
imam shamil

imam shamil (;;;;; 26 juuna 1797-4 farwari 1871) 1800 key dashak mein shaahi roose key prati uttari caucasian pratirodh key raajneetik, sainya aur aadhyatmik netaa they, caucasian imamat (1840-1859) key teesare imam aur nakshbandi soofi taarik key ack sunee muslim sheikh they.
parivaar aur praarambhik jeevan.
imam shamil kaa janm 1797 mein ack awaar muslim parivaar mein huaa thaa. unakaa janm jimri key chhote seey gaanv (aul) mein huaa thaa, (vartamaan mein roose key degestan mein). aise srot bhee hain joe bataate hain kii unaki paitrik kumik vanshavali thee. unakaa naam mool roop seey allie rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin sthaaniya parampara key anusaar, jaba way beemar hoe gaye tou unakaa naam badal diyaa gayaa. unake pitaa, dengaau, ack jamindar they, aur iss pada ney shamil aur unake karibi dost ghazi mullah koo arabi aur tark sahit kaee vishayon kaa adhyayan karane kii anumati dee.
shamil ack aise samay mein badaa huaa jaba russie samrajya ottoman samrajya aur faras key kshetron mein vistaar curr rhaa thaa (dekhein russo-farsi yuddh (1804-1813) aur russo-turkey yuddh (1806-1812)). kaee caucasian loga russie shaahi aakaankshaon key pratirodh mein ekjut hue, jise caucasian yuddh (1817-1864) key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. coccian pratirodh key pahale key netaaon mein hajji davood, sheikh mansoor aur ghazi mullah shamil they. shamil, joe mullah kaa bachpan kaa dost thaa, uska shishya aur salaahkaar bunn jaayega.
shamil kii kaee patniyaan theen, jinamen roose mein paida hui armenian jaatiyata mein seey ack kaa naam enaa ivanovna ulukanova yaa ulikanova (1828-1877) thaa. 1840 mein ack chhaape mein pakadi gaee, usane chhah saal baad shamil seey shaadi kii. unhone kishoravastha mein islam dharm apana liya aur "shuenat" naam apanaaya. roose mein apane kabze aur nirvaasan key baad bhee shuenat shamil key prati wafadar rahey. shamil (1871) kii mrityu key baad vaha ottoman samrajya mein chully gaeen, jahan sultan ney unhein pension dee.
roose key khilaf yuddh.
1832 mein, ghazi mullah kii gumri kii ladaai mein mrityu hoe gaee, aur shamil bachane key liye kewal dou muridon mein seey ack thaa, lekin usey gambhir ghaav hue. iss ladaai key dauran unhein ack beyonet seey chaku maaraa gayaa thaa. ack oonche dhalaan seey koodane key baad "una parr goli chalaane vaale sainikon kii pankti key siron koo saaf karein. unake peechhe utarate hue, apane baaen haath mein apani talwar ghumaate hue, unhone unamen seey teen koo kaat diyaa, lekin chauthe ney unhein bund curr diyaa, steel unaki chhaati mein gaharaai seey gir gayaa. usane bennet koo jabt curr liya, usey apane shareer seey nikala, aadami koo kaat diyaa, aur ack aur atimaanav chhalang key saath, deewaar koo saaf curr diyaa aur andhere mein gayab hoe gayaa. vaha chhip gayaa aur roose aur murid donon ney usey mrit maan liya. ack baar thheek honey key baad, vaha chhipane seey baahar nikla aur dusare imam, gamzaat-beck key netritva mein murid mein phir seey shamil hoe gayaa. vaha agali chauthai shatabdi key liye rusiyon parr nirantar yuddh karega aur sadee key mahaan gurilla commanders mein seey ack bunn jaayega. jaba 1834 mein gaamzaat-beck kii hatyaa curr dee gaee, tou shamil ney caucasian pratirodh key pramukh netaa aur caucasian imam key teesare imam key roop mein unaki jagah lii.
1839 (juuna-agast) mein, lagbhag 4000 purushon, mahilaaon aur bachchon kii sankhya vaale, shamil aur unake anuyaayiyon ney khud koo gimri seey lagbhag duss meal poorv mein, andee koysu key modd mein sthit akhaulgo key apane pahaadi gadh mein gherabandi key tahat paaya. general pavel grab kii kamaan key tahat, russie senaa ney shamil kii jhulasi hui-prithvi ranneeti key kaaran aapoorti seey rahit bhoomi seey track kiya. gadh key bhugol ney ise teen taraf seey sanrakshit kiya, jisase gherabandi karane mein kathinaaee badh gaee. antatah donon paksh baatchit karane key liye sahmat hue. grabe kii maangon kaa paalan karate hue, shamil ney apane bete, jamaldin koo sadbhavana key sanket mein bandhak key roop mein dey diyaa. shamil ney grabe key iss prastaav koo khariz curr diyaa kii shamil apani senaa koo aatmasamarpan karane aur usey kshetra seey nirvaasan sweekaar karane key liye adesh detaa haye. russie senaa ney gadh parr hamla kiya, 2 dinon kii ladaai key baad, russie sainikon ney ise surakshit curr liya thaa. hamale kii pahali raat key dauran shamil gherabandi seey butch gayaa. shamil kii senaa toot gaee thee aur kaee dagestani aur chechan sardaaron ney zaar key prati wafadari kii ghoshana kii thee. shamil chechanya key liye dagestan seey bhaag gayaa. vahaan unhone kulon parr apana prabhaav badhaane kaa twarit kaam kiya.
shamil ney kaee jhagadaalu caucasian janjaatiyon koo rusiyon key khilaf ladane key liye, apane karishma, dharmanishtha aur nyaypurnata key bull parr shariya kaanoon lagu karane mein prabhaavi thaa. ack russie srot ney una parr tippani kii kii "ack mahaan kaushal aur ack sookshm rajneta."unakaa maanana thaa kii kshetra mein sharaab kii russie shuruat ney paaramparik moolyon koo bhrasht curr diyaa. badee niyamit russie senaa key khilaf, shamil ney aniyamit aur gurilla ranneeti kaa prabhaavi upayog kiya. 1845 mein count michael vorontov kii kamaan key tahat ack majboot collum ney chechanya key jangalon mein imamet kii senaa kaa anusaran kiya. imamat kii senaa ney russie stambh koo gher liya aur ise nasht curr diyaa. isane vorotsov key chechanya koo imamet seey alag karane key prayaas koo nasht curr diyaa joe usaki yojana thee.
mikhail semyonovic vorontsov koo imamet seey chechanya koo kaatane kii yojana kaa vivaran denh
ack sainya netaa key roop mein unaki kismat taba badhee jaba unake saath hajji murad shamil hoe gaye, joe 1841 mein rusiyon seey alag hoe gaye aur thode hii samay mein shamil key niyantran mein kshetra seey ladate hue teen gunaa hoe gaye. hajji murad, joe leo tolstoy (1904) key ack prasiddh upanyaas kaa vishay banane vaale they, ack dashak baad shamil key khilaf hoe gaye, jahir taur parr imam key roop mein abhishikt shamil key uttaradhikari banane mein unaki viphalata seey nirash they. shamil key badey bete koo vaha namankan diyaa gayaa thaa, aur ack gupt parishad mein, shamil ney apane leftinent parr rajdroh kaa aarop lagaaya aur maut kii sajaa sunai, jiss parr faisala jaanane parr, jee murad ney rusiyon koo phir seey paribhaashit kiya. halanki shamil koo ummeed thee kii britten, france yaa ottoman samrajya roose koo coccus seey bhagaane key liye unaki sahaayata key liye aayega, lekin yeye yojanaaen kabhi safal naheen huin. crimean yuddh key baad, roose ney imamet key khilaf apane prayason koo doguna curr diyaa. abb safal, russie balon ney imamat key kshetra koo gambhir roop seey cumm curr diyaa, aur sitambar 1859 taka shamil ney aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. halanki mukhya rangmanch bund hoe gayaa thaa, lekin purvi cocus mein sangharsh kaee aur varshon taka jaari rahega.
pichhale varshon mein.
unake pakade jaane key baad, samil koo zaar alekjendar II seey milane key liye sant pietersberg bheja gayaa thaa. baad mein, unhein masco key paas ack chhote seey shahar kaluga mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa. kaluga mein kaee varshon key baad unhone jalavaayu key baare mein adhikaariyon seey shikayat kii aur 1868 key disambar mein shamil koo samrajya key dakshin-paschim key ack vaanijyik kendra keev mein jaane kii anumati millie. keev mein unhein alexandrovskaya sadak parr ack haveli dee gaee thee. shaahi adhikaariyon ney keev adheekshak koo "sakht lekin atyadhik bojh vaali nigrani" key tahat rakhane kaa adesh diyaa aur nirvaasan kii jarooraton key liye shahar koo ack mahatvapurna raashi aavantit kii. aisaa lagata thaa kii shamil koo usaki shandar hirasat key saath-saath shahar bhee pasand aaya thaa; isaki pushti usane keev seey bheje gaye patron seey kii haye.
1859 mein shamil ney apane ack bete koo likhaah "sarvashaktimaan, param rajyapal kii ichcha seey, main avishvasiyon key haathon mein gir gayaa huun... mahaan samrat... mujhe yahaan basaaya haye... kaaleen aur sabhi aavashyaktaon key saath ack lambe vishal ghar mein.
1869 mein unhein pavitra shahar makka mein huzz karane kii anumati dee gaee thee. unhone pahale keev seey odessa kii yatra kii aur phir istambul kii yatra kii, jahan ottoman sultan abdulaziz ney unakaa swaagat kiya. vaha kuchh samay key liye shaahi topkapi mahal mein ack atithi bunn gayaa aur sultan dwara usake liye aarakshit jahaaj parr istambul chhod diyaa. makka mein, tirthayatra key dauran, vaha abdelkadar all djzerry seey mille aur unase baatchit kii. makka kii apani tirthayatra poori karane key baad, 1871 mein shahar kaa daura karate hue madina mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee, aur madina key ack aitihaasik kabristan jannatul baaki mein dafnaya gayaa, jahan islami itihas kii kaee pramukh hastiyon koo dafnaya gayaa haye. dou badey bete, (aur muhammad shfi), jinhen makka jaane kii anumati praapt karane key liye roose mein chhodana padaa, russie senaa mein adhikaari bunn gaye, jabaki dou chhote bete, (aur muhammad kamil), turkey senaa mein seva karate they, jabaki unaki betty peat 'mutt shamil ney sheikh mansur fedorov seey shaadi kii, joe ack imam thaa joe baad mein apane aur apane bachchon key jeevan key darr seey russie samrajya seey farar hoe gayaa. unake 11 bachche hue, jinamen seey ack johnn fedorov they, jinhone australia key queensland mein bachchon key liye pravaas karane key baad apana naam badalkar johnn fedroff curr liya, jahan unhone ganna kheti samrajya kii sthaapana kii.
imam shamil key potey, shamil, uttari coccus key pahaadi ganarajya key sansthapakon mein seey ack bunn gaye, jisaki sthaapana 1917 mein hui thee aur 1920 taka jeevit rhaa, jaba ise soviyat roose dwara jeet liya gayaa thaa. iss kshetra koo chhodane key liye majboor hocker, 1924 mein unhone germany mein "coccus kii swatantrata samiti" kii sthaapana kii.
viraasat.
russie itihas.
jabaki roose khooni vijay kii ack shrinkhala mein chechanya aur dagestan koo jeetane mein kamyab rhaa thaa, rusiyon ney shamil key liye ack mahaan sammaan vikasit kiya thaa. roose key zaar alekjendar dwiteeya ney khule taur parr unake pratirodh kii prashansa kii thee, iss prakaar unake jeevan key baad key hisse mein, russie adhikaariyon dwara shamil koo huzz kii anumati dee gaee thee.
shamil kii viraasat naa kewal uttari cocus mein balki samanya russie itihas mein bhee majboot bunny hui haye. unhein roose mein sammaanit yoddhaon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye aur russie shakti kii avagya key bavjood russie shikshaavidon dwara aksar unakaa adhyayan kiya jaataa haye. sudhaarvaadi vichaaron vaale ack keetvigyaani ney unake naam parr ack badey twarit patang kaa naam rakhaa.
sangeet rachana.
1958 mein ack sabhaa mein, lubaviture ribbe ney shamil naamak ack mahaan adiwasi netaa key baare mein ack kahani sunai, joe utpeedan karane vaali russie senaaon key khilaf vidroh curr rhaa thaa. ack jhoothi shaanti sandhi key lalach mein, usey pakad liya gayaa aur nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa. apane nirvaasan key dauran, unhone apane uday, patan aur apani antim swatantrata key liye lalayit ack hriday seey, shabdaheen geet kii rachana kii. geet koo ack passing hasid dwara sunaa gayaa thaa, raag taba taka aspasht rhaa jaba taka kii rib ney ise uparokt sabhaa mein naheen sikhaaya. iss geet koo chabad andolan (joe aamtaur parr apani dhunon kii rachana karate hain) dwara aswaroop roop seey apanaaya gayaa thaa, kyonki way isake chhand key gahare arth koo aatma key liye ack saadrishya key roop mein lete hain, joe mrityu darr aur shaaririktaa kii duniya mein utarata haye, ack shareer mein funce jaataa haye, yeh jaanate hue kii yeh ack dinn apane nirmaata key paas vaapas aaa jaayega. (ack aur geet jise chabad andolan dwara asamanya roop seey anukoolit kiya gayaa haye, vaha haye laa marcelise kii dhuna, jise prarthana hoe 'adders vee' homuna kii dhuna parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. francisi sarkaar ney jald hii 1974 mein dhuna koo badal diyaa.)

