
pulo dee altamura

pulo dee altamura ack doleen haye joe merge pathaar (apulia, itali) parr sthit haye. yeh usa kshetra mein sabse badaa doleen haye aur yeh altamura shahar key lagbhag uttar-paschim mein sthit haye. yeh kshetra key anya badey doline key saath sthaaniya topnem "pulo" koo saajha kartaa haye.ee. "pulichiyo dee gravina", "pulo dee molpheta" aur "" pulichiyo dee torrito "". 
ayam.
doleen key kinare parr maapi jaane vaali paridhi, aspas haye. badaa vyaas abit seey badaa hotaa haye aur yeh kabhi bhee usase cumm naheen hotaa haye. gaharaai aspas haye.
vyutpatti.
pulo" sheershnam kii vyutpatti vartamaan mein agyaat haye. iska upayog kewal merge pathaar mein ack dolin koo darshaane key liye kiya jaataa haye, jabaki yeh apulia key anya kshetron mein aprayukt haye. iss shabd kaa upayog paas key dolines, pulichiyo dee gravina, aur pulichiyo dee torito ("pulichiyo" kaa arth haye chhota "pulo") key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye, aur yeh 17veen shatabdi mein pramaanit kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki 1688 mein domenico santoro ney "logo detto daali sittadini low" (altamura logon dwara 'pulo' naamak sthaan) likhaa thaa.
kuchh bhuvaigyaanikon ney slavonic shabd "polje" (jiska arth haye "kshetra" aur joe badey sapaat sthaanon seey yukt carst roopon koo darshaata haye) key saath ack sanyojan kaa ullekh kiya, joe "pulo" seey kuchh alag darshaate hue, isake saath ack samanya mool hoe sakata haye. samaan roop seey sambhav haye kii ack indo-europeeya samanya mool "* poul" ("khula") seey haye. phir bhee, yeh sambhavana naheen haye kii donon shabdon key beach ack sambandh hoe sakata haye, khaskar aggar yeh pataa chalata haye kii topnem "polje" apekshaakrit halia haye.
vaigyaanik anusandhaan.
lorenzo gistiniani ney apane kaam "diazionario geographico dell regno dee napoli" (1797) mein sujhaav diyaa kii pulo dee altamura "bhoomigat aag" () aur bhookampon seey utpann huaa hoga, iss prakaar ack vivartanik aur jwalamukhiya utpatti kii parikalpana kii gaee haye. 
isase pahale, kuchh anya vaigyaanikon aur bhuvaigyaanikon ney kewal altamura key paas ack praakritik guha kaa hawala diyaa thaa. prakritivaadi guseppe maria gioven (1784) ney dekhaa kii, pulo dee molpheta key vipareet, pulo dee altamura kii gufaaon mein namak naheen thaa. anya logon key beach, flores (1899) ney kahaa kii unhone "altamura key paas sthit ack badey dolin" key baare mein sunaa thaa. tii. vespasiani (1901) ney bhee doleen kaa hawala diyaa.
pulo dee altamura (taba taka bhuvaigyaanikon aur prakritividon key beach poori tarah seey agyaat) parr pahala gahan vaigyaanik adhyayan carmello colamonic (1917) dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone pahali baar dolin kii utpatti key baare mein ack susangat vaigyaanik siddhant taiyar kiya thaa.
utpatti aur vikas.
iss doleen kii utpatti key baare mein kuchh parikalpanaaen taiyar kii gaee hain, jinamen seey kuchh dusaron kii tulanaa mein adhik prashansaniya hain, lekin unamen seey lagbhag sabhi carst prakriyaon parr adharit hain. kuchh chhadm vaigyaanik siddhant galat tareeke seey ulkapind yaa anirdisht avakraman ghatana key liye doleen kii utpatti kaa pataa lagaate hain.
pulo dee altamura kii utpatti key saath-saath apulia pulichiyo dee gravina, pulo dee molpheta, gurio lamanna, grave tray paduli mein anya dolines kii utpatti koo aasaani seey carst prakriyaon key madhyam seey samajhaaya jaa sakata haye, joe kii merge pathaar kii bhaari khandit choona patthar kii chattan parr varsha jall kii dohri kriya (yaantrik aur rasayanik) haye.
limeston chattan apane aap mein atyadhik abhedya haye, lekin yadi bhaari roop seey khandit hoe jaati haye, tou yeh uchch pargamyata pradarshit karati haye, jisase varsha jall ghuspaith curr sakata haye, chattan kaa bhautik roop seey ksharan curr sakata haye aur isake saath rasayanik roop seey pratikriya bhee curr sakata haye.
yahee kaaran haye kii merge pathaar kaa kshetra lagbhag harr jagah atyadhik pargamya haye. iss shushk kshetra mein, nadiyaan aur jheelen adhik durlabh hain, jinhen tathaakathit laama dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye, joe kii muraj mein bahut aam haye. varsha jall key kataav key kaaran laama khurr hotey hain aur way nadiyon key saath bhramit hotey hain. laama mein, varsha jall kii kull matra kaa kewal ack chhota saa ansh isake oopar bahata haye, jabaki shesh bhaag bhoomigat jall key roop mein ghuspaith kartaa haye aur bhoomigat pravaahit hotaa haye, lagbhag usee disha (kshaitij roop seey) kaa anusaran kartaa haye joe laama key roop mein haye.
pulo dee altamura ack vishal varsha jall nikasi besin kaa sabse nichala bindu haye. jall nikasi besin kaa varsha jall dou mukhya laamaon key madhyam seey pulo dee altamura taka pahunchata haye, ack uttar-poorv kii disha mein aur doosara uttar-paschim kii disha mein.
pulo dee altamura kaa jall nikasi besin itna badaa haye kii ise carmello colamonic dwara paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye "apulia mein sabse badey avashoshan kshetron mein seey ack". anta bindu seey bahane vaale paani kii matra sahasraabdiyon seey bunny haye, doleen, donon chattanon koo yaantrik roop seey aur rasayanik roop seey bhang curr rhaa haye.
isake alawa, 1917 mein, carmello colamonic ney pahali baar parikalpana kii kii ack pahale seey maujood gufa (ack sinkhole key roop mein kaary) dhaha gaee hogi, jisase dolin kaa nirmaan huaa hoga. iss mamle mein, doleen tathaakathit "patan doleen" kii shreni mein aataa haye. phir bhee, iss tarah seey utpann bhoovaigyaanik bhoo-aakriti itani chhoti hoti kii dolin key gathan kii vyakhya karane key liye carst kaarravaai aavashyak hoti.
maanav upasthiti.
lagbhag urdhvaadhar, doleen key uttari bhaag mein kaee krainiyaan aur praakritik gufaayen hain, jinamen shayed hominid aur pragaitihasik manushya rahate hain. pulo dee altamura key bahut karib ack kshetra mein altamura aadami kii khoj kii gaee thee.
domenico santoro ney apane nibandh "altamura shahar kaa vivaran" (1688) mein likhaa haye kii montevergine key sant villium, dollin key uttari hisse mein ack gufa mein ack sannyasi key roop mein rahate they, halanki unake bayaan key praathamik srot vartamaan mein agyaat hain.
gufaayen.
pulo dee altamura mein teen gufaayen hain, i.ee. "grota dell colombo", "grota dell 'ambroglio" aur "grota dell' orco", isake uttari bhaag mein sthit hain. 
vanaspati aur jeev.
isaki divaaron key vishesh aakar aur unake saath aur doleen key krainiyon mein bahut vishesh sookshm jalavaayu key kaaran, iska nivaas sthaan kaee prajaatiyon (jaanvaron aur paudhon) key liye aadarsh haye, joe aam taur parr merge pathaar parr asamanya hain. udaaharan key liye, aam kaua una prajaatiyon mein seey ack haye joe pulo dee altamura kii khadee aur abhedya divaaron parr ghonsala banaati haye.