
purvi irani bhaashaaen

purvi irani bhaashaaen irani bhaashaon kaa ack upsamooh hain, joe madhya irani yug (eesaa poorv chauthi shatabdi seey 9veen shatabdi esvi) key dauran ubhari hain. avistan bhasha koo aksar praarambhik purvi irani key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye. madhya yug kii paschimi irani boliyon key vipareet, madhya yug kii purvi irani boliyaan shabd-antim aksharon koo sanrakshit karati hain.
sabse badee jeevit purvi irani bhasha pashto haye, jisamen afghanistan mein oxus nadee aur pakistan mein indus nadee key beach cumm seey cumm 4 karod bolane vaale hain. doosari sabse badee jeevit purvi irani bhasha osetic haye, jisamen lagbhag 600,000 ossetia (georgia aur roose key beach vibhajit) mein bolate hain. purvi irani upsamooh kii anya sabhi bhaashaon mein sanyukt roop seey 200,000 seey cumm bolane vaale hain.
adhikansh jeevit purvi irani bhaashaaen ack sannihit kshetra mein bolly jaati hainh dakshini aur purvi afghanistan aur paschimi pakistan key nikatvarti bhaag; purvi tajikistan mein badakhshan pahaadi swaayatt kshetra; aur paschimi chean mein shinziang uighur swaayatt kshetra key paschimi bhaag. vyaapak roop seey alag kshetron mein dou jeevit sadasya bhee hainh uttar-paschimi tajikistan kii yaghnobi bhasha (sogdian seey utari); aur coccus kii osetic bhasha (saitho-sarmatian seey utari). yeye ack vishal jaatiya-bhashai nirantarta key avashesh hain joe madhya asia key adhikansh hisson, coccus key kuchh hisson, purvi europe aur paschimi asia mein pahali sahasrabdi eesaa poorv mein faile hue hain-ack kshetra jise anyatha saithiya key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. purvi europe mein purvi irani nirantarta chauthi shatabdi esvi taka jaari rahee, jisamen skythian, arthaat sarmatian key uttaradhikari shamil they.
itihas.
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii paschimi irani, sambhavatah yaaj sanskriti mein honey vaale, avastaan key kuchh hii samay baad doosari sahasrabdi eesaa poorv key baad proto-irani seey alag hoe gayaa thaa. purvi irani ney bhee iska anusaran kiya aur andronovo kshitij key bheetar bolly jaane vaali proto-irani bhasha key sthaan parr vikasit huaa.
madhya asia mein yunani upasthiti key saath, inmein seey kuchh purvi bhaashaon koo unake madhya irani charan (isaliye "purvi" vargeekaran) mein darj kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki paschim mein kazakhstan seey pontic maidan taka faile saitho-sarmatian nirantarta kaa lagbhag koee record naheen bachaa haye. kuchh lekhakon koo lagata haye kii purvi irani logon kaa russie lock sanskriti parr prabhaav thaa.
arab vijayon key baad aur islami-arab shasson key dauran madhya farsi/daari oxus nadee kshetra, afghanistan aur khurasan key chaaron or fail gayaa. farsi bhasha likhane key liye pahalvi lipi koo arabi lipi seey badalana 9veen shatabdi key khorasana mein taahiridon dwara kiya gayaa thaa. farsi daari bhasha fail gaee aur bactrian aur khorezmian jaisi purvi irani bhaashaon key vilupt honey kaa kaaran bunny, jisamen kewal ack chhoti matra mein sogdian bhashi loga abb madhya asia kii farsi bhashi tajik aabaadi mein reh gaye, iss tathya key kaaran kii arab-islami senaa ney madhya asia parr aakraman kiya, jisamen kuchh farsi bhee shamil they joe baad mein samaneed kii tarah kshetra parr shasson karate they. samaniyon dwara farsi kii jadein madhya asia mein nihit theen.
vargeekaran.
purvi irani ack bolly key badey hisse mein aam navachar key adheen haye. paaramparik shaakhaaen, jaise "poorvottar", saath hii purvi irani swayam, aanuvanshik samoohon key bajaay bhasha kshetra maane jaate hain.
bhaashaaen iss prakaar hainh
avistan koo kabhi-kabhi purvi irani key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye, lekin 21veen shatabdi key vargeekaran mein ise ack shakha key liye naheen saunpa jaataa haye.
visheshataaen.
purvi irani kshetra vyaapak dhwani parivartanon seey prabhaavit huaa haye, jaise.jee. t̃ch> ts.
aavaaz kaa linition rook jaataa haye.
adhikansh purvi irani bhaashaon mein aam haye vishesh roop seey aavaaj key viram * bee, * dee, * jee kaa vyaapak linition. swaron key beach, inhen adhikansh paschimi irani bhaashaon mein bhee likhaa gayaa haye, lekin purvi irani mein, sarpilikaran bhee aam taur parr shabd-praarambhik sthiti mein hotaa haye. haalaanki yeh ghatana avastaan mein spasht naheen haye, aur ormuri-paraachi seey anupasthit rahati haye.
sarpil vyanjanon kii ack shrinkhala koo pahala charan maanaa jaa sakata haih * b> * β, * d> * δ, * g> * γ. aavaaz vaale weller fricative koo jyaadaatar sanrakshit kiya gayaa haye. labial sadasya koo bhee achchi tarah seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa haye, lekin adhikansh bhaashaon mein ack aavaaz vaale bilabial fricative seey aavaaz vaale labiodental fricative mein sthanantarit hoe gayaa haye. dunt sadasya sabse asthir saabit huaa haih jabaki ack mukhar dunt fricative kuchh pamir bhaashaon mein sanrakshit haye, yeh ee mein haye.jee. pashto aur munji aage badh gaye. doosari or, yaghnobi aur osetian mein, vikas ulat gayaa prateet hotaa haye, jisase ack aavaaz bund honey kii punaravritti hoti haye. (donon bhaashaaen pahale bhee sthanantarit hoe chuki hain * θ>.)
vyanjan samooh * phut aur * xt koo bhee vyaapak roop seey cumm kiya gayaa haye, halanki phir seey ormuri-paraachi aur sambhavatah yaghnobi koo chhodkar.
baahari prabhaav.
padosi indo-aryan bhaashaon ney nikatatam padosi purvi irani parr vyaapak baahari prabhaav daala haye, kyonki yeh retroflex vyanjanon (pashto, vaakhi, sanglechi, khotani aadi mein) mein vikas mein spasht haye.) aur aspirates (khotani, paraachi aur ormuri mein). ack adhik sthaaniyakrit dhwani parivartan poorv retroflex fricative "shh", "x" yaa "x" kaa samarthan haye, joe shughani-yajgulyam shakha aur pashto kii kuchh boliyon mein paaya jaataa haye. ee.jee. "maans": vaakhi mein "γushh" aur dakshini pashto mein "γwashh", lekin madhya aur uttari pashto mein "γwax", shughani mein badal jaataa haye.