
kalkilya

kalkilya yaa kalkilia () paschimi tata parr ack philistine shahar haye joe palasteen raajya key kalkilya praant key prashaasnik kendra key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. 2007 kii janganana mein, shahar kii aabaadi 41,739 thee. kalkilya israel key paschimi tata kii deewaar seey ghiraa huaa haye, poorv mein ack sankeern antaral key saath israel kii senaa dwara niyantrit haye aur philistine key shahar hebleh key liye ack surang haye. kalkilya philistine key rashtriya pradhikaran (kshetra aeye key hisse key roop mein) key prashaasan key tahat haye, jabaki israel key sainya kabje key tahat haye. santare shahar kii arthavyavastha kaa ack pramukh hissa hain.
vyutpatti.
roman kaal mein kalkilya koo "calecales" aur praarambhik madhyayugeen kaal key spasht sroton mein "calcelli" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. kalkilya" shabd ack kanani shabd seey liya gayaa hoe sakata haye jiska arth haye "goal patthar yaa pahaadiyaan".ee key anusaar.aich. palmer, naam "ack prakaar key anaar", yaa "paani kii gargarahat" seey aaya haye.
itihas.
pragaitihasik kaal seey kalkilya key aspas kii aabaadi haye, jaisa kii pragaitihasik chakmak key aujaaron kii khoj seey pramaanit hotaa haye.
ottoman yug.
1596 mein, kalkilya ottoman curr rajistaron ("kalkil" key roop mein lipyantaran) mein nabalas key "liva" mein baani saab key "nahiya" (upa-jilaa) mein ack gaanv key roop mein dikhaai diyaa. isaki aabaadi 13 muslim parivaaron kii thee aur isane gehuun, jou, grishmakaaleen fasalon, jaitoon aur bakariyon yaa madhumakhiyon parr kull 3,910 ekake curr kaa bhugtan kiya.
1838 mein, edward robbinson ney nabalas key paschim mein "benny saab" jile mein ack gaanv key roop mein "kulakilih" kaa ullekh kiya.
1870 mein, victor guerin ney kahaa kii yeh 200 nivaasiyon vaalaa ack gaanv thaa.
1882 mein, kalkilya koo "kuchh hudd taka tanga karane vaale ack badey gaanv key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen uttar mein kund aur dakshin-paschim mein ack talab thaa. ghar buri tarah seey banaae gaye hain."1883 mein kuchh loga paas key bakhat all-hataab seey vahaan chaley gaye, aur 1909 mein kalkilya key prashaasan key liye ack nagarpalika parishad kii sthaapana kii gaee.
british janadesh yug.
british janadesh adhikaariyon dwara 1922 mein kii gaee philistine kii janganana mein, kalkilya kii aabaadi 2,803 (2,794 musalman aur 9 isai) thee, joe 1931 kii janganana mein badhkar kull 796 gharon mein 3,867 (3,855 musalman aur 12 isai) hoe gaee.
1945 key aankadon mein kalkilya kii aabaadi 5,850 thee; 5,840 musalman aur 10 isai, jinake paas ack aadhikarik bhoomi aur jansankhya sarvekshan key anusaar 27,915 dunam bhoomi thee. inmein seey 3701 dunam khatte aur kele key liye they, 3,232 bagan aur sinchaniya bhoomi thee, 16,197 anaaj key liye upayog kiye jaate they, jabaki 273 dunam nirmit (shahari) bhoomi thee.
1948 kaa yuddh.
1948 key arab-israel yuddh key baad, aur 1949 key yuddhaviram samjhauton key baad, kalkilya jorden key shasson key tahat aaa gayaa. yuddh key dauran, kaafr saaba, aboo kishk, misca, biyaar adas aur sheikh muwani sahit aas-paas key gaanvon key kaee nivasi sharanarthiyon key roop mein kalkilya bhaag gaye.
paas key arab gaanv kaafar saaba kii ladaai key baad, kalkilya key nivasi bhaag gaye aur baad mein jordnian arab senaa aur iraqi abhiyaan bull key aagaman key saath laut aae, sivaay kuchh 2,000 uchch varg key nivaasiyon key joe nublus mein chaley gaye. aanshik vaapsee kaa mukhya kaaran agrim pankti key shahar mein kathin aarthik sthiti aur fasal key kheton taka pahunchane mein asamarthata thee.
jordnian yug.
iss kshetra koo 1950 mein jorden dwara kabja curr liya gayaa thaa. 10 octuber 1956 kii raat koo israeli senaa ney anya ghatnaaon key saath-saath israeli buss parr jorden key hamale key jawab mein kalkilya pulis station key khilaf ack chhaapa maaraa. hamale kaa adesh moshe dayan ney diyaa thaa aur isamen kaee hazaar sanic shamil they. ladaai key dauran ack paratroop company jorden key sainikon seey ghiri hui thee aur bache hue loga kewal chaar israeli vayu senaa key vimaanon seey havaai-aavaran key neeche butch nikale. operation mein athaarah israeli aur 70 seey 90 jordnian maare gaye they.
1961 mein, kalkilya kii jansankhya 11,401 thee.
1967 key baad.
1967 mein chhah divasiya yuddh key baad seey, kalkilya israel key kabje mein haye. usa varsh baad mein, isake darjanon nivaasiyon koo israel dwara jorden mein bedkhal curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur cumm seey cumm 850 imaraton koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa. apane sansmaranon mein, moshe dayan ney vinash koo ack "sajaa" key roop mein varnit kiya jise nivaasiyon koo sarkari neeti key vipareet khadedne key liye banaaya gayaa thaa. antatah graminon koo lautane kii anumati dee gaee aur kshatigrast gharon key punarnirmaan key liye sainya adhikaariyon dwara vittaposhit kiya gayaa. sitambar 1967 mein, ack janganana mein 8,922 vyakti paae gaye, jinamen seey 1,837 mool roop seey israel kshetra seey they.
israel aur philistine mukti sangathan (pee. ell. oh.) key beach 1993 key oslo samjhaute key hisse key roop mein, 17 disambar 1995 koo kalkilya kaa niyantran philistine key rashtriya pradhikaran (pee. aine. aeye.) koo hastaantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
2003 mein, israel key paschimi tata kii baadha kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, joe shahar koo gherati thee aur ise deewaar key doosari taraf krishi bhoomi seey alag karati thee.
navambar 2015 mein, israel ney shahar mein sakriya 24 haama aatankvaadiyon key ack network koo giraftar kiya.
ack israeli samachar patra key anusaar, 20 octuber 2017 koo, philistine key shahar kalkilya ney sadaam hussain key naam parr ack sadak kaa naam rakhaa aur unaki samaantaa key saath ack smaarak banaaya. smaarak kaa anaavaran ack samaroh mein kiya gayaa thaa jisamen kalkilya jile key rajyapal rafee rajja aur dou anya philistine key adhikaari shamil hue they. isamen "sadaam hussain-hamaare yug key shahidon kaa swami" kaa naaraa haye.
19 juuna 2022 koo, ack 53 varsheeya nihatthe philistine koo israeli balon dwara goli maar dee gaee aur maar diyaa gayaa kyonki usane kathit roop seey israel key paschimi tata kii baadha koo paar karane kii koshish kii, joe kii kalkilya koo gherati haye.
bhugol.
kalkilya uttar-paschimi paschimi tata parr sthit haye, joe israel kii seema parr faila huaa haye. yeh philistine key shahar tulkarm seey 16 kilometres dakshin-paschim mein haye, aur nikatatam ilaake teera kaa arab-israeli shahar aur uttar-poorv mein 'arab all-ramdeen all-shamali kaa philistine kaa gaanv, poorv mein nabi ilias kaa philistine kaa gaanv, philistine key bastiyaan' arab aboo farda aur 'arab arr-ramdeen all-janubi aur dakshin-paschim mein alfei menashe kii israeli basti, aur dakshin mein philistine kaa gaanv habla aur arab-israel shahar jaljulia hain. isamen bhoomadhya sagar key sabse karib paschimi tata kaa bindu haye, joe schiefime mein tata seey lagbhag 14 kimmy door haye.
qalqilya kii samudra tala seey ausat oonchaai 57 meater haye. ausat vaarshik varsha 587.4 millimeter aur ausat vaarshik tapman 19 degree celsius haye.
jansankhyiki.
philistine key kendriya saankhyiki beuro (pee. see. bee. aiss.) dwara 1997 kii janganana mein kalkilya kii aabaadi 22,168 darj kii gaee. adhikansh nivasi (69.8%) philistine key sharanarthi yaa unake vanshaj they. 2007 kii janganana mein, kalkilya kii aabaadi 41,739 (50.9% purush aur (49.1% mahila) thee. panjikrit parivaaron kii sankhya 7,866 thee.
2017 kii janganana mein, kalkilia kii aabaadi 51,683 thee.
sarkaar.
hamas ney 2006 key nagarpalika chunaav mein kalkilia mein jeet hassil kii aur isake sadasyon mein seey ack, vajih kawas, mahapour baney, halanki unhein apane karyakal key adhikansh samay key liye israel dwara kaid kiya gayaa thaa. 12 sitambar 2009 koo, pee. aine. aeye. ney shahar kii pariyojanaon key liye antarrashtriya dhana aakarshit karane mein whiffle rahane aur philistine sarkaar key aadeshon kii andekhi karane key liye, kalkilia key rinn koo aniyantrit roop seey badhane kii anumati dene key liye kawas koo khariz curr diyaa. halanki, kawas ney apani barkhastagi koo hamas key beach chala rahey jhagade key parinamswarup dekhaa, joe gaaja patti mein pee. aine. aeye. aur fatah parr haavi haye, joe paschimi tata mein pee. aine. aeye. parr haavi haye. manvadhikar samoohon ney ack nirvaachit adhikaari key mamalon mein kendriya philistine key adhikaariyon key hastakshep kii ninda karate hue kawas kii barkhastagi kii aalochana kii. 2012 key nagarpalika chunaavon key dauran, fatah sadasya othman doud mahapour chune gaye they.
arthavyavastha.
1967 aur 1995 key beach qalqilya key lagbhag 80 pratishat shram bull ney nirmaan aur krishi kshetron mein israeli companiyon yaa udyogon key liye kaam kiya. shesh 20 pratishat vyaapaar aur vanijya mein lagey hue hain, harit rekha key paar vipanan. applied research institute-jerusalam (ariz) dwara kiye gaye ack feeled sarve key anusaar, kalkilya kii kaam karane vaali aabaadi kaa 45 pratishat sarkaar dwara niyojit thaa, 25 pratishat krishi mein kaam kartaa thaa, 15 pratishat vyaapaar aur vanijya mein kaam kartaa thaa, 10 pratishat udyog mein kaam kartaa thaa aur 5 pratishat israel mein kaam kartaa thaa. 2012 mein, berojgari darr 22 pratishat thee, joe pahale krishi, vyaapaar aur sevaaon mein kaaryarat logon seey sabse adhik prabhaavit thee.
kalkilya vishesh roop seey apani khatte pedon kii fasal key liye jaanaa jaataa haye aur isaki kull 10,252 dunam bhoomi (jinamen seey 5,930 krishi yogya hain) 1802 dunam (shahar kii bhoomi kaa lagbhag 17.6% aur isaki krishi yogya bhoomi kaa 30 pratishat seey adhik) khatte pedon seey lagaae jaate hain. anya pramukh fasalen jaitoon aur sabjiyaan hain. sthaaniya udyogon mein lakadi aur khanij jall companiyon key nirmaan key alawa khaadya padarthon, jaitoon key tail, dayeri utpaadon, sabun, kaanch, patthar, sangamarmar aur nirmaan samagri kaa nirmaan shamil haye.
1986 mein sthaapit kalkilya chidiyaghar, vartamaan mein paschimi tata aur palestine raajya mein ekmatra chidiyaghar haye, aur isake malik key anusaar, shahar kaa sabse badaa niyokta haye. yeh kalkilya key mukhya akarshanon mein seey ack haye. chidiyaghar mein 170 janwar hain aur yeh jerusalam bibil chidiyaghar aur raamat gaan safari key pranividon key saath milkar kaam kartaa haye.uttari paschim tata mein kritrim angon kaa ekmatra karkhana kalkilya mein haye.
sooks.
kalkilya mein kaee bajar hain, jinamen shamil hainh
bhoomi upayog aur baadha.
shahar key kull 10,252 dunam kshetra mein seey 3,027 nirmit kshetra they, 266 kaa upayog audyogik uddeshyon key liye kiya gayaa thaa, 2,894 sthaayi fasalon key saath lagaae gaye they, 419 kaa upayog greenhouse key liye kiya gayaa thaa, 274 pashudhan renz key liye, 2,343 anya koo krishi yogya key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, aur 283 dunamon parr paschimi tata kii baadha kaa kabja thaa. qalqilya kaa lagbhag puuraa shahari kshetra falastini nagrik adhikaar kshetra aur israel key sainya niyantran (kshetra bee) key tahat haye, jabaki shahar key nagarpalika kshetra kaa 64.7%, jyaadaatar krishi bhoomi aur khule sthaan, israel key nagrik aur sainya niyantran (kshetra see) key tahat haye.
israel kaa avrodh kaa nirmaan 2002 mein shuru huaa aur uttar, paschim, dakshin aur isaki purvi taraf key aadhe hisse seey kalkilya koo alag kartaa haye, jisase poorv mein ack galiyara nikalata haye joe ise chhote philistine key gaanvon aur bastiyon seey jodata haye. israel kaa kahana haye kii deewaar kaa nirmaan suraksha uddeshyon key liye haye, vishesh roop seey philistine key aatankvaadiyon dwara israel mein ghuspaith koo rokane key liye jaisa kii dusare intifada key dauran huaa thaa. philistiniyon kaa kahana haye kii yeh baadha philistine kii bhoomi koo jodane key liye haye (kyonki deewaar aksar philistine key kshetra mein gaharaai seey jaati haye) aur philistiniyon kii aavaajaahi koo niyantrit karati haye. iss baadha ney kalkilya kii arthavyavastha, vishesh roop seey vaanijyik aur vyaapaar kshetron koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit kiya haye, kyonki isane shahar koo paas key philistine key ilaakon aur israel mein arab shaharon kii seema seey alag curr diyaa haye, jisane baadha key puuraa honey seey pahale shahar kii aaya mein lagbhag 40 pratishat kaa yogdan diyaa haye. iss avrodh ney jyaadaatar krishi bhoomi key 1,836 dunamon aur kalkilya key adhikaar kshetra key bheetar khule sthaanon koo shahar seey alag curr diyaa haye. kalkilya key nivaasiyon aur anya philistine key shaharon key beach samajik sambandh bhee baadha seey baadhit hue hain.
shiksha.
2007 kii pee. see. bee. aiss. janganana key anusaar, 10 varsh seey adhik ayu key nivaasiyon mein seey 95.3% sakshar they. lagbhag 75 pratishat anpadh aabaadi mahilaaon kii thee. shahar mein 21 saarvajanik school, chaar niji school, teen school unarva dwara prabandhit aur 13 kindergarten hain. sabhi schools kii dekhrekh philistine key uchch shiksha mantralaya dwara kii jaati haye. 2012 taka, school mein 660 shikshan karmchaariyon key saath 12,286 nivasi namankit they. 2007 mein, aabaadi kaa 10.5% uchch shiksha key ack sansthaan seey snaatak huaa thaa, jabaki 15.7% ney maadhyamik shiksha, 27.5% praarambhik shiksha, 27.4% praathamik shiksha poori kii thee aur 13.8% kii koee aupchaarik shiksha naheen thee. shahar mein dou college hainh 1978 mein sthaapit aid daa 'vaa islami college aur 1998 mein sthaapit all-quds open university kaa ack parisar.
sanskriti.
daan, manoranjak aur saanskritik club, kalkilya tv aur ack radio station (radio nagam) hain. kalkilya praant mein, aine. jee. oh. saanskritik munch samaaj (jameeyat-mutt-deen-all-khiriah) ney kabje, deewaar aur bastiyon key kaaran nivaasiyon kii aarthik aur raajneetik samasyaon koo prachaarit karane mein bhoomika nibhai.
antarrashtriya sambandh.
kalkilya key saath judvaan haih

