
bernard lietter

bernard lietter (7 farwari 1942-4 farwari 2019) ack belgium key sivil engineer, arthashastri, lekhak aur shikshak they. unhone maudrik pranaliyon kaa adhyayan kiya aur iss vichaar koo badhaava diyaa kii samudaay apani sthaaniya yaa poorak mudra banaane seey labhanvit hoe sakate hain, joe rashtriya mudraon key samanantar prasaarit hoti haye.
praarambhik jeevan.
bernard lietter kaa janm 7 farwari 1942 koo lauve, belgium mein huaa thaa. unhone 1955 seey 1961 taka sent paul, godin key college mein padhaai kii.
unhone belgium mein leuven key catholic vishvavidyalaya mein engineering kaa adhyayan kiya, jahan baad mein jeevan mein, unhone antarrashtriya vitt key sahayak professor key roop mein kaary kiya. apani engineering kii padhaai key dauran, vaha belgium key bahas sangh olivent sammelan key sadasya they. aim praapt karane key baad.aiss. see. 1967 mein, unhone aage badhana shuru kiya 
1969 taka aim. aaee. tii. mein apani padhaai jaari rakhee.
carrier.
1971 mein prakaashit liter kii snatkottar shodh-prabandh mein "floating exchange" kaa vivaran shamil thaa. usee varsh key nixon sadame ney americi dollar koo swarn maanak seey alag karke brayton vann pranali koo samaapt curr diyaa aur "saarvbhaumik tairate adaan-pradaan" key yug kaa udghaatan kiya. usa samay seey pahale, kewal "tairate hue vinimay" mein kuchh lattin americi mudraaen shamil theen. unhone seemant, lattin americi mudraon key liye joe takneeken vikasit kii theen, way ack samay key liye ekmatra vyavasthit shodh theen jinka upayog duniya kii pramukh mudraon seey nipatane key liye kiya jaa sakata thaa. ack americi baink ney apane drishtikon key liye vishesh adhikaaron parr baatchit kii aur liter ney ack aur currier shuru kiya.
1987 mein, unhone ack mudra-prabandhan firm kii saha-sthaapana kii, jise gycorp kahaa jaataa haye, aur apatatiya mudra kosh "gayaa haze II" kaa prabandhan kiya, joe 1987-1991 avadhi key dauran duniya kaa sheersh pradarshan karane vaalaa mudra kosh thaa. unaki jeevani 1,800 apatatiya nidhiyon key sookshm sarvekshan kaa hawala detee haye.
apani pustak kii prastaavana mein, "lietter ney daavaa kiyaah" hamane teen varshon mein lagbhag teen gunaa paisa diyaa.  "business weak" ney unhein 1992 mein "duniya kaa sheersh mudra vyaapaari" naamit kiya.
2003 seey 2006 taka, way sanyukt raajya america key naropa vishvavidyalaya mein ack visiting scholar they, jahan unhone vishvavidyalaya kaa vyaapaar aur arthshastra key liye marpa kendra banaaya. 
belgium mein kendriya baink mein rahate hue, unhone ekal europeeya-mudra pranali key liye abhisaran tantra (ee. see. yuu.) koo lagu kiya. usa avadhi key dauran, unhone belgium kii electronic bhugtan pranali key adhyaksh key roop mein bhee kaary kiya.
2007 key ack sakshatkar mein, liter ney daavaa kiya kii vividh, antarrashtriya star parr maanya mudraaen vishisht jarooraton koo puuraa karane aur kuchh adaan-pradaan koo saksham karane mein madad curr sakati hain-chaahe way vaishvik tapman vriddhi seey ladane key liye houn, rojgar koo badhaava dene key liye houn yaa shiksha aur swaasthya dekhbhal koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye."
2012 mein, vaha christian ornsperger, saili gorner aur stephen brunhaber key saath saha-lekhak they, "munny aind sustainabilityh dha missing link", rome key club key ack prakaashan mein, jisamen unhone bhavishyavani kii thee kii "avadhi 2007-2020 [hogi] vittiya uthal-puthal aur kramik maudrik tootane kii ack avadhi hogi."
vyaktigat jeevan aur mrityu.
apani mrityu key samay, liter uttari germany mein hoyerhagen mein rahate they.