
bathmodiolus thermophilus

bathymodiolus thermophilus badey, gahare paani key musel kii ack prajaati haye, joe mytilidae parivaar mein ack samudri dwi-pakshiya molsk haye, joe asli mussels haye. iss prajaati kii khoj atal gaharaai mein kii gaee thee jaba dee. aiss. vee. alwyn jaise pandubbi vaahanon ney gahare samudra kii khoj shuru kii thee. yeh samudra tala parr hotaa haye, aksar badee sankhya mein, hydrothermal vent key karib jahaan germ, sulfur seey bharpur paani key kuein prashant mahasagar key tala key madhyam seey oopar hotey hain.
varnan.
"bathymodiolus thermophilus" ack bahut badaa musel haye jisamen gahara bhura periostracum hotaa haye, joe lagbhag lagbhag lambai taka badhata haye. yeh samudra tala parr chattanon seey bices dhaage seey judaa hotaa haye lekin yeh khud koo alag karane aur ack alag sthaan parr jaane mein saksham hotaa haye. yeh kabhi-kabhi bahut prachur matra mein hotaa haye, joe prati varg meater 300 vyaktiyon (270 prati varg yard) key ghanatva parr darj kiya gayaa haye.
vitaran.
"bathymodiolus thermophilus" purvi prashant kshetra mein 13°n aur 22°s key beach aur paas key gallapagos daraar mein lagbhag 2800 meater (dedh meal) kii gaharaai mein gahare samudri taapiya chhidron key aspas guchhedaar paaya jaataa haye.
gahare samudra key jall-taapiya dwaar aksar vivartanik plate seemaon aur paani key neeche kii parvat shrinkhalaon aur katakon key saath paae jaate hain. way vishesh roop seey vaishvik madhya-mahasagar katak pranali key saath achchi tarah seey faile hue hain. madhya-mahasagar katak pranali key saath vishisht bhaugolik baadhaaen maujood hain joe katak-aksh key saath aabaadi key beach jeane pravaah koo baadhit curr sakati hain. ack adhyayan ney riz pranali aur ilaakon key saath vibhinn sthalaakritik vyavdhaanon mein shahtooton kaa namuna liya, jisamen gallapagos daraar aur purvi prashant vriddhi shamil haye. parinam nirdhaarit karate hain kii purvi sookshm plate key madhyam seey bhaugolik roop seey ack dusare seey alag-thalag kii gaee musel aabaadi, joe apani majboot cross-axis dhaaraon key liye jaani jaati haye, gallapagos daraar aur purvi prashant vriddhi seey aabaadi kii tulanaa mein aanuvanshik roop seey adhik alag thee, jahaan failaav key liye koee baadha naheen haye aur koee algaav-darr-doori naheen haye. inn aabaadi mein shaavak aanuvanshik roop seey sajaatiya they aur isamen nirbaadh antarveshak jeane pravaah kaa uchch star thaa.
hydrothermal vent key aspas kaa vatavaran "bee" key liye mahatvapurna haye. thermophilus "jeevit rahane key liye. yeh dikhaaya gayaa haye kii paryavaraniya parivartan shahtooton aur unake sahajeevi bacteria kii jeevit rahane kii kshamata koo kharaab curr sakate hain. shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii jaba "bee. thermophilus koo prayog key liye cumm sulphide vatavaran mein rakhaa jaataa haye, gill key prateek khou jaate hain, aur shahatoot koo gill aur shareer kii sthitiyon koo nuksan hotaa haye.
bee" kaa vitaran. hydrothermal ghatnaaon key saath thermophilus kaa paryaavaran mein jaiv vividhata parr prabhaav padata haye. uchch ghanatva vaale musel kii aabaadi gahare samudra key jall-taapiya dwaaron parr aksheruki jeevon kii bharti koo seedhe roque sakati haye. jaba shodhkartaon ney "bee" kaa pratyaropan kiya. thermophilus "praakritik roop seey uchch ghanatva vaale hydrothermal vent key liye, kewal 11 maheenon mein hydrothermal vent mein cumm bharti hui thee. iss ghatana kaa ack sambhaavit kaaran behtar pratidvandiyon key badhe hue shikaar yaa bachane key kaaran haye.
sahajeevan aur bhojan.
"bathmodiolus thermophilus" apane gills key madhyam seey aspas key paani seey nilambit khaadya kanon koo nikalkar bhojan kartaa haye. isamen jyaadaatar bacteria hotey hain joe vent key aspas rahate hain, joe aksar ack ghanee chataai banaate hain. parinamswarup, "bee. thermophilus kaa ack gamaprotobacteria key saath sambandh hotaa haye joe musel kii gills mein hydrogen sulphide kaa okseekaran kartaa haye. musel bacteria dwara sanshleshit poshak tatvon koo avashoshit kartaa haye aur prakashsanshleshak roop seey utpaadit carbonic padaarth parr nirbhar naheen hotaa haye. bacteria mein suki aur tricarboxylic acid chakr madhyavarti koo sanshleshit karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale enzymon kaa abhaav hotaa haye, lekin paryaavaran mein sulfur yaugikon kaa upayog karke poshak tatvon koo sanshleshit karane mein saksham hotaa haye. bacteria key genome seey pataa chalata haye kii isamen sulphide oorjaa srot key liye maarg hain aur sthirikaran key liye chakron koo kootbaddh kartaa haye. kewal una shaavak mein bacteria kii uchch sandrata hoti haye joe fixation karane kii kshamata kaa pradarshan karati hain. bacteria mein koshika satah key asanjan, bacteriotoxicity aur phase pratiraksha key liye jeane bhee hotey hain. yeye aanuvanshik visheshataaen rasayan sanshleshit bacteria koo "bee" key khilaf bachaav karane mein madad curr sakati hain. thermophilus 'pratiraksha pranali, joe bacteria koo marey binaa shahatoot kii gills mein rahane kii anumati detee haye.
naa kewal "bee" key beach chemosymbiotic sambandh haye. thermophilus aur bacteria seey musel koo laabh hotaa haye, lekin kuchh atkalen hain kii musel kii gills key ander rahane seey bacteria koo bhee laabh hotaa haye. yeh sambhav haye kii kissy anya mezban key bheetar rahane seey bacteria koo jall-taapiya chhidron key kathor vatavaran kaa saamana karane mein madad milati haye.
jeevan chakr.
bathymodiolus thermophilus" key larva dhaaraon key saath bahate hain aur planctotrophic hotey hain, joe phytoplankton aur chhote zooplankton koo khaate hain. bhojan dene kii iss vidhi seey unhein achchi failaav kshamata milane kii sambhavana haye aur dee. aine. aeye. vishleshan seey pataa chalaa haye kii vibhinn chhidron key aspas kii aabaadi key beach jeane pravaah kii uchch darr haye.
bathymodiolus" prajaati jall-taapiya chhidron aur thhande risaav koo upaniveshit karane key liye sabse prasiddh jeevon mein seey ack kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. vishesh roop seey, "bee. thermophilus kaa unake rasayan sanshleshit sahajeevan aur paaristhitiki tantra utpaadaktaa mein unaki mahatvapurna bhoomikaon key kaaran vyaapak roop seey adhyayan kiya gayaa haye. vikas key praarambhik charanon mein, gahare samudra mein shahatoot uthale paani key mytilidae kii tulanaa mein gamatogenesis kii samaan vikas prakriyaon kaa paalan karate hue dikhaai dete hain. yeh dekhaa gayaa haye kii bathymodioline chhote andkosh kaa utpaadan karate hain joe iss prajaati key liye uchch prajanan star kaa anuman lagaa sakate hain. jabaki "bee" kii prajanan kshamata key baare mein seemit adhyayan hain. thermophilus, "prajanan kshamata key saath-saath prajanan pattern donon kii samajh mein sudhaar karane kaa ack tarika vaarshik namoone key upayog key saath ack prajanan ghatana kaa nireekshan karna hoga.
bathmodioline prajaatiyon key vayask charanon parr sabse adhik dhyaan diyaa gayaa haye, vishesh roop seey jaba bacterial prateekon kaa adhyayan kiya jaataa haye joe mussels poshan sambandhi jarooraton key liye maulik hain. jaba vayask paripakvata taka pahunchate hain, tou way risaav aur chhidron key saath nikat samuchchay banaate hain.
bee" kaa aavaran. thermophilus "dou shaaririk bhoomikaon koo nibhaata haye, ack shaaririk bhandar kaa sanchay haye, aur doosara gonads kaa vikas haye. gonad sambhavatah ankurit mool koshikaon seey utpann hotey hain joe prishthiya kshetra key aspas ankurit mool koshika guchhe mein dikhaai dete hain, pashu key aavaran aur gill key beach. badey vayask namoonon mein, gonad aavaran upkala key saath fail sakate hain. gamatogenesis veerya koshikaon key saath aapoorti kiye gaye sanyoji ootak key matricks mein chhoti thaili jaisi guha mein hotaa haye. purushon mein, sertoli koshikaaen vikaasheel yugmakon koo poshak tatva pradaan karati hain, jahaan koop koshikaaen mahila shahtooton mein samaan bhoomika nibhaati hain.
vikas aur jatijanan.
dee. aine. aeye. anukram detta key vishleshan ney paaya kii upa-parivaar bathymodioline key shahtooton koo chaar samoohon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. "bee. thermophilus "chaar anya prajaatiyon key saath samooh 2 seey sambandhit haih" bee. septemdierum, "bee. sankshipt, "aur" bee. maricindicus."samooh 2 upa-prajaatiyon key sabhi sadasyon koo theoatotrophe, chemoatotrophic jeevon key roop mein label kiya gayaa thaa joe sulphide parr bhojan karate hain. anukram detta ney dooby hui lakadi aur whale key shavon seey modioline prajaatiyon key ack baahari samooh key liye sakshya pradaan kiya aur yeh kii "bathymodiolus" shahtooton aur unake rishtedaron kii phylogeny mein ack hii poorvaj seey vyutpann thee jisamen koai (cytochrome see oxidase subunit aaee) yaa aine. dee. 4 (naadh dehydrogenase subunit 4) anukram detta thaa.

