
addam naaroozaviz

addam stanislav naaroozaviz (20 octuber 1733-8 julaai 1796) ack polish-lithuanian kuleen, kavi, itihaaskaar, natakkar, anuvaadak, prachaarak, jesuit aur roman catholic bishap they.
ack sjlachta parivaar mein janme, vaha polish raajaa stanislav august ponitovsky key karibi salaahkaar baney, smolensk key ack nammatra key bishap (1775-1790), λuck key bishap (1790-1796), aur sthaayi parishad (1781-1786) mein apani seat key madhyam seey polish-lithuanian rashtramandal kii sarkaar key sadasya baney.
unhein polish gyaan key sabse mahatvapurna lekhakon mein seey ack key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. apane shuruati varshon mein unhone aitihaasik shodh parr dhyaan kendrit karane aur pahale aadhunik polish itihaskaron mein seey ack banane seey pahale kavitaaen aur naatak likhe. praarambhik polish itihas parr ack atyadhik prabhaavshaali kaary, "historia narodu polskigo" ("polish rashtra kaa itihas") key saat khandon key lekhak, way polland key pahale rajvansh kaa varnan karane key liye "piast rajvansh" shabd koo lokpriya banaane key liye jimmedaar hain.
vyaktigat jeevan.
naruzviz parivaar madhyam varg key sjlachta (polish-lithuanian kuleenata) seey sambandhit thaa, joe sthaaniya sarkari karyalayon mein kaaryarat thaa aur polish-lithuanian rashtramandal key poul kshetra mein ack chhoti see sampatti thee, jahan addam naruzviz kaa janm huaa thaa. unhone apani shiksha pinsk key ack jesuit school mein shuru kii. 14 agast 1748 koo naaroozaviz jesuit order mein shamil hoe gaye, aur isake turant baad unhone adhyayan karna shuru curr diyaa aur 1753 seey vilnius vishvavidyalaya mein vyaakaran mein vyakhyan denaa shuru curr diyaa. unhone 1757 seey jesuits key kuleen boarding vishvavidyalaya, collegium nobilium inn varsau mein bayanbaji sikhai. lagbhag 1758 aur 1762 key beach unhone france key lyon mein college dee laa trinit mein dharamshastra kaa adhyayan kiya. unhein 17 janwari 1762 koo paas key vien mein pavitra adesh praapt hue. paschimi europe mein apane samay key dauran unhone germany, itali aur spen kaa daura kiya aur varsaay mein ack darshakon key dauran france kii polish raani, mairi lezzinska seey mulakat kii. polish-lithuanian rashtramandal mein lautane parr, unhone collegium nobilium mein ack vyakhyata key roop mein apani sthiti phir seey shuru kii, abb way french bhasha, kavita, bhugol aur itihas bhee padhaate hain; aaee. dee. 1 mein unhone sainya vidyalaya, cadets key dall mein kuchh vyakhyan diye.
1764 mein rajkumar addam casemiers zartoriski dwara polish raajaa stanislav august poniatovsky seey naruzviz kaa parichay karaaya gayaa thaa. vaha "-pahali polish saahityik patrika, joe varshon mein prakaashit hui thee, key sampaadak they, aur raajaa dwara aayojit kalaatmak samarohon mein ack pramukh niyamit they, jinhen guruwar key dopahar key bhojan key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. ack vipul lekhak, naaroozaviz koo 1771 mein raajaa seey unaki saahityik uplabdhiyon kii maanyata mein ack puraskar praapt huaa. usa samay key aspas, unhein pahale seey hii ponitovsky key sabse mukhar samarthakon, salaahkaaron aur sahyogiyon mein seey ack key roop mein ginaa jaataa thaa. 1773 mein jesuit adesh koo dabaa diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin raajaa ney naaroozaviz key liye kaee church padon kii vyavastha kii. shuru mein, unhone parrish mein padon parr kaary kiya. unhein smolensk key roman catholic diosis mein saha-bishap niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, aur unhein 25 maee 1775 koo ammos key nammatra key bishap key roop mein pavitra kiya gayaa thaa. way 1788 mein smolensk key bishap baney, aur 1790 mein luck key bishap baney. ponitovsky ney unhein 1776 mein sent stanislaus key adesh aur 1783 mein safed eagle key adesh seey sammaanit kiya.
1781 seey 1786 taka way sthaayi parishad key sadasya they, joe polish-lithuanian rashtramandal mein sarvocch prashaasnik pradhikaran thaa, aur mahaan lithuanian lekhak key darbar key pada parr bhee they. polish-lithuanian rashtramandal kii senate key sadasya key roop mein unhone mahaan sejam mein bhaag liya, jisase poniatovsky key gutt key desh mein sudhaar key prayason mein sahaayata millie. way 3 maee 1791 key samvidhaan key samarthak they aur samvidhaan key mitron mein seey ack they. unhone senate mein "raajaa key whip" key roop mein kaam kiya, halanki unhone sansadiya bahason mein ack pramukh bhoomika naheen nibhai, jyaadaatar ack lekhak aur aayojak key roop mein kaam kiya. mahaan shasson key pahale dou varshon key dauran, vaha ack anushaasit saansad they, sabhi baithakon mein bhaag lete they, aur satra mein prastut sabhi prastaavon mein shamil they. haalaanki, 1790 seey, raajneetik jeevan seey hatna shuru curr diyaa, aur unhone lock key bishapon kii seat, jaano podlaski mein apane nivaas parr bahut samay bitaaya. 1792 mein unhein dill kaa daura padaa. usa varsh polish-russie yuddh mein polish kii haar aur ponitovsky key pro-russie targovica sangh (jisamen naruzeviz bhee shamil hoe gaye) mein jabaran pravesh key baad, vaha raajneetik jeevan seey hutt gaye, grodo sejam mein bhaag naheen liya, aur apane antim varsh janov podlaski mein bitaaye. haalaanki unakaa swaasthya bigad rhaa thaa, lekin way koshiyusko vidroh key samarthak they, jisake kaaran unhein sangharsh key dauran kuchh samay key liye videsh mein sharan lenny padee. way baad mein janov podlaski laut aae, jahan polland key teesare vibhajan key turant baad 8 julaai 1796 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee. usey dabey mein dafnaya gayaa haye.
kaam kartaa haye.
naruzviz ack vipul lekhak they (polish aur lattin donon mein), jinhone 1740 key dashak key anta mein apane saahityik currier kii shuruat kii, unake pahale prakaashit kaam key saath, ack kavita joe zaan mikolaj chodkiviz koo samarpit thee, joe 1756 mein shuru hui, usake baad ack saal baad unaki pahali shodh pustika aaee. unhone odes, idials, vyangya, pariyon kii kahaaniyan, epigram aur rokoko kavitaaen likhin; unamen seey kaee ponitovsky kii prashansa curr rahey they, halanki una penegirik kritiyon koo shayed hii kabhi unakaa sarvshreshth maanaa jaataa haye. unhone yuvaaon key liye ack shaant naatak bhee likhaa, "gwido, arabi blezu" (1770). way ack prakaashak key roop mein bhee sakriya they aur lattin aur french kritiyon key ack anuvaadak key roop mein polish mein-unhone anacron, horres, tacitus jaise lekhakon key saath-saath aadhunik lattin-lekhan lekhakon jaise poul messies casemeres sarbiwski aur swiss salomon gesner key roop mein anuvaad kiya. way tacitus key karyon kaa polish mein anuvaad karane vaale pahale vyakti they.
apane baad key jeevan mein, unhone aitihaasik shodh parr dhyaan kendrit karate hue kathaa lekhan seey doori banaa lii. unake aitihaasik karyon mein hetman zaan karol chodkiviz (1781 mein prakaashit) parr ack monography aur anya ullekhaniya vyaktiyon kii 130 seey adhik chhoti jeevani shamil hain. chodkiviz kii jeevani abhilekhiya abhilekhon parr adharit unakaa pahala prakaashit kaary thaa. unake karyon mein poniatovsky key gutt key samarthan mein raajneetik parche bhee shamil hain, joe jyaadaatar aadhunik yug key liye nihitarth key saath raajneetik itihas key vishay parr kendrit hain. unake aitihaasik shodh kaa samaapan "historia narodu polskigo" ("polish rashtra kaa itihas") key saat khandon mein huaa, joe jyaadaatar varshon mein likhaa gayaa thaa aur baad key dashakon mein prakaashit huaa. polland key vyaapak itihas koo sankalit karane kaa pahala aadhunik prayaas, voltaire key karyon seey prerit yeh mahatvakankshi pariyojana adhuri thee, kyonki naaroozaviz ney 14veen shatabdi mein piast rajvansh key anta taka kewal polish itihas koo cover karane vaale khandon koo puuraa kiya thaa. raajneetik jeevan mein unaki badhati bhagidari key saath, naaroozaviz kaa aitihaasik shodh jyaadaatar 1780 key dashak key anta taka bund hoe gayaa; haalaanki 1790 key dashak kii shuruat taka vaha aitihaasik dastavejon kaa sankalan curr rahey they, jinhen "(naaroozaviz key folder") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki unake jeevan key dauran aprakaashit, way baad mein bhavishya key itihaskaron key liye ack moolyavaan sangrah bunn gaye, jisamen abb khoye hue granthon kii pratiyon sahit suvyavasthit dastavej they.
mahatva.
unakaa varnan dee dwara kiya gayaa haye.aar. polish gyaan key sansthapakon mein seey ack" key roop mein aur barbara volska dwara "polish gyaan key sabse mahatvapurna kaviyon mein seey ack" key roop mein, aur ponitovsky key raajneetik gutt seey judey sabse mahatvapurna kavi key roop mein. unhein praarambhik gyaan key pramukh polish saahityik vyakti key roop mein dekhaa gayaa, isase pahale kii usa sthiti koo ignacy krasiki dwara leey liya gayaa thaa. unake saahityik kaary koo wollscand plaat dwara gyaan kii bhavna mein upayukt key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, halanki aupchaarik roop seey-unake roop aur bhasha key madhyam seey-abhee bhee pichhale yug kii shailiyon (barok, klasikvad, bhavnavad aur rokoko) key saath kaee samaantaon koo pradarshit kartaa haye. naruzviz koo unake dwara polish saahitya kii shally mein kaee badlaavon kii shuruat karane aur kavita mein vyakt gyaan key vichaaron kii naveenata key polish moolkartaon mein seey ack honey kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. unake karyon ney kaee lekhakon koo prerit kiya haye.
norman davis aur johnn dee key anusaar. steinly, naaroozaviz koo pahale aadhunik polish itihaskaron mein bhee naamit kiya gayaa haye. vishesh roop seey, vaha pahale aadhunik itihaaskaar bhee they jinhone polland key pahale rajvansh kaa varnan karane key liye piast rajvansh shabd kaa upayog kiya, aur baad kii itihas rachana mein ise lokpriya banaaya. plaat key anusaar, vaha joachim levell taka sabse mahatvapurna polish itihaaskaar they. polish itihaslekhan mein, rajshahi aur majboot kendriya shakti kaa samarthan karane vaale "naruzviz school" aur adhik udaar-republican "levell school" key beach ack antar haye. unake saahityik kaary kii tarah, unake aitihaasik shodh aur lekhan gyaan key darshan seey prabhaavit rahey hain, yeh unaki karyapranali aur darshan (vyavhaarvaad, anubhavvaad, manavtavad, vyavharikta, parampara key baare mein sandeh, dharmnirpekshata aur upyogitaavaad jaisi avadhaaranaon kaa paalan karna), unaki sthaaniya bhasha lekhan shally aur unake lakshyon, jaise kii gharelu rajneeti key adhyayan parr jore denaa, ack majboot rajshahi kaa samarthan karna, aur rashtriya uplabdhiyon mein garv (saahitya mein polish bhasha key upayog key liye unake samarthan sahit) donon mein dikhaai detaa haye.johnn dee. steinly ney unaki "satya key liye bhaari sammaan" key liye unaki prashansa kii, joe unaki karyapranali mein dikhaai detaa haye, aalochanatmak vishleshan seey bharaa haye-jisamen virodhabhasi khaaton kii charcha aur sroton key vyaapak aur vistrit sandarbh shamil hain.
notes.
aeye. unakaa sateek janmasthan agyaat haye. unakaa naam pinsak key paas rakhaa gayaa thaa.

