
master theodoric

master theodoric, lattin magister theodoricus mein (1328 seey pahale? - 8 march, 1381 seey pahale, praag, sakriya-see. aeye. 1360-1380) ack bohemian chitrakaar they. vaha sabse achchha pralekhit bohemian gothik chitrakaar haye. vaha charles IV, pavitra roman samrat key pasandida darbari chitrakaar they. aur pahala bohemian chitrakaar jiska naam kaam key ack samooh seey jodaa jaa sakata haye. theodoric koo antarrashtriya gothik key charan kaa mukhya pratinidhi maanaa jaataa haye jise "naram shally" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. unaki utkrisht kriti charles key nae poorna carlstagen mahal mein pavitra cross kaa chappel haye, joe praag key paas haye, jisamen santon aur anya ullekhaniya hastiyon key thode adhik-jeevan-aakar key aadhe-lambai key panel chitron kii ack badee shrinkhala haye. chappel kii poori sajawat 1359 mein shuru kii gaee thee aur kaee varshon mein poori hui thee. pavitra cross key chappel kii sajawat alps key uttar mein advitiya aur abhootpoorv thee. 14veen shatabdi (1360veen) key madhya key baad europeeya kalaa mein kissy bhee cheez key saath theodoric kii rachana kii tulanaa naheen kii jaa sakati haye.
jeevan.
vaha sambhavatah reinland (collon key villium kii karyashala) seey praag mein aaya thaa?) 1350 key dashak mein uttari itali kii ack adhyayan yatra key baad. puzmanova kaa kahana haye kii lagbhag 1309 mein ack moortikaar jise 'magister theodoricus dee alemania' key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, joe unake aur unake bhaai-chitrakaar gilleto key poorvaj hoe sakate they, naples mein anjou key charles II key darbar mein sakriya they. praag mein nagrik adhikaaron key liye prateeksha avadhi teen saal thee, aur nayaa aaya vyakti seedhe chitrakaron kii biradari kaa sadasya naheen bunn sakaa. praag chitrakaron kii biradari (sant luke kaa bhaichara, 1346 mein sthaapit) kii soochi mein unaki pravishti kii tarikh anishchit haye, jahaan unhein ack varishth ("primus magister") aur "malarius imperatoris" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. pahale yeh 1348 maanaa jaataa thaa, haalaanki yeh sambhav haye kii unhein kewal 1360 mein praag mahal mein shaahi mahal kii painting koo nishpaadit karane key baad ack maanad samaroh kii peshkash kii gaee thee.
1359 mein unakaa ullekh "malarius imperatoris" key roop mein kiya gayaa haye aur "hradkeni shahar key abhilekhon" mein hradkeni mein ack ghar key malik key roop mein kiya gayaa haye. unake ghar kaa ullekh ack baar phir 1368 mein kiya gayaa thaa (ghar nam. 185/iv, üvoz seey oopar, haradkeni varg parr. 1359 aur 1367 key beach unhone praag aur carlstagen mahal mein charles IV key pramukh darbari chitrakaar key roop mein kaam kiya. samrat ney apane chitrakaar aur darbari koo "pictor noster aitt parichit" kahaa. 28 aprail 1367 key ack vishesh dastavej mein, charles IV ney pramaanit kiya kii morina key gaanv mein devdaarik kii adalat aur kheton koo sabhi karon aur anya shulkon seey mukt curr diyaa jaayega. yeh visheshaadhikaar deva-devta key uttaradhikariyon parr bhee lagu hotaa thaa aur carlstagen mein shaahi chappel kii unaki sajawat kii maanyata mein diyaa gayaa thaa. 1381 mein jaba ise becha gayaa thaa, tou vencillouse IV dwara ack patra mein theodoric key darbar kaa phir seey ullekh kiya gayaa thaa. glove key mikulas mendall, sunar jorg key pitaa, aur sunar zaan waxner ney darbar koo lezevis key jessec mrez kii vidhwa zedena koo betch diyaa. yeh ekmatra dastavej haye joe 8 march 1381 seey pahale deva-devta kii mrityu koo sthaapit kartaa haye aur ingit kartaa haye kii usane koee vanshaj naheen chhoda thaa.
kaam karate hain.
theodoric kii mahaan kriti panel paintings aur deewaar chitron kaa ack sangrah haye joe carlstagen mein pavitra cross key chappel key liye charles IV key commission parr kiya gayaa thaa. sub milkar, 129 kaary hain, sabhi sant, paigambar yaa swargadoot. praag mein rashtriya gallery ney kahaa kii way "duniya mein kewal kuchh hii samaan hainh humm maanate hain kii yeh kahana koee atishayokti naheen haye kii way aise kalaatmak smarakon aur ghatnaaon key saath tulanaa karate hain jaise kii padua mein akhaada, asisi yaa staa mein church, florence mein cross aur avinon mein pope key mahal."
apani saahasik aur jordar shally key liye jaane jaane vaale, unhein bohemian kalaa key vikas mein ack kendriya vyakti key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. kaee anya gothic chitrakaron kii tarah, unhone bahut ujjwal aur dhyaan aakarshit karane vaale rangon aur bolled rekhaaon kaa upayog kiya. unhone chhote frames mein shaktishali aakritiyon koo chitrit kiya, jisase darshak koo smaarak kii dhaarana seey bhar diyaa. prakaash aur pratibimb key upayog key liye prasiddh, unhone prakaash koo frame seey parey yatra karane kii anumati dekar apane kaam mein antaheen sthaan kaa bhram paida kiya. kalaa itihaskaron ney deva-devta key jeevan key kaee pahaluon parr asahamati jataai haye. ack itihaaskaar ney nott kiya kii deva-devta ack "advitiya ghatana" thee, jisake karyon koo shaileegat vikas dwara samajhaaya naheen jaa sakata thaa, kyonki unake kalaa kaary key liye koee udaaharan naheen they, jisase kissy koo vishvaas hoe jaataa haye kii vaha swayam-sikhaae gaye honge. ack anya vidwan kii vipareet raay haye-kii vaha italvi aur francisi samkaaleen kalaa donon seey prabhaavit they.
loxemberg vanshavali key swami charles IV kii seva mein apane poorvavarti key kaam seey theodoric kaa anusaran kiya gayaa, jinhone carlstein mein shaahi mahal-mahal kii sajawat aur 1356 aur 1357 key beach "virgine mairi key chappel" mein 'avashesh drishyon' koo chitrit kiya. yeh master 1350 veen kii franco-flamish kalaa seey parichit thaa aur bohemia mein bhitti chitra mein pramukh navachar laaya. kaee panel paintings joe devdaar kii karyashala key liye jimmedaar hain, vanshavali key aankadon mein chehare aur andolan key pattern key prakaar koo dohrate hain. homolka key anusaar, "pavitra cross key chappel" seey aiss. aiss. peater aur paul key dou bhaari kshatigrast panel paintings kii utpatti seedhe luxemberg vanshavali key master kii karyashala mein hoe sakati thee, kyonki unaki neenv kii paraton kii takneek bhitti chitra kii adhik vishisht haye aur iss prakaar anya chitron seey kaafee alag haye.
theodoric kii karyashala ney 1360 aur 1365 key beach carlstagen mahal mein "pavitra cross key chappel" kii anoothi samagr sajawat kii. chappel bhavya roop seey sajaae gaye avashesh chappel kii parampara seey sambandhit haye jisamen constantinople mein samrat chappel, lateran palace mein senka sactorum, yaa peris mein sente chappel shamil hain. sajawat mein chaar panktiyon mein 129 (mool roop seey 130) panel painting shamil hain, joe purush santon, mahila santon aur paigambaron kii aadhi lambai kii aakritiyon koo chitrit karate hain, joe chappel mein rakhe gaye avasheshon kii raksha karate hue 'swarg kii senaa' kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. kaee chitra frames mein chhote-chhote dwaar they jinamen avashesh daale jaa sakate they. pavitra cross chappel" mein santon kaa chitran seedhe unake avasheshon kii pooja seey judaa huaa thaa. junoon key avasheshon kii upasthiti shayed iss baat kii guaranti detee haye kii masih apani vaapsee parr chappel mein utarenge.
aakritiyon key shailikaran key saath, gothic raikhik shally kaa tyag aur prakaash aur chhaaya kaa upayog karke chehare aur kapade key pratiroopan key saath, devdaar key chitra pichhali kalaatmak shally koo paar curr jaate hain. yeh spasht haye kii vaha french grissel painting seey parichit they. chitron koo chitron key vishleshan aur chitra key nishpaadan kii tulanaa key aadhar parr devdaar key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya jaa sakata haye. rachanaon key kheenche gaye design, chehare aur kapade key vivaran key saath-saath pavitra croose key chappel mein sabse mahatvapurna chitron key samagr samaapan koo deva-devta key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. chitron key sir parr theodoric kaa brush drying najuk aur dridh haye. kapade parr yeh majboot aur urjaavaan hotaa haye aur frame parr overlap hotaa haye.
sir key prakaar key adhyayan seey pataa chalaa kii sir kaa aakar aur chehare kaa vivaran, i.ee. aankhen, naak, kaee mamalon mein poori tarah seey samaan hain, jaise kii way anurekhan key madhyam seey utpann hue hain. haalaanki, santon key kuchh chehare apani pramukh, prateet honey vaali vyaktigat visheshtaon aur manovaigyaanik abhivyaktiyon key saath darshakon kaa dhyaan aakarshit karate hain, joe 15veen shatabdi kii chitrakaari kaa anuman lagaate hain. sent luke key prachaarak kaa chitra swayam deva-devta kaa swayam-chitra bhee hoe sakata haye.
vishesh kaarigaron ney chitra puttle taiyar karane, plastic kii sajawat aur sunar key tatvon jaise maadhyamik karyon kii ack shrinkhala kaa dhyaan rakhaa. deva-chitrakaari kii karyashala mein kaaryarat chitrakaron kaa koee record naheen haye, haalaanki unamen seey kaee aayog key paimaane aur nishpaadan kii cumm samay seema key saath-saath avakramit pratibimb dwara pushti kiye gaye underdrying key prakaron dwara nyaay karate hue hue aae honge. kuchh kalaa itihaskaron kaa yeh bhee maanana haye kii kaee guru aur unake karyashala sahayogi shamil they.
pavitra cross key chappel" mein dou sthaan hain joe vibhinn chitrakala shailiyon key sanyojan kii gawahi dete hain. way vedi kii deewaar parr poori tarah seey nishpaadit praarambhik chitron mein paae jaa sakate hain jinhen phir chitron key underdrying mein ack saral roop mein yaa darpan mein dohraya jaataa haye. theodoric key poorvavarti, luxemberg vanshavali key swami, ney poori sambhavana mein "pavitra cross key chappel" kii deewaar parr kheenche gaye design banaae. theodoric ney sambhavatah 1360 key aspas poore chappel kii avadharana taiyar kii, jisase sabhi chitron kii sanrachana aur pallet sthaapit hui. unaki vishisht chitrakala shally koo paigambaron, raajaon aur shurveeron key kaee chitron mein pahachaana jaa sakata haye joe samagr shrinkhala kaa hissa hain.
church key pitaaon key panel painting mein chitrit sthir jeevan key roop mein navachar dikhaai dete hain joe theodoric kii karyashala (sant augustein, sant ambrose, sant gregory) mein utpann hotey hain. ack anya pratibhashali kalakar dwara spasht roop seey banaae gaye, yeye chitra apane asamanya yathaarthvaad, apane sthir jeevan key sthaanik design aur apani parishkrit rung yojana key saath khade hain. inn gunon key saath, way 15veen shatabdi kii shuruat aur uttari europeeya punarjagaran kii or chitrakala key vikas kaa anuman lagaate hain.
master bertram, joe baad mein hamberg mein sakriya they, ney spasht roop seey devadaru kii karyashala mein kaam kiya. traboen vedi key master aur kalakar jinhone vlasim key zaan oko key mutt panel koo chitrit kiya, shayed way bhee theodoric kii karyashala seey baahar aae they. apani praudyogiki aur sanrachana key sandarbh mein, sent vitus cathedral key saxon chappel mein teen raajaon kii pooja kii bhitti chitrakaari devtaon key chitron key samaan haye. homolka key anusaar, aeye2 aur aeye3 chapter house bibles key prakashakon mein theodoric key saath bahut kuchh samaan thaa yaa unaki karyashala seey baahar aaya thaa. haalaanki antarrashtriya gothic "naram shally" kaa koee pratyaksh uttaradhikari naheen thaa, karyashala key sandarbh ney bohemian gothic chitrakaron kii agali peedhiyon koo prabhaavit kiya.
theodoric key panel painting kii takneek.
dou-parat vaale silicius aur chaak bases sahit panels (beachwood) kii taiyari, france aur germany mein abhyaas key samaan haye lekin itali mein dikhaai naheen detee haye. brush mein praarambhik kaalaa underdroing raikhik aur sthaanon mein atyadhik vistrit haye. haalaanki, antim chitra mein, udaaharan key liye haathon kii sthiti mein kaee vichalan paae gaye hain. praarambhik chitra koo tail-adharit seesa safed rung kii ack parat seey dhakaa jaataa haye. yeh parat parbhasi lazer paraton key madhyam seey iss parr padane vaale visarjit prakaash koo bhee darshaati haye aur drapery key oopari hisson key madhyam seey chamakati haye. painting koo andey key tapman mein tail kii paraton key saath baari-baari seey nishpaadit kiya jaataa haye. tail aadhar ney vipareet rung paraton kii vyavastha aur aayatan key kramik pratiroopan donon koo saksham kiya. theodoric kii painting koo dheemi gati seey sookhane vaale tail (sambhavatah akhrot) aadhar kii madad seey ardh-lazer paraton koo neeche rakhane kii visheshta haye joe geele-parr-geele painting koo saksham kartaa haye. maans key tone mein, nama tail aadhar varnak "alaa prima" (charlemen) jodkar ack parat mein chikani sankraman key modeling kii anumati detaa haye.
anya vishesh kalakaron key liye, jinhone sajawat kii ack jatil pranali banaai, chitron key antim roop parr sahyog karna aavashyak thaa. inmein chitron kii prishthabhoomi aur frame (pastiglia) kii raahat sajawat, chipkaya huaa plastic sajawat, tinn aur seese seey saanche mein chhote sunar key anuprayog, prishthabhoomi kaa swarn aur sunar key utpaad, udaaharan key liye, chaandi key nakhunon key saath panel seey judey chhote cross shamil they.
carlstagen mahal mein pavitra cross key chappel mein bhitti chitra.
pavitra cross key chappel mein bhitti chitron mein sarvanash kii bhavishyavani haye-nirnay key dinn masih key dusare aaney kii pratyasha. chappel kii khidki key thikaanon key tehkhaanon parr ack dusare key vipareet divaaron koo deva-devta aur unaki karyashala mein mahaarat hassil karane key liye varnit kiya gayaa haye. aakritiyon kii poshak prakaash key naram pratiroopan dwara visheshta haye. apane mute rung tone key saath, iska grissel painting vidhi seey lagaav haye. chehare kaee devdaar key panel paintings seey nikatata seey sambandhit hain aur baar-baar baalon aur moonchon key vishisht rupankan koo alag-alag taaron mein kundalit karate hain. chitra koo soney seey sajaaya gayaa haye aur drishyon kii prishthabhoomi soney key plastic key taaron key aakaron seey bharee hui haye.
ack mandorla mein sarvanash devta swargadooton (paschimi aalaa) key gayakon seey ghiraa huaa haye.
chitra kii rung yojana vipareet deewaar key liye anukoolit haye joe chaubis boodhe purushon (baarah paigambaron aur baarah preriton, yaa 24 vishva shasakon) kii pooja koo darshaati haye joe luxemberg vanshavali key swami koo jimmedaar thaharaate hain. bhagwan kii smaarak painting koo grissel mein nishpaadit kiya jaataa haye. usake haath mein bhagwan saat taare aur ack kitab pakade hue hain jisake oopar saat mombattiyaan hain.
virgine mairi (uttar-poorv aalaa, uttari tehkhana) kaa uchchaaran.
isake nishpaadan kii uchch gunavatta key saath, ghoshana key drishya mein theodoric kii karyashala (sent ambrose) dwara panel painting mein upayog kii jaane vaali sabse unnat takneekon key saath bahut kuchh samaan haye. pradhaan doot gabriel key pankh tinn kii chaadar key strips seey baney hotey hain jinhen lazer painting aur soney key rung kii plastic sajawat seey sajaaya jaataa haye. yeh sthaan ack cathedral kii bahubhuj gothik vastukala aur virgine mairi key vikarn pathan stand dwara gahara haye.
teen raajaon (uttar-poorv aalaa, dakshin tehkhana) kii pooja.
sabse badee aur sabse achchi tarah seey sanrakshit painting mein ack jhopadi mein pavitra parivaar koo jaanvaron aur teen raajaon key uphaaron key saath darshaaya gayaa haye. nishpaadan kii uchch kalaatmak gunavatta, cheharon kii vishisht prakaariki aur chitrakala shally iss kaam key kalakar key roop mein devtaon mein mahaarat hassil karane kii pushti karati haye. chitra koo sabse oopar vivaranon (shishu masih kii aakriti, moonchh aur baalon kii door, buni hui wicker baad, plastic seey nishpaadit shaahi mukut aur badhiya upahaar) key saavdhaanipoorvak nishpaadan dwara chihnit kiya gayaa haye. teesare raajaa kii aakriti, jise charles IV kaa ack gupt chitra maanaa jaataa haye, europeeya kalaa mein ack samrat kii pahali aisee upasthiti haye.
saiman (dakshin-poorv aalaa, uttari tehkhana) key ghar mein mairi magdlean aur martha/masih kaa abhishek.
chitra bahut kshatigrast hain, halanki kapadon key chiaroscuro modeling, chehare kii typology aur haathon key nishpaadan mein master theodoric key panel painting mein nikatata seey sambandhit samkaksh hain.
laazar/nolly mee tengere (dakshin-poorv aalaa, dakshin tehkhana) kaa utthaan.
prishthabhoomi mein apane paridrishya drishyon key saath samriddh rachana buri tarah seey kshatigrast haye, halanki kaee samaan aupchaarik saadrishya ise pavitra cross key chappel mein master theodoric key bhitti chitron key saath rank karate hain.