
roodhivaadi party (yuu. key.)

roodhivaadi party, aadhikarik taur parr roodhivaadi aur sanghwadi party aur bolchal kii bhasha mein tory key roop mein bhee jaani jaati haye, laber party key saath sanyukt raajya mein dou mukhya raajneetik dalon mein seey ack haye. yeh vartamaan shaasi dall haye, jisane 2019 kaa aam chunaav jeetaa haye, aur 2010 seey united kingdam mein praathamik shaasi dall rhaa haye. party raajneetik spectrum key kendra-dakshinpanthi haye, aur ack-rashtra roodhivaadiyon, shaavak aur paaramparik roodhivaadiyon sahit vibhinn vaichaarik guton koo shamil kartaa haye. party mein vartamaan mein sansad key 354 sadasya, house off lords key 260 sadasya, landan vidhansabha key 9 sadasya, scotish sansad key 31 sadasya, velsh sansad key 16 sadasya, 4 seedhe nirvaachit mahapour, 30 pulis aur aparaadh aayukt aur lagbhag 5,647 sthaaniya paarshad hain. yeh vaarshik roodhivaadi party sammelan aayojit kartaa haye.
roodhivaadi party kii sthaapana 1834 mein tory party seey hui thee aur yeh 19veen shatabdi mein liberal party key saath dou pramukh raajneetik dalon mein seey ack thee. benjamin disraeli key tahat, isane british samrajya kii oonchaai parr rajneeti mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai. 1912 mein, liberal unionwadi party kaa party key saath vilay curr diyaa gayaa aur roodhivaadi aur sanghwadi party kaa gathan kiya gayaa. 1920 key dashak seey, laber party roodhivaadiyon kii mukhya pratidvandi key roop mein ubhari aur roodhivaadi-shramik raajneetik pratidvandvita ney pichhali shatabdi key liye aadhunik british rajneeti koo aakar diyaa haye.
2010 mein, roodhivaadiyon ney udaar loktantravadiyon key saath gathbandhan sarkaar mein pravesh kiya. 2015 key aam chunaav key baad, roodhivaadiyon ney ack chhote seey bahumat key saath sarkaar banaai. 2017 mein ack twarit aam chunaav key parinamswarup roodhivaadiyon ney apana bahumat khou diyaa aur loktaantrik sanghwadi party key saath vishvaas aur aapoorti vyavastha key madhyam seey shasson kiya. 2019 key aam chunaav mein, roodhivaadiyon ney 80 seeton kaa bahumat jeetaa, lekin ghotalon kii ack shrinkhala ney boris johnson mein avishvaas prastaav, julaai 2022 key sarkaar sankat aur pradhaanmantri dwara netritva pratiyogita lambit rahane taka apane istife kii ghoshana kii. johnson key baad liz trus ney ack aur sarkari sankat key baad dou maheene seey bhee cumm samay mein apane istife kii ghoshana kii. rishi sunak koo 24 octuber 2022 koo party key netaa key roop mein nirvirodh chunaa gayaa thaa.
party ney aam taur parr 1980 key dashak seey mukt baajaron key paksh mein udaar aarthik neetiyon koo apanaaya haye, jisamen viniyaman, nijikaran aur vipanan shamil hain, halanki aitihaasik roop seey isane sanrakshanvaad kii vakaalat kii haye. yeh party british sanghwadi haye, joe ack sanyukt ireland key saath-saath scotish aur wells kii swatantrata kaa virodh karati haye, aur hastaantaran kii aalochana karati rahee haye. aitihaasik roop seey, party ney british samrajya key nirantarta aur rakharkhaav kaa samarthan kiya. party ney europeeya sangh (ee. yuu.) key prati vibhinn drishtikon apanaae hain, jisamen euroseptic aur, cumm seey cumm hudd taka, isake bheetar europeeya samarthak gutt hain. roodhivaadi cameron sarkaar key tahat aayojit 2016 key janmat sangrah mein europeeya sangh koo chhodane key nirnay key baad, isane "brexit karaayen" key naare key saath ack majboot euroseptic sthiti koo apanaaya. isane aitihaasik roop seey ack samajik roodhivaadi drishtikon apanaaya, lekin isaki samajik neeti adhik udaar hoe gaee haye, jiska pramaan 2014 mein roodhivaadi-udaarvaadi loktaantrik gathbandhan key tahat samlaingik vivaah key vaidhikaran, 2016 mein senaa mein yuddh bhoomikaon mein mahilaaon parr pratibandh koo hataana haye. raksha neeti mein, yeh ack swatantra paramanu hathiyar karyakram aur naato sadasyata key liye pratibaddhata sahit ack majboot sainya kshamata kaa samarthan kartaa haye.
aadhunik british raajneetik itihas key adhikansh samay key liye, united kingdam ney ack vyaapak shahari-graameen raajneetik vibhajan kaa pradarshan kiya; roodhivaadi party key matdan aur vittiya samarthan aadhar mein aitihaasik roop seey mukhya roop seey ghar key malik, vyavasaay malik, kisan, achal sampatti vikaskarta aur madhyam varg key matadaata shamil rahey hain, vishesh roop seey ingland key graameen aur upnagariya kshetron mein. haalaanki, 2016 mein europeeya sangh key janmat sangrah key baad seey, roodhivaadiyon ney chhote aur madhyam aakar key shahari kshetron (joe paaramparik roop seey shram samarthan curr rahey they) mein shramik varg key matdaataon koo lakshit kiya haye, europeeya sangh mein shramikon key liye andolan kii swatantrata (europeeya ekal bajar key bheetar) aur manvadhikaron parr europeeya sammelan key kaaran honey vaale kathit nuksan key khilaf lakshit raajneetik abhiyaanon kaa upayog karke. 20veen shatabdi mein british rajneeti mein roodhivaadiyon kaa prabhutva-lagaatar 65 varshon taka shasson karane key baad-aur 2010 key dashak mein isake punah uday ney ise paschimi duniya mein sabse safal raajneetik dalon mein seey ack key roop mein sandarbhit kiya haye. 
party kii landan, scotish, velsh aur uttari ayrish shaakhaaen ardh-swaayatt hain. roodhivaadi antarrashtriya loktaantrik sangh key sansthaapak sadasya hain, aur europeeya roodhivaadi aur sudhaarvaadi party key sansthaapak sadasya they.
itihas.
utpatti.
roodhivaadi party 1830 key dashak mein robbert peel dwara banaai gaee thee. haalaanki, kuchh lekhakon ney isaki utpatti kaa pataa tory party seey lagaaya haye jise isane jald hii badal diyaa, jiska naam 1670 key dashak key bahishkaar sankat mein charles II key shasankal mein upman key roop mein utpann huaa thaa. anya itihaaskaar 18veen shatabdi key whig party mein nihit ack gutt kii or ishara karate hain, joe 1780 key dashak mein villium pitt dha young key aspas ekjut huaa thaa. unhein "swatantra whiggs", "mister pitt key dost" yaa "petite" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa aur kabhi bhee "tory" yaa "roodhivaadi" jaise shabdon kaa upayog naheen kiya jaataa thaa. pitt kii mrityu 1806 mein hui. lagbhag 1812 seey "tory" naam kaa upayog aamtaur parr ack naee party key liye kiya jaataa thaa, joe itihaaskaar robbert blake key anusaar, "roodhivaad key poorvaj hain. blake kahate hain kii 1812 key baad pitt key uttaradhikari "kissy bhee mayane mein 'sachche dharamvaad' key maanak-vaahak naheen they.
jey. key ack patrika lekh dwara party key liye ack sheershak key roop mein "roodhivaadi" shabd kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa. 1830 mein "traimasik sameeksha" mein willson croker. naam turant pakad mein aaya aur 1834 key aspas robbert peel key tatvavdhan mein aupchaarik roop seey apanaaya gayaa. peel koo roodhivaadi party key sansthaapak key roop mein sweekaar kiya jaataa haye, jise unhone tamworth ghoshanapatra kii ghoshana key saath banaaya thaa. 1845 taka tory key bajaay "roodhivaadi party" shabd kaa pramukh upayog thaa.
roodhivaadi aur sanghwadi (1867-1914).
19veen shatabdi mein chunavi matadhikar key vistaar ney roodhivaadi party koo edward smith-stanly, derby key 14vein earl aur benjamin disraeli key tahat apane drishtikon koo lokpriya banaane key liye majboor kiya, jinhone 1867 key sudhaar adhiniyam key saath matadhikar key apane vistaar koo aage badhaaya. party shuru mein matdaataon key aage vistaar kaa virodh curr rahee thee jise udaar pradhaan mantri villium gladstone chaahte they lekin antatah sweekaar curr liya aur gladstone key 1884 key sudhaar adhiniyam koo paarit karane kii anumati dey dee. 1886 mein, party ney spensor compton cavendish, lord hartington (baad mein devonshire key 8vein duke) aur joseph chamberlain kii naee liberal unionist party key saath ack gathbandhan banaaya aur rajneta robbert gaskoyne-seasil, lord salisbury aur arther balfour key tahat, 1906 mein bhaari haar kaa saamana karane seey pahale agale teen varshon key liye satta parr kabja curr liya, jaba yeh mukt vyaapaar key mudde parr vibhajit hoe gayaa. itihaaskaar richard shannon kaa tark haye kii salisbury ney sabse lambe samay taka prabhutva kii adhyakshata kii, lekin unhone apani chunavi safaltaon kii galat vyakhya kii aur galat tareeke seey unakaa prabandhan kiya. madhyam varg key prati salisbury key andhepan aur abhijaat varg parr nirbharta ney roodhivaadiyon koo bahumat party banane seey roque diyaa. itihaaskaar ee. aich. aich. green kaa tark haye kii salisbury kii sevaanivritti key baad party vaichaarik roop seey sanchaalit thee aur ack vyaapak europeeya roodhivaad seey milati-julati thee. 1906 mein apani haar key baad, ack kattarpanthi roodhivaad ubhara jisane british samrajya koo ekjut karane aur british krishi aur udyog koo videshi pratispardha seey bachaane aur samaajvaad key khatare seey nipatane key liye "shulk sudhaar" (joe kii uchch nae shulk haye) koo badhaava dene kii maang kii.
yuva winston churchill ney mukt vyaapaar parr chamberlain key hamale kii ninda kii, aur sanghwadi/roodhivaadi party key ander vipaksh koo sangathit karane mein madad kii. phir bhee, party key netaa key roop mein, chamberlain kii neeti kaa paalan karate hue, balfour ney sanrakshanvaadi kaanoon pesh kiya. uchch shulk tatva ney khud koo "shulk sudharakon" kahaa aur 13 maee 1904 koo manchester mein ack pramukh bhaashan mein, churchill ney chetavani dee kii sanghwadi/roodhivaadi party key unake adhigrahan seey yeh sthaayi roop seey iss prakaar hogaah
dou saptah baad, churchill ney sadan koo paar kiya aur aupchaarik roop seey liberal party mein shamil hoe gaye (way 1925 mein phir seey roodhivaadiyon mein shamil hoe gaye). disambar mein, dalbadal kaee gunaa badhane key saath, balfour ney apani party parr niyantran khou diyaa. unaki jagah udaarvaadi pradhaanmantri heinry campbelle-bannerman ney lii, jinhone janwari 1906 mein chunaav kaa ahwan kiya, jisane 214 seeton key laabh key saath ack vishal udaar jeet kaa utpaadan kiya. udaar pradhaanmantri aich. aich. esquith ney bahut saare sudhaar kaanoon banaae, lekin sanghvaadiyon ney jamini star parr ayojan mein kadee mehnat kii. 1910 mein dou aam chunaav hue, ack janwari mein aur ack disambar mein. donon mukhya dall abb seeton mein lagbhag barabar they. sanghvaadiyon key paas adhik lokpriya vote they lekin udaarvaadi ayrish sansadiya dall key saath gathbandhan key saath niyantran mein rahey.
1912 mein, udaarvaadi sanghvaadiyon kaa roodhivaadi party mein vilay hoe gayaa. ireland mein, 1891 mein ayrish sanghwadi gathbandhan kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen ayrish grih shasson key virodh mein sanghvaadiyon koo ack raajneetik andolan mein milaa diyaa gayaa thaa. isake aim. pee. aiss. ney westminster mein roodhivaadi whip liya, aur sankshep mein, 1922 taka party key ayrish wing kaa gathan kiya. britten mein, roodhivaadi party koo ireland mein grih shasson key virodh key kaaran sanghwadi party key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
aaee. dee. 1. mein bonner low key netritva mein party key manobal mein sudhaar huaa, "kattarpanthi dakshinpanthi" wing koo niyantrit kiya gayaa aur party tantra majboot huaa. isane rachanaatmak samajik neetiyon koo vikasit karane kii disha mein kuchh pragati kii. itihaaskaar jeremi smith kaa kahana haye kii bonner low kadee mehnat curr rhaa thaa-nishchit roop seey dhundhala aur dhamki dene vaalaa, aur shayed dhokha dene vaalaa-lekin anta mein unaki ranneeti susangat aur prabhaavi donon saabit hui.
pratham vishva yuddh.
jabaki udaarvaadi jyaadaatar belgium key aakraman taka yuddh key khilaf they, roodhivaadi netaa dridhata seey france kii sahaayata karane aur germany koo rokane key paksh mein they. liberal party sarkaar key poorna niyantran mein thee jaba taka kii shale sankat key tahat yuddh key prayason key kuprabandhan seey usaki pratishtha koo buri tarah seey nuksan naheen pahuncha. maee 1915 mein ack sarv-pakshiya gathbandhan sarkaar kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. 1916 key anta mein udaarvaadi david lloyd george pradhaan mantri baney lekin udaarvaadi jald hii vibhajit hoe gaye aur roodhivaadiyon ney sarkaar parr prabhutva jamaaya, vishesh roop seey 1918 key chunaav mein unake bhuskhalan key baad. liberal party kabhi bhee thheek naheen hui, lekin 1920 key baad shram ney taakat hassil kii.
nigel kehone ney paaya kii roodhivaadi 1914 seey pahale kadve roop seey vibhajit they, vishesh roop seey ayrish sanghwad key mudde aur lagaatar teen chunaav nuksan key anubhav parr. haalaanki yuddh ney party koo ack saath kheench liya, jisase vaha deshbhakti parr jore dey sakee kyonki usey nayaa netritva milaa aur usane ayrish prashn, samaajvaad, chunavi sudhaar aur arthavyavastha mein hastakshep key mudde parr apani sthiti taiyar kii. asamajikta parr nayaa jore laber party kii badhati taakat key prati isaki pratikriya thee. jaba chunavi sudhaar ack mudda thaa, tou yeh graameen ingland mein unake aadhar kii raksha key liye kaam kartaa thaa. isane 1920 key dashak mein aakramak roop seey mahila matdaataon kii maang kii, joe aksar deshbhakti key vishayon parr nirbhar theen.
1920-1945.
1922 mein, bonner low aur steinly baldwyn ney gathbandhan key tootane kaa netritva kiya, aur roodhivaadiyon ney 1923 taka shasson kiya, jaba ramse mcdonald key netritva mein ack alpasankhyak shram sarkaar satta mein aaee. roodhivaadiyon ney 1924 mein satta hassil kii aur poore paanch saal key karyakal key liye satta mein baney rahey. way 1929 mein ack alpasankhyak shram sarkaar key roop mein parajit hue, joe phir seey mcdonald key netritva mein, karyalaya leey liya. 1931 mein, shram alpasankhyak sarkaar key patan key baad, yeh ack aur gathbandhan mein pravesh kiya, jisamen liberal party aur laber party (rashtriya shram aur rashtriya udaarvaadi) donon key guton key kuchh samarthan key saath roodhivaadiyon kaa varchasva thaa. maee 1940 mein, ack adhik santulit gathbandhan kaa gathan kiya gayaa, rashtriya sarkaar, jisane winston churchill key netritva mein, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key madhyam seey sanyukt raajya koo dekhaa. haalaanki, party 1945 key aam chunaav mein punarutthaankaari laber party key haathon haar gaee, jisane apani pahali bahumat vaali sarkaar jeeti.
sampatti key swaamitva vaale loktantra" kii avadharana 1923 mein noel skelton dwara gadhaa gayaa thaa aur yeh party kaa ack mool siddhant bunn gayaa thaa.
1945-1963.
lokpriya asantosh.
1940 key dashak key anta mein vipaksh mein seva karate hue, roodhivaadi party ney khaadya raashan, kamee, niyantran, tapasya aur sarvavyaapi sarkari naukarshahi parr badhate saarvajanik gusse kaa shoshan kiya aur uksaayaa. isane madhyam varg key samarthakon koo ekjut karane aur ack raajneetik vaapsee kaa nirmaan karane key liye shramik party kii samajwadi aur samtaavaadi neetiyon key saath asantosh kaa upayog kiya, jisane unhein 1951 key aam chunaav mein jeet dilaaee. unaki appeal grihiniyon key liye vishesh roop seey prabhaavi thee, jinhen yuddh key baad kharidari kii adhik kathin paristhitiyon kaa saamana karna padaa.
party kaa aadhunikikaran karna.
1947 mein, party ney apana audyogik charter prakaashit kiya, joe mishrit arthavyavastha aur shram adhikaaron parr "yuddh key baad kii aam sahamati" kii sweekriti koo chihnit kartaa haye. david maxwell fife ney roodhivaadi party sangathan mein ack samiti kii adhyakshata kii jisake parinamswarup maxwell fife report (1948-49) aaee. report mein party koo adhik dhana ugaahane kii aavashyakta thee, jisamen aim. pee. aiss. kii vividhata koo vyaapak banaane key iraade seey nirvaachan kshetra sanghon koo ummidvaaron seey badey daan kii maang karane seey manaa kiya gayaa thaa. vyavhaar mein, iska prabhaav nirvaachan kshetra key dalon koo adhik shakti dene aur ummidvaaron koo adhik samaan banaane kaa hoe sakata haye.
swayam koo punargathit karane mein roodhivaadi party kii safalata 1951 key aam chunaav mein usaki jeet seey maanya hui. party key netaa winston churchill ney iss sanstha key aadhunikikaran key liye party key ack adhyaksh koo shamil kiya. fredrick markis, 1st earl off woolen, ack safal department store key malik aur yuddhakaaleen khaadya mantri they. party key adhyaksh key roop mein, unhone sadasyata, dhana aur mahatvapurna muddon parr ack ekikrit rashtriya prachaar appeal parr jore dete hue sthaaniya sangathanon kaa punarnirmaan kiya. sambhaavit ummidvaaron key aadhar koo vyaapak banaane key liye, rashtriya party ney ummidvaaron koo vittiya sahaayata pradaan kii aur sthaaniya dhana jutaane mein sthaaniya sangathanon kii sahaayata kii. unlatan ney bayanbaji parr jore diyaa joe virodhiyon koo "shram" key bajaay "samajwadi" key roop mein darshaati thee. professor friedrich hayek key 1944 key sabse adhik bikane vaale "daasata key liye maarg" kaa udaarvaadi prabhaav yuva peedhi mein spasht thaa, lekin ise neeti prabhaav mein laane mein ack aur chauthai sadee lugg gaee. 1951 taka, madhyam varg mein shramikon kaa swaagat samaapt hoe gayaa thaa; isake gutt kadve roop seey ulajhe hue they. roodhivaadiyon ney phir seey shasson karane key liye taiyar mahsoos kiya.
1951 key aam chunaav mein ack sankeern jeet key saath, lokpriya vote khone key bavjood, churchill satta mein vaapas aaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki way teji seey umr badhane lagey they, lekin unaki rashtriya aur vaishvik pratishtha thee. raashan key alawa, joe 1954 mein samaapt hoe gayaa thaa, shram dwara adhiniyamit adhikansh kalyankari raajya koo roodhivaadiyon dwara sweekaar curr liya gayaa thaa aur yeh "yuddh key baad kii aam sahamati" kaa hissa bunn gayaa thaa, jise butscalism key roop mein vyangya kiya gayaa thaa aur joe 1970 key dashak taka chalaa. roodhivaadi sanghon key prati sulahakaari they, lekin unhone 1953 mein ispat aur sadak dhulai udyogon kaa nijikaran kiya. roodhivaadiyon key karyalaya mein terah saal key karyakal key dauran, pension vaastavik roop seey 49 pratishat, bimari aur berojgari laabh vaastavik roop seey 76 pratishat aur poorak laabh vaastavik roop seey 46 pratishat badh gaye. halanki, usa avadhi key dauran parivaar key bhatton mein vaastavik roop seey 15 pratishat kii girawat aaee.
"terah barbad varsh" roodhivaadi record 1951-1964 parr hamla karane vaalaa ack lokpriya naaraa thaa. aalochana mukhya roop seey shram seey aaee thee. isake alawa, samajwadi neetiyon key prati sahishnuta aur shramik sanghon kii kanuni shaktiyon parr ankush lagaane mein anichha key liye khud roodhivaadi party key dakshinpanthi paksh dwara hamale kiye gaye, iss prakaar unhein yuddh key baad kii aam sahamati mein shamil curr diyaa gayaa. alochakon kaa tark haye kii britten apane aarthik pratispardhiyon seey aage nickle gayaa thaa, aur vaha vetan-moolya mein vriddhi koo rokane mein asamarth thaa. itihaaskaar graham goodlad ney ack lamba drishtikon lene kaa ahwan kiya haye. unakaa tark haye kii parivahan, swaasthya seva aur uchch shiksha mein mahatvapurna pragati hui haye. yeh ummeed karna avaastavik hoga kii dwiteeya vishva yuddh aur bhaarat aur anya upaniveshon kii swatantrata key bhaari kharch key baad britten ack vishva shakti key roop mein jaari reh sakata haye. goodlad kaa kahana haye kii roodhivaadi videsh-neeti netritva ney ack swatantra paramanu kshamata kaa nirmaan karke aur vishva mamalon mein ack pramukh bhoomika banaae rakhate hue britten kii vishva bhoomika koo thheek seey samaayojit kiya, aur vaise bhee lagaatar sarkaaron ney shayed hii kabhi behtar kaam kiya.
roodhivaadiyon koo 1955 aur 1959 mein badee bahumat key saath phir seey chunaa gayaa. roodhivaadi pradhaanmantriyon churchill, anthany eden, harrold mcmillan aur alek dugglus-home ney 1950 aur 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein apekshaakrit udaar vyaapaar niyamon aur cumm raajya bhagidari koo badhaava diyaa. 1956 kaa suez sankat pradhaan mantri eeden key liye ack apmaanjanak haar thee, lekin unake uttaradhikari, mcmillan ney nuksan koo cumm kiya aur gharelu muddon aur samriddhi parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. mcmillan ney 1959 key aam chunaav key dauran daavaa kiya kii britten mein "kabhi bhee itna achchha naheen huaa thaa.
1958 mein, geophrey howay ney adalat key roodhivaadi sangh key satron dwara prakaashit "ack vishal shakti" kii report kaa saha-lekhan kiya. report mein tark diyaa gayaa kii sangh bahut shaktishali hoe gaye they aur unake kanuni visheshadhikaron koo cumm kiya jaanaa chaahiye. aaeen mcleod ney lekhakon koo report koo saarvajanik karane seey hatotsaahit kiya. mcmillan kaa maanana thaa kii trade union key maton ney 1951 aur 1955 kii jeet mein yogdan diyaa thaa aur unhone socha thaa kii "iss samarthan koo alag karane vaale kaanoon seey judee kissy bhee neeti koo apnana aksham hoga.
1963 kii shuruat mein europeeya aarthik samudaay (ee. ee. see.) mein shamil honey key liye mcmillan kii bolly koo francisi rashtrapati charles dee gaull ney avaruddh curr diyaa thaa. iss avadhi mein sanyukt raajya kaa ack pramukh vishva netaa key roop mein patan huaa, jisamen vyaavhaarik roop seey poore samrajya aur ack sust arthavyavastha kaa nuksan huaa.
herold mcmillan aur alek dugglus-home key chayan parr vivaad key baad, 'jaadoo key ghere' key roop mein jaani jaane vaali paramarsh kii prakriya key madhyam seey, ack aupchaarik chunaav prakriya banaai gaee aur 1965 mein pahala netritva chunaav aayojit kiya gayaa. teen ummidvaaron mein seey, edward heath ney 150 maton key saath jeet hassil kii, jabaki reginald modeling key 133 aur anoch powell key 15 mutt.
edward heath (1965-1975).
edward heath kii sarkaar yuu. key. koo ee. see. mein leey jaane key liye jaani jaati thee, halanki party key dakshinpanthi dalon ney usa samay trade yuniyanon koo niyantrit karane mein unaki viphalata parr apatti jataai jaba ack ghatate british udyog ney kaee hadataalen dekhi, saath hii saath mandee bhee joe 1973 mein shuru hui aur dou saal taka chully.
ee. ee. see. mein pravesh key baad seey, joe ee. yuu. mein vikasit huaa, british sadasyata roodhivaadi party key bheetar garamagaram bahas kaa srot rahee haye.
heath juuna 1970 mein satta mein aaya thaa aur agale aam chunaav kii antim sambhaavit tithi 1975 key madhya taka naheen thee. haalaanki khanikon kii hadtaal key kaaran rashtriya apatkal key dauran saarvajanik samarthan jeetane key liye farwari 1974 mein ack aam chunaav aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, iss "twarit" chunaav mein satta mein doosara karyakal jeetane kaa heath kaa prayaas whiffle rhaa, kyonki gatirodh key parinamswarup kissy bhee party key paas samagr bahumat naheen rhaa. roodhivaadiyon key paas shram kii tulanaa mein adhik vote they, lekin shram key paas chaar adhik seeten theen. gathbandhan sarkaar banaane key liye liberal party kaa samarthan hassil karane mein whiffle rahane key baad, unhone kuchh hii dinon key bheetar istifa dey diyaa, jisase harold willson aur shram key liye alpasankhyak sarkaar key roop mein satta mein lautane kaa maarg prashast huaa. varsh key anta mein satta mein lautane kii heath kii ummeeden taba samaapt hoe gaeen jaba shram ney octuber 1974 key chunaav mein teen seeton key kull bahumat key saath jeet hassil kii.
margaret thatcher (1975-1990).
satta key nuksan ney party parr heath key niyantran koo kamjor curr diyaa aur margaret hatcher ney unhein 1975 key netritva chunaav mein padchyut curr diyaa. 1970 key dashak mein britten mein uchch mudrasfeeti darein dekhi gaee theen, joe netritva chunaav key samay 20 pratishat seey adhik theen, baad mein 10 pratishat seey neeche aaa gaeen; berojgari badh gaee thee, aur 1978-79 kii sardiyon mein hadtaalon kii ack shrinkhala thee jise "asantosh kii sardi" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. thatcher ney 1979 key aam chunaav mein apani party koo ack ghoshanapatra key saath jeet dilaaee, joe neetiyon kii "kharidari soochi" prastut karane key bajaay party key darshan parr kendrit thaa.
pradhaanmantri key roop mein, charwah ney yuddh key baad kii aam sahamati key halke udaarvaad koo aswikar karane parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, joe rashtriyakaran, majboot shramik sanghon, bhaari viniyaman, uchch karon aur ack udaar kalyankari raajya koo sahan yaa protsaahit kartaa thaa. unhone rashtriya swaasthya seva koo chunauti naheen dee, aur aam sahamati kii sheet yuddh neetiyon kaa samarthan kiya, lekin anyatha ise samaapt karane aur avaidh banaane kii koshish kii. yuddh key baad kii purani aam sahamati koo badalane key liye, unhone ack dakshinpanthi raajneetik vichardhara kaa nirmaan kiya joe british aur americi buddhijiviyon jaise kii friedrich hayek aur milton friedman key samajik aur aarthik vichaaron parr adharit thicharvaad key roop mein jaani jaane luggy. thatcher kaa maanana thaa kii bahut adhik samajik roop seey loktaantrik-unmukh sarkari neeti british arthavyavastha mein deerghakaalik girawat kaa kaaran bunn rahee thee. parinamswarup, unaki sarkaar ney aarthik udaarvaad key ack karyakram koo apanaaya, saarvajanik swaamitva vaale udyogon aur upayogitaon kii bikri key aadhar parr saarvajanik sevaaon key liye ack mukt-bajar drishtikon apanaaya, saath hii saath trade union shakti mein kamee aaee. unakaa maanana thaa kii sanghon kii maujooda pravritti "jangli billi" hadtaalon koo lagu karke, majdoori koo kritrim roop seey adhik rakhate hue aur gair-laabhkaari udyogon koo khule rahane key liye majboor karke aarthik pragati koo ack thaharaav parr laa rahee thee.
thatcher kii sabse badee aur sabse safal neetiyon mein seey ack ney saarvajanik awas mein parishad key kiraayedaron koo anukool daron parr apane ghar khareedane mein sahaayata kii. khareedane kaa adhikaar" 1940 key dashak key anta mein ubhara thaa, lekin yuddh key baad kii aam sahamati key liye roodhivaadi samarthan jeetane key liye yeh bahut badee chunauti thee. rajneeti mein apane shuruati dinon seey hii iss vichaar kaa samarthan kiya kyonki yeh ack "sampatti-swaamitva vaale loktantra" kii or leey jaayega, ack mahatvapurna vichaar joe 1920 key dashak mein ubhara thaa. kuchh sthaaniya roodhivaadi-sanchaalit parishadon ney 1960 key dashak key anta mein laabhdaayak sthaaniya bikri yojanaon koo lagu kiya. 1970 key dashak taka, kaee shramik varg key logon key paas ghar khareedane key liye paryaapt aaya thee, aur unhone badey chhoot parr apane ghar khareedane key liye usa vyakti key nimantran koo utsukta seey apanaaya. nae maalikon key roodhivaadi koo vote dene kii adhik sambhavana thee, jaisa kii usa vyakti ney ummeed kii thee.
thatcher ney 1983 aur 1987 mein bhaari bahumat key saath roodhivaadiyon koo dou aur chunavi jeet dilaaee. 1982 key fockland yuddh mein unake netritva key liye unake samarthakon dwara unaki bahut prashansa kii gaee-joe unaki lokpriyata mein ack naatakiya badhaava key saath-aur aisee neetiyon key liye jaise kii parishad key kiraayedaron koo bajar moolya parr chhoot parr apana parishad kaa ghar khareedane kaa adhikaar denaa. uchch berojgari key kaaran samaaj key kuchh vargon mein vaha bahut alokpriya thee, joe 1930 key dashak key baad seey apane uchchatam star parr pahunch gaee, apane aarthik sudhaaron key baad logon kii sankhya mein sheersh parr thee, aur khanikon kii hadtaal key prati unaki pratikriya. 1979 aur 1982 key beach berojgari doguni hoe gaee thee, joe kaafee hudd taka mudrasfeeti key khilaf usa key mudrikaran kii ladaai key kaaran thee. 1979 key aam chunaav key samay, mudrasfeeti pichhale varsh key liye 9 pratishat yaa usase cumm thee, joe kii kalaghan key tahat cumm hui thee, phir charkha mantralaya key pahale dou varshon mein 20 pratishat seey adhik hoe gaee thee, lekin 1983 kii shuruat taka yeh phir seey girkar 5.8 pratishat hoe gaee thee (yeh 1990 taka 7 pratishat seey cumm bunny rahee). uttari samudri tail seey dhaara mein aaney vaali curr aaya seey british arthavyavastha koo pahale charkhi mantralaya mein laabh huaa.
1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein roodhivaadiyon kii alokpriyata kii avadhi laber party mein ack sankat key saath hui, jisane taba mukhya vipaksh kaa gathan kiya. soshal democratic party (aiss. dee. pee.) kii sthaapana 1981 mein hui thee aur isamen bees seey adhik alag hue shramik aim. pee. aiss. shamil they, jinhone jaldi hii liberal party key saath aiss. dee. pee.-liberal gathbandhan banaaya. 1982 key anta taka, aiss. dee. pee.-udaarvaadi gathbandhan janmat sarvekshanon mein roodhivaadiyon seey aage thaa, lekin usa varsh juuna mein british arthavyavastha mein sudhaar key saath, falkland yuddh mein jeet key saath, roodhivaadiyon koo jaldi seey janmat sarvekshan key sheersh parr lautate hue dekhaa gayaa aur 1983 kaa aam chunaav bhaari bahumat key saath jeetaa, ack vibhajit vipakshi vote key kaaran.
1983 key aam chunaav key baad, jaba michael phut ney laber party key netaa key roop mein istifa dey diyaa aur neel kinnock ney unakaa uttaradhikari banaa, tou abb usa vyakti koo yakinan, unake sabse gambhir pratidvandi kaa saamana karna padaa. ack nae netaa key netritva mein, shram spasht roop seey agale chunaav mein roodhivaadiyon koo haraane key liye dridh they, aur lagbhag poore thatcher key dusare mantralaya key liye, yeh ack bahut hii gambhir sambhavana lugg rahee thee, kyonki janmat sarvekshanon mein netritva mein lagaatar badalaav dekhaa gayaa thaa roodhivaadiyon seey shram mein, gathbandhan key saath kabhi-kabhi pahale sthaan parr aaa jaataa haye.
juuna 1987 mein aam chunaav key samay taka, arthavyavastha majboot thee, cumm mudrasfeeti aur girati berojgari key saath aur thatcher ney doosari, halanki cumm, bhaari bahumat key saath apani lagaatar teesari chunavi jeet hassil kii.
1989 mein samudayik shulk (jise isake virodhiyon dwara "chunaav curr" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) kii shuruat koo aksar unake raajneetik patan mein yogdan key roop mein uddhrit kiya jaataa haye. 1989 kii garmiyon mein 1986 key baad pahali baar janmat sarvekshanon mein neel kinnock key shram seey peechhe reh gaeen, aur unaki party kii lokpriyata mein girawat 1990 taka jaari rahee. usa varsh key dusare bhaag taka, janmat sarvekshanon seey pataa chala rhaa thaa kii shram roodhivaadiyon parr 16 ankon taka kii badhat rakhta thaa, aur aggar way kinnock kii pradhaanmantri banane kii mahatvakanksha koo vaastaviktaa banane seey rokna chaahte they tou unhein unase 18 maheene pahale kathin sthiti kaa saamana karna padaa. usee samay arthavyavastha ack aur mandee kii or badh rahee thee.
party key aantarik tanaavon key kaaran roodhivaadi saansad michael hesseltin dwara netritva kii chunauti dee gaee aur pradhaanmantri key roop mein apane bhavishya key baare mein maheenon kii atkalon key baad, unhone 28 navambar 1990 koo istifa dey diyaa, jisase party kii ekataa key hiton mein ack nae roodhivaadi netaa key agale aam chunaav jeetane kii adhik sambhavana bunn gaee.
johnn mejar (1990-1997).
johnn mejar ney 27 navambar 1990 koo party netritva kaa chunaav jeetaa, aur unaki niyukti ney roodhivaadi party key bhaagya mein lagbhag tatkaal vriddhi kii. shrimati thatcher key istife seey chhah dinn pahale ack morry sarvekshan mein roodhivaadiyon koo shram seey 11 ank peechhe dikhaaya gayaa thaa, lekin dou maheene key bheetar roodhivaadiyon ney ack sankeern badhat key saath janmat sarvekshan key sheersh parr laut aae they.
agale athaarah maheenon key bheetar ack aam chunaav honah thaa aur britten kii arthavyavastha mandee kii or badh rahee thee, lekin 1991 chunavi anishchitata kaa ack varsh thaa kyonki roodhivaadiyon aur shramikon ney niyamit roop seey janmat sarvekshanon key sheersh parr sthaanon kii adla-badali kii, aur pramukh ney neel kinnock key kaee ahvaanon kaa virodh kiya.
chunaav aakhirkaar 9 aprail 1992 koo aayojit kiya gayaa thaa aur roodhivaadiyon ney lagaatar chauthi chunavi jeet hassil kii, bhale hii arthavyavastha abhee bhee mandee mein thee aur adhikansh chunaavon mein yaa tou ack sankeern shram jeet yaa ack trishanku sansad kii bhavishyavani kii gaee thee. mejar kaa jordar abhiyaan, vishesh roop seey unakaa daavaa kii britten mein ack shram sarkaar key tahat adhik keematen aur uchch curr honge, unaki chunaav jeet key liye mahatvapurna dekhaa gayaa thaa (jisamen vaha pahale-aur 2015 taka, kewal-ack aam chunaav mein 14,000,000 vote aakarshit karane vaale pradhaan mantri baney), jaisa kii akhbar "dha sunn" dwara shram netaa neel kinnock key khilaf ack hyee-profile abhiyaan thaa, jinhone chunaav key baad johnn smith dwara uttaradhikari banane key liye istifa dey diyaa thaa. roodhivaadi party ney aapravaasan key mudde koo bhee chhuaa, yeh daavaa karate hue kii shram key tahat, aapravaasan bahut badhega.
britten kii arthavyavastha iss star taka mandee mein dooby hui thee aur varsh key anta taka aisee hii rahee. pound sterling koo 16 sitambar 1992 koo europeeya vinimay darr tantra seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisake ack dinn baad ise "kaalaa budhwar" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa.
isake turant baad, lagbhag duss laakh gharwalon koo mandee key dauran apane gharon key punarnivesh kaa saamana karna padaa, jisamen berojgari mein tej vriddhi dekhi gaee, jisase yeh 3,000,000 logon key karib pahunch gayaa. party ney baad mein achche vittiya prabandhan key liye apani pratishtha kaa bahut hissa khou diyaa, halanki mandee key anta kii ghoshana aprail 1993 mein kii gaee thee, jisase aarthik sudhaar huaa aur berojgari mein girawat aaee.
1994 seey 1997 taka, pramukh nijikrit british rail, ise niji kshetra dwara sanchaalit franchisee mein vibhajit curr diyaa gayaa. isaki safalata parr garmagarm bahas hoe rahee haye, jisamen yaatriyon kii sankhya mein badee vriddhi aur network mein nivesh subsidy key star key baare mein chintaon seey santulit haye. british rail kii tulanaa mein train key kiraaye adhik hain.
party aantarik vibhajan aur andaruni kalah seey grast thee, mukhya roop seey europeeya sangh mein britten kii bhoomika koo laker. party key euroseptic wing, jiska pratinidhitva johnn redwood jaise aim. pee. aiss. ney kiya, ney aage key europeeya ekikaran kaa virodh kiya, jabaki party key europeeya samarthak wing, jiska pratinidhitva sarkari khajaane key kuladhipati keneth clark jaise logon ney kiya, vyaapak roop seey sahayak thaa. ekal europeeya mudra key nirmaan key mudde ney bhee tanaav koo badhaa diyaa, aur yeye 2000 key dashak kii shuruat (dashak) taka party koo pareshan karate rahey.
mejar koo 1995 mein redwood dwara netritva kii chunauti seey bhee bachana padaa, joe taba wells key raajya sachiv they. mejar butch gayaa, lekin redwood koo mps seey 89 vote mille, saath hii "sunn" akhbar kaa samarthan bhee milaa, jisane chayan koo "redwood yaa deadwood" key beach honey key roop mein varnit kiya. isase roodhivaadi party mein pramukh key prabhaav koo aur cumm kiya gayaa.
roodhivaadi sarkaar parr bhee media mein "ashlilata" kaa aarop lagaaya jaa rhaa thaa. laber party key netaa johnn smith kii achaanak mrityu aur unake uttaradhikari key roop mein tonny blair key chunaav key baad, jaba janmat sarvekshanon mein laber koo 60 pratishat taka vote mille aur roodhivaadiyon seey lagbhag 30 ankon kii badhat hassil hui, tou 1994 key anta mein unakaa samarthan apane sabse nichale star parr pahunch gayaa. agale dou varshon mein shram kii badhat dheere-dheere cumm hoe gaee, kyonki roodhivaadiyon koo majboot aarthik sudhaar aur berojgari mein girawat key liye kuchh shreya milaa. lekin 1997 key aam chunaav key roop mein, unake uchch-profile nae shram, nae khatare key abhiyaan key bavjood, yeh abhee bhee nishchit lugg rhaa thaa kii shram jeet jaayega.
laber party dwara ack prabhaavi vipakshi abhiyaan 1997 mein roodhivaadiyon key liye ack bhaari haar mein samaapt huaa joe laber kii abb taka kii sabse badee sansadiya jeet thee aur 91 saal pahale 1906 key aam chunaav key baad seey roodhivaadiyon key liye sabse buri haar thee. 1997 key aam chunaav ney roodhivaadi party koo kewal ingland kii party key roop mein chhod diyaa, jisamen sabhi scotish aur velsh seeten khou gaee theen, aur kaheen bhee ack bhee naee seat naheen jeeti thee.
raajneetik jangal (1997-2005).
villium hegg.
johnn mejar ney party key netaa key roop mein istifa dey diyaa jaba roodhivaadiyon koo bhuskhalan mein bhaari haar kaa saamana karna padaa aur villium hegg dwara unakaa uttaradhikari banaaya gayaa. halanki hegg ack majboot vaktaa thaa, lekin "dainik telegraph" key liye ack sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii dou-tihai matdaataon ney usey "thodaa saa ack gully" maanaa, unake daave key liye kii unhone apani yuvavastha mein ack hii dinn mein 14 pint bear pee. pahaadi carnival mein bhaag lene aur saarvajanik roop seey baseball topi pahanane key liye unaki aalochana kii gaee thee, jise yuva matdaataon koo aakarshit karane key kharaab prayason key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. 2001 key aam chunaav seey kuchh samay pahale, hegg koo ack bhaashan key liye bahut badnam kiya gayaa thaa jisamen unhone bhavishyavani kii thee kii ack punah nirvaachit shram sarkaar britten koo "videshi bhoomi" mein badal degi. bee. bee. see. ney yeh bhee bataaya kii roodhivaadi sahakarmi johnn lord teller ney ack roodhivaadi saansad johnn townand seey chabuk naheen hataane key liye hegg kii aalochana kii, baad mein ack bhaashan diyaa jisamen unhone kahaa kii british "ack mongrel jaati" bunn rahey they, halanki hegg ney townand key vichaaron koo aswikar curr diyaa.
2001 key aam chunaav key parinamswarup roodhivaadi party key liye kewal ack seat kaa shuddh laabh huaa, sitambar 2000 key eendhan virodh key kuchh maheenon baad roodhivaadiyon ney janmat sarvekshanon mein shram parr sankshipt roop seey ack sankeern badhat lii thee.
ian dunken smith aur michael howard.
2001 mein, ian dunken smith koo roodhivaadi party kaa netaa chunaa gayaa. haalaanki dunken smith ack majboot euroseptic thaa, lekin iss mudde ney unake netritva koo paribhaashit naheen kiya. unake karyakal key dauran, europe party mein vibhajan kaa mudda naheen rhaa kyonki yeh prastaavit europeeya sangh key samvidhaan parr janmat sangrah key liye ekjut thaa.
haalaanki, isase pahale kii vaha party koo aam chunaav mein netritva dey sakein, dunken smith ney aim. pee. aiss. dwara avishvaas prastaav parr vote khou diyaa, jinhone mahsoos kiya kii party unake netritva mein sarkaar mein vaapas naheen aaegi. yeh roodhivaadi samarthan key bavjood thaa joe netritva seey unake prasthaan seey pahale key maheenon mein shram key barabar thaa.
michael howard taba 6 navambar 2003 koo nirvirodh netritva key liye khade hue.
2005 key aam chunaav mein haward key netritva mein, roodhivaadi party ney apane kull vote share mein lagbhag 0.7% (32.4% taka) aur-adhik mahatvapurna roop seey-unaki sansadiya seeton kii sankhya mein 33 (198 seeton taka) kii vriddhi kii. iss laabh key saath shram mutt mein badee girawat aaee, aur chunaav ney shram kaa bahumat 167 seey ghataakar 68 curr diyaa aur vote kaa iska hissa 35.2% hoe gayaa. abhiyaan, "kyaa aap soch rahey hain kii humm kyaa soch rahey hain?", australiyai polster linton crossby dwara design kiya gayaa thaa. chunaav key agale dinn, 6 maee koo, howard ney ghoshana kii kii unhein aam chunaav mein haar key baad netaa key roop mein baney rehna sahee naheen lagaa, yeh bhee kahate hue kii vaha party koo ack aur abhiyaan mein leey jaane key liye bahut boodhe hoe jaayenge aur isaliye party koo apane netritva niyamon mein sanshodhan karane key liye samay dene key baad pada chhod denge.
david cameron (2005-2016).
david cameron ney 2005 kaa netritva chunaav jeetaa. cameron ney apane nikatatam pratidvandi david davis koo dou seey ack key antar seey haraaya, 134,446 maton seey 64,398 key mukabale adhik maton seey. phir unhone roodhivaadiyon koo sudhaarne aur phir seey sangathit karane key apane iraade kii ghoshana karate hue kahaa kii unhein apane halia kattar dakshinpanthi munch key vipareet adhik kendra-dakshinpanthi rukh kii vakaalat karate hue, unake dikhane, mahsoos karane, sochane aur vyavhaar karane key tareeke koo badalane kii aavashyakta haye. cameron key vichaar party kii sadasyata key baain or thode they aur unhone yuva, samajik roop seey udaar matdaataon key liye roodhivaadi brand koo adhik aakarshak banaane kii maang kii, unhone margaret thatcher key liye apani prashansa bhee vyakt kii haye, khud koo "thatcher kaa badaa prashansak" bataaya haye, halanki vaha sawal karate hain kii kyaa yeh unhein "thaturite" banaata haye. 2006 key adhikansh aur 2007 key pahale chhamaahi key liye, sarvekshanon ney roodhivaadiyon key liye shram parr badhat dikhaai.
2007 kii garmiyon mein pradhaan mantri key roop mein gorden braun key pravesh key saath chunaav adhik asthir hoe gaye, halanki usa varsh octuber key baad aur maee 2008 taka, britten kii arthavyavastha 1992 key baad seey apani pahali mandee mein khisak jaane key saath, chunaavon ney roodhivaadiyon koo badhat dee. boris johnson dwara shram paddhari, caine livingstone koo haraane key baad roodhivaadiyon ney maee 2008 mein pahali baar landan key mahapour pada parr niyantran hassil kiya.
janmat sarvekshanon mein roodhivaadi badhat lagbhag teen varshon seey lagbhag atoot thee jaba britten antatah 6 maee 2010 koo chunaav mein gayaa, halanki 2010 key anta key baad seey adhikansh chunaavon mein roodhivaadi badhat koo 10 ankon seey cumm dikhaaya gayaa thaa. chunaav key parinamswarup ack trishanku sansad bunny, jisamen roodhivaadiyon key paas sabse adhik seeten (306) theen, lekin kull milakar bahumat seey bees seeten cumm theen. gorden braun key istife key baad, cameron koo desh kaa nayaa pradhaan mantri naamit kiya gayaa, aur roodhivaadiyon ney udaar loktantriyon key saath gathbandhan mein sarkaar mein pravesh kiya-yuddh key baad kii pahali gathbandhan sarkaar.
maee 2014 mein, europeeya sansadiya chunaavon mein roodhivaadiyon koo haraaya gayaa, joe yuke swatantrata party aur shram key peechhe teesare sthaan parr aae. yuu. key. pee. 24 aim. ee. pee., laber 20 aur roodhivaadiyon 19 key saath samaapt huaa. parinam koo yuu. key. pee. netaa nigel faraz ney cameron aur anya mukhya dalon key netaaon key liye "vinashkari" key roop mein varnit kiya.
sitambar 2014 mein, sanghwadi paksh, joe shram key saath-saath roodhivaadi party aur udaarvaadi loktantravadiyon dwara samarthit thaa, ney scotland kii swatantrata janmat sangrah mein 55 pratishat naheen seey 45 pratishat haan seey jeet hassil kii, iss sawal parr kii "scotland koo ack swatantra desh honah chaahiye". ise british sanghwad kii jeet key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, joe paaramparik roodhivaadi vichardhara kaa ack mukhya hissa haye, aur maujooda pradhaan mantri key roop mein cameron key liye bhee.
2015 key aam chunaav mein, roodhivaadiyon ney house off commons mein bahumat seeten jeetin aur cameron key tahat bahumat sarkaar banaai. party ney apane rashtriya vote share mein vriddhi kii, 1900 key baad seey aisaa karane vaali pahali party bunn gaee. parinam apratyaashit thaa aur party netritva kii apekshaon seey bhee adhik thaa, kyonki adhikansh chunaavon mein trishanku sansad kii bhavishyavani kii gaee thee. 1992 key baad seey yeh pahala aam chunaav bhee thaa jisamen roodhivaadiyon ney samagr bahumat hassil kiya thaa, halanki 36.9% kaa vote share thatcher aur mejar key tahat pichhali chaar roodhivaadi bahumat sarkaaron kii tulanaa mein cumm thaa. march 2017 mein, party parr £70,000 kaa jurmana lagaaya gayaa, joe british raajneetik itihas mein iss tarah kaa sabse badaa jurmana thaa, ack chunaav aayog kii jaanch mein party dwara apane 2015 key aam chunaav abhiyaan kharch kii report karane mein "mahatvapurna viphalata" paaee gaee.
24 juuna 2016 kii subah, cameron ney europeeya sangh mein rahane key liye british janata koo manaane mein whiffle rahane key baad, pradhaanmantri key roop mein istifa dene key apane iraade kii ghoshana kii, aur baad mein roodhivaadi party key netritva key chunaav kii ghoshana theresa meey, michael gove, stephen crab, liam fox aur andrea leadsom key saath kii gaee, joe boris johnson key saath khud koo prakriya seey baahar karane key saath unake uttaradhikari honey key aadhikarik daavedaron key roop mein pushti kii gaee. jaba kraab vaapas leey liya gayaa, tou lomdi aur phir gove koo roodhivaadi aim. pee. aiss. dwara lagaatar matpatron mein samaapt curr diyaa gayaa, jisase pramukh pada reh gayaa aur vyaapak roodhivaadi party kii sadasyata key saamane antim ummidvaaron key roop mein rakhaa jaa sakata haye. leadom baad mein 11 julaai koo pratiyogita seey hutt gayaa.
theresa (2016-2019) hoe sakata haye.
11 julaai 2016 koo, theresa apane ekmatra shesh pratidvandi, andrea leadom key netritva chunaav seey hatane key baad tatkaal prabhaav seey roodhivaadi party kii netaa bunn sakati haye. 13 julaai 2016 koo united kingdam key pradhaanmantri niyukt kiye jaane parr, way samajik sudhaar aur roodhivaadi party aur usaki sarkaar key liye ack adhik madhyamaargi raajneetik drishtikon kaa vaadaa curr sakate hain. unaki niyukti key baad ack bhaashan mein, party key naam parr sanghwadi shabd parr jore diyaa jaa sakata haye, joe "ingland, scotland, wells aur uttari ireland key beach bahumulya, bahumulya bandhan" kii yaad dilaata haye. khud koo ack rashtra roodhivaadi maan sakate hain.
maee kii praarambhik cabinet niyuktiyon koo "madhyamaargi aur sulahakaari" donon key roop mein vyakhya kii gaee thee, joe europeeya sangh chhodane key liye britten key vote key maddenajar party koo phir seey ekjut karane kaa ack prayaas thaa, aur "abhibhaavak" key anusaar "daaeen or ack badalaav" key roop mein.
landan key poorv mahapour boris johnson koo videsh sachiv, oorjaa aur jalavaayu parivartan key liye raajya key poorv sachiv ember rudd koo grih sachiv key roop mein aur poorv chhaaya grih sachiv david davis koo brexit sachiv key nae banaae gaye karyalaya mein niyukt kiya jaa sakata haye. liam fox aur phillip hammond, jinhone pahale raksha key liye raajya sachiv (2010 seey 2011 taka aur 2011 seey 2014 taka hammond) key roop mein kaary kiya thaa, koo kramshah antarrashtriya vyaapaar sachiv key nae banaae gaye karyalaya aur sarkari khajaane key kuladhipati key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
michael gove kii jagah, liz trus koo nyaay sachiv banaaya gayaa, "bhoomika key hazaar saal key itihas mein pahali mahila lord chansler".
andrea leadsom, joe oorjaa mantri they aur party netaa key liye maee key praathamik pratiyogi they, koo nayaa paryaavaran sachiv banaaya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, uttari ireland key poorv sachiv theresa villiers ney unhein ack alag, gair-cabinet pada kii peshkash karane key baad cabinet seey istifa dey diyaa, joe kii unhone kahaa, "aisaa naheen thaa jise main mahsoos curr sakata thaa. pahale maee mantralaya mein lagbhag aadhi mahilaaen theen.
apane pahale bhaashan mein, british samaaj mein "jalate anyaay" kaa mukabala karane aur "hamaare sabhi nagrikon key beach" ack sangh banaane kaa vaadaa kiya jaa sakata haye aur "samanya shramik-varg parivaar" key liye ack adhivakta banane kaa vaadaa kiya jaa sakata haye, naa kii kewal "kuchh visheshaadhikaar praapt logon" key liye.
aprail 2017 mein, mantrimandal 8 juuna koo aam chunaav karaane parr sahmat huaa. parinami abhiyaan key dauran, theresa ney matdaataon seey brexit vaarta mein "meraa haath majboot karane" key liye kahaa, "rashtriya hita mein majboot aur sthir netritva" kaa vaadaa kiya aur dushman corbyn key tahat "arajakta key gathbandhan" kii chetavani dee.
usa samay key janmat sarvekshan key vipareet, chunaav key parinamswarup ack trishanku sansad bunny, jisamen roodhivaadi party key paas house off commons mein 317 seeten theen, lekin samagr bahumat key binaa. loktaantrik sanghwadi party ney sujhaav diyaa kii vaha baatchit key aadhar parr vishvaas aur aapoorti vyavastha pradaan karane mein saksham hogi. 9 juuna 2017 koo, dhokhebaaz key samarthan seey ack naee alpasankhyak sarkaar banaane key apane iraade kii ghoshana curr sakati haye, jise 26 juuna koo antim roop diyaa gayaa thaa.
8 janwari 2018 koo, adhikansh mantriyon koo jagah dete hue, lekin dusaron koo badhaava dete hue, apane pahale badey mantrimandal ferbadal kii ghoshana curr sakati hain.
maee 2018 mein, roodhivaadi party parr islamophobia parr kaarravaai karane mein whiffle rahane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa joe kathit roop seey party mein hoe rhaa thaa.
farwari 2019 mein, teen roodhivaadi aim. pee. aiss.-heidy elen, saaraa wollston aur enaa saubari-laber party key saat poorv sadasyon dwara sthaapit aim. pee. aiss. key ack samarthak raajneetik sangh, swatantra samooh mein shamil honey key liye party seey alag hoe gaye. aim. pee. aiss. ney kahaa kii unake jaane key kaaran party key brexit seey nipatane kaa unakaa virodh thaa, jise unhone 'dakshinpanthi' dwara roodhivaadi party key adhigrahan key roop mein dekhaa... kathor virodhi eu 'mps, aur' samaaj mein sabse kamjor 'key liye roodhivaadi party seey chinta kii kamee.
7 juuna koo bhoomika chhodane key iraade seey 24 maee 2019 koo roodhivaadi party key netritva seey apane istife kii ghoshana curr sakate hain. haalaanki, vaha taba taka pradhaanmantri raheen jaba taka kii party dwara uttaradhikari kaa chunaav naheen kiya gayaa.
23 julaai 2019 koo apane uttaradhikari boris johnson key nirvaachit honey key baad theresa 24 julaai 2019 koo pradhaanmantri key roop mein istifa dey sakati hain. vaha maidenhead key sansadiya nirvaachan kshetra key liye sansad kii sadasya key roop mein bunny raheen aur disambar key aam chunaav mein backbancher key roop mein aage key karyakal key liye phir seey chunaav jeeti.
boris johnson (2019-2022).
julaai 2019 mein, poorv videsh sachiv aur landan key meyer boris johnson ney videsh sachiv jeremi hunt koo haraaya, jisamen roodhivaadi party key sadasyon key antim matpatra mein 66 pratishat vote mille, aur way roodhivaadi party key netaa baney. agale dinn way pradhaanmantri baney.
johnson ney 3 sitambar 2019 koo house off commons mein apana kaary bahumat khou diyaa jaba poorv nyaay mantri phillip lii ney liberal democrates mein shamil honey key liye johnson key bhaashan key dauran sadan koo paar kiya, baad mein yeh bataate hue kii unakaa maanana thaa kii roodhivaadi party "loklubhavanvad aur angreji raashtravaad kii dohri beemariyon seey sankramit thee. usee dinn, sarkari khajaane key poorv kuladhipati phillip hammond ney ghoshana kii kii vaha "ankarmiyon aur praveshkartaon" key khilaf apani party kaa bachaav karenge, jise kuchh logon ney johnson key salaahkaar dominic cummings kaa ullekh karate hue maanaa. usee dinn baad mein, 21 roodhivaadi aim. pee. aiss. ney vipaksh key saath matdan karane key baad roodhivaadi whip koo vaapas leey liya, taaki house off commons koo apane order pepper parr niyantran diyaa jaa sakey, jisase johnson apana pahala aam vote khone vaale pahale pradhaan mantri bunn gaye.
aam sabhaa mein baad key maton ney bayne adhiniyam key paarit honey koo prabhaavit kiya, jise pradhaan mantri johnson ney vivadaspad roop seey 'aatmasamarpan adhiniyam' kahaa. adhiniyam key anusaar pradhaanmantri koo anuchhed 50 key aupchaarik vistaar kaa anurodh karna aavashyak thaa yadi 19 octuber 2019 taka sansad dwara ack nae vaapsee samjhaute koo manjuri naheen dee gaee thee. 17 octuber koo europeeya sangh key saath ack sanshodhit vaapsee samjhaute (wa) parr sahamati honey key baad, sarkaar ney 19 octuber koo ack durlabh shaniwar kii baithak mein house off commons key samaksh ack prastaav rakhaa. iss prastaav ney sanshodhit adhiniyam key liye anumodan kaa anurodh kiya, taaki bain adhiniyam santusht hoe gayaa hoga aur anuchhed 50 key vistaar kii kanuni roop seey aavashyakta naheen hogi. prastaav mein ack sanshodhan paarit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen sansad dwara sabhi aavashyak kaanoon paarit honey taka doubleu. aeye. kii aupchaarik manjuri koo roque diyaa gayaa thaa. agale saptah, poorna nikasi samjhauta vidheyak (doubleu. aeye. bee.) pesh kiya gayaa. ise doosara paath paarit kiya gayaa, lekin sarkaar dwara pesh kiye gaye vidheyak key liye karyakram prastaav koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa. iska matlab yeh thaa kii 31 octuber koo europeeya sangh (ee. yuu.) seey kanuni roop seey baahar nikalane key liye united kingdam koo anumati dene key liye kaanoon koo samay parr paarit karane kii koee guaranti naheen thee. johnson ney iss tarikh taka europeeya sangh seey "binaa kissy aaee. aff. aiss. key, lekin mabs key" ack pramukh pratigya kii thee joe roodhivaadi party key netritva key liye unake abhiyaan key dauran thee.
johnson ney turant taba koo roque diyaa, aur phir aam chunaav karaane kaa ahwan kiya. unhone apana vichaar spasht curr diyaa kii sansad thee...brexit dene seey incar karna. kaanoon banaana asambhav haye. yeh samay haye, spasht roop seey, vipaksh ney hamaare saamoohik boss key faisale key liye khud koo prastut karane key liye tantrika koo bulaaya, joe kii yuke haye."nishchit avadhi sansad adhiniyam key praavdhaanon key tahat chunaav bulaane key liye sabhi saansad key dou-tihai kaa aavashyak samarthan praapt karane mein whiffle rahane key baad, sarkaar ney ack chhote seey vidheyak koo paarit karane key apane iraade kaa sanket diyaa, jisamen iss tarah key chunaav aayojit karane key liye kewal sadharan bahumat kii aavashyakta hoti haye. praarambhik sansadiya aam chunaav adhiniyam 29 octuber 2019 koo paarit kiya gayaa thaa aur nirdisht kiya gayaa thaa kii ack aam chunaav 12 disambar 2019 koo honah thaa. iss chunaav key parinamswarup johnson key roodhivaadiyon ney house off commons mein 80 seeton kaa bahumat jeetaa, joe unake 2017 key parinam mein ack mahatvapurna sudhaar thaa, aur vaastav mein 1987 key baad seey party kaa sabse badaa bahumat thaa. party ney kaee nirvaachan kshetron mein jeet hassil kii, vishesh roop seey uttari ingland mein, lekin midlands aur north wells (aksar laber kii laal deewaar kahaa jaataa haye) mein bhee, kii party ney yaa tou pahale kabhi naheen jeetaa thaa yaa kaee dashakon mein ack bhaari bahumat naheen banaaya thaa. inn parinamon ney united kingdam aur videshon donon mein kaee raajneetik vishleshakon kii tippaniyon koo prerit kiya kii johnson key tahat roodhivaadiyon ney kamkaji varg key matdaataon key liye apani appeal koo vyaapak banaa diyaa thaa, vishesh roop seey una logon key beach jinhone brexit key liye matdan kiya thaa. johnn mejar key pradhaan mantri key roop mein europeeya sangh kii british sadasyata key mudde parr pahale vibhajit honey key baad, roodhivaadiyon ney johnson key tahat ack spasht pro-brexit line koo apanaaya.
20 disambar 2019 koo, aim. pee. aiss. ney europeeya sangh seey vaapas lene key liye ack samjhauta paarit kiya, united kingdam aupchaarik roop seey 31 janwari 2020 koo raat 11 baje ravaana huaa. yeh ack sankraman kaal shuru huaa, jisamen britten aur europeeya sangh key beach samjhaute 31 disambar 2020 taka samaan rahenge.
johnson ney covid-19 mahamari key prati britten kii pratikriya kii adhyakshata kii. johnson ney shuru mein lockdown upaayon koo lagu karane seey roque diyaa, isake bajaay naram salah dene aur kamjor samoohon kii raksha karane kaa vikalp chunaa. badhati mrityu darr aur aspatal mein bharti honey kii darr key saath, johnson ney baad mein 23 march 2020 koo ack rashtriya lockdown lagu karane kaa faisala kiya. johnson ney khud iss avadhi key dauran coronavirus pakada, aur 7 aprail koo unhein ack gahan dekhbhal ikai mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. dominic raab, jinhen raajya kaa pratham sachiv niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, koo johnson key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, jaba vaha beemar thaa. johnson baad mein apani bimari seey uber gaye aur 27 aprail koo kaam parr laut aae. poore maee seey julaai taka, ingland mein covid-19 pratibandhon mein dheel denaa shuru hoe gayaa.
johnson koo maee 2020 mein dominic cummings ghotale seey nipatane key liye aalochana millie, jisamen johnson key mukhya salaahkaar dominic cummings parr covid-19 key lakshnon kaa anubhav karate hue landan seey county durham kii yatra karke lockdown niyamon koo todane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. johnson ney cummings key karyon kaa bachaav kiya aur unhein barkhast karane seey incar curr diyaa.
2020 kii sardiyon key dauran coronavirus kii ghatnaaon mein mahatvapurna vriddhi key saath, johnson ney shrenibaddh pratibandhon kii ack pranali lagu kii, jisamen poore ingland key kshetron mein kshetra mein mamalon kii sankhya key aadhar parr pratibandhon key vibhinn star honge. kuchh logon ney iss yojana kii aalochana kii kii yeh aprabhaavi haye, kuchh logon ney sujhaav diyaa kii uttari ingland key kshetron mein sakht lockdown lagaaya jaa rhaa haye, jisase uttar-dakshin vibhajan badh rhaa haye. johnson ney phir seey dusare sakht lockdown kii adhyakshata kii, shuru mein 20 disambar koo landan aur dakshin poorv parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, dou saptah baad poore desh mein delta sanskaran key udbhav key kaaran. lockdown covid-19 vaccine kii manjuri aur roll-out key saath huaa, jisamen roll-out kii gati key liye kuchh prashansa kii gaee. julaai 2021 mein sabhi kanuni pratibandh hataa liye gaye they.
2021 key anta seey, johnson koo partigate ghotale key liye bhaari saarvajanik pratikriya millie, jisamen sarkaar key vibhinn varishth sadasyon, sahyogiyon aur cabinet karyalaya key karmchaariyon koo lockdown key dauran partiyon aur anya sabhaon koo aayojit karate hue chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. metropolitan pulis ney inn daavon kii jaanch kii aur antatah aprail 2022 mein lockdown niyamon koo todane key liye johnson parr jurmana lagaaya. laber party key netaa kiir starmer aur scotland aur wells key pahale mantriyon sahit pramukh vipakshi hastiyon key coll koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa kii johnson koo partigate key parinamswarup istifa denaa thaa. julaai 2022 mein, johnson ney apane khilaf yaun hamale key aaropon seey avagat rahate hue criss pincture koo upa mukhya sachetak key roop mein niyukt karane kii baat sweekaar kii aur maafi maangi. isake saath-saath party gett aur johnson dwara jeevan yapan kii laagat key sankat seey nipatane parr badhati aalochanaon key parinamswarup party key kaee sadasyon ney netaa key roop mein johnson mein vishvaas khou diyaa, aur mantrimandal seey badey paimaane parr istife dey diye; isake kaaran johnson ney 7 julaai koo roodhivaadi party key netaa aur pradhaan mantri key roop mein apane istife kii ghoshana kii.
liz trus (2022).
julaai 2022 key united kingdam sarkaar key sankat key baad, boris johnson ney pradhaanmantri key roop mein istifa dey diyaa.
party key netaa key roop mein boris johnson key uttaradhikari kii pushti netritva chunaav key baad 5 sitambar koo lease trus key roop mein hui thee. unhone party key sadasyon key antim matpatra key 57.4% key saath rishi sunak koo haraaya. agale dinn way pradhaanmantri baneen.
maharani elizabeth dwiteeya kii mrityu trus key pradhaan mantri pada key dou dinn baad hii hui, jisase trus raani dwara niyukt antim pradhaan mantri bunn gaye. isake baad key shoke kaal key dauran, trus raajaa charles III seey mille aur desh bhar mein vibhinn smaran sevaaon key daure parr unake saath gaye.
trusonomics naamak ack ranneeti mein, trus ney jeevan yapan kii laagat sankat key jawab mein neetiyaan pesh keen, jinamen curr katauti, oorjaa bilon parr moolya seema aur unhein bhugtan karane mein sarkaar kii madad shamil haye. haalaanki, unaki curr katauti kii kadee aalochana hui kyonki curr kii sheersh 45 pratishat darr koo hataane aur rashtriya beema mein vriddhi koo radd karane key madhyam seey curr mein katauti kii peshkash key kaaran, unhone uchch kamai karane vaalon koo bahut adhik laabh pahunchaaya. trus aur unake kuladhipati kwasi quarteng key karyon parr baajaron ney kharaab pratikriya vyakt kii. 26 sitambar koo 'mini-bajat' kii ghoshana key baad, pound dollar key mukabale 1.13 key record nichale star parr gir gayaa, aur yuke sarkaar kii gilt paidawar 4.3% taka badh gaee, jisase baink off ingland koo ack aapaatkaaleen bonned-khareed karyakram shuru karane key liye prerit kiya gayaa. janata, laber party aur khud roodhivaadi party seey ninda praapt hui aur curr kii sheersh darr koo cumm karane sahit bajat key kuchh pahaluon koo radd curr diyaa gayaa. aalochana key jawab mein, trus ney quarteng koo nikaal diyaa aur jermi hunt koo kuladhipati niyukt kiya. vaha kaee sakshatkaron mein bhee dikhaai deen, jinamen seey ack bbc key saath thaa, jisamen unhone apane pradhaan mantri pada key pahale hafton mein kii gaee 'galatiyon' key liye maafi maangi thee. tory backbench mein unake khilaf lagaatar pratikriya key baad, trus ney karyalaya mein kewal 44 dinon key baad 20 octuber 2022 koo pradhaanmantri key roop mein apane lambit istife kii ghoshana kii. yeh british raajneetik itihas mein sabse chhota karyakal haye, jisane george canning key pichhale 119 dinon key record koo toda diyaa, jaba unaki mrityu karyalaya mein hui thee.
trus ney roodhivaadi party koo mille sabse kharaab matdan kaa bhee nireekshan kiya-trus key istife key turant baad laber party kaa saat divasiya matdan ausat 23 sitambar koo 41 pratishat seey 54 pratishat badh gayaa, jisamen roodhivaadiyon kaa ausat 33 pratishat seey girkar 21 pratishat hoe gayaa. 
rishi sunak (2022-vartamaan).
ack aur netritva chunaav trus key istife key baad shuru huaa, jisamen namankan kii seema 100 kii badhee aur 28 octuber seey pahale samaapan karane kaa vaadaa kiya gayaa, jisamen rishi sunak aur penny mordant ney apani ummidwari ghoshit kii. boris johnson seey vyaapak roop seey vaapsee kaa prayaas karane kii ummeed kii jaa rahee thee, lekin yeh daavaa karate hue kii unake paas daud mein pravesh karane key liye paryaapt samarthan thaa, 23 octuber koo khud koo baahar curr diyaa. 24 octuber koo, mordant netritva kii daud seey baahar hoe gaye, aur sunak koo netaa ghoshit kiya gayaa-jisamen sunak roodhivaadiyon key pahale british asiai netaa aur pahale british asiai pradhaan mantri they.
neetiyaan.
aarthik neeti.
roodhivaadi party kaa maanana haye kii ack mukt bajar aur vyaktigat upalabdhi aarthik samriddhi key peechhe praathamik kaarak hain.
roodhivaadiyon dwara samarthit ack pramukh aarthik siddhant aapoorti-paksh arthshastra haye. iss siddhant kaa maanana haye kii cumm aaya curr daron seey vikas aur udyam mein vriddhi hoti haye (halanki bajat ghaate mein kamee koo kabhi-kabhi karon mein katauti kii tulanaa mein prathamikta dee gaee haye). party ney haal hii mein britten mein samajik bajar arthavyavastha parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye, nishpakshata banaane key liye samajik santulan key saath pratispardha key liye ack mukt bajar koo badhaava diyaa haye. isamen banking kshetra parr pratibandh, britten mein kshetron koo punarjeevit karane key liye udyam kshetra aur uchch gati rail jaisi bhavya buniyaadi dhancha pariyojanaaen shamil hain.
haal key varshon kii ack thhos aarthik neeti europeeya ekal mudra, euro kaa virodh rahee haye. apani party key bheetar badhate eurosepticism key saath, johnn mejar ney 1992 kii mastrict sandhi mein ack british opt-out parr baatchit kii, jisane yuke koo ekal mudra koo apanaae binaa europeeya sangh key bheetar rahane mein saksham banaaya. haalaanki, pramukh mantrimandal key kaee sadasya, jaise kii keneth clark, vyaktigat roop seey eemu kii bhagidari key samarthak they. 1997 key chunaav mein haar key baad mejar key istife key baad, baad key sabhi roodhivaadi netaaon ney party koo euro koo apanaane key khilaf majbooti seey khadaa curr diyaa haye.
1997 key aam chunaav mein shram kii jeet key baad, roodhivaadi party ney baink off ingland koo byaaj daron parr swatantra niyantran dene key shram key faisale kaa virodh kiya-iss aadhar parr kii yeh pound sterling key unmoolan aur europeeya ekal mudra kii sweekriti kii prastaavana hogi, aur loktaantrik niyantran seey maudrik neeti koo hataane parr bhee chinta vyakt kii. haalaanki, baink kii swatantrata vittiya samudaay key beach lokpriya thee kyonki isane mudrasfeeti koo cumm rakhane mein madad kii. roodhivaadiyon ney 2000 kii shuruat mein shram neeti koo sweekaar kiya.
satta mein lautane key baad seey, cameron-clagg gathbandhan dwara aaykar kii 50 pratishat sheersh darr ghataakar 45 pratishat curr dee gaee thee. curr mein kamee aur karadhan koo cumm rakhane kii pratibaddhataon key saath, roodhivaadi party ney 2010 mein shuru hue tapasya karyakram key madhyam seey sarkari kharch koo kaafee cumm curr diyaa haye. yeh karyakram alokpriya hoe gayaa aur isake parinamswarup, 2019 key chunaav abhiyaan key dauran, abb nivartamaan roodhivaadi pradhaan mantri boris johnson ney anya karkaushali virodhi vaadon key saath-saath aine. aich. aiss. mein pahale seey katauti kiye gaye 20,000 pulis adhikaariyon koo bahaal karane aur saarvajanik nivesh badhaane key vaadon key saath karkaushali koo samaapt karane kaa sanket diyaa.
samajik neeti.
samajik roop seey roodhivaadi neetiyon jaise vivaahit jodon key liye curr protsaahan aur yeh vishvaas kii kaam seey baahar logon key liye laabh cumm kiye jaane chaahiye, ney 1990 aur 2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein party key chunavi patan mein bhoomika nibhai hogi, aur isaliye party ney ack naee disha khojane kaa prayaas kiya haye. 2010 mein ell. jee. bee. tii. + vyaktiyon key liye samaan vivaah adhikaaron kii shuruat koo samajik roodhivaad seey door ack badalaav kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye kahaa jaa sakata haye, halanki iss neeti koo vaastav mein ack adhik 'udaar' roodhivaadi party kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye chunauti dee gaee haye.
1997 seey, party key bheetar 'aadhuniktavadiyon' jaise kii alaan dunken, joe maanate hain kii roodhivaadiyon koo samajik muddon parr apane saarvajanik rukh koo sanshodhit karna chaahiye, aur 'paramparavadiyon' jaise kii liam fox aur owen patterson, joe maanate hain kii party koo apane paaramparik roodhivaadi munch key prati wafadar rehna chaahiye, key beach bahas hui haye. villium hegg aur michael howard ney kramshah 2001 aur 2005 key aam chunaavon mein paaramparik aadhar parr prachaar kiya, aur 2001 mein paaramparikvaadi ian dunken smith koo party netaa key roop mein chunaa gayaa. vartamaan sansad mein, aadhunikikaran karane vaali taakton kaa pratinidhitva neel oh 'bryan jaise aim. pee. aiss. dwara kiya jaataa haye, jinhone tark diyaa haye kii party koo apani neetiyon aur chhavi koo navinikrit karane kii aavashyakta haye, aur kahaa jaataa haye kii yeh macron kii madhyamaargi rajneeti seey prerit haye. rooth davidson koo ack sudhaar karane vaale vyakti key roop mein bhee dekhaa jaataa haye. kaee mool 'paramparaavaadi' prabhaavshaali baney hue hain, halanki samanya yogdan key mamle mein dunken smith kaa prabhaav cumm hoe gayaa haye. christopher chope aur peater bone jaise kaee 'paramparaavaadi' backbenturers fillibstering aur baar-baar interjections key upayog key liye media kaa dhyaan aakarshit karate hain, aur isaliye aam logon mein prabhaavshaali taakaten bunny rahati hain, halanki unhein sabhi 'paramparaavaadi' roodhivaadiyon kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye naheen liya jaa sakata haye.
party ney shram key "raajya bahusaanskritiktaa" kii kadee aalochana kii haye. chhaaya grih sachiv dominic greave ney 2008 mein kahaa kii raajya kii bahusaanskritik neetiyon ney "saanskritik nirasha" aur visthaapan kii "bhayaanak" viraasat paida kii thee, jisane bahas key donon pakshon mein "charampanthiyon" key samarthan koo protsaahit kiya haye. david cameron ney shoke kii tippaniyon kaa jawab dete hue iss baat seey sahamati vyakt kii kii "raajya bahusaanskritiktaa" kii neetiyaan joe samajik samoohon koo alag maanati hain, udaaharan key liye aisee neetiyaan joe "british musalmaanon koo british nagrikon key bajaay muslimon key roop mein maanati hain", galat hain. haalaanki, unhone samagr roop seey bahusanskritivaad key aadhar key liye samarthan vyakt kiya, yeh tark dete hue kii samaaj koo bhavishya key liye ack majboot british pehchaan banaane key liye adhik ekikrit karane key liye protsaahit karna "bilkul sahee" thaa.
aadhikarik aankadon seey pataa chalaa haye kii eu aur gair-eu saamoohik aapravaasan, sharan chahane vaale avedanon key saath, karyalaya mein cameron key karyakal key dauran sabhi mein kaafee vriddhi hui. haalaanki, yeh kewal jaanboojhkar sarkaar kii neeti key parinamswarup naheen thaa-iss avadhi key dauran, britten mein mahatvapurna sharanarthi pravaah they aur kaee anya raajyon mein sangharsh aur utpeedan key kaaran sharan avedanon kaa star badh gayaa thaa. usa samay key kuchh raajneetik aur media pravachanon ney sujhaav diyaa kii sharanarthiyon aur sharan chahane vaalon key aapravaasan aur swaagat mein iss vriddhi ney aine. aich. aiss. aur kalyankari raajya parr adhik bojh daalane key madhyam seey samajik neeti key anya kshetron parr mahatvapurna dabaav daala-yeye pravachan prabhaavshaali they, lekin anubhavjanya yaa nirnaayak roop seey sach saabit naheen hue hain. 2019 mein, roodhivaadi grih sachiv preeti patel ney ghoshana kii kii sarkaar avaidh aapravaasan parr nakel kaskar aur brexit key puuraa honey key baad europeeya sangh key saath andolan kii swatantrata koo samaapt karke sakht aapravaasan sudhaar lagu karegi. inn sudhaaron mein britten mein pravaas key liye adhik sakht upaay shuru karna bhee shamil thaa jaise kii apravasiyon koo angreji bolane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, unake paas kushal naukari kii peshkash hoti haye, aur nyuntam vetan aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane key saath-saath cumm kushal apravasiyon koo outsourcing parr british shramikon koo kaam parr rakhane key liye vyavsaayon koo raaji karna.
videsh neeti.
20veen shatabdi key adhikansh samay taka, roodhivaadi party ney sanyukt raajya america key saath sambandhon mein vyaapak roop seey atlantikwadi rukh apanaaya, sanyukt raajya america key saath ghanishth sambandhon kaa samarthan kiya aur isi tarah kanada, australia aur japan jaise sanrekhit rashtron key saath bhee. roodhivaadiyon ney aam taur parr uttar atlantic sandhi sangathan (naato) seey laker rashtramandal taka key vibhinn antarrashtriya gathbandhanon kaa samarthan kiya haye.
america-british key ghanishth sambandh dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad seey roodhivaadi videsh neeti kaa ack tatva rahey hain. winston churchill ney apane yuddh key baad key pradhaan mantri key dauran sanyukt raajya america mein eisenhower prashaasan key saath ack majboot sambandh banaaya. harold mcmillan ney johnn aff key loktaantrik prashaasan key saath isi tarah key ghanishth sambandhon kaa pradarshan kiya. kenedi. halanki videshi mamalon mein america-british sambandhon koo aksar 'vishesh sambandh' kahaa jaataa haye, ack shabd jise winston churchill dwara gadhaa gayaa haye, yeh aksar sabse spasht roop seey dekhaa gayaa haye jahaan pratyek desh mein netaa ack samaan raajneetik patti key hotey hain. satta seey baahar aur americi raajnetaon, roodhivaadi netaaon dwara kaafee hudd taka aprasangik key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, hegg, dunken-smith, aur howard pratyek ney rashtrapati bill clinton aur george doubleu key saath vyaktigat sambandh banaane key liye sangharsh kiya. jhaadi. haalaanki, 2008 key rashtrapati pada key republican ummidwar, johnn mccain ney 2006 key roodhivaadi party sammelan mein baat kii.
roodhivaadiyon ney ack paine-african mukt vyaapaar kshetra kaa prastaav rakhaa haye, joe kahata haye kii african logon kii udyamsheelta mein madad curr sakata haye. roodhivaadiyon ney 2013 taka sahaayata kharch koo rashtriya aaya key 0.7% taka badhaane kaa vaadaa kiya. unhone 2014 mein iss pratigya koo puuraa kiya, jaba sahaayata parr kharch gdp key 0.72% taka pahunch gayaa aur 2015 mein yuke kaanoon mein pratibaddhata koo sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
david cameron ney poorv americi rashtrapati busch aur unaki nava-roodhivaadi videsh neeti seey khud koo door karane kii koshish kii thee, jisamen unhone us-yuke sambandhon key "punarsantulan" kaa ahwan kiya thaa aur apane 2008 key europeeya daure key dauran baraak obama seey mulakat kii thee. britten key roodhivaadiyon aur americi ganrajyon key beach paaramparik sambandhon key bavjood, aur kendra-vampanthi shram aur loktantravadiyon key beach, landan key meyer boris johnson, ack roodhivaadi, ney 2008 key chunaav mein baraak obama kaa samarthan kiya. haalaanki, pradhaanmantri banane key baad, boris johnson ney republican rashtrapati donald trump key saath ack ghanishth sambandh vikasit kiya, jisamen british aur americi media tippanikar donon netaaon key beach shaaririk aur vaichaarik tulanaa karate they. europeeya sangh seey britten key hatane key baad sanyukt raajya america key saath "vishesh sambandh" kii punah sthaapana key saath-saath roodhivaadiyon aur gantantra party key beach sambandhon kii or lautane key roop mein bhee ise varnit kiya gayaa haye.
sanyukt raajya america, rashtramandal aur europeeya sangh key saath sambandhon seey parey, roodhivaadi party ney aam taur parr antarrashtriya mamalon kii mukhyadhara key bheetar ack mukt vyaapaar samarthak videsh neeti kaa samarthan kiya haye. jiss hudd taka roodhivaadi sarkaaron ney america mein hastakshepvadi yaa gair-hastakshepvadi rashtrapatiyon kaa samarthan kiya haye, vaha aksar americi rashtrapati aur british pradhaan mantri key beach vyaktigat sambandhon key saath bhinn hotaa haye.
halanki lagaatar netritva key saath rukh badal gayaa haye, aadhunik roodhivaadi party aam taur parr israel raajya key saath sahyog aur maitripurna sambandhon koo banaae rakhane kaa samarthan karati haye. arther balfour aur winston churchill jaise aitihaasik roodhivaadi raajnetaon ney yahudi logon key liye rashtriya ghar key vichaar kaa samarthan kiya. margaret thatcher key tahat israel key liye roodhivaadi samarthan koo spasht hotaa dekhaa gayaa. theresa meey aur boris johnson key netritva mein israel key liye samarthan badhaa haye, meey aur johnson mantralayon key bheetar pramukh roodhivaadi hastiyon jaise preeti patel, robbert genrich, michael gove aur sajid javid ney israel kaa dridhata seey samarthan kiya haye. 2016 mein, theresa ney israel sarkaar kii sanrachana parr americi raajya sachiv johnn kerrie dwara diye gaye bayanon kaa saarvajanik roop seey khandan kiya, jise kuchh tippanikaron ney aaney vaale trump prashaasan key rukh key karib sanrekhan key roop mein dekhaa. 2018 mein, party ney lebnan sthit aatankvaadi samooh hezbullah key sabhi vingon koo pratibandhit karane kaa vaadaa kiya aur ise 2019 mein ack yuu. key.-vyaapi neeti key roop mein apanaaya gayaa thaa. 2019 mein, boris johnson key tahat roodhivaadi sarkaar ney sthaaniya rajneeti parr bahishkaar, vibhajan aur pratibandh andolan key prabhaav koo rokane kii yojana kii ghoshana kii, jisamen sanyukt raajya mein sthaaniya parishadon koo israel key utpaadon kaa bahishkaar karane seey pratibandhit karna shamil thaa.
roodhivaadi kashmir seey sambandhit mamalon parr tatasth rahane kaa nirantar rukh banaae rakhate hain.
raksha neeti.
afghanistan.
11 sitambar 2001 key aatankvaadi hamalon key baad, roodhivaadi party ney afghanistan mein gathbandhan sainya kaarravaai kaa samarthan kiya. roodhivaadi party kaa maanana thaa kii afghanistan mein safalata koo afgaanon dwara apani aantarik aur baahari suraksha banaae rakhane kii kshamata praapt karane key sandarbh mein paribhaashit kiya jaayega. unhone abhiyaan key pahale dinon mein british balon koo paryaapt roop seey lais karane mein whiffle rahane key liye poorv shram sarkaar kii baar-baar aalochana kii haye-vishesh roop seey 2004 mein helicopter bajat mein gorden braun key £ 1.4bn katauti key parinamswarup british balon key liye helicopters kii kamee koo ujagar kiya haye.
ranneetik raksha aur suraksha sameeksha.
roodhivaadi party kaa maanana haye kii 21veen sadee mein raksha aur suraksha aapas mein judey hue hain. isane paaramparik ranneetik raksha sameeksha aayojit karane seey alag honey kaa sankalp liya haye aur karyalaya mein aaney parr turant adhik vyaapak ranneetik raksha aur suraksha sameeksha (aiss. dee. aiss. aar.) karane key liye pratibaddh haye. iss sameeksha mein raksha aur matribhoomi suraksha seey sambandhit mamle donon shamil honge. shram sarkaar ney pichhali baar 1998 mein ack sameeksha kii thee. bhavishya mein ack lambe antaral koo rokane key liye usane harr 4-5 saal mein niyamit raksha sameeksha aayojit karane kaa bhee vaadaa kiya thaa, aur yadi aavashyak huaa tou iss aavashyakta koo kaanoon mein daal diyaa jaayega. party key adhikaariyon kaa daavaa haye kii aiss. dee. aiss. aar. ack badaa sudhaar hoga, aur yeh sunishchit karega kii britten kissy bhee badalate khatron key anukool honey key liye samanya aur lachili kshamata banaae rakhe. yeh ack antar-vibhaagiya sameeksha hogi joe videsh neeti kii prathmiktaon key saath shuru hogi aur videshi hiton aur raksha prathmiktaon key saath gharelu rashtriya suraksha neeti key sabhi pahaluon koo ack saath laayegi.
ack aiss. dee. aiss. aar. key saath-saath, roodhivaadi party ney 2010 mein khareed prakriya kii ack maulik aur doorgaami sameeksha karane kaa vaadaa kiya aur kahaa kii britten mein raksha upkaran kaise pradaan kiye jaate hain. isane khareed prakriya mein sudhaar karane, samprabhuta kshamata parr ack harit patra sankalit karane aur 2005 mein raksha audyogik ranneeti key baad ack aur raksha audyogik ranneeti prakaashit karane kaa sankalp liya. roodhivaadi dall ney kahaa haye kii british raksha khareed key liye chaar uddeshya hongeh sarvottam sambhav moolya parr sarvottam sambhav upkaran pradaan karna; agrim pankti koo upkaranon kii twarit delivery sunishchit karane key liye khareed prakriya koo suvyavasthit karna; raksha niryaat koo badhaakar ghar parr hamaare udyog kii naukariyon kaa samarthan karna; videshon mein ranneetik sambandhon koo rekhaankit karane vaali raksha khareed pradaan karna aur raksha udyog koo purvanumeyata pradaan karna.
roodhivaadi party ney sarkari neeti key roop mein vaishvik raksha bajar mein britten kii hissedari badhaane kaa bhee vaadaa kiya.
naato.
roodhivaadi party iss vichaar koo barkarar rakhti haye kii naato banaa huaa haye aur united kingdam key liye sabse mahatvapurna suraksha gathbandhan banaa rehna chaahiye.
isane naato key abhiyaan sanchaalan key liye ack uchit vittaposhan tantra key nirmaan kii vakaalat kii haye aur sabhi naato deshon seey apane aavashyak raksha kharch koo jee. dee. pee. key 2 pratishat taka puuraa karane kaa ahwan kiya haye. isake saath hii, kuchh roodhivaadiyon kaa maanana haye kii 21veen sadee key nae khatron jaise cyber suraksha koo shamil karane key liye naato key lekh v key vistaar kii gunjaish haye.
europeeya raksha.
roodhivaadi party kaa uddeshya pramukh europeeya bhagidaron key saath behtar dwipakshiya raksha sambandh banaana haye aur unakaa maanana haye kii apane sabhi europeeya padosiyon key saath poori tarah seey sahyog karna britten key rashtriya hita mein haye. isane yeh sunishchit karane kaa sankalp liya haye kii kissy bhee europeeya sangh kii sainya kshamata koo british rashtriya raksha aur naato kaa poorak naheen honah chaahiye, aur yeh kii kissy bhee atee rashtriya nikaay koo suraksha saunpana british hita mein naheen haye.
roodhivaadi ise europeeya sangh key sabhi sadasyon koo desh aur videsh mein europeeya suraksha key liye pratibaddhata key sandarbh mein adhik karane key liye protsaahit karane kii prathamikta key roop mein dekhate hain.
europeeya sangh kii raksha bhoomika key sambandh mein, roodhivaadiyon ney apani vyavharikta aur upayogita nirdhaarit karane key liye britten kii kuchh europeeya sangh raksha pratibaddhataon kii phir seey jaanch karane kaa vaadaa kiya; vishesh roop seey, sthaayi sanrachit sahyog, europeeya raksha agency aur europeeya sangh key yuddh samoohon jaise britten kii bhagidari key praavdhaanon kaa punarmulyankan karane key liye yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye kii kyaa britten kii bhagidari mein koee moolya haye.
paramanu hathiyar.
roodhivaadi trishul paramanu missile karyakram key madhyam seey britten key paramanu hathiyaron key kabje kaa samarthan karate hain.
swaasthya neeti.
1945 mein, roodhivaadiyon ney saarvbhaumik swaasthya seva key liye samarthan kii ghoshana kii. 2010 mein karyalaya mein pravesh karane key baad seey, unhone swaasthya aur samajik dekhbhal adhiniyam kii shuruat kii haye, joe aine. aich. aiss. dwara kiye gaye abb taka key sabse badey sudhaar kaa gathan kartaa haye. haalaanki, 2010 mein aine. aich. aiss. parr sarkaar key karyon key baare mein bahut aalochana aur virodh huaa haye, jisamen bajat mein katauti aur sevaaon key nijikaran parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa haye. 2013 key ack sangh virodh key baad pulis dwara manchester mein dekhe gaye sabse badey virodh pradarshanon mein seey ack honey key baad, trade union congress (took) key mahasachiv ney kahaa kii tapasya kaa vinashkari prabhaav parh rhaa thaa, akele pichhale teen maheenon mein 21,000 nhs naukariyan chully gaeen, aur "nhs britten kii sabse achchi uplabdhiyon mein seey ack haye aur humm mantriyon koo katauti aur nijikaran key madhyam seey nasht karane kii anumati naheen denge, jise banaane mein peedhiyon kaa samay lagaa haye."swaasthya vibhaag ney jawab diyaa kii" "aine. aich. aiss. sevaaon key nijikaran key liye koee sarkari neeti naheen thee.
dawa neeti.
roodhivaadi party vartamaan nashili davaaon key nishedh neetiyon kaa samarthan karati haye. haalaanki, drugs parr vichaar party mein kuchh aim. pee. aiss. key beach bhinn hotey hain. kuchh roodhivaadi rajneta jaise kii poorv saansad alaan dunken aur kurkura mukhar iss udaarvaadi drishtikon koo apanaate hain kii vyaktigat swatantrata aur udyog aur vyaapaar kii aarthik swatantrata kaa sammaan kiya jaanaa chaahiye. anya roodhivaadi rajneta, aarthik roop seey udaar honey key bavjood, kaee davaaon key swaamitva aur vyaapaar parr poorna pratibandh key paksh mein hain. kuchh roodhivaadi rajneta chikitsa upayog key liye bhang koo vaidh banaane key paksh mein hain. party ney vyaktigat upayog aur surakshit upbhog kakshon key liye davaaon koo aparaadhmukt karane donon koo aswikar curr diyaa haye.
shiksha aur anusandhaan.
shiksha mein, roodhivaadiyon ney rashtriya pathyakram kii sameeksha karane aur angreji snaatak kii padhaai shuru karane kaa sankalp liya haye. anushasana kii bahaali parr bhee prakaash daala gayaa, kyonki way chaahte hain kii chhatron key liye nishiddh vastuon kii khoj karna aasaan hoe, chhatron dwara abhiyukt shikshakon koo gumnami denaa, aur nishkaasit chhatron koo appeal panel key madhyam seey schools mein vaapas karane parr pratibandh lagaana.
uchch shiksha mein, roodhivaadiyon ney tution shulk koo badhaakar 9,250 pound prati varsh curr diyaa haye, haalaanki yeh sunishchit kiya haye kii jaba taka way 25,000 pound seey adhik naheen kamaate hain taba taka kissy koo bhee iska bhugtan naheen karna hoga. scotish roodhivaadiyon ney bhee scotland mein tution shulk koo phir seey shuru karane kaa samarthan kiya haye. 2016 mein roodhivaadi sarkaar ney shiksha taka pahunch mein sudhaar karane mein madad karane key liye snatkottar chhatron koo ingland mein chhaatr rinn kii pahunch kaa vistaar kiya.
europeeya sangh key bheetar, britten europeeya sangh mein anusandhaan vitt poshan key sabse badey praaptakartaon mein seey ack haye, jise 2007 aur 2015 key beach £7 billion praapt hue, joe vishvavidyalayon aur anusandhaan-gahan vyavsaayon mein nivesh kiya gayaa haye. europeeya sangh chhodane key liye matdan key baad, pradhaan mantri theresa guaranti dey sakate hain kii roodhivaadi sarkaar britten mein maujooda anusandhaan aur vikas pariyojanaon key liye dhana kii raksha karegi.
sharad ritu 2017 mein roodhivaadiyon ney takniki shiksha key shikshan aur prashaasan mein sudhaar key uddeshya seey tii star kii yogyata shuru karane kaa faisala kiya.
parivaar neeti.
pradhaanmantri key roop mein, david cameron 'britten mein parivarik jeevan kaa samarthan' karna chaahte they aur parivaaron koo gharelu samajik neeti nirmaan key kendra mein rakhna chaahte they. unhone 2014 mein kahaa kii 'samaaj key nirmaan key roodhivaadi mission mein' shuru karane key liye parivaar seey behtar koee jagah naheen thee, joe kalyankari raajya key aaney seey bahut pahale vyaktigat kalyan aur kalyan key liye jimmedaar thaa. unhone yeh bhee tark diyaa kii 'parivaar aur rajneeti atoot roop seey judey hue hain'. cameron aur theresa donon kaa uddeshya parivaaron koo kaary-grih santulan praapt karane mein madad karna hoe sakata haye aur pahale sabhi maataa-pitaa koo 12 maheene kii maataa-pitaa kii chhutti dene kaa prastaav diyaa gayaa haye, jise maataa-pitaa dwara saajha kiya jaanaa chaahiye jaisa kii way chaahte hain. yeh neeti abb lagu haye, jisamen 50 saptah kii kull maataa-pitaa kii chhutti dee jaati haye, jisamen seey 37 saptah kaa bhugtan chhutti haye, jise donon maataa-pitaa key beach saajha kiya jaa sakata haye.
anya neetiyon mein teen aur chaar saal key bachchon key kamkaji maataa-pitaa key liye baal dekhbhal key muft ghanton koo avadhi key dauran 15 ghante seey badhaakar 30 ghante prati saptah karna shamil haye, halanki maataa-pitaa prati saptah ghanton kii sankhya koo ghataakar 22 curr sakate hain aur varsh key 52 hafton mein fail sakate hain. haalaanki, kaee baal dekhbhal pradaataon ney tark diyaa haye kii yeh neeti avyavahaarik haye, kyonki iska matlab haye kii unhein khoye hue baal dekhbhal shulk kii bharpai key liye sarkaar seey paryaapt muaavaja naheen milata haye, aur isaliye unake vyavasaay abb vittiya roop seey vyavharya naheen hain. sarkaar ney ingland mein 2 saal key bachchon key liye saptah mein 15 ghante muft shiksha aur baal dekhbhal key liye ack neeti bhee pesh kii, yadi maataa-pitaa koo kuchh raajya laabh mill rahey hain yaa bachche key paas prati varsh 2,500 pound kaa ack saine statement yaa nidan haye.
naukariyan aur kalyan neeti.
2010 mein roodhivaadiyon key pramukh neetigat lakshyon mein seey ack raajya laabh kaa daavaa karane vaale britten mein logon kii sankhya koo cumm karna aur karyabal mein logon kii sankhya badhaana thaa. 2010 aur 2014 key beach, akshamta laabh key sabhi daavedaron koo ack naee laabh yojana, rojgar aur samarthan bhatta parr leey jaaya gayaa, jise phir 2018 mein anya kalyankari laabhon key saath-saath saarvbhaumik rinn pranali mein shamil curr liya gayaa thaa. kaary aur pension vibhaag mein unaki niyukti key turant baad, raajya key sachiv ember rudd ney sweekaar kiya kii saarvbhaumik rinn pranali key saath 'vaastavik samasyaaen' theen, vishesh roop seey praarambhik bhugtan key liye prateeksha samay aur sanyukt laabhon key awas bhugtan pahalu. rudd ney vishesh roop seey aarthik roop seey vanchit mahilaaon parr saarvbhaumik rinn karyanvayan key asman prabhaav kii sameeksha karane aur usey sambodhit karane kaa sankalp liya, joe radio 4 "aap aur aapke" karyakram aur anya dwara kaee reports kaa vishay rhaa haye.
1999 taka, roodhivaadiyon ney rashtriya nyuntam majdoori key nirmaan kaa virodh kiya, kyonki unakaa maanana thaa kii isase naukariyon kii laagat aaegi, aur vyavasaay uchch shram laagat key darr seey britten mein vyavasaay shuru karane key liye anichhuk honge. haalaanki party ney taba seey samarthan kaa vaadaa kiya haye aur julaai 2015 key bajat mein, chansler george osborne ney 25 varsh aur usase adhik ayu key logon key liye 2020 taka £9/ghante key rashtriya jeevan yapan vetan kii ghoshana kii haye. 2012 mein 21 varsh seey adhik umr key logon key liye rashtriya nyuntam majdoori 6.19 pound thee, isaliye 2020 taka rashtriya jeevan yapan majdoori mein prastaavit vriddhi kaee logon key liye kaafee adhik vetan kaa pratinidhitva karegi. haalaanki, rashtriya jeevan yapan majdoori umr key anusaar kaafee bhinn hoti haye, aur iss baat key pramaan hain kii 200,000 taka paatr vyaktiyon koo vaastav mein vetan praapt naheen hoe rhaa haye kii unhein rashtriya jeevan yapan majdoori yojana key tahat honah chaahiye. party ney pension aur aaya key beach sambandh kii bahaali koo lagu kiya haye aur 2028 taka sevaanivritti kii ayu 65 seey badhaakar 67 karane kii koshish kii haye.
oorjaa aur jalavaayu parivartan neeti.
david cameron ney apane 2010 key abhiyaan mein kaee 'harit' muddon koo sabse aage laaya. inmein kaaryasthal parr kaar parking sthaanon parr curr lagaane, havaai adde key vikas koo rokane, asadharan roop seey kharaab petrol mileage vaali kaaron parr curr lagaane aur kaar vigyaapan parr pratibandh lagaane key liye banaae gaye prastaav shamil they. inmein seey kaee neetiyon koo gathbandhan mein lagu kiya gayaa thaa-jisamen 'harit sauda' bhee shamil thaa.
navambar 2019 mein, britten key pradhaan mantri aur roodhivaadi party key netaa boris johnson ney ack channel 4 samachar jalavaayu bahas key liye nimantran sweekaar naheen kiya kii jalavaayu sankat seey kaise nipata jaae jisamen anya raajneetik dall key netaaon ney bhaag liya thaa. 2019 mein bhee, greenpeace ney mukhya dalon kii paryavaraniya pratibaddhataon parr ack scorecard kaa sanchaalan kiya, jisamen party koo neeche seey doosara sthaan diyaa gayaa (brexit party seey ack bindu oopar) aur ise 20 mein seey 7 ank diye gaye. 2021 mein, uttari roodhivaadi party aim. pee. aiss. ney kambriya mein ack naee koyla khadaan kholane key liye apana samarthan ghoshit kiya. 2021 mein ack sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii 15 mein seey ack roodhivaadi aim. pee. aiss. (7 pratishat) kaa maanana haye kii jalavaayu parivartan ack mithak haye. 2020 mein 1,100 seey adhik roodhivaadi party sadasyon key ack sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii aadhe seey bhee cumm loga maanate hain kii maanav gatividhi jalavaayu parivartan key liye jimmedaar haye aur 9.7% ney vishvaas naheen kiya kii jalavaayu parivartan bilkul hoe rhaa thaa.
nyaay, aparaadh aur suraksha neeti.
2010 mein, roodhivaadiyon ney aadhunik pulis bull kii kathit naukarshahi koo kaatane key liye abhiyaan chalaaya aur ghuspaithiyon key khilaf apana bachaav karane key liye doshi thaharaae gaye logon koo adhik kanuni suraksha dene kaa vaadaa kiya.
party ney manvadhikar adhiniyam 1998 koo badalane key liye adhikaaron key ack yuu. key. vidheyak key nirmaan key liye bhee abhiyaan chalaaya haye, lekin unake gathbandhan bhagidaron-liberal democrates dwara ise veeto curr diyaa gayaa thaa. kuchh roodhivaadi, vishesh roop seey samajik roop seey roodhivaadi aadhar samooh key bheetar, maut kii sajaa key punah parichay kaa samarthan karate hain.
roodhivaadiyon key 2017 key ghoshanapatra mein ack rashtriya buniyaadi dhancha pulis bull banaane kaa vaadaa kiya gayaa, jisamen maujooda british parivahan pulis; nagrik paramanu pulis; aur raksha pulis mantralaya koo shamil kiya gayaa haye taaki "paramanu sthalon, railway aur ranneetik sadak network jaise mahatvapurna buniyaadi dhaanche kii suraksha mein sudhaar kiya jaa sakey. halanki, abhee taka aisaa naheen huaa haye.
europeeya sangh kii neeti.
haal key itihas mein europeeya sangh key bheetar united kingdam kii bhoomika seey adhik vibhajankari koee bhee vishay roodhivaadi party mein saabit naheen huaa haye. haalaanki europeeya samudaayon mein britten key pravesh (joe europeeya sangh bunn gayaa) key pramukh vastukar roodhivaadi pradhaan mantri edward heath they, aur winston churchill aur harrold mcmillan donon ney europeeya sangh key kissy roop kaa samarthan kiya, samkaaleen roodhivaadi raay kaa badaa hissa europeeya sangh key saath nikat aarthik aur vishesh roop seey raajneetik sangh key khilaf haye. yeh british rajneeti mein ack dhyaan dene yogya badalaav haye, kyonki 1960 aur 1970 key dashak mein roodhivaadi laber party kii tulanaa mein adhik europe samarthak theh udaaharan key liye, 1971 key house off commons mein iss baat parr vote diyaa gayaa kii kyaa britten koo europeeya aarthik samudaay mein shamil honah chaahiye, taba 330 roodhivaadi aim. pee. aiss. mein seey kewal 39 sadasya honey key khilaf they.
roodhivaadi party key sadasya europeeya sangh key baare mein alag-alag raay rakhate hain, europeeya samarthak roodhivaadi europe key liye sambaddh roodhivaadi samooh mein shamil hoe jaate hain, jabaki kuchh euroseptic ney united kingdam swatantrata party mein shamil honey key liye party chhod dee. jabaki haal key dashakon mein adhikansh roodhivaadi euroseptic rahey hain, europeeya sangh key saath britten key sambandhon key sambandh mein iss samooh key beach key vichaar madhyam, naram euroseptic key beach dhruvikrit kiye gaye hain joe nirantar british sadasyata kaa samarthan karate hain lekin vyaapaar koo prabhaavit karane vaale niyamon key samanjasya kaa virodh karate hain aur ack bahu-gati vaale europe mein bhagidari sweekaar karate hain, aur ack adhik kattarpanthi, aarthik roop seey swatantra gutt joe brussels seey neetigat pahalon kaa virodh karate hain, mastrict sandhi seey ekikaran upaayon koo vaapas lene kaa samarthan karate hain, aur ack poorna vaapsee key liye teji seey samarthak bunn gaye hain.
2009 mein roodhivaadi party ney lisban sandhi key khilaf sakriya roop seey abhiyaan chalaaya, jiska maanana haye kii yeh brussels koo bahut adhik samprabhuta dega. chhaaya videsh sachiv villium hegg ney kahaa kii, yadi sandhi aaney vaali roodhivaadi sarkaar key samay taka lagu hoe jaati haye, tou vaha "mamalon koo vahaan naheen rahane denge. haalaanki, 14 juuna 2009 koo chhaaya vyaapaar sachiv, keneth clark ney bee. bee. see. koo diye ack sakshatkar mein kahaa kii aggar ayrish ney ack nae janmat sangrah mein iska samarthan kiya tou roodhivaadi party lisban sandhi parr baatchit phir seey naheen kholegi.
samvaidhaanik neeti.
paaramparik roop seey roodhivaadi party ney united kingdam key asanrachit samvidhaan aur isaki paaramparik westminster pranali kaa samarthan kiya haye. party ney tonny blair key kaee sudhaaron kaa virodh kiya, jaise kii vanshaanugat sathiyon koo hataana, manvadhikaron parr europeeya sammelan koo british kaanoon mein shamil karna, aur 2009 mein united kingdam key sarvocch nyayalaya kaa nirmaan, joe pahale house off lords dwara kiya gayaa ack kaary thaa.
manvadhikar adhiniyam 1998 kii jagah lene vaale adhikaaron key british vidheyak koo pesh karane parr bhee vibhajan thaa; david cameron ney samarthan vyakt kiya, lekin party grandy caine clark ney ise "videshi virodhi aur kanuni murkhtapurna" key roop mein varnit kiya.
2019 mein, roodhivaadiyon kaa ghoshanapatra ack pankti mein ack vyaapak samvaidhaanik sameeksha key liye pratibaddh thaa jisamen likhaa thaa kii "brexit key baad hamein apane samvidhaan key vyaapak pahaluon koo bhee dekhane kii aavashyakta haih sarkaar, sansad aur adalaton key beach sambandh. party kii mahatvapurna chunaav jeet key baad, yeh spasht naheen haye kii iska kyaa arth hoe sakata haye.
sangathan.
party sanrachana.
roodhivaadi party mein swaichhik party, sansadiya party (kabhi-kabhi raajneetik party kahaa jaataa haye) aur peshevar party shamil hain.
janata key sadasya sthaaniya nirvaachan kshetra key roodhivaadi sangh kaa hissa bunn curr party mein shamil hoe jaate hain. desh koo kshetron mein bhee vibhajit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen pratyek kshetra mein kaee kshetra hain, donon kii sanrachana nirvaachan kshetra sanghon key samaan haye. rashtriya roodhivaadi sammelan swaichhik party kii disha nirdhaarit kartaa haye. yeh sabhi sangh adhyakshon, kshetron aur kshetron key adhikaariyon aur 42 pratinidhiyon aur roodhivaadi mahila sangathan seey banaa haye. yeh sammelan varsh mein dou baar milata haye. isaki vaarshik aam baithak aamtaur parr vasant munch parr aayojit kii jaati haye, jisamen ack anya baithak aamtaur parr roodhivaadi party sammelan mein aayojit kii jaati haye. roodhivaadi party key sangathan mein, nirvaachan kshetra sangh sthaaniya ummidvaaron key chayan parr haavi hain, aur kuchh sanghon ney khuli sansadiya praathamik pareekshaon kaa ayojan kiya haye.
1922 kii samiti mein backbench aim. pee. aiss. shamil hain, joe sansad key baithane key dauran saptahik roop seey baithak karati haye. frontbench aim. pee. aiss. koo upasthit honey key liye ack khula nimantran haye. 1922 kii samiti party netaaon key chayan mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaati haye. sabhi roodhivaadi aim. pee. aiss. purvanirdhaarit roop seey 1922 kii samiti key sadasya hain. samiti key 20 karyakari sadasya hain, joe backbench mps key beach sarvasammati seey sahmat hain.
roodhivaadi abhiyaan mukhyalaya (see. see. aich. kyu.) prabhaavi roop seey peshevar party kaa pramukh haye aur vittaposhan, chunaavon key sangathan aur neeti kaa masauda taiyar karane kaa netritva kartaa haye.
roodhivaadi party board party kaa antim nirnay lene vaalaa nikaay haye, joe sabhi parichaalan mamalon (dhana ugaahane, sadasyata aur ummidvaaron sahit) key liye jimmedaar haye aur party key pratyek (swaichhik, raajneetik aur peshevar) varg key pratinidhiyon seey banaa haye. party board maheene mein lagbhag ack baar milata haye aur mukhya roop seey kaee prabandhan upa-samitiyon (jaise sadasyata, ummidwar aur sammelan) key madhyam seey see. aich. kyu., nirvaachit pratinidhiyon aur swaichhik sadasyata key saath milkar kaam kartaa haye.
sadasyata.
20veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein lagaatar girawat seey pahale, sadasyata 1950 key dashak key madhya mein lagbhag 30 laakh parr pahunch gaee. disambar 2005 mein david cameron key netaa key roop mein chunaav key turant baad praarambhik badhaava key bavjood, sadasyata ney 2006 mein apane nichale star parr phir seey girawat shuru kii, jaba way chune gaye they. 2010 mein, karyakarta tima montgomeri key anusaar, roodhivaadi party key lagbhag 177,000 sadasya they, aur 2013 mein party dwara hii 134,000 sadasyata kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa. roodhivaadi party key liye sadasyata shulk £25, yaa £5 haye yadi sadasya 23 varsh seey cumm umr kaa haye. ack aprail 2013 seey 2015 key aam chunaav taka loga party key sadasya hue binaa team 2015 mein shamil hoe sakate they, aur party key liye raajneetik abhiyaan mein bhaag leey sakate they. 2018 key roodhivaadi spring forum mein, party key adhyaksh brandon luis ney ghoshana kii kii party kii sadasyata 124,000 haye.
2013 mein roodhivaadi party ney samaan ling vivaah vidheyak key kaaran apani sadasyata kaa anumaanit 35-40% khou diyaa.
sambhaavit sansadiya ummidwar.
sangh apane nirvaachan kshetra key ummidvaaron kaa chayan karate hain. kuchh sanghon ney khuli sansadiya praathamik sabhaon kaa ayojan kiya haye. ack nirvaachan kshetra sangh koo roodhivaadi party key board key ummidvaaron parr samiti dwara sthaapit soochi seey, aur (ingland, wells aur uttari ireland mein) dwara anumodit niyamon kaa upayog karke ack ummidwar kaa chayan karna chaahiye. sambhaavit ummidwar ummidvaaron kii anumodit soochi mein shamil honey key liye roodhivaadi kendriya karyalaya mein aavedan karate hain, kuchh ummidvaaron koo kissy bhee seat key liye aavedan karane kaa vikalp diyaa jaayega, jabaki anya kuchh nirvaachan kshetron taka hii seemit hoe sakate hain. ack roodhivaadi saansad koo kewal sthaaniya roodhivaadi sangh kii ack vishesh aam baithak mein hii chunaa jaa sakata haye, jise kewal pachas seey adhik sadasyon kii yachika dwara samarthit honey parr aayojit kiya jaa sakata haye.
yuva roodhivaadi.
1998 seey 2015 taka, roodhivaadi party ney 30 varsh seey cumm umr key sadasyon key liye ack yuva shakha banaae rakhee, jise roodhivaadi bhavishya kahaa jaataa haye, donon vishvavidyalayon aur sansadiya nirvaachan kshetra star parr shaakhaon key saath. 2006 taka, yeh samooh british vishvavidyalaya parisaron mein sabse badaa raajneetik sangathan bunn gayaa thaa. sangathan koo 2015 mein una aaropon key baad bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa kii maark clark dwara badmashi key kaaran 21 varsheeya party karyakarta elliot johnson ney aatmahatya curr lii thee.
sammelan.
pramukh vaarshik party karyakram vasant munch aur roodhivaadi party sammelan hain, joe sharad ritu mein baari-baari seey manchester yaa birmingham mein hotaa haye. yeh taba hotaa haye jaba rashtriya roodhivaadi sammelan baithaken aayojit kartaa haye.
dhana.
21veen sadee key pahale dashak mein, party kaa aadhaa dhana kewal pachas "daataa samoohon" key samooh seey aaya, aur iska ack tihai kewal pandrah seey aaya. 2010 key aam chunaav key baad key varsh mein, tory kaa aadhaa dhana vittiya kshetra seey aaya.
2013 key liye, roodhivaadi party kii aaya 25.4 laakh pound thee, jisamen seey 749,000 pound sadasyata sadasyata seey aaya thaa.
2015 mein, chunaav aayog key saath daayar khaaton key anusaar, party kii aaya lagbhag 41.8 laakh pound thee aur kharch lagbhag 41 million pound thaa.
waits samooh aur jey. see. bee. sahit nirmaan vyavasaay bhee party key liye mahatvapurna daataa rahey hain, jinhone 2007 aur 2017 key beach kramshah £430,000 aur £8.1 million kaa yogdan diyaa haye.
party kaa salaahkaar mandal una daataon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye jinhone party koo mahatvapurna raashi dee haye, aamtaur parr 250,000 pound seey adhik.
disambar 2022 mein "sanrakshak" ney bataaya kii 10 pratishat roodhivaadi saathi badey party daataa they aur unhone kull milakar lagbhag 50 million pound diye. party key 274 sathiyon mein seey 27 ney roodhivaadiyon koo 100,000 pound seey adhik diye they. cumm seey cumm 6 badey daataa sathiyon koo 10 varshon seey 2022 mein sarkari naukariyan mileen.>
antarrashtriya sangathan.
roodhivaadi party kaee antarrashtriya sangathanon kii sadasya haye, vishesh roop seey antarrashtriya loktaantrik sangh joe sanyukt raajya ganarajya party, australia kii liberal party, bhaaratiya bhaaratiya janata party, kanada kii roodhivaadi party aur dakshin koriyai sanyukt bhavishya kii party sahit dakshinpanthi dalon koo ekjut kartaa haye.
europeeya star parr, roodhivaadi europeeya roodhivaadi aur sudhaarvaadi party (ee. see. aar. party) key sadasya hain, joe ack sanghiya europeeya sangh key virodh mein roodhivaadi dalon koo ekjut karati haye, jisake madhyam seey roodhivaadiyon key sambandh kramshah alster unionwadi party aur israel aur turkey key shaasi dalon, laikad aur nyaay aur vikas party seey hain. europeeya sansad mein, roodhivaadi party key aim. ee. pee. europeeya roodhivaadi aur sudhaarvaadi samooh (ee. see. aar. samooh) mein baithe, joe ekad seey sambaddh haye. party key netaa david cameron ney check nagrik loktaantrik party aur polish kaanoon aur nyaay key saath 2009 mein shuru kii gaee ee. see. aar. kii neenv koo aage badhaaya, jisase pahale roodhivaadi party key aim. ee. pee. europeeya loktantra mein baithe they, joe 1990 key dashak mein europeeya peepuls party kaa ack upsamooh bunn gayaa thaa. 2014 key europeeya chunaav key baad seey, ee. see. aar. samooh teesara sabse badaa samooh rhaa haye, jisamen sabse badey sadasya roodhivaadi (unnis aim. ee. pee. aiss.), kaanoon aur nyaay (athaarah aim. ee. pee. aiss.), udaarvaadi roodhivaadi sudhaarak (paanch aim. ee. pee. aiss.), aur dennish peepuls party aur nayaa flamish gathbandhan (pratyek chaar aim. ee. pee. aiss.) hain. juuna 2009 mein, roodhivaadiyon koo sansad mein aadhikarik ansh sthiti key liye arhata praapt karane key liye polish aur check samarthan key alawa chaar aur bhagidaron kii aavashyakta thee; niyamon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii ack europeeya sansadiya cocus koo 27 europeeya sangh key sadasya raajyon mein seey cumm seey cumm saat seey cumm 25 aim. ee. pee. kii aavashyakta hoti haye. cocus key gathan mein, party ney europeeya sansad, europeeya peepuls party (ee. pee. pee.) mein mukhyadhara key europeeya isai loktantriyon aur roodhivaadiyon key saath britten kii roodhivaadi party dwara dou dashakon key sahyog koo toda diyaa. isane iss aadhar parr aisaa kiya kii isamen europeeya sanghvaadiyon aur lisban sandhi key samarthakon kaa prabhutva haye, jisaki aam taur parr roodhivaadi atyadhik aalochana karate they.
logo.
jaba surr christopher losson koo 1981 mein roodhivaadi kendriya karyalaya mein vipanan nideshak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, tou unhein yeh jaankar ashcharya huaa kii kuchh vividh prateekon key alawa, party kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye koee logo naheen thaa. unhone union jack key rangon mein olympic lau key aadhar parr ack design vikasit kiya, jiska uddeshya netritva, jeetane key liye prayaas, samarpan aur samudaay kii bhavna kaa pratinidhitva karna thaa. party mein kuchh paramparavadiyon key virodh key bavjood, 1983 key aam chunaav key liye prateek koo apanaaya gayaa thaa. 1989 mein, party key sanchaar nideshak, brendon broose ney logo parr saarvajanik pratikriya mein kuchh bajar anusandhaan karane kaa faisala kiya. parinam yeh thaa kii prateek kii maanyata cumm thee aur logon ney ise puraane jamaane kaa aur apraspiriyapurna paaya. yeh taya kiya gayaa kii maujooda logo koo phir seey design kiya jaae, naa kii poori tarah seey nae logo koo apanaaya jaae, jise party key lokachar mein badalaav kaa sanket maanaa jaa sakata haye. michael peaters key netritva mein ack design company kaa upayog karate hue, ack mashal leey jaane vaale haath kii ack chhavi vikasit kii gaee thee, joe swatantrata kii pratima kaa sandarbh detee thee.
2006 mein, paryavaranvad key prati roodhivaadiyon kii pratibaddhata parr jore dene key liye ack rebranding abhyaas kiya gayaa thaa; 40,000 pound kii laagat vaali ack pariyojana key parinamswarup ack oak pedh kaa ack sketch kiya gayaa sylhoot, ack rashtriya prateek, jise "taakat, sahanshakti, navikaran aur vikas" kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, party key bheetar seey aalochana hui; poorv adhyaksh norman tabit ney rashtriya radio parr tippani kii kii nayaa haraa logo "broccoli key ack samooh" seey milata-julata haye. party sammelan mein prateek kaa anaavaran karane kaa irada thaa, lekin press mein ack leak key parinamswarup ise ack saptah pahale launch kiya gayaa thaa. harey seey paaramparik roodhivaadi neele rung mein ack parivartan 2007 mein dikhaai diyaa, usake baad 2010 mein union jack key saath ack sanskaran koo adhiropit kiya gayaa. manchester mein 2009 key sammelan mein lgbt karyakram key liye indradhanush dhwaj key rangon kii visheshta vaalaa ack vaikalpik sanskaran kaa anaavaran kiya gayaa thaa.
party gutt.
roodhivaadi party mein vibhinn prakaar key aantarik gutt yaa vichaardhaaraaen hain, jinamen ack-rashtra roodhivaad, samajik roodhivaad, thaicharvaad, paaramparik roodhivaad, nava-roodhivaad, eurosepticism aur isai loktantra shamil hain.
paaramparik roodhivaadi.
yeh samajik roop seey roodhivaadi dakshinpanthi samooh vartamaan mein aadhar samooh (yaa vishvaas, dhwaj aur parivaar) seey judaa huaa haye, aur roodhivaadi party key bheetar sabse purani parampara haye, joe uchch dharamvaad seey nikatata seey judee hui haye. yeh naam teen samajik sansthanon key samarthan seey utpann hotaa haih ingland kaa church, ekaatmak british raajya aur parivaar. iss uddeshya key liye, yeh desh kii anglikan viraasat parr jore detaa haye, sanyukt raajya seey door kissy bhee shakti key hastaantaran kaa virodh kartaa haye-yaa tou rashtron aur kshetron mein yaa europeeya sangh mein oopar kii or-aur paaramparik parivaar sanrachanaon parr adhik jore dene kii koshish kartaa haye taaki vaha britten mein ack toote hue samaaj key roop mein dekh sakey. yeh vivaah kaa ack majboot samarthak haye aur yeh maanata haye kii roodhivaadi party koo curr chhoot key saath sansthaan kaa samarthan karna chaahiye aur paaramparik parivaar sanrachana aur pitritva donon parr kathit hamalon kaa virodh kiya haye.
adhikansh loga uchch star key aapravaasan kaa virodh karate hain aur vartamaan 24-saptah garbhpaat seema koo cumm karane kaa samarthan karate hain. ateet mein kuchh sadasyon ney mrityudand key liye samarthan vyakt kiya haye. party key iss wing key pramukh sansadon mein andreau rosindale, nadin dorry, edward leh aur jacob rees-mogh shamil hain-baad vaale dou pramukh roman catholic hain, joe ingland key sthaapit church key liye apane samarthan seey chihnit ack gutt mein ullekhaniya hain.
ack-rashtra roodhivaadi.
20veen shatabdi mein 1970 key dashak mein thaicharvaad key uday taka ack-rashtra roodhivaad party kii pramukh vichardhara thee. isamen stanley baldwyn, harrold mcmillan aur edward heath jaise roodhivaadi pradhaan mantri shamil hain. samkaaleen party mein ack-rashtra roodhivaadiyon mein raajya key poorv pratham sachiv damien green shamil hain, joe ack rashtra roodhivaadiyon key cocus key vartamaan adhyaksh hain.
yeh naam khud israel key ack prasiddh vakyansh seey aaya haye. vaichaarik roop seey, ack-rashtra roodhivaad khud koo ack vyaapak paitrik roodhivaadi rukh key saath pahachaantaa haye. ack-rashtra roodhivaadi aksar tory sudhaar samooh aur dhanush samooh seey judey hotey hain. anuyaayi samajik samanjasya mein vishvaas karate hain aur samajik sansthanon kaa samarthan karate hain joe vibhinn hita samoohon, vargon aur haal hii mein-vibhinn naslon yaa dharmon key beach sadbhaav banaae rakhate hain. inn sansthanon mein aam taur parr kalyankari raajya, bee. bee. see. aur sthaaniya sarkaar shamil hain.
ack-rashtra roodhivaadi aksar admond barke aur nagrik samaaj ("chhoti platoon") parr samaaj kii neenv key roop mein unake jore key saath-saath sabhi prakaar kii kattarpanthi rajneeti key virodh kaa ahwan karate hain. phillip blond kaa laal tory siddhant ack-rashtra vichaar kaa ack hissa haye; pramukh laal tory mein poorv cabinet mantri ian duncan smith aur erich achaar aur raajya key sansadiya avar-sachiv jesse norman shamil hain. europeeya sangh key sambandh mein samarthakon key beach matbhed haye. kuchh loga iska samarthan karate hain joe shayed antarrashtriya star taka samanjasya siddhant key vistaar seey utpann hotaa haye, halanki anya loga eu (jaise peater tapsel) key khilaf hain.
mukt bajar roodhivaadi.
aarthik udaarvaadi dalon key "mukt-bajar shakha" ney 1975 mein party netaa key roop mein margaret thatcher key chunaav key baad prabhutva hassil kiya. unakaa lakshya arthavyavastha mein sarkaar kii bhoomika koo cumm karna thaa aur iss uddeshya key liye, unhone pratyaksh karadhan mein katauti, rashtriyakrit udyogon key nijikaran aur kalyankari raajya key aakar aur dayare mein kamee kaa samarthan kiya. mukt-bajar shakha" key samarthakon koo "datarite" key roop mein label kiya gayaa haye. samooh key samajik neeti key baare mein alag-alag vichaar hainh thatcher khud samajik roop seey roodhivaadi aur ack abhyaas karane vaalaa anglican thaa, lekin roodhivaadi party mein mukt-bajar shakha michael portillo, daniel hannon aur david davis key nagrik udaarvaadi vichaaron seey laker poorv party netaaon villium hegg aur ian dunken smith key paaramparik roodhivaad taka samajik vichaaron kii ack shrinkhala koo aashray detee haye. thaturite wing "vargaheen samaaj" kii avadharana seey bhee judaa huaa haye.
jabaki party key kaee sadasya europeeya samarthak hain, kuchh mukt-vipanak euroseptic hain, joe adhikansh europeeya sangh key niyamon koo mukt bajar mein hastakshep aur/yaa british samprabhuta key liye khatare key roop mein dekhate hain. europeeya sangh kaa kendrikaran sthaaniyavaadi aadarshon key saath bhee sangharsh kartaa haye joe haal key varshon mein party key bheetar pramukhta mein badhe hain. durlabh thaturite europhiles mein leone britton shamil thaa. kaee loga 1988 mein usa vyakti key brajes bhaashan seey prerana lete hain, jisamen usane ghoshana kii thee kii "hamane britten mein raajya kii seemaon koo safaltapurvak vaapas naheen kiya haye taaki unhein europeeya star parr phir seey lagu kiya jaa sakey. kaee mukt-bajar roodhivaadiyon ney europeeya sangh chhodane key liye behtar pratigya parr hastakshar kiye hain. party mein thaturite aur aarthik udaarvaadi atlaantikvaad kaa samarthan karate hain, joe margaret thatcher aur ronald reegan key beach pradarshit hotaa haye.
thatcher ney khud udaar arthshastra kii raksha key liye barke aur friedrich hayek key karyon seey daarshanik prerana kaa daavaa kiya. iss parampara seey judey samoohon mein peechhe mudane vaalaa samooh aur roodhivaadi maarg shamil naheen haye, jabaki anoch powell aur keath joseph koo aamtaur parr andolan mein praarambhik prabhaavon key roop mein uddhrit kiya jaataa haye. party key bheetar kuchh mukt-bajar samarthak aur isai loktantravaadi samajik bajar arthavyavastha kii vakaalat karate hain, joe samajik aur paryavaraniya jimmedaari key saath-saath ack kalyankari raajya key saath-saath mukt baajaron kaa samarthan kartaa haye. joseph ney british rajneeti mein model vichaar koo pesh karane vaale pahale vyakti they, prakaashan likhate hueh "britten koo samajik bajar arthavyavastha kii aavashyakta kyon haye.
guton key beach sambandh.
kabhi-kabhi dou samooh teesare kaa virodh karane key liye ekjut hoe jaate hain. thaturite aur paaramparik roodhivaadiyon donon ney johnn mejar key pradhaan mantri key dauran europe (aur vishesh roop seey mastrict) parr vidroh kiya; aur paaramparik aur ack rashtra aim. pee. aiss. ney sansad mein margaret thatcher kii ekmatra badee haar koo, ravivaar key vyaapaar parr, dene key liye ekjut hue.
sabhi roodhivaadi aim. pee. aiss. koo uparokt samoohon mein seey ack key bheetar aasaani seey naheen rakhaa jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, 1990 key netritva chunaav key dauran johnn mejar pratyaksh roop seey "thaturite" ummidwar they, lekin unhone pradhaanmantri key roop mein apane samay key dauran lagaatar ack-rashtra roodhivaadiyon koo apane mantrimandal key uchch star taka badhaava diyaa. inmein sarkari khajaane key kuladhipati key roop mein keneth clark aur upa pradhaan mantri key roop mein michael hesseltin shamil they.
chunavi pradarshan aur abhiyaan.
roodhivaadi party key bheetar rashtriya prachaar kaa prabandhan mool roop seey see. see. aich. kyu. prachaar dall dwara kiya jaataa haye, joe isake kendriya karyalaya kaa hissa haye.
haalaanki, yeh kshetra mein roodhivaadi sanghon key liye sthaaniya jimmedaari bhee prastut kartaa haye, aamtaur parr usa kshetra mein roodhivaadi kaaryakartaon aur swayamsevakon kii ack team key liye, lekin abhiyaan abhee bhee tainaat hain aur iss prakaar see. aich. kyu. dwara prabandhit kiye jaate hain.
rashtriya abhiyaan kabhi-kabhi westminster mein see. see. aich. kyu. mein swayamsevakon aur karmchaariyon dwara apane ghar mein kiya jaataa haye.
matadaata sanchaar vibhaag" line-prabandhit sanchaar key roodhivaadi nideshak dwara kiya jaataa haye joe samagr jimmedaari koo banaae rakhta haye, halanki usake paas uska samarthan karane vaale kaee karmchari hain, aur chunaav key samay puuraa see. aich. kyu., uska vibhaag iss samay sabse pramukh haye, jisamen pariyojana prabandhak, karyakari sahayak, rajneta aur swayamsevak shamil hain. roodhivaadi party key paas kshetriya coll center aur vote source doo-itt-from-home khaate bhee hain.
britten mein chunaav.
britten key aam chunaav.
yeh chart 1835 key baad seey pratyek aam chunaav mein roodhivaadi party key chunavi pradarshan koo darshaata haye.
party key poorvavarti, tory key parinamon key liye, yahaan dekhein.
chunaav hue.
uttari ireland mein chunaav hue.
"1973 seey pahale, alster unionwadi party ney roodhivaadi party kii vaastavik uttari ireland shakha key roop mein kaam kiya. yuu. yuu. pee. key parinam yahaan dekhe jaa sakate hain."

