
clod chastillan

cloud chastillan yaa chattillan (1559 yaa 1560-27 aprail 1616) ack francisi vastukar, sainya aur sivil engineer aur sthalaakritik draftsman they, jinhone france key heinry IV key tahat seva kii. unaki sabse ullekhaniya kriti, "sthalaakriti francois", joe maranoparant 1641 mein prakaashit hui, francisi kasbon aur imaraton key 500 drishyon kaa sangrah haye aur 17veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein francisi sthalaakriti aur vastukala kaa ack advitiya, yadi aanshik, aitihaasik vivaran haye.
jeevan aur currier.
chastillan kaa janm shallons-aine-shampen mein huaa thaa.
1580 key dashak mein chastillon navarre key heinry key sainya anuchar kaa hissa bunn gaye (kyonki heinry IV koo 1589 mein france kaa raajaa banane seey pahale jaanaa jaataa thaa). 1591 mein heinry ney chastillon koo shaahi sthalvigyaani (sthalaakriti doo roee) banaaya, ack pada joe usa samay anyatha agyaat thaa, aur 1595 mein, ack shaahi engineer (engineer doo roee), 16 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein sthaapit ack pada, jisane sainya kilebandi, gherabandi key yantriki aur hydrolics key liye jimmedaar ack core key sadasya kii pehchaan kii.
apane peshevar kartavyon key dauran, chastillan ney france aur padosi deshon kaa daura kiya aur pracheen aur samkaaleen kasbon aur imaraton key drishyon sahit kaee sthaanon kaa chitra banaaya. inmein seey kaee parr unhone utkirnan karna shuru curr diyaa. utkirnakon mein maithyu marian, leonard gaultier, joachim duviert aur jacks poinsart shamil they. 1616 mein chastillan kii peris mein mrityu hoe gaee, lekin unhone apane chitron key sangrah kaa badaa hissa prakaashit naheen kiya.
"sthalaakriti francois.
chastillan kii mrityu key pandrah saal baad, prakaashak jeane boisio ney maujooda plates aur chitron koo khareed liya. unake paas isaq briot aur nicolaus briyat they, anya logon key beach, una chitron koo utkeern karein jinhen abhee taka utkeern naheen kiya gayaa thaa aur 1641 mein sangrah koo "sthalaakriti francois oh pratinidhitva dee plussier will, bergs, chustox, maisan dee playsance, khandahar aur avashesh dee 'antiquit doo royam dee fraans" key roop mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen chitron key nirmaata key roop mein chastillon koo shreya diyaa gayaa thaa. aamtaur parr kewal "sthalaakriti francois" key roop mein sandarbhit, yeh 17 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein fraans kaa ack anootha vivaran pradaan kartaa haye. isamen raajaa key adhikaariyon aur doston key gharon aur shatto key drishya shamil hain, jinamen seey kaee abb nasht hoe gaye hain, aur isaliye yeh usa samay key francisi kuleen nivaason key adhyayan key liye ack amulya srot haye.
1648 key dusare sanskaran mein trutiyon koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa, jaba anya kalakaron key kaam koo jodaa gayaa thaa. dusare sanskaran mein terah naee platein jodee gaee hain, jinamen kaee shahar kii yojanaaen shamil hain, jaise.jee., lunal, montauban aur montpellier, anya key beach. kuchh platein pahale seey hii 1641 key sheershak prishth parr ack tarikh key saath prakaashit pratiyon mein dikhaai dey chuki theen, bhale hii plates parr swayam 1642,1643 aur 1644 kii taareekhen hain. unamen seey ack jack pointsart dwara utkeern corduan prakashastambh kaa ack anootha drishya haye. chastillan ney 1606 mein heinry chaturth key mantri, duke off sulee key liye prakashastambh key puuraa honey key liye ack visheshagya mulyankan prastut kiya thaa.
lui boiswin (see. 1610-1685), ack pustak prakaashak aur print vyaapaari, ney boisseu seey "topography francois" kharida aur 1655 mein ack teesara sanskaran prakaashit kiya. plates koo naam seey varnanukram mein phir seey vyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin sheershak kii kamee vaale kuchh vichaaron kii galat pehchaan kii gaee thee.
1648 aur 1655 key sanskaranon kii trutiyon aur imaraton key aakar koo badhaa-chadhaakar bataane kii rekhaachitron kii pravritti key saath-saath kaee nakkashi kii motey gunon ney kuchh itihaskaron koo "sthalaakriti francois" kii sateekta aur upayogita koo cumm karane key liye prerit kiya haye. durbhagya seey chastillan key mool chitra khou gaye hain. phir bhee, francois baudan ney tark diyaa haye kii kaam kii ack jaanch seey pataa chalata haye kii "chastillon kaa sthalaakritik drishtikon (sabse achche drishtikon key liye unaki khoj, doori kaa maap, bhoobhaag kii vishisht visheshtaon aur bhawan kii vishisht visheshtaon aadi kaa pataa lagaana)"... yeh spasht curr diyaa haye kii yeye nakkashi, sanaki aur bekaar chhaviyon seey parey, 17 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein france parr ack sateek 'report' key prishthon kaa gathan karati hain."
sthalaakriti" ack durlabh pustak haye jisaki sabhi sanskaranon sahit kewal lagbhag 15 pratiyaan maujood hain.

