bhavishya aur swatantrata

bhavishya aur swatantrata (), jiska puuraa naam bhavishya aur itali key liye swatantrata ("futuro ee liberta parr ll 'italia", jise flee key roop mein sankshipt kiya gayaa haye) thaa, itali mein ack raajneetik dall thaa, jisamen udaar aur rashtriya roodhivaadi donon tatva shamil they.
flee kaa gathan julaai 2010 mein gianfranco phini key anuyaayiyon dwara swatantrata key logon (pdl) seey alag honey key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, joe usa samay kii pramukh italvi kendra-dakshinpanthi party thee, jiska netritva sylvio berlusconi ney kiya thaa. finny, italvi samajik andolan (aim. aiss. aaee.) aur rashtriya gathbandhan (aeye. aine.) key poorv netaa aur 2009 mein pee. dee. ell. key saha-sansthaapak, ney ack udaar roodhivaadi banane key liye post-faasivaad seey ack lambi yatra kii thee. pee. dee. ell. kii sthaapana key turant baad, vaha berlusconi kii sarkaar aur netritva shally key aalochak banane lagey.
flee kaa mool hissa peedhi itali (jee. aaee.) dwara gathit kiya gayaa thaa, jiska netritva italo bochino ney kiya thaa, jinhen finny dwara party kaa upaadhyaksh bhee niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. kuchh ullekhaniya apvaadon key saath, flee sadasya jyaadaatar poorv aim. aiss. aaee./ack diggaj they.
itihas.
prishthabhoomi.
kuchh hudd taka aashcharyajanak roop seey, rashtriya-roodhivaadi rashtriya gathbandhan (aeye) key poorv netaa aur chamber off deputies key adhyaksh gianfranco phini, stame cell anusandhaan, jeevan key muddon key anta, agrim swaasthya dekhbhal nirdeshon aur aapravaasan parr apane pragatisheel vichaaron key kaaran party key samajik roop seey udaar wing key sabse prabhaavshaali pratinidhi bunn gaye. finny church aur raajya key algaav key siddhant key ack mukhar samarthak bhee they aur sylvio berlusconi aur desh aur party kii unaki netritva shally key mukhar aalochak bhee bunn gaye.
phini kii sthiti ney unhein ack key adhikansh poorv pramukh sadasyon (ignazio laa rusa, maurizio gaspari, giani alemno, alto matoli aur georgia meloni sahit) seey door curr diyaa joe isake bajaay berlusconi key karibi sahayogi bunn gaye.
iss beach, phini wafadaron kaa ack samooh, jise "finiani" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, apane netaa key samarthan mein senaa mein shamil honey lagaa. aprail 2010 mein italo bochino ney party key bheetar phini key vichaaron kaa behtar pratinidhitva karane aur ack alag party sangathan key liye jore dene key liye pdl naamak peedhi itali key bheetar ack sangh shuru kiya. phini ney berlusconi koo ack tarah kaa ultimatum diyaa aur sansad mein pee. dee. ell. seey alag samoohon key gathan kaa sanket diyaa. ack samay parr kuchh "finini" ney pee. dee. ell. key baahar ack naee party key gathan kaa prastaav bhee rakhaa. kuchh tanaavpurna dinon key baad yeh sambhavana saamane aaee kii phini aur unakaa samooh party mein ack alpasankhyak gutt key roop mein baney rahey honge. 22 aprail 2010 koo ack varsh mein pahali baar pee. dee. ell. kii rashtriya samiti rome mein bulaai gaee. phini aur berlusconi key beach sangharsh koo television dwara live cover kiya gayaa thaa. ack prastaav jisane phini key aacharan kii ninda kii aur party kii raajneetik line kii pushti kii, vidhansabha dwara bhaari antar seey anumodit kiya gayaa.
pee. dee. ell. seey vibhajit.
finny aur berlusconi key beach jhadapen aur bhee adhik baar hoti gaeen aur julaai 2010 key anta mein apani oonchaai parr pahunch gaeen, jaba finny ney jaanch key tahat kuchh pee. dee. ell. party key badey netaaon kii naitikta parr sawal uthaaya. 29 julaai 2010 koo pee. dee. ell. kii karyakari ney ack dastaavez jaari kiya (37 mein seey 33 sadasyon dwara matdan kiya gayaa) jisamen phini koo pee. dee. ell. kii raajneetik rekha key saath "asangat" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa aur vaha tatasth tareeke seey chamber off deputies key adhyaksh key roop mein apana kaam karane mein asamarth thaa. berlusconi ney phini koo apane pada seey hatane key liye kahaa aur karyakari ney teen "finini" kattarpanthi (italo bochino, fabio grenata aur carmello briglio) kii party sadasyata seey nilamban kaa prastaav rakhaa, jinhone berlusconi kii kadee aalochana kii thee aur party key kuchh sadasyon parr aaparaadhik apraadhon kaa aarop lagaaya thaa.
30 julaai koo, phini ney ack press conference kii, jisake dauran unhone chamber aur senate donon mein bhavishya aur itali key liye swatantrata (aff. ell. aaee.) key naam seey pee. dee. ell. seey alag samoohon key gathan kii ghoshana kii. unhone berlusconi kii sarkaar koo apane samooh key samarthan kii bhee pushti kii, jisamen mutthi bhar cabinet sadasya shamil they. shuruat seey hii 33 pratinidhi aur 10 senator nae sansadiya samoohon mein shamil hoe gaye. rashtriya gathbandhan seey utpann honey vaale pee. dee. ell. aim. pee. aiss. key kewal ack alpasankhyak ney apane poorv netaa phini kaa naee party mein anusaran kiya, lekin pratinidhiyon key kaksh mein santulan banaae rakhane key liye paryaapt thaa, isake alawa, pee. dee. ell. mein vilay seey pahale berlusconi kii party key poorv forza italia key kuchh sadasya bhee shamil hoe gaye (benedetto della vedova aur barbara kantini).
5 julaai koo, chamber ney giacomo calindo key nilamban parr matdan kiya, joe ack pee. dee. ell. senator they, joe jaanch key tahat they, unake nyaay key avar sachiv key pada seey. flee samooh ney kendra key sangh, itali key liye gathbandhan aur swaayatta key liye andolan key saath matdan seey door rahane kaa vikalp chunaa, jisase tathaakathit "jimmedaari kaa kshetra" banaa. prastaav koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin yeh berlusconi IV cabinet key liye ack jhataka thaa, jisane kewal flee key samarthan key madhyam seey apana bahumat banaae rakhaa.
calindo parr matdan key dauran, chiara moroni, joe pahale naee italvi samajwadi party aur forza italia kii ack samajik loktaantrik thee, ney ghoshana kii kii vaha phini key sangathan mein shamil honey key liye pdl samooh chhod rahee haye. tangentopoly" key dauran aatmahatya karane vaale samajwadi apane pitaa sergio moroni koo samarpit ack marmasparshi bhaashan mein, unhone samajhaaya kii vaha "guarantismo" (ack nishpaksh mukadame key adhikaar key sambandh mein upayog kiye jaane vaale "nagrik swatantrata key sanrakshan" key liye ack italvi shabd) key naam parr pdl chhod rahee theen. isake liye pee. dee. ell. mein varishth poorv samajvadiyon jaise fabrizio sichito aur margerita boniver ney unaki teekhi aalochana kii thee.
5 sitambar koo, ack maheene kii khamoshi key baad, phini ney mirabello mein "festa trickler" key dauran apane samarthakon koo ack bhaashan diyaa, joe puraane msi kii ack paaramparik raili thee aur baad mein, ack. usa bhaashan key dauran phini ney ghoshana kii kii pdl marr chuka thaa aur unakaa samooh pdl key gutt mein vaapas naheen aaya hoga, lekin unhone ack aadhikarik dall mein flee key parivartan key baare mein baat naheen kii. isake alawa, berlusconi kii bahut aalochana karane key bavjood, unhone sarkaar koo 2013 taka jaari rakhane key liye ack "vidhaayi samjhaute" kii peshkash kii. ack pratikriya key roop mein, berlusconi aur sarkaar mein unake kanishth bhagidar, umberto bossy ney chamber key adhyaksh key apane pada seey istifa dene key liye phini koo apane ahwan koo dohraya. baad mein, 8 sitambar koo, phini ney pee. dee. ell. samooh koo kaksh mein chhod diyaa aur sabhi uddeshyon aur uddeshyon key liye shamil hoe gayaa, aur iska 36vaan sadasya bunn gayaa.
naee party key liye raasta.
22 sitambar koo flee ney nikola cosentino parr ack gupt vishvaas mutt key dauran matdan seey parhej kiya, joe "camora" seey sambandhit apraadhon kii jaanch key tahat arthavyavastha key ack avar sachiv they. prastaav koo ummeed seey adhik badey bahumat seey khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jiska arth haye kuchh "finini" aur sambhavatah vipaksh key kuchh pratinidhiyon kii tulanaa mein.
24 sitambar koo sood sabai ney fully chhod diyaa aur pee. dee. ell. sansadiya samooh key gutt mein laut aae. haalaanki, usee dinn, giampero catone, ack poorv isai loktantravaadi, joe swaayatta key liye gianfranco rotondi key isai loktantra kii or seey pdl key saath chune gaye they, flee mein shamil hoe gaye.
29 sitambar koo flee ney pratinidhi mandal mein sarkaar key liye vishvaas mutt mein haan mein matdan kiya, lekin dou flee pratinidhiyon (mirco tremaglia aur fabio grenata) ney isake khilaf matdan kiya. usee dinn phini ney ack nae dall key aasann janm kii ghoshana kii.
2 navambar koo ack press conference key dauran party kaa logo prastut kiya gayaa thaa. dou aur pratinidhi party mein shamil honey key agale dinah roberto rosso, ack poorv isai loktaantrik joe peedmont mein forza italia key netaa they, aur daniel toto. sisili mein party ney pee. dee. ell.-sisili key avasheshon key saath senaa mein shamil hoe gaee aur adhyaksh raffle lombardo key samarthan mein kshetriya vidhansabha mein ack aathh-majboot samooh kaa gathan kiya.
7 navambar koo, basti ambra mein ack bheedbhaad vaale sammelan key dauran, phini ney berlusconi koo pradhaanmantri key apane pada seey hatane key liye kahaa aur kendra key sangh (udc) sahit ack naee sarkaar kaa prastaav rakhaa. phini ney yeh bhee ghoshana kii kii aggar berlusconi pada naheen chhodate hain, tou mantri aur avar-sachiv karyapalika chhod denge. jaba berlusconi ney aisaa karane seey incar curr diyaa, tou sarkaar key chaar sadasyon ney 15 navambar koo istifa dey diyaa.
14 disambar koo fly ney chamber off deputies mein vishvaas mutt mein sarkaar key khilaf matdan kiya, ack vote berlusconi dwara 314 seey 311 taka jeetaa gayaa. teen fly deputies (giampero catone, kaitia polydori aur maria grazia silikini) ney paksh mein matdan kiya (giuseppe angelli key saath, joe fly chhod curr navambar mein pee. dee. ell. mein laut aae they), jabaki ack anya, silvano mofaa, vote seey door rahey aur party chhodane kaa faisala kiya. baad mein, catone, polydori aur silikini ney bhee flee chhod diyaa.
15 disambar 2010 koo flee yuu. dee. see. aur kuchh chhote dalon key saath itali (aine. pee. aaee.) key liye nae poul key sansthaapak sadasya they.
party foundation aur dalbadal.
farwari 2011 mein milan mein ack congress key dauran aadhikarik taur parr ack party key roop mein flee kii sthaapana kii gaee thee aur gianfranco finny isake adhyaksh chune gaye they.
congress key dauran, kissy ney bhee phini key netritva parr sawal naheen uthaaya, lekin party "kattarpanthiyon" (italo bochino, benedetto della vedova, fabio grenata, carmello brigulio, flavia perina, aadi) key beach vibhajit thee.) aur "madhyasth" (adolfo urso, andrea ronchi, passquel vispoli, mario baldasari aur adhikansh senator), jinhone party netritva mein bochino key uday kaa kadaa virodh kiya. phini ney aakhirkaar bochino upaadhyaksh niyukt kiya, urso koo pravakta key roop mein downgrade kiya, ack aur "kattarpanthi", della vedova koo, upa-sadasyon key kaksh mein party key pramukh key roop mein niyukt kiya, jabaki vispoli, ack "madhyam", koo senate mein netaa key roop mein pushti kii gaee. isase "madhyam" logon mein akrosh paida huaa aur urso aur vispoli vishesh roop seey phini key vikalpon key liye aalochanatmak they.
15 farwari koo vispoli ney senate key sadan key netaa key pada seey istifa dey diyaa, lekin 10 flee senators dwara ack nae janadesh key saath turant phir seey chunaa gayaah samooh kii kendra-dakshin saakh sunishchit karna. 16 farwari koo senator giuseppe menardi ney party chhod dee. 17 farwari koo unake baad senator francesco pontone aur dipty roberto rosso aae, joe donon pdl mein laut aae. 19 farwari koo dipty luka beloti bhee pdl mein phir seey shamil honey key liye ravaana hoe gaye. 20 farwari koo yeh dipty luka barbareshi kii baari thee, joe pahale ack "kattarpanthi" they. 22 farwari koo passquel vispoli aur maurizio saiya, donon senators ney bhee party chhod dee aur senate samooh koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa. veespoli, menardi aur saiya, adriana polly borton (dakshin mein) jaise anya samaan vichardhara vaale senators key saath, rashtriya samanjasya naamak ack nayaa kendra-dakshinpanthi samooh banaaya aur bahumat key samooh mein laut aae. 16 farwari koo ack aur dipty, giulia kosenja, baahar chully gaeen aur pee. dee. ell. mein laut aaeen.
aprail 2011 mein sthaaniya chunaavon key dauran party ney adhik aantarik pareshaniyon kaa saamana kiya. party key kuchh pramukh sadasya party key rashtriya netritva dwara taya kii gaee kuchh ummidwari seey asahmat they, vishesh roop seey lattin aur naples mein. isake kaaran antatah mape anjo rivelini ney campania mein kshetriya netritva seey istifa dey diyaa aur party chhod dee. ack anya mape, potito salato, aur ack senator, candido dee angelis ney bhee apane netritva key padon koo chhod diyaa. iss beach party key "naram", urson aur ronchi ney apana gutt "faritalia" shuru kiya, joe kii pdl seey laker udc taka sabhi kendra-dakshinpanthi dalon key sadasyon key liye khula thaa. meey mein ronchi ney party kii rashtriya vidhansabha key adhyaksh seey istifa dey diyaa. juuna mein ronchi ney urso aur giuseppe scalia (flee key cicilian netaa) key saath party chhod dee.
30 disambar 2011 koo mirco tremaglia, italvi samajik ganarajya key ack anubhavi aur msi aur aine key itihas mein ack aitihaasik vyakti, kaa nidhan hoe gayaa.
vighatan.
farwari 2013 mein hue 2013 key aam chunaav mein, party ney yuu. dee. see. aur nagrik pasand key saath itali key liye monti key saath gathbandhan key hisse key roop mein bhaag liya aur kewal 0.40% vote praapt kiye, chamber mein koee seat naheen lauti aur senate mein ack, saath hii videshon mein italvi logon dwara dou nirvaachit. isake baad, phini ney party adhyaksh pada seey istifa dey diyaa. yeh bhee nirnay liya gayaa kii roberto menia key netritva mein, flee italvi adhikaar koo phir seey sanyojit karane key liye poorv key anya pankhon key saath phir seey juda jaayega. natijatan, party ney rome nagarpalika chunaav key dauran meyer key roop mein giani alemano, ack poorv badey wig, kaa samarthan karane kaa faisala kiya.
agale maheenon mein, kaee flee sadasyon ney party chhod dee. benedetto della vedova, aldo dee biageo aur maria idaa germontani sc mein shamil hoe gaye (della vedova koo pravakta niyukt kiya gayaa thaa), fabio grenata aur flavia perina green italia mein shamil hoe gaye, carmello brigulio pahale itali mein alemanno mein phir seey shamil hoe gaye, franceso divella ney naayak apulia koo launch kiya, potito salato udc key saath senaa mein shamil hoe gaye, jiska uddeshya europeeya logon kii party key model parr ack sanyukt party banaana thaa, aadi. party key joe kuchh bache they, unhone ack "nayaa rashtriya gathbandhan" banaane key liye dakshin, tirange kii lau, dakshin aur anya dakshinpanthi dalon aur logon key saath sahyog karna shuru curr diyaa. iss beach, poorv key adhikansh sadasya yaa tou pdl key gutt mein laut aae they yaa itali key bhaaiyon key saath shamil hoe gaye they, joe georgia meloni aur ignazio laa rusa key netritva mein ack party thee, jise disambar 2013 mein ack key naam aur prateek kaa upayog karane kii anumati key "rashtriya gathbandhan foundation" dwara pradaan kiya gayaa thaa.
2014 key peedmonteez kshetriya chunaav mein flee ney sanyukt adhikaar mein adhikaar aur samajik adhikaar key saath bhaag liya, lekin sanyukt soochi koo koee seat naheen millie.
flee koo aadhikarik taur parr 2013 aur 2014 key beach kabhi bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa. finny, joe tees varshon mein pahali baar chamber off deputies key sadasya naheen they aur sansad mein vaapas naheen aaney vaale kuchh nivartamaan rashtrapatiyon mein seey ack they, ney freerite naamak ack sangh key madhyam seey apani raajneetik gatividhi jaari rakhee.
vichardhara aur gutt.
bhavishya aur swatantrata kii vichardhara rashtriya roodhivaad seey laker udaar roodhivaad taka faili hui thee, lekin isake kuchh pramukh sadasyon koo samajik udaarvaad kaa prabal swaad thaa. isake mukhya muddon mein rashtriya ekataa kii raksha, sanghiya sudhaar kaa sandeh aur dakshini itali kaa vikas shamil haye.
flee key mool kaa gathan peedhi itali (jee. aaee.) dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen flee key adhikansh pratinidhi aur senator sambaddh hain, lekin "dweepsamuh finiano" (rashtriya kshetra aur khula sthaan) key anya dou guton kaa bhee pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye. saanskritik paksh parr, "ferfuturo" foundation aur "secolo dee 'italia" samachar patra bahut prabhaavshaali hain.
adhikansh flee sadasya kuchh ullekhaniya apvaadon key saath italvi samajik andolan (aim. aiss. aaee.) aur rashtriya gathbandhan (aeye. aine.) kii uttar-fasiwadi parampara seey aatey hainh benedetto della vedova (ack poorv kattarpanthi, joe forazaa italia, faai key liye upa nirvaachit hue they, aur baad mein "libertiamo" sangh key netaa they), barbara kantini (nasseria key poorv governor, iraq faai key liye chune gaye), chiara moroni (ack poorv samajwadi, baad mein faai key sadasya), giuseppe valditara (legaa nord key poorv sadasya), giulia bongiorno, alessandro ruben aur mutthi bhar poorv isai loktantravaadi. haalaanki adhikansh flee sadasya dakshini roodhivaadi yaa msi purani yaadon key hain joe kendra-dakshinpanthi, sanghiya sudhaar aur aarthik udaarvaad parr legaa nord key badhate prabhaav seey chintit hain. party vaastav mein bahut hii visham thee, aur rajneeti yaa neetiyon parr kuchh vibhajanon kii pehchaan karna sambhav thaa.
sabse pahale, pdl key saath sambandhon parr, shuruat mein ack "kattarpanthi" wing (italo bochino, fabio grenata, carmello briguglio, flavia perina, luka barbareshi aur adhikansh dipty) aur ack "madhyam" ack (andrea ronchi, passquel vispoli, roberto menia aur adhikansh senator) key beach ack spasht vibhajan thaa. kuchh ("madhyam" aur adolfo urs) lambe samay taka khud koo pdl kaa hissa maanate rahey, jabaki anya ("kattarpanthi" aur unmaad) chaahte they kii flee pdl seey swaayatt hoe. naee party shuru karane seey kuchh samay pahale, unhone "kattarpanthiyon" kaa paksh liya aur "narampanthiyon" kii aalochana kii. kaee "narampanthi", adhikansh poorv isai loktantravaadi aur yahaan taka kii "kattarpanthi" barbareshi ney bhee raaste mein party chhod dee. kuchh "madhyam" logon ney urso aur ronchi key netritva mein "ferritalia" shuru kiya, anya seedhe pdl mein phir seey shamil hoe gaye.
doosara, jabaki kuchh "finiani" (bochino, grenata, aadi.) flee koo ack aadhunik aur naveen dakshinpanthi, anya (unmaad, urso, aadi) key bhroon key roop mein dekhein.) divangat msi key raajneetik samudaay koo phir seey banaane key liye flee mein shamil hue hain. iss arth mein party key naam mein "bhavishya" shabd bhavishyavaad kaa sandarbh thaa, joe italvi faasivaad key liye ack saanskritik prerana thee.
iss prakaar pragatisheel aur pratikriyaavaadi donon taakaten flee seey hain, lekin lagbhag koee bhee raajneetik kendra key saath pehchaan naheen kartaa haye.
teesara, arthavyavastha parr, flee mein pramukh tanaav dirigism, statism, nigameekaran aur kendriyavaad (sabhi poorv msi kii vichardhara mein achchi tarah seey pratinidhitva karate hain) seey atyadhik prabhaavit thaa. salvatore merlo likhate hain kii "halanki phini ise kabhi sweekaar naheen karega... aaj unake dwara apanaae gaye kaee pada fasiwadi sanskriti mein ack nishchit dhaage seey praapt hotey hain "aur" arthashastri "tippani karate hain kii" shree phini key kaee saathi-vidrohiyon kii utpatti nava-faasivaad key samajik wing mein hui thee, jinake poonjiwadi virodhi anuyaayiyon ney bahut pahale 1970 key dashak mein narivad aur paryavaranvad jaise vichaaron koo apanaaya thaa ", yahee kaaran thaa kii flee" shayed europeeya adhikaar parr kissy bhee pragatisheel samooh kii visham vanshavali haye.  haalaanki, flee mein kuchh asambaddh aarthik udaarvaadi jaise benedetto della vedova, unake saathi poorv kattarpanthi aur "libertiamo" gutt aur foundation bhee shamil they. isake alawa, kuchh "finini", vishesh roop seey mario baldasari sahit, karon koo cumm karane aur isake bajaay rajkoshiya sanghwad kii shuruat koo dheema karane kaa prastaav rakhate hain.
chautha, naitik muddon parr, joe phini aur pdl key adhikansh aur poorv key beach kuchh mukhya sanghrshon kaa kaaran baney, della vedova jaise kuchh flee sadasya nagrik sanghon kii shuruat aur kritrim garbhadhan key udaarikaran key uddeshya seey ack pragatisheel pratibaddhata key liye jore dey rahey they, jabaki anya ney una muddon koo prathamikta naheen maanaa yaa msi/aine key paaramparik samajik roodhivaad seey kissy bhee prasthaan kaa virodh naheen kiya.

