novaya zemlya

novaya zemlya (,,;,) uttari roose mein ack dweepsamuh haye. yeh europe key charam uttar-poorv mein archtic mahasagar mein sthit haye, uttari dweep parr cape flisinsky key saath, jise europe kaa sabse purvi bindu maanaa jaataa haye. novaya zemlya key paschim mein barrents samudra aur poorv mein kaaraa samudra haye.
novaya zemlya mein dou mukhya dweep hain, uttari severney dweep aur dakshini yuzani dweep, joe matochkin jaldamroomadhya dwara alag kiye gaye hain. prashaasnik roop seey, ise roose key arkhangelsk oblast mein 21 mein seey ack, novaya zemlya jile key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa haye. nagarpalika mein, ise novaya zemlya shahari okrag key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa haye.
2010 kii janganana key anusaar novaya zemlya kii aabaadi lagbhag 2,429 thee, jinamen seey 1,972 belucia guba mein rahate they, joe ack shahari basti haye joe novaya zemlya jile kaa prashaasnik kendra haye. 
swadeshi aabaadi (1872 seey 1950 key dashak taka jaba ise mukhya bhoomi mein punarsthaapit kiya gayaa thaa) mein lagbhag 50-300 nennet shamil they joe mukhya roop seey machhali pakadane, fansaane, raindear charaane, dhruviya bhalu key shikaar aur seal shikaar parr rahate they. praakritik sansadhanon mein tamba, seesa aur jastaa shamil hain.
sheet yuddh key dauran novaya zemlya ack samvedansheel sainya kshetra thaa, aur isake kuchh hisson kaa upayog aaj bhee havaai kshetron key liye kiya jaataa haye. soviyat vayu senaa ney dakshini dweep key dakshini bhaag mein, sabse paschimi praaydweep () parr rogachevo mein apani upasthiti banaae rakhee. iska upayog mukhya roop seey avarodhak vimaan sanchaalan key liye kiya jaataa thaa, lekin paas key paramanu pareekshan kshetra key liye rasad sahaayata bhee pradaan kii jaati thee. novaya zemlya ussr dwara prabandhit dou pramukh paramanu pareekshan sthalon mein seey ack thaa; iska upayog soviyat paramanu bamon kii sabse badee havaa kii boondon aur bhoomigat pareekshan key liye kiya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey 30 octuber, 1961 koo zaar bumm kaa havaai visfot, joe abb taka kaa sabse badaa, sabse shaktishali paramanu hathiyar visfot thaa.
itihas.
russie loga 11veen shatabdi seey novaya zemlya key baare mein jaanate they, jaba novgorod key shikari iss kshetra mein aae they. paschimi europeeya logon key liye, 16veen shatabdi mein uttari samudri maarg kii khoj ney isaki khoj kii. paschimi europeeya kii pahali yatra 1553 mein hyug vilobi dwara kii gaee thee. dutch khojkarta willem berentz 1594 mein novaya zemlya key paschimi tata parr pahunche, aur 1596 key baad key abhiyaan mein, unhone uttari cape koo gher liya aur poorvottar tata parr sardiyon mein pravesh kiya. (berentz kii abhiyaan key dauran mrityu hoe gaee, aur hoe sakata haye kii unhein severney dweep parr dafnaya gayaa hoe.) baad mein fyodor litte dwara 1821-1824 mein kii gaee yatra key dauran, paschimi tata kaa maanchitran kiya gayaa thaa. heinry hudson ack anya khojkarta they joe poorvottar maarg kii khoj karate hue novaya zemlya seey gujare they.
1830 key dashak kii shuruat mein payotra pakhtusov aur avgust tsivolco dwara dweepon kaa vyavasthit roop seey sarvekshan kiya gayaa thaa. pahali sthaayi basti 1870 mein malli karmakuli mein sthaapit kii gaee thee, joe 1924 taka novaya zemlya kii rajdhani key roop mein kaary karati thee. baad mein, prashaasnik kendra koo belucia guba mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, 1935 mein legerno mein, lekin phir belucia guba mein laut aaya.
norwey key logon koo baahar rakhane key liye roose dwara 1870 key dashak mein chhoti sankhya mein neneton koo novaya zemlya mein punarsthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. iss aabaadi kii sankhya taba 298 thee, jise 1957 mein paramanu pareekshan shuru honey seey pahale mukhya bhoomi mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
hitler key juuna 1941 key soviyat sangh parr aakraman key baad key maheenon mein, sanyukt raajya america aur grate britten ney uttari soviyat bandargaahon koo rinn-patta aapoorti dene key liye nausena anurakshan key tahat vyaapaari jahaajon key kafile kaa ayojan kiya. 12 kyu taka key sahayogi kafile surakshit pahunche lekin german vimaan, jahaaj aur yuu-naukaaon koo uttari norwey aur finland mein kafile kaa virodh karane key liye bheja gayaa.
kafila pee. kyu. 17.
kafile key pee. kyu. 17 mein chhattis vyaparik jahaaj shamil they jinamen 297 vimaan, 596 tank, 4,286 anya vaahan aur anya maal kii tulanaa mein adhik, chhah vidhvansak escorts, pandrah atirikt sashastr jahaaj (jinamen seey dou mukt-francisi corvet they) aur teen chhote bachaav jahaaj they. 27 juuna, 1942 koo kafila iceland seey ravaana huaa, ack jahaaj gir rhaa thaa aur kafile seey baahar nickle rhaa thaa. kafila bhalu dweep key uttar mein jaane mein saksham thaa, lekin 30 juuna koo burf key jharanon kaa saamana karna padaa; ack jahaaj koo aage badhaane key liye bahut buri tarah seey kshatigrast curr diyaa gayaa aur radio kii khamoshi toda dee gaee. agali subah, german yuu-naukaaon aur german tohi vimaanon dwara kafile kaa pataa lagaaya gayaa aur 2 julaai koo tarpedo bamvarshak hamale shuru hue.
2/3 julaai kii raat koo, german yuddhapot "tirpitz" aur bhaari cruiser "admiral hipper", chaar vidhvansak aur dou chhote jahaajon key saath trondheim seey chhantaai kii. pockett yuddhapot "admiral skier" aur "lutzo" aur chhah vidhvansak narvik seey ravaana hue, lekin "lutzo" aur teen vidhvansak jameen parr gir gaye. british nausena ney 4 julaai koo grih bede key saath milane key liye paschim kii or anurakshak jahaajon koo modkar jawab diyaa aur vyaapaari jahaajon koo titar-bitar karane kaa adesh diyaa. matochkin jaldamroomadhya mein suraksha kii maang karate hue, kaee jahaaj novaya zemlya kii or badh rahey they. aiss.aeye. british troller "uttari ratna" parr savaar ack chaalak dall key sadasya kerslake ney apani diarry mein likhaa haih
jaba "uttari ratna" novaya zemlya key paas gayaa aur matochkin jaldamroomadhya key pravesh dwaar key paas pahuncha, tou isaki gati jaldi cumm hoe gaee. kerslake ney likhaah
ack anya navik ney jaldamroomadhya koo "bahut banjar aur binn bulaaye, lekin lagbhag 'swaagat' key saath likhaa huaa bataaya."
7 julaai koo shaam 4 baje.aim., kaptan jey. aich. british vimaan-rodhi jahaaj "palomeres" key commander johnsey ney anya jahaajon key commanders kii baithak bulaai joe jaldamroomadhya taka pahunch chuke they. sabse pahale, unhone jaldamroomadhya key purvi chhor seey kaaraa samudra mein tootane parr charcha kii. iss kshetra seey parichit ack adhikaari ney iss sambhavana koo uthaaya kii paschim chhor parr naugamya jaldamroomadhya, dusare chhor parr, burf seey ghiraa hoe sakata haye. ack samudri vimaan bheja gayaa thaa jisamen paaya gayaa kii purvi pravesh dwaar avaruddh thaa. anya adhikaariyon ney sujhaav diyaa kii jahaajon koo jaldamroomadhya mein taba taka rehna chaahiye jaba taka kii "rung aur shore cumm naheen hoe gayaa thaa", unhone kahaa kii "donon taraf kii oonchi chattaanen gotaa-bambari seey kuchh suraksha pradaan karengi.
jahaajon koo safed rung seey chitrit kiya gayaa thaa aur paschim pravesh dwaar kii or munh karke isake shastragar key saath tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. german pandubbiyon koo dekhane key liye pravesh dwaar parr gasht karane key liye francisi corvet "kamal" aur "laa malouin" koo bheja gayaa thaa.
shaam 7 baje.aim.jahaaj barrents samudra mein phir seey pravesh curr gaye aur dakshin kii or badh gaye. breakout kaa anuman lagaate hue, rear admiral hubert schmondt ney jaldamroomadhya key paschim chhor key paas kaee yuu-naukaaon koo tainaat kiya thaa. jaldamroomadhya seey baahar nikalane vaale satrah sahayogi jahaajon mein seey chhah doob gaye they. buri tarah seey kshatigrast americi malvahak "alcoa ranger" koo novaya zemlya key paschimi tata parr tata parr rakhaa gayaa thaa; chaalak dall koo aashray milaa aur antatah ack russie jahaaj dwara bachaaya gayaa joe unhein belucia khaadi mein leey gayaa. germans ney soviyat tankers "donbass" aur "azerbaijan" koo bhee kshatigrast curr diyaa joe pradhaan doot key abhayaranya taka pahunche. kyu 17 mein chauntis vyaparik jahaajon mein seey chaubis doob gaye they. akele americi dall ney kafile key liye pratibaddh vyaparik jahaajon key teen-chauthai seey adhik koo khou diyaa-uttari roose key sabhi kafile mein americi shipping koo hue nuksan kaa ack chauthai seey adhik.
pee. kyu. 17 ney 896 vaahan vitarit kiye aur 3,350 khou gaye, 164 tank pahunche aur 430 naheen pahunche, 87 vimaan ussr taka pahunche aur 210 khou gaye; maal kii delivery kii gaee aur paanch vimaanon key germans koo keemat parr duba diyaa gayaa. 1942 mein norrilsk mein ack gulag kaidi carlo shtajner ney likhaa, "novaya zemlya parr german cruiser key hamale aur khaadya parivahan key doobane key vinashkari parinam they... aabaadi koo praavdhaanon key binaa chhod diyaa gayaa thaa... norilsk key godamon mein aapoorti aine. key. vee. dee., gaard aur shahar mein rahane vaale kuchh swatantra nagrikon key beach vitarit kii gaee thee. stazner aur usake saathi kaidiyon koo kuchh naheen milaa. julaai aur agast 1942 key beach, german yuu-naukaaon ney "maaliye karmakuli" dhruviya station koo nasht curr diyaa aur "mayas jhelaniya" mein station koo kshatigrast curr diyaa. german yuddhpoton ney dou soviyat samudri vimaanon koo bhee nasht curr diyaa aur belucia khaadi mein jahaajon parr hamla kiya.
operation wonderland.
agast 1942 mein, german nausena ney kaaraa samudra mein pravesh karane aur adhik seey adhik soviyat jahaajon koo dubane key liye operation wonderland shuru kiya. "admiral skier" aur anya yuddhpoton ney cape ichcha koo goal kiya, kaaraa samudra mein pravesh kiya aur dixon dweep parr ack tata station parr hamla kiya, jisase soviyat jahaajon "dejhnev" aur "krantikari" koo buri tarah seey nuksan pahuncha. usa varsh baad mein, carlo shtajner ney ack nae kaidi, ack kaptan menshikov seey parichay karaaya, jisane usey bataaya kih
chaahe mensikov kii battery parr hamla dixon dweep parr huaa hoe yaa novaya zemlya parr, stazner key khaate ney dushman key haathon haar kaa saamana karane key "aparaadh" key liye apane deshvaasiyon dwara kaid kiye gaye ack soviyat adhikaari key bhaagya koo rotion kiya. ashcharya kii baat naheen haye kii soviyat press mein mensikov kii giraftari kii ghoshana kabhi naheen kii gaee thee.
1943 key sanchaalan.
agast 1943 mein, ack german yuu-boat ney soviyat shodh jahaaj "academic shokalski" koo "mayas spory navolok" key paas dubo diyaa, lekin soviyat nausena ney, abb aakramak roop seey, german pandubbi yuu-639 koo "mayas jhelaniya" key paas nasht curr diyaa.
1943 mein, novaya zemlya ney cyberia key maarg mein sambaddh shipping kii german nigrani pradaan karane key liye, naazi germany key "criegsmarine" key liye ack gupt samudri vimaan aadhar key roop mein kaam kiya. seaplane bases kii sthaapana yuu-255 aur yuu-711 dwara kii gaee thee, joe "13vein yuu-boat flotilla" key hisse key roop mein soviyat roose key uttari tata parr kaam curr rahey they. agast aur sitambar 1943 mein samudri vimaan udaaya gayaa thaa.
paramanu pareekshan.
julaai 1954 mein, novaya zemlya koo paramanu hathiyaron key pareekshan sthal key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jiska nirmaan octuber mein shuru huaa aur sheet yuddh key dauran astitva mein thaa. "zone aeye", "chyornaya guba (), kaa upayog 1955-1962 aur 1972-1975 mein kiya gayaa thaa." "zone bee", "matochkin shaar (), kaa upayog 1964-1990 mein bhoomigat parikshanon key liye kiya gayaa thaa." "zone see", "sukhoy nose (), kaa upayog 1958-1961 mein kiya gayaa thaa aur 1961 mein zaar bumm key pareekshan kaa sthaan thaa, joe abb taka kaa sabse shaktishali paramanu hathiyar thaa.
anya pareekshan poore dweepon mein kaheen aur hue, jisamen aadhikarik pareekshan seema aadhe seey adhik bhoobhaag koo cover karati haye. sitambar 1961 mein, novaya zemlya parr kshetron koo lakshit karane key liye vorkuta sovetsky aur salekhard seey dou pranodit thermonuclear warhead launch kiye gaye they. baad mein prakshepan rockett koo cuba mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa.
1963 mein seemit pareekshan pratibandh sandhi kaa karyanvayan dekhaa gayaa jisane adhikansh vayumandaliya paramanu parikshanon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. novaya zemlya mein sabse badaa bhoomigat pareekshan 12 sitambar, 1973 koo huaa, jisamen kull 4.2 megaton kii paidawar key chaar paramanu upkaran shamil they. halanki zaar bumm aur anya vayumandaliya parikshanon kii tulanaa mein visfot shakti mein bahut cumm, bhoomigat visfoton key bund honey seey praakritik bhookampon key pratidvandi dabaav paida hue. 12 sitambar, 1973 key pareekshan key mamle mein, richter paimaane parr 6.97 key bhookampiya parimaan taka pahunch gayaa, jisase 8 karod tunn himskhalan huaa jisane dou himnad dhaaraon koo avaruddh curr diyaa aur lambai mein ack jheel banaai.
ack paramanu pareekshan sthal key roop mein apane itihas mein, novaya zemlya ney kull 265 megaton tii. aine. tii. key barabar visfotak oorjaa key saath 224 paramanu visfoton kii mejbani kii. tulanaa key liye, dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein upayog kiye gaye sabhi visfotakon, jisamen dou americi paramanu bamon key visfot shamil they, kii matra kewal dou megaton thee.
1988-1989 mein, "glassnost" ney novaya zemlya pareekshan gatividhiyon koo saarvajanik gyaan banaane mein madad kii, aur 1990 mein greenpeace kaaryakartaon ney site parr virodh pradarshan kiya. antim paramanu pareekshan visfot 1990 mein huaa thaa (poore soviyat sangh aur roose key liye bhee antim). paramanu oorjaa mantralaya ney 1998 seey pratyek sharad ritu mein matochkin shaar key paas paani key neeche upa-mahatvapurna paramanu prayogon kii ack shrinkhala kaa pradarshan kiya haye. inn parikshanon mein kathit taur parr hathiyar-shreni key plutonium taka shamil hain.
octuber 2012 mein, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii roose "zone bee" mein upa-mahatvapurna paramanu pareekshan phir seey shuru karega. vasant 2013 mein, ack naee surang aur chaar imaraton kaa nirmaan "severney" basti key paas, paschim-uttar paschim mein mount lazarev key paas shuru kiya gayaa thaa.
bhugol aur bhoovigyaan.
novaya zemlya, praakritik pahaadon key uttari bhaag kaa ack vistaar haye, aur iska aantarik bhaag poore pahaadi kshetra mein haye. yeh mukhya bhoomi seey kaaraa jaldamroomadhya dwara alag kiya gayaa haye. novaya zemlya mein dou pramukh dweep hain, joe sankeern matochkin jaldamroomadhya seey alag hain, saath hii kaee chhote dweep bhee hain. dou mukhya dweep hainh
novaya zemlya kaa tata bahut hii swatantra haye, aur yeh russie sangh mein sabse badee sankhya mein fjords vaalaa kshetra haye. novaya zemlya barrents samudra koo kaaraa samudra seey alag kartaa haye. kull kshetrafal lagbhag haye. sabse oonchaa parvat uttari dweep parr sthit haye aur 1,547 meater (5,075 feat) oonchaa haye.
pichhale himnad kaal key dauran badee burf kii chadaron key neeche rahane vaale anya kshetron kii tulanaa mein, novaya zemlya apekshaakrit cumm isostatic paltaav dikhaata haye. sambhavatah yeh pichhale kuchh hazaar varshon key dauran glaciers key vikas seey utpann ack prati-prabhaav key liye rinee haye.
bhoovigyaan.
novaya zemlya key bhoovigyaan mein ack badee anticlinal sanrachana kaa prabhutva haye joe ural pahaadon kaa vistaar karati haye. bhoovigyaan mukhya roop seey jeevaashm talchhati chattanon seey banaa haye, jisamen carbonate aur silicalestic chattaanen donon shamil hain joe cambrian seey laker permian taka faili hui hain, jisamen gahare samudri turbidite aur flyesh seey laker uthale samudri aur sthaliya rait key patthar aur chattanon key choone key patthar shamil hain. dair seey neoproterozoic (~ 600 maay) grenite aur sambandhit metacedementary chattanon key chhote kshetra bhee ujagar hain.
paryaavaran.
novaya zemlya kii paaristhitiki isaki gambhir jalavaayu seey prabhaavit haye, lekin phir bhee yeh kshetra jaiv vividhata kaa samarthan kartaa haye. sabse ullekhaniya prajaatiyon mein seey ack dhruviya bhalu haye, jisaki aabaadi barrents samudri kshetra mein anya dhruviya bhalu upa-aabaadi seey aanuvanshik roop seey alag haye.
jalavaayu.
novaya zemlya mein tundra jalavaayu (copen "aitt") kii samudri-prabhaavit vividhata haye. khaadi kii dhaara aur isaki apatatiya sthiti key kuchh prabhaav key kaaran, cyberia mein bahut cumm akshaanshon parr antardeshiya kshetron kii tulanaa mein sardiyaan bahut cumm gambhir hoti hain, lekin isake bajaay saal mein aathh maheene taka rahati hain. isake paschim mein halka paani samudri burf kii shuruat mein deree kartaa haye aur kandhe key mausam mein vishal mausami antaral kaa kaaran banata haye. akshaanshiya antar key kaaran, poore dweepsamuh mein tapman aur dinn key ujaale mein kaafee bhinnata hoti haye, jisamen maali karmakuli station dakshini bhaag mein sthit haye. novaya zemlya mein samanya roop seey baadal hain, lekin ack samudri sthaan honey key kaaran barfbari aur varsha apekshaakrit cumm hoti haye. phir bhee, uttari aantarik bhaag mein himnad haavi hain aur mausam kii lambai key kaaran pratyek sardiyon mein burf jamaa hoti haye.
dhruviya bhalu pahale kii tulanaa mein adhik baar maanav-nivaas kshetron mein pravesh karate hain, jiska kaaran jalavaayu parivartan haye. vaishvik tapman mein kamee seey samudri burf cumm hoe jaati haye, jisase bhalu bhojan khojane key liye antardeshiya roop seey aaney key liye majboor hoe jaate hain. farwari 2019 mein, novaya zemlya key poorvottar bhaag mein ack badey paimaane parr pravaas huaa. darjanon dhruviya bhalu gharon, saarvajanik imaraton aur basey hue kshetron mein pravesh karate dekhe gaye, isaliye arkhangelsk kshetra key adhikaariyon ney shaniwar, 16 farwari, 2019 koo apatkal kii sthiti ghoshit curr dee.

