paryaavaran-raashtravaad

paryaavaran-raashtravaad (jise paaristhitik raashtravaad yaa harit raashtravaad key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) raashtravaad aur harit rajneeti kaa ack sanshleshan haye. paryaavaran-rashtravadi vaam-dakshin raajneetik spectrum mein kaee binduon seey hoe sakate hain, lekin sabhi iss vichaar seey bandhe hain kii rashtra-raajya aur usake nagrikon kaa apane desh key paryaavaran kii raksha karna vishesh kartavya haye.
paribhaashaaen aur siddhant.
jaine dosson key anusaar, paryaavaran-raashtravaad samajik andolanon kaa uday haye joe paryaavaran sanrakshan kii samasyaon koo rashtravadi chintaon seey nikatata seey jodate hain. dosson ney yeh bhee anuman lagaaya kii paryaavaran-raashtravaad "paryavaranvad, rashtriya pehchaan aur nyaay key liye sangharsh kaa sanshleshan haye. itihas key professor key. shivaramakrishnan aur gunnell sederloaf ney paryaavaran-raashtravaad koo paribhaashit kiya haye, chaahe vaha prakriti mein deshi hoe yaa mahanagariya, "jaba raajya paryaavaran aur paryaavaran neetiyon koo rashtriya gaurav key roop mein viniyojit kartaa haye, jisase rashtra koo majboot aur vaidh banaaya jaataa haye."
paryaavaran-raashtravaad key pahale udaharanon mein seey ack 1980 key dashak mein tatkalin soviyat sangh mein thaa, jahaan nagrikon ney paryaavaran ksharan koo samaajvaad kii ack pranaaleegat galati aur masco kii kissy vishesh rashtra koo usake praakritik aadhar koo nasht karke aur usake sansadhanon kaa dohan karke kamjor karane kii ichcha kaa pratyaksh parinam donon key roop mein maanaa. astonian, lithuanian aur ukraini swatantrata andolanon ney paryaavaran sakriyata seey, vishesh roop seey paramanu virodhi rukh seey, bahut taakat hassil kii. 1985-1991 mein, paryaavaran-raashtravaad lakshnon mein seey ack thaa aur saath hii soviyat sangh key vighatan kaa ack nayaa aaveg thaa.
maanavvigyaani dwara paribhaashit paryaavaran-raashtravaad aksar prakriti koo sanskriti key baahar ack ikai key roop mein apanaane mein prakat hotaa haye jise jaba bhee sambhav hoe apani pracheen aur achhoot sthiti mein sanrakshit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. subaltern adhyayan aur saanskritik maanav vigyaan mein, paryaavaran-raashtravaad mool prajaatiyon aur paridrishyon key pratimaan koo iss tarah seey sandarbhit kartaa haye joe ack rashtravadi bhavna koo aakarshit kartaa haye.
jaatiya paaristhitiki-raashtravaad banaam nagrik paaristhitiki-raashtravaad.
paryaavaran-raashtravaad parr charcha karate samay, kaee lekhakon ney kahaa haye kii jaatiya raashtravaad aur nagrik raashtravaad key beach key antar koo samajhana mahatvapurna haye. jaatiya raashtravaad kaa maanana haye kii rashtra-raajya kaa nirmaan mukhya roop seey ack hii jaatiyata key ird-gird kiya jaanaa chaahiye, jabaki nagrik raashtravaad kaa maanana haye kii rashtra-raajya kaa nirmaan una logon kii vividhata key ird-gird kiya jaanaa chaahiye joe sabhi samaan moolyon, maanyataon aur sanskriti koo saajha karate hain. pahala dweepeeya, algavvadi, nativist aur aam taur parr dakshinpanthi hotaa haye, jabaki doosara khula, samtaavaadi, bahusaanskritik aur aam taur parr adhik vampanthi hotaa haye. chaahe jaatiya rashtravadi hoe yaa nagrik rashtravadi, jaba koee rashtravadi samooh apani vichardhara mein paryavaranvadi ayam jodata haye, tou unakaa maanana haye kii rashtra-raajya aur usake nagrikon kaa kartavya haye kii way desh key paryaavaran kii raksha karein.
jaiv-kshetriyata.
jaiv-kshetriyata yeh vishvaas haye kii raajneetik, saanskritik aur aarthik pranaaliyan paryaavaran kii drishti seey adhik tikaau hain aur aggar way praakritik roop seey paribhaashit kshetron key aspas sangathit hain jinhen jaiv-kshetra kahaa jaataa haye. yeh vichaar kii ack raajya koo bhoomi key praakritik bhugol key anuroop honah chaahiye, ack praakritik seema kii purani rashtravadi avadharana key saath sangat haye, joe yeh bhee maanata haye kii praakritik bhugol koo ack raajya kii seemaon koo nirdhaarit karna chaahiye. inn donon vichaaron kii sangatata key kaaran, jaiv-kshetriyata aksar paryaavaran-rashtravadi vichaar kaa siddhant haye.
paaristhitiki paryatan aur saanskritik paaristhitiki-raashtravaad.
paaristhitiki-raashtravaad paaristhitiki paryatan mein prakat hoe sakata haye, joe sthaaniya arthvyavasthaon koo samriddh curr sakata haye lekin isaki vibhinn drishtikonon seey aalochana kii gaee haye. kissy rashtra kii praakritik ghatnaaon key gunon kii prashansa karane vaali kalaatmak kritiyaan, jaise kii villium wordsworth kii kavita yaa saat key samooh kii painting, paryaavaran-raashtravaad kii ack aur abhivyakti hain.
rashtriya udaaharan.
africa.
nigeria.
rashtriya sarkaar key khilaf tateey dakshin nigeria mein ogonyland mein ogoni logon key sangharsh koo jaine dosson dwara ack paryaavaran-rashtravadi andolan key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. 1960 key dashak key dauran iss kshetra mein tail kii khoj key baad, sanghiya sarkaar ney nigeria key raajyon key bajat mein badalaav kiya. tail kii khoj seey pahale, ack raajya kaa bajat iss baat parr adharit thaa kii isane rashtriya arthavyavastha mein kitna yogdan diyaa, lekin tail kii khoj key baad, neeti bunn gaee kii dhana koo sabhi raajyon key beach baanta jaanaa chaahiye. iska parinam yeh huaa kii ogonyland mein utpann honey vaali naee sampatti kaa bahut cumm sthaaniya roop seey punarnivesh kiya gayaa thaa, aur isake bajaay desh key uttar mein adhik raajneetik roop seey shaktishali raajyon mein punarvitarit kiya gayaa thaa. ogonyland mein phir seey nivesh kii gaee sampatti kaa chhota pratishat tail buniyaadi dhaanche key nirmaan mein nivesh kiya gayaa thaa, buniyaadi dhaanche key kaaran iss kshetra parr gambhir paryavaraniya parinam hue they. natijatan, ogoni raashtravaad ney inn muddon key jawab mein ack vishisht paryavaranvadi ayam apanaaya.
asia.
bhaarat.
bhaarat mein, vishesh roop seey jharkhand raajya mein, sarna sthal dharm key anuyaayiyon key raajya seey aadhikarik maanyata praapt karane key sangharsh koo kuchh logon ney "paryaavaran-rashtravadi" key roop mein varnit kiya haye, kyonki sarna pehchaan kaa janm paaristhitik soch seey bharey rashtra kii bhavna seey honey kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye.
taiwan.
kuchh vidvaanon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii nagrik paryaavaran-raashtravaad taiwan kii rajneeti kii ack vishisht visheshta haye. 1980 key dashak mein purvi gutt key deshon key samaan, 1990 key dashak mein taiwan mein paryavaranvad virodh ack aisaa saadhan thaa jisake dwara nagrik apratyaksh roop seey party-raajya kii aalochana curr sakate they. soviyat sangh mein baltic deshon kii tarah, paryavaranvad ack zana andolan key roop mein taiwan mein paramanu shakti kii shuruat key khilaf ack pratikriya key roop mein shuru huaa. 1994 mein linn yee-hsyung key netritva mein lungman paramanu oorjaa sanyantra key nirmaan key khilaf virodh pradarshanon koo taiwan mein paryaavaran-raashtravaad key liye ack aadhar bindu key roop mein uddhrit kiya gayaa haye aur saath hii saath usa gati key hisse key roop mein bhee ullekh kiya gayaa haye jisake kaaran 1990 aur 2000 key dashak key anta mein taiwan mein loktantra mein parivartan huaa. aitihaasik 2000 key taiwan rashtrapati chunaav mein chain shui-bian key munch kaa hissa, jisamen sattaaroodh kuomintang pahali baar haar gayaa thaa, lungman sanyantra key nirmaan koo rokna thaa. paramanu oorjaa kaa mudda, aur vishesh roop seey lungman, taiwan mein kabhi hull naheen huaa haye aur 2011 mein japan mein fukushima paramanu aapada key baad, paramanu oorjaa kaa mudda ack baar phir taiwan kii rajneeti mein ack pramukh mudda bunn gayaa. 
ack anya kshetra jisamen taiwan key paryavaranvad aur paryaavaran-raashtravaad kaa pradarshan dekhaa jaa sakata haye, taiwan kii swadeshi aabaadi kii rajneeti mein haye. taiwan mein ack lagaatar aalochana yeh haye kii paaramparik roop seey swadeshi taiwaniyon key kabje vaali bhoomi koo raajya dwara khaanon aur rashtriya udyaanon mein badal diyaa gayaa haye, jabaki swadeshi logon koo raajya dwara gharon yaa shikaar key liye ack hii bhoomi kaa upayog karane seey roque diyaa gayaa haye. 2018 mein, naee shakti party key ack sadasya ney kahaa kii taiwan key 217 khanan kshetron mein seey 80 pratishat adiwasi kshetron mein sthit they. iss sthiti key kaaran 2017 mein shuru hue swadeshi ketagalan bulleward virodh pradarshan kaa kaaran banaa haye. swadeshi taiwaniyon parr paryavaraniya bojh kaa ack aur udaaharan raajya dwara badey paimaane parr swadeshi orchid dweep parr gupt roop seey kiye gaye paramanu apashisht dumping kaa mudda rhaa haye. iss paramanu dumping kii khoj ney 2002 mein badey paimaane parr virodh pradarshanon koo janm diyaa. yeh bhavna kii taiwan key audyogik vikas kii keemat swadeshi samudaayon parr anuchit roop seey gir gaee haye, taiwan mein paryaavaran-raashtravaad key vikas kaa kaaran bunny haye, paryaavaran-rashtravadiyon kaa tark haye kii swadeshi logon key sangharsh koo paryavaranvad seey jodaa jaanaa chaahiye aur swadeshi logon key liye paryavaraniya nyaay honah chaahiye. 
taiwan key raashtravaad aur paryavaranvad key vilay kaa ack aur uddhrit udaaharan "huan-daao" key badhate paryavaraniya pahalu mein haye; huan-daao ack ubharati hui taiwan kii parampara haye jisamen ack taiwan kaa nagrik taiwan saikil maarg sankhya 1 key saath desh kii poori lambai koo saikil chalaata haye. ise aaney vaale yug key anushthaan key saath-saath taiwan kii deshbhakti kaa kaary bhee maanaa jaataa haye, huan-daao kaa ack vikaasheel pahalu yaatriyon key liye deshbhakti adhiniyam key roop mein maarg parr kachare koo ikattha karna aur niptana haye. 
europe.
baltic rashtra aur ukraine.
jaisa kii oopar ullekh kiya gayaa haye, 1980 key dashak mein astonia, latvia, lithuania aur ukraine mein paryaavaran-raashtravaad key kuchh pahale udaaharan dekhe gaye they. isi avadhi key dauran una deshon mein rashtravadiyon ney paaya kii yadi soviyat sangh paryavaranvad key jhande key neeche thaa tou way sarkaar virodhi gatividhi koo avaruddh karane kii koshish naheen karate they. iss prakaar una deshon mein rashtravadiyon ney paryaavaran key karanon mein khud koo jhonk diyaa, vishesh roop seey chernobyl aapada key baad. astonia mein, paryaavaran-rashtravadiyon ney tail-shale pradooshan, paramanu jokhim aur khanij (phosphat) khanan key muddon parr abhiyaan chalaaya. latvia mein, daugawa nadee parr badey panbijali baandhon seey praakritik paryaavaran koo sambhaavit nuksan honey kii ashanka haye, saath hii yeh bhee chinta haye kii latvian rashtra key prateek oak aur linden pedh kii prajaatiyon koo nasht kiya jaa rhaa haye. astonia, latvia, lithuania aur ukraine key paryaavaran-raashtravaad koo paryaavaran-rashtravadi key bajaay paryaavaran-nagrik-rashtravadi key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.
scotland.
madhya-vaam, nagrik rashtravadi scotish rashtriya party koo kuchh sroton mein paryaavaran-rashtravadi key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye; scotish raashtravaad kaa samarthan karate hue, aiss. aine. pee. ney westminster sarkaar parr ack "laparwahi seey makaan malik" honey kaa aarop lagaaya haye joe scotland mein apana kachra aur pradooshan fenkati haye. aiss. aine. pee. paryaavaran kaaryakartaon key saath kaam karane kii lambe samay seey ichcha key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. 2019 mein aiss. aine. pee. key netritva vaali scotish sarkaar duniya key pahale deshon mein seey ack thee jisane aadhikarik taur parr jalavaayu apatkal kii ghoshana kii aur isake baad kattarpanthi jalavaayu parivartan (utsarjan mein kamee lakshya) (scotland) adhiniyam 2019 key saath iska paalan kiya. baad mein sanyukt rashtra ney iss adhiniyam kii prashansa kii kii "peris samjhaute koo praapt karane key liye hamein vishva star parr jiss star kii mahatvakanksha kii aavashyakta haye, uska ack prerak udaaharan". 2021 key scotish sansad chunaav key baad, aiss. aine. pee. aur scotish greens ney ack saath sattaaroodh gathbandhan mein pravesh kiya. aiss. aine. pee. kii tarah, scotish hariyali united kingdam seey swatantrata kaa samarthan karati haye.
spen.
madhya-vampanthi catalan rashtravadi party, catalonia key republican left koo paryaavaran-rashtravadi key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. 2017 mein unhone catalan sansad key madhyam seey ack jalavaayu apatkal ghoshana paarit kii, jisamen fracking parr pratibandh lagaane, 2027 taka sabhi paramanu suvidhaon koo bund karane kii yojana banaane aur 2030 taka cumm seey cumm 27 pratishat utsarjan mein kamee laane jaise kattarpanthi kadam uthaaye jaate. haalaanki, spen kii sarvocch adalat ney ise asamvaidhaanik maanane key baad adhiniyam koo veeto curr diyaa kyonki yeh spen mein kshetriya sansadon koo dee gaee shaktiyon key dayare seey adhik haye. catalan sansad mein unake kaam key alawa, europeeya sansad mein unake kaam key liye jalavaayu kaarravaai network dwara arc ("eskera republicana dee kaitalunya") kii prashansa kii gaee haye, jahaan 2014 aur 2019 key beach erc koo spen kii mukhya green party, greens ikwo seey bhee behtar jalavaayu samarthak matdan record maanaa gayaa thaa, aur poore europeeya sansad mein baithe kissy bhee dall key harit muddon parr sarvshreshth pradarshan karane vaalon mein seey ack maanaa gayaa thaa.
vampanthi galician rashtravadi gutt koo paryaavaran-rashtravadi bhee kahaa gayaa haye. party ney aise kaanoonon kaa ahwan kiya haye joe gatishilata, apashisht, oorjaa, khanan aur jall prabandhan key muddon koo sambodhit karate hue paridrishya aur paaristhitiki tantra koo suraksha pradaan karenge. 2019 mein party ney jalavaayu apatkal parr kaarravaai karane key saath-saath jall prabandhan aur jaiv vividhata key liye khatare key roop mein aakramak prajaatiyon key khatare seey nipatane key liye spen mein kshetriya star parr ack sankat mantrimandal key nirmaan key liye kahaa.
france.
2014 mein, francisi rashtriya morche key rashtravadi netaa, marine leey paine ney ack 'deshbhakti paaristhitiki' pariyojana shuru kii. naee paaristhitiki key naam seey jaane jaane vaale iss andolan ney khud koo paryavaranvad key ack moolvaadi roop parr brand kiya-sthaaniya roop seey praapt utpaadon koo protsaahit karna ack udaaharan haye. leey paine key rashtravadi agende koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, leey paine ney khuli seemaon koo "paaristhitiki virodhi" key roop mein varnit kiya. isake vipareet, leey paine ney huffington post mein ack lekh mein "pawan oorjaa parr tatkaal roque lagaane kaa adesh dene" kaa bhee vaadaa kiya, dennish udyami gens martin skibstead ney bataaya kii unhone ack baar marine leey paine key pitaa aur rashtriya morche key poorv netaa, jeane-mairi leey paine koo dekhaa thaa, "yeh pradarshit karane key liye kii harey paryavaranvid vaastav mein laal communist they, ack tarbooj koo dou hisson mein kaat diyaa thaa."
hangri.
hangri kii raajneetik party hamaare matribhoomi andolan koo abhivinyas mein roodhivaadi roop seey paryaavaran-rashtravadi key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye; udaaharan key liye, party ney hangri key logon seey tissa nadee seey pradooshan koo hataane kaa samarthan karke deshbhakti dikhaane kaa ahwan kiya haye, saath hii saath pradooshan parr romenia aur ukraine parr dosh lagaaya haye. sudur dakshinpanthi chaunsath county yuva andolan key tatva khud koo "paryaavaran-rashtravadi" label key liye pratibandhit karate hain, jisamen ack sadasya ney kahaa kii "koee bhee vaastavik rashtravadi jalavaayu incar karane vaalaa naheen haye.
roose.
nae yug key dhaarmik andolan anastasianism, joe logon key prakriti key saath aadhyatmik sambandh parr jore detaa haye, koo shikshaavidon mein raajneetik drishtikon mein "paryaavaran-rashtravadi" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.
oceania.
australia aur newzealand.
desh key paridrishya aur paryaavaran mein deshbhakti kaa gaurav vishesh roop seey australia aur newzealand jaise deshon mein dikhaai detaa haye, joe apane advitiya pashu jeevan key liye jaane jaate hain. paryaavaran-raashtravaad koo praakritik ashcharyon jaise kii mahaan baadha chattan yaa mitter shikhar, cacapo aur badee bluetooth aaraa machhali jaisi pratishthit prajaatiyon kii disha mein vyaapak sanrakshan prayason aur inn prajaatiyon aur kshetron kii raksha key liye rashtriya udyaanon key nirmaan mein rashtriya gaurav seey bhee chihnit kiya gayaa haye. jabaki sanrakshan prayason key liye fayademand, paryaavaran-raashtravaad kii aalochana upaniveshvaadi dwibhajan aur ontology key vistaar key roop mein kii gaee haye aur shayed hii kabhi swadeshi paaristhitik gyaan koo sambodhit kartaa haye.
newzealand key anya kshetron mein tail mukt wellington samooh aur usaki sahayogi pariyojanaon, ack andolan jisane newzealand key tata parr tail key liye gahare samudra mein khudai key khilaf abhiyaan chalaaya kyonki yeh rashtra koo nuksan pahuncha rhaa thaa, koo nae utsaahi paryaavaran-raashtravaad key ack aur udaaharan key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.

