
abd all-rahman all-mahadi

sayed abd all-rahman all-mahadi, kebe (; juuna 1885-24 march 1959) anglo-misra sudan (1898-1955) mein aupaniveshik yug key dauran pramukh dhaarmik aur raajneetik hastiyon mein seey ack they, aur sudan key swatantra honey key baad nava-mahadiyon key netaa key roop mein mahaan adhikaar kaa prayog karna jaari rakhaa. angrejon ney sudani logon parr apane prabhaav kaa fayda uthaane kii koshish kii, saath hii saath unake uddeshyon parr gahara avishvaas kiya. anglo-misra key sudan key adhikansh aupaniveshik yug mein angrejon ney sayed abd all-rahman all-mahadi koo mahadiyon key ack udaarvaadi netaa key roop mein mahatvapurna dekhaa.
abd all-rahman muhammad ahmed binn abd allah key maranoparant putra they, jinhone 1881 mein khud koo islami dharm kaa mahadi yaa muktidata ghoshit kiya thaa, aur unaki senaa dwara khartoum parr kabja karane key kuchh maheenon baad 1885 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. 1898 mein ack sanyukt british aur misra kii senaa ney sudan parr phir seey kabja curr liya. sabse pahale, angrejon ney abd all-rahman kii gatividhi aur gatividhi koo gambhir roop seey pratibandhit curr diyaa. haalaanki, vaha jald hii ansar dhaarmik sampradaay key "imam" (netaa) key roop mein ubhare, joe mahadist andolan key samarthak they.
angrejon ney abd all-rahman key saath ghanishth raajneetik sambandh banaae rakhe. iss beach, vaha kapas utpaadan seey ameer hoe gaye, jisake liye unake samarthakon ney shram pradaan kiya kyonki way ack bachche key roop mein abaa dweep parr nirvaasit they, aur apane logon key beach prabhaavshaali aur achchi tarah seey pyaar karate they. british prashaasan ney una parr avishvaas kiya kyonki way unhein niyantrit naheen curr sakey yaa unakaa upayog sudan parr prabhaav daalane key liye naheen curr sakey.
1930 key dashak mein, abd all-rahman ney misra aur britten key beach ack sandhi key khilaf baat kii, jisane sudan mein samprabhuta key misra key daavon koo maanyata dee, halanki kissy bhee sudani seey paramarsh naheen kiya gayaa thaa. unhone apana mamla banaane key liye landan kii yatra kii. unake ansar anuyaayi 1938 mein sthaapit aam congress mein ack prabhaavshaali gutt bunn gaye, aur 1944 mein sthaapit uttaradhikari salaahkaar parishad mein. abd all-rahman 1956 mein sudan key swatantra honey seey pahale aur usake thheek baad kii avadhi mein rashtravadi umma (rashtra) raajneetik dall key sanrakshak they. 1958 mein umma party ney swatantrata key baad pahale sansadiya chunaavon mein sabse adhik seeten jeetin. navambar 1958 mein senaa ney ack takhtapalat kiya, jiska abdul-rahman ney samarthan kiya. 24 march 1959 koo 73 varsh kii ayu mein unakaa nidhan hoe gayaa.
prishthabhoomi.
pracheen kaal seey misra ney bhoomadhyasagariya aur arab, bhaarat aur poorv key deshon key beach vyaapaar maarg koo faila diyaa haye. 1869 mein suez nahar key khulane key saath isane bahut badaa ranneetik mahatva praapt curr liya. 1882 mein angrejon ney anglo-misra yuddh mein misra parr prabhaavi niyantran curr liya.
uttari aur madhya sudan nammatra misra key aadhipatya key adheen thaa kyonki ack ottoman senaa ney 1821 mein iss kshetra parr vijay praapt kii thee aur kabja curr liya thaa. praathamik uddeshya kshetriya vijay naheen thaa, balki misra kii senaa mein seva karane key liye daason key srot koo surakshit karna thaa. karon key badale mein bhugtan kiye gaye daason koo dakshin sudan key poorv durgam kshetron seey laaya gayaa thaa. jaba 1862 mein british khojkarta saimuel becker ney khartoum kaa daura kiya, tou unhone paaya kii governor-general sahit shahar mein harr koee gulamon key vyaapaar mein shamil thaa. misra aur nubian sainya-dall iss bhoomi parr kabje kii senaa kii tarah rahate they. rishwatkhori hii kuchh bhee karane kaa ekmatra tarika thaa. jailon mein yaatana aur kode maarnaa aam baat thee. becker ney khartoum key baare mein kahaa kii "isase adhik dayaniya aur aswasthyakar jagah kii shayed hii kalpana kii jaa sakati haye. unhone governor general moosa paasha koo "ack jangli janwar kii krurta key saath sabse buri praachya viphaltaon" key sanyojan key roop mein varnit kiya.
1870 key dashak mein, muhammad ahmed naamak ack muslim maulavi ney misra key logon seey sudan kii aastha aur mukti key navikaran kaa upadesh denaa shuru kiya. 1881 mein unhone khud koo islami duniya key vaadaa kiye gaye muktidata, mahadi ghoshit kiya. mahadi key anuyaayiyon koo "ansar" yaa sahayak naam diyaa gayaa thaa, yeh naam madina key nagrikon koo diyaa gayaa thaa jinhone paigambar muhammad kii madad kii thee. dhaarmik aur raajneetik vidroh ney gati pakadi, misra key loga lagaatar apani jameen khou rahey they aur angrejon ney iss dooradraj key kshetra mein ack mahangi bhagidari key liye bahut cumm utsaah dikhaaya. 1883 key anta taka, ansar senaa ney misra kii teen senaaon kaa safaya curr diyaa thaa. vidroh koo dabaane key liye villium hicks key netritva mein ack bull bheja gayaa thaa lekin usey nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa. jaba darfur key rajyapal, slatin paasha ney mahadi key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa, tou sudan kaa lagbhag puuraa paschim mahadi key niyantran mein aaa gayaa thaa.
mejar-general charles george gorden koo khartoum seey misra key sainya-dall koo nikaalane kaa kaam diyaa gayaa thaa. vaha 18 farwari 1884 koo pahunche. gorden khartoum kii aabaadi koo mahadi kii senaaon key havaale karane key liye anichhuk they, aur yeh bhee mahsoos kiya kii shahar koo khaali karke vaha mahadi key liye misra koo dhamki dene kaa maarg khol denge. unhone carro mein adhikaariyon parr vaikalpik maargon kaa sujhaav dene vaale taaron seey bambari kii, aur nikasi shuru karane mein deree kii. 13 march 1884 koo khartoum key uttar kii janjaatiyon ney mahadi key liye ghoshana kii, telegraph mein katauti kii aur nadee yatayat koo avaruddh curr diyaa. 313 dinon kii gherabandi key baad 25 janwari 1885 koo khartoum koo gher liya gayaa thaa. shahar key girane aur gherabandi key maare jaane key dou dinn baad ack raahat dall aaya. gorden kii mrityu parr britten mein ack alpakaalik saarvajanik akrosh key bavjood, britten ney kaee varshon taka sudan mein aage koee kaarravaai naheen kii.
mahadiya (1885-1898).
muhammad ahmed kii apani jeet key kuchh maheenon baad typhus seey mrityu hoe gaee, aur unhone satta apane teen pratinidhiyon yaa "khalifaaon" parr chhod dee. abd all-rahman kaa janm apane pitaa kii mrityu key teen saptah baad 15 julaai 1885 koo omdurman mein huaa thaa. unaki maan darfur key poorv sultan mohammad all-fadal kii poti theen. ack bachche key roop mein, abd all-rahman kii ekmatra aupchaarik shiksha ack dhaarmik vidyalaya kii thee jahan chhaatr kurran koo yaad karate they. gyaarah saal kii umr taka way kurran padh sakate they.
lambe sangharsh key baad, 1891 taka paschim key yuddhapriya khanabdosh baggara arabon key samarthan key kaaran khalifa abdallahi ibn muhammad ekmatra netaa key roop mein ubhare. vaha mahadiya, mahadist raajya kaa ack saksham aur nirdayi shaasak saabit huaa. shuru mein raajya koo ack jihadi raajya key roop mein sainya aadhar parr chalaaya jaataa thaa. baad mein, prashaasan kaa ack adhik paaramparik roop pesh kiya gayaa. khalifa ney sudan mein apane shasson koo majboot kiya, phir march 1889 mein samrat yohannes chaturth kii hatyaa curr dee aur gonder taka pravesh kiya. usee varsh, khalifa ney tushki mein misra parr hamla kiya, lekin haar gaye.
haalaanki, raajya koo aarthik samasyaon aur khalifa key aantarik virodh seey peedit honah padaa, vishesh roop seey mahadi key parivaar seey, aur khalifa koo samekan parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye majboor honah padaa. angrejon ney usaki kamjori kaa pataa lagaaya, aur kuchh hudd taka gorden kii maut kaa badala lene kii ichcha seey prerit ack aakraman taiyar kiya, aur kuchh hudd taka apane kapada udyog key liye kachche kapas kii ichcha seey. 1896 mein ack vyavasthit aakraman shuru kiya gayaa thaa joe dheere-dheere dakshin kii or badh rhaa thaa, jise senaa ney apane maarg parr ack railway dwara samarthit kiya thaa. senaa sitambar 1897 mein barbar aur aprail 1898 mein atbara pahunchi. general kitchner key netritva mein british aur misra kii senaa ney 2 sitambar 1898 koo omdurman kii ladaai mein khalifa koo haraaya. iss ladaai koo mahadiyon key liye karari kii ladaai key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
apani pustak "dha river vaar" mein, surr winston churchill, joe yuddh mein maujood they, ney parinam kaa saransh diyaah "nadee yuddh samaapt hoe gayaa haye. apane vibhinn pathyakram mein, joe chaudah varshon taka faila aur jisamen shayed 300,000 logon kii asaamyik tabahi shamil thee, kaee charam seemaaen aur virodhabhas pradarshit kiye gaye hain. aisee ladaaiyaan hui hain joe narsamhar theen, aur anya joe kewal pared theen. chaunkaane vaali kayarta aur aashcharyajanak veerata key avsar aae hain... buddhi aur akshamta. lekin parinam bahut hudd taka praapt hoe gayaa haye aur ingland aur misra key jhandon koo nile kii ghaati mein chunauti naheen dee gaee haye.
sitambar 1898 mein angrejon ney mahadi key parivaar koo neele nile parr all-shakaba bheja. samooh mein khalifa muhammad sharif, mahadi key chachere bhaai aur unake chune hue uttaradhikariyon mein seey ack shamil they. 1899 mein sarkaar ney afavaahen suneen kii parivaar samooh mahadist key punruddhar kii vakaalat curr rhaa thaa aur all-shakaba mein ack sainya bull bheja. ack vivaran mein kahaa gayaa haye kii bull ney parivaar aur anuyaayiyon parr hamla kiya, una parr betartib dhang seey golibari kii. abd all-rahman buri tarah seey ghayal hoe gayaa aur usake dou badey bhaai maare gaye. ack anya vivaran mein kahaa gayaa haye kii muhammad sharif aur mahadi key dou badey beton koo giraftar curr liya gayaa thaa. jaba unhein bachaane kaa prayaas kiya gayaa tou jhadap hoe gaee. muhammad sharif aur mahadi key dou beton koo court marshel trial mein doshi paaya gayaa aur unhein goli maar dee gaee.
angrejon key prati sangathit pratirodh 1899 taka samaapt hoe gayaa thaa, halanki chhitput ladaai kuchh aur varshon taka jaari rahee. siddhant roop mein angrejon ney "condominium" naamak vyavastha key madhyam seey misra key saath saajhedaari mein anglo-misra soodaan parr shasson kiya. vyavhaar mein, haalaanki misra ney sudan parr sainya vijay aur kabje kii adhikansh laagat wahan kii, lekin angrejon ney apani pasand key anusaar desh koo chalaaya. 19 janwari 1899 key condominium samjhaute key tahat senaa aur nagrik prashaasan key pramukh ack british-naamit governor general they, jinhone carro sarkaar seey swatantra roop seey kaam kiya.
british shasson kaa praarambhik kaal.
angrejon key niyantran mein aaney key baad, abd all-rahman pahale gezira mein ack rishtedaar key saath rahate they. mahaanireekshak slatin paasha kii salah parr, british shasson key shuruati varshon mein abd all-rahman parr lagaatar najar rakhee jaati thee, unhein bahut cumm bhatta diyaa jaataa thaa aur unhein khud koo "imam" yaa "mahadi" kahane kii anumati naheen thee. slattin aur governor-general reginald winget donon mahdiwad koo samaapt karane key liye dridh they. slattin koo gyaarah saal taka mahadiyon kaa kaidi rakhaa gayaa thaa. unhone mahadist key netaaon parr kaee pratibandh lagaae jaise kii unhein mahadist kii prarthana pustak padhane seey pratibandhit karna, mahadist kii kabr key alawa unaki aavaajaahi seey judey "pavitra" sthaanon parr jaane seey, aur kabr parr prarthana karane yaa chadhaava dene seey.
1906 seey abd all-rahman omdurman key paas gejirat all-phil mein rahate they. vaha khufiya vibhaag dwara nirantar aur aakramak paryavekshan key adheen thaa. haalaanki, 1908 key baad abd all-rahman koo omdurman mein rahane aur muhammad all-badaavi naamak ack pratishthit azharite key tahat adhyayan karane kii anumati dee gaee, jahan unhone islami nyayshastra aur hadis yaa paigambar kii parampara sahit apane dharm key mool siddhanton kii kuchh samajh praapt kii. haalaanki, vaha kabhi bhee apane pitaa kii tarah ack sushikshit aur jaankaar islami vidwan naheen bunn sakey. sarkaar ney unhein 1908 mein omdurman mein parivarik masjid banaane key liye paise udhaar diye, aur unhein abaa dweep parr apane pitaa kii jameen kaa ack hissa kheti karane diyaa. unhone apane shantipurna iradon parr jore diyaa, upaniveshvaadi sarkaar koo aashvast kiya kii unakaa andolan khatarnak naheen thaa. ack british adhikaari ney 1909 mein, jaba way lagbhag chaubis varsh key they, unhein "gande kapadon mein ack apmaanjanak, udas dikhane vaalaa yuva" key roop mein varnit kiya. 1910 mein unhone ack saarvajanik bhaashan diyaa jisamen unhone anglo-misra sudan key condominium prashaasan kaa samarthan kiya.
abd all-rahman ney chupchaap ansar koo ack dhaarmik sampradaay key roop mein phir seey sangathit karna shuru curr diyaa. 1914 taka, vaha omdurman yaa abaa dweep parr ekant mein rahata thaa, jiss parr slattin key khufiya agents dwara kadee najar rakhee jaati thee. nigrani key bavjood, unhone safed neel kshetra mein kaafee prabhaav daala. vaha aksar apane anuyaayiyon seey milane key liye omdurman kii kaee masjidon mein jaataa thaa taaki uska chehra dhakaa rahey taaki sarkari agent usey pehchaan naa sakein. unhein kaee agantukon ney aashirvaad diyaa.
pratham vishva yuddh.
jaba 1914 mein pratham vishva yuddh chhid gayaa, tou turkey ney britten key khilaf germany kaa paksh liya. governor-general winget koo sudani logon koo yeh samajhaana padaa kii turkey abb vaastav mein ack muslim raajya naheen thaa. winget koo kathor poorv turkey shasson kii sudani yaadon seey madad millie. winget ney britten koo islam kaa sachcha rakshak bataaya aur turkey shasakon koo "yahoodiyon, vittaposhit karane vaalon aur cumm umr key shadyantrakariyon kaa giroh" kahaa. british aur adhikansh uttari sudani logon ney mukhya islami samoohon key netaaon, saiyyad koo logon key liye swabhavik pravakta key roop mein dekhaa. winget ney british uddeshya kaa samarthan karane key liye sayed abd all-rahman koo shamil karane kaa faisala kiya. abd all-rahman ney saarvajanik roop seey angrejon key liye apana puuraa samarthan ghoshit kiya aur 1915 mein nuba pahaadon mein vidroh koo dabaane mein sahaayata kii.
1915 mein abd all-rahman ney desh key una hisson mein kaee daure kiye aur yaatraaen keen jahaan mahadwad abhee bhee majboot thaa, vishesh roop seey safed neel kshetra key baggara key beach, turkey sultan key jihad key ahwan key virodh mein bolate hue. 1915 mein jaba unhone abaa dweep kaa daura kiya, tou hajaaron talwar leey jaane vaale mahadiyon ney unakaa swaagat kiya, jinhone prarthana kii kii "vaha dinn aaa gayaa haye. mahadist key punrutthan kii sambhavana seey chintit, angrejon ney unhein 1916 mein omdurman lautane kaa adesh diyaa. haalaanki, abd all-rahman ney neele neel aur fanj praanton mein aur baad mein cordophan aur darfur mein agent niyukt kiye. unaki pratyaksh bhoomika kissy bhee avaidh gatividhi parr report karna aur angrejon koo karon key bhugtan koo protsaahit karna thaa. unhone apani yaatraon kaa laabh uthaate hue all-rahman koo "zakaat" kaa bhugtan ekatra kiya aur ansar koo protsaahit kiya, joe abb swatantra roop seey avaidh mahadist prarthana pustak "ratib all-mahadi" kaa upayog karate they.
angrejon ney ansar andolan key ack aise sanskaran key vikas koo protsaahit kiya joe kattar naheen thaa, aur abd all-rahman kii mahatvakankshaon koo samaayojit karane key liye bahut kuchh kiya, halanki way sudan key raajaa banane key unake lakshya kaa samarthan karane taka naheen jaa sakey. haalaanki, pratham vishva yuddh key dauran mahadwad kii sahishnuta aur samarthan bhee aadhikarik neeti parr adharit naheen thaa. ack british adhikaari, joe iss samay abd all-rahman koo diye gaye samarthan kii aalochana curr rahey they, ney baad mein likhaa kii kuchh parivartan "jaanboojhkar prastaavit neeti kaa sanshodhan thaa; anya... kii gaee kaarravaai kaa apratyaashit parinam; anya, shayed bahumat, satahi roop seey ack kramik bahaav kaa pratinidhitva karate hain, jisake baare mein sarkaar usa samay behosh thee.
pratham vishva yuddh key baad.
1919 mein sayed abd all-rahman all-mahadi sudani prasiddh logon key ack pratinidhimandal mein seey they joe yuddh mein british jeet parr united kingdam key raajaa george pancham koo badhaai dene key liye landan gaye they. wafadari key ack naatakiya bhaav mein, abd all-rahman ney mahadi kii talwar raajaa koo bhent kii. pratinidhimandal kaa netritva khatamiya andolan key netaa sayed allie all-mirghani ney kiya thaa, joe baad mein kaee muddon parr abd all-rahman key saath bhid gaye they.
yuddh key baad, turkey samrajya toot gayaa, jisase misra key raashtravaad kaa punruddhar huaa. kuchh misriyon ney daavaa kiya kii sudan misra kaa ack praakritik vistaar thaa. sudan kaa drishtikon mishrit thaa, kuchh loga british prabhaav kii bharpai key liye misra key saath sambandh chaahte they aur anya loga misra kii poorna swatantrata chaahte they.
yuddh key baad kii avadhi mein, mahadi kaa parivaar sinchai aur pravaasi majdooron, mukhya roop seey darfur aur cordophan key unake baggara anuyaayiyon key aadhar parr kapas utpaadan seey samriddh hoe gayaa. yeye paschimi janjaatiyaan mool mahadist andolan kii reedh rahee theen. nadee kii janjaatiyaan pratidvandi khatamiya andolan kaa paksh lene key liye adhik ichchuk theen. sarkaar ney inn vaanijyik udyamon mein abd all-rahman kaa samarthan kiya. abd all-rahman kii aarthik gatividhi aur kapas key kheton kii sinchai key liye vyapariyon aur pump-yojanaon key maalikon key saath vyaapak samparkon ney unhein vanijya mein lagey sudani logon key beach prabhaav diyaa. 1 janwari 1922 seey, sarkaar ney puraane aur una logon key alawa anya mahadiston koo bhatton kaa bhugtan nilambit curr diyaa, jinaki aavaajaahi pratibandhit thee. abd all-rahman koo diye jaane vaale bhatte mein kuchh vriddhi kii gaee thee, lekin kewal isaliye kii vaha boodhi mahilaaon aur anya kamjor logon kaa samarthan curr sakey jinake bhatte roque diye gaye they.
1920 key dashak taka, abd all-rahman ack sammaanit dhaarmik aur raajneetik netaa they. 1921 mein, unhone apane ghar parr ack baithak kii, jahan upasthit logon ney dou dastavejon parr hastakshar kiye, joe mahadist uddeshyon koo nirdhaarit karate hain. yeye sudan key liye misra key bajaay britten dwara shaasit honey key liye they, aur sudan key liye antatah swa-shasson praapt karane key liye they. 1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein, harr saal 5,000 seey 15,000 teerthayaatri ramjan manaane key liye abaa dweep parr aaa rahey they. unamen seey kaee logon ney abd all-rahman kii pehchaan "eesaa", paigambar yeeshu key saath kii, aur maanaa kii vaha isai upaniveshvadiyon koo sudan seey baahar nikaal dega. angrejon ney paaya kii abd all-rahman nigeria aur cameroon mein agents aur netaaon key saath patrachar curr rahey they, joe isaaiyon parr mahadiyon kii antim jeet kii bhavishyavani curr rahey they. unhone inn upaniveshon mein ashanti key liye unhein doshi thaharaaya. 1924 mein paschim africa key teerthyatriyon dwara abaa dweep parr badey paimaane parr pradarshan karane key baad, abd all-rahman koo teerthyatraon koo rokane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa.
lambe samay taka angrej abd all-rahman key prati apane ravaiye mein duvidha mein they. unhone pratham vishva yuddh key dauran aur 1924 mein moolyavaan raajneetik sahaayata pradaan kii thee. doosari or, sudan sarkaar ney paaya kii unaki sevaaon kaa ack chhipa huaa agenda thaa aur unake karyon koo "talmatol karane vaalaa aur avarodhak" bataaya. santulan banaane parr angrejon ney abd all-rahman key saath ack sahayogi key roop mein vyavhaar karna sabse achchha paaya, halanki kuchh logon ney mahsoos kiya kii governor-general reginald winget (1900-18) unake prati bahut udaar they. sitambar 1924 mein khatamiya andolan key netaa aur abd all-rahman key pratidvandi sayed allie all-mirghani ney kahaa kii vaha sayed abd all-rahman key tahat ack swatantra rajshahi honey kii bajaay sudan koo misra key raajya kaa hissa banaana pasand karenge. usa samay angrejon ney sayed allie kaa samarthan kiya, jinhen way vishuddh roop seey ack dhaarmik netaa key roop mein dekhate they, jabaki way abd all-rahman koo sambhaavit roop seey khatarnak raajneetik mahatvakankshaon vaalaa maanate they.
raajneetik sankat.
1924 mein, misra mein ack sankat thaa jaba angrejon key prati shatrutapurna sarkaar chuni gaee thee. 19 navambar 1924 koo sudan key governor surr lii stack kii carro seey gujarate hue hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. angrejon ney gusse key saath jawab diyaa, misra kii sarkaar seey saarvajanik maafi, jaanch, pradarshanon koo dabaane aur badey jurmaane key bhugtan kii maang kii. isake alawa, unhone sudan seey sabhi misra key adhikaariyon aur misra kii senaa ikaaiyon koo vaapas lene, gejira mein ack sinchai yojana key dayare koo badhaane aur misra mein videshi niveshakon kii suraksha key liye kaanoonon kii maang kii.
sudan mein misra kii senaa kii ikaaiyon ney misra key raajaa key saath apani shapath seey bandhe apane british adhikaariyon key aadeshon kaa paalan karane seey incar curr diyaa aur vidroh curr diyaa. angrejon ney vidroh koo hinsak roop seey dabaa diyaa, misra kii senaa koo sudan seey hataa diyaa aur misra key adhikaariyon key prashaasan koo shuddh curr diyaa. condominium" kanuni roop seey lagu rhaa, jaisa kii yeh sudan key swatantrata praapt karane taka thaa, lekin vyavhaar mein misra kaa abb sudan key prashaasan mein koee adhikaar naheen thaa. vidroh key baad angrejon ney shikshit sudani logon koo misra seey aayatit "khatarnak" rashtravadi vichaaron key sambhaavit pracharakon key roop mein dekhaa. haalaanki abd all-rahman ney sarkaar kaa samarthan kiya thaa aur misra key sthaaniya samarthakon kii ninda kii thee, lekin unhein aupaniveshik shakti key sambhaavit dushman key roop mein sandeh key saath dekhaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, 1926 kii shuruat mein, abd all-rahman koo kebe (british samrajya key adesh key shurveer commander) seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
surr geophrey tirandaj koo 1925 mein surr lii stack key sthaan parr sudan kaa governor-general niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unake shuruati nirnayon mein seey ack sudan raksha bull kaa gathan shuru karna thaa, jisamen ack kamaan misra kii senaa seey poori tarah seey alag thee. unhone sarvocch senapati key liye misra kii upaadhi "sardar" koo hataa diyaa, aur misra kii tarbosh naheen pahani. unhone yeh bahut spasht curr diyaa kii way vishuddh roop seey sudani senaa key commander inn cheef they, jabaki sudani adhikaariyon koo aashvast kiya jinhone misra kii senaa mein seva kii thee kii aggar unhone vidroh mein bhaag naheen liya hotaa tou unhein banaae rakhaa jaataa. british adhikaari, joe phir seey mahadwad key prati shatrutapurna hoe gaye they, ney sudani raksha bull mein ansar key namankan parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa.
sudan kii raajneetik seva ney tirandaj koo salah dee kii vaha abd all-rahman koo haath kii lambai parr rakhein. march 1926 mein tirandaj ney iss salah koo nazarandaj curr diyaa aur sainikon aur adhikaariyon key poorna anurakshan key saath abaa dweep parr abd all-rahman kaa aadhikarik daura kiya. jaba tirandaj 14 farwari koo pahunche, tou sayed abd all-rahman ney 1,500 ansar samarthakon key saath unakaa aupchaarik roop seey swaagat kiya. ghudsavaaron key saath ganmaanya vyakti kaar seey abd all-rahman key ghar parr ack swaagat samaroh mein gaye. abd all-rahman key ack bhaashan kaa jawab dete hue tirandaj ney kahaa kii unaki yatra abd all-rahman aur unake anuyaayiyon aur sarkaar key beach sambandhon mein ack mahatvapurna charan haye. tirandaj ney kahaa kii vaha dosti aur samajh key sambandhon koo majboot karane key liye aae they.
tirandaj kii yatra ney aupaniveshik prashaasan mein sankat paida curr diyaa. yeh mahsoos kiya gayaa kii vaha abd all-rahman key prati bahut adhik milansar thaa, jise kaee prashasakon dwara sandeh key saath dekhaa gayaa thaa. tirandaj koo istifa dene key liye majboor honah padaa aur surr johnn maifi ney unaki jagah leey lii. abd all-rahman koo omdurman aur khartoum key baahar yatra karane kii unaki kshamata parr pratibandh key tahat rakhaa gayaa thaa aur unhein apane samarthakon koo apani raajneetik aur dhaarmik gatividhiyon koo rokane kaa nirdesh dene key liye kahaa gayaa thaa.
badhata prabhaav aur british shatruta.
sayed abd all-rahman ney yaman key vidwan abd all-rahman ibn hurain all-jabri koo omdurman aaney aur mahadmat kaa adhyayan karane key liye aamantrit kiya. all-jabri ney "hadis" mein andolan key itihas aur isake auchitya koo shamil karate hue ack pustak likhi, jise anivarya roop seey mahadi aur unake bete kaa mahimamandan karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa. abd all-rahman ney pustak koo 1925-26 mein prakaashit karane kii koshish kii, lekin angrejon ney pandulipi koo jabt curr liya, jise way atyadhik rajdrohi maanate they. prachaar seey bachane key liye, unhone all-jabar parr mukadama naheen chalaaya, lekin chupchaap usey nirvaasit curr diyaa.
abd all-rahman ney sudan mein shikshit logon key badhate abhijaat varg, "affendia" key liye prastaav rakhaa, joe unake samajik aur shaikshanik sansthanon koo sanrakshan detaa thaa. vaha buddhijiviyon key ack samooh key sweekrit netaa bunn gaye joe apratyaksh shasson yaa misra key saath ekikaran key virodhi they, aur ack sudani rashtriya andolan kaa nirmaan curr rahey they. 1931 mein aupaniveshik sarkaar ney sudani adhikaariyon key liye vetan kii shuruati daron koo cumm curr diyaa. virodh aur pradarshanon koo nazarandaj karane key baad, 24 navambar 1931 koo ack aam hadtaal kii ghoshana kii gaee. kissy anya netaa key pahal karane key saath, madhyasth key roop mein kaary karna sayed abd all-rahman parr chhod diyaa gayaa aur unhone safaltapurvak hadtaal koo samaapt curr diyaa. isase buddhijiviyon kii najar mein ack netaa key roop mein unaki sthiti koo majboot karane mein madad millie. 
1935 mein sayed abd all-rahman ney "all-neel" ("neel") kii sthaapana kii, joe ansar kaa ack anga aur arabi bhasha mein sudan kaa pahala dainik samachar patra thaa. akhbar ney unhein sudan mein shikshit abhijaat varg key saath prabhaav praapt karane mein madad kii, jisamen raajneetik roop seey unmukh sarkari adhikaari bhee shamil they, jinamen seey kaee ansar mein shamil hoe gaye aur abd all-rahman key aajivan anuyaayi bunn gaye.
1930 key dashak key madhya taka, angrejon ney mahsoos kiya kii abd all-rahman koo shaahi parivaar key roop mein maanyata milane kii ummeed haye, ack sampann mahadist andolan parr unakaa dridh niyantran thaa, aur way sakriya roop seey nae anuyaayiyon kii talash curr rahey they. british adhikaariyon koo unake uddeshyon parr teji seey sandeh honey lagaa, aur unake patrachar mein shatruta aur unake badhate prabhaav key darr kaa mishran dikhaai diyaa. 1933 mein, aur 1934 mein, paigambar key janmadin samaroh key dauran abd all-rahman ney "mahadi kii bhavishyasoochak sthiti kaa vigyaapan karane vaale vibhinn bhaavon" key saath sanket pradarshit kiye. 1934 seey 1940 taka sudan key governor-general surr stevert simz ney unhein sanketon koo hataane yaa parinamon kaa saamana karane key liye kadee chetavani dee.
iss samay abd all-rahman key baare mein ack british drishtikon surr stevert simz dwara aprail 1935 mein likhaa gayaa thaa, "unamen apane prakaar key sudani key dosh hain, joe sazish, ghamand, aprasangikta aur avasarvaad koo pasand karate hain. doosari or, unake paas twarit dhaaranaaen, tej bhaavanaaen aur uddeshya kii sookshm dridhata haye... unhone avsaron kaa upayog kiya haye [yaa unakaa durupyog kiya haye]... praanton mein apane mahadist sangathan kii neenv rakhane key liye... unaki pasandida bhoomika sarkaar key wafadar samarthak kii haye jise durbhavanapurna roop seey galat samajha jaataa haye. simz ney nava-mahadwad koo dabaane key liye kaarravaai karane seey incar curr diyaa, yeh sunishchit karane kii neeti kaa paalan karna pasand kiya kii abd all-rahman vyavhaar key sahmat dishaanirdeshon key anuroop haye, yadi usane una niyamon koo todaa tou sajaa kii antarnihit dhamki key saath. unhone kuchh pratibandhon koo hataane kii anumati dee, jabaki anya koo banaae rakhaa.
british shasson key tahat raajneetik gatividhi.
angrejon ney 1922 kii anglo-misra sandhi key saath misra mein kuchh shakti aur 1936 kii anglo-misra sandhi mein adhik koo saunp diyaa thaa. 1936 kii sandhi koo ack nae italvi samrajya mein sudan key madhyam seey libia koo ethiopia seey jodane kii benito musolini kii mahatvakanksha kaa mukabala karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. sandhi ney neel ghaati aur suez nahar mein british adhikaaron key badale mein sudan mein samprabhuta key misra key daavon koo maanyata dee. isane sudan mein misriyon key apratibandhit aapravaasan aur misra key sainikon kii vaapsee kii anumati dee. sudani logon seey salah naheen lii gaee thee.
1937 mein, abd all-rahman ney ingland aur misra kaa daura kiya, jahan unhone uchch padasth adhikaariyon aur raajaa farooq seey mulakat kii. unakaa uddeshya vyaktigat roop seey anglo-misra sandhi kii sudani aalochana prastut karna thaa. vaha neel ghaati kii ekataa key liye misra kii yojanaon key liye khule taur parr aalochak they, jise way avaastavik maanate they. maee 1937 mein, unake sabse badey bete all-siddiq all-mahadi ney misra kaa daura kiya aur unakaa shaahi swaagat kiya gayaa. inn kadmon seey british sambandhit they, jinhone abd all-rahman key sudani raashtravaad key bavjood unhein misra key saath ack mahadist gathbandhan kii sambhaavit shuruat key roop mein dekhaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh (1939-1945) seey pahale kii avadhi mein angrej sudan mein misra key prabhaav key vikas koo cumm karna chaahte they, joe 1936 kii sandhi key parinamswarup adhik sambhavana bunn gayaa thaa, jabaki atee-rashtravadi nava-mahadist andolan koo bhee dabaaya gayaa thaa. unhone sayed abd all-rahman key prati pratishodh key roop mein khatamiya sampradaay key sayed allie all-mirghani koo apana samarthan diyaa. sayed abd all-rahman ney angrejon koo yeh bataate hue jawab diyaa kii sayed allie all-mirghani eritria mein apani parivarik pratibaddhataon key kaaran italian samarthak they, lekin angrejon ney ise sweekaar naheen kiya.
sarkaar ney 1922 mein "khanabdosh sheikhon kii shaktiyon kaa adhyadesh" jaari kiya thaa, aur 1923 taka 300 seey adhik adiwasi netaaon kii nyaayik shaktiyon koo maanyata dee thee aur unhein majboot kiya thaa. unhone prashaasan mein adhik bhoomika nibhaane key liye sarkari rojgar mein shikshit sudani logon kii aakaankshaon koo nazarandaj curr diyaa thaa. apratyaksh shasson key siddhant ney abdul-rahman sahit saiyyadon koo dharmnirpeksh vipaksh dwara maange gaye parivartanon koo rokane key liye adhik shakti dee thee. neeti key badalaav mein, snatakon kii aam congress 1938 mein sudan key buddhijiviyon key liye apani raay vyakt karane key liye ack munch key roop mein aur adiwasi netaaon kii vaikalpik aavaaj key roop mein shuru kii gaee thee, joe badnam hoe gaye they.
agast aur sitambar 1940 mein, congress ansar aur khatamiya samarthakon key beach vibhajit hoe gaee. shuru mein ansar prabal they, lekin 1942 key anta taka unhone yeh sthiti khou dee. abd all-rahman key kaee samarthakon ney unhein vittiya samarthan key srot key roop mein dekhaa aur ack swatantra sudan kii unaki vakaalat kii, lekin ack dhaarmik netaa key roop mein unakaa anusaran naheen kiya aur way ansar andolan key sadasya naheen they. 1942 key anta taka, sarkaar ney nirnay liya thaa kii congress kaa koee raajneetik moolya naheen haye. mahadist pratidvandi shiviron mein vibhajit hoe gaye they, anya gutt ubhare they, aur congress kii vaarshik baithak mein upasthit logon mein karigar, vyaapaari aur anpadh shamil they.
maee 1944 mein, sarkaar ney sayed abd all-rahman key poorna samarthan key saath ack kendriya salaahkaar parishad kaa gathan kiya. parishad key adhikansh sadasya ansar yaa adiwasi netaa they. kaee shikshit sudani parishad parr sandeh curr rahey they aur 1944 key chunaavon mein dhaarmik karanon seey naheen balki sarkaar key prati shatrutapurna honey key kaaran, khatamiya paksh kii or chaley gaye, british prabhaav key prati jawabi kaarravaai key roop mein misra key saath sambandh banaae rakhna chaahte they aur sayed abd all-rahman key tahat rajshahi naheen chaahte they.
swatantrata kii or leey jaaen.
agast 1944 mein, sayed abd all-rahman ney congress key varishth sadasyon aur adiwasi netaaon seey mulakat kii aur ack swatantrata samarthak raajneetik dall key gathan parr charcha kii joe mahadwad seey judaa naheen thaa. pahala kadam ack nayaa dainik samachar patra, "all-umma" (samudaay) shuru karna thaa. farwari 1945 mein, umma party kaa ayojan kiya gayaa thaa aur party key pahale sachiv, abdullah khalil ney sarkari licenses key liye aavedan kiya thaa. party key samvidhaan mein sayed abdul-rahman yaa ansar kaa koee ullekh naheen kiya gayaa thaa; abd all-rahman key liye ekmatra drishyamaan kadee vitt poshan key liye party kii una parr nirbharta thee. haalaanki, aisee afavaahen theen kii umma party aupaniveshik sarkaar dwara banaai gaee thee aur iska uddeshya sayed abd all-rahman koo simhaasan parr bithaana thaa. yeye afavaahen juuna 1945 taka bunny raheen, jaba sarkaar ney saarvajanik roop seey kahaa kii vaha mahadist rajshahi kaa samarthan naheen karegi.
iss samay abd all-rahman vyaapak lokpriya samarthan key saath ack tejtarrar vyakti they. unake qada ney raajnetaon koo cumm karane kaa kaam kiya, jinhen netaaon key bajaay unake anuyaayiyon key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa. abd all-rahman achaanak british vaapsee kaa kharch wahan naheen curr sakate they, kyonki isase misra key adhigrahan aur usaki shakti key nuksan kaa dwaar khul jaayega. angrej bhee misra key adhigrahan key khilaf they, lekin alag-alag karanon seey. phir bhee abd all-rahman koo sudan key liye anishchit aupaniveshik sthiti kaa samarthan karane key roop mein naheen dekhaa jaa sakaa, aur swatantrata koo badhaava denaa jaari rakhaa. abd all-rahman aur angrej aapsi avishvaas kii visheshta vaali najuk aur asthir vyavasthaon mein lagey hue they.
jaba 1946 mein, sudani all-ashikka party key ismail all-azaari ney neel ghaati key ekikaran key liye samarthan kii maang shuru kii, tou abd all-rahman iss sanket kaa purjor virodh curr rahey they kii misra key raajaa key paas sudan mein kissy bhee prakaar kaa adhikaar hoe sakata haye. unhone aur unake anuyaayiyon ney ack "swatantrata morcha" sthaapit kiya aur sudan parr angreji-misra samjhaute key masaude key khilaf poore sudan mein bhaari pradarshan kiye. navambar 1946 mein, abd all-rahman ack pratinidhimandal key saath carro hotey hue landan key liye ravaana hue. carro mein misra kii sarkaar dwara poori tarah seey nazarandaj kiye jaane parr, unhone landan mein dou ghante taka british pradhaan mantri clement atley seey baat kii. jaba atley ney poochha kii sudan ney pichhale sattar varshon seey sudan parr apane daavon koo dabaaye hue kyon naheen bolaa, tou abd all-rahman ney kahaa kii aisaa isaliye thaa kyonki angrejon ney unhein kissy bhee vaarta seey baahar curr diyaa thaa. unhone aage kahaa kii sudani swatantrata key liye apani poori shakti key saath ladenge.
abd all-rahman ney disambar 1948 mein shuru hue vidhansabha key kaam kaa samarthan kiya. unhone ise pahali baar dekhaa kii sudan key raajneetik aur dhaarmik samooh ack aise sthaan parr ack-dusare seey milane mein saksham they jahaan angrej vibhinn guton key beach vivaad naheen faila sakey. unhone kahaa kii ismail all-azaari ney vishuddh roop seey vidhansabha kaa virodh kiya kyonki yeh sudan koo misra seey door aur poorna swatantrata key karib laayega. disambar 1950 mein umma key ack sadasya ney ack prastaav pesh kiya jisamen governor-general seey misra aur britten seey turant sudan koo swatantrata dene kii maang kii gaee. angrejon ney iss upaay kaa kadaa virodh karate hue kahaa kii vidhansabha vaastav mein pratinidhi naheen thee kyonki khatamiya ney bhaag naheen lene kaa faisala kiya thaa. prastaav ack mutt seey paarit kiya gayaa. abd all-rahman aur all-azhari donon ney jeet kaa daavaa kiyaah abd all-rahman jaba seey vote paarit hoe gayaa thaa, aur all-azaari jaba seey angrejon ney kahaa thaa kii vidhansabha pratinidhi naheen thee.
sayed abd all-rahman ney kahaa kii taba seey angrejon ney umma party koo todane aur unhein vyaktigat roop seey whiffle karane key liye harr sambhav prayaas kiya. unhone adiwasi pramukhon aur graam netaaon koo umma chhodane kii koshish kii, lekin unhein safalata naheen millie. unhone daavaa kiya kii yeh umma hii thee jisane angrejon koo 1951 mein ack swatantra sudan key liye ack samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar karane key liye ack samiti sthaapit karane key liye majboor kiya, ack aisaa samvidhaan jiska samarthan aprail 1952 mein kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, sanyukt raajya america dwara unhein misra koo ack bhoomika dene key liye manaane key prayason key bavjood, vyaapak vichaar angrejon koo ack swatantra sudan key samarthan kii or leey jaa rahey they.
chunaav aur swatantrata.
misra ney 23 julaai 1952 kii misra kii kranti key saath poorna swatantrata praapt kii, jisamen raajaa farooq koo adhikaariyon key ack samooh dwara ukhaad fenka gayaa thaa, jisamen gamaal abdel nasser shamil they, joe baad mein 1954 mein ekmatra shaasak key roop mein ubhare. sayed abd all-rahman ney landan kaa daura kiya aur 11 navambar 1952 koo british videsh sachiv surr anthany eden seey mulakat kii. 10 janwari 1953 koo misra kii sarkaar ney umma pratinidhiyon aur anya swatantrata samarthak sudani dalon key saath ack samjhaute kii pushti kii, jisane sudani logon koo atmanirnaya kaa adhikaar diyaa. teen saal seey adhik kii sankraman avadhi key dauran, yeh irada thaa kii sansadiya chunaav aayojit kiye jaaen aur ack sudani sarkaar kaa gathan kiya jaae. british aur misra key sanic aur adhikaari desh chhod denge aur unaki jagah sudani loga lenge.
1953 mein, abd all-rahman ney ack badee ghoshana kii jisamen unhone ack gantantra pranali kaa samarthan kiya, "kyonki loktaantrik gantantra pranali ack aisee pranali haye jisaki jadein islam, hamaare shuddh, sahishnu aur loktaantrik dharm mein gaharaai seey nihit hain. usa varsh pahala sansadiya chunaav huaa thaa. all-ashikka party key uttaradhikari national unionist party (aine. yuu. pee.) ney sansad mein thhos bahumat hassil kiya aur ismail all-azaari pradhaanmantri baney. uttari aur madhya sudan mein sabse badee noop jeet, aanshik roop seey khatamiya key samarthan key kaaran hoe sakati haye. ack anya kaaran yeh darr hoe sakata haye kii umma party abd all-rahman koo raajaa banaakar ack mahadist raajya koo phir seey sthaapit karane kii koshish karegi.
agast 1954 mein, sayed abd all-rahman ney dakshini liberal party key butt deeu dwara dakshin kaa daura praayojit kiya. apane bhashanon mein, butt deeu ney ack sanghiya pranali kaa samarthan karane key liye nup abhiyaan key vaadon koo uddhrit kiya jisamen dakshini praanton koo kaafee swaayatta hogi. pradhaan mantri azaari ney ise rajdrohi vaarta key roop mein varnit kiya aur dakshin dwara sudan seey algaav koo rokane key liye bull kaa upayog karane kii dhamki dee. maee 1955 mein, ismail all-azaari ney ghoshana kii kii sudan poorna swatantrata kii maang karega, joe misra key saath sangh key paksh mein pahale kii aine. yuu. pee. sthiti koo ulat dega.
jaise hii ismail all-azhari ney apani shakti kaa daavaa karna shuru kiya, sayed allie all-mirghani aur sayed abd all-rahman donon koo chinta hoe gaee kii way apana raajneetik prabhaav khou denge. octuber 1955 seey sayed allie ney ismail all-azhari koo satta seey hataane key tareeke khojana shuru curr diyaa. ack pramukh mudda yeh thaa kii kyaa yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye ack janmat sangrah aayojit kiya jaanaa chaahiye kii kyaa sudan koo misra seey swatantra honah haye, jiska sayed allie ney samarthan kiya aur ismail all-azaari ney virodh kiya. sansad mein apani sthiti koo majboot karane key liye, ismail all-azhari ney ack nup-umma gathbandhan key vichaar kaa pataa lagaane key liye sayed abd all-rahman key sahyogiyon seey baat karna shuru curr diyaa. sudan aupchaarik roop seey 1 janwari 1956 koo swatantra huaa. 2 farwari 1956 koo ismail all-azaari ney ack nae mantrimandal kii ghoshana kii jisamen sabhi raajneetik dalon aur guton key pratinidhi shamil they.
aajaadi key baad pahala sansadiya chunaav 27 farwari aur 8 march 1958 koo huaa thaa. iska parinam abd all-rahman kii umma party kii jeet thee, jisane 173 mein seey 63 seeten jeetin. dakshini sudan sanghiya party ney chunaav mein bhaag liya aur dakshini praanton koo aavantit 46 seeton mein seey 40 parr jeet hassil kii. sanghiya party munch ney adhikaariyon key liye ack gambhir chunauti kaa pratinidhitva kiya. haalaanki, jaba yeh spasht hoe gayaa kii sanghiya dhaanche key liye party kii maangon koo samvidhaan sabhaa dwara nazarandaj curr diyaa jaayega, tou 16 juuna 1958 koo dakshini saansad sansad seey chaley gaye.
navambar 1958 mein senaa ney general ibrahim abbood key netritva mein ack takhtapalat kiya. dou dinn baad abd all-rahman ney senaa kii kaarravaai key liye apane majboot samarthan kii ghoshana karate hue kahaa, "mujhe yeh kahate hue bahut dukh hotaa haye kii raajneetik dalon kaa netritva karane vaale rajneta sabhi whiffle hoe gaye hain... abb release kaa dinn haye. sudani senaa key loga ubhare hain aur mamalon koo apane haathon mein leey liya haye... way iss desh mein koee hichkichaahat, arajakta yaa bhrashtachar koo tabahi machaane naheen denge... bhagwan ney hamein saunp diyaa haye... koee aisaa vyakti joe sachchai aur nirnayakta key saath sarkaar kii bagdor sambhaalega... iss dhanya kranti parr anand lein aur sudani kranti key logon kaa samarthan karane key liye shaanti aur santushti seey apane kaam parr jaaen. yeh sambhav haye kii abd all-rahman koo aajivan rashtrapati niyukt kiye jaane kii ummeed haye. yadi aisaa haye tou vaha nirash thaa.
viraasat.
sayed abd all-rahman kaa 24 march 1959 koo 73 varsh kii ayu mein nidhan hoe gayaa. ack lambe aur ashant currier key dauran way hamesha nava-mahadist andolan key ack majboot aur nirantar netaa rahey they. 1956 mein condominium key anta taka, sayed abd all-rahman koo sabhi sudani logon mein sabse ameer bataaya gayaa thaa. angrejon ney ansar andolan koo vishuddh roop seey dhaarmik prakriti kaa honah pasand kiya hoga, lekin sayed abd all-rahman all-mahadi bhee sudan key ack saksham raajneetik netaa they. sudan mein nava-mahadwad key punrutthan key liye vyakhyaon mein ack pramukh vyakti kii british aavashyakta, unake kapas ugaane key vyavasaay key vistaar key saath abd all-rahman kaa vittiya prabhaav, yaa ansar sampradaay mein dhaarmik aur rashtravadi bhavna kaa punrutthan shamil haye.
abd all-rahman kaa betaa sayed all-siddiq all-mahadi agale dou varshon taka ansar kaa imam thaa. 1961 mein all-siddiq kii mrityu key baad unake bhaai sayed all-haadi all-mahadi ney imam key roop mein unakaa sthaan liya, jabaki all-siddiq key bete saadik all-mahadi ney umma party kaa netritva sambhala. saadik all-mahadi koo 1970 mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa, aur kaee varshon taka sudan mein jail mein rahane aur nirvaasan kii avadhi key beach baari-baari seey kiya gayaa thaa. 1985 mein, oxford mein adhyayan karane vaale aur loktantra key liye ladane vaale saadik all-mahadi koo phir seey umma party kaa adhyaksh chunaa gayaa. 1986 key chunaavon mein way sudan key pradhaanmantri baney, 1989 mein muslim bhaichare key takhtapalat dwara sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane taka pada parr rahey. aage key karawas aur nirvaasan key baad, saadik all-mahadi 2000 mein sudan laut aae aur 2002 mein unhein ansar kaa imam chunaa gayaa. 2003 mein saadik all-mahadi koo umma kaa rashtrapati phir seey chunaa gayaa.

