
ostfold line

ostfold line () ack railway line haye joe oslo seey folo key paschimi hisson seey hocker chalati haye aur ostfold seey norwey mein cornjo taka jaati haye. yeh norwey/veneran rekha key roop mein sweeden key madhyam seey jaari haye. uttari aadhaa dohri pagadandi haye aur poori line kaa vidyuteekaran kiya gayaa haye. yeh yatri, kshetriya aur malgadiyon key sanyojan kii seva kartaa haye aur norwey key dakshin mein mukhya rail galiyara haye. folo line surang mein ostfold line key samanantar chalati haye. purvi ostfold line skii station parr shaakhaaen kholati haye aur surpsborg station parr phir seey shamil honey seey pahale chalati haye.
2 janwari 1879 koo smalleny line () key roop mein line kholi gaee. stations koo peater andreas blicks dwara design kiya gayaa thaa. yeh norwey mein pahala railway thaa jisane mukhya roop seey lohe key pulon aur viducts kaa nirmaan kiya thaa. 1910 seey 1940 taka line kaa unnayan kiya gayaa jisamen oslo seey skii taka key khand koo dohra track milaa, anumat vajan aur gati koo badhaaya gayaa aur line kaa vidyuteekaran kiya gayaa. 1989 seey 1996 taka skii seey sandbooka taka key khand koo dohra track milaa aur adhikatam anumati praapt gati badhkar dou gunaa hoe gaee. 2015 seey kaam chala rhaa haye kii adhikansh line koo uchch gati seey unnat kiya jaae, cumm seey cumm 2030 taka nae patariyon key saath.
maarg.
ostfold line oslo kendriya station seey oslo, ackersus aur ostfold key countiyon key madhyam seey cornjo mein norwey-sweeden seema taka chalati haye, joe ack doori koo cover karati haye. rekha aam taur parr oslofjord key paschimi tata kaa anusaran karati haye, jahan yeh skii, ass, westby, moss, frederickstad, surpsborg key pramukh shaharon seey hocker gujarati haye. line maanak gaze haye aur bijli seey bunny haye. yeh oslo seey sandbooka taka kaaee key uttar mein dohri pagadandi haye, joe ack doori key saath-saath pichhale raiz station seey bhee haye. iss line key saath teen railway station aur teen malvahak terminal hain. cornjo mein rekha norwey/veneran rekha key roop mein sweeden key madhyam seey jaari haye.
ostfold line shabd kaa upayog aamtaur parr oslo seey laker moss seey laker cornjo taka key khand kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. ise kabhi-kabhi paschimi rekha bhee kahaa jaataa haye. donon upayog skii seey askim seey surpsborg taka key khand koo baahar karate hain, jise purvi rekha key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. anya samay mein ostfold line kaa upayog poore network koo sandarbhit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, donon kaaee aur askim key madhyam seey. kabhi-kabhi paschimi rekha kaa upayog kewal skii seey laker kaaee seey laker surpsborg taka key khand kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. halanki purvi aur paschimi shaakhaon koo shuru mein samaan roop seey yojnabaddh kiya gayaa thaa, lekin paschimi hamesha uchch maanak honey aur sabhi trains key madhyam seey seva dene key kaaran pramukh hoe gayaa haye.
oslo mein loenga mein line shaakhaon mein, mukhya bhaag kendriya station kii or jaataa haye aur loenga-alanabru line alanabru maal terminal kii or jaati haye. iss khand kaa upayog kewal malgadiyon dwara kiya jaataa haye. purvi ostfold line skii seey surpsborg taka tommer, hobal, edsberg, mysen aur reckested kii nagar paalikaon key madhyam seey chalati haye. aam taur parr kewal yatri trains kii seva karate hue, iska upayog aavashyakta padane parr bipass key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
oslo-moss key madhyam seey halden.
oslo central station key baad ostfold line dakshin kii or mudati haye aur bannefjorden kii tatrekha key saath lajaan taka chalati haye, jahaan maarg moss key liye ack adhik purvi antardeshiya galiyare koo letaa haye. iska matlab haye kii uttar-dakshin disha mein samtal ghaatiyon kaa anusaran karna, kolbot, skii aur westby seey gujarna. moss mein ostfold rekha phir seey oslofjord tata taka pahunchati haye lekin jald hii poorv kii or bhatak jaati haye aur doosari baar, tateey bheetari ilaakon mein paar hoti haye, iss baar frederickstad taka. vahaan seey, uttar-poorv kii or badhate hue, rekha gloma ghaati kaa upayog karke surpsborg taka jaati haye, nadee koo pull karati haye, dakshin kii or mudati haye aur dakshini wicken (county) mein jyaadaatar sapaat ilaakon seey gujarane key baad halden taka pahunchati haye.
itihas.
yojana banaana.
ostfold mein railway mein praarambhik ruchi kii kamee burf-mukt oslofjord aur ack line banaane kii kathit gair-aavashyakta key kaaran hui thee jahaan ack upayukt jalmarg pahale seey maujood thaa. county key madhyam seey ack railway key prastaavon koo taba smalleny key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, pahali baar 1866 mein sampaadak koo dou swatantra patron key saath shuru kiya gayaa thaa. unhone bahas kaa udaaharan diyaa, jisamen seey ack ney badey tateey shaharon key madhyam seey tata key saath ack maarg kaa prastaav rakhaa, jabaki dusare ney askim aur rockstead key madhyam seey ack aantarik maarg kaa prastaav rakhaa. agale varsh praarambhik sarvekshan kiye gaye, jisamen swedish seema key dou maargon kii bhee jaanch kii gaee, ack tistellen key madhyam seey aur ack edefjord key saath. sarkaar pahale tou cumm utsaahi thee, kuchh hudd taka kyonki way chintit they kii swedish paksh parr koee line naheen banaai jaayegi.
1872 taka ack aantarik yaa tateey maarg parr asahamati badh rahee thee aur ack samjhauta prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa jisamen dou shaakhaon key saath line kaa nirmaan kiya jaayega. sarkaar ney 5 aprail 1873 koo ack dohare hathiyaron vaali rekha kii sifarish kii aur 5 juuna koo sansad mein ise manjuri dee gaee. vistrit sarvekshan kaa netritva carle abraham pihal ney kiya aur 31 march 1874 koo nishkarsh nikala. maarg abhee bhee vivadaspad thaa, vishesh roop seey fredericksted koo kaise seva dee jaani chaahiye, iss baare mein. yadi shahar koo ack shakha line key saath seva dee jaati haye tou mukhya line koo chhota kiya jaa sakata haye. laagat anumaanon mein vriddhi key saath, sansad ney purvi rekha parr maanak koo cumm karane kaa nirnay liya. ack vivaad bhee thaa kii kyaa usa rekha koo mysen koo darkinar curr denaa chaahiye.
halden mein line kaa ack mahatvapurna virodh thaa, kyonki chinta thee kii yeh lakadi key yatayat koo pakad legaa joe anyatha halden taka chalaa jaayega. vahaan key vyaapaari aur rajneta swedish praant dulland seey judey honey key baare mein adhik chintit they, jahan seey shahar key lakadi key niryaat kaa ack badaa hissa utpann huaa thaa. link key swedish hisse koo surakshit karane key liye, dulland line koo assie pratishat norwey kii rajdhani aur halden mein isake mukhya karyalaya key saath ack niji railway key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa.
nirmaan.
1874 mein nirmaan shuru huaa, shuru mein kewal oslo seey halden taka key khand parr. paschimi rekha parr gyaarah aur purvi rekha parr chaar khandon mein kaam koo vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. poorv koo 30 kilogram prati meater (60 pound/feat) kaa rail vajan praapt huaa. purvi rekha parr kaam 1877 taka shuru naheen huaa thaa. iska track vajan kewal 25 kilogram prati meater (50 pound/feat) thaa. 1877 mein mandee aaee aur sarkaar ney ack avadhi key liye sabhi nirmaan bund curr diye, shuru mein ise kewal paschimi rekha parr jaari rakhaa. adhikansh karyabal swedish apravasi they. samjhaute key aadhar parr seedhe railway dwara jamini kaary kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen thekedaaron dwara patariyon koo bichhaaya gayaa thaa.
naurave mein pahali railway line thee joe sabhi pulon koo lohe seey banaaya gayaa thaa. isane kuchh sthaanon parr videct key nirmaan kii anumati dee, jisane dravyamaan santulan koo badal diyaa jisase rekha koo behtar dhaal kaa paalan karane kii anumati millie. dou sabse pramukh pull lajan pull aur hollen pull they. pendulam stambh kaa upayog karane vaalaa baad vaalaa duniya mein pahala thaa. pulon aur viducts koo axel jacob pieterson dwara design kiya gayaa thaa.
oslo seey halden taka kii paschimi line koo 2 janwari 1879 koo rajaswa seva mein leey liya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, aadhikarik udghaatan 18 julaai taka naheen huaa thaa. taba taka gothenberg taka rail connection puuraa hoe chuka thaa. purvi line key nirmaan mein deree hui aur 18 julaai seey 24 navambar 1882 key beach ise charanon mein khola gayaa.
praarambhik sanchaalan.
pahale rolling stock mein yatri train key liye aathh nsb varg 9 bhaap injan, malgadiyon key liye teen nsb varg 10 ikaaiyaan aur dou nsb varg 14 loko shamil they. yatri kaaren pahale 60 dibbon mein theen. 1883 seey oslo seey lajan station taka ack yatri train seva shuru kii gaee thee, jisase nordstrand key kshetron koo badey paimaane parr awas key liye kholane kii anumati millie. railway ney teji seey daak sevaaon kii anumati dee aur trains mein mausam key purvanuman key saath marker leey jaaya gayaa, jisaki ghoshana stations parr kii gaee thee. 1 julaai 1886 taka ack pratyaksh antarrashtriya train seva shuru naheen kii gaee thee, jaba gothenberg aur hamberg key liye ack seedhi seva shuru kii gaee thee. usa samay coppenhagen kii yatra kaa samay saadhe bees ghante thaa. agale varsh sleeper cares kii shuruat kii gaee.
yatri yatayat mein vriddhi hui aur 1893 mein kolbot mein ack nayaa yatri station khola gayaa. dou shakha lines kaa nirmaan surpsborg seey kiya gayaa thaa. 1891 mein borregard key liye ack shakha kholi gaee aur aathh saal baad hafslund line kholi gaee. maanav khaad key saath oslo mein samasya kaa laabh uthaane key liye, kisaanon koo sansaadhan taka pahunch dene key liye domtorp, oss aur westby mein dipo banaae gaye they. khaad trains 1929 taka chalati theen. 1897 mein kuchh sabse vyast stations parr interlocking system kaa nirmaan shuru huaa, halanki 1920 key dashak taka whiffle-surakshit karyakshamta upalabdh naheen thee. 1900 mein ack tej antar-scandinavian seva shuru kii gaee thee, jisase coppenhagen key liye yatra kaa samay 16 ghante aur 20 minut taka cumm hoe gayaa thaa. uchch maangon key kaaran railway ney 1910 aur 1916 key beach nau nae nsb varg 27 injanon kaa adesh diyaa, jisase line parr adhikatam gati badh gaee. nsb ney 1916 mein frederickstand aur skazeberg key beach sthaaniya sevaaon parr ea 1, ack sanchaayak vidyut locomotive kii shuruat kii, jahaan yeh 1920 taka upayog mein rhaa.
line unnayan.
norwey seey baahar mukhya antarrashtriya railway key roop mein, ostfold line mein gati aur axel load kii kuchh sabse adhik maang thee. train key vajan aur gati koo badhaane key prayaas mein, norwey key raajya railway ney 1910 mein ack unnayan yojana koo manjuri dee, jise shuru mein 1919 taka puuraa kiya jaanaa thaa. sabhi pulon aur patariyon koo uchch train vajan koo sahan karane key liye unnat kiya jaanaa thaa. pratham vishva yuddh key tootane key kaaran samagri aur dhana kii kamee hoe gaee, aur 1930 mein ack nayaa sarap pull samaapt honey taka unnayan puuraa naheen huaa thaa.
iss rekha koo mool roop seey smalleny line () naam diyaa gayaa thaa, 1921 mein vartani koo smalleny () mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. iss avadhi key dauran ise aamtaur parr dakshin rekha () key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa, halanki yeh kabhi bhee aadhikarik naheen thaa. jaisa kii line kaa naam county key liye rakhaa gayaa thaa, county ney apana naam smallenon seey badalkar ostfold curr diyaa.
sansad ney 1916 mein oslo seey lajaan taka dohare maarg koo manjuri dee. nirmaan mein apana samay lagaa aur dou charanon mein khola gayaa, 1 juuna 1924 koo beckelgate seey lajaan taka aur 15 maee 1929 koo oslo seey beckelgate taka. lajaan key dakshin mein rekha ney lajaan pull koo paar kiya, jise nae manakon mein unnat naheen kiya jaa sakaa. ack naee dohri-patariyon vaali line kaa nirmaan kiya jaanaa thaa, joe 15 farwari 1925 koo kholi gaee thee. 1930 key dashak taka railway bason aur trucks seey pratispardha badhaa rahee thee. halanki way dheemi gati seey chalate they, lekin unhone train kii tulanaa mein adhik pick-upp sthaanon kii peshkash kii. isaliye nsb ney nirnay liya kii ostfold line, aur vishesh roop seey oslo key sabse karib vaale khand koo, kshamata, vidyut karshan aur adhik stations koo praapt karane kii aavashyakta haye. double tracking dakshin kii or jaari rahee, 15 disambar 1936 koo colbot key liye aur 14 maee 1939 koo skii key liye khula. iss beach, nsb ney gasoline railkar pesh kiye joe nae dhwaj stop parr rook gaye.
vidyuteekaran kaee chhote charanon mein kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen pahala bhaag oslo seey lajaan taka 9 disambar 1936 koo puuraa huaa aur surpsberg seey halden taka kaa antim khand 11 navambar 1940 koo puuraa huaa. nsb class 66 koo ostfold line parr ack express seva key roop mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa, joe pratyek dinn oslo seey halden taka ack round trip chalaata thaa, jisase yatra kaa samay dou ghante taka cumm hoe gayaa thaa. yeh 1956 taka chalaa, jaba unhein dheemi nsb kaksha 65 key saath badal diyaa gayaa. antarrashtriya trains koo 1948 seey swedish raajya railway kii esje aiks5 ikaaiyon key saath seva dee gaee thee, joe duss ghante seey bhee cumm samay mein oslo seey coppenhagen taka chalane mein saksham theen. tej seva kaa naam "scandiapillane" rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1953 mein ack bhuskhalan ney beckelgate key pichhale track kaa hissa dhou diyaa, jisake parinamswarup paanch saal baad beckelgate surang vahaan khul gaee. kshetriya yatayat koo 1950 key dashak key madhya seey naee nsb shreni 68 kaee ikaaiyaan mileen. pyrite key saath ack niyamit train 1966 mein chalane luggy, joe dover line parr herkin seey borregard taka prati varsh 600,000 tunn taka chalati thee. way 1990 key dashak taka baney rahey.
lagbhag kaaee taka double track.
1960 key dashak taka yeh spasht hoe rhaa thaa kii buniyaadi dhancha purana hoe gayaa thaa. ack vishesh samasya kaee star paar karna thaa joe ack suraksha khatra thaa, jisase gati cumm hoe gaee, vishesh roop seey skii aur kaaee key beach. kshamata kaa bhee upayog kiya gayaa aur yeh khand desh mein ekal track kaa sabse vyast khand thaa. pahale seey hii 1950 key dashak key dauran nsb ney dohare track key nirmaan kaa prastaav rakhaa thaa, lekin ise sansad dwara khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. sthiti kaa laabh uthaane key liye nsb ney 1983 mein apani intercity express sevaaon kii shuruat kii. isamen rodge, raade, frederickstad, sappersbourg aur moss key dakshin mein halden taka seemit thaharaav shamil they, jisase badee sankhya mein station bund hoe gaye.
skii aur kaaee key beach unnayan yojanaon koo 1980 key dashak key dauran punarjeevit kiya gayaa thaa. vishesh roop seey westby station parr vishvasaniyata key mudde they aur sweater station aur caine station parr nae passing loop kii aavashyakta thee. haalaanki, yeh bhavishya kii jarooraton koo puuraa karane key liye paryaapt naheen hoga, aur 1985 mein sansad ney westby seey kejen taka ack double track key nirmaan koo paarit kiya. inn yojanaon koo shuru mein kewal kshamata badhaane key liye track koo doguna karane key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin aine. aiss. bee. ney jald hii gati aur maanak koo badhaane parr bhee vichaar karna shuru curr diyaa. rusted seey smorebeck taka maarg kii yojana banaai gaee thee aur europeeya maarg ee6 key samanantar rakhaa gayaa thaa. jaise-jaise yojana aage badhee, nsb ney dheere-dheere ayam koo badhaaya, taaki antim niyojit khand saksham hoe.
twister seey westby taka double track kaa pahala bhaag 30 navambar 1989 koo khola gayaa thaa. poore khand kii laagat 1.6 arab croner thee aur 22 octuber 1996 koo seva key liye khola gayaa thaa. yeh norwey mein itani uchch gati kii anumati dene vaali pahali railway line thee. shahar key madhyam seey maarg parr moss city council key saath asahamati key kaaran, dohri pagadandi moss key uttar mein sandbookta mein cumm hoe gaee. aine. aiss. bee. shreni 70 trains koo 1994 mein intercity express sevaaon parr shuru kiya gayaa thaa, 2003 seey aine. aiss. bee. shreni 73 dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
28 juuna 2000 koo, dohri patariyon kaa ack nayaa khand pichhale riz station key paas khola gayaa thaa. station key poorna unnayan sahit, 21 sadak crossing koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. 500 million croner pariyojana ney kaaee aur frederickstad key beach yatra key samay koo saat minut taka cumm curr diyaa. 2007 seey, raig station ney ack shuttle buss key madhyam seey paas key moss havaai adde, raig key liye ack havaai adde rail link key roop mein bhee kaam kiya haye.
sevaayen.
yatri train sevaayen vee. vaaee. dwara pradaan kii jaati hain. oslo aur skii key beach sabhi stations parr ell2 seva coll. aar21 aur aar22 sevaayen oslo aur skii key beach kii folo line kaa upayog karati hain, phir aar21 paschimi line parr aage badhate hue oss, westby, sonvian aur cambo parr coll karati hain. aar22 purvi line key saath chalata haye, joe mysen seey pahale chhah stations parr coll kartaa haye. ray20 kewal kaaee seey pahale skii parr rukta haye, phir raiz, raade, frederickstad, surpsborg aur halden parosata haye. niyamit ghanton mein ell2 dou ghante kii sevaaon key saath sanchaalit hotaa haye, jabaki anya ack ghante kii sevaaon key saath sanchaalit hotey hain. atirikt bheed-bhaad vaale ghante kii trains hain. pratyek dinn teen punah 20-sevaayen gothenberg kendriya station kii or jaari rahati hain.
vastukala.
peater andreas blicks koo 1873 mein rashtriya railway vastukar key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa aur unhein ostfold line parr stations koo design karane kaa kaary diyaa gayaa thaa. unake designs ney madhyayugeen vastukala, gothik vastukala aur samkaaleen angreji vilaa shailiyon seey prerana lii. unhone aantarik yojanaon koo baahari aakar parr haavi honey diyaa aur samroopata seey bachaa. station kii adhikansh imaaraten lakadi aur maankeekrit designs mein theen. jinn stations parr adhik yatayat honey kii ummeed thee, unhein ack alag maal shade praapt huaa. chaar mukhya shaharon koo eent station praapt hue. halden station sabse pramukh thaa, jisamen ack baahari hissa thaa joe frederickston kille seey prerit madhyayugeen kilon key tatvon aur ack seemavarti shahar key roop mein shahar kii bhoomika koo aakarshit kartaa thaa. kaaee, frederickstad aur surpsborg koo pratyek agrabhag parr teen gables key saath ack hii design praapt huaa.
bhavishya.
ostfold line antar-shahar trikon kaa hissa haye aur norwey mein chaar prathamikta vaali lines mein seey ack koo uchch gati rail mein unnat kiya jaa rhaa haye. oslo seey halden taka key poore khand koo 2034 taka unnat kiya jaanaa haye. pahala kadam folo line kaa nirmaan thaa, ack naee line joe oslo seey skii taka lagbhag poori lambai mein ack surang mein chalati haye. yeh skii key dakshin kii or jaane vaali sabhi yatri trains koo 11 minut kii bachat karane kii anumati detaa haye, aur adhik yatri aur malgadi key liye puraane dohare track parr kshamata koo mukt kartaa haye. nirmaan 2015 mein shuru huaa aur 2022 mein faulo line kholi gaee thee. isamen crockstead key liye ack nayaa connection bhee shamil hoe sakata haye. ack baar puuraa honey key baad, oslo seey skii taka key puraane double track koo ack overhall praapt hoga.
dakshin kii or unnayan koo chaar charanon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye. 2026 taka sandbookta seey ack nae moss station key madhyam seey hogg taka laapata double-track link puuraa honey key liye nirdhaarit haye. frederickstad key uttar mein haag seey seut taka kii line koo 2029 key bheetar samaapt karane kii yojana haye, dou saal pahale dohare track seey surpsborg taka. halden key liye antim charan 2034 mein puuraa honey vaalaa haye. rashtriya rail prashaasan dohare track koo aur dakshin mein vistaarit karane kii sambhaavanaon parr kaam curr rhaa haye aur swedish adhikaariyon key saath milkar oslo aur gothenberg key beach ack uchch gati vaale link koo puuraa curr rhaa haye. swedish paksh mein exnered key liye antim pahale seey hii samaapt hoe chuka haye.
prati dinn pratyek disha mein anumaanit gyaarah trains key saath, maal dhulai mein vriddhi key liye sabse badee kshamata iss rail line mein haye. inmein sweeden mein gottland key liye malgadi shamil hain, jisamen gothenberg key bandargah key liye ack shuttle seva bhee shamil haye. sevaaen denmark aur aage dakshin taka bhee chala sakati theen. nerve maarg seey bahut saare khaadya aur anya saamanon kaa ayaat hotaa haye lekin iska adhikansh hissa sadak maarg seey nerve maarg mein pravesh kartaa haye. oslo kshetra aur swedish paschimi tata key beach maal dhulai mein ostfold line kaa hissa 11 pratishat haye. dou khadee pahaadiyaan, loenga-alnabru line parr brinsbocken aur halden key dakshin-poorv mein tistaldalsbakken vartamaan mein pramukh baadhaaen hain, joe train key aakar koo seemit karati hain aur locomotive aavashyaktaon koo nirdhaarit karati hain. inn pahaadiyon koo darkinar karane key liye naee lines key nirmaan key prastaav kiye gaye hain. dakshin kaa ack vikalp sweeden mein bohus line parr burg key aspas seey skii taka ack naee railway kaa nirmaan karna hoga. paschimi line parr yatayat itna ghanaa hoga, vishesh roop seey kaaee key uttar mein bheed key samay key dauran, kii yeh sambhav haye kii sabhi malgadiyon koo purvi line key madhyam seey bheja jaa sakey. iska matlab yeh bhee hoga kii surpsborg aur halden key beach maujooda railway koo rakhaa jaayega, halanki ise sambhavatah surpsborg key uttar mein dhwast curr diyaa jaayega.
sanket pranali kaa navinikaran kiya jaanaa haye aur 2030 mein poorna honey kii yojana key saath europeeya train niyantran pranali key saath pratisthaapit kiya jaanaa haye.

