
kutte kaa prashikshan

kutte kaa prashikshan ack prakaar kaa pashu prashikshan haye, vyavhaar vishleshan kaa anuprayog joe kutte key vyavhaar koo sanshodhit karane key liye poorvajon kii paryavaraniya ghatnaaon (ack vyavhaar key liye trigger) aur parinamon kaa upayog kartaa haye, yaa tou vishisht gatividhiyon mein sahaayata karane key liye yaa vishesh kaary karane key liye, yaa isake liye samkaaleen gharelu jeevan mein prabhaavi dhang seey bhaag lene key liye. jabaki vishisht bhoomikaon key liye kutton koo prashikshit karna cumm seey cumm roman samay seey haye, kutton koo sangat gharelu paltu janwar banane kaa prashikshan 1950 key dashak mein upnagariyakaran key saath vikasit huaa.
ack kutta apane paryaavaran key saath apani baatchit seey seekhata haye. yeh shaastriya anukoolan key madhyam seey hoe sakata haye, jahaan yeh dou uttejanaon key beach ack sambandh banaata haye; gair-sambaddh shiksha, jahaan isake vyavhaar koo aadat yaa samvedansheelta key madhyam seey sanshodhit kiya jaataa haye; aur sanchaalan anukoolan, jahaan yeh ack poorvavarti aur isake parinam key beach ack sambandh banaata haye.
adhikansh kaam karane vaale kutton koo abb puraskar-adharit tarikon kaa upayog karke prashikshit kiya jaataa haye, jise kabhi-kabhi sakaratmak sudridhikaran prashikshan key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. anya puraskar-adharit prashikshan vidhiyon mein clicker prashikshan, model-pratidvandi prashikshan aur sambandh-adharit prashikshan shamil hain. 
shiksha parr jore dene vaale prashikshan tarikon mein kohler vidhi, electronic (shock collar) prashikshan, prabhutva-adharit prashikshan aur santulit prashikshan shamil hain. sajaa kaa upayog kaee vyavhaarvaadiyon dwara sawal kiye gaye manavata aur prabhavsheelta donon key saath vivadaspad haye. isake alawa, kaee vaigyaanik adhyayanon mein paaya gayaa haye kii puraskar-adharit prashikshan, sajaa-adharit tarikon kii tulanaa mein kutte-malik key sambandh key liye adhik prabhaavi aur cumm hanikarak haye.
paribhasha.
kutte kaa prashikshan kutte koo vishesh kaushal yaa vyavhaar sikhaane kaa kaary haye. kutte key prashikshan mein kutte koo vishesh aadeshon aur sanketon parr pratikriya karane key saath-saath jaanboojhkar apane praakritik vyavhaar koo badalkar swatantra roop seey kaary karna sikhana shamil haye.
kutton koo khoj aur bachaav, pashudhan charaane, raksha, visfotak yaa nashili davaaon kaa pataa lagaane aur vikalangata sahaayata sahit badee sankhya mein vyaavhaarik karyon koo karane key liye prashikshit kiya gayaa haye. kutton koo saahcharya aur shooting sahaayata sahit manoranjak karyon koo karane key liye bhee prashikshit kiya gayaa haye.
kutte key prashikshan mein aamtaur parr janwar parr niyantran sthaapit karane key liye buniyaadi aagyakarita prashikshan shamil hotaa haye aur phir adhik unnat visheshagya prashikshan kii or badh sakata haye. buniyaadi aagyakarita prashikshan mein kutte koo padhaana shamil haih
itihas.
haalaanki kutte kaise seekhate hain aur antar-prajaati sanchaar mein shodh ney haal key dashakon mein kutte prashikshan key drishtikon koo badal diyaa haye, praarambhik prashikshakon aur vaigyaanikon kii bhoomika koo samajhane seey iss baat kii sarahana hoti haye kii vishesh tarikon aur takneekon kaa vikas kaise huaa.
1900 seey pahale.
lagbhag 127-116 b mein.see. ack roman kisan, marcus varro ney pashuon key paalan-poshan key liye pillon koo paalane aur prashikshit karane key baare mein salah darj kii. unake lekhan seey sanket milata haye kii naa kewal vishisht karyon key liye kutte kaa prashikshan achchi tarah seey sthaapit thaa, balki praarambhik prashikshan key moolya koo bhee pahachaana gayaa thaa.
1848 mein doubleu. aine. hutchinson ney apani pustak "dogg breakingh dha most speedicious, nishchit aur aasaan vidhi, chaahe vaha mahaan utkrishtata hoe yaa kewal ausat darje kii aavashyakta hoe, una logon key liye baadhaon aur anta key saath joe kutte aur bandook seey pyaar karate hain" prakaashit kii. mukhya roop seey shikaar karane vaale kutton jaise kii sanket dene vaale aur sett karane vaale kutton koo prashikshit karane seey sambandhit, yeh pustak puraskar-adharit prashikshan key ack roop kii vakaalat karati haye, una purushon parr tippani karati haye jinake paas "ack majboot haath aur dandit karane key liye ack kathin dill haye, lekin koee gussa naheen haye aur nirdesh dene key liye koee sir naheen haye" aur sujhaav detaa haye "hamesha apane gunon key prati dayalu rahein. usake doshon key prati thodaa andhaa rahein."vann aur dhaara" patrika key lekhak stephen hammond ney apani 1882 kii pustak "vyaavhaarik prashikshan" mein vakaalat kii kii shikaar karane vaale kutton kii sahee vyavhaar karane key liye prashansa kii jaae aur unhein maans seey puraskrit kiya jaae.
yuddh key varsh.
konrad ney germany mein pulis key kaam key liye kutton koo prashikshit karna shuru kiya, aur unhein berlin mein pulis kutton key liye raajya prajanan aur prashikshan pratishthaan kaa pradhaan niyukt kiya gayaa, jahan unhone seva karyon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala key liye kutton koo prashikshit karane mein mool shodh kiya. 1914 mein yuddh key shuru honey parr unhein yuddh key prayason koo aage badhaane key liye kutton key upayog koo vyavasthit karane aur nirdeshit karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. unhone dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran sashastr balon key kutton key liye prayogaatmak sansthaan kaa netritva kiya, aur baad mein german dogg farm chalaaya, joe kaam karane vaale kutton key prashikshan key liye ack kendra thaa, jisamen netrahinon key liye sahaayata kutte bhee shamil they. unhone pashu manovigyaan key liye german canine research society aur society key gathan mein agrani bhoomika nibhai. unake 1910 key prakaashan, "training doggah aeye manual" mein vaanchhit vyavhaaron koo prashikshit karane key liye shikaar abhiyaan jaise sahaj vyavhaar kaa upayog karane parr jore diyaa gayaa, majburi aur pralobhan key upayog kii vakaalat kii gaee, praathamik aur maadhyamik sudridhikaran key beach antar kiya gayaa, aur vyavhaar koo aakar dene, ack gatividhi key ghatakon koo shrinkhala mein rakhane aur samay puraskaron aur dund key mahatva kaa varnan kiya gayaa. pustak ney bee dwara aupchaarik roop seey rekhaankit kiye jaane seey lagbhag tees saal pahale operant conditioning key siddhanton kii samajh kaa pradarshan kiya.aff. jeevon key vyavhaar" mein skinner. jabaki 2001 key punarmudran key prakaashak chetavani dete hain kii kuchh "badhyakari pralobhan" jaise kii switch, spiked collar aur jabaran anupaalan aaj key paltu kutton key liye anaavashyak roop seey kathor hain, adhikansh tarikon key buniyaadi siddhant abhee bhee pulis aur sainya vyavasthaon mein upayog kiye jaate hain.
marian breland bellie ney anubhavjanya roop seey maanya aur maanviya pashu prashikshan vidhiyon koo vikasit karane aur unake vyaapak karyanvayan koo badhaava dene mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai. marian bee key tahat ack snaatak chhaatr thaa.aff. skinner. unake pahale pati keller breland bhee charmkaar key saath adhyayan karane aae they aur unhone unake saath sahyog kiya, bamon kaa margadarshan karane key liye kabootaron koo prashikshit kiya. brend ney pashu vyavhaar udyamon (aeye. bee. ee.) kii sthaapana karate hue sanchaalak prashikshan kii vaanijyik sambhaavanaon koo dekhaa. 1955 mein unhone "aaee" khola.kyu. chidiyaghar "ack prashikshan suvidha aur prashikshit jaanvaron key pradarshan donon key roop mein. way television vigyapanon mein prashikshit jaanvaron kaa upayog karane vaale pahale logon mein seey they, aur manoranjan key saath-saath nausena key liye dolphin aur whale koo prashikshit karane vaale pahale logon mein seey they. keller kii 1965 mein mrityu hoe gaee, aur 1976 mein marian ney bobb bellie seey shaadi kii, joe nausena key liye samudri standhari prashikshan key nideshak they. unhone door seey jaanvaron koo prashikshit karane key liye ack vatanukoolit sudridhikaran key roop mein clicker key upayog kaa beedaa uthaaya. ebe ney 140 seey adhik prajaatiyon key hajaaron jaanvaron koo prashikshit kiya. unake kaam mein ebe-prashikshit jaanvaron key press coverage key madhyam seey mahatvapurna saarvajanik pradarshan thaa, joe vyavhaar vishleshan aur sanchaalan anukoolan key siddhanton koo vyaapak darshakon key liye laaya.
ack austriyai vaigyaanik konrad lorenz, jinhen naitik anusandhaan kii neenv vikasit karane key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, ney apani pustakon, "maine meat dogg" aur "king soloman kii angoothi" key saath pashu vyavhaarvaad koo aur lokpriya banaaya. lorenz ney kahaa kii kutte koo sikhaane key liye teen aavashyak adesh theh "lait jaao" (jahan tum hoe vahaan raho), "tokri" (vahaan jaao) aur "aidee" (merey saath aao).
1935 mein, americi kenel club ney aagyakarita pareekshan shuru kiye, aur agale varshon mein lokpriya patrikaon ney ack prashikshit paltu kutte key honey key laabhon key baare mein aur ack shauk key roop mein kutte key prashikshan kii manoranjak sambhaavanaon key baare mein saarvajanik jagrukta badhaai. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, upnagariya jeevan kii badhati jatilataon ney maang kii kii ack paltu kutte kii apani suraksha aur usake malik kii suvidha key liye, kutte koo agyakari honah chaahiye. villium kohler ney california mein yuddh kutte prashikshan kendra mein pradhaan prashikshak key roop mein kaary kiya thaa, aur yuddh key baad orange empire dogg club key liye mukhya prashikshak bunn gaye-usa samay, sanyukt raajya america mein sabse badaa kutta club-kaee nasl clubon key liye prashikshak, aur walt disney studio key liye ack kutta prashikshak. 1962 mein kohler ney "kutte key prashikshan kii kohler vidhi" prakaashit kii, jisamen vaha "kutte key manovaigyanikon key prachaar" parr adharit "tidd-bitt prashikshan takneekon" kii atyadhik aalochana karate hain. kohler key liye jimmedaar prashikshan navacharon mein seey ack maukhik sanchaar kii poorna anupasthiti key saath ack lambi line kaa upayog haye joe kissy bhee patta prashikshan seey pahale dhyaan aakarshit karane kaa ack tarika haye. kohler ney jore dekar kahaa kii unaki prashikshan kakshaon mein pratibhagiyon ney patta jhatake aur fenk kii janjeeron sahit "jordar sudhaaron" kaa upayog kiya, yeh samajhaate hue kii asthaayi, pareshan karane vaale sudhaar kroor they kyonki way kutte key liye bhaavnaatmak gadbadi kaa kaaran baney. kohler key ack shishya, vikki hearn ney unake sudhaaron kii vyaapak aalochana parr tippani kii, iss spashteekaran key saath kii yeh pustak mein upayog kii gaee bhaavnaatmak roop seey bharee hui bhasha thee jisake kaaran kaee adalati mamle hue, aur pustak koo arizona mein kuchh samay key liye pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa. vivaad key bavjood, unaki mool vidhi kaee samkaaleen prashikshan pranaliyon kaa mool haye.
WWII key baad.
1950 key dashak mein blanch sonders poore yuu. aiss. mein yatra karate hue paltu kutte key prashikshan key kattar samarthak they.aiss. aagyakarita vargon koo badhaava denaa. kutte kii aagyakarita kii poori pustak" mein, unhone kahaa, "kutte apane kaary koo ack sukhad yaa aprasann parinam key saath jodkar seekhate hain. unhein anushaasit kiya jaanaa chaahiye jaba way galat karate hain, lekin jaba way sahee karate hain tou unhein puraskrit bhee kiya jaanaa chaahiye."nakaratmak sudridhikaran prakriyaon ney sonders kii vidhi mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, mukhya roop seey chok chain kaa jhataka. chhatron koo sikhaaya gayaa mantra thaa "adesh! jhunjhuni! prashansa!"unhone mahsoos kiya kii bhojan ack nirantar puraskar naheen honah chaahiye, lekin yeh kii ack samasya koo door karane key liye" "samay-samay parr ack chhoti see cheez" "kaa upayog karna sweekarya haye. sonders ney shayed sainya aur pulis prashikshan vidhiyon seey door jaanaa shuru curr diyaa, prashikshan mein achche vyavhaar key liye sudridhikaran key mahatva parr baar-baar jore dete hue-aaj upayog kiye jaane vaale sakaratmak prashikshan vidhiyon kii or ack kadam.
1965 mein, johnn paul scott aur johnn fuller ney pillon mein seekhane aur samajik vikas key liye mahatvapurna avadhiyon kii pehchaan kii, aur kutte key vyavhaar kaa ack aitihaasik adhyayan, "aanuvanshiki aur kutte key samajik vyavhaar" koo prakaashit kiya.
1980 kii television shrinkhala "prashikshan kutton koo lakadi key ghar key tareeke seey" ney barbara lakadi key ghar koo britten mein ack gharelu naam banaa diyaa, aur pahala antarrashtriya celebrity kutta prashikshak banaa diyaa. apane "noo badd dogs" darshan key liye jaani jaane vaali, woodhouse "burey maalikon" kii atyadhik aalochana karati thee, vishesh roop seey jinhen vaha "atyadhik bhavuk" key roop mein dekhti thee. unhone "kutton key manovishleshan" koo "bahut saaraa kachra" bataaya. unaki gair-murkhtapurna shally ney unhein ack popp-sanskriti icon banaa diyaa, jisamen unaki jordar "baithane" aur "walkies" key chillaane kii aavaaz lokpriya sthaaniya bhasha kaa hissa bunn gaee.
nyu sketch key bhikshu, joe cambridge, newyork mein german charvaahon key prajanankarta aur prashikshak they, ney 1978 mein "apane kutte kaa sabse achchha dost kaise banenh kutte key maalikon key liye ack prashikshan pustika" prakaashit kiya aur yeh tatkaal sabse adhik bikane vaalaa bunn gayaa. ack darshan kii vakaalat karane key bavjood kii "aapke kutte key saath samvaad aur karuna kii kunji samajh haye", unhone takraav key dund kaa samarthan kiya joe baad mein kaee kutton mein khatarnak roop seey aakramak pratikriyaon koo utpann karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa thaa.
1980 key dashak mein pashu chikitsak aur pashu vyavhaar visheshagya ian dunber ney paaya kii jaanvaron mein seekhane kii charam avadhi key sabooton key bavjood, kuchh kutte prashikshakon ney pillon key saath chhah maheene kii umr seey pahale kaam kiya thaa. dunbar ney "syrius dogg training" kii sthaapana kii, joe vishesh roop seey pillon key liye pahala off-leash prashikshan karyakram haye, joe chhah maheene seey cumm umr key kutton koo kaatane kaa nishedh, samajikta aur anya buniyaadi gharelu shishtachar sikhaane key mahatva parr jore detaa haye. dunber ney kaee kitaaben likhi hain, aur unhein pilla aur kutte key vyavhaar aur prashikshan parr apani antarrashtriya seminar prastutiyon aur puraskar vijeta video key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
1980 key dashak seey pahale, carren prior ack samudri-standhari prashikshak they jinhone dolphin koo padhaane aur samudri-standhari show vikasit karane key liye skinners operant siddhanton kaa upayog kiya. 1984 mein, unhone apani pustak, "dont shoot dha doggah dha nyu art off teaching aind training" prakaashit kii, joe aam janata key liye likhi gaee operant-conditioning prakriyaon kii vyakhya haye. prior pustak mein bataaya gayaa haye kii logon koo badalane key liye ack tareeke key roop mein sajaa aksar whiffle kyon hoe jaati haye, aur pati, bachchon aur paltu jaanvaron key vyavhaar koo badalane key liye vishisht sakaratmak tarikon kaa varnan kartaa haye. prior kii kutte prashikshan samagri aur sangoshthiyon ney dikhaaya kii achche vyavhaar key sakaratmak sudridhikaran key aadhar parr prashikshan pradaan karane key liye sanchaalan prakriyaon kaa upayog kaise kiya jaa sakata haye. prior aur gairi wilks ney 1992 aur 1993 mein sangoshthiyon kii ack shrinkhala key saath kutte prashikshakon key liye clicker prashikshan kii shuruat kii. wilks ney pratikoolata key saath-saath puraskaron kaa bhee upayog kiya, aur daarshanik matbhedon ney jald hii saajhedaari koo samaapt curr diyaa.
21veen sadee.
21veen sadee mein puraskar-adharit prashikshan koo apanaane mein naatakiya vriddhi dekhi gaee haye. pashu vyavhaar salaahkaaron kaa antarrashtriya sangh, kanada mein aeye. pee. dee. tii., bee. see. aiss. pee. see. aeye., aur britten mein kutton kaa vishvaas abb puraskar-adharit prashikshan parr jore detaa haye aur aeye. pee. dee. tii. yuu. key. aur paltu jaanvaron key peshevar sangh abb vishesh roop seey iss tarah key prashikshan kii vakaalat karate hain. pashu chikitsak bhee puraskar-adharit prashikshan kii vakaalat karane kii or rukh curr rahey hain, aur 2015 aaha canine aur billi vyavhaar prabandhan dishaanirdeshon mein dishanirdesh shamil hain joe bataate hain kii prashikshakon koo kewal sakaratmak tarikon kaa upayog karna chaahiye. 
21veen sadee mein, kaee deshon ney shock collar, prong collar aur chok collar jaise virodhi davaaon kaa upayog karke kutte key prashikshan vidhiyon parr pratibandh lagaane vaale kaanoon bhee apanaae hain. yahaan taka kii jahaan kanuni haye, prong aur chok collar key upayog key khilaf vakaalat karane vaale sangathanon mein shamil hainh cs, rspca yuke, rspca australia, rspca dakshin australia, rashtriya aashray manakon parr kanadai salaahkaar parishad, cvma, acvb, abtc, apdt yuke, aur apdt.
21veen sadee mein television karyakramon aur unake saath aaney vaali pustakon kaa prasaar dekhaa gayaa haye jinamen kutte key prashikshan aur punarvaas kii visheshta haye. "durbhagya seey, yadi kutte key malik kissy pustak seey paramarsh karane kaa nirnay lete hain, tou kuchh sabse lokpriya-aur sthaayi-kutte prashikshan pustakon mein galat jaankaari shamil haye.
21veen sadee key kutte prashikshan tv show joe mukhya roop seey manoranjan hain, unamen joel silverman kaa "good dogg yuu", seasure millen key saath dogg whisper, "itt ijj mee aur dha dogg" victoria stillwell kii visheshta haye ", underdog show," dogs inn dha city "aur" superfetch "shamil hain. paltu kutte prashikshakon kaa sangathan salah detaa haye kii television karyakram mukhya roop seey manoranjan key liye banaae jaate hain, aur jabaki sabhi karyakramon mein achche aur itane achche bindu naheen honge, darshak koo yeh taya karane seey pahale jaankaari kaa aalochanatmak mulyankan karna chaahiye kii kaun seey prashikshan yuktiyon koo apnana haye.
kutte kaise seekhate hain.
operant conditioning.
operant conditioning (yaa instrumental conditioning) seekhane kaa ack roop haye jisamen kissy vyakti key vyavhaar koo usake parinamon seey sanshodhit kiya jaataa haye. dou poorak preranaaen vaadya seekhane koo prerit karati hainh sakaratmak parinamon kaa adhikatamkaran aur pratikool parinamon kaa nyoonatamkaran. dou tareeke hain jinase vyavhaar koo prabalit yaa majboot kiya jaataa haih sakaratmak sudridhikaran taba hotaa haye jaba kissy vyavhaar koo kuchh vaanchhaniya parinam utpann karke majboot kiya jaataa haye; nakaratmak sudridhikaran taba hotaa haye jaba kissy vyavhaar koo kuchh avaanchhaniya parinam seey bachaakar majboot kiya jaataa haye. dou tareeke hain jinase vyavhaar cumm yaa kamjor hotaa haih nakaratmak sajaa taba hoti haye jaba koee vyavhaar ack majboot parinam paida naheen karke kamjor hoe jaataa haye; aur sakaratmak sajaa taba hoti haye jaba koee vyavhaar ack nirashajanak parinam utpann karke kamjor hoe jaataa haye. sanyojan mein, yeye buniyaadi sudridhikaran aur aakasmiktaon koo dandit karane vaale vyavhaar koo sanshodhit karane key chaar tareeke pradaan karate hain. sudridhikaran isake baad honey vaale vyavhaar kii saapeksh sambhavana yaa aavritti koo badhaata haye, jabaki sajaa isake baad honey vaale vyavhaar kii saapeksh sambhavana yaa aavritti koo cumm curr detee haye.
vishisht sakaratmak sudridhikaran ghatanaaen kuchh shaaririk yaa manovaigyaanik aavashyakta koo puuraa karengi, isaliye yeh bhojan, ack khel yaa sneh kaa pradarshan hoe sakata haye. alag-alag kutton koo alag-alag cheejen majboot lagengi. nakaratmak sudridhikaran taba hotaa haye jaba ack kutte koo pataa chalata haye kii ack vishesh pratikriya ack pratikool uttejana kii prastuti koo samaapt karati haye. ack pratikool vaha kuchh bhee haye joe kutte koo pasand naheen haye, jaise maukhik chetavani, yaa ack tanga chok chain.
dund koo vyaavhaarik roop seey ack aisee ghatana key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye joe usake baad honey vaale vyavhaar kii sambhavana koo cumm karati haye. yeh shabd key samanya arth mein "sajaa" naheen haye, aur iska arth shaaririk yaa manovaigyaanik nuksan naheen haye aur nishchit roop seey iska arth durvyavahar naheen haye. sajaa mein kewal ack avaanchhit parinam (sakaratmak sajaa) kii prastuti shamil haye jaba galat vyavhaar kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii patta kii ack snap, yaa galat vyavhaar kiye jaane parr ack vaanchhit parinam (nakaratmak sajaa) koo hataana, jaise kii prashikshak cheez khaata haye joe inam hotaa. ack vyavhaar joe pahale vikasit kiya gayaa haye, yadi sudridhikaran bund hoe jaataa haye tou bund hoe sakata haye; ise vilupt honah kahaa jaataa haye. ack kutta joe apane malik koo dhyaan dene key liye panjon parr rakhta haye, aggar usey abb dhyaan naheen milata haye tou vaha antatah rook jaayega.
shaastriya anukoolan.
shaastriya anukoolan (yaa pavlovian anukoolan) seekhane kaa ack roop haye jisamen ack uttejana, sashart uttejana, dusare uttejana, binaa shart uttejana kii ghatana kaa sanket dene key liye aatee haye. shaastriya anukoolan taba hotaa haye jaba ack kutta apane vatavaran mein cheejon koo jodana seekhata haye, yaa kuchh cheejon koo ack saath jaane kaa pataa lagaata haye. ack kutta garaj aur bijli key saath ack sambandh key madhyam seey barish seey darr sakata haye, yaa yeh malik dwara jooton kii ack vishesh jodee pahanane parr apana patta laker pratikriya curr sakata haye. shaastriya anukoolan kaa upayog kutte key prashikshan mein ack kutte koo ack vishesh uttejana key saath vishisht sambandh banaane mein madad karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey logon aur sthitiyon key darr parr kaaboo paane mein.
gair-sambaddh shiksha.
gair-sahayogi shiksha ack aise uttejana kii pratikriya mein ack parivartan haye jisamen prastut uttejana koo kissy anya uttejana yaa ghatana jaise puraskar yaa sajaa key saath jodana shamil naheen haye. aadat gair-sambaddh shiksha haye. ack udaaharan yeh haye kii ack kutta joe darwaaje kii ghanti parr utsaahpoorvak pratikriya kartaa haye, usey agantukon key saath aae binaa baar-baar bajaaya jaataa haye, aur vaha arthaheen uttejanaon parr pratikriya karna bund curr detaa haye. yeh shore kii aadat hoe jaati haye. aadat key doosari taraf samvedansheelta haye. kuchh kutton kii uttejanaon key prati pratikriyaaen baar-baar honey vaali uttejanaon yaa ghatnaaon key aadee honey key bajaay majboot hoe jaati hain. asamvedansheelta kissy vastu, vyakti yaa sthiti key saath sakaratmak anubhavon koo jodane kii prakriya haye joe bhaya yaa chinta kaa kaaran banati haye. puraskaron key sanyojan mein daravani vastu key lagaatar sampark mein rahane seey janwar cumm tanaavgrast hoe jaataa haye, jisase prakriya mein asamvedansheel hoe jaataa haye. iss prakaar kaa prashikshan una kutton key liye prabhaavi hoe sakata haye joe atishbaji seey darte hain.
seekha aprasangikta vaha haye jahan kutte joe ack uttejana yaa sanket key liye atyadhik ujagar hotey hain, way sanket koo seekhate hain kyonki sampark aprasangik saabit huaa haye. isaliye ack kutta malik joe lagaatar binaa kissy pratikriya yaa parinam key "baithen, baithen" kahata haye, anajaane mein kutte koo sanket koo andekha karna sikhaata haye.
seekhi hui asahaayata taba hoti haye jaba ack kutta aisee sthiti mein pratikriya karna bund curr detaa haye jahaan usake paas ack nakaratmak ghatana seey bachane kaa koee vikalp naheen hotaa haye. seekhane kii asahaayata honey key liye, ghatana dardanaak aur kutte key niyantran seey baahar donon honey chaahiye. parivaar key kutte joe apratyaashit yaa aniyantrit sajaa key sampark mein aatey hain, unhein seekhane kii asahaayata vikaar seey judee gadbadi vikasit honey kaa khatra hotaa haye. sajaa joe pehchaan yogya parihar sanketon yaa pratikriya vikalpon key saath kharaab samanvayit haye, jaise kii jaba sajaa ghatana key lambe samay baad hoti haye, tou apariharya aghaat key maandandon koo puuraa karati haye.
avalokanaatmak shiksha.
avalokanaatmak shiksha vaha shiksha haye joe dusaron key vyavhaar koo dekhane key madhyam seey hoti haye. seekhane key iss roop koo honey key liye sudridhikaran kii aavashyakta naheen haye; isake bajaay, ack model janwar kii aavashyakta haye. jabaki model jaanboojhkar kissy vishesh vyavhaar koo sthaapit karane kii koshish naheen curr rhaa hoe sakata haye, kaee vyavhaar joe dekhe jaate hain unhein yaad kiya jaataa haye aur unakaa anukaran kiya jaataa haye. gharelu kutta ack samajik prajaati haye aur isaki samajik nirbharta ise dusaron key vyavhaar key baare mein jagrook karati haye, joe isake apane vyavhaar aur seekhane kii kshamataon mein yogdan detee haye. haalaanki, iss baare mein charcha chala rahee haye kii kutte ack-dusare key saath aur logon key saath baatchit karke kitna aur kaise seekh sakate hain.
avalokan sambandhi shiksha" shabd mein kaee nikatata seey sambandhit avadhaaranaaen shamil hainh alelomimatic vyavhaar yaa nakal karna jahaan, udaaharan key liye, pille apani tarah key dusaron kaa anusaran karate hain yaa unaki nakal karate hain; samajik suvidha jahaan kissy anya kutte kii upasthiti seey vyavhaar kii teevrata mein vriddhi hoti haye; aur sthaaniya vriddhi jisamen samajik suvidha, nakal aur pareekshan-aur-truti seekhane key tukade shamil hain, lekin yeh vaastavik avalokan sambandhi shiksha seey alag haye jisamen kutta anya kutte yaa anya paryavaraniya sanketon kii upasthiti mein vyavhaar mein sakriya roop seey bhaag letaa haye. avalokan sambandhi seekhane key liye chaar aavashyak shartein hainh dhyaan, pratidhaaran, prerana aur utpaadan. yaani, kutte koo model kiye gaye vyavhaar koo karane vaale kutte yaa vyakti parr dhyaan denaa chaahiye; avalokan key dauran vyavhaar key baare mein ekatra kii gaee jaankaari koo banaae rakhna chaahiye; mool seey hataae gaye samay aur sthaan parr vyavhaar koo punah utpann karane key liye prerit honah chaahiye; aur anta mein, vyavhaar, yaa usake kuchh uchit pratiroop kaa utpaadan karna chaahiye.
9-12 saptah kii ayu key beach key pille jinhen kaam parr apani maadak padarthon kaa pataa lagaane vaali maataon kaa nireekshan karane kii anumati dee gaee thee, way aam taur parr usee umr key niyantrit pillon kii tulanaa mein chhah maheene kii umr mein samaan kaushal seekhane mein adhik saksham saabit hue jinhen pahale apani maataon koo kaam karate hue dekhane kii anumati naheen thee. 2001 key ack adhyayan mein chakkar parikshanon mein kutton key vyavhaar koo darj kiya gayaa, jisamen ack pasandida khilauna yaa bhojan koo vee-aakar kii baad key peechhe rakhaa gayaa thaa. manushyon dwara chakkar lagaane key pradarshan seey parikshanon mein kutton key pradarshan mein kaafee sudhaar huaa. prayogon seey pataa chalaa kii kutte kissy nae kaary kaa saamana karane parr maanav kriya dwara pradaan kii gaee jaankaari parr bharosa karane mein saksham hotey hain. mahatvapurna roop seey, unhone maanav pradarshak key sateek maarg kii nakal naheen kii, lekin apane lakshya taka pahunchane key liye manushyon dwara dikhaae gaye chakkar vyavhaar koo apanaaya. adler aur adler dwara 1977 mein kiye gaye ack prayog mein paaya gayaa kii joe pille anya pillon koo ack sanlagn ribbon seey apane pinjaron mein ack khaadya gaadi kheenchana seekhate hain, way baad mein khud koo avsar dene parr iss kaary mein kaafee teji seey saabit hue. 38 dinon kii umr mein, "pradarshak" pillon koo safal honey mein ausatan 697 sekand kaa samay lagaa, jabaki paryavekshak ausatan 9 sekand mein safal hue.
sangyanatmak shiksha.
kutte sangyanatmak seekhane mein saksham hotey hain, joe operant aur classical conditioning jaise conditioning tarikon seey alag haye. sangyanatmak shiksha ack aisee prakriya haye jisamen kutte uttejanaon key liye sashart pratikriyaon koo vikasit karane key bajaay jaankaari praapt karate hain aur sansaadhit karate hain.
kutton mein sangyanatmak seekhane kaa ack udaaharan niyantrit shodh vatavaran mein chaser aur rico dwara pradarshit twarit maanchitran anumaanit tark haye. rico aur chaser donon ney binaa kissy anukoolan key vastuon key naamon kaa anuman lagaane aur unhein anishchit kaal taka yaad rakhane kii kshamata kaa pradarshan kiya.
prashikshan key tareeke.
sakaratmak sudridhikaran.
sakaratmak sudridhikaran prashikshan koo maanviya prashikshan, bull-mukt prashikshan aur puraskar-adharit prashikshan key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. sakaratmak sudridhikaran prashikshan vaanchhit vyavhaar koo majboot karane key liye puraskaron key upayog koo niyojit kartaa haye. avaanchhit vyavhaar key liye, yeh prashikshan vidhi chaar anya takneekon kaa upayog karati haih vilupt honah (vyavhaar koo apane aap jaane denaa); ack asangat vyavhaar koo prashikshit karna; vyavhaar koo sanket parr rakhna (phir lagbhag kabhi sanket naheen denaa); vyavhaar kii anupasthiti koo aakar denaa (harr usa cheej koo majboot karna joe avaanchhit vyavhaar naheen haye); yaa paryaavaran/prerana koo badalana. yeh thorandike key prabhaav key niyam parr adharit haye, joe kahata haye kii joe kaary puraskar utpann karate hain, way aavritti mein badh jaate hain aur joe kaary puraskar naheen dete hain, way aavritti mein kamee karate hain.
sakaratmak sudridhikaran (prerak) prashikshan kii jadein samudri standhari prashikshan mein hain, jahaan majburi aur sudhaar donon kathin aur khatarnak hain. sakaratmak sudridhikaran prashikshan key liye kutte koo vyavhaar key liye milane vaale puraskaron koo niyantrit karane key liye samay aur dhairya kii aavashyakta hoti haye, lekin iska koee dushprabhaav naheen hotaa haye (jaise kii bhaya yaa aakraamakta).
gilhariyon koo uchhaalane yaa unakaa peechha karane jaisi kuchh gatividhiyaan aantarik roop seey fayademand hoti hain, gatividhi apana swayam kaa inam haye, aur kuchh gatividhiyon key saath paryaavaran sudridhikaran pradaan curr sakata haye jaise kii jaba buggle key kutte kii pratikriya bhaunkane koo protsaahit karati haye. iss tarah key aatm-puraskrit vyavhaar koo badalane key liye, kyonki sajaa "darr aur aakraamakta jaise samasyagrast vyavhaar" jaise dushprabhavon key saath aatee haye aur inn mamalon mein vilupt honah kaam naheen kartaa haye, sakaratmak prashikshak yaa tou ack vaikalpik asangat vyavhaar koo prashikshit karenge, vipareet vyavhaar koo prashikshit karenge (aur phir iska sanket naheen denge), yaa paryaavaran koo badal denge.
vigyapanon, tv show aur filmon key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale sabhi jaanvaron koo sakaratmak sudridhikaran key saath prashikshit kiya jaataa haye..
khoj aur bachaav kutton key adhikansh prashikshak sakaratmak sudridhikaran kaa upayog karna pasand karate hain aur adhikansh kaam karane vaale kutton koo abb puraskar-adharit tarikon kaa upayog karke prashikshit kiya jaataa haye. inmein pulis kutte, sainya kutte, guide kutte aur nashili davaaon kaa pataa lagaane vaale kutte shamil hain. 
sakaratmak sudridhikaran vidhiyon key liye sainya kutte key prashikshan kii gati aanshik roop seey isaliye haye kyonki pratikool vidhiyaan "sainya kaam karane vaale kutton mein bhaya yaa sankat aur kharaab pradarshan" kaa kaaran banati hain. sakaratmak sudridhikaran key saath prashikshit sainya kutton ney aatmavishvaas aur samagr pradarshan mein vriddhi kaa pradarshan kiya.
clicker prashikshan.
clicker prashikshan ack prakaar kaa sakaratmak sudridhikaran prashikshan haye. sabhi sakaratmak sudridhikaran prashikshan kii tarah, clicker prashikshan operant conditioning parr adharit haye, lekin yeh vishesh roop seey ack marker aur brij key roop mein ack clicker upkaran kaa upayog kartaa haye. clicker prashikshan koo marker prashikshan key roop mein bhee sandarbhit kiya jaa sakata haye. pranali ack marker/signal aur ack pull donon key roop mein dwiteeyak sudridhikaran (clicker) kaa upayog karati haye, taaki janwar koo pataa chaley kii usane vaanchhit vyavhaar koo sahee dhang seey kiya haye aur isaliye ack inam aaa rhaa haye, aur anajaane mein ack aur vyavhaar koo majboot (puraskrit) karane seey bachane key liye joe vaanchhit vyavhaar honey key baad hoe sakata haye lekin sudridhikaran karane vaale key vitarit honey seey pahale hoe sakata haye. praathamik sudridhikaran way sudridhikaran hain joe jeevan key liye aavashyak hain, jaise kii bhojan. dwiteeyak sudridhikaran way cheejen hain jinka anand prashikshit janwar leey rhaa haye lekin joe jeevan key liye aavashyak naheen hain, jaise khilaune, prashansa aadi. clicker' shabd ack chhote seey dhaatu cricket seey aaya haye joe ack bachche key khilaune seey anukoolit haye jiska upayog prashikshak vaanchhit vyavhaar koo sateek roop seey chihnit karane key liye kartaa haye. sakaratmak sudridhikaran prashikshak joe clickers kaa upayog naheen karate hain, way abhee bhee aamtaur parr kissy prakaar key marker kaa upayog karate hain, jaise kii ct, ack shabd, yaa yahaan taka kii ack prakaash koo maadhyamik sudridhikaran key roop mein, joe ack baar janwar koo pataa chalane key baad "conditioned" hoe jaataa haye kii uska aagaman ack praathamik sudridhikaran arjit karane key avsar kaa sanket detaa haye. prashikshak shore yaa sanket key baad ack praathamik sudridhikaran pradaan kartaa haye, jaise kii upchaar. 
clicker prashikshan (aur samanya roop seey sakaratmak sudridhikaran prashikshan) key alochakon kaa daavaa haye kii yeh atee-nyaayyata prabhaav key liye pravan haye, halanki yeh ack shabd haye jiska upayog manushyon key sandarbh mein kiya jaataa haye, naa kii pashu prashikshan key sandarbh mein. yahee kaaran haye kii (iss prabhaav koo rokane key liye) prashikshakon key liye yeh maanak abhyaas nimnalikhit kartaa haih sudridhikaran key ack nishchit anupaat key saath praarambhik prashikshan puuraa honey key baad, puraskar anupaat koo ack parivartaniya anupaat mein badal diyaa jaataa haye, joe atyant lachila vyavhaar paida kartaa haye.
clicker prashikshan itna sateek haye kii iska upayog vyavhaar koo "aakar" dene key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. nae prashikshakon ney click karane vaalon key saath sambhav sateekta kaa upayog takneekon koo pesh karane key liye kiya haye joe kutte shaanti seey dhyaan kendrit karate hain, jaise "usa khel koo dekhein" aur "shaant karane key liye click karein".
model-pratidvandi prashikshan.
samajik shiksha key siddhanton key aadhar parr, model-pratidvandi prashikshan vaanchhit vyavhaar koo pradarshit karane key liye ack model, yaa dhyaan key liye ack pratidvandi kaa upayog kartaa haye. iss vidhi kaa upayog iren paperberg dwara alex koo african gray tote koo badee sankhya mein vastuon koo label karane key liye prashikshit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. mckinley aur young ney gharelu kutton key prashikshan key liye model-pratidvandi vidhi key ack sanshodhit sanskaran kii prayojyata parr ack pilot adhyayan kiya, yeh dekhate hue kii kutte kii utpatti badey aur jatil samajik samoohon key sadasya key roop mein avalokan seekhane koo badhaava detee haye. model-pratidvandi prashikshan mein prashikshak, kutte aur ack model-pratidvandi key roop mein kaary karane vaale vyakti key beach ack baatchit shamil thee, joe kii vaanchhit vyavhaar key liye ack model aur prashikshak key dhyaan key liye ack pratidvandi haye. kutte koo dekhate hue, prashikshak aur model-pratidvandi key beach ack vishesh khilaune key baare mein baatchit shuru hui. prashikshak ney model-pratidvandi kii prashansa kii yaa daant dee, yeh iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii kyaa model-pratidvandi ney khilaune kaa naam sahee rakhaa thaa. yeh paaya gayaa kii kaary koo puuraa karane key liye pradarshan kaa samay yaa tou operant conditioning yaa model pratidvandi vidhi key saath prashikshit kutton key liye samaan thaa. isake alawa, kaary puuraa karane key liye aavashyak kull prashikshan samay donon tarikon key liye tulaniya thaa.
nepsigity kutyaskola naamak ack hangerian kutta prashikshan samooh model-pratidvandi prashikshan kii ack vividhata kaa upayog kartaa haye jise way darpan vidhi key roop mein varnit karate hain. darpan vidhi darshan yeh haye kii kutte apane samajik kshetra mein dusaron key udaaharan kaa paalan karke sahaj roop seey seekhate hain. karyakram kaa mool malik key jeevan key sabhi pahaluon mein kutte koo shamil karna aur nakal vyavhaar key sakaratmak sudridhikaran haye. darpan vidhi kutte kaa prashikshan kutte key khilaf kaam karane key bajaay usaki praakritik pravritti aur jhukaav kaa upayog karane parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
sambandh adharit prashikshan.
sambandh-adharit prashikshan prateekaatmak antahkriya key vichaaron parr adharit haye. yeh drishtikon kutton aur unake prashikshakon key samvaad karane, ack-dusare koo samajhane aur aavashyak parivartan karane key tarikon kaa laabh uthaata haye. unake beach ack sakaratmak sambandh banaane key liye, vidhi aise parinam praapt karane key liye nirdhaarit karati haye joe kutte aur prashikshak donon koo labhanvit karate hain, saath hii saath unake sambandhon koo badhaate aur majboot karate hain. buniyaadi siddhanton mein yeh sunishchit karna shamil haye kii ack prashikshan satra shuru karane seey pahale kutte kii buniyaadi jarooraton koo puuraa kiya gayaa haye, yeh pataa lagaana kii kutte koo kyaa prerit kartaa haye aur vyavhaar koo ujagar karane key liye iska upayog karna, kutte aur prashikshak key beach sanchaar mein sudhaar key liye kutte kii shaaririk bhasha kii vyakhya karna, vaanchhit vyavhaar koo protsaahit karane key liye sakaratmak sudridhikaran kaa upayog karna, avaanchhit vyavhaar koo badalane key liye asangat vyavhaar koo prashikshit karna, aur avaanchhit vyavhaar kii sambhavana koo seemit karane key liye kutte key vatavaran koo niyantrit karna. kutte key prashikshan key liye ack sambandh-adharit drishtikon aavashyak roop seey vishesh prashikshan sahaayata yaa upchaar key upayog parr nirbhar naheen haye, lekin yeh maanata haye kii kutte aur prashikshak key beach sambandh prashikshan lakshyon koo praapt karane key liye paryaapt roop seey shaktishali haye.
kohler vidhi.
kohler vidhi kutton koo prashikshit karane key liye mukhya roop seey sajaa aur nakaratmak sudridhikaran (ack pratikool koo hataane) kaa upayog karati haye. 1962 kii pustak, "kohler vidhi kutte key prashikshan", varg aur niji donon prashikshan praarupon mein padhaae jaane vaale tareeke kaa aadhar haye. vidhi iss darshan parr adharit haye kii ack kutta apane karyon koo chunane key apane adhikaar parr kaary kartaa haye aur ack kutte kaa seekha huaa vyavhaar usake apane seekhane key anubhav key aadhar parr pasand kaa ack kaary haye. jaba way vikalp puraskar kii apeksha seey prabhaavit hotey hain, tou vyavhaar koo dohraya jaane kii sabse adhik sambhavana hoti haye (halanki kohler vidhi bahut cumm puraskaron kaa upayog karati haye). jaba kutte kii pasand sajaa kii pratyasha seey prabhaavit hoti haye, tou way bund hoe jaayenge. ack baar jaba kutte koo pataa chala jaataa haye kii usake vikalpon key parinamswarup aaraam yaa asuvidha hoti haye tou usey sahee nirnay lena sikhaaya jaa sakata haye. 
kohler vidhi mein, ack udaaharan kutte koo letna sikhana haye. prashikshak kutte key agale pairon koo aage kheenchata haye aur usaki peeth parr neeche dhakelata haye. ack baar jaba kutta jameen parr hotaa haye, tou prashikshak prashansa kartaa haye. kaee baar aisaa karane key baad, kutte koo pataa chalata haye kii prashikshak chaahata haye kii vaha khud hii lait jaae. usa samay, kutta turant aagya naheen maanata haye, prashikshak teji seey chok collar koo kheenchata haye.
kriya-smriti-ichcha vidhi dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale seekhane key pattern koo samaahit karati haye; kutta kaary kartaa haye, parinamon koo yaad kartaa haye, aur una parinamon koo doharaane yaa unase bachane kii ichcha banaata haye. anuyaayiyon kaa maanana haye kii ack baar vyavhaar koo sahee dhang seey sikhaaya jaane key baad, ise kiya jaanaa chaahiye, iss prakaar kissy bhee dandaatmak sudhaar koo nishpaksh, uchit aur apekshit banaaya jaanaa chaahiye. 
jabaki kohler vidhi kaa upayog 1962 seey kiya jaa rhaa haye, pustak mein varnit kuchh (yaa sabhi) dund prakriyaon koo abb kaee prashikshakon dwara aavashyak, maanviya yaa upayukt naheen maanaa jaataa haye. inn dandakon mein ack fenk kii shrinkhala kaa upayog (kutte koo aashcharyachakit karane key liye peechhe kii or ack tej hitt lagaana, binaa yeh jaane kii unhein kisane maaraa), bijli key jhatake, slingshots aur kutte koo jameen seey latkaanaa shamil haye.
shock collar (electronic prashikshan).
electronic prashikshan mein ack electronic upkaran kaa upayog ack pratikool, aamtaur parr shock collar key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. iss prakaar key kutte key collar koo prashikshak key vivek parr door seey trigger kiya jaa sakata haye, yaa bhaunkane yaa baad lagaane seey trigger kiya jaa sakata haye joe ack kutte key dafan taar koo paar karane parr sakriya hoe jaataa haye. electronic prashikshan kaa sabse aam roop shock collar haye, halanki aise collar bhee hain joe compan, tone yaa taral key spray kaa upayog karate hain, aamtaur parr citronella jaba trigger hotaa haye. kutton koo prashikshit karane key liye vidyut aghaat virodhi (aghaat collar) kaa upayog kaafee vivaad kaa vishay haye. kaee europeeya desh shock collar koo pashu krurta key roop mein dekhate hain aur unake upayog parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa haye. samarthakon kaa daavaa haye kii shock collar kaa upayog doori parr prashikshan aur aatm-puraskar vyavhaar koo samaapt karane kii kshamata kii anumati detaa haye, aur yeh ingit kartaa haye kii thheek seey upayog kiye jaane parr, unhein yaantrik upkaranon kii tulanaa mein tanaav aur chot kaa cumm jokhim hotaa haye, jaise kii chok collar (kuchh deshon mein avaidh) yaa prong collar (kaee deshon mein prong collar bhee avaidh hain). sadame key collar key virodhi galat yaa apmaanjanak upayog seey judey shaaririk aur manovaigyaanik aghaat key jokhimon kaa hawala dete hain. 
satrah sahakarmi-sameeksha adhyayanon kii 2017 kii metaa-sameeksha mein paaya gayaa kii, sahee tareeke seey upayog kiye jaane parr bhee, parinam bataate hain kii pratikool prashikshan vidhiyon kaa upayog karna (jaise.jee.sakaratmak sajaa aur nakaratmak sudridhikaran) kutton key shaaririk aur mansik swaasthya donon koo khatare mein daal sakata haye..
satrah adhyayanon mein seey teen kaa saransh yahaan diyaa gayaa haih
2007 key ack adhyayan mein, prayogshala mein paida kiye gaye beagle koo teen samoohon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. samooh aeye koo ack bijli kaa jhataka lagaa jaba kutton ney shikaar koo chhuaa (ack gati upkaran parr ack khargosh kii nakali). samooh aich koo taba jhataka lagaa jaba unhone shikaar key dauran pahale seey prashikshit ricaul kamaand kaa paalan naheen kiya. samooh aar mein kutton koo manmaane dhang seey bijli kaa jhataka lagaa, i.ee. sadame koo apratyaashit roop seey aur sandarbh seey baahar prashaasit kiya gayaa thaa. samooh aeye ney tanaav-sanketak laar courtisol key star mein mahatvapurna vriddhi naheen dikhaai, jabaki samooh aar aur samooh aich ney mahatvapurna vriddhi dikhaai. isase yeh nishkarsh nikla kii joe janwar vidyut uttejana koo apani kriya key saath spasht roop seey jodane mein saksham they, i.ee. shikaar koo chhoone seey, aur parinamswarup tanaav kaa purvanuman lagaane aur niyantrit karane mein saksham they, kaafee yaa lagaatar tanaav sanketak naheen dikhaa sakey, jabaki joe janwar sadame seey bachane key liye sthiti koo niyantrit karane mein saksham naheen they, unhone mahatvapurna tanaav dikhaaya. 2017 key ziv metaa-review ney sujhaav diyaa kii yeh 2007 kaa adhyayan trutipurna thaa. "pahale samooh mein, sadame kii purvanumeyata seey courtisol key star mein apekshaakrit cumm vriddhi hoe sakati thee, lekin ack aur vyakhya sambhav haye. jabaki courtisol kii sandrata mein vriddhi tanaav mein vriddhi kaa pratinidhitva curr sakati haye, yeh kutte kii shaaririk gatividhi key star koo bhee darshaata haye. vaastav mein, courtisol sandrata mein vriddhi
cumm teevrata aur uchch teevrata vaale vyayam donon key parinamswarup hoe sakata haye..
2004 mein ack adhyayan prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa joe shock collar kaa upayog karke suraksha kaary key liye prashikshit vibhinn naslon key avalokan parr adharit thaa, jisase pataa chalaa kii halanki gaard kutton koo prashikshit karane key liye shock collar kaa upayog karna kaam curr sakata haye, yeh bhaya aur aakraamakta key dushprabhaav paida curr sakata haye, joe badhee hui anishchitata aur pratikriyashilta kaa sanket detaa haye. adhyayan ney yeh kahate hue saranshit kiya kii "isaliye nishkarsh yeh hain kii prashikshit honah tanaavpurna haye, kii aghaat praapt karna kutton key liye ack dardanaak anubhav haye, aur yeh kii aiss-kutton ney spasht roop seey seekha haye kii unake malik (yaa unake aadeshon) kii upasthiti samanya prashikshan sandarbh seey baahar bhee, aghaaton key swaagat kii ghoshana karati haye.2005 mein, paathyapustak lekhak stephen aar. lindsey iss adhyayan key baare mein apani raay dete hue likhate hain, "shielder aur vaine dair borg (2004) ney kaam karane vaale kutton key sandarbh mein upayog kiye jaane vaale sadame key alpakaalik aur deerghakaalik prabhaavon key baare mein pareshan karane vaale nishkarshon kii ack report prakaashit kii haye joe mahatvapurna vivaad kaa srot banane key liye niyat haye... aghaat seey judee mahatvapurna gatividhiyon key sambandh mein cumm drive yaa vyavhaar daman kii anupasthiti (jaise.jee.(kaam) lekhakon dwara dastaavez kiye jaane vaale sthaayi pratikool prabhaavon key baare mein sandeh paida kartaa haye. haalaanki way kutton koo aghaat yaa nuksan kaa koee thhos saboot naheen dete hain, way bahut saaree atkalen, upakhyan, ling aur shaikshik aparyaptataon key sanket, aur isake sthaan parr ipo prashikshakon kii prerana aur kshamata key baare mein apmaanjanak tippaniyan pradaan karate hain."
heron aur anya dwara 2009 kaa ack adhyayan. sujhaav dete hain kii shock collar jaise pratikool, saath hii saath cumm pratikool jaise chillana, aakraamakta sahit badhati vyavhaar samasyaon key jokhim dushprabhaav.
prabhutva adharit prashikshan.
kutte key prashikshan key sambandh mein "paik" aur "prabhutva" kii avadhaaranaon kii utpatti 1940 key dashak mein hui thee aur 1970 key dashak mein nae sketch key bhikshuon dwara lokpriya banaai gaee thee. yeh model ack siddhant parr adharit haye kii "kutte bhediye hain" aur choonki bhediye padaanukramit samooh mein rahate hain jahaan ack alfa narr harr kissy parr shasson kartaa haye, tou manushyon koo apane vyavhaar koo sanshodhit karane key liye kutton parr haavi honah chaahiye. haalaanki, haal key adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii jangli mein bhediye vaastav mein ack parivaar mein rahate hain jahan maan aur pitaa donon koo samooh netaa maanaa jaataa haye, aur unaki santanon kii sthiti unake janm crum parr nirbhar karati haye jisamen uchch pada praapt karane key liye ladanaa shamil naheen haye, kyonki yuva bhediye swabhavik roop seey apane maataa-pitaa key netritva kaa paalan karate hain.
pashu vyavhaarvidon kaa kahana haye kii vyavhaar koo sanshodhit karane key liye prabhutva kaa upayog karane seey samasya key antarnihit kaaran koo sambodhit kiye binaa vyavhaar koo dabaaya jaa sakata haye. yeh samasya koo badhaa sakata haye aur kutte key darr, chinta aur aakraamakta koo badhaa sakata haye. joe kutte baar-baar dhamkiyon aur alfa roll jaise kathor tarikon key adheen hotey hain, way aakraamakta key saath pratikriya curr sakate hain, isaliye naheen kii way haavi honey kii koshish curr rahey hain, balki isaliye kii way khatare aur darr mahsoos karate hain.
shodhkartaon ney kaee karanon kaa varnan kiya haye kii kutte key prashikshan key liye prabhutva model ack kharaab vikalp kyon haye. sabse pahale, prabhutva parr adharit sambandh durlabh sansadhanon taka prathamikta praapt karane key liye sthaapit kiya jaataa haye, naa kii cumm prabhaavshaali janwar parr vishesh vyavhaar lagu karane key liye, isaliye prabhutva model una adhikansh vyavhaaron key liye aprasangik haye joe loga apane kutton seey chaahte hain, jaise kii aaney parr aanaa yaa ack patta parr shaanti seey chalana. doosara prabhutva-samarpan sambandh, ack baar sthaapit honey key baad, lagaatar pareekshan kiya jaataa haye aur niyamit roop seey majboot kiya jaanaa chaahiye. iss prakaar loga, vishesh roop seey bachche aur bujurg, apane pada koo banaae rakhane mein saksham naheen hoe sakate hain aur yadi way aisaa karane kaa prayaas karate hain tou unhein ghayal honey kaa khatra hotaa haye. teesara, pramukh vyakti sansadhanon taka prathamikta seey pahunch praapt karate hain, lekin kewal jaba way maujood hotey hain, tou kutte parr prabhutva sthaapit karna usake vyavhaar kii guaranti naheen detaa haye jaba pramukh vyakti door yaa anupasthit hotaa haye.
prabhutva kaa vichaar yeh haye kii kutte sahakarmi-sameeksha patron mein vivaadit naheen hain, balki, lokpriya tark isaki paribhasha aur nihitarth parr haye. halanki prabhutva sahee mayane mein sambandhon kii sampatti haye, lekin iska upayog alag-alag kutton kii kathit visheshta kaa varnan karane key liye galati seey kiya gayaa haye, bhale hii iss tarah kii visheshta key maujood honey key bahut cumm pramaan hain.
prabhutva-adharit prashikshan key rakshakon kaa tark haye kii aalochak raajneetik shuddhata seey prerit hain. jaanvaron key vyavhaar parr purtagaali lekhak roser abrants yeh tark dete hain aur yeh bhee tark dete hain kii yeh shabd kharaab tareeke seey paribhaashit haye. canine aind felline behaviour association key adhyaksh collin tenant ney kahaah "yeh raajneetik shuddhata haye. aggar aap kutte key saath insan kii tarah vyavhaar karenge tou vaha aapke saath kutte kii tarah vyavhaar karega. manovaigyaanik aur kutte key prashikshak steinly corran ney 2001 kii pustak "haau too speak dogg" mein likhaa, "aap alfa kutte hain... aapako yeh bataana chaahiye kii aap samooh key netaa aur pramukh hain. maxican-americi kutte key prashikshak aur lekhak seasure millen ney likhaa haye kii, "yeh aavashyak haye kii manushya samooh key netaa houn, kutte key saath. yadi kissy kutte key paas apane manushyon seey majboot samooh netritva naheen haye, tou yeh asantulit hoe sakata haye, jisase kutte mein bhram, chinta, yaa aakraamakta aur vyavhaar kii samasyaaen hoe sakati hain.
kaarak.
prashikshan utane hii roop leey sakata haye jitane prashikshak hain, haalaanki pashu prashikshakon key ack vistrit adhyayan mein safal tarikon kii samanya visheshataaen paaee gaeenh prashikshan seey pahale janwar kyaa kartaa haye, sateek samay aur lagaatar sanchaar kii vichaarsheel vyakhya.
sanchaar.
kutte paltu banaane key madhyam seey manushyon key saath nikatata seey judey hue hain aur maanav sanchaar sanketon key prati bhee samvedansheel hoe gaye hain. aam taur parr, way maanav bhaashan key liye bahut adhik sampark mein hotey hain, vishesh roop seey khel key dauran, aur maanaa jaataa haye kii unamen maanav bhaashan koo pahchaanane kii achchi kshamata hoti haye.
dou adhyayanon ney ack kutte kii kshamata kii jaanch kii jise bhasha kii samajh mein asadharan maanaa jaataa thaa. donon adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa kii cumm seey cumm kuchh kutton key liye apane maalikon dwara utsarjit dhwaniyon key aadhar parr badee sankhya mein saral aadeshon kii samajh vikasit karane kii kshamata haye. haalaanki adhyayanon ney sujhaav diyaa kii adhik jatil bolly jaane vaali aagyaon kii samajh key liye malik seey drishya sanket mahatvapurna hoe sakate hain.
samajh mein aataa haye.
malik key aavedan kii nirantarta, unaki samajh kaa star, aur prashikshan/vyavhaar aur judaav kaa star kissy bhee takneek kii prabhavsheelta koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye.
janmajaat visheshataaen.
kutton kii vishisht naslon key praakritik vyavhaaron parr vichaar karate hue, unhein vishesh, atyadhik upayogi, karyon koo karane key liye prashikshit karna sambhav haye. udaaharan key liye, labrador punarpraptakarta visfotakon kaa pataa lagaane key liye pasandida nasl hain. aisaa unake bhojan abhiyaan sahit kaee karakon key sanyojan key kaaran haye joe unhein shore aur anya vichalit karane key bavjood kissy kaary parr dhyaan kendrit karane mein saksham banaata haye. kutton kii adhikansh kaam karane vaali naslon koo unaki gandh kii bhavna vaale logon koo khojane key liye prashikshit kiya jaa sakata haye (unaki drishti kii bhavna key vipareet). cocker spaniel koo deemak kaa pataa lagaane vaali team key hisse key roop mein prashikshit kiya jaa sakata haye. unakaa apekshaakrit chhota aakar unhein chhoti jagahon mein fitt honey mein saksham banaata haye, aur unakaa halka vajan unhein chhat key una kshetron parr chalane kii anumati detaa haye joe kissy bhee bhaari cheez key liye khatarnak honge. vaastav mein, halanki asamanya, deemak kaa pataa lagaane vaale kutte deemak kaa pataa lagaane mein una manushyon kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik vishvasaniya hain joe tapp karane aur sunane kii buniyaadi pranali parr bharosa karate hain. drishti seey sanketon koo seekhane kii unaki kshamata aur unake urjaavaan aur athletic swabhaav key kaaran, german charvaahon koo khoj aur bachaav dalon aur maanav ashanka teams key saath kaam karane key liye prashikshit kiya jaa sakata haye.
vyaktigat yaa varg prashikshan.
vyaktigat yaa ack-seey-ack prashikshan prashikshak key liye ack vyaktigat kutte kii kshamataon aur jarooraton parr dhyaan kendrit karane key saath-saath ack vishisht malik kii prathmiktaon aur paristhitiyon koo sambodhit karane mein sahayak hotaa haye. kissy bhee vyavhaar kii samasyaon kaa sabse achchha samadhan kutte key vyavhaar visheshagya dwara kiya jaataa haye. varg prashikshan samajikaran koo protsaahit karane aur ack sahakarmi samooh key saath khelane mein prabhaavi hoe sakata haye. kakshaaen aksar adhik kifayati darr parr dee jaati hain aur samasya vyavhaar aur nae kaushal donon koo padhaane mein saksham hoti hain. kakshaaen pilla aur shuruati prashikshan seey laker adhik unnat prashikshan aur kaushal prashikshan jaise kii chaalen karna, chusti yaa flyball jaise kutte key khelon kii taiyari karna, yaa chikitsa kaary taka hoe sakati hain.
vishesh prashikshan.
kutton koo vishesh uddeshyon jaise see. jee. see. pramanan key liye bhee prashikshit kiya jaataa haye; kutton key khelon key liye, jisamen pratispardha aagyakarita, kutte kii chapalata, charvaahe paalan, tracking aur flyball taka seemit naheen haye; aur vishesh bhoomikaaen jaise kii pataa lagaane vaale kutte, sahaayata kutte, shikaar karane vaale kutte, pulis kutte, saar (khoj aur bachaav kutte) yaa gaard kutte shamil hain.
yeh bhee dekhein.
saamanyah

