villium proctor junier.

villium proctor junier. (3 maee, 1817-10 farwari, 1874) ack americi pharmacist they. unhone 1837 mein philadelphia college off pharmacy seey snaatak kiya. unhein americi pharmacist association kii sthaapana mein unaki bhoomika aur sanyukt raajya america key pharmacopoeia parr unake kaam key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. way america mein prakaashit pahali pharmacy paathyapustak key lekhak/sampaadak they. unhein aam taur parr americi pharmacy kaa pitaa maanaa jaataa haye.
proctor ney ack aise samay mein kaam kiya jaba pharmacy ack aniyamit, apratibandhit pesha thaa. dawa kii bikri kissy key liye bhee khuli haye. naukaripesha logon ney dawa kii kitt kii aapoorti kii. davaaen samanya dukaanon dwara, chikitsakon dwara yaa lagbhag kissy bhee vyakti dwara bechi jaati theen, jinake liye koee prashikshan kii aavashyakta naheen thee. davaaon key alawa, dawa kii dukaanon mein rasayanon, rangon, arsenic jaise jaharon aur yahaan taka kii rangon aur telon sahit vibhinn prakaar kii samagri bechi jaati thee. adhikansh davaayen vanaspati vigyaan seey aatee theen, lekin aayatakon key paas gunavatta kaa aaklan karane kaa koee tarika naheen thaa.
proctor heinry aim key saath ack prashikshuta key madhyam seey kshetra mein pravesh kiya. 1831 mein philadelphia mein zolicopher. france mein prashikshit paas key pharmacist alias durand ney proctor koo jaanch karane key liye protsaahit kiya. unhone 1837 mein philadelphia college off pharmacy mein snaatak kiya. 1844 mein, unhone apani khud kii ack dukaan kholi. ack soda fawware key bajaay, unaki dukaan mein ack prayogshala aur ack lekhan kshetra shamil thaa jahan unhone vaigyaanik patra, vyaavhaarik lekh aur sampadakiya likhe. unhone asthir telon kii ack shrinkhala kii jaanch kii. unhone nae tarikon aur upkaranon key saath prayog kiya. parinam "american journal off pharmacy" mein prakaashit kiye gaye they. 
davaaon kaa pareekshan ack visheshta bunn gayaa. thoke vikretaon ney maal sweekaar karane seey pahale vishleshan key liye bhugtan kiya. aayatit dawa samagri gunavatta mein vyaapak roop seey bhinn hoe sakati haye. europe mein asweekrit davaaon koo kabhi-kabhi america bheja jaataa thaa. anaitik vikretaon ney bhuse jaise jadon koo jodkar apane maal kaa vistaar kiya. sanyukt raajya america kaa pharmacopoeia dawa kii gunavatta key liye maanak sthaapit karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa. pahala sanskaran 1820 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. proctor ney 1840 key pharmacopoeia key sanshodhan mein bhaag liya. baad mein samiti ney unhein salaahkaar key roop mein niyukt kiya. philadelphia college off pharmacy key sankaay ney sahaayata kii. 1906 key khaadya aur aushadhi adhiniyam mein pharmacopoeia (aur rashtriya sootra) koo aadhikarik manakon key roop mein apanaaya gayaa thaa.
1850 key dashak mein companiyon ney dawa kii taiyari shuru kii joe pahale maadak padarthon key vikretaon dwara haath seey taiyar kii jaati thee. chintaaen utpann huin kii vaanijyik taiyari pharmacopoeia mein una seey vichalit hoe sakati hain joe prabhaavon mein bhinnata kaa kaaran banati hain. sarkaar ney grihyuddh key dauran sharaab parr utpaad shulk lagaaya. sharaab kaa upayog aamtaur parr taiyari mein kiya jaataa thaa. uchch laagat vaali nirmit davaaon kaa laabh uthaaya. aushadhiya sharaab key liye aavashyak licenses key kaaran dawa kii dukaanon mein sharaab kii bikri badh jaati haye. sharaab key liye graahak tambaku utpaad bhee khareedate they. 
proctor koo 1848 mein patrika kaa sampaadak naamit kiya gayaa thaa. patrika kii sthaapana 1825 mein "philadelphia college off pharmacy kii patrika" key roop mein kii gaee thee. naam 1835 mein "dha american journal off pharmacy" mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. isi tarah kii patrikaon kii utpatti philadelphia mein hui, jisamen 1818 seey "american journal off medical science" aur 1824 seey "journal off dha franklin institute" shamil they. proctor ney 1870 taka sampaadak key roop mein kaary kiya. unhone britten aur france mein prakaashit lekhon key saar jode. grihyuddh ney patrika key vitt parr jore diyaa kyonki dakshini logon ney sadasyata lena bund curr diyaa thaa. prishthon kii sankhya koo cumm karke laagat mein katauti aur college seey vittiya sahaayata ney ise jeevit rakhane mein madad kii. 
proctor ney 1851 mein american pharmaceutical association kii sthaapana mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. unhone "american journal off pharmacy" mein sampadakiya key madhyam seey isake liye pairavi kii. 
proctor 1846 mein college mein vyaavhaarik aur saiddhaantik pharmacy key professor baney. unakaa maanana thaa kii prashikshuta pharmacists koo prashikshit karane kaa sabse achchha tarika thaa. octuber seey farwari taka shaam koo prashikshuon key liye vyakhyan aayojit kiye jaate they. unake vyakhyanon mein dawa kii takneekon jaise kii macression, percolation aur aasavan key baad davaaon aur taiyari parr charcha kii gaee. unhone lagbhag 20 varshon taka college mein kaam karna jaari rakhaa, 1866 mein istifa dey diyaa. edward parrish kii mrityu key baad 1872 mein way iss pada parr laut aae. college mein vyakhyan puuraa karane key turant baad 1874 mein proctor kii mrityu hoe gaee.
shuru mein koee paathyapustaken naheen theen. joe kii 1847 mein germany seey ack key aagaman key saath badal gayaah carle friedrich mohar dwara "lehrbuch dair pharmacician technic". ingland mein, theophilus redwood ney mohar kii pustak kaa anuvaad kiya aur ise angreji abhyaas mein anukoolit kiya, jisake parinamswarup "vyaavhaarik pharmacy" hui, joe 1848 mein america mein aaee. proctor ney prakaashak lii aur blanchard off philadelphia key liye ack americi sanskaran kaa sampadan kiya. parinam yeh thaa kii pustak mein lagbhag ack tihai koo phir seey likhaa gayaa. proctor kii "vyaavhaarik pharmacy" 1849 mein prakaashit hui thee. 1855 mein usee prakashakon seey edward parrish dwara "vyaavhaarik pharmacy kaa parichay" maanak bunn gayaa.
pharmacy key schools mein prashikshuta seey prashikshan mein parivartan vivadaspad thaa. proctor ney yeh maanana jaari rakhaa kii prashikshuta key baad school ney sabse achche parinam diye. mishigan vishvavidyalaya ney 1867 mein vipareet drishtikon apanaaya. poorv chhaatr sangh key madhyam seey kaam karate hue, college ney 1870 mein ack vyaavhaarik pharmacy prayogshala kii sthaapana kii. ise achchi tarah seey sweekaar kiya gayaa aur 1872 mein college kaa hissa bunn gayaa.
1868 mein american pharmaceutical association mein pharmacy kaa abhyaas karane vaale logon koo viniyamit karane key liye pharmacy kaanoon parr charcha kii gaee thee. association ney raajya vidhaansabhaaon dwara vichaar key liye ack model kaanoon kaa masauda taiyar kiya. binaa viniyaman key, unhone socha kii pharmacist aparyaapt roop seey prashikshit honge. 
ack pramukh vyakti edward aar haye. squib, joe brooklin, aine. vaaee. mein davaaon kaa nirmaan kartaa thaa. gunavatta key prati apani pratibaddhata key liye unhein dawa udyog mein bahut sammaan diyaa jaataa thaa. way proctor key mitra they aur unhone kaee charchaon mein bhaag liya.
proctor koo 1941 mein american pharmaceutical association key mukhyalaya mein ack aadamkad pratima seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 

