aanvik sanshodhan

aanvik sanshodhan ack gyaat aur pahale seey visheshta vaale seesa yaugik kaa rasayanik parivartan haye joe ack dawa key roop mein isaki upayogita koo badhaane key uddeshya seey haye. iska matlab yeh hoe sakata haye kii kissy vishesh shareer lakshya sthal key liye isaki vishishtata koo badhaana, isaki shakti koo badhaana, isaki darr aur avashoshan kii seema mein sudhaar karna, shareer mein isake samay pathyakram kaa laabh uthaane key liye sanshodhit karna, isaki vishaaktata koo cumm karna, isake bhautik yaa rasayanik gunon (jaise ghulansheelata) koo badalana vaanchhit visheshataaen pradaan karane key liye.
jall ghulansheelata key liye sanshodhan.
aanvik sanshodhan kaa upayog dawa kii sanrachana mein paani mein ghulansheel samoohon koo shamil karke usaki jall ghulansheelata koo badhaane key liye kiya jaataa haye. seesa yaugik kii sanrachana mein jall ghulansheel samoohon kii shuruat kii charcha koo aasaani seey chaar samanya kshetron mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haih
samooh kaa prakaar.
dhruviya karyatmak samoohon, jaise kii alcohol, amine, amide, carboxylic acid, sulphonic acid aur phosphat samoohon kaa samavesh, joe yaa tou aayanit hotey hain yaa paani (hydrogen bandhan) key saath aakarshan key apekshaakrit majboot antar-aanvik balon mein saksham hotey hain, key parinamswarup aamtaur parr jall ghulansheelata mein vriddhi hogi. amleeya aur buniyaadi samooh vishesh roop seey upayogi hain, kyonki inn samoohon kaa upayog lavan banaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, joe antim utpaad key liye khuraak roopon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala dega. haalaanki, ack acid samooh koo ack aadhar yaa ack aadhar samooh vaali sanrachana mein ack acid samooh key roop mein shamil karane seey jall ghulansheelata cumm hoe sakati haye. carboxylic acid ester, eril halides aur alkill halides jaise kamjor dhruviya samoohon kii shuruat seey paani kii ghulansheelata mein kaafee sudhaar naheen hoga aur isake parinamswarup lipid ghulansheelata mein vriddhi hoe sakati haye.
ack seesa sanrachana mein amleeya avasheshon key samavesh seey gatividhi key prakaar mein badalaav kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye, lekin isake parinamswarup haemolitic gunon kaa pradarshan karane vaale analogue hoe sakate hain. isake alawa, ack sugandhit acid samooh kii shuruat key parinamswarup aamtaur parr virodhi-soojan gatividhi hoti haye, jabaki ack alfa karyatmak samooh key saath carboxylic acid chealeting agent key roop mein kaary curr sakate hain. buniyaadi jall ghulansheel samoohon mein kriya key tareeke koo badalane kii pravritti hoti haye, kyonki aadhar aksar neurotransmitter aur amine seey judee javic prakriyaon mein hastakshep karate hain. haalaanki, unake samavesh kaa matlab haye kii analogue koo acid lavanon kii ack vistrit vividhata key roop mein taiyar kiya jaa sakata haye. gair-aayaneekaran samoohon mein amleeya aur mool samoohon key nuksan naheen hain.
prativarti aur aparivartaniya roop seey sanlagn samooh.
chayanit samooh kaa prakaar bhee aavashyak sthaayitva kii degree parr nirbhar kartaa haye. cumm pratikriyaasheel see-see, see-oh aur see-aine bandhanon dwara seesa yaugik key carbon kankal seey seedhe bandhe samooh seesa sanrachana seey aparivartaniya roop seey judey honey kii sambhavana rakhate hain.
ester, amide, phosphat, sulfate aur glycosidic bonned dwara seese seey judey samoohon koo parinami analogue seey chayapachaya kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye taaki mool seesa yaugik mein sudhaar kiya jaa sakey kyonki analogue koo isake prashaasan key bindu seey isake kaary sthal parr sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye. iss prakaar key ghulansheel samooh vaale yaugik prodrugs key roop mein kaary curr rahey hain aur isaliye unaki gatividhi mool seesa yaugik key samaan honey kii adhik sambhavana haye. haalaanki, ghulansheel samooh key nuksan kii darr sthanantaran maarg kii prakriti parr nirbhar karegi, aur yeh dawa kii gatividhi koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye.
jall ghulansheel samooh kii sthiti.
seesa yaugik dwara pradarshit gatividhi key prakaar koo sanrakshit karane key liye, jall ghulansheel samooh koo sanrachana key usa hisse seey jodaa jaanaa chaahiye joe dawa-grahankarta kii baatchit mein shamil naheen haye. natijatan, ack nae jall ghulansheel samooh koo pesh karane key liye upayog kiya jaane vaalaa maarg aur seesa sanrachana mein isaki sthiti pharmophore aur baaki anu kii saapeksh pratikriyashilta parr nirbhar karegi. nae jall ghulansheel samooh koo pesh karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale abhikarmakon koo iss aadhar parr chunaa jaanaa chaahiye kii way pharmophore key saath yaa usake nikat pratikriya naheen karate hain. isase nae samooh key praasangik dawa-grahankarta antahkriya koo prabhaavit karane kii sambhavana cumm hoe jaayegi.
parichay key tareeke.
jall ghulansheel samoohon koo sabse achchha ack dawa sanshleshan kii shuruat mein pesh kiya jaataa haye, halanki unhein kissy bhee charan mein pesh kiya jaa sakata haye. shuruat mein parichay baad mein parichay kii samasya seey bachaata haye joe dawa-grahankarta kii baatchit key prakaar aur/yaa prakriti koo badal detaa haye. jall ghulansheel samooh koo pesh karane key liye vibhinn prakaar key maargon kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye; ack chayanit samooh key prakaar aur lakshya sanrachana kii rasayanik prakriti parr nirbhar karega. inmein seey kaee maargon parr jall ghulansheel samooh yaa seesa sanrachana kii avaanchhit pratikriyaon koo rokane key liye surakshaatmak agents key upayog kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
amleeya aur mool samooh.
jall ghulansheel sanrachanaon key udaaharan aur unhein seesa sanrachanaon mein shamil karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale maarg. oh-alkylation, aine-alkylation, oh-assilation aur aine-assilation pratikriyaon kaa upayog amleeya aur mool donon samoohon koo pesh karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. acetylation vidhiyaan upayukt acid chloride aur enhydride donon kaa upayog karati hain.
jall ghulansheel sanrachanaon key udaaharan aur unhein seesa sanrachanaon mein shamil karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale maarg. phosphat acid halides kaa upayog phosphat samoohon koo seesa sanrachanaon mein shamil karane key liye kiya gayaa haye. hydroxy samoohon vaali sanrachanaon koo sambandhit monochlorinated hydrine kii pratikriya aur anya tarikon key beach upayukt apoxide key upayog seey pesh kiya gayaa haye. sulphonic acid samoohon koo yaa tou pratyaksh sulphonation yaa anya tarikon key beach pratikriyaasheel see = see bandhan mein bisulfite key jodd dwara pesh kiya jaa sakata haye.

