
sidney railey

sidney george railey (5 navambar 1925)-jise "jasuson key paas" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye-ack russie mool kaa sahsi aur gupt agent thaa jise scotland yard kii vishesh shakha aur baad mein british gupt seva beuro key videshi khand dwara niyojit kiya gayaa thaa, joe aadhunik british gupt khufiya seva (aim. aaee. 6/aiss. aaee. aiss.) kaa agradoot thaa. una parr aarop haye kii unhone cumm seey cumm chaar alag-alag mahaan shaktiyon key liye jasusi kii thee, aur dastaveji sakshya ingit karate hain kii vaha 1890 key dashak mein russie aapravaasi halakon key beach, russie-japani yuddh (1904-05) kii poorv sandhya parr manchuria mein, aur masco mein vladmir lenin kii bolshevik sarkaar key khilaf 1918 key ack asafal "takhtapalat" mein shamil thaa.
1920 key dashak key madhya mein cheka key operation trust key lalach mein railey soviyat roose mein gayab hoe gayaa. british rajanyik aur patrakaar aar. aich. broose lockhart ney lockhart kii 1932 kii pustak "ack british agent key sansmaran" mein bolshevik shasson koo ukhaad fenkane key liye apane aur railey key 1918 key karnamon koo prachaarit kiya."yeh ack antarrashtriya best-seller bunn gayaa aur railey key liye vaishvik prasiddhi arjit kii. sansmaranon mein railey, lockhart aur anya shadyantrakariyon dwara bolshevik kranti koo toda-phod karane key prayason koo phir seey bataaya gayaa haye, jabaki yeh abhee bhee bachpan mein haye.
1925 mein soviyat agents dwara unake nishpaadan key paanch varshon key bheetar vishva press ney ack gharelu naam mein railey koo badal diyaa, ack advitiya jasus key roop mein unaki prashansa kii aur unake kaee jasusi romanchon koo yaad kiya. samachar patron ney unhein "itihas kaa sabse badaa jasus" aur "laal roose kaa laal rung kaa pimperail" karaar diyaa. landan "shaam maanak" ney maee 1931 mein ack sachitra dharavahik mein unake karnamon kaa varnan kiya, jiska sheershak thaa "master jasus". ian fleaming ney unhein apane upanyason (praarambhik sheet yuddh mein sthaapit) mein james bonned key liye ack model key roop mein istemal kiya. railey koo "aadhunik british jasusi kii pauranik kathaaon mein pramukh vyakti" maanaa jaataa haye.
janm aur yuvavastha.
railey kii utpatti, pehchaan aur karnamon key baare mein sahee vivaran ack sadee seey adhik samay seey shodhkartaon aur khufiya agencies seey butch gaye hain. jaanchkartaon koo bhramit karane aur gumrah karane key liye khud railey ney apani prishthabhoomi key kaee sanskaran bataae. apane jeevan key alag-alag samay mein, unhone ack ayrish vyaapaari navik, ack ayrish paadari aur roose key samrat alekjendar III key darbar seey judey ack kuleen bhoomi malik kaa betaa honey kaa daavaa kiya. 1925 mein sankalit ack soviyat gupt pulis dastaavez key anusaar, unakaa janm shayed 24 march 1874 koo samrat alekjendar dwiteeya key russie samrajya key ack kaale samudra bandargah odessa mein huaa thaa. iss dastaavez key anusaar, unake pitaa marcus ack doctor aur shipping agent they, jabaki unaki maan ack garib kuleen parivaar seey theen.
anya sroton kaa daavaa haye kii railey kaa janm 24 march 1873 koo odessa mein georgy rosenblum mein huaa thaa. ack khaate mein, unakaa janm naam russie samrajya key cherson gubernia mein salomon rosenblum key roop mein diyaa gayaa haye, joe polina (yaa "parla") kaa avaidh putra thaa aur dow. mikhail abramovic rosenblum, reelee key pitaa grigori rosenblum key chachere bhaai. aisee atkalen bhee hain kii vaha ack vyaapaari samudri kaptan aur polina kaa betaa thaa.
ack anya srot kaa kahana haye kii unakaa janm 24 march 1874 koo sigmund jorgevic rosenblum key roop mein huaa thaa, joe paulin aur gregory rosenblum key ekmatra bete they, joe shaahi roose key grodo praant mein beelsk mein ack sampatti key saath ack ameer polish-yahudi parivaar they. unake pitaa koo sthaaniya roop seey gregory key bajaay george key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, isaliye sigmund kaa sanrakshak georgewich. aisaa lagata haye kii parivaar polish rashtravadi halakon mein paulin kii ignacy zaan pederevsky key saath antarang dosti key madhyam seey achchi tarah seey judaa huaa haye, joe polish rajneta they aur 1919 mein polland key videsh mantri bhee baney they.
videsh yaatraaen karate hain.
zaarvaadi raajneetik pulis kii reports key anusaar, okhrana, rosenblum koo 1892 mein raajneetik gatividhiyon key liye aur ack krantikari samooh key liye ack courier honey key liye giraftar kiya gayaa thaa jise gyaan key mitra key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. vaha nyaayik sajaa seey butch gayaa, aur baad mein usaki alekjendar nikolevic vyakaranikov jaise okhrana agents key saath dosti hoe gaee, aur yeye vivaran sanket dey sakate hain kii vaha iss cumm umr mein bhee ack pulis mukhbir thaa.
railey kii rihaai key baad, usake pitaa ney usey bataaya kii usaki maan marr chuki thee aur usake javic pitaa usake yahudi doctor mikhail aeye they. rosenblum. iss khabar seey vichalit hocker, unhone odessa bandargah mein apani maut kaa nakali roop diyaa aur dakshin america key liye jaane vaale ack british jahaaj parr savaar hocker chaley gaye. brazil mein, unhone pedro naam apanaaya aur 1895 mein ack dock karyakarta, ack sadak prabandhak, ack bagan mazdoor aur ack british khufiya abhiyaan key liye ack rasoiye key roop mein kaam kiya. unhone kathit taur parr abhiyaan aur pramukh charles fodergill kii zaan donon koo bachaaya jaba shatrutapurna mool nivaasiyon ney una parr hamla kiya. rosenblum ney ack british adhikaari kii pistaul jabt curr lii aur hamlaavaron koo visheshagya nishanbaji seey maar daala. fodergill ney apani bahaduri koo 1,500 pound sterling, ack british passport aur britten key liye maarg key saath puraskrit kiya, jahan pedro sidney rosenblum bunn gayaa.
haalaanki, sabooton kaa record brazil kii iss kahani kaa khandan kartaa haye. sabooton seey pataa chalata haye kii rosenblum disambar 1895 mein france seey landan pahunche, joe peris key ack aavaasiya upnagar sent-maur-days-phos seey badee raashi key unake beiman adhigrahan aur jaldbaji mein prasthaan seey prerit thaa. iss khaate key anusaar, rosenblum aur usake polish saathi yaan voitech ney 25 disambar 1895 koo dou italvi arajaktavadiyon koo maar daala aur unhein krantikari dhana kii ack badee raashi loot lii. ack arajaktawadi kaa galaa kaat diyaa gayaa thaa; doosara, jise constant della kaisa kahaa jaataa haye, teen dinn baad fontainblo aspatal mein chaku key ghaavon seey marr gayaa. francisi samachar patra "ll 'union republican dee saine-aitt-loyer" ney 27 disambar 1895 koo iss ghatana kii soochana deeh
pulis koo pataa chalaa kii ack hamlawar kaa bhautik vivaran rosenblum key vivaran seey mell khaata haye, lekin vaha pahale seey hii britten jaa rhaa thaa. usake saathi voitech ney baad mein british khufiya adhikaariyon koo iss ghatana aur rosenblum key saath anya saudon key baare mein bataaya. iss hatyaa seey kaee maheene pahale, rosenblum kii mulakat athel lillion bool seey hui thee, joe ack yuva angreji mahila thee joe ack navodit lekhak thee aur russie pravaasi halakon mein sakriya thee. dampati key beach sambandh vikasit huaa aur unhone yaun sambandh shuru kiya, aur unhone usey roose mein apane ateet key baare mein bataaya. mamla samaapt honey key baad, way patrachar karate rahey. 1897 mein, bool ney "dha gadfly" prakaashit kiya, joe ack sameekshakon dwara prashansit upanyaas thaa, jiska kendriya charitra kathit taur parr railey key jeevan parr adharit thaa. upanyaas mein, naayak ack kameena haye joe apane avaidh ateet seey bachane key liye apani aatmahatya kaa naatak kartaa haye, aur phir dakshin america kii yatra kartaa haye. baad mein vaha europe lautata haye aur italvi arajaktavadiyon aur anya krantikariyon key saath shamil hoe jaataa haye.
dashakon seey, kuchh jeevanikaron ney rilly-bool sampark koo apramaanit bataaya thaa. haalaanki, 2016 mein vistaarit bool-hinton parivaar mein sangraheet patrachar key beach saboot paae gaye they joe pushti karate hain kii 1895 key aspas florence mein railey aur bool key beach ack sambandh huaa thaa. iss baat kaa kuchh sawal haye kii kyaa vaha vaastav mein booley seey peedit thaa aur imandari seey usake pyaar koo vaapas curr diyaa thaa, kyonki vaha usaki gatividhiyon aur anya kattarpanthiyon kii reporting karane vaalaa ack bhugtan pulis mukhbir hoe sakata thaa.
landan menh 1890 kaa dashak.
1896 kii shuruat mein landan key waterloo mein roseta street mein ack apartment block, albert haveli mein rahane vaale railey ney rosenblum naam seey jaanaa jaari rakhaa. unhone ozon taiyari company banaai, jisane patent davaaon koo becha, aur vaha scotland yard kii vishesh shakha key adheekshak villium melville key emigre khufiya network key liye ack bhugtan soochana dene vaale bunn gaye. (melville ney baad mein 1909 mein sthaapit british gupt seva beuro key ack vishesh khand kaa nireekshan kiya.)
1897 mein, rosenblum ney apane pati kii mrityu seey kuchh samay pahale, aadaraniya hyu thomas kii yuva patni margaret thomas (nee kalagan) key saath ack sambandh shuru kiya. rosenblum ney rev seey mulakat kii. landan mein thomas ney apani ozon taiyari company key madhyam seey thomas koo gurde kii soojan thee aur rosenblum dwara kiye gaye chamatkaarik upchaaron seey chintit they. rev. thomas ney rosenblum koo apane jagir ghar mein apani patni seey milwaya, aur unakaa sambandh honey lagaa. 4 march 1898 koo, hyu thomas ney apani vaseeyat mein badalaav kiya aur margaret koo ack nishpaadak key roop mein niyukt kiya; vaha 12 march 1898 koo apane kamare mein mrit paaya gayaa, naee vaseeyat key ack saptah baad. ack rahasyamay dow. tii. doubleu. andreau, jiska bhautik vivaran rosenblum key vivaran seey mell khaata thaa, thomas kii mrityu koo samanya influenzae key roop mein pramaanit karane key liye dikhaai diyaa aur ghoshana kii kii jaanch kii koee aavashyakta naheen thee. abhilekhon seey pataa chalata haye kii dow. key naam seey koee naheen thaa. tii. doubleu. 1897 key aspas grate britten mein andreau.
margaret thomas ney jore dekar kahaa kii unake pati kaa shareer unaki mrityu key 36 ghante baad dafanaane key liye taiyar hoe. usey lagbhag 800,000 pound viraasat mein mille. mahanagariya pulis ney dow. tii. doubleu. andreau, aur naa hii unhone usa nurse kii jaanch kii jise margaret ney kaam parr rakhaa thaa, joe pahale ack poorv niyokta key arsenic jahar seey judee thee. chaar maheene baad, 22 agast 1898 koo, rosenblum ney landan mein holborne registry karyalaya mein margaret thomas seey shaadi kii. samaroh mein dou gawah charles richard cross, ack sarkari adhikaari aur joseph bell, ack nausena clerk they. donon antatah villium melville key ack sahayogi heinry freeman panet kii betiyon seey shaadi karenge. shaadi ney naa kewal vaha dhana laaya joe rosenblum ney chaaha thaa, balki sigmund rosenblum kii apani pehchaan koo tyagane kaa ack bahaana bhee pradaan kiya; melville kii sahaayata seey, unhone ack naee pehchaan banaaih "sidney george railey". yeh naee pehchaan russie samrajya mein lautane aur sudur poorv kii yatra karane kii unaki ichcha koo praapt karane kii kunji thee. railey ney apana naam badalane key liye koee kanuni kadam uthaaye binaa aur british nagrikta key liye aadhikarik aavedan kiye binaa apani naee pehchaan aur rashtriyata praapt kii, joe sabhi kissy prakaar key aadhikarik hastakshep kaa sujhaav dete hain."yeh hastakshep sambhavatah british khufiya kii or seey roose mein unake agami kaam koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye huaa.
roose aur sudur poorv.
juuna 1899 mein, nava sampann railey aur unaki patni margaret ney railey key (jaali) british passport kaa upayog karke samrat nicolaus dwiteeya key russie samrajya kii yatra kii-ack yatra dastavej aur ack aavaran pehchaan donon kathit roop seey villium melville dwara banaai gaee thee. jabaki sent mein. pietersberg seey japani general akashi motoziro (1864-1919) ney japani gupt khufiya sevaaon key liye kaam karane key liye sampark kiya thaa. charitra key ack utsuk nyayadhish, motoziro kaa maanana thaa kii sabse vishvasaniya jasus way they joe japan key prati sahaanubhooti kii bhaavanaon key bajaay laabh seey prerit they aur tadnusar, vaha railey koo aisaa vyakti maanate they.
jaise hii roose aur japan key beach tanaav yuddh kii or badh rhaa thaa, motoziro ney russie sainikon kii gatividhiyon aur nausena key vikas parr jaankaari praapt karane key liye japani yuddh mantralaya dwara pradaan kiya gayaa ¥ 1,000,000 kaa bajat apane paas rakhaa thaa. motoziro ney railey koo russie khufiya sevaaon key baare mein jaankaari key badale mein russie krantikariyon koo vittiya sahaayata pradaan karane kaa nirdesh diyaa aur isase bhee mahatvapurna baat yeh haye kii russie sashastr balon kii taakat, vishesh roop seey sudur poorv mein, nirdhaarit kii jaae. motoziro kii bharti key prastaavon koo sweekaar karate hue, railey abb ack saath british yuddh karyalaya aur japani samrajya donon key liye ack agent bunn gayaa. jabaki unaki patni margaret sent mein raheen. pietersberg, reelee ney kathit taur parr apane tail bhandar key liye coccus kaa punah nireekshan kiya aur "mahaan khel" key hisse key roop mein ack sansaadhan vivaran koo sankalit kiya. unhone apane nishkarshon kii soochana british sarkaar koo dee, jisane unhein iss kaary key liye bhugtan kiya.
russo-japani yuddh seey kuchh samay pahale, ack lakadi company key malik kii aadh mein port arther, manchuria mein railey dikhaai diyaa. yahaan way chaar saal taka rahey, sudur poorv mein raajneetik sthitiyon seey parichit hue aur kshetra mein chala rahee jasusi gatividhiyon mein vyaktigat prabhaav kii ack degree praapt kii. usa samay way abhee bhee british aur japani sarkaaron key liye ack dohra agent they. russie-niyantrit bandargah arther ack japani aakraman key hamesha kaale honey vaale bhoot key tahat thaa, aur railey aur unake vyaavsaayik bhagidar moisei akimovic ginsberg ney anishchit sthiti koo apane laabh key liye badal diyaa. bhaari matra mein khaadya padarthon, kachche maal, davaaon aur koyale kii khareed aur punarvikraya karke, unhone yuddh laabhkartaon key roop mein ack chhota saa bhaagya banaaya.
janwari 1904 mein railey koo aur bhee badee safalata millie, jaba unhone aur cheeni engineer hoe liang shung ney kathit taur parr japani nausena key liye port arther harber raksha yojanaon koo churaa liya. inn chori kii yojanaon dwara nirdeshit, japani nausena ney raat mein bandargah kii raksha karate hue russie khadaan kshetra key madhyam seey nauvahan kiya aur 8-9 farwari 1904 (somwar 8 farwari-mangalwar 9 farwari) kii raat koo port arther parr ack aashcharyajanak hamla kiya. haalaanki, chori kii gaee yojanaon ney japaniyon koo jyada madad naheen kii. ack aashcharyajanak hamale key liye aadarsh paristhitiyon key bavjood, unake yuddh key parinam apekshaakrit kharaab they. haalaanki 31,000 seey adhik russie antatah raksha karane vaale port arther koo nasht curr diye, lekin japani nuksan bahut adhik they, aur inn nuksaanon ney unake yuddh key prayason koo lagbhag kamjor curr diyaa.
lekhak winfried ludeke key anusaar, port arther mein russie adhikaariyon dwara railey jaldi hii sandeh kaa ack spasht lakshya bunn gayaa. isake baad, unhone paaya kii unake ack vyaparik adheenasth russie prati-jasusi kaa agent thaa aur usane iss kshetra koo chhodane kaa faisala kiya. port arther seey prasthaan karane parr, railey ney ack agyaat mahila key saath shaahi japan kii yatra kii, jahan unhein apani poorv khufiya sevaaon key liye japani sarkaar dwara achchi tarah seey bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa. aggar vaha japan key liye ack chakkar lagaata, sambhavatah apani jasusi key liye bhugtan kiya jaanaa thaa, tou vaha bahut lambe samay taka naheen reh sakata thaa, kyonki farwari 1905 taka vaha peris mein dikhaai diyaa. jaba taka vaha sudur poorv seey europe laut aae, taba taka railey ack aatmavishvaasi antarrashtriya sahsi bunn gaye they joe "kaee bhaashaon mein dharapravah they" aur jinaki khufiya sevaaen vibhinn mahaan shaktiyon dwara atyadhik vaanchhit theen. usee samay, unhein anaavashyak jokhim lene key liye pravan "ack moorkh sahsi prakriti" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. baad key iss lakshan key parinamswarup baad mein unhein anya british agents dwara "laparwah" upnaam diyaa gayaa.
mahadvipiya karnamon.
dee 'arcy mamla.
peris mein bitaaye gaye thode samay key dauran unhone villium melville key saath apane karibi parichay koo phir seey shuru kiya, jinhen reelee ney aakhiri baar landan seey prasthaan karane seey thheek pahale 1899 mein dekhaa thaa. jaba railey sudur poorv mein videsh mein thaa, taba melville ney navambar 1903 mein scotland yard kii vishesh shakha key adheekshak key roop mein istifa dey diyaa thaa aur yuddh karyalaya mein ack nae khufiya khand kaa pramukh bunn gayaa thaa. landan mein ack vinamra flat seey vaanijyik aavaran key tahat kaam karate hue, melville abb apane videshi samparkon kaa upayog karke prati-khufiya aur videshi khufiya abhiyaan donon chalaata thaa, joe usane vishesh shakha chalaane key apane varshon key dauran jamaa kiya thaa. peris mein melville key saath railey kii baithak sabse mahatvapurna haye, kyonki kuchh hii hafton key bheetar melville koo railey kii visheshagyata kaa upayog karna thaa jise baad mein dee 'arcy affair key roop mein jaanaa jaayega.
1904 mein nausena key board ney anuman lagaaya kii petroleum shaahi nausena key liye eendhan key praathamik srot key roop mein koyale kaa sthaan legaa. choonki britten mein petroleum prachur matra mein naheen thaa, isaliye videshon mein paryaapt aapoorti dhoondhana aur surakshit karna aavashyak hoga. apani jaanch key dauran british nausena koo pataa chalaa kii ack australiyai khanan engineer villium nox dee 'arcy-jisane anglo-farsi tail company (aeye. pee. oh. see.) kii sthaapana kii thee-ney dakshini faras mein tail adhikaaron key sambandh mein mozafar all-deen shaah kajaar seey ack moolyavaan riyayat praapt kii thee. dee 'arcy mesopotamia mein tail adhikaaron key liye ottoman samrajya seey isi tarah kii riyayat parr baatchit curr rhaa thaa. nausena ney francisi dee rothchilds key bajaay british sarkaar koo apane nae arjit tail adhikaaron koo bechane key liye pralobhan dene key prayaas shuru kiye.
british nausena key anurodh parr, railey ney france key dakshin mein caine mein villium dee 'arcy kaa sthaan liya aur bhesh badalkar unake paas pahuncha. catholic pujari key roop mein kapade pahane, ack dhaarmik daan key liye daan ekatra karane key bahaane rilli gett ney rothchild nauka parr niji charchaon koo toda diyaa. phir unhone gupt roop seey dee 'arcy koo soochit kiya kii angrej unhein ack behtar vittiya sauda dey sakate hain. dee 'arcy ney turant rothchilds key saath baatchit samaapt curr dee aur british nausena seey milane key liye landan laut aae. haalaanki, jeevanikaar andru cook ney farwari 1904 mein, shayed abhee bhee port arther mein honey key baad seey dee 'arcy mamle mein railey kii bhagidari parr sawal uthaaya haye. cook kaa anuman haye kii yeh railey key khufiya pramukh, villium melville aur ack british khufiya adhikaari, heinry curtis bennet they, jinhone dee 'arcy kaary koo anjam diyaa thaa. lekhak daniel yergin dwara "ack aur sambhavana" mein aage badhaai gaee haye kii british nausena ney dee 'arcy kii riyayat koo british haathon mein rakhane key liye "deshbhakton kaa syndicate" banaaya haye, jahir taur parr khud dee' arcy key poorna aur utsuk sahyog key saath.
halanki iss vishesh ghatana mein railey kii bhagidari kii seema anishchit haye, yeh satyaapit kiya gayaa haye kii vaha ghatana key baad coat dee 'azur parr french nadee mein rhaa, joe kii rothchild nauka key bahut paas ack sthaan haye. dee 'arcy mamle key samaapan parr, railey ney brussels kii yatra kii, aur janwari 1905 mein, vaha sent mein laut aae. pietersberg, roose.
frankfurt air show.
jasuson key paas" mein, jeevanikaar robbin broose lockhart ney 1909 mein pahale frankfurt antarrashtriya air show () mein ack nae vikasit german magnet koo praapt karane mein railey kii kathit bhagidari kaa varnan kiya. lockhart key anusaar, frankfurt aim maine mein air show key paanchven dinn, ack german vimaan ney niyantran khou diyaa aur durghatanagrast hoe gayaa, jisamen pilot kii maut hoe gaee. vimaan key injan parr aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa kii usane ack nae prakaar key chumbak kaa upayog kiya thaa joe anya designs seey bahut aage thaa.
pradarshani pilots mein seey ack key roop mein pesh ack british sis agent ney darshakon kaa dhyaan bhatkaaya, jabaki unhone malabe seey chumbak koo hataa diyaa aur dusare koo pratisthaapit kiya. sis agent ney jaldi seey german magneton key vistrit chitra banaae, aur jaba havaai jahaaj koo ack hanger mein hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, tou agent aur reelee mool magneton koo bahaal karane mein kamyab rahey. haalaanki, spains aur cook jaise baad key jeevanikaron ney iska virodh kiya haye kii yeh ghatana apramaanit haye. ghatana key dauran honey vaali kissy bhee vimaan durghatana kaa koee dastaveji saboot naheen haye.
hathiyar kii yojanaaen chori karna.
1909 mein, jaba german casser shaahi germany kii yuddh machine kaa vistaar curr rhaa thaa, tou british khufiya koo germany key yuddh sanyantron key ander jaali hathiyaron key prakaron key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari thee. british khufiya key kahane parr, hathiyaron kii yojana praapt karane key liye railey koo bheja gayaa thaa. carle hanh key naam seey ack baltic shipyard karmchari key roop mein prachhann, railey essen, germany mein pahunchi. ack schafield engineering firm mein welding seekhakar apani cover pehchaan taiyar karane key baad, railey ney essen mein croup gunn works plant mein welder key roop mein ack nimn-stariya sthiti praapt kii. jald hii vaha sanyantra agnishaman dall mein shamil hoe gayaa aur usake foreman koo samajhaaya kii agnishaamak aur hydrant kii sthiti koo ingit karane key liye sanyantra yojana key ack sett kii aavashyakta thee. inn yojanaon koo jald hii fire brigade key sadasyon seey paramarsh karane key liye foreman key karyalaya mein rakhaa gayaa, aur yojanaon kaa pataa lagaane key liye unakaa upayog karane key baare mein shuru kiya gayaa.
subah jaldi, railey ney karyalaya kaa taalaa uthaaya jahan yojanaaen rakhee gaee theen aur foreman dwara khoj kii gaee thee, jise usane chori poori karane seey pahale galaa ghontkar maar daala thaa. ascence seey, railey ney ack train seey dortmund mein ack surakshit ghar mein pravesh kiya. yojanaon koo chaar tukadon mein faadate hue, unhone pratyek koo alag-alag daak bheja taaki yadi ack khou jaataa haye, tou anya teen abhee bhee yojanaon key saar koo prakat karate hain. jeevanikaar cook iss ghatana kii sachchai parr sawal uthaate hain lekin sweekaar karate hain kii german karkhane key record seey pataa chalata haye kii iss samay key dauran ack carle haan vaastav mein essen sanyantra dwara niyojit thaa aur ack sanyantra agnishaman dall maujood thaa.
vaastav mein, pratham vishva yuddh seey pahale, una parr roose mein (sitambar 1905 seey aprail 1914 taka, grate britten key sahayak nausena atashe), phir europe mein kaam karane kaa aarop haye. aprail 1912 taka railey sent mein laut aaya. pietersberg jahan unhone ack ameer vyavasaayi kii bhoomika nibhai aur wings aviation club banaane mein madad kii. sandarbh pustak "aul pietersberg" mein unhein "pracheen vikreta, sangraahak" key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa. yahaan unhone margaret seey apani shaadi koo bhang kiye binaa ack naee patni, naadejhada koo leey liya. unhone alekjendar grammatikov key saath apani dosti phir seey shuru kii joe ack okhrana agent aur club key saathi sadasya they. lekhak richard decan aur edward vaine dair roar kaa kahana haye kii vaastav mein iss samay railey ack okrana double agent thaa. decan kaa daavaa haye kii unhein antarrashtriya hathiyar vikreta aur wickers-armstrang yuddhasamagri limitted key pratinidhi surr besil zahroff seey dosti karane aur unaki jaankaari banaane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. ack aur railey jeevanikaar, richard bee. spains kaa daavaa haye kii iss kaary key dauran railey ney zahroff seey "leey system" seekha-vittiya laabh koo adhikatam karane key liye ack dusare key khilaf sabhi pakshon koo khelane kii ranneeti. haalaanki, jeevanikaar andru cook kaa kahana haye kii railey aur zahroff key beach kissy bhee sambandh key bahut cumm pramaan hain.
pratham vishva yuddh gatividhi.
winfried ludeke aur pepita bobadila kii pichhali jeevani mein, railey koo 1917 seey 1918 taka wilhemine germany mein ack jasus key roop mein rahane key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. baad key sroton parr dhyaan aakarshit karate hue, richard decan ney isi tarah daavaa kiya kii railey ney kaee avsaron parr german rekhaaon key peechhe kaam kiya thaa aur ack baar german samrajya key ander sahyogiyon key khilaf agale niyojit bull key baare mein jaankaari ekatra karane mein saptah bitaaye they. (lockhart railey key ack sanskaran mein una parr aarop lagaaya gayaa haye kii way casser wilhelm II seey judee ack german yuddh baithak kaa hissa they). haalaanki, baad kii adhikansh jeevani iss baat seey sahmat hain kii 1915 aur 1918 key beach sanyukt raajya america mein railey kii gatividhiyon ney europeeya morche parr iss tarah key kissy bhee palayan koo roque diyaa. baad key jeevanikaron kaa maanana haye kii newyork shahar mein yuddhpoton key vyavasaay mein gupt roop seey lagey rahane key bavjood, railey koo gupt roop seey british khufiya mein niyojit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen unhone tathaakathit "german todfod" key kaee krityon mein bhaag liya hoga, jisaki ganana jaanboojhkar sanyukt raajya koo kendriya shaktiyon key khilaf yuddh mein pravesh karane key liye ukasaane key liye kii gaee thee.
itihaaskaar christopher andru ney nott kiya kii "railey ney yuddh key pahale dhaaee saal sanyukt raajya mein bitaaye. isi tarah, lekhak richard bee. spains kaa kahana haye kii railey cumm seey cumm ack saal key liye newyork shahar mein rahata thaa, 1914-15, jahan vaha shaahi german senaa aur usake dushman shaahi russie senaa koo yuddhpoton kii bikri kii vyavastha karane mein lagaa huaa thaa. haalaanki, jaba sanyukt raajya america ney aprail 1917 mein yuddh mein pravesh kiya, tou railey kaa vyavasaay cumm laabhdaayak hoe gayaa kyonki unaki company koo abb germans koo golaa-barud bechane seey pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur octuber 1917 mein russie kranti key baad, russie abb yuddh-shastra naheen khareed rahey they. apratyaashit vittiya kathinaaee kaa saamana karate hue, railey ney newyork shahar mein rahate hue british sarkaar key liye apane bhugtan kiye gaye khufiya kaam koo phir seey shuru karane kii maang kii.
newyork mein station key pramukh norman thwaits key patron dwara isaki pushti kii gaee haye, jisamen saboot hain kii railey ney jasusi seey sambandhit kaam kii maang karate hue thwaits seey sampark kiya thaa. poorv mein akhbar key magnet joseph pulitzer key niji sachiv aur pulitzer key "dha nyu york worled" key liye ack pulis reporter, thwaits sanyukt raajya mein kattarpanthi gatividhiyon key baare mein jaankaari praapt karane key liye utsuk they; vishesh roop seey, soviyat roose key saath americi samajvadiyon key beach koee bhee sambandh. natijatan, thwait key nirdeshan mein, railey ney sambhavatah newyork shahar mein 44 whitehall street parr british mission seey judey ack darjan anya british khufiya kaaryakartaon key saath kaam kiya. haalaanki unakaa pratyaksh mission yuu key saath samanvaya karna thaa.aiss. german samrajya aur soviyat roose key baare mein khufiya jaankaari key sambandh mein sarkaar, british agents ney apane british pratidvandiyon key liye americi audyogik companiyon seey sambandhit vyaapaar rahasya aur anya vaanijyik jaankaari praapt karane parr bhee dhyaan kendrit kiya.
newyork mein railey key khufiya kaam seey thwaits kaafee prabhaavit they kii unhone aim. aaee. 1 (see) key pramukh mansfield cumming koo sifarish kaa patra likhaa. yeh bhee thwait they jinhone sifarish kii thee kii ack sainya aayog praapt karane key liye pahali baar torrento kii yatra karein, yahee kaaran haye kii rilli royal flying corps kanada mein shamil hoe gayaa. 19 octuber 1917 koo, railey koo pariveeksha parr ack asthaayi dwiteeya leftinent key roop mein ack commission praapt huaa. iss aayog koo praapt karane key baad, railey ney 1918 mein landan kii yatra kii, jahan aupchaarik roop seey leftinent railey koo germany aur roose mein counter-bolshevik abhiyaanon parr railey bhejane seey pahale, apani mahamahim kii gupt khufiya seva (aiss. aaee. aiss.) mein ack karmchari mamle key adhikaari key roop mein seva mein niyukt kiya. railey kii patni pepita bobadila key anusaar, railey koo roose bheja gayaa thaa taaki "german agents dwara kiye jaa rahey kaam kaa mukabala kiya jaa sakey" joe kattarpanthi guton kaa samarthan curr rahey they aur "samanya bhavna kii khoj aur report karane key liye".
iss prakaar 5 aprail 1918 seey pahale railey murmansk key madhyam seey russie dharti parr pahunche, jahan unhone poorv okhrana agent alekjendar gramamatikov seey sampark kiya, joe maanate they kii soviyat sarkaar "aaparaadhik vargon aur ashrayon seey riha kiye gaye pagal logon key haathon mein thee. grammatikov ney yaa tou railey key lambe samay key dost general mikhail bonch-bruyevich yaa vladmir bonch-bruyevich, peepuls commissioner kii parishad key sachiv key saath ack niji sakshatkar praapt karane key liye railey kii vyavastha kii. bonch-bruyevich kii gupt sahaayata key saath, unhone ack bolshevik sahaanubhooti kii bhoomika nibhai. vyakaranikov ney aage apani bhatiji dagmara corrosus-masco art theatre mein ack nartaki-koo nirdesh diyaa kii vaha railey koo apane apartment koo "surakshit ghar" key roop mein upayog karane kii anumati dey, aur ack poorv okhrana sahayogi key madhyam seey, joe cheka adhikaari bunn gayaa, railey ney ack cheka agent key roop mein yatra permit praapt kiya.
rajdooton kaa plot.
vladmir lenin kii hatyaa karane aur bolshevik sarkaar koo apadasth karane key prayaas koo jeevanikaron dwara railey kaa sabse sahsi shoshan maanaa jaataa haye. rajdooton kii sajish, jise baad mein press mein lockhart-railey sajish key roop mein galat naam diyaa gayaa, ney varshon seey kaafee bahas chhed dee haih kyaa sahyogiyon ney 1918 kii garmiyon key anta mein bolshevikon koo ukhaad fenkane key liye ack gupt abhiyaan shuru kiya thaa aur, yadi aisaa haye, tou philix diserzinsky key cheka ney gyaarahaven ghante mein sajish koo ujagar kiya yaa kyaa unhein shuruat seey hii sajish key baare mein pataa thaa? usa samay, americi mahavyavasthapak-general devit clinton pool ney saarvajanik roop seey jore dekar kahaa kii cheka ney shuru seey anta taka sajish rachee aur yeh kii railey ack bolshevik agent uttejak thaa. baad mein, robbert broose lockhart ney kahaa kii vaha "aaj taka ghatnaaon key vinashkari modd key liye railey kii jimmedaari key baare mein nishchit naheen they."
janwari 1918 mein, yuva lockhart-british videsh karyalaya key ack kewal kanishth sadasya-koo vyaktigat roop seey british pradhaan mantri david lloyd george dwara soviyat roose key liye ack samvedansheel rajanyik mission shuru karane key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. lockhart key nirdhaarit uddeshya theh soviyat adhikaariyon key saath sampark karna, soviyat-german sambandhon koo nasht karna, german shaanti prastaavon key liye soviyat pratirodh koo majboot karna, aur soviyat adhikaariyon koo purvi rangmanch koo phir seey banaane key liye prerit karna. lekin aprail taka lockhart inmein seey kissy bhee uddeshya koo praapt karane mein asafal rhaa thaa. unhone roose mein tatkaal poorna paimaane parr sahayogi sainya hastakshep key liye rajanyik kebalon mein andolan karna shuru curr diyaa. saath hii, lockhart ney mosco mein ack sashastr vidroh key liye beej boney key liye bolshevik virodhi halakon key bheetar sampark karane key liye railey koo adesh diyaa.
maee 1918 mein, lockhart, railey aur sahayogi shaktiyon key vibhinn agents ney baar-baar matribhoomi aur swatantrata (yuu. dee. aim. aff.) kii raksha key liye prati-krantikari sangh key pramukh boris sevinkov seey mulakat kii. savinkov alekjendar fyodorovic kerensky kii asthaayi sarkaar mein upa yuddh mantri they, aur bolshevikon key ack pramukh virodhi they. samajwadi krantikari party key ack poorv sadasya, savinkov ney kaee hazaar russie ladaakon seey milkar udmuff kaa gathan kiya thaa, aur vaha soviyat sarkaar koo apadasth karane key liye sahayogi prastaavon key prati grahansheel they. lockhart, railey aur anya logon ney taba savinkov key mitra maximilian philonenko seey sambaddh samajwadi krantikari party key cell aur savinkov seey judey virodhi bolshevik samoohon seey sampark kiya. lockhart aur railey ney sis fund key saath inn guton kaa samarthan kiya. unhone kramshah sanyukt raajya america aur france key mahavyavasthapak, devit clinton pool aur fernand grenade key saath bhee sampark kiya. unhone francisi aur yuu key saath sambaddh khufiya sanchalakon key saath apani gatividhiyon kaa samanvaya bhee kiya.aiss. masco mein vanijya dutawas.
ack takhtapalat kii yojana banaana.
juuna mein, curnell edward burzin key latvian rifle division ("latdivizia") key mohbhang tatvon koo petrograd mein bolshevik virodhi halakon mein dikhaai denaa shuru huaa aur antatah unhein ack british nausena key attache kaptan fraansis chromy aur unake sahayak shree koo nirdeshit kiya gayaa. constantine, ack turkey vyaapaari joe vaastav mein railey thaa. apane pichhale jasusi abhiyaanon key vipareet, joe anya agents seey swatantra they, railey ney bargin key latvian logon kii bharti karane aur virodhi bolshevik sashastr balon koo lais karane key sanyukt prayason mein chromy key saath petrograd mein rahate hue nikatata seey kaam kiya. usa samay, chromy ney kathit taur parr british nausena khufiya vibhaag kaa pratinidhitva kiya aur uttari roose mein isake sanchaalan kaa nireekshan kiya. chromy aprabhaavi commander ernest boyce, petrograd mein aim. aaee. 1 (see) station pramukh key saath shithil samanvaya mein kaam kartaa thaa.
jaisa kii burzin key latvian logon koo bolshevikon kaa pretorian rakshak maanaa jaataa thaa aur unhein lenin aur craimlin donon kii suraksha saunpi jaati thee, sahayogi sajishkartaon kaa maanana thaa kii lambit takhtapalat mein unaki bhagidari mahatvapurna haye. latvian rifleman kii sahaayata seey, sahayogi agents ney "sitambar key pahale saptah mein honey vaali baithak mein lenin aur trotsky donon koo jabt karane" kii ummeed kii.
railey ney mosco mein british mission mein lockhart aur latvian logon key beach ack baithak kii vyavastha kii, jabaki craimlin kii raksha karane vaale laal senaa key sainikon koo rishwat dene key liye kathit roop seey "duss laakh seey adhik rubal" kharch kiye. iss star parr, chromy, boyce, railey, lockhart aur anya sahayogi agents ney kathit taur parr bolshevik sarkaar key khilaf ack poorna paimaane parr takhtapalat kii yojana banaai aur isake nidhan parr jimmedariyon koo sambhaalane key liye taiyar soviyat sainya netaaon kii ack soochi taiyar kii. unakaa uddeshya lenin aur trotsky koo pakadana yaa maarnaa, ack asthaayi sarkaar sthaapit karna aur bolshevism koo bujhaana thaa. lenin aur trotsky, unhone tark kiya, "bolshevism" they, aur unake andolan mein kuchh bhee naheen thaa "padaarth yaa sthaayitva". natijatan, "aggar vaha unhein [unake] haathon mein leey jaa sakata tou soviyatvaad kaa koee parinam naheen bachega.
choonki lockhart kii rajanyik sthiti ney gupt gatividhiyon mein unaki khuli bhagidari mein baadha daali, isaliye unhone aisee gatividhiyon kii door seey nigrani karane aur takhtapalat kii vaastavik disha koo reelee koo saunpane kaa faisala kiya. iss kaam koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye, railey ney kathit taur parr petrograd cheka kii aaparaadhik shakha key bheetar ack gair-kanuni sthiti key roop mein ack pada praapt kiya. kathanakon aur prati-kathanakon key iss arajak samay key dauran hii railey aur lockhart aage parichit hoe gaye. lockhart ney baad mein maranoparant unhein "mahaan oorjaa aur vyaktigat aakarshan key vyakti, mahilaaon key liye bahut aakarshak aur bahut mahatvakankshi vyakti" key roop mein varnit kiya. unaki buddhimatta key baare mein merrie bahut uchch raay naheen thee. unake gyaan mein rajneeti seey laker kalaa taka kaee vishay shamil they, lekin yeh satahi thaa. doosari or, unakaa saahas aur khatare key prati udasinta shandar thee."masco mein unake pichhale kamare kii sazishon key dauran, lockhart ney kabhi bhee sahyogiyon key prati railey kii wafadari parr khule taur parr sawal naheen uthaaya, halanki vaha niji taur parr aashcharyachakit thaa kii kyaa railey ney curnell burzin aur usake latvian rifleman key saath baad mein satta parr kabja karane key liye ack gupt sauda kiya thaa.
lockhart key anuman mein, railey ack aseemit "napolean saanche mein daala gayaa aadami" thaa aur, aggar unakaa prati-krantikari takhtapalat safal huaa thaa, tou "[burzin key latvian rifleman kaa upayog karke] ack akela haath khelane kii sambhavana ney unhein kissy bhee naee sarkaar kaa pramukh banane key liye" napolean design key saath prerit kiya hoga. haalaanki, sahayogi shadyantrakariyon key anajaane mein, burzin "ack imandar commander" aur "soviyat sarkaar key prati samarpit" thaa. halanki ack checkist naheen, phir bhee unhone diserzinsky key cheka koo soochit kiya kii unhein railey dwara sampark kiya gayaa thaa aur sahayogi agents ney unhein ack sambhaavit takhtapalat mein bharti karane kaa prayaas kiya thaa. iss jaankaari ney diserzinsky koo aashcharyachakit naheen kiya kyonki cheka ney maee mein british rajanyik sanhitaon taka pahunch praapt curr lii thee aur bolshevik virodhi gatividhiyon kii bariki seey nigrani curr rahey they. diserzinsky ney burzin aur anya latvian adhikaariyon koo nirdesh diyaa kii way sahayogi sajishkartaon key prati grahansheel honey kaa naatak karein aur unake lambit operation key harr vivaran parr saavdhaanipoorvak report karein.
kathaanak ulajha huaa haye.
jabaki sahayogi agents ney petrograd aur mosco mein soviyat shasson key khilaf sainya kaarravaai kii, roose mein ack aasann sahayogi sainya hastakshep kii lagaatar afavaahen uda gaeen joe kendriya shaktiyon key khilaf chala rahey yuddh mein phir seey shamil honey key ichchuk ack nae shasson key paksh mein navodit soviyat sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkegi. 4 agast 1918 koo, ack sahayogi bull roose key arkhangelsk mein utaraa, jisane ack prasiddh sainya abhiyaan kii shuruat kii jise operation archangel kahaa jaataa haye. iska ghoshit uddeshya german samrajya koo iss kshetra mein sangraheet sambaddh sainya aapoorti praapt karane seey rokna thaa. iss ghuspaith key pratishodh mein, bolshevikon ney 5 agast koo british rajanyik mission parr chhaapa maaraa, jisase bolshevik virodhi latvian, udmaf adhikaariyon aur lockhart key beach ack baithak kii vyavastha kii gaee thee. inn chhaapon seey pareshan naa hocker, 17 agast 1918 koo latvian resiment key netaaon key beach baithakon kaa sanchaalan kiya aur sainya khufiya nideshalaya kii or seey roose mein kaam karane vaale ack bahubhashi british agent, kaptan george alekjendar hill key saath sampark kiya.
pahaadi ney baad mein railey koo "ack andhera, achchi tarah seey taiyar, bahut videshi dikhane vaalaa aadami" key roop mein varnit kiya, jise "sthiti kii vaastaviktaon kii adbhut samajh thee" aur vaha "ack kaaryasheel vyakti" thaa. way sahmat hue kii takhtapalat sitambar key pahale saptah mein bolshoi theatre mein peepuls kamisar aur mosco soviyat kii parishad kii baithak key dauran hoga. 25 agast koo, kathit taur parr duit see mein sahayogi shadyantrakariyon kii ack aur baithak hui. masco mein pool kaa americi vanijya dutawas. iss samay taka, sahayogi shadyantrakariyon ney poore soviyat roose mein agents aur vidrohiyon kaa ack vyaapak network sangathit kiya thaa, jinaki vyaapak mahatvakanksha rashtra kii khaadya aapoorti koo baadhit karna thaa. masco mein niyojit sainya vidroh key saath, unakaa maanana thaa kii ack purani khaadya kamee lokpriya ashanti koo trigger karegi aur soviyat adhikaariyon koo aur kamjor karegi. badale mein, soviyat sangh koo ack naee sarkaar dwara ukhaad fenka jaayega joe sahayogi shaktiyon key liye anukool hogi joe casser wilheim II key german reech key khilaf shatruta koo navinikrit karegi. 28 agast koo, railey ney pahaadi koo soochit kiya kii vaha turant masco seey petrograd key liye ravaana hoe rhaa haye, jahan vaha british vanijya dutawas mein commander francis chromy key saath takhtapalat seey sambandhit antim vivaran parr charcha karega. usa raat, railey koo masco aur petrograd key beach pickett lines key madhyam seey yatra karane mein koee kathinaaee naheen hui kyonki usaki pehchaan petrograd cheka key sadasya key roop mein hui thee aur usake paas cheka yatra permit thaa.
30 agast koo, boris sevinkov aur maximilian philonenko ney leonid kainegisar naamak ack sainya cadet-philonenko key chachere bhaai-koo petrograd cheka key pramukh moisei uritsky koo goli maarne aur maarne kaa adesh diyaa. petrograd soviyat key netaa grigori zinovieve key baad uritsky shahar mein doosara sabse shaktishali vyakti thaa, aur usaki hatyaa koo cheka aur poore bolshevik netritva donon key liye ack jhatake key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. uritsky koo maarne key baad, ack ghabaraae hue kainegisar ney yaa tou angreji club mein yaa british mission mein sharan lii, jahan chromy rahata thaa aur jahan sevinkav aur philonenko asthaayi roop seey chhipe hue they. chaahe vaha angreji club mein bhaag gayaa hoe yaa british vanijya dutawas mein, kainegisar koo parisar chhodane key liye majboor honah padaa. ack lamba overcoat pahanane key baad, vaha shahar kii sadakon parr bhaag gayaa, jahan usey hinsak golibari key baad laal guards ney pakad liya.
usee dinn, ack poorv arajaktawadi, joe abb samajwadi krantikari party kii sadasya thee, fanya kaplan ney masco mein michelson hathiyar karkhane seey nikalate samay lenin koo goli maar dee aur ghayal curr diyaa. jaise hii lenin imarat seey baahar nikla aur apani motor kaar mein pravesh karane seey pahale, kaplan ney usey bulaaya. jaba lenin usaki or mudee tou usane ack bhoore rung kii pistaul seey teen goliyaan chalaain. ack goli lenin key dill seey gujri aur usake fefde mein ghus gaee, jabaki doosari goli usaki gardan mein galey kii nus key paas reh gaee. inn ghaavon kii gambhirta key kaaran, lenin key jeevit rahane kii ummeed naheen thee. iss hamale koo russie press mein vyaapak roop seey cover kiya gayaa thaa, jisase lenin key liye bahut sahaanubhooti paida hui aur unaki lokpriyata mein vriddhi hui. haalaanki, iss hatyaa key prayaas key parinamswarup, lenin aur trotsky key beach baithak-jahan rishwat lene vaalaa sanic sahyogiyon kii or seey unhein jabt curr legaa-koo sthagit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. iss samay, saathi shadyantrakari alekjendar gramamatikov ney railey koo soochit kiya kii "[samajwadi krantikari dall] key moorkhon ney bahut jaldi hamla curr diyaa haye.
checkist pratishodh.
halanki yeh agyaat haye kii kyaa kaplan yaa tou rajdooton kii sajish kaa hissa thaa yaa yahaan taka kii lenin parr hatyaa key prayaas key liye bhee jimmedaar thaa, uritsky kii hatyaa aur lenin kii asafal hatyaa kaa upayog diserzinsky key cheka dwara kissy bhee durbhavanapurna aur videshiyon koo ack bhavya sajish mein fansaane key liye kiya gayaa thaa joe ack poorna paimaane parr pratishodh abhiyaanah "laal aatank" kaa samarthan kartaa haye. hajaaron raajneetik virodhiyon koo jabt curr liya gayaa aur "shahar key uttar mein khodinsko maidan, petrovsky park aur butirki jail key saath-saath lubyanka mein cheka mukhyalaya mein badey paimaane parr fansi dee gaee. cheki pratishodh kii seema ney sambhavatah chromy, boyce, lockhart, railey, sevinkov, philonenko aur anya shadyantrakariyon kii adhikansh yojanaaen whiffle curr deen.
gupt agents dwara aapoorti kii gaee soochiyon kaa upayog karate hue, cheka videshi dutaavaason mein "shadyantrakariyon key ghonsale" koo saaf karane key liye aage badhe aur aisaa karate hue, unhone aasann takhtapalat key liye mahatvapurna pramukh vyaktiyon koo giraftar kiya. 31 agast 1918 koo, yeh maanate hue kii savinkov aur philonenko british vanijya dutawas mein chhipe hue they, ack cheka tukadi ney petrograd mein british vanijya dutawas parr chhaapa maaraa aur chromy koo maar daala jisane ack sashastr pratirodh kiya. apani mrityu seey turant pahale, yeh sambhav haye kii chromy anya shadyantrakariyon key saath samvaad karane aur unake niyojit takhtapalat mein teji laane key liye nirdesh dene kii koshish curr rhaa hoe. cheka tukadi dwara vanijya dutawas parr dhawa bolane seey pahale, chromy ney takhtapalat seey sambandhit pramukh patrachar koo jalaa diyaa.
press reports key anusaar, unhone vanijya dutawas kii pahali manjil parr kewal ack revolver seey lais ack bahadur antim stand banaaya. nikat yuddh mein, unhone teen checkist sainikon koo bheja, isase pahale kii way maare gaye aur unaki laash koo vikrit curr diyaa gayaa. pratyakshadarshiyon, jaise kii redd cross nurse mairi britiniva kii saali ney daavaa kiya kii vanijya dutawas kii bhavya seedhi seey peechhe hatate samay cheka ney chromy koo goli maar dee thee. cheka tukadi ney imarat kii talashi lii aur apani rifle key saath rajanyik karmchaariyon koo kaptan chromy key shav key karib jaane seey roque diyaa, jise checkist sainikon ney loot liya thaa aur raund diyaa thaa. isake baad cheka tukadi ney chaalees seey adhik vyaktiyon koo giraftar kiya jinhone british vanijya dutawas key bheetar sharan lii thee, saath hii hathiyaron key bhandar aur samjhauta karane vaale dastavejon koo jabt kiya, jinake baare mein unhone daavaa kiya kii agami takhtapalat key prayaas mein rajanyik karmchaariyon koo fansaaya gayaa thaa. chromy kii mrityu koo saarvajanik roop seey "bolshevik agents dwara aatmaraksha key upaay key roop mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen apani aag vaapas karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa.
iss beach, lockhart koo diserzinsky key cheka dwara giraftar kiya gayaa aur usey suraksha key tahat lubyanka jail leey jaaya gayaa. ack pistaul chalaane vaale cheka adhikaari key saath ack tanaavpurna sakshatkar key dauran, unase poochha gayaa thaa, "kyaa aap kaplan mahila koo jaanate hain?"aur" railey kahaan haye?"jaba takhtapalat key baare mein poochha gayaa, tou lockhart aur anya british nagrikon ney iss vichaar koo kewal murkhtapurna karaar dete hue khariz curr diyaa. baad mein, lockhart koo fanyaa kaplan key samaan hii kothri mein rakhaa gayaa, jise unake chaukas checkist jailoron koo ummeed thee kii lockhart yaa anya british agents koo pahchaanane key kuchh sanketon koo dhokha dey sakata haye. halanki, ack saath seemit rahate hue, kaplan ney lockhart yaa kissy aur key prati maanyata kaa koee sanket naheen dikhaaya. jaba yeh spasht hoe gayaa kii kaplan kissy bhee saathi koo fansaane vaalaa naheen haye, tou usey 3 sitambar 1918 koo craimlin key alekjendar garden mein sir key peechhe ack goli key saath maar diyaa gayaa thaa. usaki laash koo ack jung luggy lohe kii nully mein daal diyaa gayaa aur aag lagaa dee gaee. lockhart koo baad mein riha curr diyaa gayaa aur landan mein ack anaupchaarik soviyat attashe, maxim litwinov key badale mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa, jise british sarkaar dwara rajanyik pratishodh key roop mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. lockhart key saubhagya key bilkul vipareet, "karawas, aparaadh sweekaar karane key liye yaatana, [aur] mrityu una kaee logon key twarit puraskar they jinhen lenin kii sarkaar key khilaf sambhaavit takhtapalat mein fansaaya gayaa thaa. yelizaveta otten, reelee key mukhya courier "jinake saath vaha prem mein thaa", koo usaki doosari malkin olga starzeskaya key saath-saath giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. poochtaachh key baad, starzeskaya koo paanch saal key liye jail mein daal diyaa gayaa. ack aur courier, maria fried, koo bhee isi tarah otton key flat mein ack khufiya vigyapti key saath giraftar kiya gayaa thaa jise vaha railey key liye leey jaa rahee thee.
roose seey palayan karein.
3 sitambar 1918 koo "pravada" aur "isestia" samachar patron ney apane pahale prishthon parr nirast takhtapalat koo sansanikhej banaa diyaa. aakroshit surkhiyon ney masco mein sahayogi pratinidhiyon aur anya videshiyon koo "anglo-french daku" key roop mein ninda kii. kagajon ney takhtapalat kaa shreya garv seey diyaa aur jaba usaki pehchaan ack pramukh sandigdh key roop mein kii gaee, tou ack jaal parh gayaa. railey kaa dinn aur raaton mein shikaar kiya jaataa thaa kyonki uska pahale kabhi shikaar naheen kiya gayaa thaa", aur poore kshetra mein "poorna vivaran aur puraskar key saath usaki tasveer koo placard kiya gayaa thaa. cheka ney usaki sharan grahan kii, lekin mayawi railey ney kabja karane seey bachaa liya aur chhipate hue kaptan pahaadi seey mulakat kii. hill ney baad mein likhaa kii mosco aur petrograd donon mein apane peechha karane vaalon seey butch nikalane key bavjood, railey "bilkul shaant, shaant aur ekatrit thaa, cumm seey cumm nirash naheen thaa aur kewal toote hue dhaage koo ikattha karane aur nae sire seey shuru karane mein chintit thaa.
pahaadi ney prastaav diyaa kii surakshit gharon aur sahaayata key liye apane british agents key network kaa upayog karke roose seey ukraine key raaste baaku taka bhaagne key liye. haalaanki, isake bajaay, railey ney jald seey jald landan mein apani report praapt karane key liye petrograd aur baltic praanton seey finland taka uttar mein ack chhota, adhik khatarnak maarg chunaa. pahaadi dwara aapoorti kiye gaye baltic german passport koo leey jaate hue, ack legtion sachiv key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa aur german dutawas key liye aarakshit ack railway kaar mein kshetra seey prasthaan kiya. chronstad mein, railey jahaaj seey helsinki key liye ravaana huaa aur sthaaniya baltic taskaron kii sahaayata seey stockholm pahuncha. vaha 8 navambar koo landan mein surakshit pahunche.
ingland mein surakshit roop seey rahate hue, 25 navambar 1918 koo shuru hui ack kaaryavaahi mein sarvocch krantikari nyayadhikaran key samaksh railey, lockhart aur anya agents parr "anupasthiti mein" mukadama chalaaya gayaa thaa. lagbhag bees prativaadiyon koo mukadame mein aaropon kaa saamana karna padaa, jinamen seey adhikansh ney masco mein amerikiyon yaa british key liye kaam kiya thaa. iss mamle parr nikolai crylanco dwara mukadama chalaaya gayaa thaa, joe iss siddhant key ack pratipaadak they kii aaparaadhik aparaadh key bajaay raajneetik vichaaron koo mamle key parinam kaa faisala karna chaahiye.
crylanco kaa mamla 3 disambar 1918 koo samaapt huaa, jisamen dou prativaadiyon koo goli maarne kii sajaa sunai gaee aur kaee anya koo paanch saal taka kii sajaa key liye jail yaa jabaran shram kii sajaa sunai gaee. iss prakaar, railey seey milane seey ack dinn pahale surr mansfield smith-cumm ("see") landan mein debriefing key liye, russie "isevestia" akhbar ney bataaya kii railey aur lockhart donon koo ack krantikari nyayadhikaran dwara bolshevik sarkaar key takhtapalat key prayaas mein unaki bhoomika key liye "anupasthiti mein" maut kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. sajaa koo turant lagu kiya jaanaa thaa, unamen seey kissy koo bhee soviyat bhoomi parr pakada jaanaa chaahiye. yeh sajaa baad mein railey parr dee jaayegi jaba vaha 1925 mein diserzinsky key ogpu dwara pakada gayaa thaa.
1919 seey 1924 taka kii gatividhiyaan.
russie grihyuddh.
apani vaapsee kii jaankaari dene key ack saptah key bheetar, british gupt khufiya seva aur videsh karyalaya ney phir seey british vyaapaar pratinidhiyon kii aadh mein dakshin roose mein railey aur pahaadi koo bheja. unakaa kaary 1919 key peris shaanti sammelan key liye aavashyak kaalaa samudra tata key baare mein jaankaari koo ujagar karna thaa. usa samay yeh kshetra vibhinn prakaar key bolshevik virodhi logon kaa ghar thaa. way videshi vyaapaar vibhaag dwara pradaan kiye gaye uchit pramaan patra key saath british vyapariyon kii aadh mein yatra karate they. agale chhah hafton mein yaa tou reelee ney baarah preshan taiyar kiye joe dakshin roose mein sthiti key vibhinn pahaluon parr report kiye gaye aur vyaktigat roop seey landan mein videsh karyalaya koo pahaadi dwara vitarit kiye gaye.
railey ney iss samay dakshin roose key mamalon mein chaar pramukh karakon kii pehchaan keeh swayamsevak senaa; kuban, donn aur crima mein kshetriya yaa praantiya sarkaaren; ukraine mein petalyura andolan; aur aarthik sthiti. unaki raay mein, iss kshetra mein bhavishya kii ghatnaaon kaa maarg naa kewal ack-dusare key saath inn karakon kii baatchit parr nirbhar karega, balki "sabse badhkar unake prati sahayogi drishtikon parr" nirbhar karega. railey ney dakshin roose koo ack upayukt "place dee 'arms" mein sangathit karane key liye sahayogi sahaayata kii vakaalat kii taaki petlurism aur bolshevism key khilaf nirnaayak pragati hoe sakey. unaki raay mein, "isake liye aavashyak sainya sahayogi sahaayata tulanaatmak roop seey cumm hogi jaisa kii odessa mein haal kii ghatnaaon seey saabit huaa haye. bandargaahon mein utarane vaale dall aur tukadiyon dwara sanchaar key madhyam seey swayamsevi senaa kii sahaayata karna shayed paryaapt hoga."
odessa mein ghatnaaon key baare mein railey kaa sandarbh 18 disambar 1918 koo francisi 156vein division key sainikon key safal landing seey sambandhit thaa, jisaki kamaan general borius ney sambhali thee, joe swayamsevakon key ack chhote dall kii sahaayata seey petalyuriston seey shahar kaa niyantran chheenane mein kamyab rahey.
swayamsevi senaa koo sambaddh sainya sahaayata kii aavashyakta key roop mein tatkaal, unhone dakshin roose key liye aarthik sahaayata koo "aur bhee adhik dabaav" maanaa. iss kshetra mein nirmit saman itane cumm they kii unhone maanaa kii sahyogiyon key kissy bhee madhyam yogdan kaa sabse adhik laabhkaari prabhaav hoga. anyatha, kaalaa sagar mein vyaparik gatividhiyon mein lagey vyaapaari nauvahan koo niyantrit karane key liye ack british yaa anglo-french aayog key liye ack nishchit samanya pool key sujhaav koo pratidhwanit karane key alawa, railey ney dakshin roose mein "samanya aarthik arajakta" kii sthiti key liye koee samadhan naheen diyaa. railey ney shwet adhikaariyon koo paaya, jinhen russie arthavyavastha koo behtar banaane mein madad karane kaa kaam diyaa gayaa thaa, "roose key vitt koo peechhe chhodane vaali vishal aapada" key saath aaney mein "asahaay"... aur kuchh bhee taiyar karane mein asamarth, ack vittiya neeti kii ruprekha taka pahunchane mein bhee asamarth. lekin unhone sahyogiyon key liye unake anurodh kaa samarthan kiya kii way vishesh parishad key liye "sabhi moolyavarg key 500 million rubals nicolaus dhana" koo tatkaal chhaapen, iss auchitya key saath kii "halanki koee iss upaay kii maulik nirarthakta koo mahsoos kartaa haye, lekin kissy koo unase sahmat honah chaahiye kii iss kshan key liye yeh ekmatra upaay haye. prachaar key kshetra mein goron kii spasht nishkriyata koo samajhaane key liye railey dwara dee gaee ack vajah dhana kii kamee thee. kahaa jaataa thaa kii prachaar samagri taiyar karane key liye aavashyak kagaj aur mudran press kii kamee thee. railey ney daavaa kiya kii vishesh parishad prachaar key laabhon kii poori tarah seey sarahana karane key liye aaee thee.
antim vivaah.
disambar 1922 mein yuddh key baad berlin kii yatra key dauran, railey kii mulakat hotal adlon mein pepita bobadila naamak ack aakarshak yuva abhinetri seey hui. bobadila ack aakarshak goraa thaa jisane dakshin america seey honey kaa jhoothaa daavaa kiya thaa. unakaa asli naam nelly berton thaa, aur vaha charles haddon chambers kii vidhwa theen, joe ack prasiddh british natakkar they. pichhale kaee varshon seey bobadila ney kaksh kii patni key roop mein aur ack nartaki key roop mein apane munch currier key liye donon key liye kukhyaati praapt kii thee. 18 maee 1923 koo, ack bavandar romans key baad, bobadila ney central landan key covent garden mein, henrita street parr ack sivil registry karyalaya mein railey seey shaadi kii, jisamen kaptan hill ack gawah key roop mein kaam curr rhaa thaa. kyonki usa samay railey pahale seey hii vivaahit thee, unakaa millen badaa thaa. bobadila ney baad mein railey koo ack udas vyakti key roop mein varnit kiya aur yeh ajib lagaa kii unhone kabhi bhee unake ghar parr mehmaanon kaa manoranjan naheen kiya. dou yaa teen parichiton koo chhodkar, shayed hii koee uska dost honey kaa daavaa curr sakata thaa. phir bhee, unaki shaadi kathit taur parr khush thee kyonki bobadila koo vishvaas thaa kii railey "romantic", "ack achchha saathi", "anant saahas kaa aadami" aur "aadarsh pati" thaa. roose mein railey key gayab honey aur soviyat ogpu dwara usey fansi diye jaane seey pahale unakaa sangh kewal 30 maheene taka chalega.
zinovieve ghotala.
ack saal baad railey zinovieve patra ghotale mein shamil hoe gayaa-sambhavatah surr stuart graham menzis key saath. 8 octuber 1924 koo british aam chunaav seey chaar dinn pahale, ack tory akhbar ney ack patra chhaap diyaa thaa, joe teesare communist antarrashtriya key pramukh grigori zinovieve seey utpann honey kaa sanket detaa thaa. patra mein daavaa kiya gayaa kii soviyat roose key saath laber party dwara rajanyik aur vyaapaar sambandhon koo phir seey shuru karane kii yojana seey apratyaksh roop seey british sarkaar kaa takhta palat hoga. ghanton baad, british videsh karyalaya ney soviyat sarkaar key virodh key saath patra kaa jawab diyaa. soviyat roose aur british communists ney patra kii british khufiya agents dwara jalsaji key roop mein ninda kii, jabaki roodhivaadi raajnetaon aur samachar patron ney kahaa kii yeh vaastavik thaa. haal kii chhatravritti kaa tark haye kii patra vaastav mein ack jalsaji thee.
patra key mudran aur videsh karyalaya key virodh key baad hue hangame key beach, ramse mcdonald kii shram sarkaar aam chunaav haar gaee. saimuel tii key anusaar. williamson ney 1926 mein "dha newyork times" mein likhaa thaa kii shayed railey ney jaali zinovieve patra koo united kingdam mein leey jaane key liye ack courier key roop mein kaam kiya hoga. inn ghatnaaon koo pratibimbit karate hue, patrakaar winfried ludeke ney 1929 mein kahaa kii "prasiddh zinovieve patra mein railey kii bhoomika ney vishva-vyaapi raajneetik mahatva grahan kiya, kyonki british press mein isake prakaashan ney [ramse] mcdonald mantralaya key patan key baare mein laaya, prastaavit anglo-russie vaanijyik sandhi key ahsas koo nirash kiya, aur antim parinam key roop mein, locarno kii sandhiyon parr hastakshar kiye, jisake aadhar parr europe key anya raajyon ney soviyat roose key khilaf britten key netritva mein ack sanyukt morcha prastut kiya.
british buddhimatta key saath carrier.
apane poore jeevan mein, railey ney british khufiya samudaay key saath ack karibi lekin toofani sambandh banaae rakhaa. 1896 mein, unhein adheekshak villium melville dwara scotland yard kii vishesh shakha key aavrajan khufiya network key liye bharti kiya gayaa thaa. melville key saath apane ghanishth sambandhon key madhyam seey, railey koo gupt seva beuro key liye ack gupt agent key roop mein niyukt kiya jaayega, jise videsh karyalaya ney octuber 1909 mein banaaya thaa. 1918 mein, railey ney surr mansfield smith-comming key tahat british gupt khufiya seva key liye ack praarambhik padnam, aim. aaee. 1 (see) key liye kaam karna shuru kiya. unhein kathit taur parr baad vaale sangathan dwara prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa aur march 1918 mein vladmir ilich lenin kii hatyaa karane yaa bolshevikon koo ukhaad fenkane key prayaas key liye masco bheja gayaa thaa. bolshevik sarkaar key khilaf tathaakathit lockhart sajish koo ujagar karane key baad usey bhagna padaa. baad kii jeevani mein unake jasusi karyon key baare mein kaee kahaaniyan hain. yeh daavaa kiya gayaa haye kih
british khufiya vibhaag ney saarvajanik roop seey kuchh bhee naheen kahane kii apani neeti kaa paalan kiya. phir bhee railey kii jasusi safaltaon ney apratyaksh roop seey maanyata praapt kii. surr mansfield "see" smith-cumming kii aupchaarik sifarish key baad, railey, jinhen 1917 mein ack sainya commission milaa thaa, koo 22 janwari 1919 koo sainya cross seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, "kshetra mein sainya abhiyaanon key sambandh mein pradaan kii gaee vishisht sevaaon key liye. iss aspasht shabd vaale uddharan ney baad key jeevanikaron jaise kii richard decan koo galat nishkarsh parr pahunchaane key liye gumrah kiya kii reelee kaa padak 1914-1918 key mahaan yuddh key dauran shaahi german senaa key khilaf veertapurna sainya karnamon key liye diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki baad key adhikansh jeevanikaar iss baat seey sahmat hain kii padak dakshini roose mein reelee key bolshevik virodhi abhiyaanon key kaaran diyaa gayaa thaa.
railey key sabse sandigdh jeevanikaar, andru cook, kaa kahana haye kii railey key sis-vishisht currier koo bahut sushobhit kiya gayaa haye kyonki unhein 15 march 1918 taka ack agent key roop mein sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa thaa. phir 1921 mein unhein ack dusht operative honey kii unaki pravritti key kaaran chhutti dey dee gaee thee. phir bhee, cook sweekaar kartaa haye kii railey pahale scotland yard kii vishesh shakha aur gupt seva beuro key liye ack prasiddh sanchaalak thaa joe british khufiya samudaay key shuruati agradoot they. itihaaskaar christopher andru, joe cambridge vishvavidyalaya mein ack professor hain, ney khufiya sevaaon key itihas parr dhyaan kendrit karate hue, railey key gupt seva currier koo samagr roop seey "ullekhaniya, halanki kaafee hudd taka aprabhaavi" bataaya.
nishpaadan.
railey kii patni pepita bobadila key anusaar, railey hamesha yeh dekhane key liye roose lautane key liye dridh thaa kii kyaa vaha apane kuchh doston koo dhoondh naheen sakata aur unhein madad naheen curr sakata thaa jinhen vaha abhee bhee jeevit maanata thaa. unhone 1925 mein aisaa kiya-aur kabhi vaapas naheen aae."sitambar 1925 mein peris mein, railey ney alekjendar grammatikov, safed russie general alekjendar kutepov, prati-jasusi visheshagya vladmir bertsave aur british khufiya seey commander ernest boyse seey mulakat kii. iss sabhaa mein charcha kii gaee kii way masco mein "trust" key roop mein jaane jaane vaale ack kathit rajtantra samarthak, bolshevik virodhi sangathan key saath kaise sampark curr sakate hain. sabhaa ney sahamati vyakt kii kii vishvaas upkaran kaa upayog karke roose mein ack aur vidroh kii vyavaharyata kaa pataa lagaane key liye railey koo finland kii yatra karni chaahiye. haalaanki, vaastav mein trust ack vistrit prati-jasusi chhal thaa jise ogpu, cheka key khufiya uttaradhikari dwara banaaya gayaa thaa.
iss prakaar, ogpu key gupt agents ney kathit saamyvaad virodhi krantikariyon seey milane key liye, reelee koo bolshevik roose mein lubhaaya. soviyat-finish seema parr reelee koo masco key varishth nyaas pratinidhiyon key roop mein pesh karate hue gupt ogpu agents key liye pesh kiya gayaa thaa. inn gupt soviyat agents mein seey ack, alekjendar alekjendrovic yakushev ney baad mein baithak koo yaad kiyaah
railey koo toivo vaah dwara seema paar laaya gayaa thaa, joe ack poorv finish redd gaard fighter thaa, joe abb ogpu kii seva kartaa thaa. vaae ney railey koo cestra nadee key oopar soviyat paksh mein leey jaaya aur usey ogpu adhikaariyon koo saunp diyaa. (1973 kii pustak "dha gulag dweepsamuh" mein, russie upanyaskar aur itihaaskaar alekjendar solzhenitsyn kaa kahana haye kii ack finish redd gaard, richard ohola, "british agent sidney railey key kabze mein ack pratibhaagi thaa. baad key kaam key saath jodee gaee jeevani shabdawali mein, soljhenitsin ney galat anuman lagaaya haye kii railey koo "soviyat-finish seema paar karate samay maar diyaa gayaa thaa.")
railey ney finish seema paar karane key baad, soviyaton ney usey pakad liya, leey jaaya aur lubyanka jail mein usase poochtaachh kii. aagaman parr railey koo roman piller key karyalaya mein leey jaaya gayaa, ack soviyat adhikaari jisane pichhale varsh railey key ack karibi dost, boris sevinkov koo giraftar kiya thaa aur usey fansi dene kaa adesh diyaa thaa; railey koo 1918 key soviyat nyayadhikaran dwara bolshevik sarkaar key khilaf ack prati-krantikari sajish mein bhaag lene key liye apani maut kii sajaa kii yaad dilaaee gaee thee. jaba railey seey poochtaachh kii jaa rahee thee, taba soviyat sangh ney saarvajanik roop seey daavaa kiya kii usey finish seema paar karane kii koshish mein goli maar dee gaee thee. ogpu hirasat mein rahate hue kyaa railey koo prataadit kiya gayaa thaa, yeh itihaskaron dwara bahas kaa vishay haye; cook kaa tark haye kii kaidiyon key sankalp koo hilaane key liye banaae gaye nakali nishpaadan key madhyam seey railey koo manovaigyaanik roop seey prataadit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
ogpu poochtaachh key dauran railey ney apani vyaktigat prishthabhoomi key baare mein prachaar kiya aur ireland key clonemail mein paida hue ack british vishay honey key apane charitra koo banaae rakhaa. haalaanki unhone sanyukt raajya key prati apani nishtha naheen chhodi, lekin unhone kissy bhee khufiya mamle kaa khulasa bhee naheen kiya. iss tarah kii dainik poochtaachh kaa saamana karate hue, railey ney sigaret key kaagjaaton parr apane chhote-chhote hastalikhit noton kii ack diarry rakhee, jise usane ack kothri kii deewaar key plasterwork mein chhipa diyaa. jaba unake soviyat apaharankarta railey seey poochtaachh curr rahey they, tou vaha unaki takneekon kaa vishleshan aur dastavejikaran curr rahey they. diarry ogpu kaa ack vistrit record thaa, aur railey koo spasht roop seey vishvaas thaa kii iss tarah key advitiya dastavej, yadi vaha butch nikale, tou british sison key liye dilchasp honge. railey kii mrityu key baad, soviyat guards ney railey key kaksh mein diarry kii khoj kii, aur ogpu technicians dwara photographic samvardhan kiye gaye.
guruwar, 5 navambar 1925 koo mosco key paas ack jangal mein railey koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa. pratyakshadarshi boris goods ney daavaa kiya kii fansi kii nigrani ack ogpu adhikaari, grigori fedulive dwara kii gaee thee, jabaki ack anya ogpu adhikaari, grigori sirozkin ney antim goli railey kii chhaati mein chalaai thee. goods ney yeh bhee pushti kii kii railey koo maarne kaa adesh seedhe stallin seey aaya thaa. unake nishpaadan key maheenon key bheetar, british aur americi press key vibhinn outlets ney ack shraddhanjali notice diyaah "28 sitambar koo, roose key elkul gaanv key paas aiss dwara maare gaye. aar. yuu. sainikon. kaptan sidney george railey, aim. see., pepita railey key priya pati."dou maheene baad, 17 janwari 1926 koo," "dha newyork times" "ney iss shraddhanjali notice koo phir seey mudrit kiya aur khufiya samudaay mein anaam sroton kaa hawala dete hue, akhbar ney daavaa kiya kii railey kissy tarah" "zinovieve patra" "key abhee bhee chala rahey ghotale mein shamil thaa, joe 1924 mein aam chunaav key dauran ack saal pahale british" "delly mell" "akhbar dwara prakaashit ack dhokhadhadi dastavej thaa.
railey kii mrityu key baad unake jeevit rahane key baare mein kaee afavaahen theen; railey kii patni pepita bobadila ney saboot honey kaa daavaa kiya kii railey 1932 key anta taka jeevit thee. anya logon ney anuman lagaaya kii beiman rilli vipaksh key paksh mein chalaa gayaa thaa, aur soviyat khufiya kaa salaahkaar bunn gayaa thaa. iss tarah kii pratikool afvaahon key bavjood antarrashtriya press ney jaldi hii railey koo ack gharelu naam mein badal diyaa, ack kushal jasus key roop mein unaki sarahana kii aur kaee alankaranon key saath unake kaee jasusi romanch kaa varnan kiya. samkaaleen samachar patron ney unhein "itihas kaa sabse badaa jasus" aur "laal roose kaa laal rung kaa pimperail" karaar diyaa. maee 1931 mein, "landan shaam maanak" ney ack sachitra dharavahik sheershak "master jasus" prakaashit kiya, jisane unake kaee karnamon koo sansanikhej banaane key saath-saath anya kaa bhee aavishkaar kiya.
kaalpanik chitran.
soviyat cinema.
rajdoot key kathaanak mein pramukh sandigdhon mein seey ack aur safed russie pravasiyon kii prati-krantikari gatividhiyon mein ack pramukh vyakti key roop mein, railey tadnusar soviyat cinema mein ack aavarti khalnayak bunn gayaa. 20veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein, vaha aksar soviyat sangh aur purvi gutt deshon dwara nirmit filmon aur television karyakramon mein ack aitihaasik charitra key roop mein dikhaai diye. unhein vibhinn rashtriyataon key kaee alag-alag abhinetaon dwara chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen shamil hainh "rajdooton kii sajish" ("zagover poslov") (1966) mein wadim medvedev; "operation trust" ("operatsia trest") (1968) mein vsvoload yakut; "crashes" ("krakh") (1969) mein alexander shirvind; "trust" (1976) mein vladmir tatosov, "coasts inn dha mist" ("amglistiaga") (1986) mein sergei yursky, aur "syndicate II" ("sindikat-2") (1981) mein hariz leapins.
"releeh jasuson kaa ikka.
1983 mein, ack themus television laghu shrinkhala, "railey, jasuson kaa sitara", ney railey key aitihaasik romanch koo naatakiya roop diyaa. martin campbelle aur zim goddard dwara nirdeshit, yeh shrinkhala robbin broose lockhart kii pustak, "aiss off spies" parr adharit thee, jise troy kenedi martin dwara anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa. iss karyakram ney 1984 kaa bafta tv puraskar jeetaa. railey koo abhineta saim neel dwara chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen unake pradarshan key liye golden globe puraskar key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa. leo mccurn ney surr tulsi zahroff koo chitrit kiya. 
karyakram kii sameeksha mein, "dha newyork times" key michael billington ney kahaa kii "12 ghante key television mein railey koo neeche laana thheek isaliye mushkil haih ack kathit kattarpanthi, phir bhee jisane 1924 mein britten kii pahali shram sarkaar koo ack jaali patra key madhyam seey neeche laane mein madad kii, maanaa jaataa haye kii bolshevik netaa grigori zinovieve seey, british communists koo sashastr balon mein prakoshth banaane kaa nirdesh dete hue; ack lothario aur dou baar key bigamist, jise abhee taka kissy bhee mahila dwara dhokha naheen diyaa gayaa thaa, joe khud shasson karane key bajaay simhaasan key peechhe kii shakti banana chaahata thaa."
james bonned.
andreau licet dwara "ian fleaming, dha maine behind james bonned" mein, railey koo james bonned key liye ack prerana key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye. railey key dost, poorv rajanyik aur patrakaar surr robert broose lockhart, kaee varshon taka iaan fleaming key karibi parichit they aur unhone railey key kaee jasusi romanchon koo bataaya. lockhart ney 1918 mein roose mein railey key saath kaam kiya thaa, jahan way lenin kii bolshevik sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane key liye ack sis-samarthit sajish mein ulajhe hue they.
1925 mein soviyat roose mein unake laapata honey key paanch varshon key bheetar, press ney ack gharelu naam mein railey koo badal diyaa thaa, ack master jasus key roop mein unaki prashansa kii thee aur unake kaee jasusi romanchon koo yaad kiya thaa. isaliye flaming lambe samay seey railey kii pauranik pratishtha seey avagat they aur lockhart kii yaadon koo suna chuke they. fleaming kii kaalpanik rachana kii tarah, railey bahubhashi thee, sudur poorv seey mohit thee, achchi jindagi jeene kaa shaukeen thee, aur ack badhyakari juari thee. jaba unase poochha gayaa kii kyaa railey key rangeen jeevan ney seedhe taur parr bandhan koo prerit kiya thaa, tou iaan flimming ney jawab diyaah "james bonned sirf ack murkhtapurna cheej haye jiska maine sapana dekhaa thaa. vaha ack sideney railey naheen haye, aap jaanate hain."
"gadfly.
1895 mein, railey kaa saamana lekhak athel lillion vonich, nee bool seey huaa. booley victorian saahitya key anta mein ack prasiddh vyakti they aur baad mein unhone polish krantikari wilfried vonich seey shaadi kii. vaha aur railey itali mein ack saath yaun sambandh rakhate they. unake sambandh key dauran, maanaa jaataa haye kii railey ney athel koo apani aatma kaa parichay diyaa aur russie samrajya mein apane krantikari ateet kii vichitra kahani kaa khulasa kiya. unake sambandh key samaapt honey key baad, 1897 mein prakaashit "dha gadfly", 1840 key dashak mein austriyai shasson key tahat itali mein ack sameekshakon dwara prashansit aitihaasik upanyaas, jiska kendriya charitra kathit roop seey railey key praarambhik jeevan parr adharit haye. vaikalpik roop seey, railey ney swayam koo vonich key upanyaas key krantikari naayak key roop mein prastut kiya, halanki itihaaskaar maark mezaavar ney kahaa kii "railey key mamle mein tathya koo kalpana seey alag karna mushkil haye. varshon seey, iss kathit sambandh key astitva parr sandeh karane vaale itihaskaron dwara 2016 mein nae sakshya dwara pushti kiye jaane taka sandeh kiya gayaa thaa. aine fremental key beach sangraheet sanchaar-jinhone athel wannich kii jeevani kaa prayaas kiya-aur hinton paksh parr athel key ack rishtedaar seey pataa chalata haye kii ack sampark huaa thaa. 1983 kii television mini-seereez kaa theem sangeet "gadfly soot" (opp) key "romans" andolan parr adharit haye. 97aeye), upanyaas key 1955 soviyat film roopaantaran key liye damitri shostakovich key sangeet kii levon atovmian kii vyavastha.

