
semar railway

austriya mein semarin railway (), joe glognitz seey shuru hoti haye aur semarin seey murzshlag taka jaati haye, europe mein pahali pahaadi railway thee jise ack maanak gaze track key saath banaaya gayaa thaa. ise aamtaur parr duniya kii pahali vaastavik parvat railway key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe bahut kathin bhoobhaag aur kaafee oonchaai key antar koo dekhate hue haye joe isake nirmaan key dauran mahaarat hassil curr chuka thaa. yeh abhee bhee dakshini railway key ack hisse key roop mein poori tarah seey kaary curr rhaa haye joe austriyai sanghiya railway dwara sanchaalit haye.
itihas.
semaring railway kaa nirmaan 1848 aur 1854 key beach pariyojana key designer aur nideshak carle wonn ghega key tahat lagbhag 20,000 shramikon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, joe ack albanian parivaar mein carlo ghega key roop mein venis mein paida hue they. nirmaan mein 14 surangen (unamen seey 1,431 meater shikhar surang), 16 viduct (kaee dou manjila) aur 100 seey adhik patthar key mehrab pull aur 11 chhote lohe key pull hain. station aur paryavekshakon key liye imaaraten aksar surang banaate samay khodkar nikaale gaye apashisht chattan seey seedhe banaai jaati theen.
41 kii. mee. kii samagr patariyon kii lambai mein semar railway 460 meater kii oonchaai key antar koo paar kartaa haye; isaki lambai key 60 pratishat parr dhaal 2.0-2.5% (40 meater maarg doori parr oonchaai mein 1 meater key antar key barabar) haye aur 16 pratishat kewal 190 meater kii vakrata trijya pradarshit kartaa haye. yeh railway nirmaan kaa ack poori tarah seey nayaa takniki ayam thaa, aur parinami chunautiyon seey nipatane key liye nae upkaranon aur sarvekshan key tarikon koo vikasit karna padaa. saath hii, injan injanon key liye naee takneekon kaa upayog kiya gayaa kyonki iss samay samanya upayog mein aaney vaale prakaar charam pravanata aur trijya koo sambhal naheen sakate they.
nirmaan key dauran bhee, semaring railway koo "landscape bagwani" key prayaas key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa.ee. isane praudyogiki aur prakriti key saamanjasyapurna sanyojan kaa prayaas kiya. advitiya yatra anubhav joe semaring railway ney paryatan key liye semaring kshetra key mool udghaatan mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa. kaee hotal aur haveli iss yug key gawah hain. iss sadee key anta taka yeh vishal vriddhi aur 20veen shatabdi key pahale teesare mein sheetkaleen khel kshetra key roop mein iss kshetra key punarmulyankan mein pahale vishva yuddh aur phir aabaadi kii badalati manoranjak jarooraton ney baadha daali. isaliye, iss advitiya sanskriti paridrishya koo thode badalaav key saath sanrakshit kiya jaa sakata haye. apane nirmaan key 160 saal baad bhee poorna upayog mein aaney vaale semaring railway parr ack yatra, abhee bhee apane vividh paridrishya, isaki haveli kii vishisht shally aur vidoct aur surangon key vishisht anukram seey yatri koo ack vishesh anubhav key roop mein prabhaavit karati haye.
1998 mein semaring railway koo unesco vishva dharohar sthalon kii soochi mein jodaa gayaa thaa.
injan.
semaring pareekshan.
1851 mein yeh taya karane key liye ack pratiyogita aayojit kii gaee thee kii semar railway parr sanchaalan key liye kaun seey injan khareede jaayenge. rekha key ack hisse mein 40 mein 1 (2.5%) kaa dhaal thaa aur nyuntam trijya aur adhikatam trijya key saath vakr they. ack boiler dabaav seey adhik naheen honey key saath, ack gati banaae rakhane aur adhikatam axel loading kii aavashyakta thee.
pravesh karane vaale.
chaar praveshkarta they, "bavaria", joe maifei dwara nirmit thaa; "newstad" jise weiner newstadder locomotivefebric dwara banaaya gayaa thaa; "sering" jise belgium mein society anonyme johnn cockeryl dwara banaaya gayaa thaa; aur "vindobona" jise vienna mein wean-glognitzer baan key locomotive karkhane dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. chaaron injanon ney pareekshan kii sharton koo puuraa kiya, lekin vyavhaar mein vishvasaniya saabit naheen hue.
vikas.
semaring parikshanon ney locomotive design mein kaee vikas kieh 1863 kaa fairley kaa patent, myer locomotive aur mallet locomotive.
engineering design.
injan key design ney mukhya locomotive frame key saath nivida koo spasht kiya, jisase asanjan mein sudhaar key liye eendhan aur paani key kuchh vajan koo driving pahiyon parr leey jaane kii anumati milati haye. kyonki nivida koo seedhe frame seey jodane key bajaay spasht kiya gayaa thaa, locomotive apekshaakrit tej vakron koo paar curr sakata thaa, jabaki abhee bhee atirikt chipakane vaale vajan mein vriddhi kaa laabh uthaa sakata thaa. mool design mein mukhya driving pahiyon seey laker nivida key tahat pahiyon taka ack apratyaksh drive bhee shamil thee. yeh vyavastha banaae rakhane key liye bahut jatil saabit hui aur ise design seey hataa diyaa gayaa.
navambar 1853 aur maee 1854 key beach semaring railway koo solah injanon kii aapoorti kii gaee thee. way 40 mein seey 1 (2.5%) key dhaal parr chadhaai karane mein saksham saabit hue. 2004 mein semar railway kii 150veen varshgaanth key uplakshya mein ack austriyai daak tikat parr ack injan injan koo chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. 2004 mein austriya dwara jaari 25 euro key sikke parr bhee injan injan dikhaai diyaa thaa.
vartamaan dinn.
vartamaan mein, semaring railway iss maarg key liye prasiddh seamens aiss64yuu2 injanon kaa upayog ob key mukhya kaary ghode key roop mein kartaa haye. 1963 seey shuru hocker yeh öbb varg 1142 injanon kaa bhee upayog kartaa haye, joe abb line parr banking injan key roop mein upayog kiye jaate hain, aur 1977 seey öbb varg 1144 koo banking injan aur maal/yatri injan key roop mein bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye. 1971 mein yeh vaha jagah haye jahan ack sjrc locomotive ney pareekshan kiya joe öbb varg 1043 kaa aadhar haye.
sthaaniya trains key liye bombardier talent (öbb varg 4024) aur seamens desiro ml (öbb varg 4744) kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
semaring aadhar surang.
25 aprail, 2012 koo 27.3 kilometres lambi seamering aadhar surang key nirmaan key liye jameen koo toda diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh surang semarimban key 41 kimmy koo bipass karegi. surang key 2030 mein khulane kii ummeed haye, jisaki kull laagat €3.9b haye.
mudra vigyaan mein railway.
kaee sangraahak sikkon aur padak key liye semaring alpine railway mukhya uddeshya rhaa haye. sabse prasiddh aur haal key sikkon mein seey ack 150 saal kaa semaring alpine railway sikka haye. saamane vaale hisse mein dou injan hainh ack aitihaasik aur ack aadhunik. sikke kaa ulta ack vishisht arth-nirdhaaran drishya dikhaata haye. ack injan vaashp injan abhee-abhee ack surang seey nikla joe ack vishisht viduct koo paar curr rhaa thaa.
1967 key austriyai shilling nott mein ack taraf engineer aur doosari taraf ack vishisht dou-stariya pulon mein seey ack sahit ack semaring drishya haye.