seema scan

seema scan ack ekikrit paripath key ander mudrit paripath board yaa upa-blocks parr paraspar sampark (taar rekhaaon) kaa pareekshan karane kii ack vidhi haye. seema scan kaa vyaapak roop seey ekikrit paripath pinn avasthaon koo dekhane, voltage koo maapane yaa ack ekikrit paripath key ander upa-avrodhon kaa vishleshan karane key liye ack debugging vidhi key roop mein bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye.
sanyukt pareekshan kaarravaai samooh (jey. tii. aeye. jee.) ney seema scan pareekshan key liye ack vinirdesh vikasit kiya jise 1990 mein aaee. ee. ee. ee. st. dee. key roop mein maankeekrit kiya gayaa thaa. 1149.1-1990.1994 mein, ack poorak jisamen seema scan vivaran bhasha (bsdl) kaa vivaran shamil haye, jodaa gayaa thaa joe iee std 1149.1 anuroop upkaranon kii seema-scan tark samagri kaa varnan kartaa haye. taba seey, iss maanak koo duniya bhar kii electronic upkaran companiyon dwara apanaaya gayaa haye. seema scan abb jyaadaatar jey. tii. aeye. jee. kaa paryaay haye.
pareekshan.
seema scan vastukala paraspar sampark (tark, yaadon aadi key samoohon sahit) kaa pareekshan karane kaa ack saadhan pradaan karati haye.) bhautik pareekshan jaanch kaa upayog kiye binaa; isamen cumm seey cumm ack "pareekshan kaksh" shamil haye joe upkaran key pratyek pinn seey judaa huaa haye aur joe usa pinn kii karyakshamta koo chuninda roop seey override curr sakata haye. pratyek pareekshan kaksh koo jey. tii. aeye. jee. scan shrinkhala key madhyam seey ack pinn parr ack sanket chalaane key liye prograam kiya jaa sakata haye aur iss prakaar board parr ack vyaktigat trace key paar; board trace key gantavya parr cell koo taba padhaa jaa sakata haye, yeh satyaapit karate hue kii board trace dou pinn koo thheek seey jodata haye. yadi nishan koo kissy anya sanket key liye chhota kiya jaataa haye yaa yadi nishan khula haye, tou sahee sanket moolya gantavya pinn parr naheen dikhaai detaa haye, joe ack galati kaa sanket detaa haye.
onn-chip buniyaadi dhancha.
seema scan kshamata pradaan karane key liye, aaee. see. vikreta apane pratyek upkaran mein atirikt tark jodate hain, jisamen pratyek baahari nishan key liye "scan koshikaaen" shamil hain. inn koshikaon koo phir baahari seema scan shift register (bee. aiss. aar.) banaane key liye ack saath jodaa jaataa haye, aur jey. tii. aeye. jee. pareekshan abhigam port (tapp) niyantrak samarthan key saath jodaa jaataa haye jisamen chaar (yaa kabhi-kabhi adhik) atirikt pinn aur niyantran paripath shamil hotey hain.
kuchh tapp niyantrak onn-chip logical design blocks key beach scan shrinkhalaon kaa samarthan karate hain, jey. tii. aeye. jee. nirdeshon key saath joe bee. aiss. aar. key bajaay una aantarik scan shrinkhalaon parr kaam karate hain. yeh una ekikrit ghatakon kaa pareekshan karane kii anumati dey sakata haye jaise kii way ack board parr alag chips they. onn-chip debugging samadhan iss tarah kii aantarik scan shrinkhalaon key bhaari upayogkarta hain.
yeye design adhikansh verilogue yaa vhdl pustakalayon kaa hissa hain. iss atirikt tark key liye atirikt laagat nyuntam haye, aur aam taur parr board star parr kushal pareekshan koo saksham karane key liye keemat key laayak haye.
samanya sanchaalan key liye, atirikt seema scan jaali koshikaon koo sett kiya jaataa haye taaki unakaa paripath parr koee prabhaav naa padey, aur isaliye way prabhaavi roop seey adrishya hain. haalaanki, jaba paripath koo ack pareekshan mode mein sett kiya jaataa haye, tou latch ack detta stream koo ack latch seey dusare mein sthanantarit karane mein saksham banaate hain. ack baar jaba ack poorna detta shabd koo pareekshan key tahat paripath mein sthanantarit curr diyaa jaataa haye, tou ise jagah mein rakhaa jaa sakata haye taaki yeh baahari sanketon koo chalaa sakey. shabd koo sthanantarit karna aam taur parr input key roop mein configure kiye gaye sanketon seey input moolyon koo bhee lautaata haye.
pareekshan tantra.
choonki koshikaon kaa upayog board mein detta koo majboor karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, way pareekshan sthitiyon koo sthaapit curr sakate hain. praasangik raajyon koo phir detta shabd koo vaapas ghadee karke pareekshan pranali mein vaapas daala jaa sakata haye taaki iska vishleshan kiya jaa sakey.
iss takneek koo apnakar, ack pareekshan pranali key liye ack board taka pareekshan pahunch praapt karna sambhav haye. choonki aaj key adhikansh board ghatakon aur patariyon key saath bahut ghanee aabaadi vaale hain, isaliye board key praasangik kshetron taka bhautik roop seey pahunchana pareekshan pranaliyon key liye bahut mushkil haye taaki way board kaa pareekshan curr sakein. seema scan hamesha bhautik jaanch kii aavashyakta key binaa pahunch sambhav banaata haye.
aadhunik chip aur board design mein, pareekshan key liye design ack mahatvapurna mudda haye, aur ack samanya design kalaakriti seema scan pareekshan vactors kaa ack sett haye, joe sambhavatah serial vector praarup (svf) yaa isi tarah key vinimay praarup mein diyaa jaataa haye.
jey. tii. aeye. jee. pareekshan sanchaalan.
upkaran input aur output pinn key ack sett key madhyam seey duniya seey samvaad karate hain. swayam, yeye pinn upkaran key kaam mein seemit drishyata pradaan karate hain. haalaanki, seema scan kaa samarthan karane vaale upkaranon mein upkaran key pratyek sanket pinn key liye ack shift-register cell hotaa haye. yeye register upkaran kii seema key chaaron or ack samarpit maarg mein judey hue hain (isaliye naam). path ack aabhaasi pahunch kshamata banaata haye joe samanya nivesh koo darkinar kartaa haye aur upkaran kaa seedha niyantran aur isake output parr vistrit drishyata pradaan kartaa haye. seema scan kii samagri koo aamtaur parr nirmaata dwara ack bhaag-vishisht bee. aiss. dee. ell. file kaa upayog karke varnit kiya jaataa haye.
anya cheejon key alawa, ack bee. aiss. dee. ell. file seema scan register (bee. aiss. aar.) kii apani paribhasha key hisse key roop mein, seema scan mein ujagar pratyek digital sanket kaa varnan pinn yaa gend (chip packaging key aadhar parr) key madhyam seey karegi. dou gendon kaa vivaran iss tarah dikh sakata haih
 "541 (bc _ 1, *, niyantran, 1)"," &
 "542 (bc _ 1, gpio51 _ atacs1, output 3, x, 541,1, z)"," &
 "543 (bc _ 1, gpio51 _ atacs1, input, x)"," &
 "544 (bc _ 1, *, niyantran, 1)"," &
 "545 (bc _ 1, gpio50 _ atacs0, output 3, x, 544,1, z)"," &
 "546 (bc _ 1, gpio50 _ atacs0, input, x)"," &
yeh ack madhyam aakar kii chip parr dou genden dikhaata haye (seema scan mein lagbhag 620 aisee rekhaaen shamil hain, ack 361-gend bee. jee. aeye. package mein), jinamen seey pratyek mein bee. aiss. aar. mein teen ghatak hainh gend koo configure karane vaalaa ack niyantran (input key roop mein, output, kyaa drive star, pullup, pulldown, aur itane parr); ack prakaar kaa output signal; aur ack prakaar kaa input signal.
usa seema scan register mein detta kaa namuna lene key liye jey. tii. aeye. jee. nirdesh hain, yaa ise moolyon key saath poorv-load karein.
pareekshan key dauran, aaee/oh sanket seema-scan koshikaon key madhyam seey chip mein pravesh karate hain aur chhod dete hain. pareekshan mein kaee pareekshan vactor shamil hotey hain, jinamen seey pratyek kuchh sanketon koo chalaata haye aur phir yeh satyaapit kartaa haye kii pratikriyaen apekshit hain. seema-scan koshikaon koo chip (extest nirdesh) key beach paraspar sambandh key liye baahari pareekshan yaa chip (aant nirdesh) key bheetar tark key liye aantarik pareekshan kaa samarthan karane key liye configure kiya jaa sakata haye.
board pareekshan avasanrachana.
aam taur parr uchch-stariya vaanijyik jey. tii. aeye. jee. pareekshan pranali swachaalit roop seey pareekshan anuprayog utpann karane key liye see. aeye. dee./aeye. dee. aeye. pranaliyon seey design 'netalist' key ayaat key saath-saath seema scan/jey. tii. aeye. jee. anuroop upkaranon key bee. aiss. dee. ell. model kii anumati detee haye. 
samanya prakaar key parikshanon mein shamil hain -
jaba nirmaan key dauran upayog kiya jaataa haye, tou aisee pranaaliyan gair-pareekshan lekin sambaddh anuprayogon kaa bhee samarthan karati hain jaise kii vibhinn prakaar kii flashes memori kii inn-system prograamingah naa tou, naa, aur serial serial yaa spie).
iss tarah kii vaanijyik pranaliyon kaa upayog board pareekshan peshevaron dwara kiya jaataa haye aur ack poori tarah seey vikasit pranali key liye aksar kaee hazaar dollar kharch honge. way sateek roop seey doshon koo ingit karane key liye naidaanik vikalp shamil curr sakate hain jaise kii open circuit aur shorts aur dosh koo graphical tareeke seey chitrit karane key liye yojnabaddh yaa leout darshakon kii peshkash bhee curr sakate hain. aise upkaranon key saath vikasit parikshanon koo aksar anya pareekshan pranaliyon jaise kii inn-circuit parikshakon (aaee. see. tii. aiss.) yaa karyatmak board pareekshan pranaliyon key saath jodaa jaataa haye.
debugging.
seema scan vastukala bhee karyakshamta pradaan karati haye joe ack antarnihit pranali key vikas charanon key dauran developers aur engineeron kii madad karati haye. ack jey. tii. aeye. jee. pareekshan abhigam port (tapp) koo cumm gati vaale tark vishleshak mein badala jaa sakata haye.
itihas.
james bee. steinford vishvavidyalaya mein angel ney kramik pareekshan kaa prastaav rakhaa.
aaee. bee. aim. ney star-samvedansheel scan design (ell. aiss. aiss. dee.) vikasit kiya.

