
virodh mutt

ack virodh mutt (jise khaali, shoonya, kharaab yaa "uparokt mein seey koee naheen" vote bhee kahaa jaataa haye) ummidvaaron kii pasand yaa vartamaan raajneetik pranali key saath asantosh pradarshit karane key liye ack chunaav mein daala gayaa vote haye. virodh matdan vibhinn roop letaa haye aur raajneetik udasinta sahit kaee matadaata preranaon koo darshaata haye. jahaan matdan anivarya haye, vahaan una logon key liye khaali vote dalna upalabdh haye joe ummidwar chunana naheen chaahte hain, yaa virodh karna naheen chaahte hain. anya sthaanon parr anupasthit rahane key vipareet, khaali maton kii ginati kii jaati haye.
matdan seey door rahane yaa matdan naa karane key saath-saath, virodh matdan upalabdh vikalpon key saath nakhushi kaa sanket haye. yadi virodh mutt ack khaali mutt kaa roop letaa haye, tou ise antim parinamon mein ginaa yaa naheen bhee jaa sakata haye. virodh maton koo kharaab maanaa jaa sakata haye yaa, chunavi pranali key aadhar parr, "uparokt mein seey koee bhee mutt naheen" key roop mein ginaa jaa sakata haye.
virodh mutt key prakaar.
virodh mutt kaee alag-alag roop leey sakate hainh
virodh matdan una matdaataon key beach hotaa haye joe alag-thalag mahsoos karate hain lekin jinake paas ack vaikalpik matdan vikalp haye, jaise kii sanyukt raajya mein ack teesare paksh key ummidwar, yaa joe ack sambhaavit vijeta key bahumat kii sthiti koo cumm karke raajneetik prakriya key saath apani aprasannata darj curr sakate hain. algaav aksar matdan seey door rahane kii or leey jaataa haye, lekin virodh mutt key roop mein bhagidari bhee paida curr sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, 1992 key sanyukt raajya america key rashtrapati chunaav mein, rose perot koo vote dene vaalon mein seey 14 pratishat ney kahaa kii aggar way chunaav naheen ladate tou way bilkul bhee vote naheen dete.
virodh mutt rikt, shoonya yaa kharaab matpatron kaa roop leey sakate hain. khaali matpatra aise matpatra hotey hain jinn parr koee nishan naheen hotey hain. null ballet way ballet hain joe vaidh vote mein parinam naheen dete hain kyonki ballet apoorna yaa galat tareeke seey bharaa gayaa thaa. kharaab matpatra way matpatra hain jinhen vikrit kiya gayaa haye, paar kiya gayaa haye, yaa anyatha iss tarah seey chihnit kiya gayaa haye joe matpatra koo ayogya banaata haye; kharaab matpatra sabse spasht roop seey virodh mutt kii upasthiti kaa sanket dete hain. raait-inn vote virodh matdan kaa bhee sanket dey sakate hain; sanyukt raajya america mein miki mouse aitihaasik roop seey ack lokpriya vikalp rhaa haye.
matpatron mein girawat taba hoti haye jaba ack matadaata matdan sthal parr dikhaai detaa haye, aur matdan karane seey incar curr detaa haye. ontario sahit kaee kanadai praanton mein yeh ack vikalp haye. haalaanki, sanghiya chunaavon mein yeh vikalp maujood naheen haye. matpatra koo aswikar karane key liye, koee bhee matdan karyakarta koo matpatra vaapas curr sakata haye, yeh kahate hue kii way matdan karane seey incar curr rahey hain. 
uparokt (nott) matdan mein seey koee bhee shayed hii kabhi yuu mein ack vikalp naheen haye.aiss. rajneeti, halanki yeh 1976 seey nevada matpatron parr ack vikalp rhaa haye. nott matdan koo matdaataon koo asantosh kaa sanket dene kii anumati dene key liye ack raajya-vidhisammat tareeke key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa haye, halanki "koee naheen" vikalp kaa chayan hamesha virodh kaa sanket naheen detaa haye.
anya prakaar key virodh matdan kaa sambandh matpatra kii tulanaa mein vaidh vote key liye chune gaye ummidwar yaa party key chayan seey adhik haye. kissy seemant ummidwar yaa cumm pasandida party key liye matdan karna ack pramukh ummidwar, party yaa neeti key saath asantosh kaa sanket dene kaa ack tarika hoe sakata haye, yaa sambhaavit vijeta kii jeet key antar koo cumm karane kaa ack tarika hoe sakata haye.
raajneetik dalon yaa netaaon dwara aayojit virodh matdan bhee hotaa haye, lekin yeh durlabh hotaa haye aur charam paristhitiyon seey judaa hotaa haye.
virodh mutt kii upasthiti kaa nirdhaaran karna.
jaanboojhkar virodh maton key roop mein daale gaye matpatron aur ack vyakti dwara ack vaidh vote daalane kii koshish karane parr whiffle rahane parr khaali, amaanya yaa kharaab kiye gaye matpatron key beach antar karna chunautipurna haye. khaali vote aksar virodh matdan seey judey hotey hain, lekin jaankaari kii kamee key sanketak bhee hoe sakate hain. uchch star kii niraksharta yaa seemit bhasha kshamata vaale kshetron mein vote khaali, shoonya aur adhik baar kharaab hoe jaate hain. kharaab hue matpatra, vishesh roop seey way joe jaanboojhkar vikrit kiye gaye hain yaa anyatha barbad kiye gaye hain, virodh maton aur raajneetik parishkaar key adhik vishvasaniya sanketak hain.
mahatvapurna virodh matdan karyakram.
ack sanyukt raajya adalat key mamle mein nirdhaarit kiya gayaa kii matdan abhivyakti yaa abhivyakti kii swatantrata kaa mudda naheen haye, balki adhikaariyon koo chunane key baare mein haye; "birdick banaam. takushi, 1992, "sarvocch nyayalaya ney alaan bee key baad raait-inn vote parr pratibandh koo barkarar rakhaa. birdick ney tark diyaa kii havaai koo donald duck key liye apane virodh mutt koo ginana chaahiye.
finland aur sweeden mein sansadiya chunaavon mein, matdaataon ney virodh mutt key roop mein donald duck kaa bhee upayog kiya haye. ukraine mein, internet party ney keev aur odessa mein mahapour chunaavon key liye darth wadder koo naamit kiya, aur rashtrapati pada key liye darth wadder koo naamit karane kii koshish kii, halanki iss aavedan koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
lattin america mein virodh matdan aam haye, jahan 1980 key baad seey rashtrapati chunaavon mein 5.5% seey adhik matpatra khaali yaa kharaab hoe gaye hain. peru mein 2000 key rashtrapati chunaavon key dauran, ummidwar alegendro tolello ney chunaav kii akhandata key baare mein chintaon koo laker peechhe hutt gaye aur apane samarthakon koo virodh key roop mein apane matpatron koo kharaab karane key liye protsaahit kiya-sangathit virodh matdan kaa ack udaaharan. usa chunaav mein lagbhag 31 pratishat matpatra kharaab yaa khaali they.
2002 key francisi rashtrapati chunaav key baad, jisamen door-daraaz netaa jeane-mairi leey paine roodhivaadi ummidwar jacks chiraak key baad dusare sthaan parr pahunche, virodh vote koo ack yogdan kaarak naamit kiya gayaa thaa. 2017 key francisi rashtrapati chunaav mein, joe emmanuel macron dwara jeetaa gayaa thaa, 1960 key dashak key anta seey france mein virodh matdan aur bahishkaar kaa uchchatam star dekhaa gayaa, jisamen 4 million khaali yaa kharaab matpatra aur atirikt 1 karod 20 laakh anupasthit they.
columbia mein, khaali vote key paas chunaav kii punaravritti aur usa chunaav mein ummidvaaron key parivartan koo majboor karane kaa ack kanuni maarg haye. columbia key raajneetik samvidhaan key anuchhed 258 key anuchhed 1 key anusaar, yadi sabse adhik matdan vaalaa vikalp bunn jaataa haye, tou chunaav koo ack baar dohraya jaanaa chaahiye aur chunaav kii prakriti key aadhar parr, dalon koo nae ummidwar yaa ummidvaaron kii naee soochiyan prastut karni chaahiye. yeh virodh mutt koo vaastavik chunavi parinamon key saath asahamati vyakt karane kaa ack tarika detaa haye. abb taka, columbia mein rashtrapati yaa congress chunaavon mein khaali vote bahusankhyak naheen rhaa haye, lekin yeh pahale seey hii mahapour key karyalaya key liye kuchh chunaavon koo doharaane key liye majboor haye.
sanyukt raajya key kuchh hisson mein, vishesh roop seey dakshin mein, virodh karane vaale ummidvaaron koo aksar loktaantrik party key rashtrapati pada key praathamik chunaavon mein badee sankhya mein vote milate hain kyonki roodhivaadi loktantriyon kii badee upasthiti hoti haye, jabaki panjikrit loktantravaadi, aksar sanghiya star parr gantantra koo vote dete hain. iss ghatana koo 2012 key loktaantrik praathamik satron mein mahatvapurna dhyaan diyaa gayaa, jahan vakeel johnn wolf junier they. arconsus primary mein nivartamaan rashtrapati baraak obama key khilaf 42 pratishat matdan kiya gayaa, aur candy keath jude koo west virginia mein 41 pratishat praapt huaa. oclahoma mein, gair-obama ummidvaaron ney kull 43 pratishat ekatra kiye, jisamen garbhpaat virodhi karyakarta randle terry koo sabse adhik vote mille. yeh ghatana baad key chunaavon mein dikhaai dee lekin chhote paimaane parr (kyonki kaee poorv loktantravadiyon ney party chhod dee). 2016 mein west virginia democratic primary, pasandida betaa paul tii. farrell junier. 9 pratishat vote praapt kiya aur ack county mein antim naamit hileri clinton seey aage rakhaa gayaa. usa raajya mein 2020 key praathamik mein, saathi pasandida bete david chawal koo samaan 8 pratishat praapt huaa.
virodh mutt aur bahishkaar.
bahishkaar ack prakaar kaa virodh mutt hoe sakata haye jaba yeh kewal raajneetik udasinta yaa rajneeti key prati udasinta kaa parinam naheen haye. jahaan matdan anivarya haye, vahaan matdan seey door rehna raajneetik nirasha kaa kaary hoe sakata haye. arajaktawadi andolan sarkaar key adhik pratyaksh roop key paksh mein pratinidhi loktantra koo khariz kartaa haye aur aitihaasik roop seey virodh key roop mein bahishkaar kaa ahwan kiya haye. sakriya virodh matdan, chaahe kharaab yaa khaali matpatron key madhyam seey, bahishkaar kii tulanaa mein adhik prabhaavi dhang seey asantosh koo sampreshit kartaa haye.
sabse lokpriya ummidwar yaa party key liye maton key anupaat mein vriddhi hoti haye, jabaki lokpriya ummidwar yaa party key khilaf virodh mutt kaa upayog karane seey jeet kaa antar cumm hoe sakata haye. antar koo cumm karane key parinamswarup trishanku sansad yaa sarkaar mein dalon key beach ack chhota antar hoe sakata haye, iss prakaar ack ekal dall kaa pranali parr niyantran honey kii sambhavana seemit hoe jaati haye.

