
bahulak baink nott

polymer banknote synthetic polymer jaise kii biaxial oriented polypropylene (bopp) seey baney banknote hain. aise noton mein kaee suraksha suvidhaaen shamil hain joe kagaj key banknotes mein upalabdh naheen hain, jinamen metameric syaahi kaa upayog bhee shamil haye. polymer banknote kagji noton kii tulanaa mein kaafee lambe samay taka chalate hain, jisase paryavaraniya prabhaav mein kamee aatee haye aur utpaadan aur pratisthaapan kii laagat mein kamee aatee haye. aadhunik bahulak banknotes koo pahali baar reserve baink off australia (aar. bee. aeye.), rashtramandal vaigyaanik aur audyogik anusandhaan sangathan (see. aiss. aaee. aar. oh.) aur melburn vishvavidyalaya dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. unhein pahali baar 1988 key dauran australia mein mudra key roop mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa (australia key dwishtabdi varsh key saath mell khaate hue); 1996 taka, australiyai dollar koo poori tarah seey bahulak banknotes mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. 1999 mein plastic nott jaari karane vaalaa romenia europe kaa pahala desh thaa aur 2003 taka australia aur newzealand key baad poori tarah seey bahulak mein parivartit honey vaalaa teesara desh bunn gayaa.
anya mudraaen joe poori tarah seey bahulak banknotes mein badal dee gaee hain, unamen shamil hainh viyatnami dong (2006) halanki yeh kewal 5,000 dong seey adhik moolya key banknotes parr lagu hotaa haye, brunei dollar (2006), nigerian naira (2007), papua nyu gineen kinaa (2008), kanadai dollar (2013), maldivi rufiya (2017), mauritanian oguia (2017), nikaraguan cardoba (2017), vanuatu vaatu (2017), purvi carribean dollar (2019), pound sterling (2021) aur barbedian dollar (2022). kaee deshon aur kshetron ney abb smaarak yaa samanya parisancharan mein bahulak banknotes koo pesh kiya haye, jinamen shamil hainh nigeria, cape verde, chilly, gambia, trinidad aur tobago, viyatnam, mexico, singapur, malaysia, botswana, saao tome aur principe, uttar macedonia, roose, soloman dweep, samoa, moroco, albania, srilanka, haang kaang, israel, chean, taiwan, kuwait, mosambic, saudi arab, maine kaa dweep, gwatemala, haiti, jamaika, libia, mauricius, costa rica, honduras, angola, namibia, libia, phillippeans aur misra.
itihas.
1980 key dashak mein, kanadai engineering company agra vadeko aur us chemical company us mobil chemical company ney duranote key roop mein ack bahulak substrate trademark vikasit kiya. 1980 aur 1990 key dashak mein baink off kanada dwara iska pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa; octuber 2012 mein 20 dollar aur 50 dollar key banknotes kii nilami kii gaee thee. 1997 aur 1998 mein sanyukt raajya key koshagar vibhaag key utkirnan aur mudran beuro dwara bhee iska pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa, jaba 40,000 test banknotes koo mudrit aur mulyankan kiya gayaa thaa; aur 28 deshon key kendriya bainkon dwara iska mulyankan kiya gayaa thaa.
suraksha suvidhaaen.
polymer banknotes mein aamtaur parr suraksha upkaranon key teen star hotey hain. praathamik suraksha upkaran upbhoktaon dwara aasaani seey pehchaane jaa sakate hain aur isamen intaglio, dhaatu kii pattiyan aur baink nott key spasht kshetra shamil hoe sakate hain. dwiteeyak suraksha upkaran ack machine dwara pataa lagaane yogya hotey hain. tritiyak suraksha upkaranon kaa pataa kewal jaari karane vaale pradhikaran dwara taba lagaaya jaa sakata haye jaba ack baink nott vaapas kiya jaataa haye.
god lena.
aadhunik bahulak banknotes koo pahali baar reserve baink off australia (aar. bee. aeye.) aur rashtramandal vaigyaanik aur audyogik anusandhaan sangathan yaa see. see. aar. oh. dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa aur pahali baar 1988 key dauran australia mein mudra key roop mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa, joe australia key dwishtabdi varsh key saath mell khaata thaa.
agast 2012 mein, nigeria key kendriya baink ney bahulak seey kagaj key noton mein vaapas jaane kaa prayaas karate hue kahaa kii "bahulak noton key prasanskaran aur vinash seey judee mahatvapurna kathinaaiyaan" theen, jinhone "pepper noton parr bahulak banknotes seey apekshit laabhon kii praapti koo baadhit kiya thaa. haalaanki, rashtrapati goodluck jonathan ney sitambar 2012 mein prakriya koo roque diyaa.
mauritious ganarajya mein bahulak nott, aur key moolyon mein upalabdh hain. fiji aprail 2013 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
united kingdam mein, pahale bahulak banknote 2000 mein uttari ireland mein uttari baink dwara jaari kiye gaye they; yeye antariksh yaan kii chhavi vaalaa ack vishesh smaarak mudda thaa. march 2015 mein, scotland mein clidesdale baink ney aage key pull key nirmaan kii 125 veen varshgaanth koo chihnit karate hue polymer sterling £5 nott jaari karna shuru kiya. yeye britten mein samanya prachalan mein pravesh karane vaale pahale bahulak nott they. scotland key shaahi baink ney 2016 mein plastic key £5 noton key ack nae ank key saath lekhak naan shaferred kii tasveer key saath chitran kiya. sitambar 2016 mein, baink off ingland ney winston churchill kii tasveer key saath 5 pound key polymer nott jaari karna shuru kiya; aur 2017 mein ack polymer £10 ney apane pepper samkaksh koo badalana shuru curr diyaa, jisamen lekhak jaine austen kii tasveer thee. 2020 mein jey kii tasveer key saath ack bahulak £20 jaari kiya gayaa thaa.aim.doubleu. turner. baink off ingland ney kahaa haye kii vaha antim nott, £50 koo ack bahulak nott mein badalane kii yojana banaa rhaa haye. halanki nae baink off ingland key nott puraane, kagji noton kii tulanaa mein 15 pratishat chhote honge, lekin unakaa design bhee isi tarah kaa hoga. britten key nakadi udyog mein kaam karane vaale kuchh vyavsaayon ney isaki shuruat key laagat prabhaav mein shodh kii kamee kaa hawala dete hue bahulak mein badalaav kaa virodh kiya haye.
phillippeans mein, 2009 mein phillippeans peso banknote key liye bahulak key upayog mein sthanantarit karane kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa thaa. desh key abaka udyog parr prabhaav padane kii chinta key kaaran yeh aage naheen badhaa. prastaav koo 2021 mein covid-19 mahamari key dauran punarjeevit kiya gayaa thaa kyonki polymer banknotes koo kagji banknotes kii tulanaa mein cumm nuksan key saath sanitise kiya jaa sakata haye, saath hii saath anya kaaran jaise kii sthaayitva, cumm ausat nirgam laagat aur jaalikaran kii cumm samvedansheelta. aprail 2022 mein, bangko cendral ng pilipinas ney aadhikarik taur parr 1000 peso bill polymer baink nott koo prachalan mein jaari kiya.