
night injan

night injan ack aantarik dahan injan haye, jise americi charles yell night (1868-1940) dwara design kiya gayaa haye, joe adhik samanya poppet valve nirmaan key bajaay sleeve valve kaa upayog kartaa haye.
jabaki antatah inn injanon kaa nirmaan sanyukt raajya america mein sabse badee matra mein kiya gayaa thaa, night key design koo ingland mein vikas dwara ack vyaavsaayik safalata millie thee. francisi ney kissy bhee anya rashtra kii tulanaa mein night injan koo adhik gahan vikas diyaa. antatah night patent cumm seey cumm aathh deshon mein jaari kiye gaye they aur vaastav mein lagbhag tees farmon dwara banaae gaye they.
itihas.
pahale night ney poore injan cylinder koo nikas aur inlet port koo kholane aur bund karane key liye parasparik banaane kii koshish kii. haalaanki unhone iss vyavastha kaa patent karaaya, lekin jald hii unhone ise double sliding sleeve siddhant key paksh mein chhod diyaa. shikago udyami ell.bee. kilborne, ack prayogaatmak injan 1903 mein ilinois key oak park mein banaaya gayaa thaa. 1905 taka anusandhaan aur vikas jaari rhaa, jaba ack prototype ney ileria, ohiyo mein kadey parikshanon koo paarit kiya. ack vyaavhaarik injan (lagbhag 150,000 dollar kii laagat parr) vikasit karane key baad, night aur kilborne ney 1906 key shikago auto show mein ack poori "mook night" touring kaar dikhaai. 4-cylinder injan seey lais, kaar kii keemat 3,500 dollar thee.
night injan.
night key design mein prati cylinder dou cast-iron sleeves hain, kuchh models mein kansya, dusare key ander sliding, aantarik sleeve key ander piston key saath. baajuon koo ack sanaki shaft dwara sakriya chhoti jodane vaali chhad dwara sanchaalit kiya jaataa haye aur unake oopari chhor parr bandargah kaat diye jaate hain. cylinder haid (jise "junk haid" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) ack nishchit, ulte piston kii tarah hotaa haye, jisamen aantarik baju key ander rings kaa apana sett hotaa haye. pratyek cylinder key liye sir alag-alag kiye jaa sakate hain. design ullekhaniya roop seey shaant haye aur sleeve valve parr bahut cumm dhyaan dene kii aavashyakta haye. haalaanki, baju kii satahon parr aavashyak sateek peesane key kaaran iska nirmaan adhik mahanga thaa. ekal-baju-valve injan key baare mein, mahadvipiya ney ghoshana kii kii yeh poppet valve motors kii tulanaa mein sastaa aur nirmaan karane mein aasaan thaa. yeh uchch gati parr adhik tail kaa upayog kartaa haye aur thhand key mausam mein shuru karna kathin hotaa haye.
injan kaa design spark plug key liye ack behtar lau maarg pradaan karane key liye ack adhik kendriya sthaan kii anumati detaa haye, behtar gais pravaah key liye badey bandargah aur golaardh dahan kaksh joe badale mein shakti badhaane kii anumati dete hain. isake alawa, sleeve valve koo usa yug key poppet valve kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm rakharkhaav kii aavashyakta thee, jise kewal kuchh hazaar meal key baad samaayojan, peesane aur yahaan taka kii pratisthaapan kii bhee aavashyakta thee. haalaanki, adiabetic aur isothermal visheshataaen joe badee (samkaaleen poppet valve designs key saapeksh) bandargah kshetron dwara wahan kii jaane vaali shakti key saath hoti hain, ney double-sleeve valve kii avadharana kii achiels aidee koo saabit kiya. atyadhik aantarik tapman seey bachane key liye paryaapt roop seey teevra dhaal mein parinami garmi koo sthanantarit karane mein asamarthata key kaaran vriddhi matra dakshata seey praapt honey vaale laabh kaa ehsas naheen kiya jaa sakaa, halanki, hairi ricardo ney ekal baju-valve, bert-mcolum prakaar key baare mein bataaya, joe kii lambe samay taka haye.
choonki baju aur cylinder kii deewaar key beach tail kii parat koo paryaapt patala rakhaa jaataa haye, isaliye baju germ karane key liye pardarshi hoti haye. inn taapiya sthitiyon key parinamswarup, aur paaramparik abhyaas key vipareet, preran bandargah kshetra nikas bandargah kii tulanaa mein kaafee cumm hoe gayaa thaa. baad key injanon mein patali, ispat aur safed-dhaatu lepit baju honey parr garmi apavyay key star mein sudhaar hotaa haye, lekin thermal hastaantaran samasyaaen design kii visheshta bunny rahati hain, iss prakaar double-sleeve valve injan mein nihit kshamata key vikas koo seemit karati hain.
adhik samanya poppet valve injan key design aur samagri mein sudhaar ney shuru mein sleeve-valve sanskaran dwara aayojit adhikansh laabhon koo samaapt curr diyaa, taaki 1930 key dashak kii shuruat taka mook night kaa nirmaan bund hoe gayaa thaa, kewal kuchh francisi automobile nirmaataon ney yuddh jaari rakhaa thaa.
night aur kilburn ney ummeed kii thee kii humm motor vaahan nirmaataon koo injan mein ruchi denge taaki way isake nirmaan key liye licenses dey sakein, lekin shuru mein koee kharidar naheen they. newyork mein bhains key chhed-teer ney apane swayam key injan key khilaf pareekshan kiya aur paaya kii yeh oopar kii gati seey adhik shaktishali thaa aur teji seey bhee jaayega. haalaanki, unhone ise apani kaaron kii renz key liye anupayukt bataaya kyonki unakaa maanana thaa kii kuchh bhee asurakshit thaa. way tail kii khapat (lagbhag 2 quart prati 70 meal) koo atyadhik maanate they. night koo usee samay kuchh kharaab prachaar bhee milaa jaba 1906 key glide tour mein ack prototype kaar mein pravesh kiya gayaa thaa, kewal yaantrik viphalata key kaaran pahale dinn baahar nikalane key liye.
demler-night.
demler key nideshak engineer edward manville key dou likhit drishtikonon koo lagbhag nazarandaj karane key baad, night ney apana munn badal liya aur apane injan mein angreji nirmaataon koo ruchi dene kaa prayaas karane kaa faisala kiya. 1907 mein night apani ack kaar key saath landan gaye jahan unhone saathi-americi persey martin koo dekhane mein kamyabi hassil kii, joe demler key nideshak bhee they. demler key engineeron ney injan kaa pareekshan kiya aur parinam night kii avadharana koo poori tarah seey vikasit karane key liye ack gupt team sthaapit karane key liye demler key liye paryaapt roop seey protsaahit curr rahey they. pariyojana key puuraa honey parr, halanki, yeh abb "poori tarah seey shurveer" naheen thaa. night ney 6 juuna, 1908 koo apane sanshodhit injan key liye ack british patent praapt kiya. sitambar mein demler ney ghoshana kii kii isake 1909 key kuchh models mein "silent night" injan sthaapit kiye jaayenge.
apane pratiyogiyon kii aalochana kaa mukabala karane key liye, demler ney rack (royal automobile club) koo demler-night parr apane swayam key swatantra pareekshan karane key liye kahaa. rack engineeron ney dou night injan liye aur unhein 132 ghante binaa ruke poore bhaar key tahat chalaaya. usee injan koo phir ack touring kaar mein sthaapit kiya gayaa aur brookland races track parr chalaaya gayaa, jisake baad unhein hataa diyaa gayaa aur phir seey 5 ghante key liye bench parr chalaaya gayaa. rack engineeron ney bataaya kii jaba injanon koo nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa, tou koee bodhgamya ghisaav naheen thaa, cylinder aur piston saaf they, aur valve mein bhee ghisane key koee sanket naheen they. races itani prabhaavit hui kii usey 1909 kii demler deva trophy seey sammaanit kiya gayaa.
rack reports key kaaran demler key share kii keemat mein vriddhi hui, £0.85 seey £1 18.75, aur company key pratiyogiyon koo darr haye kii poppet-valve injan jald hii aprachalit hoe jaayega. bentley motors key sansthaapak walter owen bentley kii raay thee kii demler-night injan ney tulaniya roll-royce power plant key saath-saath pradarshan kiya.
night injan (demler key engineeron dwara kaafee sudhaar) ney europeeya automobile nirmaataon kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya. demler ney "ingland aur upaniveshon key liye" night seey adhikaar khareede aur europeeya adhikaaron kaa swaamitva saajha kiya, jisamen isane belgium key minerva key saath 60 pratishat liya. europeeya adhikaar unase khareede gaye they aur panhard aitt levsar aur mercedez dwara upayog kiye gaye they.
mook night" injan kii sambhaavanaon seey aakarshit hocker, demler key adhyaksh ney shikago mein night seey sampark kiya thaa aur night 1907 mein coventory key paas ingland mein buss gaye they. demler ney dow. iss uddeshya key liye unake salaahkaar key roop mein fredrick launchester aur night key design kaa ack pramukh punah design aur parishkaran bahut gopaniyata mein huaa. night key design koo ack vyaavhaarik prastaav banaaya gayaa thaa. sitambar 1908 mein jaba nae injan kaa anaavaran kiya gayaa, tou yeh sansani fail gaee. "yeh kahane key liye paryaapt haye kii mashroom key valve, springs aur cams, aur kaee chhote hisse, shaaririk roop seey beh jaate hain, kii hamaare paas lagbhag poori tarah seey golakar visfot kaksh haye, aur dahan kaksh key usa hisse key roop mein ack cast-iron sleeve yaa tube haye jisamen piston yatra kartaa haye."demler ney poppet-valve injanon koo poori tarah seey chhod diyaa aur 1930 key dashak key madhya taka apane mook sleeve-valve injanon koo rakhaa.
cylinder key snehan aur sleeve sampark chehare key kaaran kaee vaahanon koo dosh-pravan bataaya gayaa thaa. aksar, usa samay upalabdh snehak key saath uchit snehan kii guaranti naheen dee jaa sakati thee, vishesh roop seey aparyaapt rakharkhaav key saath. 1600 aar. pee. aim. seey adhik injan kii gati key saath yeh samasya badh gaee, jiss bindu parr sleeve-valve injan behtar utpaadan pradaan karna bund curr detaa haye. lagbhag 1750 aar. pee. aim. kii adhikatam praapya injan gati key saath, injan key liye deerghakaalik vikas kshamata seemit thee.
uttari america.
kanada saikil aind motor company key thomas russell. ell. tii. dee. unhone ruchi key saath night kaa anusaran kiya thaa aur jaba unhone rack parikshanon key baare mein padhaa tou way 1909 mein night seey licenses praapt karane key liye ingland gaye they. russell ney demler key saath ack samjhauta bhee kiya, jisake dwara company dou saal key liye demler-night injan kii aapoorti karegi. russell ney kanada mein russell-night lakjari kaaron key kaee model kaa nirmaan kiya.
agast 1911 mein, injan koo americi automobile nirmaata columbia, stern aur stoddard-dayton dwara licenses diyaa gayaa thaa. indianapolis kii atlus engineering company dwara injan banaane key liye ack licenses bhee kharida gayaa thaa, joe 1914 mein lions-night key roop mein dikhaai diyaa thaa.
kolambiya, stoddard-dayton aur atlus kuchh hii samay baad diwalia hoe gaye aur unake licenses anya companiyon koo hastaantarit curr diye gaye. edward-night ney ack praapt kiya jise unhone villie koo diyaa, jabaki molin ney doosara praapt kiya jise unhone 1920 key dashak mein barkarar rakhaa.
1913 mein theodor pilate dwara sanchaalit ack mercedez-night koo indianapolis 500 mein pravesh kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan sabse chhote injan key bavjood, yeh ausat seey paanchven sthaan parr thaa.
villies ney night injan mein sudhaar kiya jise patent kiya gayaa thaa aur 1916 mein unhone apane villies-night 88-4 kii ghoshana kii. unhone niryaat model banaane key liye torrento mein ack kanadai vinirmaan sanyantra khola.
1925 taka america mein night injan key saath chessis kaa utpaadan karane vaale paanch sanchaalan they taaki prati dinn 250 kaaron parr villie-night utpaadan chala rhaa thaa. usee varsh villie ghoshana karate hain kii duniya bhar mein 180,000 seey adhik villie-night injan upayog mein they. villie ney usa varsh bhee stern koo apane haath mein leey liya, iss uddeshya key liye ack alag syndicate banaaya (companiyon kaa vilay naheen kiya gayaa thaa).
1920 key dashak key anta mein villie-night kaaron kii bikri mein girawat aaee. hairi ricardo aur charles aff key kaam key liye dhanyavaad. catering, saral poppet valve injan bahut kushal hoe gaye they, unaki pahali upasthiti 1924 key chrysler mein thee, aur night injan kii uchch nirmaan laagat isake khilaf bataane luggy. jabaki villie ney 1930 key dashak mein night model banaae, vikas kaary bund hoe gayaa thaa. night patent kii avadhi 1932 mein samaapt hoe gaee. halanki usa varsh juuna mein 1933 key villie-night streamline six kii ghoshana kii gaee thee, lekin yeh sandeh haye kii kyaa utpaadan 1933 taka jaari rhaa. yeye sanyukt raajya america mein nirmit antim sleeve-walve automobile they.
europe.
night injan, jabaki yeh america mein utpann huaa thaa, ingland mein phalane-phoolane key liye vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, joe europe mein pahale shuru huaa thaa, jahaan yeh lambe samay taka chalaa thaa. mercedez ney 1924 taka apane 4-leater night 16/50 kaa nirmaan kiya, jabaki 1925-26 kaa simson supra night shayed antim german night-injan kaar thee. france mein, pueso aur morse key alawa, dou brand kii lakjari automobile ney 1923 aur 1940 key beach maanak upkaran key roop mein night injan kaa upayog kiyaah "avian voicin" aur "panhard aitt levsar". voicin ney 1935 mein night siddhant kaa upayog karke ack air-cooled radial injan kaa bhee nirmaan kiya joe night takneek kaa unakaa antim upayog thaa. 1940 kii garmiyon taka nirmit panhard aitt levsar dynamic, shrinkhala mein banaai jaane vaali antim night-injan yatri kaar thee.

