
ahmed niyaazi bey

ahmed niyaazi bey (1873-1913) (; "resen seey ahmat niyaazi bey") ack ottoman krantikari they, joe 19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein resen (abb resen, uttari macedonia) kshetra key bey they. ack jaatiya albanian, niyaazi 1908 kii yuva turkey kranti key nayakon mein seey ack they aur 1909 key prati-vidroh koo dabaane key liye donon ghatnaaon mein pramukh bhoomikaaen nibhaate they. niyaazi koo raaj key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, joe ack francisi shally kii sampatti haye jise unhone resne mein banaaya thaa.
jeevan.
praarambhik varsh aur shiksha.
ahmed niyaazi bey kaa janm 1873 mein resne seey ack tosk albanian jamindar parivaar mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa abdullah aaga they. niyaazi kii shiksha ottoman sivil service akadami mein hui thee, aur baad mein monastir (aadhunik bitola) mein sainya uchch vidyalaya mein. kaee varshon baad, unhone kahaa kii unhone isake kuchh prashikshakon dwara padhaae jaane kii ichcha seey mathh vidyalaya mein sthanantaran kiya, jinhone "manavata, petria, pragati aur samaaj key liye pyaar kii vakaalat kii."apane sansmaranon mein, niyaazi yaad karenge kii 1880 key dashak mein ack chhaatr key roop mein unhone deshbhakti kii ottoman aur francisi kahaaniyan sunee theen, aur unase dridhata seey prabhaavit they. unhone inn kahaaniyon aur unhein bataane vaale shikshakon koo, unamen desh key prati nishtha aur prem key vichaaron koo vikasit karane kaa shreya diyaa. vaha vishesh roop seey ottoman lekhak naamik kemal seey prabhaavit they; niyaazi key anusaar, jaba way vaishvik muddon parr charcha karate they tou aksar kemal kaa ullekh kiya jaataa thaa.
monastir mein apani maadhyamik shiksha poori karane key baad, niyaazi ney 1894 aur 1897 key beach ottoman yuddh akadami mein adhyayan kiya. kaee anya chhatron kii tarah joe antatah senaa mein adhikaari rank rakhane key liye aage badhe, unhone german senaa seey prashikshan praapt kiya, aur germany key liye sammaan kii degree vikasit kii. istambul mein adhyayan karate samay, unhein phir seey kemal key lekhan kaa pataa chalaa, iss tathya key bavjood kii unhein pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki unhone sultan abdul hameed dwiteeya key adhinayakvad parr sawal uthaaya thaa. abdul hameed ney sansad bhang curr dee thee aur akele shasson kiya thaa. niyaazi key anusaar, kemal key karyon ney unhein prerit kiya; "ack maadak deshbhakti ney merey dill, merey nirdosh dill koo, kraantiyon key liye taiyar kiya...", unhone baad mein likhaa. kemal key kaam koo padhane key baad, unhone apane doston seey kahaa kii unaki shiksha mein deshbhakti kii kamee haye. 1896 mein, niyaazi ney 1612 mein nirmit resne kii haaji muraat masjid kaa bhee navinikaran aur unnayan kiya, jisamen bhootal key kamare schooly shiksha key liye aarakshit they aur shesh sthaan prarthana key liye thaa.
yuva turkey sadasyata aur praarambhik sainya carrier.
istambul yuddh akadami mein apane samay key prashikshan key dauran, ack saathi ottoman adhikaari ismel enver bey ney sangh aur pragati (cup) andolan kii samiti mein niyaazi kii shuruat kii. vaha ack leftinent (mulaazim) bunn gayaa aur 1896 mein ack chhoti umr mein ottoman senaa mein shamil hoe gayaa. niyaazi ney greco-turkey yuddh (1897) key dauran vishishtata key saath ladaai ladee, vishesh roop seey epirus mein bepnar kii ladaai mein, aur yuddh key kaidiyon key saath istanbul laut aaya. sultan abdul hameed dwiteeya ney prastaav rakhaa kii niyaazi mahal mein unakaa sahayak-dha-camp bunn jaae. niyaazi ney cup koo dabaane key khilaf shuru kiye gaye sarkari abhiyaan key kaaran prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa aur ghar lautane kaa faisala kiya. apane samay key cup key beach, niyaazi ney sultan key saath sulah karane key baad nirvaasit vipakshi vyakti murad bey seey mohbhang curr diyaa aur yuva turk sadasyon key liye maafi key baad ack sarkari sthiti leey lii. niyaazi ney shaahi darbar mein sultan key tanashahi aur bhaai-bhatijawad koo tuchchh maanaa, jahan kaee baar karibi samajik sambandhon vaale logon koo pada aur anya pada diye jaate they.
1899 aur 1903 key beach niyaazi ohri mein golaa-barud dipo key prabhaari adhikaari key roop mein aarakshit logon kii ack company mein tainaat they. vahaan apane samay key dauran unhone ack vidroh key liye massedo-bulgarian logon kii taiyari kii nigrani kii aur dekhaa kii kaise vibhinn russie aur bulgarian missionaryon, shikshakon, adhikaariyon aur salaahkaaron ney iss vidroh key sangathan mein yogdan diyaa. press key madhyam seey aur izmir mein sthit ack kaptan mekuddin affendy key saath unake patrachar key madhyam seey, niyaazi ney europe key bheetar yuva turkon kii gatividhiyon kaa paalan kiya, vishesh roop seey peris mein cup first congress (1902) key nirnayon aur vibhajan kaa. agast 1903 mein, aantarik macedonian krantikari sangathan (imro) ney macedonia mein ottomans key khilaf ack vidroh kiya aur niyaazi koo ottoman teesari senaa kii teesari resiment koo saunpa gayaa. inn ghatnaaon key dauran unaki cup kii mathh shakha mein sakriya bhoomika thee aur unaki sthiti yuddh naayak key roop mein badhee thee aur unhone macedonia kii muslim albanian aabaadi key beach bahut badnami hassil kii thee. 1904 seey shuru hocker aur kranti seey pahale paanch saal taka unhone ack ottoman chassur batalian mein seva kii joe pahaadi ilaakon mein dakaiton kii prabhaavi khoj key liye prasiddh hoe gayaa. niyaazi ahmed rija key vichaaron key liye pratibaddh hoe gaye, ack cup sadasya jinhone kranti key madhyam seey samvaidhaanik bahaali kii vakaalat kii aur samrajya mein videshi hastakshep yaa tarjihi upchaar key aadhar parr ack vishisht samudaay key liye sudhaaron key khilaf they.
sainya seva aur macedonia mein bigadati suraksha sthiti ney niyaazi jaise vyaktiyon koo prabhaavit kiya, jinhone mahsoos kiya kii sthaaniya musalmaanon kii durdasha bahut cumm gyaat thee aur kshetra key anya logon kii tarah gurilla gatividhi key kaaran hamalon kaa anubhav kiya thaa. way 1903 key elindon vidroh key baad mahaan shaktiyon key dabaav mein samrajya dwara iss kshetra mein lagu kiye gaye sudhaaron seey prabhaavit they. niyaazi ney socha kii europeeya shaktiyan samrajya koo haraane key liye ottoman isaaiyon koo raajya key khilaf vidroh mein dhakel rahee theen aur way rusiyon aur austriyai logon dwara prachaar key vikas koo rokna chaahte they. unhone mahsoos kiya kii paschim mein ottomans koo nakaratmak roop seey dekhaa jaataa thaa aur mahaan shaktiyon koo macedonia kii bahusankhyak muslim aabaadi kii parwah naheen thee, kyonki way samrajya kaa vibhajan karna chaahte they. niyaazi aur unake sahyogiyon ney samrajya koo apani sabhi bahujaatiya aur bahudharmiya aabaadi key saath sanrakshit karna pasand kiya aur isaaiyon key khilaf pratikriyaavaadi musalmaanon dwara kiye gaye hamalon kii ninda kii, phir bhee unhein ottoman rajneeti kaa seemit gyaan thaa.
ack aise kshetra seey aatey hue jahan balcon mein albanian logon key beach yuva turkon key sabse majboot samarthak madhya aur dakshini macedonia seey utpann hue they, una ghatnaaon ney niyaazi koo (cup) kaa hissa banane key liye prerit kiya. vaha ack senaa kaptan (kolasi) bunn gayaa. sarkaar mein apane shaktishali bhoomigat prabhaav key madhyam seey cup dwara unake liye pada praapt kiya gayaa thaa aur niyaazi koo resne mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa jahan samiti ney socha thaa kii vaha iss uddeshya key liye sabse adhik upayogi hoe sakata haye. resne mein unhone cup mein logon kii bharti mein prabhaavshaali bhoomika nibhai. baind key khilaf sainya abhiyaanon mein, niyaazi key kaary ottoman sarkaar key bajaay cup kii or seey kiye gaye they. niyaazi koo ack albanian honey kii pratishtha thee, jiska macedonia mein rahane vaale anya albanian logon key saath ghanishth sambandh thaa, usa kshetra mein saathi musalmaanon key beach majboot adhikaar thaa jahan vaha rahata thaa aur unake saath samvaad curr sakata thaa kyonki vaha albanian (apani matribhasha) aur turkey donon bolate they.
yuva turk kranti (1908).
kranti key liye yojana banaana.
niyaazi yuva turkon dwara aayojit parishadon kaa ack mahatvapurna sadasya thaa. march 1908 seey shuru hocker kuchh sainikon ney cup aayojit baithakon key baad vidroh shuru kiya aur unhein behtar kaam kii sthitiyon kii maang karane key liye protsaahit kiya. niyaazi ney kahaa kii nivaaran hassil karane vaale sainikon ney apani safalata kaa shreya samiti koo diyaa. sultan key khilaf kaarravaai aur videshi kabje kii roktham key liye ahwan karane vaale cup prakaashan jaise "суra-yı ümmet", "mecheveret poorak francas" aur senaa parr ahmed rizaa key parche ney niyaazi jaise junier adhikaariyon koo prabhaavit kiya jinhone apane "dimag koo rotion karane mein asadharan prabhaav" kaa varnan kiya. zaar nicolaus dwiteeya aur edward VII (9-12 juuna 1908) key beach ack baithak key baad aasann russo-british hastakshep key madhyam seey macedonia key vibhajan kii afavaahen fail gaeen aur cup dwara tej curr dee gaeen, jabaki niyaazi ney ise turant kaary karane key liye ack sanket key roop mein liya. usa samay niyaazi ney punrutthan kii baithak key baare mein afavaahen suneen aur teen neendaheen raaton kaa anubhav kiya jisane unhein "chinta aur utsaah seey bhar diyaa" jisane unake vishvaas koo aakar diyaa kii unhein "balidan aur mrityu mein moksh milaa". unhone sthaaniya cup sadasyata aur cup monastir shakha key saath mamalon parr charcha kii, jisake baad niyaazi ney ack baind banaane aur pahaadon mein jaane kaa nirnay liya.
28 juuna 1908 koo niyaazi ney apane ghar parr resne key mahapour aur pulis aayukt tahir affendy koo ack baind banaane kii salah dee aur 29 juuna koo musalmaanon key ack badey samooh koo una coll koo dohraya jahaan unhone apani topi parr "hurriyat yaa daa olam" (swatantrata yaa mrityu) shabd ankit kiye. samooh koo cup kii disha mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. niyaazi ney apane gurilla baind koo bulgarian, serb aur greek baind parr model kiya joe macedonia mein kaam curr rahey they joe iss kshetra mein pichhale dashak mein baney they. niyaazi ney apane sansmaranon mein likhaa haye kii unhone 28 juuna 1908 koo apana cup baind banaaya, phir bhee kuchh samay key liye vaha massedo-bulgarian gaanvon seey saathi sadasyon koo jabt kiye gaye hathiyar dey rahey they kyonki cup mukhyalaya ney juuna key madhya seey baind koo jutaane kii yojana banaai thee. kemal affendy, resen key mahapour key roop mein, ack aadhyatmik netaa (soofi maulavi) aur yuva turkon key ack sadasya ney kaarravaai key vivaran key baare mein apani cup shakha key saath baatchit karane key liye monastir kii yatra kii thee aur manjuri praapt curr lii thee.
kranti kii shuruat.
julaai mein niyaazi seey judey cup shadyantra kaa khulasa monastir mein tainaat ottoman teesari senaa key sainya mufti ney kiya thaa. mufti, ack mahal jasus aur pulis agent koo istambul koo vaapas report karane seey rokane key liye goli maar dee gaee aur ghayal curr diyaa gayaa. kshetra mein senaa key bheetar vidroh kii jaanch key liye istambul seey ack sainya aayog bheja gayaa thaa. 3 julaai 1908 koo khoj key darr seey niyaazi ney ack bulgarian baind key aaney kii afavaahen failai aur shahar seey rayson garrison aur usake commanding adhikaariyon koo baahar curr diyaa. resne mein, jaba kuchh anya adhikaari shukravaar kii prarthana mein bhaag leey rahey they, tou niyaazi ney mahapour seemal affendy, pulis aayukt tahir affendy, curr aayukt tahin affendy aur dou sou logon key saath sainya dipo parr chhaapa maaraa. rayson dipo seey unhone golaa-barud key pandrah dibbe, sattar raifalen joe swayamsevakon koo dee gaeen aur 600 ottoman leira garrison seey jabt kiye joe baind key bheetar logon key beach vibhajit they. sabhi resne seey paas key pahaadon mein bhaag gaye jahan seey niyaazi ney yuva turk kranti kii shuruat kii aur ack ghoshana jaari kii jisamen cup kaa vishesh roop seey ullekh kiye binaa 1876 key samvidhaan kii bahaali kaa ahwan kiya gayaa. apane prasthaan seey ack raat pahale niyaazi ney apane parivaar kii dekhbhal apane behnoi ismel hakki bey koo saunpi, joe ack albanian rashtriya jaagriti vyakti they.
shuru mein 160-240 swayamsevakon (jyaadaatar albanian mool key) seey baney, niyaazi key baind koo cup resne rashtriya batalian naam diyaa gayaa thaa. samooh mein nagrik samarthak shamil they joe iss vishvaas mein they kii way 28 juuna seey kranti kii sajish rachane mein shamil ack bulgarian baind aur cup sadasyon kii khoj mein they. niyaazi kii batalian key nau sainikon ney bhaag liya aur ack baar pahaadon mein prespa kshetra key tees aur swayamsevak shamil hue. baad mein, ack massedo-bulgarian baind kaa peechha karane kaa praarambhik kaaran tyag diyaa gayaa aur niyaazi ney apane sainikon aur swayamsevakon koo soochit kiya kii aisaa koee baind naheen thaa aur unake chaar sanic chaley gaye aur resne bairak mein laut aae. niyaazi kaa baind pahale saptah key anta mein 500 sainikon taka badh gayaa aur pahaadon mein 800 sashastr nagrik shamil hoe gaye. cumm samay mein dou aur adhikaari, anya adhikaari aur prespa kshetra key loga baind mein shamil hoe gaye.
niyaazi ney sthaaniya musalmaanon key beach apana samarthan aadhar banaane kii maang kii kyonki vidroh mukhya roop seey ack muslim andolan thaa. musalman graminon kaa samarthan praapt karane key liye, adhikaariyon ney sarkaar key saath asantosh, schools aur sadakon jaisi sevaaon kii kamee, bhaari karadhan aur samvidhaan kaa ahwan karane key vipareet sashastr baindon seey suraksha jaise sthaaniya muddon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. niyaazi ney anya upaay bhee kiye jaise kii sthaaniya kulon koo majboor karna, uttari geg aur kuchh dakshini tosk albanian logon key beach rakt jhagada sakriya thaa. albanian gaanvon mein adhikaariyon ney sthaaniya logon koo samarthan kii "besa" (shapath) lene key liye prerit kiya. baind kaa vikas huaa kyonki way aspas key albanian muslim gaanvon kaa daura karate they aur sthaaniya albanian prasiddh logon, muslim baindon, senaa key palayan karane vaalon aur anya swayamsevakon koo apane rankon mein jodate they. 
niyaazi ney apani 'rashtriya batalian' koo ack deshbhakt ottoman baind key roop mein prastut kiya aur isane ise anya samaan baindon, albanian tosk rashtravadiyon, palayan karane vaalon aur apraadhiyon key liye samooh mein shamil honey key liye pehchaan yogya banaa diyaa. niyaazi dwara apane "pichhale apraadhon" key kaaran "neech kaalaa rakshak" key roop mein sandarbhit palayan karane vaalon aur apraadhiyon ney shapath lii aur unake dwara unhein kshama dene key baad unake dall mein shamil hoe gaye.
achchi tarah seey vikasit shaahi telegraph network kaa upayog niyaazi dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur apane baind kii or seey unhone mahal key saath praantiya aur sthaaniya adhikaariyon koo ghoshanaaen bhejin, jisamen anyaay aur asamaanta kaa mukabala karane aur samvidhaan koo bahaal karane kii maang kii gaee thee. ottoman adhikaari jinhen niyaazi ney apeelon aur ultimatum key madhyam seey sambodhit kiya, way monastir mein governor general, rumelia key mahaanireekshak aur mahal sachivalaya key liye ack ghoshana thee, saath hii monastir mein resne key gendermary adhikaari aur gendermary key commandant koo aarop patra they. unhone samrajya key vibhinn samajik aur jaatiya samoohon koo sambodhit karane key liye bhee appeal kii. yeh spasht naheen haye kii kyaa cup mein kranti key liye ack nishchit tithi thee aur ghatana key baad ack patrakaar koo dee gaee tippaniyon mein niyaazi ney kahaa kii unhone yojana seey pahale kaam kiya, lekin poorv nirdhaarit dinn key liye ack tarikh naheen dee. niyaazi ney yeh bhee kahaa kii kuchh yojanaon key baare mein nishpaadakon koo jaankaari dene vaale vivaran vaale dastavej shakha karyakari samitiyon dwara jalaaye gaye sakht aadeshon key anusaar they.
kranti kaa prasaar.
usee samay aur niyaazi key udaaharan key baad, tikwe mein enver bey, ohri mein ipe sabri aur greben mein bekir fikri kaee adhikaariyon mein seey teen they joe pahaadon mein gaye aur gurilla baind (Çetes) banaae. julaai mein shuruat seey sabri ney niyaazi key saath milkar kaam kiya. selonica mein yuva turk (cup) samiti seey koee adesh naheen aaya thaa aur isake bajaay vidroh anayas vikasit hoe gayaa kyonki khabar ack ottoman senaa ikai seey doosari mein aur vibhinn sthaaniya cup samitiyon key beach fail gaee. sthaaniya samarthan praapt karane key liye vidroh key liye niyaazi aur dushman sambhaavit videshi hastakshep key darr seey khele. resne key prasiddh logon ney niyaazi key baind kaa samarthan kiya kyonki shahar aur aspas key gaanvon mein musalman cup key sadasya they. sultan key khilaf jaane key liye niyaazi key kaaran swatantrata kii raksha karna, musalmaanon aur isaaiyon donon key liye sudhaar shuru karna thaa aur yeh vichaar thaa kii "main cumm jeevan jeene key bajaay marna pasand kartaa huun... yaa tou mrityu yaa pitribhoomi kaa moksh.
niyaazi aur anya gurilla baindon seey nipatane key liye ottoman sainikon koo chhodane key liye, abdul hameed dwiteeya ney dou bataliyanon key saath general shamesy paasha koo resne key liye bheja aur monastir mein rahate hue 7 julaai koo ack ottoman adhikaari aur cup krantikari atuff kamil dwara unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee. kranti key liye hatyaa ack mahatvapurna modd thaa jisane mahal kaa manobal giraaya aur cup key liye ack khatarnak pratidvandi koo hataa diyaa joe albanian logon koo unaki senaa key khilaf sangathit curr sakata thaa. ottoman videsh mantri ney ottoman rajdooton koo patra bheje. unhone ghatnaaon parr mahal kii sthiti kaa varnan kiya aur niyaazi parr aise vyaktiyon seey prabhaavit palayan karane vaalon, vidhvansakon aur anya logon seey baney baindon koo sangathit karane kaa aarop lagaaya aur unhein videshi sarkaaron aur press koo soochit karane kaa nirdesh diyaa.
massedo-bulgarian aabaadi key liye aage badhana.
niyaazi ney resne kshetra kii sthaaniya massedo-bulgarian aabaadi koo kranti mein shamil honey key liye kaee prastaav diye. kranti key dauran, ack imro voyoda (sardar) kii ack bahan, jisake baind niyaazi ney kaee saal pahale usey ack serbian baind seey apane apahrit bete koo bachaane key liye kahaa thaa. appeal koo "bhagwan key aashirvaad" key roop mein dekhate hue, niyaazi ney ack serb shikshak koo resne seey bandhak banaa liya taaki serbian baind koo bachche koo riha karane key liye majboor kiya jaa sakey. serb shikshak antatah niyaazi kii apeelon koo bulgarian aur serbian mein anuvaadit karane vaalaa ack cup sadasya bunn gayaa, jabaki serb graminon key saath sampark sthaapit karane mein bhee usaki sahaayata kii aur serb baind koo ladke koo riha karane key liye majboor kiya.
sthaaniya messo-bulgarian logon mein bachche kii rihaai key saath niyaazi kii chhavi koo badhaava diyaa gayaa. ack sthaaniya baind netaa joe 1906 mein niyaazi dwara buri tarah seey peeta gayaa thaa, cup baind mein shamil hoe gayaa aur usase kahaa kii "abb main tumhare liye marr jaaoonga. inn ghatnaaon key beach niyaazi dwara sthaaniya bulgarian logon seey ack appeal jaari kii gaee thee kii baahari logon koo iss kshetra parr shasson karane kii anumati naheen dee jaayegi aur "buri cheejen honey key liye" sarkaar aur usake "bhrasht adhikaariyon" parr dosh lagaaya jaayega. unhone bulgarian logon key liye nyaay aur samaantaa kaa vaadaa kiya aur chetavani dee kii una "aadeshon" kii avagya karane vaale logon koo latka diyaa jaayega, ack samjhaute key namchin logon koo sajaa dee jaayegi yadi ack baind ack shahar yaa gaanv mein pravesh kartaa haye aur cup adhikaariyon koo soochit naheen kiya jaataa haye. niyaazi key karyon koo manjuri dete hue cup monastir shakha ney apane baind mein "bulgarian yaa anya isai" logon kii bharti key khilaf agah kiya.
albanian logon kii bharti.
pahale albanian bharti senaa seey utpann cup mein aur anya coraligionists key beach joe ohri, resne aur monastir seey aae they, unhein sweekaar curr liya gayaa aur albanian samiti seey unhein khariz curr diyaa gayaa. niyaazi ney senaa mein apane sathiyon jaise uddeshya key liye albanian logon key saath jutaane aur kaam karane key apane prayaas kiye aur kranti key dauran paristhitiyaan badalane key saath unhone cersiz topuli jaise pramukh vyaktiyon kii bhee bharti kii, jinhen vaha "albanian logon kii tosk samiti key pramukh" key roop mein maanate they. albanian samarthan praapt karane key una prayason key dauran, niyaazi ney tippani kii kii albanian logon ney turkon key apane rashtravadi hiton parr dhyaan kendrit karane kii shikayat kii. albanian basey hue kshetron mein, niyaazi ney albason, korse, debre aur ohri kaa daura kiya, jabaki unake krantikari tarikon mein ottoman adhikaariyon, curr sangrahakartaon koo nishkaasit karna aur vyavastha banaae rakhane key liye albanian milicia kaa nirmaan karna shamil thaa. niyaazi ney topuli koo ack patra bheja jisamen unhein ack sangh kii sharton key baare mein baat karane key liye ack baithak key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa.
topuli key pratinidhiyon ney korse mein niyaazi seey mulakat kii. albanian pratinidhiyon ney turkon parr ottomanwad key prati pratibaddhata kii kamee kaa aarop lagaaya, jisake parinamswarup videshiyon aur ottomans seey khud koo bachaane key liye unakaa sangharsh huaa, jabaki niyaazi ney jawab diyaa kii turkon ney ottomanwad koo badhaava dene key liye bahut prayaas kiya, cup key nirmaan key saath usa prayaas kaa pramaan thaa. korse seey krantikari samarthan albanian swaayatta kii sthaapana kii shart parr nirbhar thaa aur albanian samiti key sadasyon key saath baatchit key dauran niyaazi ney sultan dwara chune gaye governor key tahat prashaasit honey key liye ack swaayatt albania key liye unake prastaav koo sweekaar curr liya. charcha key baad albanian pratinidhiyon ney cup key nimantran koo sweekaar curr liya. sabhi ack shapath grahan samaroh key madhyam seey shamil hue aur samjhaute key vivaran key baare mein baat karane key liye ack antim baithak key liye topuli aur anya pramukh albanian samiti key sadasyon koo laane key vaade key saath namankit kiye gaye.
ack sthaaniya albanian ullekhaniya aur niyaazi key pitaa key dost, haisev starova bey koo pogradec mein honey vaali baithak kii vyavastha karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. haisev ney melan tekke key ack albanian bektashi sheikh haisen baaba seey bhee sampark kiya, jinhone niyaazi aur topuli key beach madhyasth key roop mein kaam kiya, jisane baad vaale koo cup key kaaran kaa samarthan karane key liye anya brigand netaaon key saath prabhaavit kiya. niyaazi ney baithak koo mukhya roop seey mahatvaheen maanaa kyonki sthaaniya albanian pahale seey hii cup key prati nishtha kaa sankalp leey rahey they. albanian samiti key sadasyon key saath baatchit key dauran albanian bhagidari key mahatva ney niyaazi tippani kii kii "[andolan key] samvaidhaanik prashaasan key adhikansh netaa aur pakshakaar turkey naheen they. korsi albanian samiti ney niyaazi koo samarthan diyaa aur cup key anurodh parr korsi key aspas key pahaadon mein sthit gurillaon koo nirdesh parr dhyaan dene key saath ottoman vidrohi baind mein shamil honey key liye kahaa. topuli koo saathi albanian logon dwara sanyukt kaarravaai key baare mein baat karane key liye niyaazi seey milane key liye kadee mehnat kii gaee thee aur vaha 21 julaai 1908 koo apane baind key saath pogradec mein pahunche.
niyaazi ney krantikari uddeshya key liye anya muslim gurilla baindon kii bharti key liye bhee kaam kiya. kranti key dauran, niyaazi aur enver donon key gurilla baind muslim (jyaadaatar albanian) ardhsainik bull they. niyaazi ney bataaya kii albanian tosk baind aur bulgarian baind ohri mein topuli key tahat ekjut hue they. topuli key gurilla baind ney resne garrison parr kabja karane key dauran niyaazi aur usaki senaaon koo mahatvapurna samarthan diyaa aur yeh ghatana hamidian shasson koo hataane key abhiyaan mein ack chhoti see sainya jeet thee. niyaazi key baind ney kranti key teesare saptah mein 2000 purushon kii sankhya kii aur vaha irshyalu adhikaariyon aur nagrik ullekhaniya logon key saath ottoman sthaan parr kaee yaachikaaen bhejane key liye samaan munn key adhikaari bunn gaye. kosovo mein kaaryakartaon ney niyaazi aur vyaapak virodhi hamidian vipaksh key samarthan mein ack badey pradarshan kaa ayojan kiya. niyaazi jaise kranti mein shamil kaee muslim albanian pahale khud koo cup key sadasyon key roop mein dekhate they naa kii albanian kaaryakartaon key roop mein. bahadurdin shakir aur taalaat paasha jaise ayojakon key vipareet, niyaazi aur krantikari karyon mein shamil anya albanian logon key paas cup key bheetar nirnay lene kii sthiti naheen thee, phir bhee unhone mahsoos kiya kii kranti ack albanian upakram thaa aur badale mein vishesh upchaar kii ummeed thee.
samvaidhaanik sarkaar kii ghoshana aur kranti kaa anta.
niyaazi key baind ney ack hiran koo god liya joe unhein dikhaai diyaa jaba way mathh key paas ack gaanv mein they, kyonki janwar kii vyakhya samooh dwara bhagwan dwara bheje gaye ack aadhyatmik maargdarshak key roop mein kii gaee thee joe unhein unake uddeshya kii or nirdeshit kartaa thaa. niyaazi key resne baind, sabri key ohri baind aur dou albanian baindon ney monastir parr hamla karane key baad shamesy key pratisthaapan koo apaharan curr liya gayaa thaa. 22 julaai koo niyaazi key karyon key 23 julaai kii subah jaldi selonica taka pahunchane kii khabar key saath cup key adesh parr monastir koo pakad liya gayaa aur cup niyantrit telegraph seva dwara poore macedonia mein fail gayaa. niyaazi ney 23 julaai koo musalmaanon aur isaaiyon, ottoman adhikaariyon, shahar key sainya-dall aur anya kshetron seey bataliyanon kii badee bheed key saamane samvidhaan kii ghoshana kii, joe kaarravaai ack saath macedonia key kaee shaharon mein kii gaee thee.
23 julaai koo niyaazi resne laut aae aur gurilla netaaon topuli aur mihal grameno seey mulakat kii, jahan unhone apana aabhar vyakt kiya aur cup samvidhaan kii ghoshana koo albanian rashtra key liye fayademand maanaa. ottoman balcon praanton mein bigadati sthiti aur senaa key registanon key saath sarkari niyantran kii kamee ney sultan koo 24 julaai 1908 koo 1876 key samvidhaan koo bahaal karane key liye ack shaahi farman jaari karane key liye prerit kiya.
kranti key baad.
kranti key baad niyaazi aur enver apane yuvaaon aur junier sainya rankon key kaaran raajneetik prishthabhoomi mein baney rahey aur donon iss baat parr sahmat they kii unaki tasveeren aam janata key liye pareshan naheen hongi, phir bhee yeh nirnay shayed hii kabhi dekhaa gayaa thaa. isake bajaay kranti key netaaon key roop mein niyaazi aur enver ney postcard parr apani chhaviyon key saath apane padon koo lagbhag pauranik sthiti mein badhaa diyaa aur poore ottoman raajya mein vitarit kiya. kranti key dauran manki bhaaiyon ney niyaazi kii tasveeren kheenchi theen aur unaki tasveeron ney unhein logon key ack sadharan aadami key roop mein phir seey banaaya thaa, jisamen unaki pramukh dhool bharee moonchhen pahaadi key netritva karane vaale vidrohiyon seey haal hii mein aae hue logon kii jhalak detee theen. ack pratishthit tasveer mein niyaazi aur usake prasiddh hiran koo unake saath swatantrata key bhautikakaran key roop mein chitrit kiya gayaa haye aur usaki rifle mein usake aspas key sainikon aur dakuon dwara pratinidhitva kii gaee shakti kii ack sainya aakriti koo darshaaya gayaa haye. kranti key manki bhaaiyon dwara lii gaee anya tasveeron mein, niyaazi krantikariyon topuli aur grameno key saath maujood hain. niyaazi ack pramukh poster parr ack badee moonchh key saath ack vyakti key roop mein dikhaai dee, jisane ack mahila dwara apani janjeeron seey mukt swatantrata praapt kii aur kranti key anya vyaktiyon seey ghiri hui thee.
1908 key uttaraardh mein, niyaazi aur irshya kii tasveeren istambul taka pahunch gaee theen aur shahar key schooly bachchon key beach dhumdham seey doobe hue, way aise mask key saath khelate they joe krantikariyon koo chitrit karate they. usa samay kii anya chhaviyon mein nae sultan mahmoud vee koo kendra mein niyaazi aur donon taraf key shatru dwara prastut kiya gayaa haye. donon purushon key karyon ney kranti kii shuruat kii, niyaazi, ack albanian aur vidrohi, ack turk (apani maan key paksh mein albanian viraasat key saath) koo baad mein "swatantrata key nayakon" ("hurriyat kaharamanlari") key roop mein lokpriya prashansa millie aur albanian-turkey sahyog kaa prateek banaa. niyaazi koo sobricate "kranti key naayak" aur "turkey garibaldi" dwara bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa.
kranti kii safalata key turant baad, niyaazi ney nae adesh key liye aashaa badhaane kaa prayaas karate hue resne mein diye gaye ack bhaashan mein poorv hamidian shasson kii ninda kii aur ise 1908 key dauran ack parche mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. niyaazi ney apane darshakon koo anya poorv ottoman kshetron kii tarah anya deshon key upanivesh banane key jokhimon key baare mein chetavani dee. 1908 mein cup samiti ney kranti key samaapan parr apani congress aayojit kii aur niyaazi key sansmaranon koo ack pustak key roop mein prakaashit karane parr sahamati vyakt kii joe varsh key anta mein dikhaai dee. samiti chaahati thee kii niyaazi kranti mein cup kii bhoomika koo badhaa-chadhaakar bataae aur yeh bataae kii unhone una ghatnaaon key dauran sabhi karyon koo nirdeshit kiya.
baad mein 1910 mein istambul mein cup monastir kendriya samiti dwara unhein prakaashit kiya gayaa aur sansmaranon mein 1887 seey 1908 taka niyaazi key baare mein vistrit jeevani sambandhi jaankaari shamil haye joe macedonia mein unaki sainya kaarravaai aur rajneeti seey sambandhit haye. niyaazi ney mahsoos kiya kii sainya aur raajneetik padanukram ney kranti seey utpann unaki vyaktigat prasiddhi key liye unhein doshi thaharaaya aur vaha apane sansmaranon mein ise sahee thaharaane key liye majboor they. unaki ghatnaaon kii yaadon mein virodhabhas bhee hain aur unake parichay mein niyaazi paathak koo chetavani dete hain kii sansmaran kranti kaa puuraa vivaran naheen hain aur unhein itihas yaa cup kii sthaapana key tareeke key baare mein khulaase karane parr bharosa naheen karna chaahiye. niyaazi key sansmaran jheel prespa kshetra, resne aur ohri key shaharon key baare mein jaankaari seey bharey hue hain aur unhone kranti kii safalata aur unakaa samarthan praapt karane key unake prayason key liye albanian logon key yogdan parr prakaash daala. jaisa kii unhone patron aur taaron koo prakaashit kiye they, joe bheje gaye yaa praapt kiye gaye they, niyaazi apane sansmaranon mein apane samooh key saath vyaktigat roop seey kii gaee kaarravaai parr jore dete rahey, jabaki irshya key prati bahut cumm dhyaan diyaa gayaa thaa. niyaazi ney apane sansmaranon mein unhein manaki bhaaiyon dwara lii gaee unaki aur unake krantikariyon kii tasveeron seey samriddh kiya. ack seemit avadhi key liye niyaazi key aatm-mahimamandan sansmaran krantikariyon key liye ack pramukh paath they.
kranti key baad, cup ekataa ney vyaktigat pratidvandvita koo raasta diyaa, joe march 1909 taka, yeh afwah thee kii niyaazi yuva turkon key mukhya vichaaron seey baahar hoe gaye they aur macedonia kii sthiti key baare mein ack udaar drishtikon rakhane lagey they. niyaazi albanian jaatiya-bhashai adhikaaron key sambandh mein cup dwara aayojit dibra (julaai 1909) kii congress mein resne kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale ack pratinidhi they. unhone anya pratinidhiyon key saath isaki vishay vastu parr asahamati key kaaran kissy bhee prastaav parr hastakshar karane seey incar curr diyaa. niyaazi apani mrityu taka cup key sadasya they aur kranti key dauran apani bhagidari key alawa pramukh aur anya rank cup sadasyon key beach kaafee anusaran utpann karane mein kabhi kamyab naheen hue. samvidhaan key ack majboot samarthak ottoman samachar patra "volcan" ney 1909 mein niyaazi aur enver key baare mein vigyaapan key tukade prakaashit kiye.
prati-kranti (1909) aur senaa seey sevaanivritti.
istambul mein tainaat mukhya roop seey albanian sainikon key ack samooh ney cup adhikaariyon dwara unhein macedonia seey anya senaa ikaaiyon key saath badalane kii yojana banaane key baad vidroh kiya aur unhone 1908 kii kranti koo poorvavat karane key liye 1909 mein jawabi kaarravaai kaa prayaas kiya. ottoman teesari senaa, joe macedonia mein tainaat thee aur mahmoud shevket paasha key netritva mein niyaazi key saath shamil hui, joe resne seey 1,800 purushon koo leey aaee. niyaazi ney mukhya roop seey albanian logon seey yukt swayamsevi ikaaiyon kaa netritva kiya, jinhone niyamit senaa ikaaiyon koo majboot kiya aur unhone prati-kranti koo dabaane mein agrani bhoomika nibhai. ack saathi albanian allie paasha kolonja dwara nirdeshit sainya abhiyaanon mein unhone vidrohiyon aur apadasth sultan abdul hameed dwiteeya key cumm pratirodh key saath istambul (23 aprail) koo phir seey leey liya.
una ghatnaaon key baad way senaa seey sevaanivritt hoe gaye aur unhone khud koo resne key vikas key liye samarpit curr diyaa, jahan unhone saarvajanik bhavanon, schools aur ack bhavya ghar, raaj kaa nirmaan kiya. 1905 mein niyaazi koo varsaay kaa ack postcard milane key baad raaj kaa nirmaan shuru huaa, jisane unaki french shally kii sampatti kii ichcha koo prerit kiya, jiska baahari hissa cup kranti key baad 1909 mein puuraa huaa thaa. kaee saal baad jaba unaki mrityu albania mein hui, tou niyaazi apani sampatti koo puuraa hotey dekhane key liye kabhi naheen jeevit rahey. 1911 taka niyaazi abhee bhee resne mein hii rahey aur unhone gurilla baind aur ottoman balon key beach ladaai seey sambandhit macedonia mein bigadati suraksha sthiti parr apane gusse koo mushkil seey chhipa diyaa.
sultan kaa balkan daura (1911).
1910 aur 1911 key albanian vidrohon ney juuna 1911 key dauran albanian logon seey wafadari hassil karane, sthaaniya logon key beach deshbhakti aur ekjutata koo prerit karane aur raashtravaad kaa mukabala karane key liye kosovo aur macedonia key sadbhavana daure parr mehmed vee koo cup bheja. niyaazi resne seey 600 purushon key saath aaya aur ack "mushaahit-aeye muhteram" (sammaanit yoddha) key roop mein sultan ney 9 juuna koo salonica mein uska swaagat kiya. apani albanian jaatiyata key kaaran, kranti key naayak key roop mein bhoomika aur ack sammaanit lekin raajneetik roop seey seemant cup sadasya honey key kaaran niyaazi macedonia key shaahi daure mein ack kendriya vyakti bunn gaye.
11 juuna koo, sultan kaee padaavon key saath saat ghante kii dheemi train kii sawari parr üsküp key liye aage badhaa aur niyaazi ney shaahi dall key saamane ack alag pilot train mein yatra kii aur ghoshana kii kii patariyon key karib aaney vaale kissy bhee vyakti koo goli maar dee jaayegi. baad mein kosovo seey lautane key baad sultan ney mathh kaa daura kiya, jahan niyaazi ney kranti key drishyon koo phir seey prastut kiya, jaise kii 1908 mein apani kamaan key tahat sainikon dwara shahar mein pravesh karna. niyaazi dwara punah abhinay mein ipe sabri bhee shamil thee, jisamen donon purush apane puraane kapade pahanate they, ghodon kii sawari karate they aur saath mein bandook kii gaadi bhee chalaate they, joe manki bhaaiyon dwara cameray mein record kii gaee ghatana thee. sultan resad kii bitola kii yatra" sheershak vaali film vartamaan mein macedonian abhilekhagar mein sanrakshit haye.
balkan yuddh (1912-1913) aur mrityu.
balkan yuddhon (1912-1913) key dauran, niyaazi aur unaki resne resiment sangharsh key anta taka bunny rahee aur cavit paasha key saath ladee. aprail 1913 mein vaha istambul key liye prasthaan karane vaali ack nauka mein chadhane key liye vlore pahunche, jahan unhein bandargah kii bandargaahon parr chaar logon ney goli maar dee thee. kissy ney bhee unaki mrityu kii jimmedaari naheen lii kyonki usa samay kii afvaahon ney anuman lagaaya thaa kii yaa tou kissy ney vyaktigat pratishodh, ack albanian rashtravadi yaa ack cup pratidvandi ney hatyaa kaa adesh diyaa thaa. niyaazi koo albanian samiti key sadasyon dwara maar diyaa gayaa thaa joe ismel toptani aur ismel qemaali key aadami they. choonki niyaazi kii mrityu unake karibi logon kaa parinam thee aur yuddh yaa ladaai kaa naheen, iss ghatana koo turkey kahawat mein "ney shhitir ney gaaji, haay yoluna gitti niyaazi" (niyaazi naa tou shaheed haye aur naa hii ack yoddha, vaha binaa kissy nuksan key marr gayaa) key roop mein yaad kiya jaataa haye.
vyaktigat jeevan aur parivaar.
niyaazi kaa vivaah ferride hanim (mrityu 1966) seey huaa thaa, joe shahar key faatih jile key sarachaneba (sarachen) pados mein ack puraane istanbulite parivaar seey utpann huaa thaa. unake dou bete mithat (janm 1911) aur sime (janm 1913) they joe ferride key saath they aur balkan yuddhon key dauran vaha istambul vaapas chully gaeen. niyaazi key istanbul mein donon beton key vanshaj hain aur way apane poorvaj key sammaan mein upnaam resnelioalu rakhate hain. resenlioalu parivaar ney 1980-1990 key dashak mein turkey sarkaar kii asafal pairavi kii taaki niyaazi key shareer koo vlore, albania seey nikala jaa sakey aur shashwat swatantrata kii pahaadi (hurriyat-ee ebediye tapacy) parr turkey mein phir seey dafnaya jaa sakey.
saanskritik sandarbh.
ottoman samrajya key dusare samvaidhaanik yug kii shuruat karane vaali yuva turk kranti mein unaki bhoomika key liye ack shraddhanjali key roop mein, niyaazi kaa ullekh ottoman sansad key nichale sadan, chamber off deputies key gaan (yaa "maclease-ee mebusson marsi") mein enver key saath kiya gayaa haye. yeh 1909 mein sansad key udghaatan parr kiya gayaa thaa. rashtragaan kii chauthi pankti mein likhaa haye "lambe samay taka jeevit niyaazi, lambe samay taka jeevit rahane vaalaa" (). 1910 key dashak mein niyaazi kaa ullekh anya geeton mein kiya gayaa thaa joe yuva turkon koo ack turk kendrit vichardhara kii or badhane koo darshaate hain.