
alekjendar galloway

leftinent-general surr alekjendar galloway (3 navambar 1895-28 janwari 1977) ack varishth british senaa adhikaari they. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, unhein vishesh roop seey ack karmchari adhikaari key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa aur iss tarah, 1941 key anta mein paschimi registan abhiyaan key dauran operation crusader key parinam mein unaki prabhaavshaali bhoomika thee. baad mein unhone 1944 kii shuruat mein italvi abhiyaan key dauran monte casino kii ladaai mein chauthe bhaaratiya paidal senaa vibhaag kii kamaan sambhali.
praarambhik jeevan aur sainya jeevan.
3 navambar 1895 koo scotland key havic key paas minto mein paida hue, scotland key mantri key ack church key bete, alekjendar galloway ney king villium key college mein shiksha praapt kii thee. agast 1914 mein pratham vishva yuddh key prakop parr galloway ney british senaa key liye swechha seey kaam kiya aur unhein cameraman (scotish rifles) mein dusare leftinent key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa, lekin phir 8 octuber 1914 koo raajaa kii apani scotish borders, ack kshetriya bull ikai, 52vein (nichale) division kii 156veen (scotish rifles) brigade kaa hissa, 1/4veen batalian mein tainaat kiya gayaa. unhein maee 1915 mein leftinent key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa, aur unhone gallipoli, misra aur philistine mein aur paschimi morche parr kaarravaai kii. 1917 mein, unhone niyamit senaa mein ack commission praapt kiya, scotish rifles mein laut aae, aur julaai mein unhein kaptan key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa. unhein 1918 mein sainya cross (mc) seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
yuddhon key beach.
antar-yuddh avadhi key dauran british senaa mein shesh, galloway mein kaee resiment aur karmchari naukariyan theen, joe 1925 seey 1926 taka doosari batalian, cameronian key sahayak key roop mein kaaryarat theen. unhone janwari 1928 seey ack saal key liye camberley key staff college mein bhaag liya aur disambar 1929 mein snaatak kiya. unake saathi chhatron mein kaee bhavishya key samanya adhikaari jaise kii richard mccurry, gerald templer, johnn harding, gerard baknal, villium homes, phillip gregson-ellis, gorden mcmillan aur aaee shamil they. aiss. oh. playfair. snaatak honey key baad unaki niyukti farwari 1930 mein aich. kyu. carro mein karmchari kaptan key roop mein niyuktiyon key roop mein aur farwari 1932 seey misra mein nahar brigade key brigade pramukh key roop mein bhee thee. way farwari 1937 mein farwari 1938 mein ack prashikshak key roop mein camberley key staff college mein laut aae, aur unake kaee saathi prashikshak yuddh mein pramukhta seey badh gaye.
galloway koo disambar 1933 mein mejar key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa (pahale brewett mejar banaaya gayaa thaa) aur janwari 1935 mein brewett leftinent-curnell banaaya gayaa thaa. leftinent-curnell key roop mein unaki padonnati 1938 mein staff college mein nirdesh dene kii apani avadhi poori karane parr hui thee.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prakop key samay galloway pahali batalian key cameraman kii kamaan sambhal rhaa thaa. farwari 1940 mein unhein karyavahak brigadier key pada parr, philistine key hypha mein nae karmchari mahavidyalaya kii kamaan sambhaalane key liye chunaa gayaa. agast mein unhein leftinent-general heinry matland willson key british sainikon key mukhyalaya misra mein mukhya karmchari adhikaari (bee. jee.-brigadier-general staff) niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. willson ney operation kampas kii yojana mein madad karane key liye paschimi registani bull key commander richard oh 'connor koo raahat dee. disambar 1940 mein unakaa mool pada poorna curnell key liye unnat kiya gayaa thaa.
1941 kii shuruat mein, jabaki abhee bhee willson key bee. jee. aiss., galloway ney grees kii yatra kii (crate mein ack viram key saath, jahaan, 19 farwari aur 7 march key beach, unhone dweep parr balon kii asthaayi kamaan sambhali) jahan willson koo 'doubleu bull' kii kamaan sambhaalani thee, rashtramandal abhiyaan bull joe march aur aprail key dauran aaya thaa. grees kii ladaai mein behtar german balon seey abhibhoot, abhiyaan bull koo aprail key anta taka greek mukhya bhoomi koo khaali karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa aur galloway 23 veen paidal senaa brigade kii kamaan sambhaalane key liye carro laut aaya, joe sudhaar kii prakriya mein thaa. galloway koo julaai mein british samrajya key adesh kaa commander niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
halanki seeriya-lebnan abhiyaan mein lada rahey australiyai pratham core koo majboot karane key liye 6vein paidal senaa division key hisse key roop mein bheja gayaa thaa, brigade ney koee kaarravaai naheen dekhi aur sitambar taka galloway carro mein vaapas aaa gayaa thaa taaki navgathit aathvin senaa key commander alaan cunningham koo bee. jee. key roop mein niyukt kiya jaa sakey. 23 navambar koo, operation crusader key dauran, yeh jaanate hue kii british kavach koo irvin romel key africa core key tankon dwara bhaari roop seey haraaya gayaa thaa, cunningham ney aakraman koo bund karane aur apani senaa koo vaapas lene key aadeshon kaa masauda taiyar kiya. galloway ney apani pahal parr adesh jaari karane mein deree kii aur carro seey sampark kiya kii madhya poorv kamaan key commander-inn-cheef clod auchinlake koo vyaktigat roop seey sthiti kii sameeksha karane key liye aage aanaa chaahiye. iss beach, galloway ney cunningham key dou core commanders key saath sthiti parr charcha kii aur pataa chalaa kii willofby nori (XXX core) aur reede godwin-austen (xiii core) donon koo lagaa kii aakraman jaari rehna chaahiye. aathven senaa mukhyalaya mein auchinlake key saath baad key sammelan key dauran yeye vichaar paarit hue. natijatan, auchinlake ney kunningham koo aakraman jaari rakhane kaa adesh diyaa. halanki romel kaa "taar seey takrana", aathvin senaa kii aapoorti kii lines koo kaatane kaa prayaas, aathvin senaa key pichhale kshetra mein khatare aur bhram paida curr diyaa, romel kaa kavach misra key saath libia kii seema parr chauthe bhaaratiya paidal senaa division key topkhaane dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa aur phir aapoorti kii kamee key parinamswarup apane kadmon koo phir seey pakadane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa. iss prakaar aathvin senaa ney pahal koo phir seey hassil curr liya aur janwari taka aksh balon koo cyrenaca seey baahar dhakel diyaa thaa.
27 navambar 1941 koo "crusader" key dauran, galloway koo karyavahak mejar-general key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa, taaki vaha madhya poorv key jee. aich. kyu. mein general staff (dee. see. jee. aiss.) key upa pramukh bunn sakein. unhone neel richi kii jagah lii, jinhone aathvin senaa kii kamaan sambhali thee. uttar africa mein unake prayason kii maanyata mein, galloway koo vishisht seva adesh seey sammaanit kiya gayaa aur disambar mein preshan mein iska ullekh kiya gayaa. apani naee bhoomika mein galloway ney yuddh karyalaya mein karmchari kartavyon key nideshak kii mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaane key liye maee 1942 mein landan lautane seey pahale sanyukt raajya america mein aathvin senaa key liye upkaran kaa chayan karane mein kuchh samay bitaaya. disambar 1942 mein unake pada koo ack karyavahak seey asthaayi pada parr upgraded kiya gayaa thaa aur julaai 1943 mein, unhein pahale bakhtarband division kii kamaan sambhaalane key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, joe uttar africa mein phir seey fitt thaa aur ack saal pahale gajala kii ladaai key baad seey uttar africa abhiyaan key madhyam seey ladaa thaa.
division key ree-fitting aur prashikshan kii avadhi key dauran uttar africa mein galloway key mejar-general key pada koo disambar 1943 mein mool roop seey banaaya gayaa thaa aur phir march 1944 mein itali mein ack antaral thaa jaba mejar general francis tuker, chauthe bhaaratiya paidal senaa division key commander, joe casino mein agrim pankti mein they, beemar hoe gaye. monte casino kii teesari ladaai key liye galloway 8 march 1944 koo asthaayi kamaan lene key liye aaya. duss dinon kii hatash ladaai mein german sahayogi hamale koo rokane mein safal rahey aur 25 march taka prayaas koo bund curr diyaa gayaa. galloway key division koo vaapas lena padaa, casino mein apane samay key dauran lagbhag 3,000 hataahat hue, aur galloway pahale bakhtarband division mein laut aaya.
maee 1944 mein pahale bakhtarband division koo itali mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin galloway ney apane vibhajan key saath koee kaarravaai naheen dekhi, kyonki casino mein apane samay key parinamswarup, unhein thheek honey key liye agast key madhya mein yuke vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa thaa. 1945 kii shuruat mein, achche swaasthya mein laut aae, galloway ney ack maheene taka teesare paidal senaa division kii kamaan sambhali, jabaki lashmer ct bajaane vaale ney chhutti leey lii.
1944/45 kii sardiyon key dauran, neetherland mein savinay avagya kaa jawab dete hue, germans ney naharon koo bund curr diyaa, iss prakaar bhojan aur eendhan key vitaran koo roque diyaa. galloway key tahat ack jilaa mukhyalaya sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, joe 21vein senaa samooh key nagrik mamalon aur sainya sarkaar key nideshak gerald templer aur dutch sarkaar key shafe pratinidhi george clark key saath milkar, bhookh seey peedit aabaadi koo raahat dene key liye parivahan aur aapoorti key bhandar kaa ayojan kiya gayaa thaa, jaba sainya sthiti kii anumati dee gaee thee. march mein kanadai pahali senaa ney galloway key sangathan key saath neetherland mein pravesh kiya. aprail key madhya mein german kabje vaale balon key saath ack yuddhaviram parr sahamati bunny, jisamen havaai ("operation mannah") aur sadak ("operation fost") dwara kabje vaale kshetron (joe desh key sabse adhik aabaadi vaale kshetra they) mein raahat aapoorti kii anumati dee gaee.
yuddh key baad.
yuddh key anta mein 21vein senaa samooh key pramukh niyukt kiye gaye, joe thake hue freddy dee gingand kii jagah leey rahey they. disambar 1945 mein unhein karyavahak leftinent-general key roop mein XXX core kii kamaan sambhaalane key liye padonnat kiya gayaa. unhein 1946 key nae saal key sammaan mein snan key crum kaa saathi bhee niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
galloway 1946 seey 1947 taka malay senaa key pramukh senapati they, aur british uchchaayukt aur commander-inn-cheef british sanic austriya octuber 1947 seey 21 janwari 1950 taka they. unake leftinent-general pada koo march 1947 mein sthaayi banaa diyaa gayaa thaa (varishthata disambar 1944 taka kii thee), aur unhein 1949 mein british samrajya key adesh key night commander key roop mein sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. galloway 17 farwari 1950 koo senaa seey sevaanivritt hue.
julaai 1951 mein, galloway koo jorden mein sanyukt rashtra raahat aur kaary agency (unarva) kaa nideshak niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. rajanyik bhoomika mein ack vyakti key liye galloway asamanya roop seey kund thaa, jisane unake karyalaya aur mezban sarkaar key beach gharshan paida kiya, aur amman mein british shasson key saath. 1951 key liye legation kii vaarshik report mein bigadati arthavyavastha aur abdullah kii hatyaa key baad jorden kii rajneeti key parivartan parr jore diyaa gayaa. philistine key sharanarthiyon key sambandh mein report mein raashan roll koo cumm karane key prayason aur sharanarthiyon koo 'aaney vaali sardiyon key khilaf suraksha banaane' key prayason koo sharanarthiyon dwara philistine key baahar punarvaas aur lautane key adhikaar key aatmasamarpan key roop mein vyakhya kii gaee thee.'
1953 mein videshi sambandhon parr samiti kii nikat poorv aur africa parr upasamiti key samaksh sunavaai key dauran americi christian pyalestine samiti key karyakari sachiv, aadaraniya carle baihar dwara ack asatyaapit abhee taka kii gaee gawahi key anusaar, galloway ney 1952 mein 1948 key israel-arab yuddh seey utpann arab sharanarthiyon kii samasya key baare mein americi church key netaaon key ack samooh koo ack bayaan diyaah beach key varshon mein iss uddharan kii lagaatar punah ghoshana key parinamswarup galloway kii pehchaan khou gaee haye aur uddharan koo galati seey ack (gair-astitva mein) gair-karmchari, ralf galloway koo shreya diyaa gayaa haye.
usee varsh ack opp-aid mein galloway anarva key baare mein aur bhee spasht thaah "karmchari adhik karmchaariyon koo janm dete hain. yojana yojana kaa paalan karati haye. typewriter click karate hain. vivaranikaaen aur aankade saamane aatey hain. sharanarthi rahate hain aur khaate hain, aur shikayat karate hain aur prajanan karate hain; jabaki sthaaniya sarkaaron aur nideshak key beach raajneetik 'antim sparsh' kaa khel chalata haye. unhone aage kahaah "ack lubhavane raajneetik paintarebaazi aur kathin, apriya tathya key beach antar karane kii aavashyakta haye kii sharanarthi nikat bhavishya mein apane gharon mein naheen laut sakate hain. iss sweekriti koo praapt karna rajneeti kaa mamla haih yeh anarva key kaary seey parey haye."iss bayaan key liye, jorden kii sarkaar kii maang parr fansi dee gaee thee.
unarva key saath galloway kaa aupchaarik rojgar 30 juuna 1952 koo samaapt hoe gayaa. lekin yeh arab sharanarthi samasya key saath unake judaav kaa anta naheen thaa. shukravaar 29 agast 1952 koo galloway ney roodhivaadi dainik telegraph aur morning post mein ack lekh prakaashit kiya jiska sheershak thaa 'arab sharanarthiyon key baare mein kyaa kiya jaa sakata haye?'vaha charitragat roop seey pratyaksh thaah
naa kewal arab raajyon balki swayam unarva key saath-saath sharanarthiyon koo bhee shamil karate hue gambhir nason mein galloway jaari rhaa. unhone nishkarsh nikaalah
1954 mein galloway ney costen engineering aur nirmaan firm key liye jansampark nideshak aur prabandhak key roop mein ack pada grahan kiya aur 1964 mein sevaanivritt hue. way aur unaki patni 1965 mein scotland chaley gaye aur 1977 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
vyaktigat.
galloway ney 1920 mein dorothy haddon white seey shaadi kii, jisase unake teen bete hue.