
glyceronogenesis

glyceronogenesis ack chayapachaya maarg haye joe glycerol 3-phosphat yaa triglyceride koo glucose key alawa anya agraduton seey sanshleshit kartaa haye. aamtaur parr glycerol 3-phosphat glycolysis dwara glucose seey utpann hotaa haye, lekin jaba cytosol mein glucose kii sandrata cumm hoe jaati haye, tou yeh glyceronogenesis naamak ack anya maarg seey utpann hotaa haye. glyceronogenesis glycerol 3-phosphat key liye agradoot key roop mein pyruvet, elenin, glutamine yaa tii. see. aeye. chakr seey kissy bhee padaarth kaa upayog kartaa haye. phosphoanolpyruvate carboxykiness (pee. ee. pee. see.-key.), joe ack enzyme haye joe oxalocetate key phosphoanolpyruvate mein vikarshan koo utprerit kartaa haye, iss maarg key liye mukhya niyaamak haye. glyceronogenesis koo vasaa ootak aur yakrit mein bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye. yeh ack mahatvapurna jaiv rasayanik maarg haye joe cytosolic lipid key star koo niyantrit kartaa haye. glyceronogenesis key teevra daman seey type 2 madhumeh jaise chayapachaya vikaar hoe sakate hain.
saransh.
standhaariyon mein, triglycerol yaa isaki reedh, glycerol 3-phosphat, aamtaur parr glycolysis key madhyam seey glucose seey sanshleshit kiya jaataa haye. glucose taba taka kharaab hoe jaayega jaba taka kii fructose 1,6-bisphosphate koo dihydroxiacetone phosphat mein vibhajit naheen kiya jaataa haye, jiska upayog glycerol 3-phosphat aur glyceraldehyde 3-phosphat utpann karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. haalaanki, jaba kissy jeev mein glucose jaise carbohydrate kii kamee hoti haye, jaise kii upvaas key dauran yaa cumm carbohydrate vaale aahar parr, tou glycerol 3-phosphat glyceronogenesis dwara utpann hotaa haye. anya chayapachaya prakriyaon mein upayog key liye lipid key sanshleshan key saath-saath, glyceronogenesis cytosol mein lipid key star koo niyantrit kartaa haye, kyonki isamen triglycerides utpann karane key liye fatty acid kaa punah-asterfication shamil hotaa haye.
chayapachaya maarg.
glyceronogenesis key mukhya agradoot pyruvet, lactate, glutamine aur elenin hain. glyceronogenesis koo gluconogenesis key shakha maarg key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye kyonki glyceronogenesis mein pahale kuchh charan bilkul gluconogenesis key samaan hotey hain.
jaba pyruvet yaa lactate kaa upayog glycerol 3-phosphat key liye agradoot key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, tou glyceronogenesis thheek usee maarg kaa anusaran kartaa haye jaise gluconogenesis jaba taka kii yeh dihydroxiacetone phosphat utpann naheen kartaa haye. lactate dehydrogenase dwara utprerit lactate, nad + kii keemat parr pyruvet banaayega. isake alawa, 1 aeye. tii. pee. aur bicarbonate kaa upayog karke, pyruvet koo oxaloacet mein parivartit kiya jaayega. joe pyruvet carboxylase dwara utprerit hotaa haye. oxalocetate koo pee. ee. pee. see.-key. dwara utprerit kiya jaayega taaki phosphoanolpiruvate utpann kiya jaa sakey. oxalocetate kaa yeh phosphorylation aur decarboxylation glyceronogenesis mein ack mahatvapurna kadam haye kyonki puuraa maarg iss pratikriya dwara niyantrit hotaa haye. phosphoanolpyruvate key utpaadan key baad, gluconiogenesis taba taka jaari rahega jaba taka kii dihydroxiacetone phosphat utpann naheen hoe jaataa, joe 2-phosphoglycert, 3-phosphoglycert, 1,3-bosphoglycert aur glyceraldehyde 3-phosphat kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. jaba dihydroxiacetone phosphat kaa utpaadan hotaa haye, tou glyceronogenesis gluconogenesis seey shakha chhod dega. naadh key kharch key saath, dihydroxysatone phosphat glycerol 3-phosphat (chitra 4) mein parivartit hoe jaayega, joe glyceronogenesis kaa antim utpaad haye. isake alawa, triglyceride koo glycerol 3-phosphat parr 3 fatty acid shrinkhalaon key punah-asterfication dwara utpann kiya jaa sakata haye. isaliye, glyceronogenesis ack chayapachaya maarg haye joe lactate yaa pyruvet seey shuru hotaa haye, aur yeh gluconogenesis key samaan haye, lekin jaba dihydroxiacetone phosphat utpann hotaa haye tou maarg shaakhaon seey baahar nickle jaayega. gluconogenesis key roop mein fructose 1,6-bisfosphate kaa utpaadan karane key bajaay, glyceronogenesis dihydroxiacetone phosphat koo glycerol 3-phosphat mein parivartit kartaa haye.
elnin kaa upayog glyceronogenesis key agradoot key roop mein bhee kiya jaa sakata haye kyonki elnin koo pyruvet mein giraaya jaa sakata haye. elnin apane emino samooh koo 2-oxogluterate mein sthanantarit karke elnin aminotransferase naamak enzyme key saath pyruvet mein gir jaayega. elnin aminotransferase elnin seey emino samooh koo alag curr dega aur ise 2-oxogluterate seey jodd dega joe elnin seey pyruvet aur 2-oxogluterate seey glutamate utpann kartaa haye. elnin seey utpann pyruvet glyceronogenesis mein pravesh karega aur glycerol 3-phosphat utpann karega.
glutamate ack gyaat chayapachaya padaarth bhee haye joe glyceronogenesis mein pravesh curr sakata haye. choonki glyceronogenesis kii pramukh pratikriya oxalocetate kaa phosphoanolpiruvate mein decarboxylation aur phosphorylation haye, siddhant roop mein, koee bhee jaiv rasayanik maarg joe oxalocetate utpann kartaa haye, glyceronogenesis seey sambandhit haye. udaaharan key liye, glutamate 2 charanon mein oxalocetate utpann curr sakata haye. sabse pahale, glutamate koo glutamate dehydrogenase kii madad seey nad + aur aich2oh key kharch seey 2-oxogluterate mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye. doosara, 2-oxogluterate oxalocetate utpann karane key liye tricarboxylic acid chakr mein pravesh curr sakata haye. isaliye, saiddhaantik roop seey tii. see. aeye. chakr mein kissy bhee chayapachaya yaa tii. see. aeye. chakr key chayapachaya koo utpann karane vaale kissy bhee chayapachaya kaa upayog glyceronogenesis key agradoot key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin glutamate ekmatra poorvavarti haye jisaki pushti kii gaee haye,
viniyaman.
phosphoanolpyruvate carboxykiness (pee. ee. pee. see.-key.).
glyceronogenesis koo dou pratikriya maargon parr niyantrit kiya jaa sakata haye. sabse pahale, ise oxalocetate seey phosphoanolpyruvate key decarboxylation mein viniyamit kiya jaa sakata haye. doosara, tii. see. aeye. chakr glyceronogenesis koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye jaba tii. see. aeye. chakr mein glutamate yaa substrate kaa upayog agradoot key roop mein kiya jaa rhaa haye. 
oxalocetate seey phosphoanolpyruvate kaa decarboxylation pepsy-key dwara utprerit hotaa haye, joe aavashyak enzyme haye joe glyceronogenesis koo niyantrit kartaa haye. pee. pee. see.-key. key star mein vriddhi yaa jeane kii atee abhivyakti joe pee. pee. see.-key. key liye code karati haye, glyceronogenesis koo badhaa degi. isake alawa, oxalocetate koo phosphoanolpiruvate mein vighatit kiya jaa sakata haye jaba adhik pee. ee. pee. see.-key. hotaa haye joe pratikriya koo utprerit curr sakata haye. isake alawa, pepsy-key kii jeane abhivyakti koo norpinefrine, glucocorticoids aur insulin dwara dabaaya jaa sakata haye. norpinefrine ack neurotransmitter haye joe koshika key thhande vatavaran mein honey parr pee. ee. pee. see.-key. kii gatividhi koo cumm curr detaa haye. glucocorticoid steroid harmon hain joe yakrit aur vasaa ootakon mein glyceronogenesis key parasparik viniyaman mein shamil hain. vaastavik tantra koo achchi tarah seey samajha naheen gayaa haye, lekin glucocorticoid yakrit mein pee. pee. see.-key. key pratilekhan koo prerit karate hain jabaki vasaa ootakon mein pratilekhan koo cumm karate hain. insulin ack peptide harmon haye joe koshikaon koo glucose lene key liye prerit kartaa haye. glyceronogenesis key madhyam seey, insulin yakrit aur vasaa ootak donon mein pepsy-key kii abhivyakti koo cumm kartaa haye.
tii. see. aeye. chakr.
jaba tii. see. aeye. chakr yaa glutamate seey chayapachaya kaa upayog glyceronogenesis key liye ack agradoot key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, tou tii. see. aeye. chakr mein niyaamak bhee glyceronogenesis dwara banaae gaye utpaadon key star mein utaar-chadhaav kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. tii. see. aeye. chakr kaa viniyaman jyaadaatar utpaad avrodh aur substrate kii upalabdhata dwara nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye. tii. see. aeye. chakr taba dheema hoe jaayega jaba paryaavaran mein atirikt utpaad maujood hoe yaa aeye. dee. pee. aur aine. aeye. dee. jaise substrate kii kamee hoe.+
sthaan.
choonki glyceronogenesis lipid viniyaman seey sambandhit haye, isaliye yeh vasaa ootak aur yakrit mein paaya jaa sakata haye. vasaa ootak mein, glyceronogenesis mukt vasaa acid koo phir seey utsarjit karke unhein chhodata haye aur yakrit mein, triglycerides koo lipid vitaran key liye sanshleshit kiya jaataa haye.
safed vasaa ootak.
safed vasaa ootak, jise safed vasaa key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, standhaariyon mein 2 prakaar key vasaa ootakon mein seey ack haye. safed vasaa ootak triglycerides key roop mein oorjaa koo sangraheet kartaa haye jise mukt vasaa acid mein todaa jaa sakata haye. iska samanya kaary ootak key bheetar mukt vasaa aml koo triglyceride key roop mein sangraheet karna haye. haalaanki, jaba upvaas jaisi sthitiyon mein koshika mein glucose kaa star gir jaataa haye, tou safed vasaa ootak glycerol 3-phosphat utpann kartaa haye.
braun edipose ootak.
braun edipose ootak ack anya prakaar kaa edipose ootak haye joe mukt vasaa acid koo sangraheet kartaa haye. braun edipose ootak vishesh roop seey navjat aur hibernating standhaariyon mein prachur matra mein hotaa haye. bhoore aur safed vasaa ootak key beach mukhya antar yeh haye kii bhoore vasaa ootakon mein safed vasaa ootakon kii tulanaa mein glyceronogenesis mein uchch gatividhi hoti haye aur bhoore vasaa ootak mein glyceronogenesis thermogenesis seey sambandhit haye. braun edipose ootak mein glyceronogenesis kii gatividhi safed edipose ootak kii tulanaa mein adhik hoti haye kyonki isamen glyceronogenesis mein shamil adhik enzyme hotey hain. safed vasaa ootak kii tulanaa mein, bhoore vasaa ootak mein pepsy-key aur glycerol kinnez kii gatividhi kaafee adhik hoti haye. bhoore rung key vasaa ootak mein pee. pee. see.-key. kii gatividhi safed vasaa ootak kii gatividhi seey lagbhag 10 gunaa adhik hoti haye. pepsy-key, joe oxalocetate koo phosphoanolpiruvate mein badalane mein shamil haye, vaha pramukh enzyme haye joe glyceronogenesis koo niyantrit kartaa haye. enzyme kii gatividhi mein vriddhi maarg kii gatividhi koo badhaa degi. isake alawa, naa kewal pee. pee. see.-key. balki braun edipose ootak bhee glycerol kinnez kii gatividhi seey bharpur hotaa haye. glycerol kinnez vaha enzyme haye joe triglycerides, glycerol 3-phosphat kii reedh utpann karane key liye phosphorylate glycerol banaata haye. glycerol kinnez kii gatividhi mein vriddhi key parinamswarup glycerol 3-phosphat key utpaadan mein vriddhi hogi. natijatan, braun edipose ootak mein glyceronogenesis mein adhik gatividhi hogi, kyonki isamen maarg mein shamil adhik enzyme hotey hain.
isake alawa, bhoore rung key vasaa ootak mein glyceronogenesis jeev mein thermogenesis seey sambandhit haye. standhaariyon mein, mitochondria mein mukt vasaa acid pahunchaane seey garmi utpann hoti haye. jaba glyceronogenesis niyamit roop seey aage badh rhaa hotaa haye, tou antahkoshikiya vatavaran mein mukt vasaa aml kii sandrata cumm hoti haye kyonki glyceronogenesis vasaa aml koo triglycerides mein punah utsarjit kartaa haye. dusare shabdon mein, mukt vasaayukt aml dwara thermogenesis honey kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye jaba glyceronogenesis aage badh rhaa hotaa haye. haalaanki, jaba sardi key sampark mein aataa haye, tou norpinefrine naamak ack neurotransmitter harmon pee. ee. pee. see.-key. kii gatividhi koo dabaa detaa haye. jaba pee. pee. see.-key. kii gatividhi koo dabaa diyaa jaataa haye, tou glyceronogenesis mukt vasaa acid koo phir seey utsarjit karane mein asamarth hoga. antatah, koshika key bheetar mukt vasaayukt aml kii sandrata badhegi jisase cytosol mein atyadhik mukt vasaayukt aml hoe jaayenge, joe parinamswarup thermogenesis key liye mitochondria mein vitarit kiye jaayenge. isaliye, jaba ack standhari thhand key sampark mein aataa haye, tou glyceronogenesis kii gatividhi koo cumm karke bhoore rung key vasaa ootak mein garmi utpann hoti haye.
yakrit.
halanki glyceronogenesis pahali baar vasaa ootakon mein paaya gayaa thaa, lekin 1998 taka yakrit mein isaki pehchaan naheen hui thee. yeh khoj apratyaashit thee kyonki yakrit mein triglyceride sanshleshan yakrit mein honey vaale gluconogenesis kii matra key kaaran naheen hotaa thaa, aur kyonki maanaa jaataa thaa kii yakrit mein rakt pravaah seey paryaapt glycerol 3-phosphat ekatra kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, kaee prayog, jinhone yakrit aur raktapravaah mein glycerol koo track karane key liye sthir isotope kaa upayog kiya, seey pataa chalaa kii raktapravaah mein triglycerides kii glycerol reedh kaa 65 pratishat vaastav mein yakrit mein sanshleshit hotaa haye. vaastav mein, yakrit aadhe seey adhik glycerol standhaariyon koo unake shareer mein lipid koo niyantrit karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
yakrit aur vasaa ootakon mein glyceronogenesis lipid chayapachaya koo vipareet tarikon seey niyantrit kartaa haye. ack or, triglycerides key roop mein lipid yakrit seey nikalate hain. haalaanki, doosari or, glyceronogenesis vasaa ootakon seey vasaa acid koo phir seey utsarjit karke chhodata haye. dusare shabdon mein, yakrit aur vasaa ootakon mein glyceronogenesis koo baari-baari seey niyantrit kiya jaataa haye. jaba rakt mein lipid kii sandrata apekshaakrit adhik hoti haye, tou yakrit mein glyceronogenesis koo triglyceride key sanshleshan koo rokane key liye nakaratmak roop seey niyantrit kiya jaayega, lekin edipose ootakon mein glyceronogenesis koo raktapravaah mein mukt vasaa acid kii rihaai koo rokane key liye prerit kiya jaayega. isake vipareet, yakrit mein glyceronogenesis prerit hoga aur vasaa ootakon mein dabaa diyaa jaayega jaba rakt kaa lipid star cumm hoga. bhale hii glyceronogenesis key parasparik viniyaman koo achchi tarah seey samajha naheen gayaa haye, lekin glucocorticoid naamak harmon viniyaman kaa sabse achchha udaaharan haye. glucocorticoid yakrit mein pee. pee. see.-key. key. jeane pratilekhan koo prerit karate hain lekin vasaa ootakon mein pratilekhan koo dabaa dete hain.
roga.
type 2 madhumeh.
glyceronogenesis koo niyantrit karane mein viphalata seey type 2 madhumeh hoe sakata haye. type 2 madhumeh ack chayapachaya vikaar haye jisake parinamswarup rakt sharkara aur rakt lipid kaa uchch star hotaa haye. type 2 madhumeh atyadhik sakriya glyceronogenesis aur vasaa ootakon seey vasaa acid key atirikt release key kaaran yakrit mein triglycerides key adhik utpaadan seey judaa huaa haye. choonki glyceronogenesis kii gatividhi jyaadaatar pee. ee. pee. see.-key. parr nirbhar haye, isaliye pee. ee. pee. see.-key. key liye abhivyaktiyon mein utaar-chadhaav glyceronogenesis kii gatividhi koo naatakiya roop seey prabhaavit karega. yakrit mein pee. pee. see.-key. koo adhik dabaav daalane seey antatah triglycerides kaa adhik utpaadan hoga, joe raktapravaah mein lipid key star koo badhaa sakata haye. isake vipareet, vasaa ootak mein, downeragulated glyceronogenesis dee novo lipogenesis koo cumm curr sakata haye. dabayal glyceronogenesis key parinamswarup vasaa ootakon mein mukt vasaa aml kii vriddhi hogi aur isake baad raktapravaah mein iska niryaat hoga kyonki glycerol reedh kii huddy kii upalabdhata mein kamee key kaaran triglycerides mein mukt vasaa aml kaa punah utsargeekaran cumm hoe jaayega. isaliye, yakrit mein atyadhik prerit glyceronogenesis aur vasaa ootakon mein kamee kramshah yakrit steatosis aur lipodystrophy kaa kaaran bunn sakati haye, donon hii atyadhik prakaar 2 madhumeh seey judey hotey hain.
upchaar.
glyceronogenesis kaa viniyaman type 2 madhumeh upchaar kaa ack chikitsiya lakshya haye. yakrit mein triglycerides kii rihaai koo rokaa jaanaa chaahiye aur saath hii vasaa ootakon mein mukt vasaa acid kii rihaai koo bhee rokaa jaanaa chaahiye. glyceronogenesis key yakrit mein insulin kaa upayog down regulator key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. glyceronogenesis mein daman yakrit seey raktapravaah mein chhode jaa rahey triglyceride koo cumm curr dega. haalaanki, insulin key saath samasya yeh haye kii yeh vasaa ootak mein glyceronogenesis koo bhee dabaa detaa haye. vasaa ootakon seey mukt vasaa aml kii rihaai koo pratibandhit karane key liye, vasaa aml koo glyceronogenesis dwara punah utsarjit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. theazolidinian ack aisaa padaarth haye joe kewal edipose ootak mein glyceronogenesis koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, jisase pepsy-key kaa pratilekhan badhata haye aur antatah glyceronogenesis koo prerit kartaa haye.

