nicolaus crushenic

nicolaus crushenic (31 maee, 1929-5 farwari, 1999) ack americi amoort chitrakaar, collogist aur printmaker they jinaki paripakva kalaatmak shally popp art, opp art, minimalism aur rung kshetra mein faili hui thee. maryland vishvavidyalaya mein professor key roop mein apana samay kendrit karane seey pahale, way 1950 key dashak key madhya seey 1970 key dashak key madhya taka newyork kalaa key drishya mein sakriya they. shuru mein ack adhik vyutpann amoort abhivyaktivaadi shally key saath prayog karate hue, 1960 key dashak key madhya taka unhone apana anootha drishtikon vikasit kiya thaa, jisamen bolled, rangeen, jyaamitiya kshetron aur roopon dwara chihnit teji seey nirnaayak rachanaon koo chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, joe ack saath majboot kaali rooprekhaon dwara chapata aur pravardhit kiya gayaa thaa, ack aisee shally mein joe antatah popp amurtata key roop mein jaani jaane luggy. 1984 mein, jeevani shabdakosh "vishva kalakar, 1950-1980" ney dekhaa kii crushenic "koo ekmatra vaastavik amoort popp chitrakaar kahaa gayaa haye."aaj, jaisa kii anya kalakaron koo usee virodhabhasi shally mein saavdhaanipoorvak jodaa gayaa haye, crushenic koo naa kewal usa shally key bheetar ack ekal vyakti maanaa jaataa haye, balki isake agrani bhee maanaa jaataa haye, jisase unhein" popp amurtata kaa pitaa "kii upaadhi millie haye."
jeevani.
1929 mein newyork shahar mein ack shramik varg key parivaar mein janme, crushenic ney hyee school chhod diyaa, dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein seva kii, pramukh deegan expressway key nirmaan parr kaam kiya, aur phir jee. aaee. bill kii madad seey art school mein dakhila liya, art student leag off newyork (1948-1950) aur hains hoffman school off fine art (1950-1951) mein bhaag liya. 1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein, crushenic ney department store key liye vindo display design karke aur whiteney aur mahanagariya sangrahalayon aur aadhunik kalaa key sangrahalaya key liye kaam karke apana aur apane parivaar kaa samarthan kiya.
21 aprail seey 10 maee, 1956 taka, crushenic ney apane badey bhaai, johnn crushenic key saath ack sanyukt pradarshani, jisamen yeh jodee saha-opp camino gallery mein thee, "brothers krushenikah paintings-glassprints-kolaj" key dauran pahali baar janata koo apana kaam dikhaaya. nicolaus kaa pahala ekal show, jiska sheershak "nicolaus krushenikah halia chitra" thaa, 25 janwari, 1957 koo usee gallery mein shuru huaa.
usa varsh baad mein, camino kii aantarik rajneeti seey nirash hocker, bhaaiyon ney chaley gaye aur paas key ack storefront mein ack framing dukaan kholi, joe jaldi hii kalakaron kii sahakaari brata gallery mein badal gaee. nicolaus ney baad mein bataaya kii yeh johnn thaa jisane russie "brata" seey naam taiyar kiya, jiska arth haye "bhaai."camino aur anya logon key saath, brata abb prasiddh 10 veen street gallery mein seey ack bunn gayaa, jisane prayogaatmak kalakaron koo roodhivaadi uptown gallery koo darkinar karane kii anumati dekar poshit aur prerit kiya, joe haavi they aur ack nishchit drishtikon seey, newyork kalaa drishya koo dabaa diyaa. aal hold, ronald bladen, aid clark, yayoi kusama aur george sugarman sahit sadasyon key saath, brata "dasavin sadak sahakaari samitiyon mein seey sabse mahatvapurna thaa joe ack samay key liye nae kalakaron key liye sabse mahatvapurna launch paid they."nicolaus ney 1958 aur 1960 mein brata mein ekal pradarshan kiya.
1962 mein brata chhodane key baad, crushenic ney 1962 aur 1964 mein newyork shahar kii graham gallery mein ekal show diye aur 1965 mein fishback gallery mein. 1966 mein germany key stuttgart mein gallery muller mein europe mein unakaa pahala ekal prayaas aaya. 1967 mein, unhone newyork shahar aur peris key saath-saath detroit, mishigan aur vienna, austriya mein ekal show diye, jabaki johnn saiman guggenheim foundation seey ack lalit kalaa fellowship bhee praapt kii. 1968 mein, minnesot key minnepolis mein walker art center kii center opera company ney unhein "dha maine inn dha moone" key utpaadan key liye sett aur veshbhusha design karane key liye niyukt kiya, joe kendra mein unake karyon key ack badey sarvekshan key sanyojan mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. boston, massachusets mein harcus-craco gallery mein ekal pradarshaniyan aur zurich, switzerland mein gallery renee ziegler jald hii dikhaai deen. 1969 mein, ack aur ekal aitt paces gallery key oonchi aidee key joote parr, crushenic dartmouth college key hopkins center forr dha arts mein kalakar-nivaas thaa, jahan unhone chhatron koo margadarshan diyaa aur nae kaam banaae, joe college kii jeff-fried gallery mein chitron aur print kii ack pradarshani mein samaapt huaa. usa varsh kii shuruat mein, unhone yell vishvavidyalaya mein ack atithi aalochak key roop mein kaary kiya thaa, aur pichhale varshon mein, unhone newyork mein drishya kalaa key school, maddison mein wisconsin vishvavidyalaya aur anya mein ack atithi kalakar key roop mein kaam karane key liye nimantran sweekaar kiye they.
raaste mein, 1964 mein loss angils county museum off art aur torrento kii art gallery mein madhya shatabdi kii samooh pradarshaniyon mein crushenic kaa kaam dikhaai diyaa; newyork key whiteney museum off american art aind museum off modern art mein, saath hii 1965 mein washington dc kii corcoran gallery off art mein; soloman aar mein. 1966 mein guggenheim sangrahalaya; aur 1967 key vishva melle mein sanyukt raajya america key mandap key hisse key roop mein, aeye.key.aeye. expo 67, kanada key montrial mein aayojit kiya gayaa. pramukh sansthanon mein sweekriti milane aur usa samay key sabse prasiddh kalakaron mein shamil honey key bavjood, krishenik ney khud koo kuchh santushti key saath ack baahari vyakti key roop mein dekhaa. jaisa kii unhone 1968 mein ack sakshatkar key dauran curator aur kalaa itihaaskaar paul cummings koo bataaya, alochakon aur anya paryavekshakon ney "vaastav mein mujhe kabhi bhee kabootar naheen banaaya... jaise kii main akele baaen kshetra mein huun. aur yahee vaha jagah haye jahan main rehna chaahata huun."
chitrakala aur tritiyak kolaj abhyaas key apane praathamik prayaas key beach, crushenic ney mudran mein gahari ruchi dikhaai. graphicstudiyoh samkaaleen kalaa dakshin florida vishvavidyalaya mein sahayogi karyashala seey samkaaleen kalaa", rashtriya kalaa deergha mein ack 1991 pradarshani, key liye saathi pustak, nott karati haye kii "crushenic ney 1950 key dashak key anta mein screenprinting key saath prayog karna shuru kiya aur 1960 key dashak key madhya taka ack sakriya printmaker bunn gayaa", jisamen loss angils mein imali lithography karyashala mein 1965 kii fellowship key dauran bhee shamil thaa (joe taba seey albuquerq, nyu maxico mein chalaa gayaa haye, aur jise imali sansthaan key roop mein punah brand kiya gayaa haye). imali mein, "unhone apane dou maheene key karyakal key dauran bice lithograph poore kiye", joe abhee bhee adhik javic aur lahardaar roopon kii visheshta haye joe crushenic key sabse puraane paripakva chitron koo chihnit karate hain, yahaan dekhaa jaa sakata haye. 1967 mein, prasiddh domberger ceregraphy studio key saath kaam karate hue, kalakar ney apane "aar 3-67" portfolio kaa nirmaan kiya, joe ack darjan screenprint kaa ack soot haye, joe chamkile rung key liye ceregraphy kii kshamata kaa laabh uthaate hue, imali soot aur track crushenic key swachchh, susangat line nishpaadan kii or vyaapak badalaav kii tulanaa mein kaafee adhik jeevant aur abhee taka parishkrit hain. agale varsh, gati sanskaranon dwara prakaashit aur domberger mein nirmit, crushenic ney apane "iron butterfly" portfolio kaa nirmaan kiya, joe 10 samaan roop seey jeevant aur rachit screenprint kaa ack soot thaa, jiska aadhaa yahaan dekhaa jaa sakata haye. 1970 mein graphic studio mein, crushenic ney kuchh samay key liye lithography mein vaapsee kii, jisamen seedhi rekhaaon aur koniya, "adhik vaastushilp" roopon koo shamil karate hue kaam kiye gaye. apane 1971 key chhah shilalekhon key "fayer-flashes-five-faid" soot mein, crushenic apani trademark kaali rekhaaon koo bijli yaa shark key daanton key dantedar boult mein sampeedit aur tej kartaa haye.
1970 key dashak key madhya mein, crushenic ney newyork kalaa key drishya seey aadhyatmik roop seey peechhe hatna shuru curr diyaa, jahan seey vaha pahale hii shaaririk roop seey chaley gaye they. isake baad unhone pichhale dashak key dauran vibhinn sansthanon mein kaee baar yatra karane key baad, ack shikshak key roop mein apani ekmatra deerghakaalik sagaai parr, 1977 seey 1991 taka maryland vishvavidyalaya, college park mein professor key roop mein seva shuru kii. halanki unhone kabhi bhee nae chitron kaa nirmaan bund naheen kiya, newyork mein unaki pramukhta aur samay key saath vaishvik kalaa drishya gayab hoe gaye. lekin unake paas abhee bhee champion they, jisamen newyork sthit baahari curator michel algus aur unaki michel algus gallery shamil thee, jisane 1997 aur 1999 mein crushenic key kaam kii dou pradarshaniyan aayojit keen. baad vaalaa 5 farwari, 1999 koo newyork mein yakrit cancer seey crushenic kii mrityu key baad huaa, 69 varsh kii ayu mein. 2021 taka, cumm seey cumm duss maranoparant ekal pradarshaniyon ney crushenic key kaam aur viraasat mein nae sire seey ruchi badhaane mein madad kii haye. una pradarshaniyon mein seey dou-newyork mein gairi snider gallery aur skidmore college mein fraans key yuva taing shikshan sangrahalaya aur kalaa gallery mein, kramshah-pramukh saahityik upchaaron koo prerit kiyaah johnn yau kii "nicolaus krushenikah ack sarvekshan" (2011) aur ian berry kii "nicolaus krushenikah electric soop" (2016).
kalaatmak shally.
crushenic ack aisee peedhi kaa hissa thaa jisane pahale amoort abhivyaktivaad kaa anukaran kiya aur jald hii yuddh key baad america mein pramukh chitrakala andolan key khilaf vidroh kiya. yeh vidroh antatah usa shally koo fashion seey baahar curr dega, jisase kaee ack saath andolan hue joe aaj bhee kalakaron, alochakon, itihaskaron aur sangrahakartaon mein ruchi banaae hue hain. crushenic una sabhi key beach kaheen naa kaheen aaya, donon ney popp art, opp art, minimalism aur rung kshetra sahit alag-alag maani jaane vaali kaee shailiyon key tatvon koo apanaaya aur aswikar kiya. unaki kuchh praarambhik preranaaen heinry mattis, jey. theen. aim. doubleu. turner, heinry russo, fernand legger, alekjendar calder, claise oldenberg aur unake antim dost roy lichtenstein.
1956 mein, jaba unhone ack samooh pradarshani mein apana pahala saarvajanik pradarshan diyaa, tou krishenik key chitra keechad aur aspasht they. phir bhee vaha pahale seey hii ack-dusare key buggle mein spasht aakaron aur janata koo iss tarah seey santulit karna shuru curr rahey they kii ack aalochak ney "cubist anunaya" key roop mein galat vyakhya kii haye."ack saal baad, 1957 mein apane pahale ekal show key avsar parr, ack anya aalochak ney kaam koo vargeekrit karane key pralobhan kaa virodh kiya, jisamen crushenic key" "vidhigat roop seey chitrit taaron yaa dhaaraon kaa avalokan karane kii samagri thee, joe rung, chaudaai aur tanyata mein canvas seey canvas taka bhinn hoti haye, samaan gunon key saath ack pratidvandi mezban parr aage badhati haye yaa ack khuli jagah yaa thhos rung kaa pataa lagaati haye. drishya parr utparivartan naatakiya roop seey shaktishali hotey hain, badey canvus mein tej hotey hain jahaan kaale stalactite neeche kii or peele rung mein jaate hain, yaa kaali ungaliyan neeche seey laharaati hain."
1959 mein, crushenic ney tail key rangon key "gandey rasoi" roop koo tyag diyaa aur ise liquitex aikrelik kii "swaadisht" bijli seey badal diyaa, joe abhee-abhee vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh hoe gaee thee. unake chitron kii chamak aur santripti key saath-saath sateekta parr tatkaal prabhaav daalane key saath, jise way prastut curr sakate they, ise crushenic key currier kaa mahatvapurna kshan maanaa jaa sakata haye. iss parivartan key baad, unake chitron mein spasht kaali rekhaaen dikhaai dene lagati hain joe chitrakaari koo aur usake bheetar key vyaktigat roopon koo taiyar karati hain, halanki aaney vaali adhik sateek rachanaon kii tulanaa mein ack asthir, ghumaavdaar, avyavasthit drishtikon key madhyam seey.
1965 mein, ack kalaa aalochak, viven rainer ney dekhaa kii crushenic "abb popp dikhane lagaa haye. kyaa aisaa isaliye haye kyonki unhone andolan kaa anuman lagaaya thaa aur abb adhik aadhikarik dikhta haye, yaa isaliye kii vaha aikrelik rangon kaa upayog curr rahey hain, yaa kewal isaliye kii harr koee kuchh hudd taka kalakaron koo samoohon mein vyavasthit karane kii darshakon kii majburi kaa shikaar hoe jaataa haye, main naheen bataa sakata."phir bhee yeh dhyaan rakhna mahatvapurna haye kii kewal unaki pallet popp kalaa seey milati-julati thee. unake vishay vastu ney popp sanskriti kaa koee sandarbh naheen diyaa; vaastav mein, isane pahchaanane yogya vastuon kaa koee spasht sandarbh naheen diyaa. haalaanki, unaki teji seey badhati hui smaarkeeya kritiyon koo cartoon chitran mein prerana millie, aur kaee alochakon ney vishay vastu koo kamobesh gupt yaun key roop mein vyakhya kii-aksar vulver aur bhedak key roop mein.
iss samay taka, kalakar key haath kii drishyata koo aspasht karate hue, krishenik ney adhik sateek shally mein ghar jaanaa shuru curr diyaa thaa. sabse pahale unhone vyaapak chitron kii sahaayata seey aisaa kiya joe painting key liye mcvette kii tarah bunn gaye. samay key saath, yeye chitra cumm sateek hoe jaayenge aur isake bajaay, way seedhe canvas kii satah parr tape kaa upayog karane parr bharosa karenge. 1967 taka, unaki shally apani bhavanatmakta koo khoye binaa, ullekhaniya roop seey sakht hoe gaee thee. jaisa kii johnn parolt ney usa varsh ack feature story mein dekhaa, "kathor kaale, rangeen-pustak rekhaaon key bavjood joe ack aakar yaa super-rung koo dusare seey vibhajit karati hain, saaf-suthri sapaatata, aur aksar samamit sanrachana, yeye chitra bhaavnaatmak roop seey javic kii vyavasthit drishya abhivyaktiyaan hain, jinhen shaant sateekta key saath nishpaadit kiya jaataa haye, lekin mahaan utsaah key saath kalpana kii jaati haye. karkash candy-ganna dhaariyan joe krishenik apane amoort key mool upkaran key roop mein upayog kartaa haye, chitra koo 'shamil' naheen karati hain."ack bindu parr parolt koo sahee karane key liye, crushenic key chitra shayed hii kabhi kabhi samamit hotey hain, halanki, kuchh mamalon mein, yeh ack aasaan galati haye.
1970 key dashak key madhya mein, jaba crushenic ney newyork kalaa kii duniya seey hatna shuru kiya aur unaki drishti kamjor honey luggy, tou unhone shiksha kii or apana dhyaan kendrit kiya. lekin unaki painting jaari rahee. iss samay taka unaki shally kaafee vikasit hoe chuki thee. 1960 key dashak key madhya mein lambe samay seey pankhdar, ghumaavdaar roop they. abb grid key antarnihit aur spasht roop ney unake canvus parr prathamikta leey lii, lagbhag praudyogiki mein uchhaal key ack purvanirdhaarit chitran kii tarah joe jald hii aaney vaalaa thaa. jaisa kii corin robbins ney 1975 mein ullekh kiya thaa, "puraane kii tarah nae chitron mein bhee ack tonal bhavna haye; lekin abb, turahiyon key dhundhalepan key bajaay, ack aaee. bee. aim. machine kii pagal gananaon kii charcha dimag mein aatee haye."1980 key dashak mein, unake chitra sateek key saath-saath rung mein bhee peechhe hutt jaate, joe thhandi gray, blues aur pink key beach cartoonish, confetti jaise ribbon kii jhalakiyon seey chihnit hotey they. usa dashak key anta taka aur ack nae dashak kii shuruat taka, peele rung ney crushenic key kaam parr haavi honah shuru curr diyaa, jisamen chhote canvus mein jatil vivaranon parr nae sire seey dhyaan diyaa gayaa. 1960 key dashak kii shuruat seey 1990 key dashak key anta taka, shayed ack rekha swayam kaali rekhaaen hain, joe apane karyon koo ekjut karate hue crushenic key roopon koo chitrit karati hain.

