
rib walt

ack rib walt yaa ribbed walt ack vistrit sthaan koo cover karane key liye ack vaastushilp visheshta haye, jaise kii ack church naabhi, joe paar yaa vikarn dhanushakar pasaliyon key dhaanche seey bunny hoti haye. roman vastukala, byzantine vastukala, islami vastukala, roman vastukala aur vishesh roop seey gothic vastukala mein vividhataon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. patali patthar kii pattiyan pasaliyon key beach kii jagah koo bhar detee hain. isase bhaar bahut cumm hoe gayaa aur iss prakaar tahakhaane kaa baahari jore cumm hoe gayaa. pasaliyan bhaar koo neeche aur baahar kii or vishisht binduon, aamtaur parr stambhon yaa ghaaton kii panktiyon mein sanchaarit karati hain. iss visheshta ney gothic cathedral key vastukaron koo oonchi aur patali divaaron aur bahut badee khidakiyon koo banaane kii anumati dee.
yeh ack prakaar kaa archeted, yaa mehrab vaalaa, tehkhana haye jisamen tahakhaane key neeche kii khaadi mein savies, yaa panel ack dusare seey pasaliyon dwara alag kiye jaate hain joe grones, yaa panels key pratichhedan koo chhipaate hain. pasaliyon key tahakhaane, groin tahakhaane kii tarah hotey hain, joe dou yaa teen pratichhedan bairal tahakhaane seey banate hain; pasaliyan tahakhaane key junction koo chhipaati hain.
islami vastukala mein sabse purana jeevit udaaharan all-andalus mein cordoba kii masjid-cathedral mein haye, joe ack shatabdi taka sabse puraane roman udaharanon seey pahale kaa haye. churchon kii gufaaon mein bairal walt kaa ack vikalp, 12veen shatabdi kii praarambhik gothik vastukala mein rib walt kaa upayog nukile mehraabon key saath baney walt mein kiya jaane lagaa, joe pahale seey hii roman shally mein jaanaa jaataa haye. inn tehkhaanon mein, groin tehkhaanon kii tarah, vajan koo konon kii or nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa, jahan ghaat, stambh yaa deevaaren ise sahaara dey sakati theen. gothic imaraton kii divaaron koo aksar udate hue nitambon seey jodaa jaataa thaa. inn tatvon ney pahale kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik oonchi aur patali divaaron vaali imaraton kaa nirmaan karna sambhav banaa diyaa, jisamen vishal khand they, aur badee rangeen kaanch kii khidakiyan sanrachana koo prakaash seey bhar detee theen.
cross walt sankeern, dhanushakar pasaliyon seey baney hotey hain joe cover kiye jaane key liye kshetra koo tirchhe roop seey paar karate hain. inn tukadiyon koo chinai key chhote tukadon seey bharaa jaa sakata haye, jisase bairal walt key bhaari vajan koo samaapt kiya jaa sakata haye. yeye pasaliyan badey aaytaakaar kshetron koo adhik kushalata seey cover curr sakati hain. gothic vastukala mein niyojit nukile mehrab key kaaran, builder mehraabon koo uthaa yaa cumm curr sakate they taaki unaki oonchaai cumm avadhi yaa lambe samay key liye samaan hoe, goal mehraabon key saath kuchh aisaa sambhav naheen haye. nukile mehraabon ney bhee ack hii oonchaai key dou pratichhedan tahakhaane banaae lekin alag-alag chaudaai kaa nirmaan karna aasaan banaa diyaa.
praarambhik itihas.
romanon ney groin walt koo majboot karane key liye rib walt key shuruati sanskaran kaa upayog kiya. inn roman tehkhaanon mein, eent kii pasaliyon koo tahakhaane key concreet mein embed kiya gayaa thaa. yeh baad key gothic walt seey alag thaa, jahan pasaliyan panels key bharane seey alag theen, jisase gothic walt koo lachilaapan milaa aur iss prakaar adhik taakat millie. romanon ney gumbadon kii thhos satah koo majboot karane key liye sanrachana key bheetar chhipi inn antarnihit pasaliyon kaa bhee upayog kiya, jaise kii devadaru.
byzantine vastukala mein chinai kii imaraton mein rib walt aam naheen they, lekin chaar rib walt 1000 esvi key baad byzantine grees mein hosios lucas mathh dwara banaae gaye they, aur abb barbad shahar mein byzantine capadosia mein kaee groin walt madhyayugeen churchon mein rib seey lais hain. chauthe dharmayuddh key baad francocratia key tahat grees mein kaee anya rib walt banaae gaye they. rib walt koo lombard, armenian, farsi aur islami vastukala mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa.
cross walt.
islami vastukala.
spen kii moorish vastukala mein, islami vastukaron ney inn ribbed walt kaa adhik spasht roop seey upayog kiya. ack ullekhaniya udaaharan cordoba kii mahaan masjid mein paaya jaataa haye, joe 9veen shatabdi mein shuru hui thee aur all-hakam II dwara 922 aur 965 key beach vistaarit kii gaee thee. villaviciosa kaa chappel, kyonki masjid kaa yeh hissa taba jaanaa jaane lagaa jaba ise 13veen shatabdi mein ack roman catholic church mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, isamen ack gumbad haye joe pasaliyon aur latkan parr tikaa huaa haye. varg key pratyek sheersh parr ack aur mehrab key saath pratichhedan hotaa haye, jaise kii pratyek pratichhedan teen mehraabon kaa sangam hotaa haye. pratyek koney mein ack aur laghu cross-walt gumbad haye. 10veen shatabdi mein mahaan masjid key punarnirmaan key anya gumbadon mein, pasaliyan ack dusare koo off-center seey kaatati hain, joe kendra mein ack aathh-point vaalaa taaraa banaati hain, jisake sheersh parr ack latakata gumbad haye.
cordoba key masjid-cathedral key cross-aark walt ney islami paschim mein baad kii masjid imaraton key liye model key roop mein kaam kiya, jisamen all-pundlus aur magreb shamil they. lagbhag 1000 esvi mein, toldo mein "mezquita dee baab all mardam" (christo dee laa luz kii masjid) kaa nirmaan isi tarah key aathh-rib vaale tahakhaane key saath kiya gayaa thaa. gumbad koo pasaliyon aur latkan donon dwara samarthit kiya jaataa haye joe iska vajan neeche kii divaaron taka pahunchaate hain. zaragoza key alzaferia kii masjid kii imarat mein bhee isi tarah key tahakhaane dekhe jaate hain. ribbed walt kaa vaastushilp roop magreb mein aage vikasit kiya gayaa thaah talemsen kii mahaan masjid kaa kendriya gumbad, joe 1082 mein nirmit almoravids kaa ack kaam haye, mein baarah patali pasaliyan hain, pasaliyon key beach kaa khol filgri stuco key kaam seey bharaa huaa haye.
roman vastukala.
rib walt koo 11veen shatabdi mein uttari europe mein aur vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki builders ney roman churchon kii lakadi kii chhaton koo badalane key liye badey aur badey patthar key walt kaa nirmaan karane kaa ack tarika khoja thaa, joe aksar aag seey nasht hoe jaate they. romnesk cathedral aur church aamtaur parr goal mehraabon key saath bairal walt kaa upayog karate they, aur groin walt kaa upayog taba kiya jaataa thaa jaba dou walt naabhi koo cover karane key liye ack sahee konn parr milate they. tahakhaane kaa vajan seedhe neeche kii divaaron parr dabaaya jaataa haye, jisake liye motee divaaron aur chhoti khidakiyon kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
sent-fillibert dee tournus mein asadharan roman tahakhaane hain, joe 1008 aur 1050 key beach banaae gaye hain. naabhi aur chappel mein samanantar traverse surang tahakhaane hain, jabaki donon andaruni hisson key galiyare groin-walt hain.
germany mein spire cathedral europe mein sabhi maujooda romansk churchon mein sabse badaa haye, aur naabhi mein romansque bairal walt aur groin walt key achche udaaharan hain. groin walt 1060 mein banaae gaye they, aur lekin pratyek mehrab key beach ack anuprasth mehrab key saath 1090-1103 mein prabalit kiya jaanaa thaa.
ingland kaa raajya aur normandy kaa duchy 11veen shatabdi key anta mein vastukala navachar key kendra bunn gaye. 1066 mein norman vijay seey pahale bhee, ingland key raajaa edward ney westminster abby (1055-65) mein roman visheshtaon koo pesh kiya thaa. villium vijeta ney sent-attien key mathh key gumbadon kaa nirmaan kiya, jisamen ack prakaar kii cross rib walt, ack starr walt, isake kendriya lalten mein thaa. abbe-aux-dames" bhee caine mein, 1080 key dashak mein patthar key groin walt key dou badey khandon key saath chhat thee, joe europe mein groin walt key sabse shuruati upayogon mein seey ack haye joe itane vyaapak vistaar koo cover kartaa haye.
gothik vastukala mein parivartan.
durham cathedral mein nae church kaa nirmaan 1093 mein isake norman bishap, villium dee sent-callis key nirdeshan mein shuru huaa. mool roop seey iska uddeshya poori tarah seey golakar-mehrab vaale groin walt key saath cathedral kaa nirmaan karna thaa, lekin jaise-jaise naabhi parr kaam jaari rhaa, norman builders ney nukile mehraabon key saath prayog kiya, joe vajan koo baahar aur neeche kii or nirdeshit karate they. pasaliyon key beach kii jagah patthar key chhote tukadon seey bunny tukadiyon seey bharee hui thee. isake konon parr vajan koo colnet dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa joe ise divaaron key bajaay neeche kii or baari-baari seey stambhon aur ghaaton mein sthanantarit curr detaa thaa. choonki panel apekshaakrit patale hotey hain, isaliye yeye rib walt pahale key bairal aur groin walt kii tulanaa mein halke hotey hain taaki deevaaren oonchi hoe sakein aur badee khidakiyan hoe sakein.
durham cathedral key purvi chhor parr kaam shuru huaa; galiyaron key oopar key tahakhaane 1096 mein poore hoe gaye they, aur 1107 taka gaayak mandal key oopar. nukile mehraabon key saath naabhi tahakhaane, lagbhag 1130 mein shuru hoe gaye they. nukile mehraabon key kaaran, lipic kaa oopari star ack ekikrit poore mein chhat mein vilay hotaa prateet hotaa thaa. halanki, durham prayog jaldi hii samasyaon mein chalaa gayaa. chansal mein walt panel plaster kiye gaye malabe seey baney they, aur ummeed seey adhik bhaari they, aur daraaren padane lageen, aur 1235 mein unhein badalana padaa. iss beach, nukile rib walt mein prayog france mein sthanantarit hoe gayaa, jahaan malabe key bajaay patthar key chhote tukadon seey patale aur halke panel banaae gaye they.
normandy mein roman lesse abby ney lagbhag 1098 mein gaayak mandal mein praarambhik gothic rib walt jode. jisamen gaayak mandal aur naabhi key kuchh hisse shamil they. yeh dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein nasht hoe gayaa thaa lekin phir seey banaaya gayaa thaa. ingland mein pavitra kabr key romansk church key gumbad, cambridge, 1130 mein shuru huaa, gumbad mein pasaliyan hain, halanki gumbad latkan parr tikaa huaa haye, aur pasaliyan kaafee hudd taka sajawati theen. sisili key norman samrajya mein romansque sephalu cathedral, joe 1148-1240 mein shuru huaa, mein ack romansque rib walt haye.
romnesk seey gothik mein sankraman koo fontene abby church (1147) key naabhi mein bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye, jahan bairal walt key goal mehraabon koo thode nukile mehraabon key saath walt dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye.
rib walt kii anya vividhataaen, aamtaur parr goal mehraabon key saath, 11 veen shatabdi key anta mein sent 'ambrogio, milan key basilica mein lombardy mein aur dakshin-paschim france mein moisack abby (11 veen-12 veen shatabdi) mein dikhaai deen. yeye aamtaur parr groin walt hotey they, joe samkon parr dou bairal walt koo jodkar banaae jaate they. anya prakaar key tahakhaane sajawati they, jaise kii caine cathedral aur lonn cathedral kii chhat parr lalten tower koo sajaane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale starr walt, yaa cambridge (1130) mein goal church key gumbad key interior parr pasaliyan.
sexpartite walting.
sexpartite walting mein, pratyek khaadi koo patali patthar kii pasaliyon dwara chhah dibbon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. madhyavarti pasaliyan tirchhe roop seey tahakhaane koo paar karate hue ack nukili mehrab banaati theen, aur ack atirikt madhyavarti nukili mehrab thee, joe ack taraf seey doosari taraf paar hoti thee. choonki pasaliyon kaa vajan hotaa thaa, isaliye tahakhaane key panel patthar key chhote tukadon seey baney hotey they, aur paaramparik bairal tahakhaane kii tulanaa mein bahut halke hotey they. pasaliyan vajan koo nichale star parr chhote stambhon key madhyam seey baahar aur neeche kii or failaati hain. vajan samaan roop seey vitarit naheen kiya gayaa thaa; vikarn traverse mehraabon kaa atirikt vajan badey paimaane parr ghaaton dwara samarthit thaa, jabaki madhyavarti crossing mehrab saral stambhon dwara samarthit thaa. choonki tehkhaanon kaa vajan stambhon aur ghaaton dwara wahan kiya jaataa thaa, divaaron dwara naheen, isaliye deevaaren patali aur oonchi hoe sakati theen, aur unhein badee rangeen kaanch kii khidakiyon seey bharaa jaa sakata thaa.
sexpartite walt ingland aur france mein lagbhag ack saath dikhaai diyaa. sexpartite walt kaa upayog karane vaalaa pahala cathedral durham cathedral thaa, joe 1093 mein shuru huaa thaa. durham mool roop seey adhik paaramparik groin walt key saath banaaya jaanaa thaa. galiyaron key oopar key tahakhaane 1096 mein poore kiye gaye they, joe 1107 mein gaayak mandal key oopar they, yeye uttar bhaag aur 1110 mein they. halanki, naabhi key paar key tahakhaane, dakshin bhaag aur naabhi key oopar key mehrab, 1130 seey shuru hue, unhein nukile mehrab diye gaye they. sexpartite rib walt key shuruati udaaharan abbe-aux-homes (1066 seey shuru) aur abbe-aux-dames mein paae jaate hain. isake baad yeh noyan cathedral (1131 seey shuru) mein dikhaai diyaa; france mein vezelle abby key romansk church kaa vargakar gothic baramda (1132); sense cathedral (1135 seey shuru); sent-dennis key abby kaa gaayak mandal (1140 seey shuru); notre-dame dee peris (1163 seey shuru); borge cathedral; aur lonn cathedral. ribbed walt kaa nirmaan villium dha englishman dwara canterbury cathedral mein aur westminster abby (1180) mein sent faith chappel mein kiya gayaa thaa.
quadripartite walting.
rib walt kaa ack nayaa sanskaran uchch gothic key dauran dikhaai diyaah chaar-bhaag rib walt, jiska upayog charters cathedral, emines cathedral aur reims cathedral mein kiya jaataa thaa. iss tahakhaane kii pasaliyon ney neeche key chaar sahayak ghaaton koo adhik samaan roop seey vajan vitarit kiya, aur church kii divaaron key naabhi aur nichale hisson key beach, aur neeche key chaap aur oopar kii khidakiyon key beach ack karibi sambandh sthaapit kiya. isase adhik oonchaai aur patali deevaaren bunn gaeen aur nae girjagharon dwara dee gaee urdhvaadhartaa kii majboot chhaap mein yogdan diyaa. 11veen shatabdi kaa durham cathedral (1093-1135), jisamen pahale key chhah bhaagon vaale rib walt hain, oonchaa haye. 12veen shatabdi mein notre-dame dee peris kaa naabhi, jisamen chhah bhaag vaali pasaliyon kii tahakhaane bhee hain, 115 feat yaa 35 meater oonchaa haye. baad mein amiens cathedral (nirmit 1220-1266), nae chaar-bhaag rib walt key saath, ack naabhi haye joe oonchi haye. sabhi gothic cathedral mein sabse oonchi gufa beauvis cathedral haye, halanki kewal ack khaadi poori hui thee. yeh rome mein sent peater basilica kii naabhi kii tulanaa mein thodi oonchi haye.
jatil rib walt.
13veen shatabdi key anta mein ingland mein sajaae gaye gothik shally key saath shuruat karate hue, vibhinn prakaar key jatil tahakhaane ubhare, jinamen sanrachanaatmak pasaliyon key alawa vishuddh roop seey sajawati pasaliyan shamil theen. lambavat avadhi mein tahakhaane kii jatilata mein vriddhi jaari rahegi, aur isi tarah anya antim gothik shailiyon jaise france mein tejtarrar aur madhya europe mein sondergotic mein asadharan rib tahakhaane dikhaai denge.
tearseron walt niyamit quadripartite walt kii mukhya sanrachanaatmak pasaliyon key alawa tritiyak pasaliyon (tearseron) kaa upayog karate hain. yeh 1310 mein shuru hue exter cathedral key sajaae gaye gothic naabhi mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye; vishal tahakhaane mein taad key patton kii tarah tearseron pasaliyon kii prachurta haye, jisamen gyaarah tearseron ack springer seey oopar kii or jhukate hain. 1306 kii chhaton parr ack ashtakoniya tearseron walt puuraa kiya gayaa, jisamen kuon key cathedral kaa chapter house haye, jahan ack kendriya stambh seey 32 pasaliyan nikalati hain. ellie cathedral (1322-1342) mein, tearsaran crossing key oopar ashtakoniya lalten key (lakadi) walt koo sajaate hain.
learney walt bhee ingland kii sajaae gaye aur lambavat gothik vastukala mein pramukhta seey dikhaai dete hain. learney bahut chhoti sajawati pasaliyan hoti hain joe ack pasaliyon koo doosari pasaliyon seey jodati hain. adhikansh learney walt mein learney aur tearsaran donon shamil hotey hain, jisake parinamswarup sitaaron, jaal, jaal yaa anya pattern seey milate-julate jatil design hotey hain. glocester cathedral key lambavat gothic gaayak mandal mein ack behad jatil jaal jaisa tehkhana haye joe poori tarah seey learness mein dhakaa huaa haye, jabaki ellie cathedral key lady chappel mein mukhya roop seey chhat key kendra rekha key aspas kendrit learance kaa ack tehkhana haye.
lambavat gothic phain walt ingland key liye vishesh roop seey ack advitiya prakaar kaa rib walt haye. pasaliyan sabhi ack hii vakr kii hoti hain aur ack pankhe key samaan tareeke seey samaan doori parr hoti hain. iss prakaar, nukile mehraabon seey praapt gothic tahakhaane key vipareet, pankhe kii tahakhaane ardhvrittakar shankudhari seey bunny hoti haye. phain walting kaa sabse pahala udaaharan glocester cathedral key closter mein haye. raajaa key college chappel, cambridge mein duniya kii sabse badee pankhe vaali chhat haye.
kaary.
rib walt kaa vikas cathedral kii gufaaon mein adhik oonchaai aur adhik prakaash kii khoj kaa parinam thaa. romnesk cathedral mein, naabhi aamtaur parr groin walt kii ack shrinkhala seey dhaki hoti thee, joe dou bairal walt key pratichhedan seey bunny thee. tahakhaane seedhe divaaron parr dabaa diye gaye. groin walt "bomby" yaa motey taur parr gumbad key aakar key they. tahakhaane key vajan koo puuraa karane key liye, divaaron koo vishesh roop seey motaa honah padata thaa, aur khidakiyan anupasthit yaa bahut chhoti hoti theen. iss samasya kaa samadhan 11veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein gothic rib walt kii shuruat seey huaa thaa.
rib walt koo patali patthar kii rib () key network dwara prabalit kiya jaataa haye. pahale chhah bhaag vaale tahakhaane mein, tahakhaane koo dou vikarn paar karane vaali pasaliyon, saath hii ack madhyavarti pasaliyon dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa, joe tahakhaane koo chhah khandon mein vibhajit karati thee. vikarn pasaliyan ardhvrittakar mehraabon key roop mein theen, joe mehrab key kendra koo anuprasth mehraabon aur deewaar pasaliyon key star seey oopar leey jaati theen, aur ise ack chhote seey gumbad kii tarah dikhaati theen. (iss tarah kii tahakhaane koo sant 'ambrogio, milan key naabhi mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye). kuchh nae churchon mein, vastukaron ney apane mehraabon key oopari hisse koo oopar uthaakar samasya seey nipata. yeh kuchh shuruati gothic churchon mein azmaya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey ebaaye-aux-homes aur normandy mein lesse key mathh mein.
antatah tahakhaane key anuprasth aur vibhajit pasaliyon key liye nukile mehrab kii shuruat seey samasya kaa samadhan hoe gayaa. nukili kamaan lambe samay seey jaani aur niyojit thee, isaki bahut adhik taakat aur divaaron parr cumm jore key kaaran. jaba ack tahakhaane kii pasaliyon key liye kaam kiya jaataa haye, tou ack nukili mehrab koo apnakar, isaki choti koo vikarn pasaliyon kii oonchaai seey mell khaane key liye banaaya jaa sakata haye, joe kii kitni bhee sankeern yaa chaudi hoe sakati haye. pasaliyan tahakhaane kaa vajan baahar aur neeche kii or leey jaati theen. pasaliyon koo stambhon mein baanta gayaa thaa, pratyek mein chaar pasaliyon kaa sanyojan kiya gayaa thaa, joe divaaron koo bhootal parr ghaaton parr chapon taka utarati theen. baahar, divaaron koo bhaari patthar key nitambon key jodd seey adhik taakat dee gaee thee. pasaliyon key tahakhaane kii taakat ney patali divaaron koo sambhav banaa diyaa, jisase oopari star parr badee khidakiyan honah sambhav hoe gayaa, jisase naabhi koo prakaash seey bhar diyaa gayaa. unhone antatah gothic cathedral kii vishal gulab kii khidakiyon koo sambhav banaa diyaa.
iss chhah-bhaag vaali tijori koo safaltapurvak noyan cathedral, lonn cathedral aur notrey-dame dee peris mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa. ack ekal chhah-bhaag vaali tahakhaane mein nautere-dame key naabhi key dou paar khand shamil hoe sakate hain. haalaanki, chhah-rib walt mein apani samasyaaen theen. vajan koo bhootal parr stambhon mein samaan roop seey vitarit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. jaba ack tahakhaane mein dou paariyan hoti theen, tou madhyavarti pasaliyon kii tulanaa mein "doublocks", vikarn pasaliyon seey vajan wahan karane key liye adhik badey ghaaton kii aavashyakta hoti thee. iss samasya kaa samadhan tahakhaane koo saral banaakar aur madhyavarti pasaliyon koo samaapt karke, chaar-bhaag yaa chaturbhuj pasaliyon koo banaakar kiya gayaa thaa. iss pranali key tahat, jiska turant upayog emines cathedral, reims cathedral aur kaee anya mein kiya gayaa thaa, pratyek traverse section mein kewal ack chaar-bhaag vaali tijori thee. iss navachar key saath-saath udane vaale nitamb key upayog key saath, gothic cathedral kii deevaaren badee aur badee khidakiyon key saath aur adhik oonchi hoti gaeen.
rib walt key saralikaran key baad jald hii, vishesh roop seey ingland mein, ack aur pravritti aaee-unhein aur adhik jatil banaane key liye. madhyavarti riz rib kii shuruat key shuruati udaharanon mein seey ack linken cathedral key naabhi mein paaya jaataa haye; yeh tatva, jise riz rib kahaa jaataa haye, divaaron seey judaa naheen thaa. ingland mein vastukaron ney badey paimaane parr sajawat key liye naee pasaliyan jodana shuru curr diyaa. exter cathedral key naabhi mein deewaar kii pasaliyon aur vikarn pasaliyon key beach teen madhyavarti pasaliyan pradaan kii gaee theen. vibhinn pasaliyon key sangam koo chhipaane key liye, unake chaurahon koo samriddh nakkashidar maalikon seey alankrit kiya gayaa thaa, aur yeh abhyaas ack aur chhoti pasaliyon kii shuruat key saath badhaa, jise learney walting key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. france mein riz rib koo diyaa gayaa ack shabd, learney, angreji mein chhoti pasaliyon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye joe mukhya pasaliyon key beach paar karati hain; inhen mukhya roop seey sajawati visheshtaon key roop mein niyojit kiya jaataa thaa, udaaharan key liye taarakiya tahakhaane mein, jiska sabse achchha udaaharan landan key crossby holl kii oreal khidki key tahakhaane mein haye. pasaliyan adhik seey adhik aur adhik sajawati roop seey asadharan roop seey vistrit aur sajawati prashansak tahakhaane kii or leey jaati theen, joe pahali baar glocester cathedral key gaayak mandal mein upayog kii jaati theen.
nirmaan.
ack tahakhaane key nirmaan mein pahala kadam sahayak stambhon key sheersh key star taka ack lakadi kaa machaan thaa. isake baad, paansadiyon () key sateek aakar mein machaan key oopar ack sateek lakadi kii frame kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. pasaliyon key patthar key hisson koo saavdhaanipoorvak frame mein rakhaa gayaa aur mortar key saath jodaa gayaa. jaba pasaliyan sabhi jagah parr theen, tou keystone koo sheersh parr rakhaa gayaa thaa jahan way ack saath milate they. ack baar jaba keystone jagah parr thaa, tou pasaliyan akele khadee hoe sakati theen, joe unake vajan dwara neeche aur baahar kii or dabaane seey samarthit thee. shramikon ney phir pasaliyon key beach key dibbon mein eent yaa patthar key chhote-chhote tukadon koo bhar diyaa. framework hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. dibbon kii chinai lagbhag 15 semi motee thee. ack baar dibbon koo samaapt karane key baad, unaki aantarik satah koo plaster kiya gayaa aur phir chitrit kiya gayaa.
madhyayugeen rib walt kaa nirmaan ack jatil operation thaa jisamen vishesh shramikon kii ack team shamil thee. rajmistri mein haver () shamil they, joe patthar kaatate they; joe pattharon koo jagah parr rakhate they; aur paraten (), joe mortar key saath tukadon koo jodate they. inn kaarigaron ney badhai key saath kaam kiya jinhone jatil machaan aur model banaae.

