
kaatna

kaatane ack samanya prani vyavhaar haye jisamen ack vastu key chaaron or jabade kaa sakriya, teji seey bund honah shamil haye. yeh vyavhaar standhaariyon, sarisripon, ubhaycharon aur machhliyon jaise daant vaale jaanvaron mein paaya jaataa haye, lekin sandhipaad mein bhee maujood hoe sakata haye. mustication kii maanspeshiyon kaa myocytic sankuchan usa bull koo utpann karane key liye jimmedaar haye joe praarambhik jabade key apaharan (udghaatan) koo shuru kartaa haye, phir jabade koo teji seey jodata haye (bund curr detaa haye) aur oopar aur neeche key daanton koo ack dusare kii or leey jaataa haye, jisake parinamswarup ack kaatane kii balpurvak kaarravaai hoti haye.
adhikansh sthool jeevon key jeevan mein kaatane kaa mukhya kaary haye, joe unhein chaara, shikaar, khaana, nirmaan, khelna, ladanaa aur raksha karane kii kshamata pradaan kartaa haye. shikaar yaa kshetriya iradon key kaaran shaaririk aakraamakta kaa ack roop hoe sakata haye, lekin yeh ack janwar kii samanya gatividhi bhee hoe sakati haye kyonki yeh khaata haye, vastuon koo leey jaataa haye, naram kartaa haye aur apane chhote bachchon key liye bhojan taiyar kartaa haye, ectoparasite koo hataa detaa haye yaa videshi vastuon (jaise kii chidchidi) koo door kartaa haye.jee. shareer kii satah seey paudhe key beej), khud kharonch, aur anya jaanvaron koo god mein lete hain.
jaanvaron key kaatane key parinamswarup aksar gambhir puncher, avalsion, fracture, raktasraav, sankraman, nus aur mrityu hoe jaati haye. aadhunik maanav samajon mein, kutte key kaatane sabse aam prakaar hain, jisamen bachche sabse aam peedit hain aur sabse aam lakshyon kaa saamana karate hain. anya prajaatiyan joe manushya key prati iss tarah key vyavhaar koo pradarshit curr sakati hain, way aam taur parr aakramak shahari janwar hain jaise kii jangli billiyaan, makadiyan aur saamp, pishach chamgaadad aur hematophasic arachnid (ee.jee. machchar, pissu, juu, bedbug aur ticks, jinake "kaatane" vaastav mein sahee kaatane key bajaay dunk jaise puncher kaa ack roop hain), yaa khatarnak jangli mansahari jaise bhediye, badee billiyaan, bhalu, magarmachcha aur shikari machhaliyan (jaise.jee. shark, barakudas aur piranhas).
daanton key prakaar.
daantsabhak prakaar jey jeevsabh katayabak lell upayog karait achhi, sampoorn pashu samrajyame bhinn hoit achhi. vibhinn prakaar key daant shakahari, mansahari aur sarvaahaari jeevon mein dekhe jaate hain kyonki way kaee varshon seey apane aahar mein behtar tareeke seey fitt honey key liye anukoolit hotey hain. mansahari jaanvaron mein canine, carnesial aur daadh key daant hotey hain, jabaki shakahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari mansahari samanya taur parr, paaramparik roop seey aahar kii aadton kaa anuman lagaane key liye daanton key aakar kaa upayog kiya jaataa rhaa haye. mansahari jaanvaron key shikaar koo pakadane aur maans koo tukadon mein kaatane donon key liye lambe, behad tej daant hotey hain. unake paas chapate chabaane vaale daant naheen hotey hain kyonki way bhojan koo tukadon mein nigal lete hain. iska ack udaaharan badee safed shark key chaude, dantedar daanton dwara dikhaaya gayaa haye joe badey samudri jaanvaron kaa shikaar karate hain. doosari or, shakahari jaanvaron mein ghaas aur anya paudhon koo kaatane aur chabaane key liye chaude, sapaat daanton kii panktiyaan hoti hain. gaayen dinn mein gyaarah ghante taka ghaas kaatati hain aur usey apane daadh seey peesane mein bitaati hain. sarvabhakshi maans aur paudhe donon kaa sevan karate hain, isaliye unake paas sapaat daant aur tej daanton kaa mishran hotaa haye.
wahan tantra.
kaatane seey beaver aur cheentiyon jaisi prajaatiyon key liye ack wahan tantra key roop mein kaam curr sakata haye, unaki prajaati-vishisht daanton kii kachchi shakti unhein badee vastuon koo leey jaane kii anumati detee haye. beaver mein vishesh roop seey, unake paas ack badaa daant hotaa haye joe lakadi koo kaatane key liye anukoolit hotaa haye. unake jabade kii maanspeshiyon koo badey pedon key madhyam seey shakti key liye tune kiya jaataa haye aur unhein apane baandh taka vaapas leey jaataa haye. cheentiyon key vyavhaar mein, cheentiyaan apane shaktishali jabadon kaa upayog samagri koo coloney mein vaapas uthaane key liye karati hain. way apane kaatane key kaaran apane vajan kaa kaee hazaar gunaa leey jaa sakate hain aur apani coloniyon key liye chaara banaane key liye iska upayog karane key liye anukoolit hoe jaate hain. aag kii cheentiyaan shikaar parr pakad banaane key liye apane majboot kaatane kaa upayog karati hain, phir apane pett key madhyam seey ack vishaakt padaarth kaa injection lagaati hain aur shikaar koo apane kshetra mein vaapas leey jaati hain.
khatare.
kuchh jeevon mein khatarnak kaatane hotey hain joe jahar kaa injection dete hain. kaee saamp aur chhipkaliyaan vishaakt laar leey jaati hain jisamen vishaakt padarthon key cumm seey cumm ack pramukh samooh hotaa haye, jisamen cytotoxin, haemotoxin, myotoxin aur neurotoxin shamil hain. makadi key vish polypeptides vishisht aayan chainalon koo lakshit karate hain, joe paridhiya, kendriya aur swaayatt tantrika pranaliyon key ghatakon koo uttejit karate hain, jisase atee sakriya neurotransmitter release hotaa haye aur baad mein apavartak pakshaghat hotaa haye. makadi kaa kaatna, yaa arachnidism, mukhya roop seey shikaar kaa ack roop haye, lekin aatmaraksha kaa bhee saadhan haye-jaba manushyon dwara fansaaya jaataa haye yaa galati seey chhedchhaad kii jaati haye, tou makadiyan katkar jawabi kaarravaai karati hain. asweekrit makadi aur vidhwa prajaatiyon mein neurotoxin aur necrotising agent hotey hain joe shikaar koo lakvagrast curr dete hain aur pachaate hain.
gair-ghaatak kaatane vaale kaee jeev hain joe asuvidha yaa beemariyon kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. machchar key kaatane seey allergy vaale wheels hoe sakate hain joe khujali vaale hotey hain aur kuchh dinon taka reh sakate hain; kuchh kshetron mein, way rakt janit rogon koo faila sakate hain (jaise.jee. maleria aur west nile fever) protozoic yaa viral rogjanakon key sancharan key madhyam seey. isi tarah, tick key kaatane seey unake sthaan parr roga failate hain, sabse prasiddh lime roga, lekin tick bhee colorado tick bukhaar, african tick key kaatane key bukhaar, tick seey honey vaale mastishkshoth aadi key liye roga vaahak key roop mein kaam karate hain.
manushyon mein.
kaatane seey 30 maheene aur usase cumm umr key maanav bachchon key liye ack upayukt vyavhaar aur pratikriya bhee hoti haye. isake vipareet, iss umr seey adhik umr key bachchon seey apani jarooraton aur napsand koo samajhaane key liye maukhik kaushal honey kii ummeed kii jaati haye, kyonki kaatane koo umr key anusaar uchit naheen maanaa jaataa haye. punah disha, paryaavaran mein parivartan aur krodh aur hatasha vyakt karane key uchit tarikon key baare mein baat karke kaatane kaa jawab dene sahit tarikon seey kaatane koo rokaa jaa sakata haye. schooly umr key bachche, joe 30 maheene seey adhik umr key hain, jinhen aadat seey kaatane key liye peshevar hastakshep kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye. maanav kaatane kii kuchh charcha maanav mahila mein yaun vyavhaar parr kinsey report mein dikhaai detee haye."shaaririk ladaai yaa aatmaraksha mein bhee kaatane kii ghatana hoe sakati haye. 
aaparaadhik roop seey, forensic dunt chikitsa kaatane-nishan vishleshan mein shamil haye. kyonki samay key saath kaatane key nishan kaafee badal jaate hain, isaliye jaanchkartaon koo jald seey jald ack visheshagya koo bulana chaahiye. phir kaatane kaa vishleshan yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye kii kyaa bitter maanav thaa, swayam-prabhaavit thaa yaa naheen, aur kyaa dee. aine. aeye. bitter seey peechhe reh gayaa thaa. sabhi maap atyant sateek honey chaahiye, kyonki maap mein chhoti trutiyaan kanuni nirnay mein badee trutiyon kaa kaaran bunn sakati hain.