
jiyaa fengzi

"jiyaa fengzi" () pualing kii ack laghu kahani haye joe pahali baar "" ack cheeni studio kii ajib kahaaniyon "" mein prakaashit hui thee.  kahani ack namankit vidwan key ird-gird ghoomati haye, joe bauddhik roop seey pratibhashali honey key bavjood, praantiya pariksha paas karane key liye sangharsh kartaa haye, jaba taka kii ack amar vyakti kii sahaayata seey jiyaa seey dosti naheen curr letaa haye, jabaki vaha ack saathi vidwan key roop mein prachhann hotaa haye. vaha ack tapasvi jeevan shally kaa asafal anusaran kartaa haye, aur yeh pataa lagaane key liye sabhyata mein lautata haye kii ack naukarshah banane seey pahale ack sadee beet chuki haye. kahani kaa pahali baar aanshik roop seey angreji mein anuvaad british sinologist herbert jaails dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone jiyaa koo "cheeni rip vaine winkle" key roop mein varnit kiya thaa. 
plot.
jiyaa fengzi () ack pratibhashali vidwan hain joe lagaatar praantiya pariksha mein whiffle rahate hain kyonki unake nibandh parikshakon key liye bahut gahare hotey hain. ack dinn, vaha laing () naamak ack "zikaai" seey milata haye, jiska vidvatapurna tarika jiyaa koo prabhaavit kartaa haye. donon purushon key beach dosti hoe jaati haye aur laing jiyaa koo pariksha utteern karane key liye apane saahityik manakon koo cumm karane kii salah detaa haye; jiyaa aisaa karane seey incar curr detee haye aur lagaatar sust parh rahee haye. teen saal baad, laing lautata haye aur jiyaa koo nibandh likhane key liye kuchh vishayon parr pose detaa haye. haalaanki, vaha jiyaa key sabhi nibandhon kii poori tarah seey aalochana karate hain, jisase jiyaa koo apane puraane lekhan seey clitch aur ajib vakyanshon kaa upayog karke nae nibandh likhane key liye prerit kiya jaataa haye. usey aashcharyachakit karate hue, laing usey unhein yaad karane key liye kahata haye aur apani peeth parr ack "phoo" likhata haye. vaastavik pariksha key dauran, jiyaa ghatiya lekhan koo phir seey shuru karati haye aur sheersh scorer bunn jaati haye. anubhav seey mohbhang hocker, jiyaa ack tapasvi banane kaa daavaa karati haye, jahan laing usey apane shifu, ack bujurg gufa nivasi rishi key paas leey jaataa haye. jiyaa guru seey usey apane shishya key roop mein sweekaar karane kaa anurodh karati haye, aur usey gufa mein khud koo vikasit karane kaa nirdesh diyaa jaataa haye.
ack jangli bagh key saath ack sankshipt muthbhed key baad, jiyaa seey usaki patni kaa ack drishya milata haye, jisake saath vaha pyaar karane key liye aage badhata haye. ack baar jaba swami lautata haye tou vaha gayab hoe jaati haye; pahale seey hii pataa haye kii kyaa huaa haye, master jiyaa koo gufa seey baahar nikaalane key liye laing koo majboor kartaa haye. jiyaa ghar lautati haye lekin apane pados koo lagbhag aparichit paati haye-joe liu chain aur ruan jhaao kii kinvadanti kii yaad dilaata haye. usaki pehchaan seey anjaan, gaanv key ack bujurg ney jiyaa koo soochit kiya kii jiyaa fengzi ack "juran" banane key baad gayab hoe gaee thee, apani patni aur apane kishore bete koo peechhe chhod curr; lagbhag sou saal pahale, jaba unakaa betaa kishore hoe gayaa, tou jiyaa kii patni gahari neend mein aaa gaee aur-unake bete kii mrityu key baad-usake dou garib potey-potiyon dwara usaki dekhbhal kii gaee thee. lekin ack maheene pahale, vaha achaanak apani sadee kii neend seey jaag gaee thee. yeh sunkar jiyaa apani pehchaan bataati haye. jabaki usaki navjat poti jiyaa shiang () shuru mein daave parr sandeh karati haye, usaki daadi khud apane pati kii sakaratmak pehchaan karati haye. 
jiyaa kii sabse badee poti, vu (), jisake pati kii kuchh samay pahale mrityu hoe gaee thee, jiyaa aur usaki patni donon key liye parivarik haye; isake vipareet, jiyaa shiang aur uska parivaar unhein tiraskar key saath maanata haye. unake haath seey haath dhona seey naraj hocker, jiyaa apani patni key saath graameen ilaakon mein sthanantarit hoe jaati haye aur ack shikshak key roop mein buss jaati haye. kuchh samay baad, jiyaa apani "jinshi" kii degree arjit karati haye, jisake kuchh saal baad vaha jhejiang mein ack naukarshah key roop mein niyukt hoe jaati haye. haalaanki, kyonki vaha rishwat key prati abhedya haye, usake kaee saathi darbari adhikaari usey todana chaahte hain, aur samrat baar-baar jiyaa key ghar lautane key anurodh koo aswikar kartaa haye. iss beach, jiyaa shiang aur unake chhah bete graminon seey apani jameen aur paisa vasoolane key liye jiyaa fengzi key naam kaa durupyog karate hain. jiyaa shiang key beton mein seey ack mau yee () kii dulhan kaa apaharan curr letaa haye aur jiyaa fengzi koo fansaaya jaataa haye. jiyaa fengzi aur jiyaa shiang aur unake beton koo pakad liya jaataa haye aur kaid curr liya jaataa haye; ack saal baad, jail mein rahate hue, way sabhi bimari seey marr jaate hain, jiyaa fengzi koo chhodkar. jiyaa koo riha curr diyaa jaataa haye aur usey luoyang key paas bheja jaataa haye; jiyaa kii patni apane "zikaai" parpote jiyaa gaao ()-usaki poti woo key dou bachchon mein seey ack-koo apane satrah varsheeya bete (i.ee. jiyaa gaao kii daadi) jise usane jiyaa fengzi key saath graameen ilaakon mein sthanantarit honey key baad garbh dhaaran kiya thaa. abb apani patni key saath luoyang mein jiyaa apane jeevan mein durbhagya parr vilaap karati haye.
ack dinn, jaba jiyaa apani patni aur unake sevakon key saath samudra tata parr chala rahee haye, tou ack navik usey apani naav parr chadhane kaa ishara kartaa haye. jiyaa maanati haye aur naav utarati haye, pati aur patni koo alag karati haye. gusse mein, jiyaa kii patni samudra mein kood jaati haye lekin naav chaalak dwara safed saatan key dhaage kaa upayog karke naav taka kheencha jaataa haye. jiyaa navwale koo lung key roop mein pehchaanati haye, aur way kshitij mein gayab hoe jaate hain. apani postscript mein, poo tippani kartaa haih "yeh tathya kii jiyaa sharminda mahsoos karati thee aur duniya chhod detee thee, yeh bataata haye kii unake ander ack amar kaa nirmaan thaa. phir bhee vaha maanav jagat mein laut aaya aur nirvaah kii aavashyakta key liye khud koo apamaanit curr liya. vaastav mein garibi kissy vyakti koo kiss hudd taka cumm curr sakati haye!"
prakaashan kaa itihas.
mool roop seey "jiyaa fengzi" () sheershak vaali yeh kahani pahali baar poo songling key lagbhag paanch sou laghu kahaaniyon key sankalan, "ack cheeni studio seey ajib kahaaniyan" yaa "liaozai jhiee" mein prakaashit hui thee. iska angreji mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa, halanki kewal aanshik roop seey, british sinologist herbert jaails dwara aur "ack cheeni studio kii ajib kahaaniyon" (1880) mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa, jise vyaapak roop seey "liaozai" kaa pahala mahatvapurna anuvaad maanaa jaataa haye. jiyaa fengzi koo "cheeni rip vaine winkle" key roop mein varnit karate hue, jaails ney kewal "isake aise hisse (kahani) kaa anuvaad karane kaa vikalp chunaa joe washington irving kii prasiddh kathaa key saath isaki samaantaa key liye ullekhaniya haye" aur baaki kahani kii "lambi aur thakaau" aur "ruchi seey rahit" honey key liye aalochana kii. jaails "cheeni saahitya key itihas" (1927) mein isi tarah kii tippani karate hain, jisamen "jiyaa fengzi" koo "rip vaine winkle story" key roop mein ingit kiya gayaa haye. 2008 mein prakaashit sidney sondergard dwara "liyavojhai kii ajib kahaaniyon" key paanchven khand mein ack poorna angreji anuvaad shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
vishay aur vishleshan.
kaee tippanikaron ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii "jiyaa fengzi" chean mein pulling key samay mein shaahi pariksha pranali parr samajik tippani haye. pariksha narak" key vikalp key roop mein tapasweeta kii khoj "ajib kahaaniyon" mein ack aavarti vishay haye, jaisa kii "jiyaa fengzi", "peele bajra key sapane kii agali kadee" aur "amaron key dweep" jaisi pravishtiyon mein dekhaa gayaa haye; carle kaao likhate hain kii taovad key saath pareekshaon key vipareet, poo kaa uddeshya "parikshakon aur ashisht ummidvaaron" koo vyangya karna thaa aur "jiyaa fengzi" mein unaki postscript ack unnat umr taka pariksha dene key poo key apane nirantar prayason key kaaran kaa hissa haye. lii yuu ack samaan tark detaa haye, "jiyaa fengzi" kii tulanaa ack anya "ajib kahaaniyon" kii pravishti seey kartaa haye, "chhaatr yuu", jiska sheershak charitra bhee ack shandar dimag haye lekin lagaatar apani pareekshaon mein whiffle rahata haye. 1660 seey 1702 taka, poo praantiya pariksha mein duss baar whiffle rahey lekin sabhi dosh "agyaani, aksham, anuchit aur lalchi parikshakon" parr lagaae.