
luis tregardt

luis johann traggard (swedish seh "tradguard", udyaan), aamtaur parr tricard (10 agast 1783-25 octuber 1838) cape coloney kii purvi seema key ack kisan they, joe ack praarambhik wartracker netaa bunn gaye. aupaniveshik adhikaar koo chhodkar, unhone 1834 mein deshi aarakshit seema key paar jhosa key beach rahane key liye pravaas kiya, isase pahale kii unhone narangi nadee koo uttari kshetra mein paar kiya. 1836 kii shuruat mein saathi trekker johannes (huns) vaine rainsberg key saath unaki uttar kii or kii yatra shuru hui thee. unhone dakshin africa key agyaat aantarik bhaag mein saat boer kisaanon aur unake chauntis bachchon aur mool sevakon seey bunny apani chhoti see pravaasi party kaa netritva kiya aur ack saal key liye zoutenberg key aadhar parr buss gaye.
unake track key iss sabse uttari bindu parr, aswasthyakar sthitiyon ney manushya aur jaanvaron parr assar dalna shuru curr diyaa. ack anuvarti track dwara parityakt prateet hotaa haye, aur unake hathidant key liye aapoorti aur kharidaaron seey door, traggard ney basti koo chhod diyaa, aur dall koo dakshin-poorv kii or delagoa khaadi mein purtagaali chauki kii or leey gayaa joe baad mein maputo (mosambic kii rajdhani shahar) bunn gayaa. samudra kii or jaane vaalaa maarg kathin saabit huaa aur isamen uttari drakensburg key ack hisse koo paar karane kii chunauti shamil thee. halanki delagoa khaadi mein kille taka pahunchate hue, unake dall key kaee logon koo raaste mein maleria hoe gayaa. traggard kii patni 1838 mein kille mein marr gaee, usake chhah maheene baad traggard kii mrityu hoe gaee.
coloney mein.
lui chaar bachchon mein sabse chhota thaa. unake daadaa pitrus tradguard dakshini sweeden key kalmar key backebo seey ack kailwinwadi sharanarthi they joe 19 saal kii umr mein 1731 mein cape pahunche they. unake daadaa ney german extein parivaar kii ack betty seey shaadi kii thee. unake pitaa kaa janm francechok mein huaa thaa. unake janm key baad unakaa parivaar quittenhage chalaa gayaa, aur isaliye graphe-rennet mein chalaa gayaa. unake pitaa kairal, nagrik adhikaari key roop mein, 18veen shatabdi key jhosa sanghrshon mein bahut adhik shamil they. isake alawa vaha 1795 mein dutch east india company key khilaf aur baad mein angreji aupaniveshik shasson key khilaf, graphe-rennet pratirodh andolanon mein ack pratibhaagi they. jaba angrejon ney graphe-rennet mein apane bhoo-himm key roop mein braselar koo sthaapit kiya, tou carrell aur unake dou bete naee sarkaar key saath nishtha kaa sankalp lene key bajaay, mahaan machhali nadee key baahar, coloney key baahar buss gaye. carrell kewal taba lauta jaba 1803 mein dutch shasson bahaal kiya gayaa thaa, aur somerset key paas brintjeshoogte mein usaki mrityu hoe gaee.
lui key yuvaaon yaa schooly shiksha key baare mein adhik kuchh naheen pataa haye, lekin unake baad key lekhan ack achchi buddhi aur ack saksharta koo prakat karate hain joe unake ausat deshwasi seey adhik thee. unhone 1810 mein quittenge jile mein basane seey pahale graphe-rennet jile mein vibhinn sthaanon parr kheti kii. usa varsh baad mein unhone usa jile key 15 varsheeya martha seey shaadi kii. vaha jald hii bruntjeshoogte key paas boshberg farm mein chaley gaye, jise 1814 mein jabt curr liya gayaa thaa. phir unhone dagaboars neck mein dee plaat farm kaa adhigrahan kiya, jahan unhein 1825 mein smaldeal ward key liye feeled cornet key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
haalaanki, aupaniveshik adhikaariyon key saath unake asahaj sambandh they, aur way jhosa pramukh seey charaai kii bhoomi kiraaye parr lene key liye sahmat hoe gaye. 1829 mein lui ney apane bete carolus koo kaale kei nadee key kinare apane maveshiyon koo charaane key liye bheja, phir british kafraria kii uttari seema. 1833 mein (yaa 34) lui ney bhee apane bete key saath shamil honey key liye tatasth kshetra koo paar kiya. yahaan ack badaa boer samudaay, aupaniveshik sarkaar key vipareet, pahale seey hii nirvaasan mein reh rhaa thaa. lui key unake netaa key roop mein kaary karane key saath, curnell hairi smith ney unhein chhathe jhosa yuddh kaa andolankari maanaa, aur unhein giraftar karane kii yojana banaai. traggard ney halanki apane parivaar aur pashudhan koo coloney key thheek baahar, callidon aur narangi nadiyon key beach kii bhoomi mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, jahan vaha 1835 mein rahate they.
uttar kii or track karein.
traggard ney apane mitra hendrick potgeeter key saath apani gatividhiyon kaa samanvaya kiya, joe unake raaste parr chalana chaahte they. traggard ney apane alawa aathh parivaaron key saath uttar kii or track shuru kiya, aur nirvaasan mein rahane vaale ack anya kisan johann (huns) vaine rainsberg key track seey juda gaye. tregardt aur vaine rainsberg thaba nachu key paas seey gujarane vaale wartrakers mein seey pahale they, jahan mukhya morok II kii barolong janjaati nivasi thee.
vartamaan limpopo praant mein streedpoortberg taka pahunchane parr, traggard aur vaine rainsberg alag hoe gaye, jaba traggard ney tark diyaa kii vaine rainsberg hathidant kii khoj mein apana golaa-barud atyadhik kharch curr rhaa thaa. vaine rainsberg koo phir seey naheen dekhaa jaayega; vaha aur untalis logon kaa unakaa track juuna 1836 mein limpopo nadee mein ack ford mein songa key ack dall dwara raat bhar key hamale key baad maaraa gayaa thaa.
tregardt maee seey agast 1836 taka zoutenberg key paschimi promontary parr namak paine mein thahare, jahan potgitter kii scouting party ney unakaa daura kiya, jinhone unhein ashvasana diyaa kii way jald hii unake track mein shamil hoe jaayenge. potgeeter vaine rainsberg kii asafal khoj mein uttar kii or ravaana huaa. julaai mein traggard ney ack purvi disha mein khoj shuru kii, aur limpopo parr sakana key kraal taka pahunch gaye, jahan vaine rainsberg kabile key sambhavatah nasht hoe gaye they. yahaan khatare aur vishvaasghaat kii poorv soochana ney traggard koo ghar lautane key liye prerit kiya, lekin sabhi vaine rainsberg key bhaagya key baare mein aashvast they.
navambar 1836 mein tregardt ney apane shivir koo poorv kii or baad key scomensedal aur luis tricardt shahar key aspas key adhik anukool jalavaayu mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, joe ack chauthai sthaaniya janjaatiyon key liye dazaanaani key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. unaki party koo juuna 1837 taka yahaan rehna thaa, usa samay unhone 21 bachchon key liye praathamik ghar, ack karyashala aur ack school banaaya. kahaa jaataa haye kii yahaan traggard ney divangat pramukh mapofu key beton key beach uttaradhikar sangharsh mein hastakshep kiya thaa. tregardt ney apane bete rasethau (i.ee. ramabulana) apane chhote bhaai ramvoya seey sardar pada koo phir seey praapt karane mein. halanki iss ghatana key baare mein traggard kaa vivaran ack agyaat samay parr unaki diarry seey faad diyaa gayaa thaa. iss sahaayata key liye, aur matabelle hamla karane vaale dalon key khilaf suraksha key liye, rasetau ney spasht roop seey bhoomi parr kabja karane aur shikaar key maidanon taka pahunch key liye traggard koo swatantrata dee. dakshin mein sanghrshon key kaaran vilambit potgeeter kaa track halanki aaney vaalaa naheen thaa.
juuna seey agast 1837 taka traggard kii party ney poorv kii or dorren nadee (vartamaan dorren nadee farm) mein derra daala, jisake baad way samudra mein ack nayaa ghar yaa vyaparik maarg khojane key liye zoutenberg seey ravaana hue. purtagaliyon key saath unake seemit sanchaar ney sanket diyaa kii unakaa swaagat kiya jaayega, aur purvi tata parr aabaadi cumm thee.
delagoa khaadi kii yatra.
tregardt ney delagoa khaadi key liye ack dakshini drishtikon parr nirnay liya, limpopo seey bachane key liye jahan vaine rainsberg kii hatyaa curr dee gaee thee, aur sets nichale kshetron mein sthaanik roop seey udataa haye. tregardt 2 octuber 1837 koo chunisport key madhyam seey oliphants nadee parr pahunche, aur aage badhane key baare mein peddy logon key pramukh sevati seey paramarsh kiya. mukhya sevati ney unhein ack dostana yatra dee, aur salah dee kii poorv kii or kaa maarg harr jagah durgam pahaadon seey baadhit thaa, aisaa naa hoe kii way apane vaiganon koo peechhe chhod dein aur paidal aage badhein. traggard, joe abb 54 varsh key hoe gaye hain, halanki pahaadon koo paar karane mein dridh they, bhale hii vaiganon koo todana padey aur tukadon mein leey jaanaa padey.
unhone jalcharon koo gherne vaali oobad-khabad dhalanon kii apani khud kii tohi kii, aur kaee baar jalcharon koo paar karane key baad, shikhar kii or leey jaane vaali ack paar karane yogya dhalaan paaee. vaigan, kabhi-kabhi aanshik roop seey dhwast hoe jaate they aur shaakhaon parr kheenche jaate they, dhaaee maheene mein drakensburg key shikhar parr leey jaaya jaataa thaa. ack baar nichale star parr derra daale jaane key baad, way jald hii sthaaniya nivaasiyon seey mille. dinn mein unhein secororo janjaati dwara marula bear key bartan bhent kiye jaate they, lekin raat mein janjaati key sadasya baar-baar apane maveshiyon koo jung lagaate they. inn nuksaanon kii bharpai karane key liye, tregardt ney aage key galat kaamon koo rokane key liye kaee janjaati key sadasyon koo bandhak banaane kaa sahaara liya.
delagoa khaadi key liye track kaa antim dou sou meal kaa charan 5 farwari 1838 koo shuru huaa, aur oliphants nadee jald hii 14veen aur aakhiri baar shuru hui. yahaan secororo induna nagotshipana key loga maafi maangane aae, aur dou badey haathi daanton key saath traggard prastut karke chaar mahila bandhakon kii rihaai sunishchit karane mein kamyab rahey. blide nadee seey parey kii janjaatiyon ney apane achche iradon kaa ashvasana diyaa, aur purani sardar mosali ney apane pratidvandi, magupe key saath ack jhagade mein madhyasthata karane key liye kahaa. ack sthaaniya janjaati ney kaee trapping gaddhon vaale kshetra mein yatra karane mein bhee sahaayata kii. classery aur rait nadiyon koo ack key baad ack jodaa gayaa thaa, aur abb kendriya crugger park key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa kshetra binaa kissy ghatana key paar hoe gayaa thaa. lebombo renz key poorv mein way gwamba logon key vibhinn gaanvon seey mille. unake sabhi nivasi milansar they; way aur unake pramukh, makodelana, ney kaee uphaaron key saath traggard koo bhent kiya. way dou maheene key liye cumm oonchaai vaale track mein komti nadee taka pahunche. ise paar karna mushkil saabit huaa aur paar karate samay unake kaee janwar khou gaye yaa chori hoe gaye. way vilaa luiza chauki seey gujarate hue 13 aprail 1838 koo daldali ilaakon, laigoonon aur tateey janjaatiyon key gaanvon key saath delagoa khaadi mein kille taka pahunchate rahey.
track kaa vighatan.
baavan vyaktiyon kii party koo purtagaliyon seey ack dostana swaagat milaa. haalaanki, ack naee shuruat key roop mein joe dikhaai diyaa, vaha ack samanvit andolan key roop mein track key nirashajanak anta koo darshaata. unake aaney key chaar dinn baad paanch loga bukhaar seey beemar hoe gaye. school key shikshak pfeiffer aur traggard kii patni martha maleria seey sabse pahale marr gaye they. adhik loga beemar hoe gaye, halanki traggard key kuchh bachche thheek hoe gaye.
kille mein jalavaayu aur charaai lambe samay taka rahane key liye pratikool paaee gaee, aur traggard ney samudra seey nikasi kaa anurodh karane key liye ack naukar koo janm key liye bheja. iss beach, unakaa betaa carolus sambhaavit niptan key liye maidagaskar aur purvi africa kii jaanch karane key liye jahaaj seey uttar kii or ravaana huaa. apani patni key chhah maheene baad, apani vaapsee seey pahale tregardt ney maleria kii chapet mein aakar dumm toda diyaa. kewal agale varsh, 1839 kii sardiyon taka, 26 jeevit bache logon koo "mezappa" schooner dwara port natal mein leey jaaya gayaa.
viraasat aur maanyata.
way ekmatra aise wartracker netaa they jinhone apane track kii ack diarry rakhee, joe bhasha vigyaan aur nasl vigyaan key sandarbh mein ack moolyavaan dastavej thaa, isake alawa mausam key pattern, bhugol aur aantarik vanyajeevon parr unaki tippaniyon key alawa. diarry kii shuruat julaai 1836 mein zoutenberg mein hui thee aur maee 1838 mein delagoa khaadi mein samaapt hui thee. pravishtiyaan lagbhag dainik roop seey jodee jaati theen, aur shayed hii kabhi unake dwara varnit ghatnaaon key dou dinn baad.
dastaavez prakaashan yaa prabhaav key liye naheen likhaa gayaa thaa, balki samajik baatchit aur unake chhote samudaay key dinn-pratidin key anubhavon parr unake vyaktigat pratibimbon kaa vivaran detaa thaa. 1917 mein iska prailer sanskaran pahali baar print mein dikhaai diyaa, jisake baad tii. aich. 1964 mein leey rocks kaa adhik vishvasaniya paath jise ack shabdawali aur bhashai annotation key saath pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. jey. grobbler kaa african bhasha mein annotated anuvaad 2013 mein dikhaai diyaa, jisase paath kii pahunch mein kaafee sudhaar hotaa haye.
shahar tricardsdorp kaa naam 1899 mein unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, joe zoutenberg key aadhar parr unake saal bhar rahane kii yaad mein thaa. mpumlanga mein, trichard naamak ack shahar unake uttar kii or maarg parr sthit haye.
kaee smaarak unake maarg kaa pataa lagaate hain, pahala winberg mein jahaan wartracker smaarak kaa ack stambh traggard key dall kaa prateek haye. zebedila key paas ack maarg marker road 519 key buggle mein maujood haye joe kii strideport pahaadon key thheek uttar mein haye, joe apane aap mein vaine rainsberg key saath traggard kii asahamati koo yaad kartaa haye. luis tricardt shahar mein unake dwara banaae gaye school kii yaad mein ack smaarak haye, aur nagar palika key pustakalaya mein tregardt kii ack pratima pradarshit kii gaee haye. 1937 mein, track kii shatabdi mein, ack kansya pattika sthaapit kii gaee thee jahan unhone drakensburg katak koo paar kiya thaa. nalespruit key aadhunik town holl key buggle mein ack dhoop kaa bartan unaki yatra kii maanyata mein ack vaigan wheel key aakar kaa haye.
luis tregardt smaarak udyaan maanchitra mein unake track key antim gantavya parr sthit haye.
dye soone come aana dye seakent opp" (africansah "dha sunn ascendus from dha ocean"), genet ferreira kaa ack upanyaas haye, joe unaki yatra parr adharit haye, jaisa kii pitter peaters kaa yuva upanyaas haye, "dye paid naa dye see" ("samudra key liye pathyakram").

