
tinker vee. days moines swatantra samudayik vidyalaya jilaa

tinker vee. days moines swatantra samudayik vidyalaya jilaa, 393 yuu.aiss. 503 (1969), sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya dwara ack aitihaasik nirnay thaa jisane yuu. aiss. mein chhatron key pratham sanshodhan adhikaaron koo paribhaashit kiya thaa.aiss. saarvajanik vidyalaya. tinker" pareekshan, jise "paryaapt vyavadhaan" pareekshan key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, aaj bhee adalaton dwara yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye kii kyaa vyavadhaan koo rokane key liye school kaa hita chhatron key pahale sanshodhan adhikaaron kaa ullanghan kartaa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
1965 mein, days moines, ayova mein paanch chhatron ney viyatnam yuddh mein americi bhagidari key virodh mein aur senator robbert aff dwara bulaaye gaye chrismus sangharsh viram kaa samarthan karate hue school mein kaali baanh kii patti pahanane kaa faisala kiya. kenedi. chhatron mein johnn aff they. tinker (15 saal kaa), usake bhaai-bahan mairi beth tinker (13 saal kaa), hope tinker (11 saal kaa), aur paul tinker (8 saal kaa), apane dost christopher eckhardt (16 saal kaa) key saath. chhatron ney days moines swatantra samudayik vidyalaya jile mein kaee schools mein haath patti pahani (johnn key liye uttar uchch vidyalaya, christopher key liye roozvelt uchch vidyalaya, mairi beth key liye villium harding junier uchch vidyalaya, aashaa key liye praathamik vidyalaya aur paul).
tinker parivaar chhaatr virodh seey pahale nagrik adhikaar sakriyata mein shamil thaa. tinker bachchon kii maan, lorena, days moines mein shaanti sangathan kii netaa theen. christopher eckhart aur johnn tinker ney pichhale maheene washington, dee mein viyatnam yuddh key khilaf ack virodh pradarshan mein bhaag liya.see. days moines schools key pracharyon koo yojana key baare mein pataa chalaa aur 16 disambar koo ghatana seey pahale ack neeti banaane key liye mille jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii ack armband pahane hue schooly bachchon koo ise turant hataane key liye kahaa jaayega. neeti kaa ullanghan karane vaale chhatron koo nilambit curr diyaa jaayega aur iska paalan karane key liye sahmat honey key baad unhein school lautane kii anumati dee jaayegi. pratibhagiyon ney iss neeti kaa ullanghan karane kaa faisala kiya. aashaa aur paul tinker neeti kaa ullanghan naheen curr rahey they, kyonki neeti praathamik vidyaalayon parr lagu naheen thee, aur unhein dandit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. chhatron dwara haath parr patti pahanane key kaaran koee hinsa yaa vyavadhaan naheen huaa. mairi beth tinker aur christopher eckhardt koo 16 disambar koo armband pahanane key liye school seey nilambit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur agale dinn johnn tinker koo bhee aisaa karane key liye nilambit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
kanuni poorvavarti aur mudde.
pichhale nirnay, jaise kii "west virginia state board off ajucation v. barnet ney yeh sthaapit kiya thaa kii chhatron koo saarvajanik vidyalaya mein kuchh samvaidhaanik suraksha millie thee. yeh mamla pahali baar thaa jaba adalat ney saarvajanik vidyalaya key chhatron key abhivyakti kii swatantrata key adhikaaron kii raksha key liye maanak nirdhaarit kiye they. iss mamle mein prateekaatmak bhaashan shamil thaa, jise pahali baar "stromberg banaam" mein pahachaana gayaa thaa. california.
nichali adaalaten.
ayova nagrik swatantrata sangh dwara tinker parivaar seey sampark karane key baad ack mukadama daayar kiya gayaa thaa, aur aclu mukadame mein madad karane key liye sahmat hoe gayaa thaa. danne johnston mamle mein pramukh vakeel they.
days moines swatantra samudayik vidyalaya jile ney una school adhikaariyon kaa pratinidhitva kiya jinhone chhatron koo nilambit curr diyaa. bachchon key pitaa ney yuu mein mukadama daayar kiya.aiss. jilaa adalat, jisane days moines school board key faisale koo barkarar rakhaa.
yuu mein ack tyee vote.aiss. 8vein paripath key liye appeal kii adalat kaa matlab thaa kii yuu.aiss. jilaa adalat kaa nirnay jaari rhaa, jisane tinkers aur eckhards koo seedhe sarvocch nyayalaya mein appeal karane key liye majboor kiya.
mukadame mein shamil ekmatra chhaatr mairi beth tinker, johnn tinker aur christopher eckhardt they. mamle key dauran, tinker parivaar koo nafrat bharey mell, maut kii dhamkiyan aur anya ghrinit sandesh praapt hue.
iss mamle kaa tark 12 navambar, 1968 koo adalat key samaksh diyaa gayaa thaa. ise days moines nivaasiyon luis sangya dwara vitt poshit kiya gayaa thaa, joe ayova nagrik swatantrata sangh key adhyaksh they, aur unake bhaai, joseph rosenfield, ack vyavasaayi they.
nirnay.
bahumat kii raay.
adalat key 7-2 key nirnay mein kahaa gayaa kii pahala sanshodhan saarvajanik schools parr lagu hotaa haye, aur prashasakon koo kaksha mein bhaashan key kissy bhee vishisht viniyaman key liye samvaidhaanik roop seey maanya karanon koo pradarshit karna hoga. adalat ney kahaa, "yeh shayed hii tark diyaa jaa sakata haye kii chhaatr yaa shikshak school key dwaar parr bolane yaa abhivyakti kii swatantrata key apane samvaidhaanik adhikaaron koo chhod dete hain."justice abey fortas ney bahumat kii raay likhi, jisamen kahaa gayaa kii tinker mein mudde parr bhaashan viniyaman" vivaad seey bachane kii ack tatkaal ichcha parr adharit thaa, joe abhivyakti key parinamswarup hoe sakata haye, yahaan taka kii armband key mook prateek dwara, viyatnam mein sangharsh mein iss rashtra key hisse key virodh kaa."iss nirnay ney chhatron aur vayaskon koo school mein pratham sanshodhan adhikaaron key sandarbh mein samaan banaa diyaa. "bethel school jilaa banaam. fraser "aur" hazlewood vee. kuhalmeyar ney baad mein iss nihitarth koo phir seey likhaa, chhatron koo dee gaee swatantrata koo seemit kiya.
adalat ney abhinirdhaarit kiya kii school key adhikaariyon key liye bhaashan koo sensor karane koo uchit thaharaane key liye, unhein "yeh dikhaane mein saksham honah chaahiye kii [unaki] kaarravaai kewal usa asuvidha aur apriyata seey bachane kii ichcha seey adhik kuchh key kaaran hui thee joe hamesha ack alokpriya drishtikon key saath hoti haye", kii aacharan joe "school key sanchaalan mein uchit anushasana kii aavashyaktaon mein bhautik aur paryaapt roop seey hastakshep karega."adalat ney paaya kii haath kii patti pahanane mein tinkers kii kaarrvaaiyon seey vyavadhaan naheen huaa aur yeh maanaa kii unaki gatividhi samvaidhaanik roop seey sanrakshit prateekaatmak bhaashan kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii pratham sanshodhan adhikaar poorna naheen they, aur yadi koee "saavdhaanipoorvak pratibandhit paristhiti" thee tou ise rokaa jaa sakata thaa.chhaatr bhaashan jisamen vyavadhaan paida karane kii kshamata haye," tinker "dwara sanrakshit naheen haye."
asahamati.
nyaayamurti hyugo black aur johnn aim. harlen dwiteeya ney asahamati jataai. ashwet, joe lambe samay seey maanate they kii vighatankari "prateekaatmak bhaashan" samvaidhaanik roop seey sanrakshit naheen thaa, ney likhaa, "jabaki maine hamesha maanaa haye kii pahale aur chaudahaven sanshodhanon key tahat naa tou raajya aur naa hii sanghiya sarkaar koo bhaashan kii samagri koo viniyamit karane yaa sensor karane kaa koee adhikaar haye, maine kabhi naheen maanaa haye kii kissy bhee vyakti koo bhaashan dene yaa pradarshanon mein shamil honey kaa adhikaar haye jahaan vaha chaahata haye aur jaba vaha chaahata haye."ashwet ney tark diyaa kii tinkers kaa vyavhaar vaastav mein vighatankari thaa aur ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa," main dohrata huun kii aggar samay aaa gayaa haye jaba raajya samarthit schools, kindergarten key chhaatr, apane school key kaam parr apana dimag rakhane key liye school adhikaariyon key aadeshon kii avahelana aur avahelana curr sakate hain, tou yeh nyaypalika dwara poshit iss desh mein anumati key ack nae krantikari yug kii shuruat haye."
harlen ney iss aadhar parr asahamati jataai kii unhone "iss record mein aisaa kuchh bhee naheen paaya joe uttardaataon key armband viniyaman koo lagu karane mein achche vishvaas koo prabhaavit kartaa haye."
viraasat.
baad kaa nyayshastra.
"tinker" ack vyavharya aur aksar uddhrit adalat kii misal bunny hui haye, aur "tinker" kaa hawala dete hue adalat key faisalon ney chhaatr key abhivyakti kii swatantrata key adhikaaron key dayare koo sanrakshit aur seemit kiya haye. "tinker" kaa hawala 1973 key adalat key mamle "papish banaam. misauri vishvavidyalaya key curators kaa board, jisane faisala sunaaya kii ack chhaatr koo parisar mein ack samachar patra vitarit karane key liye nishkaasit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen school koo "abhadra bhaashan" maanaa gayaa thaa, pahale sanshodhan kaa ullanghan kartaa haye. 1986 key adalat mamle mein "bethel school jilaa banaam. " "" supreme court ney faisala sunaaya kii ack school vidhansabha key dauran ack hyee school key chhaatr kaa yaun vyangya seey bharaa bhaashan samvaidhaanik roop seey sanrakshit naheen thaa.  adalat ney kahaa kii "tinker" mamle mein banaae gaye chhaatr raajneetik bhaashan kaa sanrakshan school kii setting mein ashleel bhasha taka naheen faila haye. adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii yadi vayaskon dwara raajneetik mudda banaane key liye isi tarah kii bhasha kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye tou ise samvaidhaanik roop seey sanrakshit kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin way surakshaaen saarvajanik vidyalaya mein chhatron parr lagu naheen hoti hain.
"hazlewood vee. kuhalmeyar 1988 kaa ack adalat kaa mamla thaa jisamen ack hyee school key principle ney talaak aur kishore garbhavastha key baare mein dou lekh prakaashit karane seey school key pepper koo roque diyaa thaa. sarvocch nyayalaya ney faisala sunaaya kii schools koo "vaidh shaikshanik chintaon" key tahat gair-munch, school-praayojit samachar patron kii samagri koo viniyamit karane kaa adhikaar haye."adalat ney tark diyaa kii pracharya kaa sampadakiya nirnay uchit thaa kyonki pepper ack gair-saarvajanik munch thaa kyonki yeh school-praayojit thaa aur patrakaarita varg mein chhatron key liye ack munch key roop mein maujood thaa. adalat ney "hazlewood" mein kahaa kii "perry ajucation association banaam key siddhant key tahat. sthaaniya shikshak sangh key anusaar, "1982 kaa ack adalat kaa mamla jisane ack saarvajanik munch kii paribhasha koo spasht kiya, ack samachar patra jaisi ack school suvidha kewal ack saarvajanik munch key roop mein yogya haye yadi school adhikaari una suvidhaon koo" aam janata dwara andhadhundh upayog key liye upalabdh karaate hain."
fraser" aur "hazelwood" mein adalat key faisalon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii anya chhatron key adhikaaron parr "paryaapt vyavadhaan" yaa ullanghan chhaatr kii abhivyakti yaa abhivyakti kii swatantrata koo pratibandhit karane key liye paryaapt kaaran thaa. kuchh visheshagyon kaa tark haye kii teen vyaktigat mamle pratyek ack dusare seey swatantra roop seey kaary karate hain aur vibhinn prakaar key chhaatr bhaashan koo niyantrit karate hain. yeh tark diyaa jaataa haye kii "fraser" "tinker" mein hastakshep naheen kartaa haye, kyonki "fraser" yaun bhaashan parr sawal uthaata haye jabaki "tinker" raajneetik bhaashan kii raksha kartaa haye. jabaki kuchh kaa maanana haye kii "tinker" kii suraksha koo "fraser" aur "kuhalmeyar" dwara palat diyaa gayaa thaa, anya kaa maanana haye kii baad key mamalon ney "tinker" faisale key apavaad paida kiye. anya logon kaa tark haye kii "tinker" kaa vyaapak adhyayan chhaatr bhaashan key kuchh vishayon parr drishtikon bhedbhaav kii anumati detaa haye.
2013 mein, yuu.aiss. teesare paripath key liye appeal kii adalat ney ack mamle "aine baink" kii phir seey sunavaai kii, jisamen isake teen nyayadhishon key ack panel key samaksh tark diyaa gayaa thaa, yeh dekhate hue kii kyaa maadhyamik vidyalaya key chhatron koo stun cancer jagrukta koo badhaava dene vaale kangan pahanane seey pratibandhit kiya jaa sakata haye, joe "aaee igg boobies!" key saath mudrit they. (ack stun rakhein)."teesare circuit ney" "tinker" "kaa hawala dete hue faisala sunaaya kii school key kangan parr pratibandh ney chhatron key abhivyakti kii swatantrata key adhikaar kaa ullanghan kiya kyonki kangan spasht roop seey aakramak yaa vighatankari naheen they. adalat ney "fraser" kaa bhee hawala dete hue kahaa kii kangan ashisht bhaashan naheen they. baad mein sarvocch nyayalaya ney mamle koo uthaane seey incar curr diyaa.
parisangh key dhwaj key aadhunik pradarshan seey kaee mamle saamane aae hain. tinker" key tahat "paryaapt vyavadhaan pareekshan" koo lagu karane vaali adalaton ney maanaa haye kii school chhatron koo sangh prateekon key saath kapade pahanane seey roque sakate hain. yuu.aiss. chauthe paripath key liye appeal kii adalat ney 2013 key adalat mamle mein "tinker" kaa hawala diyaa "hardwick banaam. hayward ney kahaa kii ack chhaatr koo sanghiya dhwaj shirt pahanane seey pratibandhit karane seey pahale sanshodhan kaa ullanghan naheen huaa kyonki iss baat key saboot they kii shirt vyavadhaan paida curr sakati thee. isake apavaad 2010 kaa adalati mamla "diffue vee. spiva "aur 2000 kaa adalati mamla" castorina banaam. maddison county school board. yuu.aiss. chhathe circuit key liye appeal kii adalat ney kahaa "castorina banaam. tinker" aur anya sarvocch nyayalaya key faisalon key aadhar parr, school board sangh key dhwaj tii-shirt parr pratibandh naheen lagaa sakata thaa, jabaki anya "vivadaspad nasleeya aur raajneetik prateekon" jaise "aiks" prateek koo malcum aiks aur african americi muslim andolan seey judey honey kii anumati dee gaee thee. diffue vee. mein. spiva, "yuu.aiss. chhathe paripath key liye appeal kii adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii "nasleeya roop seey shatrutapurna yaa avmaananaapurna bhaashan" koo pratibandhit kiya jaa sakata haye, bhale hii yeh vighatankari naa hoe. yeh "tinker" faisale seey vichalit thaa, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii school kaa tinkers key bhaashan parr pratibandh asamvaidhaanik thaa kyonki yeh vighatankari naheen thaa.
yuu.aiss. nauvein circuit key liye appeal kii adalat ney farwari 2014 mein yeh nirnay dene key liye "tinker" lagu kiya kii ack california school ney "dariano banaam mein pahale sanshodhan kaa ullanghan naheen kiya. morgan hill unified school district, "jahan ack school ney sinco dee meyo utsav key dauran americi dhwaj paridhan parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa thaa. school ney kahaa kii unhone pichhale varsh karyakram mein americi dhwaj paridhan key kaaran hue sangharsh key kaaran pratibandh lagu kiya thaa. nauvein paripath ney mamle "aine baink" aur yuu koo phir seey sunane seey incar curr diyaa.aiss. baad mein sarvocch nyayalaya ney mamle kii sameeksha karane seey incar curr diyaa.
ack pensylvania hyee school cheerleader, jise usake school dwara ack soshal media post mein aapattijanak bhasha kaa upayog karane key liye fatkaar lagaai gaee thee kii usane parisar key baahar aur school key ghanton key baahar kiya thaa, ney 2017 mein school key khilaf mukadama daayar kiya thaa jisamen daavaa kiya gayaa thaa kii usake pahale sanshodhan adhikaaron kaa ullanghan kiya gayaa thaa. jilaa adalat ney usake paksh mein faisala sunaaya, aur school jile ney teesare circuit mein appeal kii. vahaan, teen-nyayadhishon key panel ney sarvasammati seey jilaa faisale koo barkarar rakhaa, lekin bahumat ney kahaa kii "tinker" kabhi bhee ack chhaatr dwara kiye gaye parisar key baahar key bhaashan parr lagu naheen hoe sakata haye, jabaki nyayadhish thomas ell. embro kaa maanana thaa kii yeh bahut vyaapak daavaa thaa. school ney sarvocch nyayalaya mein yachika daayar kii, jisane juuna 2021 mein "mahanoy kshetra school jilaa banaam. bee.ell."chhaatr key paksh mein faisale koo banaae rakhane key liye, lekin usa" tinker "mein teesare circuit key faisale koo palatane seey parisar key baahar bhaashan key kuchh hisson koo shamil kiya jaa sakata haye jaba school mein utpeedan yaa dhamkiyon kii ghatnaaon key liye ack sammohak ruchi hoti haye. haalaanki, sarvocch nyayalaya ney yeh paribhaashit karane kaa prayaas naheen kiya kii kaba iss tarah kaa parisar key baahar kaa bhaashan ack school key sammohak hita key tahat aaya.
"tinker" daura.
mairi beth tinker ney sanyukt raajya america key aspas ack daure parr jaane kaa faisala kiya, jise tinker tour kahaa jaataa haye, 2013 mein "tinker armband kahani aur anya yuva logon kii kahaaniyon key madhyam seey chhatron koo vaastavik jeevan key nagrik sabak dene key liye."yeh daura chhaatr press kaanoon kendra kii ack pariyojana haye.

