constantin chernenko

constantin ustinovic chernenko (24 sitambar 1911-10 march 1985) ack soviyat rajneta aur soviyat sangh kii communist party key saatven mahasachiv they. unhone 13 farwari 1984 seey 10 march 1985 koo apani mrityu taka soviyat sangh kaa netritva kiya.
cyberia key ack garib parivaar mein janme, chernenko 1929 mein comsomol mein shamil hoe gaye aur 1931 mein party key poorna sadasya bunn gaye. prachaar padon kii ack shrinkhala aayojit karane key baad, 1948 mein way moldavia mein prachaar vibhaag key pramukh bunn gaye, joe leonid brejhanev key tahat seva curr rahey they. 1964 mein brejhanev key see. pee. aiss. yuu. key pratham sachiv key roop mein padbhar sambhaalane key baad, chernenko kendriya samiti key samanya vibhaag key pramukh baney, joe polit beuro key liye agenda nirdhaarit karane aur kendriya samiti key farmaanon kaa masauda taiyar karane key liye jimmedaar they. 1971 mein chernenko kendriya samiti key poorna sadasya baney aur 1978 mein unhein polit beuro kaa poorna sadasya banaaya gayaa.
brejhanev aur unake uttaradhikari yuri andropov kii mrityu key baad, chernenko koo farwari 1984 mein mahasachiv chunaa gayaa aur aprail 1984 mein sarvocch soviyat sangh key presidium kaa adhyaksh banaaya gayaa. unake teji seey kharaab swaasthya key kaaran, way aksar apane aadhikarik kartavyon koo puuraa karane mein asamarth they. kewal 13 maheene taka desh kaa netritva karane key baad march 1985 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee, aur unake baad mikhail gorbachev ney mahasachiv key roop mein padbhar sambhala.
praarambhik jeevan aur raajneetik jeevan.
utpatti.
chernenko kaa janm 24 sitambar 1911 koo bolshaya tess (abb novosiyolovsky jile, krasnoyarsk cry mein) key cyberian gaanv mein ack garib parivaar mein huaa thaa.
chernenko 1929 mein comsomol (communist youth leag) mein shamil hoe gaye. 1931 taka, way sattaaroodh communist party key poorna sadasya bunn gaye. 1930 seey 1933 taka, unhone soviyat-cheeni seema parr soviyat seema rakshakon mein seva kii. apani sainya seva poori karane key baad, vaha ack prachaarak key roop mein krasnoyarsk laut aae. 1933 mein unhone novosolovsky jilaa party samiti key prachaar vibhaag mein kaam kiya. kuchh saal baad unhein uyarsk recom mein usee vibhaag key pramukh key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa.
chernenko ney party key rankon key madhyam seey lagaatar vriddhi kii, 1939 mein krasnoyarsk kii kshetriya samiti key andolan vibhaag key upa pramukh naamit kiye jaane seey pahale krasnoyarsk house off party prabuddhata key nideshak bunn gaye. 1940 key dashak kii shuruat mein, unhone fyodor kulkov key saath ghanishth sambandh shuru kiye aur prachaar key liye kshetriya party samiti key sachiv naamit kiye gaye. 1945 taka, unhone masco mein ack party prashikshan vidyalaya seey diploma praapt kiya aur baad mein 1953 mein school shikshakon key liye ack patrachar pathyakram puuraa kiya.
soviyat netritva mein vriddhi.
chernenko key karyakal mein mahatvapurna modd 1948 mein moldavian soviyat samajwadi ganarajya mein communist party key prachaar vibhaag kaa netritva karane kaa unakaa kaary thaa. vahaan, way 1950 seey 1952 taka communist party kii moldavian shakha key pahale sachiv aur soviyat sangh key bhavishya key netaa leonid brejhanev seey mille aur unakaa vishvaas jeetaa. chernenko ney 1956 mein masco mein see. pee. aiss. yuu. kendriya samiti mein isi tarah key prachaar pada koo bharane key liye brejhanev kaa anusaran kiya. 1960 mein, brejhanev koo sarvocch soviyat sangh (soviyat sangh key raajya key nammatra key pramukh) key presidium kaa adhyaksh naamit kiye jaane key baad, chernenko unake pramukh karmchari bunn gaye.
1964 mein, soviyat netaa nikita khrushchev koo padchyut curr diyaa gayaa, aur brejhanev dwara uttaradhikari banaaya gayaa. party netaa key roop mein brejhanev key karyakal key dauran, chernenko kaa currier safaltapurvak jaari rhaa. unhein 1965 mein kendriya samiti key samanya vibhaag key pramukh key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa, aur unhein polit beuro agenda nirdhaarit karane aur kaee kendriya samiti key farmaanon aur prastaavon kaa masauda taiyar karane kaa janadesh diyaa gayaa thaa. unhone party key sheersh sadasyon key vibhinn karyalayon mein telephone taar null aur gupt shravan upkaranon kii bhee nigrani kii. unakaa ack aur kaam thaa dainik saikadon party dastavejon parr hastakshar karna, ack kaam joe unhone agale 20 varshon key liye kiya. party key mahasachiv banane key baad bhee, unhone samanya vibhaag kaa ullekh karate hue kaagjaaton parr hastakshar karna jaari rakhaa (jaba way bhautik roop seey dastavejon parr hastakshar naheen curr sakate they, tou isake bajaay ack pratiroop kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa).
1971 mein, chernenko koo kendriya samiti mein poorna sadasyata key liye padonnat kiya gayaa thaah patra beuro parr party key kaam kii dekhrekh karna, patrachar seey nipatna. 1976 mein, way patra beuro key sachiv chune gaye. way 1977 mein ummidwar baney aur 1978 mein party key padanukram mein mahasachiv key baad dusare sthaan parr polit beuro key poorna sadasya baney.
brejhanev key antim varshon key dauran, chernenko poori tarah seey vaichaarik party key kaam mein doobe hue theh videshon mein soviyat pratinidhimandalon kaa netritva karna, brejhanev key saath mahatvapurna baithakon aur sammelanon mein jaanaa, aur 1977 mein soviyat samvidhaan koo sanshodhit karane vaale aayog key sadasya key roop mein kaam karna. 1979 mein, unhone vienna hathiyar seema vaarta mein bhaag liya.
navambar 1982 mein brejhanev kii mrityu key baad, aisee atkalen lagaai jaa rahee theen kii mahasachiv kaa pada chernenko key haathon mein aaa jaayega, lekin vaha party key bheetar apani ummidwari key liye paryaapt samarthan jutaane mein asamarth they. antatah, kgb pramukh yuri andropov, joe brejhanev key kharaab swaasthya key prati adhik sachet they, iss pada parr safal rahey.
soviyat sangh key netaa.
yuri andropov kii mrityu 9 farwari 1984 koo hui. chernenko koo andropov kii jagah lene key liye chunaa gayaa, halanki baad vaale ney kahaa kii vaha chaahte they kii mikhail gorbachev unakaa uttaradhikari baney. isake alawa, chernenko khud bhee buri tarah seey beemar they.
desh key sheersh pada parr chadhaai key samay, chernenko koo mukhya roop seey ack sankramankalin netaa key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa joe agali peedhi key soviyat netritva seey ack sweekarya ummidwar chunane key liye polit beuro key "puraane gaard" koo samay dey sakata thaa. antarim mein, unhein raksha mantri dmitriya ustinov aur videsh mantri andrei gromico key saath ack tikadi key hisse key roop mein desh parr shasson karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa. yeh ack badhati hui samasya bunn gaee kyonki chernenko kii bimari ney unhein badhati aavritti key saath baithakon seey chookane key liye prerit kiya.
andropov key antim sanskar mein, chernenko mushkil seey stuti padh sakate they. way joe kahane kii koshish curr rahey they, way uska arth samajhane key liye tanaav mein they. vaha teji seey bolata thaa, apane shabdon koo nigal letaa thaa, khansta rahata thaa aur apane honth aur maathe koo ponchhane key liye baar-baar rook jaataa thaa. vaha ack nae sthaapit escalator key madhyam seey lenin key makbare parr chadh gayaa aur dou angrakshakon kii madad seey neeche utaraa.
chernenko ney dair seey brejhanev yug kii neetiyon kii or vaapsee kaa pratinidhitva kiya. phir bhee, unhone shramik sanghon key liye ack badee bhoomika kaa samarthan kiya, aur shiksha aur prachaar mein sudhaar kiya. ack pramukh kaarmik parivartan chernenko general staff key pramukh, marshel nikolai ogarkov kii barkhastagi thee. ogarkov koo baad mein marshel sarge akhromeyev dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
videsh neeti mein, unhone chean key saath ack vyaapaar samjhaute parr baatchit kii. nae sire seey shaanti key ahwan key bavjood, chernenko ney sanyukt raajya key saath sheet yuddh koo badhaane seey rokane key liye bahut cumm kiya. udaaharan key liye, 1984 mein, soviyat sangh ney purvi german netaa erich honekar kii paschim germany kii yatra koo roque diyaa. haalaanki, 1984 key sharad ritu key anta mein, yuu.aiss. aur soviyat sangh 1985 kii shuruat mein hathiyar niyantran vaarta phir seey shuru karane key liye sahmat huaa. navambar 1984 mein chernenko ney britten key laber party key netaa neel kinnock seey mulakat kii.
1980 mein, sanyukt raajya america ney afghanistan parr soviyat aakraman key virodh mein masco mein aayojit grishmakaaleen olympic key antarrashtriya bahishkaar kaa netritva kiya. isake baad 1984 key grishmakaaleen olympic loss angils, california mein aayojit honey vaale they. 8 maee 1984 koo, chernenko key netritva mein, ussr ney khelon mein bhaag naheen lene key apane iraade kii ghoshana kii, jisamen daavaa kiya gayaa kii "suraksha chintaon aur ugravaadi bhaavanaon aur sanyukt raajya mein ack soviyat virodhi unmaad koo badhaava diyaa jaa rhaa haye. bahishkaar mein cuba (lekin romania naheen) sahit 14 purvi samooh upgrah aur sahayogi shamil hue. iss kaarravaai koo vyaapak roop seey yuu key liye badale key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa.aiss.-masco khelon kaa bahishkaar kiya. bahishkaar karane vaale deshon ney 1984 kii garmiyon mein apane swayam key "mitrata khelon" kaa ayojan kiya.
apani mrityu seey pahale, chernenko ney praarambhik dastavejon parr hastakshar kiye jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii 9 maee 1985 koo, 40vein vijay divas pared key dinn, volgograd shahar kaa naam badalkar stellingrad curr diyaa jaayega. stallin kii betty swetlana aliluyeva koo likhe apane patra mein unhone "aaee kii smriti aur viraasat key sambandh mein nyaay kii agami bahaali key baare mein likhaa.vee. stallin, "joe sambhavatah stallin key raajneetik punarvaas koo sandarbhit kartaa haye.
swaasthya samasyaaen, mrityu aur viraasat.
chernenko ney nau saal kii umr mein dhumrapan karna shuru curr diyaa thaa, aur vaha hamesha ack vayask key roop mein ack bhaari dhumrapan karane vaale key roop mein jaane jaate they. mahasachiv key roop mein apane chunaav seey bahut pahale, unhein vaatasfeeti aur daahine paksh kii hriday viphalata hoe gaee thee. 1983 mein way bronchitis, pleuricy aur pneumonia key kaaran teen maheene taka apane kartavyon seey anupasthit rahey they. itihaaskaar johnn luis gaddis ney unhein 1984 mein andropov key safal honey parr "ack kamjor jarachikitsa key roop mein varnit kiya, joe khufiya reports kaa aaklan karane seey parey haye, khatarnak yaa naheen".
1984 kii shuruat mein, chernenko koo ack maheene seey adhik samay taka aspatal mein bharti karaaya gayaa thaa, lekin unhone polit beuro key nott aur patra bhejkar kaam karna jaari rakhaa. garmiyon key dauran, unake doctors ney unhein khanij spaa key liye kislovodsk bheja, lekin resort chernenko mein unake aaney key dinn unaki tabiyat bigad gaee, aur unhein pneumonia hoe gayaa. chernenko 1984 mein baad mein craimlin mein vaapas naheen aae. unhone apane karyalaya mein antariksh yaatriyon aur lekhakon koo adesh diye, lekin galiyaron seey gujarane mein asamarth they aur unhein wheelchair parr chalaaya gayaa thaa.
1984 key anta taka, chernenko shayed hii kendriya naidaanik aspatal, paschim mosco mein ack bhaari suraksha suvidha koo chhod sakata thaa, aur polit beuro sabhi patron parr apane hastakshar kaa ack pratiroop lagaa rhaa thaa, jaisa kii chernenko ney andropov key saath kiya thaa jaba vaha marr rhaa thaa. chernenko kii bimari koo pahali baar 22 farwari 1985 koo poorvottar mosco key quibishev baro mein ack television chunaav raili key dauran saarvajanik roop seey sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan mahasachiv russie aiss. aff. aiss. aar. key sarvocch soviyat key ummidwar key roop mein khade they, jaba politburo sadasya victor grishin ney khulasa kiya kii mahasachiv doctors kii salah key anusaar anupasthit they. dou dinn baad, ack television drishya mein, jisane rashtra koo chaunka diyaa, grishin ney buri tarah seey beemar chernenko koo apane aspatal key bistar seey ack matpatra boxes mein matdan karane key liye ghasita. 28 farwari 1985 koo, chernenko ack baar phir television parr sansadiya pramaan patra praapt karane key liye dikhaai diye aur apani chunavi jeet parr ack sankshipt bayaan padhaah "chunaav abhiyaan samaapt hoe gayaa haye aur abb matdaataon aur communists dwara hamaare liye nirdhaarit karyon koo puuraa karane kaa samay aaa gayaa haye.
farwari 1985 key antim teen hafton mein chernenko key liye vaatasfeeti aur sambandhit fefde aur hriday kii kshati kaafee kharaab hoe gaee. mukhya craimlin doctor, yevgeni aaee key anusaar. chezov, chernenko ney bhee yakrit key puraane hepatitis aur serosis donon koo vikasit kiya thaa. 10 march koo 15:00 parr, chernenko komaa mein gir gayaa aur usa shaam 73 varsh kii ayu mein 19:20 mein usaki mrityu hoe gaee. ack shav pareekshan mein maut kaa kaaran puraane vaatasfeeti, ack badhe hue aur kshatigrast hriday, hridaya kii viphalata aur yakrit serosis kaa sanyojan honey kaa pataa chalaa. desh bhar mein teen divasiya shoke kii ghoshana kii gaee. bhaarat, iraq, seeriya aur nikaragua sabhi ney teen dinon key shoke kii ghoshana kii; pakistan ney dou dinon key shoke kii ghoshana kii; purvi germany aur chekoslovakia ney ack dinn key shoke kii ghoshana kii.
chernenko teen saal seey bhee cumm samay mein marane vaale teesare soviyat netaa baney. unaki mrityu kii madhya raatri mein soochit kiye jaane parr, yuu.aiss. rashtrapati ronald reegan ney tippani kii haye, "aggar way mujh parr marate rahate hain tou mujhe rusiyon key saath kaheen bhee kaise jaanaa chaahiye?"
chernenko koo raajkeeya antim sanskar key saath sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa aur usey craimlin deewaar kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa thaa, joe lenin makbare aur craimlin deewaar key beach sthit baarah alag-alag makbaron mein seey ack mein thaa. vaha antim vyakti haye jise vahaan dafnaya gayaa haye.
chernenko kaa prabhaav-yaa usaki kamee-soviyat press mein jiss tarah seey unaki mrityu kii soochana dee gaee thee, usase spasht thaa. soviyat samachar patron ney usee dinn chernenko kii mrityu aur gorbachev key chayan key baare mein kahaaniyan prakaashit keen. patron kaa praarup ack hii thaah prishth 1 ney 11 march koo party kii kendriya samiti key satra kii soochana dee jisamen mikhail gorbachev koo chunaa gayaa aur nae netaa kii jeevani aur unaki ack badee tasveer chhaapi gaee; prishth 2 ney chernenko key nidhan kii ghoshana kii aur unake nidhan kii soochana chhaapi.
ack soviyat netaa kii mrityu key baad unake uttaradhikariyon key liye unakaa surakshit sthaan kholane kii pratha thee. jaba gorbachev ney chernenko kaa surakshit kamra khola, tou usamen vyaktigat kaagjaaton kaa ack chhota saa folder aur paise key kaee badey bundle paae gaye; aur adhik paise unaki mez mein paae gaye. yeh gyaat naheen haye kii usane paisa kahaan seey praapt kiya thaa yaa vaha iska upayog kiss liye karna chaahata thaa.
vyaktigat jeevan.
chernenko kaa apani pahali patni, faina vasilivana chernenko key saath ack betaa thaa, jiska naam albert thaa. apani doosari patni enaa dimitrena lubimova key saath, jinhone 1944 mein unase shaadi kii, unaki dou betiyaan theen, yelena aur vera, aur ack betaa, vladmir. 2015 mein, abhilekhiya dastavej prakaashit kiye gaye they, jisake anusaar chernenko kii kaee aur patniyaan theen, aur unake saath kaee aur bachche they; yeh paristhiti, shayed, 1940 key dashak mein chernenko key currier key vikas kii dheemi gati kaa kaaran thee.

