samudayik radio

samudayik radio ack radio seva haye joe vaanijyik aur saarvajanik prasaran key alawa radio prasaran kaa teesara model pradaan karati haye. samudayik station bhaugolik samudaayon aur ruchi key samudaayon kii seva karate hain. way aisee samagri prasaarit karate hain joe lokpriya aur sthaaniya, vishisht darshakon key liye praasangik haye lekin aksar vaanijyik (yaa) maas-media prasarakon dwara andekhi kii jaati haye. samudayik radio stations kaa sanchaalan, swaamitva aur unake dwara seva pradaan kiye jaane vaale samudaayon seey prabhaavit hotey hain. way aam taur parr gair-laabhkaari hotey hain aur vyaktiyon, samoohon aur samudaayon koo apani kahaaniyan bataane, anubhavon koo saajha karane aur media-samriddh duniya mein, media key nirmaata aur yogadankarta banane key liye ack tantra pradaan karate hain.
duniya key kaee hisson mein, samudayik radio prasaran key alawa, samudayik vikas key uddeshyon koo aage badhaane key liye saajhedaari mein kaam karane key liye samudaay aur swaichhik kshetra, nagrik samaaj, agencies, aine. jee. oh. aur nagrikon key liye ack vaahan key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. france, argentine, dakshin africa, australia aur ireland jaise kaee deshon mein kanuni roop seey samudayik radio (ack alag prasaran kshetra key roop mein) koo paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. adhikansh kaanoonon mein paribhasha key hisse key roop mein "samajik laabh", "samajik uddeshya" aur "samajik laabh" jaise vakyansh shamil hain. samudayik radio vibhinn deshon mein alag-alag tareeke seey vikasit huaa haye, aur sanyukt raajya, ireland, sanyukt raajya america, kanada aur australia mein iss shabd key kuchh alag arth hain, jahaan bolane kii swatantrata key kaanoon aur vaastavik vaastaviktaaen bhinn hain.
drishti, darshan aur sthiti.
aadhunik samudayik radio station vibhinn prakaar kii samagri pradaan karke apane shrotaon kii seva karate hain joe aavashyak roop seey badey vaanijyik radio stations dwara pradaan naheen kii jaati haye. samudayik radio outlet sthaaniya kshetra (vishesh roop seey apravasi yaa alpasankhyak samooh jinhen pramukh media outlet dwara kharaab seva dee jaati haye) kii or taiyar samachar aur soochana karyakram leey jaa sakate hain. vishesh sangeet karyakram bhee aksar kaee samudayik radio stations kii ack visheshta hoti haye. samudaay aur samudri daku station (una kshetron mein jahaan unhein sahan kiya jaataa haye) ack kshetra key liye moolyavaan sampatti hoe sakate hain. samudayik radio station aamtaur parr sheersh 40 sangeet, khel aur "drive-time" vyaktitvon jaise vaanijyik outlet parr paaee jaane vaali samagri seey bachate hain. andolan key sadasyon dwara upayog kiya jaane vaalaa ack meem yeh haye kii samudayik radio 10 pratishat radio aur 90 pratishat samudaay honah chaahiye. iska matlab haye kii samudayik radio stations koo samudaay koo baat karane parr dhyaan kendrit karna chaahiye aur naa kii kewal radio (joe ack takniki prakriya haye) parr; samudayik radio kii samajik chintaon parr radio parr "prati swayam" jore diyaa jaataa haye. mukhyadhara key stations key vipareet bhee ack antar haye, jinhen vaanijyik chintaon yaa prastutkartaon key vyaktitvon key liye prachaar key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye.
saahitya mein samudaay kii avadhaaranaaen.
samudaay jatil sansthaaen hain, aur samudayik radio mein "samudaay" kaa gathan kyaa haye, iss parr bahas kii jaati haye joe desh key anusaar bhinn hoti haye. "samudaay" koo "vaikalpik", "kattarpanthi" yaa "nagrik" radio jaise shabdon seey badala jaa sakata haye. samajshastra mein, ack "samudaay" koo ack samanya sthaan parr rahane vaale logon key samooh key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye.
samudayik radio kaa nirmaan pahunch aur bhagidari key aadarshon key ird-gird kiya gayaa haye. station sthaaniya logon dwara chalaae jaate hain, aamtaur parr sthaaniya darshakon kii seva key liye. haalaanki, internet kii upalabdhata aur lokpriyata ney kaee stations koo podcast aur/yaa stream aur audio key liye protsaahit kiya haye aur ise vishva star parr upalabdh karaaya haye.
model.
samudayik radio key liye dou daarshanik drishtikon maujood hain, halanki model parasparik roop seey ananya naheen hain. ack seva aur samudayik soch parr jore detaa haye, iss baat parr dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye kii station samudaay key liye kyaa curr sakata haye. anya shrota kii bhagidari aur bhagidari parr jore dete hain.
seva model ilaake mein moolyavaan haye; samudayik radio, ack teesare star key roop mein, ack badey operation kii tulanaa mein adhik sthaaniya yaa vishesh samudaay parr kendrit samagri pradaan curr sakata haye. kabhi-kabhi, halanki, station key seva kshetra key bheetar pahale seey upalabdh naheen syndicated samagri pradaan karna saarvajanik seva key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, sanyukt raajya america key bheetar, kaee stations ney prashant radio jaise samoohon seey syndicate samagri (jaise "abb loktantra!")") iss aadhar parr kii yeh samagri pradaan kartaa haye joe anyatha upalabdh naheen haye (kyonki ack karyakram kii vigyapandataon key liye appeal kii kamee-prashant key mamle mein, isaki raajneetik roop seey vivadaspad prakriti key kaaran).
abhigam (yaa sahabhaagi) model mein, samagri key utpaadan mein samudaay key sadasyon kii bhagidari koo apane aap mein ack achche key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. jabaki yeh model aavashyak roop seey ack seva drishtikon koo baahar naheen kartaa haye, donon key beach kuchh asahamati haye.
desh dwara.
australia.
samudayik prasaran australia kaa teesara media kshetra haye, jiska aupchaarik roop seey australia key samudayik prasaran sangh (see. bee. aeye. aeye.) dwara pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye. janwari 2012 mein, 359 licenses praapt samudayik radio station (doorasth swadeshi sevaaon sahit) they.
2002 kii ack report mein paaya gayaa kii 20,000 australiyai (yaa aabaadi kaa 0.1 pratishat) niyamit aadhar parr samudayik radio kshetra mein swayamsevakon key roop mein shamil they, aur swayamsevakon kaa pratyek varsh 14.5 karod dollar seey adhik kaa avaitanik kaam hotaa haye. rashtriya star parr, 70 laakh seey adhik australiyai (yaa 15 varsh seey adhik umr key 45 pratishat loga) harr maheene samudayik radio sunate hain.
see. bee. aeye. aeye. key anusaar, australia mein samudayik prasaran kii bhoomika, anya kshetron dwara anupalabdh tarikon seey samudaay kii jarooraton koo puuraa karane key liye vibhinn prakaar kii sevaaen pradaan karna haye. samudayik prasaran pahunch aur bhagidari, swayamseva, vividhata, swatantrata aur sthaan key siddhanton dwara banaae rakhaa jaataa haye.
samudayik radio station vishesh sangeet station hoe sakate hain, joe sthaaniya sangeet aur kalaa kaa pratinidhitva karate hain yaa baatchit kaa prasaran karate hain aur vaikalpik, swadeshi australiyai, paryaavaran, nariwadi yaa samlaingik aur samlaingik hiton (vaanijyik yaa sarkari radio samagri mein kathit antaral koo bharna) kaa pratinidhitva karate hue vartamaan-mamalon key karyakram hoe sakate hain. 53 pratishat samudayik radio station swadeshi aur jaatiya samoohon, print viklang logon, yuva logon, bujurg logon, kalaa/lalit sangeet, dhaarmik aur samlaingik aur samlaingik samudaayon sahit ruchi key samudaayon kii ack shrinkhala kii seva karate hain. shesh station ack seva pradaan karate hain jise samanya key roop mein varnit kiya jaa sakata haih vishesh kshetron mein samudaayon key hiton koo sambodhit karna, lekin vishesh hiton kii ack shrinkhala koo bhee sambodhit karna.
australia mein media key kissy bhee anya roop kii tulanaa mein samudayik prasaran, rashtriya charitra koo aakar detaa haye aur usaki sabhi vividhataon koo darshaata haye. yeh kshetra swadeshi, jaatiya aur aar. aff. aff. samudaayon dwara aur unake liye naee karyakram pradaan karane kii apani kshamata mein advitiya haye. samudayik prasaran stations kii sthaaniya samachar aur soochana, sthaaniya aur rashtriya sangeet, kalaa aur sanskriti koo badhaava dene aur media kaushal mein prashikshan pradaan karane key liye ack majboot pratibaddhata haye.
jaba ack gair-laabhkaari samudayik samooh ack samudayik prasaran licenses key liye viniyaamak nikaay (australiyai sanchaar aur media pradhikaran) koo aavedan kartaa haye, tou yeh usa samudaay key hita koo nirdisht kartaa haye joe vaha seva karane kaa irada rakhta haye. licensedhariyon kaa chayan niyaamak dwara upayuktata aur licenses aavedan key guna aur chinhit samudayik hiton kii seva karane kii kshamata key aadhar parr kiya jaataa haye. paanch saal kaa akshay licenses dene parr pratyek station koo usa samudayik hita kii seva jaari rakhane kii aavashyakta hoti haye jisake liye licenses diyaa gayaa thaa. prasaran seva adhiniyam, licenses praapt samudaay kaa pratinidhitva jaari rakhane kii aavashyakta aur licenses kii pramukh sharton key roop mein karyakramon key praavdhaan aur chayan mein ruchi vaale licenses praapt samudaay kii bhagidari koo protsaahit karane kii aavashyakta koo sthaapit kartaa haye. adhiniyam mein asthaayi samudayik radio licenses key praavdhaan, jahaan spectrum upalabdh haye, akankshi samudaay samoohon koo apani suvidhaon aur vittiya aur prograaming model koo vikasit karane kii anumati dete hain, isase pahale kii niyaamak sthaayi licenses upalabdh karaane parr vichaar karey.
austriya.
austriya mein, samudayik radio koo 1990 mein ack samudri daku radio andolan key madhyam seey pesh kiya gayaa thaa. niyamit roop seey licenses praapt prasaran 1998 mein shuru huaa. vigyapanon kii anumati naheen haye, isaliye stations koo mukhya roop seey gair-laabhkaari aine. jee. oh. key roop mein sanchaalit kiya jaataa haye. desh mein 14 samudayik radio station sanchaalit hain.
bangladesh.
radio aur sanchaar key liye bangladesh aine. jee. oh. aiss. network (bee. aine. aine. aar. see.) pichhale 12 varshon seey samudayik media (samudayik radio, samudayik television aur samudayik film sahit) koo kholane aur aavaajaheen logon kii aavaaj key roop mein apani mahatvapurna bhoomika parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye sangharsh curr rhaa haye. bee. aine. aine. aar. see. varsh 2000 mein apane udbhav key baad seey lagbhag ack dashak seey adhik samay seey samudayik radio aur samudayik tv pahunch key mudde koo sambodhit curr rhaa haye.
bee. aine. aine. aar. see. sanyukt rashtra aarthik aur samajik parishad key saath vishesh paramarshatmak sthiti mein haye. bee. aine. aine. aar. see. 2000 mein apane udbhav key baad seey anya sangathanon key saath samudayik radio key sambandh mein sarkaar kii vakaalat koo badhaava dey rhaa haye.
bee. aine. aine. aar. see. key samudayik radio hastakshep kaa uddeshya samudayik star parr samajik muddon (jaise garibi aur samajik bahishkaar) koo sambodhit karna, haashiye parr padey graameen samoohon koo sashakt banaana aur loktaantrik prakriyaon aur chala rahey vikas prayason koo utprerit karna haye.
iss samay hamaare desh mein sakaratmak aur sahayak sthiti bunny hui haye. kyonki; bangladesh sarkaar ney pahale hii samudayik radio key mahatva koo sweekaar curr liya haye aur samudayik radio sthaapana, prasaran aur sanchaalan neeti kii ghoshana kii haye. bangladesh samudayik radio key liye neeti banaane mein dakshin asia kaa doosara desh haye. abb desh mein 14 samudayik radio station prasaarit hoe rahey hain, jinka uddeshya graameen samudaay key liye sashaktikaran aur soochana kaa adhikaar sunishchit karna haye. way soochana, shiksha, sthaaniya manoranjan aur vikas prerana gatividhiyon parr pratidin kull 120 ghante kaa karyakram prasaarit curr rahey hain. lagbhag 536 yuva mahilaaen aur yuva abb graameen prasarakon key roop mein desh bhar mein una stations key saath kaam curr rahey hain.
samudayik radio kii pramukh bhoomika una logon koo aavaaj denaa haye jinake paas samudayik vikas parr apane vichaar vyakt karane key liye mukhyadhara key media taka pahunch naheen haye. sanchaar key adhikaar koo badhaava denaa, samudaay koo soochit karane kii prakriya mein teji laana, soochana key mukt pravaah mein sahaayata karna aur parivartan key utprerak key roop mein kaary karna samudayik radio dwara praapt kiye jaane vaale pramukh kaary hain. yeh samudayik star parr rachanaatmak vikas aur loktaantrik bhavna koo bhee banaae rakhta haye.
parinamswarup, bangladesh janvaadi ganarajya key soochana mantralaya ney samudayik radio sthaapana, prasaran aur sanchaalan neeti 2008 kii ghoshana kii. iss neeti key tahat, soochana mantralaya ney bangladeshi itihas mein pahali baar 14 samudayik radio stations koo manjuri dee. logon taka soochana kaa mukt pravaah sunishchit karane key liye, sarkaar ney soochana kaa adhikaar adhiniyam 2009 lagu kiya. samudayik radio station graameen logon koo sashakt banaane kii disha mein ack majboot kadam hain.
aaj kii vaastaviktaa yeh haye kii samudaay key logon aur sthaaniya star key samudayik radio stations key beach bandhan dinn-pratidin majboot hoe rhaa haye. samudayik radio abb unake jeevan kaa hissa bunn gayaa haye. samudayik radio graameen logon kii aajeevika kii ladaai kaa saadhan bunn jaataa haye.
bee. aine. aine. aar. see. ney bangladesh mein samudayik media kshetra key liye vikas samachar aur nirmaan kshamata saajha karane key liye samudayik media samachar agency (see. aim. aine. aeye.), samudayik media akadami (see. aim. aeye.) aur masik samudayik media kii sthaapana kii. bee. aine. aine. aar. see. ney abb vikas key liye samudayik television koo kholane key liye bangladesh sarkaar key saath vakaalat shuru kii.
soochana mantralaya ney bangladesh mein 17 samudayik radio koo manjuri deeh
isase pahale, 22 aprail 2010 koo pahale batch mein, soochana mantralaya ney 14 samudayik radio stations koo manjuri dee haye, jald hii line mein aur 2 station jodkar yeh sankhya 16 parr haye. 14 samudayik radio stations ney desh key 13 upa-jilon mein seey 4.6 million shrotaon key samudaay key bheetar pratidin 106 ghante key karyakram prasaarit karke ack nae yug kii shuruat kii. yeye karyakram vanchit samudaay key logon key adhikaaron aur dayare koo darshaate hain. iss nava-media ney graameen star parr samudayik radio prasarakon kii ack nava-peedhi kaa nirmaan kiya haye, jahaan kull 536 yuva aur yuva mahilaaen apana samay, prayaas aur iss prakaar rashtra nirmaan prakriya mein bhaag lene key liye rachnaatmaktaa kaa yogdan dey rahee hain. dusare charan mein samudayik radio stations kii praathamik sthaapana key liye manjuri praapt karane vaale praarambhik sangathan hainh
radio aur sanchaar key liye bangladesh aine. jee. oh. network bangladesh mein sarkaar, udyog, niyaamak nikaayon, media aur vikas bhagidaron key liye samudayik media kshetra kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. aaj kii vaastaviktaa yeh haye kii samudaay key logon aur sthaaniya star key samudayik radio stations key beach bandhan dinn-pratidin majboot hoe rhaa haye. samudayik radio abb unake jeevan kaa hissa bunn gayaa haye. samudayik radio graameen logon kii aajeevika kii ladaai kaa saadhan bunn jaataa haye.
bee. aine. aar. see. pichhale 12 varshon seey samudayik media (samudayik radio, samudayik television aur samudayik film sahit) koo kholane aur aavaajaheen logon kii aavaaj key roop mein apani mahatvapurna bhoomika parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye sangharsh curr rhaa haye aur pahale seey hii samudayik media samachar agency (see. aim. aine. aeye.), samudayik media akadami (see. aim. aeye.) aur bangladesh mein samudayik media kshetra key liye vikas samachar aur nirmaan kshamata saajha karane key liye masik samudayik media kii sthaapana curr chuka haye.
samudayik radio koo graameen vanchit aabaadi key liye apani aavaaj aur apani shally mein apane vichaaron koo vyakt karane key liye ack vaikalpik, prabhaavi zana madhyam maanaa jaataa haye.
benin.
benin aur upa-sahaara africa mein radio praathamik zana madhyam haye. isake 55 radio stations mein seey 36 samudayik station hain jinamen samachar aur khel seey laker sangeet aur prashnottari karyakram taka kii prograaming haye. halanki aise stations kii aavashyakta haye, lekin vittiya aur sanrachanaatmak samasyaon aur dhana kii kamee key kaaran unake liye safal honah mushkil haye.
bolivia.
bolivia mein samudayik radio kaa ack prasiddh udaaharan tinn khanikon kaa radio thaa. trade union key bakaaya seey vitt poshit aur mukhya roop seey sthaaniya aur kshetriya star parr sanchaalit, 1960 aur 1985 key beach aise 25 seey adhik radio station they. sarkari neeti mein parivartan ney 1985 key baad kaee sanghikrit khanan naukariyon koo samaapt curr diyaa aur kuchh radio station beche gaye yaa unakaa astitva samaapt hoe gayaa. kaee kathinaaiyon key bavjood, paanch stations parr prasaran jaari haye.
"laa voz dell minro", "radio piyo xii", "radiovangardia dee kolkiri", "radio anima", "radio 21 dee disiembre", aur "radio national dee huanuni" kuchh sabse mahatvapurna radio station they jinhen bolivian khanan shramikon dwara banaaya gayaa, vitt poshit aur prabandhit kiya gayaa thaa. 1949 mein, catvi key khanan jile mein ack station ney prasaran shuru kiya. agale 15 varshon key dauran, anya jilon ney upkaran khareede, apane gaanvon seey prashikshit yuvaaon koo, aur shramikon ney apane vetan key pratishat key saath stations koo vitt poshit kiya.
adhikansh radio stations ney saral upkaranon key saath chhote shuru kiye. kuchh koo videshi samarthan milaa aur behtar upkaranon key saath adhik parishkrit stations mein vikasit hue. unake stations key buggle mein kaee nirmit theatre, isaliye sangh kii baithakon kaa seedha prasaran kiya jaa sakata thaa; udaaharan key liye, radio vanguardia mein kolkiri khanan kendra kii kahani koo bataane vaale badey bhitti chitron seey sajaaya gayaa ack theatre thaa. ack bhitti chitra parr ack drishya 1967 mein bolivian vayu senaa key vimaanon dwara hamale koo darshaata haye (jaba desh sainya shasson key tahat thaa).
1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein 26 radio station sanchaalit they, sabhi uchch bhoomi key khanan jilon mein they. usa samay, bolivia mein khanik sangh abhee bhee shaktishali they aur lattin america mein sabse raajneetik roop seey unnat maane jaate they.
shaanti aur loktantra key samay mein khanikon key radio stations koo samudaay key dainik jeevan mein ekikrit kiya gayaa thaa, joe telephone aur daak seva key liye ack prabhaavi pratisthaapan bunn gayaa thaa.
logon koo stations aur post sandeshon key madhyam seey apana mell praapt hotaa, jinhen dinn key dauran kaee baar padhaa jaataa thaah "comitte dee amas dee kaasa" (grihiniyon kii samiti) seey mahilaaon kii baithak key liye coll; rajdhani mein sarkaar key saath unaki baatchit key baare mein sangh netaaon seey sandesh; yuvaaon key beach pyaar key sandesh; "neuvos horizonts" theatre samooh dwara ack nae naatak kii ghoshana (aksar ack badey truck key munch parr pradarshan kiya jaataa haye, jisamen shramik apane swayam key lamp seey drishya koo rotion karate hain); aur khel gatividhiyon, dafanaane, janm aur utsavon kii ghoshanaaen.
raajneetik uthal-puthal key samay, union radio station soochana kaa ekmatra bharosemand srot bunn jaayenge. jaise-jaise senaa ney rajdhani aur anya shaharon mein samachar patron, radio aur tv stations parr kabja curr liya, kewal upalabdh jaankaari khanikon key radio stations seey aatee. way taba taka "cadena minra" ("khanan shrinkhala") mein shamil hoe jaate jaba taka kii senaa khanan shiviron mein pravesh naheen curr letee aur stations parr hamla naheen karati, jinka shramikon dwara bachaav kiya jaataa thaa (kabhi-kabhi maut taka). bolivian film nirmaata george sangines kii ack film, "logon kaa saahas", juuna 1967 mein senaa dwara siglo xxx key khanan jile parr hamale koo phir seey prastut karati haye. ack anya film, alphonso gumusio dagron aur aduardo barrios dwara "khadaan kii aavaaz" sheershak seey ack vrittachitra aur unesco dwara nirmit, unake raajneetik aur samajik mahatva kaa varnan karati haye.
khanikon key radio station raajneetik sthiti parr report prasaarit karate they; way khanan jile mein ack mahatvapurna khel yaa saanskritik karyakram honey parr live prasaran key liye bhee link karate they. isake alawa, pratyek station dusaron seey poori tarah seey swatantra thaa.
khanikon key radio station mahatvapurna they kyonki bolivia mein khanan kaa mahatva thaa; bolivian khanik bhee prabhaavshaali they kyonki kaee dashakon taka unake paas apane vichaaron koo sampreshit karane kaa ack shaktishali saadhan thaa. 1980 key dashak key dauran bolivia mein khanan kaa mahatva cumm honey key kaaran, sangh kamjor hoe gaye aur kuchh radio station (unake khanan jilon key saath) gayab hoe gaye.
brazil.
kaanoon sankhya 9612/1998 ack samudayik radio station koo gair-laabhkaari foundation yaa sanghon seey sambandhit dhwani stations key roop mein paribhaashit kartaa haye joe usamen nihit janata kaa pratinidhitva karate hain, joe ack pados mein rahate hain yaa ack samajik kaaran seey ekjut hotey hain aur yeh kii station khud koo inn logon key pravakta key roop mein prastut kartaa haye. ise 25 vaat kii adhikatam shakti key saath kaam karna hoga aur isake tower kii seema 30 meater hogi. yeye takniki visheshtaen shahari kshetra key ack hisse koo chitrit karati hain, joe nagarpalika mein aanshik coverage haye. jaisa kii kahaa gayaa haye, samudayik prasarak kaa ack saanskritik kaary haye, koee spasht vaanijyik viram naheen hoe sakata haye, lekin grid kii samagri kaa saanskritik samarthan hoe sakata haye. karyakram kaa samay teesare paksh koo naheen becha jaa sakata haye aur anya stations parr prasaran pratibandhit haye ("samudayik radio" key vichaar key khilaf jaanaa).
unhein unamen seey pratyek key baare mein alag-alag raay aur alag-alag jeevan shally key liye khula rehna chaahiye. pahunch kaa ausat trijya 1 kimmy haye (ack gaanv aur vishesh roop seey ack pados koo cover kartaa haye). vaichaarik-raajneetik anta key liye yaa ack vishisht vishvaas prastut karane key liye upayog kii anumati naheen haye. byaaj vaali sanstha byaaj register (see. dee. aaee.) key vivaran mein dastaavez bhej sakati haye. praapt anurodh rashtriya anudan yojana (pee. aine. oh.) mein dikhaai diye, baad mein una dastavejon key saath ack notice khola jaayega jinhen bheja jaanaa chaahiye. iska matlab yeh naheen haye kii sansthaan ney radio aavritti praapt curr lii haye, pratiyogita koo samaapt karane key liye ack chayan prakriya hogi. bhale hii yeh sabhi adhikrit honey key baad bhee, ise rashtriya congress key jaari honey taka 90 dinon taka countersine karna hoga, anyatha aavedak koo ack asthaayi licenses kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.
seva key liye aarakshit fm aavrittiyaan 87.5 megahertz, 87.7 megahertz aur 87.9 megahertz hain, haalaanki, brazil key kuchh kshetron mein, samudayik radio station 98.3 megahertz, 104.9 megahertz, 105.9 megahertz, 106.3 megahertz aur 107.9 megahertz aavrittiyon mein aarakshit hain. aavritti aarakshit haye aur kewal anatel, brazil kii rashtriya dursanchar agency dwara licenses praapt haye. brazilian samudaay kaa itihas 1980 key dashak key uttaraardh mein brazilian punarshasana key sandarbh mein samaveshi haye. ise sthaapit karane key sangharsh mein, 1991 mein ack andolan shuru huaa, joe ack munch key roop mein khud koo sangathit kartaa thaa, 1994 mein nyaypalika ney samudayik radio prasaran koo vaidh banaa diyaa. desh kaa sabse badaa shahar, saao paulo aavritti kii kamee key kaaran, 2007 mein ack saarvajanik soochana key madhyam seey inn radio stations koo viniyamit karane mein kamyab rhaa. vartamaan mein iss shally key lagbhag 34 station kewal 87.5 megahertz (aamtaur parr upayog kii jaane vaali aavrittiyon seey alag) mein kaam curr rahey hain.
10 julaai, 2018 koo, sanghiya senate poorna adhiveshan ney 25 vaat seey 150 vaat taka shakti vriddhi koo manjuri dee, joe ack sthaaniya vaanijyik radio kaa prabhaavi aadhaa haye. senator aur vidheyak key lekhak ney kahaa kii yeh graameen kshetron mein coverage mein sudhaar karega jahaan ghar adhik faile hue hain. haalaanki anatel hastakshep curr sakata haye aur adhikatam shakti nirdhaarit curr sakata haye joe sanchaarit kii jaa sakati haye, vishesh roop seey jaba nikatvarti see. aar. aiss. houn. poorv mantri gilberto kasaab ney aniyamitataon key liye 2019 kii poorv sandhya parr 130 seey adhik samudayik radio koo bujhaane kaa adesh diyaa. minus gerais vaha thaa jisane sabse adhik emisorus (27) khou diye, usake baad saao paulo (20), anya 22 raajyon ney pratyek key liye 1 karod khou diye.
yeh brazil mein radio prasaran kaa sabse aam prakaar haye. 2014 taka 4641 prasarak they, joe sabhi radio kaa 47 pratishat thaa, joe vaanijyik + shaikshik fm seey doguna aur madhyam-tarang prasarakon kaa tiguna thaa.
kanada.
kanada mein samudayik radio station aksar vaanijyik roop seey alp-seva praapt alpasankhyak-bhasha samudaayon jaise kii franco-ontarian, shikshaavid, anglo-quabers yaa pratham rashtron koo lakshit karate hain. yeye station aksar swayamsevi dwara sanchaalit hotey hain aur sahakaari samitiyon yaa anya gair-laabhkaari nigamon dwara sanchaalit hotey hain. badey shaharon mein, samudaay-unmukh karyakram aamtaur parr parisar radio stations parr prasaarit hotey hain, halanki kuchh shaharon mein samudayik radio station bhee hain. kanada mein adhikansh angreji bhasha key samudayik station rashtriya parisar aur samudayik radio sangh, yaa aine. see. aar. aeye. key sadasya hain, jabaki kanada key adhikansh francisi bhasha key samudayik radio station yaa tou association days radiodifusers communires doo cubec (arcue) yaa alliance days radios communires doo kanada (aark) key sadasya hain.
kanada mein sabse adhik sankhya mein samudayik radio stations vaalaa praant saskatchevan haye. una stations mein seey adhikansh missinippi prasaran nigam seey sambaddh hain, joe ack adiwasi saarvajanik radio network haye.
samudayik station kanadai radio-television aur dursanchar aayog (see. aar. tii. see.) kii samudayik radio neeti key adheen hain.
iss neeti mein, see. aar. tii. see. koo samudayik stations kii aavashyakta haye
isake liye stations koo vividh karyakramon kii peshkash karane kii bhee aavashyakta hoti haye joe samudaay kii jarooraton aur hiton koo darshaate hain, jinamen shamil hainh
see. aar. tii. see. samudayik stations kii ack soochi rakhta haye. kanada mein, coll patra aur aavrittiyaan udyog kanada key spectrum prabandhan dwara viniyamit kii jaati hain.
see. aar. tii. see. samudayik radio stations koo dou prakaron mein seey ack key roop mein vargeekrit kartaa haye, jisamen thodi alag niyaamak aavashyaktaaen hoti hain. adhikansh stations koo "type bee" key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye; haalaanki, ack samudayik radio station joe apane samudaay kii seva karane vaali ekmatra sthaaniya media seva key roop mein sanchaalit hotaa haye-jaise kii quebeck mein ack angreji bhasha samudayik radio station, ack pratham rashtra radio station yaa ack chhote seey shahar mein ack samudayik radio station jisamen koee anya sthaaniya radio station naheen haye-koo "type aeye" key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye, jisase ise samudayik karyakramon kii vyaapak shrinkhala koo samaayojit karane key liye niyaamak aur licenses aavashyaktaon kaa ack adhik lachila sett pradaan kiya jaataa haye, jise iss tarah key station koo seva dene kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
ecudor.
equador mein, kaee samudayik radio station dhaarmik samoohon dwara sanchaalit kiye jaate hain aur inmein catholic, protestant aur bahaai aastha station shamil hain. samudayik bhagidari aur swa-prabandhan kii matra bhinn hoti haye. radio laitakunga ack pariyojana seey judaa huaa thaa jisamen swadeshi sangathanon koo subah jaldi prasaran key liye saptahik karyakramon koo record karane key liye saral upkaranon kii aapoorti kii jaati thee. kuchh swadeshi samooh apane swayam key radio station sanchaalit karate hain; inmein ushnakatibandhiya varshaavan mein shuar sangh aur bolivar praant mein simiatag kaa samudaay shamil haye. bolivia key vipareet, trade-union radio aitihaasik roop seey equador mein prabhaavshaali naheen rhaa haye.
ethiopia.
sanchaar aur soochana praudyogiki mantralaya (mcit), sanghiya ethiopia ganarajya aur vishva vikas foundation, naee dilli, bhaarat ney 30 juuna 2014 koo finote selam, dilo (borana), adola riddy (guji), chewaka (ilubabor zone) mein saat samudayik radio stations kii sthaapana key liye ack samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye.ilubabor), semera, arrie vorada (debub omo) aur uba debratesehe (gamo gofa kshetra, dakshini deshon, rashtriyataon aur logon key kshetra mein), samudaay key vibhinn kshetron kii durdasha koo oopar uthaane key uddeshya seey laabhkaari jaankaari key mukt pravaah key liye ack maarg key roop mein kaam karane key liye ethiopia. stations kii yojana sabhi key liye, vishesh roop seey niyamit nagrikon key liye, samajik, saanskritik, raajneetik aur aadhyatmik roop seey khud koo vyakt karane kii sambhaavanaon koo kholane key liye banaai gaee thee, iss prakaar samudaay key pratyek sadasya koo nirnay lene mein bhaag lene key liye taiyar kiya gayaa thaa.
vishva vikas foundation, bhaarat sarkaar kii vibhinn agencies aur ethiopia mein bhaarat key dutawas key sakriya samarthan key saath aur vishesh roop seey shree. sanjay verma, rajdoot aur shree. vijay kumar, dow. hurry ome srivastav aur mct, ethiopia sitambar 2015 mein kaam puuraa karane aur sabhi samudayik radio stations koo mct koo saunpane mein saksham they.
meal key patthar
mukhya aakarshan 
uplabdhiyaan
apane niyamit sanchaalan key madhyam seey samudayik radio saksham hogaah
media foundation ney jimma samudaay aur jimma vishvavidyalaya key saath milkar 2007 mein ethiopia mein pahala samudayik radio station mahsoos kiya. samudayik radio station jimma vishvavidyalaya (ethiopia key dakshin-paschim mein) mein sthit haye.
hangri.
samaajvaad seey parivartan key baad raajneetik abhivyakti kii swatantrata aur sangeet karyakramon kaa prasaran karate hue pahale samudayik stations kii shuruat samudri dakuon key roop mein hui. 1991 mein tilos radio pahala aisaa station thaa, jisake baad fixes radio aur sivil radio they. 2004 key baad seey ack naee shreni utpann huih "kiskozosgi" (chhote samudayik station), joe cumm-bijli vaale station hain. 2010 taka, aise 70 seey adhik sookshm stations ney poore desh mein prasaran shuru curr diyaa haye. gaanv key station, chhote shahar key station, vishvavidyalaya station, upa-saanskritik aur dhaarmik station hain. sabse achche fm mein, elso pasty agyetemi radio aur foozee radio chhote samudayik station hain. 
bhaarat.
bhaarat mein samudayik radio koo vaidh banaane kaa abhiyaan 1990 key dashak key madhya mein shuru huaa, jaba bhaarat kii sarvocch adalat ney farwari 1995 key apane faisale mein faisala sunaaya kii "airwaves saarvajanik sampatti hain. iss faisale ney desh bhar mein kaee swatantra bhaashan adhivaktaon, shikshaavidon aur samudaay key sadasyon koo bhaarat mein samudayik radio koo vaidh banaane key liye ack thhos abhiyaan banane key liye prerit kiya.
1996 mein, ack bangalore sthit media vakaalat samooh jise aavaaz kahaa jaataa haye, ney samudayik radio hitdhaarakon kii ack sabhaa kaa ayojan kiya. prasaran key teesare star kii sthaapana key liye ack ghoshana, i.ee.samudayik prasaran parr hastakshar kiye gaye. ack sujhaav diyaa gayaa kii havaai stations koo samudayik prasaran key liye niyamit prasaran samay aavantit karna chaahiye. samudayik radio stations koo chalaane key liye aine. jee. oh. aur anya gair-laabhkaari samoohon koo licenses dene key liye bhee anurodh kiye gaye they. baad mein, unesco ney ack swatantra roop seey sanchaalit samudayik radio station kii sthaapana key uddeshya seey karyakramon key prayogaatmak prasaran key liye awazon key liye ack portable utpaadan aur prasaran "briefcase radio station" kitt upalabdh karaaya.
hyderabad mein julaai 2000 seey aandhr pradesh key ack sangathan, dekkan development society (dee. dee. aiss.) dwara aayojit ack unesco praayojit karyashala ney samudayik radio parr 'pastapur pahal' jaari kii, jisamen sarkaar seey naa kewal niji khilaadiyon key liye balki samudaayon key liye bhee media sthaan upalabdh karakar raajya key ekadhikar seey mukt prasaran key apane iradon koo apane taarkik nishkarsh parr leey jaane kaa aagrah kiya gayaa. iss aitihaasik dastaavez ney sarkaar seey pahale seey maujood sarkari saarvajanik radio aur niji vaanijyik radio mein gair-laabhkaari samudayik radio jodkar bhaarat mein prasaran kii teen-stariya sanrachana banaane kaa aagrah kiya.
saath hii, samudayik radio parr utpaadan aur sahabhaagi karyakramon key prasaar key sandarbh mein kaee pahalon ney pahale hii kaam karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. dakshin bhaarat mein, dakkan vikas samaaj ney dalit mahilaaon key samoohon key saath kaam karke sangam radio shuru kiya, jisake liye samudaay dwara karyakram banaae gaye they, lekin way 'sankeern' they.ee. samooh kii baithakon mein casset khilaadiyon key madhyam seey samudaay key liye vaapas khela. ack anya aitihaasik pahal aavaajon aur myrada dwara sanyukt roop seey sthaapit kii gaee thee-jise namma dhawani (hamari aavaaz) kahaa jaataa haye, jahaan karyakram budikote gaanv (bangalore seey lagbhag 100 kilometres) mein aur usake aspas key samudaayon dwara nirmit kiye gaye they, aur nikatatam akhil bhaaratiya radio station parr vitarit kiye gaye they aur baad mein sthaaniya cable network parr. paschim mein, gujaraat mein ack nagrik samaaj samooh, kachch mahila vikas sangathan ney sthaaniya vikas aur saanskritik muddon parr karyakram banaane key liye kachch jile mein mahilaaon key saath kaam kiya, aur nikatatam akhil bhaaratiya radio station parr prasaran shuru kiya. uttari bhaag mein, bhaarat key vikas key liye vaikalpik ney jharkhand key gadhwa block mein samudaay key sadasyon key saath karyakram banaae, aur akhil bhaaratiya radio station parr karyakram prasaarit kiye. chamba aur rudraprayag mein samudayik samoohon ney, donon uttarakhand mein, sahabhaagi karyakramon kaa utpaadan karna shuru kiya aur vishva antariksh upgrah radio network parr prasaran kiya.
kumaaun vaani radio station kii sthaapana oorjaa aur sansaadhan sansthaan dwara march 2010 mein uttarakhand key nainital jile mein kumaaun kshetra key kaee gaanvon mein samudaayon koo ack saath laane key uddeshya seey kii gaee thee. sthaaniya krishak samudaay key beach satat vikas koo badhaava dene key liye ack upkaran key roop mein radio kaa upayog karane key liye isaki sthaapana kii gaee thee. yeh usa kshetra key logon key liye praasangik samagri kaa prasaran kartaa haye jise vaanijyik media dwara andekha kiya jaataa haye.
2003 kii shuruat taka, bhaarat sarkaar ney dow. dwara taiyar kiye gaye samudayik radio dishaanirdeshon kaa pahala sett jaari kiya. hurry ome srivastav aur upayog kii jaane vaali takneek, lekin durbhagya seey, kewal shaikshanik sansthanon key liye paatrata seemit curr dee gaee. haashiye parr padey aur aavaajaheen samudaay taba jaari kiye gaye samudayik radio neeti dishaanirdeshon key dayare seey baahar baney rahey.annaa vishvavidyalaya mein audio visual research center key tatkalin nideshak dow. sridhar ramamurthy ney bhaarat key pahale parisar "samudayik" radio station key roop mein annaa fm kaa shubharambh kiya. aur, navintam samudayik radio neeti dishaanirdeshon (2006) key anusaar, annaa fm samudayik radio kii paribhasha key bheetar achchi tarah seey aataa haye. 1 farwari 2004 koo shuru kiya gayaa, yeh vartamaan mein media vigyaan vibhaag, annaa vishvavidyalaya dwara sanchaalit haye. karyakram chhatron key saath-saath samudaay dwara bhee taiyar kiye jaate hain. annaa vishvavidyalaya station 1 farwari 2004 koo shuru kiya gayaa thaa. rashtramandal shiksha aur unesco ney disambar 2004 mein annaa vishvavidyalaya mein samudayik radio parr ack antarrashtriya baithak praayojit kii. bhaarat mein sabhi avedakon key saath-saath 13 deshon key pratinidhiyon ney bhaag liya. bhaarat sarkaar ney iss station key kaam-kaaj kaa adhyayan kiya aur saath hii bhaarat mein sattaaroodh dall key parivartan kaa adhyayan kiya aur varsh 2006 mein neeti dastavej mein ann karod mein seekha gayaa kaee sabak shamil kiye gaye. vyavsaayiyon aur samudayik radio adhivaktaon ney desh key graameen, dooradraj aur pahaadi kshetron mein rahane vaale samudaayon koo shamil karane key liye samudayik radio kshetra key janadesh kaa vistaar karane kii disha mein sarkaar koo aage badhaana jaari rakhaa.
16 navambar 2006 koo, bhaarat sarkaar ney nae samudayik radio dishaanirdeshon koo lagu kiya, joe aine. jee. oh., shaikshanik sansthanon aur krishi sansthanon koo samudayik radio stations key swaamitva aur sanchaalan kii anumati dete hain. 30 navambar 2008 taka desh mein 38 samudayik radio station sanchaalit they. inmein seey dou ngo dwara sanchaalit hain aur baaki shaikshanik sansthanon dwara sanchaalit hain.
aine. jee. oh. (parisar-adharit radio seey alag) key liye licenses praapt pahala samudaay-adharit radio station 15 octuber 2008 koo shuru kiya gayaa thaa, jaba makka vikas samaaj key liye licenses praapt sangham radio, pastapur gaanv, medak jile, aur aandhr pradesh raajya mein subah 11:00 parr prasaarit huaa thaa. isaliye, neeti dishaanirdeshon parr adharit sangham radio, bhaarat kaa doosara samudayik radio station haye. sangham radio, joe 90.4 megahertz parr prasaarit hotaa haye, koo dakkan vikas samaaj (dee. dee. aiss.) (ack ngo joe aandhr pradesh key lagbhag 75 gaanvon mein mahila samoohon key saath kaam kartaa haye) key liye licenses praapt haye. samudayik radio station kaa prabandhan "samanya" narsamma aur algole narsamma dwara kiya jaataa haye.
2006 kii samudayik radio neeti key tahat, koee bhee gair-laabhkaari "kanuni ikai"-vyaktiyon, raajneetik dalon (aur unake sahyogiyon), aaparaadhik aur pratibandhit sangathanon koo chhodkar-ack karod licenses key liye aavedan curr sakati haye. licenses unhein lagbhag 12 kilometres key dayare key coverage kshetra key saath 100-vaat (prabhaavi vikiran shakti) radio station sanchaalit karane kaa adhikaar detaa haye. antina kii adhikatam oonchaai 30 meater kii anumati haye. samudayik radio stations seey apane karyakramon kaa cumm seey cumm 50 pratishat sthaaniya star parr, jitna sambhav hoe, sthaaniya bhasha yaa bolly mein utpaadan karane kii ummeed haye. vikasatmak karyakramon parr jore diyaa jaa rhaa haye, halanki manoranjan parr koee spasht pratibandh naheen haye. bhaarat mein samudayik radio parr samachar karyakramon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa haye (kyonki way vaanijyik fm radio parr hain). haalaanki, sarkaar ney spasht kiya haye kii radio parr kuchh shreniyon key samacharon kii anumati haye, jisamen khel samachar aur tippaniyan, yatayat aur mausam kii sthiti parr jaankaari, saanskritik karyakramon aur tyohaaron kii coverage, shaikshanik karyakramon parr jaankaari, bijli aur paani kii aapoorti, aapada chetavaniyon aur swaasthya alert jaisi upayogitaon seey sambandhit saarvajanik ghoshanaaen shamil hain. samudayik radio parr prati ghante paanch minut key vigyaapan kii anumati haye. praayojit karyakramon kii anumati naheen haye, sivaay isake kii jaba karyakram sthaaniya yaa raajya star parr sarkaar dwara praayojit kiya jaataa haye.
kissy diye gaye licenses kshetra mein, mossit key wireless yojana aur samanvaya (doubleu. pee. see.) wing samudayik radio key liye kewal teen aavrittiyaan aarakshit kartaa haye. yeh aarakshan anaupchaarik roop seey kiya jaataa haye aur doubleu. pee. see. key paas fm baind mein samudayik radio key liye spectrum aavantan key sambandh mein koee aadhikarik sanchaar yaa dishanirdesh naheen hain. doubleu. pee. see. bhaarat mein 800 key. aich. jee. key channel prithakkaran kaa anusaran kartaa haye. iska matlab haye kii yadi kissy radio station koo diye gaye licenses kshetra mein 90.4 megahertz aavantit kiya jaataa haye, tou agali upalabdh aavritti 91.2 megahertz haye. isake alawa, ack baar jaba ack radio station koo doubleu. pee. see. dwara aavritti aavantit kii jaati haye, tou usa vishesh aavritti koo 100 kilometres key trijya key liye avaruddh curr diyaa jaataa haye.
desh bhar key kaaryakartaon aur samudayik kaaryakartaon ney samudayik radio stations key liye prashikshan aur samarthan kaa samanvaya karane aur adhik sakriya samudayik radio neeti key liye kaam karane key liye bhaarat key samudayik radio munch key tatvavdhan mein ack saath kaam kiya haye. samudayik radio munch, bhaarat, 26 farwari 2008 koo ack samaaj aur nyaas key roop mein panjikrit thaa. samudayik radio munch key sadasya sambhaavit avedakon kii jaanch karane key liye screening samiti kii baithakon mein bhaag lete hain, aur sangathan koo bhaarat sarkaar dwara prakaashit prasaran vidheyak key masaude mein ack rashtriya star key swa-niyaamak nikaay key roop mein bhee maanyata praapt haye.
1 julaai 2010 taka, soochana aur prasaran mantralaya ney ghoshana kii kii puraane parisar-radio dishaanirdeshon key tahat 104 sahit karod licenses key liye 715 aavedan praapt hue they. iraade key liye 231 patra jaari kiye gaye they (puraane dishaanirdeshon key tahat 63 sahit). 102 avedakon key saath anumati samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye gaye aur 68 samudayik radio station prasaarit kiye gaye. 107 aavedan khariz curr diye gaye aur 377 avedanon parr kaarravaai kii jaa rahee thee. 1 farwari 2012 taka soochana aur prasaran mantralaya koo kull 991 samudayik radio licenses aavedan praapt hue they. 161 avedakon key saath anumati samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye gaye they aur 126 samudayik radio station prasaarit they.
1 aprail, 2012 seey sanchaar mantralaya ney spectrum shulk koo badhaakar roo. 91, 000-pichhale vaarshik shulk roo. seey paanch gunaa vriddhi. 19, 700. iss kadam ney karyatmak samudayik radio stations, samudayik radio munch aur bhaaratiya samudayik radio sangh jaise vakaalat nikaayon seey vyaapak virodh koo uksaayaa, aur yahaan taka kii soochana aur prasaran mantralaya key sachiv ney bhee record parr kahaa haye kii nirnay lene seey pahale unake mantralaya key vichaar naheen maange gaye they. unhone yeh bhee chinta vyakt kii kii kaee sangathanon koo spectrum royalty shulk mein vriddhi kaa bhugtan karna asambhav lagega. samudayik radio munch ney pahale hii 9 aur 10 maee koo soochana aur prasaran mantralaya dwara aayojit ack neeti paramarsh kaa bahishkaar curr diyaa haye. kaee samudayik radio stations ney bhee 9 maee koo 'maun divas' manaaya, jahaan spectrum shulk vriddhi kii ghoshana kii gaee, virodh geet prasaarit kiye gaye, samudayik drishya aamantrit kiye gaye, aur baaki dinn prasaran bund curr diyaa gayaa.
vibhinn hitdhaarakon key dabaav key baad, soochana aur sanchaar praudyogiki mantralaya (moct) ney ghoshana kii kii spectrum shulk aur royalty shulk koo rupaye key vaarshik shulk mein vaapas laaya jaayega. 19, 700. spectrum shulk roo. sitambar 2013 taka salana 19,700, usa samay mantralaya koo mamle kii phir seey jaanch karni thee.
bhaarat sarkaar key soochana aur prasaran mantralaya key anusaar, 25 aprail 2023 koo bhaarat mein samudayik radio kii sthiti theeh
bhaarat mein parichaalan samudayik radio stations kii poori soochi soochana aur prasaran mantralaya kii website parr prakaashit kii jaati haye. isake alawa, hyderabad mein rashtriya shaukiya radio sansthaan key jose jacob ney bhee upalabdh stations kii ack soochi prakaashit kii haye.
pratyek vyaktigat parichaalan samudayik radio stations parr vivaran aur vivaran dekhane key liye, soochana aur prasaran mantralaya samudayik radio parr ack sangrah taiyar kartaa haye, joe unaki website parr bhee upalabdh aur prakaashit hotaa haye.
asia key liye samudayik radio aur rashtramandal shaikshik media kendra (semka): 2007 seey, semka karyanvayan agency honey aur dow. aar. sridhar isake nideshak honey key saath, soochana aur prasaran mantralaya, bhaarat sarkaar ney karod rupaye key liye licenses key liye aavedan karane key liye adhik sangathanon koo praapt karane key liye ack vatavaran banaane key liye desh bhar mein 40 seey adhik jagrukta karyashalaon kaa ayojan kiya. juuna 2012 taka, sarkaar koo ack hazaar seey adhik aavedan praapt hue they aur unamen seey 400 koo aashay patra mille they. jabaki praarambhik charan mein shaikshik parisaron mein adhik station dekhe gaye, 400 loyce key vishleshan seey yeh tathya saamane aataa haye kii dou tihai loyce nagrik samaaj sangathanon mein gaye hain. unhein dhana kii kamee, prashikshan, maanav sansaadhan aur dursanchar mantralaya key doubleu. pee. see. wing dwara aavritti koo manjuri dene mein kathinaaee key kaaran station koo launch karna mushkil lagata haye. julaai 2014 mein, bhaarat sarkaar ney samudayik radio stations koo samarthan dene key liye ack yojana kii ghoshana kii aur iss uddeshya key liye 100 karod rupaye aavantit kiye.
samudayik radio sangh
2011 mein dilli mein see. aar. stations key pahale sammelan key turant baad samudayik radio sangh kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. 58 stations ney aprail 2011 mein ack sangh key gathan key liye apani ruchi vyakt kii, jisamen jamini star parr kaam karane vaale loga apane samudaayon kaa pratinidhitva curr sakate hain aur aavaajaheen logon kii aavaaj koo saamane laa sakate hain. ack pepper taiyar kiya gayaa aur parichaalan stations key beach vitarit kiya gayaa aur sangh kii bhoomika, isaki sanrachana, uddeshyon aadi parr aam sahamati bunny. pahunch gaye. julaai 2011 mein dilli mein society panjikaran adhiniyam key tahat ack society panjikrit kii gaee thee.
cray kii mukhya visheshtaen hainh
bhale hii cray kewal dou saal purana haye, iska yogdan aur samudayik radio key paksh mein ack vatavaran banaane mein isake sadasyon kii bhoomika thhos rahee haye.
cray karyakramon/karyashalaon kaa ayojan curr rhaa haye aur duniya bhar mein apane sadasyon key anubhavon koo saajha curr rhaa haye. isake kuchh sadasya antarrashtriya manchon parr andolan kaa pratinidhitva curr rahey hain aur samudayik radio kii shakti koo dohra rahey hain. way europe aur africa donon deshon mein iss andolan key vikas kaa samarthan curr rahey hain.
choonki cray ack sadasya-adharit sangathan haye, isaliye isake sabhi sadasya vibhinn kshetron aur boliyon mein samudayik radio station chalaa rahey hain, way ack saath sansadhanon aur anubhav kii ack khadaan koo table parr laate hain.
cray kii taakat anubhavi radio chikitsakon kaa network haye, joe samudayik radio key janadesh koo prakat karate hain. yeh sangathan bhaarat kii vividhata, bhaashaon aur boliyon kii bheed, vividh sthalaakriti aur itihas kaa ack sachcha pratibimb haye. yeh iss kshetra mein ekmatra network haye, joe poori tarah seey loktaantrik haye aur asahamati key liye jagah detaa haye, kyonki kissy bhee samudaay key baare mein kuchh bhee sajaatiya naheen haye.
yadi humm pratyek sadasya radio station key anubhav koo kull karane kii koshish karate hain-joe abb kull 92 hain, tou yeh ack badee sankhya hogi. iss radio station kii pahunch 40 laakh seey adhik logon taka haye.
2013 mein, cray ney dou kshetriya karyashalaon kaa ayojan kiya haye-dakshin aur paschim kshetra aur teen raajya star key anubhav saajha karane kii baithaken-tamilanadu, maharashtra, keral. sabhi mein karyashalaen aur baithaken hui hain 
kshetra, jisamen sadasya ack saath aae hain aur apani chunautiyon aur uplabdhiyon koo saajha kiya haye.
bhaarat aur videshon mein sabhi karyatmak aur ichchuk samudayik radio stations koo badhaava dene, protsaahit karane, samarthan dene aur suvidha pradaan karane key mission key saath, cray ney pahale hii soochana aur prasaran mantralaya key liye saat karyashalaon kii mejbani kii haye. dibrugarh, ootee, gova, faridabad, bhuvneshwar, kochchi aur jaipur mein saat samudayik radio jagrukta karyashalaen aayojit kii gaeen. ichchuk samudayik radio sanchalakon kii bhagidari jabardast thee. karyashalaon kii gunavatta aur vishay-vastu achchi tarah seey sochi-samajhi aur preranadayak thee. 90 pratishat seey adhik pratibhagiyon ney antim dinn aashay patra diye.
licenses shulk mein vriddhi key khilaf poore abhiyaan kaa netritva kiya. sangathan key sadasyon ney mantri shree kapil sibbal seey vyaktigat roop seey mulakat kii aur yachika koo saunp diyaa jiss parr isake sabhi sadasyon ney hastakshar kiye they. cray ney iss mudde parr see. aar. aff. key saath milkar kaam kiya aur tatkalin soochana aur prasaran mantri sushree ambika soney key saath ack baithak bhee aayojit kii, jinhone shulk mein vriddhi key mudde koo sambandhit vibhaag key saath uthaaya. isake alaavaah
samudayik radio key liye samagri kaa adaan-pradaan aur gyaan saajha karna.
bhaarat sarkaar vishesh roop seey radio karyakramon, achchi prathaon, cases studdy aadi key vishay-vastu key adaan-pradaan koo badhaava dey rahee haye. upalabdh sansadhanon key saarthak upayog koo suvidhajanak banaana.
pichhale dou varshon mein, soochana aur prasaran mantralaya ney "ack duniya ack aavaaj" (edaa) koo badhaava diyaa haye-joe dakshin asia mein samudayik radio vyavsaayiyon key liye ack audio aur gyaan vinimay portal haye. varsh 2008 mein shuru kiya gayaa ee. dee. aeye. 1 sitambar 2013 koo 5 saal poore curr rhaa haye.
ee. dee. aeye. aeye. ack web-adharit seva haye joe radio stations kii samagri upload karati haye. googal maanchitra parr bhee naheen dikhaai dene vaale gaanvon seey bhojpuri yaa tamil sunana, itna romanchak munch haye kii mantralaya bhee samudayik radio key liye bhavishya kii yojanaon parr apani press vigyapti mein iska ullekh kartaa haye. ee. dee. aeye. dakshin asia kaa sabse badaa samudaay-nirmit audio baink haye aur 33 vishayagat kshetron key tahat vargeekrit 28 vibhinn dakshin asiai bhaashaon mein 2,900 seey adhik radio karyakramon kii mejbani kartaa haye. ack anya online sthaan joe bhaarat mein samudayik radio stations key beach seekhane aur gyaan key adaan-pradaan kaa samarthan kartaa haye, vaha haye samudayik media munch joe sahyog, gyaan saajha karane aur webinar kaa samarthan kartaa haye joe samudayik radio station aur samudayik media key sadasya apane anubhavon koo saajha karane key liye curr sakate hain.
ireland.
ireland mein 1970 key dashak key anta seey swayam-varnit samudayik radio station hain, halanki yeh 1995 taka naheen thaa kii pahale 11 licenses praapt station swatantra radio aur television aayog dwara sanchaalit 18 maheene kii pilot pariyojana key hisse key roop mein prasaarit hue. praarambhik stations kaa pratinidhitva samudayik-radio prasarakon key rashtriya sangh dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jisane 1988 mein nae stations kii sthaapana key liye ack guide prakaashit kiya thaa.
ireland mein 24 licenses praapt station hain. 2004 mein licenses praapt stations ney 2004 mein ack pratinidhi samooh key roop mein ack sahakaari croll kaa gathan kiya, jisamen stations koo sharedharakon key roop mein rakhaa gayaa. 2007 mein, mahatvakankshi stations key liye naee sadasyata shreniyan banaai gaeen, aur unake vikas mein nae stations kii sahaayata key liye ack "vikas seedhi" sthaapit kii gaee. 2010 taka, vikas key vibhinn charanon mein 42 mahatvakankshi station they.
prasaran adhiniyam 2009 ney samudayik radio kii ack kanuni paribhasha pradaan kii, joe pahale ireland key prasaran aayog (abb ireland kaa prasaran pradhikaran) kii samudayik radio neeti dwara nirdhaarit kii gaee thee. adhiniyam ney kanuni paribhasha koo puuraa karane vaale ichchuk samoohon key liye 100-divasiya licenses (12-maheene kii avadhi key bheetar) kii upalabdhata kaa bhee praavdhaan kiya.
croll dwara 2008 mein aapsi sahyog key liye ack samjhauta sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa; yeh sunishchit kartaa haye kii hastaksharkarta (jisamen sabhi poori tarah seey licenses praapt station shamil hain) safal vitt poshan aavedan, prashikshan samagri aur neetiyon koo saajha karate hain. isase networking aur soochana-sajhakaran mein ullekhaniya vriddhi hui haye. samjhaute mein prograaming koo saajha karna bhee shamil thaa, aur ack network website ack sansaadhan baink aur online karyakram vinimay key madhyam seey inn gatividhiyon koo suvidhajanak banaati haye.
ireland mein samudayik radio stations mein ack bhaugolik samudaay yaa ruchi key samudaay (jaise parisar station, isai aur ayrish-bhasha station) kii seva karane vaale station shamil hain. 2004 seey samudayik radio mein maanyata praapt prashikshan croll key madhyam seey upalabdh haye. iss tarah key prashikshan kii gati 2009 key madhya seey badhee haye, jisamen 95 pratishat croll sadasya station shamil hain. juuna 2010 mein pahala samudayik radio sammelan crock park, doublin mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa.
station ireland key sabhi chaar praanton mein sthit hain; haalaanki, coverage saarvbhaumik naheen haye. doublin mein stations kii sabse badee sankhya haye, aur uttar aur paschim mein mahatvapurna samooh hain.
ireland mein samudayik radio mein shamil hainh
prakriya aur utpaad kaa sanyojan samudaay kii jarooraton dwara nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye, aur samudaay dwara niyantrit prabandhan sanrachana key madhyam seey lagu kiya jaataa haye.
japan.
japan mein desh bhar mein cumm shakti vaale samudayik radio stations kaa ack network haye. unakaa sabse aam coll saain jozz-XXX-fm haye.
1992 mein ise sansthaagat banaaya gayaa thaa. 1995 mein badaa hanshin bhookamp aaya aur baad mein prasaran stations kii sankhya mein vriddhi hui. vartamaan mein (sitambar 2015), lagbhag 300 station maujood hain.
jorden.
pahala samudayik radio ammanet.nett kii sthaapana 2000 mein internet parr jorden mein puraskar vijeta arab patrakaar daud kuttab dwara niji, gair-sarkari radio parr sarkari pratibandhon koo darkinar karane key saadhan key roop mein kii gaee thee. 2005 mein ammanet koo jorden kii rajdhani amman mein ack aff. aim. niji station key roop mein licenses diyaa gayaa thaa. radio ney hamein licenses key liye 30,000 dollar kaa bhugtan kiya. ammanet jorden mein dou anya samudayik radio stations key prashikshan mein bhee shamil rhaa haih ack lib aur mleh key judvaan gaanvon mein, aur doosara dakshini shahar maan mein king hussain vishvavidyalaya key hisse key roop mein. ammanet internet radio mein arab media kaaryakartaon koo prashikshit karane mein bhee shamil haye. khalijanet key hisse key roop mein karmiyon koo prashikshit karane aur nau khaadi-adharit radio stations koo shuru karane key liye ack karyakram shuru kiya gayaa thaa.nett. janwari 2008 mein, ammanet radio kaa naam badalkar all-balaad radio curr diyaa gayaa, jabaki ammanet.nett ack samachar website key roop mein banaa rhaa.
jorden mein dou anya samudayik radio station sthaapit kiye gaye hain. yarmouk fm, school kii patrakaarita aur zana sanchaar karyakram key hisse key roop mein irbed mein yarmouk vishvavidyalaya mein sthit haye. farah fm nirmanadhin haye, lekin usake paas amman aur zarka (jorden kaa doosara sabse badaa shahar) mein prasaran karane kaa licenses haye. yeh station mukhya roop seey yuvaaon aur mahilaaon key muddon parr dhyaan kendrit karega.
phillippeans.
phillippeans mein sabse prasiddh samudayik radio network radio nattin (hamara radio) haye. isake stations ney desh bhar mein upgrah key madhyam seey ack live manila feed prasaarit kiya; kabhi-kabhi stations ney sthaaniya karyakramon koo prasaarit kiya, jisase manila feed mein katauti hui. ise ack samudayik network maanaa jaataa haye, kyonki sthaaniya karyakram vibhinn aar. aine. stations parr prasaarit hotey hain. radio nateen kaa swaamitva manila prasaran company key paas haye.
phillippeans mein samudayik radio stations kaa sabse badaa network radio nattin haye, joe uttar mein bataane seey laker dakshin mein tavee-tavee taka poore dweepsamuh mein 150 seey adhik chhote fm stations kii ginati kartaa haye.
aar. aine. stations kaa swaamitva aur sanchaalan franchisee dharakon dwara kiya jaataa haye, joe apane aap mein saarvajanik-seva-unmukh sanchaarak hain. audio streaming key saath, rashtriya feed key liye internet key madhyam seey duniya bhar key shrotaon taka pahunchana sambhav haye; yeh ummeed kii jaati haye kii nikat bhavishya mein (), franchisee stations koo bhee duniya bhar mein sunaa jaayega.
radio nateen una darshakon taka pahunchane mein saksham haye joe radio dwara pahale kabhi naheen pahunche hain.
halanki radio nattin fm baind mein paaya jaataa haye, subah mein yeh rashtriya samachar karyakram key liye manila prasaran company key pramukh station, djdrh key saath sambaddh haye.
dopahar key dauran, radio nateen mein lokpriya sangeet hotaa haye.
paase mein starr city complexes mein mbc building mein apane studio key saath, radio nattin upgrah dwara apane stations koo apane sanket bhejata haye. inn stations ney apane sanketon koo sthaaniya roop seey phir seey prasaarit kiya.
haalaanki, yeye vyaktigat radio nattin station, nirdisht samay parr apane swayam key kshetron mein manila kendriya studio aur havaai karyakramon seey "unhook" curr sakate hain; iss prakaar, radio nattin coverage mein rashtravyapi haye lekin sthaaniya prakriti kaa haye.
2005 mein rashtriya dursanchar aayog key aayukt seey ack yuddhaviram aur tyag nirdesh vaalaa ack kaaran-pradarshan adesh radio nateen koo jaari kiya gayaa thaa, jisase sabhi stations koo bund karane key liye majboor honah padaa thaa.
manila prasaran company key khilaf adesh mein, aine. tii. see. aayukt ronald oliver solis ney kahaa kii company "aayog seey aavashyak pradhikaran key binaa ack vaanijyik prasaran station key roop mein ack cumm bijli vaale fm station kaa sanchaalan curr rahee haye."
nepal.
nepal ney 1997 mein samudayik radio koo apanaaya jaba radio sagarmatha ("sagarmatha" "mount everest" key liye nepali naam haye), joe 102.4 mhz parr prasaarit hotaa haye, dakshin asia mein pahala swatantra saarvajanik-hita prasarak bunn gayaa. isaki sthaapana usa varsh maee mein paryaavaran patrakaron key nepal munch (nephage) dwara kii gaee thee. radio sagarmatha abhivyakti kii swatantrata aur nepali nagrikon key soochana key adhikaar key liye ladaai kii agrim pankti mein haye.
150 seey adhik samudayik radio station hain jinhen nepali sarkaar dwara licenses diyaa gayaa haye. nepal mein samudayik radio key liye koee alag neetiyaan yaa kaanoon naheen hain. maujooda neeti aur samudayik aur vaanijyik radio stations donon parr lagu hoti haye. samudayik radio station sarkaar koo samudayik radio stations key liye alag-alag neeti aur kaanoon lagu karane key liye yachika daayar curr rahey hain, jinka aadarsh vaakya samajik parivartan aur samajik nyaay haye. unhone loktantra koo bahaal karane aur nepal koo rajshahi seey ganarajya mein badalane mein bhoomika nibhai haye. kaanoon kaa shasson, langic samaantaa, shiksha, swaasthya, nagrik, bhrashtachar virodhi pahal, sushasana, paryaavaran aur dinn-pratidin kii samasyaon aur muddon kii sthaaniya samudayik radio stations dwara ack alag praarup mein jaanch kii jaati haye. samudayik radio poore nepal mein achchi coverage kaa anand letaa haye, aur samachar isake sabse lokpriya praarupon mein seey ack haye. iska pahala radio nirmaata/prastutkarta shree they. ghamraj lutel, jinhone lagbhag dedh dashak taka karyakram aur sheersh prabandhan mein vibhinn padon parr radio sagarmatha kii seva kii. unhone apani 15 saal kii seva key dauran radio sagarmatha koo shrotaon key beach advitiya radio karyakramon key madhyam seey bahut lokpriya banaaya aur chaar saal taka station prabandhak key roop mein vikasit karane key liye mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaane key baad ise chhod diyaa. shree. 1 farwari, 2005 key baad kendriya pravakta key roop mein bhoomika nibhaate hue swatantra radio andolan koo bachaane key liye raajaa gyanendra key takhtapalat key dauran lutel ney radio sagarmatha kaa netritva kiya.
radio sagarmatha kaa itihas nepal mein havaa kii laharon parr sarkari niyantran key dheere-dheere dheele honey key saath judaa huaa haye. navambar 1990 mein nae samvidhaan key samay seey, station koo havaa mein rakhane kaa abhiyaan ack nae sanchaar vatavaran aur swatantra, saarvajanik hita key prasaran key mahatva aur aavashyakta key baare mein ack naee jagrukta laane mein mahatvapurna thaa.
nepal mein zana-media baadhaon kaa saamana kartaa haye; desh kaa bhugol yaa tou zana-prasaar print media yaa electronic media dwara coverage key liye anupayukt haye. samachar patron, radio, television aur shiksha taka pahunch garibi seey seemit haye; nepal mein saksharta kaa star cumm haye, vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein aur mahilaaon mein. print aur electronic media donon kathmandu jaise shahari kendron mein kendrit hain aur graameen logon key liye seemit prasangikta key baare mein socha jaataa haye.
1990 mein, nepal ack rajshahi gair-party pranali seey ack sansadiya model mein badal gayaa. ack nae samvidhaan ney abhivyakti kii swatantrata key adhikaar koo sunishchit kiya (vishesh roop seey, pratyek nagrik kaa saarvajanik mahatva key kissy bhee mamle parr jaankaari kii maang karane aur praapt karane kaa adhikaar). samvidhaan mein buniyaadi sanchaar adhikaaron kii abhivyakti kaa paalan adhik kendrit neeti aur vyaavhaarik dishaanirdeshon dwara kiya gayaa thaah 1992 mein, ack rashtriya sanchaar neeti; 1993 mein, ack rashtriya prasaran adhiniyam aur 1995 mein, prasaran niyam.
1994 seey pahale radio prasaran radio nepal kaa vishesh kshetra thaa, joe 1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein raajya prasarak key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 1990 key baad bhee, raajya sarkaaren radio prasaran parr ekadhikar niyantran chhodane mein dheemi theen. pahala swatantra licenses 1997 mein praarambhik aavedan key saadhe chaar saal baad diyaa gayaa thaa.
iss licenses key liye ladaai lambi, kathin aur mahatvapurna thee. mukhya baadhaaen ack asthir raajneetik vatavaran, roodhivaadi raajnetaon aur naukarshahon kii parivartan key prati anichha aur radio nepal kii akhand upasthiti thee. octuber 1992 (jaba aavedan panjikrit kiya gayaa thaa) aur maee 1997 (jaba licenses diyaa gayaa thaa) key beach, nepal mein chaar alag-alag sarkaaren, chaar mantri aur chaar sanchaar sachiv they. mukhya roop seey swatantra abhivyakti aur saarvajanik hita key prasaran key liye pratibaddh patrakaron dwara kii gaee ladaai mein rashtriya pramukhta, peshevar sanghon, ngo, print media, videshi dutaavaason, un sangathanon aur ingo key loga shamil they.
shuru seey hii radio sagarmatha (licenses praapt karane aur ack radio station sthaapit karane key abhiyaan donon key liye) key liye mukhya sangathan vaahan paryaavaran patrakaron kaa nepal munch, ack gair-sarkari sangathan aur patrakaron kaa sangh rhaa haye. sthaapana charan key dauran pramukh antarrashtriya samarthak unesco aur danida they.
nephage radio sagarmatha kaa vartamaan licenses dhaarak haye, halanki station aadhikarik taur parr teen anya media-adharit ngoh himachal association, worldweau nepal aur nepal press institute key saath ack sanyukt prayaas aur saajhedaari thee. iss station kaa netritva nephage dwara gathit saat sadasyiya nideshak mandal ney kiya thaa. nephage upniyamon key madhyam seey, board mein sabhi chaar bhagidar ngo kaa pratinidhitva thaa aur gatividhiyon kii sameeksha aur yojana banaane, neeti nirdhaarit karane aur station key liye disha pradaan karane key liye masik roop seey baithak hoti thee.
aprail 1999 mein, radio sagarmatha nimnalikhit karmchaariyon key saath sanchaalit huaah ack station prabandhak, chhah purnakaalik nirmaata, dou technician, ack sangeet librarian, ack engineer, ack accountant aur ack sahayak. station koo antarrashtriya samarthakon key yogdan aur anubhav seey bhee laabh huaa. swayamsevi radio sagarmatha key karyakram aur sanchaalan kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa hain.
station key karyakramon ney kaee logon koo saarvajanik munch parr apani aavaaj aur raay sunane kaa avsar diyaa haye. dainik aadhar parr, station shrotaon koo rosemarra kii jindagi mein leey jaataa haye. aavaajon aur dhwaniyon kii vividhata (aur isake cumm-seey-atyaadhunik upkaran) station koo kshetra key anya prasarakon seey ack alag swar detee haih vaastavik jeevan kaa ack, jaisa kii vaastavik logon dwara jiyaa aur prograam kiya gayaa. sakshatkar lene vaale aur station parr pesh kiye gaye loga vibhinn prishthabhoomi aur vyavsaayon seey aatey hain.
radio sagarmatha shrotaon koo "ack maanav package" key saath prastut karane key liye kaam karati haih muddon aur manoranjan, samajik charchaon aur sangeet kaa ack sanyojan, aur nepal key radio chainalon parr pahale seey naa sunee gaee vibhinn aavaajon aur raay key liye ack madhyam. apane karyakramon mein, raajya prasarak seey station kaa antar aur paschimi shally key vaanijyik stations kii badhati sankhya sabse spasht haye.
saarvajanik-mamalon kii patrakaarita aur prasaran radio sagarmatha key mission aur adhik jimmedaar press aur adhik bahulvaadi samaaj key liye drishti key kendra mein hain. lock media kii ack lambi parampara aur ack samriddh sangeet viraasat key saath, saanskritik karyakram bhee station key chhah ghante key dainik prasaran mein pramukh hain.
karyakram key anya pahaluon mein "safaa rediyoh swachchh vayu abhiyaan" naamak ack pahal shamil haye jisamen station kathmandu mein vayu pradooshan koo maapane aur rajdhani kii vayu gunavatta key baare mein jaankaari prasaarit karane key liye nepal key paryaavaran vaigyaanik samaaj key saath kaam kartaa haye. halanki pahale samachar prasaran seey pratibandhit, station sangeet key saath mishrit praarup mein dainik samachar kahaaniyon kaa saransh prasaarit kartaa haye aur dainik samudayik-samachar karyakramon kaa prasaran kartaa haye. samudayik pahunch karyakram kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye. ack dainik visheshta haye, "abb merrie baari haye" (jisamen samudaay key loga apani raay dete hain), woakes populi khand, shrotaon key patra aur telephone dwara darj kii gaee pratikriya. 1998 key anta mein, radio sagarmatha ney bee. bee. see. vishva seva key saath ack saajhedaari kii; bee. bee. see. nepali seva key 30 minut aur angreji mein 30 minut key vishva samachar kramshah shaam aur subah key karyakram khandon mein suney jaate hain. samudayik radio prasarak nepal key sangathan kii website parr stations kii poori soochi paaee jaa sakati haye.
newzealand.
association off community axes broadcasters (aeye. see. aeye. bee.) 11 newzealand samudayik radio stations kaa ack samooh haye. 1981 aur 2000 key beach sthaapit aur 1989 seey sarkari dhana praapt karane vaale station, samudayik karyakramon kaa prasaran karate hain aur vyaktiyon aur samudayik samoohon koo karyakramon kaa utpaadan karane key liye suvidhaaen, prashikshan aur onn-air samay pradaan karate hain.
aeye. see. aeye. bee. samooh newzealand kii samudayik prasaran ranneeti kaa ack mukhya ghatak haye. prasaran adhiniyam 1989 kii dhaara 36 (see) key anusaar mahilaaon, yuvaaon, bachchon, jaatiya aur anya alpsankhyakon aur viklang logon key liye karyakram banaane key liye 11 stations key liye salana lagbhag 20 laakh dollar kaa sarkari vitt poshan pool aavantit kiya jaataa haye. pratyek station koo darshakon kii pahunch key aadhar parr chaar-stariya pranali parr vyaktigat station vitt poshan aavantit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen pratyek station koo 110,000 dollar seey 220,000 dollar key beach praapt hotey hain. sarkari vitt poshan key badale mein, ekaab stations koo vishesh dharmon, sanskritiyon, bhaashaon, umr aur yaunataon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala key logon key liye karyakramon koo prasaarit karane key liye ack vyaktigat aur saamoohik janadesh hotaa haye. station swatantra roop seey aur sthaaniya roop seey kaam karate hain, sarvasammati seey prograaming aur samay nirdhaaran parr nirnay lete hain.
dakshin africa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii samaapti key turant baad, desh kii damankari raajya neetiyon ney sabsi (dakshin african prasaran nigam) koo ack prabhaavi ekadhikar diyaa. lagbhag aadhi shatabdi taka yeh ekmatra prasarak thaa jise sanchaalit karane kii anumati thee, aur 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein loktantra mein sankraman taka dakshin african kshetra mein kissy swatantra radio pratiyogita kaa saamana naheen karna padaa. pahala kanuni roop seey anumati praapt, gair-sabsi prasaran 1991 key "festival radio" kaa thaa joe grahmstowne mein roads vishvavidyalaya key parisar radio studio seey thaa. desh kii havaa kii laharon key udghaatan kii dekhrekh key liye ack swatantra prasaran pradhikaran banaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen pahali baar chhote samudayik radio stations koo prasaran karane kii anumati dee gaee thee. paardarshita aur jawabdehi sunishchit karane key liye khule satra mein avedanon parr charcha kii gaee. ullekhaniya praarambhik samudayik prasarakon mein cape town mein busch radio aur umtata mein radio unitra shamil they. swatantra sanchaar pradhikaran (aaee. see. aeye. aiss. aeye.) abb dursanchar aur prasaran kshetron koo niyantrit kartaa haye.
soloman dweep.
soloman dweepon mein isabelle praant mein sanyukt rashtra vikas karyakram key tahat sthaapit kaee samudayik fm radio station hain. march-juuna 2009 mein inca upayog rashtramandal shiksha kii shaanti nirmaan pariyojana key tahat mahilaaon aur yuva networking koo majboot karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. stations koo pahale zana network key graameen email stations seey jodaa jaataa haye. donn bosco takniki vidyalaya ney bhee honiyara key paas ack radio station key sanchaalan mein teter samudaay kii sahaayata kii haye, aur soloman dweep vikas nyaas ney sthaaniya kshamata kaa vistaar karane key liye ack samudayik media kendra kii sthaapana kii haye.
soveto mein kewal 1 samudayik radio station haye jise joji fm 105.80 fm kahaa jaataa haye. yeh pahali baar 1995 mein buaa samudayik station key roop mein prasaarit huaa aur baad mein iska naam joji fm rakhaa gayaa. abb iska netritva shree aim. aim. aich. oh. mhalongo curr rahey hain joe ack poorv prastutkarta aur station key sansthapakon mein seey ack hain.
dakshin koria.
dakshin koriyai sarkaar ney 2005 mein kaee cumm-shakti vaale samudayik radio stations koo licenses diyaa. adhikatam shakti ack vaat haye, joe 5 kimmy taka faili hui haye.
sweeden.
sweeden mein, samudayik radio () koo 1978 mein pareekshan prasaran key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa; agale varsh niyamit prasaran shuru huaa. 1993 taka vigyapanon kii anumati naheen thee, lekin station mukhya roop seey gair-laabhkaari aine. jee. oh. key roop mein sanchaalit hotey hain. desh mein 150 samudayik radio station hain.
seeriya.
arta fm seeriya mein pahala samudayik radio station haye joe teen bhaashaon mein prasaarit hotaa haih kurdish, siriyai aur arabi. yeh amudah mein 07.06.2013 parr sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa aur isake karyalaya amudah aur seeriya mein kamishali mein hain.
thyland.
thyland mein samudayik radio kaa vikas pradhaanmantri thaksin shinavatra kii sarkaar key dauran teji seey huaa, ack niyaamak pradhikaran kii sthaapana mein deree kaa laabh uthaate hue. thyland key 2,000 seey 3,000 samudayik radio stations (aksar binaa licenses key kaam karane vaale) parr havaai-yatayat-niyantran aur anya radio stations mein hastakshep karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa haye. haalaanki, chuninda samudayik radio station pulis kaarravaai kaa lakshya rahey hain, jisase alochakon ney sarkaar parr raajneetik hastakshep kaa aarop lagaaya haye.
united kingdam.
britten mein, samudaay-adharit sevaaon key vichaar kaa pataa cumm seey cumm 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein bee. bee. see. sthaaniya radio key liye mool avadharana key roop mein lagaaya jaa sakata haye. isake baad, vibhinn bhoomi-adharit binaa licenses vaale samudri daku radio stations (jaise kii east landan radio aur radio emeeh aapke liye vaikalpik media) ney iss vichaar koo aur vikasit kiya. 1970 key dashak key anta aur 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein samudri daku stations key prasaar key roop mein, inn stations mein vishesh roop seey alpasankhyak apravasi samudaayon (jaise kii african-carribean aur asiai samudaay, vishesh roop seey landan, birmingham, bristol, glocester aur manchester jaise shaharon mein) key prasaran key madhyam seey shamil hoe gaye they. haalaanki "samudayik radio" britten mein kuchh logon key liye "samudri daku radio" kaa paryaay banaa huaa haye, adhikansh alpasankhyak apravasi station vishuddh roop seey vishisht sangeet shailiyon parr kendrit they aur laabh key aadhar parr (cumm seey cumm saiddhaantik roop seey) sanchaalit kiye gaye they. britten mein samudayik radio sevaaen gair-laabhkaari aadhar parr sanchaalit kii jaati hain, jisamen samudayik swaamitva aur niyantran unaki sanrachana mein nirmit hotaa haye.
samudayik radio station 1978 seey cable pranaliyon parr sanchaalit they; jyaadaatar nae shahar key kshetron mein sthit they, way swayamsevakon dwara sanchaalit kiye jaate they. ullekhaniya stations mein dakshin-poorv landan mein radio thamesmade (baad mein aar. tii. aim. radio) shamil thaa, joe britten key pahale cable radio stations mein seey ack thaa, joe 1978 mein dakshin-poorv landan kshetra mein redefusion cable pranali parr shuru huaa thaa.
1980 key dashak key anta aur 1990 key dashak kii shuruat key dauran, navgathit radio pradhikaran ney kaee nae, poorv-samudri aur cable-adharit samudayik udyamon koo licenses (nivartamaan swatantra prasaran pradhikaran dwara "vriddhisheel" kahaa jaataa haye) pradaan kiye.
samudayik radio stations kii purani nasl prasaran samay bechkar aur daan yaa anudan praapt karke dhana jutaa sakati thee.
poorv yuu. key. prasaran niyaamak radio pradhikaran dwara licenses praapt radio taka pahunch key ack prayog key baad, aar. aeye. key uttaradhikari dwara viniyamit samudayik radio kaa ack nayaa star banaane key liye kaanoon banaaya gayaa thaa. iss naee yojana key tahat prasaarit honey vaalaa pahala station 103 thaa, joe 1 navambar 2005 koo shuru kiya gayaa thaa, joe 103 fm parr aur internet parr leicessire/nottinghamshire seema parr belvoire kii ghaati kii seva kartaa haye. 2005 seey lagbhag 300 aise stations koo prasaran niyaamak off comm dwara licenses diyaa gayaa haye joe pratyek karyakal key anta mein navinikaran key avsar key saath paanch saal key licenses parr kaam curr rahey hain. britten mein adhikansh samudayik radio station fm parr hain, aamtaur parr 25 vaat kii shakti parr. fm samudayik radio stations mein endover radio, cambridge 105, chiltern voyce fm, preston fm aur penistone fm shamil hain. kuchh samudayik radio station vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein am (madhyam lahar) parr prasaarit hotey hain, aur kuchh online sanchaalit hotey hain, jaise pavanchakki prasaran, britten kaa ekmatra radio station joe pavanchakki seey prasaarit hotaa haye, chaudi aankh vaali pavanchakki, stafford mein.
offcom seey aiss. aiss.-daib (chhote paimaane parr digital audio prasaran licenses) kii shuruat key saath, samudayik radio stations kii ack naee nasl yuu. key. key aspas key shaharon aur kasbon mein daib parr shuru hogi. station, jaise kii blith kaa dakshin samudra tata radio, licenses upalabdh honey parr dub launch kii taiyari mein web stream key saath apane praarupon koo praayogik roop seey chalaa rahey hain.
sanyukt raajya america.
yuu mein.aiss.samudayik radio station gair-laabhkaari, samudaay-adharit sanchaalan hain joe sanghiya sanchaar aayog dwara licenses praapt hain. yeye station yuu. aiss. mein anya saarvajanik radio outlet seey alag hain.aiss. samudayik swayamsevakon koo prasarakon key roop mein sakriya roop seey bhaag lene kii anumati dekar.
yuu mein.aiss.samudayik radio stations mein aam taur parr rashtriya saarvajanik radio (aine. pee. aar.) network outlets kii tulanaa mein cumm bajat hotaa haye, kyonki unake vividh karyakramon seey aakarshit chhote darshak hotey hain aur badale mein, sambhaavit yogadankartaon aur vyaavsaayik samarthakon kii chhoti sankhya hoti haye. samudayik station aine. pee. aar. stations seey alag hain kyonki adhikansh samudayik-radio prograaming sthaaniya roop seey gair-peshevar disk jockey aur nirmaataon dwara utpaadit kii jaati haye, jabaki paaramparik saarvajanik station aine. pee. aar. aur anya outlet (jaise kii pri) seey prograaming parr nirbhar karate hain. haalaanki, kuchh samudayik station, jaise kii colorado mein key. vee. aine. aff., florida mein doubleu. aim. aine. aff., aur pensylvania mein doubleu. dee. aaee., apane swayamsevak-adharit sthaaniya utpatti karyakram key alawa aine. pee. aar. koo bhee leey jaate hain.
kaee samudayik stations koo poorna-shakti vaale fm stations key roop mein licenses praapt haye, jabaki anya, vishesh roop seey 2005 key baad sthaapit, cumm-shakti vaale prasaran niyamon key tahat licenses praapt hain. poorv mein seey kaee 1960 aur 1970 key dashak mein sthaapit kiye gaye they jaba yuu mein saanskritik prayog (jaise kii nayaa baaen).aiss. unake mahatvapurna anuyaayi they, jabaki anya radio karyakarta lorenzo milam key darshan seey prabhaavit they. samudayik radio stations kii dekhrekh aamtaur parr gair-laabhkaari sangathanon dwara kii jaati haye, joe nideshak mandal key netritva mein hotey hain aur aksar vyaavsaayik sanchaalan key prabandhan aur swayamsevakon key samanvaya key liye bhugtan kiye gaye karmchaariyon koo shamil karate hain. swayamsevakon koo shamil karate hue samudayik radio karyakram bhee colleges, vishvavidyalayon aur kuchh mamalon mein, uchch vidyaalayon mein chhaatr-sanchaalit stations key hisse key roop mein pesh kiye jaate hain.
samudayik prasarakon key rashtriya sangh kaa gathan 1975 mein samudayik radio stations key liye ack sadasyata sangathan key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. aine. aff. see. bee. stations key liye pustikaaen prakaashit kartaa haye, sanghiya star parr samudayik radio kii or seey ack vaarshik sammelan aur lobby kii mejbani kartaa haye. 1990 key dashak mein isaki aalochana kii gaee thee kyonki yeh prograaming key samarupikaran kii vakaalat kartaa thaa. iss avadhi key baad seey sangathan ney netritva badal diyaa haye. jamini star parr radio gathbandhan stations kaa ack dheela network haye joe saarvajanik radio key badhate vyaavsaayikaran aur swayamsevak-adharit stations key liye samarthan kii kamee key khilaf pratikriya key roop mein banaa haye.
unesco.
unesco samudayik radio kaa ack majboot samarthak haye aur duniya bhar key sthaaniya radio stations kii vyavaharyata badhaane key liye kaam kartaa haye. 2001 mein, media vikas aur samaaj varg ney iss kshetra mein sangathan kii bhagidari key madhyam seey ekatra kii gaee sarvottam prathaon koo saajha karane key liye "samudayik radio pustika" kaa nirmaan kiya. yeh pustika vishesh roop seey radio station key karmiyon koo samudayik vikas koo aage badhaane key saadhan key roop mein shrotaon koo loktaantrik bahas mein kaise shamil kiya jaae, isake baare mein sifaarishen detee haye.
sangathan ney radio station karmchaariyon key pratyaksh prashikshan key madhyam seey samudayik radio kaa bhee samarthan kiya haye. aaee. see. tii. aiss. key saath sthaaniya radio koo sashakt banaane" pariyojana ney 2012 seey 2018 taka 59 sthaaniya radio stations kii reporting kshamata koo majboot kiya. iss unesco pariyojana koo upa-sahaara africa key 10 deshon mein lagu kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen burundi, kango, kenya, lesotho, namibia, ravanda, dakshin africa, tanzania, uganda aur zambia kaa loktaantrik ganarajya shamil haye. karyashalaon mein prasaran kii gunavatta mein sudhaar, vyaapak samvaadaata network banaane aur sthirata koo badhaava dene parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa.
langic samvedansheelta prashikshan pariyojana kaa ack aur mahatvapurna pahalu thaa, jisamen langic muddon seey sambandhit kaee sarvshreshth kahaaniyon koo "graameen mahilaaon key saath onn air" pradarshani mein ekikrit kiya gayaa, antarrashtriya mahila divas 2018 key liye samaroh kaa udghaatan kiya gayaa aur 2018 europeeya vikas dinon mein pradarshit kiya gayaa.
antarrashtriya.
muft radio key liye vishvavyaapi sangathan samudayik radio prasarakon kaa vishva sangathan (aeye. aim. aeye. aar. see.) haye.

