
bolivia kii teesari bahudeshiya vidhaan sabhaa

bolivia kii teesari bahu-rashtriya vidhaan sabhaa (; ell. pee.) bolivia sarkaar kii vidhaayi shakha kii vartamaan baithak haye, joe senators key kaksh aur pratinidhi mandal seey bunny haye. yeh 3 navambar 2020 koo laa paaz mein, jeanin annage key rashtrapati pada key antim saptah key dauran aayojit kiya gayaa thaa aur 2025 mein samaapt hoga. yeh luis arse key rashtrapati pada key sabhi paanch varshon key dauran milega.
2020 key aam chunaavon ney donon sadanon parr niyantran kaa faisala kiya. pratinidhi sabhaa aur senate donon mein, samaajvaad key liye andolan ney apana bahumat barkarar rakhaa-halanki doosari bahu-rashtriya vidhansabha seey dou-tihai atee-bahumat seey cumm hoe gayaa. yeh pahali baar haye jaba mahilaaon ney 51.9 pratishat sansadon key saath samagr roop seey vidhaayika kaa bahumat banaaya haye. senate mein, mahilaaon kaa poorna bahumat 55.5 pratishat senators key saath haye, jabaki pratinidhi sabhaa mein, way 46.9 pratishat pratinidhiyon key saath langic samaantaa key karib pahunch jaati hain.
iss vidhanmandal kii visheshta aksar antar-party sangharsh aur jhagade rahey hain. samaajvaad key liye sattaaroodh andolan donon sadanon mein atyadhik bahumat praapt karane mein whiffle rhaa-jaisa kii usane pichhali vidhaansabhaaon mein kiya thaa-vipaksh koo dou-tihai vidhayakon key samarthan kii aavashyakta vaale nirnayon parr uchch star kaa vivekadhikar pradaan kiya. haalaanki, iss vidhansabha kii aupchaarik sthaapana seey kuchh samay pahale poorvavarti vidhanmandal dwara anumodit donon sadanon key niyamon mein sanshodhanon ney kaee sansadiya prakriyaon key liye dou-tihai aavashyakta koo nirast curr diyaa, jisase raajneetik vishleshakon ney vipaksh kii sanchaalan kshamata key prabhaavi tatastheekaran parr dhyaan diyaa. sattaaroodh dall dwara kathit roop seey sansadiya prakriya key durupyog key vipaksh dwara baad key vivaadon aur aaropon key parinamswarup aayogon key sadasyon key chunaav aur vivadaspad vidheyakon key paarit honey key sambandh mein vidhaayi satron key dauran avyavasthit vyavhaar aur yahaan taka kii shaaririk hinsa bhee hui haye.
itihas.
dou tihai vivaad.
haalaanki samaajvaad key liye andolan (maas-aaee. pee. aiss. pee.) ney 2020 key aam chunaavon mein pahale daur kii jeet hassil kii, donon senate mein poorna bahumat hassil kiya-unnis seeten-aur pratinidhi mandal-chhiyaasath seeten-party donon sadanon mein dou-tihai vidhayakon kaa atee bahumat praapt karane seey kataraati rahee, jaisa kii usane pichhale dou vidhaayi karyakalon mein kiya thaa. senate mein, maas ney 21 seeten jeetin, usa kaksh mein dou-tihai bahumat praapt karane key liye aavashyak chaubis mein seey teen cumm, aur nichale sadan mein, isane pachahattar seeten jeetin; dipty key kaksh mein 87 dipty koo ack atee bahumat taka pahunchane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jisase maas baarah seeten cumm reh jaati hain. donon sadanon kii 166 seeton mein seey kull milakar, maas key paas chhiyaanbe seeten theen, joe ise poorna satra mein dou-tihai praapt karane key liye aavashyak 110 maton mein seey chaudah seey peechhe chhod detee hain. natijatan, maas koo aisee sthiti mein rakhaa gayaa thaa jisamen vaha vidhansabha key dou-tihai samarthan kii aavashyakta vaale mamalon parr vipaksh key saath baatchit karane key liye majboor hoga, ack tathya joe janwari 2010 mein 2010-2015 vidhaayika key udghaatan key baad seey ack dashak seey adhik samay seey naheen thaa. raajneetik vaigyaanik franklin pareja ney nott kiya kii, dou-tihai key binaa, maas abb vipaksh key saath charcha kiye binaa vidhaayi bahas koo darkinar karane aur kaanoon paarit karane mein saksham naheen hoga, jaisa kii yeh pichhale varshon mein karane kaa aadee hoe gayaa thaa. pareja key liye, yeh ummeed haye kii ack "swasth" vidhaayika pradaan karega.
iss sandarbh mein, ack badaa vivaad taba paida huaa jaba 27 aur 28 octuber 2020 koo nivartamaan vidhansabha key donon sadanon ney apane karyakal key antim ghanton kaa upayog apane samanya niyamon key anuchhedon mein sanshodhan karane key liye kiya, jisamen sansadiya samitiyon key sanshodhan, satron key liye agenda, kuchh saarvajanik aur sainya adhikaariyon kii padonnati aur rajdooton kii niyukti jaise upaayon key liye dou-tihai seema koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa, jisase aavashyakta koo cumm karke ack sadharan bahumat curr diyaa gayaa. haalaanki, samvidhaan dwara sthaapit donon sadanon key dou-tihai kii aavashyakta vaale upaay, jaise kii abhiyojak, lokpal, niyantrak yaa sarvocch nirvaachan nyayadhikaran key sadasyon kii niyukti, aparivartit rahee.
nivartamaan senator siro jabala (maas) ney nae niyamon koo "ack prashaasnik parivartan" key roop mein samajhaaya jiska uddeshya luce arse key janadesh mein "baadhaon" koo darkinar karna thaa. apane hisse key liye, nirvaachit rashtrapati arse ney iss kadam kaa samarthan karate hue kahaa kii "hamari vidhansabha ney joe kiya haye vaha vaidhata banaae rakhna haye... aur koee chinta naheen honey chaahiye. phir bhee, vipaksh ney parivartan kii ninda kii. nivartamaan upa-rashtrapati sherley franco ney ise loktantra kaa upman bataaya. way vipaksh koo radd karane key liye dou-tihai koo samaapt curr dete hain. usee samay, nagrik samudaay (see. see.) key netaa, carlos messa ney niyam parivartan koo "asweekarya aur avaidh paintarebaazi" key roop mein ninda kii. isi tarah, creamos key netaa luis fernando kamacho ney niyaamak sanshodhan koo ack "akrosh" key roop mein varnit karate hue kahaah "maas kabhi bhee apane tanashahi aaveg koo peechhe naheen chhodega. akhbar "pejina siete" ney bataaya kii, iss tarah seey, "[dha] maas ney vipaksh koo paanch saal key liye beasar curr diyaa haye", mukhya roop seey iss tathya key kaaran kii sattaaroodh dall abb ack sadharan bahumat seey vidhaayi bahas koo bund karane mein saksham thaa. raajneetik vishleshak williams bascope ney yeh bhee nott kiya kii vidhaayi agende koo badalane kii saamoohik kshamata vipakshi vidhayakon key vidhansabha mein pravesh karane kii sambhavana pradaan karegi, binaa iss baat key kii usa satra mein kyaa charcha kii jaayegi.
arse key udghaatan parr, messa aur poore see. see. cocus ney samaroh key anta seey pahale virodh mein bahuvikalpiya vidhaan sabhaa key ardhchakra koo chhod diyaa. ack samvaadaata sammelan mein, messa ney dou-tihai aavashyakta koo radd karane kii asamvaidhaanikta kii maang karate hue bahu-rashtriya samvaidhaanik adalat (tcp) mein appeal daayar karane key cc key iraade kii ghoshana kii. teen dinn baad, gathbandhan ney aupchaarik roop seey sabhi pachas see. see. vidhayakon key hastakshar vaali ack appeal key saath tii. see. pee. koo prastut kiya. navambar key anta mein, tii. see. pee. ney takniki aadhar parr prastaav koo khariz curr diyaa, yeh tark dete hue kii gathbandhan ney adalat mein apana mamla laane seey pahale vidhansabha mein uchit kanuni madhyamon seey naheen gayaa thaa. tii. see. pee. ney creamos dwara daayar dou alag-alag apeelon koo bhee asweekarya ghoshit curr diyaa. creamos senator senta reck ney ninda kii kii adalat key faisalon ney sarkaar key samaksh apani "poorna prastuti" kaa pradarshan kiya.
nayaa vidhansabha bhawan.
iss vidhaayi satra mein pichhale vidhaayi mahal koo badalane key liye ack nae bahu-rashtriya vidhansabha mukhyalaya kaa samaapan aur udghaatan huaa. ack nayaa bhawan sthaapit karane kaa nirnay kaanoon sankhya 313 dwara sweekrit kiya gayaa thaa, jisane ack nae karyakari bhawan, kaasa grande dell pueblo key nirmaan koo bhee adhikrit kiya, joe 2018 mein puuraa huaa. nirmaan 2016 mein firm association accidental constructors boliviana (construbol) key prabhaar mein shuru huaa. anta taka, pariyojana mein kull raajya nivesh bs473.2 million thaa.
naee vidhaayika mein nau bhoomigat staron aur bees jameen key oopar kii manjilon key saath 44,000 varg meater kaa kshetra shamil haye, jisase ise laa paaz aur ell alto mein kaheen seey bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye. isake sheersh parr ack ghana sanrachana haye jisamen chaudah aur pandrah staron parr senators key kaksh kaa ardhchakra aur satrah seey bees staron parr pratinidhi mandal haye. ghana kii lambai chhattis meater haye, jiska uddeshya chhattis rashtriya star parr maanyata praapt swadeshi rashtron kaa pratinidhitva karna haye. isake alawa, vibhinn karyalayon aur galiyaron koo inn sabhi samoohon key rupankanon aur kalakritiyon seey sajaaya gayaa haye.
nae bhawan kaa udghaatan 2 agast 2020 koo adhyaksh, upaadhyaksh aur sattaaroodh dall key adhikansh vidhayakon kii upasthiti mein kiya gayaa thaa. apane bhaashan mein, rashtrapati arse ney ghoshana kii kii vidhaayika desh key itihas mein "ack nae charan" kaa prateek haye. uparaashtrapati david chokehuanka ney desh mein "upaniveshvaad mukt soch" key upaay key roop mein isaki sthaapana kii or ishara kiya. isi tarah, chamber off deputies key adhyaksh freddy mamani ney kahaa kii, nae buniyaadi dhaanche key udghaatan key saath, bolivia ney ack nae yug mein pravesh kiya, nishchit roop seey bolivia ganarajya koo peechhe chhod diyaa, jise 2009 key samvidhaan key paarit honey key madhyam seey bahuvikalpiya raajya dwara pratisthaapit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
naee imarat key udghaatan mein naa tou cc aur naa hii creamos ney bhaag liya. ack bayaan mein, see. see. ney apani sthaapana koo "desh key liye ack upman" key roop mein varnit kiya joe "evo naitikta key vishaalata koo santusht karane key liye" swaasthya sankat key beach aarthik sansadhanon koo barbad kartaa haye. senator reck ney kahaa kii isake cocus kaa bhaag naheen lene kaa nirnay iss tathya key kaaran thaa kii isamen "jashn manaane key liye kuchh bhee naheen thaa... kyonki humm apane adhikaaron aur vidhaayi karyon mein katauti karate hain, aur way hamein anumodit kaanoonon mein bhaag lene aur prabhaavit karane kii anumati naheen dete hain.
vipaksh mein dalbadal.
naitikta aayog i.
jabaki maas senate mein dou-tihai taka pahunchane seey teen vote door rakhta haye, dainik "ell debber" ney nott kiya kii kaee vipakshi senators koo rank todane key liye prabhaavit karna "lagbhag asambhav" hoga. haalaanki, sambhaavit dalbadal karane vaalon key badey pool key saath, pratinidhi mandal mein sthiti alag thee. nivartamaan upa-americi bairal ney kahaa kii, halanki yeh mushkil hoga, lekin aggar vaha "aashcharyachakit naheen honge... nagrik samudaay aur creamos key kuchh vidhaayak... unake dalon koo dhokha dein aur maas kaa samarthan karane key liye jaaen. unhone bataaya kii yeh pahale pichhali dou vidhaansabhaaon mein kuchh senators aur pratinidhiyon key saath huaa thaa.
iss tarah kii ghatana kaa pahala udaaharan 28 janwari 2021 koo aaya, jaba pratinidhi mandal mein creamos cocus key pramukh advin bazan ney apane chaar pratinidhiyon-tito sero, runny kaalau, sandra paaz aur omer rueda-koo gathbandhan seey nishkaasit karane kii ghoshana kii, jise unhone "naitik adhahpatn" key roop mein varnit kiya. yeh nirnay ack maheene pahale kii ghatnaaon key kaaran aaya, jisamen chaar nishkaasit pratinidhiyon ney reda koo baazaan key khilaf naitikta aayog mein ack naamit key roop mein prastut kiya, jise baaki creamos cocus dwara naamit kiya gayaa thaa. saamoohik samarthan key saath, rueda koo aayog key liye chunaa gayaa, jabaki baazaan koo dhyaan mein naheen rakhaa gayaa. bazan ney ninda kii kii iss tarah, maas ney aayog parr bahumat hassil kiya, jisamen usake apane teen pratinidhi aur dou see. see. key ack asantusht they, ack tathya unhone sanket diyaa kii way pratibandhon aur kanuni prakriyaon key saath vipaksh koo daraane key liye upayog karenge. natijatan, baazaan ney seat koo phir seey hassil karane key liye raajneetik sankraman key liye sarvocch chunavi nyayadhikaran (tii. aiss. ee.) mein mukadama daayar karane key apane gathbandhan key iraade kii ghoshana kii. jawab mein, rueda ney pushti kii kii naa tou vaha aur naa hii unake hamvatan maas key saath gathbandhan curr rahey they, lekin way "kissy key prati pakshapaat" naheen rakhate they. unhone aage rekhaankit kiya kii unakaa nishkasana vaidh naheen thaa kyonki creamos ack rashtriya raajneetik dall naheen thaa, balki ack raajneetik gathbandhan banaa rhaa aur isaliye, nishkasana key liye panjikrit sadasya naheen they. maas dipty estefania morales ney bataaya kii baazaan khud aur anya creamos pratinidhiyon ney 2019 key radd kiye gaye chunaavon mein see. see. key sadasyon key roop mein bhaag liya thaa aur baad mein 2020 key chunaav key liye creamos mein shamil hoe gaye they. unhone gathbandhan kii asahamati koo "aantarik muddon key roop mein varnit kiya jinhen unake cocus mein hull kiya jaanaa chaahiye. 1 farwari 2022 koo, tii. aiss. ee. ney creamos kii shikayat koo khariz curr diyaa.
dalbadal karane vaale sabhi saansad saanta cruze kaa pratinidhitva karate hain aur ekjutata nagrik ekataa (yuu. see. aiss.) key sadasya hain, joe creamos gathbandhan kii ack ghatak party haye jisane 2020 mein camacho key rashtrapati abhiyaan kaa samarthan kiya thaa aur jiska netritva saanta cruze key meyer johnny fernandez curr rahey hain. way yuu. see. sadasyon key poore samooh koo banaate hain jinhen chaar vaikalpik pratinidhiyon aur ack pratisthaapan senator-fernandez kii betty, paola-key saath party key pratinidhiyon key roop mein nammatra key pratinidhiyon key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa. sainta cruze key creamos dipty jose carlos guteerez ney tark diyaa kii maas kii ranneeti chaar maujooda adhikaariyon key nilamban koo praapt karna thaa taaki unake yuu. see. pratisthaapan koo seeten lene kii anumati dee jaa sakey. 6 navambar koo, inn pratisthaapan pratinidhiyon mein seey ack, jose luis durran ney bhee creamos seey naataa toda liya aur asantushton key rankon mein shamil hoe gaye. yuu. see. seey paanch vidhayakon key jaane key saath, fernandez key khilaf aalochana kii gaee. jawab mein, saanta cruze key mahapour ney ashvasana diyaa kii unakaa "maas key saath koee gathbandhan naheen haye", lekin chunaav samaapt honey key saath, "creamos key saath bhee koee gathbandhan naheen haye". creamos mein anaikyata key sandarbh mein, unhone camacho koo apane sangathan key bheetar kissy bhee asahamati key liye party netaa key roop mein poori tarah seey jimmedaar maanaa.
pratinidhi mandal nideshalaya I.
navambar 2021 mein pratinidhi nideshalaya key chamber key navinikaran key avsar parr vipakshi vidhayakon key dalbadal parr tanaav badh gayaa, joe rashtrapati, pratham aur dwiteeya upadhyakshon seey banaa ack nikaay haye, aur pahale chauthe sachivon key madhyam seey, jinamen seey dwiteeya upaadhyaksh aur tritiya aur chaturth sachivalaya vipaksh key anuroop hain jaisa kii kaksh key samanya niyamon mein ullikhit haye. see. see. kii or seey, carlos alarkan ney kramshah enrique urkuidi aur walter vilagra koo dusare upaadhyaksh aur teesare sachiv key liye apane naamit kiye jaane kii ghoshana kii. halanki, 6 navambar koo, see. see. koo ack aantarik sankat kaa saamana karna padaa jaba isake dou pratinidhiyon, advin rosas aur keela aurtiz ney inn padon key liye khud koo ummidwar ghoshit kiya. isake alawa, chaar creamos asantushton ney chauthe sachivalaya mein auskar michel key apane cocus key namankan koo khariz curr diyaa, isake bajaay pada parr nivartamaan sachiv sandra paaz koo jaari rakhane key liye badhaava diyaa. dhamkiyon aur chillaane key beach, chamber key adhyaksh freddy mamani ney vipaksh koo aam sahamati taka pahunchane kii anumati dene key liye matdan mein deree kii.
jaise hii vipaksh ney apane sabse halia sankat koo sambhala, maas cocus key bheetar isi tarah key daraaren aaeen, halanki kuchh hudd taka. halanki mamani ney nichale sadan key adhyaksh key roop mein doosara karyakal chaaha, lekin vaha maas laa paaz cocus kaa namankan praapt karane mein whiffle rahey, jisamen hernan durran ney panchish seey solah key antar seey vote jeetaa. haalaanki, durran key namankan koo anya vibhagon key pratinidhiyon seey peechhe hatane kaa saamana karna padaa, jisamen benny, chukwisaka, pando aur tarija key maas vidhaayak georges mercado key aspas ekjut hue, jinhen saanta cruze cocus dwara naamit kiya gayaa thaa. vipaksh key vipareet, halanki, maas kii asahamati aantarik rahee, jisamen mamani koo sarvasammati vaale ummidwar key roop mein anumodit kiya gayaa.
jabaki maas apani asahamati koo ardh-udaartaa seey hull karane mein kamyab rhaa, vipaksh key vivaad bahut adhik khule taur parr jaari rahey, jisamen see. see. ney saarvajanik roop seey donon dalbadal karane vaale pratinidhiyon koo apane padon seey nishkaasit karane kaa faisala kiya. 7 navambar kii subah key liye punarnirdhaarit chunaav koo avaruddh karane key liye, vipaksh ney ack raat pahale pratinidhi mandal mein ack chaukasi kii. ise darkinar karane key liye, maas ney apane sadasyon koo poorv vidhaayi mahal mein sthanantarit curr diyaa-agast mein ack nae mukhyalaya key udghaatan key baad seey upayog seey baahar-aur vipaksh kii upasthiti key binaa satra sthaapit kiya. virodh pradarshanon key beach, mamani ney alpasankhyak dalon koo panchish minut kaa thaharaav diyaa, jisake baad satra unaki upasthiti key saath phir seey shuru huaa. jise "opinion" ney "sharmanak" aur "loss timpos" ney "ghotala" kahaa, usa mein 7 navambar koo nirdeshaatmak chunaav kiye gaye they. matdan chillaane, upman, dhakka dene aur hilaane key mahaul key beach huaa; ack samay parr, pratinidhiyon ney ack-dusare parr paani daala, jabaki anya ney "vidhaayi takhtapalat" kii ninda karate hue apane matpatra faad diye. antim parinam chamber off deputies key adhyaksh pada key liye mamani kaa phir seey chunaav thaa, jisamen maas deputies ney pahala upaadhyaksh aur pahala aur doosara sachivalaya liya. asantusht rosas koo doosara upaadhyaksh chunaa gayaa jabaki paaz chauthe sachiv key roop mein baney rahey. ortiz koo naheen chunaa gayaa thaa, jisamen teesare sachiv kaa pada vilagra koo diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase kaksh key nirdesh mein ack vipakshi upa key liye anumati dee gaee thee. maas ney teesare sachiv key roop mein vilagra koo anusamarthit karane key liye kyon chunaa, yeh kabhi spasht naheen kiya gayaa.
see. see. seey dou pratinidhiyon aur creamos seey chaar key prabhaavi asanjan key saath, maas koo abb vidhansabha mein dou-tihai taka pahunchane key liye aathh sansadon kii aavashyakta haih paanch pratinidhi aur teen senator. ise dekhate hue, donon vipakshi dalon ney ashvasana diyaa kii unaki partiyon key bheetar sambhaavit "dalbadal" kii matra samaapt hoe gaee haye. creamos key liye, dipty khalin moreno ney bataaya kii isake kuchh sadasyon koo hataane key baad "humm pahale seey kaheen adhik ekjut hain". isi tarah, rosas kii jagah lene vaali luciana campero ney guaranti dee kii, adtalis cc pratinidhiyon aur unake sthanapanna mein seey, shesh chhattar poorna sahamati parr pahunch gaye they.
raajneetik vishleshak hyugo saine martin key anusaar, jiss saapeksh aasaani seey samooh vipakshi sansadon key dalbadal koo praapt kartaa haye, vaha iss tathya seey utpann hotaa haye kii 2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein paaramparik raajneetik dalon key patan key baad seey "vaichaarik dall" "vyaavhaarik roop seey astitva mein naheen hain. saine martin kaa kahana haye kii "vipakshi dall chunaavon key pravaah seey utpann hotey hain", jisase "tatkalik loga, joe sansad mein aatey hain aur swatantra vichaarak hotey hain". raajneetik vishleshak gregorio lanza ney sahamati vyakt karate hue kahaa kii vipaksh key pratinidhiyon key samooh mein saha-vikalp kii utpatti vipaksh key "maulik roop seey chunavi" gathan mein hui thee, joe chunaav ladane key uddeshyon key liye sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa aur "desh key vichaaron aur drishti seey ekjut naheen thaa. unhone desh mein bhrashtachar key samanya mudde koo ack chakravriddhi kaarak key roop mein bhee ingit kiya. see. see. dipty toribia lero key liye, raajneetik sankraman key udaharanon key parinamswarup vidhaayika koo "agyakari aur agyakari" banaakar "desh mein baney chhote loktantra koo kamjor curr diyaa jaataa haye. doosari or, upa mantri george silva-maas key ack sadasya-kaa tark haye kii vipaksh "maas koo doshi naheen thahara sakata" kyonki jaba avsar diyaa jaataa haye tou vaha "sabse adhik salah dene vaalaa raajneetik nirnay lene vaalaa hotaa haye".
chunaav key baad pratinidhiyon kaa andolan agale dinn taka chalaa jaba rashtrapati arse ney ack saal key karyakal key baad apani prabandhan report dee. unake adhikansh bhaashan koo vibhinn vidhayakon dwara unake paksh aur virodh mein chillaane seey kaafee hudd taka prabhaavit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen vipaksh key kuchh sadasyon ney banner uthaaye aur virodh mein ct bajaai. satra key turant baad, maas dipty hector arse ney creamos key apane sahayogi, tatiana annage parr aarop lagaaya kii jaba unhone rashtrapati koo baadhit karane key liye unhein saamane kii or jaane seey rokane kii koshish kii tou unhone unaki gardan koo pakad liya aur kharonch kii. badale mein, usane usa parr uska haath pakadane aur usake pett mein ghoonsa maarne kaa aarop lagaaya.
satron ney vipaksh koo bund curr diyaa.
sainya padonnati.
disambar 2021 mein, senate ney sashastr balon seey sambandhit dou masauda niyamon koo sambodhit karane kaa prayaas kiya. pahala chamber prastaav 004/2021-2022 thaa, joe rashtrapati arse dwara jaari sainya padonnati kii ack shrinkhala kaa samarthan kartaa thaa. doosara chamber prastaav 005/2021-2022 thaa, jisane 1989 aur 1990 mein hue sainya karmiyon kii padonnati kii pushti kii, lekin 1987 aur 1988 mein jaari kiye gaye kaanoonon koo pratibandhit curr diyaa. aise kaanoonon key liye upasthit dou-tihai vidhayakon key samarthan kii aavashyakta thee. vipaksh ney niyamon koo manjuri dene seey incar curr diyaa, yeh kahate hue kii unamen vetan-soochi sanshodhan shamil hain joe sashastr balon key javic kaanoon kaa ullanghan karate hain. unhone kahaa kii praasangik dastavejon kii sameeksha kii jaae taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii way mool roop seey 2019 mein senate koo bheji gaee padonnati kii soochi key anusaar they. 21 disambar koo, maas ney karyakari dwara bheji gaee padonnati kii soochi koo manjuri dene key liye ack aarakshit satra sthaapit karane kaa dou baar vyarth prayaas kiya. donon hii mamalon mein, sattaaroodh dall ney paksh mein bice vote hassil kiye-poore maas cocus aur ack agyaat vipakshi senator-kewal dou voton seey aavashyak chaubis vote key bahumat taka pahunchane mein whiffle rhaa. natijatan, iss mudde koo agale varsh janwari taka key liye sthagit curr diyaa gayaa.
senate kaa 43vaan niyamit satra subah 9 baje nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa.aim. 20 janwari 2022 koo usa avsar parr, chaar see. see. senator-andrea barrientos, javier martinez, delly saanta maria aur fernando vaika-vibhinn karanon seey dair seey chaley. pahunchane parr, unhein soochit kiya gayaa kii unaki anupasthiti mein, maas ney ack aarakshit satra sthaapit karane key liye aavashyak dou-tihai hassil curr liya haye, aur iss prakaar unhein ardhchakra mein pravesh karane seey pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. barrientos ney satra koo "jabaran aur avaidh" karaar dete hue kahaa kii senate niyamon kaa koee bhee hissa yeh sthaapit naheen kartaa haye kii senators koo ack baar aarakshit satra shuru honey key baad usamen pravesh karane seey rokaa jaa sakata haye. senator saanta maria ney kahaa kii vaha aur unake sahayogi subah 9.20 baje yaa usake aspas pahunche they.aim. lekin aadhe ghante kii chhoot avadhi honey key bavjood senate seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. chaar vipakshi senators kii anupasthiti koo dekhate hue, maas ney upasthit dou-tihai vidhayakon key samarthan seey sainya padonnati niyamon koo paarit kiya. satra key baad, senate key adhyaksh andronico rodrigues ney ashvasana diyaa kii koee aniyamitata naheen hui haye. unhone bataaya kii ack maas senator koo bhee isi kaaran seey satra seey baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa.
naitikta aayog II.
agale maheene, pratinidhi mandal mein bhee aisee hii sthiti bunny. 17 farwari 2022 koo, chamber ney naitikta aayog kii sadasyata koo navinikrit karane key liye ack satra kii sthaapana kii. halanki see. see. aur creamos donon mein bahumat ney ummidvaaron kii apani soochi prastut kii, lekin donon guton key asantushton ney isake bajaay khud koo prastut kiya. inmein seey kewal keela ortiz ekmatra vipakshi asantusht theen joe pichhale varsh pratinidhi nideshalaya key kaksh mein pada praapt karane mein whiffle raheen. dipty carlos alarkan ney ninda kii kii isake liye, maas ney "[uska] ack anugrah kiya" aur way usey aayog key liye chunane kaa irada rakhate they, halanki sattaaroodh dall ney iss baat seey incar kiya kii aisaa thaa. isake bavjood, satra jaldi hii virodh, chillaane aur shorgul mein badal gayaa. shikayatkartaon mein creamos key dipty jose carlos guteerez bhee they. unhone ninda kii kii pichhale varsh, aayog koo bheji gaee sattais shikayaton mein seey adhikansh maas key sadasyon key khilaf theen, lekin una sabhi koo asantusht umar rueda key samarthan seey khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. isake vipareet, vipakshi pratinidhiyon key khilaf sabhi shikayaton koo sweekaar curr liya gayaa. iss aarop ney guteerez aur rueda key beach ack chillaane vaale match koo uksaayaa, jisamen baad vaale ney guteerez koo ack jhagade key liye chunauti deeh "chalo baahar chalate hain, chalo baahar jaate hain. main aapako sammaan karna sikhaaunga...". ack anya udaaharan mein, see. see. kii dipty luciana campero ney ninda kii kii unaki maas sahakarmi gloria kailizaya ney unhein peechhe seey pakad liya thaa, jaba vaha hemicycle key saamane virodh curr rahee thee. adesh kii kamee ney rashtrapati mamani koo baad kii tarikh key liye satra koo nilambit karane key liye majboor curr diyaa.
21 farwari koo satra phir seey ack prakriya mein bulaaya gayaa jisaki vipaksh dwara "dhandhali" key roop mein ninda kii gaee. alarcan ney ninda kii kii isaki sthaapana koo kewal pandrah minut pahale bulaaya gayaa thaa, jisase vipaksh key ack badey hisse key liye apane-apane vibhagon seey aanaa asambhav hoe gayaa thaa. jawab mein, maas key dipty gwalberto arispe ney nott kiya kii pichhale satra koo kewal turant nilambit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur iss prakaar ise "kissy bhee samay" bahaal kiya jaa sakata thaa. kuchh upasthit vipakshi vidhayakon ney virodh mein satra kaa bahishkaar kiya, jisase naitikta aayog key anuroopan koo manjuri dene key liye sabhaa koo chhod diyaa gayaa. vipaksh key kissy bhee sadasya kaa chayan naheen kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen see. see. key asantusht aurtiz aur creamos key see. aeye. aar. oh. koo aayog key liye chunaa gayaa thaa.
lokpal chunaav.
samvidhaan vidhansabha mein ack nae lokpal kii niyukti kaa kaary saunpata haye. mahatvapurna roop seey, chayan prakriya key liye vidhaayika key donon sadanon seey dou-tihai samarthan kii aavashyakta hoti haye; yaani, vipaksh key samarthan key binaa maas ack nae adhikaari kaa chunaav naheen curr sakata thaa. janwari 2019 mein, nivartamaan lokpal david tezanos pinto ney istifa dey diyaa, jisase nadia cruze koo karyavahak pradhikaran key roop mein chhod diyaa gayaa, ack aisaa pada jise unhone 2022 taka teen saal seey adhik samay taka banaae rakhaa thaa. cruze key karyakal kii vipaksh dwara aalochana kii gaee thee, jinhone aarop lagaaya thaa kii unhone maas key paksh mein pakshapaatpurna purvagrah rakhaa thaa. arse key udghaatan key baad seey, unhone ack nae pradhikaran kii niyukti key liye chunaav bulaane key liye vidhaayika parr jore diyaa thaa.
25 farwari 2022 koo, maas ney lokpal key chayan aur niyukti prakriya shuru karane key liye ack masauda vidheyak prastut kiya. 5 march koo ack mairathan satra mein, vidhaayi samvidhaan key bahumat-mishrit aayog ney chayan prakriya shuru karane key liye niyamon koo manjuri dee. halanki vipaksh dwara sujhaae gaye kuchh badlaavon koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, phir bhee ack masauda kaanoon pesh karane key liye unaki aalochana kii gaee, jisane sambhaavit ummidvaaron key poorv-chayan parr mishrit aayog koo puuraa niyantran diyaa. kanuni vishleshak iss baat parr sahmat they kii choonki samooh aayog koo niyantrit kartaa haye, isaliye yeh kewal poorna vidhaayika key samaksh prastut kiye jaane vaale gutnirpeksh ummidvaaron koo hii manjuri dega.
9 march koo, senate aur chamber off deputies ney niyamon koo manjuri dene aur ack nae lokpal kaa ahwan jaari karane key liye ack vidhaayi satra kii sthaapana kii. jaise hii satra shuru huaa, chukwisaka kii see. see. senator sylvia salaam ney yeh sthaapit karane key liye ack praarambhik prastaav uthaaya kii viniyaman koo vidhansabha key dou-tihai anumodan kaa saamana karna parh sakata haye. salaam ney tark diyaa kii choonki samvidhaan mein kahaa gayaa haye kii lokpal key chunaav key liye dou-tihai samarthan kii aavashyakta hoti haye, isaliye aavashyak roop seey viniyaman koo bhee usa raashi seey anumodit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. uparaashtrapati chokehuanka ney shuru mein ise khariz curr diyaa aur masauda vidheyak koo padhane key liye kahaa. haalaanki, salaam ney jore dekar kahaa kii sansadiya niyam yeh nirdhaarit karate hain kii unake prastaav parr pahale vichaar kiya jaae. isake liye, chokhuanka ney sweekaar curr liya, aur unhone prastaav koo vichaar key liye rakhaa.
baad kii ghatnaaon koo kaee media outlets dwara "sharmanak" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. salami key prastaav parr bahas samanya avyavastha mein badal gaee, jisamen chillaane aur ct bajaane key saath-saath vidhayakon key beach shaaririk takraav bhee huaa. ack ghatana mein, see. see. key upa nogels ney maas key upa tania paniyagua key saath bahas kii, jisamen see. see. key senator barrientos ney bhee donon koo alag karane key liye hastakshep kiya, jisaki parinati nogels koo jameen parr fenkane mein hui. barrientos ney baad mein uparaashtrapati seey satra koo nilambit karane kii maang karane key liye ardhchakra key saamane kaa raasta banaaya, lekin paniyagua aur dou anya vidhansabha mahilaaon dwara bhee unhein prahaar kaa saamana karna padaa. iss jhagade ney chokhuanka koo turant dinn key liye satra bund karane aur apane adheenasth sansadon parr adesh lagu karane key liye cocus netaaon koo bulaane key liye majboor kiya.
uparaashtrapati key saath, cocus netaaon ney 14 march koo vidhaayi gatirodh key samadhan parr charcha karane key liye mulakat kii. kuchh ghanton kii baatchit key baad, teenon cocus key netaaon ney ghoshana kii kii way sarvasammati parr pahunch gaye hain aur agale dinn vidhaayi satra phir seey bulaayenge. sanshodhit masauda viniyaman mein kaee praavdhaanon koo shamil naheen kiya gayaa, jinamen way bhee shamil hain jinhone ummidvaaron kaa poorv-chayan karane key liye mishrit aayog kii shakti kaa vistaar kiya. cc key alarkan aur creamos key guteerez donon ney ashvasana diyaa kii unake cocus vidheyak kaa samarthan karenge. agale dinn, vidhayakon ney sarvasammati seey ack nae lokpal key chunaav kaa ahwan karane vaalaa vidheyak paarit curr diyaa.
netritva.
bolivia kaa samvidhaan uparaashtrapati koo bahuvikalpiya vidhaan sabhaa key adhyaksh key roop mein naamit kartaa haye. samvidhaan mein senators key kaksh aur pratinidhi mandal key adhyaksh koo apane-apane nikaayon parr pithasin adhikaari key roop mein kaary karane key liye bhee kahaa gayaa haye. pratyek nikaay key samanya niyam langic samaantaa maandandon kaa sammaan karate hue pratyek varsh apane poorna sadasyon mein seey chune gaye ack kaksh nideshak mandal koo paribhaashit karate hain. senate mein, yeh nirdesh ack adhyaksh, pahale upaadhyaksh, dusare upaadhyaksh, pahale sachiv, dusare sachiv aur teesare sachiv seey banaa hotaa haye. samanya niyamon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii rashtrapati pada, pratham uparaashtrapati pada aur pratham aur tritiya sachivalaya bahusankhyak gutt key anuroop hain aur dwiteeya uparaashtrapati aur dwiteeya sachivalaya alpasankhyak gutt key anuroop hain. pratinidhi mandal mein, nirdesh ack adhyaksh, pratham upaadhyaksh, dwiteeya upaadhyaksh, pratham sachiv, dwiteeya sachiv, tritiya sachiv aur chauthe sachiv seey banaa hotaa haye. samanya niyamon kaa kahana haye kii rashtrapati pada, pratham uparaashtrapati pada aur pratham aur dwiteeya sachivalaya bahumat samooh key anuroop hain aur dwiteeya uparaashtrapati aur tritiya aur chaturth sachivalaya alpasankhyak samooh key anuroop hain.
rachana.
senate.
octuber 2020 mein sabhi chhattis seeton aur chhattis vikalpon koo chunaav dwara bharaa gayaa thaa. yeh vidhaayi karyakal bolivia key itihas mein pahali baar haye jisamen senate kii sanrachana mein mahilaaon kaa bahumat haye. chhattis seeton mein seey bees mahilaaon key anuroop hain, yaani kaksh kaa 55.5 pratishat. vyaktigat party cocus mein, 21 maas senators mein seey duss (47.6 pratishat), see. see. (72.7 pratishat) mein seey gyaarah mein seey aathh aur creamos (pachas pratishat) mein seey chaar mein seey dou mahilaaen hain. yeh parinam iss tathya key kaaran haye kii senate pratinidhitva hassil karane vaale teen raajneetik sangathanon ney mukhya roop seey mahilaaon koo apani chunavi soochi mein sheersh parr rakhaa.
34 nammatra key senators ney 3 navambar 2020 koo shapath lii, shesh dou, hillerian mamani aur pedro benjamin vargas ney agale dinn shapath lii. chhattis pratisthaapan senators mein seey ack koo chhodkar sabhi ney chhah dinn baad 9 navambar koo shapath lii. zvonko matkovic 19 navambar taka shapath lene key liye naheen pahunche.
pratinidhiyon kaa kaksh.
octuber 2020 mein sabhi 130 seeton key saath-saath 129 pratisthapanon koo chunaav dwara bharaa gayaa thaa. nammatra key pratinidhiyon ney 3 navambar 2020 koo shapath lii thee aur unake pratisthapanon ney dou dinn baad 5 navambar koo padbhar sambhala thaa.