
pinjare kaa cup

 
ack pinjare kaa cup, jise "vaas dietratum", bahuvachan "dietrata", yaa "jaalidaar cup" bhee kahaa jaataa haye, ack prakaar kaa vilasitapurna roman kaanch kaa bartan haye, joe lagbhag chauthi shatabdi seey paaya jaataa haye, aur "kaanch banaane mein roman uplabdhiyon kaa shikhar" haye. "dietrata" mein ack aantarik beaker aur sajawat kaa ack baahari pinjra yaa khol hotaa haye joe cup key shareer seey alag hotaa haye, jisase yeh chhote tanon yaa shank dwara judaa hotaa haye. lagbhag pachas cup yaa, adhik baar, tukade butch gaye hain, aur kewal kuchh hii lagbhag-poorna sthiti mein hain. adhikansh mein golakar jyaamitiya pattern key saath ack pinjra hotaa haye, aksar ack "shilalekh" key saath, yaa jaalidaar kshetra key oopar aksharon mein vakyansh bhee hotaa haye. kuchh mein ack flange, yaa open-cutt moulding koo prakshepit karane kaa kshetra hotaa haye, joe nichale pattern key oopar aur aksharon key neeche hotaa haye (kewal yahaan gallery mein collon cup dwara sachitra).
durlabh bhee aakritiyon vaale drishyon key udaaharan hain, jinamen seey british sangrahalaya mein lycurgus cup jeevit rahane kaa ekmatra poorna udaaharan haye, halanki anya tukade bhee hain. isamen shesh "pinjare" ack bell seey banaa hotaa haye joe lycurgus koo pravesh detaa haye. kissy kaa pair naheen haye. sabhi koo banaana spasht roop seey mushkil thaa, aur isamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii anya shandar prakaar key lakjari roman glass kii tarah, portland phuldan jaisi cameo glass vastuen bahut mahangi theen. unhein banaane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali takneek aur unakaa upayog karane kaa tarika donon abhee bhee visheshagyon key beach kuchh bahas kaa vishay hain.
praudyogiki.
pinjare key cup, "dietrata", kaa ullekh roman saahitya mein kiya gayaa haye, aur udaharanon koo dee gaee tithiyaan (jaruri naheen kii unheen logon dwara) lagbhag teesari shatabdi key madhya seey chauthi shatabdi key madhya taka, usee samay key uttaraardh mein roman cameo glass jahaajon key roop mein hoti hain. aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii way samaan chashme seey baney they, aur iss baat key bhee pramaan hain kii kuchh dair seey chalane vaale paatron mein cameo aur pinjare mein daalane kii takneekon kaa sanyojan hoe sakata haye. mukhya vibhajan aakritiyon vaale kapon key beach hotaa haye, chaahe jaalidaar pattern key saath hoe yaa naheen, aur jinake binaa naheen. kuchh mein andakar sajawat key saath shilalekh aur flange hain; anya mein naheen. adhikansh kaa aakar sankeern hotaa haye, lekin anya kaa aakar chaude katora jaisa hotaa haye.
1680 mein iss vishay parr pahale prakaashan key baad seey yeh jyaadaatar sweekaar kiya gayaa haye kii pinjare key cup thhos motey kaanch key ack khaali bartan koo katkar aur peeskar banaae gaye they, ack shramsadhya takneek jiss parr greek aur romanon koo kathor patthar kii nakkashi aur ardh-keemati pattharon mein utkeern ratnon key liye apane junoon seey bahut anubhav thaa. ack vaikalpik siddhant, jise ack baar aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin haal hii mein punarjeevit kiya gayaa thaa, bataata haye kii yeh kewal jahaajon key kinare aur nishchit pinjare key kaatane key liye sach haye, lekin beaker aur usake pinjare key judane key liye naheen; inhen alag seey banaaya gayaa hoga aur germ honey parr fuse kiya jaayega. udaaharan key liye, yeh daavaa kiya jaataa haye kii munich cup parr chikna judanaa pinjare key mukhya cup mein sanlayan koo darshaata haye, halanki pinjare koo hii tarasha gayaa haye. yeye chikani jodd oopar collon aur plajevla cup bhee dikhaati hain. yeh vivadaspad banaa huaa haye, aur 1960 key dashak mein corinth mein paae gaye ack tukdedaar cup mein jodon kaa koee saboot naheen dikhaaya gayaa haye, jahaan sookshmadarshi key tahat jaanch karane parr pinjare mukhya cup seey milate hain.
nakkashidar ratnon key alawa, jaalidaar chaandi mein ack khule kaam key pattern kaa ack chhota tukada 5 veen shatabdi mein bullion key roop mein kataa huaa roman chaandi key ack badey bhandar mein bachaa haye, aur trapren low mein scotland mein dafnaya gayaa haye, joe abb scotland key shaahi sangrahalaya mein haye. tukade mein vritton parr adharit ack pattern dikhaai detaa haye, joe kaanch "dietrata" key samaan haye, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii usee shally kaa upayog chaandi kii plate mein kiya gayaa hoga, halanki joe pahale aaya vaha agyaat haye. 
kuchh udaaharan pinjare parr vibhinn rangon kaa upayog karke nirmaan prakriya mein kathinaaee jodate hain, jaise milan aur collon cup, lekin adhikansh saade kaanch hotey hain, jaise kii munich aur corning mein. dicroic glass kii vishesh takneek key liye, joe prakaash key gujarane parr rung badalati haye, sabse achche udaaharan, lycurgus cup parr lekh dekhein.
kaary.
pinjare key cup key kaary parr bahas hoti haye. shilalekh dridhata seey sujhaav dete hain kii way cup they jinka upayog kiya jaanaa thaa, aur shayed bhojon mein aupchaarik roop seey peene key liye, lekin yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii bikaron key baahar seey badale hue kinare key aakar aur sabhi gyaat jahaajon key gayab honey kaa matlab haye kii sabhi "dietrata" kaanch key corning sangrahalaya mein udaaharan key samaan they, joe lagbhag nishchit roop seey ack tail kaa deepak thaa jise nilambit karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. corning cup nishchit roop seey nilamban key liye thaa, kyonki isake saath tambe kii mishra dhaatu kii fitting paaee gaee thee; rima key neeche ack goal baind fitting haye, aur teen tukade joe bhaag shrinkhala aur bhaag chhad hain, joe ack angoothi aur ekal chhad kii or leey jaate hain, aur teen sanlagnakon key liye vibhinn prakaar key cup, aadhunik bageechon mein ack latakati tokri kii tarah, aur ack vyavastha jise romanon dwara lamp key liye upayog kiya gayaa thaa. kaee udaharanon parr paae jaane vaale convival samarpan jyaadaatar rome mein paae jaane vaale kaee roman soney key kaanch key cup key aadhar parr samanantar hain.
lycurgus cup mein koee out-turn rima naheen haye, lekin hoe sakata haye kii ise badal diyaa gayaa hoe, yaa aadhunik kii tarah dhaatu key rima seey susajjit kiya gayaa hoe. constable-maxwell cup kii tarah, corning cup anya prasiddh udaharanon kii tulanaa mein bahut chauda haye, joe ack cup kii tulanaa mein ack katori key roop mein adhik aakar kaa hotaa haye, halanki aksharon kii kamee key alawa, anyatha sankeern cup key roop mein bahut samaan hotaa haye. isaliye cup shayed dou samoohon kaa nirmaan karate hainh ack katori key aakar kaa deepak samooh jisamen koee akshar naheen hotaa haye, aur peene key liye ack beaker key aakar kaa samooh, jisamen akshar hotey hain. goal tala key saath peene key liye cup, joe teji seey khapat koo protsaahit karate hain kyonki unhein yaa tou rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye yaa ack satah parr neeche (aur khaali) rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye jaise kii ack mez, vibhinn sanskritiyon seey jaanaa jaataa haye, udaaharan key liye aadhunik yard glass, aur anya prakaar key "shott" glass.
mool.
uchchatam gunavatta key sajawati roman kaanch koo rome yaa alekjendar koo saunpa jaataa haye, baad vaale kaa ullekh pahali shatabdi key vyangyavaadi yuddh aur anya sroton dwara adhik vistrit kaanch key srot key roop mein kiya gayaa haye.
haalaanki "dietrata" kii adhikansh khoj raain key saath yaa usake paas roman sthalon seey hain, joe yeh sujhaav dete hain kii way iss kshetra mein utpaadit kiye gaye they. shayed augusta traverorum mein, aadhunik trier, roman germany kaa sabse badaa shahar aur kaee varshon taka constantine aaee kaa mukhya nivaas, usa avadhi key saath mell khaata haye jaba cup banaae gaye prateet hotey hain. colonia claudia aaraa agripinesium, aadhunik collon, ack aur sambhavana haye.
kaee aur halia khoj, jinamen pratishthit roop seey corning aur constable-maxwell cup donon shamil hain, purvi samrajya seey hue hain, isaliye utpaadan key dou kendra hoe sakate hain.
udaaharan.
yeye jeevit rahane key liye sabse achche sanrakshit udaharanon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain.
itihas lekhan.
1950 key dashak taka samooh kii bahut cumm charcha hui thee. 1950 mein vijeta, lord rothchild ney british sangrahalaya seey apane lycurgus cup kii jaanch karane key liye kahaa, jise baad mein unhone 1958 mein sangrahalaya koo betch diyaa. 1956 mein german vidwan fritz framersdorff ney kaatane aur peesane key dwara unake nirmaan kaa ack vivaran prakaashit kiya, joe paaramparik siddhant banaa huaa haye. 1959 mein lycurgus cup kaa ack vistrit vivaran donald harden aur josleen toinby dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen pahali baar prabhaavi roop seey ack samooh key roop mein "dietrata" parr bhee charcha kii gaee thee. 1987 mein ack pramukh pradarshani, "sheesh kaa sheesha", joe kii sheesh key corning sangrahalaya dwara aayojit kiya gayaa thaa aur british sangrahalaya, collon aur milan mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa, ney kaee pramukh udaharanon koo ekjut kiya, aur isaki soochi, jise harden dwara sampaadit kiya gayaa thaa, ack pramukh kaam banaa huaa haye. vidhi kii parikalpanaon kaa pareekshan karane key liye, aadhunik pratikriti cup kaee baar banaae gaye hain. maanaa jaataa haye kii 1906 mein banaaya gayaa ack praarambhik german udaaharan, shampen key ack utsav peya seey bharaa huaa thaa aur phir jaba cutter peene lagaa tou kinare parr toot gayaa.

