
paanini

 (devnagarih paanini,) pracheen bhaarat mein ack sanskrit bhashashastri, vyaakaranvid aur poojya vidwan they, joe eesaa poorv 6 veen aur 4 veen shatabdi key beach key they.
unnisvin shatabdi mein europeeya vidvaanon dwara unake kaam "ashtaadyayi" kii khoj aur prakaashan key baad seey, paanini koo "pahala varnanatmak bhashavid" maanaa jaataa haye, aur yahaan taka kii "bhashavigyan key pitaa" key roop mein bhee label kiya gayaa haye. vyaakaran key prati unakaa drishtikon ferdinand dee sausur aur leonard bloomfield jaise moolbhoot bhashavidon parr prabhaavshaali thaa.
viraasat.
paanini koo unake paath "ashtaadyayi" key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, joe sanskrit vyaakaran parr ack sootra-shally kaa granth haye, "aathh adhyaayon" mein bhashavigyan, vaakya rachana aur shabdarth parr 3,996 chhand yaa niyam hain joe vedang kii "vyakaran" shakha kaa moolbhoot paath haye, joe vaidik kaal key sahayak vidwan vishayon mein seey ack haye. unake sootravaachak paath ney kaee "bhashya" (tippaniyan) koo aakarshit kiya, jinamen seey patanjali kaa "mahabharat" sabse prasiddh haye. unake vichaaron ney bauddh dharm jaise anya bhaaratiya dharmon key vidvaanon kii tippaniyon koo prabhaavit kiya aur aakarshit kiya.
sangya yaugikon kaa paanini kaa vishleshan abhee bhee bhaaratiya bhaashaon mein yaugik key aadhunik bhashai siddhanton kaa aadhar haye. paanini key vyaakaran key vyaapak aur vaigyaanik siddhant koo paaramparik roop seey shaastriya sanskrit kii shuruat key roop mein liya jaataa haye. unake vyavasthit granth ney sanskrit koo dou sahasraabdiyon key liye seekhane aur saahitya kii pramukh bhaaratiya bhasha banaaya.
20veen shatabdi seey pahale kissy bhee samkaksh paschimi siddhant kii tulanaa mein paanini kaa aakriti vigyaan vishleshan kaa siddhant adhik unnat thaa. unakaa granth utpaadak aur varnanatmak haye, dhaatu bhasha aur metaa-niyamon kaa upayog kartaa haye, aur turing machine seey tulanaa kii gaee haye jisamen kissy bhee computing upkaran kii taarkik sanrachana koo ack aadarsh ganitiya model kaa upayog karke isake aavashyak tatvon mein cumm curr diyaa gayaa haye.
tithi aur sandarbh.
panini sambhavatah mahajanpad yug key dauran uttar-paschim bhaaratiya upmahadweep mein pracheen gandhar mein shalatura mein rahate they.
paanini naam ack sanrakshak haye jiska arth haye panina kaa vanshaj. patanjali key "mahabharat" key chhandon key anusaar unakaa puuraa naam dakshiputra paanini thaa, jisamen pahale bhaag mein unaki maan kaa naam dakhshi bataaya gayaa thaa.
detting.
paanini kaba rahate they, isake baare mein kuchh bhee nishchit roop seey gyaat naheen haye, yahaan taka kii vaha kiss shatabdi mein rahate they. paanini eesaa poorv saatvin yaa chhathi aur chauthi shatabdi key beach kii haye. wonn hinebar (1989) mudrashastriya tarkon aur unake saanketik lipi adhyayanon parr adharit falk (1993) parr adharit, unhein chauthi shatabdi eesaa poorv key madhya mein rakhate hain. anya loga chhathi yaa paanchvin shatabdi eesaa poorv mein pracheen bhaaratiya granthon mein aantarik sakshya aur paath sakshya kaa upayog karate hain, jabaki bodd saatvin seey paanchvin shatabdi eesaa poorv kaa ullekh kartaa haye. george cardona (1997) ney apane aadhikarik sarvekshan aur paanini seey sambandhit adhyayanon kii sameeksha mein kahaa haye kii upalabdh sakshya dridhata seey 400 aur 350 eesaa poorv key beach key samay kaa samarthan karate hain, jabaki pahale kii tarikh vyakhyaon parr nirbhar karati haye aur sambhaavit naheen haye.
bodd key anusaar, paanini kaa vyaakaran shaastriya sanskrit koo paribhaashit kartaa haye, isaliye paanini koo kalanukramik roop seey vaidik kaal key baad key bhaag mein rakhaa gayaa haye. aeye key anusaar. bee. keath, sanskrit paath joe paanini dwara varnit bhasha seey sabse adhik mell khaata haye, vaha haye "aitareya brahmin" (). sharfe key anusaar, "vaidik bhasha key saath unaki nikatata jaisa kii upanishad aur vaidik sootra mein paaya jaataa haye, 5 veen yaa shayed 6 veen see kaa sujhaav detaa haye. bee.see."
mudrashastriya nishkarshon key aadhar parr, wonn hinebar aur falk eesaa poorv chauthi shatabdi key madhya mein panini koo sthaan dete hain. paanini kaa "roopya" (a 5.2.119, a 5.2.120, a. 5.4. 43, a 4.3.153,) mein ack vishisht soney key sikke, "nishka" kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye, joe kaee sootron mein haye, jise bhaarat mein eesaa poorv chauthi shatabdi mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa. hauben key anusaar, paanini key liye "tithi" iss prakaar thhos sakshya parr adharit haye jiska abb taka khandan naheen kiya gayaa haye."bronkhorst key anusaar, wonn hinebar aur falk key tark kii vaidhata parr sandeh karane kaa koee kaaran naheen haye, joe 350 eesaa poorv yaa usake baad key dashakon mein panini kii tarikh key liye" "antim sthaan" "nirdhaarit kartaa haye. bronkhorst key anusaar, 
cardona ney paanini key sambandh mein dou pramukh aantarik saakshyon kaa ullekh kiya haye. shabd" "kii ghatana 4.1.49 mein, ack lekhan (" "lipi" ") c kaa ullekh karate hue.q. cuniform lekhan, yaa yunani lekhan, alekjendar dha grate key baad paanini key liye ack tarikh kaa sujhaav detaa haye. cardona iss sambhavana koo khariz karate hue tark dete hain kii yeh ack yavan mahila koo bhee sandarbhit curr sakata haye; aur yeh kii alekjendar kii jeet seey pahale bhaartiyon kaa yunani duniya key saath sampark thaa. paanini key sootra 2.1.70 mein "kumarshraman" kaa ullekh haye, joe "shraman" seey liya gayaa haye, joe ack mahila koo tyagane key liye sandarbhit kartaa haye, c.q. "bauddh nana", jiska arth haye kii paanini koo gautam buddh key baad rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye. key. bee. pathak (1930) ney tark diyaa kii "kumarashram" ack jaine nana koo bhee sandarbhit curr sakata haye, jiska arth haye kii paanini koo buddh key baad rakhna aavashyak naheen haye.
yeh nishchit naheen haye kii kyaa paanini ney apane kaam kii rachana key liye lekhan kaa upayog kiya thaa, halanki yeh aam taur parr sahmat haye kii vaha lekhan key ack roop key baare mein jaanate they, joe "lipi" ("lipi") aur "lipikar" ("lekhak") jaise shabdon key sandarbhon key aadhar parr "ashtaadya" key khand 3.2 mein thaa. isaliye bhaarat mein lekhan kii shuruat kii tarikh paanini kii tarikh key baare mein aur jaankaari dey sakati haye.
paanini ney unase pahale cumm seey cumm duss vyaakaranvidon aur bhashavidon kaa hawala diyaah aapishaali, kashyap, arghya, galav, kakaravarman, bhardwaj, shaktayan, shaakya, senaka aur sphotayan. kamal key key anusaar. misra, paanini kaa arth yaska bhee haye, "jiska lekhan chauthi shatabdi bee key madhya mein haye.see."brihatkatha aur manjushree-moola-kalp donon ney paanini kaa ullekh kiya haye kii way nand raajaa (chautha see. bee. see. ee.).
sthaan.
paanini key vyaktigat jeevan key baare mein kuchh bhee nishchit naheen haye. valabhi key siladitya VII key ack shilalekh mein, unhein shalaturia kahaa jaataa haye, jiska arth haye "salatura seey aaya aadami". iska matlab haye kii paanini pracheen gandhar (vartamaan uttar-paschim pakistan) key salatura mein rahati thee, joe sambhavatah indus aur kabul nadiyon key sangam parr sthit shahar lahor key paas thaa. 7veen shatabdi key cheeni vidwan juanjang key sansmaranon key anusaar, sindhu parr "suoluoduluo" naamak ack shahar thaa jahan paanini kaa janm huaa thaa, aur unhone "kingming-lune" (sanskritah "vyakaran") kii rachana kii thee.
hartmut sharfe key anusaar, paanini acamenid samrajya kii seemaon key paas gandhar mein rahati thee, aur gandhar taba indus ghaati kii acamenid vijay key baad ack acamenid satrapi thaa. isaliye, vaha takniki roop seey ack farsi vishay rhaa hoga, lekin uska kaam farsi bhasha key baare mein koee jagrukta naheen dikhaata haye. patrick olivel key anusaar, paanini key paath aur unake baare mein anya jagahon seey pataa chalata haye kii "vaha spasht roop seey uttar-paschimi kshetra seey they.
kinvadantiyaan aur baad mein swaagat.
bhaaratiya dantkathaon aur pracheen granthon mein paanini kaa ullekh haye. udaaharan key liye, "panchtantra" mein ullekh haye kii paanini koo ack shher ney maar daala thaa.
agast, 2004 mein paanch rupaye kii bhaaratiya daak tikat parr panini koo chitrit kiya gayaa thaa.
"ashtaadyayi.
paanini key karyon mein sabse mahatvapurna, "ashtadhyaayi" ack vyaakaran haye joe anivarya roop seey sanskrit bhasha koo paribhaashit kartaa haye. unake samay mein abhijaat vaktaaon kii bolly aur register parr adharit, paath purani vaidik bhasha kii kuchh visheshtaon key liye bhee jimmedaar haye.
ashtaadyayi" bhasha key harr pahalu koo niyantrit karane vaale beejganitiya niyamon key saath ack nirdeshaatmak aur utpaadak vyaakaran haye. isake poorak teen sahayak granth hainh "aksharsamanya", "dhatupath" aur "ganpath".
vaidik bhajanon kii bhasha koo "bhrashtachar" seey bachaane key sadiyon lambe prayaas seey vikasit, "ashtaadyayi" bhasha parivartan koo rokane key liye taiyar kii gaee ack jordar, parishkrit vyaakaran parampara kaa uchch bindu haye. ashtaadyayi" kii pramukhta iss tathya seey rekhaankit hoti haye kii isane pahale aae sabhi samaan karyon koo grahan curr liya haih jabaki pahala naheen, yeh sabse purana aisaa paath haye joe apani sampoornata mein jeevit haye.
ashtaadyayi" mein aathh adhyaayon mein 3,959 "sootra" hotey hain, joe pratyek koo chaar khandon yaa "paad" mein vibhajit karate hain. paath shaabdik soochiyon ("dhatupath", "ganpatha") seey samagri koo input key roop mein letaa haye aur achchi tarah seey gathit shabdon kii peedhi key liye una parr lagu kiye jaane vaale algorithm kaa varnan kartaa haye. isaki jatilata aisee haye kii isake niyamon aur mapank key sahee anuprayog parr sadiyon baad bhee kaam kiya jaa rhaa haye.
ashtaadyayi", ack aise yug mein rachit kiya gayaa jaba maukhik rachana aur sancharan maanak thaa, usa maukhik parampara mein dridhata seey antarnihit haye. vyaapak prasaar sunishchit karane key liye, kahaa jaataa haye kii paanini mein spashtata kii tulanaa mein sankshiptata koo prathamikta dee jaati haye-ise dou ghante mein anta seey anta taka padhaa jaa sakata haye. isase sadiyon seey unake kaam kii badee sankhya mein tippaniyon kaa uday huaa haye, joe adhikansh bhaag key liye paanini key kaam dwara rakhee gaee neenv kaa paalan karati hain.
"bhatikavya".
shaastriya kaal key anta mein bhaaratiya pathyakram key seekhane key kendra mein vyaakaran adhyayan aur bhashai vishleshan kii ack pranali thee. iss adhyayan kaa mool paath paanini kaa ashtadhyayi thaa, joe seekhane kaa "saain kwa none" thaa. bhatikavya" kii rachana seey pahale duss shataabdiyon seey paanini kaa yeh vyaakaran gahan adhyayan kaa vishay rhaa haye. yeh spasht roop seey bhaatti kaa uddeshya thaa kii vaha "ramayan" kii manoranjak aur naitik roop seey sudhaar karane vaali kahani key sandarbh mein maujooda vyaakaranik tippaniyon mein pahale seey pradaan kiye gaye udaharanon kaa upayog karke paanini key paath koo adhyayan sahaayata pradaan karey. iss vyaakaran kii sookhi haddiyon koo bhatti ney apani kavita mein rasdar maans diyaa haye. lekhak kaa irada iss unnat vigyaan koo apekshaakrit aasaan aur sukhad madhyam seey padhaana thaa. apane shabdon menh
yeh rachana una logon key liye ack deepak kii tarah haye joe shabdon key arth koo samajhate hain aur ack andhe vyakti key liye ack haath darpan kii tarah haye joe vyaakaran key binaa hain.
yeh kavita, jise ack tippani key madhyam seey samajha jaanaa haye, una logon key liye ack khushi haye joe paryaapt roop seey seekhate hainh vidwan key liye apane pyaar key madhyam seey maine yahaan neeras koo cumm kiya haye.
"bhatikabhya" 22.33-34.
aadhunik bhashavigyan.
panini kaa kaam 19veen shatabdi key europe mein jaanaa jaane lagaa, jahan isane shuru mein fraans bopp key madhyam seey aadhunik bhashavigyan koo prabhaavit kiya, joe mukhya roop seey panini koo dekhate they. baad mein, ack vyaapak kaary ney sanskrit vidvaanon jaise kii ferdinand dee sausur, leonard bloomfield aur roman jacobson koo prabhaavit kiya. frits stall (1930-2012) ney europe mein bhasha parr bhaaratiya vichaaron key prabhaav parr charcha kii. sampark key vibhinn pahaluon koo rekhaankit karane key baad, stall nott kartaa haye kii bhasha mein aupchaarik niyamon kaa vichaar-joe kii ferdinand dee sausur dwara 1894 mein prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa aur 1957 mein nome chomsky dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa-kii utpatti europeeya roop seey panion vyaakaran key aupchaarik niyamon key sampark mein haye. vishesh roop seey, dee sausur, jinhone teen dashakon taka sanskrit parr vyakhyan diyaa, way paanini aur bhartrihari seey prabhaavit hoe sakate hain; sanket mein sanket-sanket kii ekataa kaa unakaa vichaar kuchh hudd taka sphot kii dhaarana seey milata-julata haye. isase bhee mahatvapurna baat yeh haye kii yeh vichaar kii aupchaarik niyamon koo tark yaa ganit key baahar key kshetron mein lagu kiya jaa sakata haye, sanskrit vyaakaranvidon key kaam key saath europe key sampark seey utprerit hoe sakata haye.
sosar.
panini aur baad mein bhaaratiya bhashavid bhartrihari kaa sanskrit key professor ferdinand dee sausure dwara prastaavit kaee moolbhoot vichaaron parr mahatvapurna prabhaav padaa, jinhen vyaapak roop seey aadhunik sanrachanaatmak bhashavigyan kaa janak maanaa jaataa haye. doosari taraf, ardh-vigyaan key liye, halanki upayog kii jaane vaali avadharana ardhvigyaan thee. sausur ney swayam apane kuchh vichaaron parr bhaaratiya vyaakaran key prabhaav kaa hawala diyaa. 1879 mein prakaashit apane "memoir sur leey systeme premitiff days voiless dance less langs indo-europeness" ("indo-europeeya bhaashaon mein swaron kii mool pranali parr sansmaran") mein, unhone bhaaratiya vyaakaran kaa ullekh apane vichaar parr ack prabhaav key roop mein kiya haye kii "cumm kiye gaye aurist ack maukhik varg key apurnon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain."1881 mein prakaashit apane" "dee ell amploy doo ganituff absolute aine sunscreet" "(" "sanskrit mein aanuvanshik nirpeksh key upayog parr" ") mein, unhone vishesh roop seey panini kaa ullekh kaary parr prabhaav key roop mein kiya haye.
1998 mein panini key vyaakaran key german anuvaad key punarmudran sanskaran kii apani prastaavana mein, prem sinh ney nishkarsh nikala kii "panini key kaam kaa prabhaav indo-europeeya bhashavigyan parr vibhinn adhyayanon mein dikhaai detaa haye" aur yeh kii "kaee maulik kaary dimag mein aatey hain", jisamen sausur key kaam aur vishleshan shamil hain joe "swaryantra siddhant koo janm diyaa", aage kahate hueh "iss prakaar kaa sanrachanaatmak vishleshan panini key vishleshanatmak shikshan seey prabhaav kaa sujhaav detaa haye."halanki, george cardona ney aadhunik bhashavigyan parr paanini key prabhaav koo adhik aankalan key khilaf chetavani deeh" halanki sausur una poorvavartiyon koo bhee sandarbhit kartaa haye jinhone iss paninion niyam koo dhyaan mein rakhaa thaa, yeh nishkarsh nikaalana uchit haye kii vaha paanini key kaam seey seedhe parichit they. jahan taka main sosser key "memoir" koo phir seey padhane parr samajh sakata huun, haalaanki, yeh panion vyaakaran kaa koee pratyaksh prabhaav naheen dikhaata haye. vaastav mein, iss avsar parr, sosser ack aise maarg kaa anusaran kartaa haye joe paninion prakriya key vipareet haye."
leonard bloomfield.
americi sanrachnawad key sansthaapak, leonard bloomfield ney 1927 mein "panini key kuchh niyamon parr" sheershak seey ack pepper likhaa thaa.
rishi rajpopat.
rishi rajpopat ney 2021 mein apane phd thesis mein niyam sanghrshon koo hull karane kii ack saral pranali koo design karke paanini kii "bhasha machine" kii gahari samajh koo vistaar seey bataaya.
aadhunik aupchaarik pranaliyon key saath tulanaa.
panini kaa vyaakaran duniya kii pahali aupchaarik pranali haye, joe 19veen shatabdi key gottlob freeze key navacharon aur baad mein ganitiya tark key vikas seey pahale vikasit hui thee. apane vyaakaran koo design karane mein, paanini ney "sahayak prateekon" kii vidhi kaa upayog kiya, jisamen nae sanlagnak vaakya rachana shreniyon aur vyaakaranik vyutpattiyon key niyantran koo chihnit karane key liye naamit kiye gaye hain. logician emil post dwara punah khoji gaee yeh takneek computer prograaming bhaashaon key design mein ack maanak vidhi bunn gaee. sanskritvaadi abb sweekaar karate hain kii paanini key bhashai tantra koo ack "lagu" pada pranali key roop mein achchi tarah seey varnit kiya gayaa haye. kaafee pramaan sandarbh-samvedansheel vyakaranon kii pracheen mahaarat aur kaee jatil samasyaon koo hull karane kii samanya kshamata koo darshaate hain. frits stall ney likhaa haye kii "panini bhaaratiya euclid haye."
anya kaary.
dou saahityik kritiyon kaa shreya paanini koo diyaa jaataa haye, halanki way abb khou gaye hain.
paanini key karyon seey sambandhit kaee ganitiya kaary hain. paanini ney apane dinn key gyaat vyaakaranik roopon koo vyavasthit tareeke seey vyavasthit karane key liye kaee vichaaron key saath aage aae. kissy bhee ganitshastri kii tarah joe ganitiya bhasha mein ack gyaat ghatana kaa model banaata haye, paanini ney ack dhaatu bhasha kaa nirmaan kiya aur yeh beejganit key aadhunik vichaaron key bahut karib haye. bhaskar compella dwara "paanini key ashtadhyaayi kii ganitiya sanrachanaaen" dekhein.