
mahatvapurna shikshashastra

mahatvapurna shikshashastra shiksha key liye ack pathyakram drishtikon haye joe mahatvapurna shikshashastra aur sthaan-adharit shiksha koo jodata haye. yeh sthaan-adharit aur bhoomi-adharit shiksha (donon koo badey paimaane parr paryaavaran shiksha kii chhatrachhaaya mein maanaa jaataa haye) key prati ack drishtikon aur drishtikon key roop mein shuru huaa, jisane sthaan-adharit shiksha key aupaniveshik aakhyanon key adrishya samarthan aur bhoomi key saath prabhutvapurna sambandhon kii aalochana kii. vidvaanon ney sthaan-adharit shiksha kii aalochana karate hue mukhya roop seey pathyakram mein swadeshi (aur anya haashiye parr) aavaajon koo phir seey kendrit karane parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein, see.aeye. dhanushakaron ney ack mahatvapurna shikshashastra kii vakaalat kii joe saanskritik aur paaristhitik pranaliyon mein hamaare samanjasya koo sweekaar kartaa haye, aur isake parinamswarup schooly pathyakram mein isaki aavashyakta koo sweekaar kartaa haye. 2003 mein, david aeye. greenwod (poorv mein grunewald) ney "mahatvapurna shikshashastra" shabd koo pesh kiya aur paribhaashit kiya."usake baad key varshon mein, sthaan key mahatvapurna shikshashastra key samanya vichaaron koo sthaan-adharit, bhoomi-adharit aur paryaavaran shiksha key kaee vidvaanon kii aalochanaon mein shamil kiya gayaa haye.
poorvavarti.
swadeshi aur bhoomi-adharit drishtikon.
mahatvapurna shikshashastra key kendra mein yeh aalochana haye kii bhoomi-adharit shiksha aur sthaan-adharit shiksha ney mool nivaasiyon key aakhyanon koo kaafee hudd taka nazarandaj curr diyaa haye aur manushyon koo mukhya roop seey prakriti seey alag maanaa gayaa haye. udaaharan key liye, paryaavaran nayakon kii kahaaniyan jaise kii grizzly maine aur "intu dha wild" mukhya charitra, criss, prakriti koo door karane yaa jeetane key prayaas mein manushyon parr kendrit haye. vishesh roop seey swadeshi drishtikon parr dhyaan kendrit karane vaale vidvaanon kaa tark haye kii bhoomi-adharit shiksha aur sthaan-adharit shiksha koo swadeshi vichardharaon parr adhik poori tarah seey vichaar karna chaahiye joe manushyon koo prakriti key hisse key roop mein shamil karati hain. aisaa karane key liye, sthaan aur bhoomi-adharit shiksha key bheetar nihit aupaniveshik nirmaanon koo nasht kiya jaanaa chaahiye. vishesh roop seey, gair-swadeshi logon dwara basey kshetron parr kendrit bhoomi aur sthaan-shiksha koo bhoomi key upaniveshvaad koo behtar dhang seey shamil karane aur behtar kendra swadeshi kathaaon key liye kaam karane kii aavashyakta haye. iss prakriya koo aadhunik sandarbhon mein basane vaale aupaniveshik akhyan koo baadhit karane parr dhyaan kendrit karke, pathyakram mein bhoomi aur swadeshi brahmand parr vichaar karke, aur sthaanon key namkaran key mahatva aur swadeshi logon key bhoomi adhikaaron koo pahchankar sabse achchi tarah seey sugam banaaya jaa sakata haye.
calderon kaa tark haye kii, swadeshi aakhyanon dwara soochit sthaan kii bhavna koo shamil karna, basane vaale upaniveshvaad koo dikhaai detaa haye. parinami shaikshanik shodh ney inn saiddhaantik aadharon koo vibhinn tarikon seey sachitra kiya haye. sabse pahale, vidvaanon ney itihas mein upaniveshvaad key maarg aur haashiye parr padey samoohon parr isake parinamswarup padane vaale prabhaavon koo maanchitrit karane key liye kaam kiya haye, iss prakaar yeh dikhaai detaa haye. mccoy ney virginia mein prakat niyati vichardhara key uday kaa naksha banaane key liye kaam kiya. paperson aur saito donon ney haashiye parr padey samoohon kii kahaaniyon kaa maanchitran karke basane vaale upaniveshvaad kaa vishleshan kiya, iss prakaar kathaa itihas koo phir seey kendrit kiya.
doosara, vidvaanon ney yeh spasht karane key liye kaam kiya haye kii kaise bhoomi aur sthaan-adharit shiksha mein nihit upaniveshvaad koo samaapt karane seey paryaavaran shiksha kii prabhavsheelta mein sudhaar hoe sakata haye. 2014 mein, whitehouse aur anya. australiyai paryaavaran shiksha kii jaanch kii aur pradarshit kiya kii kaise karyakram donon upaniveshvaadi aadarshon koo dhaaran kartaa haye aur adiwasi gyaan key aadhar koo shamil kartaa haye. meyer ney 2014 mein bhee havaiyan paryaavaran shiksha karyakram key saath isi tarah kaa adhyayan kiya jisamen sthaaniya swadeshi drishtikon shamil they. baing aitt all., yuu. mein mool amerikiyon key saath unake kaam mein.aiss., ney varnan kiya kii kaise ack mahatvapurna bhoomi-adharit pariprekshya haashiye parr padey logon key liye paryaavaran shiksha koo kendrit curr sakata haye. african samudaayon key drishtikon seey kaam karna, mauro aur anya. yeh varnan kartaa haye kii kaise ack sthaaniya-kendrit drishtikon adhik prabhaavshaali shaikshik anubhav paida curr sakata haye.
see.aeye. dhanush.
aalochana kii usee parampara mein kaam karna, see.aeye. dhanushakar paaristhitik pranali key bheetar manushyon key samavesh parr jagah key mahatvapurna shikshashastra parr dhyaan kendrit karate hain. boers kaa tark haye kii humm paryaavaran shiksha key prayason koo vyakti parr adharit naheen curr sakate kyonki humm sanskriti key bheetar nihit hain, joe badale mein paaristhitiki tantra key bheetar nihit haye. isaliye, humm anivarya roop seey usa sanskriti seey prabhaavit hain jisake madhyam seey humm duniya koo dekhate hain-humm duniya koo apani avachetan saanskritik aadton key madhyam seey dekhate hain. bhoomi aur sthaan adharit shiksha key sambandh mein, iska matlab haye kii way ack paschimi parampara seey paida hue hain, jisamen kaee sthaaniya, swadeshi sanskritiyon key vipareet aadarsh hain. yeh ack shaikshik drishtikon sthaapit kartaa haye joe prakriti key virodh mein haye aur isake bajaay samudaay parr maudrik laabh parr dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye. isake parinamswarup humm paaristhitik sankat aur antar-peedhigat sthaaniya gyaan donon koo nazarandaj curr dete hain joe hamein ise hull karane mein madad curr sakate hain.
baad mein unhein david aeye koo jawab denaa thaa. greenwod kaa sthaan kii ack mahatvapurna shikshashastra kaa siddhant (neeche dekhein) yeh tark dekar kii sthaan kii ack mahatvapurna shikshashastra, rikt sthaan koo upanivesh seey mukt karane key prayaas mein, vaastav mein usee (saarvbhaumik) dhaaranaon koo kootbaddh karati haye joe hamaare upabhokta-nirbhar duniya koo bhee gherati haye. yeh saanskritik roop seey vishisht nivaas key lambe itihas koo nazarandaj kartaa haye. unakaa kahana haye kii upaniveshvaad kaa vichaar ack saarvbhaumik vichaar haye joe sthaan-adharit shiksha mein nihit sthaaniya aur sthaan-vishisht gyaan key siddhanton key pratyaksh virodh mein haih doharaane key liye, mukhya kaaran yeh haye kii sthaan kii ack mahatvapurna shikshashastra ack oxymoron haye, jisamen amoort siddhanton sahit amurtata parr bharosa karane kii bhashai parampara haye, joe samaan roop seey lii gaee kaee maanyataon koo encode karati haye joe saarvbhaumik upaniveshvaad key vichaar aur paschim kii upabhokta nirbhar jeevan shally koo saarvbhaumik banaane key liye bajar key udaarpanthiyon key prayason donon koo rekhaankit karati haye, joe samudaayon mein abhee bhee maujood nivaas kii antar-peedhigat paramparaon koo dhyaan mein rakhane mein whiffle rahati haye. sthaanon kaa ack lamba aur saanskritik roop seey vividh itihas haye, jabaki ack mahatvapurna shikshashastra kii bhasha kaa ack vishisht itihas haye joe una vividh tarikon kii andekhi karane kii parampara koo aage badhaata haye jinamen adhik paaristhitik roop seey kendrit sanskritiyon aur samudayik prathaon ney lambe samay taka rahane mein yogdan diyaa haye.
david aeye. greenwod.
david aeye. greenwod mahatvapurna shikshashastra kaa laabh uthaane vaale pahale vidwan hain. way likhate hain kii mahatvapurna shikshashastra chunautipurna "dhaaranaon, prathaon aur parinamon koo pramukh sanskriti aur paaramparik shiksha mein halke mein lene" parr mahatvapurna shikshashastra key jore koo jodata haye, jisamen sthaan-adharit shiksha kaa dhyaan chhatron koo nagrik banane mein madad karane parr kendrit haye joe unake karyon koo samajhate hain "joe samajik aur paaristhitik sthaanon key kalyan parr kuchh seedha prabhaav daal sakata haye jahaan loga vaastav mein rahate hain."
greenwod kaa tark haye kii, chhatron kii jagrukta aur shakti sanrachanaon kii chetna koo badhaane kii prakriya mein, mahatvapurna shikshashastra aksar iss vichaar kii upeksha kartaa haye kii "maanav sanskriti paaristhitiki pranaliyon mein hamesha nihit rahee haye, haye aur rahegi. utpeedit samoohon parr dhyaan kendrit karane key kaaran, mahatvapurna shikshashastra mukhya roop seey samajik aur shahari sandarbhon parr kendrit haye. jabaki chetna badhaane parr yeh jore parivartan key maarg key roop mein mahatvapurna haye, greenwod kaa tark haye kii ise sthaan-adharit shiksha key saath santulit karane kii aavashyakta haye, joe pratyaksh samajik aur paaristhitik sthaanon parr jore detaa haye jisamen chhaatr vaastav mein apana jeevan jeete hain. iss prakaar, vaha ack sthaan key roop mein shahari kii bhavna parr jore dete hain, ack avadharana joe pahale mahatvapurna shikshashastra seey gayab thee. unakaa tark haye kii mahatvapurna shikshashastra koo vaastavik roop dene key liye, humm yeh naheen bhool sakate kii shahari kshetra bhee mahatvapurna shikshashastra kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye.
haalaanki, jagah-adharit shiksha kii aksar ack majboot saiddhaantik aadhar naa honey key liye aalochana kii jaati haye. vidwan sthaaniya sthaan key baare mein padhaane key uddeshya parr sawal uthaate hain-yeh vaastav mein chhatron key liye kyaa hassil kartaa haye? isaliye, badale mein, mahatvapurna shikshashastra mahatvapurna siddhant mein nihit apane mahatvapurna itihas key saath sthaan-adharit shiksha koo ack samriddh saiddhaantik aadhar pradaan kartaa haye. greenwod kaa sujhaav haye kii samajik parivartan key lakshyon key saath ack pathyakram key roop mein, yeh naitik aadhar aavashyak haye.
inn dou shikshashastron key sanyojan key parinamswarup, greenwod sthaan key mahatvapurna shikshashastra key liye dou lakshyon kaa sujhaav detaa haih upaniveshvaad aur punarsthaapan. kissy sthaan koo upanivesh seey mukt karane key liye, greenwod kaa sujhaav haye kii hamein "anya logon aur sthaanon koo chot pahunchaane aur unakaa shoshan karane key baare mein sochane key tarikon kii pehchaan karni chaahiye aur unhein badalana chaahiye" (6). shikshak chhatron koo pramukh aakhyanon koo seekhane mein madad karke aur isake bajaay duniya mein rahane key adhik samajik roop seey nyaaypurna aur tikaau tarikon key baare mein seekhakar iss prakriya koo shuru curr sakate hain. iska arth gair-pramukh saanskritik pattern aur paramparaon koo phir seey majboot karna bhee haye. punarsthaapan seey, greenwod kaa arth haye kii ack mahatvapurna shikshashastra mein chhatron koo samajik aur paaristhitik donon tarah key aitihaasik shoshan koo sahan karane vaale sthaan mein rahane kaa tarika sikhana chaahiye. aisaa karane key liye, chhatron koo yeh samajhana shuru karna chaahiye kii kaise "achchi tarah seey rehna" bhaugolik aur saanskritik roop seey alag haye, jabaki saath hii yeh samajhana shuru karna chaahiye kii vaishvik samaaj mein kitni vividh sanskritiyaan rahati hain. taba, chhaatr yeh samajhana shuru curr denge kii adhik paaristhitik roop seey tikaau samudaayon koo badhaava dene key liye kiss saanskritik pattern koo sanrakshit yaa parivartit kiya jaanaa chaahiye."
yeye dou lakshya sthaan-adharit aur mahatvapurna shikshashastra donon shikshakon koo chunauti dete hain kii way "apane siddhant, poochtaachh aur abhyaas key dayare kaa vistaar karein taaki hamaare apane aur dusaron key nivaas key samajik aur paaristhitik sandarbhon koo shamil kiya jaa sakey.yeh jore ack aisee shikshashastra kaa nirmaan kartaa haye joe paaristhitik aur samajik parivartan donon key liye abhyaas kaa sthaan haye.
vartamaan drishtikon.
uttar-aadhunik dishaaen.
iss kshetra mein haal kii vidvata ney sthaan kii ack mahatvapurna shikshashastra parr ack uttar-aadhunik pariprekshya liya haye, jisamen samajik kalpanaon key parivartan kaa ahwan kiya gayaa haye joe naa kewal manushyon aur prakriti key beach sambandhon koo behtar dhang seey jatil banaata haye, balki duniya key bahulvaadi drishtikon parr bhee dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye. isamen ack saarvbhaumik shikshashastra key bajaay prativartaniya honey aur sthaaniya roop seey rakshaatmak shikshashastra banaane kii aavashyakta badh jaati haye, joe sthaaniya samudaayon key liye punah sthaapit karane key liye paryaapt lachila naheen haye. mckenzie kaa tark haye kii yeh antarvyakti, yaa vyaktigat aur samudaay-adharit, shiksha key anubhavon parr dhyaan kendrit karane key saath shuru hotaa haye, jitna kii samvedi yaa vichaar-adharit anubhav.
greenwod kaa samavesh.
greenwod key vichaaron koo paryaavaran shiksha parr anusandhaan mein shamil kiya gayaa haye, saath hii saath anya mahatvapurna shiksha drishtikonon parr bhee lagu kiya gayaa haye. kaira ney 2015 mein greenwod key maargdarshak prashnon kaa upayog kiya kii 'yahaan kyaa huaa?'abb yahaan kyaa hoe rhaa haye aur yeh jagah kiss disha mein jaa rahee haye?'aur' yahaan kyaa honah chaahiye?'paryaavaran shiksha key liye ack african-kendrit drishtikon kii jaanch karna. maydon ney swadeshi shiksha key liye shaikshanik maargon kaa sujhaav dene key liye pathyakram drishtikon greenwod ruprekha kaa upayog kiya. barnhart alaska mein swadeshi gyaan key saath isi tarah kaa anveshan kartaa haye. siddhant banaane key liye kaam karna, utsaah aur anya. aur mcinerny aur anya. sthaan key paimaane aur sthaan key mahatvapurna shikshashastra mein sthaan aur pehchaan kaise paraspar kriya karate hain, isaki jaanch kii. chikitsakon koo likhate hue, martuseviz ney ack pustak likhi, "paryaavaran nyaay shikshaah vividh, loktaantrik aur tikaau samudaayon kii or" joe greenwod key siddhanton koo vyavhaar mein lagu karane key vyaavhaarik udaaharan detee haye. chinn shikshashastra koo upanivesh seey mukt karane key uddeshya seey ack shikshak prashikshan koo design karane key liye greenwod key vichaaron kaa upayog kartaa haye.
greenwod key siddhanton koo anya shiksha drishtikonon (praarambhik bachpan pathyakram, kalaa shiksha, samajik adhyayan aur vaishvikaran) parr bhee lagu kiya gayaa haye.
kaksha vigyaan shiksha.
bhoomi aur sthaan adharit shiksha kii samasya haal hii mein schools mein vigyaan shiksha kii ack mahatvapurna pariksha mein sthanantarit hoe gaee haye. iss aadhar seey shuru karate hue kii gyanmimansa sambandhi abhivinyas smriti sangathan, paaristhitik tark aur prakriti mein manushyon kii dhaaranaon koo prabhaavit karate hain, baing aur unake sahyogiyon ney pariksha kii kii chhaatr samudaay-adharit vigyaan shiksha mein kaee vishvaason koo kaise navigate karate hain. sabse pahale, unhone menaumi mool americi bachchon aur europeeya americi bachchon key beach key antar kii jaanch kii aur paaya kii menaumi bachchon mein paaristhitik sambandhon aur prakriti key saath nikatata kaa ullekh karane kii adhik sambhavana thee, aur jaanvaron kii nakal karane kii adhik sambhavana thee. iss jaankaari kaa upayog karate hue, unhone pathyakram koo jaanane key kaee tarikon koo shamil karane key liye phir seey kendrit kiya aur ack vigyaan pathyakram taiyar kiya joe samudaay kii kaee indriyon parr nirbhar thaa, ghaate kii soch koo aswikar curr diyaa, visham bhavna-nirmaan kaa jashn manaaya aur prakriti kii vistaarit paribhashaon koo shamil kiya. karyakram kii pariksha ney shodhkartaon koo yeh sujhaav dene key liye prerit kiya kii vigyaan mein drishtikon kii vividhata honey seey adhik prabhaavi vigyaan shiksha mein parinam milata haye.

