
hathauda vee. deggenhart

hathauda vee. deggenhart, 247 yuu.aiss. 251 (1918), sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya kaa ack nirnay thaa jisamen adalat ney baal shram koo viniyamit karane vaale ack sanghiya kaanoon koo khariz curr diyaa thaa. iss nirnay koo "sanyukt raajya america banaam" dwara khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. darby lumber company."(1941).
pragatisheel yug key dauran, sanyukt raajya america mein janata kii bhaavanaaen baal shram kii sthiti key khilaf hoe gaeen, jise teji seey asahaniya maanaa jaataa thaa. isake jawab mein, congress ney keating-wein adhiniyam paarit kiya, jisamen chaudah varsh seey cumm ayu key bachchon dwara yaa solah varsh seey cumm ayu key bachchon dwara banaae gaye kissy bhee maal kii antarrajyiya vanijya mein bikri parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa, joe prati saptah saath ghante seey adhik kaam karate they. apane bahumat kii raay mein, nyaayamurti villium aar. iss dinn ney keating-swan adhiniyam koo yeh maanate hue radd curr diyaa kii vanijya khand congress koo kaam karane kii sthitiyon koo viniyamit karane kii shakti naheen detaa haye. apani asahamati vaali raay mein, nyaayamurti oliver wendell homes junier. tark diyaa kii ack raajya mein nirmit aur dusare raajyon mein bechi jaane vaali vastuen paribhasha key anusaar antarrajyiya vanijya theen, aur iss prakaar congress key paas una vastuon key nirmaan koo viniyamit karane kii shakti honey chaahiye.
prishthabhoomi.
pragatisheel yug key dauran, sanyukt raajya america mein janata kii bhaavanaaen baal shram kii sthiti key khilaf hoe gaeen, jise teji seey asahaniya maanaa jaataa thaa. rashtriya baal shram samiti, khoji patrakaron aur shram samoohon jaise samoohon kii gatividhiyon ney aswasthyakar aur asurakshit kaam karane kii sthitiyon kii or dhyaan aakarshit kiya. smithsonian sansthaan dwara prastut aitihaasik samagri photographer luis haaine key kaam parr ack electronic pradarshani mein inn chintaon key peechhe kii prerana kaa ehsas pradaan karati haih
baar-baar, haaine ney bachchon koo saath aur sattar ghante key saptah, dinn aur raat mein, aksar khatarnak paristhitiyon mein kaam karate dekhaa. unhone bachchon koo garibi key chakr mein fansate dekhaa, maataa-pitaa koo aksar itna cumm vetan milata thaa kii way akele apani kamai parr parivaar kaa bharan-poshan naheen curr sakate they, aur parivaar key astitva key liye poorak key roop mein apane bachchon kii kamai parr bharosa karna padata thaa. unhone bachchon koo mansik roop seey (anpadh yaa mushkil seey padhane mein saksham kyonki unaki naukari ney unhein school seey baahar rakhaa) aur shaaririk roop seey (taaji havaa, vyayam aur aaraam karane aur khelane key liye samay kii kamee seey) badey hotey dekhaa. unhone anginat bachchon koo dekhaa joe naukari parr ghayal hoe gaye they aur sthaayi roop seey viklang hoe gaye they; way jaanate they kii, udaaharan key liye, kapas milon mein, bachchon kii durghatana darr vayaskon kii tulanaa mein teen gunaa adhik thee.
badhati saarvajanik chinta key jawab mein, kaee raajyon ney baal shram parr sthaaniya pratibandh lagaane kii maang kii. haalaanki, kaee raajyon mein, viniyaman kaa prayaas aprabhaavi rhaa. isake alawa, nirmaataon ney tark diyaa kii jahaan pratibandh kewal chuninda raajyon mein lagaae gaye they, unhone unhein una raajyon key pratiyogiyon key saath pratispardhatmak nuksan mein daal diyaa jinhone abhee bhee koee pratibandh naheen lagaaya thaa. 
alag-alag raajyon key bheetar baal shram key liye ghanton aur kaam karane kii sthitiyon koo viniyamit karane mein asamarth, congress ney antarrajyiya vanijya seey usa shram key utpaad parr pratibandh lagaakar baal shram koo viniyamit karane kii maang kii. 1916 key keating-wein adhiniyam ney chaudah varsh seey cumm ayu key bachchon dwara banaae gaye kissy bhee maal key antarrajyiya vyaapaar yaa una karkhanon mein banaae gaye maal key vyaapaar koo pratibandhit curr diyaa, jahaan 14 seey 16 varsh kii ayu key bachche dinn mein aathh ghante seey adhik kaam karate they, raat bhar kaam karate they yaa saptah mein saath ghante seey adhik kaam karate they. 
apane dou beton key saath uttari carolina key charlotte mein ack kapas mill mein kaam karane vaale roland deggenhart ney yeh tark dete hue mukadama daayar kiya kii yeh kaanoon asamvaidhaanik thaa. ack jilaa adalat ney qaanoon koo asamvaidhaanik karaar diyaa, jisake kaaran sanyukt raajya america key vakeel villium see. sarvocch nyayalaya mein appeal karane key liye hathauda. sawal yeh thaa kii kyaa congress key paas 14 varsh seey cumm ayu key bachchon dwara nirmit vastuon key vanijya koo viniyamit karane kaa adhikaar haye, jaisa kii 1916 key keating-ganne adhiniyam mein nirdisht kiya gayaa haye, aur kyaa yeh raajyon key beach vanijya koo viniyamit karane mein congress key adhikaar key bheetar haye kii vaha oopar diye gaye baal shram vivaran dwara nirmit vastuon key antarrajyiya vanijya mein parivahan koo pratibandhit karey?
bahumat kii raay.
nyaay divas parr, bahumat key liye, kahaa gayaa kii congress key paas bachchon dwara nirmit vastuon key vanijya koo viniyamit karane kii shakti naheen haye aur isaliye 1916 kaa keating-wein adhiniyam asamvaidhaanik thaa. maal key nirmaan aur kuchh vastuon key viniyaman key beach antar karate hue, adalat ney kahaa kii yeh mudda kuchh anaitik utpaadon koo antarrajyiya vanijya kii dhaara seey baahar rakhane kii shakti seey sambandhit naheen haye, pichhale mamalon mein antar karate hue lottery yojanaon, veshyavritti aur sharaab koo niyantrit karane key liye congress kii shakti koo banaae rakhta haye. adalat ney tark diyaa kii una mamalon mein, maal swabhavik roop seey anaitik they aur iss prakaar congress kii jaanch key liye khule they. haalaanki, iss mamle mein, haath mein mudda kapas kaa nirmaan thaa, ack achchha jiska upayog anaitik naheen haye. adalat ney aage kahaa kii kapas kaa nirmaan apane aap mein antarrajyiya vanijya kaa gathan naheen kartaa haye. adalat ney maanaa kii vibhinn shram niyamon ney aarthik pratispardha key mamle mein vibhinn raajyon koo asman aadhar parr rakhaa, lekin isane vishesh roop seey kahaa kii congress aisee asamaanta koo door naheen curr sakati, kyonki yeh raajyon key adhikaar key bheetar thaa kii way apani pulis shaktiyon key dayare mein vibhinn kaanoon banaaenh 
adalat ney tark diyaa kii "vanijya khand kaa uddeshya congress koo aisee sharton koo barabar karane key liye ack samanya adhikaar denaa naheen thaa. adalat ney kahaa kii sanghiya sarkaar "ganana kii gaee shaktiyon mein seey ack" thee aur 10vein sanshodhan dwara kheenchi gaee seema seey aage naheen jaa sakati thee, jise adalat ney "spasht roop seey" shabd dalkar galat uddhrit kiyaah
asahamati kii raay.
justice homes ney bahumat key tark aur nirnay seey dridhata seey asahamati jataai. unhone kahaa kii congress koo antarrajyiya vanijya koo viniyamit karane kaa poori tarah seey adhikaar haye aur ack raajya mein nirmit aur dusare raajyon mein bechi jaane vaali vastuen, paribhasha key anusaar, antarrajyiya vanijya hain. jisane poori vinirmaan prakriya koo congress key dayare mein rakhaa, aur samvaidhaanik shakti koo "iss tathya seey cumm yaa yogya naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa kii yeh kissy bhee raajya kii gharelu neeti key nishpaadan mein hastakshep curr sakata haye.
homes ney congress koo una vastuon koo viniyamit karane kii anumati dene mein bahumat key tark key saath bhee mudda uthaaya jinhen anaitik maanaa jaataa haye, jabaki saath hii una vastuon key viniyaman kii anumati naheen dee jaati haye jinake upayog koo adhik apratyaksh arthon mein anaitik maanaa jaa sakata haih "yeh dhaarana kii pratibandh kissy bhee cumm nishedh haye jaba cheejon parr lagu kiya jaataa haye tou abb buraa lagata haye joe mujhe samajh mein naheen aataa haye... yeh kahana kii yeh kathor peya key khilaf anumat haye lekin barbad jeevan key utpaad key khilaf naheen haye."usa samay, maadak peya kii bikri, nirmaan aur parivahan parr pratibandh lagaane vaale athaarahaven sanshodhan koo congress dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa aur raajyon dwara isaki pushti kii jaa rahee thee.
homes ney baal shram parr sanghiya pratibandhon kii adalat kii asweekriti parr bhee tippani keeh "lekin aggar koee aisaa mamla haye jiss parr sabhya desh sahmat hue hain-tou yeh samay seey pahale aur atyadhik baal shram kii burai haye."
baad key vikas.
1922 mein, ack aur faisala, "bellie banaam. drexel furniture, "ney congress koo baal shram key madhyam seey utpaadit vastuon parr curr lagaane seey pratibandhit curr diyaa, joe antarrajyiya vyaapaar mein pravesh kiya; donon nirnayon key kaaran baal shram sanshodhan kii shuruat hui.
1930 key dashak key anta aur 1940 key dashak kii shuruat mein diye gaye nirnayon kii ack shrinkhala mein adalat key faisale koo baad mein palat diyaa gayaa aur aswikar curr diyaa gayaa. vishesh roop seey, "hathauda vee. 1941 mein "sanyukt raajya america banaam" key mamle mein degenhart koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. darby lumber company.",. darby" mamle mein adalat ney homes kii asahamati kaa dridhata seey paksh liya, jise unhone "classic" kahaa. unhone dasaven sanshodhan key pathan koo bhee ack "satyavaad" key roop mein dohraya, joe kewal raajyon koo ack thhos suraksha pradaan karane key bajaay, joe samvidhaan pahale seey hii pradaan curr chuka thaa, usey dohrata haye, jaisa kii "hathauda" faisale mein tark diyaa gayaa thaa.

