
kamal 1-2-3

kamal 1-2-3 kamal software (baad mein IBM kaa hissa) seey ack bund spreadsheet prograam haye. yeh aaee. bee. aim. pee. see. kaa pahala ghaatak anuprayog thaa, 1980 key dashak mein behad lokpriya thaa, aur vyaavsaayik bajar mein aaee. bee. aim. pee. see.-sangat kii safalata mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa.
pahali spreadsheet, visikaalk ney apple II koo vyaavsaayik upayog mein sabse pahale vyaktigat computers mein seey ack key roop mein launch karane mein madad kii thee. bajar mein aaee. bee. aim. key pravesh key saath, visikaalk pratikriya dene mein dheema thaa, aur jaba unhone aisaa kiya, tou unhone bahut vistaarit hardware kshamataon key bavjood anivarya roop seey apani maujooda pranali kaa ack seedha bandargah launch kiya. kamal key samadhan koo teen-mein-ack ekikrit samadhan key roop mein vipanan kiya gayaa thaah yeh spreadsheet ganana, databases karyakshamta aur chitramaya chart koo sambhalata thaa, isaliye naam "1-2-3", halanki utpaad mein vaastav mein kitni databases kshamata thee, yeh bahas yogya thaa, kyonki 1-2-3 koo launch karane key baad bachee hui viral smriti koo dekhate hue. yeh jaldi seey visikalk, saath hii saath multiplan aur supercalk, dou visikalk pratiyogiyon koo peechhe chhod gayaa.
kamal 1-2-3 1980 key dashak mein aur 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein atyaadhunik spreadsheet aur maanak thaa, joe ack poorna vyaavsaayik munch banaane key liye teen swatantra karyalaya swachaalan utpaadon key ack anaupchaarik samooh kaa hissa thaa, jisamen debase aur wordperfect shamil they. kamal software kaa apana word processor thaa jiska naam kamal pandulipi thaa, jise kuchh hudd taka shikshaavidon mein saraha gayaa thaa, lekin naa tou vyavasaay kii ruchi koo aakarshit kiya, naa hii upabhokta bajar. 1990 mein windows 3 kii sweekriti key saath, desktop software kaa bajar aur bhee badh gayaa. kissy bhee pramukh spreadsheet developers ney apane doss prastaavon key poorak key liye graphical user interfaces (jee. yuu. aaee.) parr gambhirta seey vichaar naheen kiya thaa, aur isaliye unhone microsoft key apane jee. yuu. aaee.-adharit utpaadon axel aur word key liye dheere-dheere pratikriya dee. 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein microsoft ney kamal koo peechhe chhod diyaa thaa aur kabhi thheek naheen huaa. aaee. bee. aim. ney 1995 mein kamal kharida, aur kamal kii peshkashon koo bechana jaari rakhaa, kewal 2013 mein aadhikarik roop seey bikri samaapt hui.
itihas.
visical.
visikaalk koo 1979 mein seb II parr launch kiya gayaa thaa aur turant yeh best-seller bunn gayaa. pahale key karyakramon kii tulanaa mein, visikalk ney vyaavhaarik roop seey kissy bhee uddeshya key liye aasaani seey mukt-roop ganana pranaliyon kaa nirmaan karane kii anumati dee, seemaaen mukhya roop seey computer kii smriti aur gati seey sambandhit theen. anuprayog itna sammohak thaa kii logon dwara karyakram koo chalaane key liye seb II masheenen khareedane kii kaee kahaaniyan theen (lekh hatyare anuprayog dekhein). seb parr visikalk kii bhaag jaane vaali safalata ney anya platforms parr seedhe bugg sangat bandargaahon koo janm diyaa, jisamen attari 8-bitt parivaar, commodore paltu janwar aur kaee anya shamil hain. isamen aaee. bee. aim. pee. see. shamil thaa jaba ise 1981 mein launch kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan yeh jaldi hii ack aur best-seller bunn gayaa, bajar mein pahale chhah maheenon mein anumaanit 300,000 bikri key saath.
vicycle key saath achchi tarah seey gyaat samasyaaen theen, aur kaee pratiyogiyon ney inmein seey kuchh muddon koo sambodhit kiya. ack praarambhik udaaharan 1980 kaa supercalk thaa, jisane vrittakar sandarbhon kii samasya koo hull kiya, jabaki thodaa baad kaa udaaharan 1981 kaa microsoft multiplan thaa, jisane badee sheet aur anya sudhaaron kii peshkash kii. inn sabke bavjood, aur anya, visikalk ney una sabhi koo pachhaadana jaari rakhaa.
shuruat.
kamal vikas nigam kii sthaapana visikaalk key developers key mitra michel kaapar ney kii thee. 1-2-3 mool roop seey jonathan sax dwara likhaa gayaa thaa, jinhone pahale sankendrit detta system, ink mein kaam karate hue dou spreadsheet prograam likhe they. britten aur sambhavatah anya jagahon parr apane vikas mein sahaayata key liye, kamal 1-2-3 television upabhokta vigyaapan kaa upayog karane vaalaa pahala computer software bunn gayaa.
kapore mukhya roop seey ack vipanan guru they. gair-takniki upayogkartaon koo aakarshit karane key liye apane utpaad koo vikasit karane kii unaki kshamata isaki teji seey safalata kaa ack rahasya thaa. kaee praudyogikividon key vipareet, caper apane upayogkarta nirdeshon koo adhik upayogkarta-anukool banaane key liye phocus samooh pratikriya parr nirbhar thaa. ack udaaharan-floppy disk key saath aaney vaale nirdeshon mein likhaa thaah "surakshaatmak aavaran koo hataa dein aur disk koo computer mein daalen."kuchh phocus samooh pratibhagiyon ney disk vaahak key sakht plastic lifafe koo faadane kii koshish kii. kaapar kii maanyata kii takniki-bolane vaale nirdeshon kaa maanak angreji mein anuvaad karane kii aavashyakta thee, utpaad kii lokpriyata mein ack majboot yogadankarta thaa.
kamal 1-2-3 26 janwari 1983 koo release hui thee, aur bikri mein turant visikalk koo peechhe chhod diyaa. microsoft multiplan key vipareet, yeh "aeye1" akshar aur sankhya koshika sanketan, aur slash-menu sanrachana sahit visaikalk key model key bahut karib rhaa. ise saaf-suthare tareeke seey kramaadeshit kiya gayaa thaa, apekshaakrit bugg-mukt, poori tarah seey x86 assembly bhasha mein likhe jaane seey gati praapt kii gaee (yeh 3 taka sabhi doss sanskaranon key liye mamla banaa rhaa, jaba kamal see parr switch kiya gayaa) aur dheemi doss aur/yaa bios paath output karyon kaa upayog karane key bajaay seedhe video memori mein likhaa gayaa.
kamal dwara pesh kii gaee anya naveentaon mein ack graph nirmaata thaa joe graph key kaee roopon (paaee chart, baar graphics yaa line chart sahit) koo pradarshit curr sakata thaa, lekin upayogkarta key paas ack graphics card honah aavashyak thaa. iss praarambhik charan mein, computer key liye upalabdh ekmatra video board aaee. bee. aim. kaa rung/graphics adaptor aur monochrom display aur printer adaptor they, joe baad vaalaa kissy bhee graphics kaa samarthan naheen kartaa thaa. haalaanki, kyonki donon video board alag-alag raim aur port patey kaa upayog karate they, donon koo ack hii machine mein sthaapit kiya jaa sakata thaa aur isaliye kamal ney ack "split" screen mode kaa samarthan karke iska laabh uthaaya, jisake madhyam seey upayogkarta 1-2-3 key worksheet bhaag koo tej monochrom video parr aur see. jee. aeye. display parr graphics pradarshit curr sakata thaa.
1-2-3 key praarambhik vimochan ney kewal teen video setup kaa samarthan kiyaah cga, mda (jiss sthiti mein graph nirmaata upalabdh naheen thaa) yaa dohri-nigrani mode. haalaanki, kuchh maheenon baad herculis computer praudyogiki key herculis graphics adaptor key liye samarthan jodaa gayaa joe mda kaa ack clone thaa jisane bitmap mode kii anumati dee thee. uchch-resolution paath aur graphics kshamataon (rung kii keemat parr) kii kshamata behad lokpriya saabit hui aur kamal 1-2-3 koo herculis graphics card koo lokpriya banaane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye.
kamal 1-2-3 key baad key release ney samay key saath-saath adhik video manakon kaa samarthan kiya, jisamen egaa, aitt aind tii/olivatti aur vga shamil they. mahatvapurna roop seey, pee. see. jey. aar./tandy mode key liye samarthan kabhi naheen jodaa gayaa thaa aur una machines key upayogkarta see. jee. aeye. graphics taka seemit they.
1-2-3 key shuruati sanskaranon mein bhee ack pramukh disk prati suraksha thee. jabaki prograam haard disk sthaapit karane yogya thaa, upayogkarta koo 1-2-3 oopar shuru karate samay mool floppy disk dalni thee. iss suraksha yojana koo aasaani seey toda diyaa gayaa aur ghar key upayogkartaon key liye ack chhoti see asuvidha hui, lekin ack karyalaya setting mein ack gambhir upadrav saabit huaa. release 3 seey shuru karate hue, kamal ney abb pratilipi sanrakshan kaa upayog naheen kiya. haalaanki, taba kissy key naam aur company key naam key saath system disk koo "aarambh karna" aavashyak thaa taaki prograam kii prati koo anukoolit kiya jaa sakey. 2. 2 aur usase adhik kii release mein yeh aavashyakta thee. yeh ack aparivartaniya prakriya thee jaba taka kii koee mool disk kii sateek prati naheen banaa letaa thaa taaki prograam koo kissy aur koo sthanantarit karane key liye naam badal sakein.
aaee. bee. aim. pee. see. key vishisht hardware parr nirbharta key kaaran 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein jaba pc clone dikhaai diye tou sahee aaee. dee. 2. sangatata key liye microsoft udaan simulator key saath dou tanaav pareekshan anuprayogon mein seey ack key roop mein aaee. dee. 1. kaa upayog kiya gayaa. 1-2-3 key liye dou disk drive aur cumm seey cumm 192k memori kii aavashyakta thee, jisase yeh IBM PCJR key saath asangat hoe gayaa; kamal ney PCJR key liye ack sanskaran kaa utpaadan kiya joe dou cartridge parr thaa lekin anyatha samaan thaa.
1984 kii shuruat taka software aaee. bee. aim. pc aur sangatata key liye ack ghaatak aip thaa, jabaki una computers kii bikri koo nuksan pahunchaata thaa joe ise chalaa naheen sakate they. "way 1-2-3 kii talash curr rahey hain. ladke, kyaa way 1-2-3 kii talash curr rahey hain!"infoworld" ney likhaa. yeh dekhate hue kii computer kharidar kuchh computer software key saath sangatata key roop mein computer sangatata naheen chaahte they, patrika ney sujhaav diyaa kii "aaie ise vaise hii bataa dein jaise yeh haye. maan leejiye kii 'pc sangat' yaa 'ms-doss sangat' bhee naheen haye.'isake bajaay, maan leejiye kii '1-2-3 sangat.'pc clone' vigyaapan mein aksar pramukhta seey kahaa jaataa thaa kii way 1-2-3 key saath sangat they. ack aippal II software company ney vaadaa kiya kii isaki spreadsheet mein "1-2-3 kii shakti" thee. kyonki spreadsheet badee matra mein memori kaa upayog karate hain, 1-2-3 ney pc mein adhik raim kshamataon koo lokpriya banaane mein madad kii, aur vishesh roop seey vistaarit memori key aagaman ney 640k seey adhik taka pahunchane kii anumati dee.
pratidvandi.
kamal 1-2-3 prerit anukarankarta, jinamen seey pahala mozek software kaa "dha twin" thaa, joe 1985 key anta mein kaafee hudd taka see bhasha mein likhaa gayaa thaa, usake baad vp-planner, jise addam ausborne dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa. yeye naa kewal 1-2-3 faailon koo padhane mein saksham they, balki ack hii kamaand sanrachana koo shamil karke kaee yaa adhikansh macro programon koo nishpaadit karane mein bhee saksham they. copyrite kaanoon koo pahali baar kewal ack karyakram key srot code koo shamil karane key liye samajha gayaa thaa. mukdamon kii safalata key baad, jisamen daavaa kiya gayaa thaa kii ack karyakram key "roop aur anubhav" koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa, kamal ney kissy bhee karyakram koo pratibandhit karane kii maang kii, jisamen ack sangat adesh aur menu sanrachana thee. prograam kamaand koo pahale shamil naheen maanaa gayaa thaa, lekin 1-2-3 key kamaand screen parr pradarshit menu key shabdon mein embed kiye gaye they. 1-2-3 ney paperback software international aur mozek software ink key khilaf apani 3 saal kii lambi adalati ladaai jeeti. haalaanki, 1990 mein, jaba isane "kamal banaam" mein apani quatro pro spreadsheet parr borland parr mukadama daayar kiya. borland, "ack 6 saal kii ladaai joe 1996 mein sarvocch nyayalaya mein samaapt hui, antim nirnay software parr copyrite kaanoon kii prayojyata koo sankuchit karane kaa samarthan kartaa prateet huaa; aisaa isaliye haye kyonki nichali adalat key faisale kii kewal ack sangat kamaand menu yaa bhasha kaa honah copyrite ullanghan naheen thaa, koo barkarar rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin kewal gatirodh key madhyam seey. 1995 mein, pahale paripath mein paaya gayaa kii adesh menu copyrite adhiniyam kii dhaara 102 (bee) key tahat ack copyrite yogya "sanchaalan kii vidhi" haye. 1-2-3 menu sanrachana (udaaharan key liye, slash file mitana) apane aap mein visical mein pesh kiye gaye ekal akshar menu kaa ack unnat sanskaran thaa. jaba mamla sarvocch nyayalaya key samaksh aaya, tou nyayadhishon key beach 4-4 seey gatirodh samaapt hoe gayaa. iska matlab thaa kii borland vijayi huaa thaa, lekin computer software parr copyrite kaanoon jiss hudd taka lagu hoga, vaha aprakaashit aur anirdhaarit rhaa.
girawat.
microsoft key shuruati spreadsheet multiplan ney antatah axel koo raasta diyaa, joe 1985 mein mckintosh parr shuru huaa. yeh 1987 mein windows 2. x key jaari honey key saath computer parr aaya, lekin choonki windows abhee taka lokpriya naheen thaa, isaliye isane spreadsheet kii bikri parr kamal key dabadabe key liye koee gambhir khatra paida naheen kiya. haalaanki, iss avadhi mein kamal koo takniki asafalataon kaa saamana karna padaa. kamal 1-2-3 kaa sanskaran 3, jise poori tarah seey apane mool macro assembler seey adhik portable see bhasha mein parivartit kiya gayaa thaa, ack saal seey adhik samay taka vilambit rhaa kyonki poori tarah seey nae 1-2-3 koo platforms mein portable banaaya jaanaa thaa aur maujooda macro sett aur file praarupon key saath poori tarah seey sangat honah thaa. compile kiye gaye see key badey code aakar koo cumm-shakti vaali machines mein fitt karane mein asamarthata ney company koo apane spreadsheet prastaavon koo vibhajit karane key liye majboor curr diyaa, jisamen 1-2-3 kewal uchch-anta machines key liye 3 jaari kiya gayaa, aur 2.1 assembler code aadhar parr adharit ack nayaa sanskaran 2.2, vistaarit memori key binaa pc key liye upalabdh haye. 1989 mein jaba taka inn sanskaranon koo jaari kiya gayaa, taba taka microsoft ney kamal kii bajar hissedari koo samaapt curr diyaa thaa.
1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein, khidakiyon kii lokpriyata mein vriddhi hui, aur isake saath-saath axel, jisane dheere-dheere kamal koo apani pramukh sthiti seey visthaapit curr diyaa. khidakiyon key liye 1-2-3 kaa ack niyojit kull sudhaar toot gayaa, aur company kewal ack chitramaya interfaces kaa upayog karane key alawa koee badalaav naheen karate hue apani maujooda spreadsheet kaa ack windows anukoolan curr sakati thee. isake alawa, 1-2-3 key kaee sanskaranon mein alag-alag visheshtaen aur thode alag interfaces they.
kamal kaa ichchit uttaradhikari, kamal symphany, apekshit "ekikrit software" bajar mein kamal kaa pravesh thaa. iska uddeshya praathamik aul-inn-vann 1-2-3 koo ack poorna spreadsheet, graph, databases aur doss key liye word processor mein vistaarit karna thaa, lekin koee bhee ekikrit package vaastav mein kabhi safal naheen huaa. kamal smartsuit key hisse key roop mein kamal 1-2-3 khidakiyon key munch parr sthanantarit hoe gayaa.
1990 key dashak key dauran aaee. bee. aim. key kamal smartsuit aur os/2 key nirantar vikas aur vipanan ney ise kramshah microsoft offices aur microsoft windows key saath seedhi pratispardha mein rakhaa. natijatan, microsoft ney aaee. bee. aim. pc company koo adhik kimaton, windows 95 key liye dair seey licenses aur takniki aur vipanan sahaayata koo rokane key liye dandit kiya."microsoft ney 24 agast 1995 koo windows 95 key jaari honey seey 15 minut pahale taka aaee. bee. aim. koo windows 95 key liye oh. ee. aim. adhikaar naheen diye they. iss anishchitata key kaaran, aaee. bee. aim. masheenen windows 95 key binaa bechi gaeen, jabaki compack, aich. pee. aur anya companiyon ney pahale dinn seey hii windows 95 vaali masheenen bechin.
11 juuna 2013 koo, aaee. bee. aim. ney ghoshana kii kii vaha kamal brand koo vaapas leey legaah aaee. bee. aim. kamal 1-2-3 sahasrabdi sanskaran vee. 9. aiks., aaee. bee. aim. kamal smartsuit 9. aiks. v9.8.0, aur aayojak v6.1.0. aaee. bee. aim. ney kahaa, "graahak abb 30 sitambar 2014 key baad inn peshkashon key liye samarthan praapt naheen curr paayenge. koee seva vistaar kii peshkash naheen kii jaayegi. koee pratisthaapan karyakram naheen honge."
upayogkarta visheshataaen.
1-2-3" naam utpaad kii teen mukhya kshamataon key ekikaran seey utpann huaah isaki mukhya spreadsheet karyakshamta key saath, 1-2-3 ney abhinn charting/graphing aur praathamik databases sanchaalan kii bhee peshkash kii.
detta visheshtaon mein aaytaakaar kshetra mein ack yaa dou stambhon mein jaankaari key crum dwara kissy bhee paribhaashit aayat mein detta koo chhantana shamil thaa. paath koo paragraph mein ack seema mein uchit thaharaane seey iska upayog ack adim word processor key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
isamen keyboard-sanchaalit popp-upp menu key saath-saath ack-kunji adesh bhee they, jisase yeh teji seey kaam kartaa thaa. yeh upayogkarta key anukool bhee thaa, jisamen aff1 kunji dwara axes kii gaee sandarbh-samvedansheel sahaayata kaa ack praarambhik udaaharan pesh kiya gayaa thaa.
sanskaran ack mein macro aur aid-inn (sanskaran 2 mein pesh kiye gaye) ney 1-2-3 kii lokpriyata mein bahut yogdan diyaa, jisase darjanon baahari vikretaon koo aff9 jaise samarpit vittiya karyapatrakon seey laker poorna word processor taka key macro package aur aid-inn bechane kii anumati millie. ekal-kaary ms-doss mein, 1-2-3 kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi ack poorna karyalaya suit key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. sabhi pramukh graphics manakon kaa samarthan kiya gayaa thaa; shuru mein see. jee. aeye. aur herculis, aur baad mein ee. jee. aeye., aeye. tii. aind. tii., aur vee. jee. aeye.. praarambhik sanskaranon mein file naam vistaar "doubleu. key. aiss". kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. sanskaran 2 mein, vistaar pahale "dablyuke1", phir "dablyuke2" mein badal gayaa. yeh baad mein sanskaran 3 key liye "dablyuke3" aur sanskaran 4 key liye "dablyuke4" bunn gayaa.
sanskaran 2 ney vakyavinyas aur ack unnat buniyaadi dubhashiya key samaan jatilata vaale aadeshon key saath-saath string charr abhivyaktiyon key saath macro koo pesh kiya. baad key sanskaranon ney kaee karyapatrakon kaa samarthan kiya aur unhein see mein likhaa gayaa. charting/graphing dincharyaaen jeremi saagan (carle saagan key putra) dwara aur printing dincharyaaen paul funk (funk software key sansthaapak) dwara likhi gaee theen.
pc sanskaran itihas.
doses.
vaastavik mode (8088 +).
doss key liye 1-2-3 key yeye sanskaran mukhya roop seey x86 vidhansabha bhasha mein likhe gaye they.
sanrakshit mode (80286 +).
doss key liye 1-2-3 key yeye sanskaran mukhya roop seey see mein likhe gaye they.
file praarup.
kamal 1-2-3 file praarup vibhinn file naam vistaaron kaa upayog karate hain jinamen 123, Wks, Wk1, Wk2, Wk3, Wk4 shamil hain, inmein seey kuchh online sahyog, libreophis aur apaache openoffice key desktop anuprayogon mein khul sakate hain, inhen phir appendcument praarup yaa anya file praarupon mein saheja jaa sakata haye.
swaagat.
1982 mein aaee. bee. aim. computer parr "1-2-3" kaa purvavlokan karane key baad, "bite" ney spreadsheet, databases aur graphing karyon koo sunder dhang seey sanyojit karane key liye ise "mamuli roop seey krantikari" kahaa. isane anuprayog kii gati aur upayog mein aasaani kii prashansa karate hue kahaa kii antarnihit sahaayata screen aur tutorial key saath, "1-2-3 software key kuchh tukadon mein seey ack haye jiska shaabdik roop seey koee bhee upayog curr sakata haye. aap 1-2-3 aur [ack IBM PC] khareed sakate hain aur ack hii dinn donon koo ack saath chalaa sakate hain.  "1983 mein "pc patrika" ney 1-2-3 koo ack shaktishali aur prabhaavshaali karyakram kahaa... ack spreadsheet key roop mein, yeh utkrisht haye, aur isake bahut tej pradarshan key liye assembly bhasha mein likhe jaane koo jimmedaar thaharaaya.
keede.
kamal 1-2-3 maanata haye kii 1900 ack adhivarsh haye. yeh galat haye kyonki 1900 ack aisaa varsh haye joe chaar seey vibhaajya haye, 100 seey vibhaajya varshon koo leap varsh key roop mein naheen ginaa jaataa haye jaba taka kii 400 seey vibhaajya naa hoe. yeh bugg aaj bhee apane pratidvandi, microsoft axel key roop mein banaa huaa haye, joe abhee bhee viraasat kamal 1-2-3 spreadsheet key saath sangatata sunishchit karane key liye bugg koo shamil kartaa haye.