
ekal

soleres (soul kaa bahuvachan,) flamenco sangeet key sabse buniyaadi roopon yaa "palos" mein seey ack haye, joe shayed spen key sabse dakshini kshetra andalusia mein kadiz yaa seville key kaile roman logon key beach utpann hotaa haye. yeh aamtaur parr kewal ack gitar key saath hotaa haye, joe kii frigian mode mein "pore ariba" (6 veen string parr maulik) hotaa haye; "bulerias pore soul" aamtaur parr "pore medio" (5 veen string parr maulik) bajaaya jaataa haye. solares koo kabhi-kabhi "palos kii maan" kahaa jaataa haye, halanki yeh sabse purana naheen haye (ee.jee. siguria solier seey purana haye) aur harr dusare paalo (ee.jee. fandangos parivaar ack alag mool seey haye)
geet.
jaba gaayak solo gaate hain, jaisa kii adhikansh palos key saath hotaa haye, tou way aam taur parr alag-alag raag key saath alag-alag "coplas" (chhand) chunate hain, aur unhein kshan kii prerana yaa pichhali yojana key anusaar jodate hain. bhale hii gaayak kii koee pichhali yojana hoe, lekin ise aksar pull key saath badal diyaa jaataa haye. yeye chhand vishay vastu mein ack dusare seey swatantra hain.
geet kii vishay-vastu aam taur parr gambhir prakriti kii hoti haye, joe sangeet kii gambhir havaa key liye upayukt hoti haye. way aksar ack samvedansheel swar rakhate hain aur antarang dard kii bhavna vyakt karate hain. kabhi-kabhi nirasha, seguiria kii adhik vishishtata, bhee dikhaai dey sakati haye. haalaanki, ise samanya banaana mushkil haih kabhi-kabhi cumm gambhir chhand anya gambhir chhand key beach mein aaa sakata haye, aur vidambana aksar hoti haye.
soul key chhand mein teen yaa chaar panktiyaan hoti hain. chaar-pankti vaale chhand mein, doosari aur chauthi pankti swarbaddh chhand mein hoti haye, jabaki pahali aur teesari mukt hoti haye. teen-pankti vaale panktiyon mein, pratham aur tritiya key beach kaa swar hotaa haye. kuchh udaaharan -
iss prakaar kaa chhand "covarteta romansada" haye, joe spanish kavita mein sabse puraane aur sabse adhik baar aaney vaale mein seey ack haye, aur madhyayugeen "romans" kavyatmak roop seey liya gayaa haye, joe ack prakaar kii paaramparik mahakavya kavita haye joe hamaare dinon taka vidwan aur lokpriya saahitya donon mein bunny hui haye.
ack soul kii dhuna kuchh panktiyon koo doharaane, unake taarkik crum koo badalane, yaa panktiyon koo kaatane kii maang curr sakati haye, kabhi-kabhi shabdon key beach mein bhee. udaaharan key liye, jaise kih
ise iss tarah key geet mein prastut kiya jaa sakata haih
sangeet vishleshan.
solaa paaramparik geeton kii sabse adhik sankhya key saath flamenco palos mein seey ack haye, aur ise vishesh roop seey jaankaar kalakaron aur darshakon dwara saraha jaataa haye. gayakon key liye yeh bahut hii chunautipurna haye, kyonki unhein rachanaatmak honey kaa prayaas karna padata haye aur saath hii, parampara kaa sammaan karna padata haye, aur unhein madhur aur layabaddh pakshon key beach ack achchha santulan khojane mein safal honah padata haye, donon behad kathin hain. yeh mahaan mukhar kshamataon kii maang kartaa haye, aur gaayak koo junoon aur sanyam key beach santulan praapt karna chaahiye.
ack ekal chhand kii dhuna aamtaur parr ack seemit seema key bheetar rahati haye (aamtaur parr 5vein seey adhik naheen). isaki kathinaaee melism aur microtones key upayog mein nihit haye, joe aavaaj mein bahut chapalata aur sateekta kii maang karate hain. cumm register mein adhik sanyamit chhand key saath solier kii ack shrinkhala shuru karna samanya haye, jabaki uchch register mein adhik seey adhik maang vaale aabhushan jaari rakhate hain. shrinkhala koo aksar saapeksh pramukh mode mein bahut adhik jeevant gati mein ack chhand key saath samaapt kiya jaataa haye.
meater (kampas).
soul kaa meater yaa "kampas" flamenco mein sabse vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaane vaalaa haye. anya palos ney apane compass koo soul seey praapt kiya haye, jisamen bulerias pore soul, cantiana samooh mein palos, jaise allegris, romera, mirabras, caracol yaa, kuchh hudd taka, bulerias shamil hain. isamen 12 taal hotey hain, aur ise triple aur dupal beat baar key sanyojan key roop mein varnit kiya jaa sakata haye, isaliye yeh ack polymeter roop haye, jisamen pratyek baar key anta mein majboot taal hoti haye. soul lay kaa mool "kankal", iss prakaar, iss pattern kaa anusaran kartaa haih
phir bhee, yeh sirf ack antarnihit sanrachana haye, ack neenv kii tarah, ack prakaar kaa grid jahaan flamenco kalakar rachanaatmak roop seey upkhandon, abhivyakti aur cumm samanya roop seey, samanvaya aur uchchaaran visthaapan key madhyam seey lay koo aakarshit karate hain.
palmas" kaa pahala udaaharan ack bahut hii samanya, saral pattern haih
dhyaan dein kii palmas aksar (halanki hamesha kissy bhee tarah seey) 4 seey 6 kii taal key dauran chup rahate hain, bhale hii beat number 6 ack "majboot" hoe. yeh vishesh roop seey taba sach hotaa haye jaba koee nritya naheen hotaa haih mukhya ruchi gaayan (yaa bajaana) haye aur bahut adhik taalvaadya sangeet seey dhyaan hataa sakata haye. haalaanki una taalon koo aksar taba chihnit kiya jaataa haye jaba nritya hotaa haye, yaa jaba anya palos koo usee meater mein pradarshan karate hain jaise kii allegris yaa buleria porole. haalaanki, inhen kathor aur tez niyamon key roop mein naheen liya jaanaa chaahiye, balki samanya dishaanirdeshon key roop mein liya jaanaa chaahiye.
ack adhik jatil udaaharan.
chhote narangi varg koo bahut hii dheere seey khela jaanaa chaahiye.
uparokt vividhataon key beach kewal dou udaaharan hain.
jaba dou yaa dou seey adhik loga palmas khelate hain, tou unamen seey ack aamtaur parr ack aadhar pattern khelata haye, niyamit taal parr jore detaa haye, jabaki doosara upbeats ("contrass", "contratimpos" key liye chhota) khelata haye.
soul koo rubato khela jaa sakata haye, yaani, isaki abhivyanjak gunavatta koo samriddh karane key liye gati koo dheema aur tej karna. nishchit roop seey niyamit gati taba anivarya hoti haye jaba ise ack nartak key saath bajaaya aur gaaya jaataa haye.
harmonic sanrachana.
soliya (parivartit) frigian mode "pore ariba" (6 veen string parr maulik) mein vikasit hotaa haye, jisamen mode kii III degree koo i koo hull karate samay ack pramukh 3 mein badal diyaa jaataa haye.
gaayak kii swar shreni key anukool honey key liye, gitarvadak gyaat taar kii sthiti koo sanrakshit karate hue kissy bhee kunji mein khelane key liye "sejila" (capo) kaa upayog curr sakate hain. aadhunik gitarvadak aksar anya taar sthitiyon kaa upayog karke yaa naee dhwaniyon key saath prayog karane key liye gitar kii tuning koo badalane key liye solaa bajaate hain, vishesh roop seey ekal vaadya yantron mein.
vishisht flamenco pragati IV, iii, ii, i (ack parivartit fryzian taal) geet key vikas key dauran kaee baar sunee jaati haye. ee parivartit frigian mein, pragati aim, jee, aff, ee hogi (ee cord ack dietonic frigian cadence mein aim honah chaahiye, lekin iska dietonic teesara-jee-ack jee mein badal jaataa haye).
chaar-pankti vaale chhand key saath ack samanya pragati nimnalikhit haih
aur teen-pankti vaale chhand key saath ack samanya pragatih
solaa roop kii sanrachana.
soul gitar shally koo aasaani seey isake meater aur frigian mode dwara pahachaana jaataa haye, lekin visheshta vakyanshon kii ack shrinkhala dwara bhee.
ack gitarvadak, jaba souli bajaata haye, tou yeh sanyojan karegaah
sabhi khandon mein summ sankhya mein "kampas" hotey hain aur way avadhi mein tulaniya hotey hain.
itihas.
adhikansh palos kii tarah iss "paalo" kii utpatti agyaat haye, halanki yeh bahut atkalon key adheen rahee haye. sabse pratishthit "palos" mein seey ack honey key bavjood, soul koo tonus aur seguirias kii tulanaa mein apekshaakrit nayaa maanaa jaataa haye. 1862 mein spanish kavi gustavo adolfo becker kaa sabse pahala gyaat ullekh, jise "soldeds" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye, aksar 1850 seey pahale unakaa astitva bataaya jaataa haye, lekin kabhi saabit naheen huaa haye. lock-kathaa-lekhak demophilo ney 1879 kii shuruat mein hii ashvasana diyaa thaa kii way "coplas dee jaaleo" seey nikale hain, joe ack bahut hii jeevant lay mein ack prakaar kaa utsav geet shally haye, joe 19veen shatabdi key madhya mein bahut lokpriya haye. yeye tathya anya vichaaron key vipareet hain jinake anusaar soul baaki flamenco "palos" kii utpatti hogi aur shuru seey hii ack gambhir aur gambhir shally thee. apane adim charanon mein, soliya, saath hii saath gelio, cadies aur seville key praanton key kaee shaharon mein jipsey vatavaran seey judey hue prateet hotey hain.
soul kaa swarn yug 19veen shatabdi kii antim timahi maanaa jaataa haye, usa samay jaba "kaife cantante" (sangeetmay kaife) flamenco kalakaron key liye tarjihi sthal thaa. humm joe ekal dhunon koo jaanate hain, unamen seey adhikansh kaa shreya una gayakon koo diyaa jaataa haye joe usa samay sakriya they. shatabdi key anta key saath, anya "palos" jaise kii samooh "cants libres" jaise kii malegna, tarantas yaa cartagenerus ney varchasva hassil curr liya. ópera flamenca" key samay, yeh aage fandangos dwara visthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, lokpriya geet bullerius lay key liye aur "cants dee idaa vaaee vuelta" jaise kii gujira.
1950 seey 1970 key dashak key dauran, antonio marena aur unake school key nava-paaramparikta key samay, shally vaapas paksh mein chully gaee, seguirias aur tonus key saath milkar flamenco kalakaron, alochakon aur janata dwara sabse moolyavaan mein seey ack bunn gaee. nae flamenco key janm key baad solaa phir seey napsand mein chalaa gayaa. cameron dee laa isla aur unake school key anuyaayi paaramparik, "kathor" shailiyon parr cumm dhyaan dete hain, aur buleria yaa tango jaise anya adhik utsav "palos" kaa samarthan karate hain, jinhen popp aur vaanijyik sangeet prabhaavon key saath milana aasaan hotaa haye.
mukhya ekal shailiyaan.
ekmatra "shailiyaan" (yaa balki, hamein "dhunein" kahana chaahiye) paaramparik roop seey unake bhaugolik mool key tahat vargeekrit kii jaati hain aur phir gaayak dwara unhein shreya diyaa jaataa haye. inn tathyon koo poorna satya key roop mein naheen liya jaanaa chaahiye. kaee baar, yeye shreya kewal maukhik parampara aur gayakon kii maanyataon aur flamenco vatavaran parr nirbhar karate hain, lekin shayed hii kabhi saboot parr. jaba humm nishchit roop seey jaanate hain kii inn dhunon mein seey kissy mein bhee una gayakon kii mahatvapurna bhoomika thee, tou yeh sunishchit naheen kiya jaa sakata kii unhone ise "banaaya" thaa. shayed unhone ise lokpriya banaa diyaa, yaa ise vikasit kiya.
alkala seey solares.
halanki paaramparik shailiyon mein sabse halia, kuchh alkala shailiyaan sabse vyaapak roop seey gaaee jaati hain. iss kshetra key sabse prasiddh gaayak, jinake liye kaee shailiyon kaa shreya diyaa gayaa haye, joaquin ell day laa paula (1875-1933) hain. unaki chaar-pankti shally, joe cumm rajistaron mein gaaee jaati haye aur bahut sanyamit hoti haye, kaa upayog aksar anya uchch-swar vaale logon key liye ack parichayaatmak chhand key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
triyana seey solares.
triyana seville mein ack chauthai haye. unaki badee sankhya mein shailiyon aur vividhataon key kaaran unhein vargeekrit karna bahut mushkil haye. kissy vishesh gaayak key liye adhikansh shreya bhee sandigdh hain.
jerez seey solares.
inhen jyaadaatar anya sthaaniya shailiyon seey bhinn maanaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, frizones (shayed 1846 mein paida hue) mein mool gunavatta haye.
lebriza seey solares.
sabse prasiddh gaayak juniki hain, jinake baare mein bahut cumm vishvasaniya jaankaari haye.
utrera seey soleres.
utrera kii sabhi shailiyon kaa shreya laa sarneta (1837-1910) koo diyaa jaataa haye, joe jerez mein paida hui ack gayika thee, joe yuva honey parr utrera mein rahane gaee thee.
srot.
alvaarez cabellero, engelah "ell cante flamenco", alianza sampadakiya, madrid, 1998
blaas vega, jose aur reos ruiz, manuelh "dictionario enclopedico illustrado dell flamenco", cinterco, 1988
alvarez cabellero, engelah "laa dyscographia ideal dell flamenco", planetta, barcelona 1995
martin saalaazaar, georgeh "loss cantes flamencos", deputacion praantiya dee grenada

