
decartalisation

decartalisation ack rashtriya arthavyavastha kaa badey vyavsaayon key samoohon dwara ekadhikar niyantran seey mukt bajar arthavyavastha mein sankraman haye, jise cartel key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh parivartan shayed hii kabhi swabhavik roop seey utpann hotaa haye, aur aam taur parr yeh nirnay lene key liye kii usey kaun see sanrachanaaen pasand hain, shakti key ekadhikar key saath ack shaasi nikaay dwara viniyaman kaa parinam haye.
1945 mein teesare reech key patan key baad germany kaa aarthik punargathan vighatan kaa ack aadhunik udaaharan haye.
decartalisation" shabd koo sahee mayane mein samajhane key liye "cartel" shabd key saath parichit honey kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ack gutt farmon key beach ack aupchaarik (spasht) samjhauta haye. cartel aamtaur parr ack alpajantra udyog (alpajantra) mein hotey hain, jahaan vikretaon kii ack chhoti sankhya hoti haye, aur aamtaur parr sajaatiya utpaadon koo shamil karate hain (sajaatiyataa aur vishamta dekhein). cartel key sadasya moolya nirdhaaran, kull udyog utpaadan, bajar sheyaron kaa aavantan, grahakon kaa aavantan, kshetron kaa aavantan, bolly mein dhandhali, samanya bikri agencies (bikri agents) kii sthaapana, aur sampatti yaa laabh kaa vibhajan yaa inke sanyojan jaise mamalon parr sahmat hoe sakate hain. iss tarah kii milibhugat kaa uddeshya pratispardha koo cumm karke vyaktigat sadasya key laabh koo badhaana haye. pratispardha kaanoon guton koo manaa karate hain. adhikansh deshon mein guton kii pehchaan karna aur unhein todana pratispardha neeti kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye, halanki guton key astitva koo saabit karna shayed hii kabhi aasaan hotaa haye, kyonki firm aamtaur parr itane laparwah naheen hotey hain kii way kagajon parr samjhauta karane key liye samjhaute curr lein.
aitihaasik prishthabhoomi.
kathit aur kanuni guton key udaaharan -
bahas.
decartalisation key saath samanya bahas ack rashtriya arthavyavastha haye joe ekadhikar aur guton dwara niyantrit haye, banaam ack mukt bajar arthavyavastha. mukt bajar arthavyavastha key saath, laabh bahut spasht hain. yeh vyaktigat pahalon koo protsaahit kartaa haye; yeh pratispardha key madhyam seey vastuon kii keemat nirdhaarit kartaa haye, aur logon koo vittiya swatantrata kii disha mein kaam karane key liye prerit kartaa haye. adhikansh vyakti ack mukt bajar arthavyavastha koo pasand karenge, jahaan pratyek bajar mein kaee kharidar aur vikreta hain, aur keematen akele pratispardha key aadhar parr nirdhaarit kii jaati hain. samasya yeh haye kii yeh vyaktiyon parr nirbhar naheen haye. cartel key adhikansh mamalon mein, yeye gupt vyavasthaaen "radar key tahat" kii jaati hain, aur yeye pramukh companiyan jaanati hain kii apane track koo kaise cover karna haye. yeh saabit karna bahut mushkil haye kii companiyon ney ack gutt kaa gathan kiya haye; isaliye ise khatm karna bahut mushkil haye.
germany mein teesare reech key mamle mein, logon key paas koee vikalp naheen thaa. yuddh key dauran, ack school thaa, jise "samajik vivek mukt bajar" kahaa jaataa thaa. iss school key sadasyon koo adhinayakvad seey nafrat thee aur unhone naazi shasson key dauran kuchh jokhim mein apane vichaaron koo pesh kiya thaa. heinry vaalik ney likhaa, "naazi reech kaal key dauran school ack prakaar key bauddhik pratirodh andolan kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa, jisamen mahaan vyaktigat saahas key saath-saath munn kii swatantrata kii aavashyakta hoti thee."school key sadasya mukt baajaron mein vishvaas karate they, saath hii aaykar pranali mein kuchh hudd taka pragati aur ekadhikar koo seemit karane key liye sarkari kaarravaai mein vishvaas karate they.