woodlon, shikago

shikago, ilinois key dakshin kii or woodlown, shikago key 77 samudayik kshetron mein seey ack haye. yeh poorv mein mishigan jheel, uttar mein 60 veen sadak, paschim mein martin luther king drive aur dakshin mein 67 veen sadak seey ghiraa huaa haye. hyde park carrier akadami aur aul-boys catholic mount carmel hyee school donon iss pados mein hain; isake purvi hisse mein jackson park kaa kabja haye. udyaan key woodlon khand mein niyojit obama rashtrapati kendra kaa sthal shamil haye, joe anumaanit $500 million kaa nivesh haye. woodlon key uttari kinare parr shikago vishvavidyalaya key parisar kaa ack hissa haye.
jansankhyiki.
1990 kii janganana mein, woodlon mein lagbhag 27,000 vyakti they, joe 10,000 gharon mein rahate they. 98 pratishat seey adhik aabaadi african americi thee, aadhe seey adhik loga saarvajanik sahaayata key kissy naa kissy roop mein they, aur ausat gharelu aaya 13,000 dollar seey adhik thee.
2008 taka, shahar-detta key anusaar.comm, ausat gharelu aaya 25,000 dollar seey adhik haye, purvi woodla key kuchh hisson mein safed aabaadi lagbhag 30 pratishat haye aur badh rahee haye.
itihas.
nasleeya parivartan.
1948 taka, woodlon ack madhyam varg, shwet pados thaa, joe 1893 key vishva key kolambiyai pradarshani seey shramikon aur vanijya kii baadh seey badhaa thaa. shatabdi key poorvaardh key dauran, shikago key kaee vishvavidyalaya key professor woodlon mein rahate they. 1948 mein sarvocch nyayalaya dwara nasleeya roop seey pratibandhaatmak vaachaon koo gairkaanooni ghoshit karane key saath, african americi shahari aabaadi key vistaar, unake seemit awas vikalpon aur apartment koo rasoigharon mein vibhajit karane vaale shoshak achal sampatti key yuddhabhyas key sanyojan key saath, woodlon key apane pahale african americi nivasi honey lagey. kayton aur drake ney "kaale mahanagar" mein gheto key kinare parr hui chintaon aur jhadapon kaa varnan kiya. aeye racine inn dha sunn" naatak lekhak lauren hansberry aur unake parivaar key anubhavon parr adharit haye, joe pahale aaney vaalon mein seey they.
yahudi basti kii seema seey lagey anya samudaayon kii tarah, woodlon ney safed udaan key teevra mukabalon kaa anubhav kiya jaba pahale african americi pados (vishesh roop seey washington park upkhand) mein chaley gaye. kaee sansthaan aur loga upnagaron mein chaley gaye, ack aisee prakriya jise nae sanghiya awas rinon dwara sugam banaaya gayaa thaa. badey apartment seey safed udaan aur aaney vaali african americi aabaadi kii uchch awas maang kaa yeh sanyojan aksar realters key liye aakarshak saabit huaa, joe niyamit roop seey khaali apartment koo upa-vibhajit karate they. isase imaaraten parivaaron seey bharee hui theen. anupasthit jamindar shayed hii kabhi imaraton key rakharkhaav key liye bahut kuchh karate they.
anya logon ney iss kshetra koo ekikrit karane kaa prayaas kiya lekin unhein seemit safalata millie. udaaharan key liye, pahala presbyterian church (6400 dakshin kimbark avenue) 1954 mein ekikrit huaa aur 1960 key dashak taka, iska charitra spasht roop seey mishrit thaa. haalaanki, puraane sadasyon ney aksar ekikaran key saath aae jansankhyikiya aur "saanskritik" parivartanon seey baahar mahsoos kiya, aur 1960 key dashak key madhya taka, church key vitt aur sadasyata darein musibat mein theen. behtar yaa badatar key liye, samudaay mein ack board parivartan huaa thaa.
1960 key dashak mein.
1960 key dashak kii shuruat taka, woodlon 80,000 seey adhik logon kii aabaadi key saath mukhya roop seey african-americi pados thaa. 63 veen sadak dakshin kii sabse vyast sadakon mein seey ack thee aur apane jaiz clubon key liye prasiddh thee. apani halchal key bavjood, woodlon aarthik roop seey bigadata huaa samudaay thaa, aur apane nagrikon koo punarjeevit karane key prayaas alpakaalik aur khandit they. martin luther king, junier kii hatyaa key baad paschim kii or hue dangon seey samudaay butch gayaa. mukhya roop seey kaale pee key karyon key kaaran. 1968 mein patthar kaa rashtra. phir bhee, adhikansh vyavasaay malik bhaag gaye. 1968 aur 1971 key beach 362 parityakt imaraton koo ack dhabbon ney nasht curr diyaa.
shikago vishvavidyalaya.
uttar mein hyde park mein, samaan jansankhyikiya aur nasleeya parivartan 1950 key dashak mein shuru hue lekin mool roop seey alag parinamon key saath. shikago vishvavidyalaya, pados key charitra mein nihit ruchi key saath ack badee bhoomi key malik, ney kaee raaston key madhyam seey ladaai ladee jise usane blight key atikraman key roop mein dekhaa.
jaisa kii arnold hirsh ney apane adhyaay "pahaadi parr pados" mein tark diyaa haye kii "doosara yahudi basti banaana", vishvavidyalaya ney, aiss. ee. see. see. key madhyam seey aur kabhi-kabhi, kroor bull key saath, hyde park koo desh mein pahali "shahari navikaran" pariyojanaon mein seey ack kaa sthal banaaya. shwet parivaaron kii sankhya koo banaae rakhane key prayaas mein, vishvavidyalaya ney "jhuggi" kshetron koo dhwast curr diyaa, aksar pratishthit kshetra shaktiyon koo niyojit kiya. iss prakriya mein, kaee african americi hyde park seey visthaapit hoe gaye, aur 55 veen sadak jaise saanskritik kendron koo samtal curr diyaa gayaa.
hyde park mein unaki safalata key baad, vishvavidyalaya ney woodlon mein doosari shahari navikaran pariyojana shuru karane key liye teji seey kadam badhaaya. woodlon mein 60 seey 61vein taka ack meal chauda kshetra navinikaran key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa aur vishvavidyalaya key niyojit dakshin parisar. yojanaaen taiyar kii gaeen, ack press conference hui aur antatah parisar kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa.
ack samay mein, shikago vishvavidyalaya key low school ney woodlon key bachchon key liye dharmarth sahaayata key liye pratyek varsh 10,000 dollar seey adhik jutaaye. haalaanki, 1999 mein, isane usa samarthan koo samaapt curr diyaa aur mukhya roop seey shikago kshetra key baahar saarvajanik hita kii naukariyon key liye chhaatr chhatravritti mein dhana sthanantarit curr diyaa.
samudayik sangathan.
dou (woodlon sangathan).
woodlon sangathan ney iss dhaarana key ird-gird ekjut kiya kii vishvavidyalaya woodlon mein bhoomi upayog neeti kaa paalan karega jaisa kii usane hyde park mein kiya thaa, aur isaki jadein woodlon key pasters key gathbandhan mein hain. kaee saal pahale, gathbandhan ney audyogik kshetra foundation key sansthaapak, saul alinsky koo samudaay koo sangathit karane kii yojanaon parr charcha karane key liye bulaaya thaa. lekin usa samay gathbandhan key kaee pramukh sadasya elinsky kii kathorta aur vivadaspad pratyaksh ranneeti seey aprasann they. shuruati varshon mein, jaba dou abhee bhee aaee. aeye. aff. chhatra key neeche they, nicolaus wonn hoffman, elinsky key dusare kamaan mein, adhikansh karyon kii yojana banaai. vishvavidyalaya kii yojanaon key gyaat honey key baad, kaee pramukh churchon ney sangathan key liye beej dhana diyaa, joe 1961 mein shuru huaa.
dou, anya aaee. aeye. aff. sangathanon kii tarah, church, vyavasaay aur nagrik sanghon jaisi maujooda samudayik sansthaon kaa gathbandhan thaa. inn sadasya samoohon ney bakaaya kaa bhugtan kiya, aur sangathan koo ack nirvaachit board dwara chalaaya gayaa thaa. donon ney maujooda netritva koo jutaate hue aur nae netritva koo laane key liye khud koo woodlon kii "aavaaj" key roop mein sthaapit karane key liye teji seey kadam badhaaya. dou mein nae sashakt netritva kaa ack pramukh udaaharan aadaraniya arther aim thaa. brazier, joe pahale pravakta aur antim rashtrapati they. brazier ney ack daak vaahak key roop mein shuruat kii, ack store key saamane key church mein ack upadeshak bunn gayaa, aur phir, dou key madhyam seey, ashwet shakti andolan key liye ack rashtriya pravakta bunn gayaa. brazier shikago mein ack bahut hii shaktishali paadari bunn gayaa.
jaisa kii machhali "kaali shakti/safed niyantran" mein tark detee haye, dou chune hue mudde joe nivasi bhagidari koo jutaate hain, aur saath hii sangathan key liye vishvavidyalaya aur shahar (i.ee. meyer delly). samooh ney swatantrata kii sawari aur nagrik adhikaar andolan key aspas kii gatividhi mein bhaag liya, jisamen woodlon seey logon kii 40 seey adhik bason koo load kiya gayaa aur vote dene key liye panjikaran karane key liye city holl mein sawari kii gaee. unhone jhuggi-jhopadi key jamindaaron aur dhokhadhadi karane vaale vyavsaayiyon key khilaf bhee raili kii. donon ney vishvavidyalaya parr bhee kaarravaai kii aur shahar yojana board mein ack seat hassil karane mein saksham hue (jisane vishvavidyalaya kii yojanaon koo roque diyaa).
pados mein donon koo lagaatar bigadati sthitiyon kaa saamana karna padaa, aur isaki prabhavkarita key baare mein kaee tark hain. vishesh roop seey vivadaspad dorchester key liye ack niyojit aur lagbhag poorna green line vistaar key liye brazier kaa virodh thaa, jisane shikago pargaman pradhikaran koo lagbhag poorna station aur cottage grove terminal key poorv mein patariyon koo faadane aur 1996 mein sanghiya dhana mein laakhon dollar jabt karane key liye majboor kiya.
woodlon east community aur padosiyon ink..
jaise-jaise dou ney woodlon kii aavaaj key roop mein apani sthiti koo majboot karane key liye kadam badhaaya, anya samudayik sangathan awas aur samudayik sashaktikaran key vishisht muddon seey nipatane key liye ubhare, jaise kii 1960,1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein woodlon mein saikadon imaraton koo nasht karane vaali aag. shayed inn sangathanon mein seey sabse pramukh vudalaan east community aur padosiyon ink haye. (vican) kii sthaapana mait see dwara kii gaee thee. butler, ack 40 varsheeya woodlon nivasi aur holl off fame aar aind bee gaayak/vartamaan cook county commissioner jairi butler kii bahan hain.
butler ney octuber 1980 mein apane ghar key buggle kii ack imarat mein aagajani mein 13 bachchon kii maut koo dekhane key baad veekan kii sthaapana kii. humm jaldi seey ack pados aur shahar bhar mein jokhim mein aur parityakt imaraton koo bachaane key liye ack vakeel bunn gaye, isaki sthaapana key baad seey woodlon mein awas kii anumaanit 5000 ikaaiyon koo sanrakshit kiya. isake kaee karyakram-parityakt sampatti karyakram, shikago key liye puraane ghar, step-upp awas-shahar bhar mein model bunn gaye hain. veekan samudayik developers key shaharvyaapi shikago punarvasan network key sansthaapak sadasya they. sangathan aur isake sansthaapak, mait see. butler koo 1989 petra foundation puraskar aur 2008 key samudayik sashaktikaran adhivakta puraskar sahit sthaaniya aur rashtriya puraskaron seey sammaanit kiya gayaa haye.
jaise-jaise woodlon mein vikas kaa dhyaan nae nirmaan aur condo roopaantaran kii or sthanantarit huaa haye, humm cumm-madhyam aaya vaale nivaasiyon aur vishesh roop seey varishthon key liye kifayati awas key liye ack mukhar adhivakta key roop mein dekhe jaate hain. usa rukh ney sangathan koo woodlon mein anya samoohon key saath sangharsh mein laa diyaa haye, vishesh roop seey dou, jinhone nae vikas key liye aage badhaaya haye jise humm vartamaan nivaasiyon kii keemat key roop mein dekh sakate hain. humm 63 veen street see. tii. aeye. elevated line key tootane key liye vipaksh kaa netritva curr sakate hain, ack ladaai joe yeh haar gaee. woodlon shahar mein sabse adhik poorv-parisampatti daron mein seey ack haye aur vishesh roop seey apartment imaraton aur condominium rupaantaranon key poorv-parisampatti seey prabhaavit haye.
humm nae samudaay karyakram karyakari sanchaalan samiti parr baithate hain, kifayati awas kii 132 ikaaiyon kaa sanchaalan karate hain, aur school karyakramon aur isake awas sansaadhan kendra key baad sahayak sevaaon kaa sanchaalan karate hain.
pariyojana bhaichara.
project brotherhood ack swaasthya clinic haye joe woodlon kshetra mein african americi purushon kii jarooraton koo puuraa karane aur unake swaasthya mein sudhaar key liye samudayik pahunch aur nivaarak shiksha kaa upayog karane parr kendrit haye. clinic karmchaariyon, swayamsevakon aur prashikshuon key sanyojan dwara sanchaalit kiya jaataa haye aur samudaay key sadasyon key liye vibhinn prakaar kii muft sevaaon kii mejbani kartaa haye. see. aine. aine. vrittachitra "black inn america 2" mein, project brotherhood koo african americi swaasthya key sandarbh mein america key agraduton mein seey ack key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa.
giroh.
1950 key dashak key anta aur 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein, jeff fort aur eugene hairston ney 66vein aur blackstone rangers key paas kendrit pados key bachchon kaa ack chhota giroh chalaaya. 1960 key dashak key madhya taka, kille aur baal ney 21 anya sthaaniya sadak girohon koo ack saath kheench liya thaa, iss prakaar shikago key dakshin kii or pramukh giroh bunn gayaa, joe ack raajneetik karyakarta key roop koo banaae rakhate hue kaee aaparaadhik gatividhiyon mein shamil hoe gayaa. udaaharan key liye, 1966 mein, satta koo majboot karane aur pratidvandiyon koo daraane key liye ack hinsak abhiyaan key beach, rangers ney dow. key roop mein suraksha pradaan kii. martin luther king aur nasleeya samaantaa parr congress ney cicero aur market park jaise shatrutapurna safed pados key madhyam seey march kiya.
ashwet rashtravadi andolan aur ahinsak nagrik adhikaar andolan donon key prabhaav mein, unhone apana naam badalkar "kaalaa shaanti rashtra" curr liya. dangon key dauran dow. raajaa kii hatyaa, "pattharon" koo jangal key pados koo sanrakshit karane aur unaki raksha karane kaa shreya diyaa gayaa thaa (halanki jabaran vasuli aur dhamki key madhyam seey), jisamen garfield park aur paschim kii or jaise pados key vipareet nyuntam gadbadi dekhi gaee.
samay key saath, ahinsa andolan key saath sambandh feeke parh gaye kyonki giroh kaa naam badalkar "black pee" curr diyaa gayaa thaa. stone nation "hairston" key karawas ney jeff kille koo giroh kaa ekmatra netritva lene key liye prerit kiya, joe taba taka shahar key kaee padoson mein fail gayaa thaa aur 50,000 sadasyon key roop mein garvit thaa. iss dauran, patthar adhik raajneetik hoe gaye aur samudayik shakti sanrachana mein adhik shamil hoe gaye. ise americi aarthik karyalaya seey woodlon mein naukari-prashikshan karyakram chalaane key liye dhana bhee praapt huaa, jisaki chori key kaaran kille koo ack aur jail kii sajaa sunai gaee.
jail mein rahate hue, kilaa islam key rashtra seey prabhaavit thaa aur unaki rihaai parr giroh kaa naam badalkar america key moorish vigyaan mandir key ell rukan janjaati curr diyaa gayaa, jise aamtaur parr ell rukan key roop mein chhota curr diyaa gayaa. giroh, jiska grih kshetra blackstone avenue aur stoney eyeland avenue kii "-stone sadakon" key beach haye, abhee bhee woodlon samudaay mein ack bahut majboot bull haye.
vartamaan kaa lakadi kaa latta.
59veen aur 60veen sadakon key beach key kshetra koo midway playsance key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen midway playsance uttar (59veen sadak key dakshin mein) aur midway playsance dakshin, 60veen sadak key uttar mein shamil haye. abb cumm ghaatiyon key harey sthaan kaa prabhutva haye, plasence koo vyaapak roop seey 1893 key shikago vishva melle key sthal key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen harey sthaan koo melle key sthaan key roop mein naamit kiya jaanaa thaa (lekin kabhi upayog naheen kiya gayaa thaa). playsance abb vishvavidyalaya key parisaron key beach ack achchi tarah seey banaae rakhaa gayaa paidal aur saikil sawari haye. 60veen aur 61veen sadakon key beach (poorv mein patthar key dweep key maarg aur paschim mein kuteer upavan key maarg key saath) vishvavidyalaya key dakshin parisar kii kaee imaaraten hain jinamen shamil hainh shikago press vishvavidyalaya, kaanoon chaturbhuj aur kaanoon pustakalaya, samaaj seva prashaasan kaa school, saarvajanik neeti adhyayan kaa harris school, rashtriya raay anusandhaan kendra, anusandhaan pustakalayon kaa kendra, chappin holl, aur grainville-grossman aavaasiya commons. vishvavidyalaya key kuchh sankaay aur isake kaee sou snaatak aur snaatak chhaatr 60 veen sadak key dakshin mein vishvavidyalaya key swaamitva vaali achal sampatti aur chhatravason key saath-saath niji swaamitva vaale aavason mein rahate hain.
kshaysheel tateey hotal koo badalane key liye, shikago vishvavidyalaya ney 61 veen shatabdi key koney mein ack nae nivaas kaksh kaa nirmaan kiya. aur ellis, hyde park aur woodlon donon key nivaasiyon key input key saath design kiya gayaa haye taaki padosi samudaay key sambhaavit algaav koo cumm kiya jaa sakey.
jackson park.
jackson park woodlon, hyde park key pados mein mishigan jheel parr 500 ekad (2 kimmy) kaa ack park haye, joe dakshin tata kii seema seey lagaa huaa haye.
1870 key dashak mein jackson park key liye bhoomi alag rakhee gaee thee. yeh kshetra mool roop seey ack "khurdara, daldal aur tealey kaa ulajha huaa hissa" thaa jaba taka kii ise newyork shahar key kendriya udyaan key vastukar fredrick low olmstead dwara parivartit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. park woodlown key uttar chhor parr washington park seey beach mein placence seey judaa huaa haye.
jackson park 1893 mein vishva key kolambiyai pradarshani kaa sthal thaa. iss ayojan key liye, saikadon ekad avikasit udyaan koo shandar, lekin asthaayi, sunder-kalaa vaale "safed shahar" mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa."melle key dauran nirmit yaa upayog kii jaane vaali sanrachanaon kii ack chhoti sankhya abhee bhee udyaan mein bunny hui haye.
jackson park key ander key akarshanon mein osaka udyaan, jackson park golf course, jackson park harber, wooded aisal, gilded daniel chester french statue republic (kolambiyai pradarshani key liye banaai gaee ack bahut badee pratima kii pratikriti), kaee lagoon aur 63 veen sadak shamil hain.
shiksha.
yeh shikago public schools key bheetar haye. ammet too maith aind science akadami woodlon mein haye. ammet till, iska naam, school kaa ack poorv chhaatr thaa jaba ise james mccosh praathamik vidyalaya kahaa jaataa thaa; usa avadhi mein isake sabhi chhaatr african-americi they. iska vartamaan naam 2006 mein diyaa gayaa thaa.

