
lyu shifu

liu shifu (; janm liu shaobin; 27 juuna 1884-27 march 1915), jise sifu key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack cheeni hatyara aur rajneta thaa. way beesavin shatabdi kii shuruat mein cheeni krantikari andolan mein aur vishesh roop seey cheeni arajaktawadi andolan mein ack prabhaavshaali vyakti they. vaha andolan mein ack pramukh vyakti they, vishesh roop seey kwangtung praant mein, aur cheeni arajaktawadi parampara key sabse mahatvapurna ayojakon mein seey ack they. unhein kabhi-kabhi chean kaa piyare-joseph garvan maanaa jaataa haye.
praarambhik varsh.
liu shaobin kaa janm 27 juuna 1884 koo shiangshan county, guangdong mein ack samriddh parivaar mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa, liu biancheng ack sthaaniya adhikaari they aur vyaavsaayik udyamon mein lagey hue they. aam taur parr ack bachche key roop mein shikshit, jabaki anya kishoron key saath usa yug mein pahale cheeni-japani yuddh key parinam seey hairan hocker, unhone 1898 mein gwangdong kii sthaaniya pareekshaon mein sheersh sthaan arjit kiya. agale varsh, cheeni rajneeti mein apani nirasha key kaaran, lyu, uddeshya seey gwangjhou mein praantiya pariksha mein whiffle rahey, jisane unake pitaa koo bahut aashcharyachakit curr diyaa. lyu koo apani aupchaarik shiksha pasand naheen thee aur unhone socha kii chean koo sudhaar kii aavashyakta haye.
pareekshan mein whiffle honey key baad, lyu ney nae gyaan key liye pustakon aur patrikaon kaa adhyayan karane aur ack saarvajanik bhashi samaaj kaa ayojan karane key liye ack padhane vaale samooh kii madad karke apani pahali sudhaar gatividhiyon koo shuru kiya. unake chachere bhaai, liu yuehang inn gatividhiyon mein unake saath shamil hue. unhone makaau mein apane padhane vaale samooh kii ack shakha bhee sthaapit kii, jahan shifu kii mulakat hui, joe usa yug key sabse kattarpanthi cheeni vicharakon mein seey ack they, aur unhone shiangshan mein ladkiyon kaa ack school shuru kiya. inn sudhaar gatividhiyon key saath-saath lyu ney apane desh kii jarooraton koo puuraa karane key liye gyaan kii khoj koo banaae rakhaa, aur ack drishtikon key liye, chean koo kaise badala jaanaa chaahiye, isaki kuchh vyaapak samajh.
kissy desh key sudhaar parr inn vichaaron ney unhein aise kshetron mein leey jaaya jinake liye unaki yogyata cumm thee aur vaastavik ruchi cumm thee, aur unhone beejganit aur trikonamiti key samatulya paaramparik ganit key kshetron kaa adhyayan kiya. unhone sou vichardharaon key visham roodhivaadi vicharakon key karyon koo bhee vyaapak roop seey padhaa.
1902 mein, unhone paschimi adhyayan karane key liye japan kii yatra kii. japan mein, unhone kattarpanthi rajneeti kii jaanch kii aur sunn yaat-saine key krantikari gathbandhan mein shamil hoe gaye. kishoravastha mein unhone pahali baar apana naam badalkar liu sifu (sifu kaa shaabdik arth haye "haan logon kii bahaali key baare mein sochana") curr liya.
baad kii gatividhiyaan.
1906 mein liu chean laut aae. chean lautane key baad, liu ney 1906 key anta aur 1907 kii shuruat mein kaee krantikari andolanon kaa ayojan kiya. 1 maee 1907 kii subah, liu ney king rajvansh key guangdong nausena commandant kii hatyaa karane kaa prayaas kiya, lekin liu whiffle rahey aur ack aakasmik visfot mein unakaa ack haath chalaa gayaa. asafal hatyaa key kaaran liu koo baad mein giraftar curr liya gayaa aur lagbhag teen saal key liye jail bhej diyaa gayaa. 1910 kii shuruat mein, rihaai key baad, liu ney zee yingbo, jhu shutang aur anya logon key saath chean hatyaa core kii saha-sthaapana kii. chean hatyaa core ack upanivesh virodhi andolan thaa joe russie shoonyavaadi andolan kii ranneeti seey dridhata seey prabhaavit thaa aur krantikari aatankvaad aur aaparaadhik abhijaat varg (kaary kaa prachaar) kii hatyaa kii vakaalat kartaa thaa. arajaktawad mein parivartit honey parr unhone inn ranneetiyon kii pratikool-utpaadak key roop mein ninda kii aur ack krantikari zana andolan key nirmaan key liye kisaanon aur shramikon key beach jamini star parr sangathan karane parr apana dhyaan kendrit kiya. way pahale cheeni krantikariyon mein seey ack they jinhone apani krantikari ranneeti key ack pramukh tatva key roop mein kisan sangathan kii gambhirta seey vakaalat kii.
1912 mein liu ney andhere mein cox crowing (aeye.key.aeye. murga-kauva samaaj), jisaki patrika, logon kii aavaaj, 1910 key dashak mein cheeni arajaktawad kaa pramukh anga thaa. liu arajaktawadi siddhant key ack kushal pratipaadak they aur samajwadi netaa jiang kangu key saath unake vivadaspad adaan-pradaan ney arajaktawad koo "shuddh samaajvaad" key roop mein lokpriya banaane aur ise samajwadi vichaar kii anya dhaaraon seey alag karane mein madad kii.
murga-kauva samaaj, jise "gwangjhou samooh" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, koo aamtaur parr liu dwara "netritva" key roop mein varnit kiya jaataa haye, aur yeh aam taur parr sateek haye kyonki humm ise udaaharan key liye netritva key roop mein samajhate hain kyonki unhein kabhi bhee koee aupchaarik pada yaa samooh dwara jabardasti adhikaar naheen diyaa gayaa thaa. iss star parr unakaa sabse mahatvapurna yogdan "buddhijiviyon aur shramikon key beach ack gathbandhan" kii neenv aur unake prachaar kaary they joe arajakta koo anya sabhi samaajvaadon seey alag karane key liye taiyar they joe lokpriyata mein badh rahey they; aur aisaa pahali baar karate hue bilkul vaisa hii thaa jaisa arajakta. guangjhou samooh ney ack arajaktawadi samaaj key apane drishtikon koo rekhaankit karane key liye adhikaaron aur shramikon, mahilaaon, kisaanon aur anya utpeedit samoohon key sakaratmak daavon kaa upayog kiya. jaatiya alpsankhyakon kaa koee ullekh ullekhaniya roop seey anupasthit thaa, kyonki unake munch kaa ack mool hissa ack antarrashtriya pehchaan key paksh mein jaatiya, nasleeya aur rashtriya pehchaan kaa unmoolan thaa, jisane kissy jaatiya yaa nasleeya samooh key bajaay samagr roop seey manavata key prati nishtha koo praathamik mahatva diyaa.
yeh sweekaar karna mahatvapurna haye kii yeh sthiti manchu virodhi andolan dwara jaatiyata parr rakhee gaee pradhaantaa key jawab mein taiyar kii gaee thee, jisane iss tathya key aadhar parr king rajvansh kii avaidhata parr jore dene kii koshish kii thee kii isake sadasya haan bahumat key sampark mein aaney vaale jaatiya alpasankhyak kaa hissa they, ack aisee sthiti jise chaaron pramukh samoohon key arajaktawadi naslavaadi aur anuchit andolan key roop mein ninda karate they joe mukti key liye kaam karane kaa daavaa kartaa thaa. isaliye, unaki sthiti yeh thee kii jaatiyata-adharit sangathan naslavaad koo badhaava detaa haye, aur ack aisee kranti mein koee sthaan naheen haye joe poori manavata key liye mukti kii maang karati haye.
way antarrashtriya bhasha esperanto key andolan mein bahut sakriya they, jisamen unhone chhadm naam sifo kaa upayog kiya thaa.

