
seedhi doori dial karna

direct distance dialing (dee. dee. dee.) uttar america mein ack dursanchar seva suvidha haye jisake dwara ack collar, operator sahaayata key binaa, sthaaniya colling kshetra key baahar kissy anya upayogkarta koo coll curr sakata haye. grahakon dwara seedhe dial karane key liye aam taur parr gantavya kii nirdeshika telephone sankhya key upsarg key roop mein atirikt ankon koo dial karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. antarrashtriya pratyaksh doori dial (aaee. dee. dee.) pranali koo uttari americi sankhya yojana (aine. aeye. aine. pee.) kii bhaugolik seemaon seey parey vistaarit kartaa haye.
itihas.
inglewood aur teaneck key nyu jersey samudaayon mein pahali seedhi-dial lambi doori kii telephone coll sambhav thee. inglewood 3, inglewood 4 aur teaneck 7 exchange key graahak, joe pahale seey hii newyork shahar kshetra mein telephone number dial curr sakate they, teen ankon key kshetra code aur saat ankon kii nirdeshika sankhya dial karke sanyukt raajya key gyaarah pramukh shaharon mein coll curr sakate they. sthaaniya telephone nambaron mein abhee bhee kendriya karyalaya key naam key pahale dou akshar aur paanch ank shamil they. 10 navambar, 1951 koo, inglewood meyer aim. lazely denning ney pahali graahak-dial lambi doori kii coll kii, joe california key almeda key meyer frank osborne koo kii gaee.
usa samay lambi doori key toll-switch seey lais gantavya aur unake kshetra code theh
anya kshetron koo abhee taka dee. dee. dee. mein shamil naheen kiya jaa sakaa kyonki unake paas aavashyak toll switching upkaran naheen they, yaa kyonki unhone abhee bhee saat ankon kii sthaaniya sankhya yojana kaa upayog naheen kiya thaa. udaaharan key liye, kanada mein montrial, quebeck aur torrento, ontario mein 1951 seey 1957 taka chhah aur saat ankon key telephone nambaron kaa mishran thaa, aur 1958 taka dee. dee. dee. naheen thaa. whitehorse, yucon mein 1965 seey shuru honey vaale saat ankon key number they, lekin aavashyak switching upkaran 1972 taka naheen they.
saine francisco koo asthaayi maarg kii aavashyaktaon key kaaran vishesh kshetra code 318 kii aavashyakta thee. saine francisco aur oakland mein seey pratyek key apane alag toll-switch they, isaliye antim gantavya key aadhar parr coll koo usee key anusaar bheja jaanaa thaa. choonki usa samay upayog kiye jaane vaale telephone upkaran kewal teen ankon key anuvaad koo sambhal sakate they, isaliye donon kshetron key beach antar karane key liye kshetra code 318 kaa asthaayi upayog aavashyak thaa. kshetra code 318 kaa upayog asthaayi roop seey saine francisco aur swarn dwaar key uttar key kshetron koo nirdisht karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki oakland aur purvi khaadi mein gantavyon key saath coll kshetra code 415 kaa upayog karna jaari rakhaa. jaba electromechanical card-anuvaadak boxes 1952-53 key dauran kabhi upalabdh huaa, tou chhah ankon kaa anuvaad sambhav hoe gayaa aur kshetra code 318 kaa upayog abb aavashyak naheen thaa. kshetra code 318 koo bhavishya mein upayog key liye punah praapt kiya gayaa thaa (abb uttari louisiana key liye ack kshetra code key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye), aur poore saine francisco khaadi kshetra code 415 kaa upayog karke laut aaya.
hardware.
naheen. 1940 key dashak kii shuruat mein chaar-taar paripath koo badalane aur aaney vaale prachaalak koo badalane key liye 4 crossbar switching pranali shuru kii gaee thee. panel switch key shuruati dinon key samaan ardh-swachaalit sanchaalan key saath, mool shahar mein operator ney sahee shahar seey judane key liye ack pahunch code dial karane aur aaney vaale upkaran koo saat ankon kii sankhya bhejane key liye ack bahu aavritti keypad kaa upayog kiya. iss design koo dee. dee. dee. parosane key liye aur parishkrit kiya gayaa thaa.
4aeye/cts (sankhya 4aeye crossbar/card anuvaadak pranali) key card sorter ney graahak dwara dial kiye gaye kendriya karyalaya code sankhya key chhah ankon key anuvaad kii anumati dee. yeh upayog karane key liye uchit trunk circuit nirdhaarit kartaa haye, jahaan alag-alag circuit samoohon kaa upayog ack hii kshetra code mein vibhinn shaharon key liye kiya jaataa thaa, jaisa kii oakland aur saine francisco key mamle mein hotaa haye. nae upkaran mein siddhant roop mein computer punch card key samaan dhaatu card kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur way teji seey scan kiye gaye they kyonki way ack prakaash kiran key paas seey gir gaye they. yadi anuvaadak koo mool sthaapana mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa tou cts machines koo 4aeye (unnat) kahaa jaataa thaa, aur yadi ise baad mein jodaa gayaa thaa tou 4aim (sanshodhit). 4xb kaa 1970 kaa sanskaran, 4a/ets, anuvaad karane key liye ack computer kaa upayog kartaa thaa. antarrashtriya dial key liye, yatayat seva sthiti pranali (tii. aiss. pee. aiss.) ney atirikt computer shakti pradaan kii.
dee. dee. dee. kii pahunch akshamta aur upkaran badalane key kharch aur poorna coll key record koo sansaadhit karane kii seemit kshamata key kaaran seemit thee. ack praarambhik baadha yeh thee kii adhikansh switching system swachaalit sankhya pehchaan (annie) pradaan naheen karate they. samanya niyantran switch, jaise kii 1xb switch, koo annie pradaan karane key liye kaafee jaldi retrofit kiya gayaa thaa, aur adhikansh 5xb switch shuru mein annie sevaaon key saath sthaapit kiye gaye they. panel switch koo antatah phir seey fitt kiya gayaa, jaisa kii kuchh charan-darr-charan pranaaliyan theen joe tatkaal pratisthaapan key liye nirdhaarit naheen theen. bhale hii ack switch mein annie hoe, lekin yeh party lines parr coll karane vaalon kii pehchaan naheen curr sakata thaa. yeh kewal dou-pakshiya lines key liye tip-party pehchaan dwara aanshik roop seey door kiya gayaa thaa. jaise-jaise graahak seva vaahak kii laagat mein girawat aaee, party sevaayen dheere-dheere samaapt hoe gaeen.
jaise-jaise yeh aur anya behtar praudyogikiyan upalabdh huin, saath hii saath graahak bilon mein lambi doori key record koo sansaadhit karane key liye swachaalit sandesh lekhankan (aeye. aim. aeye.) computer, 1950 key dashak mein dee. dee. dee. kii pahunch dheemi thee, lekin 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein teji seey badh gaee. electronic switching system dial kiye gaye ankon key electronic prasanskaran kii anumati detaa haye, coll rooting nirdhaarit karane key liye electronic yaadon kaa ullekh kartaa haye, aur yeh digital telephone exchange key saath kalaa kii sthiti mein pahunch gayaa haye, joe mool roop seey vishesh computer hain joe digital detta key roop mein ack "paridhiya" seey dusare mein aavaaj yatayat koo root karate hain. coll rooting abb kshetra code, kendriya karyalaya code aur yahaan taka kii line number key pahale dou ankon key aadhar parr kii jaa sakati haye, halanki kendriya karyalaya code key pichhale ankon key aadhar parr rooting aamtaur parr pratispardhi sthaaniya vinimay vaahak, sankhya pooling aur sankhya portability key mamalon taka seemit hoti haye.
idd.
1960 key dashak mein, gharelu roopaantaran abhee bhee chala rhaa thaa, uttar america (carribean dweepon key ack number sahit) seey parey seedhe doori dial karane kii yojana banaai gaee thee. kuchh graahak pahale seey hii 1957 mein haal hii mein puuraa kiye gaye atlantic cable seey ingland taka kuchh gantavyon parr seedhe atlantic paar telephone coll dial curr sakate they. pratyaksh doori dial karane kaa ack nayaa vyavasthit vistaar vikasit kiya gayaa thaa aur march 1970 mein antarrashtriya pratyaksh doori dial karane (aaee. dee. dee. dee.) key roop mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa.
pahale seey hii itane nae upkaran kaam curr rahey hain kii dee. dee. dee. key aavashyak duss ankon key telephone nambaron seey adhik koo sambhal naheen sakate hain, naee pranali una designs parr adharit thee jinake dwara adhikansh toll karyalayon koo poore antarrashtriya telephone number koo store aur forward naheen karna padata thaa. getway karyalaya newyork, landan aur peris mein sthaapit kiye gaye they, joe sadharan swachaalit toll network seey judey they. newyork getway america key 32 avenue parr thaa. 435 paschim 50 veen sadak kii dasavin manjil parr nae ell. tii. 1 5xb switch koo nae mool register aur outgoing preshakon koo pandrah ankon key telephone nambaron koo sambhaalane mein saksham praapt hue, jisamen marker aur anya upkaranon koo puuraa karane key liye uchit sanshodhan kiye gaye. agale kuchh varshon mein anya 5xb switch mool upkaran key roop mein aaee. dee. dee. key saath sthaapit kiye gaye they, aur 1970 key dashak mein aiss. aiss. karyalayon ney bhee seva pradaan kii.
naee pranali kii kunji dou-charan bahu-aavritti spandan thee. baahar jaane vaale preshak ney apane kaksha 4 key toll center koo hamesha kii tarah ack off-hook signal bheja, hamesha kii tarah ack palak jhapakaane vaalaa signal praapt kiya, aur kewal ack vishesh teen ankon (baad mein chhah ankon) kaa axes code diyaa. toll center ney lambi doori key network key madhyam seey getway offices taka ack trunk uthaaya, jisane mool karyalaya koo doosari palak bheji, jisane phir puuraa dial kiya gayaa number bheja. iss prakaar toll switching pranali koo pravesh dwaar key alawa kissy sanshodhan kii aavashyakta naheen thee. antarrashtriya trunks ney sanket pranali kaa upayog kiya. 5, uttari americi bahu-aavritti sanket pranali kaa ack "uttar atlantic" sanskaran, jisamen thodaa adhik ank darr sahit mamuli sanshodhan shamil hain. usa samay kii europeeya aim. aff. pranaaliyan majboor sanket kaa upayog karati theen, joe ack lambe paar mahasagariya sambandh parr bahut adhik dheema hoe jaati theen.
1970 key dashak mein, toll kendron koo yatayat seva sthiti pranali (tii. aiss. pee. aiss.) jodkar sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. inn nae computers key saath, toll pranali mein ank bhandaran abb koee samasya naheen thee. antim karyalayon koo cumm vyaapak roop seey sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, aur unake sabhi ankon koo ack hii dhaara mein bheja gayaa thaa. tii. aiss. pee. aiss. ney getway code aur getway karyalaya key liye toll connection kii anya jatilataon koo sambhala.
united kingdam mein samkaksh seva.
united kingdam aur rashtramandal key anya hisson mein, seedhe doori dial karane key liye ack samkaksh seva graahak trunk dial (std) haye, aur antarrashtriya graahak trunk dial key liye haye. raani elizabeth dwiteeya ney 5 disambar 1958 koo std kaa udghaatan kiya, jaba unhone bristol seey edinberg taka coll kiya aur lord provost seey baat kii.

