
proto-taaee bhasha

proto-taaee sabhi taaee bhaashaon kii punarnirmit proto-bhasha (samanya poorvaj) haye, jisamen aadhunik laao, shaan, taaee luu, taaee baandh, ahom, uttari thaai, maanak thaai, baui aur jhuang shamil hain. proto-taaee bhasha koo kissy bhee jeevit granth dwara seedhe pramaanit naheen kiya gayaa haye, lekin tulanaatmak vidhi kaa upayog karke iska punarnirmaan kiya gayaa haye.
iska punarnirmaan 1977 mein lii fang-kuee aur 2009 mein pittayawat pittayaporn dwara kiya gayaa thaa.
dhvanivigyaan.
vyanjan.
nimnalikhit talika lii fang-kuee kii "tulanaatmak taaee kii ack pustika" (1977) key anusaar proto-taaee key vyanjanon koo darshaati haye, jise kshetra mein maanak sandarbh maanaa jaataa haye. lii yahaan [, aur] key roop mein niroopit vyanjanon kii sateek gunavatta kaa sanket naheen detaa haye, joe unake kaam mein [č, χ, z] key roop mein ingit kiye gaye hain aur kewal pellettle africate vyanjanon key roop mein varnit hain.
neeche dee gaee talika mein pittayawat pittayaporn key proto-taaee key punarnirmaan key vyanjan dhwaniyon koo soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye.: pee. 70 kuchh antar lii key vyanjanon kii alag-alag vyaakhyaaen hainh paletal vyanjanon kii vyakhya affricates key bajaay stop key roop mein kii jaati haye, aur glotalized vyanjanon koo implosive vyanjanon key liye prateekon kaa upayog karke varnit kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, pittayaporn key proto-taaee punarnirmaan mein lii seey kaee vaastavik antar hainh
kull 33-36 vyanjan, 10-11 vyanjan shabdansh code aur 25-26 toutocylabic vyanjan samooh hain.
taaee bhaashaon mein praarambhik sthiti kii tulanaa mein kodaa sthiti mein kaee cumm sambhaavit vyanjan hotey hain. lii (aur adhikansh anya shodhkarta) ack proto-taaee kodaa soochi kaa nirmaan karate hain joe aadhunik thaai mein pranali key samaan haye.
pittayaporn key proto-taaee punarnirmit vyanjan shabdansh code mein *-l, *-c, aur sambhavatah *-<unk> bhee shamil hain, joe proto-taaee key adhikansh poorv punarnirmaan mein shamil naheen hain.: pee. neeche 193 vyanjan shabdansh kodaa soochi haih
norquest (2021) proto-taaee key liye voiceless retroflex stop/τ/kaa punarnirmaan kartaa haye. proto-taaee mein aavaajaheen retroflex key udaaharan bund hotey hainh
norquest (2021) proto-taaee key liye breathy voiced initial (* bh, * dh, * ′, * ′) kii ack shrinkhala kaa bhee punarnirmaan kartaa haye. proto-taaee mein saans lene key liye aavaaz diye gaye aadyaksharon key udaaharan -
proto-taaee, proto-uttari taaee aur proto-dakshini taaee (i.ee.ostapirat (2023) mein diye gaye madhya aur dakshin-paschimi taaee bhaashaon key poorvaj) oovular adyakshar iss prakaar hain.
doosari or, praarambhik wegg patrachar samaan hain.
vyanjan samooh.
lii (1977) nimnalikhit praarambhik samoohon kaa punarnirmaan kartaa haih
pittayaporn (2009) proto-taaee key liye dou prakaar key jatil sanyojanon kaa punarnirmaan kartaa haih
pittayapornah pee seey toutosyllabic vyanjan samooh. 139 neeche diye gaye hain, jinamen seey kuchh mein madhyak *-r-, *-l-, aur *-w-hain.
pittayaporn key proto-taaee punarnirmaan mein bhee seskisilabic vyanjan samooh hain. michel ferrellus (1990) ney bhee pahale "proto-thaai-yaya" key liye seskisilables kaa prastaav rakhaa thaa. badey taaee-kadai parivaar kaa punarnirmaan dysillabic shabdon key saath kiya gayaa haye joe antatah aadhunik taaee bhaashaon mein ack-akshar vaale shabdon mein badal gaye. halanki, kuchh shabdon key beach aniyamit patrachar (vishesh roop seey alpasankhyak gair-dakshin-paschimi-taaee bhaashaon mein) pittayaporn koo sujhaav dete hain kii proto-taaee kewal seskisilabic charan (ack mukhya ack-akshar aur vaikalpik poorvavarti laghu shabdansh key saath) taka pahunch gayaa thaa. baad mein vibhinn shaakhaon mein swatantra roop seey ack-aksharon mein kamee aaee, jisake parinamswarup synchronic bhaashaon mein spasht aniyamitataaen proto-taaee sesquisables koo darshaati hain.
vishisht vastuon key udaharanon mein shamil hainh
anya samoohon mein * aar shamil hain.tii-, * tii.aich-, * kyu.aiss-, * aim.pee-, * aiss.see-, * jaid.Â-, * jee.aar-, * aim.aine-; * jee. aim.r-, * <unk>.aar-, * see.pl-, * g.lw-aadi.
swar.
neeche pittayaparn seey proto-taaee swar diye gaye hain.: pee. lii kii pranali key vipareet, pittayaporn kii pranali mein swar kii lambai kaa virodhabhas haye. kull 7 swar hain jinaki lambai vipareet haye aur 5 dipthong hain.
pittayaporn (2009) key dipthong hainh
swar.
proto-taaee mein teen vipareet swar they joe sonorant final ("live syllable") key saath samaapt hotey hain, aur obstruent final ("dade syllable") key saath syllable parr koee vipareet swar naheen thaa. yeh madhya cheeni mein sthiti key samaan haye. aitihaasik parinamon parr nazar rakhane mein suvidha key liye, proto-taaee koo aamtaur parr chaar swaron key roop mein varnit kiya jaataa haye, arthaat * aeye, * bee, * see, aur * dee, jahaan * dee ack gair-dhwani swar haye jise sabhi mrit aksharon dwara swachaalit roop seey grahan kiya jaataa haye. inn swaron koo aage ack aavaajaheen (* a1 [1], * b1 [3], * c1 [5], * d1 [7]) aur aavaaj (* a2 [2], * b2 [4], * c2 [6], * d2 [8]) shrinkhala mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye. * dee swar koo * ds (laghu swar) aur * dl (lamba swar) swaron mein bhee vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye. aavaaz key vipareet, yeye * ds1 [7], * ds2 [8], * dl1 [9], aur * dl2 [10] honge. anya kraa-daaee bhaashaon koo samaan paramparaon key saath likhaa jaataa haye.
proto-taaee swaron kii dhvanyaatmak visheshtaon kii nimnalikhit talika koo pittayaporn seey anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa.: pee. 271 dhyaan dein kii * bee aur * dee dhvanyaatmak roop seey samaan hain.
aadhunik taaee bhaashaon mein proto-taaee swar vibhinn swar moolyon aur rupankanon koo apanaate hain. inn tonal vibhajanon koo nimnalikhit sthitiyon dwara nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haih
isake alawa, villium jey. aadhunik taaee bhaashaon mein aitihaasik swar vibhajan aur vilay nirdhaarit karane mein madad karane key liye gedney ney ack "tone-boxes" vidhi vikasit kii. gedney key tone boxes key roop mein jaane jaane vaale kull 20 sambhaavit sthaan hain.
proto-taaee swar niyamit roop seey madhya cheeni swaron seey mell khaate hain. (dhyaan dein kii puraane cheeni mein swar naheen they.) nimnalikhit swar patrachar luo (2008) seey hain. dhyaan dein kii proto-taaee tone * bee madhya cheeni tone see seey mell khaata haye, aur isake vipareet.
gedney (1972) mein vishesh taaee bhaashaon key liye tonal moolyon, vibhajan aur vilay koo nirdhaarit karane key liye naidaanik shabdon kii ack soochi bhee shamil kii gaee thee. gedney boxes key pratyek koshika key liye cumm seey cumm teen naidaanik shabdon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ardhaviram seey pahale key naidaanik shabd gedney (1972) seey hain, aur ardhaviram key baad key shabd somsong (2012) aur jackson, "aitt all" seey hain."(2012). maanak thaai (siyami) shabd neeche diye gaye hain, jisamen "italysized" lipyantaran hain.
dhyaan dein kii oopar soochibaddh naidaanik shabdon kaa upayog anya taaee-kadaai shaakhaon jaise kaam-suee key liye naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, kyonki anya shaakhaon mein swar bhinn hoe sakate hain. neeche dee gaee talika taaee aur kaam-suee etima key beach inn antaron koo darshaati haye.
proto-dakshini kraa-daaee.
2007 mein, peater key. nockwest ney proto-dakshini kraa-daaee kaa praarambhik punarnirmaan kiya, joe halaai bhaashaon key paitrik hain, ong bhasha aur taaee bhaashaaen hain. isamen 28 vyanjan, 5-7 swar, 9 bund chhand (swar kii lambai sahit naheen) aur cumm seey cumm 1 dipthong, * <unk>a (c) hain.
proto-dakshini kraa-daaee madhya vyanjanon mein bhee shamil hainh
proto-dakshini kraa-daaee mein dipthong * <unk>a (c) bhee shamil haye.
shabdansh sanrachana.
apane aadhunik-dinn key accersillabic vanshajon key vipareet, proto-taaee ack seskisilabic bhasha thee (pittayaporn 2009). neeche pittayaporn seey kuchh sambhaavit proto-taaee akshar aakar diye gaye hain.: pee. 64
"kinvadanti":
proto-taaee seey aadhunik taaee bhaashaon key vikas key dauran, eksootran mein paanch charanon kii ack shrinkhala shamil thee.: pee. 181
roopvigyaan.
robbert aim. doubleu. dixon (1998) kaa sujhaav haye kii proto-taaee bhasha apane roopvigyaan mein fusional thee kyonki bhasha key vanshajon key beach shabdon key sambandhit sett joe ablout key madhyam seey sambandhit prateet hotey hain.
vaakya rachana.
proto-taaee mein cheeni aur lagbhag sabhi aadhunik taaee bhaashaon kii tarah ack swo (vishay-kriya-vastu) shabd crum thaa. iska vakyavinyas cheeni bhasha seey bahut prabhaavit thaa.
lexical isoglos.
kra-halaai-taaee isoglos key udaharanon kii pehchaan norquest (2021) dwara kii gaee haih
norquest (2021) dwara pehchaane gaye halaai-bey-taaee isoglos key udaaharanah
bey-taaee isoglos key udaharanon kii pehchaan norquest (2021) dwara kii gaee haih
proto-taaee ney naak aur puraane cheeni koo prajanit kiya.
ostapirat (2023) nott kartaa haye kii proto-hmong-mian mein, proto-taaee mein prenasalized vyanjan adyakshar aksar puraane cheeni mein prenasalized vyanjan aadyaksharon key saath mell khaate hain (neeche puraane cheeni punarnirmaan key saath baxter aur sagart 2014).
baahari link.
shabdakosh