
kalaa kaa sheesha

kalaa kaa sheesha kaanch kii kalaa kaa ack upasamuchchay haye, yeh baad vaalaa kaanch seey bunny kalaa kii poori shrinkhala koo cover kartaa haye. kalaa kaa sheesha aam taur parr kewal 19veen shatabdi key madhya seey baney tukadon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, aur aam taur parr vishuddh roop seey murtikala yaa sajawati kalaa key roop mein banaae gaye, jisamen koee mukhya upayogitaavaadi kaary naheen haye, jaise kii peene key bartan key roop mein seva karna, halanki nishchit roop seey rangeen kaanch mausam koo baahar rakhta haye, aur katora abhee bhee upayogi hoe sakate hain.
yeh shabd americi kaanch key liye sabse adhik upayog kiya jaataa haye, jahaan shally "19veen shatabdi key dauran naveenata key liye americi maang kaa taarkik parinam haye aur vistrit roop aur videshi finish dwara visheshta thee", lekin hamesha nishpaadan kii uchchatam gunavatta naheen hoti haye. jatil rung prabhaavon aur chitrit tamchini kaanch mein bahut ruchi thee. kalaa itihaskaron key liye "kalaa kaanch" charan ney uchch-victorian bhaari sajawat key "shandar avadhi" koo badal diyaa, aur badale mein 1900 key aspas kalaa noview kaanch dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin iss shabd kaa upayog abhee bhee samkaaleen utpaadon koo sandarbhit karane key liye vipanan uddeshyon key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. vaastav mein "shandar avadhi" shally, joe gaharaai seey katey hue kaanch parr nirbhar thee, lagbhag 1915 taka aur kabhi-kabhi usake baad bhee banaai jaati rahee.
kaanch koo kabhi-kabhi anya samagriyon key saath jodaa jaataa haye. takneekon mein kaanch shamil haye jise ack bhatte mein rakhaa gayaa haye taaki yeh ack aakar mein dhalaa jaae, kaanch udaanaa, rait seey kataa huaa kaanch, tambe key tail key kaanch kaa kaam, chitrit aur utkeernit kaanch. samanya taur parr yeh shabd una logon dwara banaae gaye apekshaakrit aadhunik tukadon taka seemit haye joe khud koo kalakaron key roop mein dekhate hain jinhone paaramparik kaanch key karigar shilpkaron key bajaay kaanch key madhyam seey kaam karane aur design karane aur apane swayam key tukadon koo lalit kalaa key roop mein banaane key liye chunaa haye, joe aksar dusaron dwara design kiye gaye tukadon kaa utpaadan karate hain, halanki unake tukade nishchit roop seey kalaa kaa hissa hoe sakate hain. studio glass ack aur shabd haye jiska upayog aksar kalaatmak uddeshyon key liye banaae gaye aadhunik kaanch key liye kiya jaataa haye. haal key varshon mein kalaa kaanch kii lokpriyata badhee haye aur kaee kalakar apane kaam key liye prasiddh hoe gaye hain; aur isake parinamswarup, adhik college kaanch key kaam mein pathyakram pradaan curr rahey hain.
20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein kalaa kaa sheesha aam taur parr karkhane key shramikon kii teams dwara banaaya jaataa thaa, joe ack hazaar yaa adhik pound vaali bhattiyon seey sheesha lete they. kalaa kaanch kaa yeh roop, jisamen seey tiffany aur steben yuu mein hain.aiss.france mein galley aur japan mein hoya chrystal, neetherland mein royal leardom chrystal aur sweeden mein aureforce aur costa bodaa shayed sabse prasiddh hain, joe karkhane kii pranali seey ugaaye jaate hain jisamen sabhi kaanch kii vastuon koo haathon seey yaa saanche seey udaaya jaataa thaa.
adhikansh pracheen kalaa kaanch karkhanon mein banaaya jaataa thaa, vishesh roop seey britten, sanyukt raajya america aur bohemia mein, jahaan vastuon koo ack maanak, yaa "pattern" key liye banaaya jaataa thaa. yeh iss vichaar key vipareet prateet hoga kii kalaa kaa sheesha vishisht haye aur vyaktigat kaushal koo darshaata haye. haalaanki, sajawat kaa mahatva-vishesh roop seey victorian yug mein-kaa matlab thaa kii adhikansh kalaatmaktaa sajawati key saath hoti haye. aaj kii koee bhee dhaarana kii karkhane mein bunny vastuon koo machine dwara banaaya gayaa thaa, galat haye. lagbhag 1940 taka, sajawati kalaa kaanch banaane mein shamil adhikansh prakriyaaen haath seey kii jaati theen.
karkhana bhinnata aur vishishtata.
nirmaataon ney vibhinn tarikon seey apane utpaadon mein antarnihit samaantaa kii samasya kaa samadhan kiya. sabse pahale, way maang key anusaar aksar design badalate they. yeh vishesh roop seey bohemia key niryaat-nirbhar karkhanon mein thaa jahan vikreta pratyek yatra key dauran karkhane mein bikri key rujhaanon kii report karate they. doosara, madhya aur nimn-bajar kii vastuon key liye sajawat, joe aksar anubandhit "tukade" shramikon dwara kii jaati thee, aksar ack vishay parr ack bhinnata thee. inn upa-thekedaaron kaa kaushal aisaa thaa kii gunavatta kaa ack uchit maanak aur utpaadan kii uchch darr koo aam taur parr banaae rakhaa jaataa thaa. anta mein, aakaron, rangon aur sajawati designs key gunan seey kaee alag-alag sanyojanon koo praapt karke uchch star kaa antar praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. saath hii, unheen karkhanon seey uchch bajar key upabhokta key liye adhik seemit matra mein utpaadit vishisht, kalaatmak vastuen aaeen. inhen ghar mein sajaaya gayaa thaa jahan sajaane vaale designers aur prabandhan key saath milkar kaam curr sakate they taaki ack laabhdaayak tukada banaaya jaa sakey.
upayog karane yogya kalaa kaa sheesha.
kaee vastuein jinhen abb kalaa kaa kaanch maanaa jaataa haye, mool roop seey upayog key liye theen. aksar yeh upayog praasangik naheen rhaa haye, lekin bhale hii naheen, victorian yug mein aur kuchh dashakon taka upayogi vastuon koo aksar itane uchch star taka sajaaya jaataa thaa kii abb unhein unaki kalaatmak yaa design yogyata key liye saraha jaataa haye.
kuchh kalaa kaanch apane mool uddeshya koo barkarar rakhate hain lekin isake upayog kii tulanaa mein isaki kalaa key liye adhik sarahana kii gaee haye. udaaharan key liye, pracheen itra kii botalon key sangraahak apani vastuon koo khaali pradarshit karate hain. packaging kii vastuon key roop mein, inn botalon kaa mool roop seey upayog kiya gayaa hoga aur iss prakaar aam taur parr kalaa kaanch naheen maanaa gayaa hoga. haalaanki, fashion key rujhaanon key kaaran, abb kii tarah, utpaadak sunder packaging mein saman kii aapoorti karate hain. anya logon key beach, joseph hoffman dwara banaai gaee lalik kii kalaa nauve glass aur kalaa deco design koo unake stylish aur atyadhik mool sajawati designs key kaaran kalaa glass maanaa jaataa haye.
moulded art glass.
ack badhati maanyata rahee haye kii bahut cumm yaa binaa kissy sajawat key badey paimaane parr utpaadit kaanch koo kalaa kaanch maanaa jaanaa chaahiye, lekin uchch kalaatmak aur nirmaan gunavatta jaise kii lalik dwara utpaadit.
parishkrit kaanch key bartan.
bajar mein parishkrit kaanch key bartan, aamtaur parr seesa chrystal, atyadhik sajaae jaate hain aur isaki uchch gunavatta kii karigari, dhaatu kii shuddhata (pighale hue kaanch kaa mishran) aur sajawati takneekon key liye sammaanit kiya jaataa haye, joe aksar kaatane aur soney kaa rung banaane key liye upayog kii jaati hain. donon takneekon kaa upayog seese key chrystal seey baney kaee tukadon kii sajawat mein kiya jaataa haye, aur aajkal inn tukadon koo kalaa kaanch key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye.
kaanch kaaten.
cutt glass kaa utpaadan aksar haath seey kiya jaataa haye, lekin swachaalan abb adhik aam hoe rhaa haye. kuchh design kalaatmak swabhaav dikhaate hain, lekin adhikansh niyamit, jyaamitiya aur doharaae jaane vaale hotey hain. kabhi-kabhi, design koo ack "pattern" maanaa jaa sakata haye jise yathasambhav dohraya jaa sakata haye, jiska mukhya uddeshya chrystal key apavartak gunon, yaa "sparkle" koo badhaana haye.
kalaa cutt.
atyadhik vishisht cutt chrystal designs key liye ack spasht apavaad banaaya jaa sakata haye joe nott key designers dwara seemit matra mein utpaadit kiye gaye they. udaaharan steven aind williams key liye keath murre key design aur johnn walsh walsh key liye cline forquarson key hain. iss shally key liye ack apekshaakrit nayaa shabd upayog mein aaa rhaa haih "art cutt".