
utsaahi aakraman key liye wehrmatch senaayen

paschimi morche parr paschimi sahyogiyon seey ladane key pichhale paanch maheenon key dauran khoye hue sainikon koo badalane key liye 16 aur 60 varsh kii ayu key beach german purushon koo lakshit karane vaale german bharti prayaas kaa utpaad utsaahi aakraman key liye wehrmatch balon they. halanki wehrmatch (german sashastr bull) seagfried rekha key saath sahayogi balon koo niyantrit curr rhaa thaa, abhiyaan mein wehrmatch koo lagbhag 750,000 hatahaton kii laagat aaee thee, joe jyaadaatar aparivartaniya thee. haalaanki, agast aur sitambar mein operation overlord key baad sahayogi senaaon kii teji seey pragati ney sahyogiyon key liye aapoorti kii samasya paida curr dee thee. octuber taka, paschimi sahyogiyon key teen senaa samoohon kii pragati kaafee dheemi hoe gaee thee, jisase germans koo aanshik roop seey apani taakat kaa punarnirmaan karane aur germany kii raksha key liye taiyar honey mein madad millie thee. adolph hitler ney faisala kiya kii apani kismat koo ulatane kaa ekmatra tarika paschimi morche parr jawabi hamla karna hoga, jisase sanyukt raajya america aur grate britten donon koo jaldi shaanti key liye majboor honah hoga, aur wehrmatch koo apani senaa koo purvi morche parr sthanantarit karane kii anumati dee jaayegi, jahaan yeh bahut badee soviyat laal senaa koo haraa sakata thaa.
hitler ney aakraman key liye teen feeled senaaon koo nirdhaarit kiyaah 7veen aur paanchvin aur chhathi panger. yeye 240,000 seey adhik sainikon koo ikattha karate they, joe saat panger divisions, dou panger brigedon aur terah paidal senaa divisions mein faile hue they. aakramak kii bakhtarband taakat kaa badaa hissa chhathi panger senaa mein thaa, jise belgian bandargah entwerp parr kabja karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. isake dakshin mein paanchvin panger senaa thee, joe chhathe hisse kii raksha key liye taiyar thee, jabaki yeh meuse nadee koo paar karati thee. sabse dakshini paarshv koo saatvin senaa dwara cover kiya gayaa thaa, joe teen paidal senaa core seey banaa thaa aur paanchvin senaa key dakshini paarshv kii raksha karane aur luxemberg mein americi bhandar koo baandhane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa.
inn teen senaaon key alawa wehrmatch ney aakramak kii sahaayata key liye dou vishesh ikaaiyon koo bhee taiyar kiya. inmein seey ack batalian key aakar kaa vayu-chaalit gathan thaa jise aakraman key pahale dinn key dauran americi rekhaaon key peechhe chhodane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa, jisase chhathe panger senaa seey ack panger division koo meuse key paar aasaan pahunch millie. doosari ikai ack panger brigade thee, joe americi vardi pahane dushman kii rekhaaon key peechhe jaane kaa irada rakhti thee taaki way jhoothe adesh dey sakein aur ordense mein americi rakshakon key beach bhram faila sakein. aakraman key liye lagbhag 800 vimaan bhee nirdhaarit kiye gaye they, jinhen german balon koo havaai sahaayata pradaan karane aur bhoomi parr sambaddh vayu shakti key adhikansh hisse koo nasht karane key liye luftwafe (german vayu senaa) dwara tainaat kiya gayaa thaa.
inn balon koo taiyar karane key liye obercomando dair wehermacht (german uchch kamaan) ney coll-upp ayu seema koo badhaaya aur german balon dwara niyantrit purvi europeeya deshon seey bharti kii, jisase paschimi morche parr maanav shakti lagbhag 400,000 seey badhkar duss laakh seey adhik hoe gaee. jaldbaji mein nae divisions mein sangathit, inn paidal sainikon key paas prashikshan aur kabhi-kabhi hathiyaron kii bhee kamee thee. aakramak key liye aavashyak bhandar banaane key liye teevra sahayogi bambari key bavjood, jawabi hamale kii nirdhaarit tarikh taka eendhan, golaa-barud, hathiyaron aur shramshakti kii kamee thee. yahaan taka kii kuleen waffen-aiss. aiss. prabhagon mein bhee aksar maanav shakti kii kamee thee.
prishthabhoomi.
1 disambar 1944 taka, morche kaa ekmatra kshetra jahaan paschimi sahayogi aakramak naheen they, ugra logon key saath thaa. julaai 1944 key anta mein, normandy mein ladaai mein sahayogi bull operation kobra mein normandy beachhead seey baahar nikalane mein saksham they, jisase german balon koo poorv kii or peechhe hatane key liye majboor honah padaa. general dwite dee. paschimi morche parr sarvocch sahayogi commander eisenhower ney normandy mein german senaa koo gherne key avsar kaa upayog kiya. apane durbhagya koo ulatane key prayaas mein, wehrmatch ney 7 agast koo mortain shahar key aspas operation luttich shuru kiya. yuu key madhyam seey todane key prayason key bavjood.aiss. uttari france mein sahayogi balon koo kaatane key liye 30veen paidal senaa division, 13 agast taka yeh spasht thaa kii aakraman whiffle hoe gayaa thaa. jaba yuddh mrityu key aspas ugra thaa, taba bhee sahayogi senaaon ney normandy mein wehrmatch koo gherna jaari rakhaa, jise 20 agast koo falais pockett key roop mein jaanaa jaayega; gherabandi kii keemat germans koo anumaanit 10,000 mrit aur anya 50,000 ghayal hue. haalaanki bahut badee sankhya mein german sanic poorv kii or bhaagne mein saksham they, lekin unhein apane bhaari hathiyaron aur upkaranon koo peechhe chhodane key liye majboor honah padaa. peris koo 25 agast 1944 koo mukt kiya gayaa thaa, joe operation overlord key anta koo chihnit kartaa haye.
lagbhag turant, seane nadee key paar sambaddh abhiyaan jaari rhaa, halanki wehrmatch ack poorna maarg koo rokane mein saksham thaa; germans key anusaar, jaba way seane seey peechhe hutt gaye tou upkaran utane hii aapada key samaan they jitna kii falais pockett. feeled marshel walter model, jinhone asthaayi roop seey france mein german sainikon key commander key roop mein gurd wonn rundstead koo badal diyaa thaa, ney bataaya kii kuchh panger divisions mein kewal paanch seey duss parichaalan tank they, jabaki vaha paschimi sahyogiyon kii gatishilata koo apane kharaab susajjit paidal senaa divisions key saath mell naheen khaa sakey. sitambar kii shuruat taka, jaise hii sahyogiyon ney german seema kii or dhakka diyaa, model ney ganana kii kii unake niptan mein 74 divisions kii vaastavik taakat 25 seey adhik naheen thee. paschim mein german rekhaaon koo sthir karane key prayaas mein, wonn rundstead koo 7 sitambar 1944 koo commander-inn-cheef paschim key roop mein phir seey niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. sitambar kii shuruat mein belgium seema key paas pahunchane parr sahayogi aakraman ack peesane vaale padaav parr aaa gayaa, kyonki isaki aapoorti rekhaaen aage badhane kii gati koo banaae rakhane key liye sangharsh curr rahee theen. udaaharan key liye, 2 sitambar koo, leftinent general george patton kaa yuu.aiss. teesari senaa ney petrol kaa anurodh kiya aur praapt kiya.
wehrmatch ney sigfried line key roop mein jaane jaane vaale ack rakshaatmak morche key saath khud koo punargathit karna shuru curr diyaa. eisenhower ney mahsoos kiya kii vaha europe mein aapoorti koo utaarane key liye entwerp kaa upayog karke aapoorti samasya koo door curr sakata haye; haalaanki, german sainikon ney yojnabaddh muhaane koo pakad liya aur parinamswarup sambaddh shipping belgium bandargah shahar taka naheen pahunch sakee. yojana key muhaane koo kholane key prayaas mein, eisenhower ney feeled marshel bernard montgomeri key operation market garden koo manjuri dee, jise 17 sitambar koo launch kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, 21 sitambar taka operation dakshini neetherland seey german rakshakon koo hataane aur samudri maarg koo antiwerp key liye kholane mein whiffle rhaa thaa; aapoorti samasya sabse kharaab sthiti mein thee.
apani taakat key punarnirmaan key avsar kaa upayog karate hue, paschimi morche key liye nae upkaranon kii prathamikta key bavjood, paschim mein german senaa sitambar key anta taka lagbhag 500 tankon aur assault gunn kii taakat jamaa karane mein saksham thee. yeh pahale upalabdh anumaanit 100 key bilkul vipareet thaa. siegfried rekha key saath german raksha majboot hoti rahee, aur wehrmatch ausat kii ack rakshaatmak gaharaai sthaapit karane mein saksham thee, jisamen patton kii teesari senaa key vipareet sabse majboot raksha banaai gaee thee.
germany key punargathan key bavjood, unaki shram shakti abhee bhee paschimi sahyogiyon kii tulanaa mein atulaniya thee. jabaki germany kaa senaa samooh bee apani bakhtarband taakat koo 100 seey badhaakar 239 karane mein saksham thaa, inca 2,300 sahayogi tankon dwara virodh kiya gayaa thaa. feeled marshel model ney bataaya kii sitambar key maheene key dauran hue 75,000 hatahaton koo cover karane key liye kewal 6,500 pratisthaapan bheje gaye they. general eisenhower ney teen senaa samoohon kii kamaan sambhali, kull aathh feeled senaaon key saath 55 divisions key saath; yeye topkhaane kii bandookon mein dou-seey-ack laabh aur tankon mein bees-seey-ack laabh pradaan karate they, aur looftwaff key 573 kii tulanaa mein lagbhag 14,000 ladaakoo vimaanon parr bharosa curr sakate they.
siegfried rekha key saath yuddh.
patton kii teesari senaa koo metz aur lorren parr kabja karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa; unaki pahali baadha fort drient thee, jise 1902 mein banaaya gayaa thaa aur francisi aur german donon dwara varshon mein sudhaar kiya gayaa thaa. kewal ack chhoti see senaa kii ummeed mein, teesari senaa ney 27 sitambar 1944 koo apana hamla shuru kiya. bhaari havaai aur topkhaane kii bambari key bavjood, vishal kille koo koee saraahaniya nuksan naheen huaa. 27 sitambar aur 11 octuber key beach kiye gaye kaee jamini hamale kille koo lene mein whiffle rahey, aur antatah general patton koo hamale koo bund karane aur metz key liye ack aur maarg khojane key liye majboor honah padaa. patton dwara safaltapurvak metz aur sookhe key aspas key adhikansh kilon koo lene key baad taka kilaa sookha naheen giraa. metz key aspas teesari senaa kii ladaai mein anumaanit 47,000 americi hataahat hue they. yeh iss tathya mein parilakshit huaa kii agast mein teesari senaa aage badhee thee, lekin yeh kewal sitambar aur disambar 1944 key beach aage badhee thee.
256, 300 aadami majboot yuu.aiss. general courtney hodge kii kamaan vaali pahali senaa koo rur nadee taka pahunchane key liye aachen key kshetra key aspas kii sigfried rekha koo todane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. halanki pahali senaa ney sitambar kii shuruat mein aachen key aspas key kshetra koo gherna shuru curr diyaa thaa, lekin aachen kii ladaai 21 octuber taka samaapt naheen hui thee. shahar mein lagbhag 3,000 amerikiyon kii maut hui, lekin isane rood kaa raasta khol diyaa thaa. hatahaton key honey key bavjood jameen parr praapt nuksan tulanaatmak roop seey bekaar thaa, aur aachen key liye ladaai ney german haar koo aur karib naheen laaya thaa.
germans koo bhee bhaari hatahaton kaa saamana karna padaa thaa; udaaharan key liye, 116vein panger division ney yuu koo todane key anginat prayason key baad apani aakramak kshamataon koo khou diyaa thaa.aiss. pahali senaa ney aachen koo gher liya. isane americi aur british commanders koo suraksha kii jhoothi bhavna dee, yeh maanate hue kii wehrmatch mein jawabi hamla karane kii taakat naheen thee. german sashastr balon kii sthiti aur rudd kii or dhakelane kii unaki aavashyakta parr unake drishtikon koo dekhate hue, pahali senaa ney german balon koo heartgen jangal seey baahar nikaalane kaa faisala kiya-belgium-german seema parr sthit-baandhon kii ack shrinkhala lene key prayaas mein jiska upayog germans dwara neeche kii ghaati mein baadh laane key liye kiya jaa sakata thaa.
heartgen vann kii ladaai 19 sitambar koo teesare bakhtarband aur 9vein paidal senaa divisions key hamale key saath shuru hui. yuddh jaldi hii sangharsh mein badal gayaa; octuber key madhya taka dou sahayogi prabhagon ney apani kull yuddh shakti kaa lagbhag 80 pratishat, yaa lagbhag 4,500 purushon koo khou diyaa thaa, jabaki german 2 navambar koo yuu. aiss. mein 3,300 key karib haar gaye they.aiss. 28veen paidal senaa division ney ladaai mein pravesh kiya, lekin aage badhane mein saksham naheen thaa aur 5 seey 7 navambar key beach german jawabi hamalon key khilaf khud koo bachaane key liye majboor thaa. 28vein paidal senaa division ney heartgen mein 6,100 seey adhik yuddh hatahaton koo khou diyaa.
german haathon seey heartgen koo pakadane mein asamarth, amerikiyon ney chauthe paidal senaa division koo yuddh mein bheja aur 7 navambar seey 3 disambar key beach iss division ney 7,000 seey adhik karmiyon koo khou diyaa. 8vein paidal senaa division koo hamale mein fenkane key baad yeh heartgen shahar parr kabja karane mein saksham thaa, lekin hatahaton kii sankhya koo dekhate hue adhik aage naheen badh sakaa. kull milakar, americi balon koo 24,000 yuddh hatahaton kaa saamana karna padaa aur way apane mool uddeshyon, baandhon taka pahunchane mein whiffle rahey.
germans koo bhee bhaari nuksan huaa; 47vein panger core ney yuddh mein apane antim bhandar koo pratibaddh kiya thaa aur apani rakshaatmak rekha koo banaae rakhane kaa jokhim shayed hii uthaa sakey, jabaki 47vein wolksgrenadier division koo ladaai key dauran 4,300 seey adhik hatahaton kaa saamana karna padaa thaa aur 340vein division ney lagbhag 2,000 sainikon koo khou diyaa thaa. iss baad key division koo 363 vein wolksgrenadier aur 10 vein aiss. aiss. panger divisions dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki 340 vein koo punarnirmit karane key liye baahar nikala gayaa thaa.
jabaki sahayogi senaaon ney sitambar aur navambar 1944 key beach apani dheemi poorv kii or kii drive jaari rakhee, germans ney jawabi kaarravaai key liye taiyari kii. german netaa adolph hitler kaa maanana thaa kii paschim mein ack aakraman shuru karke vaha sanyukt raajya america aur grate britten koo jaldi shaanti key liye majboor curr sakata haye, aur iss tarah wehrmatch kii poori tarah seey purvi morche parr sthanantarit curr sakata haye, jahaan vaha soviyat aakraman koo ack thaharaav parr laa sakata haye aur ise haraa sakata haye.
paschimi sahyogiyon key khilaf ack german jeet soviyat sangh key khilaf jeet kii tulanaa mein adhik badee hogi. general alfred jodal key anusaar, "rusiyon key paas itane saare sanic they kii aggar humm tees divisions koo nasht karane mein safal bhee hoe jaate tou isase koee fark naheen padata. doosari or, aggar humm paschim mein tees divisions koo nasht curr dete hain, tou yeh poori aakraman senaa key ack tihai seey adhik hoga."hitler kaa maanana thaa kii paschim mein nishkriyata kewal ack apariharya german haar mein samaapt hogi. unaki buniyaadi yojana mein paschimi sahyogiyon koo ack mahatvapurna bandargah seey vanchit karane key liye meuse nadee koo paar karane aur entwerp parr kabja karane key antim kaary key saath ordeness vann key halke seey sanrakshit kshetra key saath ack subah kii safalata shamil thee.
wehermacht swabhaav.
disambar 1944 taka, lagaatar paschimi sahayogi hamalon key khilaf bachaav karane vaali german senaaon koo chaar alag-alag senaa samoohon mein sangathit kiya gayaa thaa; teen (senaa samooh aich, bee. aur jee) feeled marshel wonn rundstead kii kamaan key tahat gir gayaa, jabaki chautha (senaa samooh "öberrhein") heinrich himler kii kamaan key tahat gir gayaa. senaa samooh aich, jisamen panchishavin aur pahali parachute senaayen theen, kii kamaan luftwafe curnell general curt chhaatr ney sambhali thee, jabaki unake dakshin mein senaa samooh bee, jisamen pandrahvaan, chhathaa panger, paanchvaan panger aur saatvin senaayen theen. chhathi aur paanchvin panger senaaon key saath-saath saatvin senaa koo agami ugra aakraman mein bhaag lene key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. model kaa dakshini bhaag senaa samooh jee dwara sanrakshit thaa, jisaki kamaan general harman balk ney sambhali thee, joe german pahali senaa seey banaa thaa. kull milakar, hamale mein tees prabhaag shamil honge, jinamen baarah panger prabhaag shamil hain-lagbhag 240,000 purush.
aakramak kaa mukhya prayaas chhathi panger senaa seey aayega, jisaki kamaan aiss. aiss. general sape dietrich dwara kii jaayegi. chhathe panger senaa kaa mool, joe chaar shutzstaffel (ss) panger divisions seey banaa thaa, yuddh seey jaldi vaapas leey liya gayaa thaa aur aaraam aur refit kii avadhi seey gujar gayaa thaa, navambar kii shuruat mein saamane kii or phir seey tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. yeh senaa aaee aiss aiss panger core seey bunny thee, jisaki kamaan general harman price ney sambhali thee; iss core mein 1st ss panger division leibstandart aiss aiss adolph hitler, 12th ss panger division hittlerjugend, 3rd pansergrenadier division aur 12th aur 277th volcgrenadier division shamil they. aaee. aiss. panger core mein kaee tadarth agradoot ikaaiyaan bhee shamil theen, jinamen campfgroup piper (1st aiss. aiss. panger division kaa hissa) shamil thaa, jisamen 1st aiss. aiss. panger resiment, 501st aiss. aiss. haivi panger batalian (45 tiger haye) aur 3rd aiss. aiss. panger grenadier batalian seey ack panger batalian (72 mishrit panger IV aur panther tank) shamil thee. 12vein aiss. aiss. panger division key tahat yuddh samooh kuhalman thaa, jisamen pahali aiss. aiss. panger batalian (80 tank) aur 560veen aiss. aiss. bhaari panger batalian thee. chhathi panger senaa mein bhee dwiteeya aiss. aiss. panger core thaa, joe dwiteeya aiss. aiss. panger division daas reech aur 9vein aiss. aiss. panger division hohenstaufen kii peshkash kartaa thaa. anta mein, dietrich kii senaa mein 326vein aur 246vein wolksgrenadier division bhee shamil they, joe general otto hitzfeld kii kamaan key tahat 67vein (lxvi) paidal senaa dall kaa gathan karate they.
dietrich kii senaaon key dakshin mein general hasso wonn montefel kii paanchvin panger senaa thee. manftfell kii senaa kaa gathan 66veen paidal senaa core (18veen aur 62veen wolksgrenadier division), 58veen panger core (116veen panger division aur 560veen wolksgrenadier division), 47veen panger core (2nd panger division aur 26veen wolksgrenadier division), panger-lehar-division aur furer beglet brigade dwara kiya gayaa thaa. halanki ack aarakshit key roop mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, panser-lehar-division koo aadhikarik taur parr 47vein panser core seey jodaa gayaa thaa. paanchvin panger senaa koo chhathe panger senaa key baaen hisse kaa samarthan karane aur aakraman key teesare dinn taka meuse nadee koo todane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. paanchvin panger senaa seedhe americi 28vein paidal senaa prabhaag key vipareet sthit thee.
teesari senaa joe aasann german aakraman mein bhaag lene vaali thee, general erich brandenberger kii saatvin senaa thee, jise paanchven panger senaa key baaen hisse kii raksha karane aur luxemberg mein sahayogi bhandaron koo baandhane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. iss senaa mein general baptist naaiz kii 85veen paidal senaa (jisamen 5veen fallschurmjegger aur 352veen wolksgrenadier division shamil hain), general franz bayer kii 80veen paidal senaa (276veen aur 212veen wolksgrenadier division) aur kaveleri graph wonn rothkirch unda tratch kii 8veen paidal senaa shamil thee. inn teen senaaon ney tatkaal hamale key liye paanch panger division, terah paidal senaa-prakaar key division (vayu aur wolksgrenadier) kii peshkash kii, aur tatkaal samarthan mein dou anya panger division aur ack panger brigade kaa pratinidhitva kiya; yeye 70 pratishat taakat kaa pratinidhitva karate they jise hitler ney mool roop seey utsaahi aakraman koo aavantit karane kaa faisala kiya thaa.
vishesh ikaaiyaan.
germans ney barac michel mein sadak junction lene key liye malmedi key uttar kshetra mein ack havaai abhiyaan (operation stasser) kii bhee yojana banaai, jisase chhathi senaa key 12vein aiss. aiss. panger division koo belgium key shahar lease mein aage badhane kii anumati millie. operation senaa samooh aich kii pahali parachute senaa kii pratyek batalian seey ack sou paratroopers kii ack vishesh ikai dwara kiya jaayega. batalian key aakar kii ikai kii kamaan leftinent curnell friedrich august freeher wonn dair hayday dwara kii jaayegi aur iska naam yuddh samooh wonn dair hayday rakhaa gayaa thaa. halanki wonn dair hayday ney mool roop seey 6 veen parachute resiment kii sampoornata kaa upayog karane kaa anurodh kiya thaa, lekin iss aadhar parr incar kiya gayaa thaa kii yeh paschimi sahyogiyon koo wehrmatch key iradon key baare mein sachet karega; haalaanki, antatah, german general koo apani pulton aur company commanders koo lene kii anumati dee gaee thee.
durbhagya seey, chunane key liye kaee purush havaai udaan key liye bhee yogya naheen they, aur operation key liye chune gaye lagbhag 20 pratishat loga hathiyaron key saath koodane key yogya naheen they. general wonn dair hayday ney turant unhein diye gaye sabse kharaab 150 purushon koo khariz curr diyaa aur unhein parachute school key swayamsevakon key saath badal diyaa, jinamen seey kuchh koo koodane kaa koee anubhav naheen thaa. cumm samay mein kuchh purushon koo buniyaadi kood prashikshan praapt huaa, halanki parivahan vimaan kii kamee key kaaran mamle jatil hoe gaye they. "campfgroup" wonn dair hayday key paas kuchh 300 nakali parachutist bhee they, jinhen americi balon koo bhramit karane key liye vaastavik drop zone key uttar mein giraaya jaanaa thaa. 15 disambar 1944 taka, wonn dair hayday ack achchi ladaai bull koo ack saath rakhane mein saksham they.
otto scorgeny kii 150veen panger brigade kii kamaan mein operation grief koo meuse nadee parr kuchh pulon koo pakadane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa. scorgeny koo paschimi sambaddh vaahanon kaa upayog karate hue aur angreji bolane key dauran americi aur british vardi mein apani brigade koo pahanane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa, naa kewal una pulon parr kabja karane key prayaas mein, balki jhoothe aadeshon koo paarit karane aur sahayogi balon koo safalata kshetra kaa bachaav karane key liye bhramit karane key prayaas mein. ikai key logon koo antim minut taka aakramak iraade key baare mein satark naheen kiya gayaa thaa; unhein chetavani dee gaee thee kii unaki taiyari ack aasann sahayogi aakraman key liye thee. ikai key liye bharti karane key prayaas mein lagbhag ack senaa-vyaapi adesh dwara angreji bolane vaale karmiyon key naam aur kissy bhee kabja kiye gaye sambaddh vaahanon kaa anurodh kiya gayaa thaa; halanki scorgeny ney mool roop seey operation koo radd karane kaa prayaas kiya thaa, baad mein unhone sachchai koo chhipaane key liye ikai kii afvaahon koo swatantra roop seey prasaarit karane kii anumati dekar durbhagya koo badal diyaa. scorgeny iss tathya seey bhee savdhan they kii unhein aur unake logon koo americi vardi pahanani hogi, jisase unhein pakade jaane parr jasuson key roop mein goli maarne kaa khatra thaa; antatah, unake purushon koo unake americi kapadon key neeche german vardi pahanane kii anumati dee gaee thee.
antatah, bull seey judey 500 purushon mein seey kewal 10 loga dharapravah angreji bolane mein saksham they, jabaki 30-40 ise achchi tarah seey boll sakate they, 120-150 kaafee achchi tarah seey aur baaki kewal vahee joe unhone grade school mein seekha thaa. kewal dou kaam karane vaale aim4 sherman tank upalabdh honey key saath, 13 panther tank koo americi tank key samaan banaaya gayaa thaa aur ikai seey jodaa gayaa thaa; scorgeny koo 10 sambaddh scout kaaren bhee dee gaeen, jinamen seey chhah prashikshan avadhi key dauran toot gaeen. americi vardi kaa ullekh naheen karane key liye, ikai mein americi chhote hathiyaron aur golaa-barud kii bhee kamee thee; phir bhee, ikai ney prashikshan jaari rakhaa.
luftwafe kii tainaati.
hitler ney apane senaa commanders seey poorna havaai samarthan kaa vaadaa kiya, yeh bataate hue kii goyering ney unhein bataaya thaa kii looftwaff operation key liye kuchh 3,000 ladaakon koo tainaat karane mein saksham thaa; haalaanki german netaa ney bhee report seey 1,000 kii chhoot dene kii tippani kii, kyonki goyering kii atishayokti karane kii pravritti key kaaran, unhone kahaa kii phir bhee german jamini balon kii raksha key liye cumm seey cumm 2,000 ladaake honge. inn vimaanon koo paanchvin aur chhathi panger senaaon kaa samarthan karna thaa, saath hii saath jameen parr sambaddh vimaanon koo nasht karane key uddeshya seey ack purvavyaapi havaai aakraman shuru karna thaa, isase pahale kii unhein germans key khilaf upayog karane kaa mauka mille. iss aankade koo baad mein sanshodhit karke 800-900 vimaan curr diyaa gayaa, jise german shaharon parr sambaddh bambari chhaapon key khilaf bachaav key liye squadron seey liya jaayega. jaba mausam ney sambaddh havaai samarthan koo pratibandhit curr diyaa thaa, taba bhee aakraman honey vaalaa thaa.
andolan aur andolan.
wehrmatch koo juuna aur navambar 1944 key beach lagbhag 750,000 hatahaton kaa saamana karna padaa, jisase german netritva koo criegsmarine, looftwafe aur udyog seey bharti karane key liye majboor honah padaa, jabaki coll-upp ayu 16 seey 60 varsh kii ayu key sabhi purushon taka badhaa dee gaee. iss vistaar ney germans koo paschimi europe mein apani shramshakti koo 1 disambar koo lagbhag 4,10,000 seey badhaakar 15 disambar koo sirf 13 laakh seey adhik karane kii anumati dee. inn nae sainikon koo cumm prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur yeh iss tathya seey aur badh gayaa thaa kii adhikansh koo isake shuru honey seey kuchh dinn pahale taka aakraman key baare mein pataa naheen thaa, jiska arth haye kii kaee logon koo unake uddeshyon key baare mein soochit bhee naheen kiya gayaa thaa. aage badh rahee teen senaaon key kinaaron kii raksha karane kaa adesh diye gaye wolksgrenadier divisions koo thheek seey majboot bhee naheen kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki germans koo inn ikaaiyon koo aage key kshetron seey alag karna mushkil lagaa, jinn parr dheere-dheere sahayogi agrim dwara dabaav daala jaa rhaa thaa.
feeled marshel wonn rundstedt ney adhik purushon key liye baar-baar anurodh kiya, yeh dekhate hue kii paschimi sahayogi poori tarah seey maanav shakti mein behtar they, phir bhee wehrmatch hyee kamaand dwara incar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. rundstead ney paryaapt paidal sainikon kii kamee key kaaran, ack baar operation shuru honey key baad gherabandi kiye gaye americi sainikon koo pakadane mein kathinaaee kaa ullekh kiya. nae paidal sainikon koo adhikatam aathh saptah kaa prashikshan praapt huaa, aur nae prabhagon mein tank-rodhi aur topkhaane key hathiyaron kii kamee thee; unakaa makeup sabse achchha thaa, kyonki paschim yaa purvi morche parr ladaai mein bhaari hataahat honey vaali ikaaiyon key avasheshon seey vibhajan banaae gaye they. kuchh nae paidal sainikon koo poorv mein kabje vaale kshetron seey bharti kiya gayaa thaa, aur itane saare nae sanic german bhee naheen jaanate they.
sabse achchi sthiti mein bull, joe kii ugra aakraman key liye nirdhaarit kiye gaye they, way they joe waffen-aiss. aiss. key they; inn balon koo germany key ander phir seey prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur phir saamane tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. lekin, yeye bhee kabhi-kabhi cumm maanav-nirmit they; udaaharan key liye, doosara aiss. aiss. panger prabhaag, sthaapit maanav-shakti aavashyaktaon seey 10 pratishat cumm thaa. 15 disambar taka bhee paschim mein karmiyon kaa sthanantaran puuraa naheen huaa thaa.
haalaanki yuddh key aage badhane key saath paschimi sahayogi bamvarshak missions kii teevrata mein vriddhi hui, 1944 koo german udyog key liye kuchh uchchatam utpaadan daron key saath chihnit kiya gayaa thaa; udaaharan key liye, janwari 1944 mein 1,017 ladaakoo vimaanon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, usa varsh sitambar mein 2,878 kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. isi tarah, 1943 mein sabhi prakaar key 6,083 tankon kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki 1944 mein 8,466 kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, havaai hamalon key prabhaavon ney vaastavik nuksan kiya; udaaharan key liye, panger IV kaa utpaadan agast 1944 mein 300 seey ghatkar sitambar mein kewal 180 hoe gayaa, kyonki tank key kavach kaa utpaadan karane vaale ispat sanyantra koo sambaddh bamvarshakon dwara nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa. julaai 1944 seey sambaddh bambari key kaaran panther tank kaa utpaadan bhee cumm hoe gayaa.
phir bhee, germans ney aakraman key liye lagbhag 1,400 bakhtarband ladaakoo vaahan jamaa kiye. sambaddh bamvarshakon ney bhee saamane kii or aapoorti kii aavaajaahi koo prabhaavit kiya, halanki akash parr sambaddh niyantran key bavjood, upkaran, eendhan aur golaa-barud kii lagbhag 500 relgaadiyon koo binaa khoje vitarit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, yeh chhote hathiyaron kii kamee kaa saamana karane mein saksham naheen thaa; nae volcgrenadiers koo hathiyar dene key liye 15 laakh paidal senaa key hathiyaron kii aavashyakta thee. golaa-barud kii bhee sakht jarurat thee, aur antatah rail pranali koo aage kii or adhik aapoorti sthanantarit karane key paksh mein sainikon kii aavaajaahi koo rokane key liye majboor honah padaa.
eendhan kii bhee kaafee kamee thee, halanki germans ney aakraman key praarambhik charan key liye aavashyak eendhan kaa bhandar kiya, lekin parivahan kii kamee key kaaran iska aadhaa hissa vitarit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. aakramak key liye bhandarit petroleum kaa, iska adhikansh hissa saamane kii or kaam karane vaali ikaaiyon koo jaari kiya gayaa thaa, joe lorren aur aachen key aspas americi aur british kaarrvaaiyon key khilaf lada rahey they. kuchh koo aakraman key pahale dinon key liye jamaa kiya jaanaa thaa, iss ummeed mein kii agrim dwara bahut adhik kabja curr liya jaayega; disambar kii shuruat taka upalabdh seey cumm, aur kewal aspas key aspas aakraman kii shuruat taka upalabdh they. isake alawa, praarambhik eendhan khapat key anuman galat they kyonki unhone eendhan kii khapat mein vriddhi koo dhyaan mein naheen rakhaa thaa, joe burf sahit ordense key ilaakon mein aavaajaahi key parinamswarup hui thee.
purvi morche parr prabhaav.
soviyat vistula-oder aakraman kii poorv sandhya parr, janwari 1945 mein, laal senaa key paas 1,670,000 sainikon, 28,360 topkhaane aur bhaari mortar, ack hazaar seey adhik katusha rockett lancher, 3,300 bakhtarband ladaakoo vaahan aur lagbhag 3,000 vimaan they. isake khilaf, purvi morche parr tainaat paanch senaa samoohon mein seey dou, senaa samooh kendra aur senaa samooh aeye, soviyat aakraman key raaste mein they; ack saath, way lagbhag 980,000 karmiyon, 1,800 bakhtarband ladaakoo vaahanon aur lagbhag 900 ladaakoo vimaanon parr bharosa curr sakate they. disambar 1944 key dauran wehrmatch ney apane machinikrit balon aur rasad samarthan kaa badaa hissa paschimi morche parr kendrit curr diyaa thaa, jisase soviyat sangh seey germany kii purvi seema kii raksha karane kii apani kshamata cumm hoe gaee thee. udaaharan key liye, disambar 1944 taka 2,299 nae aur refit tank paschimi morche parr vitarit kiye gaye they, jabaki poorv mein german balon koo kewal lagbhag 920 praapt hue they. janwari 1945 mein wehermacht lagbhag 800,000 purushon kii poori taakat seey cumm thee, german ikaaiyon key punargathan key bavjood maanav shakti key nuksan koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, isaki adhikansh taakat kaa upayog utsaahpurna aakraman key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
yeh german sashastr balon key uchch kamaan koo spasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa jaba general henz guderian ney unhein aasann soviyat hamale parr khufiya jaankaari dee, aur taakat kii tulanaa mein; german general ney daavaa kiya kii laal senaa koo paidal senaa mein gyaarah seey ack, kavach mein saat seey ack aur topkhaane mein bees seey ack kaa laabh thaa. taba yeh ullekh kiya gayaa thaa kii purvi morche kii raksha key liye ordense seey bakhtarband divisions kii punah tainaati kii aavashyakta hogi. vaastav mein, wonn rundstedt ney 22 disambar 1944 koo germany kii bakhtarband taakat koo poorv kii or punarnirdhaarit karane key paksh mein utsaahpurna aakraman koo bund karane key liye kahaa thaa, lekin hitler ney ise spasht roop seey aswikar curr diyaa thaa. ordeness jangal mein americi balon key khilaf aakraman ney hitler key dimag koo vyast curr diyaa thaa, aur purvi morcha achaanak wehrmatch hyee kamaand key liye maadhyamik mahatva kaa hoe gayaa thaa, udaaharan key liye, chhathi panger senaa koo 16 janwari 1945 taka purvi morche parr sthanantarit naheen kiya jaayega.