
loncodra

loncodrao dakshini ingland key dair seey cretaceous seey loncodrachnoid terrodectyloid terrosor kaa ack vansh haye. iss vansh mein aisee prajaatiyan shamil hain jinhen pahale anya vanshon koo saunpa gayaa thaa.
khoj aur namkaran.
1846 mein, james scott boverbank ney kent mein medstone key paas ack chaak gaddhe mein paae gaye kuchh avasheshon kaa naam aur varnan "pterodectylus gigantius" kii ack naee prajaati key roop mein kiya. lattin mein vishisht naam kaa arth haye "vishal". vahee gaddha "pterodectylus kuviyari" key avasheshon koo utpann kartaa haye. 1848 mein, boverbank ney "pee" kii huddy sanrachana kaa ack ootakiya adhyayan prakaashit kiya. gigantius.
usa samay, 1843 key british sangh sanhita ney naamon koo badalane kii anumati dee thee yadi way anuchit they. 1850 mein, richard owen ney iss prajaati koo vishesh roop seey badaa naheen maanate hue, iska naam badalkar "terrodectylus conerostris" curr diyaa; vishisht naam kaa arth haye "shanku-snotted", joe namoone key shankudar naak parr adharit thaa nhmuk pv 39412. haalaanki, boverbank dwara lagaatar apattiyon key baad, owen ney 1851 mein iss naam koo vaapas leey liya jaba unhone adhik vistaar seey khoj kaa varnan kiya.
1914 mein reginald walter hooley ney iss prajaati koo ack nae vansh "loncodects", "lens bitter", koo "loncodects gigantius" key roop mein saunpa. 2013 mein, taisa rodrigues aur alekjendar wilheim armine kellner ney nishkarsh nikala kii "loncodects", "loncodects compressirostris" kii prajaati ack "naam dubium" thaa. isaliye, unhone ack naee genus "loncodra" banaai, jisamen greek λογχη, "lonche", "laans", lattin "draco", "dragon" key saath sanyojan kiya gayaa. "terrodectylus gigantius" koo "" loncodra "" kii prajaati banaaya gayaa thaa, jisake parinamswarup "" loncodra gigantius "" banaa.  dou anya prajaatiyon koo pahale "loncodects" koo saunpa gayaa thaa, jinhen nae vansh mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisake parinamswarup ack "loncodra koo macherorincus" aur ack "loncodra (?) microdon. uttaraardh key naam mein prashn chihn ingit kartaa haye kii lekhak kaary kii shuddhata key baare mein anishchit they.
rodrigues aur kellner koo 1978 mein peater wellenhofer dwara ack vikalp key baad, "loncodra koo gigantius" kaa vyakhyan prakaar nhmuk pv 39412 maanaa jaataa thaa. yeh chaak gathan kii ack parat mein paaya gayaa thaa, joe senomanian-turonian seey detting kartaa haye. isamen ack thoothan kaa saamane vaalaa hissa, nichale jabadon kii ack jodee kaa saamane vaalaa hissa, ack scapulocoracoid kaa ack tukada, ack humourous aur ack alna key oopari hisse aur ack pankh vaali ungli key falenx kaa ack hissa hotaa haye.
1869 mein bhee, seele ney anaupchaarik roop seey "petodectylus microdone" naam diyaa. 1870 mein, unhone aupchaarik roop seey iska naam "ornithochairus microdone", "chhote daant", hooley (1914) ney iss prajaati koo "loncodects" mein sthanantarit curr diyaa taaki nayaa sanyojan "loncodects microdone" bunn sakey. iska holotype, cams bee54486, cambridge greensand mein iska udbhav haye aur isamen ack thoothan kaa saamane hissa hotaa haye. ornithochairus oveni" seele 1870, cam bee 54439 key prakaar key namoone koo anvin (2001) dwara "microdon" key saath paryaayavaachi banaaya gayaa thaa, aur rodrigues aind kellner (2013) iss paryaay key saath sahmat they. 
1869 mein, hairi govier seele ney "petodectylus macarorincus" naam diyaa, usee samay naam koo aswikar karate hue joe ise aadhunik manakon dwara amaanya banaata haye. 1870 mein, seele ney mahsoos kiya thaa kii samanya naam "petodectylus" koo pahale seey hii vyast curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur prajaati kaa naam badalkar "ornithochairus macaronchus" curr diyaa gayaa thaa. greek mein vishisht naam kaa arth haye "sabre snott". 1914 mein hooley ney iska naam badalkar "loncodectes maache [aar] orhincus" curr diyaa. iska holotype, cams bee54855, cambridge key paas thaa joe cambridge kii ack parat mein paaya gayaa thaa aur joe kii senomanian seey detting kartaa haye, lekin isamen albian seey punarnirmit jeevaashm hotey hain. isamen nichale jabadon key ack symphysis kaa pichla chhor hotaa haye. haalaanki, loncodectidae kii apani sameeksha mein, avarianov (2020) ney rostral morphology mein samaantaon key kaaran "loncodraoco macherorincus" koo "ecrandraco" key roop mein saunpa. macarorincus, aur unhone "loncodrao microden" ("pee" sahit) bhee ghoshit kiya. oveni) "macherorincus" kaa ack kanishth paryaayavaachi. iss prakaar, "loncodra" prajaati "ell" taka seemit haye. gigantius.
varnan.
rodrigues aur kellner ney "loncodrao" koo ack clade key roop mein maanaa, joe iss prakaar sinapomorphiyon, saajha vyutpann lakshnon koo dhaaran curr sakata haye, clade koo sambandhit samoohon seey alag curr sakata haye. unhone inmein seey ack sthaapit kiyaah daanton key saaket taaloo aur jabade key nichale kinare key saapeksh oonche hotey hain. swayam kaa ack advitiya sanyojan bhee maujood thaa joe advitiya lakshan naheen thaa. jabadon key saamane key daant chhote hotey hain, jinka vyaas chaar millimeter seey adhik naheen hotaa haye. yeye sockett aakar mein mahatvapurna roop seey bhinn naheen hotey hain. daanton key beach kii doori unake vyaas key barabar hoti haye. taaloo parr madhya rekha katak oonchaa haye. nichale jabadon key neeche ack shikhar maujood hotaa haye.
boverbank kaa anuman "pee. gigantius key pankh lagbhag aathh seey nau feat key they. rodrigues aur kellner ney "loncodra koo gigantius" key dou swaroop sthaapit kiye. nichale jabadon key saamane key hisse key neeche ack chhota blade jaisa shikhar maujood hotaa haye. jabade key kinare key prati teen centimeter mein lagbhag chhah daanton key saaket kaa ghanatva hotaa haye. lakshnon kaa ack anootha sanyojan haih naak kaa ack shikhar hotaa haye; naak kaa agala hissa goal hotaa haye; nichale jabadon kaa agala hissa goal hotaa haye; saamane key daanton key saaket key kinare alag hoe jaate hain.
vargeekaran.
2013 mein, brazil key jeevaashm vigyaani rodrigue aur kellner ney loncodrachnode naamak ack parivaar koo "loncodra" saunpa, jise ack clade key roop mein paribhaashit naheen kiya gayaa thaa aur jisamen seey "loncodra" ekmatra sadasya thaa. halanki, baad mein apane vishleshan mein, rodrigues aind kellner ney loncodrachnode kii paribhasha koo loncodractode kaa kamobesh paryaay maanaa, haalaanki, unhone kahaa kii "loncoductess" ack "naam dubium" haye aur isaliye ise samooh mein shamil naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye. apane cladistic vishleshan mein, unhone nishkarsh nikala kii "loncodrao" kii teen prajaatiyon ney ack samooh banaaya, lekin isake liye ack sateek sthiti praapt karna asambhav saabit huaa kyonki dataset mein unake samavesh ney pedh koo badey paimaane parr ack polytomy mein dhwast curr diyaa, jisamen teen prajaatiyon key alawa, sabhi terodectyloidia aur yahaan taka kii ramphorhinchidae bhee shamil they.
2018 mein lambe samay taka ameer aur sahyogiyon dwara baramad ack topology ney "lonchodectidae" parivaar key bheetar "lonchodecte" kii bahan vargeekaran key roop mein "lonchodra" koo rakhaa, jisamen parivaar koo badey samooh ornithocheromorpha key bheetar rakhaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, kaee halia adhyayanon mein, jisamen pegas aur anya shamil hain."(2019) aur holgado aur pegas (2020), shabd loncodra konide kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, aur" "loncodra" "iss samooh key bheetar baramad kiya jaataa haye, bahan taxon seey" "ecrandra" ".
topology 1: longrich "aitt all."(2018).
topology 2: pegas "aur anya."(2019).