tamilanadu mein ell. jee. bee. tii. adhikaar

tamilanadu mein samlaingik, samlaingik, ubhayalingi aur transgender (ell. jee. bee. tii.) adhikaar bhaarat key sabhi raajyon mein sabse pragatisheel hain. tamilanadu bhaarat kaa pahala raajya thaa jisane ack transgender kalyan neeti lagu kii, jisamen transgender vyakti sarkari aspatalon mein muft ling pushti sergery aur vibhinn anya laabhon aur adhikaaron taka pahunch sakate hain. raajya antarlingi shishuon parr jabaran ling-chayanaatmak shalya chikitsa parr pratibandh lagaane vaalaa pahala raajya bhee thaa, aur apane raajya pulis dishaanirdeshon mein ack sanshodhan shamil karane vaalaa pahala raajya bhee thaa joe adhikaariyon seey lgbtq + samudaay aur isake sadasyon koo pareshan karane seey bachane kii ummeed kartaa haye. raajya roopaantaran chikitsa parr pratibandh lagaane vaalaa pahala raajya bunn gayaa aur schooly pathyakram mein ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + muddon koo pesh karane vaalaa pahala raajya bunn gayaa.
navtej sinh jauhar banaam" mamle mein sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale key baad, 2018 seey samlaingik yaun gatividhi kanuni haye. bhaarat kaa sangh. ell. jee. bee. tii. samudaay, vishesh roop seey transgender logon key sambandh mein tamilanadu koo sabse khule raajyon mein seey ack key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. phir bhee, bhedbhaav, vyavasthit vipareet-ling vivaah, badmashi, aatmahatya aur parivarik asweekriti kii report aam hain. 2015 key ack anuman key anusaar, tamilanadu mein lagbhag 16,380 logon ney khud koo ell. jee. bee. tii. key roop mein pahachaana.
samaan-ling yaun gatividhi kii vaidhata.
6 sitambar 2018 koo, bhaarat kii sarvocch adalat ney sarvasammati seey dhaara 377 koo asamvaidhaanik bataate hue khariz curr diyaa, yeh nirnay dete hue kii yeh swaayatta, antarangata aur pehchaan key maulik adhikaaron kaa ullanghan kartaa haye, iss prakaar tamilanadu sahit bhaarat mein samalaingikta koo vaidh banaa detaa haye.
samaan-ling sambandhon kii maanyata.
tamil nadu mein samlaingik vivahon koo maanyata yaa pradarshan naheen kiya jaataa haye.
22 aprail 2019 koo, madras uchch nyayalaya, tamilanadu uchch nyayalaya ney faisala sunaaya kii "hindu vivaah adhiniyam, 1955" key tahat "dulhan" shabd mein trance mahilaaen shamil hain. vishesh roop seey, isane adhikaariyon koo ack purush aur ack transgender mahila key beach vivaah panjikrit karane kaa nirdesh diyaa.
bhedbhaav sanrakshan.
navtej sinh jauhar banaam" key anuroop. bhaarat sangh "aur" rashtriya kanuni seva pradhikaran v. bhaarat sangh, "bhaarat key samvidhaan key anuchhed 15 key madhyam seey yaun abhivinyas aur ling pehchaan key aadhar parr bhedbhaav nishiddh haye. haalaanki, yeh anuchhed kewal raajya yaa sarkari nikaayon dwara bhedbhaav taka hii faila huaa haye.
2019 mein apanaaya gayaa, "transgender vyakti (adhikaaron kaa sanrakshan) adhiniyam, 2019" shaikshanik pratishthaan aur sevaaon, rojgar, swaasthya sevaaon, kissy bhee vastu, awas, seva, suvidha, laabh, visheshaadhikaar yaa avsar key upayog key liye samarpit kissy bhee vastu key upayog, yaa aam janata key liye paaramparik roop seey upalabdh visheshaadhikaar, aavaajaahi kaa adhikaar, "rahane kaa adhikaar, khareed, kiraya yaa anyatha kissy bhee sampatti parr kabja karane kaa adhikaar", saarvajanik yaa niji karyalaya key liye khade honey yaa rakhane kaa avsar, aur sarkari yaa niji pratishthanon mein transgender logon key khilaf anuchit bhedbhaav parr pratibandh lagaata haye.
juuna 2021 mein, madras uchch nyayalaya kii ekal nyayadhish peeth ney somwar koo doorgaami dishanirdesh jaari kiye, jiska uddeshya ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + vyaktiyon koo mukhyadhara mein laana thaa-school aur vishvavidyalaya key pathyakram mein badalaav kii maang karane key liye samudaay seey sambandhit vyaktiyon koo "chikitsakiya roop seey thheek" karane key prayason koo pratibandhit karna aur nyaayik adhikaariyon, pulis aur jail adhikaariyon key liye jagrukta karyakramon kii sifarish karna.
yeh kahate hue kii ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + vyakti apani gopaniyata key hakdar hain aur "ack garimapurna astitva kaa netritva karane kaa adhikaar haye, jisamen unakaa yaun abhivinyas, ling pehchaan, ling prastuti, ling abhivyakti aur usake saathi kaa chayan shamil haye", adalat ney kahaa, "yeh adhikaar aur isake abhyaas kaa tarika samvidhaan key anuchhed 21 key tahat samvaidhaanik roop seey sanrakshit haye."
transgender adhikaar.
tamilanadu mein transgender logon koo "tirunar" () kahaa jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey "tirunangai" (tirunangai; transgender mahilaaon key liye) aur "tirunambi" (tirunambi; transgender purushon key liye). tamil mein "arwani" (arwani) shabd 1990 key dashak seey pahale vyaapak roop seey lokpriya huaa thaa. "arwani" "hijada" "key liye ack vikalp shabd haye. transgender tamilon key saath aksar naukariyon aur dainik jeevan mein bhedbhaav kiya jaataa haye, jisase way bheekh maangane aur veshyavritti kaa sahaara lene key liye majboor hotey hain.
1994 mein tii.aine. mukhya chunaav aayukt sheshan ney bhaarat mein transgender logon koo matdan kaa adhikaar diyaa. march 2004 mein, adhivakta jee.swaminathan madras uchch nyayalaya key samaksh pesh hue aur tamilanadu mein transgender logon key liye matadaata pehchaan patra kii maang kii. mamle kaa jawab dete hue, akhil bhaaratiya ann dravid munetra kadgam (aadmk) sarkaar ney adalat koo soochit kiya kii raajya mein kewal 11 transgender loga matadaata soochi mein apane naam darj karaane key liye aage aae they. prastutikaran koo darj karane key baad, adalat ney raajya sarkaar koo nirdesh diyaa kii vaha transgender logon key matdaataon key roop mein namankit honey key adhikaar koo media key madhyam seey prachaarit karey.
disambar 2006 mein, transgender logon key liye jeevan sthitiyon mein sudhaar key liye sifaarishon key saath ack sarkari adesh paarit kiya gayaa thaa. adesh ney parivaaron koo transgender logon koo aswikar karane seey rokane aur yeh sunishchit karane key liye paramarsh kaa samarthan kiya kii aise bachche schools aur colleges mein pravesh lein. isake baad, sitambar 2008 mein, raajya ney transgender logon key liye ack kalyan board kaa gathan kiya.
transgender logon key saamane aaney vaali samasyaon koo hull karane key liye ack agrani prayaas mein, tamilanadu sarkaar ney 2008 mein ack transgender kalyan board kii sthaapana kii. samaaj kalyan mantri board key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary karate hain. yeh prayaas bhaarat mein pahala prayaas maanaa jaataa haye. raajya sarkaar ney transgender logon key liye alag-alag khaadya raashan card jaari karane key saath-saath vishesh pehchaan patra bhee jaari karna shuru curr diyaa haye.
tamilanadu raajya transgender kalyan neeti lagu karane vaalaa pahala raajya thaa. neeti key anusaar, transgender loga sarkari aspatalon mein muft ling punarnirdharan sergery, muft awas, vibhinn nagrikta dastavej, uchch shiksha key liye poorna chhatravritti key saath sarkari colleges mein pravesh aur aaya-srijan karyakram (aaee. jee. pee.) shuru curr sakate hain. transgender logon kii shiksha mein sudhaar key liye ack atirikt prayaas mein, tamilanadu key adhikaariyon ney maee 2008 mein sarkari colleges mein pravesh key liye "thurd gender" vikalp banaane key liye ack adesh jaari kiya. 2017 mein, manonmanium sundarnar vishvavidyalaya ney transgender chhatron koo muft tution kii peshkash shuru kii.
2013 mein, transgender aur ling kaaryakartaon aiss. srishti madurai key swapna aur gopi shankar madurai ney 7 octuber 2013 koo madurai collector karyalaya mein aarakshan kii maang karate hue aur tamilanadu lock seva aayog, sangh lock seva aayog, maadhyamik vidyalaya pramaan patra aur baink pareekshaon mein vaikalpik lingon koo upasthit honey kii anumati dene key liye virodh pradarshan kiya. sanyog seey, swapna ney 2013 mein madras uchch nyayalaya mein mahila ummidwar key roop mein tii. aine. pee. aiss. see. samooh II pariksha likhane kii anumati lene key liye safaltapurvak yachika daayar kii thee. swapna tii. aine. pee. aiss. see. samooh IV kii pariksha utteern karane vaalaa pahala transgender vyakti haye.
21 anya trance mahilaaon key saath, key. pratham yashini koo aprail 2017 mein chennai shahar key pulis aayukt smith sarran seey niyukti key adesh praapt hue. 6 navambar 2015 koo madras uchch nyayalaya key ack faisale key anusaar, tamilanadu vardidhari seva bharti board (tnusrb) koo yashini koo pulis key upa-nireekshak key roop mein niyukt karane key nirdesh diye gaye they kyonki vaha "naukari paane kii hakdar" haye. faisale ney aage anusar koo "purush" aur "mahila" kii samanya shreni key alawa, transgender logon koo "teesari shreni" key roop mein shamil karane kaa nirdesh diyaa.
22 aprail 2019 koo, madras uchch nyayalaya key nyayadhish jee.aar. swaminathan ney "hindu vivaah adhiniyam, 1955" key tahat transgender mahilaaon key vivaah adhikaaron koo barkarar rakhate hue ack aitihaasik nirnay jaari kiya.
agast 2020 mein samajik nyaay aur sashaktikaran mantralaya ney gopi shankar madurai koo transgender vyaktiyon key liye rashtriya parishad mein dakshin kshetriya pratinidhi key roop mein niyukt kiya.
antarlingi adhikaar.
22 aprail 2019 koo, madras uchch nyayalaya kii madurai peeth ney antarlingi shishuon parr ling-chayanaatmak shalya chikitsa parr pratibandh lagaane kaa faisala paarit kiya. gopi shankar madurai key karyon key aadhar parr, adalat ney antarlingi shishuon aur bachchon parr kiye gaye anivarya chikitsa hastakshepon key vyaapak abhyaas parr dhyaan diyaa. adalat ney shankar key prati bhee apana aabhar vyakt kiya, yeh dekhate hue kii shankar kaa kaam "adalat key liye vinamra aur gyaanvardhak anubhav" rhaa haye.
julaai 2019 mein, swaasthya mantri see. vijayabhaskar ney ghoshana kii kii adalat key faisale kaa paalan karane aur antarlingi shishuon parr chikitsa hastakshep parr pratibandh lagaane vaale dishaanirdeshon kaa masauda taiyar kiya jaayega. 13 agast 2019 koo, tamilanadu sarkaar ney antarlingi shishuon parr jabaran chikitsa hastakshep parr pratibandh lagaane key liye ack sarkari adesh jaari kiya.
jeevan kii sthiti.
samooh aur sangathan.
tamilanadu mein pichhale kuchh varshon seey vibhinn ell. jee. bee. tii. sangathanon kii sthaapana kii gaee haye. inmein nirangal (), orinam (), srishti madurai (сирусти мотури), sawari foundation (сотри) aur chennai dost (сенения тост) shamil hain. yeye sangh ell. jee. bee. tii. logon key baare mein jagrukta badhaate hain, ell. jee. bee. tii. logon aur parivaar aur doston donon koo help line pradaan karate hain, aur shiksha aur kaaryasthal neetiyon key baare mein samvedansheelta key liye abhiyaan chalaate hain.
chennai indradhanush gaurav (сенения оноел оеле) 2009 seey chennai shahar mein prativarsh aayojit kiya jaataa haye.
help line aur anya sevaaen.
farwari 2009 mein, chennai mein ack samlaingik jode kii hyee-profile aatmahatya key baad bhaaratiya samudaay kalyan sangathan (aaee. see. doubleu. oh.) dwara pahali samlaingik phone help line shuru kii gaee thee. isi tarah, march 2009 mein, tamilanadu aids pahal-swaichhik swaasthya sevaaon dwara "mansu" naamak ack telephone help line sthaapit kii gaee thee.
srishti madurai ney 2 octuber 2011 koo madurai shahar mein lgbt logon key liye ack help line shuru kii. juuna 2013 mein, help line ney 24 ghante key liye seva pradaan karane key liye ack tagline key saath kaam kiya "kewal kissy seey baat karane key liye samajh rakhane seey ack jeevan bachaaya jaa sakata haye.
sanskriti, media aur television.
purush devta shiv aur mahila devta paarvati kaa ack mishrit roop, ardhanarishwar, pahali shatabdi esvi mein kushan sanskriti mein utpann huaa thaa. bhaarat key meenkashi mandir mein ardhanarishwar koo darshaane vaali ack moorti shamil haye; yeh moorti spasht roop seey purush aur mahila donon shaaririk tatvon koo darshaati haye.
"tirunar" (swadeshi ling-parivartan) villupuram jile key ack gaanv, koovagam mein, chitrai (aprail/maee) key tamil maheene mein ack vaarshik utsav key liye milate hain joe pandrah dinon taka chalata haye. iss tyohar key dauran, pratibhaagi aravan kii pooja karate hain aur mandir key pujaariyon dwara unase shaadi kii jaati haye, iss prakaar bhagwan vishnu key ack pracheen mithak koo phir seey prastut karate hain, jinhone mohini naam kii mahila kaa roop lene key baad unase shaadi kii thee. agale dinon, safed saadiyon mein, way anushthaan nrityon key madhyam seey unaki mrityu parr shoke manaate hain.
tamil cable channel starr vijay ney 2008 mein gulab naam kii ack trance mahila dwara aayojit ack tock show shuru kiya. karyakram koo "ippadiku gulab" kahaa jaataa haye, jiska anuvaad "aapka sahee mayane mein, gulab" mein kiya gayaa haye.
erode mein paida hue ack transgender vyakti, karpaga ney tamil film "paal" mein mukhya bhoomika nibhai; bhaarat mein iss tarah kaa meal kaa patthar hassil karane vaale pahale transgender vyakti. pollachi key ack transgender vyakti kalki subramaniam ney tamil film 'narthagi' mein mukhya bhoomika nibhai. transgender karyakarta aeye. revati ney 2008 kii tamil film 'tenvattu' mein ack bhoomika nibhai thee.
ell. jee. bee. tii. saahitya aur adhyayan.
"upanyaskar sue dwara "vadamalli". samuthiram tamilanadu mein sthaaniya "arwani" samudaay key baare mein pahala tamil upanyaas haye, joe 1994 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. revati tamil mein transgender muddon aur ling rajneeti key baare mein likhane vaali pahali "hijada" baneen. unaki kritiyon kaa aathh seey adhik bhaashaon mein anuvaad kiya gayaa haye aur asia mein ling adhyayan parr ack praathamik sansaadhan key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. unaki pustak 100 seey adhik vishvavidyalayon key liye ack shodh pariyojana kaa hissa haye. vaha "unaarvam uruvamam" ("poore shareer kii bhaavanaaen") kii lekhika hain, joe "hijra" samudaay key ack sadasya seey angreji mein apani tarah kii pahali haye. unhone tamil aur kannad mein ling aur kamukta key muddon parr kaee munch natakon mein abhinay aur nirdeshan bhee kiya. "merey baare mein sachchaaih ack hijada jeevan kii kahani". revati madurai mein americi college key antim varsh key chhatron key liye pathyakram kaa hissa haye. americi mahavidyalaya bhaarat kaa pahala mahavidyalaya haye jisane anusandhaan-unmukh sangoshthiyon key saath tritiya ling saahitya aur adhyayan shuru kiya haye. naan saravanan kii "allah" (2007) aur vidya kii "aaee aim vidya" (2008) praarambhik transwoman aatmakathaon mein seey theen. kalki subramaniam kaa "kuri aruthian" ("fallus, aaee cutt") transgender jeevan key baare mein tamil kavitaon kaa ack sangrah haye.
madurai mein americi college ney 2018 mein tamil aur angreji vibhaag key chhatron key liye pathyakram key hisse key roop mein "genderquer aur intersex manvadhikar adhyayan" key liye ack pathyakram pustak key roop mein "maraikappatta pakkanagal" ("chhipe hue prishth") koo bhee pesh kiya. yeh tamil bhasha mein lgbt samudaay parr pahali pustak haye, jise gopi shankar madurai aur raajya bhajpa netaa vaanati srinivasana dwara 2014 mein launch kiya gayaa thaa.
janwari 2018 mein, 41vein chennai pustak melle mein vidupattavai (vitpatav) kaa vimochan kiya gayaa thaa. yeh pustak chennai mein ack samlaingik vyakti key jeevan koo laghu kathaaon, nibandhon, kavitaon aur aalochanaon key roop mein bataati haye. iss pustak koo kweer chennai chronicles aur karuppu pradhaan dwara saha-prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. ise tamil lekhak aur abhineta shobasakti dwara jaari kiya gayaa thaa.

