
propolis

 
propolis yaa madhumakkhi gond ack reginus mishran haye jise shahad kii madhumakkhiyan laar aur mome koo pedh kii kaliyon, russ pravaah yaa anya vanaspati sroton seey ekatra kiye gaye exudate key saath milakar paida karati hain. iska upayog madhumakkhi key chhatte mein avaanchhit khule sthaanon key liye ack muhar key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. propolis kaa upayog chhote antaral (aspas yaa cumm) key liye kiya jaataa haye, jabaki madhumakkhi key sthaan (aspas) seey badey antaral aamtaur parr barr kanghi seey bharey hotey hain. iska rung isake vanaspati srot key aadhar parr badalata haye, jisamen sabse aam roop seey gahara bhura hotaa haye. propolis oopar chipchipa hotaa haye, jabaki cumm tapman parr, yeh kathor aur bhangur hoe jaataa haye.
chaara ugaate samay, karyakarta madhumakkhiyan mukhya roop seey parag aur amrit kii kataai karati hain, jabaki propolis key utpaadan key liye aavashyak paani aur paudhe key raal koo bhee ekatra karati hain. propolis kii rasayanik sanrachana aur prakriti paryavaraniya sthitiyon aur kataai kiye gaye sansadhanon parr nirbhar karati haye.
prakaar.
madhyam jalavaayu vaale europeeya deshon mein paae jaane vaale propolis key mishrit prakaron mein dou yaa dou seey adhik paudhon key regin (paudhe kii prajaatiyan) shamil hain, jinhen sanrachana dwara pahachaana jaataa haye, jaise kii espen, bhoomadhyasagariya, poppler, prashant, brazilian haraa, brazilian laal aur mangifera prakaar key propolis.
uddeshya.
madhumakkhiyan coloney koo barish aur thhande sardiyon key draft jaise tatvon seey bachaane key liye propolis key saath madhumakhiyon key chhatte koo seal curr detee hain.
propolis karyon mein shamil hoe sakate hainh
rachana.
propolis kii sanrachana chhatte seey laker chhatte taka, jile seey jile aur mausam seey mausam mein bhinn hoti haye. aam taur parr, yeh gahare bhoore rung kaa hotaa haye, lekin yeh vishesh chhatte kshetra mein paae jaane vaale raal key sroton key aadhar parr harey, laal, kaale aur safed rangon mein paaya jaa sakata haye. madhu makkhiyan avasarvaadi hain, joe upalabdh sroton seey unaki aavashyakta koo ikattha karati hain, aur vistrit vishleshan seey pataa chalata haye kii propolis kii rasayanik sanrachana vanaspati key saath-saath kshetra seey kshetra mein kaafee bhinn hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, uttari samshitoshna jalavaayu mein, madhumakkhiyan pedon seey regin ekatra karati hain, jaise kii poppler aur shankudhari (pedon mein regin kii javic bhoomika ghaavon koo seal karna aur bacteria, kavak aur keedon seey bachaav karna haye). "vishisht" uttari samshitoshna propolis mein lagbhag 50 ghatak hotey hain, mukhya roop seey regin aur vanaspati balsam (50 pratishat), mome (30 pratishat), aavashyak tail (10 pratishat), aur parag (5 pratishat). chean key henan seey propolis key vishleshan mein synapinic acid, isopherulic acid, caffic acid aur crycine paaya gayaa.
neotropical kshetron mein, pedon kii ack badee vividhata key alawa, madhumakkhiyan "clucia" aur "delechampia" vansh mein foolon seey raal bhee ikattha curr sakati hain, joe paraganakon koo aakarshit karane key liye pushp raal kaa utpaadan karane vaali ekmatra gyaat paadap vansh hain. "clucia" raal mein polyprenyl benzophanone hotey hain. chilly aur argentine aur asiai ghaatiyon key kuchh kshetron mein, propolis mein visidone, "backeris" jhaadiyon seey ack terpene aur 4-hydroxy-3,5-deprenyl cinamic acid jaise prenelated acid hotey hain.
kull milakar, flavonoids, phenolic acid aur phenolic aldehyde samanya ghatak hain, jabaki cumerin, stillbane aur lignan cumm aam hain.
upayog karein.
paaramparik chikitsa.
propolis kaa upayog paaramparik chikitsa mein kiya gayaa haye, jisamen kissy bhee bimari key upchaar mein isaki prabhavsheelta kaa mulyankan karane key liye aparyaapt pramaan hain.
sangeet vaadyayantra.
propolis kaa upayog kuchh taar-vaadya nirmaataon (violine, vayala, cello aur baas) dwara warnish ghatak key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. propolis key ack tincture kaa upayog nae baney violine parivaar key pulon kii satah koo seal karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, aur paine bansuri tubes key boor key rakharkhaav mein upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. 
yeh daavaa kii antonio stradivari ney apane vaadyayantron key warnish mein propolis kaa upayog kiya thaa, 2009 mein galat saabit huaa thaa.