
zimbabwe kii arthavyavastha

zimbabwe kii arthavyavastha arthavyavastha key tritiyak kshetra parr nirbhar karati haye, jise arthavyavastha key seva kshetra key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, joe 2017 taka kull jee. dee. pee. kaa 60 pratishat taka haye. zimbabwe kii anaupchaarik arthavyavastha pratishat key hisab seey duniya mein doosari sabse badee haye, jiska score 60.6% haye. krishi aur khanan badey paimaane parr niryaat mein yogdan karate hain. 1999 aur 2008 key beach nirantar nakaratmak vikas key baad, zimbabwe kii arthavyavastha 2008 seey 2013 taka 34 pratishat kii vaarshik darr seey badhee, jisase yeh duniya mein sabse teji seey badhati arthavyavastha bunn gaee. taba seey vikas asthir rhaa haye, lekin anta seey anta key aadhar parr ausatan 5 pratishat rhaa haye.
desh mein dhaatu-shreni chromite key bhandar hain. anya vaanijyik khanij bhandaron mein koyla, asbestus, tamba, nickle, sonaa, platinum aur lauh ayask shamil hain.
vartamaan aarthik sthitiyaan.
2000 mein, zimbabwe ney upanivesh key madhyam seey praapt shwet swaamitva vaale, vaanijyik kheton koo ekatra karane aur bhoomi koo ashwet bahumat koo vaapas karane key liye ack bhoomi punarvitaran adhiniyam kii yojana banaai. nae nivasi, jinamen mukhya roop seey swadeshi nagrik aur sattaaroodh zaanu-pee. aff. prashaasan key kaee pramukh sadasya shamil they, krishi mein anubhavaheen yaa ruchi naheen rakhate they, jisase way pichhale bhoomi maalikon key shram-gahan, atyadhik kushal prabandhan koo banaae rakhane mein whiffle rahey. bhoomi yaa upkaran bechkar alpakaalik laabh praapt kiya gayaa. krishi visheshagyata kii samkaaleen kamee ney niryaat mein gambhir nuksan koo janm diyaa aur bajar key vishvaas koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit kiya. desh mein khaadya utpaadan mein bhaari girawat aaee haye aur bekaar bhoomi kaa upayog abb graameen samudaayon dwara kiya jaa rhaa haye joe aajeevika kheti kaa abhyaas curr rahey hain. makka jaise mukhya khaadya padarthon kaa utpaadan, tambaku aur coffey sahit vishisht niryaat fasalon key vipareet, tadnusar thheek hoe gayaa haye. zimbabwe ney vishva itihas mein darj atee mudrasfeeti kii 30veen ghatana koo bhee banaae rakhaa haye.
sarkari kharch jee. dee. pee. kaa 29.7% haye. raajya udyamon koo bhaari subsidy dee jaati haye. curr aur shulk adhik hain, aur raajya viniyaman companiyon key liye mahanga haye. vyavasaay shuru karna yaa bund karna dheema aur mahanga hotaa haye. shram bajar key niyamon key kaaran, shramikon koo kaam parr rakhna aur unhein samaapt karna ack lambi prakriya haye. 2008 taka berojgari badhkar 94 pratishat hoe gaee thee.
dilchasp baat yeh haye kii disambar 2021 mein zimbabwe kii aadhikarik berojgari darr, vishva baink key anusaar bhee, 5.17% thee, jisase yeh africa mein sabse cumm berojgari daron mein seey ack bunn gaee. ise zimbabwe mein rojgar websites dwara bhee samarthit kiya jaa sakata haye jaise kii zimbabwe mein kaam joe zimbabwe mein dainik roop seey kaee naukariyon koo post kartaa haye.
africa pragati panel kii 2014 kii ack report mein paaya gayaa kii, sabhi african deshon mein seey yeh nirdhaarit karate samay jaanch kii gaee kii prati vyakti jee. dee. pee. koo doguna karane mein kitane saal lagenge, zimbabwe ney sabse kharaab pradarshan kiya, aur yeh kii vikas kii apani vartamaan darr parr desh koo apane prati vyakti jee. dee. pee. koo doguna karane mein 190 saal lagenge. swadeshikaran karyakram (anivarya adhigrahan) key aspas kii anishchitata, ack swatantra press kii kathit kamee, americi dollar koo aadhikarik mudra key roop mein chhodane kii sambhavana, aur aim. dee. see. key saath rashtriya ekataa kii sarkaar key anta key baad raajneetik anishchitata key saath-saath zaanu-pee. aff. key bheetar shakti sanghrshon ney chintaon koo badhaa diyaa haye kii desh kii aarthik sthiti aur bigad sakati haye.
sitambar 2016 mein vitt mantri ney arthavyavastha key kharaab pradarshan key mahatvapurna karanon key roop mein "utpaadan key nimn star aur sahayak vyaapaar antar, mahatvaheen pratyaksh videshi nivesh aur bhaari bakaaya key kaaran antarrashtriya vitt taka pahunch kii kamee" kii pehchaan kii.
vishva baink samooh dwara jaari 190 vyavasaay karane mein aasaani kii report mein seey zimbabwe 140 mein aaya. unhein rinn praapt karane kii kshamata (85vein sthaan parr) aur alpasankhyak niveshakon (95vein sthaan parr) kii suraksha key liye uchch sthaan diyaa gayaa thaa.
buniyaadi dhancha aur sansaadhan.
parivahan.
zimbabwe key aantarik parivahan aur vidyut oorjaa network paryaapt hain; phir bhee, rakharkhaav koo kaee varshon seey nazarandaj kiya gayaa haye. kharaab pakki rajmarg pramukh shahari aur audyogik kshetron koo jodati hain, jabaki zimbabwe key rashtriya railway dwara niyantrit rail laainen zimbabwe koo ack vishal madhya african rail network seey jodati hain joe ise apane sabhi padosiyon seey jodati hain.
oorjaa.
zimbabwe bijli aapoorti pradhikaran desh koo bijli pradaan karane key liye jimmedaar haye. zimbabwe mein vidyut oorjaa key utpaadan key liye dou badee suvidhaaen hain, kariba baandh (zambia key saath swaamitva) aur 1983 seey hwange koyla kshetra seey satey badey hwange thermal power station dwara. haalaanki, kull utpaadan kshamata maang koo puuraa naheen karati haye, jisase blackout hoe jaataa haye. hwang station vriddhavastha aur rakharkhaav kii upeksha key kaaran apani poori kshamata kaa upayog karane mein saksham naheen haye. 2006 mein, dhahati hui buniyaadi sanrachana aur generator aur koyla khanan key liye spare parts kii kamee key kaaran zimbabwe apani 40 pratishat bijli kaa ayaat kartaa haye, jisamen loktaantrik ganarajya kango seey 100 megawatt, mosambic seey 200 megawatt, dakshin africa seey 450 megawatt aur zambia seey 300 megawatt shamil hain. maee 2010 mein desh kii bijli utpaadan kshamata 2500 megawatt kii adhikatam maang key mukabale 940 megawatt anumaanit thee. sthaaniya chhote paimaane key generators kaa upayog vyaapak haye.
telephone.
naee telephone laainen praapt karna mushkil huaa kartaa thaa. haalaanki, telon key saath, zimbabwe mein kewal ack nishchit line seva pradaata haye. cellular phone network ack vikalp haye. pramukh mobile phone sanchaalak telesel, nett * vann aur econet hain.
krishi.
zimbabwe mein krishi koo dou bhaagon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haih kapas, tambaku, coffey, moongfali aur vibhinn falon jaisi fasalon kii vaanijyik kheti, aur makka yaa gehuun jaisi mukhya fasalon key saath nirvaah kheti.
2000 mein vivadaspad bhoomi punarvitaran karyakram shuru honey taka vaanijyik kheti lagbhag vishesh roop seey shwet alpsankhyakon key haathon mein thee. zimbabwe mein bhoomi koo gorey kisaanon seey jabaran jabt curr liya gayaa thaa aur kaale basane vaalon koo phir seey vitarit kiya gayaa thaa, jise mugabe ney iss aadhar parr uchit thaharaaya kii yeh upaniveshvaad seey bachee asamaantaon koo sudhaarne key liye thaa. nae maalikon key paas bhoomi adhikaar naheen they, aur iss tarah unake paas baink rinn praapt karane key liye aavashyak sampaarshvik naheen thaa. chhote kisaanon koo bhee vyaavsaayik star kii krishi kaa anubhav naheen thaa.
bhoomi punarvitaran key baad, zimbabwe kii adhikansh bhoomi gir gaee, aur krishi utpaadan mein bhaari kamee aaee. zimbabwe vishvavidyalaya ney 2008 mein anuman lagaaya thaa kii 2000 aur 2007 key beach krishi utpaadan mein 51 pratishat kii kamee aaee haye. zimbabwe kii mukhya niryaat fasal tambaku kaa utpaadan 2000 seey 2008 taka 79 pratishat cumm hoe gayaa.
krishi kii anubandh pranali aur badhati cheeni maang key kaaran 2008 key baad tambaku utpaadan mein sudhaar huaa. antarrashtriya tambaku companiyan, jaise british americi tambaku aur chean tambaku, kisaanon koo krishi nivesh, upkaran aur rinn kii aapoorti karati hain, aur tambaku ugaane mein unaki nigrani karati hain. 2018 taka, tambaku utpaadan 258 million kilogram taka pahunch gayaa thaa, joe record parr doosari sabse badee fasal thee. adhikanshatah europeeya aur americi companiyon koo beche jaane vaale badey safed-swaamitva vaale kheton key bajaay, zimbabwe key tambaku kshetra mein abb chhote kaale-swaamitva vaale khet hain joe chean koo fasal kaa aadhaa seey adhik niryaat karate hain. 2017 mein zimbabwe key sakal gharelu utpaad mein tambaku kii kheti kaa hissa 11 pratishat thaa aur isake 16 million logon mein seey 30 laakh loga apani aajeevika key liye tambaku parr nirbhar they.
bhoomi sudhaar koo africa mein kaafee samarthan milaa haye aur african-americi kaaryakartaon key beach kuchh samarthak hain, lekin jesse jackson ney juuna 2006 mein dakshin africa kii yatra key dauran tippani kii, "bhoomi punarvitaran lambe samay seey ack mahaan lakshya rhaa haye lekin ise iss tarah seey kiya jaanaa haye joe aghaat koo cumm kartaa haye. iss prakriya koo niveshakon koo daraane key bajaay aakarshit karna hoga. zimbabwe mein loktaantrik shasson kii aavashyakta haye, desh mein loktantra kii kamee haye aur yahee iss aarthik mandee kaa pramukh kaaran haye."
zimbabwe ney 2018 mein utpaadan kiyaah
anya krishi utpaadon key chhote utpaadan key alawa.
khanan kshetra.
anya dakshini african deshon kii tarah, zimbabwe kii mitty kachche maal, arthaat platinum, koyla, lauh ayask aur soney seey bharpur haye. haal hii mein, heere bhee kaafee bhandar mein paae gaye hain. tambe, chromite aur nickle key bhandar bhee maujood hain, halanki cumm matra mein. 2006 mein khoje gaye marenz heere key kheton koo duniya key sabse ameer kshetron mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye.
march 2011 mein, zimbabwe kii sarkaar ney aise kaanoonon koo lagu kiya, jinake liye khanan companiyon key sthaaniya swaamitva kii aavashyakta thee; iss khabar key baad, zimbabwe mein khadanon vaali companiyon key share kii kimaton mein girawat aaee.
vibhinn aine. jee. oh. ney bataaya kii zimbabwe mein heera kshetra bhrashtachar seey bharaa huaa haye; navambar 2012 mein aine. jee. oh. kii ack report mein joe aap botey hain, usase heere key rajaswa mein paardarshita kii bhaari kamee kaa pataa chalaa aur kahaa kii zimbabwe key abhijaat varg koo desh key heere seey laabh hoe rhaa haye. isake baad dakshin africa key poorv rashtrapati thabo mabeki ney kuchh dinn pahale chetavani dee thee kii zimbabwe koo apane laabh key liye khanan companiyon key saath milibhugi karane seey apane "hinsak abhijaat varg" koo rokane kii aavashyakta haye.
usa maheene mein bhee, sambaddh press ney bataaya kii zimbabwe key purvi heere key kheton seey cumm seey cumm 2 arab dollar moolya key heere chori hoe gaye they aur mugabe key sattaaroodh ghere aur vibhinn judey ratna vikretaon aur apraadhiyon koo samriddh kiya thaa.
janwari 2013 mein, zimbabwe kaa khanij niryaat kull 1.80 karod dollar thaa.
octuber 2014 taka, dhaatu nigam zimbabwe kaa sabse badaa swarn khanik thaa. samooh key adhyaksh mizzy khumalo dwara niyantrit kiya jaataa haye.
2019 mein, desh platinum kaa duniya kaa teesara sabse badaa utpaadak aur lithium kaa chhathaa sabse badaa vishva utpaadak thaa. 2017 mein desh ney soney key utpaadan mein 23.9 tunn kaa utpaadan kiya.
shiksha.
zimbabwe mein shiksha kii sthiti arthavyavastha key vikas koo prabhaavit karati haye jabaki arthavyavastha kii sthiti shikshakon aur shiksha kii pahunch aur gunavatta koo prabhaavit curr sakati haye. zimbabwe mein 90 pratishat seey adhik kii saksharta darr africa kii sabse adhik saksharta daron mein seey ack haye. haalaanki, 2000 key baad seey sankat ney sansadhanon kii kamee aur shikshakon aur visheshagyon (jaise kii, shikshaavidon aur visheshagyon) key palayan key kaaran inn uplabdhiyon koo cumm curr diyaa haye.jee. doctor, vaigyaanik, engineer) anya deshon mein. saath hii, praathamik aur maadhyamik vargon mein nae pathyakram kii shuruat ney ack samay key majboot shiksha kshetra kii sthiti koo prabhaavit kiya haye.
zimbabwe mein vigyaan aur praudyogiki.
zimbabwe kii "doosari vigyaan aur praudyogiki neeti" (2012) jaiv praudyogiki, soochana aur sanchaar praudyogikiyon (aaee. see. tii. aiss.), antariksh vigyaan, naino praudyogiki, swadeshi gyaan pranaliyon, praudyogikiyon parr dhyaan kendrit karane vaali kshetriya neetiyon kaa hawala detee haye, joe abhee taka ubhar naheen paaee hain aur ubharati paryavaraniya chunautiyon key vaigyaanik samadhan hain. neeti mein rashtriya naino praudyogiki karyakram sthaapit karane kaa praavdhaan haye.
zimbabwe mein ack "rashtriya jaiv praudyogiki neeti" haye joe 2005 seey haye. kharaab buniyaadi dhaanche aur maanav aur vittiya sansadhanon donon kii kamee key bavjood, jaiv praudyogiki anusandhaan adhikansh upa-sahaara deshon kii tulanaa mein zimbabwe mein behtar sthaapit haye, bhale hii yeh mukhya roop seey paaramparik takneekon kaa upayog karane kii pravritti rakhta hoe.
doosari vigyaan aur praudyogiki neeti" sarkaar kii pratibaddhata parr jore detee haye kii anusandhaan aur vikas key liye jee. dee. pee. kaa cumm seey cumm 1 pratishat aavantit kiya jaae, cumm seey cumm 60 pratishat vishvavidyalaya shiksha parr vigyaan aur praudyogiki mein kaushal vikasit karane parr dhyaan kendrit kiya jaae aur yeh sunishchit kiya jaae kii schooly chhaatr apana cumm seey cumm 30 pratishat samay vigyaan vishayon kaa adhyayan karane mein lagaayen.
itihas.
1997 mein, zimbabwe kii aarthik girawat dikhaai dene luggy. isaki shuruat 14 navambar, 1997 koo share bajar key patan key saath hui. nagrik samaaj samoohon ney apane adhikaaron key liye andolan karna shuru curr diyaa kyonki yeye assap key tahat nasht hoe gaye they. akele 1997 mein, 232 hadataalen darj kii gaeen, joe swatantrata key baad seey kissy bhee varsh mein sabse badee sankhya haye (2004). 1997 kii pahali chhamaahi key dauran, yuddh key diggajon ney khud koo sangathit kiya aur pradarshan kiye jinhen shuru mein sarkaar dwara nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa. jaise-jaise hadtaalon kii teevrata badhati gaee, sarkaar koo 31 disambar, 1997 taka yuddh key diggajon koo 50,000 dollar kii ack baar kii upadaan raashi aur janwari 1998 (2004) seey shuru honey vaali 2,000 dollar kii masik pension kaa bhugtan karane key liye majboor honah padaa. iss bajat rahit kharch key liye dhana jutaane key liye, sarkaar ney 'yuddh key diggajon' parr shulk lagaane kii koshish kii, lekin unhein shram bull seey bahut virodh kaa saamana karna padaa aur inn daayitvon koo puuraa karane key liye unhein prabhaavi dhang seey dhana udhaar lena padaa. 1997 mein zimbabwe dollar key bhaari mulyahras key baad, krishi nivesh kii laagat mein vriddhi hui, jisase utpadakon kii vyavaharyata cumm hoe gaee, jinhone makke (makai) key utpaadak moolya koo badhaane kii maang kii. mill maalikon ney janwari 1998 mein 24 pratishat kii darr seey keematen badhaa deen aur isake parinamswarup makke key bhojan kii keemat mein vriddhi ney pichhale maheene key dauran rashtravyapi dangon koo janm diyaa. sarkaar ney sabhi buniyaadi vastuon parr moolya niyantran lagu karke hastakshep kiya (2004 mein). sanrachanaatmak samaayojan karyakramon key kuchh nakaratmak prabhaavon koo ulatane kii koshish karane aur cumm utpaadan aur saste aayatit utpaadon seey badhati pratispardha seey peedit niji kshetra koo majboot karane kii koshish karane key liye kaee hastakshepkari kadam uthaaye gaye. kuchh sabse hanikarak neetiyon mein shamil hainh
1980-2000.
swatantrata key samay, vaarshik mudrasfeeti 5.4 pratishat thee aur masik mudrasfeeti 0.5 pratishat thee. z $2, z $5, z $10 aur z $20 moolyavarg kii mudra jaari kii gaee. lagbhag 95 pratishat lenden zimbabwe dollar kaa upayog karate they.
disambar 1979 mein lankester house samjhaute key baad, 1980 kii shuruat mein bahumat shasson mein sankraman aur pratibandhon koo hataane key baad, zimbabwe ney ack tej aarthik sudhaar kaa anand liya. 1980-1981 key liye vaastavik vriddhi 20 pratishat seey adhik hoe gaee. haalaanki, desh key khanij niryaat key liye videshi maang mein girawat aur 1982,1983 aur 1984 mein vikas darr mein sookhe kii shuruat ney teji seey katauti kii. 1985 mein krishi utpaadan mein 30 pratishat kii uchhaal key kaaran arthavyavastha mein jordar vaapsee hui. halanki, 1986 mein yeh shoonya vikas darr parr gir gayaa aur 1987 mein lagbhag 3 pratishat kii nakaratmak darr darj kii, mukhya roop seey sookhe aur desh key saamane videshi mudra sankat key kaaran. zimbabwe kaa jee. dee. pee. 1980 aur 1990 key beach ausatan lagbhag 4.5% badhaa.
1992 mein, vishva baink key ack adhyayan ney sanket diyaa kii 1980 seey 500 seey adhik swaasthya kendron kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. teekaakaran kiye gaye bachchon kaa pratishat 1980 mein 25 pratishat seey badhkar 1988 mein 67 pratishat hoe gayaa, aur jeevan pratyasha 55 seey badhkar 59 varsh hoe gaee. praathamik shiksha koo muft banaae jaane key ack saal baad namankan mein 232 pratishat kii vriddhi hui, aur dou varshon mein maadhyamik vidyalaya mein namankan mein 33 pratishat kii vriddhi hui. inn samajik neetiyon seey rinn anupaat mein vriddhi hoti haye. 1980 key dashak mein majdoori key antaral koo cumm karane key prayaas mein kaee kaanoon paarit kiye gaye they. halanki, antaral kaafee banaa rhaa. 1988 mein, kaanoon ney mahilaaon koo cumm seey cumm siddhant roop mein, purushon key samaan adhikaar diye. pahale, way apane pitaa yaa pati kii sahamati key binaa kewal kuchh vyaktigat pahal curr sakate they.
sarkaar taba tootane luggy jaba 1997 mein swatantrata yuddh key diggajon koo bonus kii ghoshana kii gaee (joe jee. dee. pee. key 3 pratishat key barabar thaa) jisake baad 1998 mein dusare kango yuddh mein zimbabwe kii bhagidari key kaaran apratyaashit kharch huaa. 1999 mein, desh ney ack sookha bhee dekhaa jisane arthavyavastha koo aur kamjor curr diyaa, jisase antatah agale dashak mein desh diwalia hoe gayaa. usee varsh, 1999 mein, zimbabwe ney paschimi rinadaataon key saath liye gaye rinon key alawa apane aaee. aim. aff., vishva baink aur african vikas baink rinon parr apani pahali chook kaa anubhav kiya.
2000-2009.
haal key varshon mein, zimbabwe mein kaafee aarthik kathinaaee hui haye. kaee paschimi deshon kaa tark haye kii zimbabwe key bhoomi sudhaar karyakram kii sarkaar, nyaypalika key saath baar-baar hastakshep aur dhamki key saath-saath avaastavik moolya niyantran aur vinimay daron key rakharkhaav seey niveshakon key vishvaas mein tej girawat aaee haye.
2000 aur disambar 2007 key beach, rashtriya arthavyavastha mein 40 pratishat taka kii kamee aaee; mudrasfeeti 66, aaee. dee. 1 seey adhik hoe gaee, aur mudra, eendhan, dawa aur bhojan kii lagaatar kamee thee. prati vyakti jee. dee. pee. mein 40 pratishat kii girawat aaee, krishi utpaadan mein 51 pratishat kii girawat aaee aur audyogik utpaadan mein 47 pratishat kii girawat aaee. 
mugabe sarkaar zimbabwe kii aarthik kathinaaiyon kaa shreya paschimi shaktiyon dwara lagaae gaye pratibandhon koo detee haye. yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii britten, america aur europeeya sangh dwara lagaae gaye pratibandhon koo rashtrapati mugabe kii sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane key prayaas mein arthavyavastha aur zimbabwe key logon kii sthitiyon koo pangu banaane key liye banaaya gayaa haye. inn deshon kaa tark haye kii pratibandh mugabe aur unake aantarik dayare aur unaki kuchh companiyon key khilaf lakshit hain. alochakon ney zimbabwe kii arthavyavastha koo kamjor karane key prayaas key roop mein busch dwara hastaaksharit tathaakathit "zimbabwe loktantra aur 2001 key aarthik sudhaar adhiniyam" kii or ishara kiya. bill parr hastakshar honey key turant baad, aaee. aim. aff. ney zimbabwe key liye apane sansadhanon mein katauti curr dee. vittiya sansthanon ney zimbabwe key liye samarthan vaapas lena shuru curr diyaa. pratibandhon kii sharton ney ise aisaa banaa diyaa kii sabhi aarthik sahaayata "loktantrikaran, manvadhikaron key sammaan aur kaanoon key shasson" key samarthan mein sanrachit kii jaayegi."europeeya sangh ney zimbabwe mein sabhi pariyojanaon key liye apana samarthan samaapt curr diyaa. pratibandhon aur humm aur europeeya sangh kii videsh neeti key kaaran, zimbabwe kaa koee bhee rinn anya deshon kii tarah radd naheen kiya gayaa haye.
anya paryavekshak yeh bhee bataate hain kii zimbabwe kii sarkaar seey judey logon yaa companiyon parr europeeya sangh dwara parisampattiyon koo kaise freeze kiya gayaa haye, zimbabwe key liye mahatvapurna aarthik aur samajik laagaten hain.
farwari 2004 taka, zimbabwe kaa videshi rinn chukana bund hoe gayaa, jisake parinamswarup antarrashtriya maudrik kosh (aaee. aim. aff.) seey anivarya nilamban hoe gayaa. yeh, aur sanyukt rashtra vishva khaadya karyakram ney vishva samudaay seey aparyaapt daan key kaaran apani khaadya sahaayata koo roque diyaa haye, jisane sarkaar koo sthaaniya sroton seey udhaar lene key liye majboor curr diyaa haye.
atee-mudrasfeeti 2004-2009.
zimbabwe ney 2000 mein aadhikarik darr aur kaalaa bajar darr key beach key antar seey gambhir videshi mudra kii kamee kaa saamana karna shuru curr diyaa. 2004 mein aayatakon key liye durlabh videshi mudra kii nilami kii ack pranali pesh kii gaee, jisase videshi mudra sankat mein asthaayi roop seey thodi kamee aaee, lekin 2005 key madhya taka videshi mudra kii kamee ack baar phir gambhir hoe gaee. kendriya baink dwara mudra kaa dou baar avamoolyan kiya gayaa thaa, pahale 9,000 americi dollar aur phir 20 julaai 2005 koo 17,500 americi dollar, lekin usa tarikh koo yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii yeh kaalaa bajar mein upalabdh darr kaa kewal aadhaa thaa.
julaai 2005 mein zimbabwe koo dakshin african sarkaar seey 1 arab dollar key aapaatkaaleen rinn key liye appeal karane kii soochana dee gaee thee, lekin niyamit afvaahon key bavjood kii iss vichaar parr charcha kii jaa rahee thee, saarvajanik roop seey koee paryaapt vittiya sahaayata naheen dee gaee haye.
aadhikarik zimbabwe dollar vinimay darr koo 101,196 dollar prati yuu parr roque diyaa gayaa thaa.aiss. 2006 kii shuruat seey dollar, lekin 27 julaai 2006 taka samanantar (kaalaa bajar) darr prati yuu jaid $550,000 taka pahunch gaee haye.aiss. dollar. tulanaa mein, 10 saal pahale, vinimay kii darr kewal 9.13 dollar prati amriki dollar thee.
agast 2006 mein aar. bee. jaid. ney zimbabwe dollar kaa 1000 jaid. doubleu. dee. seey 1 (punarmulyankan) dollar taka punarmulyankan kiya. usee samay zimbabwe ney americi dollar key mukabale zim dollar kaa 60 pratishat avamoolyan kiya. naee aadhikarik vinimay darr kaa mulyankan jadedbludy 250 prati yuu. aiss. dee. kiya gayaa. samanantar bajar darr lagbhag 1,200 seey 1,500 prati americi dollar (28 sitambar 2006) kaa punarmulyankan kiya gayaa thaa.
navambar 2006 mein, yeh ghoshana kii gaee thee kii 1 disambar key aspas kissy samay aur avamoolyan hoga aur aadhikarik vinimay darr badalkar prati americi dollar key liye jadedbludy 750 hoe jaayegi. yeh kabhi sakar naheen huaa. haalaanki, samanantar bajar ney iss khabar parr turant pratikriya vyakt kii aur samanantar darr 2,000 prati amriki dollar (18 navambar 2006) taka gir gaee aur varsh key anta taka yeh girkar 3,000 prati amriki dollar hoe gaee.
1 aprail 2007 koo, samanantar bajar ney hamaare liye $30,000 kii maang kii thee. varsh key anta taka, yeh lagbhag $1 thaa. 18 janwari 2008 koo, zimbabwe key reserve baink ney uchch moolya key zwd bearer check (ack samaapti tithi key saath ack banknote) jaari karna shuru curr diyaa, jisamen $10 million key bearer check shamil they-jinamen seey pratyek kaa moolya pahale nirgam key samay samanantar bajar mein $1.35 (70p sterling; 0.90 euro) seey cumm thaa. 4 aprail 2008 koo zimbabwe key reserve baink ney nae 25 million dollar aur 5 karod dollar key vaahak check pesh kiye. pahale ank key samay way samanantar bajar mein kramshah hamaare liye 0.7 aur hamaare liye 1.4 dollar key barabar they.
1 maee 2008 koo, rbjd ney ghoshana kii kii dollar koo kuchh sharton key adheen moolya mein tairane kii anumati dee jaayegi.
6 maee 2008 koo, aar. bee. jaid. ney nae 10 karod dollar aur 25 karod dollar key vaahak check jaari kiye. pahale jaari honey kii tarikh mein 250 million dollar kaa vaahak check samanantar bajar mein lagbhag 1 karod 30 dollar kaa thaa. 15 maee 2008 koo, aar. bee. jaid. dwara 500 million dollar kaa ack nayaa vaahak check jaari kiya gayaa thaa. pahale ank key samay yeh hamaare liye $1.93 kaa thaa. ack vyaapak roop seey aprakaashit samanantar kadam mein, 15 maee 2008 koo, aar. bee. jaid. ney 5 arab dollar (pahale ank key samay-$19.30), 25 arab dollar (96.50) aur 50 arab dollar (193 dollar) key ankit moolya key saath teen "vishesh krishi-check" jaari kiye. yeh bhee bataaya gayaa haye kii nae krishi-check kaa upayog vaahak check jaisi kissy bhee vastu aur seva koo khareedane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
30 julaai 2008 koo, aar. bee. jaid. key governor, gideon gono ney ghoshana kii kii zimbabwe dollar koo 10 shunyon koo hataakar phir seey naamit kiya jaayega, joe 1 agast 2008 seey prabhaavi hoga.
adhik banknote jaari kiye gaye kyonki gono ney mudra chhaapana jaari rakhane kii kasam khaaih $10,000 aur $20,000 (29 sitambar); $50,000 (13 octuber); $100,000, $500,000 aur $1 million (3 navambar); $10 million (2 disambar); $50 million aur $100 million (4 disambar); $200 million (9 disambar); $500 million (11 disambar); $10 billion (19 janwari 2009); $1 trillion (17 janwari 2009)
2 farwari, 2009 koo, ack antim moolyavarg lagu kiya gayaa thaa, 12 shunyon koo kaatate hue, zimbabwe dollar koo aadhikarik taur parr 12 aprail, 2009 koo chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. aarthik sudhaar lambit honey key kaaran, zimbabwe ack naee mudra pesh karane key bajaay videshi mudra parr nirbhar thaa.
dollarkaranh 2009-vartamaan.
farwari 2009 mein, naee sthaapit rashtriya ekataa sarkaar (jisamen mugabe kaa virodh shamil thaa) ney arthavyavastha koo protsaahit karane aur mudrasfeeti koo samaapt karane key upaay key roop mein poori arthavyavastha mein videshi mudra lenden kii anumati dee. zimbabwe dollar ney jaldi hii sabhi vishvasaniyata khou dee, aur aprail 2009 taka, zimbabwe dollar koo poori tarah seey nilambit curr diyaa gayaa, jise sarkari lenden mein americi dollar dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. 2014 mein aathh kanuni mudraaen theen-americi dollar, dakshin african raind, botswana pulaa, british pound sterling, australiyai dollar, cheeni yuan, bhaaratiya rupaya aur japani yenn.
dollarkaran ney mudrasfeeti koo ulat diyaa, jisase banking pranali koo sthir honey aur 2009 key baad arthavyavastha koo dheemi vriddhi koo phir seey shuru karane kii anumati millie. dollarkaran key anya parinam bhee they, jinamen shamil hainh
janwari mein, 2013 key vitt mantri tendai bitty ney ghoshana kii kii zimbabwe key rashtriya saarvajanik khaate mein kewal $217 they. julaai 2013 key rashtrapati chunaav key liye chunaav bajat $104 million thaa aur 2013 key liye sarkari bajat 5 pratishat kii anumaanit aarthik vriddhi parr $3.9 billion thaa. arthashastri ney 2013 key chunaav koo "dhandhali" key roop mein varnit kiya aur kaise, sarkaar parr poorna niyantran hassil karane key baad, mugabe sarkaar ney sivil seva koo doguna curr diyaa aur shuru kiya...kushasana aur chamakata huaa bhrashtachar."
agast 2014 mein, zimbabwe ney saarvajanik kshetra key vetan kaa bhugtan karane key liye treasury bill aur bonned bechana shuru kiya, joe jee. dee. pee. vikas kamjor honey key kaaran vilambit hue hain, jabaki arthavyavastha mein apasfeeti kaa anubhav hotaa haye. julaai mein chhah maheene key treasury bilon key niji placement key madhyam seey 9.5% kii byaaj darr parr 2 million americi dollar beche gaye they. aaee. aim. aff. key aankadon key anusaar, 2014 key anta taka jee. dee. pee. vriddhi kaa anuman 3.1 pratishat thaa, joe 2009 aur 2012 key beach 10 pratishat kii ausat darr seey ack badee girawat thee, jabaki sarkari aankadon seey pataa chalaa kii juuna key anta taka lagaatar paanch maheenon taka upabhokta kimaton mein girawat aaee. reserve baink ney sarkaar key adhik bajat kharch kaa samarthan karane key liye koshagar bilon key badey moolya jaari karna jaari rakhaa. isane mudra kii aapoorti mein vriddhi kii aur prabhaav mein sabhi baink shesh kaa avamoolyan kiya, isake bavjood kii way americi dollar moolya key they.
navambar 2016 mein unake khilaf vyaapak virodh key bavjood baand noton key roop mein ack chhadm mudra jaari kii gaee thee. farwari 2019 mein, johnn mangudia ney ack maudrik neeti prastuti key madhyam seey aupchaarik roop seey ack naee mudra, aar. tii. jee. aiss. dollar kii shuruat kii, jisamen bainkon aur mobile wallet, bonned noton aur bonned sikkon mein electronic shesh raashi shamil haye. isane sabhi americi dollar moolya vaale baink shesh koo 1:1 kii darr seey zimbabwe kii avamoolyan mudra mein parivartit curr diyaa.
juuna 2019 mein sthaaniya lenden mein videshi mudraon kaa upayog ack naee rashtriya mudra key liye sambhaavit yojana key hisse key roop mein pratibandhit kiya gayaa thaa aur iss prakaar dollarkaran kii avadhi samaapt hoe gaee. americi dollar mein abhee bhee cumm matra mein vyaapaar thaa, vishesh roop seey anaupchaarik kshetra mein aur dukaan mein vyaapaar beuro dee changes kaa upayog karate hue. march 2020 mein, covid-19 seey nipatane kii chunautiyon koo dosh dete hue, sarkaar ney ack baar phir americi dollar mein aupchaarik lenden kii anumati dee.
rashtriya ekataa kii sarkaarah 2009-2013.
nakaratmak deerghakaalik aarthik sthiti key jawab mein teen sansadiya dall rashtriya ekataa kii sarkaar parr sahmat hue. gambhir aantarik matbhedon key bavjood iss sarkaar ney kuchh mahatvapurna nirnay liye jinase samanya aarthik sthiti mein sudhaar huaa, sabse pahale aprail 2009 mein rashtriya mudra, zimbabwe dollar key nilamban ney atee mudrasfeeti koo roque diyaa aur americi dollar, dakshin african raind, yuu. aiss. euro yaa botswana poola jaisi videshi mudra kaa upayog karke phir seey samanya roop mein vyavasaay sambhav banaa diyaa. poorv vitt mantri tendai bitty (aim. dee. see.-tii.) ney ack anushaasit bajat rakhane kii koshish kii. 2009 mein zimbabwe ney ack dashak mein pahali baar aarthik vikas kii avadhi darj kii.
rashtriya ekataa kii sarkaar key baadah 2013-vartamaan.
2013 key aam chunaavon mein zaanu-pee. aff. kii bhaari chunavi jeet key baad, patrick chinmasa koo vitt mantri niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. arthavyavastha key swadeshikaran koo protsaahit karane vaali neetiyon koo teji seey chalaaya gayaa aur gair-kaale zimbabwe key swaamitva vaali companiyon mein seey 51 pratishat yaa usase adhik koo kaale zimbabwe key logon koo saunpane key liye aavashyak kaanoonon koo lagu kiya gayaa. iska shreya arthavyavastha mein aur anishchitata paida karane aur desh mein nivesh key mahaul koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit karane kaa diyaa jaataa haye. haalaanki zimbabwe kii arthavyavastha key swadeshikaran seey sambandhit kaanoon 2007 seey vikas mein haye aur 2010 mein zaanu-pee. aff. dwara sakriya roop seey shuru kii gaee neeti parr aspasht honey aur viniyaman dwara "racketeering" key ack roop kaa aarop lagaaya jaataa rhaa haye."sarkaar ney sivil seva koo doguna curr diyaa aur arthashastri ney joe bataaya usey shuru curr diyaa...kushasana aur chamakata huaa bhrashtachar."
aprail 2014 mein, chinmasa ney sweekaar kiya kii desh bahut adhik rinn mein thaa aur desh koo pratyaksh videshi nivesh koo behtar tareeke seey aakarshit karane kii aavashyakta thee. aadhikarik taur parr zimbabwe kaa rinn 7 arab dollar yaa desh key jee. dee. pee. key 200% seey adhik haye. haalaanki, yeh aankada vivaadit haye, jisamen 11 arab dollar key uchch aankade uddhrit kiye gaye hain, ack baar anya african deshon aur chean koo rinn shamil kiye gaye hain. maee 2014 taka, yeh bataaya gayaa haye kii rashtriya ekataa kii sarkaar key dauran saapeksh aarthik sthirata kii avadhi key baad zimbabwe kii arthavyavastha mein girawat aaee thee. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii zimbabwe key vinirmaan kshetra mein kaaryasheel poonji aur upkaran unnayan key liye lagbhag 8 arab dollar key nivesh kii aavashyakta haye.
2016 mein ack vipakshi rajneta ney anuman lagaaya kii sarkaar jee. dee. pee. key 12 pratishat taka kaa ghaata chalaa rahee thee aur zimbabwe ney aanshik roop seey ack nirantar vyaapaar ghaate key kaaran americi dollar kii mahatvapurna kamee kaa saamana karna shuru curr diyaa. isane zimbabwe sarkaar koo niryaat koo badhaava dene aur mudra kii kamee koo cumm karane key liye bainkon seey nakad nikasi koo seemit karane aur vinimay-niyantran niyamon koo badalane key liye prerit kiya. juuna aur julaai 2016 mein, sarkari karmchaariyon koo hafton taka bhugtan naheen kiye jaane key baad, pulis ney paryatakon seey paise nikaalane key liye sadak avrodh sthaapit kiye they aur poore zimbabwe mein virodh pradarshan hue they, vitt mantri patrick chinmasa ney nivesh poonji aur rinn jutaane key prayaas mein europe kaa daura kiya, yeh sweekaar karate hue kii "abhee hamaare paas kuchh bhee naheen haye."agast 2016 mein sarkaar ney ghoshana kii kii vaha 25,000 sivil sevakon (desh key 298,000 sivil sevakon kaa 8 pratishat) koo naukari seey nikaal degi, dutaavaason aur rajanyik kharchon kii sankhya mein katauti karegi aur vaarshik vetan mein $4 billion bachaane key prayaas mein mantri kharchon mein katauti karegi aur vishva baink aur aaee. aim. aff. seey madad hassil karegi.
usee samay, sarkaar ney zimbabwe mahila microfinance baink limitted key madhyam seey mahilaaon kii sookshm vitt taka pahunch mein sudhaar karane kii maang kii, jisane 29 maee 2018 koo sanchaalan shuru kiya. baink mahila mamalon, ling aur samudayik vikas mantralaya kii dekhrekh mein sanchaalit hotaa haye.
zimbabwe dollar koo phir seey apnana.
julaai 2019 key madhya mein ack nae zimbabwe dollar koo apanaane aur videshi mudra key upayog parr pratibandh lagaane key baad mudrasfeeti badhkar 175% hoe gaee thee, jisase naee chintaaen paida hoe gaee theen kii desh atee mudrasfeeti key ack nae daur mein pravesh curr rhaa thaa. zimbabwe sarkaar ney agast 2019 mein mudrasfeeti key aankade jaari karna bund curr diyaa. disambar 2019 mein saal-darr-saal mudrasfeeti darr 521% thee, lekin zimbabwe kendriya baink key adhikaariyon ney farwari 2020 mein kahaa kii unhein disambar 2020 key anta taka iss aankade koo 50 pratishat taka cumm karane kii ummeed haye.

