
shahar (pidmohilni upanyaas)

dha city () ukraini lekhak valerian pidmohilni kaa ack shahari upanyaas haye, joe 1928 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. 
pidohili ney aadhunik upanyaas kaa nirmaan kiya, joe shahari samasyaon parr kendrit haye aur astitva key daarshanik prashnon koo chhoota haye. iss upanyaas mein paatron key maanas kaa vishleshan kiya jaataa haye aur vibhinn vishva drishtikon vaale logon key beach sangharsh hotaa haye. "misto" ukraini saahitya mein pahala shahari upanyaas haye, jisamen nae paatr, mudde aur kathaa shally haye.
lekhan kaa itihas.
upanyaas valerian pidmohilni mein ukraini kisan yuvaaon kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye, joe 1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein hajaaron shaharon mein unhein jeetane key liye gaye they, unamen ack taaja kisan rakt daala thaa, aur shahar aur desh key beach ukraini virodh koo samaapt kiya thaa. 
yeh upanyaas 19veen shatabdi key paaramparik loklubhavan gadya kii tarah naheen thaa kyonki 19veen-20veen shatabdi kii shuruat key europeeya upanyaas ney lekhak kaa margadarshan kiya thaa. unhone onar dee balzack, gaay dee maupacent, anatol france, jack landan aur gharelu-ahtanhel krimsky, volodymyr vinnichenko key romans kii parampara seekhi.
kathaanak kii visheshataaen.
kahani koo steppen radchenko kii aatma key itihas dwara prastut kiya gayaa haye. vaha ack urjaavaan graameen yuvak haye joe aarthik vishvavidyalaya mein pravesh karane key liye kyiv mein aataa haye aur gaanv mein nae gyaan key saath vaapas aaney kii ummeed kartaa haye.
ukraine kii rajdhani mein steppen koo kuchh naheen milaa haye. phir bhee, samay key saath, shahar kii kramik vijay hoti haye. stepan upnagaron mein buss jaataa haye jahan jeevan graameen seey bahut alag naheen haye. baad mein vaha kendra key karib chalaa jaataa haye, ack alag apartment kiraaye parr letaa haye. upanyaas key anta mein, vaha khud koo shahar kaa malik mahsoos kartaa haih "yeh lahardaar chattanon key neeche vinamrata seey sthit haye, aag key binduon seey chihnit haye, aur usey pahaadiyon key andhere seey tej patthar kii ungaliyon seey failata haye."
sankshep mein, yeh prabhaavvaad haih cheejon key tukadon seey, loga aur dhwaniyon key lekhak shahar kaa ack chitra banaate hain. jaise hii stepan keev mein aatmasaat hotaa haye, yeh usaki dhaarana koo badal detaa haye.
kapade badalane key saath hii vaha ack sarvahara bunn jaataa haye. shuruat mein, beuro key sachiv radchenko koo kapade badalane kii salah dete hainh "sabhi ukraini pareshaaniyan kharaab kapade pahanane key kaaran hain."fashionable aur mahange kapadon key saath dukaan seey pahale, ack vyakti abhee bhee maanata haye kii yeh kewal usaki upasthiti koo badalana chaahiye aur vaha kuchh asadharan banaa sakata haye. jaba vaha ack nae ghar mein jaataa haye, tou stepan apane puraane kapade jalaa detaa haye. upanyaas key dauran koee bhee dekh sakata haye kii stephen shahar key jeevan kii seedhi chadhata haye. keev mein vaha saahitya mein ruchi letaa haye, likhana shuru kartaa haye, aur antatah, vaha ack prasiddh lekhak bunn jaataa haye. vaha aashvast thaa kii vaha shahar koo jeetane gayaa thaa. stepan ney socha kii shahar koo "gaanv key nae khoon" kii aavashyakta haye joe "isake roop aur astitva koo badal dega. aur vaha una parivartanon mein seey ack haye jise jeetana hii hoga."halanki, dheere-dheere lautane kaa vichaar gayab hoe jaataa haye. 
pidmohilni kaa lekhak key madhyam kaa vrittachitra vivaran banaane kaa koee lakshya naheen haye. vaha lekhak key janm, unaki safaltaon aur viphaltaon, upanyaas kii vibhinn duniyaon mein unake bhatakane koo darshaata haye. upanyaas kaa antim vaakya usa kshan samaapt hotaa haye jaba stepan radchenko kii kahani shuru hoti haih "phir, mez parr deepak kii khamoshi mein unhone logon key baare mein ack kahani likhi."

