
mount gray-lock

uttar-paschim massachusets mein mount greyluck raajya kaa sabse oonchaa bindu haye joe 3,489 feat (1,063 meater) parr haye. shikhar ney praarambhik americi saahitya mein ack bhoomika nibhai, aur yeh taconic pahaadon kaa hissa haye, joe bhoovaigyaanik roop seey paas key barkshiyar aur harey pahaadon seey alag hain. vistrit drishya aur upa-alpine vann kaa ack chhota kshetra isake oopari bhaagon koo darshaata haye. shikhar kshetra 1930 key dashak seey isaki teen sanrachanaon key paas seey gujarane vaali ack mausami automobile sadak seey hocker gujarta haye; yeye ack chhote seey, rashtriya aitihaasik jile kaa gathan karate hain."appalachian trail sahit vibhinn lambi paidal yatra key raaste iss kshetra seey gujarate hain, joe badey mount gray-lock raajya aarakshan kaa hissa haye.
bhugol.
yeh choti apani sthaaniya pairon seey lagbhag 2,000 feat (610 meater) oopar haye. shikhar seey, oopar kii drishti rekhaaen sambhav hain.
mount greyluck husek nadee key paas ack vishalkay kshetra kaa hissa haye, joe poorv aur uttar mein pahaad key pairon key chaaron or hotaa haye. mount greyluck kaa shikhar addams, massachusets mein haye. iss samooh key anya bhaag, jinhen kabhi-kabhi "gray-lock renz" kahaa jaataa haye, paanch padosi shaharon mein faile hue hain. vibhinn shikharon mein mount fitch aur anya key saath saddle ball parvat shamil hain.
yeh kshetra jyaadaatar husek nadee key madhyam seey hudson nadee key jalvibhaajak key bheetar haye, halanki lenbaro key paas ack chhota saa hissa housetonic nadee jalvibhaajak key bheetar haye.
gray-laak renz taconic pahaadon kaa hissa haye, joe yahaan paas kii hoosak nadee ghaati dwara barkshiyar aur harey pahaadon seey alag kiye gaye hain.
vann aur pakshi.
uttari dridh lakadi key vann nichale aur madhya-oonchaai kii visheshta rakhate hain, jabaki oopari dhalaanen balsam phir aur laal spruce key saath-saath americi parvat raakh seey dhaki hoti hain. lagbhag puraane vikas vanon kaa aavishkaar gray-lock renz key bheetar kiya gayaa haye, jisamen 350 saal puraane pedh key namoone bhee shamil hain. paschimi dhalaan parr ack laal spruce thaa.
mount greyluck koo 132 pakshi prajaatiyon key kathit record key saath ack mahatvapurna pakshi kshetra key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa haye. inmein blackpole warbler aur bicknell thrush shamil hain joe vishesh roop seey boreal vann mein prajanan karate hain, massachusets mein kaheen aur seemit avsaron key saath.
bhoovigyaan.
gray-lock parvat bahut badey taconic allochathan kaa hissa haye, ack sanrachana joe 25 meal seey poorv kii or apani vartamaan sthiti mein sthanantarit hoe gaee haye. chattaanen thrust faulting key madhyam seey chalati hain, ack vivartanik prakriya jisake dwara purani chattan koo oopar aur chhoti chattan key oopar dhakel diyaa jaataa haye. 
adhik sankeern roop seey, sthaaniya dravyamaan jyaadaatar "gray-lock shist" haye, ack shabd jiska upayog bhuvaigyaanikon dwara 1891 mein shuru kiya gayaa thaa aur haal hii mein, halanki inn chattanon kii ayu 1960 key dashak mein anishchit thee. yeh ordovician yug kaa shist gray-lock parr lagbhag 1,000 seey 2,000 feat motaa hotaa haye aur isamen muscovite (sericite), chlorite aur quartz shist hotey hain."yeh ack gathan key oopar sthit haye jise" "belos pipe choona patthar" "kahaa jaataa haye."yeh chhoti, antarnihit parat pahaad kii nichali dhalanon parr khudai kii gaee haye.
sabse haal key ("pleastocene") himm yug mein, himnad ney pahaad koo goal curr diyaa, yuu-aakar kii, mrit-anta ghaatiyon koo tarasha joe greyluck kii paschimi dhalaan parr "hopper" banaati hain, aur lenbaro mein greyluck parr "santulit chattan" jaise himnadon key dosh koo chhodati hain.
laurentide burf kii chaadar ney iss kshetra koo ack kilometres (yaa 3,281 feat) kii gaharaai taka dhaka diyaa thaa. pighalane mein, yeh oopari khurdar ghaati mein jheel bascum banaa. 
jheel key samudra taton key avashesh gray-lock kii sabse nichali dhalanon parr kaee sthaanon parr (kuchh bhuvaigyaanikon key liye) spasht hain.
bhuvaigyaanikon ney kshetra key pleastocene dee-glaciation kii darr koo maapane key liye 2018 mein satah key sampark kaa upayog kiya. iss vidhi ney pahale key anumaanon kii tulanaa mein nyu ingland mein adhik teji seey pighalane kii darr key samarthan mein detta kii peshkash kii. 
namkaran.
"1988 key ack srot key anusaar, pahaad key vartamaan naam key roop mein "mount greyluck" kii utpatti shayed williams college key professor albert hopkins (1807-1872) yaa usee yug key ack anya sthaaniya professor key saath hui thee. shikhar kaa naam, gray lock (see. 1670-1750) westfield key paas seey ack abenaki adiwasi vyakti thaa., joe kii connecticut nadee key paas angreji chaukiyon parr chhaapa maarne key liye jaanaa jaataa haye aur aitihaasik roop seey pahaad seey judaa naheen haye. 
18veen shatabdi key angreji ney shikhar koo "grand hoosak" kahaa hoga, halanki timothi dwite IV ney 18veen shatabdi key anta mein apane yatra sansmaran mein ise "saddle mountain" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya haye. 
19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein ise "saddleback parvat" kahaa jaataa thaa kyonki yeh dakshin seey dikhaai detaa thaa.
1838 kii ack patrika pravishti (maranoparant 1868 mein prakaashit) key anusaar, nathaniel hothorn ney ack sthaaniya nivasi koo ise "grelock" kahate hue sunaa."hothorn ney kahaa kii saddleback" isake liye ack adhik samanya naam haye."phir bhee kaheen aur hothorn ney ise kewal grelock kahaa, iss naam kaa shreya sardiyon mein pahaad key aksar dikhane koo diyaa.
phir bhee 1841 taka, raajya bhoovigyaan parr edward hitchock kii aadhikarik "antim report" koo poore dravyamaan koo "kaathi pahaad" kahaa gayaa aur hitchock key anusaar "shikhar kaa sabse oonchaa bindu" koo "grelock" kahaa gayaa thaa.". 
aitihaasik jilaa.
teen sanrachanaaen 1930 key dashak key "mount greyluck shikhar aitihaasik jile" mein yogdan detee hain, joe 1998 taka aitihaasik sthaanon key rashtriya register kaa hissa haye. yeye hain bascom lodge aur thunderbolt skii aashray, donon pitsfield vastukar, joseph mccarthur vence dwara design kiye gaye hain, aur yuddh smaarak tower joe boston sthit maginis aur walsh dwara design kiya gayaa haye. ack saath, unake saanskritik mahatva koo avadhi vastukala key roop mein register mein uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa 
basscom lodge.
basecom lodge 1932 aur 1938 key beach gray-lock shist aur laal spruce kii deshi samagri kaa upayog karke banaaya gayaa thaa aur period park sanrachanaon key dehaati design kii visheshta thee. greelock aayog ney pahale key shikhar grih (1929 mein aag seey nasht) koo badalane key liye ack adhik paryaapt aashray kii maang kii. praarambhik paschimi wing kaa nirmaan 1932 mein jools emil deloy, junier dwara kiya gayaa thaa. mukhya-madhya aur purvi wing koo baad mein nagrik sanrakshan core dwara puuraa kiya gayaa, jisaki dekhrekh deloy ney kii. lodge kaa naam johnn bascom, ack gray-lock aarakshan aayukt aur sthaaniya professor (dee. 1911).
1937-38 kii sardiyon key liye, gray-lock aayog ney harrison ell koo kaam parr rakhaa. lasuer lodge mein rahane key liye mausam bitaane key liye skieron aur anya sardiyon key utsaahi logon key liye mezban key roop mein kaary karane key liye joe pahaad parr chadhaai karate hain.". newyork shahar key ack samachar patra key anusaar, usa imarat koo usa sardiyon key liye "bhaap garmi, bijli aur ack telephone" seey susajjit kiya gayaa thaa. usa mausam key baad ack skii daud ney 7,000 darshakon koo aakarshit kiya, mukhya roop seey pahaad key aadhar key paas (ref dekhein. neeche).
aaj, raajya seey riyayat-prakaar key patte key tahat ack seva company dwara basscom lodge (kewal germ maheenon mein) chalaaya jaataa haye. anya poorv vyavasthaon key alawa, 2000 mein samaapt honey vaali 16 garmiyon key liye appalachian parvat club ney lodge kaa prabandhan kiya.
thunderbolt skii aashray, trail aur races shrinkhala.
thunderbolt skii aashray, jise joseph emcarther vence dwara bhee design kiya gayaa thaa, 1940 mein nagrik sanrakshan core dwara thunderbolt trail kaa upayog karke skieron key liye ack germ jhopadi key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa. 
iss pagadandi koo kaee skii samoohon kii madad seey design kiya gayaa thaa aur 1934 mein see. see. see. dwara kaataa gayaa thaa. pramukh pratispardhi skii daud 1935 seey 1948 taka lagbhag salana aayojit kii jaati thee. sabse badey 1938 key karyakram mein 7,000 darshakon ney bhaag liya, jinhone naazi germany key fritz demel koo 2 minut aur 25 sekand kaa course record banaaya. prasiddh yuu.aiss. skier dick durance iss daud mein paanchven sthaan parr rhaa, joe thunderbolt aashray seey pahale kaa thaa. 1948 taka aayojit 1.4-mile pathyakram key liye demel kaa record. pagadandi gulabi haim notch, aine key lambe sherburn pagadandi key samaan haye.aich.
paas key lodge kii tarah, aashray sthal kii banaavat dehaati haye aur sthaaniya patthar aur lakadi key beam seey banaa haye; interior mein chaar lakadi kii bench hain joe kendra mein ack badey chaar-mitty key fireplaces mein banaai gaee hain. yeh shikhar meenar seey kaee sou feat uttar mein haye.
haalaanki bascomb lodge ney kathit taur parr 1938 mein ack nivasi sheetkaleen saraay keeper koo niyukt kiya thaa (oopar uddharan dekhein), 1940 mein iss paas key aashray kii shuruat ney skii karyakramon key dauran lodge key mausami bund koo cumm asuvidhajanak banaa diyaa hoga.
thunderbolt skii races koo 2010 mein aur baad key kuchh varshon mein punarjeevit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin burf kii kamee ney kuchh ayojanon koo baadhit curr diyaa yaa kritrim burf key saath vaanijyik skii kshetron mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. 2018 mein, daud samooh ney kahaa kii vaha vaarshik key bajaay karyakram key liye "cumm baar antaral" parr switch karega. 
 alag seey, 1990 key dashak mein gray-lock key purvi chehare parr bhuskhalan kshetra joe kii thunderbolt trail seey asambandhit haye, kathit taur parr 2005 mein skii kiya gayaa thaa 
diggajon kaa yuddh smaarak tower.
sthaaniya sansadon aur governor frank jee dwara samarthit, 1930 mein raajya vidhaayika dwara diggajon key yuddh smaarak tower koo manjuri dee gaee thee. ailan. ise dou saal baad thekedaaron dwara $200,000 kii laagat seey puuraa kiya gayaa thaa.jee. springfield key roy aur bete. 1933 mein governor joseph bee dwara kiye gaye samarpan mein anumaanit 1,500 logon ney bhaag liya. ellie, aine. bee. see. radio parr rashtriya star parr prasaarit ack karyakram.
aathh avalokan khidakiyon key saath shaft koo classic tapasya pradarshit karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. isamen art deco vivaran shamil hain, kuchh queency key johnn bijhozero dwara, jinka kaam vermont capital building parr bhee dikhaai detaa haye. jameen key star parr ack gumbad kaksh haye jiska uddeshya goliyaan aur yuddh avasheshon koo sangraheet karna haye.
halanki kshetra key vidhaayak aur nivasi sthaaniya patthar chaahte they, lekin meenar kaa grenite kaa saamana queency mein kiya gayaa thaa. meenar parr vibhinn shilalekh hain, jinamen shamil hain, "way mrityu taka bhee wafadar they."smaarak key ander key shilalekhon mein seey ack haye," una amar mritakon kaa joe apani upasthiti seey behtar dimag mein phir seey rahate hain ", joe george elliot kii ack kavita kii ack pankti haye. kahaa jaataa haye kii sheersh parr prakaash kaa parbhasi globe, mool roop seey baarah 1,500 vaat kii roshni (abb chhah) seey prakaashit haye, joe raat mein dikhaai detaa haye. yeh poori raat shikhar kshetra key liye prakaash-pradooshan kii samasya paida kartaa haye.
2013 mein shuru honey vaale chaar varshon key liye diggajon key yuddh smaarak tower koo paani kii ghuspaith key kaaran bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase jamane seey sanrachanaatmak kshati hui thee. agast 2015 mein shuru hue pitfield key algron nirmaan key liye 26 laakh dollar kii bahaali pariyojana pradaan kii gaee thee.
prasaran tower.
halanki aitihaasik jile key hisse key roop mein naheen, ack radio aur ack television station paschim kii or shikhar key neeche ack prasaran tower seey prasaarit hotaa haih doubleu. aeye. aim. see. (90.3 albany, newyork); aur doubleu. 38. dee. ell. (38 addams, massachusets) (doubleu. aine. aaee. tii.-tv kaa repeater). ack noa mausam radio station (wwf-48,162.525 mhjd) pahaad parr ack alag tower seey prasaran kartaa haye. uttari berkshire shaukiya radio club coll saain key1efke key neeche pahaad parr kaee shaukiya radio repeater chalaata haye.
itihas.
americi saahitya mein.
19veen shatabdi key madhya taka, iss kshetra mein behtar parivahan ney kaee agantukon koo greelock kii or aakarshit kiya. unamen seey lekhak aur kalakar pahaadi drishya seey prerit theh nathaniel hothorn, villium cullon bryant, oliver wendell homes, herman melville aur heinry david thoro.
1838 kii garmiyon mein, hothorn ney uttar addams, massachusets kaa daura kiya thaa aur kaee baar mount greyluck parr chadhaai kii thee. vahaan unake anubhav, vishesh roop seey ack sair joe unhone aadhi raat koo kii, jahan unhone ack jalata huaa choone kaa bhattha dekhaa, ney unaki kahani koo prerit kiya, jiska mool sheershak thaa "akshamya paap". hothorn ney 1844 key baad seey kahaaniyan naheen likhi theen jaba unhone 1848-1849 kii sardiyon mein "ethan brand" likhaa thaa.
kahaa jaataa haye kii melville ney pitfield mein apane ghar key teer key sir seey pahaad key drishya seey "mobi-dick" key liye apani prerana kaa hissa liya thaa, kyonki isaki burf seey dhaki profile ney unhein ack mahaan safed shukranu whale kii peeth koo samudra kii satah koo todane kii yaad dilaa dee thee. melville ney apane agale upanyaas, "greyluck kii sabse utkrisht mahima" koo samarpit kiya, aur pahaad koo "meraa apana" kahaa... samprabhu swami aur raajaa. agast 1851 mein melville aur kuchh doston ney, jisamen yuva kavi saaraa morewood bhee shamil they, greelock key shikhar parr ack raat key liye derra daala. thoro ney julaai 1844 mein shikhar sammelan kiya aur ack raat bitaai. "ack saptah mein concard aur marymack nadiyon parr" iss ghatana key baare mein unake khaate mein unake drishtikon kaa varnan kiya gayaa joe aaj kii ghanti pipe trail haye. vidvaanon kaa kahana haye kii iss gray-lock anubhav ney unhein badal diyaa, apane bhaai johnn kii mrityu key baad, inn bhramnon koo apane dumm parr karane kii unaki kshamata kii pushti karate hue; aur 1845 mein agale varsh walden talab mein unake oobad-khabad vyaktivaad key prayog kii prastaavana key roop mein kaary kiya.
timothi dwite IV, ack baar prasiddh kavi aur upadeshak, aur yell college key adhyaksh, villium college key adhyaksh ebenezer fitch key saath, 1799 mein gray-lock parr chadhaai kii, shayed ack sthaaniya kisan geremia wilber dwara kaate gaye ack kathin maarg parr. dwite key yatra sansmaran mein parvat kaa varnan kiya gayaa haih "varsh key ack badey hisse key dauran, yeh yaa tou ubhara huaa hotaa haye yaa baadlon seey dhakaa hotaa haye, aur aspas key nivaasiyon koo mausam key parivartanon kaa sanket detaa haye, jisamen thodi bhee sateekta naheen hoti haye."
prabandhan aur vikas kaa itihas.
1830 mein college key adhyaksh edward dorr griffin dwara nirdeshit williams college key chhatron ney sudhaar kiya aur hopper road key anta seey shikhar taka ack pagadandi koo aur kaat diyaa. yeh vartamaan hopper trail haye, paaramparik roop seey chhatron dwara varsh mein ack baar chadhaai kii jaati haye.
maee 1831 mein chhatron dwara shikhar parr ack lakadi kaa mausam vigyaan vedhshala, "griffin kaa meenar" banaaya gayaa thaa. nau saal baad, ise ack adhik paryaapt lakadi key meenar dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jisase 1858 mein donati key dhumketu kii tasveer kheenchi gaee thee. 1863 mein professor albert hopkins dwara williamstown mein "alpine club" kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. club ney aksar pahaad parr derra daala aur kuchh sadasyon ney baad mein appalachian parvat club aur americi alpine club koo khojane mein madad kii.
19veen shatabdi key anta taka, clearcutting ney lakadi key utpaadon key liye gray-lock key adhikansh vanon koo chheen liya thaa, jisamen apper aur charcoal shamil they. isake saath hii jangal mein aag aur bhuskhalan bhee hue. 1885 mein gray-lock park association (jee. pee. aeye.) kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa aur paryatakon koo aakarshit karke paisa kamaane kii yojana key saath sthaaniya roop seey sheyaron koo becha gayaa thaa... company ney shikhar parr kharida aur nock road kii marammat kii. jee. pee. aeye. ney gaadi sadak key liye 25 pratishat shulk aur lohe key avalokan tower (1889 mein nirmit) parr chadhane key liye 10 pratishat shulk liya. ack saath, yeye shulk vartamaan dollar mein $key barabar hain.
lekin 12 saal baad, rinn key kaaran jee. pee. aeye. key vyaavsaayik bhavishya key sawal key saath, sthaaniya vidhayakon ney company kaa adhigrahan karane aur gray-lock raajya aarakshan banaane kaa prastaav rakhaa. ise 1898 mein mool bhoomi (antatah kull) mein jodane kii yojanaon key saath anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. berkshire county sarkaar koo aarakshan banaae rakhna thaa. anya praarambhik raajya aarakshan sampattiyon koo isi tarah sthaaniya county sarkaaron dwara sanchaalit kiya jaataa thaa. 
20veen sadee.
shikhar parr jaane vaali pahali kaaren, uttar seey notch road key madhyam seey, 1902 mein bhaap seey chalane vaali "locomobile" kii ack jodee thee; 1904 mein ack gasoline seey chalane vaali kaar kaa anusaran kiya gayaa. 1907 mein, berkshire county aayog ney dakshin seey shikhar taka ack naee sadak kholi, jisase maujooda uttari "notch road" koo badhaaya gayaa."county ney baad mein lambi paidal yatra key maargon key nirmaan mein bhaag liya, aur 1913 taka 17 pagadandiyon koo puuraa curr liya thaa. pahaad key paar appalachian trail maarg 1929 mein khola gayaa thaa, aur poore massachusets khand koo 1931 taka puuraa curr liya gayaa thaa.
shikhar parr massachusets (diggaj) yuddh smaarak tower 1932 mein puuraa huaa thaa. 1941 mein samaapt honey vaale nau varshon key dauran nagrik sanrakshan dall (see. see. see.) ney pahaad parr jyaadaatar apani 107veen company, maa camp aiss. pee.-7 key madhyam seey kaam kiya. see. see. see. key kaam mein sadak pranali mein sudhaar (satah parr), adirondac leane-too aashray, thunderbolt skii aashray aur isase sambandhit trail, saath hii saath bahut saare bascom lodge kaa nirmaan shamil thaa. 
1954 mein shuru hocker, pahaad parr ack havaai tramway banaane key liye gray-lock tramway pradhikaran kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. 1964 mein pradhikaran dwara ack skii resort kii yojana kii ghoshana key baad, mount greyluck surakshaatmak sangh naamak ack sthaaniya sanrakshan samooh ney aarakshan koo berkshire county seey raajya prabandhan mein sthanantarit karane key liye ack abhiyaan kaa netritva kiya. yeh 1966 mein safal huaa aur resort koo avaruddh karane mein madad kii. 
raajya udyaan.
mount gray-lock raajya aarakshan kaa prabandhan aur sanchaalan massachusets sanrakshan aur manoranjan vibhaag dwara kiya jaataa haye.
mount greyluck mein lagbhag 70 meal lambi paidal yatra key raaste hain, jinamen appalachian rashtriya praakritik pagadandi kaa 11.5 meal kaa khand bhee shamil haye. kaee sthaanon parr backpackers key liye adim shivir kii anumati haye. lenbaro mein karmchaariyukt agantuk kendra saal bhar khula rahata haye (maarg 7 seey 1.5 meal door).
1953 seey 1977 taka ack poorv prastaavit tramway/skii/resort vikas kaa sthal, gray-lock glain, addam mein ack udyaan haye, joe mount gray-lock raajya aarakshan seey sataa huaa haye. ise 1985 mein raajya dwara sanyukt saarvajanik-niji vikas key liye adhigrahit kiya gayaa thaa.

