yuu. tii. aeye. mein vayu gunavatta

yuu. tii. aeye. mein vayu gunavatta aksar sanyukt raajya mein sabse kharaab hoti haye. yuu. tii. aeye. mein kharaab vayu gunavatta pahaadi sthalaakriti key kaaran haye joe satah key paas pradushakon kaa nirmaan curr sakati haye (vishesh roop seey vyutkram key dauran) gasoline aur deejal-sanchaalit vaahanon, vishesh roop seey puraane models seey utsarjan kii vyaapaktaa key saath. ghar mein germ karane key liye lakadi kaa eendhan jalaane seey bhee kharaab vayu gunavatta mein mahatvapurna yogdan mill sakata haye. lakadi seey germ kiye gaye gharon mein praakritik gais seey germ kiye gaye gharon kii tulanaa mein pradooshan kii matra lagbhag 3000 gunaa adhik hoti haye. namak jheel county mein lagbhag 50 pratishat vayu pradooshan vaahanon seey hotaa haye.
2017 mein american lung association (aeye. ell. aeye.) ney yuu. mein ozon vayu gunavatta key liye namak jheel shahar-provo-orm kshetra koo 14vein sabse kharaab shahar key roop mein sthaan diyaa.aiss. aur sabse kharaab alpakaalik kann pradooshan key liye 8vaan, loss angils key thheek baad. laghu avadhi key kann pradooshan key liye logan koo 11vaan sabse kharaab shahar maanaa gayaa thaa. 2014 seey 2016 taka ozon detta vaale 12 county mein seey 7 koo alaa dwara "aff" grade praapt huaa, aur 9 mein seey 6 county kii nigrani mein kann pradooshan key liye "aff" praapt huaa. ack adhyayan key anusaar yuu. tii. aeye. mein salana 450 seey adhik mautein kharaab vayu gunavatta key kaaran hoti hain.
kharaab vayu gunavatta key liye yuu. tii. aeye. key paas mishrit pratikriyaaen hain. udaaharan key liye, 2015 seey 2016 taka raajya ney swachchh eendhan vaahanon key liye 1500 dollar taka kaa credit diyaa, halanki 2019 mein yuu. tii. aeye. ney swachchh eendhan vaahanon parr ack atirikt panjikaran shulk lagaana shuru curr diyaa joe 2021 taka salana 120 dollar taka badh jaayega.
vyutkram aur vayu gunavatta.
pahaadi ilaakon aur thhandi sardiyon key kaaran, utaah mein aur poore paschim mein intermountain mein aksar vyutkram hotey hain. jabaki vyutkram ack praakritik ghatana haye, jaba gasoline aur deejal vaahanon, lakadi kii aag, udyog aur krishi seey samudayik utsarjan key saath jodaa jaataa haye tou way khatarnak pradushakon (vishesh roop seey pm2.5) key apraakritik sanchay kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. namak jheel shahar mein ack vishisht sardi mein lagbhag 6 bahu-divasiya vyutkram hotey hain joe rashtriya pariveshi vayu gunavatta manakon seey lagbhag 18 dinon key pradooshan kaa kaaran banate hain. havaa saaf honey parr bhee vyutkram key liye pradooshan badhana shuru hoe sakata haye.
vayu gunavatta mein sudhaar key liye, vishesh roop seey vyutkram key dauran, namak jheel county mein pahali baar key apraadhon key liye 150 dollar seey shuru honey vaale jurmaane key saath lakadi kii aag koo jalaane parr pratibandh hain. adhik carpooling aur saarvajanik parivahan, cumm nishkriyata, nae vaahanon (vishesh roop seey swachchh eendhan vaahanon) kaa upayog aur yaatraon key sanyojan dwara gasoline aur deejal vaahanon kaa cumm upayog karke utsarjan koo cumm kiya jaa sakata haye. gais-sanchaalit snow bloer, atishbaji, gais-sanchaalit launmover aur uchch vashpasheel carbonic yaugik utsarjan vaali samagri jaise kii kuchh rung poore varsh havaa koo saaf rakhane mein madad curr sakate hain.
pradooshak, srot aur swaasthya sambandhi chintaaen.
swaasthya key liye sabse adhik chinta key dou pradooshak maap hain-ozon star key pm2.5 (yaa 2.5 microne yaa usase cumm vyaas vaale maheen kanon kii matra). pm2.5 aamtaur parr yuu. tii. aeye. mein sardiyon mein chinta kaa pradooshak hotaa haye, aur garmiyon mein ozon chinta kaa pradooshak hotaa haye. yuu. tii. aeye. mein baahari vayu gunavatta key nakaratmak swaasthya prabhaavon koo cumm karane kii koshish karane key liye, jokhim vaale samoohon (yuva, bujurg aur joe baahar vyayam karate hain) koo ghar key ander rahane kii salah dee jaati haye. kharaab vayu gunavatta karyakramon key dauran yuu. tii. aeye. mein schooly bachchon koo ander rakhaa gayaa haye.
kann, vishesh roop seey chhote jaise kii pm2.5, shwasan roga kii samasyaon kaa kaaran banane yaa kharaab karane key liye fefadon mein gaharaai seey pravesh curr sakate hain, aur fefadon key kaary koo cumm curr sakate hain. kann rakt pravaah mein paar hoe sakate hain aur aniyamit hriday gati, dill key daure aur stroke kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. kann rakt-mastishk baadha koo bhee paar curr sakate hain aur dementia aur alzheimer, mansik bimari aur cumm buddhi jaisi apakshayi mastishk rogon kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. pm2.5 yuu. tii. aeye. key sardiyon key pradooshan kaa sabse badaa ghatak haye. kann yaa tou seedhe (praathamik) nikas gais, lakadi kii aag aur atishbaji jaise sroton seey utsarjit kiye jaa sakate hain, yaa eendhan aur gharelu utpaadon (jaise pent) jaise rasayanon seey utsarjit rasayanon seey vatavaran mein (maadhyamik) bunn sakate hain, aur nox key gaisiya vaahan utsarjan.
samtaap mandal mein jaba jameen seey oopar hotaa haye tou ozon yuvi vikiran koo rokane mein sahayak hotaa haye. ozon shleshm ootakon jaise kii fefadon key astaron key saath-saath vanaspati koo bhee nuksan pahuncha sakata haye. ozon walks yaa carbon monoxide aur nox kii pratikriyaon seey bhee bunn sakata haye. garbhavastha key dauran ozon key uchch star key sampark mein aaney seey mrit janm, shishu mrityu darr aur mastishk vikaaron key badhate jokhim seey judaa huaa haye.
pm2.5 aur ozon key star koo vaigyaanik ikaaiyon (jaise kii microgram meater-3) seey vayu gunavatta soochkaank star mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye. vibhinn prakaar key pradushakon mein adhikatam acue aksar vahee hotaa haye joe bataaya jaataa haye. yoota deck akii staron koo prakaashit kartaa haye. staron koo samoohon mein ekatrit kiya jaataa haye jisamen "achchha", "madhyam" (vishesh roop seey samvedansheel logon key liye swaasthya chinta), "samvedansheel samoohon key liye aswasth" (bachchon, bujurgon aur maujooda hriday sambandhi samasyaon vaale logon sahit), "aswasth", "bahut aswasth" aur "khatarnak" sabhi koo prabhaavit karate hain. vartamaan sthitiyon kii tulanaa mein akii mein ack dinn taka kii deree hoe sakati haye.
ack swasth paryaavaran adhyayan key liye ack yuu. tii. aeye. chikitsak ney kharaab vayu gunavatta key kaaran yuu. tii. aeye. mein salana 1,000-2,000 mauton kaa anuman lagaaya. ack adhyayan key anusaar yuu. mein 200,000 samay seey pahale mautein hoti hain.aiss. pratyek varsh kharaab vayu gunavatta key parinamswarup, vaahanon key sabse mahatvapurna yogdan key saath. adhyayan ney ozon aur kann padaarth key uchch star key kaaran salana 461 samay seey pahale mauton kaa anuman lagaaya, jisamen vaahan utsarjan seey salana 147 mautein hoti hain. tulanaa mein 2017 mein yuu. tii. aeye. mein motor vaahan durghatanaon key kaaran 273 mautein huin.
harr saal lagbhag 200 utaahan kann pradooshan key kaaran gambhir pneumonia key saath aspatal jaate hain. 2014 mein pradooshan key dauran namak jheel shahar mein aapaatkaaleen kaksh mein shwasan sambandhi yaatraon mein 40 pratishat kii vriddhi hui.
jangal kii aag.
raajya key bheetar, prashant uttar-paschim, california, idaho, nevada aur yahaan taka kii arizona seey aaney vaali jangal kii aag vayu gunavatta koo kaafee cumm curr sakati haye.
agast 2020 mein california kii aag seey dhuaan beh gayaa, jisake kaaran yuu. tii. aeye. key kaish county mein 90 milligram meater-3 seey adhik kaa star hoe gayaa, joe 35 milligram meater-3 key sanghiya seema star key roop mein 2.5 seey adhik thaa. shodhkartaon koo chinta thee kii kharaab vayu gunavatta covid-19 seey lakshnon koo kharaab curr degi. dakshini yuu. tii. aeye. mein vayu kii gunavatta washington county mein viyo west aur turkey farm sadak kii aag key saath-saath nevada mein aag seey nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit hui thee. juuna 2020 mein arizona mein jhaadi aur magnum aag seey nikalane vaalaa dhuaan yoota mein uda gayaa.
julaai 2021 mein dakshini oregan mein bootleg aag aur uttari california mein beckworth complexes aag key kaaran pradooshan key uchch prakaran hue they. namak jheel county mein pradooshan kaa star 'aswasthyakar shreni' taka pahunch gayaa aur yahaan taka kii samanya roop seey swasth aabaadi koo bhee nakaratmak swaasthya prabhaavon kaa khatra thaa.
6 agast koo paschimi tata raajyon mein dixi aag aur anya aag seey utpann honey vaale namak jheel shahar key dhuein key kaaran pm2.5 kaa star 100 milligram meater-3 seey adhik hoe gayaa, joe sanghiya maanak seey 3 gunaa adhik haye. iss kshetra mein asthaayi roop seey duniya kii sabse kharaab vayu gunavatta thee.
mahaan namak jheel.
mahaan namak jheel sikud rahee haye, jisase adhik sookhi jheel kaa tala ujagar hoe rhaa haye. shodhkarta jheel seey shahari kshetron mein kanon aur arsenic key udane key baare mein chintit hain.
shodh.
vayu gunavatta kii nigrani.
vibhinn sangathan yuu. tii. aeye. mein vayu gunavatta kii nigrani karate hain. vayu gunavatta kaa yuu. tii. aeye. prabhaag 1999 seey yuu. tii. aeye. vayu nigrani network key saath vayu gunavatta sanketkon kii nigrani curr rhaa haye. vishvavidyalaya key yuu. tii. aeye. key vaigyaanikon ney 2015 mein laal aur hurry rekhaaon parr tracks kaaron parr monitor sthaapit kiye hain. halanki yuu. tii. aeye. key liye advitiya naheen haye, baingani havaa kii nigrani network vaastavik samay mein kann star pradaan kartaa haye. anya networkon key vipareet, baingani havaa samvedak kissy key dwara bhee khareede aur sthaapit kiye jaa sakate hain.
vayu gunavatta parr kendrit maapan abhiyaanon ney antarrashtriya shodhkartaon koo laaya haye. 2017 mein yuu. tii. aeye. sheetkaleen sookshm kann adhyayan (yuu. doubleu. aff. pee. aiss.) mein sardiyon mein uttari yuu. tii. aeye. besin mein kanon kii havaa aur jameen aur unake gathan seey gahan adhyayan shamil they. shodhkarta noa srl, vayu gunavatta key yoota vibhaag, yoota vishvavidyalaya, torrento vishvavidyalaya, washington vishvavidyalaya aur yuu. aiss. dee. aeye. seey they.
mahamari vigyaan.
maanav swaasthya parr vayu gunavatta key kuchh sabse adhik maanyata praapt vaishvik star parr maanyata praapt mahamari vigyaan adhyayan yuu. tii. aeye. mein kiye gaye hain. professor arden pope 30 seey adhik varshon seey swaasthya aur vayu gunavatta parr shodh curr rahey hain. pope kaa shodh ack praakritik prayog mein utaah ghaati mein geneva steel sanyantra seey utsarjan mein parivartan kaa upayog karke shuru huaa. pope ney baal shwasan aspatal mein pravesh key liye ack "aashcharyajanak" antar kaa ullekh kiya jaba sanyantra kaam naheen curr rhaa thaa. 2016 key ack adhyayan ney bayu chhatron mein kharaab vayu gunavatta koo rakt vahika kshati seey jodaa. salt lake tribune" dwara kiye gaye ack vishleshan mein kahaa gayaa haye kii yuu. tii. aeye. mein vayu pradooshan key prakarnon key dauran jall-jall kshetra key saath school kii anupasthiti mein vriddhi hui haye, halanki yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye atirikt shodh kii aavashyakta haye kii kyaa anupasthiti anya sanyogpurna ghatnaaon key kaaran thee yaa naheen. 1980 seey 2000 taka jeevan pratyasha mein lagbhag 3 saal kii vriddhi hui aur isake 5 maheene kaa shreya pope dwara behtar vayu gunavatta koo diyaa gayaa.
kaanoon.
kharaab vayu gunavatta key jawab mein yuu. tii. aeye. mein kaanoon mishrit kiya gayaa haye, kuchh kaanoonon aur adhyadeshon seey madad milane kii ummeed haye, aur anya seey vayu gunavatta kharaab honey kii ummeed haye. gairi herbert dwara governor key 2020 key bajat mein vayu gunavatta mein sudhaar key liye $100 million kii sifarish kii gaee thee. vayu gunavatta pahal parr kewal 29 million dollar kharch kiye gaye they, lekin yeh samanya $2 million seey adhik thaa.
pahale swachchh vayu vaahan khareedane key liye 1500 dollar taka kaa rinn diyaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki, 2018 mein aiss. bee. 136 koo gairi herbert dwara vivadaspad roop seey kaanoon mein hastaaksharit kiya gayaa thaa. kaanoon, joe wein harper aur mike schultz dwara praayojit thaa, varsh 2020 taka swachchh vayu vaahanon parr $120 taka kaa atirikt vaarshik panjikaran shulk lagu kartaa haye. atirikt shulk kaa virodh gair-laabhkaari sanstha jaise vayu gunavatta adhivaktaon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur yuu. tii. aeye. swachchh oorjaa, jisane kahaa haye kii shulk gumrah hain.
swachchh vayu key adhivaktaon ney chinta vyakt kii haye kii atirikt shulk yuu. tii. aeye. mein vidyut vaahan koo apanaane mein dheemi gati laayega aur kharaab vayu gunavatta koo badhaava dega.
yuu. tii. aeye. mein gasoline vaahan pradooshan kaa mukhya srot hain. 2022 mein harper aur raymond ward dwara praayojit aich. bee. 186 koo spensor cox dwara kaanoon mein hastaaksharit kiya gayaa thaa joe 2032 taka electric vaahan shulk koo 240 dollar taka badhaa dega.
1 janwari, 2017 koo yuu. aiss. mein adhikansh tail refineries.aiss. star 3 eendhan key liye paryaavaran sanrakshan agency key niyamon koo puuraa karna shuru karna aavashyak thaa joe nox, walk aur sulfur utsarjan koo cumm karega. apane chhote aakar key kaaran, yuu. tii. aeye. mein paanch refineries koo ee. pee. aeye. aavashyakta seey chhoot dee gaee thee, aur yuu. tii. aeye. raajya ney chhoot kii anumati dee thee. silver eagle refinery ney swechha seey 2018 mein aavashyakta koo puuraa kiya, aur endeavour aur chevron ney swechha seey 1 janwari, 2020 taka maanak koo puuraa karane key liye pratibaddh kiya. hollie aur bigg west (fj prabandhan kii ack sahayak company) ney maanak koo jaldi puuraa karane key liye pratibaddhata naheen kii haye. yuu. tii. aeye. key sansadon ney refineries key liye aavashyaktaon koo jaldi puuraa karane key liye prati varsh $2 million key curr chhoot paarit kiye.
yuu. tii. aeye. california koo eendhan dakshata key liye uchch maanak nirdhaarit karane aur sanghiya sarkaar kii tulanaa mein vayu gunavatta key uchch manakon key liye cumm utsarjan kii anumati dene kaa virodh kartaa rhaa haye. yuu. tii. aeye. key vidhaayak aur suzain harrison ney swaasthya parr yuu. tii. aeye. mein vayu pradooshan key nakaratmak prabhaavon kaa hawala dete hue, trump prashaasan dwara eendhan manakon koo vaapas lene key khilaf baat kii haye. yoota senator mitt romani ney california dwara nirdhaarit uchch manakon kaa samarthan kiye binaa adhik dakshata manakon key liye samarthan kii aavaaj uthaai haye. 2019 mein unhone koyale koo jalaane jaise uchch pradushankari sroton sahit sabhi oorjaa sroton key nirantar upayog key liye samarthan vyakt kiya.
2011 mein salt lake city mein 2 minut seey adhik samay taka bekaar rahane parr 210 dollar taka key jurmaane key saath anty-ideling adhyadesh paarit kiye gaye they. 2018 taka, 71 shaharon ney nishkriya vyavhaar koo protsaahit kiya. kaanoonon key kaaran kuchh uddharan mille hain, lekin samarthak unhein bekaar gasoline aur deejal vaahanon koo samajik roop seey asweekarya banaane key liye manaate hain.
utaah indor clean air act rajyavyapi dhumrapan pratibandh haye, joe kaee saarvajanik sthaanon parr dhumrapan koo pratibandhit kartaa haye.

