
vyavasaay prakriya abhivinyas

vyaavsaayik prakriya abhivinyas (bee. pee. oh.) kii avadharana daming (walton, 1996), porter (1985), devenport aur short (1990), hammer (1993,1996 aur 1999), grover aadi key kaam parr adharit haye. (1995), aur combs aind hull (1996). iss kaary key nikaay seey pataa chalata haye kii firm sangathan key "prakriya drishtikon" koo apnakar apane samagr pradarshan koo badhaa sakati hain. haalaanki kaee farmon ney bee. pee. oh. avadharana koo apanaaya haye, lekin behtar vyaavsaayik pradarshan koo suvidhajanak banaane mein isaki prabhavsheelta kii pushti karane key liye bahut cumm yaa koee anubhavjanya detta maujood naheen thaa. mccormack (2000) ney bee. pee. oh. aur badhe hue vyaavsaayik pradarshan key beach sambandhon kaa pataa lagaane key liye ack anubhavjanya adhyayan kiya. shodh key parinamon seey pataa chalaa haye kii bee. pee. oh. sangharsh koo cumm karane aur vyavasaay pradarshan mein sudhaar karate hue sangathan key bheetar adhik judaav koo protsaahit karane mein mahatvapurna haye. isake alawa, bee. pee. oh. key majboot upaayon vaali companiyon ney behtar samagr vyaavsaayik pradarshan dikhaaya. shodh seey yeh bhee pataa chalaa kii sangathanon key bheetar uchch bee. pee. oh. star ney adhik sakaratmak corporate vatavaran paida kiya, joe behtar sangathanaatmak judaav aur cumm aantarik sangharsh key madhyam seey sachitra haye. kohalbachar (2009) key ack anya anubhavjanya adhyayan seey pataa chalata haye kii bee. pee. oh. graahak santushti, utpaad kii gunavatta, vitaran kii gati aur samay-seey-bajar kii gati seey sakaratmak roop seey judaa huaa haye.
ack kendriya avadharana key liye, joe 1990 key dashak key prabandhakon key liye ack pavitra grail bunn gaee haye, bee. pee. oh. koo chihnit karna ullekhaniya roop seey kathin banaa huaa haye. isake vijetaon kaa tark haye kii yeh prabandhan key liye ack nayaa drishtikon haye joe ateet key kathor padanukram ("main apane boss koo report kartaa huun") koo aisee sanrachanaon key saath badal detaa haye joe bahut chaplusi, adhik sahakaari, adhik prakriya-unmukh ("main apane graahak koo report kartaa huun."). humm mein seey kaee logon koo donon prakaar key sangathanon kaa anubhav rhaa haye aur humm sahaj roop seey jaanate hain kii bee. pee. oh. kaisa mahsoos kartaa haye. phir bhee, yadi aap merey jaise hain, tou aap ack adhik thhos neenv chaahte hain jiss parr nirnay aur sifaarishen kii jaa sakein.
vyaavsaayik prakriya abhivinyas parr adhikansh saahitya lokpriya press mein rhaa haye aur isamen shodh yaa anubhavjanya dhyaan kaa abhaav haye. halanki anubhavjanya sakshya kii kamee haye, lekin pichhale kuchh varshon key dauran kaee model saamane aae hain jinhen aaj aur cull kii duniya mein aavashyak uchch pradarshan, prakriya unmukh sangathan key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa haye. daming, porter, devenport, short, hammer, byrn, imai, drucker, rummler-bretch aur melan sabhi ney paribhaashit kiya haye kii way sangathan key nae model key roop mein kyaa dekhate hain. pratyek model key prastaavak key anusaar, iss model key "nirmaan" key liye ack nae drishtikon aur sangathan key baare mein sochane key ack nae tareeke kii aavashyakta hoti haye jisake parinamswarup naatakiya vyaavsaayik pradarshan mein sudhaar hoga. aapke sangathan koo "sochane kaa nayaa tarika" yaa "dekhane" koo aam taur parr vyaavsaayik prakriya abhivinyas key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.
vyavasaay prakriya abhivinyas key saath ack sangathan koo kendrit karane yaa banaane kii prakriya ney kaee report kii gaee safaltaon koo janm diyaa haye. texas instruments, pragatisheel beema aur americi maanak companiyon koo ack sangathan key bheetar ack prakriya abhivinyas key nirmaan seey behtar vyaavsaayik pradarshan praapt karane key roop mein bataaya gayaa haye (hathauda 1996). vyaapaar prakriya abhivinyas ney madhyam aur laghu vyavasaay parr lagu honey parr safalata bhee praapt kii haye joe thheek seey sthaapit haye.
prakriya abhivinyas, aur behtar cross-functional interaction key saath iska sambandh, lagbhag pandrah saal pahale michael porter dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa. unhone moolya shrinkhala mein antar-sanchaalan kii avadharana koo farmon key bheetar ack pramukh mudde key roop mein pesh kiya (porter 1985). doubleu. edward daming ney "daming flow aarekh" key saath bhee yogdan diyaa, jisamen graahak seey aapurtikarta taka key sambandh koo ack aisee prakriya key roop mein darshaaya gayaa haye jise kissy bhee anya prakriya (walton 1986) kii tarah maapa aur sudhaar kiya jaa sakata haye. thomas devenport aur james short (1990) ney ack sangathan key bheetar ack prakriya abhivinyas koo "naee audyogik engineeringh soochana praudyogiki aur vyaavsaayik prakriya key punah design mein ack pramukh ghatak key roop mein varnit kiya."
michael hammer ney ack safal "punarpravinyas" prayaas key ack aavashyak ghatak key roop mein vyaavsaayik prakriya abhivinyas avadharana koo bhee prastut kiya. hathauda ney iss shabd koo ack graahak kendrit, ranneetik vyavasaay prakriya adharit sangathan key vikas kaa varnan karane key liye gadhaa, joe ack prakriya unmukh tareeke seey dhaaranaon parr punarvichaar karke aur soochana praudyogiki kaa upayog ack pramukh sakshamkarta key roop mein karke saksham haye (hathauda, 1993). hathauda una samasyagrast cross-functional gatividhiyon koo door karane key liye ack ranneeti key roop mein punarpravinyas pradaan kartaa haye joe farmon key liye pramukh pradarshan muddon koo prastut curr rahey hain aur unaki pustakon aur lekhon kii shrinkhala mein safaltaon aur viphaltaon key kaee udaharanon kaa hawala dete hain. hallmark aur wall-maart koo aksar safalata kii kahaaniyon key roop mein aur aaee. bee. aim. aur jee. aim. koo viphaltaon key roop mein saamane rakhaa jaataa haye.
uddhrit udaharanon mein sanskriti ack pramukh vishay haye. vyaavsaayik prakriya sanskriti" ack aisee sanskriti haye joe prakriya aur pranali soch key saath-saath paraspar karyatmak, graahak unmukh haye. ise devenport kii prakriya abhivinyas kii paribhasha dwara vistaarit kiya jaa sakata haye jisamen sanrachana, dhyaan, maap, swaamitva aur grahakon key tatva shamil hain (devenport 1993). devenport ney prakriya sudhaar key liye pratibaddhata parr bhee jore diyaa joe iss sanskriti key ack pramukh ghatak key roop mein graahak aur vyavasaay prakriya soochana unmukh pranaliyon koo seedhe labhanvit kartaa haye.
anta mein, hathauda (hathauda 1993,1995,1996,1999) ney "prakriya soch" koo cross-functional aur parinam unmukh key roop mein varnit kiya. unhone ack sangathan key ghatakon kaa varnan karane key liye chaar shreniyon kaa bhee upayog kiya. yeye hainh
bee. pee. oh. kii paribhasha.
ack adhik thhos neenv sthaapit karane key liye, main bee. pee. oh. koo maapane key liye ack paribhasha aur ack drishtikon kaa prastaav rakhna chahunga. bee. pee. oh. avadharana mein paryaapt chikitsak aur shodhkarta hain aur ise paryaapt companiyon mein lagu kiya gayaa haye kii abb hamaare paas ack pareekshan yogya saankhyikiya model vikasit karane key liye aavashyak jaankaari haye. chaal, nishchit roop seey, anubhav kii usa vyaapak shrinkhala koo praapt karna aur ise vaigyaanik roop seey sweekarya tarikon seey ack aise bindu taka ublana haye jahaan chikitsak ise kshetra mein aasaani seey upayog curr sakate hain.
iss neenv key nirmaan key liye hamara drishtikon ack vyaapak saahitya sameeksha, donon yuu. aiss. mein visheshagyon key saath sakshatkar key saath shuru huaa.aiss. aur bee. pee. oh. key bheetar pramukh paribhasha aur charr nirdhaarit karane key liye anubhavi chikitsakon aur visheshagyon key saath europe aur pareekshan. vibhinn saankhyikiya takneekon (domen sampling, gunank alfa pareekshan aur kaarak vishleshan) kaa upayog karate hue, humm donon ney vibhinn bee. pee. oh. charon kii vaidhata nirdhaarit kii aur una charon koo ack saral samagr soochi (sarvekshan upkaran) mein sanghanit kiya joe ack sangathan key bheetar bee. pee. oh. koo maapane mein aasaan upayog kii peshkash kartaa haye (aim. see. oh. aim. 1999).
maulikta yaa moolya parr bhee vichaar karna mahatvapurna haye. prakriya prabandhan mein kiye gaye adhyayanon key avalokan seey pataa chalaa kii pough key liye ack mahatvapurna sanketak key roop mein proxy charr kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. iska ack achchha udaaharan iso 9000 pramanan haye. 
hamaare shodh mein paaya gayaa kii vyavsaayiyon aur visheshagyon ney kahaa kii ack vyavasaay prakriya unmukh sangathan iss parr aataa haih
"ack aisaa sangathan joe padanukram key vipareet prakriya parr jore detaa haye, sochane, parinamon aur grahakon key liye ack prakriya unmukh tarika."
hamane yeh bhee paaya kii bee. pee. oh. bhee teen tatvon mein vibhajit hotaa haih
haal key shodh ney mccormack (1999) key tatvon kaa vistaar kiya haye aur nishkarsh nikala haye kii bee. pee. oh. kii avadharana mein nimnalikhit ghatak shamil hainh
sandarbh.
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