
edigi morphology

aadighe mein, sabhi uttar-paschimi caucasian bhaashaon kii tarah, aakriti vigyaan vyaakaran kaa sabse mahatvapurna hissa haye. ack aadi shabd, isake alawa iska apana shaabdik arth haye, kabhi-kabhi, morphim key sett dwara yeh banaaya jaataa haye aur unake kull vyaakaranik arthon dwara, ack vaakya koo punah utpann curr sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, ack kriya apane rupankanon key samooh dwara vishay aur vastu key vyakti, sthaan, samay, kaary key tareeke, nakaratmak aur anya prakaar kii vyaakaranik shreniyon koo vyakt curr sakati haye. udaaharan key liyeh "main ise aapke liye naheen laauunga" mein yeye morphim shamil hainh "joe kii-pee-pee-aiss-echwai-het-ep-jinake yeye shaabdik arth hain" vahaan seey (kewai) aap (pee) aapke liye (fe) aaee (aiss) laayega (echwai) (bhavishya kaal kii visheshta-ht) naheen (ep) ".
maukhik upsarg.
edighe mein dou prakaar key upsarg hainh dishaatmak upsarg aur soochanaatmak upsarg. dishaatmak upsarg kriya kii disha koo vyakt karate hain jabaki soochanaatmak upsarg kriya seey sambandhit atirikt jaankaari jaise sthaan, kaaran aur pratibhagiyon koo jodate hain.
dishaatmak upsarg.
dishaatmak upsarg vastu kii gati aur kriya kii disha koo vyakt karate hain.
(λο ~) kii or.
maukhik pratyay ~ λ (~ Â) kissy vyakti yaa kissy cheez kii or nirdeshit kaarravaai koo nirdisht kartaa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
peechhe kii or (сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече сече се сече се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се е се е се се е с.
ack kriya koo ingit karane key liye joe peechhe kii or kii gaee thee, upsarg zék̃-(zat̃chʼ-) jodaa jaataa haye. yeh ingit kartaa haye kii kriya vishay key peechhe kii or kii gaee thee, udaaharan key liyeh
bipass (βλε ~).
maukhik upsarg βlé ~/b′a ~/udaaharan key liye kissy koo yaa kissy cheez koo darkinar karate hue kaarravaai koo nirdisht kartaa haih
paas karein (πhy ~).
maukhik upsarg πhy ~ (πhyry ~) (pxÂ ~) kriya koo nirdisht kartaa haye, gati kuchh baadha, vastu key madhyam seey nirdeshit hoti haye; udaaharan key liyeh
(shkhpya) seey parey.
maukhik upsarg shkhpya ~/χaːpÂ ~/kissy vastu kii kissy cheez seey parey kii gati koo nirdisht kartaa haye. kissy vastu kaa kissy cheez seey parey sthanantaran. udaaharan key liyeh
oopar (shkhaade ~).
maukhik upsarg shkhaade ~/hajada ~/kissy vastu kii kissy cheez parr gati koo nirdisht kartaa haye. kissy vastu kaa kissy vastu parr sthanantaran. udaaharan key liyeh
nikatvarti (Келыры моте).
maukhik upsarg κελιλίρί ~/t̃âʼaʼaʼr̃ ~/kissy cheez key nikat kriya koo nirdisht kartaa haye, udaaharan key liyeh
vibhinn dishaaon mein faila (<unk>).
maukhik upsarg zébgy ~/zabgüÂ ~/vibhinn dishaaon mein kriya key prasaar koo ingit kartaa haye.
gardan parr.
maukhik upsarg shshokhe ~/chwa 'axa ~/gardan koo nirdeshit kriya koo nirdisht kartaa haye udaaharan key liyeh
soochanaatmak upsarg.
soochanaatmak upsarg kriya seey sambandhit atirikt jaankaari jaise sthaan, kaaran aur pratibhagiyon koo jodate hain.
nishchitata (Кое ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме ме м
upsarg κεε ~/qa ~/kaa upayog kriya mein nishchitata kaa ack rung jodane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. iss mamle mein kriya koo vaktaa key prati karna jaruri naheen haye. udaaharan key liyeh
karanatmak (γεε ~).
maukhik pratyay γεe ~ (ρ ~) karyakaran koo nirdisht kartaa haye; kriyaon dwara prastut kiya gayaa. yeh nirdisht kartaa haye kii vastu koo majboor kiya gayaa thaa, majboor kiya gayaa thaa, banaaya gayaa thaa, adesh diyaa gayaa thaa, anumati dee gaee thee, anumati dee gaee thee, kuchh karane kaa avsar diyaa gayaa thaa. kriyaaen karyakaran nirmaan mein ack atirikt tark praapt karati hain, i.ee. unaki sanyojakta ack seey badh jaati haye. sabhi aadi kriyaaen kaarankaari banaa sakati hain, jinamen antahpravartak, paargamanik aur apavartak shamil hain.
udaaharanonh
upsarg γε-(ρa-) jodkar, sangyaon, visheshanon aur akarmak kriyaon seey pargamansheel kriyaaen banaana sambhav haye.
udaaharanonh
aadighe "dohare kaaran" kii anumati detaa haye, i.ee. kaaranvaachak pratyay koo ack sankramansheel kriya mein jodaa jaa sakata haye joe pahale seey hii karanatmakta dwara vyutpann kiya gayaa haih iss prakaar karanatmak γεj̃n/ρa γwan/"ubaalen, pakaaen" koo karanatmak kiya jaa sakata haye γεj̃n/ρa ρa γwan/"kissy koo khaana pakaane key liye banaaen", teen tark lete hue.
karanatmak prativartak (сиге мете мете).
ack kriya joe koee apane liye kartaa haye uska upsarg haye zygèe ~/zjra ~/
udaaharanonh
samay (z ~).
ack nishchit kriya key kiye jaane key samay koo ingit karane key liye, upsarg z ~ (z ~) aur bhootkaal pratyay γε (ρa) jodaa jaataa haye. kriya honey vaale samay koo ingit karane key liye, upsarg z ~ (z ~) aur bhavishya kaal pratyay χτε (χta) jodaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
ack ghatana, ack yojana yaa kuchh aisaa joe ack nishchit kriya key baad honey vaalaa haye, koo ingit karane key liye upsarg z-(z-) aur sashart pratyay-ksèe (-t̃chʼa) (-ghhée shapsug bolly mein aur-djée bzhedug bolly mein) hoga. udaaharan key liyeh
ack nishchit samay parr ack nishchit kriya key honey key baad hui ghatana koo ingit karane key liye, upsarg z-(z-) aur pratyay-εm (-am) jodaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
sthaan (χ ~).
maukhik upsarg χ ~ (χ ~) kaheen nivaas/nivaas koo nirdisht kartaa haye. iska upayog usa sthaan yaa sthaan koo ingit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye jahan koee kaarravaai hui thee. udaaharan key liyeh
commitative (δε ~).
maukhik upsarg δε ~ (daa ~) kissy key saath sanyukt roop seey kii gaee kaarravaai koo nirdisht kartaa haye, yaa kissy key saath rehna/rehna, udaaharan key liyeh
laabhkaari (φε ~).
upsarg fé ~/fâ ~/kissy koo khush karane key liye, kissy key liye yaa kissy key hiton mein kii gaee kaarravaai koo nirdisht kartaa haye.
durbhavanapurna (shsho ~).
maukhik upsarg shsho ~ (chwa 'aaa ~) kissy kii ichcha yaa ruchi key khilaf kii gaee kaarravaai koo nirdisht kartaa haye. yeh yeh bhee nirdisht kartaa haye kii kaarravaai kissy vastu yaa avsar koo kissy aur seey door leey jaane key liye kii gaee thee, udaaharan key liyeh
yeh vaakya seey samajha jaa sakata haye kii "ladka (Кале) seb khaa rhaa haye (мисерыс) ise khud khaane kaa meraa avsar lene key liye.
anajaane mein.
maukhik upsarg ηκεσεε ~ (γat̃chʼa ~) anajaane mein hue karyon yaa karyon koo darshaata haye.
vaadya (ρε ~).
usa upkaran yaa upkaran koo ingit karane key liye joe kriya key saath kiya gayaa thaa, upsarg (re-) (raaj-) jodaa jaataa haye.
reflexive (γε ~).
ack kriya koo ingit karane key liye kii vishay apane liye kartaa haye, pratyay zé-(za-) jodaa jaataa haye. reflexive mein kriyaon mein bhee aamtaur parr pratyay hotaa haye-jhyy (-<unk>).
iska upayog ack kriya koo ingit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye joe kuchh vishay (ack seey adhik; samooh) apane liye karate hain.
commitative reflexive (сее се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се се с.
kuchh vishayon (ack seey adhik; samooh) dwara kii gaee kriya koo ingit karane key liye, pratyay zédé ~ (zada ~) jodaa jaataa haye.
parasparikta (серы меры меры ме).
parasparik roop mein pargaman kriya vyakt karati haye kii isake dou mukhya tark (abhineta aur gujarane vaalaa) ack saath ack dusare parr kaary karate hain. parasparik roop mein upsarg zèry ~ (zaaraa ~) haye, udaaharan key liyeh
karyatmak roop seey.
jiss tarah seey ack nishchit kriya kii jaati haye, usey ingit karane key liye upsarg zèree ~ (zaaraa ~) aur pratyay ~ ré/~ r/jodaa jaataa haye.
upsarg zèree ~ (zaaraa ~) aur pratyay ~ ré/~ r/kaa upayog ack tathya koo ingit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye.
turant baad (ερεε ~) aur (εu).
ack nishchit kriya kii shuruat mein turant hui ghatana koo ingit karane key liye, upsarg zère-(zaaraa-) aur pratyay-εu/- yu (-o/- Âw) jodaa jaataa haye. kewal kriyaon aur sangyaon parr hii iska upayog kiya jaa sakata haye.
maukhik infix.
nakaratmak (~ my ~).
ise aksar kriya key mool seey pahale, anya sabhi upsargon key baad rakhaa jaataa haye.
iss upsarg kaa upayog kaba karna haih
aggar aap naheen jaate hain tou aap/aap/aap/aap naheen chaahte hain tou bhee aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap/aap naheen chaahte hain/aap/aap naheen chaahte hain
jaao, "mamcue/maa-makv/" jabaki vaha naheen jaanaa chaahata thaa. 
iska upayog nakaratmak upsarg (my ~) (mÂ ~) aur nakaratmak pratyay (-p) (-p) donon key saath ack saath naheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
optative mood (~ ρε ~).
ack kriya koo ingit karane key liye kii koee aisaa karna chaahata haye, maukhik infix ~ ré ~ (~ ra ~) jodaa jaataa haye.
udaaharanonh
maukhik pratyay.
poochtaachh kaa mood (~ aeye).
prashnon koo pratyay ~ a/aː/dwara ingit kiya jaataa haye, joe/a/key saath samaapt honey vaali kriyaon mein, antim swar koo lamba kartaa haye.
yadi prashn koo nakaratmak pratyay vaale shabd key roop mein prastut kiya jaataa haye, tou ise pratyay mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
optative mood (~ γοτ).
optative mood koo jatil pratyay ~ γοτ yaa ~ γοητ yaa ~ γεηme key saath vyakt kiya jaataa haih
aksar (~ jh).
maukhik pratyay ~ jh (~ ̃) kriya kii punaravritti/punaravritti koo nirdisht kartaa haye. iska upayog usa kaarravaai koo ingit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye joe koee pahale curr rhaa thaa aur abb ise jaari rakh rhaa haye.
udaaharanonh
gair-hastakshep (~ jh).
maukhik pratyay ~ jh (~ ̃) seedhe kissy anya agent key hastakshep key binaa kaarravaai key pradarshan koo nirdisht kartaa haye.
iska upayog yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye kii kaarravaai antatah poori hoe gaee thee. udaaharan key liyeh
bahut dair hoe chuki haye.
maukhik pratyay ~ jh (~ ̃) bhee ack aisee kaarravaai koo ingit kartaa haye joe bahut deree key saath kii gaee thee, iss bindu taka kii yeh bahut dair yaa vyarth bhee hoe sakata haye.
kissy koo ingit karane key liye, ack nishchit kaarravaai karane key liye pareshan naa honey key liye, nakaratmak infix ~ my ~ (~ mÂ ~) aur pratyay ~ jhy (~ ̃) jodaa jaataa haye.
puuraa honah (~ γαχ).
maukhik pratyay ~ γαkh (~ ρaːx) kriya kii poorna upalabdhi/praapti koo nirdisht kartaa haye.
ack ghatana koo ingit karane key liye joe ack kaarravaai kii poorna upalabdhi/praapti key baad hoe rahee haye, pratyay ~ γakh (~ ρaːx) aur ~ εu (~ Â) jode jaate hain. udaaharan key liyeh
kissy kriya kii poorna upalabdhi/praapti key baad hui ghatana koo ingit karane key liye, pratyay-γαkh (-ρaːx) aur-εm (-am) jode jaate hain. udaaharan key liyeh
kissy kriya kii upalabdhi/praapti koo ingit naheen karane key liye, pratyay-γαkh (-ρaːx) aur nakaratmak pratyay (~ εp) (~ ap) jodaa jaataa haye.
jabaki (~ εu).
ack nishchit kriya key kiye jaane key dauran honey vaali ghatana koo ingit karane key liye, pratyay ~ εu (-o) koo kriya mein jodaa jaataa haye. aamtaur parr iss pratyay koo vartamaan kaal kriyaon mein jodaa jaataa haye, chaahe puuraa vaakya ateet yaa bhavishya key baare mein hoe. udaaharan key liyeh
pratyay key saath kriya aamtaur parr ack anya kriya key baad aatee haye jisamen ack kaal pratyay hotaa haye joe vaakya key ghatit honey key samay koo darshaata haye. udaaharan key liyeh
ack anya kriya key bajaay hui kriya koo ingit karane key liye, joe kriya naheen hui vaha vartamaan kaal key roop mein vyakt kii jaati haye aur ise pratyay ~ εu aur nakaratmak infix ~ my milata haye. udaaharan key liyeh
ack nishchit kriya seey pahale kuchh ingit karane key liye, pratyay ~ εu aur nakaratmak infix ~ my ~ jode jaate hain. iss mamle mein kriya koo samay kaa sanket dene vaalaa kaal pratyay bhee milna chaahiye.
bahuvachan (~ χε).
ekvachan aur bahuvachan sangyaon key beach antar karane key alawa baad vaale koo '-haye' pratyay key saath chihnit karein.
ack bahuvachan kriya (kriya joe ack seey adhik cheezon dwara kii gaee thee) koo ingit karane key liye atirikt pratyay '-Â' bhee hotaa haye.
nakaratmak (~ επ).
nishedh pratyay ~ p (~ p) haye aur yeh ~ rép (~ rapp) haye jaba kriya haye
vartamaan kaal menh 
ichcha (~ ragu).
kuchh vaanchhit ingit karane key liye, pratyay (~ ragúu) (~ rːrw) udaaharan key liye jodaa jaataa haih
kshamata (~ shshu).
pratyay ~ shhu (~ ʃwÂ) ingit kriya karane kii kshamata koo nirdisht kartaa haye. iska upayog yeh ingit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye kii vishay ingit kaarravaai karane mein saksham haye. udaaharan key liyeh
jaba pratyay ~ shoo (~ ʃwÂ) kaa upayog visheshanon yaa sangyaon parr kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh sanket dene key liye hotaa haye kii ingit visheshan yaa sangya kyaa hoe sakati haye.
riyayati manodasha (~ mee).
ack ghatana koo ingit karane key liye joe kuchh/koee ack vishisht kriya karane parr bhee hoga, uska pratyay ~ mee (~ emje) haye.
sashart manodasha (~ mee).
ack nishchit kriya key parinam koo ingit karane key liye kii yadi koee/kuchh kiya gayaa haye, curr rhaa haye yaa karega, tou iska pratyay haye-meey (-maa).
pratyay-meey (-maa) aur pratyay-mee (-mee) donon kaa ack saath upayog naheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
sashart manodasha II (~ κκε).
sashart manodasha koo pratyay ~ kkèe (~ t̃chʼ) jodkar ingit kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liyeh yadi makai ack yaa dou dinn khet mein hogi, tou usey kuchh naheen hoga.
iska upayog jyaadaatar samay upsarg key saath kiya jaataa haih
sanyojak (~ i).
jaba sanyojak pratyay ~ i (-<unk>) kaa upayog vartamaan kaal kriyaon parr kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh ateet mein hui vibhinn kriyaon kii ack shrinkhala koo ingit karane key liye hotaa haye.
jaba pratyay ~ ni (-nj) kaa upayog vartamaan kaal kriyaon parr kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh vibhinn kriyaon kii ack shrinkhala koo ingit karane key liye hotaa haye joe bhavishya mein hogi yaa bhavishya mein karane kii yojana banaai jaayegi.
jaba sanyojak pratyay ~ i (-<unk>) kaa upayog anivarya manodasha mein kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh vibhinn kriyaon kii ack shrinkhala koo ingit karane key liye hotaa haye joe shrota (oun) koo usa samay karna chaahiye.
jaba pratyay ~ i (-<unk>) koo ateet aur bhavishya kaal kriyaon, sangyaon aur visheshanon mein jodaa jaataa haye, tou yeh ack nishchit ghatana key kaaran koo ingit karane key liye hotaa haye.
jaba taka (~ phee).
ack ghatana koo ingit karane key liye joe kriya key puuraa honey taka hogi, maukhik pratyay ~ φε/~ φ/jodaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
pratyay ~ nés/~ nas/kaa upayog bhee isi arth key liye kiya jaa sakata haih
neeche kii or (~ hy).
maukhik pratyay ~ hy/~ xÂ/nimn star kii or kii gaee kriya koo nirdisht kartaa haih
oopar kii or (~ e).
oopar kii disha mein kaarravaai koo nirdisht karane key liye, upsarg d ~ (d ~) aur maukhik pratyay ~ e (ja) jodaa jaataa haye.
kuchh samay key liye (~ γU).
pratyay ~ γu (~ γw) yeh nirdisht kartaa haye kii ingit kaarravaai ack samay avadhi key liye kii gaee thee. iska upayog yeh sanket dene key liye kiya jaa sakata haye kii kaarravaai jaldi seey kii jaayegi. udaaharan key liyeh
ise sangya aur visheshan mein bhee jodaa jaa sakata haih
optative mood (~ γεετ).
maukhik pratyay ~ γεετ (~ ρajat) yaa ~ γαgèet (~ ρaːrjat) yaa anukool manodasha koo nirdisht kartaa haye.
degree kaa hraas (~ rāshu).
degree ("prakaar") key hraas koo ingit karane key liye, pratyay ~ rāshuu (~ rːchw) jodaa jaataa haye. yeh jyaadaatar kriyaon aur visheshanon parr upayog kiya jaataa haye aur shayed hii kabhi sangya parr upayog kiya jaataa haye.
ashcharya mood (~ üi).
pratyay-ui (-wːj) ack aashcharyajanak manodasha koo ingit kartaa haye. 
kaarravaai connection key baad (~ εM).
ack nishchit kriya key baad ateet mein hui ghatana koo ingit karane key liye, pratyay-εm (-am) jodaa jaataa haye.
ack nishchit kriya key baad honey vaali ghatana koo ingit karane key liye, samay key poorvasoochak z ~ aur pratyay ρεm (ρAM) jode jaate hain.
ack nishchit kriya key honey seey thheek pahale hui ghatana koo ingit karane key liye, pratyay ~ nym (~ nym) jodaa jaataa haye.
punaravritti (~ rasé).
maukhik pratyay ~ ras (-rːs) punaravritti, ack visheshta kii upasthiti koo nirdisht kartaa haye. yeh ack aisee kriya koo nirdisht kartaa haye joe koee aksar kartaa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
usa vishay yaa vastu koo ingit karane key liye joe aamtaur parr yaa aksar ack nishchit kriya kartaa haye, pratyay ~ rasé (-rːsa) koo usa sangya mein jodaa jaataa haye joe ack kriya seey banaai gaee thee. udaaharan key liyeh
key baare mein (~ pét).
ack kriya koo ingit karane key liye joe honey vaali haye, maukhik pratyay-pét (-pat) jodaa jaataa haye.
hamesha (~ Âzépyt).
yeh ingit karane key liye kii kriya hamesha hoti haye, pratyay-zépyt (-zapyt) jodaa jaataa haye.
abhee haal hii mein (~ γακτος).
haal hii mein hui kriya koo ingit karane key liye, pratyay-güakk (-ρaːt̃chʼ) jodaa jaataa haye.
honah chaahiye (~ πφαγα).
ack kriya koo ingit karane key liye kii vishay koo ateet mein kiya jaanaa chaahiye thaa aur naheen, pratyay-pchauagü (-pχaːr) jodaa jaataa haye.
kshetra (~ hh).
maukhik pratyay ~ hh/~ ꯘꯥ/ack nishchit kshetra mein ack kshetra yaa kriya kii punaravritti parr kii gaee kaarravaai koo nirdisht kartaa haih
reflexive maukhik upsarg ze ~ (zaj ~) aur maukhik pratyay ~ hhh (~ ꯘꯥ) kaa upayog usa kshetra yaa sthaan key aspas kissy dwara kii gaee kaarravaai koo ingit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye jisamen way khade hain. yeh kissy key aspas kii kriya kii punaravritti koo bhee nirdisht kartaa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
maukhik upsarg κε ~ (qaj ~) aur maukhik pratyay ~ χh (~ γ) kaa upayog ack kshetra parr kii gaee kaarravaai koo ingit karane key liye ack saath kiya jaataa haye, udaaharan key liyeh
kissy vastu key chaaron or gati koo ingit karane key liye, upsarg δε ~ (daa ~) aur pratyay ~ hh (~ γ) jodaa jaataa haih
pratyay ~ hh (~ γ) kaa upayog sthitigat upsargon key saath ack nishchit disha aur sthiti mein ack nishchit kshetra parr kii gaee kaarravaai koo ingit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liyeh
maukhik pratyay ~ hh (~ ꯘꯥ) kaa upayog dohrao seey kii gaee kriya yaa lambe samay taka kii gaee kriya yaa binaa kissy rukawat yaa viram key kii gaee kriya yaa poori tarah seey kii gaee kriya koo ingit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, udaaharan key liyeh
tareeke seey (~ κκε).
jiss tarah seey ack kriya kii jaati haye, usey ingit karane key liye maukhik pratyay ~ kkè (t̃chʼa) jodaa jaataa haye. isake bajaay shapsug bolly mein pratyay ~ kkhy (~ kjʼa) kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
yeh bhee ingit karna sambhav haye kii koee vyakti kiss tarah seey kriya kartaa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
mushkil (~ γοί).
yeh ingit karane key liye kii ack kriya karna mushkil haye, pratyay-γοαy (-ρwaːj) jodaa jaataa haye.
aasaan (~ γοσφοστο).
yeh ingit karane key liye kii ack kriya karna aasaan haye, pratyay-γοσχοστο (-ρwachwʼ) jodaa jaataa haye.
chetavani manodasha (~ κον).
shrotaon koo ack nishchit kriya karane seey chetavani dene yaa daraane key liye, maukhik pratyay ~ κον (~ qwan) isamen jodaa jaataa haye.
(~ λλ) kii or nirdeshit.
maukhik pratyay ~ λ (~ lʼ) kissy kii or nirdeshit yaa kissy vyakti yaa kissy cheez parr lagu honey vaali kaarravaai koo nirdisht kartaa haye. udaaharan key liyeh 
thodaa saa (~ Â).
maukhik pratyay ~ Âo mamulita koo nirdisht kartaa haye; udaaharan key liyeh
galati seey (~ ̃).
maukhik pratyay ~ χοu galati koo nirdisht kartaa haye; udaaharan key liyeh
swechha seey (~ pee).
maukhik pratyay ~ pee swechha seey kii gaee kaarravaai koo nirdisht kartaa haye; udaaharan key liyeh
praarambhik sthiti (~ Â).
maukhik pratyay ~ Â praarambhik sthiti koo nirdisht kartaa haye; udaaharan key liyeh
nirpeksh (~ h).
maukhik pratyay ~ Â yeh nirpeksh koo nirdisht kartaa haye; udaaharan key liyeh
poorv (~ péu).
nakaratmak key saath-saath, maukhik pratyay pahale seey hii nirdhaarit hotaa haye; samay mein pahale. udaaharan key liyeh
post (~ üj).
maukhik pratyay ~ üj baad mein nirdhaarit hotaa haye. udaaharan key liyeh

