
guido donegi

guido dodgani (26 march 1877, livorno mein-16 aprail 1947, bordighera mein), ack pramukh italvi engineer, vyavasaayi aur rajneta they. way italvi rasayanik audyogik diggaj montekatini key see. ee. oh. aur adhyaksh they. benito musolini key fasiwadi shasson koo unake samarthan key kaaran unhein dusare vishva yuddh key anta mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa, lekin sahyog key aaropon seey burry curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
praarambhik jeevan.
dodgani kaa janm bandargah shahar livorno mein huaa thaa. dodgani parivaar samudri parivahan aur ayaat aur niryaat gatividhiyon mein shamil livorno vyaparik abhijaat varg kaa hissa thaa. unhone turin key polytechnic vishvavidyalaya mein audyogik engineering kaa adhyayan kiya, jahan unhone 1901 mein snaatak kiya. agale varsh way livorno kii praantiya parishad mein chune gaye.
1904 mein unaki shaadi key kuchh maheene baad apani patni annaa kopa koo khone key baad, way livorno shahar (1905-1908) key saarvajanik karyon key aayukt baney, jisamen unhone lambe samay seey chully aaa rahee samasya koo hull karane mein madad kii.
montekatini.
unake pitaa jiyovan batista dodgani aur unake chaacha giulio dodgani donon montekatini khanan company ("society minari montekatini") mein shamil they, jisaki sthaapana 1888 mein tuscany mein montekatini vail dee sessina mein kii gaee thee aur way khanan tambe key pyrite mein sakriya they. italvi bainkon aur francisi niveshak samoohon key saath jatil samjhauton kii ack shrinkhala key madhyam seey, donegani ney montecatini key swaamitva mein nirnaayak bhoomika nibhai.
1910 mein, unake pitaa kii mrityu aur pramukh italvi pyrite nirmaata-"union pirity" key adhigrahan key baad-guido donegi company key mukhya karyakari adhikaari bunn gaye. usee varsh unhone company key mukhyalaya koo livorno seey milan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. usa samay seey 1945 taka dongani aur montekatini kaa bhaagya avibhajya hoe jaayega. way 1918 mein company key board key adhyaksh baney.
dodgani key gatishil netritva mein, montekatini interbellum mein itali kii sabse badee rasayanik company bunn jaayegi. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, company ney sulfuric acid key utpaadan mein nirnaayak ruchi hassil kii, joe barud key utpaadan key liye ack mahatvapurna ghatak haye. montekatini ney bijli stations mein bhee vividhata laaee aur itali mein super-phosphat key dou sabse badey utpadanon kaa adhigrahan kiya aur yeh desh agrani urvarak utpaadak bunn gayaa. dashak mein itali mein urvarakon aur aavashyak rasayanon kaa utpaadan karane vaale 40 seey adhik sanyantra sthaapit kiye gaye, joe super-phosphat aur sulfuric acid key gharelu bajar key kramshah 70 aur 60 pratishat koo niyantrit karate they.
yuddh key dauran, company ney apane khanan karyon key liye visfotakon mein vistaar kiya, joe desh key udyog parr niyantran rakhane vaale hathiyaron kaa itali kaa sabse badaa aapurtikarta bunn gayaa. yuddh key baad, donegani ney krishi parr praathamik dhyaan kendrit karate hue, montekatini koo ack khanan company seey rasayanik company mein badal diyaa. company ney italvi rasaayanagya giacomo fosser key sahyog seey itali key audyogik navachar mein bhee mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, jinhone 1920 mein amonia sanshleshan aur anya agrani rasayanik sanshleshan key liye ack naveen prakriya vikasit kii.
fasiwadi shasson kaa samarthan karna.
dodgani ney benito musolini key fasiwadi shasson kaa dridhata seey samarthan kiya. 1921 mein way rashtriya gutt key liye sansad key sadasya bunn gaye, jisane italvi raajneetik adhikaar koo ekatrit kiya-jisamen musolini bhee shamil thaa-aur jise 1924 mein rashtriya fasiwadi party dwara avashoshit curr liya gayaa thaa. octuber 1922 mein rome parr march key baad, doneni ney ghoshana kii kih "jaba octuber 1922 mein blackshirt rome mein pahunche, tou humm udyogpatiyon ney khushi vyakt kii aur benito musolini kii sarkaar kaa swaagat kiya jisane raajya aur usake kaanoonon koo aavashyak adhikaar vaapas dey diyaa."unhone vyavastha koo bahaal karane key liye hinsak fasiwadi daston kii sarahana kii aur urvarakon kii bikri key bhavishya koo yuddh key baad key samajik andolan key anta seey jodaa.
unhone mattioti sankat key dauran musolini kaa paksh liya. baad mein, vaha rashtriya fasiwadi udyog sangh key adhyaksh baney. unhein aksar musolini key saath dekhaa jaataa thaa aur way fasiwadi vardi pahanane mein sankoch naheen karate they. musolini key vyaktigat doot key roop mein, unhone nae fasiwadi shasson key achche iradon key baare mein antarrashtriya vyaparik samudaay koo aashvast karane key liye videsh mein ack mission chalaaya.
fasiwadi shasson key saath sambandhon ney montekatini company koo kaafee laabh pahunchaaya, vishesh roop seey yuddh key samay mein yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key dauran, yuddh key yuddh key yuddh key yuddh 1925 kii garmiyon mein shuru kiye gaye anaaj ("bataglia dell greno") key liye ladaai key saath, company ney urvarakon key mukhya aapurtikarta key roop mein lagbhag sansthaagat bhoomika nibhai. nitrogen key utpaadan key liye hiton kaa ack spasht abhisaran maujood thaa joe urvarakon key liye buniyaadi tatva haye, lekin barud aur visfotakon key liye bhee. 1930 key dashak key dauran fasiwadi sarkaar ney shulk key saath company kii raksha kii. badale mein, halanki, montekatini koo kuchh cumm laabhdaayak sanchaalan koo khula rakhna padaa.
vyaapaar aur shasson key beach sadbhaav apane charam parr pahunch gayaa jaba musolini ney march 1936 mein nigamon kii rashtriya sabhaa mein ack bhaashan mein aarthik autarchy kii aavashyakta kii ghoshana kii. niyojit rasayanik autarchy montekatini key aspas kendrit thee. yeh takniki-vaigyaanik star parr chunautipurna uplabdhiyon key saath mell khaata haye, jaise kii azinda nigeonle idrogenzione combustibily (anic) kii neenv azinda generail italiana petroli (agp) aur raajya railway key saath sanyukt roop seey, bhoore koyale key hydrogenkaran dwara eendhan kaa utpaadan karane key liye.
1930 key dashak key anta mein company ney ack twarit vikas kaa anubhav kiyaah 1936 aur 1939 key beach poonji doguni seey adhik hoe gaee, karmchaariyon kii sankhya lagbhag 60,000 taka pahunch gaee, aur bijli kii khapat rashtriya kull kaa dasvaan hissa thee. company kii pratishtha apane charam parr thee aur donegi koo 1943 mein senator niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
patan.
swaamitva key saapeksh failaav key bavjood, pramukh sharedharakon aur raajneetik paristhitiyon seey kuchh baadhaon key bavjood, donegani ney montekatini aur isaki sahayak companiyon kii udyamsheelta ranneetiyon koo nirdhaarit kiya. dwiteeya vishva yuddh ney montekatini key liye vikas key samaan avsaron kaa pratinidhitva naheen kiya jaisa kii pratham vishva yuddh mein huaa thaa. yadi shuru mein kuchh khanijon, visfotakon, davaaon key utpaadan mein vriddhi hui thee, 1941 key baad aapoorti kii kathinaaiyaan, shram kii kamee, yuddh kaa vinash, desh key vibhajan key kaaran hue utaar-chadhaav jaise yuddh lambe samay taka chalaa, tou firm koo ack kathin sthiti mein daal diyaa.
dongani key antim varsh kathin they. dushman key saath sahyog karane key aarop mein unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa aur phir march 1944 mein german kabjedaaron dwara riha curr diyaa gayaa. unhein 30 maee 1945 koo angrejon dwara phir seey usee kaaran seey giraftar curr liya gayaa. ack sankshipt jaanch key baad unhein rashtriya mukti samiti ("comitato dee liberagion nazionale"-clain) koo saunp diyaa gayaa-poorv pakshapaatpurna gathbandhan jisane asthaayi sarkaar kaa gathan kiya-jisane una parr fasiwadi shasson key saath sahyog karane kaa aarop lagaaya.
unhein ack maheene seey adhik samay taka jail mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin 14 julaai 1945 koo achaanak riha curr diyaa gayaa, jisase samachar patron mein ameer udyami dwara sthaaniya adhikaariyon parr rishwat lene key aarop lagey. ack nayaa giraftari warrant jaari kiya gayaa aur montekatini sanyantron parr hadtaal kii gaee. antatah, yeh ghotala samaapt hoe gayaa aur dongani key khilaf koee aarop naheen lagaaya gayaa. phir bhee, unhein navambar 1945 mein company kaa nirdeshan saunpana padaa, aur burry honey taka lagbhag ack saal taka chhipkar rahey. apani doshamukti key kuchh maheenon baad 16 aprail 1947 koo italvi nadee parr bordighera mein gambhir mansik aur shaaririk kshay kii sthiti mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
unaki mrityu key baad, guido dodgani foundation ("fundazion" guido dodgani ") kii sthaapana kii gaee, joe 22 farwari 1951 koo rashtrapati key farman dwara banaai gaee ack ikai thee, jisamen dodgani kii sampatti kii aaya aur montecatini company dwara pradaan kii gaee dhanrashi key saath, itali mein rasayan vigyaan key adhyayan koo badhaava dene key liye.