
jodee-sthirata supernova

ack jodee-sthirata supernova ack prakaar kaa supernova haye joe taba honey kii bhavishyavani kii jaati haye jaba jodee utpaadan, paramanu naabhik aur urjaavaan gaama kiranon key beach takkar mein mukt electrons aur positron kaa utpaadan, gurutvaakarshan patan key khilaf ack vishalkay taare key core kaa samarthan karane vaale aantarik vikiran dabaav koo asthaayi roop seey cumm curr detaa haye. yeh dabaav girawat aanshik patan kii or leey jaati haye, joe badale mein ack bhaage hue thermonuclear visfot mein bahut tej jalane kaa kaaran banati haye, jisake parinamswarup taaraa ack taarakiya avashesh koo peechhe chhode binaa poori tarah seey uda jaataa haye.
jodee-sthirata supernova kewal lagbhag 130 seey 250 saur dravyamaan aur cumm seey madhyam dhatuta (hydrogen aur helium key alawa anya tatvon kii cumm prachurta-jansankhya mein ack samanya sthiti) vaale sitaaron mein hoe sakata haye.
bhautik vigyaan.
photon utsarjan.
taapiya santulan mein ack shareer dwara diye gaye photon mein ack black-boddy spectrum hotaa haye joe tapman kii chauthi shakti key samanupati oorjaa ghanatva key saath hotaa haye, jaisa kii stephen-boltzman niyam dwara varnit haye. wean kaa niyam bataata haye kii ack kaale padaarth seey adhikatam utsarjan kii tarang dairdhya isake tapman key vipareet aanupaatik haye. samatulya roop seey, charam utsarjan kii aavritti aur oorjaa, tapman key seedhe aanupaatik haye.
taaron mein photon dabaav.
bahut badey, germ sitaaron mein, aantarik tapman lagbhag () seey oopar, taarakiya core mein utpaadit photon mukhya roop seey bahut uchch oorjaa-star kii gaama kiranon key roop mein hotey hain. inn gaama kiranon kaa dabaav joe mool seey baahar kii or bhaag rhaa haye, gurutvaakarshan key aantarik khinchaav key khilaf taare kii oopari paraton koo pakadane mein madad kartaa haye. yadi gaama kiranon kaa star (oorjaa ghanatva) cumm hoe jaataa haye, tou taare kii baahari paraten ander kii or girane lagengi.
paryaapt uchch oorjaa vaali gaama kiranen naabhik, electron yaa ack dusare key saath baatchit curr sakati hain. una antahkriyaon mein seey ack kanon key jode banaana haye, jaise kii electron-positron jode, aur yeye jode phir seey gaama kiranen banaane key liye ack dusare seey mill sakate hain aur ack dusare koo nasht curr sakate hain, sabhi albert einstein key dravyamaan-oorjaa samatulya sameekaran key anusaar. 
ack badey taarakiya core key bahut uchch ghanatva parr, jodee utpaadan aur vinash teji seey hotaa haye. gaama kiranen, electron aur positron samagr roop seey taapiya santulan mein rakhe jaate hain, yeh sunishchit karate hue kii taare kaa mool sthir rahey. yaadrichhik utaar-chadhaav seey, core kaa achaanak germ honah aur sampeedan itna urjaavaan gaama kiranen utpann curr sakata haye kii unhein electron-positron jode key himskhalan mein parivartit kiya jaa sakey. isase dabaav cumm hoe jaataa haye. jaba patan bund hoe jaataa haye, tou positron electrons koo paate hain aur gaama kiranon seey dabaav phir seey oopar chalaa jaataa haye. positron kii aabaadi nae gaama kiranon kaa ack sankshipt jalaashay pradaan karati haye kyonki failate hue supernova kaa mukhya dabaav girata haye.
jodee-sthirata.
jaise-jaise tapman aur gaama kiran oorjaa badhati haye, electron-positron jode banaane mein adhik seey adhik gaama kiran oorjaa avashoshit hoti haye. gaama kiran oorjaa ghanatva mein yeh kamee vikiran dabaav koo cumm karati haye joe gurutvaakarshan patan kaa pratirodh karati haye aur taare kii baahari paraton kaa samarthan karati haye. taaron kaa sankuchan, core koo sampeedit aur germ karna, jisase oorjaa utpaadan kii darr mein vriddhi hoti haye. yeh utpann honey vaali gaama kiranon kii oorjaa koo badhaata haye, jisase unake paraspar kriya karane kii sambhavana adhik hoe jaati haye, aur isaliye usa darr koo badhaata haye jiss parr oorjaa aage key jodee utpaadan mein avashoshit hoti haye. parinamswarup, taarakiya core ack bhaagati prakriya mein apana samarthan khou detaa haye, jisamen gaama kiranen badhati darr seey banaai jaati hain; lekin adhik seey adhik gaama kiranen electron-positron jode kaa utpaadan karane key liye avashoshit hoe jaati hain, aur electron-positron jode kaa vinash core key aage key sankuchan koo rokane key liye aparyaapt hotaa haye, jisake parinamswarup ack supernova hotaa haye.
taarakiya samvedansheelta.
ack taare key liye jodee-sthirata supernova seey gujarane key liye, gaama kiranon key takraav dwara positron/electron jode key badhate nirmaan seey baahari dabaav koo itna cumm karna chaahiye kii ander kii or gurutvaakarshan dabaav usey abhibhoot curr dey. uchch ghoornan gati aur/yaa dhatuta ise roque sakati haye. inn visheshtaon vaale taare abhee bhee apane baahari dabaav key roop mein sikudate hain, lekin apane dheeme yaa cumm dhaatu-samriddh chachere bhaaiyon key vipareet, yeye sitaare gurutvaakarshan patan koo rokane key liye paryaapt baahari dabaav daalate rahate hain.
0. 02 aur 0.001 key beach ack dhatuta vaale takraav vilay seey baney taare jodee-sthirata supernova key roop mein apane jeevan koo samaapt curr sakate hain yadi unakaa dravyamaan uchit seema mein haye.
bahut badey uchch-dhaatu taare shayed eddington seema key kaaran asthir hain, aur gathan prakriya key dauran dravyamaan koo cumm karane kii pravritti rakhate hain.
taarakiya vyavhaar.
kaee srot jodee-sthirata sthitiyon mein badey sitaaron key liye taarakiya vyavhaar kaa varnan karate hain.
100 saur dravyamaan seey cumm.
100 yaa usase cumm saur dravyamaan vaale sitaaron dwara utpaadit gaama kiranen electron-positron jode kaa utpaadan karane key liye paryaapt urjaavaan naheen hain. inmein seey kuchh taare apane jeevan key anta mein ack alag prakaar key supernova seey gujarenge, lekin karyakaran tantra mein jodee-sthirata shamil naheen haye.
100 seey 130 saur dravyamaan.
yeye taare electron-positivron jode banaane key liye paryaapt oorjaa key saath gaama kiranon kaa utpaadan karane key liye paryaapt badey hain, lekin isake parinamswarup prati-gurutvaakarshan dabaav mein shuddh kamee supernova key liye aavashyak core-overpressure kaa kaaran banane key liye aparyaapt haye. isake bajaay, jodee-nirmaan key kaaran honey vaalaa sankuchan taare key bheetar ushmiya gatividhi koo badhaata haye joe ander key dabaav koo peechhe hataata haye aur taare koo santulan mein lautaata haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii iss aakar key taare inn daalon kii ack shrinkhala seey gujarate hain jaba taka kii way 100 saur dravyamaan seey neeche girane key liye paryaapt dravyamaan naheen chhodate hain, jiss bindu parr way abb jodee-nirmaan kaa samarthan karane key liye paryaapt germ naheen hain. iss prakriti kii spandana 1843 mein etaa carrine dwara anubhav kii gaee chamak mein bhinnata key liye jimmedaar hoe sakati haye, halanki yeh vyakhya saarvbhaumik roop seey sweekaar naheen kii gaee haye.
130 seey 250 saur dravyamaan.
bahut uchch dravyamaan vaale sitaaron key liye, cumm seey cumm 130 dravyamaan aur shayed lagbhag 250 saur dravyamaan key saath, ack vaastavik jodee-sthirata supernova hoe sakata haye. inn sitaaron mein, pahali baar jaba paristhitiyaan jodee utpaadan asthirta kaa samarthan karati hain, sthiti niyantran seey baahar hoe jaati haye. patan taaron key mool koo kushalata seey sampeedit karane key liye aage badhata haye; adhik dabaav kaee sekand mein ise jalaane key liye bhaagne vaale paramanu sanlayan kii anumati dene key liye paryaapt haye, jisase ack thermonuclear visfot hotaa haye. taaron kii gurutvaakarshan bandhan oorjaa kii tulanaa mein adhik taapiya oorjaa key saath, yeh poori tarah seey baadhit haye; koee black holl yaa anya avashesh peechhe naheen bachaa haye. yeh taarakiya black holl key badey paimaane parr vitaran mein "dravyamaan antaral" mein yogdan karane kaa anuman haye. (iss "oopari dravyamaan antaral" koo kuchh saur dravyamanon kii seema mein ack sandigdh "nimn dravyamaan antaral" seey alag kiya jaanaa haye.)
tatkaal oorjaa kii rihaai key alawa, taare key mool kaa ack badaa hissa nickle-56 mein badal jaataa haye, ack radiodharmi samasthaanik joe 6.1 dinon key ardh-jeevan key saath cobalt-56 mein kshay hoe jaataa haye. cobalt-56 kaa ardh-jeevan 77 dinon kaa hotaa haye aur phir sthir samasthaanik iron-56 mein kshay hoe jaataa haye (supernova nucleosynthesis dekhein). hypernova aiss. aine. 2006jee. key liye, adhyayanon seey sanket milata haye kii mool taare key shayed 40 saur dravyamaan koo aine. aaee.-56 key roop mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa, joe taare key mool kshetron kaa lagbhag puuraa dravyamaan thaa. visfotit taramandal aur isase pahale nikalane vaali gais key beach takkar, aur radiodharmi kshay, adhikansh drishya prakaash koo chhodata haye.
250 saur dravyamaan yaa usase adhik.
ack alag pratikriya tantra, photodicintagration, cumm seey cumm 250 saur dravyamaan key sitaaron mein praarambhik jodee-sthirata patan kaa anusaran kartaa haye. yeh endothermic (oorjaa-avashoshit) pratikriya pahale key charanon seey atirikt oorjaa koo avashoshit karati haye, isase pahale kii bhaagate hue sanlayan ack hypernova visfot kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye; phir taaraa poori tarah seey ack black holl mein gir jaataa haye.
upasthiti.
chamak.
jodee-sthirata supernova koo lokpriya roop seey atyadhik chamakdaar maanaa jaataa haye. yeh kewal sabse badey poorvaj key liye mamla haye kyonki chamak radiodharmi 56nee key utsarjit dravyamaan parr dridhata seey nirbhar karati haye. unamen 1037 doubleu seey adhik kii charam roshni hoe sakati haye, joe prakaar aaee. aeye. supernova kii tulanaa mein adhik chamkili haye, lekin cumm dravyamaan parr shikhar roshni 1035 doubleu seey cumm hoti haye, joe vishisht prakaar II supernova seey tulaniya yaa cumm hoti haye.
spectrum.
jodee-sthirata supernova kaa varnakram poorvaj taare kii prakriti parr nirbhar kartaa haye. iss prakaar way prakaar II yaa prakaar ib/c supernova spectra key roop mein dikhaai dey sakate hain. ack mahatvapurna shesh hydrogen lifafe vaale poorvaj ack prakaar II supernova kaa utpaadan karenge, jinake paas koee hydrogen naheen haye lekin mahatvapurna helium ack prakaar kaa aaee. bee. kaa utpaadan karega, aur jinake paas koee hydrogen naheen haye aur vastutah koee helium naheen haye, way ack prakaar aaee. see. kaa utpaadan karenge.
prakaash vakr.
spectra key vipareet, prakaash vakr samanya prakaar key supernova seey kaafee alag hain. prakaash vakr atyadhik vistaarit hotey hain, jisamen shuruat key maheenon baad charam chamak hoti haye. yeh 56nee kii atyadhik matra key kaaran haye, aur prakaash kii drishti seey ghaney bahirgaman key kaaran, kyonki taaraa poori tarah seey baadhit haye.
shesh.
jodee-sthirata supernova poori tarah seey poorvaj taare koo nasht curr dete hain aur neutron taaraa yaa black holl koo peechhe naheen chhodate hain. taaron kaa puuraa dravyamaan baahar nikala jaataa haye, isaliye ack neeharik avashesh utpann hotaa haye aur bhaari tatvon key kaee saur dravyamaan antartarkiya antariksh mein baahar nikaale jaate hain.
jodee-sthirata supernova ummidwar.
jodee-sthirata supernova key roop mein vargeekaran key liye kuchh supernova ummidvaaron mein shamil hainh