
baar-baar bandook

ack doharaae jaane vaale agneyastra yaa repeater koee bhee agneyastra (yaa tou ack handgun yaa lambi bandook) haye joe hathiyar mein nae golaa-barud koo manual roop seey phir seey load karane seey pahale baar-baar daage jaane mein saksham haye.
ekal-goli agneyastron key vipareet, joe kewal ack goal pakad aur goli chalaa sakate hain, ack doharaae jaane vaale agneyastra ack patrika key ander kaee cartridge (jaise pistaul, rifle, yaa shotgun mein), ack cylinder (jaise revolver mein) yaa ack belt (jaise machine gunn mein) koo sangraheet curr sakate hain, aur pratyek cartridge koo battery kii sthiti (kaksh key bheetar aur boor key saath sanrekhan mein) mein herfer karane key liye ack chalati kaarravaai kaa upayog karate hain. yeh haath seey golaa-barud koo phir seey load karane kii aavashyakta seey pahale, apekshaakrit twarit anukram mein, hathiyar koo baar-baar chhodane kii anumati detaa haye.
aam taur parr "repeater" shabd adhik sarvavyaapi ekal-bairal sanskaranon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. derringer, paperbox gunn, double-bairal rifle, double-bairal shotgun, sanyojan bandooken aur walley gunn jaise kaee-bairal agneyastra bhee punah bhaar kii aavashyakta seey pahale ack seey adhik cartridge (pratyek bairal key pratyek kaksh mein ack) koo pakad sakate hain aur fayer curr sakate hain, lekin golaa-barud bhandaran key liye patrikaon kaa upayog naheen karate hain aur golaa-barud-bhojan kii suvidha key liye kissy bhee chalati kaarravaai kii kamee hoti haye, joe unhein takniki roop seey kewal ack key baad ack yaa ack baar mein daage jaane vaale kaee single-shott bairal kii assembliyon koo bundle kartaa haye, isaliye karyatmak samaantaa key bavjood "sahee" agneyastron koo dohrate hue naheen. isake vipareet, rotary-bairal agneyastra (jaise.jee. gattling gunn), halanki bahu-bairal vaali bhee haye, golaa-barud khilaane key liye chalati kriyaon key saath belt aur/yaa patrikaon kaa upayog karati haye, joe pratyek bairal koo kissy bhee ekal-bairal repeater kii tarah baar-baar goli chalaane kii anumati detee haye, aur isaliye abhee bhee ack prakaar key roop mein yogya haye.
halanki flintlock breachloading agneyastron koo dohraya jaataa haye (jaise.jee. lorenzoni/cookson repeater aur calthoff repeater) kaa aavishkaar 17veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein kiya gayaa thaa, pahali baar doharaane vaali agneyastra jinka vyaapak upayog kiya gayaa thaa, way 19veen shatabdi mein revolver aur leaver-action repeating rifles theen. yeye pichhali ekal-shott breachloading bandookon kii tulanaa mein ack mahatvapurna pragati thee, kyonki unhone adhik nirantar golibari key liye aag kii bahut adhik darr key saath-saath punah bhaar key beach ack lambe antaral kii anumati dee, aur dhaatu key cartridge key vyaapak upayog ney bhee inn hathiyaron koo jaldi aur adhik suvidhajanak banaa diyaa. 1830 key dashak key madhya mein coult kii patent agneyastra nirmaan company dwara isaki shuruat key baad seey revolver bahut lokpriya sidearm bunn gaye, aur americi grih yuddh key dauran 1860 key dashak kii shuruat mein repeating rifles kaa upayog dekhaa gayaa. doharaae jaane vaale pistaul kaa aavishkaar pahali baar 1880 key dashak key dauran kiya gayaa thaa, aur 20 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein johnn browning aur jorg lugar jaise aavishkarakon key mahatvapurna design yogdan key saath vyaapak roop seey apanaaya gayaa thaa.
sainya seva koo dekhane vaali pahali baar-baar istemal honey vaali bandook vaastav mein ack agneyastra naheen thee, balki ack airgun thee. girardoni air rifle, joe lagbhag 1779 mein italvi aavishkaarak bartolomio girardoni dwara design kii gaee thee aur 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein paschimi uttari america mein luis aur clark abhiyaan seey adhik prasiddh thee, tubeler patrika kaa upayog karane vaali pahali bandookon mein seey ack thee.
tantra.
manual.
haath seey sanchaalit doharaae jaane vaale agneyastra (yaa sankshep mein "manual repeater") mein, upayogkarta koo ise sanchaalit karane key liye kaarravaai parr haath seey bull lagaane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, yaa tou seedhe boult yaa baahari hathaude parr ack handle parr, yaa apratyaksh roop seey ack leaver yaa slide seey judey linkage key madhyam seey.
revolver action.
revolver ack ghoornan cylinder kaa upayog karate hain jisamen kaee kaksh hotey hain, joe ack rotary patrika key samaan kaary karate hain (pratyek kaksh mein ack goal goli hoti haye). jaba hathaude koo mudaa diyaa jaataa haye (yaa tou seedhe haath seey, yaa trigger-pull key madhyam seey apratyaksh roop seey), tou aantarik sampark cylinder koo ghumaayega aur pratyek kaksh koo bairal boor key saath sanrekhan mein anukramit karega. goli chalaate samay, goli cylinder aur bairal key beach key antaral mein thodi see "kood" karegi, jisase kissy bhee germ, uchch dabaav vaali pranodak gais seey ack chhota saa "breach blast" hoga joe antaral seey baahar nikalati haye. boor key breach hisse koo bhee aksar ack funnel jaise "shanku" mein thodaa chauda kiya jaataa haye taaki cylinder key antaral key paar goli koodane mein behtar suvidha hoe sakey.
haalaanki kaee-bairal "kaali mirch-boxes" bandooken sadiyon seey dikhaai detee theen aur 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein lokpriya handgun theen, revolver pahali "sahee" doharaane vaali handgun thee. 1836 mein, saimuel coult ney ack "ghoomane vaali bandook" key liye ack patent aavedan kiya jise baad mein coult patterson naam diyaa gayaa; unhein 25 farwari 1836 (baad mein 9430x) koo patent pradaan kiya gayaa thaa.yeh upkaran aur patent nam. 1304, dinank 29 agast 1836 ney apane ghoomane-bahane-loading, folding-trigger agneyastra key buniyaadi siddhanton kii raksha kii aur unhein 1857 taka revolver nirmaan kaa ekadhikar diyaa. yeh pahali vyaavhaarik revolver aur pahali vyaavhaarik doharaae jaane vaali agneyastra thee, aur ack audyogik aur saanskritik viraasat key saath-saath yuddh praudyogiki key vikas mein yogdan bunn gaee, jise vidambana key roop mein unaki company key baad key navacharon mein seey ack, "peacemaker" key naam seey darshaaya gayaa.
jabaki kuchh shuruati lambi bandooken bhee revolver tantra kaa upayog karke banaai gaee theen, inmein lambi ayu naheen thee kyonki yeh lambi bandookon key saath ack samasya paida karati theeh vishesh sealing vivaran key binaa, cylinder chehare key karib gais nirvahan kaa utpaadan kartaa haye jaba hathiyar koo kandhe seey daaga jaataa haye, jaisa kii rifles key saath ack samanya drishtikon thaa.
revolver tope.
ack revolver tope ack badee-kshamata vaali bandook (tope) haye joe loading-firing-ejection chakr koo tej karane key liye revolver jaise cylinder kaa upayog karati haye. ack rotary tope key vipareet, ack revolver tope mein kewal ack bandook kii nully hoti haye. ack praarambhik agradoot 1718 kii pakal gunn thee, joe ack badee haath seey sanchaalit flintluck bandook thee, jiska design vichaar avyavahaarik thaa kyonki yeh 18 veen shatabdi kii takneek seey bahut aage thaa. 19veen shatabdi key dauran, sangh kii senaa ney pietersberg kii gherabandi key dauran 5 haath seey ghumaaye gaye kakshon key saath ack ekal 2 inch kii revolver tope kaa upayog kiya. 27 aprail 1865 koo union senaa dwara danville, virginia mein bandook koo pakad liya gayaa thaa.
aadhunik revolver topein vaastav mein swachaalit roop seey sanchaalit hathiyar hain. 1905 mein, see. aim. clark ney pahali poori tarah seey swachaalit, gais-sanchaalit rotary chamber gunn kaa patent karaaya, lekin usa samay unake design koo nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki yeh maxic bandook aur browning bandook jaise parasparik-boult swachaalit hathiyaron key roop mein lokpriyata mein charam parr they. 1932 mein, soviyat shkas machine gunn, ack 7.62 mimi caliber vimaan ayudh, ney ack bairal aur ekal kaksh key saath baarah-round kshamata, revolver-shally feeding tantra kaa upayog kiya, jisase 1800 round prati minut seey adhik kii golibari darr praapt kii jaa sakey, aur 1939 mein vishesh pareekshan sanskaranon mein 3,000 round prati minut taka, sabhi aantarik gais-sanchaalit reloading seey kaam karate hain. 1945 key dauran soviyat sainya vimaanon koo hathiyar dene key liye lagbhag 150,000 shka hathiyaron kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa. 1935 key aspas, silin, serizin aur morozenko ney revolver design kaa upayog karke 6000 rpm 7.62 mimi vimaan machine gunn parr kaam kiya, jise sibemas (sibemas) kahaa jaataa haye, lekin pariyojana koo chhod diyaa gayaa.
1940 key dashak key madhya taka pahali vyaavhaarik aadhunik revolver tope kaa uday naheen huaa thaa. mool revolver tope mausar aim. key. 212 haye, jisase lagbhag sabhi vartamaan revolver topein praapt hoti hain. yuddh key turant baad key yug mein, mausar engineer germany seey fail gaye aur duniya bhar mein isi tarah key hathiyar vikasit kiye. british aur francisi donon ney kramshah addon aur defa key roop mein aim. key. 233 key 30 mimi sanskaranon kii ekmusht pratiyaan banaain. switzerland ney orlican kca kaa utpaadan kiya. americi aim39 tope ney 20 mimi sanskaran kaa upayog kiya, thodaa lamba 102 mimi cartridge key liye phir seey kaksh, joe kii 212 mimi key 82 mimi aur hispano-suiza hs.404 key 110 mimi key beach madhyavarti thaa. buniyaadi adan/defa hathiyaron kii kaee peedhiyaan aaee, joe 1970 key dashak mein kaafee hudd taka aparivartit raheen. usa samay key aspas, prastaavit naato 25 mimi kshamata maanak aur 27 mimi goal mausar key aadhar parr hathiyaron kii ack naee peedhi vikasit hui. ack pramukh udaaharan mausar bee. key-27 haye. 1980 key dashak mein, francisi ney giat 30 vikasit kiya, joe ack naee peedhi kii bijli seey chalane vaali revolver tope haye. reinmetal aar. aim. key. 30, gais koo peechhe kii or nikalkar, recoil koo samaapt karane key liye, giat pranali koo aur sanshodhit kartaa haye. vimaan-rodhi upayog key liye badey prayogaatmak hathiyar bhee vikasit kiye gaye hain, jaise kii anglo-swiss twin bairal lekin ekal kaksh 42 mimi orlican aarke 421 koo code naam "redd king" aur sambandhit ekal-bairal "redd queen" diyaa gayaa haye-joe sabhi vikas key dauran radd curr diye gaye they. sabse badee seva rhinemattle millennium 35 mimi nausena bandook pranali haye.
soviyat revolver tope paschimi topon kii tulanaa mein cumm aam haye, vishesh roop seey vimaanon parr. soviyat revolver-adharit machine gunn key liye ack tantra kaa 1944 mein patent kiya gayaa thaa. lagbhag agyaat richter aar-23 koo kewal kuchh tu-22 model key liye fitt kiya gayaa thaa, lekin baad mein tu-22 meater mein dou-bairal, gast gunn griyaazev-shipunov gsh-23 key paksh mein chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. richter aar-23 koo antariksh station solute 3 seey daage jaane kaa gaurav praapt haye. soviyat nausena ney ack revolver design, nn-30 koo bhee apanaaya haye, joe aamtaur parr eke-230 burj mein ack dohare mount mein hotaa haye.
leaver-action.
ack classic heinry-winchester prakaar key leaver-action agneyastra mein, kaartuson koo bairal key neeche ack tubeler patrika mein ack saath load kiya jaataa haye. ack chhote boult koo ack dhuri vaale cocking leaver seey jodane key madhyam seey herfer kiya jaataa haye. ack baar bund honey key baad, ack over-center toggle kriya boult koo jagah-jagah bund karane mein madad karati haye aur hathiyar daage jaane parr galati seey breach koo khulane seey rokti haye. cocking leaver aksar trigger gaard key saath abhinn hotaa haye, aur sanchaalit honey parr manual roop seey neeche aur aage jhuk jaataa haye. ack interlock taba taka firing koo rokta haye jaba taka kii toggle poori tarah seey bund naa hoe jaae. prasiddh model 1873 winchester iss prakaar kaa anukaraniya haye. baad mein leaver-action design, jaise marlin leaver gunn aur johnn browning dwara winchester key liye design kiye gaye, toggle-link key bajaay ack yaa dou urdhvaadhar locking blocks kaa upayog karate hain. leaver-action rifle/shotgun bhee maujood hain joe ack boxes patrika seey feed karate hain, joe unhein nukili goliyon kaa upayog karane kii anumati detaa haye. kuchh praarambhik manual doharaane vaali pistaul (jaise.jee. jwalamukhiya pistaul) leaver-action key ack chhote sanskaran kaa bhee upayog karati haye.
swachaalit agneyastra parr leaver-action loading kaa ack udaaharan aim1895 coult-browning machine gunn haye. iss hathiyar key bairal key neeche ack jhoolata huaa leaver thaa joe bairal mein ack gais raktasraav seey sakriya thaa, jisase breach koo phir seey load karane key liye khola gayaa thaa. iss anoothe operation ney "aaloo khodane vaalaa" upnaam diyaa kyonki harr baar hathiyar seey golibari karane parr leaver jhoolata thaa.
pump-kriya.
ack pump-action agneyastra key saath, kaarravaai koo aage key chhor parr ack chala handguard koo peechhe aur aage kii or khiskakar sanchaalit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen ack kharch kiye gaye goal koo baahar nikaalane key liye linkage key madhyam seey boult mein herfer kiya jaataa haye, aur golaa-barud kaa ack nayaa goal nikalkar kaksh banaaya jaataa haye. pump-kriyaaen aamtaur parr shotgun seey judee hoti hain, lekin pump-kriya rifle kaa ack udaaharan remington model 7600 shrinkhala haye. pump action vaali rifles koo slide-action bhee kahaa jaataa haye. rifle kii yeh shally abhee bhee kuchh sthaaniya kaanoon pravartan shaakhaon mein ack rifle key roop mein lokpriya haye joe una adhikaariyon koo prashikshit karane mein aasaan haye joe pahale seey hii pump shotgun seey parichit hain.
boult-action.
boult-action agneyastron mein, boult koo seedhe ack boult handle (aamtaur parr daaeen or) koo pakadkar sanchaalit kiya jaataa haye taaki kharch kiye gaye cartridges key mamle koo nikala jaa sakey, kaksh mein nae round dhakelen aur hathaude/striker koo phir seey goli chalaane key liye hathiyar taiyar karane key liye reset karein.
adhikansh boult-action agneyastra ack ghoornan-boult ("modd-aur-kheenchane") design kaa upayog karate hain. jaba boult koo gunn bairal key breach chhor key khilaf bund kiya jaataa haye, tou ise baahar nikalane vaale lugg (aamtaur parr boult key sir parr) key madhyam seey receiver parr bund curr diyaa jaataa haye aur kabhi-kabhi boult handle dwara bhee sahaayata kii jaati haye joe ack nishan mein fitt baithata haye. boult koo kholane key liye, handle koo pahale oopar kii or ghumaaya jaanaa chaahiye, joe locking lugg koo unake sambandhit sockett seey baahar nikaal dega. yeh boult koo bhautik roop seey peechhe kii or kheenchane kii anumati detaa haye, jisase bairal breach khulati haye. boult parr ack extractor kinare parr hook karega aur kaksh mein shesh kissy bhee cartridge (yaa tou daage gaye yaa aprayukt) koo baahar nikaalega, jisase ise bandook seey baahar nikala jaa sakata haye. jaba boult koo poori tarah seey sabse adhik hathiyar vaali sthiti mein kheencha jaataa haye, tou hathauda/striker ack spring key khilaf load hoe jaayega aur khoj dwara funce jaayega, ack prakriya jise "cocking" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. usee samay, patrika apane sangraheet kaartuson kaa ack aur chakkar boult key sir key raaste mein uthaayegi, isaliye boult koo aage badhaane seey yeh nayaa chakkar kaksh mein dhakel diyaa jaayega. boult handle koo phir seey relocking key liye neeche kii or ghumaaya jaataa haye, bandook surakshit hoti haye aur ack aur golibari key liye taiyar hoti haye. mausar gevehar 98 rifle sabse prasiddh aur prabhaavshaali boult-action design haye, jisamen kaee samaan hathiyar hain joe isaki agrani design avadharana seey praapt hue hain, jaise kii carabiner 98 kurz (aksar kaar98 key yaa buss key98 key roop mein sankshipt), aim1903 springfield aur arisaka prakaar 38 rifle. russie mosin-nagent rifle, british lii-enfield aur norwey key cragg-jorgensen vaikalpik boult-action design key udaaharan hain.
ack aur bahut hii durlabh prakaar kaa boult-action strait-pull system haye, joe locking koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye jatil boult haid tantra kaa upayog kartaa haye. seedhe kheenchane vaale designs mein boult handle koo ghumaane kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye, jisase upayogkarta koo kriya koo raikhik roop seey chakrit karane kii anumati milati haye, jisase aavashyak andolanon koo chaar seey ghataakar kewal dou curr diyaa jaataa haye aur iss prakaar aag kii darr mein kaafee vriddhi hoti haye. iss tarah key agneyastron key udaharanon mein schmitt-rubin, maneliture aim1886/aim1888/aim1890/aim1895, aim1895 lii nevi, ross rifle, enschutz 1827 forter, blazer aar93/aar8 aur vee. key. aiss. shamil hain.
swatah load hoe rhaa haye.
swa-loading (yaa swachaalit loading) doharaae jaane vaale agneyastra pranodak dahan seey nikalane vaali kuchh atirikt oorjaa kaa upayog apani kriya koo chakrit karane aur upayogkarta koo apane haathon seey koee atirikt loading kaary karane kii aavashyakta key binaa, kaksh mein golaa-barud key baad key daur koo load karane kii suvidha key liye curr sakate hain. yeh iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii kyaa kaarravaai swachaalit roop seey loading aur ignition donon prakriyaon koo curr sakati haye, yaa kewal swachaalit roop seey golaa-barud koo load curr sakati haye, lekin hathaude/striker key manual actuation kii aavashyakta hoti haye, self-loading repeater koo "poori tarah seey swachaalit" aur "ardh-swachaalit" agneyastron mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye.
palatwar.
bloback operation mein, boult vaastav mein golibari key samay bund naheen hotaa haye. hinsak vaapsee koo rokane key liye, iss tantra kaa upayog karane vaale adhikansh agneyastron mein boult key khulane mein kissy tarah seey deree hoti haye. kaee chhoti baahon mein, goal daage jaate hain jabaki boult abhee bhee aage kii yatra curr rhaa hotaa haye, aur boult taba taka naheen khulata jaba taka kii iss aage kii gati koo door naheen kiya jaataa haye. anya vidhiyon mein udghaatan mein deree karna shamil haye jaba taka kii dou rollers koo receiver mein avkash mein vaapas majboor naheen kiya jaataa haye jisamen boult leey jaaya jaataa haye. saral prahaar kriya saral aur nirmaan key liye sastee haye, lekin yeh niyantrit karane kii shakti mein seemit haye, isaliye yeh machine pistaul aur upa-machine bandookon jaise chhote kshamata vaale hathiyaron parr dekhaa jaataa haye. leaver-vilambit jhataka, jaisa kii udaaharan key liye dekhaa gayaa haye kii francisi femas assault rifle, adhik shaktishali kaartuson koo bhee sambhal sakati haye, lekin iska nirmaan adhik jatil aur mahanga haye.
aage kii or udaayen.
blow-forward agneyastron mein ack nishchit breach faces key saath ack frame shamil hotaa haye aur operation key chakr key dauran bairal breach (frame) seey door chalaa jaataa haye, isake vipareet, bloback agneyastron mein, jisamen frame bairal seey judaa hotaa haye aur breach faces frame key sambandh mein chalata haye. breach faces chalati slide yaa boult kaa ack hissa haye, joe bloback agneyastra key leout parr nirbhar kartaa haye. golibari key dauran, goli kaa gharshan bairal key neeche kii or jaataa haye aur boor kaa dabaav bairal koo aage kheenchata haye. iss tantra mein cumm seey cumm chalane vaale bhaag hotey hain (bairal aur spring aam taur parr ekmatra chalane vaale bhaag hotey hain) aur samaan bairal lambai key anya sanchaalan tantra kii tulanaa mein adhik compact hotaa haye. haalaanki, peechhe kii or chalane vaale bhaagon key cumm dravyamaan key saath-saath aage kii or jaane vaale bhaagon (bairal plus bullet aur pranodak gais) key badhate dravyamaan key kaaran, anya sanchaalan tantron kii tulanaa mein punarkalpan oorjaa kaafee adhik haye. adhikansh aage kii or chalane vaali bandooken aanshik roop seey bairal kii jadata parr nirbhar karati hain kyonki baaki agneyastra isase door hoe jaate hain.
pahala aage kii or prahaar karane vaalaa agneyastra maneliture aim1894 pistaul thaa aur isake neeche sanrakshit thaa. iss siddhant kaa upayog kuchh anya hathiyaron mein kiya gayaa haye, jinamen schwarzlos model 1908, hino komuro aim1908, hiv vee. aiss. key., aim. key. 20 modd 0 grenade lancher, painkar jackhammer aur haavaa type 96 shamil hain.
punah sanchaalit.
ack recoil-sanchaalit agneyastra mein, breach koo bund curr diyaa jaataa haye, aur bairal firing chakr key hisse key roop mein recoil kartaa haye. lambe samay taka chalane vaali kriyaon mein, jaise kii browning auto-5 shotgun, bairal aur breachblock poori vaapsee yatra key liye bund rahate hain, aur vaapsee parr alag hotey hain; chhote-recoll kriyaon mein, adhikansh ardh-swachaalit handgun (jaise.jee. coult aim1911), bairal breachblock seey alag honey seey pahale kewal thodi doori parr vaapas aataa haye.
gais sanchaalit.
gais-sanchaalit tantra mein, bairal seey goli koo aage badhaane vaali gasses key ack hisse koo nikala jaataa haye aur ack piston koo sanchaalit karane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. iss piston kii gati badale mein boult koo kholati haye aur sanchaalit karati haye, joe kharch kiye gaye cartridge koo nikaalati haye aur spring action key madhyam seey agale daur koo taiyar karati haye. lagbhag sabhi aadhunik sainya raifalen iss prakaar key tantra kaa upayog karati hain.
rotary-bairal.
rotary-bairal agneyastra (yaa sankshep mein "rotary gunn") ack ghoornan assembly mein kaee paraxial bairal kaa upayog karate hain, jisamen pratyek bairal ack nirdisht sthiti mein ghumaane parr swachaalit roop seey golibari kartaa haye, taaki bairal rotation kii gati key samanupati aag kii darr praapt kii jaa sakey. rotary bandooken aam taur parr belt-feed hoti hain, halanki pahale key sanskaranon mein sheersh-mounted boxes patrikaon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. pratyek bairal koo ack cam-sanchaalit parasparik kriya key saath jodaa jaataa haye, isaliye pratyek bairal-action samooh takniki roop seey ack swatantra "repeater" ikai haye jisaki sanchaalan sthiti assembly key bheetar isaki ghoornan sthiti key anuroop hoti haye, aur kissy bhee samay sabhi samooh ack dusare key liye sanchaalan chakr key vibhinn charanon mein hotey hain. atyadhik teji seey golibari (ack hii kshamata key ekal-bairal swachaalit hathiyaron kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik) koo sahan karane kii unaki kshamata key kaaran, rotary bandookon kaa upayog aksar daman aur kshetra incar key liye pratyaksh santripti aag dene key liye kiya jaataa haye. praarambhik rotary bandooken haath seey sanchaalit hoti hain, aur halanki usa samay kaafee safal theen, 20 veen shatabdi key anta seey pahale yuddh key maidan seey badey paimaane parr naee aur adhik vishvasaniya machine gunn jaise kii maxim gunn dwara pratisthaapit kii gaee thee, lekin sheet yuddh key dauran swachaalit rotary topon key roop mein vaapsee kii.
inn vidyut/jall-chaalit bahu-bairal bandookon key punrutthan kaa ack mukhya kaaran aag kii nirantar uchch daron key liye pranali kii antarnihit sahishnuta haye. udaaharan key liye, ack paaramparik ekal-bairal hathiyar seey prati minut 1000 round kii nirantar golibari key parinamswarup aamtaur parr teji seey bairal adhik germ hoe jaataa haye aur isake baad adhik germ honey key kaaran bhee kaarravaai rook jaati haye; isake vipareet, ack paanch-bairal vaali rotary gunn joe 1000 round prati minut kii golibari karati haye, pratyek bairal key liye kewal 200 round prati minut taka chalati haye. doosara kaarak yeh haye kii jabaki ekal-bairal design uchch saikil darr praapt curr sakate hain, pratyek loading-nishkarshan chakr kewal "usake baad" shuru hoe sakata haye "pichla chakr bhautik roop seey puuraa hoe gayaa haye, yaa anyatha pranali yaantrik roop seey jaam hoe jaayegi, aur iss tarah kii kharabi kaa jokhim teji seey badhati saikil darr key saath teji seey badhata haye; ack bahu-bairal design halanki kaee bairal-action samoohon koo overlap, alag-alag samay parr chakron mein ack saath kaam karane kii anumati detaa haye, iss prakaar pratyek kaarravaai key parichaalan tanaav koo ack poore bairal aavartan kii avadhi mein failata haye (joe ack hii firing darr key saath ekal-bairal swachaalit agneyastra key chakr samay seey kaee gunaa adhik haye). design doshpurna golaa-barud kii samasya koo bhee hull kartaa haye, joe ack vishisht ekal-bairal machine gunn key sanchaalan koo bund curr sakata haye jaba ack cartridge load karane, fayer karane yaa baahar nikalane mein whiffle rahata haye; kyonki ack rotary gunn aamtaur parr ack baahari shakti srot dwara sanchaalit hoti haye, bairal rotation swatantra roop seey jaari rahega, kissy bhee doshpurna round koo operation chakr key hisse key roop mein alag seey baahar nikaalata haye, aur firing kewal usa gair-firing bairal key liye ack sankshipt viram kaa anubhav karegi anya bairal key saath samanya golibari koo phir seey shuru karane seey pahale.
manual.
sabse pahala rotary-bairal agneyastra gattling bandook haye, jiska aavishkaar 1861 mein richard jorden gattling dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur 4 navambar 1862 koo patent kiya gayaa thaa. gattling bandook ack haath-crank tantra dwara sanchaalit hoti haye, jisamen chhah bairal ack kendriya shaft key chaaron or ghoomate hain (halanki kuchh models mein duss taka they). pratyek bairal lagbhag usee 4 baje kii sthiti mein prati chakkar mein ack baar fayer kartaa haye. bairal, ack vaahak aur ack taalaa cylinder alag they aur sabhi ack thhos plate parr lagaae gaye they, ack aaytaakaar nishchit frame parr lagaae gaye they. haath seey crank koo ghumaate hue shaft koo ghumaaya. vaahak koo naali seey dhakaa gayaa thaa aur taalaa cylinder koo bairal key anuroop chhed key saath drill kiya gayaa thaa. sheersh parr ack hopper jaisi patrika mein rakhe gaye kartus, vyaktigat roop seey vaahak key khaanche mein gir jaate hain. taalaa ack saath cam dwara aage badhane aur cartridge koo load karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa, aur jaba cam apane uchchatam bindu parr thaa, tou cocking ring ney taalaa koo mukt curr diyaa aur cartridge koo fayer curr diyaa. goli chalaane key baad cam kii nirantar kaarravaai ney apane saath kharch kiye gaye aavaran koo laane vaale taale koo peechhe kheench liya joe phir jameen parr gir gayaa.
gattling bandook kaa upayog pahali baar americi grih yuddh key dauran ladaai mein kiya gayaa thaa. baarah bandooken sangh senaa key commanders dwara vyaktigat roop seey kharidi gaee theen aur pietersberg kii gherabandi (juuna 1864-aprail 1865) key dauran khaai mein upayog kii gaeen. gunboat parr aathh anya gattling bandooken lagaai gaee theen. 1866 taka senaa dwara bandook koo sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa thaa, jaba vinirmaan company key ack bikri pratinidhi ney ise yuddh mein pradarshit kiya thaa. 17 julaai 1863 koo, newyork key bhrashtachar-rodhi dangaaiyon koo daraane key liye kathit taur parr gattling bandookon kaa istemal kiya gayaa thaa. grihyuddh key baad, pitsburg railway dangon mein hadtaal karane vaalon key khilaf upayog karane key liye philadelphia seey ack pensylvania rashtriya rakshak ikai dwara dou gattling bandooken laaee gaeen. americi bhaaratiya yuddhon key dauran, gattling bandookon mein aksar seva dekhi gaee, halanki prasiddh roop seey chhote bighorn kii ladaai mein upayog kiya gayaa thaa jaba general. george armstrong custer ney apane mukhya bull key saath kissy koo bhee naheen laane kaa faisala kiya. 1885 mein, leftinent arther ell. connecticut national gaard key haward luis reel key uttar-paschim vidroh key dauran mattis vidrohiyon key khilaf kanadai senaa key saath upayog karane key liye vyaktigat roop seey swaamitva vaali gattling bandook koo saskatchen, kanada leey gaye.
yuu dwara gattling bandookon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa.aiss. spanish-americi yuddh aur phillippeans-americi yuddh donon key dauran senaa. . 30 senaa mein coult-nirmit model 1895 kii duss-bairal gattling bandookon kii chaar-bandookon vaali battery koo leftinent key netritva mein ack alag tukadi mein banaaya gayaa thaa. johnn "gattling gunn" parker. saine juan pahaadi kii ladaai mein americi balon kii pragati kaa samarthan karate hue yeh tukadi bahut prabhaavi saabit hui. spanish rakshakon key khilaf badee safalata key saath ghumakkad chadhaav key saath teen gattling kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. isake bavjood, gattling key vajan aur bojhil topkhaane kii gaadi ney kathin bhoomi parr paidal senaa key saath baney rahane kii isaki kshamata koo baadhit kiya, vishesh roop seey cuba aur phillippeans mein, jahaan pramukh shaharon key baahar bhaari pattedaar jangal aur khadee pahaadi sadaken theen, aur sadaken aksar jangal key footpath seey thodi adhik theen.
anya jagahon parr, aprail 1867 mein mantri domingo aff dwara argentine kii senaa key liye ack gattling bandook kharidi gaee thee. rashtrapati bartolom mitra key nirdesh parr sermiento. peruvian nausena key kaptan luis germain estate disambar 1879 mein sanyukt raajya america seey prashant key peru-chilly yuddh key dauran upayog key liye darjanon gattling bandooken apane saath leey gaye, vishesh roop seey taikna kii ladaai (maee 1880) aur saine juan kii ladaai (janwari 1881) mein. gattling bandook kaa upayog sabse safaltapurvak africa mein europeeya aupaniveshik samrajyon kaa vistaar karane key liye swadeshi yoddhaon (jaise kii.jee. zulu, beduin aur mahadist). shaahi roose ney turkman ghudsavaar senaa aur madhya asia key anya khanabadoshon key khilaf 400 gattling bandooken khareedin. british senaa ney pahali baar anglo-ashanti yuddhon key dauran aur 1879 key anglo-zulu yuddh key baad key karyon key dauran vyaapak roop seey 1873-74 mein gattling bandook tainaat kii. shaahi nausena ney 1882 key anglo-misra yuddh key dauran gattling bandookon kaa upayog kiya.
swachaalit.
mool gattling bandook koo naee recoil/gais-sanchaalit machine gunn dwara seva mein pratisthaapit kiye jaane key baad, kaee dashakon taka kaee ghoornan bairal kaa upayog karane kaa drishtikon anupayukt hoe gayaa. haalaanki, kuchh prototype antar-yuddh varshon key dauran vikasit kiye gaye they, lekin shayed hii kabhi upayog kiye gaye they. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, shaahi germany ney fokar-leimberger parr kaam kiya, ack baahari roop seey sanchaalit 12-bairal gattling bandook jise "nutcracker" upnaam diyaa gayaa thaa, joe prati minut 7,200 round seey adhik golibari curr sakati thee, halanki kaee logon ney ise atishayokti kaa aarop lagaaya. yuddh key dauran viphaltaon kaa kaaran german yuddhakaaleen golaa-barud kii kharaab gunavatta koo maanaa jaataa thaa, halanki 1950 key dashak key british prayogaatmak hathiyar mein jiss prakaar key breach kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, usamen samasyaaen theen. fokar ney sanyukt raajya america mein yuddh key baad apane kadam key baad iss prakaar key breach key saath prayog karna jaari rakhaa. americi sangrahalaya mein ack alag nakali prototype vikas kii iss rekha kii viphalata kii pushti kartaa haye.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, yuu.aiss. senaa kii vayu senaa ney nirdhaarit kiya kii teji seey chalane vaale dushman key jett vimaanon key khilaf atyadhik uchch darr kii golibari key saath ack behtar swachaalit tope kii aavashyakta thee. luftwafe" milligram 151 aur aim. key. 108 topon seey praapt anubhav kaa upayog karate hue, naee bandook key liye ack badey-kshamata vaale tope key gole koo vaanchhaniya maanaa gayaa. juuna 1946 mein, samanya vidyut company koo ack yuu seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. ack uchch-chhat vimaan bandook vikasit karane key liye sainya raksha anubandh, jise ge ney "project valkan" kahaa. poorv kaary parr shodh karate hue, ayudh engineeron ney 20veen shatabdi key anta seey praayogik vidyut-sanchaalit gattling hathiyaron koo yaad kiya. 1946 mein, ack sangrahalaya seey udhaar lii gaee 1903 kii gattling bandook kaa ack model ack vidyut motor key saath sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa aur pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa, joe kuchh samay key liye 5,000 round prati minut kii darr kaa prabandhan kartaa thaa. 1949 mein, jee. ee. ney apane sanshodhit gattling design key pahale model kaa pareekshan shuru kiya, jise abb "valkan gunn" kahaa jaataa haye. pahale prototype koo tii45 (model aeye) naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen chhah bairal seey lagbhag 2,500 round prati minut kii gati seey golaa-barud daaga gayaa thaa, aur 1950 mein ge ney duss praarambhik model aeye. 60 calle vitarit kiye. mulyankan key liye tii45 bandooken. teen anshank (. 60 caloritic) mein taintis model see tii 45 bandooken.20 mimi aur 27 mimi) 1952 mein atirikt pareekshan key liye vitarit kiye gaye they. vyaapak pareekshan key baad, tii171 20aim. aim. bandook koo aage key vikas key liye chunaa gayaa thaa, aur yuu dwara maankeekrit kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. senaa aur yuu.aiss. 1956 mein aim61 valkan bandook key roop mein vayu senaa.