
mahaan akaal

kanai mahaan akaal ("") ack akaal thaa jisane edo kaal mein maharani meesho key shasankal key dauran japan koo prabhaavit kiya thaa. bhukhmari key kaaran honey vaali mauton kii anumaanit sankhya 50,000 aur 100,000 key beach haye. aam taur parr maanaa jaataa haye kii akaal 1640 mein shuru huaa thaa aur 1643 taka chalaa thaa. iska naam kanai yug (1624-1644) key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. akaal key dauran sattaaroodh "shogun" tokugawa imitsu thaa.
akaal kii or leey jaane vaali ghatanaaen.
shimbara vidroh key baad badee sankhya mein aantarik roop seey visthaapit vyaktiyon key kaaran, aur 1638 mein kyushu mein shuru hue aur ise rokna asambhav thaa, jisake kaaran paschimi japan mein maveshiyon kii badey paimaane parr maut hoe gaee, jisase 1640 mein kaam karane vaale jaanvaron kii kamee key kaaran krishi utpaadaktaa mein kamee aaee. saath hii, nimn shreni key samurai varg key sadasyon kii atyadhik nirdhanta key kaaran kisaanon key beach prerana kamjor hoe rahee thee. 1635 mein sinkin-kotai (edo kii vaarshik yaatraon kii badhati aavritti) key sudhaar key baad badhe hue kharch seey bhee madad naheen millie. tokaido rajmarg key puuraa honey key liye shram kaa parivartan aur 1641 mein whiffle maudrik sudhaaron key kaaran aarthik gadbadi ney krishi utpaadaktaa key antar koo aur cumm curr diyaa, jisase akaal apariharya hoe gayaa.
akaal key dauran kii ghatanaaen.
juuna 1640 mein hokkaido komaa-gaa-tech kaa visfot, jisake parinamswarup sugaru praaydweep aur aspas key kshetron mein bhaari raakh aur paudhon mein vishaaktata aaee, sthaaniya fasal viphaltaon koo janm diyaa joe 1642 taka jaari rahee. 1641 kii shuruat mein poorv asia mein pahale hii badee sankhya mein asamanya mausam kii ghatanaaen dekhi jaa chuki theen. japan mein, sookhe ney kinai aur chugoku kshetron key saath-saath shikoku dweep koo bhee prabhaavit kiya. thhandi havaaon aur bhaari barish ney hokudiku kshetra koo prabhaavit kiya. kaheen aur, bhaari barish, baadh, sookha, paalaa (vishesh roop seey, agast mein akita mein paalaa) aur keat kshati key asamanya pattern ney khaadya bhandar koo shoonya kii or giraa diyaa. kull milakar, japan key samudra key saamane key kshetron mein tohoku kshetra mein sabse adhik fasal viphalata hui.
juuna 1642 taka, bhookhe kisaanon ney yaa tou bhagna shuru curr diyaa thaa yaa apane lott "saamoohik roop seey" bechana shuru curr diyaa thaa, jisane shogunet koo akaal key paimaane key baare mein satark curr diyaa thaa. shogunet ney khaadya fasalon key saath tambaku baganon key punah ropan kaa adesh dekar, sharaab utpaadan koo pratibandhit karke (koee naee sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyaan naheen, graameen sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyon key utpaadan koo nilambit karna, aur shahari aur rajmarg sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyon key utpaadan koo aadhaa karna), aur bhoomi kii bikri koo pratibandhit karke pratikriya vyakt kii. saath hii, gair-aavashyak khaadya utpaadon, jaise bajra udon, gehuun kaa aataa, somen, manju, mithaai aur soba key nirmaan aur bikri parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. chawal vitaran pranali mein sudhaar aur aapaatkaaleen khaadya vitaran shade key saath-saath eedo mein chawal rakhane vaale "damyo" koo vaapas bulaane koo bhee vyavhaar mein laaya gayaa. haalaanki, sarkaar aur kulon key sarvottam prayason key bavjood, 1642-1643 sardiyon key dauran bhookh seey marane vaale logon kii sankhya mein lagaatar vriddhi hui. logon key badey visthaapan key parinamswarup edo aur japan key teen anya pramukh shaharon mein jangli aabaadi mein utaar-chadhaav aaya, kyonki bheed ney una sthaanon kii khoj kii jahaan bhukhmari kii sambhavana cumm thee.
sabse adhik peedit kshetron mein seey ack aiju thaa joe abb fukushima praant haye, jahan sthaaniya kisaanon ney 7 saal seey cumm umr key sabhi bachchon parr shishu hatyaa kii aur badey bachchon koo gulam key roop mein udhaar diyaa, aksar pimps koo. uchch byaaj daron key kaaran, yeh rinn aksar sthaayi gulami mein badal jaataa haye. yadi bachcha gulam bhaag jaataa haye, tou kisan maataa-pitaa koo doguni raashi sonaa chukana yaa doosara gulam denaa padata haye. 127 vyaktiyon key ack gaanv mein, chaar varshon kii avadhi mein 60 logon koo gulami mein betch diyaa gayaa (bhale hii vikretaon koo bhugtan naheen kiya gayaa hoe), kyonki gulam banana hii bhukhmari seey bachane kaa ekmatra vikalp thaa.
key anusaar, "kyoto mein sthiti vishesh roop seey bhayaanak thee. subah aur shaam koo samanya choolhe kaa dhuaan gayab hoe gayaa, loga giroh jaisi sanrachanaon mein bhatak rahey they, sadakon parr shavon kaa dher lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur shishuon koo bhookhon marane yaa kutton dwara khaa jaane key liye eev key neeche chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. gifu key nakatsugawa mein, 700 kii aabaadi mein seey 90 kii mrityu kanai key mahaan akaal key dauran bhukhmari seey hui. 
1643 mein fasal kii paidawar ausat key karib honey key saath, akaal dheere-dheere samaapt hoe gayaa.
akaal key baad.
bakufu sarkaar ney baad key akalon key prabandhan key liye kanai mahaan akaal key dauran seekhi gaee prathaon kaa upayog kiya, vishesh roop seey 1833 mein tenpo akaal key dauran. japan seey isai dharm key nishkasana key saath, kanai mahaan akaal ney ack template sthaapit kiya kii bakufu desh bhar kii samasyaon koo kaise sambodhit karega, "damyo" koo darkinar karate hue. kaee kulon kii shaasi sanrachanaon koo suvyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa. anta mein, sthaaniya prabhuon key manmaane karon seey kisaanon kii adhik suraksha lagu kii gaee.
notes aur sandarbh.
iss lekh mein 28 juuna 2017 koo punarpraapt japani wikipedia key lekh seey samagri shamil haye.