maria willman

maria willman (29 aprail 1867-9 navambar 1957) ack dakshin african bhoovigyaani aur vanaspati vigyaani theen. vaha dakshin africa key kimberley mein mcgregor sangrahalaya kii pahali nideshak theen aur ingland mein cambridge vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag lene vaali doosari mahila dakshin african theen.
praarambhik jeevan.
29 aprail 1867 koo beaufort west mein paida hue willman, herbert willman aur angella johanna neathling kii nau betiyon mein seey paanchven they. unake pitaa yorkshire seey dakshin africa mein ack apravasi they aur unhone pradhaan mantri johnn molteno kii cape sansad mein beaufort west key liye ack saansad key roop mein kaary kiya.
shiksha.
willman ney cape town mein good hope madarse mein pahali baar matrick kii. baad mein, 1885 mein, unhone cambridge vishvavidyalaya mein pravesh kiya aur aisaa karane vaali kewal doosari dakshin african mahila theen. unhone 1888 mein cambridge key neunham college mein bhoovigyaan, khanij vigyaan aur rasayan vigyaan mein ack praakritik vigyaan kii yatra poori kii aur 1895 mein vanaspati vigyaan mein ack ma kiya. haalaanki, mahilaaon koo 1930 key dashak taka aupchaarik degree pradaan naheen kii gaee thee, isaliye willman ney vaastav mein navambar 1931 taka cambridge seey apani ma praapt naheen kii thee. 
1939 mein unhein johannesburg mein vishvavidyalaya off dha whitwatersand seey kaanoon mein maanad doctorate pradaan kii gaee.
dakshin african sangrahalaya key karmchaariyon parr.
willman kaa sangrahalaya carrier taba shuru huaa jaba vaha ingland seey dakshin africa lauti aur cape town mein dakshin african sangrahalaya mein bhoovigyaan vibhaag mein ack swayamsevak key roop mein kaam kiya. kyonki usake paas aupchaarik degree naheen thee aur usake pitaa ney usey vetan arjit karane key liye manjuri naheen dee thee, willman sangrahalaya mein usake kaam key liye bhugtan sweekaar karane mein asamarth thaa. phir bhee, unhone 1902 taka vahaan ack swayamsevak kshamata mein kaam karna jaari rakhaa jaba unhein aadhikarik taur parr bhoovigyaan vibhaag mein sahayak naamit kiya gayaa.
dakshin african sangrahalaya mein rahate hue, willman ney luis albert peringue key saath kaam kiya. saine logon aur sanskriti mein peringue kii ruchi ney unhein uttari cape aur zimbabwe mein kaee shodh yaatraaen karane kii anumati dee.
1906 mein unhone kimberley, wreeberg kshetra aur aage uttar taka ack mahatvapurna yatra kii, namoonon koo ekatra kiya, aur chattan kii nakkashi parr detta ekatra kiya, joe lagbhag teen dashakon baad unake prakaashan "rock nakkashi off grickland west aind bechuanland" (1933) mein ack pariyojana kii shuruat thee, joe cambridge mein prakaashit hui thee. yeh lagbhag paanch dashakon taka dakshin africa mein chattan kalaa parr maanak paath banaa rhaa. 
willman ney apane shesh jeevan key liye chattan kalaa key saath-saath saan aur khoikhoi logon kii sanskriti kaa adhyayan karna jaari rakhaa.
kimberley mein mcgregor sangrahalaya key nideshak.
willman koo 1908 mein kimberley mein nava sthaapit mcgregor sangrahalaya key pahale nideshak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhone usee varsh vahaan jadee-bootiyon key ghar kii sthaapana kii aur kshetriya paadap jeevan key sangrah kii kheti shuru kii, jisamen uttari cape key mahatvapurna prakaar key namoone shamil hain. unhone sthaaniya sangrahakartaon key saath namoonon parr sambandhon koo badhaava diyaa, jaise kii constance georgina addams, jinake saath unhone ack deerghakaalik dosti vikasit kii.
mcgregor mein unake vanaspati vigyaan key kaam ney unake prakaashan "grequeland west key foolon key paudhon aur furn kii praarambhik checklist" (1946) kaa netritva kiya. unhone kimberley mein mesquet aur kurrajong key pedon koo bhee pesh kiya aur sanyukt raajya america mein sansthanon aur sangathanon key saath dakshin african ghaas key beej saajha kiye. kuchh ney inn ghaas prajaatiyon koo desh mein dhool key katoron key kuchh kshetron koo punarjeevit karane key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya haye, vishesh roop seey texas raajya mein.
willman ney 1947 mein mcgregor key nideshak pada seey istifa dey diyaa, lekin vahaan apane bhoovigyaan aur vanaspati vigyaan adhyayan parr kaam karna jaari rakhaa. vaha 1953 mein sangrahalaya seey poori tarah seey sevaanivritt hoe gaeen aur george mein rahane key liye chully gaeen. willman kii mrityu 9 navambar 1957 koo hui thee. unhone kabhi shaadi naheen kii thee.
viraasat.
unake sammaan mein kaee paudhon kii prajaatiyon kaa naam rakhaa gayaa haye, jinamen willman lovgrass ("aragrostis super"), "watsonia vilmania", "stepelia vilmania", "rushiya vilmania", "herero vilmania" aur "nanenthus vilmania" shamil hain.

