
acdisoa

acdisozoa () protostome jaanvaron kaa ack samooh haye, jisamen arthropoda (keede, cheliserata, crustatian aur myriapod), nematoda aur kaee chhote faila shamil hain. inn pashu varg koo ack ekal vansh mein samoohbaddh karane kaa prastaav pahali baar ernis aur anya logon dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa. (1992) avasanrachanaatmak aur bhroon sambandhi phenotype key 141 roopaatmak varnon key jatijanya vishleshan parr adharit. iss vansh, yaani, ack samanya poorvaj aur isake sabhi vanshajon seey banaa ack samooh, aupchaarik roop seey aguinaldo aur anya dwara naamit kiya gayaa thaa."1997 mein, mukhya roop seey 18s ribosomal aar. aine. aeye. jeane kaa upayog karke nirmit phylogenetic pedon parr adharit.
2008 mein dunn aitt all dwara ack badaa adhyayan."acdisoa key monophili kaa dridhata seey samarthan kiya.
samooh acdisozoa kaee roopaatmak paatron dwara samarthit haye, jisamen prohormone acdisone key niyantran mein epirdermis mein mitosis key binaa chhalli key moulting key saath acdises dwara vikas aur aantarik nishechan shamil haye.
iss samooh koo shuru mein jeevvigyaani key ack mahatvapurna alpasankhyak dwara ladaa gayaa thaa. kuchh ney adhik paaramparik vargeekaran takneekon key aadhar parr samoohon key liye tark diyaa, jabaki anya ney aanvik detta kii vyakhya kaa virodh kiya.
vyutpatti.
acdisozoa" naam vyutpatti key aadhar parr utpann hotaa haye.
visheshataaen.
acdisozone dwara saajha kii jaane vaali sabse ullekhaniya visheshta carbonic samagri seey banaa teen-parat vaalaa chhalli (chaar tardigrada mein) haye, jise samay-samay parr janwar key badhane key saath moult kiya jaataa haye. moulting kii iss prakriya koo acdisis kahaa jaataa haye, aur samooh koo iska naam detaa haye. acdisozone mein gatiman siliya kii kamee hoti haye aur way jyaadaatar amyboid shukranu kaa utpaadan karate hain, aur unake bhroon adhikansh anya protostome kii tarah sarpil daraar seey naheen gujarate hain. poorvajon key anusaar, samooh ney agra-aant key bheetar sclerotised daanton kaa pradarshan kiya, aur munh key dwaar key chaaron or reedh kii huddy kaa pradarshan kiya, halanki yeye visheshtaen kuchh samoohon mein doosari baar khou gaee hain. ack shwasan aur parisancharan pranali kewal oncophorence aur arthropods (aksar chhote arthropods jaise mites mein anupasthit) mein maujood hoti haye; baaki samoohon mein, donon pranaaliyan gayab hoti hain.
phylogeny.
acdisozoa mein nimnalikhit faila shamil hainh arthropoda, onicophora, tardigrada, kinorhincha, priyapulida, loricifera, nematoda aur nematomorpha. kuchh anya samoohon, jaise kii gastrotrich, koo sambhaavit sadasya maanaa gayaa haye, lekin samooh key mukhya paatron kii kamee haye, aur abb unhein kaheen aur rakhaa gayaa haye. arthropoda, onicophora aur tardigrada koo panarthropoda key roop mein ack saath samoohbaddh kiya gayaa haye kyonki way khandit shareer yojanaon dwara pratishthit hain. dunn "aur anya."2008 mein sujhaav diyaa gayaa kii tardigrada koo nematodes key saath samoohbaddh kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase onicophora koo arthropods key liye bahan samooh key roop mein chhod diyaa jaataa haye. acdisozoa key gair-panarthropod sadasyon koo chakravaat key roop mein samoohbaddh kiya gayaa haye, lekin unhein aamtaur parr usa adim sthiti kaa pratinidhitva karane mein paraphylatic maanaa jaataa haye jisase panarthropoda vikasit huaa thaa.
protostome key liye ack aadhunik sarvasammati vaalaa phalogenetic vriksh neeche dikhaaya gayaa haye. yeh taba ingit kiya jaataa haye jaba laakhon saal pahale (maay) mein lagbhag clade nae clade mein vikiranit hotey hain; dashed laainen vishesh roop seey anishchit placement dikhaati hain.
phylogenetic vriksh nielson "aadi parr adharit haye.all."aur howard" aur anya."
puraane vaikalpik samooh.
articulata parikalpana.
agunaldo aur anya dwara prastaavit samooh."lagbhag saarvbhaumik roop seey sweekaar kiya jaataa haye, ack purani parikalpana kii jagah letaa haye kii panarthropoda koo articulata naamak samooh mein analyda key saath vargeekrit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, aur yeh kii acdisoa polyphylatic hain. nielson ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii ack sambhaavit samadhan acdisozoa koo anilida key ack bahan-samooh key roop mein maanana haye, halanki baad mein unhein asambandhit maanaa gayaa.
shuru mein acdisozoa key bheetar golkrimiyon koo shamil karane kaa virodh kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 2003 key baad seey, acdisoa kaa samarthan karane key liye ack vyaapak aam sahamati bunny haye aur 2011 mein james jheel koo nae pashu jatijanan kii khoj key liye darwin-wallace padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa jisamen acdisoa, lophotrocozoa aur deuterostomia shamil they.
kolomata parikalpana.
aguinaldo key acdisozoa prastaav seey pahale, donon pakshon key jaanvaron key vikas key liye prachalit siddhanton mein seey ack unake shareer kii guhaaon key roopvigyaan parr adharit thaa. sangathan key teen prakaar yaa shreni theh acoelomata (koee kolom naheen), chhadm kolomata (aanshik kolom), aur eukoelomata (vaastavik kolom). edaute aur sahakarmi pahale aise logon mein seey they jinhone acdisoa kaa dridhata seey samarthan kiya. aanvik phylogenetics kii shuruat key saath, colomate parikalpana koo chhod diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki kolomata key liye kuchh aanvik, phylogenetic samarthan 2005 key anta taka jaari rhaa.

