
mars key shatranj khilaadi

dha chaseman off mars americi lekhak edger rais baroj kaa ack vigyaan kaalpanik upanyaas haye, joe unaki barsom shrinkhala kaa paanchvaan upanyaas haye. baroj ney ise janwari, 1921 mein likhana shuru kiya, aur samaapt kahani pahali baar 18 aur 25 farwari aur 4,11,18 aur 25 march, 1922 key muddon mein chhah-bhaag vaale dharavahik key roop mein "argosi aul-story veekali" mein prakaashit hui thee. ise baad mein ack lekhak dwara ack poorna upanyaas key roop mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. see. navambar 1922 mein mclrg.
kathaanak kaa saransh.
iss upanyaas mein baroj shrinkhala kii pahali teen pustakon key naayak johnn carter aur deeja thoris dwara sthaapit parivaar key ack yuva sadasya parr kendrit haye. iss baar nayika unaki betty taaraa haye, helium kii rajkumari, jiska haath gathol key veer gahaan, jaid (rajkumar) dwara maanga jaataa haye. helium aur gathol donon pramukh barsumiyai shahar raajya hain.
taaraa gathol key rajkumar gahan seey milati haye, aur shuru mein aprabhaavit hoti haye, usey ack poppinge key roop mein dekhti haye. baad mein vaha apane flyer koo ack toofaan mein leey jaati haye aur shilp parr niyantran khou detee haye, aur toofaan usey barsum key ack aparichit kshetra mein leey jaataa haye. utarane aur ugra benth (mangal sinh) key ack samooh seey bhaagne key baad, vaha bhayaanak culden dwara pakadi jaati haye, joe chhote, kekade jaise pairon vaale badey siron seey milati-julati hoti haye. culden ney sirheen maanav jaise jeevon kii ack sahajeevi jaati koo janm diyaa haye jise ricker kahaa jaataa haye, jisase way khud koo jodd sakate hain aur ghode kii tarah sawari curr sakate hain. culden taar koo kaid curr lete hain, usey motaa karane key iraade seey, phir usey khaa jaate hain. kaid key dauran, taaraa apani pyaari gaayan aavaaj key saath culden, ghek mein seey ack koo jeetane mein kamyab hoe jaati haye.
gahan, jise taaraa seey pyaar hoe gayaa haye, usey khojane key liye nikalata haye, kewal usee toofaan mein khud koo paataa haye, aur vaha apane ack chaalak dall koo bachaane kaa prayaas karate hue jahaaj parr gir jaataa haye. vaha culden key kshetra, bantoom parr ladkhadaataa haye, aur taaraa koo bachaane kaa prabandhan kartaa haye, aur ghek key saath way taaraa key apang flyer mein bhaag jaate hain. taaraa gahan koo usa rajkumar key roop mein naheen pehchaanati haye jisase vaha pahale millie thee, kyonki vaha apane anubhavon seey ghiraa huaa haye aur abb apane fancy kapade naheen pahanata haye. usake prati usaki pahale kii pratikriya key aalok mein, gahaan apani pehchaan koo gupt rakhane kaa faisala kartaa haye, aur isake bajaay khud koo ack panthan (yoddha) key roop mein pahachaantaa haye jise turran kahaa jaataa haye.
unamen seey teen prithak nagar mantor taka pahunchane mein kamyab hoe jaate hain. bhojan aur paani kii talash mein shahar mein pravesh karane kaa saahas kartaa haye, lekin nivaasiyon dwara dhokha diyaa jaataa haye aur bandee banaa liya jaataa haye. taaraa aur ghek bhee pakade jaate hain. mantor mein, bandee koo maidan mein maut taka ladane key liye majboor kiya jaataa haye, jetton key ack sanshodhit sanskaran mein, shatranj seey milata-julata ack lokpriya barsumian board game; jeevit sanskaran logon koo jeevan-aakar key board parr khel key tukadon key roop mein upayog kartaa haye, jisamen pratyek ack tukade koo mrityu key liye dwandwayuddh key roop mein leey jaataa haye.
likhana.
upanyaas 1921 key dauran, 7 janwari seey 12 navambar taka likhaa gayaa thaa. yeh vishesh roop seey aavishkaarsheel aur vyaapak kalpana thee, jisamen upanyaas mein dikhaai dene vaali paramparaon, jaanvaron aur paatron key kaee vivaran shamil they. iss tukade parr kaam karate samay, baroj ney vastukala, sthaanon, upkaranon aur bhaugolik sthaanon seey sambandhit 70 pravishtiyon key saath ack kaaryapatrak banaaya. inmein seey, shayed sabse ullekhaniya unaki jetton kii rachana haye, joe shatranj kaa martian sanskaran haye, joe jeevit logon key saath khela jaataa haye. baroj ack utsuk shatranj khilaadi they aur upanyaas likhate samay apane sahayak, johnn shee key saath khel khelate they, jise unhone hamesha jeetaa thaa. baroj, jaisa kii unhone pahale key barsum upanyason mein kiya thaa, khud koo johnn carter key bhatije key roop mein cast kiya, jise ack anya martian kahani kii carter kii pandulipi saunpi gaee thee. unhone upanyaas key shuruati prishthon mein shee key saath inn khelon kaa ullekh kiya haye.
shally.
upanyaas koo ack grahon key romans key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh shally vigyaan kathaa kaa ack upasamuchchay haye, joe talwar aur jaadoo-tona key samaan haye, lekin isamen vaigyaanik tatva bhee shamil hain. grahon key prem mein adhikansh kriya ack videshi duniya kii satah parr hoti haye, jisamen aamtaur parr talwar kii ladaai, rakshas, alaukik tatva shamil hotey hain joe jaadoo key bajaay telepathy key roop mein hotey hain, aur isamen poorv-takniki yugon mein prithvi parr una sabhyataon koo pratidhwanit karna shamil hotaa haye, vishesh roop seey raajyon yaa ishwarshasit rashtron seey banaa hotaa haye. antariksh yaan dikhaai dey sakata haye, lekin aamtaur parr kahani key kendra mein naheen hotey hain.
setting.
vaigyaanik aadhar.
mars kii buroz kii drishti usa samay kii khagoliya atkalon seey prerit thee, vishesh roop seey persival lowell kii, jinhone grah koo apani unnat umr key kaaran jeevan key liye cumm aatithyashil duniya key roop mein dekhaa, jinake nivaasiyon ney shesh krishi yogya bhoomi koo sinchit karane key liye dhruviya dhakkan seey paani laane key liye naharon kaa nirmaan kiya thaa. lowell italvi khagolshastri, jiyovanni virginio shiyapereli seey prabhaavit they, jinhone 1878 mein mangal parr visheshtaon kaa avalokan kiya thaa, jise unhone kanali ("channel" key liye italvi) kahaa thaa. naharon" key roop mein angreji mein isake galat anuvaad ney iss vishvaas koo badhaava diyaa kii grah parr loga rahate they. bahate paani key saath ack basey hue grah key siddhant koo russie aur americi jaanch jaise dou wiking missions dwara pradaan kiye gaye detta dwara galat saabit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone ack mrit, jamey hue duniya kaa pataa lagaaya jahaan paani ack taral avastha mein maujood naheen hoe sakata thaa.
barsoom kii duniya.
kathaa shuru honey seey duss laakh saal pahale, mangal mahasagaron key saath ack rasili duniya thee. jaise-jaise mahasagaron kaa patan huaa, aur vayumandal kaa star cumm huaa, grah aanshik barbarta key paridrishya mein badal gayaa haye; ack umradaraaz grah parr rahane vaale, ghatate sansadhanon key saath, barsoom key nivasi kathor aur yuddh jaise hoe gaye hain, jeevit rahane key liye ack dusare seey lada rahey hain. barsumian naharon kii ack vishvavyaapi pranali key madhyam seey durlabh paani kii aapoorti vitarit karate hain, joe shahar-raajyon dwara niyantrit hoti haye. mangal kaa vayumandal ack "vayumandal key paudhe" seey kritrim roop seey bharaa jaataa haye.
yeh safed, peele, kaale, laal aur harey rung kii khaal vaali daud key beach spasht kshetriya vibhajan key saath ack duniya haye. pratyek mein vishesh lakshan aur guna hotey hain, joe unake bheetar lagbhag pratyek vyakti key paatron koo paribhaashit karate hain. barsoom mein nasl kii avadharana, jaatiyata kii tulanaa mein prajaatiyon key samaan haye.
vishisht setting.
bantoom, culden kii ghaati.
ack chhipi hui ghaati. culden kaa nivaas sthaan, joe jyaadaatar mastishk hain, aur ricker, binaa sir vaale shareer jinka upayog culden vaahan key roop mein karate hain. culden jyaadaatar jameen key neeche surangon mein rahate hain. yeh ack raajaa kalden dwara shaasit haye, jisamen asadharan telepathic shaktiyaan hain. helium kii taaraa ack badey toofaan seey usake udane vaale koo udaane key baad bantum mein samaapt hoe jaati haye.
mantor.
ack takniki roop seey pichhade laal mangal sabhyata, jisamen koee agneyastra yaa udaane vaale naheen hain, kafile parr hamla karke jeevit rahati haye aur kissy koo bhee apane samaaj koo chhodane seey rokti haye. unaki dou vishisht paramparaaen hain, pahala mritakon koo pradarshit karane kii aadat, aabhushanon mein dhakaa huaa, aur doosara martian shatranj, jetton kaa ack live sanskaran khelna. gathol kaa gahaan, helium kaa taaraa aur culden, ghek, culden kii ghaati seey bhaagate samay sthaan kii khoj karate hain.
ack vishay key roop mein atyadhik bauddhikta.
jabaki baroj koo aam taur parr ack lekhak key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye jisane seemit daarshanik moolya key kaam kaa nirmaan kiya, baroj ney dou barsom upanyaas likhe, joe shaaririk yaa shaaririk astitva kii keemat parr atyadhik bauddhik vikas kii seemaon kaa pataa lagaane yaa parody karane key liye prateet hotey hain. pahala thuvia thaa, mars kii naukarani, jisamen thuvia aur carthoris ney pracheen safed martian sabhyata, lotherian key avashesh kii khoj kii. lothrian jyaadaatar marr chuke hain, lekin shaktishali telepathic anumaanon key madhyam seey ack kaaryasheel samaaj key bhram koo banaae rakhate hain, aur dou guton kaa gathan kiya haye, joe vyarth bauddhik bahas kii jyadatiyon koo chitrit karate hain-ack gutt, yathaarthvaadi bhojan kii kalpana karane mein vishvaas karate hain taaki poshan pradaan kiya jaa sakey, doosara, alaukikvaadi, binaa khaae jeevit rahane mein vishvaas karate hain. mangal key shatranj khilaadi iss pravritti kaa doosara udaaharan hain.
"mars key shatranj khilaadi" bantoom key culden kaa parichay dete hain. unakaa roop lagbhag sabhi sir haye lekin chhah makadi jaise pairon aur ack jodee cheele key liye. unakaa nasleeya lakshya shuddh buddhi kii or aur shaaririk astitva seey door vikasit honah haye. bhautik kshetra mein kaary karane key liye, unhone rikaron koo paida kiya haye, joe laal mangal key ack aadarsh namoone key samaan shareer seey bunny ack poorak prajaati haye, lekin ack sir kii kamee haye. jaba culden khud koo ricker kii gardan parr rakhta haye, tou tambu kaa ack bundle ricker kii reedh kii huddy seey judataa haye, jisase culden key mastishk koo ricker key shareer key saath interfaces karane kii anumati milati haye. yadi ricker kshatigrast hoe jaataa haye yaa marr jaataa haye, tou culden kewal dusare parr chadhata haye kyonki ack dharti vaalaa ghodaa ghode koo badal sakata haye.
kaldenon ney shuddh mastishk banane key liye apane shareer kaa tyag curr diyaa haye, lekin halanki way ricker shareer key saath interfaces curr sakate hain, ack ekikrit munn aur shareer key saath samanya logon kii tulanaa mein kaary karane kii unaki kshamata aprabhaavi aur vikrit haye. culden, lagbhag shuddh mastishk, bhee hotey hain, jabaki atyadhik buddhiman, badsurat aprabhaavi jeev jaba ack ricker shareer key saath interfaces naheen karate hain. helium kii taaraa unaki tulanaa apane grih shahar key prabhaavshaali buddhijiviyon seey karati haye, jisamen shreshthata kii aatm-mahatvapurna bhavna hoti haye, aur gathol key dhyaan seey kii buddhi aur shaaririk bhaavanaon key beach santulan khojana behtar hoe sakata haye.
jetton aur uska prabhaav.
jetain kaa khel shatranj kii ack martian vividhata haye. board mein 100 kaale aur narangi varg hotey hain, joe ack vaikalpik pattern mein rakhe jaate hain. kaale aur narangi donon khilaadiyon koo 20 tukade diye jaate hain. upanyaas mein yeh jeevan aakar mein, manator key barsumian sthaan mein akhaade mein, vaastavik jeevit logon key saath khela jaataa haye, joe samaan roop seey dikhaai dene key liye taiyar hotey hain jaise way pratinidhitva karate hain. khel mrityu taka kii ladaai haye, jaba ack yoddha koo ack varg mein leey jaaya jaataa haye, aur virodhi rung kaa ack yoddha jagah parr kabja curr letaa haye, tou donon koo nashwar ladaai mein sanlagn honah chaahiye. khel kaa uddeshya dakshin key black martian aur uttar key peele martian key beach ack ladaai koo chitrit karna haye aur isaliye board paaramparik roop seey inn dishaaon kii or unmukh haye. jabaki apraadhiyon aur daason koo aamtaur parr tukadon key roop mein istemal kiya jaataa haye, kuleen bhee avsaron parr bhaag lete hain. yeh ack sunder mahila koo jeetane key liye mantor mein khela jaataa haye, aamtaur parr ack asadharan roop seey sunder gulam. yeh nissandeh shatranj key prati baroj key apane aakarshan seey utpann hotaa haye.
khel key niyam pustak kii sanrachana aur kathaanak koo pratibimbit karate hain, jisamen ack shaktishali naayak (gathol/pramukh kaa vaahan) hotaa haye jise ack sunder ladki (taaraa/rajkumari) koo ack bhayaanak khalnayak (yuu-door/pratidvandi pramukh) seey bachaane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. baroj bhee aamtaur parr apane naayak koo ack side-kick dete hain, aur yahaan dou (odwar) hotey hain. anya tukade sahyogiyon aur gurgon key gumnam mezban banaate hain.
6 agast, 1922 koo ack kaidi, elston bee seey ack patra praapt huaa. pyaari, khameer key laayak jail kaa ack kaidi. mithaai aur ack anya kaidi ney palp patrika mein jetain key sandarbhon kaa upayog ack jetain sett banaane key liye kiya thaa, jisamen nakkashidar tukade they, jisake baad unhone kaee khel khele they, aur yeh khel anya kaidiyon key beach lokpriya hoe gayaa thaa. baroj ney 16 agast, 1922 koo vaapas likhaa kii unhone jodee koo soochit kiya kii unhone pahala vaastavik sett banaaya thaa. prashansakon kii khel mein ruchi adhik thee; natijatan, unhone ack parishisht mein niyamon koo shamil kiya, jiska sheershak thaa "jetain, yaa martian shatranj", jaba upanyaas sanskaran prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. khel parr ack adhyaay koo johnn gallen kii 1968 kii pustak "shatranj vividhataon" mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. golan ney ack jetain sett banaaya, mukhya roop seey ack naveenata key roop mein khel key baare mein utsuk thaa aur isake saath khela; vaha iss baat seey aashcharyachakit thaa kii usane khel kaa kitna anand liya, aur yahaan taka kii ise ack 'sammaanjanak khel' key roop mein bhee varnit kiya.
iss avadharana ney baad key grahon key prem prasangon key lekhakon dwara prerit nakal koo prabhaavit kiya, jinamen seey pratyek ney manushyon key saath ladane key liye shatranj key apane alaukik sanskaran kaa aavishkaar karane key liye majboor mahsoos kiya. iss tarah key shraddhanjali key udaharanon mein shamil hainh
jey. key. rauling kaa "hairi potter aind dha masserers stone" kalpana mein isake upayog kaa ack durlabh udaaharan pradaan kartaa haye, ack drishya mein jisamen usake teen naayak hairi, hermioni aur ronn koo jadugar key shatranj key jeevan jaise khel mein tukadon key roop mein khelna chaahiye.
danne simone key daraavane upanyaas "carrian comfort" mein naazi shatranj key guru hain joe mansik shaktiyon key saath hain joe unhein ekagrata shivir key kaidiyon key dimag mein pravesh karane kii anumati dete hain jisase unhein shatranj key ghaatak khelon mein pyaade key roop mein poori tarah seey niyantrit kiya jaa sakata haye.
copyrite.
iss kahani key liye copyrite sanyukt raajya mein samaapt hoe gayaa haye aur iss prakaar, abb vahaan saarvajanik domen mein rahata haye. paath project guttenberg key madhyam seey upalabdh haye.
lokpriya sanskriti.
aich. bee. oh. shrinkhala "boardwalk samrajya" key chauthe season mein, charitra richard hairo pustak kii ack prati rakhta haye.

