
geroft sanskriti

geroft sanskriti, jise antar-saanskritik shally yaa halilrud shally key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack praarambhik kansya yug (teesari sahasrabdi eesaa poorv) puraataatvik sanskriti haye, joe vartamaan mein iran key sistan aur baluchestan aur karman praanton key kshetra mein sthit haye. 
prastaavit prakaar kaa sthal konar chandan haye, joe halil nadee kshetra mein geroft key paas haye. sanskriti seey judey anya mahatvapurna sthalon mein shahar-aeye-sukheteh (jalaa huaa shahar), tepe bampur, espeedays, shahdad, taal-aeye-iblis aur tepe yahya shamil hain. 
inn sthalon koo "apani vastukala aur bhasha key saath ack swatantra kansya yug sabhyata" key roop mein, paschim mein elam aur poorv mein sindhu ghaati sabhyata key beach madhyavarti, pahali baar geroft (dakshin madhya iran) mein puraataatvik utkhanan dall key pramukh yusef majidzadeh dwara prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh parikalpana una kalakritiyon key sangrah parr adharit haye jinhen aupchaarik roop seey irani adhikaariyon dwara khudai kii gaee haye aur luteron seey baramad kiya gayaa haye; kaee logon dwara ise geroft kshetra seey praapt kiya gayaa haye (jaisa kii online irani samachar sevaaon dwara 2001 mein bataaya gayaa thaa).
khoj aur utkhanan.
german mein praarambhik khudai surr aurel stein dwara 1930 key aspas kii gaee thee. german praant mein kii gaee sabse ullekhaniya puraataatvik khudai mein seey ack 1966 mein ilinois raajya sangrahalaya (taal-ee-iblis) key professor joseph caldwell key netritva mein ack samooh dwara kii gaee thee aur 1967 mein harvard vishvavidyalaya (tepe yahya, sogan ghaati, doltabad) key lamberg-karlowski dwara kii gaee thee. jaba yusef majidzadeh key netritva mein ack dall ney khudai shuru kii thee, tou 2001 seey pahale jaba "besahara graminon" key roop mein varnit luteron seey geroft seey judee kaee kalakritiyan baramad kii gaeen, jinhone geroft key dakshin kshetra mein safai kii thee.
praathamik geroft sthal mein kuchh kilometres kii doori parr dou tealey hotey hain, jinhen konar sandle aeye aur bee kahaa jaataa haye, jinaki oonchaai kramshah 13 aur 21 meater (anumaanit sthaan) haye. konar chandan bee mein, ack dou manjila, khidki vaalaa gadh milaa, jiska aadhar lagbhag 13.5 hectare thaa. team ney cumm seey cumm teesari sahasrabdi eesaa poorv key anta mein ack shahar seey dou varg kilometres seey adhik avasheshon kaa pataa lagaaya. madjizadeh kii team ney joe aankade ekatra kiye hain, way darshaate hain kii jiraft kaa utkarsh 2500 eesaa poorv seey 2200 eesaa poorv taka thaa.
khudai karane vaalon dwara looty gaee kalaakritiyaan aur kuchh bartan tathaakathit "antar-saanskritik shally" key mitty key bartan they joe mesopotamia aur irani pathaar seey jaane jaate they, aur 1960 key dashak seey baft mein paas key tepe yahya seey. geroft sabhyata" parikalpana kaa prastaav haye kii yeh "antar-saanskritik shally" vaastav mein ack poorv agyaat, lambe samay taka rahane vaali sabhyata kii vishisht shally haye.
yeh saarvbhaumik roop seey sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa haye; kalaa key mahanagariya sangrahalaya key puraatatvavid auskar muscarella ney aalochana kii haye kii utkhanankartaon ney vidvatapurna reports koo prakaashit karane mein adhik dheemi gati seey sansanikhej ghoshanaon kaa sahaara liya, aur unake daave kii site kii starilekhan chauthi sahasrabdi mein nirantarta koo atyadhik ashawadi key roop mein darshaati haye. phir bhee muscarella site key mahatva koo sweekaar kartaa haye.
majidzadeh key anusaar, iss kshetra mein francisi visheshagyon dwara bhubhautikiya sanchaalan seey pataa chalata haye kii iss kshetra mein cumm seey cumm 10 aitihaasik aur puraataatvik kaal hain joe itihas mein vibhinn kaal key dauran iss kshetra mein rahate they. iss kshetra kaa adhyayan karane vaale francisi visheshagyon key anusaar, inn sabhyataon seey bache hue sakshya kaa pataa jameen key neeche 11 meater taka lagaaya jaa sakata haye.
"joe spasht haye vaha yeh haye kii bardsir mein taal-aeye-iblis sanskriti key pramaan kshetra key sabhi hisson mein paae jaa sakate hain. taal-aeye-iblis sanskriti, jise allie abad avadhi (chauthi sahasrabdi eesaa poorv) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joseph aar dwara prakat kiya gayaa thaa. americi puraatatvavid, caldwell ney kahaa, "majidzadeh ney kahaa.
helmand sanskriti.
paschimi afghanistan kii helmand sanskriti eesaa poorv teesari sahasrabdi kii kansya yug kii sanskriti thee. kuchh vidwan ise shahar-aeye-sokhta, mundigak aur rampur seey jodate hain.
helmand sabhyata" shabd kaa prastaav aim dwara kiya gayaa thaa. tosi. yeh sabhyata 2500 aur 1900 eesaa poorv key beach falati-phoolati rahee aur yeh sindhu ghaati sabhyata key mahaan vikas key saath mell khaati rahee hogi. yeh shahr-aeye-sokhta key antim charan III aur IV aur mundigak avadhi IV kaa antim bhaag bhee thaa.
iss prakaar, geroft sanskriti helmand sanskriti seey nikatata seey sambandhit haye. purvi iran mein geroft sanskriti aur usee samay paschimi afghanistan mein helmand sanskriti kaa vikas huaa. vaastav mein, way ack hii saanskritik kshetra kaa pratinidhitva curr sakate hain. doosari or, mehargarh sanskriti bahut pahale kii haye.
lekhan pranali.
ack mahal mein paaya gayaa ack shilalekh, ack eent parr tarasha gayaa thaa, jiska nichala baaen koney mein hii bachaa haye, jairoft utkhanan dall key pramukh yusef majidzadeh ney samajhaaya. "shesh dou panktiyaan alamite lipi koo pahchaanane key liye paryaapt hain", unhone kahaa. "majidzadeh ney kahaa, "geroft kii khoj seey pahale visheshagyon koo gyaat ekmatra pracheen shilalekh cuniform aur hyroglyphe they", majidzadeh ney kahaa kii "nayaa shilalekh jyaamitiya aakaron seey banaa haye aur duniya bhar mein koee bhee bhashavid ise abhee taka samajhane mein saksham naheen haye."
kuchh irani puraatatvidon kaa maanana haye kii khoja gayaa shilalekh abb taka kii sabse pracheen lipi haye, joe inn anya logon seey pahale paaya gayaa haye, aur yeh kii alamite likhit bhasha kii utpatti geroft mein hui thee, jahaan lekhan pranali pahale vikasit hui aur phir poore desh mein fail gaee thee.
aratta key saath sambhaavit sambandh.
majidzadeh ney sumerian sroton mein ullikhit aratta kii bhoomi key saath geroft sthalon kii pehchaan karane kaa prayaas kiya haye. unake nishkarshon koo kaee vidvaanon seey sandeh key saath dekhaa gayaa haye. anya anuman (ee.jee. daniel tii. pots, pioter stinkeller) ney konar chandan koo agyaat shahar-raajya marhashi seey jodaa haye, joe spasht roop seey elam key poorv mein sthit haye.

