
huddy kii kalam banaana

huddy kalam banaana ack shalya chikitsa prakriya haye joe huddy key tootane kii marammat key liye gayab huddy koo badal detee haye joe behad jatil hain, rogi key liye ack mahatvapurna swaasthya jokhim paida karate hain, yaa thheek seey thheek honey mein whiffle rahate hain. kuchh chhote yaa teevra fracture koo huddy key kalam key binaa thheek kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin yaugik fracture jaise badey fracture key liye khatra adhik hotaa haye.
huddy mein aam taur parr poori tarah seey punarjanan karane kii kshamata hoti haye lekin aisaa karane key liye bahut cumm fracture sthaan yaa kissy prakaar key machaan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. huddy key graft autologous (rogi key apane shareer seey, aksar iliac crest seey kataai gaee huddy), allographt (aamtaur parr huddy key kinare seey praapt shav asthi), yaa kritrim (aksar hydroxypatite yaa anya praakritik roop seey honey vaale aur jaiv sangat padarthon seey baney) hoe sakate hain, jinake huddy key samaan yaantrik guna hotey hain. adhikansh huddy key graft koo phir seey avashoshit aur pratisthaapit kiye jaane kii ummeed haye kyonki praakritik huddy kuchh maheenon key samay mein thheek hoe jaati haye.
safal huddy key graft mein shamil siddhanton mein austioconduction (praakritik huddy key reparative vikas kaa margadarshan karna), austioinduction (alag-alag koshikaon koo sakriya austioblast banane key liye protsaahit karna), aur austiogenesis (graft samagri mein jeevit huddy kii koshikaaen huddy key punarnirmaan mein yogdan karati hain) shamil hain. austiogenesis kewal autographt ootak aur allographt cellular huddy matricks key saath hotaa haye.
javic tantra.
huddy kalam banaana sambhav haye kyonki huddy key ootak mein, adhikansh anya ootakon key vipareet, poori tarah seey punarjanan karane kii kshamata hoti haye yadi usey badhane key liye jagah pradaan kii jaae. jaise-jaise deshi huddy badhati haye, yeh aam taur parr kalam samagri koo poori tarah seey badal degi, jisake parinamswarup naee huddy kaa ack poori tarah seey ekikrit kshetra hoga. huddy kalam key liye ack tark pradaan karane vaale javic tantra austioconduction, austionduction aur austiogenesis hain.
austioconduction.
austioconduction koo "ootak antargrahan, austioprogenitor koshika vikas aur huddy key nirmaan key liye vikas kaa samarthan karane key liye ack samagri kaa guna" kahaa jaataa haye. huddy kalam key sandarbh mein yeh taba hotaa haye jaba huddy kalam samagri naee huddy key vikas key liye ack machaan key roop mein kaary karati haye joe mool huddy dwara kayam rahati haye. graft kiye jaa rahey dosh key kinare seey austioblast huddy graft samagri kaa upayog ack dhaanche key roop mein karate hain jiss parr naee huddy failaane aur utpann karane key liye. austioblast daataa ootak seey naheen, balki mezban kii koshikaon key aantarik antargrahan key madhyam seey utpann hotey hain. huddy kalam banaane kii shalya chikitsa mein upayog kiye jaane vaale pratyaropan mein jaiv sakriya rasayanon (beeta-trichyllium phosphat) kaa uchit bandhan ack dosh key kshetra mein austioconductivity koo badhaava dene kii anumati detaa haye. bahut cumm seey cumm, ack huddy kalam samagri inn jaiv sakriya rasayanon seey bunny honey seey austioconductive honey chaahiye.
austioinduction.
austioduction mein austioprogenitor koshikaon kii uttejana shamil hoti haye joe austioblast mein alag hoti hain joe phir naee huddy kaa nirmaan shuru karati hain. asthi-samvaahak koshika madhyasthon kaa sabse vyaapak roop seey adhyayan kiya gayaa prakaar huddy key roopaatmak protein (bee. aim. pee. aiss.) haye. huddy kii kalam samagri joe austioconductive aur austionductive haye, naa kewal vartamaan mein maujood austioblast key liye ack machaan key roop mein kaam karegi, balki nae austioblast key gathan koo bhee trigger karegi, joe saiddhaantik roop seey kalam key teji seey ekikaran koo badhaava degi.
austiopromotion.
austiopromation mein austioductive gunon key binaa austioduction kii vriddhi shamil haye. udaaharan key liye, tamchini matricks vyutpann koo khanijayukt freeze dry bone allographt (dee. aff. dee. bee. aeye.) key austionductive prabhaav koo badhaane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye, lekin yeh akele naee huddy key vikas koo protsaahit naheen karega.
austiogenesis.
austiogenesis taba hotaa haye jaba huddy key kalam samagri seey utpann honey vaale mahatvapurna austioblast anya dou tantron key madhyam seey utpann huddy key vikas key saath-saath huddy key nae vikas mein yogdan karate hain.
vidhi.
huddy key kalam kii aavashyakta kahaan haye, isake aadhar parr sergery karane key liye ack alag doctor seey anurodh kiya jaa sakata haye. huddy kalam prakriya karane vaale doctor aur chikitsak aamtaur parr huddy roga sarjan, autolaryngeology haid aur neck sarjan, neurosurgeon, chraniophacial sarjan, oral aur maxillofacial sarjan, podiatric sarjan aur periodontist, dental sarjan, oral sarjan aur implantologist hotey hain.
autocraft.
autologous (yaa autogenous) huddy kalam mein kalam praapt karane vaale usee vyakti seey praapt huddy kaa upayog karna shamil haye. huddy koo gair-aavashyak haddiyon seey kaataa jaa sakata haye, jaise kii iliac crest seey, yaa adhik samanya roop seey maukhik aur maxillofacial sergery mein, mandibular symphysis (thhodi kshetra) yaa purvakaal mandibular raymus (coronoid prakriya) seey; yeh vishesh roop seey "block graft" key liye sach haye, jisamen huddy key ack chhote seey block koo graft kiye jaa rahey kshetra mein puuraa rakhaa jaataa haye. jaba ack block graft kiya jaayega, tou autogenous huddy sabse adhik pasand kii jaati haye kyonki graft asweekriti kaa jokhim cumm hotaa haye kyonki graft rogi key apane shareer seey utpann hotaa haye. jaisa kii oopar diye gaye chart mein bataaya gayaa haye, iss tarah kaa kalam austionductive aur austiogenic key saath-saath austioconductive bhee hoga. autologous graft kaa ack nakaratmak pahalu yeh haye kii ack atirikt shalya chikitsa sthal kii aavashyakta hoti haye, joe prabhaavi roop seey shalya chikitsa key baad key dard aur jatilataon key liye ack aur sambhaavit sthaan jodata haye.
autologous huddy koo aam taur parr antah-maukhik sroton seey thhodi yaa atirikt-maukhik sroton key roop mein iliac crest, faibula, pasaliyon, mandible aur yahaan taka kii khopadi key hisson key roop mein kaataa jaataa haye.
pratyaropan sthal parr sabhi haddiyon koo rakt kii aapoorti kii aavashyakta hoti haye. pratyaropan sthal aur kalam key aakar key aadhar parr, ack atirikt rakt aapoorti kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye. iss prakaar key graft key liye, daataa kii huddy key saath periostium key hisse aur rakt vaahikaon key saath nishkarshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. iss prakaar key kalam koo mahatvapurna huddy kalam key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
ack autographt koo thhos huddy kii sanrachana key binaa bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, udaaharan key liye, poorvavarti uchchatar iliac reedh seey remaid huddy kaa upayog karna. iss mamle mein, ack austionductive aur austiogenic kriya hoti haye, haalaanki, koee austionductive kriya naheen hoti haye, kyonki koee thhos huddy sanrachana naheen hoti haye.
thhodi badee matra mein cortico-cancillus autographt aur sabhi intraoral saiton key beach aasaan pahunch pradaan karati haye. ise baahari rogi key aadhar parr sthaaniya sangyaaharan key tahat karyalaya kii vyavastha mein aasaani seey kaataa jaa sakata haye. daataa aur praaptakarta sthalon kii nikatata sanchaalan key samay aur laagat koo cumm karati haye. shalya chikitsa kii suvidhajanak pahunch, cumm rugnata, aspatal mein rahane kaa unmoolan, daataa sthal parr nyuntam asuvidha aur twacha key nishan seey bachana atirikt laabh hain.
dentin graft.
daanton seey bunny daant kii huddy, daant kii sanrachana kaa 85 pratishat seey adhik hissa daant kii huddy seey banaa hotaa haye, tamchini mein hectare khanij hotaa haye aur daant kii sanrachana kaa 10 pratishat hotaa haye. dentin apani rasayanik sanrachana mein huddy key samaan haye, aayatan key hisab seey 70-75% hectare khanij haye aur 20 pratishat carbonic matricks haye, jyaadaatar reshedar prakaar I collegen. huddy kii tarah, dentin, austioclast dwara punah avashoshit kiye jaane key dauran vikas aur vibhedak karakon koo chhod sakata haye.
dentin graft koo upayog karane yogya aur bacteria mukt banaane key liye kuchh companiyon ney naidaanik prakriyaaen vikasit kii hain jinamen tatkaal yaa bhavishya mein upayog key liye daanton koo peesana, chhantana aur saaf karna shamil haye.
koria mein, koria tooth baink ney janwari 2009 seey octuber 2012 taka 38,000 rogiyon key apane daanton kaa jaiv-punarchakran kiya.
allograft.
allographt huddy, autogenous huddy kii tarah, manushyon seey praapt hoti haye; antar yeh haye kii allographt koo praapt karane vaale key alawa kissy anya vyakti seey praapt kiya jaataa haye. allographt huddy koo una shavon seey liya jaa sakata haye jinhone apani huddy daan kii haye taaki iska upayog una jeevit logon key liye kiya jaa sakey jinhen isaki aavashyakta haye; yeh aamtaur parr huddy key baink seey praapt kiya jaataa haye. huddy key baink "jeevit" maanav huddy daataon (aamtaur parr aspatal key rogiyon) seey praapt allographt huddy kii aapoorti bhee karate hain joe vaikalpik kull koolhe kii arthroplasty (kull koolhe pratisthaapan sergery) seey gujar rahey hain. kull koolhe key pratisthaapan key dauran, huddy roga sarjan kritrim koolhe key kritrim anga koo daalane kii prakriya key ack aavashyak hisse key roop mein rogi key femoral sir koo hataa detaa haye. femoral haid huddy kaa ack motey taur parr golakar kshetra haye, joe feimer key nikatvarti chhor parr sthit haye, jiska vyaas vayask manushyon mein 45 mimi seey 56 mimi haye. shalya chikitsa prakriya key anta mein rogi key femoral sir koo aksar aspatal key kachare mein fenk diyaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, yadi koee rogi kaee sakht niyaamak, chikitsa aur samajik itihas maandandon koo puuraa kartaa haye, aur soochit sahamati pradaan kartaa haye, tou uska femoral sir aspatal key huddy key baink mein jamaa kiya jaa sakata haye.
teen prakaar key asthi allographt upalabdh hainh
alloplastic graft.
alloplastic grafts hydroxypatite seey banaae jaa sakate hain, joe ack praakritik roop seey paaya jaane vaalaa khanij haye joe huddy kaa mukhya khanij ghatak bhee haye. way jaiv sakriya kaanch seey banaae jaa sakate hain.
hydroxylapetite ack synthetic huddy kalam haye, joe abb apane austioconduction, kathorta aur huddy dwara sweekaryata key kaaran anya synthetic mein sabse adhik upayog kiya jaataa haye. trichylcium phosphat joe abb hydroxylapetite key saath sanyojan mein upayog kiya jaataa haye, iss prakaar austioconduction aur punarshoshan donon prabhaav detaa haye. polymer jaise kii pee. aim. aim. aeye. key kuchh microporus grade aur vibhinn anya accrylate (jaise polyhydroxylathytrathylmathy urf fema), joe asanjan key liye calcium hydroxide seey lepit hotey hain, kaa upayog sankraman key unake avrodh aur unake yaantrik lachilaapan aur jaiv sangatata key liye alloplastic graft key roop mein bhee kiya jaataa haye. coralina officinalis jaise calcifying samudri shaiwal mein ack fluorohydroxypatic sanrachana hoti haye jisaki sanrachana maanav huddy key samaan hoti haye aur dheere-dheere avashoshan pradaan karati haye, iss prakaar ise "aff. aeye. aich. aeye. (floro-hydroxy-patitic) biomaterial" alloplastic huddy graft key roop mein maanaa aur maankeekrit kiya jaataa haye.
synthetic roop.
kritrim huddy koo calcium phosphat jaise cheeni mitty seey banaaya jaa sakata haye.jee. hydroxypatite aur trichylcium phosphat), bioglass aur calcium sulfate; yeye sabhi shaaririk vatavaran mein ghulansheelata key aadhar parr vibhinn degree taka javic roop seey sakriya hain. inn padarthon koo vikas karakon, jaise kii strontium key saath dope kiya jaa sakata haye yaa javic gatividhi koo badhaane key liye asthi majja aspirate key saath milaaya jaa sakata haye. kuchh lekhakon kaa maanana haye kii yeh vidhi autogenous huddy kalam banaane seey cumm haye, halanki kalam key sankraman aur asweekriti kaa khatra bahut cumm haye, aur yantriya guna jaise kii yuva mapank huddy key barabar hain. strontium jaise tatvon kii upasthiti key parinamswarup huddy khanij ghanatva adhik hoe sakata haye aur vivo mein austioblast kaa prasaar badh sakata haye.
asthaayi spacer.
ack synthetic samagri kaa upayog ack asthaayi antibiotic spacer key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye, isase pahale kii ise adhik sthaayi samagri dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaae. udaaharan key liye, "masquelet prakriya" mein shuru mein 4-12 hafton key liye ack antibiotic (vancomycin yaa gentamicin) key saath mishrit PMMA kaa upayog karna aur phir jagah koo ack autologous huddy graft seey badalana shamil haye. iska upayog aghaat key baad kii huddy key doshon key ilaaj key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
zenocraft.
huddy key genographt huddy key graft kaa ack vaikalpik roop haye jisamen vibhinn pashu prajaatiyon kii koshikaon koo manushyon mein pratyaaropit karna shamil haye. yeh kalam huddy roga seey laker dunt upayog taka hoe sakati haye. adhikansh zenographt gaay yaa suar jaise gojaatiya sroton seey praapt kiye jaate hain aur maanav ootak mein surakshit pratyaropan key liye nasbandi aur sansaadhit kiye jaate hain. inhen freeze karke sukhaaya yaa khanijayukt aur apaprotineekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. zenocraft aamtaur parr kewal ack calcified matricks key roop mein vitarit kiye jaate hain. madrepore aur yaa millepore prakaar key pravaalon kii kataai kii jaati haye aur unhein 'prawal vyutpann daane' (see. dee. jee.) aur anya prakaar key prawal jhenographt banane key liye upchaarit kiya jaataa haye. prawal adharit genographt mukhya roop seey calcium carbonate (aur fluoride kaa ack mahatvapurna anupaat, joe huddy key vikas koo badhaava dene key liye kalam key sandarbh mein upayogi haye) hotey hain, jabaki praakritik maanav huddy calcium phosphat aur carbonate key saath hydroxypatite seey bunny hoti haih prawal samagri yaa tou ack hydrothermal prakriya key madhyam seey audyogik roop seey hydroxypatite mein parivartit hoe jaati haye, jisase ack gair-avashoshit genographt praapt hotaa haye, yaa buss prakriya koo chhod diyaa jaataa haye aur praakritik huddy dwara kalam key behtar avashoshan key liye prawal samagri apani calcium carbonate sthiti mein rahati haye. prawal zenographt koo phir vriddhi badhaane vaale jail aur samadhanon key saath santript kiya jaataa haye.
swaasthya jokhim.
adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii zenocraft kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye, haalaanki asweekriti key jokhim key kaaran unaki bariki seey nigrani kii jaati haye. zoonosis, joe janwar aur maanav ootak key paar honey seey utpann honey vaali beemaariyaan hain, zenographt pratyaropan kii safalata key liye khatra paida karati hain. vishesh roop seey, inn beemariyon koo "zenozoonosis" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. unhein 3 alag-alag samoohon mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haih viral sankraman, prion-madhyasth sankraman aur jeevaanu sankraman. yadi unaki bariki seey nigrani naheen kii jaati haye tou unamen saarvajanik swaasthya jokhim paida karane kii kshamata hoti haye, kyonki way vibhinn prajaatiyon key madhyam seey beemariyon koo adhik aasaani seey pargamya banaa sakate hain.
vriddhi kaarak.
vriddhi kaarak vardhit graft kaa utpaadan punah sanyojak dee. aine. aeye. praudyogiki kaa upayog karke kiya jaataa haye. inmein yaa tou maanav vikas kaarak yaa morphogen (collegen jaise vaahak madhyam key sanyojan mein huddy morphogenic protein) hotey hain.
punarpraapti aur baad kii dekhbhal.
kissy vyakti koo thheek honey mein kitna samay lagata haye, yeh ilaaj kii jaa rahee chot kii gambhirta parr nirbhar kartaa haye aur dou saptah seey dou maheene taka rahata haye, jisamen chhah maheene taka jordar vyayam parr roque lagaane kii sambhavana hoti haye. door kii femoral huddy key kalam koo thheek honey mein chhah maheene taka kaa samay lagata haye.
upayog karein.
dunt pratyaropan.
huddy kalam kaa sabse aam upayog ack laapata daant key komal kshetra koo bahaal karane key liye dunt pratyaropan key anuprayog mein haye. dunt pratyaropan key liye samarthan aur munh mein uchit ekikaran key liye unake neeche kii haddiyon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. jaisa kii pahale ullekh kiya gayaa haye kii huddy key graft vibhinn roopon mein aatey hain jaise kii autologous (ack hii vyakti seey), allographt, zenographt (mukhya roop seey gojaatiya huddy), aur alplastic samagri. pratyaropan sthaan seey pahale yaa ack saath huddy key graft kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. joe loga lambe samay seey (binaa daanton key) chust hain, hoe sakata haye kii unaki huddy aavashyak sthaanon parr paryaapt naa bache. iss mamle mein, autologous huddy koo thhodi seey, pratyaropan key liye pilot chhed seey, yaa yahaan taka kii shroni key iliac crest seey bhee liya jaa sakata haye aur nae pratyaropan key neeche munh mein daala jaa sakata haye. vaikalpik roop seey, bahirjaagatik huddy kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haih zenographt sabse adhik upayog kiya jaataa haye, kyonki yeh samay key saath asadharan aayatan sthirata kaa laabh pradaan kartaa haye. allographt sabse achchi punarjanan gunavatta pradaan kartaa haye lekin isaki matra mein sthirata cumm hoti haye. aksar vibhinn prakaar key huddy key graft key mishran kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
samanya taur parr, huddy kii kalam kaa upayog yaa tou aine block (jaise thhodi yaa nichale jabade key aarohi raymus kshetra seey) yaa kanon seey kiya jaataa haye, taaki ise ack dosh key liye behtar tareeke seey anukoolit kiya jaa sakey.
dunt huddy kalam banaana ack vishesh maukhik shalya chikitsa prakriya haye jise khoye hue jabade kii huddy koo phir seey sthaapit karane key liye vikasit kiya gayaa haye. yeh nuksan phode key dunt sankraman, periodontal roga, aghaat yaa umr badhane kii praakritik prakriya kaa parinam hoe sakata haye. khoye hue huddy key ootak koo badalane aur huddy key praakritik vikas koo protsaahit karane key vibhinn kaaran hain, aur pratyek takneek jabade kii huddy key doshon koo alag-alag tareeke seey nipataati haye. huddy kalam banaane key karanon mein sinus samvardhan, saaket sanrakshan, riz samvardhan yaa punarjanan shamil hoe sakate hain. vartamaan mein masoodon kii bimari key ilaaj key liye huddy kalam kaa upayog karate samay autologous platelet sandrata (ootak punarjanan koo badhaava dene key liye vikas karakon vaale koshika key tukade) key upayog kaa samarthan karane vaale kuchh saboot hain.
reshedar shaft.
ack anya aam huddy kii kalam, joe dunt pratyaropan key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale kii tulanaa mein adhik mahatvapurna haye, reshedar shaft kii haye. fibular shaft key khand koo hataane key baad huddy kii kamee key saath pair parr daudane aur koodane jaisi samanya gatividhiyon kii anumati dee jaati haye. grafted, samvahani faibula kaa upayog angon kii lambi haddiyon mein kankal kii akhandata koo bahaal karane key liye kiya gayaa haye jisamen janmajaat huddy key dosh maujood hain aur aghaat yaa ghaatak tumour aakraman key baad huddy key hisson koo badalane key liye kiya gayaa haye. periostium aur poshak tatvon kii dhamani koo aam taur parr huddy key tukade seey hataa diyaa jaataa haye taaki nae mezban sthal mein pratyaaropit honey parr kalam jeevit rahey aur badhe. ack baar jaba pratyaaropit huddy apane nae sthaan parr surakshit hoe jaati haye tou yeh aam taur parr usa huddy koo rakt kii aapoorti bahaal karati haye jisamen ise jodaa gayaa haye.
anya.
huddy key kalam kaa upayog iss ummeed mein kiya jaataa haye kii doshpurna huddy thheek hoe jaayegi yaa bahut cumm yaa binaa kalam asweekriti key phir seey badhegi. huddy kalam key mukhya upayog key alawa-dunt pratyaropan-iss prakriya kaa upayog jodon koo jodane key liye kiya jaataa haye taaki andolan koo rokaa jaa sakey, tooty hui haddiyon kii marammat kii jaa sakey jinamen huddy kaa nuksan hotaa haye, aur tooty hui huddy kii marammat kii jaa sakey joe abhee taka thheek naheen hui haye. isake alawa, reedh kii huddy key sanlayan prakriyaon key samvardhan key liye huddy key graft yaa pratisthaapan kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye.
jokhim.
kissy bhee prakriya kii tarah, isamen bhee jokhim shamil hotey hain; inmein dawa key prati pratikriya, saans lene mein samasya, raktasraav aur sankraman shamil hain. sankraman 1 pratishat seey bhee cumm mamalon mein honey kii soochana haye aur iska ilaaj antibiotic davaaon seey kiya jaa sakata haye. kull milakar, pahale seey maujood bimari vaale rogiyon koo sankraman honey kaa adhik khatra hotaa haye, jabaki kull milakar swasth logon koo sankraman honey kaa adhik khatra hotaa haye.
iliac shikhar seey graft key liye jokhim.
daatri sthal key roop mein iliac crest koo niyojit karane vaale huddy key graft key kuchh sambhaavit jokhimon aur jatilataon mein shamil hainh
samanya roop seey pashch iliac shikhar seey nikaale gaye huddy key graft mein cumm rugnata hoti haye, lekin shalya chikitsa key prakaar key aadhar parr, rogi koo samanya sangyaaharan key tahat honey key dauran ack palat kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.
laagat.
huddy kalam prakriya mein kewal shalya chikitsa seey adhik shamil hain. graft extender key saath poorak ack jatil posterolateral lumber spine fusion bone graft kii kull teen maheene kii kull laagat lagbhag yuu. aiss. $33,860 seey laker yuu. aiss. $37,227 taka haye. iss keemat mein teen maheene key liye aspatal key ander aur baahar sabhi daure shamil hain. huddy kii kalam kii laagat key alawa (250 dollar seey laker 900 dollar taka) prakriya key liye anya kharchon mein shamil hainh baahya rogi punarvaas shulk (7,000 dollar key liye 5,000 dollar), shikanja aur chhad (7,500 dollar), kamra aur board (5,000 dollar), sanchaalan kaksh (3,500 dollar), sterile aapoorti (1,100 dollar), shaaririk chikitsa (1,000 dollar), sarjan kii shulk (ausatan 3,500 dollar), sangyaaharan shulk (lagbhag 350 dollar seey 400 dollar prati ghante), dawa shulk (1,000 dollar), aur chikitsa aapoorti, naidaanik prakriyaon, upkaran upayog shulk aadi jaisi sevaaon key liye atirikt shulk.

