
westminster

westminster landan mein westminster shahar kaa ack kshetra haye. yeh themus nadee seey oxford street taka faila huaa haye, aur isamen kaee prasiddh sthal hain, jinamen westminster kaa mahal, buckingham palace, westminster abby, westminster cathedral, trafalgar squire aur west aind theatre key manoranjan parisar sahit west aind saanskritik kendra kaa adhikansh hissa shamil haye.
naam () landan shahar key paschim mein abby church aur sent peater (westminster abby) key shaahi vishishtata key anaupchaarik vivaran seey utpann huaa (angreji sudhaar taka landan key poorv chhor mein landan key tower key paas ack eastminster bhee thaa). mathh kii utpatti 7veen aur 10veen shatabdi key beach kii haye, lekin 11veen shatabdi mein edward dwara phir seey banaae jaane parr yeh rashtriya pramukhta taka badh gayaa. westminster lagbhag 1200 seey ingland kii sarkaar kaa ghar rhaa haye, aur 1707 seey united kingdam kii sarkaar. 1539 mein yeh ack shahar bunn gayaa.
westminster kaa upayog aksar westminster key mahal mein united kingdam kii sansad koo sandarbhit karane key liye ack upnaam key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
bhugol.
bhautik bhugol.
westminster aur anya aitihaasik westminster prashaasnik ikaaiyon kii swatantrata (westminster key vyaapak aadhunik shahar koo chhodkar, joe 1965 mein banaaya gayaa ack landan baro haye) nadee themus seey shahar seey paschimi ingland taka purani roman sadak taka faili hui haye, jise abb sthaaniya roop seey oxford street kahaa jaataa haye.
thorney dweep them key saath apane sangam parr poorv nadee tybern kii bhujaaon key beach sthit thaa, jabaki chelsia key saath paschimi seema isi tarah khoye hue nadee westbourne dwara banaai gaee thee. nadee kii rekha abhee bhee (bahut mamuli sanshodhanon key saath) aadhunik baro kii seemaon koo kensington aur chelsey key shaahi baro key saath banaati haye.
aage uttar mein, nadee key muhaane seey door, westminster mein westbourne key donon taraf kii bhoomi shamil thee, vishesh roop seey nightbridge (sarpakar jheel key paschim mein hyde park key hisson (mool roop seey nadee parr baandh lagaane seey banaa) aur adhikansh kensington udyaan).
sthaaniya.
westminster mein soho, sent james, mayfair, covent garden, pimlico, victoria, belgravia aur nightsbridge (padosi kensington key saath saajha) key upa-jile shamil hain.
westminster kaa poorv shahar 1965 mein paddington aur marylebone key padosi baro key saath vilay hoe gayaa aur ack badaa aadhunik baro banaa. yeye padosi kshetra (kensington udyaan key hisse mein paddington key ack chhote seey kshetra koo chhodkar), oxford street key uttar mein sthit hain aur isaki paschim kii or nirantarta, bewater road haye.
khuli jagahen.
jile key khule sthaanon mein shamil hainh
utpatti aur prashaasan.
kshetra kaa vikas westminster mathh kii sthaapana key saath ack site parr shuru huaa jise taba thorney dweep kahaa jaataa thaa. iss sthal koo praakritik ford key kaaran chunaa gayaa hoga, jisake baare mein maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh aspas key them mein watling street koo leey gayaa thaa. church key sandarbh mein vyaapak jile koo westminster key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa.
pauranik mool.
pauranik utpatti yeh haye kii 7veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, adric (yaa aldrich) naamak ack sthaaniya machuara them key oopar seey thorney dweep taka fatey hue videshi kapadon mein ack ajnabi koo leey gayaa. yeh sent peater kaa ack chamatkaarik roop thaa, joe swayam ack machuara thaa, joe nava-nirmit church koo pavitra karane key liye dweep parr aaya thaa, joe baad mein westminster mathh mein vikasit huaa. jaba unhone apana jaal giraaya tou unhone adric koo ack bharpur catch seey puraskrit kiya. adric koo raajaa aur sant koo prastut karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa. melitus, landan key bishap, ack salmon aur vibhinn pramanon key saath kii abhishek pahale hii hoe chuka thaa. harr saal 29 juuna, sent peater divas parr, machhali pakadane vaalon kii poojaniya company iss ghatana kii yaad mein mathh koo ack salmon key saath prastut karati haye.
mool abhilikhit.
785 kaa ack charter, sambhavatah ack jalsaji, "bhagwan key jaruratmand logon koo thorney mein, bhayaanak sthaan mein, jise westminster kahaa jaataa haye, bhoomi pradaan kartaa haye. paath ack pahale seey maujood mathwasi samudaay kaa sujhaav detaa haye jisane ack bahut hii chunautipurna sthaan parr rehna chunaa.
mathh kii abhilikhit utpatti (cumm mahatvapurna dhaarmik sthal key bajaay) 960 key dashak yaa 970 key dashak kii shuruat mein hui, jaba sant dunstan aur raajaa edger ney iss sthal parr paropkari bhikshuon kaa ack samudaay sthaapit kiya.
1042 aur 1052 key beach, raajaa edward ney khud koo ack shaahi dafan church pradaan karane key liye sent peater key mathh kaa punarnirmaan shuru kiya. yeh ingland mein pahala church thaa jise roman shally mein banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh imarat 1060 key aspas poori hui thee aur 5 janwari 1066 koo edward kii mrityu seey kewal ack saptah pahale 28 disambar 1065 koo pavitra kii gaee thee. ack saptah baad, unhein church mein dafnaya gayaa thaa; aur, nau saal baad, unaki patni edith koo unake saath dafnaya gayaa thaa. unake uttaradhikari, harold dwiteeya, koo shayed mathh mein taaj pahanaaya gayaa thaa, halanki usee varsh baad mein vijeta villium kaa pahala pralekhit rajyabhishek huaa thaa.
edward key mathh kaa ekmatra maujooda chitran, westminster key aasann mahal key saath, bayox tapestry mein haye. mathh key shayankaksh key kuchh nichale hisse, dakshin bhaag kaa ack vistaar, mahaan vidyalaya key samanya undercroft mein jeevit rahata haye, jisamen ack darwaja bhee shamil haye joe pichhale saxon mathh seey aaya thaa. badhee hui daan ney ack aise samudaay kaa samarthan kiya joe dunstan kii mool neenv mein ack darjan bhikshuon seey badhkar adhikatam lagbhag assie bhikshuon taka hoe gayaa.
sthaaniya sarkaar.
westminster sent margaret kaa parrish.
westminster key adhikansh pairishon kii utpatti sent margaret key parrish kii betty parrish key roop mein hui, shahar mein aur westminster, midlex kii swatantrata. isake apavaad sent clement daine, sent mairi leey strand aur sambhavatah kuchh anya chhote kshetra they.
pracheen parrish sent margaret thaa; 1727 key baad yeh 'sent margaret aur sent johnn' kaa nagrik parrish bunn gayaa, baad vaalaa badhati aabaadi key liye ack nayaa church aavashyak thaa. westminster abby key aspas key kshetra ney sent peater key collegiate church key atirikt-sankeern nikat kaa gathan kiya. kaee badey pairishon kii tarah, westminster koo chhoti ikaaiyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa jinhen "hamlet" kahaa jaataa thaa (jiska arth haye ack chhote seey gaanv key bajaay ack kshetriya upa-prabhaag). yeye baad mein swatantra betty parish bunn gaye.
1900 taka sthaaniya pradhikaran sent margaret aur sent johnn (1855 seey 1887 taka westminster district board off works key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) kaa sanyukt vastra thaa, joe 1883 seey caxton street mein westminster town holl mein sthit thaa.
westminster kaa shahar aur swatantrata.
westminster kii swatantrata, joe westminster court off bergeses dwara shaasit thee, mein sent martin bhee shamil they joe kheton mein aur kaee anya parrish aur sthaanon mein they. westminster key apane timahi satra they, lekin madhya-madhya satron kaa bhee adhikaar kshetra thaa.
westminster kaa mahanagariya kshetra.
1889 mein sthaaniya sarkaar key sudhaaron key tahat, yeh kshetra landan key nava nirmit county key bheetar aaa gayaa, aur 1900 mein westminster kii sthaaniya sarkaar mein aur sudhaar kiya gayaa, jaba berges aur parrish westries key darbar koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa, aur westminster key mahanagariya baro dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. baro koo usee samay shahar kaa darja diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase ise westminster shahar aur isaki parishad koo westminster shahar parishad key roop mein jaanaa jaa sakaa.
westminster kaa shahar aur swatantrata aur westminster kaa mahanagariya kshetra kaafee hudd taka samaan they, joe oxford street key dakshin mein westminster key vyaapak aadhunik shahar key hisson aur isake nirantar hyde park sthaan koo cover karate they. apavaad yeh haye kii usa sadak key dakshin mein kensington udyaan kaa hissa paddington kaa hissa haye.
1965 mein westminster kaa sent marylebone aur paddington key saath vilay hoe gayaa, lekin sanyukt kshetra koo westminster key sheershak shahar koo banaae rakhane kii anumati dee gaee.
itihas.
"westminster key liye sadak naam vyutpatti kii soochi key liye westminster key sadak naam dekhein"
shaahi seat.
poorv thorney dweep, westminster abby kaa sthal, westminster kaa aitihaasik kendra banaa. yeh mathh harold godwinson (1066) key baad seey ingland key raajaon aur raniyon key rajyabhishek kaa paaramparik sthal bunn gayaa.
lagbhag 1200 seey abby key paas westminster kaa mahal, pramukh shaahi nivaas bunn gayaa, joe winchester seey westminster koo shaahi khajaane aur vittiya record key hastaantaran dwara chihnit ack sankraman thaa. baad mein mahal mein vikaasheel sansad aur ingland kii kaanoon adaalaten theen. iss prakaar landan ney dou kendra bindu vikasit kieh landan shahar (vittiya/aarthik) aur westminster (raajneetik aur saanskritik).
samraton ney apane pramukh nivaas koo whitehall key mahal (1530-1698) mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, phir 1698 mein sent james key mahal mein, aur antatah 1762 key baad buckingham mahal aur anya mahalon mein. 19veen shatabdi key anta mein mukhya kaanoon adaalaten nyaay key shaahi darbaaron mein sthanantarit hoe gaeen.
madhyayugeen aur tudor.
unake liye ack seva kshetra key roop mein mahal aur mathh key aspas basti badhee. parrish church, sent margaret key westminster ney parrish key vyaapak samudaay kii seva kii; mahal aur mathh key sevakon key saath-saath graameen aabaadi aur shahar seey sadak parr vikasit honey vaale uchch sthiti vaale gharon seey judey logon ney bhee. yeh kshetra badaa hoe gayaa aur georgia kii avadhi mein shahari ribbon vikas key madhyam seey shahar key saath judaa huaa thaa.
16veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein heinry VIII key sudhaar ney mathh koo samaapt curr diyaa aur ack cathedral kii sthaapana kii-iss prakaar parrish koo ack "shahar" key roop mein sthaan diyaa gayaa, halanki yeh usa samay landan shahar aur southwark key baro key aakar kaa kewal ack ansh thaa.
vaastav mein, church kaa cathedral aur diocession kaa darja kewal 1539 seey 1556 taka hii rhaa, lekin "shahar" kaa darja madhya ling key bheetar kewal ack parrish key liye banaa rhaa. landan aur southwark shahar key matadhikar praapt honey key sadiyon baad, 1545 mein ack nae sansadiya kshetra key roop mein pahali baar isake dou sansad sadasya honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
badhate elizabethan shahar mein ack uchch sipahi, belif, shahar kaa clerk aur talabon kaa ack rakhwala thaa.
victorian vibhajan.
1889 mein westminster koo dikhaane vaale charles booth key garibi maanchitra mein kshetra key bheetar aasann sadakon mein rahane vaali aaya aur rajdhani-backett kii poori shrinkhala darj kii gaee thee; iska madhya paschimi kshetra (1850 taka) nadee key tybern key dakshini baadh-channel ghaati mein shaitan kaa ekad bunn gayaa thaa, phir bhee victoria street aur anya chhoti sadakon aur chaurahon mein landan mein samajik varg kaa uchchatam rung thaah peela/sonaa. westminster ney iss jhuggi basti kii nikasi aur jall nikasi mein sudhaar key saath ghor garibi koo cumm curr diyaa haye, lekin iss kshetra key bheetar ack vishisht kendriya landan sampatti kaa antar haye joe bahut teevra haye, joe 21veen shatabdi key bhavya vikas, vaastushilp uchch-bindu soochibaddh imaraton aur paropkari george peabody dwara sthaapit peabody trust kii aas-paas kii samajik awas (jyaadaatar gair-parishad awas) imaraton kaa prateek haye.
naam kaa vyaapak upayog.
sadiyon seey angreji aur british saarvajanik jeevan mein westminster parr dhyaan kendrit karane key kaaran, "westminster" naam kaa upayog aam taur parr yuke sansad aur aam taur parr united kingdam key raajneetik samudaay key liye ack upnaam key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. (sivil seva koo isi tarah uttari upa-padosi key naam kaa upayog karate hue sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen yeh rahata haye, "whitehall".) "westminster" kaa upayog parinamswarup westminster pranali key sandarbh mein bhee kiya jaataa haye, loktaantrik sarkaar kaa sansadiya model joe sanyukt raajya mein aur una anya deshon key liye vikasit huaa haye, vishesh roop seey rashtramandal rashtron mein aur poorv british samrajya key anya hisson key liye jisane ise apanaaya thaa.
westminster gaanv" shabd, joe kabhi-kabhi british rajneeti key sandarbh mein upayog kiya jaataa haye, kissy bhaugolik kshetra koo bilkul bhee sandarbhit naheen kartaa haye; vishesh roop seey "westminster gaanv gupshup" vakyansh mein niyojit, yeh sansad key sadasyon, raajneetik patrakaron, tathaakathit spin-doctors aur anya logon key kathit roop seey karibi samajik vritt koo darshaata haye joe westminster key mahal aur sarkari mantralayon mein ghatnaaon seey judey hotey hain.
arthavyavastha.
iss kshetra mein paryaapt aavaasiya aabaadi haye. 20veen shatabdi taka westminster ney ameer nivaasiyon key saath aavaasiya apartment kii badhati sankhya dekhi. buckingham palace key paas hotal, badey victorian ghar aur bairak maujood hain.
uchch aayog.
westminster kaee rashtramandal deshon key uchch aayogon kii mejbani kartaa haih
shiksha.
kshetra key bheetar westminster school haye, ack pramukh saarvajanik school joe abby seey baahar nikla, aur westminster vishvavidyalaya, jisamen 20,000 seey adhik chhaatr bhaag lete they.

