
bruno munari

bruno munari (24 octuber, 1907 milan mein-29 sitambar, 1998 milan mein) "20veen shatabdi kii kalaa, design aur graphics key mahaan abhinetaon mein seey ack they."way ack italvi kalakar, designer aur aavishkaarak they jinhone adhuniktawad, bhavishyavaad aur thhos kalaa mein drishya kalaa (chitrakala, murtikala, film, audyogik design, graphic design) key kaee kshetron mein aur gair-drishya kalaa (saahitya, kavita) mein khel, upadeshaatmak vidhi, andolan, sparsh kaushal seekhane, gatij seekhane aur rachnaatmaktaa parr apane shodh key saath maulik yogdan diyaa. kalaa kii upayogita parr, munari ney ack baar kahaa thaa, "kalaa koo jeevan seey alag naheen kiya jaanaa chaahieh joe cheejen dekhane key liye achchi hain aur jinka upayog karane key liye buraa haye, unakaa astitva naheen honah chaahiye."
praarambhik jeevan.
bruno munari kaa janm milan mein huaa thaa, lekin unhone apana bachpan aur kishoravastha badiya polin mein bitaai, jahan unakaa parivaar ack hotal chalaane key liye sthanantarit hoe gayaa thaa. 1926 mein way milan laut aae jahan unhone apane chaacha key saath kaam karna shuru kiya, joe ack engineer they. 1927 mein, unhone kaee pradarshaniyon mein apane kaam koo pradarshit karate hue marinetti aur bhavishyavaadi andolan kaa anusaran karna shuru kiya. teen saal baad vaha ricardo castageny (ricas) key saath judey, jinake saath unhone 1938 taka ack graphic designer key roop mein kaam kiya. peris kii yatra key dauran, 1933 mein, way luis aragon aur andre brayton seey mille. 1938 seey sitambar 1943 taka unhone mondori key liye ack press graphic designer key roop mein kaam kiya, aur mondauri key swaamitva vaali dou patrikaon "tempo patrika" aur "grazia" key kalaa nideshak key roop mein kaam kiya. usee samay unhone bachchon key liye pustaken design karna shuru kiya, joe mool roop seey unake bete alberto key liye banaai gaee theen.
bhavishyavaad.
bruno munari 1920 key dashak key anta mein philippo tomaso marinetti key netritva mein itali mein 'dusare' italvi bhavishyavaadi andolan mein shamil hoe gaye. iss avadhi key dauran, munari ney italvi patrikaon mein kolaj kaa yogdan diyaa, unamen seey kuchh atyadhik prachaarak they, aur murtikala key kaam kiye joe aaney vaale dashakon mein unaki bekaar machines aur unake amoort-jyaamitiya karyon sahit saamane aae. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad munari ney apane proto-fasiwadi arthon key kaaran khud koo italvi bhavishyavaad seey alag curr liya.
baad mein jeevan.
1948 mein, munari, gilo dorfals, giani monet aur atanasio soldati ney concreet kalaa key liye italvi andolan "movimento arte concreet" (mack) kii sthaapana kii. 1940 aur 1950 key dashak key dauran, munari ney italvi design udyog key liye kaee vastuon kaa utpaadan kiya, jisamen prakaash fixture, aish tray, television, aspresso masheenen aur anya vastuon key beach khilaune shamil they.
apane baad key jeevan mein, muniri, apane kalaatmak kaary kii galat dhaarana seey chintit they, joe abhee bhee unaki gatividhi kii anya shailiyon (upadesh, design, graphics) key saath bhramit haye, 1969 mein apane sabse mahatvapurna karyon key chayan key curator key roop mein kalaa itihaaskaar miroslava hajek kaa chayan kiya. yeh sangrah, kalanukramik roop seey sanrachit, unaki nirantar rachnaatmaktaa, vishayagat susangatta aur unake poore kalaatmak jeevan mein unake saundarya darshan key vikas koo darshaata haye.
munari ney baad mein apane jeevan mein bachchon kii kitaabon aur khilaunon key kshetra mein bhee mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa, halanki way 1930 key dashak seey bachchon key liye kitaaben banaa rahey they. unhone sparsh, gati aur rung key baare mein seekhane key liye rachana, sparsh satah aur cutt-out kaa upayog kiya.
29 sitambar, 1998 koo milan mein munari kii mrityu hoe gaee.
design aur drishya sanchaar kaary kartaa haye.
nimnalikhit "kalaa key roop mein design" mein shamil hain. way vyaktigat roop seey bhee prakaashit kiye gaye hainh 
shaikshik khel aur kaaryashaalaaen.
1988 seey 1992 taka munari ney vyaktigat roop seey samkaaleen kalaa key liye luigi pechi kendra kii shaikshik karyashalaon mein sahyog kiya, aantarik karmchaariyon, arthaat barbara konti aur ricardo farinelli koo prashikshit kiya, joe 2014 taka jaari aadhar parr sangrahalaya karyashalaon koo jaari rakhenge aur unakaa samanvaya karenge.

