
kazakhstan mein paramanu shakti

kazakhstan mein paramanu oorjaa kaa upayog kazakhstan key pahale paramanu oorjaa sanyantra, ektaau mein bn-350 fast-neutron reactor key saath shuru huaa, joe 1973 seey 1999 taka sanchaalit thaa, joe bn-600 reactor seey pahale ack soviyat yug kaa prototype nivesh thaa. taba seey, isane kewal chaar chhote shodh reactors kaa sanchaalan kiya haye aur paramanu bijli utpaadan kshamata naheen thee. kazakhstan euranium utpaadan matra key liye duniya kaa number ack desh haye, jiska upayog paramanu eendhan key liye kiya jaataa haye. 1997 taka pahunchane vaali vartamaan yojanaaen, ulken aur kurchatov shaharon key paas dou nae paramanu oorjaa sanyantron key nirmaan kaa purvanuman lagaati hain.
pahale paramanu reactor.
kazakhstan kaa pahala paramanu oorjaa reactor caspian samudra key tata parr ektaau mein mangisluck paramanu oorjaa sanyantra mein sodium-cooled bn-350 fast-neutron reactor thaa. nirmaan 1964 mein shuru huaa, jaba kazakhstan abhee bhee ussr kaa hissa thaa. iss sanyantra ney pahali baar 1973 mein 350 aim. doubleu. ee. key utpaadan key saath bijli kaa utpaadan kiya. isake alawa, bn-350 kaa upayog paramanu weapons karyakram key liye plutonium key utpaadan aur taaje paani kii aapoorti key liye vilavaneekaran key liye bhee kiya gayaa thaa. bn-350 bijli reactor key alawa, kazakhstan mein chaar shodh reactor hain, teen poorv semipalatinsk pareekshan sthal (eadbluesy 1, igr aur aarae) parr aur ack alaataau mein, almatti (wwr-key) kii poorv rajdhani key paas.
1991 mein soviyat sangh seey kazakhstan kii swatantrata kii ghoshana key baad, 1994 mein russie sangh koo sabhi paramanu hathiyar vaapas karke kshetra koo paramanu nirastreekaran curr diyaa gayaa thaa. reactor kaa mangisluck sanyantra kaa jivankal aadhikarik taur parr 1993 mein samaapt hoe gayaa thaa, aur juuna 1994 mein, eendhan khareedane key liye dhana kii kamee key kaaran reactor koo bund karane key liye majboor honah padaa thaa. 1995 taka, sanyantra key sanchaalan licenses kii avadhi samaapt hoe gaee thee. jaba plutonium-wahan parr kharch kiye gaye eendhan kaa utpaadan bund hoe gayaa, tou reactor sanchaalan antatah 1999 mein samaapt hoe gayaa.
kazakhstan ney lambe samay seey paramanu eendhan utpaadan key liye ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai haye. euranium kii khoj 1943 mein shuru hui. taba seey desh ney apani euranium khanan kshamataon kaa vistaar kiya haye aur 2011 mein duniya mein euranium kaa sabse badaa utpaadak bunn gayaa haye. kazakhstan seey niryaat kiya gayaa euranium duniya bhar key kaee deshon key paramanu reactors kii aapoorti kartaa haye.
nae reactors key liye yojanaaen.
nae paramanu reactors key nirmaan kii yojana 1997 taka vaapas pahunch gaee, bn-350 key antim bund seey pahale. 1998 mein kazakh sarkaar ney lake balkash key paas ack nae bijli reactor key nirmaan key apane iradon kii ghoshana kii, jise halanki agale varshon mein lagu naheen kiya gayaa thaa. 2006 key baad seey, nae reactors kii yojanaon parr roose key saath charcha kii gaee, aur reactors key nirmaan key liye ack samjhauta gyaapan parr 2014 mein russie paramanu nigam rosatom key saath hastakshar kiye gaye they. taba pahale reactor koo kurchatov key paas sthit honey kii ummeed thee.
2013 mein kazakhstan ney 2050 taka apane 97 pratishat jeevaashm eendhan bijli utpaadan koo cumm seey cumm 50 pratishat navikaraniya aur paramanu sroton mein sthanantarit karane key liye ack "harit arthavyavastha avadharana" koo apanaaya, aur 2060 taka poorna carbon tatasthata taka pahunch gayaa.
phir bhee, 2016 mein atirikt bijli kii "tatkaal aavashyakta kii kamee" key kaaran paramanu sanyantra kaa nirmaan abhee bhee sthagit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin sambhaavit oorjaa aavashyaktaon seey pataa chalata haye kii 2028 kii shuruat mein dakshini kshetra mein 1400 megawatt kii kamee thee.
2016 seey sarkaar key anurodh parr ack antarrashtriya paramanu oorjaa agency kii report mein ghoshana kii gaee kii "kazakhstan apane nagrik paramanu karyakram koo vikasit karna jaari rakhane key liye achchi sthiti mein haye. 2019 seey 2022 taka yojana mein teji aaee haye aur vibhinn deshon key kaee aapurtikartaon ney sanyantra nirmaan key liye prastaav prastut kiye hain. 2022 taka sarkaar chhah sambhaavit aapurtikartaon kaa mulyankan curr rahee theeh nuskell power (usa), us-japani consortium off geh, knnp (koria), cnnc (chean), rosatom (roose) aur adf (france). vartamaan sarkaar kii yojana mein balkash jheel key paas ulken mein 1200 megawatt key saath pahale sanyantra key nirmaan kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa haye, aur 2 × 300 megawatt key saath kurchatov mein dusare sanyantra kaa nirmaan kiya jaayega. 2035 taka kazakhstan 2.4 gigawatt paramanu oorjaa kshamata rakhna chaahata haye.