
bhavya

grandy (;,) ack aadhikarik kuleen upaadhi haye joe kuchh spanish kuleen varg koo pradaan kii jaati haye. iss garima key dharakon koo france key peerej key samaan visheshaadhikaar praapt they, halanki kissy bhee desh mein unaki mahatvapurna samvaidhaanik raajneetik bhoomika naheen thee joe house off lords ney ingland, grate britten aur united kingdam key peerej koo dee thee. spen key ack "bhavya" koo phir bhee anya samaan europeeya sammanon kii tulanaa mein adhik samajik visheshaadhikaar praapt they.
fernandina koo chhodkar, sabhi spanish dukedom swachaalit roop seey ack bhavyata seey judey hotey hain, phir bhee kewal kuchh markeset, countship, viscountsy, baroni aur lordship mein antar hotaa haye. ack ekal vyakti kaee baar spen kaa bhavya hoe sakata haye, kyonki kuchh mamalon koo chhodkar, bhavyata ack upaadhi key saath judee hoti haye, naa kii ack vyakti key saath. ack seey adhik upadhiyon vaale aise bhavya logon mein vishesh roop seey medinacelli kii vartamaan duchess aur alba key duke shamil hain, joe kramshah duss aur nau baar bhavya hain. shishuon key sabhi bete aur betiyaan bhee bhavya hain.
1876 key samvidhaan key anusaar, 1923 taka poori tarah seey lagu, spen key grandy archbishop aur sheersh sainya rank key saath-saath senator "pore dereco propio" ("apane aap mein") bhee hoe sakate hain.
2018 taka, spen mein 2,942 maujooda khitabon mein seey kull 417 bhavyataaen (lagbhag 14 pratishat) theen, jinamen seey 153 ducadum, 142 markset, 108 countship, 2 viscountis, 2 baroni, 3 lordship aur 7 vanshaanugat bhavyataaen theen, jinake saath bhavyata seey koee sheershak naheen judaa thaa. 1984 mein apana antim kanuni visheshaadhikaar khone key bavjood, jaba rajanyik passport rakhane kaa adhikaar aur spen key sabhi bhavya logon key liye pratiraksha koo radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa, taba bhee way kuchh aupchaarik visheshadhikaron kaa anand lete hain. sabhi bhavya logon koo spen key raajaa kii upasthiti mein cover kiye jaane kaa adhikaar haye, saath hii unake dwara (chachere bhaai) key roop mein sambodhit kiya jaa rhaa haye, ack visheshaadhikaar joe 16 veen shatabdi mein utpann huaa thaa, jaba adhikansh bhavya loga samrat key karibi rishtedaar they.
spen key baahar, yeh shabd kuchh hudd taka tulaniya, uchch sthiti key anya logon koo sandarbhit curr sakata haye, joe motey taur parr magnet kaa paryaay haye; pahale uchch kuleenata kaa ack pada (vishesh roop seey jaba yeh ack sansadiya seat kaa adhikaar rakhta thaa). vistaar seey, yeh shabd anaupchaarik roop seey uchch sthiti key kissy bhee mahatvapurna vyakti, vishesh roop seey ameer, kissy kshetra mein lambe samay taka rahane vaale nivaasiyon koo sandarbhit curr sakata haye. united kingdam mein iss shabd kaa upayog vartamaan mein aur anaupchaarik roop seey roodhivaadi party, laber party aur liberal democrates key prabhaavshaali aur lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey sadasyon key liye kiya jaataa haye, aur ateet mein isake adhik vishisht arth rahey hain.
utpatti aur visheshaadhikaar.
adhikansh spanish kuleen upadhiyon koo ("kshetra key sahakarmi") key roop mein pradaan kiya jaataa haye, jinamen seey kaee aadhunik spanish rajshahi seey pahale kii hain. spen key raajaon ney 1520 mein sammaan key ack atirikt pada key roop mein pradaan karane key liye bhavya kii pracheen garima koo phir seey sthaapit kiya. spen key grandies key post-nominal hain.
madhya yug mein spen key pramukh raeeson dwara unhein ack ('raajya key swami') key roop mein alag karane key liye grandy () kii garima koo grahan karna shuru curr diyaa gayaa, joe kii lesser () seey, jiska pada vikasit hocker grandy () kii shreni mein badal gayaa. jaisa kii 17veen shatabdi key angreji nyaayvid johnn seldon ney bataaya, yeh ack samanya shabd naheen thaa joe ack varg koo darshaata haye, balki "naa kewal sabhi duke key liye balki kuchh markes aur count key liye bhee ack atirikt vyaktigat garima" thee. ginati key star sahit aur usase oopar kii kuleen upaadhiyan, madhya yug key anta taka castill aur aragon key raajaon dwara aanuvanshik roop seey shayed hii kabhi banaai gaee theen-france aur europe mein anya jagahon key vipareet (jahaan saamantvaad adhik teji seey vikasit huaa)-14 veen shatabdi taka badey paimaane parr shaahi adhikaariyon key saath judey hue they. bhavyata pradaan karane seey shuru mein kewal aupchaarik visheshaadhikaar praapt hotey they, jaise kii shaahi parivaar kii upasthiti mein shamil rehna yaa baithana. samay key saath bhavya logon koo adhik mahatvapurna adhikaar mileh udaaharan key liye karadhan seey swatantrata aur giraftari seey pratiraksha, raajaa kii aagya koo chhodkar; way aamtaur parr apane kshetra key varishth nyaayik adhikaari hotey they. baad mein inn adhikaaron key durupyog key liye kuchh mahaan logon ney raajaa key khilaf yuddh chhedane key liye rajshahi key prati apani nishtha kaa tyag curr diyaa.
1470 key dashak key anta mein, raajaa ferdinand dwiteeya aur raani isabella pratham ney madhyayugeen kshetriya raeeson dwara grahan kii gaee bhavya shaktiyon parr sabse pahale shikanja kasaa. 16veen shatabdi mein, raajaa charles pratham (joe baad mein charles pancham key roop mein pavitra roman samrat baney) dwara grandiyon kii sankhya parr seemaaen lagu kii gaeen, jinhone faisala sunaaya kii spanish taaj koo grandiyon kii garima pradaan karane kaa ekmatra adhikaar haye.
baad mein, (spen key grandies) koo teen shreniyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaah
sabhi bhavya logon koo paaramparik roop seey raajaa dwara "mee primo" (merey chachere bhaai) key roop mein sambodhit kiya jaataa haye, jabaki sadharan raeeson koo aupchaarik roop seey "mee parient" (merey rishtedaar) key roop mein shailibaddh kiya jaataa haye. "grandeza" videshiyon koo bhee pradaan kiya jaa sakata thaa, jaise kii smaarakvaadi luis dee reuveroy, duke dee sent-saiman, jinhone raajaa luis XIV kaa pratinidhitva karate hue, madrid mein francisi rajdoot key roop mein apani safal posting key baad ack bhavya vyakti banane parr bahut garv kiya. videshi sathiyon dwara garima parr atyadhik vichaar kiya jaataa thaa. ack vyaapak avadhi key liye, ise 'kuleen stareekaran kaa shikhar' bhee maanaa jaataa thaa. videshi grandy jyaadaatar francisi they, halanki europe aur america mein spanish samrajya key dayare key parinamswarup german, flamish, valoon, italvi aur novohyspanic/aztech sathiyon kii ack mahatvapurna sankhya bhee thee. kuchh udaharanon mein wellington, bavaria, vilar, mauchi, moctezuma dee tultengo, daudoville, kroi, salmona, ligne key rajkumar aur agmont kii ginati shamil hain.
grandy kii garima koo napolean raajaa joseph bonapart dwara samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa, 1834 mein punarjeevit honey seey pahale jaba spen key sathiyon key kaksh mein grandy koo prathamikta dee gaee thee.
aajkal, sabhi bhavya logon koo "pratham shreni kaa" maanaa jaataa haye, aur yeh ack sammaanjanak garima haye joe naa tou shakti yaa kanuni visheshaadhikaar pradaan karati haye. aeye (bhavyata) kuleenata key khitaab seey ack alag kanuni ikai haye, halanki aam taur parr lekin vishesh roop seey ack upaadhi key sanyojan mein naheen dee jaati haye. 20veen shatabdi key baad seey spen key raajaa ney hamesha kissy bhee nae banaae gaye duke koo ack puraskar pradaan kiya haye.
kissy bhee mahaan pada kaa grandy gair-grandy (spanish shaahi parivaar key sadasyon key alawa) kii tulanaa mein prathamikta mein adhik haye, bhale hii vaha gair-grandy ukt grandy kii tulanaa mein uchch shreni kaa vanshaanugat khitaab () rakhta hoe. iss prakaar, ack bairan-grandy ack gair-grandy markes koo pachhaad dega, iss prakaar kuleenata kii upaadhi key bajaay vareeyata key vanshaanugat pada kii garima pradaan karega. 1987 seey, spen key ack bachche koo spanish shaahi parivaar key sadasyon key roop mein maanyata dee jaati haye aur unhein shishtachar seey ack bhavya vyakti kaa pada aur shally pradaan kii jaati haih way aupchaarik roop seey iss garima koo taba taka naheen rakhate jaba taka kii unhein samprabhu dwara ack upaadhi naheen dee jaati.
kuchh sabse prasiddh spanish grandy arcos, alba, medinacelli, vilahermosa, osuna, dell infantado, alberkerk, moctezuma, frias aur madina-sidonia key duke hain; prasiddh markes mein aguiller dee campu, estorga, santillana aur benavente, lerine, olivares, onet aur lemos kii ginati bhee shamil haye.
bhavya aur unaki patniyaan 'sabse utkrisht swami/mahila' yaa 'unaki sabse utkrishtata' key sammaanjanak upsarg key hakdar hain, aur unhein raajaa dwara (chachera bhaai) key roop mein sambodhit kiya jaa sakata haye, halanki yeh parampara aaj anupayukt haye.
purtagaal aur brazil.
purtagaali aur brazilian kuleenata donon ney kuleen logon key uchch pada koo naamit karane key liye spanish seey shabd ("grandy") koo apanaaya. brazil kii pranali swachaalit roop seey duke, markis aur count (saath hii archbishop aur bishap) ("samrajya key grandy", yaa shaabdik roop seey "samrajya key mahaan logon" key roop mein anuvaadit) maanati haye. wiscount aur bairan koo bhee ("bhavyata", vaikalpik roop seey "mahanata") key saath yaa usake binaa bhee pratishthit kiya jaa sakata haye.
bhavyata seey sampann wiscounts ney apani baahon key coat parr ack count kaa coronet pradarshit kiya, aur bhavyata seey sampann bairanon key haathon mein wiscounts kaa coronet thaa.
brazil key kuleen varg mein vareeyata kaa crum iss prakaar thaah shaahi parivaar key sadasyon key baad, duke, markis, count, bhavyata key saath wiscount, bhavyata key binaa wiscount, bhavyata key saath bairan, bhavyata key binaa bairan. brazil kii bhavyata, apane kuleen varg kii tarah, vanshaanugat upaadhiyan naheen theen.
mahaan logon koo raajaa yaa samrat kii upasthiti mein apane sir koo taba taka dhakane kii anumati thee jaba taka kii samrat anyatha adesh naa dey; jaise kii poore europe mein kaheen aur, inn kuleen parivaaron ney apani sampattiyon, dibbon (yaa vaahanon) aur apani kabron parr apane hathiyaron key coat pradarshit kiye (hatchment dekhein). purtagaal aur brazil mein rajshahi key unmoolan ney iss tarah key khitabon key aupchaarik upayog koo samaapt curr diyaa, halanki kuchh purtagaali abhijaat varg key beach unakaa upayog jaari haye.
grandy (naee model senaa).
angreji grihyuddh key dauran, naee aadarsh senaa mein sewarat bhoomi parr tainaat varishth sainya adhikaariyon koo anaupchaarik roop seey "grandy" kahaa jaane lagaa.
grihyuddh mein raajaa charles pratham kii haar key baad, nae model senaa key sainikon key kattarpanthi nirvaachit pratinidhiyon, jinhen "andolankariyon" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur senaa key "grandies" jaise surr thomas fairfax, oliver cromwell aur heinry irton key beach bahas aur takraav kii ack shrinkhala hui, jinhone andolankariyon key adhik kattarpanthi prastaavon kaa virodh kiya. asahamati koo saarvajanik roop seey putni bahas mein prasaarit kiya gayaa thaa, joe octuber 1647 key anta mein shuru hui aur kaee hafton taka chully.

