
aspasht drishya

haziview dakshin africa key mpumlanga mein ack upa-ushnakatibandhiya krishi shahar haye, joe apane badey kele aur macadamia nutt udyogon key liye prasiddh haye, joe dakshin africa key kele mein lagbhag 20 pratishat aur macadamia utpaadan mein 30 pratishat kaa yogdan detaa haye. krugger rashtriya udyaan kii seema seey lagey shahar kaa naam garmiyon kii garmi key dauran chamakati dhundh seey liya gayaa haye. mpumlanga praant key adhikansh niji khel bhandar dhundhale drishya key thheek poorv mein paae jaate hain.
itihas aur jansankhyiki.
yeh kegoshi magshula key adheen pracheen mapulana raajyon mein seey ack haye. upanivesh seey pahale magshula iss kshetra mein adhikaar praapt karate they. yeh vahee (magshula) they jinhone 1840 mein joao albasini aur unake hajaaron tsonga anuyaayiyon koo iss kshetra mein basane kii anumati dee thee jise aaj nambi gett aur pretoriuscope key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. saabi nadee key tata parr nambi mein bhoomi key liye, albasini ney kegoshi magshula koo apane mitra mukhya manungu key liye bhoomi key liye khareed moolya key roop mein 200 maveshiyon kaa jhund diyaa, yeh taba thaa jaba kegoshi magshula koo santosh huaa kii albasini aur usake tsonga loga achche iraade seey usaki bhoomi parr buss rahey they, yaani aakramankari swazi impis seey ladane mein usake saath shamil honey key liye. joao albasini, ack yuddhollas aur aadhunik yuddh key ack master, ney apane tsonga anuyaayiyon kaa upayog swazi koo magshula kii bhoomi parr vijay praapt karane seey rokane key liye kiya, kegoshi magushula koo prasann kiya aur unhein aashvast kiya kii swazi apane match seey mill gaye they. albasini aur unake tsonga anuyaayiyon ney saabi nadee key tata parr gehuun kaa ropan kiya aur ack bekari kii sthaapana kii jahan maheen safed rotty kaa utpaadan kiya jaataa thaa, jisase magshule kaa kraal poore nichale star mein prasiddh hoe gayaa.
nichale tala mein albasini kii tsonga basti koo saamoohik roop seey magshula key kraal key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. jabaki magshula key kraal mein, albassini key ghar usa sthaan parr sthit they jise aaj nambi gett key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye aur unake tsonga anuyaayiyon ney aakramankari swazi impis key khilaf apane ghar kii raksha kii. albasini key ghar key avashesh aaj bhee nambi gett parr dekhe jaa sakate hain aur ise 'albasini khandahar' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
kegoshi magshula ney tsonga logon koo sakht niyamon key saath nambi gett aur pretoriuscope mein basane key liye jameen dee, yaani tsonga logon koo raajaa maswati dwara bheje gaye aakramankari swazi koo nishkaasit karane aur haraane mein unaki madad karni padee. jaise hii tsonga bastiyaan pretoriuscope, scucuza, nambi aur vartamaan shahar key poorv key anya kshetron seey faili, magshula kii bhoomi parr vijay praapt karane kii swazi kii yojana whiffle hoe gaee, kyonki tsonga logon ney unhein apane sainya abhiyaan koo anjam dene seey roque diyaa. swazi logon koo sabak sikhaane vaali ack aisee mahatvapurna vyakti ack tsonga pramukh thee jise manungu key naam seey jaanaa jaataa thaa, manungu joao albasini kii senaa mein ack senapati they aur unhein induna key roop mein pretoriuscope mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. pretoriuscope tsonga logon dwara ack atyadhik aabaadi vaalaa kshetra thaa, jiska kaam, jaisa kii kegoshi magshule key saath sahamati thee, swazi logon koo magshula kii bhoomi mein pravesh karane seey rokna thaa, manungu swazi aakramankariyon seey bhoomi kii raksha karane mein ack induna key roop mein safal rhaa. jaba wartracker netaa pretorius kii mrityu josekhulu mein hui, tou yeh joao albasini aur unake anuyaayi they jinhone antim sanskar kiya aur unhein ack pahaadi key buggle mein dafnaya aur iss bahadur wartracker netaa key sammaan mein jagah kaa naam pretoriuscope rakhaa.
joao albasini aur unake hajaaron tsonga anuyaayiyon kii madad seey, swazi kii aakramankari ranneetiyon koo ack badaa jhataka lagaa, tsonga kii vishal basti, joe pretoriuscope seey shuru hoti haye, aakramankari swazing koo vaapas dhakelane mein kamyab rahee, jahan seey way aae they. mission puuraa honey aur albassini aur unake tsonga anuyaayiyon dwara samarthit swazi impis key saath, albassini ney 1843 mein lunde (venda mein) key liye magshula key kraal koo chhod diyaa aur vahaan ack shaktishali sardar bunn gayaa, usane 2000 sashastr tsonga purushon kii ack shaktishali senaa kii sthaapana kii, jinhen vaha venda aur unake pramukhon koo pareshan kartaa thaa. luonde mein ack sardar key roop mein, albassini poore kshetra mein apane tsonga logon kaa ack shwet pramukh bunn gayaa, jahan tsonga loga rahate hain aur dakshini mosambic seey atirikt hajaaron tsonga basane vaalon koo laaya, taaki aspatal seey laker escorpment taka bhoomi key vishal hisse parr kabja kiya jaa sakey, unhone luonde mein apane shakti aadhar koo majboot karane key liye sabhi tsonga pramukhon koo bhee element kshetra mein niyukt kiya. vaha ack bhayabheet sardar thaa, yahaan taka kii venda raajaa makhado ney bhee usey uksaayaa naheen kyonki vaha jaanata thaa kii albassini key paas hajaaron golaa-barud hain, jinhen vaha aur usake tsonga anuyaayi kissy bhee samay usey bhadkane vaale key khilaf upayog karane mein sankoch naheen karenge.
haalaanki, jaba albasini ney 1843 mein magshula key kraal koo chhod diyaa, tou unake kaee tsonga anuyaayi peechhe reh gaye aur aakramankari swazi key khilaf kegoshi magshula key sangharsh kaa samarthan karna jaari rakhaa. jaise-jaise adhik seey adhik tsonga logon ney pretoriuscope, scucuza aur nambi mein baadh aanaa shuru kiya, swazi ney hatahaton key kaaran dheere-dheere apani aakramankari ranneeti vaapas leey lii. swazi logon ney kegoshi magshula key khilaf apani ladaai chhod dee kyonki unhein ehsas huaa kii way kabhi bhee yuddh naheen jeet sakate hain, kyonki dushman koo abb haarnaa bahut badaa thaa, kyonki tsonga loga kegoshi magshula koo bahut sainya samarthan dey rahey they. dakshini crugger mein manungukop, pretoriuscope, scucuza, nambi, satara aur kaee anya kii tsonga bastiyon koo taba jabaran hataa diyaa gayaa jaba aupaniveshik sarkaar ney 1899 aur 1902 key beach crugger rashtriya udyaan kaa nirmaan kiya.
aaj, dhundhala drishya tsonga logon kaa ghar haye, joe saabi nadee key tata parr iss sunder shahar key uttar-purvi bhaag mein rahate hain. dhundhale drishya key dakshin mein, swazi loga ise apana ghar kahate hain. jabaki iss shahar key uttar-paschimi bhaag mein, mapulana loga aur unaki sanskritiyaan paaee jaati hain. sepulana, unaki bhasha, uttari sotho bhasha mein seey ack, yahee haye joe mapulana koo aspashtata mein ack dilchasp saanskritik samooh banaata haye.
safed african bhee aspashtata mein rahate hain. ack shahar mein chaar saanskritik samoohon key saath, dhundhala drishya dakshin africa key nichale kshetra mein vividh sanskritiyon kaa ack pighalata huaa bartan haye.
bhoomi key daave.
mapulana key loga vartamaan mein shahar key poore uttar-paschimi bhaag parr, dhundhale drishya seey laker saabi taka, subby shahar taka kaa daavaa curr rahey hain. jabaki dakshin africa key badey paanch khel key sanrakshak tsonga loga, poore uttar-purvi bhaag mein dhundhlapan kaa daavaa curr rahey hain, vishesh roop seey sabhi khel aarakshit kshetra, jaise kii scucuza, pretoriuscope, satara, protia hotal crugger gett aadi. jabaki swazi loga shahar key poore dakshini hisse parr daavaa curr rahey hain.
bhaugolik jaankaari.
dhundhala drishya fabeni dwaar seey 12 kilometres aur paul crugger dwaar seey 40 kilometres door haye joe vishva prasiddh crugger rashtriya udyaan prakriti aarakshit grih mein jaataa haye. dhundhala drishya mobombela seey 60 kii. mee. door sthit haye. nalespruit shahar. kimiya, crugger mpumlanga antarrashtriya havaai adda haziview shahar seey 56 kimmy door haye.

