
ellen winton

ellen winton (16 march 1910-26 navambar 1983) ack british patrakaar, yuddh samvaadaata, film abhineta, maanavvigyaani aur communist karyakarta they, joe koriyai yuddh aur cheeni kranti key apane coverage key liye sabse ullekhaniya they. 1950 mein, winton ney "aaee seed dha trooth inn koria" likhaa, ack yuddh-virodhi parcha jisamen dakshin koriyai pulis dwara nishpaadit nagrikon kii saamoohik kabron key photographic saboot hain. iss parche key prakaashan key kaaran british sarkaar ney iss baat parr bahas kii kii kyaa winton parr rajdroh kaa mukadama chalaaya jaanaa chaahiye, ack aisaa aarop jisamen maut kii sajaa thee, halanki isake bajaay apane passport koo navinikrit karane seey incar karke usey rajyaviheen banaane kaa nirnay liya gayaa thaa.
grate britten kii communist party (see. pee. jee. bee.) key sadasya aur "dainik karyakarta" key liye ack asiai samvaadaata key roop mein, winton ney chean kii yatra kii aur cheeni communist party dwara kimiti kii haar dekhi. abb chean mein rahate hue, vaha maao jedong, jhou enlai, liu shaoki aur jhu dee sahit kaee pramukh cheeni raajnetaon key karib hoe gaye. koriyai yuddh key dauran unhone wilfred burchet key saath milkar kaam kiya, kyonki uttar key drishtikon seey yuddh koo cover karane vaale kewal dou angreji bhashi patrakaar they. winton ney cheeni aur uttari koriyai balon dwara kabja kiye gaye british aur americi dhanushon key saath uchit vyavhaar koo surakshit karane mein madad kii.
abb sthaayi roop seey chean mein rahane vaale, winton ney dakshin-paschim chean mein alag-thalag kshetron kaa ack nrivigyaan adhyayan kiya. unhone cheeni communist party dwara gulami key unmoolan kaa dastavejikaran karane key liye sichuan mein norsu kshetra kii yatra kii, mukt kiye gaye daason aur poorv mukhya shikariyon kaa sakshatkar liya, joe ack norsu samudaay key bheetar rahane aur jeevit lautane vaale pahale europeeya baney. way vaa logon key beach bhee rahate they, unake shamanon aur shikariyon kaa sakshatkar lete they. unake nishkarsh unaki pustak 'slaves off dha coole mountain' (1959) mein prakaashit hue they. winton ney dalaai laama aur panchen laama donon key sammaanit atithi key roop mein tibbat kii yatra kii, joe anubhav unhone yatra-lekh "tibbat" (1957) mein darj kiye they. cheeni communists aur tibbati bauddh donon key saath unaki sakaratmak pratishtha ney winton koo 1950 key dashak mein adhikansh anya patrakaron kii tulanaa mein tibbati jeevan mein adhik antardrishti praapt karane kii sthiti mein rakhaa. cheeni rajneeti seey mohbhang honey aur lagaatar utpeedan kaa saamana karane key baad, unhone 1960 mein hairi polit kii madad seey chean chhod diyaa aur purvi germany chaley gaye. unhone apana shesh jeevan purvi germany mein aparaadh-kathaa, bachchon kii pustakon key lekhak key roop mein kaam karate hue aur vibhinn filmon mein ack film abhineta key roop mein abhinay karate hue bitaaya. unaki aatmakatha "breakfast vid maao" (1986) maranoparant prakaashit hui thee.
vartamaan mein winton key kaam kaa upayog kaaryakartaon aur itihaskaron dwara agami shaanti udyaan kii taiyari mein taizon mein saamoohik kabron key sthaan koo ujagar karane key liye kiya jaa rhaa haye.
praarambhik carrier.
halanki winnington ack shramik varg key parivaar seey they, unhone assex mein niji chigwell school mein chhatravritti jeeti. haalaanki, unaki shramik-varg kii prishthabhoomi aur chhatravritti key madhyam seey unake pravesh key kaaran, chigwell key karmchaariyon aur chhatron donon dwara unake saath bhedbhaav kiya gayaa thaa.
winnington ney sweekaar kiya kii apani yuvavastha mein unhone avasaad key dauran nakali chaandi key sikke banaakar apana jeevan yapan kiya.
winton 1934 key aspas grate britten (see. pee. jee. bee.) british communist party kii communist party key sadasya bunn gaye. pramukh british communist hairi polit key saath charcha key madhyam seey party koo khojane key baad way walthamsto mein ack shakha sachiv bunn gaye. national union off journalists key saath press paas arjit karane key baad, winton see. pee. jee. bee. key press adhikaari baney aur unhein chhah saal key liye "dainik karyakarta" (baad mein "dha morning starr" naam diyaa gayaa) kaa mukhya sampaadak niyukt kiya gayaa. 1948 mein winton ney cheeni communist party kii soochana sevaaon koo salah dene key liye chean kii yatra kii. way cheeni grihyuddh key antim charanon mein peepuls liberation armi key saath they. iss samay key aspas unhone beijing mein shinhua samachar vibhaag key saath kaam karna shuru kiya.
koriyai yuddh-"maine koria mein sachchai dekhi.
1950 mein winton koriyai yuddh mein communist balon key saath jaane vaale kewal dou paschimi angreji bhashi samvaaddaataon mein seey ack bunn gaye, doosara australiyai patrakaar wilfred burchet thaa. yuddh samvaaddaataon key apane adhyayan key bheetar, patrakaarita key professor phillip nightly ney likhaa kii "berschet aur winton sanyukt rashtra soochana adhikaariyon kii tulanaa mein samacharon kaa ack behtar srot they, aur yadi sahayogi samvaadaata unhein naheen dekhate they tou unhein kahaaniyon parr peeta jaane kaa khatra thaa. berchet aur winton jaise communist patrakaron key saath sanchaar parr pratibandh key bavjood, kaee british aur americi patrakaron ney pratibandh koo nazarandaj curr diyaa, kyonki communist paksh kii unaki reports koo bahut moolyavaan aur yaad karane key liye mahatvapurna aur aadhikarik yuu. aine. sroton kii tulanaa mein adhik bharosemand maanaa jaataa thaa. 1951 mein kesong mein koriyai yuddh shaanti vaarta key dauran winton burchet key saath bhee maujood they.
agast 1950 mein winton ney "aaee seed dha trooth inn koria" sheershak seey ack parcha prakaashit kiya, jisamen saamoohik kabristanon key photographic sakshya they, jisamen tejon key paas dakshin koriyai pulis dwara maar diye gaye 7,000 nagrikon key shav they. winton key parche seey sharminda, british sarkaar key mantrimandal ney bahas kii kii kyaa way una parr "rajdroh" kaa aarop lagaa sakate hain, joe doshi paae jaane parr maut kii sajaa kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. una parr koria mein british yuddh kaidiyon seey poochtaachh mein shamil honey kaa bhee aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. halanki winton ney koria mein communist balon dwara pakade gaye kaee british dhanushon seey mulakat kii aur unakaa sakshatkar kiya aur unaki sthitiyon koo sudhaarne mein madad kii, lekin unamen seey kissy ney bhee kabhi iss baat kii pushti naheen kii kii winton ney poochtaachh mein bhaag liya thaa.
1999 mein americi sainya abhilekhagar koo avargeekrit karane vaali ack jaanch ney baad mein winton key daavon kii pushti kii kii vaastav mein taizon key paas dakshin koriyai balon dwara nagrikon kaa saamoohik nishpaadan kiya gayaa thaa jaisa kii "maine koria mein sachchai dekhi" key bheetar pralekhit kiya gayaa thaa."
cheeni gulami aur sir key shikaar kaa adhyayan.
1954 mein winnington key passport kii avadhi samaapt hoe gaee aur british sarkari adhikaariyon dwara unakaa navinikaran naheen kiya gayaa, jisase way vastutah rajyaviheen hoe gaye (halanki antatah 1968 mein iska navinikaran kiya gayaa). britten lautane mein asamarth honey parr unhone chean mein rehna jaari rakhane kaa faisala kiya. dakshin chean mein gulamon key swaamitva vaale samajon kii khabar sunane key baad, joe cheeni grihyuddh aur saamyavaadi kranti seey lagbhag achhoote they, way jaanch karane key liye nickle padey. daas-swaamitva vaale samajon kii jaanch karane kii apani yatra key dauran unhone vaa logon key mukhya shikariyon aur apekshaakrit shantipurna jingpa (jingpo) seey poochtaachh karane key liye chean-barma seema kii bhee yatra kii. unake nishkarsh "shaant pahaadon key daasah dakshin-paschim chean mein shikaar karane vaalon aur gulam maalikon key beach yatra" sheershak seey ack maanav vigyaan adhyayan mein prakaashit hue they."
gulami.
chean key dakshin-paschim mein sichuan aur yunnan key beach liangshan (shaabdik roop seey 'thhande pahaad') mein, yee logon key beach gulami aur kuleenata kii ack jatil pranali maujood thee (jise aksar lolo, nuosu kahaa jaataa haye, halanki winton unhein norsu kahate they). yee logon koo "teen samajik vargon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa; nuohuo" yaa kaalaa yee (kuleen), "kunuo" yaa safed yee (aam loga), aur gulam. shwet yee swatantra they aur gulamon aur sampatti key malik they lekin ack swami seey bandhe they. liangshan mein huns sahit anya jaatiya samoohon koo yee dwara gulam key roop mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1950 key dashak key dauran cheeni communist party ney graameen chean mein gulami kii pratha koo samaapt karane kaa prayaas kiya, ack aisee prakriya jise winton ney apane lekhan mein darj kiya. haalaanki, jeevan key tareeke key roop mein gulami samaaj key bheetar itani gaharaai seey nihit thee kii logon koo, jisamen swayam kaee gulam bhee shamil they, yeh samajhaane mein varshon lugg gaye kii gulami kii pranali koo samaapt kiya jaa sakata haye. liangshi mein apane samay key dauran, winton ney maheenon taka gulamon, daas maalikon, aam logon aur kuleen varg sahit sabhi samajik vargon key yee logon kaa sakshatkar kiya.
sir-shikaar.
liangshan mein maheenon key baad, winton ney vaa logon seey milane key liye chean aur barma key beach kii seema kii yatra kii, jinamen seey kaee sir-shikaar kaa abhyaas karate they aur fasal key vikas koo badhaava dene key prayaas mein tokri mein sir katkar rakhate they. winnington ney likhaa kii jaba taka vaha kaee sir-shikariyon sahit doubleu. aeye. kaa sakshatkar aur record karane mein saksham they, taba taka sir-shikaar kii pratha pahale seey hii samaapt honey kii prakriya mein thee. winnington ney paaya kii jinn logon kaa unhone sakshatkar liya unamen seey kaee ney sir-shikaar koo ack sharmanak aur sharmanak pratha key roop mein dekhaa jise samaapt hotey dekh unhein khushi hogi.
purvi germany mein jeevan.
cheeni rajneeti seey mohbhang honey aur lagaatar utpeedan kaa saamana karane key baad, unhone 1960 mein hairi polit kii madad seey chean chhod diyaa aur purvi germany chaley gaye. winton "dainik shramik" purvi berlin samvaadaata key roop mein germany pahunche. isake bajaay unake parivaar aur bachchon ney winton key binaa britten kii yatra kii. unhone germany mein ack nayaa parivaar shuru kiya aur ursula whitbroad naamak ack mahila seey shaadi kii, joe baad mein 1967 mein ursula winton bunn gaee. germany mein rahate hue, unhone "dainik karyakarta" key liye ack videshi samvaadaata key roop mein aur kabhi-kabhi purvi german sarkaar key liye asiai rajneeti parr ack salaahkaar key roop mein kaam kiya.
unhone ack patrakaar key roop mein apane kaam key saath-saath kathaa lekhan shuru kiya, jyaadaatar aparaadh-kathaa shally key upanyaas.
1980 mein, winton ney apani aatmakatha, "breakfast vid maao" likhi, joe 1983 mein unaki mrityu key baad 1986 mein maranoparant prakaashit hui thee.

