, halanki ack tateey shipping network yuddh key baad kii avadhi taka jaari rhaa.
motor parivahan kii shuruat key saath sadakon mein sudhaar honey lagaa. 19veen shatabdi key anta taka, dakshin australia mein sadak parivahan kaa aantarik parivahan parr prabhutva thaa.
railway.
dakshin australia mein chaar antarrajyiya rail connection hain, nalarber maidan key madhyam seey parth, mahadweep key kendra key madhyam seey darwin, tooty hui pahaadi key madhyam seey nyu south wells aur melburn-joe adelide kii nikatatam rajdhani haye.
raajya key uttar mein kaee khadanon key liye rail parivahan mahatvapurna haye.
rajdhani adelide mein bijli aur deejal seey chalane vaali kaee ikaaiyon seey banaa ack yatri rail network haye, jisake beach 6 laainen hain.
sadaken.
dakshin australia mein shaharon aur anya raajyon koo jodane vaale vyaapak sadak network hain. pramukh mahanagariya kshetron mein sadak parivahan kaa sabse aam roop bhee haye, jisamen kaar parivahan pramukh haye. adelide mein saarvajanik parivahan jyaadaatar bason aur trams dwara poore dinn niyamit sevaaon key saath pradaan kiya jaataa haye.
havaai parivahan.
adelide havaai adda anya rajdhaniyon, pramukh dakshin australiyai shaharon aur kaee antarrashtriya sthaanon key liye niyamit udaanen pradaan kartaa haye. havaai adde parr kaee asiai hubb havaai addon key liye dainik udaanen bhee hain. adelide metro basein jey1 aur jey1aeyeks shahar seey judati hain (lagbhag. 30 minut kii yatra kaa samay), saath hii saath adelide key anya hisson key liye anya sevaaen. maanak kiraya lagu hotaa haye aur tikat havaai adde key buss stop parr tikat machine seey khareede jaa sakate hain. metro tikat key liye adhikatam shulk (sitambar 2016) $5:30 haye; off-peak aur varishth chhoot lagu hoe sakati haye.
nadee parivahan.
murre nadee pahale dakshin australia key liye ack mahatvapurna vyaapaar maarg thaa, jisamen antardeshiya kshetron aur samudra koo jodane vaale paddle steamer they.
samudri parivahan.
dakshin australia mein port adelide mein ack container bandargah haye. tata key saath-saath khanijon aur anaaj key liye kaee mahatvapurna bandargah bhee hain.
port adelide parr yatri terminal samay-samay parr cruze liner dekhta haye.
kangaru dweep cape jervice aur penneshau key beach samudri sampark nauka seva parr nirbhar haye.
saanskritik jeevan.
dakshin australia koo kaee varshon seey kalaa aur bhojan sambandhi tyohaaron kii prachurta key liye "tyohar raajya" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. jabaki kalaa kaa adhikansh drishya adelide mein kendrit haye, raajya sarkaar ney 1990 key dashak seey kshetriya kalaaon koo sakriya roop seey samarthan diyaa haye. isaki abhivyaktiyon mein seey ack 1992 mein banaai gaee deshi kalaa kaa nirmaan thaa.
dyna lella ney 1993 seey 2002 taka kalaa mantri key roop mein apane karyakal key dauran dakshin australia mein kalaa koo aage badhaane key liye bahut kuchh kiya, aur 2002 mein mike raine key sarkaar sambhaalane key baad, unhone 2004 mein ack ranneetik yojana banaai (adyatan 2007) jisamen "uddeshya 4:
rachnaatmaktaa aur navachar koo badhaava denaa.
sitambar 2019 mein, pradhaan mantri key roop mein steven marshel key chunaav key baad kalaa portfolio abb pradhaan mantri aur mantrimandal (dee. pee. see.) key vibhaag key bheetar shamil hoe gayaa, aur 2004 kii ranneetik yojana koo 2018 mein website seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, vibhaag dwara "kalaa aur sanskriti yojana, dakshin australia 2019-2024" banaai gaee thee. marshal ney yojana shuru karate samay kahaah "dakshin australia mein kalaa kshetra pahale seey hii bahut majboot haye lekin yeh 20 varshon seey binaa kissy yojana key kaam curr rhaa haye. haalaanki yeh yojana kissy bhee nae sarkari samarthan kaa sanket naheen detee haye, bhale hii sarkaar ney 2018 mein kalaa dakshin australia koo dee. pee. see. mein shamil karane key baad kalaa vittaposhan mein katauti kii thee. yojana key bheetar vishisht prastaavon mein ack "100 vastuon mein adelide" paidal yatra, chhote seey madhyam kalaa nikaayon key liye ack naee saajha tikat pranali, kshetriya kalaa kendron koo punarjeevit karane key liye ack paanch varsheeya yojana, ack kalaa-kendrit uchch vidyalaya kaa nirmaan, aur adelide symphany orchestra key liye ack nayaa sthaan shamil haye.
khel.
australiyai niyam football.
australiyai niyam football dakshin australia mein sabse lokpriya darshak khel haye. 2006 mein, dakshin australia key logon kii upasthiti darr kissy bhee raajya key khel key liye sabse adhik thee, jisamen pichhale baarah maheenon mein 31 pratishat dakshin australia key loga ack match mein bhaag lete they. dakshin australia australiyai football leag (aeye. aff. ell.) mein dou teams koo maidan mein laataa haih adelaid football club aur port adelaid football club. donon teams key beach ack teevra pratidvandvita haye jise shodown kahaa jaataa haye. dakshin australia mein australiyai niyam football kaa paaramparik ghar paschimi jheelon key paschimi upnagar mein football park thaa, joe 2013 taka donon aeye. aff. ell. teams kaa gharelu maidan thaa. 2014 seey, donon teams ney shahar key kendra key paas, adelide andakar kaa upayog kiya haye, apane gharelu maidan key roop mein.
dakshin australiyai rashtriya football leag (sanfl), joe australiyai football leag key aagaman seey pahale raajya mein pramukh leag thee, ack lokpriya sthaaniya leag haye jisamen duss teemen shamil hainh sturt, port adelide, adelide, west adelide, south adelide, north adelide, norwood, woodwille/west torrence, glenelg aur central district.
adelaid footy leag mein 68 sadasya club shamil hain joe duss varishth prabhagon aur teen junier prabhagon mein prati saptah 110 seey adhik match khelate hain. yeh australia key sabse badey aur sabse majboot australiyai niyam football sanghon mein seey ack haye.
cricket.
cricket dakshin australia mein sabse lokpriya grishmakaaleen khel haye aur badee bheed koo aakarshit kartaa haye. dakshin australia mein ack peshevar cricket team haye, west aind redback, joe garmiyon key dauran adelide park bhoomi mein adelide andakar mein khelate hain; unhone 1996 key baad seey 2010-11 kii garmiyon mein apana pahala khitaab jeetaa. kaee antarrashtriya match adelide andakar mein khele gaye hain; yeh 2015 cricket vishva cup key mezban shaharon mein seey ack thaa, aur kaee varshon taka isane australia divas ack divasiya antarrashtriya kii mejbani kii. dakshin australia mein adelide striker bhee hain, joe ack australiyai purush peshevar twenty-20 cricket team haye, joe australia kii gharelu twenty-20 cricket pratiyogita, bigg baish leag mein pratispardha karati haye.
association football.
adelaid united purushon kii aeye-leag aur mahilaaon kii doubleu-leag mein football mein dakshin australia kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. club kaa gharelu maidan hindmarsh stadium (coopers stadium) haye, lekin yeh kabhi-kabhi adelide andakar mein khel khelata haye.
club kii sthaapana 2003 mein hui thee aur way aeye-leag key 2015-16 season champion hain. club udghaatan 2005-06 aeye-leag season mein bhee pramukh thaa, joe final mein teesare sthaan parr rahane seey pahale baaki pratiyogita seey 7 ank spasht thaa. adelide united bhee 2006-07 aur 2008-09 satron mein ack grand finalist thaa. adelaid ekmatra aeye-leag club haye jisane ack seey adhik avsaron parr asiai champions leag key samooh charanon seey aage badhkar pragati kii haye.
adelaid shahar dakshin australia kaa sabse safal club banaa huaa haye, jisane teen rashtriya football leag khitaab aur teen aine. aiss. ell. cup jeete hain. shahar dakshin australia seey kabhi bhee mahadvipiya khitaab jeetane vaalaa pahala paksh thaa jaba isane 1987 kii oceania club championship kaa daavaa kiya aur isane record 17 dakshin australiyai championship aur 17 federation cup bhee jeete hain.
west adelade 1978 mein rashtriya football leag kaa khitaab jeetane key baad australiyai champion banane vaalaa pahala dakshin australiyai club bunn gayaa. shahar kii tarah, yeh abb rashtriya pramukh leag dakshin australia mein pratispardha kartaa haye aur donon club adelide derby mein pratispardha karate hain.
basketball.
dakshin australia mein bhee basketball key badey anuyaayi hain, jisamen adelide manoranjan kendra mein khelane vaale adelide 36ers hain. 36 khilaadiyon ney rashtriya basketball leag mein pichhale 20 varshon mein chaar championship jeeti hain. hindmarsh mein sthit adelide manoranjan kendra raajya mein basketball kaa ghar haye.
mount gambier key paas ack rashtriya basketball team bhee haye-mount gambier pioneer. agradoot icehouse (burn brunning basketball stadium) mein khelate hain, jisamen 1,000 seey adhik loga baithate hain aur yeh mount gambier basketball association kaa bhee ghar haye. agraduton ney 2003 mein dakshin sammelan aur 2003 mein antim match jeetaa; iss team koo leag mein khelane vaali sheersh paanch teams mein dusare sthaan parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. 2012 mein, club ney 10 varishth khilaadiyon (dou ayaat) aur teen vikas daste key khilaadiyon key roaster key saath apane 25vein satra mein pravesh kiya.
motorsport.
australia kii pramukh motorsport shrinkhala, supercars championship, 1999 seey harr saal dakshin australia kaa daura karati haye. dakshin australia kaa supercars karyakram, adelide 500, adelide street circuit parr aayojit kiya jaataa haye, joe adelide shahar key kendra key poorv mein sadakon aur parklands key madhyam seey ack asthaayi track haye. 2010 key karyakram key liye upasthiti kull 277,800 thee. adelide street circuit key ack pahale key sanskaran ney 1985 seey 1995 taka pratyek varsh australia grand prix, feeya formula vann vishva championship key ack daur kii mejbani kii.
mallala motor sport park, mallala shahar key paas sthit ack sthaayi paripath, adelide seey 58 kimmy uttar mein, poore varsh raajya aur rashtriya star key motor khel donon key liye seva pradaan kartaa haye.
bend motorsport park, ack aur sthaayi paripath haye, joe telem bend key thheek baahar sthit haye.
anya khel.
dakshin australia key 63 pratishat bachchon ney 2002-2003 mein sangathit khelon mein bhaag liya.
aeye. tii. pee. adelaid 1972 seey 2008 taka aayojit ack tennis tournament thaa joe phir brisbane mein sthanantarit hoe gayaa aur vishva tennis chunauti key saath ack peshevar pradarshani tournament key saath pratisthaapit kiya gayaa joe australiyai khuli shrinkhala kaa hissa haye. royal adelide golf club ney australiyai open key nau sanskaranon kii mejbani kii haye, jisamen sabse halia 1998 mein huaa thaa.
raajya ney 1999 seey saikil daud key tahat daure kii mejbani kii haye.
aparaadh.
dakshin australia mein aparaadh kaa prabandhan dakshin australia pulis (sapole), aaparaadhik nyaay pranali mein vibhinn raajya aur sanghiya adalaton aur sudhaar sevaaon key liye raajya vibhaag dwara kiya jaataa haye, joe jail aur remand kendra kaa prashaasan kartaa haye.
raajya mein aparaadh kii sabhi shreniyon key liye aparaadh key aankade 12 maheene key kull key roop mein sapole website parr pradaan kiye jaate hain. rashtriya abbs aparaadh peedit sarvekshan key aparaadh aankade bataate hain kii 2008-09 aur 2017-18 key varshon key beach, dakshin australia mein peedit honey kii darr mein hamale aur adhikansh gharelu aparaadh prakaron key liye girawat aaee haye.
2013 mein adelide koo australia kii sabse surakshit rajdhani kaa darja diyaa gayaa thaa.