
nevado dee toluka

nevado dee toluka (Nevado de toluca) madhya mexico mein ack samtaap jwalamukhi haye, joe mexico shahar key paschim mein toluka shahar key paas sthit haye. yeh pico dee orizaba, popocatepetal aur iztakisuatal key baad mexico kii chauthi sabse oonchi chotiyaan hain. jwalamukhi aur isake aspas kaa kshetra abb ack rashtriya udyaan haye.
vyutpatti.
ise aksar nahuatla naam zinantecatal dwara kahaa jaataa haye jiska aamtaur parr spanish mein nagna swami key roop mein anuvaad kiya jaataa haye, "senor desnudo", halanki anya vyutpattiyon kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye jaise kii "makai key danthal kaa swami", zinaikaantepetl (chamgaadadon kaa pahaad), yaa zinaikantekatal (zinacantepec kaa vyakti). iss kshetra mein aur usake aspas kaee puraatatva khojon key baad iss parvat kii vyutpatti key baare mein aur saboot saamane aae hain. yeh nishkarsh nikala gayaa haye kii isaki sahee vyutpatti chicknautecatal haye jiska arth haye "nau kaa swami", shayed shanku key sheersh parr vibhinn gahari jheelon kaa ullekh karate hue.
varnan.
jwalamukhi mein ack vistrit shikhar caldera haye joe poorv kii or khula haye. sabse oonchaa shikhar, pico dell frail (frear kii choti), crater key dakshin-paschim kii or haye aur doosara sabse oonchaa, pico dell aguilla (eagle kii choti), uttar-paschim mein haye. 
besin key farsh parr lagbhag dou gaddhe jheelen hain, badee lago dell soul (soorya jheel) aur chhoti, lekin gahari, lago dee laa luna (chandrama jheel).
ack sadak pahale jheelon key liye caldera mein jaati thee, lekin abb jheelon seey 2 kimmy pahale seey judee hui haye.
dakshin-poorv seey, nevado dee toluka binaa sir key kandhon kii tarah sapaat-sheersh vaalaa dikhta haye. ack nahuatla kinvadanti (popocatapetal aur iztachihuatla kii kinvadanti key hisse key roop mein varnit) ack pauranik vyakhya pradaan karati haye. 
bhoovigyaan.
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii nevado dee toluka ack baar poppocatapetal jitna lamba hoe sakata haye, jaba taka kii lagbhag 25,000 saal pahale ack vishal visfot ney shanku key sheersh koo visfot naheen kiya aur isaki oonchaai koo utanaa hii cumm curr diyaa jitna kii. usee visfot ney ghaney lahar yaa mitty key pravaah koo utpann kiya, joe pahaadon key kinaaron koo lepit kartaa thaa. lagbhag 500 saal baad ack visfot ney pahaad key poorv aur poorvottar dhalanon parr pumis kii paraten jamaa curr deen.
nevado dee toluka kaa antim badaa visfot lagbhag 10,500 saal pahale huaa thaa (10.5 kaa bee. pee.), kyonki jwalamukhi mein 6 kii vee taakat key liye kull anumaanit matra 20 kimmy3 thee (1991 key mount pinatubo key visfot key barabar). toluca kshetra key shahar mein kankad key aakar key pumis kaa visfot aur mexico shahar kshetra mein madhyam seey maheen rait kaa visfot. oopari toluka pumis ghatana seey praapt doorasth lahar jamaa mein maxico key besin mein vishal haddiyan aur anya standhaariyon koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa. 
jwalamukhi key vent mein jwalamukhiya plug banane key baad jwalamukhi nishkriya hoe gayaa. plug antatah ell ombligo ("naabhi") key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa.
jalavaayu.
shikhar key paas, nevado dee toluka mein saal bhar key thhande tapman key saath ack thhandi alpine jalavaayu (copen jalavaayu vargeekaran "aitt") haye. tapman mein bahut cumm bhinnata haye aur kissy bhee maheene mein paalaa aur burf parh sakati haye. sardiyon kaa mausam navambar seey aprail taka chalata haye aur varsha cumm hoti haye, march mein ausat, sabse shushk maheena. iss samay key dauran tapman thandaa hotaa haye, janwari mein ausat. garmiyon kaa mausam maee seey octuber taka chalata haye aur julaai mein ausat varsha bahut adhik hoti haye. iss samay key dauran tapman germ hotaa haye, ausat maee mein. shikhar parr aksar kohra rahata haye, ausatan 78 dinn kohra rahata haye, jiska adhikansh hissa mansoon key mausam mein hotaa haye. sabse aardr record maheena julaai 2008 thaa jaba varsha hui aur sabse aardr dinn 16 julaai, 1999 thaa jaba varsha hui thee. abb taka kaa sabse adhik tapman 16 agast, 1993 koo darj kiya gayaa thaa aur sabse cumm tapman 2 farwari, 2004 koo darj kiya gayaa thaa.
puraataatvik sthal.
udyaan mein 18 panjikrit puraataatvik sthal hain, kyonki yeh poorv-hyspanic kaal key dauran ack anushthaan kendra thaa. bernardino dee sehgun ney jheelon key baare mein ack aise sthaan key roop mein likhaa jahan swadeshi samaroh aur balidan aayojit karate they. jheelon koo swayam dou sthal maanaa jaataa haye, kyonki badee sankhya mein prasaad, vishesh roop seey kopal, jheelon mein jamaa kiye gaye they. yeye bhandar poore jheel key tala parr paae jaa sakate hain kyonki jalate hue kopal koo jheelon key paani mein taba taka bahaaya gayaa thaa jaba taka kii yeh doob naheen gayaa thaa. anya vastuein jaise mitty key bartan aur murtikala patthar paae gaye hain. gotakhor yahaan paae gaye kaee tukadon koo lootate they lekin abb adhikaari gotakhoron kii saavdhaanipoorvak nigrani karate hain.
adhikansh anya sthal gaddhe kii divaaron aur chotiyon parr paae jaate hain. inn sthalon mein seey ack koo vishopech kahaa jaataa haye joe ack chattani gumbad key sheersh parr haye jise sero dee ombligo (spanish mein "naabhi" key liye) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. mukhya roop seey harey obsidian blade aur bahurangi syremic yahaan paae gaye hain. gaddhe key uttar kii or pico sehgun haye, jisamen cheeni mitty key tukade, picos heilprin uttar aur dakshin mein paae gaye hain, aur ell mirador, jise soorya key charam parr nishan lagaane seey sambandhit maanaa jaataa haye. yahaan paaya gayaa ack patthar iss baat kaa sanket detaa haye. samudra tala seey 4,130 meater kii oonchaai parr pico noreste sabse adhik oonchaai parr sthit sthal haye. yeh jall nikasi key saath ack chhota munch haye jiss parr atyadhik kharaab syremic tukade paae gaye hain. paschim kii or sero prieto gufa haye, joe vaastav mein ack chattan kaa aashray haye joe 60 meater seey adhik oonchaa haye. isamen naa kewal poorv-hyspanic yaatraon key pramaan hain, balki aupaniveshik kaal seey hii yeh pradhaan doot michael kaa ack mandir bhee rhaa haye.
yahaan rook-rook curr puraataatvik khudai hui haye, jisamen sabse haal hii mein 2010 mein inaa dwara praayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen epi-classic (650-900 ad) aur post-classic (900-1200 ad) avadhi seey sambandhit kalaakritiyaan mileen aur dikhaaya gayaa kii crater khagolvid pujaariyon key liye badhate mausam kii bhavishyavani karane key liye ack baithak sthaan thaa.

