
baaj

baaz paalan ack prashikshit shikaar pakshi key madhyam seey jangli jaanvaron kaa unaki praakritik sthiti aur nivaas sthaan mein shikaar haye. chhote jaanvaron kaa shikaar kiya jaataa haye; gilhari aur khargosh aksar inn pakshiyon kaa shikaar hoe jaate hain. baaj mein shamil vyakti kaa varnan karane key liye dou paaramparik shabdon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haih ack "baaz" baaz udaataa haye; ack "austringer" (purana francisi mool) ack baaz ("accipitor", kuchh beauto aur isi tarah kaa) yaa ack baaz ("aquilla" yaa isi tarah kaa) udaataa haye. aadhunik baazon mein, laal-poonchh vaalaa baaz ("beautio jamaisensis"), harris kaa baaz ("parabutio unisynctus"), aur peregreen baaz ("falco perigrinus") shikaar key kuchh adhik samanya roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale pakshi hain. ack vatanukoolit baaz pakshi key saath shikaar karane kii pratha koo "hocking" yaa "gamehocking" bhee kahaa jaataa haye, halanki hocking aur hocker shabdon kaa upayog chhote yatra vyapariyon koo sandarbhit karane key liye itna hoe gayaa haye kii abb "baaz" aur "baaz" shabd khel pakadane key liye shikaar key prashikshit pakshiyon key adhikansh upayog parr lagu hotey hain. haalaanki, kaee samkaaleen abhyaskarta abhee bhee inn shabdon kaa upayog apane mool arth mein karate hain.
praarambhik angreji baaz saahitya mein, "baaz" shabd kewal ack mahila peregreen baaz koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jabaki "baaz" yaa "baaz" shabd ack mahila baaz koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. ack narr baaj yaa baaz koo "tearcel" (kabhi-kabhi "tursell" likhaa jaataa haye) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa, kyonki yeh aakar mein mahila kii tulanaa mein lagbhag ack tihai cumm thaa. yeh paaramparik arab khel poore europe mein vikasit huaa. baaj bhee arab sanskriti kaa prateek haye.
samkaaleen baazon mein upayog kiye jaane vaale pakshi.
baaj mein kaee raptors kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. unhein aam taur parr iss prakaar vargeekrit kiya jaataa haih
ullu kaa bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye, halanki way bahut cumm aam hain.
yeh nirdhaarit karane mein kii kyaa kissy prajaati kaa upayog baaz key liye kiya jaa sakata haye yaa naheen, bandee vatavaran mein prajaati key vyavhaar, prashikshan key prati isaki pratikriyashilta, aur isake vishisht shikaar aur shikaar kii aadton parr vichaar kiya jaataa haye. kuchh hudd taka, ack prajaati kii pratishtha yeh nirdhaarit karegi kii iska upayog kiya jaataa haye yaa naheen, halanki iss kaarak koo vastunishth roop seey maapana kuchh kathin haye.
shuruati logon key liye prajaatiyan.
uttari america mein, saksham laal-poonchh vaale baaz koo aamtaur parr shuruati baazon dwara unaki prashikshuta key dauran udaaya jaataa haye. shuruati logon key liye castrell kii upayogita parr isaki antarnihit najukta key kaaran raay bhinn hoti haye. britten mein, shuruati baazon koo aksar pakshiyon kii ack badee vividhata praapt karane kii anumati dee jaati haye, lekin harris key baaz aur laal poonchh vaale baaz kaa upayog aam taur parr shuruati aur anubhavi baazon key liye samaan roop seey kiya jaataa haye. laal-poonchh vaale baazon koo britten mein kaid mein unake prajanan mein aasaani, unaki antarnihit kathorta aur khargoshon aur khargoshon kaa shikaar karane kii unaki kshamata key kaaran uchch sammaan mein rakhaa jaataa haye joe aamtaur parr poore britten key graameen ilaakon mein paae jaate hain. britten aur uttari america mein kaee baaz aasaan pakshiyon key saath apane parichay key baad twarit yaa badey baazon kii or rukh karate hain. sanyukt raajya america mein, twarit chalakon, kaee prakaar key beauto aur badey baazon koo kewal una baazon key swaamitva mein rahane kii anumati haye jinake paas samanya licenses haye. sanyukt raajya america mein teen prakaar key baaz licenses, aamtaur parr, prashikshu varg, samanya varg aur master varg hain.
oodhate baaj aur aam buzzard ("beautio").
genus "beautio", jise uttari america mein "hocks" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye aur giddhon key saath bhramit naheen honah chaahiye, kaa duniya bhar mein vitaran haye, lekin uttari america mein vishesh roop seey achchi tarah seey pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye. laal-poonchh vaalaa baaz, lauh-yukt baaz, aur shayed hii kabhi, laal-kandhe vaalaa baaz iss vansh kii sabhi prajaatiyon key udaaharan hain joe aaj baaz mein upayog kiye jaate hain. laal-poonchh vaalaa baaz kathor aur bahumukhi hotaa haye, joe khargosh, khargosh aur gilhariyon koo letaa haye; sahee paristhitiyon koo dekhate hue, yeh kabhi-kabhaar batakh yaa teetar koo pakad sakata haye. laal poonchh vaale baaz koo bhee shuruati logon key liye ack achchha pakshi maanaa jaataa haye. eurasian yaa aam buzzard kaa bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye, halanki khargoshon kaa shikaar karane key liye iss prajaati koo adhik dridhata kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
harris hock ("parabutio unicincus").
"parabutio unicincus" duniya bhar mein "parabutio" vansh key dou pratinidhiyon mein seey ack haye. doosara safed-koobad vaalaa baaz haye ("pee. leucorus "). yakinan kaheen bhee upalabdh sabse achchha khargosh yaa khargosh raptor, harris kaa baaz bhee pakshiyon koo pakadane mein nipun haye. aksar bandee nasl kaa, harris kaa baaz apane swabhaav aur kshamata key kaaran ullekhaniya roop seey lokpriya haye. yeh jangli jeevan mein samoohon yaa samooh mein paaya jaataa haye, aur bhediyon key samaan samajik padanukram key saath sahyogaatmak roop seey shikaar kartaa haye. yeh atyadhik samajik vyavhaar kissy bhee anya pakshi-shikaar prajaati mein naheen dekhaa jaataa haye, aur baaj key liye bahut anukool haye. yeh vansh dakshini texas aur arizona seey laker dakshin america taka america kaa mool nivasi haye. harris key baaz kaa upayog aksar kaar hocking (yaa drive-baay baaz) kii aadhunik takneek mein kiya jaataa haye, jahan raptor koo chalati kaar kii khidki seey upayukt shikaar parr launch kiya jaataa haye.
asli baaz ("acpter").
genus "accipitor" bhee duniya bhar mein paaya jaataa haye. baaz visheshagya mike mcdermott ney ack baar kahaa thaa, "hadataali kaa hamla harr tarah seey behad tej, tej aur hinsak haye."way europe aur uttari america donon mein baazon key upayog mein prasiddh hain. uttari goshock koo saikadon varshon seey baazon key liye prashikshit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen vibhinn prakaar key pakshi aur standhari paae jaate hain. baaz mein upayog kii jaane vaali anya lokpriya "accipitor" prajaatiyon mein uttari america mein cooper hock aur sharp-shinned hock aur europe aur eurasia mein europeeya gauraiya hock shamil hain.
harriers ("circus").
newzealand key baazon key liye harrier prajaati kaa upayog karane vaale kuchh deshon mein seey ack honey kii sambhavana haye; vahaan, baaz australiyai harrier ("circus approximan") key saath safaltapurvak shikaar karate hain.
baaz ("baaz").
baaz" vansh duniya bhar mein paaya jaataa haye aur pracheen aur aadhunik baazon mein ack kendriya sthaan parr kabja curr liya haye. baaj mein upayog kii jaane vaali adhikansh baaz prajaatiyan vishesh shikari hain, joe peregreen baaz aur marlin jaise pakshi shikaar koo pakadane key liye anukoolit hain. asia aur paschimi asia mein pracheen aur aadhunik baazon mein sekar baaz jaise registani baazon kaa upayog ack ullekhaniya apavaad haye, jahan khargosh they aur aamtaur parr liye jaate hain. uttari america mein, prayeri baaz aur girfalcan baazon mein khargoshon aur khargoshon (saath hii maanak gamebird aur waterfall) jaise chhote standhari shikaar koo pakad sakate hain, lekin iska abhyaas shayed hii kabhi kiya jaataa haye. sanyukt raajya america mein yuva baaz prashikshu aksar americi castral key saath kalaa kaa abhyaas karna shuru curr dete hain, joe uttari america mein sabse chhote baaz hain; iss parr bahas bunny hui haye, kyonki way chhote, najuk pakshi hain, aur aggar unaki upeksha kii jaati haye tou way aasaani seey marr sakate hain. chhoti prajaatiyan, jaise kii castral, marlin aur shauk aksar chhote pakshiyon jaise starling yaa gauraiyon parr udaaya jaataa haye, lekin iska upayog manoranjak bugg hocking key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye-yaani dragonflies, tiddiyon aur patangon jaise badey udane vaale keedon kaa shikaar karna.
ullu (stragidae).
ullu (parivaar strigidae) baaj yaa baaz seey nikatata seey sambandhit naheen hain. classic baaz mein bahut cumm likhaa gayaa haye joe baaz mein ullu key upayog parr charcha kartaa haye. haalaanki, cumm seey cumm dou prajaatiyon kaa safaltapurvak upayog kiya gayaa haye, eurasian eagle-ullu aur badey seeng vaale ullu. ullu kaa safal prashikshan baazon aur baazon key prashikshan seey bahut alag haye, kyonki way drishti-unmukh honey key bajaay sunane vaale hotey hain. (ullu kewal kaale aur safed dekh sakate hain, aur lambi drishti vaale hotey hain.) yeh aksar baazon koo yeh vishvaas karane key liye prerit kartaa haye kii way cumm buddhiman hain, kyonki way nae yaa apraakritik shore seey aasaani seey vichalit hoe jaate hain, aur way bhojan key sanketon key liye utani aasaani seey pratikriya naheen dete hain. haalaanki, yadi safaltapurvak prashikshit kiya jaataa haye, tou ullu baaj aur baaz key samaan star parr buddhi dikhaate hain.
boot kiye gaye cheel ("akvila").
akvila" (sabhi mein "boot" yaa pankh vaale tarsi hain) vansh kaa lagbhag duniya bhar mein vitaran haye. baaj mein adhik shaktishali prakaron kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye; udaaharan key liye sunhare cheel kaa upayog kathit taur parr kazakhstan mein bhediyon kaa shikaar karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, aur abb paschimi mangolian praant bayan-olgi mein altai kazakh cheel shikariyon dwara lomadiyon aur anya badey shikaar kaa shikaar karane key liye sabse vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye, kyonki way padosi kyrgyzstan mein hain. adhikansh mukhya roop seey jameen-unmukh hotey hain, lekin kabhi-kabhi pakshiyon koo bhee leey jaate hain. baazon mein anya shikaar pakshiyon kii tarah vyaapak roop seey baazon kaa upayog naheen kiya jaataa haye, kyonki badee prajaatiyon mein bahumukhi pratibha kii kamee (way mukhya roop seey badey, khule maidan parr shikaar karate hain), yadi vyaapak roop seey aabaadi vaale kshetra mein shikaar kiya jaataa haye tou anya logon key liye adhik sambhaavit khatra, aur ack cheel koo prashikshit karane aur prabandhit karane mein kathinaaee. madhya asia mein 300 seey thodaa adhik sakriya baaz cheel kaa upayog curr rahey hain, paschimi mangolia mein 250, kazakhstan mein 50 aur kyrgyzstan aur paschimi chean mein cumm sankhya mein.
samudri cheel ("haliatus").
heliatus" vansh kii adhikansh prajaatiyan machhali pakadati hain aur khaati hain, kuchh lagbhag vishesh roop seey, lekin una deshon mein jahaan way sanrakshit naheen hain, kuchh kaa prabhaavi roop seey jamini khadaan key shikaar mein upayog kiya gayaa haye.
pashupalan, prashikshan aur upkaran.
"hack (baaz) aur baaz prashikshan aur takneek dekhein. baaz aur baaz key beach ack gahare bandhan koo poshit karke unhein prashikshit kiya jaa sakata haye.yadi unhein shikaar naheen karna haye tou unhein baaz key sir koo chamade kii patti seey dhakna chaahiye."
duniya bhar mein baaj.
vartamaan mein duniya bhar key kaee deshon mein baaj kaa abhyaas kiya jaataa haye. baaz kii paaramparik pasand uttari goshock aur peregreen baaz haye. uttari america aur britten donon mein samkaaleen baazon mein, way lokpriya baney hue hain, halanki harris key baaz aur laal-poonchh vaale baazon kaa adhik vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye. uttari goshock aur golden eagle kaa upayog purvi europe mein anya jagahon kii tulanaa mein adhik kiya jaataa haye. paschim asia mein, sekar baaz sabse paaramparik prajaati haye joe haubara bustard, sandgroos, stone-curley, anya pakshiyon aur khargoshon key khilaf udatee haye. peregreen aur anya bandee nasl key aayatit baaz bhee aam hain. baaj arab viraasat aur sanskriti kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa banaa huaa haye. yuu. aeye. ee. kathit taur parr jangli baazon key sanrakshan aur sanrakshan key liye salana 27 million dollar seey adhik kharch kartaa haye, aur aboo dhaabi aur dubai mein kaee atyaadhunik baaz aspatalon kii sthaapana kii haye. aboo dhaabi baaz aspatal poori duniya kaa sabse badaa baaz aspatal haye. amirat mein dou prajanan farm hain, saath hii katar aur saudi arab mein bhee hain. aaboo dhaabi mein adihex pradarshani mein harr saal baaz saundarya pratiyogita aur pradarshan hotey hain.
eurasian gauraiyaon kaa upayog pahale chhote pakshiyon kii ack shrinkhala koo lene key liye kiya jaataa thaa, lekin vaastav mein gambhir baazon key liye bahut najuk hain, aur abb americi prajaatiyon key upalabdh honey key kaaran way pasand seey baahar hoe gaye hain.
uttari america aur britten mein, baaz aamtaur parr pakshiyon key baad hii udate hain. badey baazon koo aam taur parr "prateeksha-parr" shally mein udane key liye prashikshit kiya jaataa haye, jahaan baaz girata haye aur baaz aur/yaa kutte key oopar chakkar lagaata haye aur jaba baaz vaanchhit kamaan sthiti mein hotaa haye tou khadaan koo saaf kiya jaataa haye. britten mein shaastriya khel hocking mein laal grouse key khilaf udane vaale peregreen baazon kaa ack brace thaa, yaa skylark key baad "ringing" udaanon mein marlin. badey baazon key liye rooks aur kauve classic khel hain, aur magpi, joe chaalaak tareeke seey udane kii kshamata mein kamee koo puuraa kartaa haye, ack aur aam lakshya haye. chhote pankhon koo khule aur jangli donon deshon mein vibhinn prakaar key pakshi aur chhote standhari shikaar key khilaf udaaya jaa sakata haye. badey baazon key saath adhikansh shikaar key liye badey, khule maargon kii aavashyakta hoti haye jahan baaz koo cover taka pahunchane seey pahale apani khadaan parr hamla karane yaa usey jabt karane kaa avsar diyaa jaataa haye. adhikansh europe baazon kii samaan shailiyon kaa abhyaas kartaa haye, lekin vibhinn staron key viniyaman key saath.
madhyayugeen baaz aksar ghodon kii sawari karate they, lekin samkaaleen kazakh aur mangolian baazon koo chhodkar abb yeh durlabh haye. kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan aur mangolia mein, sunhare cheel koo paaramparik roop seey udaaya jaataa haye (aksar ghode kii peeth seey), lomadiyon aur bhediyon key roop mein badey shikaar kaa khel.
japan mein, uttari goshock kaa upayog sadiyon seey kiya jaataa rhaa haye. japan kuchh aadhunik takneekon aur praudyogikiyon koo apanaate hue baaz ("takagari") key saath apane majboot aitihaasik sambandhon kaa sammaan karna jaari rakhta haye.
australia mein, halanki baaj vishesh roop seey avaidh naheen haye, lekin uchit anumati key binaa kissy bhee prakaar key shikaar pakshi koo kaid mein rakhna avaidh haye. ekmatra chhoot taba hoti haye jaba pakshiyon koo punarvaas key uddeshyon key liye rakhaa jaataa haye (jisake liye abhee bhee ack licenses honah chaahiye), aur aisee paristhitiyon mein ack saksham baaj key liye ack pakshi koo jangli khadaan kaa shikaar karna aur maarnaa sikhana sambhav hoe sakata haye, joe achche swaasthya aur ack upayukt sthiti key punarvaas key apane shasson key hisse key roop mein haye jise jangal mein chhoda jaanaa haye.
newzealand mein, baazon koo aupchaarik roop seey kewal ack prajaati key liye vaidh curr diyaa gayaa thaa, 2011 mein daldali/australiyai harrier ("circus approximan"). yeh kewal 25 varshon seey adhik key prayaas key saath sambhav thaa donon pankhon key rashtriya pakshi shikaar kendra aur newzealand key raptor sangh. baaj kaa abhyaas kewal una logon dwara kiya jaa sakata haye jinhen sanrakshan vibhaag dwara baaj kaa permit jaari kiya gayaa haye. pakshiyon key hraas aur raptor punarvaas jaise sparsh pahalu bhee apane lakshyon koo praapt karane key liye baaz takneekon kaa upayog karate hain.
aaj baaj.
baaz apani kishoravastha mein jeevit reh sakate hain, badey baaz lambe samay taka jeevit rahate hain aur cheel madhyam ayu varg key maalikon koo dekh sakate hain. bachaaye gaye pakshiyon key bandee prajanan key madhyam seey, pichhale 30 varshon mein khel kaa ack mahaan punarjanm huaa haye, jisamen kaee navachar hain; baaj kii lokpriyata, graameen gharon aur khel melon mein pralobhan udaan pradarshan key madhyam seey, shayed pichhale 300 varshon mein kabhi adhik naheen rahee haye. pakshi vigyaan kii "jeevit pakshi" patrika kii cornell prayogshala key sampaadak, pakshi vigyaani tima galagher ney 2008 kii ack pustak "baaz bukhaar" mein aadhunik baaz key saath apane anubhavon kaa dastavejikaran kiya.
raptors aur unake shikaar key beach praakritik sambandh kaa upayog karate hue, baazon kaa upayog abb shahari kshetron, landfill, vaanijyik bhavanon, hotalon aur havaai addon mein keat pakshiyon aur jaanvaron koo niyantrit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
baaz paalan kendra yaa shikaar key pakshi kendra inn raptors koo rakhate hain. way pakshi-shikaar sanrakshan key kaee pahaluon (shiksha aur prajanan key liye pakshiyon koo rakhane key madhyam seey) key liye jimmedaar hain. kaee niyamit roop seey udaan pradarshan aur shaikshik vaarta aayojit karate hain, aur duniya bhar mein agantukon key beach lokpriya hain.
aise kendra inn raptors key saath baaj key pathyakram, baaz kii sair, pradarshan aur anya anubhav bhee pradaan curr sakate hain.
club aur sangathan.
britten mein, british baaz club (bee. aff. see.) baaz clubon mein sabse purana aur sabse badaa haye. bee. aff. see. kii sthaapana 1927 mein puraane hocking club key jeevit sadasyon dwara kii gaee thee, jisaki sthaapana swayam 1864 mein hui thee. yuke key shikaar palakon key hiton kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale ack salaahkaar nikaay, hock board key saath milkar kaam karate hue, bee. aff. see. raptor sanrakshan, baaz shiksha aur tikaau baazon key vikas mein sabse aage haye. 1927 mein sthaapit, bee. aff. see. kii abb 1,200 seey adhik baazon kii sadasyata haye. yeh ack chhote aur kuleen club key roop mein shuru huaa, lekin abb yeh ack badaa loktaantrik sangathan haye jisamen jeevan key sabhi kshetron key sadasya, udate baaj, baaz aur cheel poore british dweepon mein kanuni khadaan mein hain.
1961 mein sthaapit uttari americi baaz sangh (napha), america, kanada aur maxico mein baazon key liye pramukh club haye, aur duniya bhar mein isake sadasya hain. napha sanyukt raajya america kaa praathamik club haye aur isaki sadasyata duniya bhar seey haye. adhikansh sanyukt raajya america raajyon key apane baaz club hain. haalaanki yeye club mukhya roop seey samajik hain, way usa raajya key vanyajeev niyamon key sambandh mein apane raajyon key bheetar baazon kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye bhee kaam karate hain.
1968 mein sthaapit antarrashtriya baaz sangathan aur shikaar key pakshiyon key sanrakshan key liye sangathan, vartamaan mein duniya bhar key 87 deshon key 156 baaz clubon aur sanrakshan sangathanon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, jisamen kull 75,000 seey adhik sadasya hain.
saudi baaz club baazon kii sanskriti seey judee aitihaasik viraasat koo sanrakshit kartaa haye, aur jagrukta failata haye aur baazon kii raksha karane aur baazon koo phalane-phoolane key liye prashikshan pradaan kartaa haye.
bandee prajanan aur sanrakshan.
shikaar key pakshiyon kaa safal aur abb vyaapak bandee prajanan pee. see. bee. aiss. aur dee. dee. tii. jaise lagaatar vishaakt padarthon key kaaran ghatati jangli aabaadi, avaanchhaniya shikariyon key roop mein vyavasthit utpeedan, nivaas sthaan kii haani aur isake parinamswarup baaj key liye lokpriya prajaatiyon kii seemit upalabdhata, vishesh roop seey peregreen baaz key kaaran shuru huaa. kaid mein prajanan karane vaale pahale gyaat raptor ack german baaz they jinka naam renz waller thaa. 1942-43 mein, unhone germany key dusseldorf mein dou yuva peregreen kaa utpaadan kiya.
uttari america mein peregreen baazon kaa pahala safal bandee prajanan 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein peregreen fund, professor aur baaz henz meng, aur anya niji baaz/prajanankarta jaise david jamieson aur less boyd dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone kritrim garbhadhan key madhyam seey pahale peregreen kaa prajanan kiya thaa. grate britten mein, newent, gluestershire mein baaz kendra key baaz phillip glazier, bandee raptors kii 20 seey adhik prajaatiyon seey yuva praapt karane mein safal rahey. vibhinn sarkari agencies, gair-sarkari sangathanon aur baazon key beach ack sahakaari prayaas shuru huaa taaki khatare mein vibhinn jangli raptor aabaadi koo poorak banaaya jaa sakey. yeh prayaas uttari america mein sabse majboot thaa, jahaan 1972 key luptapray prajaati adhiniyam key madhyam seey dhana aavantan key saath-saath mahatvapurna niji daan ney bandee nasl key peregreen, golden eagle, ganje cheel, diplomado baaz aur anya kii rihaai jaari rakhane key saadhan pradaan kiye. 1980 key dashak key madhya taka, baaz pakshiyon key prashikshan aur udaan key sroton key sambandh mein aatmanirbhar hoe gaye they, saath hii bandee prajanan dwara pradaan kiye gaye atyadhik mahatvapurna sanrakshan laabhon key alawa.
1972 aur 2001 key beach, yuu. aiss. mein baaj key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale lagbhag sabhi peregreen.aiss. yuu seey pahale liye gaye baazon kii santan seey bandee-nasl they. aiss. luptapray prajaati adhiniyam paarit kiya gayaa thaa, aur kanada aur vishesh paristhitiyon seey upalabdh jangli jeane key una kuchh mishranon seey. peregreen baazon koo 25 agast, 1999 koo sanyukt raajya america kii luptapray prajaatiyon kii soochi seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. anta mein, americi machhali aur vanyajeev seva key saath varshon key karibi kaam key baad, 2001 mein jangli peregreen key seemit sevan kii anumati dee gaee thee, 30 seey adhik varshon mein vishesh roop seey baazon key liye pahala jangli peregreen liya gayaa thaa.
poore sannihit sanyukt raajya mein peregreen baazon kii vasuli mein peregreen fund dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale captive-breeding stock kii utpatti parr kuchh vivaad maujood haye. prajanan pashu mein kaee peregreen upa-prajaatiyon koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen eurasian mool key pakshi bhee shamil they. purvi upa-prajaati ("falco peregrinus anatum") key vilupt honey, madhya-paschim mein isake vilupt honey key karib honey aur uttari americi prajanan stock key bheetar seemit jeane pool key kaaran, gair-deshi upa-prajaati koo shamil karna samagr roop seey prajaatiyon key bheetar paaee jaane vaali aanuvanshik vividhata koo anukoolit karane key liye uchit thaa. luptapray prajaatiyon key punah parichay paridrishyon mein aisee ranneetiyaan aam hain, jahaan naatakiya roop seey jansankhya mein girawat key parinamswarup aanuvanshik baadha aatee haye aur aanuvanshik vividhata kaa nuksan hotaa haye.
jangli baazon key shikaar, ayaat aur niryaat koo viniyamit karane vaale kaanoon poore asia mein bhinn hotey hain, aur kuchh kshetron mein vartamaan rashtriya aur antarrashtriya niyamon key prabhaavi pravartan kii kamee haye. yeh sambhav haye kii arab praaydweep mein baaz bazaron mein bandee nasl key baazon key prasaar ney jangli baazon kii iss maang koo cumm curr diyaa hoe.
sankar baaz.
falco" vansh key bheetar kii prajaatiyan nikatata seey sambandhit hain, aur kuchh jodee vyavharya santan paida karati hain. bhaari uttari girfalcan aur asiai sekar vishesh roop seey nikatata seey sambandhit hain, aur kyaa altai baaz sekar kii upa-prajaati haye yaa praakritik roop seey paae jaane vaale sankaron key vanshaj hain, yeh gyaat naheen haye. peregreen aur prayeri baazon koo jangli mein prajanan karate hue dekhaa gayaa haye aur unhone santan paida kii haye. inn jodon koo durlabh maanaa jaataa haye, lekin nikatata seey sambandhit prajaatiyon key beach atirikt-jodee maithun adhik baar hoe sakata haye aur/yaa adhikansh praakritik honey vaale sankaran key liye jimmedaar hoe sakata haye. kuchh purush pahali peedhi key sankaron mein vyavharya shukranu hoe sakate hain, jabaki bahut cumm pahali peedhi kii mahila sankar upajaau andey detee hain. iss prakaar, raptor prajaatiyon mein swabhavik roop seey honey vaale sankaran koo jeane pravaah key liye kuchh hudd taka mahatvaheen maanaa jaataa haye.
kaid mein utpaadit pahala sankar baaz paschimi ireland mein huaa jaba anubhavi baaz ronald stevens aur johnn morris ney vasant aur garmiyon kii shuruat key liye ack purush sekar aur ack mahila peregreen koo ack hii moulting myu mein daal diyaa, aur donon ney sanga milkar santan paida kii.
bandee nasl key sankar baaz 1970 key dashak key anta seey upalabdh hain, aur 1990 key dashak mein uttari america aur britten mein lokpriyata mein ulkapind vriddhi kaa anand liya. sankaron koo shuru mein gairfalcon kii kshaitij gati aur aakar koo peregreen key achche swabhaav aur havaai kshamata key saath jodane key liye "banaaya gayaa thaa. sankar baazon ney pahali baar poore arab praaydweep mein badee lokpriyata hassil kii, vishesh roop seey badee aur aakramak mahila baazon kii maang koo puuraa kiya, joe paschim asia key registanon mein bahut badey haubara bustard, classic baaz khadaan kaa saamana karane mein saksham aur taiyar theen. yeye baaz arab baazon key beach bhee bahut lokpriya they, kyonki way uttari golardh kii anya shuddh prajaatiyon kii tulanaa mein tanaavpurna registan kii sthitiyon mein shwasan roga (mould genus "aspergillus" seey aspergillosis) kaa saamana karane kii pravritti rakhate they.
kritrim chayan aur gharelukaran.
kuchh logon kaa maanana haye kii raptor kii koee bhee prajaati lambe samay seey kaid mein naheen rahee haye, joe vaanchhit lakshnon key liye safal chayanaatmak prajanan seey gujri haye. kaee peedhiyon seey raptors key bandee prajanan key parinamswarup, yaa tou jaanboojhkar, yaa anivarya roop seey kaid key parinamswarup, kuchh lakshnon key chayan mein, jinamen shamil hainh
baaj pakshiyon seey bhaag gaye.
baazon key pakshi anivarya roop seey kabhi-kabhi khou jaate hain, halanki adhikansh phir seey paae jaate hain. pakshiyon koo phir seey paae jaane kaa mukhya kaaran yeh haye kii, muft udaanon key dauran, pakshi aamtaur parr radio transmitter yaa ghanti pahanate hain. samvaahak poonchh key beach mein, peeth parr yaa pakshi key pairon seey judey hotey hain.
britten mein bachane yaa chhode jaane key baad prajaatiyon key sthaapit honey key record mein shamil hainh
1986 mein, ack khoye hue bandee-nasl kii maadaa prayeri baaz (jise kaid mein ack vayask peregreen dwara cross-forst kiya gayaa thaa) koo yoota mein ack jangli narr peregreen key saath jodaa gayaa. prayeri baaz koo fansaaya gayaa aur andey hataa diye gaye, ushmaayit kiye gaye aur andey seey andey nikale aur sankar santanon koo baazon koo diyaa gayaa. jangli peregreen agale varsh ack aur peregreen key saath jodaa gayaa.
havaai mein baaz paalan kaafee hudd taka pratibandhit haye kyonki dweep shrinkhala mein shikaar key gair-deshi pakshiyon key bachane kii ashanka haye aur deshi vanyajeevon aur paudhon key samudaayon parr aakramak prajaatiyon key prabhaav kii pahale seey hii ack vyaapak samasya badh gaee haye.
niyam.
grate britten mein.
sanyukt raajya america key vipareet, grate britten mein baaz paalan kii anumati vishesh licenses key binaa haye, lekin kewal bandee nasl key pakshiyon kaa upayog karane parr pratibandh maujood haye. 1981 key vanyajeev aur graameen bill key paarit honey key dauran westminster mein lambi, record todane vaali bahason mein, shaahi samaaj dwara pakshiyon aur anya lobby samoohon key sanrakshan key liye baazon koo gairkaanooni ghoshit karane key prayaas kiye gaye they, lekin inca safaltapurvak virodh kiya gayaa thaa. britten mein sadiyon puraane lekin anaupchaarik astitva key baad, baaz key khel koo antatah vanyajeev aur graameen adhiniyam 1981 dwara grate britten mein aupchaarik kanuni darja diyaa gayaa, jisane ise jaari rakhane kii anumati dee, basharte kii britten key mool nivasi sabhi bandee raptors koo aadhikarik roop seey gheraa gayaa aur sarkaar-panjikrit kiya gayaa. pakshiyon kii utpatti kii pushti karane key liye dee. aine. aeye. pareekshan bhee upalabdh thaa. 1982 seey, british sarkaar kii licenses aavashyaktaon kii dekhrekh grate britten key mukhya vanyajeev adhiniyam nireekshak dwara kii jaati rahee haye, jinhen avaitanik sahayak nireekshakon key ack panel dwara sahaayata pradaan kii jaati haye.
british baaz apane khel key liye poori tarah seey bandee nasl key pakshiyon parr nirbhar hain. baaj key liye jangal seey raptors koo lene kii anumati, halanki sarkari licenses key tahat kaanoon dwara anumati dee gaee haye, haal key dashakon mein isaki anumati naheen dee gaee haye.
kissy koo bhee kanuni roop seey panjikrit yaa bandee-nasl key raptor rakhane kii anumati haye, halanki baaz yeh ingit karane key liye utsuk hain kii yeh baaz kaa paryaay naheen haye, jisamen vishesh roop seey ack prashikshit pakshi key saath jeevit khadaan kaa shikaar karna shamil haye. kewal ack paltu janwar yaa kabje key roop mein rakhaa gayaa ack raptor, halanki kaanoon isaki anumati dey sakata haye, baaz kaa pakshi naheen maanaa jaataa haye. pakshiyon kaa upayog prajanan key liye kiya jaa sakata haye yaa unake shikaar key dinn samaapt honey key baad rakhaa jaa sakata haye, lekin baazon kaa maanana haye kii yeh behtar haye kii chhote, swasth pakshiyon koo khadaan mein udaaya jaae.
sanyukt raajya america mein.
sanyukt raajya america mein, havaai aur kolambiya jile koo chhodkar sabhi raajyon mein baaj paalan vaidh haye. ack baaz key paas khel kaa abhyaas karane key liye raajya kii anumati honey chaahiye. (2008 mein ack sanghiya anumati kii aavashyaktaaen badal dee gaeen aur karyakram 1 janwari, 2014 seey prabhaavi roop seey bund curr diyaa gayaa) sanyukt raajya america mein ack baaj licenses praapt karane key liye ack ichchuk baaj koo ack likhit pariksha utteern karane, upkaran aur suvidhaon kaa nireekshan karane aur ack licenses praapt baaj key tahat ack prashikshu key roop mein cumm seey cumm dou saal kii seva karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, iss dauran, prashikshu baaj key paas kewal ack raptor hoe sakata haye. baaj licenses key teen vargon key paas baaj key nivaas raajya aur sanghiya sarkaar dwara sanyukt roop seey jaari ack permit hotaa haye. uparokt prashikshu licenses ack samanya varg key licenses key liye matrick kartaa haye, joe baaz koo ack samay mein teen raptor taka kii anumati detaa haye. (kuchh adhikaar kshetra ise aur seemit curr sakate hain.) samanya star parr cumm seey cumm paanch varshon key baad, baaz master class licenses key liye aavedan curr sakate hain, joe unhein baaz key liye paanch jangli raptor aur aseemit sankhya mein bandee-utpaadit raptor rakhane kii anumati detaa haye. (sabhi kaa upayog baaz key liye kiya jaanaa chaahiye.) kuchh atyadhik anubhavi master baaz baazon key liye sunhare cheel rakhane key liye bhee aavedan curr sakate hain.
sanyukt raajya america key bheetar, ack raajya key niyam sanghiya kaanoon aur raptors kii raksha karane vaali sandhiyon dwara seemit hain. adhikansh raajya tirandaji aur agneyastron key mausam key saapeksh baazon koo ack vistaarit shikaar kaa mausam dete hain, lekin shikaar kii jaane vaali prajaatiyan, thaile kii seema aur kabje kii seema donon key liye samaan rahati haye. jalpakshi aur kabootar jaise pravaasi pakshiyon key shikaar key liye baaj paalan key liye koee vistaarit mausam maujood naheen haye.
uttari america mein baazon kaa sanghiya viniyaman 1918 key pravaasi pakshi sandhi adhiniyam (mbta) key kaanoonon key tahat lagu kiya jaataa haye, jise mool roop seey 20 veen shatabdi kii shuruat key dauran pravaasi jall pakshiyon key badey paimaane parr vaanijyik bajar shikaar koo sambodhit karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. shikaar key pakshiyon koo 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey 1960 key dashak taka atyadhik utpeedan kaa saamana karna padaa, jahaan hajaaron pakshiyon koo vishisht pravaas sthalon parr goli maar dee gaee thee, aur kaee raajya vanyajeev agencies ney shavon key liye upahaar jaari kiye they. vyaapak utpeedan aur dee. dee. tii. aur anya vishaakt padarthon seey raptor aabaadi parr aage key prabhaavon key kaaran, 1972 mein shikaar key pakshiyon koo shamil karane key liye adhiniyam mein sanshodhan kiya gayaa thaa. (cheel 1959 key ganje aur sunhare cheel sanrakshan adhiniyam key tahat bhee sanrakshit hain) aim. bee. tii. aeye. key tahat, pravaasi pakshiyon, unake andon, pankhon yaa ghonsale lena avaidh haye. tech koo aim. bee. tii. aeye. mein "kissy bhee tarah seey yaa kissy bhee tarah seey, kissy bhee pravaasi pakshi, ghonsala, andaa yaa usake hisse kaa shikaar karane, peechha karane, ghayal karane, maarne, rakhane yaa parivahan karane key kissy bhee prayaas koo shamil karane key liye paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. baazon koo yuu. aiss. key pravaasi pakshi karyalaya dwara jaari vishesh anumati patra key saath shikaar key kuchh pakshiyon aur unake pankhon koo pakadane kii anumati haye.aiss. machhali aur vanyajeev seva aur raajya vanyajeev agencies dwara (trapping permit jaari karane vaale).
jangli vanaspatiyon aur jeevon kii luptapray prajaatiyon parr antarrashtriya vyaapaar parr sammelan (uddharan) adhikansh deshi pakshiyon kii prajaatiyon key ayaat aur niryaat koo pratibandhit kartaa haye aur uddharan parishishton mein soochibaddh hain I, II aur III.
jangli pakshi sanrakshan adhiniyam, "lagbhag" 1993 mein lagu kiya gayaa kaanoon, sanyukt raajya america mein kissy bhee uddhrit-soochibaddh pakshiyon key ayaat koo niyantrit kartaa haye.
shikaar key bandee nasl key pakshiyon key baare mein baaz key swaamitva key mudde parr kuchh vivaad maujood hain. baaj paalan kii anumati raajyon dwara iss tarah seey jaari kii jaati haye joe baajon koo "lene" (jaal) aur anumati praapt pakshiyon koo rakhane aur kewal anumati praapt gatividhiyon key liye unakaa upayog karane key liye saunpati haye, lekin kanuni swaamitva kaa hastaantaran naheen karati haye. deshi jangli-fanse banaam key beach koee kanuni antar naheen kiya gayaa haye. ack hii prajaati key bandee nasl key pakshi. yeh kanuni sthiti deshi vanyajeevon key vaanijyik shoshan koo hatotsaahit karane key liye banaai gaee haye.
itihas.
sakshya bataate hain kii baaj kii kalaa mesopotamia mein shuru hui hogi, jisamen sabse shuruati vivaran lagbhag 2,000 eesaa poorv key hain. isake alawa, kuchh raptor pratinidhitva uttari altai, paschimi mangolia mein hain. baaj pracheen mangol janjaatiyon kaa ack prateekaatmak pakshi thaa. iss baare mein kuchh asahamati maujood haye kii kyaa iss tarah key praarambhik vivaran baazon key abhyaas ("gilgamesh key mahakavya" aur anya seey) kaa dastavejikaran karate hain yaa shikaar key pakshiyon key saath manushyon key chitran kii galat vyakhya kii jaati haye. madhya asia (saatvin shatabdi esvi) key turkey kaal key dauran, kyrgyz mein chattanon parr ghode parr savaar baazon kii thhos aakritiyon kaa varnan kiya gayaa thaa. europe mein baaj kii shuruat sambhavatah 400 esvi key aspas hui thee, jaba poorv seey hoonn aur alaan ney aakraman kiya thaa. hohenstaufen (1194-1250) key fredrick dwiteeya koo aam taur parr paaramparik baaz gyaan key sabse mahatvapurna srot key roop mein sweekaar kiya jaataa haye. maanaa jaataa haye kii unhone iss kshetra mein yuddhon key dauran (juuna 1228 aur juuna 1229 key beach) arabi baazon kaa pratyaksh gyaan praapt kiya thaa. unhone baaj parr moamin kii niyamavali kii ack prati praapt kii aur antakia key devdoot dwara iska lattin mein anuvaad karaaya. fredrick dwiteeya ney swayam 1241 mein anuvaad mein sudhaar kiye, jisake parinamswarup "dee scientia venendi parr aves" huaa. raajaa fredrick dwiteeya koo unake baazon key granth, "dee arte venendi cumm avibus" ("pakshiyon key saath shikaar karane kii kalaa") key liye sabse adhik jaanaa jaataa haye. apane jeevan key anta mein khud koo likhaa, ise baaz kii pahali vyaapak pustak key roop mein vyaapak roop seey sweekaar kiya jaataa haye, lekin pakshi vigyaan aur prani vigyaan mein isake yogdan mein bhee ullekhaniya haye. "dee arte venendi cumm avibus" mein poorv seey paschim taka vidwan paramparaon kii vividhata shamil haye, aur yeh prakriti key baare mein arastu kii vyakhyaon key liye sabse shuruati chunautiyon mein seey ack haye.
aitihaasik roop seey, baazgiri madhyayugeen europe aur asia key raeeson key beach ack lokpriya khel aur sthiti prateek thaa. rashid all deen kii "sangrah itihas" pustak mein chhode gaye kaee aitihaasik chitron mein madhya shataabdiyon key baazon kaa varnan mangol chhaviyon key saath kiya gayaa haye. samay, dhana aur sthaan kii poorv-aavashyakta pratibaddhata key kaaran baaj badey paimaane parr kuleen vargon taka hii seemit thaa. kalaa aur sanskriti key anya pahaluon, jaise saahitya mein, baajvaadya lokpriya roop seey prachalit naheen honey key lambe samay baad bhee ack sthiti prateek banaa rhaa. puraataatvik abhilekhon mein, vishesh roop seey ashikshit khanabdosh aur gair-krishi samajon seey, jeevit saakshyon kii kamee key kaaran, nimn samajik vargon key bheetar baaj key aitihaasik mahatva koo cumm darshaaya jaa sakata haye. beduin jaise khanabdosh samajon mein, kuleen logon dwara manoranjan key liye baaj kaa abhyaas naheen kiya jaataa thaa. isake bajaay, baazon koo fansaaya jaataa thaa aur sardiyon key dauran ack bahut hii seemit aahar key poorak key roop mein chhote khel parr unakaa shikaar kiya jaataa thaa.
britten aur europe key kuchh hisson mein, baaz shayed 17veen shatabdi mein apane charam parr pahunch gaye, lekin jald hii, vishesh roop seey 18veen aur 19veen shatabdi key anta mein, lupt hoe gaye, kyonki agneyastra shikaar key liye pasand kaa upkaran bunn gaye. (yeh sambhavatah poore europe aur asia mein alag-alag degree mein huaa.) 19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein britten mein baaj kaa punrutthan huaa jaba baaj kii kaee kitaaben prakaashit huin. iss punrutthan key kaaran 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein uttari america mein baaj kii shuruat hui. curnell aar. luf meredith koo uttari americi baaz key pitaa key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
20veen shatabdi key dauran, aadhunik pashu chikitsa prathaon aur radio telemetry (swatantra roop seey udaan bharane vaale pakshiyon seey judey transmitter) key aagaman ney baaz pakshiyon key ausat jivankal mein vriddhi kii, aur baazon koo khadaan aur udaan kii shailiyon kaa peechha karane kii anumati dee, jisake parinamswarup pahale unake baaz yaa baaz kaa nuksan huaa thaa.
12veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein britten mein baaj.
madhyayugeen norman ney baaj koo 'hocking' key khel seey alag kiya. norman ghode kii peeth aur paidal 'hocking' dwara baaz paalan karate they. ingland kii norman vijay kaa tatkaal prabhaav norman kuleen varg dwara anandit baazon key liye ack pravritti thee. vaastav mein, itna kii unhone aam logon koo vishesh bhoomi kaa shikaar karane seey pratibandhit curr diyaa taaki kuleen varg swatantra roop seey donon khelon kaa anand leey sakey. baaj aur 'hocking' donon madhyayugeen kaal mein samanya saanskritik pehchaan key liye kendriya they. norman apane baazon koo ack frame parr leey jaate they jise kaij kahaa jaataa haye.
sent albans kii pustak".
aksar uddhrit "sant albans kii pustak" yaa "sent albans kaa bock", joe pahali baar 1486 mein mudrit huaa thaa, aksar dame juliana berners key liye jimmedaar haye, baajon kaa yeh padanukram aur samajik rank pradaan kartaa haye jisake liye pratyek pakshi koo uchit maanaa jaataa thaa.
haalaanki, iss soochi koo kaee mayanon mein galat maanaa gayaa thaa.
vyaavhaarik baazon key ateet yaa vartamaan key liye "boke" kii prasangikta behad kamjor haye, aur anubhavi british baaz phillip glazier ney ise "kewal pakshiyon kii ack aupchaarik aur kaalpanik soochi" key roop mein khariz curr diyaa.
1973 mein britten mein baaz.
1973 mein prakaashit baaz key baare mein ack pustak kahati haih
amoort saanskritik viraasat.
2010 mein, unesco ney baaj koo sanyukt arab amirat, belgium, check ganarajya, slovakia, france, koria ganarajya, mangolia, morakko, katar, saudi arab, spen aur siriyai arab ganarajya sahit 11 deshon key ack jeevit maanav viraasat tatva key roop mein ankit kiya. austriya aur hangri koo 2012 mein jodaa gayaa thaa, aur germany, itali, kazakhstan, pakistan aur purtagaal koo 2016 mein jodaa gayaa thaa. kull athaarah deshon key saath, baazgiri manavata kii amoort saanskritik viraasat kii pratinidhi soochi mein sabse badaa bahu-rashtriya namankan haye.
angreji bhasha key shabd aur muhaware baaz seey vyutpann hain.
yeye angreji bhasha key shabd aur muhaware baaz seey liye gaye hainh

