encondi

kondo (bahuvachan "minkondi", "zinkondi", yaa "ninkondi") kongo kshetra key kongo logon dwara banaai gaee rahasyamay moortiyaan hain. encondi minkisi kaa ack upavarg haye jise aakramak maanaa jaataa haye. nakondi naam kriya "-konda" seey nikla haye, jiska arth haye "shikaar karna" aur iss prakaar nakondi kaa arth haye "shikari" kyonki way shikaar curr sakate hain aur galat karane vaalon, chudailon yaa dushmanon parr hamla curr sakate hain.
kaary.
ack kondi kaa praathamik kaary ack aatma kaa ghar honah haye joe apane aadhar seey baahar nickle sakata haye, shikaar curr sakata haye aur anya logon koo nuksan pahuncha sakata haye. kaee kondi saarvajanik roop seey aayojit kiye jaate they aur shapath lene key liye, yaa gaanvon aur anya sthaanon koo chudailon yaa kukarmiyon seey bachaane key liye upayog kiye jaate they. yeh aadhyatmik shakti koo shamil karke unhein nakondi kii tarah minkisi mein rahane key liye praapt karke praapt kiya jaataa haye.
nakondi kii shabdawali kaa sambandh jaadoo-tona kii kongo avadhaaranaon seey haye joe iss vishvaas mein lunger daalate hain kii manushyon key liye dusaron koo shaap dene yaa unhein durbhagya, durghatanaon yaa bimari kaa kaaran banane key madhyam seey unhein nuksan pahunchaane key liye aadhyatmik shaktiyon koo namankit karna sambhav haye. ack nokondi mein nakhunon mein hathauda maarne key liye aksar upayog kii jaane vaali abhivyakti "komaa nloka" (ack shraap mein hathauda lagaane yaa hathauda lagaane key liye) dou pracheen bantu jadon "*-come-" seey vyutpann hoti haye jisamen isake shabdarth kshetra mein hathauda maarnaa shamil haye, aur "*-kutta-" jisamen jaadoo-tona aur shraap shamil haye. "kindoki", ack hii mool seey vyutpann ack shabd vyaapak roop seey jaadoo-tona, yaa dusaron key khilaf shaap koo prabhaavit karane seey judaa huaa haye, lekin vaastav mein dusaron koo nuksan pahunchaane key liye aatmaon koo soochibaddh karane key uddeshya seey kissy bhee kaarravaai koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. yadi niji taur parr swarthi karanon seey prayog kiya jaataa haye, tou iss shakti key upayog kii ninda jaadoo-tona key roop mein kii jaati haye, lekin yadi kissy gaanv, janjaati, raajneetik netaaon dwara saarvajanik roop seey yaa nirdosh logon dwara ack surakshaatmak upaay key roop mein shakti kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, tou ise jaadoo-tona naheen maanaa jaataa haye.
1624 key catachism mein, joe shayed 1557 key abb khoye hue catachism seey sambandhit isai bhasha koo darshaata haye, kriya "komaa" kaa upayog "croose parr chadhaane key liye" anuvaad karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa."
itihas.
kyonki way aakramak hain, kaee maanav aakritiyon vaale kondi apane haathon seey uthaaye jaate hain, kabhi-kabhi hathiyar bhee hotey hain. iss mudra mein ack nikisi kaa sabse pahala pratinidhitva kongo raajya key coat off arms mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, jise 1512 key aspas design kiya gayaa thaa aur 1528 aur 1541 key beach sachitra kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan dhaal key aadhar parr iss haav-bhaav key saath ack tooty hui "moorti" dikhaai gaee haye. solahavin seey unnisvin shatabdi mein missionaryon yaa anya logon dwara chhode gaye saahitya mein nile kiye gaye minkisi kaa varnan naheen kiya gayaa haye.
vyaat mcgaffy ney satrahavin shatabdi key uttaraardh mein capuchin missionary luka daa caltanisata key kaam kaa hawala dete hue kahaa kii unake samay mein, naganga ney kabhi-kabhi ack saath minkisi koo maaraa, shayed unhein sakriya karane kaa ack tarika, aur nakhun, joe mcgaffy kaa kahana haye kii usa samay pahale banaae jaa rahey they, antatah roopak koo badal diyaa gayaa thaa. anya vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii purtagaali missionaryon ney madhya africa key logon key liye croose parr aur shaheed sant sebastian kii chhaviyon koo croose parr latkaaya thaa, aur inn visheshagyon kaa maanana haye kii iss pratimashastra ney shayed nikisi parampara koo prabhaavit kiya haye. mcgaffy, apani or seey, iss vyakhya key khilaf bolata haye, yeh tark dete hue kii nakhun kii avadharana missionary shikshan kii ack sadharan galatfahmi honey key liye bahut adhik anya avadhaaranaon key saath bandhi hui haye.
nakhunon key saath kondi cumm seey cumm 1864 kii shuruat mein banaai gaee thee, jaba british commodore aeye. pee. congo nadee key muhaane parr solongo (soyo) samudri dakaiti koo dabaane key dauran eardley wilmont ney ack hassil kiya, ack tukada joe ack samkaaleen chitrakala kaa vishay thaa aur vartamaan mein landan mein shaahi bhaugolik sansthaan mein haye. ack aur praarambhik vivaran aur ack nakhun vaale kondi (jiska naam mabiyala muu endemba haye, aur jise "chor-khojkarta" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye) kaa chitran 1873-76 key loango key german abhiyaan key noton mein paaya jaataa haye, isaliye usa samay taka nakhun lagaane kaa vishisht abhyaas achchi tarah seey sthaapit thaa.
nirmaan.
anya minkisi kii tarah, kondi kaa nirmaan dhaarmik visheshagyon dwara kiya jaataa haye, jinhen naganga (bahuvachan "zinganga" yaa "banganga") kahaa jaataa haye. naganga samagri ekatra kartaa haye, jise "nalongo" (bahuvachan "bilongo" yaa "milongo") kahaa jaataa haye, joe jaba ikattha hotaa haye, tou ack aatma kaa ghar bunn jaayega. aksar inn samagriyon mein ack nakkashidar maanav aakriti shamil hoti haye jisamen anya bilongo rakhe jaate hain. taba naganga yaa tou aatma key saath aaa jaataa haye yaa taiyar nokondi koo kabristan mein yaa anya sthaan parr rakhta haye jahan aatmaaen aksar hoti hain. ack baar charge honey key baad, encondi koo graahak koo saunp diyaa jaa sakata haye. beesavin shatabdi kii shuruat kii kongo gawahi key anusaar, loga madad, upchaar, yaa gawah-vishesh roop seey anubandhon aur pratigyaon key liye ack yachika key hisse key roop mein aakritiyon mein nakhun lagaate hain. nakhun kaa uddeshya "jagaana" aur kabhi-kabhi haath mein kaam key liye nikisi koo "krodhit karna" haye.
kondi aakritiyon koo kaee roopon mein banaaya jaa sakata thaa, jisamen bartan yaa kadaahi shamil they, jinka varnan kiya gayaa thaa aur kabhi-kabhi beesavin shatabdi key kikongo granthon mein sachitra kiya gayaa thaa. joe loga maanav chhaviyon ("kiteke") kaa upayog karate they, unhein aksar kheencha jaataa thaa, aur iss prakaar unhone sangrahakartaon kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya aur aaj way behtar roop seey jaane jaate hain. maanav aakritiyaan aakar mein chhoti seey laker jeevan-aakar taka theen, aur isamen "bilongo" (ekvachan "longo"; aksar "dawa" key roop mein anuvaadit) thaa, joe aamtaur parr raal-sthir darpanon dwara chhipa huaa thaa. lakadi kii aakritiyon key roop mein nakondi koo aksar inn padarthon key liye unake shareer mein khule guhaaon key saath tarasha jaataa thaa. bhandaran key liye sabse aam jagah pett thaa, halanki iss tarah key paik koo aksar sir parr yaa gardan key aspas key pouch mein bhee rakhaa jaataa haye.
adhikansh nakondi aakritiyon mein aankhen aur dawa paik cover paraavartak kaanch yaa darpan they, jinka upayog bhavishyavaniyon key liye kiya jaataa thaa. pratibimbit satah ney apane shikaar kii jasusi karane key liye nkisi koo aatmik duniya mein dekhane mein saksham banaaya. kuchh kondi aakritiyaan pankhon seey saji hui theen. yeh "uparokt key" honey key roop mein aakritiyon kii avadharana key saath jaataa haye, aur unhein shikaar key pakshiyon key saath jodata haye.
nakondi aakritiyon kaa nirmaan aur upayog bhee unaki safalata kaa ack bahut hii mahatvapurna pahalu thaa. banganga aksar gaanv key kinare parr nakondi aakritiyon kii rachana kartaa thaa. gaanv koo maanav shareer key samaan maanaa jaataa thaa. yeh vichaar kii kinare aur pravesh dwaaron koo dusht aatmaon seey sanrakshit karane kii aavashyakta thee, maanav shareer aur gaanv donon mein huaa. minkisi kii rachana karate samay, naganga koo aksar gaanv key baaki hisson seey door ack chhipe hue shivir mein alag kiya jaataa haye. nikisi key nirmaan key baad aur naganga key uchit upayog aur sambandhit geeton koo seekhane key baad, vaha rung seey dhake gaanv mein laut aae aur ajib tareeke seey vyavhaar kiya.
asamanya vyavhaar yeh thaa kii ngangon koo jeevit logon kii bhoomi parr vaapas lautana thaa. kondi kaa upayog karane seey pahale, naganga ney kondi koo jagaane aur usaki shaktiyon koo sakriya karane key liye vishisht ahvaanon kaa paath kiya. unake pradarshan key dauran, banganga aksar khud koo chitrit kartaa thaa. aankho key chaaron or key safed ghere unhein bhautik duniya seey parey dekhane aur burai aur bimari key chhipe hue sroton koo dekhane kii anumati dete hain. pratibhagiyon parr safed dhaariyan chitrit kii gaeen. aksar, naganga unake nakondi key samaan kapade pahane hue thaa. banganga aam taur parr aise kapade pahanata haye joe samanya logon seey bahut alag hotey hain. way alankrit gahane pahanate they aur aksar apane kapadon mein gaanthen daalate they. gaanthen aadhyatmik shaktiyon koo bund karane yaa seal karane key tareeke seey judee hui theen.
pravasiyon mein encondi.
kongo aadhyatmikta, avadhaaranaon aur dhaarmik paramparaon ney atlantic daas vyaapaar key madhyam seey ashwet amerikiyon key liye apana raasta banaaya; african america mein kaee african pravaasi dharm, leukumi, vishesh roop seey paalo, aisee paramparaon aur reeti-rivaajon koo shamil karate hain. ack americi kalaa itihaaskaar, robbert faris thompson, vishesh roop seey mehnati rahey hain, aur america kii african vansh kii aabaadi mein kongo prabhaavon kii pehchaan karane mein prabhaavshaali rahey hain.
samkaaleen kalaa mein encondi.
europeeya kalaa sangrahakartaon koo nakondi mein ruchi thee, vishesh roop seey nakhun vaale, jaba unhein german loango abhiyaan key prakashanon mein vaapas bataaya gayaa thaa, joe unamen seey ack achchi sankhya koo europe vaapas leey aaya thaa. ack german vyaapaari aur rajanyik robert visar ney bhee german sangrahalayon key liye, vishesh roop seey berlin aur stuttgart mein, kaee udaaharan ekatra kiye. kaee khareede gaye, anya koo aupaniveshik adhikaariyon dwara jabt yaa hataa diyaa gayaa, aur aksar sangrahalayon mein jaane kaa raasta paaya gayaa, lekin kaee niji haathon mein bhee rahate hain.
haal hii mein, kalakaron ney nakondi seey prerit nae karyon kaa nirmaan karane key liye nakondi kii avadharana aur drishya kalpana key saath kaam kiya haye. african americi kalakar renee stouts kaa "fatish noo. 2 "1988 mein pahali baar pradarshit kiya gayaa shayed inmein seey sabse prasiddh haye, kaanch kii aankho kii visheshtaon aur nakondi kii yaad dilaane vaale kuchh nakhunon key saath stout key apane shareer seey daali gaee ack jeevan aakar kii moorti. stout kaa kaam smithsonian sansthaan key african kalaa sangrahalaya mein ack pramukh pradarshani kaa vishay thaa, jisamen maanavvigyaani vyaat mcgaffy dwara tippani key saath unake vibhinn nikisi tukade they.
unaki mishrit media rachana "antarlingita khand. 1, african americi kalakar stephany dinkins ney 1997 mein "woodoo shoh kongo creolo" naamak ack pradarshani mein, nocondi key maanav aakriti kaa niptan kiya, lekin nakhunon koo shamil kiya aur darpan koo 3 minut kii prastuti dikhaane vaale video screen key saath badal diyaa.
cuba kii kalakar tania brugura ney apane pradarshan mein "destiero" ("visthaapan") (pahale cuba aur us mein pradarshan kiya, 1998-99), ack vishesh soot pahane hue ack nakhun vaale nakondi key samaan banaaya, aur phir, kuchh ghanton taka baney rahane key baad, una logon kii talash mein ghoomate rahey jinhone vaade toda diye they. unhone iss tukade koo newberger museum off art (newyork) mein "transfigured worlds" (28 janwari-11 aprail 2010) kii pradarshani mein bhee prastut kiya.
african americi kalakar kaaraa walker ney 2001 mein apane sylhoot tukade "antaheen paheli, ack african gumnam saahasik" mein dou encondi aakritiyon koo dikhaaya, aur aksar phir seey pradarshit kiya. 2006 mein metropolitan museum off art mein apane swa-curated show mein, walker ney ack nikisi kaa bhee upayog kiya, shayed nakondi koo show key liye ack kendriya rupankan key roop mein "kaaraa walker aitt dha meetah after dha deluze" key roop mein."
african americi kalakar dred scott (scott tiler) ney teen vyaktiyon key show mein samkaaleen kalaa (neurk, aine. jey.) key kendra aljira mein ack african khilauna gudiya koo ack nakondi key roop mein pradarshit kiya, jisamen goliyaan nakhun key roop mein kaam karati hain.
african americi kalakar curran senepheru kii bahu-media moortiyaan, "techno-kissy aaee" aur "techno-kissy II" donon goal nakhunon key saath ack encondi parr adharit hain, lekin unhone paaramparik roop seey pratibimbit aankho aur pett koo badalane key liye slide show yaa ipod jaisi aadhunik sanchaar praudyogiki key tatvon koo shamil kiya. unakaa kaam mool roop seey california african americi sangrahalaya dwara shuru kiya gayaa thaa aur 2010 mein skirball saanskritik kendra mein bhee dikhaaya gayaa thaa.
dakshin african kalakar michael mackery ney agast, 2011 mein landan kii tett gallery mein pradarshani mein "yuddh key vinashkari parinam key saath-saath kondi moortiyon kaa ullekh karate hue haathi daant kii moortiyon" kaa pradarshan kiya.
americi kalakar justine paar ney greensboro, aine. see., 2012 mein drishya kalaa kendra mein "relicum" naamak ekal pradarshani mein upayogita dhruvon seey bachaaye gaye nakhunon kaa upayog karate hue, 'nakondi aeye', 'nakondi bee' aur 'nakondi see' naamak teen moortiyon mein nkissy nakondi key saundarya aur darshan koo anukoolit kiya.
cape town (13 disambar 2014-17 janwari 2015) kii goodman gallery mein apani 2014 kii ekal pradarshani, 'animisticutivist' mein, dakshin african kalakar andru lampract ney aadhunik roop mein ack encondi aakriti prastut kii aur roop key kongo raajya mein sambhaavit isai mool kii or dhyaan aakarshit kiya.
2017 mein ack pradarshani mein "dha propets library", african americi kalakar wesley clark ney "dooing forr self", americi dhwaj kii ack encondi vyakhya pradarshit kii. clark karane key liye, yeh tukada african pravasiyon kii aadhyatmikta aur parampara aur african americi itihas mein anubhav kiye gaye anyaay key beach sulah koo badhaava detaa haye.
film mein nakondi.
2006 kii film dha promise keeper ack jeevan-aakar key nakondi aakriti key ird-gird ghoomati haye. film mein nakhun una logon dwara kiye gaye vaadon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain jinhone unhein aakriti mein hathauda maaraa, aur joe vaade todate hain unhein dandit karane key liye raat mein vastu jeevan mein aatee haye.

