
finland key toponium

finland key toponium mukhya roop seey teen bhashai virasaton dwara chhodi gaee viraasat seey utpann hotey hainh finish bhasha (lagbhag 93 pratishat aabaadi dwara pahali bhasha key roop mein bolly jaane vaali), swedish bhasha (lagbhag 5.5%) aur saami bhaashaaen (lagbhag 0.03%). finland key sthaanon key naam agyaat yaa aparichit mool key naamon seey laker adhik spasht roop seey vyutpann anomastics taka hain. vibhinn bhaashaon mein likhe gaye granthon mein dwibhashi desh key sthaan naamon kaa upayog karane key liye rashtriya aur antarrashtriya donon tarah kii sifaarishen hain. finland mein, finland kii bhaashaon key liye anusandhaan sansthaan aur finland kaa rashtriya bhoomi sarvekshan sanyukt roop seey sthaanon key naamon key mankikaran key liye jimmedaar hain.
aitihaasik pahalu.
kuchh ullekhaniya sthaanon key naam-jaise kii kuchh pramukh hydronyms pejane, saima, imatra aur keitel jinhen sabse puraane toponiums mein seey maanaa jaataa haye-abhee bhee vibhinn drishtikonon key bavjood maujooda bhaashaon seey dhwani vyutpatti kaa abhaav haye. isase yeh dhaarana paida hui haye kii way kissy agyaat bhasha seey utpann hoe sakate hain. pracheen saami sthaanon key naamon kaa ack upastar, joe aksar samay key saath funnicise kiya jaataa haye, poore desh mein paaya jaa sakata haye. finland key adhikansh toponium koo pracheen yaa boligat finish mool key saath pahachaana jaa sakata haye. ack finish substratum koo swedish sthaan key naamon mein aur kaee mamalon mein isake vipareet nikala jaa sakata haye. pramukh shaharikaran shuru huaa aur finland mein shahar key adhikaar diye gaye jaba desh sweeden kaa hissa thaa, aisee sthiti mein jahaan swedish vaastavik roop seey ekmatra aadhikarik bhasha thee, halanki adhikansh hamesha pahali bhasha key roop mein finish boliyon koo bolate they. isaliye, puraane videshi lekhan mein, kaee nagarpalika aur shahar key naam kewal unake swedish roop mein diye gaye hain. kuchh tateey kshetron mein sthaanon key naam kewal swedish mein hain kyonki kaee shataabdiyon seey mukhya roop seey swedish bhashi aabaadi vaale kshetron mein hain. finland key sthalnamon mein anya upastaron mein kaee kalanukramik paraton mein finnick, baltic, german aur slavic bhashai prabhaav shamil hain.
finland mein bhaashaon key sambandh mein adhikaar kshetra.
finland koo chhodkar, finland mein dou aadhikarik bhaashaaen hainh finish aur swedish. dweepon kii ack hii aadhikarik bhasha haih swedish. mukhya bhoomi parr, swedish-vaktaa austrobothania, yusima aur turk key aspas key kshetron mein kendrit hain. uttar saami, inari saami aur scholt saami saami adhivaas kshetra mein ardh-aadhikarik hain. 2003 key bhasha adhiniyam ney nagar paalikaon koo teen samoohon mein vibhajit kiyaah ekbhashi finish, ekbhashi swedish aur dwibhashi. nagarpalika ekbhashi haye, yadi isamen alpasankhyak bhasha bolane vaalon kaa 8 pratishat seey cumm haye aur yadi nagarpalika mein bhashai alpasankhyak kii aabaadi 3,000 seey cumm haye. anya samudaay dwibhashi hain.<riff naam = "keelilaki 423/2003"> keelilaki (423/2003) 5 §. punarpraapt 3-8-2007. </ref>
dwibhashi nagar paalikaon mein, bhasha adhiniyam key liye aavashyak haye kii sabhi toponium mein ack finish aur ack swedish naam donon houn. isake alawa, kaee ekbhashi roop seey finish nagar paalikaon kaa ack aadhikarik swedish naam haye, aur isake vipareet. nagarpalikaon key paas apana naam taya karane kii shakti haye lekin unhein aadhikarik nirnay seey pahale finland kii bhaashaon key liye shodh sansthaan seey paramarsh karna aavashyak haye.
sammelan.
yeye finland kii bhaashaon key liye shodh sansthaan dwara anushansit vartamaan sammelan hain. bhaugolik naamon parr visheshagyon key sanyukt rashtra samooh dwara bhee sammelanon koo apanaaya gayaa haih
sadak key naamon aur yatayat sanketon seey sambandhit parampara mein kahaa gayaa haye kii adhikansh bhasha kaa sheersh naam sabse oopar prastut kiya jaataa haye aur alpasankhyak bhaashaon mein sthaan key naam neeche soochibaddh hain.
sammelanon mein sambhaavit vichalan.
kuchh udaaharan (madhyayugeen yaa nava-lattin mein, joe finland yaa sweeden mein upayog mein naheen hain) finland kii praantiya sanrachanaon key liye maujood hain. inmein nau aitihaasik praanton key naam shamil hain (aff. aaee.: makunta, swah landscap) jinhone finland key kuchh vartamaan kshetron koo naam diye hain (aff. aaee.: makunta, swah landscap, 1997 taka kull milakar 20). yeye uparokt sifaarishon mein ullikhit "videshi bhaashaon mein pahale seey sthaapit sthaanon key naamon" kii shreni mein aaa sakate hain.
finish, swedish aur angreji mein nau aitihaasik praanton key naam
nae sthaanon key namkaran key liye dishanirdesh.
shahari niyojan mein, vibhinn sthaanon key liye nae naamon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. upnagaron, sadakon, udyaanon aur anya kshetron key naam bataae jaane chaahiye. dwibhashi nagar paalikaon mein, sthalnamon mein dou alag-alag bhaashaon kaa upayog karane kii aavashyakta key kaaran kaary jatil haye. choonki finish rajdhani kshetra kii sabhi nagarpaalikaaen, joe finland mein sabse teji seey vikasit honey vaalaa kshetra haye, dwibhashi hain, isaliye achche toponium taiyar karane kii samasya koee chhota kaam naheen haye.
finland kii bhaashaon key liye shodh sansthaan ney nae toponium taiyar karane key liye dishanirdesh diye hain. mool siddhant pahale seey hii upayog mein toponium kaa upayog karna aur aadhunik bhasha maandandon key anusaar unaki vartani karna haye. ack chhote seey sthaan key liye puraane upnaam key roop mein, jaise kii ack kshetra, aksar kewal ack hii bhasha mein maujood hotaa haye, unakaa saavdhaanipoorvak anuvaad kiya jaanaa chaahiye. kewal aise naamon kaa hii seedhe anuvaad kiya jaanaa chaahiye jinka pehchaan yogya arth hoe. yadi donon bhaashaon mein pahale seey hii topnem maujood haye, tou maujooda roopon kaa upayog kiya jaanaa chaahiye. yadi naam kaa anuvaad vyavharya naheen haye aur doosari bhasha mein koee toponium maujood naheen haye, tou toponium koo isake mool roop mein udhaar liya jaanaa chaahiye. vyaktigat naamon kaa anuvaad naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye. haalaanki, yadi maujooda naam anya bhasha mein dhvanyaatmak yaa vyaakaranik karanon seey anupayogi haye, tou ack nae naam kaa swatantra roop seey aavishkaar kiya jaa sakata haye.
jinn mamalon mein dou nagar paalikaon koo ack saath jodaa jaataa haye, way toponium key nirmaan key liye ack vishesh mamla banaate hain. naam chayan key liye dou saral mamle hainh
anya mamalon mein, sthalnam koo kshetra key aitihaasik sthalnamon seey chunaa jaanaa chaahiye. kaee mamalon mein, aitihaasik prashaasnik sanrachanaaen hain joe vilay nagarpalikaon key kshetra koo shamil karati hain. yadi aise naam anupayogi hain, tou kshetra key kuchh sabse pramukh gaanvon key naamon kaa upayog kiya jaanaa chaahiye. bhram kii sambhavana koo cumm karane key liye, nae naam mein praant yaa kshetra kaa naam shamil naheen honah chaahiye. kissy bhee mamle mein naam dou bhaagon seey naheen banaaya jaanaa chaahiye, kyonki iss tarah key naam kaa upayog finish bhasha mein vyaakaran kii drishti seey kathin haye. vilay pariyojanaon key naamon yaa tuchchh naamon seey bhee harr keemat parr bachana chaahiye.
yadi vilay kii gaee nagarpaalikaaen ack dwibhashi nagarpalika kaa gathan karengi, tou nagarpalika key liye chunaa gayaa finish naam aisaa honah chaahiye kii ack swedish samkaksh binaa kissy kathinaaee key paaya jaa sakey. naee nagarpalika kaa swedish naam anya sthalnam yojana key samaan siddhanton key anusaar taiyar kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
finish vyaakaran.
finish vyaakaran mein, kuchh sthalnam baahari sthaanvaachak pratyay praapt karate hain, vishesh roop seey jall nikaayon key liye naamit, jaise (nadee aur shahar seyanejoki) "seyanojoela (yaa tou seyanojoki nadee parr yaa shahar seyanojoki mein. nadee mein yaa usake neeche honey kaa mamla "sinojosa"). baaki aantarik sthaanvaachak pratyay praapt karate hain, jaisa kii "helsingisa" (shahar key parivartit roop mein honey kaa arthah helsinki mein) mein hotaa haye.

