
prakriti aarakshit kshetra

prakriti aarakshit () swedish lapland key wasterbotten county mein sorsal aur storumen kii nagar paalikaon mein sthit ack prakriti aarakshit kshetra haye. yeh sweeden kaa sabse badaa praakritik bhandar haye aur europe key sabse badey sanrakshit kshetron mein seey ack haye, kull 562,772 hectare (lagbhag. 5, 628 varg kii. mee.).
adhikansh aarakshit kshetra kaee scandinavian pahaadon seey banaa haye, jinamen mukhya artfazlet, naura storfagelet, amarfazlet aur bjorkfazlet hain. swedish pahaadon key adhikansh paridrishyon kaa pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye. yeh naura storfgellate key spasht alpine charitra seey laker, jisamen reserve, naura citertopen (1,768 meater) kaa mukhya aakarshan shamil haye, pahaadon key aadhar key paas pathaar aur maidanon taka haye. oonchaai mein antar pahaadon mein chattanon kii vividhata koo ujagar kartaa haye. pahaadon mein yume nadee jall nikasi besin kii ghaatiyan aur jalmarg hain. isamen windle nadee kaa ack hissa shamil haye, jisake naam parr reserve kaa naam rakhaa gayaa haye. poorv kii or, oonchaai cumm hoe jaati haye aur pahaad lapland maidanon koo raasta dete hain.
iss paridrishya vividhata mein jaiv vividhata bhee shamil haye. iss abhayaranya mein purvi maidanon mein nordic taiga key praathamik vanon seey laker paschim mein alpine tundra aur berch vann shamil hain. isake alawa, isamen badee sankhya mein ardrabhoomi haye, joe pakshi prajaatiyon kii bahutaayat kaa ghar haye, vishesh roop seey marsiwag mein aur jheel tarnaszone key aspas, jise baad vaalaa ack ramsar site key roop mein maanyata praapt haye. pahaad archtic lomdi key liye bhee ghar hain, joe scandinavia mein ack gambhir roop seey luptapray prajaati haye aur reserve key prateekon mein seey ack haye.
iss kshetra mein pichhale himm yug key anta yaa lagbhag 9000 varshon seey aabaadi haye. mool roop seey, yeh sambhavatah aaj key saami key poorvaj they, joe uttari europe key ack khanabdosh loga they. way shuru mein ikattha karke aur shikaar karke rahate they, vishesh roop seey hiran, lekin dheere-dheere prajanan aur pashupalan parr adharit ack sanskriti vikasit kii, joe transhumance andolanon key pramaan dikhaati haye. iss jeevan shally ney kuchh nishan chhode hain, lekin kuchh jaal, purani neenv, makbare aur vibhinn kalaakritiyaan poore paridrishya mein bikhare hue paae gaye hain. halanki aanshik roop seey swedish mein anuvaadit, iss kshetra mein bhaugolik naam saami key jeevan aur sanskriti parr kuchh jaankaari pradaan karate hain. sweeden ney athaarahavin shatabdi mein raajya seey protsaahan praapt karke iss kshetra mein upanivesh karna shuru curr diyaa. haalaanki, vartamaan aarakshit seemaon mein jansankhya nyuntam rahee. beesavin shatabdi key madhya mein, panbijali udyog kaa vistaar desh key uttar mein huaa aur bijli key liye weendle nadee kaa dohan karane kii koshish kii, lekin paryavaraniya virodh nadee aur usake jalvibhaajak kii raksha karane mein kamyab rahey. 1974 mein, reserve kii sthaapana kii gaee thee, joe windle nadee key jalvibhaajak key pahaadon kii aprabhaavit prakriti kii raksha karati haye. 1988 mein, talhati key praathamik vanon kii raksha key liye reserve kaa vistaar kiya gayaa thaa. haal hii mein kshetra kii suraksha mein sudhaar key liye prakriti abhayaranya koo rashtriya udyaan mein badalane key baare mein charcha hui haye.
nivaasiyon key alawa, reserve sardiyon aur garmiyon donon mein paryatakon seey kaafee gatividhi dekhta haye. lambi paidal yatra mukhya gatividhiyon mein seey ack haye, vishesh roop seey prasiddh kungsladen trail key saath, joe apani lambai key saath reserve koo paar karati haye. garmiyon kii sadakon kaa upayog aksar sardiyon mein cross-country skii trails yaa snomobile trails key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye. anta mein vibhinn paryatan vyavsaayon dwara kaee paaristhitiki paryatan gatividhiyon kii peshkash kii jaati haye. paryatan key alawa, paaramparik gatividhiyon jaise kii himnad charaana, saami dwara, aur shikaar aur machhali pakadana abhee bhee abhyaas kiya jaataa haye. anta mein, pahaadon kaa vyaapak roop seey vaigyaanik anusandhaan key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye, joe ack onn-site anusandhaan kendra kii upasthiti seey sugam hotaa haye.
toponymi.
windle" shabd "windle" shabd seey nikla haye, joe kii swedish kriya key samaan haye, jiska arth haye disha badalana yaa badalana, shayed windle nadee kii ghumaavdaar prakriti key sandarbh mein. swedish mein "windelfgelen" kaa arth haye 'windell pahaad', joe kii uchit haye kyonki windell nadee kaa srot inn pahaadon mein haye.
lapland pahaadon key anya kshetron kii tarah, reserve mein kaee saami naam hain. haalaanki, aage uttar mein pahaadon key vipareet, yahaan way kaee swedish naamon vaale sthaanon key beach rahate hain. udaaharan key liye, shabd ('parvat'), ('jheel'), ('nadee'), aadi. aksar dekhaa jaataa haye. yeh praarambhik swedish basane vaalon dwara saami naamon kaa swedish mein anuvaad karane key saath-saath inn basane vaalon dwara pahale anaam bhaugolik visheshtaon kaa namkaran karane kaa parinam haye.
bhugol.
sthaan aur seemaaen.
reserve westerboaton county key uttar-paschim mein sorsal aur storumen kii nagar paalikaon mein aur lapland, sweeden key aitihaasik praant key dakshin mein sthit haye. yeh lagbhag ack aayat banaata haye joe mukhya roop seey poorv-paschim aksh mein faila huaa haye. paschimi seema norwey kii seema haye, jabaki isaki uttari seema norbotten county key saath seema haye, joe lagbhag bjorkfazlet parvat shrinkhala key shikhar key saath sthit haye. yeh aayat dou sadakon seey vikhandit haye joe aarakshit seey baahar hain. paschim mein, europeeya maarg ee12, jisamen seey iss khand koo ('neela maarg') kahaa jaataa haye, reserve koo dou hisson mein kaatata haye, artfazlet parvat shrinkhala koo baaki reserve seey alag kartaa haye. poorv mein, "lanswag" ("county road" key barabar) 363 windelwein ghaati mein gaharaai seey pravesh kartaa haye aur iss prakaar reserve mein ack nishan banaata haye. kull milakar, iss aarakshit kshetra kaa kshetrafal 562,772 hectare (5,600 varg kilometres seey adhik) haye, joe ise sweeden mein sabse badaa prakriti aarakshit kshetra aur europe mein sabse badey sanrakshit kshetron mein seey ack banaata haye. reserve windelfazalen poorvottar mein norbotten county mein lasdalen prakriti reserve (lasdalen fzallerscog) seey ghiraa huaa haye. pieljekez rashtriya udyaan (sweeden) aur saltfagelate-swartisen rashtriya udyaan (norwey) bhee paas mein hain.
raahat.
windelfazalen reserve mein adhikansh prakaar key swedish paridrishya shamil hain; pahaad, uchch maidan seey laker alpine chotiyaan, pathaaron yaa goal profile parvat shrinkhalaon seey gujarate hue.
reserve key alpine kshetra key kendra mein naura storfagelet parvat shrinkhala haye. iss parvat shrinkhala mein sabse oonchi chotiyaan shamil hain, jinamen naura citertoppen bhee shamil haye, joe 1,768 meater kii oonchaai seey reserve key saath-saath westerbotten county kaa sabse oonchaa bindu haye. parvat shrinkhala kii anya ullekhaniya chotiyaan muscostjucke (1,690 meater) aur sodra citertopen (1685 meater) hain. parvat shrinkhala koo beach mein systerscalate/whitterscalate kii sankeern, gahari ghaati dwara kaataa jaataa haye, joe reserve key prateekon mein seey ack haye aur kabhi-kabhi isaki samamit profile dwara prasiddh laportain seey tulanaa kii jaati haye.
shesh aarakshit kshetra mein ghumaavdaar pahaadiyaan aur kaee ubharati hui parvat shrinkhalaaen hain. reserve key paschimi chhor parr artfazlet haye, joe 1,471 meater parr samaapt hotaa haye. artfazlet mein kaee tej parvat shailiyon key saath-saath kuchh goal chotiyaan bhee hain. reserve mein kendriya roop seey amerfazlet parvat shrinkhala haye, jisamen ack shikhar pathaar apane adhikatam rerogas (1,611 meater) taka pahunchata haye. uttar-poorv mein, bjorkfazlet parvat shrinkhala reserve aur county kii seema banaati haye. kull milakar, isaki ausat oonchaai 800-900 m haye, jisamen reserve key bheetar sabse adhik choti wurrectzaca (1,245 meater) haye. 
vibhinn parvat shrinkhalaon koo kaatate hue kaee ghaatiyan aur nichale ilaake hain. reserve kii mukhya ghaatiyon mein seey ack windelwein nadee ghaati haye, halanki amarnas key dakshin kaa puuraa bhaag badey paimaane parr reserve seey baahar haye. ghaati kaa uttari bhaag kaafee duba huaa haye, joe amarfazlet aur bjorkfazlet parvat shrinkhalaon seey ghiraa huaa haye aur jaba amarnas key paas aataa haye tou ghaati chaudi hoe jaati haye. reserve kaa sabse nichala bindu, samudra tala seey 345 meater kii oonchaai parr, ghaati key dakshin mein, jheel storewindellan key tata parr sthit haye. reserve key kendra mein jheel tarnaszone key aspas cumm oonchaai kaa ack aur badaa kshetra haye. yeh ilaka sapaat haye, jisase ardrabhoomi kaa ack vishal network banaa haye.
anta mein, poorv kii or jaate hue, 1988 mein reserve key vistaar key dauran jode gaye khandon mein, oonchaai dheere-dheere cumm hocker maidan taka pahunchati haye.
jalavaayu.
reserve kii jalavaayu mein mahatvapurna virodhabhas hain. paschimi bhaag paas key atlantic mahasagar seey aardr havaa seey bahut prabhaavit haye. yeh sardiyon mein adhik halka tapman laataa haye, jabaki garmiyon mein tajgi banaae rakhta haye. paas key atlantic mein bhee kaafee matra mein varsha hoti haye. lekin naura storfagelet aur pahaad uttar mein apani nirantarta mein amerfazlet parvat shrinkhala key saath milkar reserve key purvi hisse koo paschim/dakshin-paschim seey chalane vaali havaaon seey bachaate hain. yeh mahasagariya prabhaav koo avaruddh kartaa haye aur adhik mahadvipiya jalavaayu banaata haye. iss prakaar, varsha chhaaya mein sthit amarna kshetra mein prati varsh 600 mimi seey cumm varsha hoti haye, jabaki hemwan, joe door naheen haye, lekin naura storfagelet key paschimi hisse mein sthit haye, lagbhag 750 mimi praapt kartaa haye. pahaadon mein hii, varsha kii matra sthaanon parr 1200 mimi taka pahunch jaati haye. sweeden mein ugane kaa mausam, una dinon kii sankhya key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye jaba ausat tapman 5 degree celsius seey adhik hotaa haye, lagbhag 120 dinn hotaa haye. thhande tapman key kaaran, iss varsha kaa adhikansh hissa burf key roop mein hotaa haye. ausatan pahali baar octuber kii shuruat mein ghaatiyon key beach mein burf girati haye aur aamtaur parr burf kaa aavaran banaa rahata haye.
juuna kii shuruat taka.
hydrography.
windelfazlen pahaadon mein ack samriddh nadee pranali haye joe isake madhyam seey bahati haye. yeh reserve yume nadee key jalvibhaajak key pahaadi hisse key ack badey hisse koo cover kartaa haye aur jalvibhaajak kii mukhya sahayak nadee, windle nadee kii raksha kartaa haye. windle nadee chaar "rashtriya nadiyon" mein seey ack haye jisamen tooty hui nadee, collix nadee aur piet nadee haih uttari sweeden kii chaar mahaan nadiyaan jinka jalvibhaajak baandhon key nirmaan seey poori tarah seey sanrakshit haye aur jiska pravaah vartamaan mein aniyamit haye. windle nadee amarnas seey oopar kii or badee sankhya mein rapid banaati haye.
iss abhayaranya mein kaee anya pramukh nadiyaan hain. julan nadee zultrask jheelon seey nikalati haye aur amarnas mein windle nadee mein mill jaati haye. juktan nadee mahaan jheel överst Jukton seey gujarati haye aur 170 kimmy kii kull lambai key liye reserve key baahar jaari rahati haye. anta mein turna nadee reserve key thheek baahar yume nadee mein shamil honey seey pahale jheel turnaszone seey nikalati haye. yoom nadee swayam reserve key baahar, artfazlet parvat shrinkhalaon aur baaki reserve key beach sthit haye aur reserve key bheetar kii nadiyon key vipareet, isake paani koo viniyamit kiya gayaa haye aur panbijali key liye upayog kiya gayaa haye.
iss abhayaranya mein kaee jheelen hain, jinamen seey sabse badee aksar ghaatiyon kii sthalaakriti key baad ack lamba aakar rakhti hain. dou sabse badee jheelen överst-jukton aur tárnasjön hain, donon lagbhag 20 kimmy lambi hain. tarnaszone vishesh roop seey jheel key dakshini teesare hisse mein badee sankhya mein chhote dweepon key liye ullekhaniya haye, joe paani aur vann kaa ack mozek banaata haye, joe jheel key dakshin mein sabse badey ardrabhoomi bhandar mein seey ack taka faila huaa haye. ack aur vishal ardrabhoomi, livamirane, jheel key uttar mein sthit haye. yeh 20 varg kii. mee. seey cumm naheen haye aur isamen sweeden key sabse dakshini palsa key avashesh shamil hain. ack aur mahatvapurna ardrabhoomi, halanki cumm vyaapak haye, amarfazlet parvat shrinkhala mein marsiwag haye. anta mein, kaee ardrabhoomi poorv mein nichali oonchaai key kshetron mein bikhare hue hain.
anta mein, paani una kshetron mein glaciers key roop mein paaya jaataa haye jahaan oonchaai 1,600 meater seey adhik haye, yaa dusare shabdon mein, naura storfagelet parvat shrinkhala mein aur sthaaniya roop seey amarfazlet mein adhik paaya jaataa haye. glacier key naamon mein mertserglassieren, musconiveglycerane, naura citerglassieren, tarnaglacieren, ostra aur vastra scrapetzecaglacieran aur ostra citerglassieren shamil hain, jinka adhyayan unnisvin shatabdi key anta seey kiya gayaa haye.
bhoovigyaan.
gathan.
windelfgelen scandinavian alps kaa hissa haye, joe caledonian belt kii yaad dilaata haye. baad vaalaa scotland, ireland, greenland aur swallbard key pahaadon kaa mool bhee haye. caledonian orogeny vaha yug haye joe 420 aur 400 maay key beach laurentia aur baltica plates kii takkar seey judaa huaa haye, jisamen upashaman dwara ipetus mahasagar gayab hoe jaataa haye. iss ghatana key dauran, parat key tukade overlap hoe jaate hain, jisase thrust sheet banati haye. inn paraton mein seey ack, vishesh roop seey, seev-coley parat, badey paimaane parr mahasagariya parat seey bunny hoti haye. inn paraton koo parvat shrinkhala (ophiolite) key bheetar antarnihit paaya jaa sakata haye. inmein vibhinn chattaanen hoti hainh seev parat mukhya roop seey kathor chattanon jaise ubhayachar aur gabros yaa abhrak kii bahut kathor kismon seey bunny hoti haye, jabaki coley parat mein mukhya roop seey shaile jaisi naram chattaanen hoti hain. sev-coley kii yeh chaadar reserve key bhoovigyaan parr haavi haye, mukhya apavaad artfazlet parvat shrinkhalaon seey laker jheel övre Åltsvattnet taka kaa kshetra haye, jisamen choona patthar seey bharpur rödingsfjall parat hoti haye. amarna aur anya sthaanon mein, ack madhya parat joe philite dwara prabhutva rakhti haye, koo seev-coley parat key madhyam seey ack khidki kii tarah dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
pahaadi shrinkhala koo ack penplane banaane key liye lagaatar nasht kiya gayaa haye. haalaanki, lagbhag 60 ma (senozoic) seey, scandinavian penneplane vyaapak vivartanik utthaan seey gujra haye. isake kaaran spasht naheen hain aur kaee parikalpanaaen prastaavit kii gaee hain. ack siddhant yeh haye kii icelandic plume kaa prabhaav parat koo oopar uthaa sakata haye. ack anya parikalpana bataati haye kii himnadon seey sambandhit samasthaaniktaa hui hogi. kaaran joe bhee hoe, vidroh ney pracheen channel koo kabhi-kabhi 2000 meater seey adhik taka badhane diyaa.
bhoo-aakriti vigyaan.
jabaki scandinavian alps dheere-dheere oonchaai badhaate hain, kataav iss dheemi vriddhi koo nakaar sakata haye. jabaki isamen nadee kaa kataav shamil haye, vishesh roop seey chaturthak key mahaan himnadon key dauran (1.5 ma seey) himanadiya kataav kaa shrinkhala aur aarakshit kshetra key vartamaan bhoo-aakriti vigyaan parr sabse adhik prabhaav padaa haye. glaciers ney vikas kiya aur ghaatiyon parr aakraman kiya, aur phir dheere-dheere ack nirantar burf kii chaadar banaane key liye ekikrit hoe gaye joe poori tarah seey kshetra koo dhaka detaa thaa. chattanon kii prakriti kaa himnadon key kataav kii matra parr kaafee prabhaav padaa. coley parat kii adhikansh naram chattaanen jaldi seey nasht hoe gaeen, jabaki seev parat kii chattaanen kataav key liye adhik pratirodhi theen. iss prakaar, store-aggert kii chotiyon key saath-saath amerfazlet, rerogais, sulive aur stubbeck parvat shrinkhalaon mein vartamaan mein ubhayachar hotey hain aur inmein khadee nakkashi hoti haye. isi tarah, artfazlet aur naura storfagelet parvat shrinkhalaon key uchchatam binduon mein kaafee hudd taka gabro hotey hain. jall pravaah kii samanya disha bhee raahat koo prabhaavit karati haih paraten paschim seey poorv kii or badhati hain, jiska arth haye kii paschim kii or jhukaav vaali dhalaanen samanya roop seey komal hoti hain, jabaki purvi dhalaanen aksar khadee hoti hain. himanadiya aakriti vigyaan key sabse adhik dikhaai dene vaale sanket himanadiya ghaatiyan aur yuu-ghaatiyan hain, jaise kii citerscalate, windelwein ghaati kaa sheersh, scableskelet, aadi. kuchh chaalees chhote himnad gaddhe yaa sthaan bhee hain, joe sabse adhik poorv kii or hain, joe kinare kii or hain.
jaba himnad antim himm yug key anta mein peechhe hutt gaye, tou poorv kii badee burf kii chaadar aksar pahaadi ghaatiyon kii tulanaa mein adhik samay taka jeevit rahee. isake parinamswarup, kaee jheelen bunn gaeen kyonki paschim mein pahaadon aur poorv mein glaciers key beach paani funce gayaa thaa. tzultrask mein marsiwag jheel aur tarnaszone jheel jaisi jheelon ney jalodh chhatein chhod dee hain. udaaharan key liye, lagbhag 700 meater kii oonchaai parr turnaszone key uttar-paschim mein ack jalodh chhat dekhi jaa sakati haye. glaciers kaa peechhe hatna bhee paridrishya mein vibhinn prakaar key morens failata haye. terminal morine key alawa, jheel tarnaszone key dakshin mein dweepsamuh key liye jimmedaar rogen morine kaa ack utkrisht udaaharan bhee haye. ghaati key paschim kii or 3 kimmy lambe ack achchi tarah seey baney morine koo dekhaa jaa sakata haye; isaki utpatti abhee bhee achchi tarah seey samajh mein naheen aaee haye. kuchh eskers reserve key kuchh kshetron mein bhee paae jaa sakate hain.
artfazlet-övre Åltsvattnet kaa kshetra himnad sanrachanaon key baahar paaya jaataa haye, aur ack carst sthalaakriti kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. bhoomigat sinkhole aur dhaaraon key alawa, inn carst sanrachanaon kii sabse ullekhaniya visheshta gufaayen hain, joe sweeden mein sabse badee hain.
praakritik vatavaran.
windelfazalen prakriti aarakshit kshetra mein scandinavian alps key lagbhag sabhi praakritik vatavaran shamil hain. doubleu. doubleu. aff. vargeekaran key anusaar, yeh scandinavian berch vann, scandinavian maidanon aur russie taiga key sthaliya paaristhitiki kshetron mein faila huaa haye. kull milakar, iss abhayaranya mein lagbhag 500 varg kii. mee. praathamik shankudhari vann, 1600 varg kii. mee. seey adhik berch vann (sweeden mein sabse badaa sanrakshit berch vann), lagbhag 1600 varg kii. mee. alpine moordland aur lagbhag 300 varg kii. mee. pietland hain, jinamen kaee awas sthaayi himnad, alpine nadiyaan, palsa taar, alpine aur boreal ghaas key maidan aur ghaas key maidan, pahaadi ghaas key maidan aur praakritik nadiyaan hain. 
reserve mein rahane vaali kaee prajaatiyon koo awas nirdesh aur europeeya sangh key pakshi nirdesh mein shamil kiya gayaa haye aur/yaa rashtriya yaa antarrashtriya star parr khatare mein maanaa jaataa haye, joe praakritik 2000 network mein reserve key vargeekaran koo mahatvapurna pakshi kshetra key roop mein uchit thaharaata haye. isake alawa, jheel tarnaszone koo ack ramsar sthal (11,800 hectare kaa kshetra) key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye.
vanaspati.
taiga.
scandinavian taiga shankudhari vann mein mukhya roop seey scots pine (pinus sylvesteris) aur norwey spruce (pisa abis) hotey hain. halanki, aarakshit kshetra key bheetar, spruce aamtaur parr haavi hotaa haye, aur cheed kewal sthaaniya kshetron mein paaya jaataa haye. taiga mukhya roop seey 600 meater seey cumm kii oonchaai parr ugataa haye, lekin kuchh alag-alag spruce ghaatiyon mein aage key oopar key jangalon mein paae jaate hain.
reserve mein shuru mein juktan ghaati kaa taiga kshetra shamil naheen thaa, lekin 1988 mein vistaar ney teen nae taiga kshetron koo laayaah geartsbacksdalen, matsorkliden aur kyrgeslandate. inn samriddh vanon koo aarakshit kshetra key bheetar suraksha kii aavashyakta thee aur vishesh roop seey praathamik vann honey kii prakriti key kaaran moolyavaan hain, dusare shabdon mein, way kabhi naheen kaate gaye hain. yeye praathamik vann kaee prajaatiyon key liye bhee mahatvapurna hain, jinamen seey kaee taiga key gahan vanon kii kataai seey khatare mein hain. swedish pahaadon key tala seey aur shrinkhala kii poori lambai key saath, yeye vann ack moolyavaan nirantarta banaate hain, joe yahaan kaee prajaatiyon key astitva key liye aavashyak haye. anta mein, jabaki shesh praathamik vann aksar poshak tatvon key cumm star parr hotey hain, reserve key kuchh kshetron koo utpaadak maanaa jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey kyrgeslandate, aadarsh roop seey dakshin-paschim key sampark mein aataa haye aur iss prakaar advitiya vanaspatiyon key liye ack paaristhitik sthaan pradaan kartaa haye. pahaad key paas, poorv key maidani ilaakon kii tulanaa mein aag cumm lagati haye.
vanaspati key sandarbh mein, vann lycane aur lignicolus kavak kii apekshaakrit durlabh yaa luptapray prajaatiyon kaa ghar hain.
berch vann.
berch vann upa-alpine scandinavian alps kii ack visheshta haye. yeye down berch ("betula pubescence") kii ack upa-prajaati hain jinhen aksar crocked berch ("betula pubense" upa-prajaati kahaa jaataa haye. tortuosa) isake aakar key kaaran. yeye vann shankudhari kii seema (500 aur 600 meater key beach) seey shuru hotey hain aur lagbhag 800 meater kii oonchaai parr vriksh rekha banaate hain, halanki yeh ilaake key aadhar parr kaafee parivartansheel haye. iss prakaar way reserve key pramukh madhya kaa gathan karate hain. vibhinn prakaar key berch vanon koo cumm vriddhi kii prakriti key aadhar parr vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye; windelfazalen mein, mukhya roop seey tathaakathit mossy berch vann aur ghaas key maidan berch vann hain. doosari or, lycane seey samriddh vann iss kshetra mein durlabh hain, lekin aage uttar mein bahut aam hain.
kaaee seey bharpur vann sabse aam hain. unake undergroth jangalon mein kaaee aur blueberry ("vaccinium mertillus") aur cumm ghaas kaa prabhutva haye. doosari or, prayeri vann una kshetron mein paae jaate hain jahaan choona patthar adhik aam haye, jaise kii artfazlet parvat shrinkhala yaa dhoop vaale kshetron mein aur paani taka achchi pahunch key saath, jaise kii jheel key uttari tata parr store-tzultrasket, dakshin kii or yaa jheel överst-Jukan key uttar mein aivaak key paas windle nadee ghaati key kshetron mein. ghaas kii prajaatiyon kii vividhata key saath vahaan kii cumm vriddhi kaheen adhik samriddh haye.
ardrabhoomi.
reserve mein aamtaur parr upa-alpine kshetron mein kaee ardrabhoomi hain. yeh bhaari matra mein aapaa bogh haye, jise taar vaale bogh bhee kahaa jaataa haye, kyonki inn daldal dwara liya gayaa roop haye. vahaan ugane vaale mukhya paudhe spagnum, sages aur vilo hain, halanki kuchh peat baune berch, khargosh kii poonchh vaale cottongrass (aeriophorum yonitum), heather jhaadiyan (coluna vulgaris), bogh blueberry (vaccinium aliginosum) aur cloudberry (rubus chamemorus) bhee hain. 
ghaas key maidan aur ghaas key maidan.
alpine mein mukhya roop seey moordlands aur alpine ghaas key maidan shamil hain. suvidha key liye, ise nichale, madhya aur oopari alpine staron mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye.
nichale alpine star koo vilo star bhee kahaa jaataa haye kyonki vilo kii kaee prajaatiyon kii upasthiti hoti haye, jaise kii down vilo (salix laponum) aur gray vilo (salix glaca). yeye aksar baune berch (betula naana) key saath mill jaate hain, kabhi-kabhi ghaney jhaadiyan banaate hain yeye jhaadiyan aamtaur parr nichale alpine key nichale hisson mein sthit hoti hain, aur berch jangalon aur uchch oonchaai vaale ghaas vaale maidanon key beach ack sankraman key roop mein kaary karati hain. europeeya goldenroad (solidago vargariya) aur blueberry bhee iss star parr paae jaate hain. berch vann adhik samvedansheel hain aur iss star parr sthaaniya jalavaayu seey dridhata seey prabhaavit hain. sookhi bhoomi parr, kauve (empetrum nigram) ack pramukh prajaati haye. havaa key sampark mein aaney vaale kshetron mein, kewal baune azelia (kalamiya prokumbens) aur alpine bairberry (archtostaphilos alpina) vikasit hotey hain. isake vipareet, chundaar mitty mein, parvatiya pakshiyon (dry octopatela) jaise ghaas key maidan aur ghaas key maidanon kii jhaadiyan adhik matra mein hoti hain. yeh vishesh roop seey artfazlet parvat shrinkhala kaa mamla haye, joe apani samriddh vanaspatiyon key liye prasiddh haye. vaastav mein naam kaa anuvaad 'kaee prajaatiyon kaa parvat' key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. ghaas key maidanon mein bhediye kii-tala (aconitum lycoctonum), alpine sou-thissel (cicerbita alpina) aur globflower (trollius europius) sahit kaee rangeen vanaspatiyaan bhee dikhaai detee hain.
madhyam alpine star mein, jise aksar blueberry kii seema seey oopar key kshetra key roop mein paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye, prajaatiyon kii sankhya bahut cumm hoe jaati haye aur jameen teji seey kharaab hoe jaati haye. kewal sabse adhik lachila paudhe panapate hain; jaise baune azelia, kauve, neela heath (phylodos kairulia), kaaee kii ghanti heather (harrimanella hypenoids), pincussion plant (diapensia laponica) aur glacier buttercup (runnonculus glacialis).
joe paudhe oopari alpine star (1300 meater seey adhik) mein jeevit reh sakate hain, way mukhya roop seey kaaee aur lycane taka seemit hain, halanki buttercup glacier kabhi-kabhi inn oonchaai parr bhee paae jaate hain.
jeev-jantu.
jaanvaron key liye vanaspati kaa star bhee mahatvapurna haih prajaatiyon kii vividhata cumm oonchaai parr, vishesh roop seey jangalon mein bahut adhik haye. haalaanki paudhon key vipareet, janwar shayed hii kabhi ack vishesh star taka seemit hotey hain.
standhari.
swedish vanon kii visheshta vaale kaee standhaariyon kaa ghar. ack vishisht udaaharan moos (ellyses ellis) haye, joe pramukh ghaatiyon mein shankudhari aur berch jangalon mein mahatvapurna sankhya mein maujood haye. tarna nadee una pahale sthalon mein seey ack thee jahan eurasian beaver (arandi fiber) koo 1924 mein sweeden mein phir seey pesh kiya gayaa thaa, 1871 mein prajaatiyon key kull gayab honey key baad. sweeden mein pramukh swedish shikari bhee khatare mein hain, joe weindelfgelen mein achchi tarah seey sthaapit hain. 2004 mein eurasian links key cumm seey cumm teen parivaar (links links, sweeden mein ack kamjor prajaati), joe inn jaanvaron key kshetron kii seema koo dekhate hue mahatvapurna haye. braun bhalu (ursus arctose, sweeden mein kamjor prajaati) kabhi weendell nadee ghaati mein prachur matra mein thaa, aur haalaanki way abhee bhee reserve mein maujood hain, unaki sankhya mein kaafee kamee aaee haye. eurasian bhediya (canis lupus lupus, sweeden mein gambhir roop seey luptapray) iss kshetra seey poori tarah seey gayab hoe gayaa haye. anta mein, reserve mein wolverin (gulo gulo, jise sweeden mein luptapray key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye) achchi tarah seey sthaapit haye. haalaanki yeh aam taur parr ack vann pashu haye, lekin yeh abb sweeden key jangalon mein pahaadon key paas key alawa maujood naheen haye aur koee apavaad naheen haye. yeh sambhavatah amarfazlet key aspas badee aabaadi key kaaran haye. anya shikariyon mein laal lomdi (vulps vulps) shamil haye, joe adhikansh swedish pahaadon kii tarah teji seey fail rhaa haye aur tundra mein bhee archtic lomdi (vulps lagopus) key saath pratispardha curr rhaa haye.
standhaariyon kii kaee prajaatiyan alpine tundra kii adhik visheshataaen hain, jaise kii raindear (rangifer tarrends). desh key baaki hisson kii tarah, raindear sabhi gharelu hain aur saami gaanvon seey sambandhit hain, lekin ardh-swatantrata kii sthiti mein rahate hain. kull milakar, windelfazalen parvat shrinkhala mein 20,000 seey adhik raindear they. scandinavian tundra laming prajaati kii ack anya visheshta norwey laming (lemus lemus) haye. isaki prasiddhi vishesh roop seey isake aavadhik jansankhya visfoton parr ticky hui haye. vaastav mein, ausatan harr chaar saal mein, inn krintakon kii sankhya naatakiya roop seey badh jaati haye aur jaldi seey marane seey pahale badey kshetron parr aakraman curr degi. anukool mausam kii sthiti aur bhojan taka achchi pahunch tej jansankhya vriddhi key sabse sambhaavit kaaran hain. unaki saamoohik mrityu koo cumm achchi tarah seey samajha jaataa haye, shayed unaki atyadhik khapat yaa aabaadi key beach mahamari key prasaar key kaaran vanaspati mein kamee seey sambandhit haye. chaahe joe bhee hoe, yeh ghatana pahaad key poore paaristhitiki tantra key liye behad mahatvapurna haye. yeh vishesh roop seey reserve key sabse prateekaatmak janwar; archtic lomdi key liye mamla haye. yeye lomadiyan lagbhag vishesh roop seey laming jansankhya visfot key varshon mein prajanan karati hain. scandinavian alps mein kewal 200 archtic lomdi hain, aur isaliye sweeden mein ise gambhir roop seey luptapray key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. iss prajaati key liye sabhi pahaadon key sabse mahatvapurna kshetron mein seey ack haye, aur yeh sakriya roop seey sanrakshit haye. inn chhote kutton key liye bjorkfjelet parvat shrinkhala windelfgelen key sabse achche kshetron mein seey ack haye, lekin way artfgelet parvat shrinkhala mein bhee maujood hain.
pakshiyon.
pakshiyon kii kaee prajaatiyon key liye ack ghonsala banaane vaalaa sthal, apane aavason kii vistrit vividhata key kaaran, lekin vishesh roop seey isaki kaee ardrabhoomi, vishesh roop seey jheel tarnaszone key aspas aur marsiwag ghaati mein shamil hain. akele marsiwag ghaati koo lagbhag 120 vibhinn prajaatiyon key liye ack ghonsala banaane kaa sthaan maanaa jaataa haye.
inn ardrabhoomi mein kaee prajaatiyon key enceriform shamil hain, jaise kii samanya scotter (melanita nigra), lambi poonchh vaali battakh (clangula hymelis), samanya goldeni (busefala clangula), tufted batakh (aythya fuligula), grater scap (aythya marilla), mallards (enas plattinchos), eurasian vision (enas penelope), laal chhaati vaalaa mergancer (serguster), laal gardan vaalaa falaropes (phalaropus lobatus), aur samanya gosander (mergus mergancer).
cumm safed-saamane vaalaa huns (ancer erythropus), ack luptapray prajaati, joe pahale jheel tarnaszone key aspas basaa huaa thaa, lekin kaee varshon seey vahaan naheen dekhaa gayaa haye; haalaanki yeh abhee bhee niyamit roop seey apane pravaas parr amarnas delta kaa upayog kartaa haye. tatvarti pakshiyon kii kaee prajaatiyan bhee hain, jaise kii lakadi kaa sandpiper (tringa glerola), aam redshank (tringa totanus), dunlin (caledris alpina), baingani sandpiper (caledris maritima), aam sandpiper (actitis hypolecos), aam snippe (galinago galinago), ruff (philomachus pugnox) aur whimbrail (neumanius pheopus). ardrabhoomi key paas moors parr, eurasian dotterail (charadrius morinellus) aur europeeya golden plover (pluvialis apricaria) bhee haye. kaale galey vaalaa lune (gavia archtica) aur ausprey (pandion heliatus) aamtaur parr jheelon key paas ghonsala banaate hain.
ardrabhoomi hii ekmatra sthaan naheen haye jahan aarakshit kshetra mein pakshi hain. tzultrask ghaati mein aayojit niyamit inventory seey pataa chalata haye kii ack varg kilometres key berch jangalon mein 400 seey 500 jode pakshiyon kaa ghonsala haye, jinamen seey aadhe vilo warbler (phyloscopus trokillus) hain. yeye vann aur alpine vilo jhaadiyan bluethroat (lasinia swesika), lapland longpur (calcarius laponicus) aur vilo tarmigan (lagopus lagopus) kaa kshetra bhee hain. doosari or, moordlands uttari wheater (oenenthe oenenthe), medo pipit (anthus pretensis) aur kabhi-kabhaar seeng vaale lark (erimophila alpestris) kaa kshetra haye. adhik oonchaai parr, pakshi viral hotey hain, lekin iss kshetra mein burf key bunting (plactrophenox nivlis) paae jaa sakate hain. anta mein, pahaad sunhare cheel (aquilla chrisatus), khurdare pair vaale buzzard (beautio lagopus), aam kaua (corvus corax), burfley ullu (bubo scandiacus) lambi poonchh vaale jegger (stercorius longicadus), zirefelcon (baaz rusticolus) aur peregrin baaz (baaz peregrinus) key liye ack mahatvapurna shikaar sthal hain.
itihas.
pragaitihasik aur saami aapravaasan.
lagbhag 9000 saal pahale antim himm yug key anta mein burf key peechhe hatane key baad pahale manushya pahaadon mein pahunche they. yeh uttari scandinavia mein rahane vaale ack khanabdosh logon, saami key poorvaj hoe sakate hain. way shuru mein shikaar aur ikattha karke rahate they, raindear sambhavatah unakaa mukhya sansaadhan thaa. amarnas gaanv mein teekhe patthar, mitty key bartan aur club paae gaye hain, quartz key tukade, teer key sir tzultrask key paas paae gaye they aur dakshin mein turnasses key forsavan key paas ack patthar key chaku key tukade paae gaye they. jheelon biolozour, overumen aur store-lesson key paas patthar yug key nivaason key nishan dekhe jaa sakate hain. yeye sabhi nishan aur kalaakritiyaan cumm seey cumm 4,000 seey 5,000 saal pahale kii hain. pahaadon mein bhee himnad pitfall system kii khoj kii gaee haye, una kshetron mein jahaan himnad apane vaarshik pravaas key dauran ghoomata thaa. ise aksar ack yaa dou meater kii gaharaai taka lagbhag dou gunaa teen meater key chhed key roop mein sthaapit kiya jaataa thaa, joe aksar ack dusare seey bees yaa tees meater kii doori parr hotaa thaa. way ghaas yaa pattiyon seey dhake hue they, aur shayed isake girane key dauran janwar koo maarne key liye neeche spikes they. iss prakaar key kaee jaal aarakshit kshetra mein maujood hain. jaal aksar berch vanon kii seema parr banaae jaate they, halanki ack durlabh uchch oonchaai kaa jaal windlecrocken mein paaya gayaa haye. kuchh jaal abhee bhee 700-800 saal pahale upayog kiye jaate they, jisake baad saami logon ney apani jeevan shally badal dee aur jangli raindear koo fansaane key bajaay gharelu raindear transhumance kaa paalan karna shuru curr diyaa. iss abhayaranya mein duss pracheen saami kabron kii khoj kii gaee haye. aspas key paridrishya kaa drishya dekhane key liye unhein aksar oopar rakhaa jaataa thaa. dou makbare jheel tarnaszone key uttar mein ack chhoti see pahaadi parr sthit hain joe daldal koo dekh rahee haye. jheel tarnaszone key dakshin mein, dweepon parr kabrein bhee hain, joe athaarahavin aur unnisvin shatabdi kii hain, shayed unhein shikariyon seey bachaane key liye vahaan rakhaa gayaa haye.
avasheshon mein, paaramparik saami nivaason kii tulanaa mein vyaapak neenv bhee hain, saami kinvadantiyaan inhen ack stallo, ack dusht rakshas key saath jodati hain. haal key adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii yeh vaastav mein sabse purani gyaat saami basti haye. reserve mein, yeye badee neenv aksar trap key paas sthit hoti hain. udaaharan key liye, inmein seey kuchh windelcrocken mein aur kaee jheel overuman key paas hain. stallo koo aksar moorkh key roop mein varnit kiya jaataa haye lekin unamen atimaanviya shakti hoti haye. jheel key paas kuchh chhote kankad parr ack vishal patthar rakhaa gayaa haye jiska naam giangeljaur haye, jiska shaabdik arth haye 'patthar kaa stallo'. kinvadanti bataati haye kii ack stallo ney apani taakat saabit karane key liye yahaan ack patthar rakhaa hoga.
iss aarakshit kshetra mein badee sankhya mein aise sthaan hain jinhen saami pavitra maanate hain, jinhen "ced" bhee kahaa jaataa haye. inn pavitra sthaanon koo saami sthaanon key naamon mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. iles", "paas", "pays", "saivo" yaa "akka" shabd, joe kaee sthaanon key naamon mein dikhaai dete hain, pavitra shabd hain. udaaharan key liye, ack lakadi kii moorti, joe abb nordic sangrahalaya mein pradarshit kii gaee haye, "aailzok" naamak ack nadee key paas jheel överst-Jukton key paas ack chattan key chhed mein paaee gaee thee. prashnagat chhed vaastav mein ack aisee jagah thee jahan saami lakadi yaa anya jaanvaron kii haddiyon kaa balidan karane key aadee they. isi tarah kaa ack sthal jheel key paas rosapakte haye.
sambhavatah kaee kabrein aur pavitra sthal hain joe gyaat naheen hain, kyonki saami sambhavatah una sthalon koo loot seey bachaana chaahte they.
beesavin shatabdi key baad seey, samiyon key jeevan kaa tarika kaafee teji seey vikasit huaa haye. parivartanon mein seey ack ateet mein atee-sheetkaleen aur grishmakaaleen charagah sthalon key beach pargaman key dauran upayog kiye jaane vaale kaee kaataa kaa parityag haye. inn praathamik parityakt imaraton koo dheere-dheere prakriti dwara leey liya gayaa thaa aur dhyaan denaa mushkil hoe gayaa haye, halanki kuchh koo paaramparik saami jeevan key gawah key roop mein bahaal kiya gayaa haye.
swedish upanivesh.
athaarahavin shatabdi kii shuruat seey, sweeden key loga iss kshetra mein aaney lagey aur ghaatiyon mein basane lagey. haalaanki unnisvin shatabdi taka koee gaanv naheen they.jee. 1830 mein jheel key aspas key kshetra mein gaanv banaae gaye they. pahala ghar 1826 mein banaaya gayaa thaa, aur 1850 mein gaanv pahale seey hii achchi tarah seey banaa huaa thaa. iss upanivesh koo raajya dwara karon yaa anya visheshadhikaron seey chhoot key madhyam seey protsaahit kiya gayaa thaa. adhikansh vartamaan gaanv iss avadhi key hain. kaee churchon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, kabhi-kabhi sweeden kii sthaapana seey pahale bhee, haal hii mein prachaar kiye gaye saami key liye pooja key sthaan key roop mein seva karane key liye. udaaharan key liye, bhandar key paas, storewindeln key tata parr, jilinale kaa chappel, mool roop seey 1750 mein banaaya gayaa thaa, aur vilaa kaa chappel 1723 mein jheel overumen key paas banaaya gayaa thaa, lekin 1751 mein norwey kii seema key parivartan key baad ise chhod diyaa gayaa thaa aur chaar saal baad aag lugg gaee thee. reserve key bheetar, jheel överst-jukton key dakshin mein, ack church, vikatoriyakrakan bhee haye, joe 1938 mein banaaya gayaa thaa jaba isaki or jaane vaali koee sadak naheen theeh site parr lakadi kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. church mein shamil honey key liye 1970 key dashak key madhya mein ack sadak banaai gaee thee. church key aspas kaee chhoti sampattiyan sthit hain, jinamen kheti kii bhoomi key chhote kshetra hain. inn kshetron koo abb chhod diyaa gayaa haye yaa shikaar yaa machhali pakadane key liye mausami roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye.
abb lambi paidal yatra key maarg key roop mein upayog kiye jaane vaale kaee maarg mool roop seey parvat nivaasiyon key liye sanchaar maarg they. udaaharan key liye, jilinale chappel mein kaary karane vaale pujari koo bhee 70 kimmy door tarnaby chappel kii yatra karni thee, aur vahaan kaary karna thaa. sadak kii kamee key kaaran, donon churchon key beach ack raasta banaaya gayaa thaa. reserve key dakshin seey hocker jaane vaalaa yeh maarg aaj bhee maujood haye. ack anya udaaharan ack aisaa maarg haye joe amarnas seey shuru hotaa haye aur windle nadee ghaati kaa anusaran kartaa haye aur phir windlecrocken mein shamil hoe jaataa haye aur phir norwey kii seema koo paar karke moe aaee raanaa taka jaataa haye. iss maarg kaa upayog unnisvin shatabdi key madhya mein norwey mein apekshaakrit sastaa kiraane kaa saman khareedane key liye kiya gayaa thaa, swedish logon key liye aarthik roop seey kathin samay key dauran. 50 kilogram key karib bhaar key saath sou kilometres kii yeh yatra bahut chunautipurna thee, aur inmein seey kuchh, "jaise kii amarna key joseph bergland, sthaaniya kinvadantiyan bunn gaeen. 1892 seey ack vishesh roop seey kathin varsh, logon ney sansadhanon key parivahan key liye ghodon kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa, aur inn sadakon key saath-saath bhandar aur cottage banaana padaa, jaise kii vitzul aur dalwardo. yeh vyaapaar pratham vishva yuddh taka jaari rhaa.
kshetra kii suraksha.
kshetra key sanrakshan kaa pahala prastaav 1930 mein aaya thaa jaba kyrgeslandate koo ack rashtriya udyaan banane kaa prastaav diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin aisaa naheen huaa. 1950 key dashak mein, panbijali vikas desh mein apane jalashayon kaa nirmaan curr rahey they (yeh bhee dekhein-sweeden mein oorjaa), lekin inn bijli sanyantron key paryavaraniya prabhaav key khilaf pahale seey hii chinta jataai jaa rahee thee. vishesh roop seey, yume nadee aur windle nadee key vikas key baare mein garamagaram charcha hui. isake kaaran 1961 mein "saagarak kii shaanti" () naamak ack samjhauta huaa jisane kuchh nadiyon parr vikas koo rokaa aur badale mein yoom nadee sahit anya nadiyon koo vikasit karane kii swatantrata dee. iss pariyojana key tahat pahaadi windelwein jalvibhaajak key kissy bhee hisse kii raksha key liye vichaar bhee badhaa, reserve, jise (windle nadee aur isaki mukhya sahayak nadee key baad) kaa reserve kahaa jaataa haye, 7,400 kimmy2 seey adhik kaa vistaar karega, jisamen seey 4,800 kimmy2 westerbotten county mein aur baaki norbotten county mein hoga. 1973 mein, county aur naturewardsworket key pratinidhiyon seey banaa ack kaary samooh banaaya gayaa thaa, lekin norbotten county shamil naheen huaa. antatah, 25 farwari, 1974 koo kewal westerbotten county mein shamil hisse koo weindelfzalen key naam seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa aur julaai 1975 mein sarkaar dwara isaki pushti kii gaee thee. reserve sanrakshan yojana antatah 1978 mein prakaashit kii gaee thee. reserve key nirmaan key sambandh mein prasiddh lambi paidal yatra trail kungsladen phir hemwan aur amarna key beach faili hui thee.
1980 key dashak mein, naturwardsworket (sweeden kii paryaavaran sanrakshan agency) ney praathamik vanon kii ack badee rashtriya soochi kaa prabandhan kiya, aur chaar saal baad ack report jaari kii. praathamik vann key kuchh kshetron kaa aavishkaar pahale seey hii windelfazalen reserve mein shamil kiya jaa chuka thaa, isaliye yeh swabhavik thaa kii 25 janwari, 1988 koo, praathamik shankudhari vanon kyrgeslandate, matsorliden aur geartsbackdalen key atirikt reserve koo 5500 varg kimmy seey adhik taka badhaaya gayaa thaa. 1993 mein, poori windle nadee koo antatah ack rashtriya nadee () ghoshit kiya gayaa, joe kissy bhee panbijali vikas key khilaf sthaayi roop seey isaki aur isaki sabhi sahayak nadiyon kii raksha karati haye. anta mein, poore reserve koo praakritik 2000 network mein shamil kiya gayaa.
2008 mein prakaashit rashtriya udyaanon kii apani doosari disha yojana mein, prakriti aarakshit kshetra kii sthiti koo rashtriya udyaan mein parivartit karke badalane kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa thaa. rashtriya udyaan kaa darja swedish kaanoon key tahat prakriti sanrakshan kaa uchchatam star haye. 2007 mein, sorsal kii nagarpalika kii nagar parishad ney parivartan parr praarambhik adhyayan kii apani manjuri vyakt kii thee, lekin kaee nivaasiyon ney ack yachika key madhyam seey asahamati jataai thee. isake kaaran 2008 mein ack nayaa matdan huaa, aur iss baar nagar parishad ney praarambhik adhyayan key saath apani asahamati vyakt kii. unake incar kaa kaaran yeh thaa kii kaee logon koo chinta thee kii sakht kaanoon kaee gatividhiyon koo roque dega, jaise kii snomobiling, shikaar aur machhali pakadana. isake vipareet, pariyojana key anukool logon kaa maanana thaa kii rashtriya udyaan kaa darja adhik antarrashtriya maanyata pradaan karega aur iss prakaar adhik paryatakon koo aakarshit karega. isake alawa, uchchatam suraksha kshetra mein khanan koo bhee rokti haye. vaastav mein, kanadai vyaparik blackstone nickle ney reserve mein drilling key liye ack khoj anumati maangi thee. anumati 2009 mein dee gaee thee, kyonki aarakshit key mool niyamon ney ise sambhavatah dhyaan mein naheen rakhaa thaa. saami raindear jhundon parr khudai seey paida hui samasyaon key kaaran, company koo kisaanon koo kshatipurti karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin march 2013 taka, usane abhee bhee bhugtan naheen kiya thaa.
prabandhan aur viniyaman.
sweeden mein, prakriti bhandaron kaa nirmaan aur prabandhan nagarpalikaon aur/yaa county kii jimmedaari haye. iss mamle mein, westerboaton county windelfazalen key prabandhan key liye jimmedaar haye. reserve kaa puuraa kshetra raajya kaa haye.
kyaa anumat haye aur kyaa nishiddh haye, yeh sthaapit karane vaale niyam ack aarakshit seey dusare aarakshit mein bhinn hotey hain aur pratyek aarakshit banaate samay vyaktigat roop seey nirdhaarit kiye jaate hain. windelfazalen reserve key niyamon key beach, buniyaadi dhaanche kaa nirmaan yaa vann kaa dohan karna nishiddh haye. 15 maee seey 1 agast key beach marsiwag ghaati mein jaanaa varjit haye taaki pakshiyon koo pareshan naa kiya jaa sakey. saami dwara raindear pashupalan seey sambandhit gatividhiyon key apavaad key saath, iss uddeshya key liye nirdisht kshetron key baahar motor vaahan chalaana bhee varjit haye. vishesh roop seey, snomobile maargon key saath-saath amarnas aur hemwan key aspas key kaee kshetron, jheel tarnaszone aur kyrgeslandate aur geartsbackdlan key dakshin mein snomobiling kii anumati haye. chhote jaanvaron (chhote standhaariyon yaa pakshiyon, vishesh roop seey tartermigan) kaa shikaar karane kii anumati aarakshit kshetra mein haye. shikaar kii anumati kewal tabhi dee jaati haye jaba raindear maujood naa hoe, taaki unake prajanan mein baadha naa aae. shikaar kaa mausam prajaatiyon kii aabaadi key anusaar viniyamit kiya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey tarmigan, jisaki lagaatar nigrani kii jaati haih yadi aabaadi ack nishchit star taka gir jaati haye, tou shikaar asthaayi roop seey pratibandhit haye. shikaar elk kewal pahaadon mein aur kewal pahaad key nivaasiyon key liye anumati haye. machhali pakadane kii bhee anumati haye. machhali pakadane key khel koo machhali pakadane key licenses dene seey viniyamit kiya jaataa haye, sankhya kii ganana nadee yaa jheel kii kshamata key aadhar parr kii jaati haye. pahaadi nivaasiyon aur samiyon koo vyaktigat upbhog key liye jaal key saath machhali pakadane kaa adhikaar haye, lekin kewal badee utpaadak jheelon mein.
prabandhan upaayon koo bhandar key nirmaan parr nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye aur niyamit antaral (aamtaur parr kaee varshon) parr adyatan kiya jaataa haye. windelfazalen reserve key liye, county badey standhaariyon aur pakshiyon kii ack vistrit soochi pradaan kartaa haye; kuchh prajaatiyon key liye salana kiya jaataa haye. isi tarah, shankudhari vanon aur berch pedon key saath-saath anya "ruchi key paudhon" kaa niyamit roop seey aavishkaar kiya jaataa haye. county yeh bhee sunishchit karati haye kii paryatan avasanrachana achchi tarah seey banaae rakhee gaee haye.
gatividhiyaan.
paryatan.
reserve key nirmaan key baad seey reserve mein aaney vaale paryatakon kii sankhya mein kaafee vriddhi hui haye. varsh 2000 mein 412,000 paryatak raat bhar turnaby, hemwan aur amarna key gaanvon mein rahey. isi tarah, kungsladen lambi paidal yatra key raaste key saath ack kebin mein raat bhar rahane vaale paryatakon kii sankhya 2010 mein lagbhag 5,000 thee. paryatan gatividhiyaan kaee aur vividh hain aur inmein lambi paidal yatra, ghode kii sawari, kutte kii slading, cross-country skiing, snomobiling, shikaar, machhali pakadana, saami sanskriti kii khoj aadi shamil hain. kaee paryatak companiyan aarakshit kshetra mein sakriya hain aur sthaaniya aur rashtriya agencies dwara paryatan koo badhaava dene key liye prakriti aarakshit padnam windelfazalen kaa sakriya roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye.
reserve mein jaane key liye mukhya pravesh bindu amarna key gaanv yaa hain. donon gaanv sadak maarg seey aasaani seey sulabh hain aur mukhya railway stations aur kshetriya shaharon seey buss dwara judey hue hain, jaise kii sweeden mein umey yaa norwey mein moe irana. hemwan tarnaby havaai adda reserve key sabse nikatatam havaai adda haye aur stockholm-arlanda seey aaney aur jaane key liye prati dinn chhah dinn aur 2.5 ghante kii udaan key saath ack udaan haye.
apani sthaapana key samay, reserve mein bahut cumm paryatak buniyaadi dhancha thaa, aur iss nirmaan key saath ghoshit uddeshyon mein seey ack pahunch mein sudhaar karna thaa. 1978 mein, swedish vastukar ney abrahamson koo faad diyaa aur westerbotten county key prashaasan koo ack report prastut kii jisamen unhone trails aur shallet key nirmaan kii sifarish kii. isase kaee pariyojanaon koo jeevan milaa. udaaharan key liye, cottage () 1983 mein kungsladen trail key saath banaae gaye they aur 2001 mein, 1993 aur 1994 key beach anya cottage () reserve key kshetra key bheetar they jinhen 1988 mein jodaa gayaa thaa. 1984 mein, ack praakritik (vyakhyatmak prakriti kendra) amarnas mein banaaya gayaa thaa aur doosara 2004 mein hemwan mein banaaya gayaa thaa.
aajkal, reserve mein ack vyaapak pagadandi pranali haye, joe kull lagbhag 600 kii. mee. haye. sabse prasiddh pagadandi kungsladen pagadandi haye, lekin drottingladen pagadandi (hemwan key dakshin mein) aur windelwagylen pagadandi (windle nadee ghaati key saath) bhee achchi tarah seey jaani jaati hain. pagadandi ardrabhoomi kshetra mein takhton aur kaee pulon seey bunny hain. kull milakar, reserve mein 40 seey adhik pull hain, sabse ullekhaniya lagaatar pull hain joe dakshini dweepsamuh mein jheel tarnaszone koo paar karate hain; kabhi-kabhi inhen windelfazlen golden gett kahaa jaataa haye. sardiyon mein adhikansh pagadandi burf seey chalane vaale pagadandi bhee hotey hain, lekin vishisht maargon kaa bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye. parvatarohiyon aur snomobile chalakon koo reserve mein raat bitaane mein saksham banaane key liye, reserve mein kaee cottage banaae gaye they. teen prakaar key cottage hainh ack raat bitaane key liye ack bhugtan kuteer haye aur aksar isamen kuchh upkaran (aapaatkaaleen phone, rasoighar, aadi) hotey hain.), yeh raat bitaane key liye ack muft kebin haye, lekin susajjit naheen haye, aur anta mein ack alpakaalik avkash lene key liye ack chhoti see kuteer haye. 2012 mein, reserve mein pandrah aur aathh (250 logon kii kull kshamata key liye) key saath-saath saat bhee hain. mukhya (pratyek 30 logon taka kii neend) kungsladen pagadandi key saath sthit hain, lekin paas mein kaee anya pagadandi bhee hain. yeye jyaadaatar shankudhari jangalon mein sthit hain, aur aamtaur parr pagadandiyon key network seey judey naheen hotey hain.
anya.
paryatan key alawa, iss abhayaranya kii mukhya gatividhi saami dwara himnad charaana haye, aur iss paaramparik gatividhi kii raksha karna iss abhayaranya kaa ack uddeshya haye. reserve teen kshetron key paschimi bhaag mein sthit haye jise (shaabdik roop seey "saami gaanv") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haih grance, rans aur. aeye saami kaa ack samooh haye aur vaha kshetra haye jisamen unhein apane raindear koo badhaane kaa adhikaar haye. inn teenon mein 20,000 seey adhik raindear hain. reserve mein mahatvapurna paryatan kabhi-kabhi charvaahe kii gatividhiyon key saath sangharsh kartaa haye. doosari or, pashudhan gatividhiyaan kabhi-kabhi paryaavaran kii suraksha key saath sangharsh karati hain, vishesh roop seey motor chaalit vaahanon kaa upayog joe vanaspatiyon koo mahatvapurna nuksan pahuncha sakata haye.
shikaar aur machhali pakadana bhee aarakshit kshetra mein mahatvapurna gatividhiyaan hain, sthaaniya logon key liye apane upbhog key saath-saath avkash key liye bhee. baad vaalaa aanshik roop seey paryatan udyamon dwara aayojit kiya jaataa haye.
anta mein, vaigyaanik anusandhaan ack aisee gatividhi haye joe aarakshit kshetra mein badh rahee haye. yeh 1950 key dashak mein panbijali vikas key parinamswarup adhik vikasit hoe gayaa. iss dauran, vaigyaanikon ney ghaati mein vanaspatiyon aur jeevon kii sampatti kii poori soochi shuru kii. 1963 mein, lund vishvavidyalaya ney luvre pariyojana (lund vishvavidyalaya windle nadee abhiyaanah lund vishvavidyalaya dwara windle nadee kaa preshan) kii sthaapana kii, jisane nadee key aadhikarik sanrakshan mein madad kii. aaj vaigyaanik iss pariyojana key dhaanche key bheetar niyamit roop seey vanaspatiyon aur jeevon kii soochi banaana jaari rakhate hain. ack anya mahatvapurna pariyojana, sephalo, 1980 key dashak mein reserve mein shuru hui. iska netritva stockholm vishvavidyalaya ney dhruviya lomdi key sanrakshan koo sunishchit karane key uddeshya seey kiya thaa. shodh kaee karakon koo samajhane key liye kiya gayaa thaa joe yeh samajha sakate hain kii suraksha key bavjood ack prajaati scandinavian alps mein kyon naheen falati haye. taba seey iss pariyojana kaa vistaar scandinavian alps mein huaa haye. 1994 mein, amarna key shodhkartaon koo rakhane key liye ack shodh kendra banaaya gayaa thaa.

