
heneo

 (vartani bhee) (hangulah; shaabdik. "samudri mahilaaen") dakshin koriyai praant jeju mein mahila gotakhor hain, jinaki aajeevika mein samudra seey vibhinn prakaar key molsk, samudri shaiwal aur anya samudri jeevan kii kataai shamil haye. apani swatantra bhavna, dridh sankalp aur dridh sankalp key liye jaane jaane vaale, jeju key ardh-matrisattatmak parivaar sanrachana key pratinidhi hain.
itihas.
jeju kii gotakhori kii parampara 434 esvi seey haye. mool roop seey, gotakhori ack vishesh roop seey purush pesha thaa, apavaad key roop mein una mahilaaon key saath joe apane patiyon key saath kaam karati theen. saahitya mein mahila gotakhoron kaa pahala ullekh 17veen shatabdi taka naheen aaya, jaba jeju bhugol kaa ack monograph unhein (shaabdik roop seey "gotakhor mahilaaon") key roop mein varnit kartaa haye.
18veen shatabdi taka, mahila gotakhoron kii sankhya, jinhen aamtaur parr iss samay gotakhoron key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, purush gotakhoron seey adhik thee. iss badalaav key liye kaee sambhaavit vyaakhyaaen maujood hain. udaaharan key liye, 17veen shatabdi mein, yuddh yaa gahare samudra mein machhali pakadane kii durghatanaon key kaaran samudra mein badee sankhya mein purushon kii mrityu hoe gaee, jiska arth haye kii gotakhori mahilaaon kaa kaam bunn gayaa. ack anya vyakhya yeh haye kii mahilaaon mein purushon kii tulanaa mein adhik twacha key neeche kii vasaa aur adhik kampakaane vaali seema hoti haye, jisase way thhande paani mein kaam karane key liye behtar anukool hoe jaati hain. 18veen shatabdi key ack dastaavez mein darj haye kii sookhe abalon key curr aam logon parr lagaae gaye they, jisase kaee mahilaaon koo garbhavati honey key dauran thhande paani mein gotaa lagaane key liye majboor honah padaa.
jaise-jaise samudri gotakhori ack mahila pradhaan udyog bunn gayaa, baad mein kaee logon ney apane patiyon koo praathamik mazdoor key roop mein badal diyaa. yeh pravritti vishesh roop seey 1910 mein japani upanivesh koria key baad pramukh thee aur gotakhori bahut adhik aakarshak hoe gaee thee. iss bindu taka, joe kuchh bhee kaataa gayaa thaa, uska adhikansh hissa joson sarkaar koo shraddhanjali key roop mein diyaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, jaba japaniyon ney satta sambhali, tou unhone iss parampara koo samaapt curr diyaa, jisase way bajar mein apani machhali betch sakate they aur laabh kamaa sakate they. isake alawa, japani aur koriyai vyapariyon ney japan aur koriyai mukhya bhoomi parr vetan-shramikon key roop mein unake liye kaam karane key liye kaam kiya, jisase unaki vittiya sthiti mein bahut vriddhi hui. inchian key paas ack dweep yonpiong-ree mein, jahan kaee loga kaam karate they, unaki majdoori, ausatan, ack vishisht parivaar kii kull aaya kaa 40 seey 48 pratishat thee. jeju kii arthavyavastha aur unaki vyaktigat parivarik ikaaiyon mein pramukh sthaan japani upanivesh key lambe samay baad bhee jaari rhaa. udaaharan key liye, 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein, jeju key matsya paalan rajaswa mein fasal kaa yogdan 60 pratishat thaa, aur 40 pratishat pati berojgar rahey.
samaaj mein.
kyonki itane saare parivaar apani aaya key adhikansh hisse key liye ack ardh-matrisattatmak samaaj parr nirbhar they, isaliye ack ardh-matrisattatmak samaaj jeju parr vikasit huaa jisamen parivaar key mukhiya they. jeju key tata seey door chhote dweepon parr, jaise kii maaraa dweep, jahan samudri gotakhori aaya kaa ekmatra srot thaa, paaramparik ling bhoomikaon key iss ulatafer koo poori tarah seey mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa; purush bachchon kii dekhbhal karate they aur kharidari karane jaate they jabaki mahilaaen parivaar key liye paise laati theen. jeju key advitiya samaaj kii anya abhivyaktiyon mein dulhan key parivaar koo dahej dene vaale purush (koriyai mukhya bhoomi parr pratha koo ulatana) aur ladakon key janm parr ladkiyon key janm kaa jashn manaane vaale parivaar shamil hain.
jabaki jeju mein ack matrisattatmak samaaj key kuchh tatva saamane aae, way confucianism kii pradhaantaa koo poori tarah seey door karane key liye paryaapt naheen they. natijatan, gharelu kshetra seey parey, jeju samaaj key baare mein bahut cumm kuchh koriyai mukhya bhoomi parr maujood thaa. udaaharan key liye, purushon ney sabhi raajneetik netritva kii bhoomikaaen nibhai aur kewal vahee they joe poorvaj-pooja samaroh curr sakate they aur sampatti aur parivarik vansh key uttaradhikari they. isake alawa, aupaniveshik shasson key yug key dauran, kisan baney rahey, kabhi bhee chhote vyavasaay key malik yaa samudri khaadya nirmaan sanyantron key prabandhak banane key liye shrinkhala mein aage naheen badhe. ghar mein bhee, adhikansh praathamik dekhbhal karane vaale baney rahey aur cumm seey cumm aadhe gharelu kaam sambhaalate they.
aaj, jeju key sabse moolyavaan khajaane mein seey ack key roop mein manaaya jaataa haye. koriyai sarkaar jeju kii sanskriti mein unake advitiya yogdan key liye unake upkaranon koo subsidy dekar aur unhein taaja samudri bhojan bechane key liye vishesh adhikaar dekar apani sarahana dikhaati haye. isake alawa, march 2014 mein, sarkaar ney unesco seey apani amoort saanskritik viraasat soochi mein jodane kaa anurodh kiya. 2016 seey unesco kii amoort saanskritik viraasat soochi mein ankit kiya gayaa thaa aur 2017 seey dakshin koriyai amoort saanskritik sampatti key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa.
ghatati sankhya.
kaee anya aitihaasik saanskritik prathaon kii tarah, samudri gotakhori udyog audyogikaran kaa shikaar hoe gayaa haye. 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein, koriyai sarkaar ney harr praant mein desh kii arthavyavastha koo badhaava dene key tareeke khoje. kyonki jeju karkhanon key nirmaan key liye ack vyaavhaarik sthaan naheen thaa, koriyai sarkaar ney ise mandarin santare key niryaatak mein badalane kaa faisala kiya. 1969 taka, adhikansh graameen shramik iss nae udyog mein shamil hoe gaye they. isake alawa, jeju mein lagbhag 2 pratishat bhoomi mandarin santare kii kheti key liye samarpit thee. 1970 key dashak mein, sarkaar ney jeju key paryatan udyog koo majboot karane key liye ack aur karyakram shuru kiya. 1978 taka, paryatan ney dweep key sabse badey udyog key roop mein krishi koo peechhe chhod diyaa thaa.
inn sabhi parivartanon kaa sankhya parr mahatvapurna prabhaav padaa. dayaniya paristhitiyon mein peeth todane vaale shram key vikalp diye jaane parr, mahilaaon ney badey paimaane parr samudri gotakhori udyog koo chhod diyaa. 1965 aur 1970 key beach key paanch varshon mein, sankhya 23,081 seey ghatkar 14,143 reh gaee. jeevan shally key liye aur bhee adhik hanikarak, shiksha key avsaron aur ubharate udyogon mein aakarshak padon ney yuva ladkiyon koo banane seey roque diyaa haye. 1970 mein, 31 pratishat 30 varsh yaa usase cumm ayu key they, 55 pratishat 30 seey 49 varsh key beach key they aur kewal 14 pratishat 50 yaa usase adhik ayu key they. haalaanki, 98 pratishat kii ayu 50 varsh seey adhik thee.
vikasatmak prakriya, upkaran, gotakhori kaa swaroop aur fasal.
paaramparik roop seey, ladkiyon ney 11 saal kii umr seey prashikshan shuru curr diyaa thaa. uthale paani seey shuru karate hue, prashikshuon ney adhik chunautipurna gaharaai taka kaam kiya. lagbhag saat saal key prashikshan key baad, ack ladki koo "poorna vikasit" maanaa jaataa thaa. aaj, sabse puraane 80 varsh seey adhik umr key hain, aur 66 seey adhik varshon seey gotakhori curr rahey hain.
ack saath, ack upkaran mein ack waitsuit, diving mask, pankh, dastaane, chhaati kaa vajan (diving mein sahaayata key liye) ack ell-aakar kii niraai nauka, aur ack floatation upkaran seey judaa ack jaal shamil hotaa haye. jaba taka way dinn bhar key liye taiyar naheen hoe jaate, taba taka way apani pakad koo inn jaalon mein chhipa curr rakhate hain.
paani mein kitna samay bitana mausam parr nirbhar kartaa haye. waitsuit upalabdh honey seey pahale aur way kewal sooti swimsuit pahanate they, sardiyon key maheenon key dauran ack baar mein kewal ack ghante taka paani mein reh sakate they. ack ghante key baad, way paani seey baahar nikale aur sookhane key liye 3-4 ghante taka aag key paas baithe rahey. iss viram key baad, way ack aur ghante key liye paani mein vaapas kood jaate. haalaanki, garmiyon key maheenon key dauran, way ack baar mein 3 ghante taka paani mein rukte they. waitsuit kii shuruat key saath, paaya gayaa kii way sardiyon key dauran bhee ack baar mein paanch seey chhah ghante taka paani mein reh sakate hain.
pratyek gotaa key saath, gaharaai taka dooben aur teen minut seey adhik samay taka apani saans roque sakate hain. unaki fasal mein abalon, shankh, octopus, samudri archin, samudri squart, braun elga, topp shale, vibhinn prakaar key saragasam, seep aur samudri slug aadi shamil hain. gotakhoron koo jelifish, kharaab mausam aur shark jaise khatron kaa saamana karna padata haye.

