
commission international permanent portatives

("chhote hathiyaron key pramaan key liye sthaayi antarrashtriya aayog"-aamtaur parr see key roop mein sankshipt.aaee.pee.) ack antarrashtriya sangathan haye joe agneyastron key suraksha pareekshan key liye maanak nirdhaarit kartaa haye. (naam mein "portative" ("portable") shabd iss tathya koo sandarbhit kartaa haye kii see.aaee.pee. chhote hathiyaron kaa pareekshan lagbhag vishesh roop seey kiya jaataa haye; ise aam taur parr naam key angreji anuvaad seey hataa diyaa jaataa haye.) 2015 taka, isake sadasya 14 deshon kii rashtriya sarkaaren hain, jinamen seey 11 europeeya sangh key sadasya raajya hain. see.aaee.pee. sadasya raajyon mein nagrik kharidaaron koo beche jaane vaale sabhi agneyastra aur golaa-barud upayogkartaon key liye surakshit hain.
ise praapt karane key liye, aise sabhi agneyastron kaa see parr pahale pramaan pareekshan kiya jaataa haye.aaee.pee. maanyata praapt pramaan ghar. yahee baat kartus key liye bhee lagu hoti haye; niyamit antaral parr, kartus kaa see key khilaf pareekshan kiya jaataa haye.aaee.pee. golaa-barud nirmaan sanyantron mein dabaav vinirdesh aur see.aaee.pee. maanyata praapt pramaan ghar.
gunavatta niyantran aur pramaan prakriya.
agneyastra mein goli chalaane vaale kartus koo saabit karane seey pahale, isake aavashyak yaantrik aayamon kii jaanch kii jaati haye jaise kii kaksh mein sabhi upaay aur sahansheelata satyaapit kii jaati haye. null kaa drishya nireekshan bhee kiya jaataa haye.
yadi agneyastra inn pahale charanon koo paar kartaa haye, tou maanak pramaan hotaa haye. pramaan mein dou adhibhaarit kartus hotey hain joe see kii tulanaa mein 25 pratishat adhik kaksh dabaav paida karate hain.aaee.usee cartridge key liye usake vaanijyik sanskaran mein adhikatam dabaav seema. pistaul, revolver aur rimfire cartridge key liye maanak pramaan atibhaarit cartridge key saath kiya jaataa haye joe see kii tulanaa mein 30 pratishat adhik kaksh dabaav paida karate hain.aaee.usee cartridge key liye usake vaanijyik sanskaran mein adhikatam dabaav seema. swechha seey see seey parey pareekshan.aaee.pee. una upbhoktaon key liye bhee adhikatam dabaav seema sambhav haye joe charam paristhitiyon (germ jalavaayu, shots kii lambi shrinkhala, aadi) mein apane agneyastron kaa upayog karane kaa irada rakhate hain.). pratyek safaltapurvak pareekshan kii gaee agneyastra mein ack pramaan chihn kii muhar lagaai jaati haye. see.aaee.pee. parkhi gaee agneyastra key sahee karyapranali key sambandh mein kissy bhee aage key pahaluon kaa pareekshan naheen kartaa haye. udaaharan key liye, prakshepya wegg, sateekta yaa kaartuson kaa sahee chakran aadi jaise pahalu. proofing prakriya kaa hissa naheen hain.
mukhya roop seey proof house aur nirmaataon kii or unmukh, see.aaee.pee. swatantra roop seey nirmaata key detta kaa aaklan kartaa haye, anumodan kartaa haye aur prachaar kartaa haye jaise kii golaa-barud aur kaksh ayam vinirdesh, adhikatam anumat kaksh dabaav, kshamata namkaran, aadi. yeh sub see.aaee.pee. sthaapit detta taka harr koee pahunch sakata haye.
proofing kaise karein, iska varnan karane vaali takniki prakriyaaen bhee see dwara sthaapit kii jaati hain.aaee.pee. aur vibhinn pareekshan vidhiyon key adyatan "nirnayon" key roop mein jaari kiye jaate hain. inn nirnayon koo shamil sabhi loga aasaani seey praapt curr sakate hain.
see.aaee.pee. pratyek sadasya raajya mein anusamarthan aur unaki aadhikarik patrikaon mein prakaashan key liye rajanyik chainalon key madhyam seey sadasya raajyon koo aupchaarik roop seey sthaapit detta aur nirnay vitarit kartaa haye. aadhikarik prakaashan key baad see.aaee.pee. sthaapit detta aur nirnay sabhi mein nirvivaad kanuni sthiti praapt karate hain.aaee.pee. sadasya raajya.
sarkari sangathan, jaise sainya aur pulis bull aur saarvajanik shakti agencies vaale anya agneyastra, see seey.aaee.pee. sadasya raajyon koo kanuni roop seey see kaa paalan karane seey chhoot dee gaee haye.aaee.pee. nirnay. iska swachaalit roop seey yeh arth naheen haye kii see mein sarkari sangathanon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale sabhi agneyastra aur golaa-barud.aaee.pee. sadasya raajya see naheen hain.aaee.pee. anupaalan, kyonki way sangathan aksar praasangik see koo swa-lagu karane kaa vikalp chunate hain.aaee.pee. unaki seva agneyastron aur golaa-barud key liye maanak.
itihas.
16veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein agneyastra suraksha parikshanon koo anivarya banaa diyaa gayaa thaa, udaaharan key liye styria (austriya) mein 12 sitambar 1501 koo habsberg key maximilian aaee key farman dwara, landan (ingland) mein 1589 aur lease (belgium) mein 17veen shatabdi mein. usa samay, saarvajanik sthaanon parr "proofers" dwara proofing kaa nishpaadan kiya jaataa thaa. pratishthit brandon key sabhi agneyastron koo iss tarah seey pramaanit kiya gayaa thaa. belgium mein pramaan pareekshan anivarya haye kyonki 10 maee, 1672 koo bavaria key adhikatam heinry key farman key baad seey iss avsar parr lease proof house banaaya gayaa thaa. uttarottar, anya deshon mein rashtriya pramaan grih sthaapit kiye gaye aur pramaan chihn pesh kiye gaye.
1914 mein, lease mein lease proof house key nideshak, shree. joseph frackin (1908 seey 1946 taka nideshak), agneyastra pareekshan key liye sthaayi antarrashtriya aayog key nirmaan key pravartak they.
see.aaee.pee. pratyek sadasya raajya key pramaan chihnon kii parasparik maanyata sunishchit karane key liye agneyastron aur golaa-barud key pramaan key liye uttarottar ack samaan niyamon kaa ack sett sthaapit kiya haye.
1969 mein 8 sadasya raajyon key beach ack sammelan parr hastakshar kiye gaye, pratyek hastakshar karane vaale raajya mein isaki pushti kii gaee aur ise kaanoon mein parivartit kiya gayaa, taaki niyamon koo yeh sunishchit karane key liye lagu kiya jaa sakey kii bajar mein pratyek agneyastra aur cartridge ney anivarya proofing aur anumodan koo safaltapurvak paarit curr diyaa haye.
2014 mein, see.aaee.pee. 15 julaai, 1914 koo isaki sthaapana kii shatabdi manai gaee.
yeh 28 julaai, 1914 koo pratham vishva yuddh kii shuruat seey sirf 13 dinn pahale banaaya gayaa thaa.
sadasya raajya.
vartamaan (2015) see.aaee.pee. sadasya raajya hainh
sabse halia sadasya raajyah <br>
sanyukt arab amirat 9 aprail 2008 koo ack sadasya raajya bunn gayaa. karakal international ell jaisi sthaaniya companiyan.ell.see. aur adcom vinirmaan koo sthaaniya proof house seey laabh hoga.
poorv see.aaee.pee. sadasya raajyah
sthaayi antarrashtriya aayog, yeh pushti karate hue kii yugoslavia kaa samajwadi sanghiya ganarajya abb astitva mein naheen haye, xxii poorna satra key dauran ghoshit kiya kii kragujevak, serbia mein proof house key pramaan chihnon koo abb see dwara maanyata naheen dee jaayegi.aaee.pee. 30 sitambar 1992 seey prabhaavi sadasya raajya.
upadesh aur lakshya.
see.aaee.pee. sammelan mein nimnalikhit pramukh upadesh hainh
see key mukhya uddeshya.aaee.pee. yeye iss prakaar hainh
nirmaataon aur aantarik karyapranali key saath sambandh.
see.aaee.pee. ack sangathan haye jisake sadasya raajya adhikaari hain lekin see key sanchaalan hain.aaee.pee. aur isake nirnay poori tarah seey agneyastra udyog mein sakriya peshevar logon koo saunpe jaate hain. isamen sabhi proof house nideshak aur unake sahayogi, golaa-barud nirmaata, machine nirmaata, bandook nirmaata, ballistic visheshagya aadi shamil hain. aayog key bheetar hii dou upa-aayog maujood hain. pahala takniki upa-aayog maapane kii vidhiyon kii paribhasha seey sambandhit haye aur sweekarya moolyon koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye jabaki doosara niyaamak upa-aayog nae samaan niyamon key liye sharton koo paribhaashit aur vyakt kartaa haye. inn upa-aayogon key bheetar kaaryasheel dalon koo bhee harr baar ack vishay parr charcha karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye aur vishay parr visheshagyon koo praasangik baithakon mein bhaag lene key liye aamantrit kiya jaataa haye. way jiss vishay parr kaam karane key liye unhein saunpa gayaa haye, usa parr kaam karane key liye vibhinn sthaanon parr jitani baar aavashyak maani jaati haye, milate hain aur apani upa-niyuktiyon koo report karate hain. usake baad, see.aaee.pee. prastut upa-aayog prastaavon parr poorna satron mein matdan, jisake parinamswarup nirnay aur unhein prakaashit kiya jaataa haye. iska tatparya haye kii see dwara liye gaye sabhi nirnay.aaee.pee.yadyapi prakaashan key baad kaanoon dwara lagu kiya jaataa haye, lekin yeh iss kshetra mein samajhdaar aur jaankaar logon key beach ack satark aam sahamati kaa parinam haye.
agneyastron kaa proofing.
see key bheetar chhote hathiyar nirmaata aur ayatak.aaee.pee. sadasya desh maanyata praapt pramaan grihon mein seey ack seey apane dwara nirmit yaa aayatit sabhi hathiyaron kii pramanan karane kaa anurodh karane key liye baadhya hain. bajar mein kissy bhee see mein koee chhota haath naheen rakhaa jaa sakata haye.aaee.pee. see dwara viniyamit ack maanyata praapt pramaan grih mein poorv safal proofing key binaa sadasya raajya.aaee.pee. nirnay.
pramaan pareekshan key baad aur yadi safal hotaa haye, tou dou yaa teen pramaan chihn hamesha haath key mukhya (atyadhik tanaavgrast) hisson, arthaat bairal, kaksh (jaba bairal kaa hissa naheen hotaa haye) aur locking tantra parr lagu kiye jaate hain.
inn 3 aavashyak bhaagon koo bhee taula jaataa haye aur unakaa vajan crum sankhya key saath ack databases mein darj kiya jaataa haye.
phir inn bhaagon parr proofing key varsh kaa sanket dene vaali ack crum sankhya bhee chihnit kii jaati haye. yadi ack agneyastra kaa swaichhik roop seey safaltapurvak pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa tou samanya roop seey aavashyak pramaan-pareekshan seey adhik dabaav key pramaan key nishan praasangik bhaagon parr lagu kiye jaate hain.
usake baad hii nirmaata yaa ayatak koo ise bechane yaa vitarit karane key liye jaari kiya jaataa haye, yadi pahale seey hii becha gayaa haye.
golaa-barud kii manjuri.
see.aaee.pee. sabhi golaa-barud kii manjuri koo bhee lagu kartaa haye joe ack nirmaata yaa ayatak kissy bhee see mein bechane kaa irada rakhta haye.aaee.pee. sadasya raajya. golaa-barud nirmaan sanyantra see key khilaf utpaadan key dauran apane utpaadon kaa pareekshan karane key liye baadhya hain.aaee.pee. dabaav vinirdesh. pratyek utpaadan sthal key liye ack anupaalan report jaari kii jaani chaahiye aur yadi aavashyak hoe tou baad mein satyapan key liye sangraheet kii jaani chaahiye. cartridge boxes parr bhee see kii muhar lagani chaahiye.aaee.pee. see. gunavatta samasya key mamle mein iso 9000 siddhanton key anusaar gunavatta/suraksha kaa pataa lagaane kii anumati dene key liye anumodit sankhya.aaee.pee. yeh iso 9000 key nirmaan seey pahale kaa haye.
shuruat seey hii, see.aaee.pee.upayogkarta kii chinta kewal hathiyar/golaa-barud suraksha seey sambandhit haye. iss prakaar see.aaee.pee. kewal kaksh key dabaav mein ruchi rakhta haye aur prakshepya dwara praapt wegg mein ruchi naheen rakhta haye. natijatan, nirmaataon dwara swayam kiye gaye anivarya golaa-barud suraksha niyantran pareekshan aur proof house dwara unaki manjuri kewal dabaav seey sambandhit hain. golaa-barud kii ayami jaanch, jaisa kii see mein varnit haye.aaee.pee. nirnay, paath aur taalikaaen nirmaataon parr chhod dee jaati hain. headspace kii jaanch naheen kii jaati haye, yahaan taka kii taper key saath rimless cartridge parr bhee. vichaar yeh haye kii bahut hii asambhav mamle mein (vartamaan gunavatta manakon key anusaar) cartridge bahut lamba haye, ack baar boult dwara dabaaye jaane key baad, dabaav bahut adhik badh jaayega jisase asweekriti hogi. yadi yeh bahut chhota haye, tou golibari bhee whiffle hoe jaayegi jisase asweekriti hogi.
halanki, nirmaata wegg maapate hain. yeye maap utpaad key gunavatta niyantran key liye utpaadan key dauran kiye jaate hain, joe upayogkarta kii utpaad key pradarshan kii apekshaon key sambandh mein hotey hain.
ack apavaad ispat yaa mishra dhaatu (jaise) seey bharey seese mukt golaa-barud key bajar mein pravesh key kaaran utpann hoe rhaa haye.jee., bismuth aur tungsten) adhik paaramparik seesa-adharit chharron key bajaay chharron. paryaavaran niyamon key kaaran, europe mein shikariyon koo seese seey bharey golaa-barud kaa saavdhaanipoorvak upayog karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, france mein, way talab key aspas aag naheen lagaa sakate. vaastav mein, kaanoon itane jatil hain kii europe mein kuchh shikari galat sthaanon parr seese key chharron koo daagne key liye pareshani mein padane kaa jokhim naheen lena pasand karate hain, isaliye way sabhi sthitiyon mein ispat yaa mishra dhaatu key chharron kaa vikalp chunate hain. isase nirmaataon key liye steel key chharron seey bharey nae prakaar key seese mukt shotgun golaa-barud kaa vipanan karna aavashyak hoe jaataa haye. pellet mishra dhaatu kaa wickers kathorta pareekshan vh1 ack nishchit star seey adhik naheen honah chaahiye. ispat aur mishra dhaatu kii gunavatta mein kaee bhinnataaen maujood hain, lekin phir bhee, kathin dhaatuen, vishesh roop seey ispat, samay key saath ack bairal koo atyadhik pahanane key liye jaane jaate hain yadi shott collum wegg aur gati (dravyamaan seey gunaa wegg) bahut adhik haye. yeh upayogkarta key liye sambhaavit hanikarak sthitiyon kii or leey jaataa haye.
uparokt karanon seey, goli key wegg aur gati kaa maap bhee ack see haye.aaee.pee. maanak aur uchch pradarshan sanskaranon mein 12,16 aur 20 key liye shotshell gaze key nirmaan key liye daayitva lagaaya gayaa. maanak sanskaranon key liye goli kaa wegg kramshah 425 meater/sekand, 390 meater/sekand aur 390 meater/sekand seey cumm honah chaahiye.
haath seey laada golaa-barud.
haalaanki vahee anumodan niyam haind loader parr lagu naheen hotey hain, yeh dekhate hue kii unake utpaadon koo kanuni roop seey see mein naheen becha jaa sakata haye.aaee.pee. sadasya raajya, suraksha key hita mein adhikansh proof house una pakshon koo apane golaa-barud kaa pareekshan karane kaa avsar pradaan karate hain taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii sambandhit kaksh dabaav, wegg aur gati sweekarya manakon key bheetar hain. aisaa karane seey hathiyaron key kshatigrast honey kii sambhavana cumm hoe jaati haye, jisase upayogkarta yaa nirdosh darshak ghayal hoe jaate hain. ateet mein iss prakriti key pichhale parikshanon ney aise kuchh dalon dwara apanaae gaye kharaab manakon aur golaa-barud key round key beach ekroopata kii kamee kaa sanket diyaa haye.
see kaa naato upayog.aaee.pee. kaanoon.
naato sainya gathbandhan netto apvet pareekshan naamak agneyastra golaa-barud kii suraksha aur gunavatta koo niyantrit karane key liye naato vishisht maanyata praapt prakriyaon kaa upayog kartaa haye. nagrik sangathan see.aaee.pee. aur saami naato kii tulanaa mein cumm vyaapak pareekshan prakriyaon kaa upayog karate hain, lekin naato pareekshan kendron kaa laabh yeh haye kii kewal kuchh naato kaksh sainya upayog mein hain. see.aaee.pee. aur saami proof house saikadon alag-alag kakshon kaa pareekshan karane mein saksham honey chaahiye, jinake liye kaee alag-alag pareekshan bairal, aadi kii aavashyakta hoti haye. 
gair-naato kaksh" hathiyaron mein upayog key liye anya sabhi chhote hathiyaron key golaa-barud key liye, naato ney vartamaan see dwara paribhaashit prakriyaon key anuroop honey kaa vikalp chunaa haye.aaee.pee. kaanoon.
see.aaee.pee. nirnay, paath aur taalikaaen.
see.aaee.pee. nirnayon koo harr ack yaa dou saal mein sweekrit see key vyaapak sanskaran key roop mein adyatan, sanshodhit aur prakaashit kiya jaataa haye.aaee.pee. nirnay, paath aur cd-rome key roop mein talika jisamen portable dastaavez praarup dastavej hotey hain. nirnayon kaa hissa, paath aur taalikaaen bhee see parr online upalabdh hain.aaee.pee. website.
aadhikarik see.aaee.pee. dabaav key sambandh mein nirnay ikai patti mein nirdisht kiye jaate hain. halanki baar pascal kii tarah ack see. aaee. ikai naheen haye, naa hii ack see. jee. aiss. ikai haye, ise us national institute off standards aind technology dwara aiss. aaee. key saath upayog key liye sweekaar kiya jaataa haye. baar kaa vyaapak roop seey dabaav key vivaran mein upayog kiya jaataa haye kyonki yeh "maanak" vayumandaliya dabaav seey kewal 1.01325% chhota haye, aur europeeya sangh key deshon mein kanuni roop seey maanyata praapt haye.
halanki ikaaiyon key baar aur aim. pee. aeye. key beach roopaantaran aasaan haye kyonki 10 baar = 1 aim. pee. aeye. haye.
yadi nae nirnayon aur poorna satra kii baithakon mein liye gaye pichhale nirnayon key beach koee virodhabhas haye, tou sabse haal key nirnay prabal hotey hain. yadi angreji yaa german bhasha key anuvaad aur francisi mool paath key beach koee virodhabhas haye, tou baad vaalaa prachalit haye.
sthaayi karyalaya.
see.aaee.pee.'iska mukhya karyalaya shaahi sainya akadami mein brussels mein sthaapit haye.
udyog key paraspar virodhi maanak.
see key americi samkaksh.aaee.pee. yeh khel hathiyar aur golaa-barud nirmaata sansthaan (saami) haye, halanki yeh alag tarah seey kaam kartaa haye. saami ack nirmaata sangh haye. see key vipareet.aaee.pee.'saami kii sifaarishon key nirnayon mein kaanoon kii taakat naheen hoti haye.
yeye dou mukhya golaa-barud maanak sangathan apane niyamon koo ekikrit karane key prayaas mein sahyog curr rahey hain, halanki way abhee bhee apane niyamon key beach matbhedon koo hull karane mein kadee mehnat curr rahey hain. sabse mahatvapurna mudda takniki vidhi haye jiska upayog maap kaksh dabaav key liye kiya jaataa haye joe maap kaksh dabaav mein antar paida kartaa haye.
kuchh hudd taka kuchh jyaamitiya ayam aur sahansheelata antar bhee hain jinhen delta ell samasya key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. delta ell samasya key kaaran agneyastra mein kaksh aur/yaa bhojan kii samasyaon kii sambhavana kii tulanaa saami key "asurakshit hathiyar aur golaa-barud sanyojan" seey naheen kii jaa sakati haye, joe una sthitiyon kaa vivaran detaa haye jahaan ack chhota cartridge ack badey cartridge key liye design kiye gaye agneyastra mein fitt hoe sakata haye, lekin upayog karane key liye asurakshit hoga.
golaa-barud kii manjuri key antar.
see.aaee.pee. swiss company kistler yaa austriyai nirmit aich. pee. aaee. jee. pee. 6 dwara banaae gaye ack prakaar key piezoelectric sensor (jise "channel sensor" kahaa jaataa haye) kaa lagbhag vishesh roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye, donon koo vishesh roop seey banaae gaye pareekshan bairal mein proofing cartridge koo daagne seey pahale cartridge cases koo drilling karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. saami ack anya prakaar key piezoelectric samvedak (jise "anuroop transducer" kahaa jaataa haye) kaa upayog kartaa haye joe vyaktigat kakshon kii aakriti key anuroop hotaa haye aur isaliye ise cartridge cases key poorv drilling kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. yeye jyaadaatar americi company, pee. see. bee. piezotronics dwara banaae jaate hain. anuroop peejo transducer kaa upayog karna adhik mahanga hotaa haye kyonki pratyek alag-alag kaksh deewaar key aakar key liye ack alag transducer kii aavashyakta hoti haye jiska piston dabaav namuna chhed sthaan parr usa deewaar key samocch seey mell khaata haye. channel samvedak prakaar apane liye adhik kifayati haye kyonki pratyek samvedak koo una sabhi kakshon key beach sthanantarit kiya jaa sakata haye jinake aakar samaan hain, jinamen seey kewal dou hain.
golaa-barud key liye, takniki vividhataon koo hull karna aasaan haye kyonki pee. see. bee. piezotronics aur kistler antarrashtriya companiyon seey kewal ack prakaar kaa piezoelectric sensor (jise "sparshrekha samvedak" kahaa jaataa haye) binaa drilling key upayog key upalabdh haye aur joe saami manakon aur see key beach bhinn naheen hotaa haye.aaee.pee. niyam.
pramaan pareekshan antar.
see key tahat.aaee.pee. pramaan pareekshan manakon mein ack drill kiye gaye mamle kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye aur peejo maapane vaale upkaran (transducer) koo breach faces seey purvanirdhaarit doori parr rakhaa jaataa haye jaba cartridge mamle kii lambai seema sahit anumati detee haye. jaba cartridge cases kii lambai bahut cumm yaa bahut lambi hoti haye, tou dabaav maap ack cartridge vishisht sthaan parr hoga joe breach faces seey cumm yaa lambi doori parr paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye aur mamle key aayamon parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
saami proof pareekshan prakriyaon key tahat, baadha vaale mamalon key liye transducer kaa kendra badey vyaas () transducer aur chhote vyaas () transducer key liye mamle key kandhe key peechhe sthit hotaa haye. seedhe mamalon key liye transducer kaa kendra transducer vyaas kaa aadhaa aur baithe hue goli key aadhar key peechhe sthit hotaa haye. chhote transducer kaa upayog taba kiya jaataa haye jaba maap key bindu parr cases vyaas cumm hotaa haye.
dabaav maap key sthaan mein antar saami maanak kii tulanaa mein alag parinam detaa haye.
sandarbh cartridge pranali.
paraspar virodhi udyog manakon kii samasyaon koo hull karane key liye, vartamaan mein naato senaaon (naato apvet pareekshan) dwara upayog kii jaane vaali pranali key samaan "sandarbh kartus" key sambandh mein ack dhaarana utpann karane key prayaas kiye jaate hain. iss pranali mein pratyek nirmaata ney golaa-barud kaa ack batch (jise "lott" bhee kahaa jaataa haye) alag rakhaa haye, jise way bahut achchi gunavatta kaa maanate hain aur baad mein unhein joe utpaadan karane kii aavashyakta haye uska pratinidhi maanate hain. yeh yojana banaai gaee haye kii inn baichon koo see koo bheja jaae.aaee.pee. proof house aur saami anumodit kendron mein jahaan "sandarbh golibari" kii jaani chaahiye.
dou mahatvapurna muddon key kaaran yeh pranali naheen haye. ack haye sandarbhit kiye jaane vaale cartridge kii sankhya (500 seey adhik) joe operation koo atyadhik mahanga aur lamba banaati haye. doosara mudda sanyukt raajya america key itaar niyam hain joe golaa-barud koo sanyukt raajya seey europe mein aage-peechhe leey jaanaa prashaasnik roop seey bahut jatil banaate hain, aur isake vipareet.
see.aaee.pee. maanyata praapt pramaan ghar.
see mein agneyastron aur golaa-barud kaa pareekshan aur pramaan.aaee.pee. sadasya raajyon koo inn see mein pradarshan kiya jaataa haye.aaee.pee. maanyata praapt pramaan gharah
pareekshan upkaran pradaata.
nimnalikhit companiyaan see koo upkaran pradaan karati hain.aaee.pee. iss prakaar key pareekshan karane kii suvidhaaenh