sthaayitva

sthaayitva ack bhautik utpaad kii karyatmak rahane kii kshamata haye, binaa atyadhik rakharkhaav yaa marammat kii aavashyakta key, jaba usake design jivankal mein samanya sanchaalan kii chunautiyon kaa saamana karna padata haye. upayog mein sthaayitva key kaee upaay hain, jinamen jeevan key varsh, upayog key ghante aur parichaalan chakron kii sankhya shamil hain. arthshastra mein, lambe samay taka upayog karane yogya jeevan vaali vastuon koo tikaau vastu kahaa jaataa haye.
utpaad key sthaayitva key liye aavashyaktaaen.
utpaad kii sthaayitva achchi marammat aur rakharkhaav key sanyojan mein punaryojita seey nirdhaarit hoti haye. pratyek tikaau utpaad takniki, takniki aur design vikas key anukool honey mein saksham honah chaahiye. isake saath hii upbhoktaon kii or seey kissy utpaad key "bahut navintam" sanskaran koo chhodane kii ichcha honey chaahiye.
united kingdam mein, 1994 mein aapoorti kii gaee vastuon key liye gunavatta manakon seey sambandhit maal kii bikri adhiniyam 1979 key sanshodhan taka upbhoktaon dwara maang kii jaa sakane vaali vastuon kii gunavatta seey sambandhit ack visheshta key roop mein sthaayitva spasht roop seey sthaapit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
utpaad kaa jeevan kaal aur tikaau khapat.
gharelu vastuon kaa jivankal tikaau khapat mein ack mahatvapurna kaarak haye. utpaad kaa lamba jivankal paryaavaran-dakshata aur paryaptata mein yogdan curr sakata haye, iss prakaar khapat key sthaayi star kii or badhane key liye khapat koo dheema curr sakata haye. cooper (2005) ney satat utpaadan aur khapat key liye utpaad jivankal kii mahatvapurna bhoomika koo pradarshit karane key liye ack model kaa prastaav rakhaa.
sthaayitva key prakaar.
sthaayitva mein design kiye gaye utpaadon key kaee vishisht bhautik guna shamil hoe sakate hain, jinamen shamil hainh

