
peater tosh

winston hubert macintosh, ome (19 octuber 1944-11 sitambar 1987), jinhen peshevar roop seey peater tosh key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack jamaikan rege sangeetkaar they. bobb marley aur bunny valler key saath, vaha baind dha valers (1963-1976) key mukhya sadasyon mein seey ack they, jisake baad unhone khud koo ack safal ekal kalakar aur rastaafari key pravartak key roop mein sthaapit kiya. 1987 mein ack grih aakraman key dauran unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee thee.
praarambhik sangeet aur valers key saath.
tosh kaa janm westmoreland mein winston hubert macintosh mein huaa thaa, joe jamaika kaa sabse paschimi parrish haye. usey usake maataa-pitaa ney chhod diyaa aur "rishtedaron key beach aapas mein milaa diyaa. jaba mintosh pandrah varsh key they, unaki chaachi kii mrityu hoe gaee aur way jamaika key kingsten mein trenchtown chaley gaye. unhone pahali baar gitar seekhana taba seekha jaba unhone desh mein ack aadami koo ack aisaa geet bajaate hue dekhaa joe unhein mohit curr gayaa. vaha aadhe dinn taka usa aadami koo vahee geet bajaate hue dekhta rhaa, joe kuchh bhee usaki ungaliyaan curr rahee theen, usey yaad kartaa rhaa. phir unhone gitar uthaaya aur usa aadami key liye geet vaapas bajaaya. usa aadami ney taba mintosh seey poochha jisane usey khelna sikhaaya thaa; mintosh ney usey bataaya kii usane kiya thaa. 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein, ack mahatvakankshi sangeetkaar key roop mein, tosh gaayak shikshak joe higgs key paas gaye, jinhone yuvaaon koo muft sangeet kaa paath padhaaya. higgs key saath apane sampark key madhyam seey, tosh ney robbert nesta marley (bobb marley) aur neville oh 'railey livingston (bunny valler) seey mulakat kii. isake baad unhone apana naam badalkar peater tosh curr liya aur 1962 mein teenon ney ack saath gaanaa shuru curr diyaa. highgs ney teenon koo samanjasya sthaapit karna sikhaaya aur apane sangeet koo vikasit karate hue, way aksar trenchtown key sadak key konon parr bajaate they.
1964 mein tosh ney junier braithwaite, ack falceto gaayak aur backup gaayak beverley kelso aur cherry smith key saath baind dha violing valers koo vyavasthit karane mein madad kii. shuru mein, samooh mein tosh ekmatra aisaa vyakti thaa joe sangeet vaadyayantra bajaa sakata thaa. banni valler key anusaar, tosh baind key liye mahatvapurna they kyonki way ack swa-sikhaaya gitarvadak aur keyboard vaadak they, aur iss prakaar baind key anya sadasyon key liye khelna seekhane key liye ack prerana bunn gaye. willing valers ney apane pahale ekal, "simmer down" key saath ack pramukh skaa hitt kiya thaa, aur 1965 key anta mein braithwaite, kelso aur smith dwara baind chhodane seey pahale kaee aur safal ekal record kiye they. marley ney 1966 kaa adhikansh samay apani maan, sedella (nee malcum) marley-booker key saath sanyukt raajya mein delaware mein bitaaya, aur ack sankshipt samay key liye paas key chrysler karkhane mein kaam curr rahey they. way 1967 kii shuruat mein sangeet mein naee ruchi aur ack naee aadhyatmikta key saath jamaika laut aae. jaba marley america seey lauta tou tosh aur khargosh pahale seey hii rastafarian they, aur teenon rastafari vishvaas mein bahut shamil hoe gaye. isake turant baad, unhone sangeet samooh kaa naam badalkar valers curr diyaa. tosh baad mein bataayega kii unhone valers naam chunaa kyonki "vilaap" kaa arth haye shoke karna yaa jaisa kii unhone kahaa, "...apani bhaavanaon koo mukhar roop seey vyakt karein. vaha yeh bhee daavaa kartaa haye kii vaha samooh kii shuruat thaa, aur yeh vaha thaa jisane pahali baar bobb marley koo gitar sikhaaya thaa. banni valler key anusaar, shuruati valers ney tosh seey vaadyayantra bajaana seekha.
1960 key dashak key madhya key dauran tosh, bobb marley aur bunny valler key saath, danny sims aur johnny naish seey parichit karaaya gayaa, jinhone teen kalakaron koo sims aur naish key jaid record label parr ack vishesh recording anubandh key saath-saath sims kii sangeet prakaashan company, cayman sangeet key madhyam seey ack vishesh prakaashan samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye. skaa key upp-tempo nritya koo aswikar karate hue, baind ney apane sangeet koo ack sthir gati taka dheema curr diyaa, aur apane nae vishvaas seey prerit raajneetik aur samajik sandeshon key saath apane geeton koo bhar diyaa. valers ney nirmaata lii "scratch" perry key saath milkar "soul ribel", "duppy kankar" aur "small aiks" sahit kuchh sabse puraane prasiddh rege geeton koo record karane seey pahale americi mool key gaayak naish key liye kaee geeton kii rachana kii. iss sahyog ney rege sangeet koo janm diyaa thaa aur 1970 mein bassist aashcharyachakit "parivarik vyakti" barrett aur unake bhaai, drummer carlton barrett, samooh mein shamil hoe gaye. unhone "dha best off dha valers" album record kiya, jise leslie kaang dwara nirmit kiya gayaa thaa aur 1971 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
1972 mein, danny sims ney baind key saath jaid record recording anubandh kaa santulan criss blackwell aur eyeland record company koo saunpa aur 1973 mein apani shuruat, "catch aeye fayer" jaari kii, usee varsh "bernin" key saath. 1970 key baad valers kaee nirmaataon seey hutt gaye they aur aise udaaharan they jahan nirmaata rehearsal satron koo record karate they joe tosh ney kiya thaa aur unhein ingland mein "peater touch" key naam seey jaari kiya thaa.
1973 mein, tosh apani premika ivan key saath ghar jaa rhaa thaa jaba usaki kaar koo sadak key galat taraf chala rahee ack anya kaar ney takkar maar dee. durghatana mein ivan kii maut hoe gaee aur tosh kii khopadi gambhir roop seey toot gaee. dweep record key baad rashtrapati criss blackwell ney 1974 mein apana ekal album jaari karane seey incar curr diyaa, tosh aur bunny valler ney blackwell seey praapt anuchit vyavhaar kaa hawala dete hue valers koo chhod diyaa, jinhen tosh ney aksar blackwell key upnaam, 'whiteworst' parr ack apmaanjanak naatak key saath sandarbhit kiya. tosh ney valers key kaee hitt gaane likhe they jaise kii "uthein, khade houn", "400 saal", aur "koee sahaanubhooti naheen". tosh ney recording shuru kii aur 1976 mein cbs record company aur treasure aisal key saath apani ekal shuruat, "ise vaidh banaaen" jaari kii. sheershak geet jald hii bhang key vaidhikaran, rege sangeet premiyon aur duniya bhar mein rastafari key samarthan karane vaalon key beach lokpriya hoe gayaa, aur tosh key sangeet karyakramon mein ack pasandida thaa. 
yeh valers, dweep record seey unakaa antim album thaa. 2013 mein, francisi vidwan dow. jeremi crobo dagnini aur unake poorv sahayogi, american lii jeff dwara saha-likhit ack pustak, tosh kaa kahana haye kii yeh ack taskari abhiyaan kaa hissa thaa jisane iss album key liye dhana jutaaya thaa.
ekal carrier.
tosh ney rolling stone record key saath apane swayam key album banaana shuru kiya aur 1977 mein cbs record "samaan adhikaar" key baad, marley key saath saha-likhit ack geet kii recording, "uthein, khade houn" aur "stepping rejar" kaa ack aavaran joe film "rockers" key soundtrack parr bhee dikhaai dega.
tosh ney ack sahayak baind, shabd, dhwani aur shakti kaa ayojan kiya, joe agale kuchh varshon key liye unake saath daure parr jaane vaale they, aur jinamen seey kaee ney iss avadhi key unake albums parr pradarshan kiya. 1978 mein, rolling stone record record rolling stone record ney tosh key saath anubandh kiya, jiss parr album "busch doctor" jaari kiya gayaa thaa, joe ack badey darshakon koo tosh seey parichit karaata thaa. album mein rolling stone frontman mike jagger aur keath richard shamil they, aur mukhya ekal-pralobhan geet "dont look back" kaa ack cover sanskaran-jagger key saath ack yugal key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa.
1978 key bobb marley key free vann lava pees concert key dauran, tosh ney ack marizuana spliff jalaaya aur bhang koo vaidh banaane key baare mein vyakhyan diyaa, iss tarah key kaanoon koo lagu karane mein viphalata key liye ganmaanya vyaktiyon michael manley aur edward seega koo fatkaar lagaai. kaee maheenon baad usey pulis ney giraftar curr liya kyonki vaha kingsten mein skateland dance holl seey nikla thaa aur pulis hirasat mein rahate hue usey buri tarah peeta gayaa thaa.
"rahasyavaadi aadami" (1979), aur "darr aur jeevit chaahte they" (1981), donon koo rolling stone record parr jaari kiya gayaa. tosh ney apane ugravaadi vichaaron koo banaae rakhate hue kuchh mukhyadhara kii safalata hassil karane kii koshish kii, lekin kewal madhyam roop seey safal rhaa, vishesh roop seey jaba marley kii uplabdhiyon kii tulanaa mein.
1984 mein, 1983 key album "maama africa" key release honey key baad, tosh aatm-nirvaasan mein chaley gaye, africa mein paaramparik chikitsa purushon kii aadhyatmik salah lene key liye, aur dakshin africa mein apane record vitarit karane vaale samjhauton koo record karane seey khud koo mukt karane kii koshish curr rahey they. tosh apane sangeet key liye prachaar kii kathit kamee koo laker kaee varshon seey apane label, ammy key saath matbhed mein they.
tosh ney rangbhed virodhi sangeet samarohon mein dikhaai dekar aur rangbhed (1977,1987 mein phir seey record kiye gaye), "samaan adhikaar" (1977), "ladaai parr" (1979), aur "ise naheen chhodane vaalaa" (1983) jaise vibhinn geeton mein apani raay vyakt karke dakshin african rangbhed key antarrashtriya virodh mein bhee bhaag liya. 1987 mein, peater tosh key currier mein punrutthan hoe rhaa thaa. unhein 1987 mein "noo nuclear vaar" key liye sarvshreshth rege pradarshan key liye grammy puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, joe unakaa antim record thaa.
mrityu.
11 sitambar 1987 koo, tosh key jamaika mein apane ghar lautane key thheek baad, teen logon kaa ack giroh motorcycle parr paise kii maang karate hue unake ghar aaya. tosh ney jawab diyaa kii usake saath koee naheen haye lekin giroh ney usa parr vishvaas naheen kiya. way kaee ghanton taka unake awas parr rahey aur unase paise vasoolane key prayaas mein unhein prataadit kiya. ghanton key dauran, jaba tosh key vibhinn sahayogi unase milane pahunche, tou unhein bhee bandukdhariyon ney bandhak banaa liya. bandukdhari adhik seey adhik nirash hoe gaye, vishesh roop seey mukhya thhag, dennis "leppo" lobain, ack aadami jisase tosh ney pahale dosti kii thee aur ack lambi jail kii sajaa key baad kaam khojane mein madad karane kii koshish kii thee. tosh ney kahaa kii usake paas ghar mein koee paisa naheen thaa, jisake baad lobain aur saathi bandukdhariyon ney laparwahi seey golibari shuru curr dee. tosh koo dou baar sir mein goli maaree gaee aur maar diyaa gayaa. jadee-bootiyon key visheshagya wilton "dock" braun aur disk jockey jeff 'free aaee' dixon kii bhee dakaiti key dauran hue ghaavon key parinamswarup mrityu hoe gaee. ghar mein kaee anya loga ghayal hoe gaye, jinamen tosh kii samanya kaanoon patni andrea marlene braun, free aaee kii patni yavon ("joy"); tosh key drummer carlton "saanta" davis aur sangeetkaar michael robbinson shamil they.
pulis aayukt harman rickets key anusaar, dennis "leppo" lobain ney aatmasamarpan curr diyaa aur dou anya logon seey poochtaachh kii gaee lekin saarvajanik roop seey unakaa naam naheen liya gayaa. lobban ney apane mukadame key dauran adalat koo yeh bataate hue nirdosh honey kaa anurodh kiya kii vaha doston key saath sharaab pee rhaa thaa. avaidh agneyastron kii sanliptata key kaaran mukadama ack bund adalat mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. loban koo antatah aathh mahilaaon aur chaar purushon kii ack juurii dwara doshi paaya gayaa aur fansi kii sajaa sunai gaee. 1995 mein unaki sajaa koo cumm curr diyaa gayaa aur lobain jail mein haye. ack anya sandigdh koo aparyaapt sabooton key kaaran burry curr diyaa gayaa thaa. anya dou bandukdhariyon kii pehchaan kabhi bhee naam seey naheen kii gaee.
viraasat.
1993 mein "" release hui, ack vrittachitra film jisamen tosh key jeevan, sangeet aur asaamyik mrityu kaa varnan kiya gayaa thaa. ise kanadai film nirmaata nicolaus campbelle dwara nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa, jise wein jobson dwara nirmit kiya gayaa thaa aur peater tosh dwara swayam kii gaee bolly-shabd recording kii ack shrinkhala parr adharit thaa. yeh film 2002 mein dee. vee. dee. parr release hui thee.
tosh key liye ack smaarak kaa rakharkhaav unake parivaar dwara neegril, jamaika key paas kiya jaataa haye aur yeh janata key liye khula haye. unakaa janmadin harr saal vahaan live rege sangeet key saath manaaya jaataa haye.
octuber 2012 mein tosh koo maranoparant jamaika key chauthe sarvocch sammaan, yogyata key crum seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
kingsten mein trafalgar road parr ack varg kaa naam badalkar peater tosh varg curr diyaa gayaa. chauk peater tosh sangrahalaya kaa ghar haye, joe octuber 2016 mein khola gayaa thaa. pradarshan parr kalakritiyon mein tosh kaa aim16 gitar haye.
2015 mein, tosh kii betty-peater tosh estate key prashaasak-ney maanaa kii 20 aprail koo unake "aushadhiya aur aadhyatmik swaasthya laabhon key liye jimmedaar bhang key sevan key darshan" key sammaan mein antarrashtriya peater tosh divas key roop mein manaaya jaanaa chaahiye.
1964 mein dhoop key chashme mein tosh kii tasveer aur bobb marley aur anya valers key saath soot kaa upayog 1979 mein 2 tone record sangeet label key logo key liye prerana key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, jisane vishesh jaise skaa baind seey album jaari kiye they. logo mein ack soot aur mudra key saath ack shailibaddh aakriti thee joe photo seey tosh key chitran parr adharit thee, halanki iss aakriti koo "walt jabsco" kahaa jaataa thaa. badale mein 2 tone record logo ack microsoft font mein ack drying key liye prerana thee. tosh key iss sanskaran koo 1997 mein vincent connare dwara design kiye gaye webding key ack hisse key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa. font mein anya font kii tarah akshar yaa sankhya naheen thee, balki isake bajaay prateekon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa aur paath key liye anya font key saath upayog karane key liye thaa. konare vishesh geeton key prashansak they aur unhone unake ack album parr walt jabsco koo dekhaa aur ise webding prateekon mein seey ack key aadhar key roop mein upayog karane kaa faisala kiya, design koo badalkar taaki aage kii or munh kiya jaa sakey aur neeche dikhaae gaye apane chhaaya key saath tair rhaa hoe. webdings mein, tosh koo chhote akshar "aim" type karke dekhaa jaataa haye. konere key webdings design koo 2014 mein imoji pranali mein "maine inn business soot leviting imoji" naam key saath code key saath shamil kiya gayaa thaa. tosh key bachche andreau tosh aur niyambe macintosh donon ney 2021 bee. bee. see. key ack sakshatkar mein imoji kii prashansa kii, jisamen andreau ney kahaa kii "[peater tosh] chaahte they kii [loga] apani (raajneetik) jaagriti key liye nritya karein.
vaarshik peater tosh gaalaa puraskar karyakram kaa udghaatan 2017 mein kiya gayaa thaa.
octuber 2019 mein, bobb marley, peater tosh aur bunny valler koo sammaanit karane vaale nubian jack samudaay trust dwara samarpit ack smaarak neeli pattika koo landan mein basing street studio key poorv sthal parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, jahaan "catch aeye fayer" aur "bernin" puuraa hoe gayaa thaa.
2023 mein unhein maranoparant oh key sathiyon key adesh seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. aar. tambu.
1983 mein, loss angils stop parr tosh key "maama africa" daure parr, bruno coon naam kaa ack sthaaniya sangeetkaar usa hotal mein gayaa, jahan tosh reh rhaa thaa, aur usake liye ack upahaar honey kaa daavaa curr rhaa thaa. yeh upahaar aim16 rifle key aakar mein ack custom-nirmit gitar thaa. tosh ney vyaktigat roop seey upahaar sweekaar kiya. gitar baad mein airlines dwara khou diyaa gayaa thaa jaba daura europe gayaa thaa lekin jaba tosh key jansampark agent ney "dair spiegel" mein isake nuksan key baare mein ack lekh rakhaa tou yeh baramad hoe gayaa. tosh gitar key saath munch parr pradarshan karane key liye chalaa gayaa.
flashpoint film festival key pravartakon ney 2006 mein ghoshana kii kii tosh kii samanya-kaanoon patni aur riya "marlene" braun ise eebe parr neelam karegi. tosh key beton, andru tosh aur jawara macintosh ney gitar key swaamitva kaa daavaa karate hue bikri koo roque diyaa. 2011 mein andreau tosh ney kahaa kii gitar ack karibi dost kii hirasat mein thaa, joe peater tosh koo samarpit ack sangrahalaya key udghaatan kaa intezar curr rhaa thaa.
peater tosh sangrahalaya peater tosh key 72vein janmadin parr 19 octuber 2016 koo kingsten, jamaika mein khola gayaa thaa.
vyaktigat jeevan.
dharm.
1960 key dashak key anta mein bobb marley aur bunny vail key saath, peater tosh rastafari key bhakt bunn gaye. raaston kii maanyataon mein seey ack yeh haye kii hayle selasi, ethiopia kaa samrat, yaa tou bhagwan kaa avtaar thaa yaa bhagwan kaa sandeshvaahak thaa, joe teen doston koo ethiopian roodhivaadi church mein bapatisma lene key liye prerit kartaa thaa.
gair-saikil.
valers seey jaane key baad, tosh ney saikil mein ruchi vikasit kii aur ack saikil savaar bunn gayaa, joe aage aur peechhe kii or sawari karane aur koodane mein saksham thaa. vaha aksar apane show key liye apani saikil parr munch parr savaar hocker apane darshakon kaa manoranjan karate they.
dyscography.
sankalan.
soochibaddh sanklanon mein pahale seey aprakaashit samagri jamaika key baahar haye.

