gulami virodhi varnamala

daasata-virodhi varnamala ack varnamala pustak haye joe 1846 mein philadelphia mahila daasata-virodhi samaaj (pee. aff. aeye. aiss.) dwara prakaashit kii gaee thee. yeh samaaj key dou sadasyon, hannah aur mairi townsand dwara chhote bachchon mein unmoolanvaadi vichaaron koo protsaahit karane key iraade seey likhaa gayaa thaa.
itihas.
philadelphia mahila gulami virodhi samaaj americi gulami virodhi samaaj kaa ack sthaaniya adhyaay thaa, joe ack rashtravyapi unmoolanvaadi sangathan thaa. samaaj aur usake adhyaayon ney vayaskon aur bachchon donon key liye vibhinn prakaar key gulami virodhi saahitya kaa nirmaan kiya. pee. aff. aeye. aiss. ney pahali baar disambar 1846 mein apane vaarshik daasata-virodhi melle mein "daasata-virodhi varnamala" jaari kii. lekhakon kaa naam aavaran parr naheen thaa, lekin baad mein unaki pehchaan dou quaker mahilaaon, hannah townsand (1812-1851) aur unaki chhoti bahan mairi townsand (1814-1851) key roop mein kii gaee. bahanon ney paath likhaa aur pratyek patra key lakadi key chitron koo design kiya. darshakon kaa irada una gharon mein chhote bachche they jahan maataa-pitaa pahale seey hii gulami key virodh mein they.
philadelphia kii merrihu aur thompson kii firm ney kagaj key 16 patton parr pustak chhaapi, jisamen pratyek patte key ack taraf mudran kiya gayaa. taba prishthon koo aavaran mein haath seey tarasha gayaa thaa, aur pratyek mudrit prati key chitra haath seey rangeen they.
samagri.
pustak kii shuruat ack kavita key saath kii gaee haye, "hamaare chhote pathakon key liye", joe pathakon koo anya bachchon aur vayaskon seey gulami koo samaapt karane key baare mein baat karane aur cheeni seey baney khaadya padarthon koo aswikar karane key liye protsaahit karati haye, joe daas shram dwara kaam kiye gaye baganon parr utpaadit kiye gaye they. pustak key mukhya bhaag key pratyek prishth koo angreji varnamala key dou sajaae gaye oopari aksharon key saath, maanak varnamala crum mein chitrit kiya gayaa haye. pratyek patra key baad ack tukbandi hoti haye jisamen usa shabd parr charcha kii jaati haye joe usa patra seey shuru hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye, "aeye" akshar key liye chaturthansh haih
<kavita>
aeye ack unmoolanvaadi haye -
 ack aadami joe mukt honah chaahata haye
dusht daas-aur sabhi koo dey dou
 samaan swatantrata.
</kavita>
chaturthansh pathakon koo unmoolanvaadi vichaaron aur sanyukt raajya mein daason key saath vyavhaar kii samasyaon key liye ujagar karate hain, jaise kii daason koo chabuk maarnaa aur bachchon koo unaki maataon seey alag karna.

