isosorbide

isosorbide diols aur oxygen yukt vishamkoshikaon key samooh seey ack cyclic rasayanik yaugik haye, jisamen dou fused furan rings hotey hain. isosorbide key liye praarambhik samagri dee-sorbitol haye, joe dee-glucose key utprerak hydrogenkaran dwara praapt kii jaati haye, joe badale mein starch key jall apghatan dwara utpaadit hoti haye. isosorbide koo ack paadap-adharit munch rasayan key roop mein charcha kii jaati haye jisase vibhinn karyakshamtaon key jaiv apghataniya vyutpann praapt kiye jaa sakate hain.
2020 mein, yeh 5 million seey adhik prescription key saath sanyukt raajya america mein 114veen sabse adhik nirdhaarit dawa thee.
utpaadan.
glucose key hydrogenikaran seey sorbitol milata haye. isosorbide dee-sorbitol key acid-utprerit nirjalikaran dwara praapt kiya jaataa haye joe monocyclic furanoid sorbitton detaa haye, joe aage nirjalikaran seey cyclic furofuran vyutpann isosorbide banaata haye.
abhikriya seey 30 seey 20 pratishat avaanchhaniya upa-utpaadon key alawa lagbhag 70 seey 80 pratishat isosorbide milata haye, jinhen aasavan, alcohol seey punah kristalikaran, pighalane seey punah kristalikaran, inn tarikon key sanyojan yaa vaashp charan seey jamaav dwara mahanga nikaalana padata haye. ack monomer key upayog key liye ack uchch shuddhata utpaad (> 99.8%) aavashyak haye jaba binaa rung key, uchch aanvik vajan vaale polymer praapt kiye jaayenge.
guna.
isosorbide ack safed, kristaliya, atyadhik hydrophilic thhos haye. vee-aakar kii saikil pranali mein dou maadhyamik hydroxy samoohon mein alag-alag rasayanik pratikriyashiltaon key liye alag-alag abhivinyas hotey hain. yeh isosorbide key chayanaatmak monoderivation kii anumati detaa haye. 5-sthiti mein hydroxy samooh "endo" unmukh haye aur nikatvarti furan ring mein oxygen paramanu key saath ack hydrogen bandhan banaata haye. yeh 5-sthiti mein hydroxy samooh koo 2-sthiti mein "exo" unmukh hydroxy samooh kii tulanaa mein adhik nucleophilic aur adhik pratikriyaasheel banaata haye; haalaanki, yeh steric roop seey maang karane vaale pratikriyaasheel key hamale seey adhik sanrakshit haye.
suraksha.
25. 8 graamake. jee. −1 (chuha, maukhik) key ell. dee. 50 moolya key saath, isosorbide dee-glucose key roop mein samaan roop seey gair-vishaile haye (25.8 graamake. jee. −1, chuha, maukhik key ell. dee. 50 key saath bhee) aur khaadya aur dawa prashaasan aff. dee. aeye. dwara grass ("aam taur parr surakshit key roop mein maanyata praapt") key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye.
upayog karein.
isosorbid.
isaki spasht hygroscopicity key kaaran, isosorbide kaa upayog humactant key roop mein aur dawa mein ausmotic mootravardhak (hydrocephalus key upchaar key liye) aur teevra konn-bund glucoma key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. dou dwiteeyak hydroxy samooh isosorbide koo ack bahumukhi munch rasayan banaate hain joe akshay sansadhanon seey sulabh haye. ack diol key roop mein, isosorbide koo carbonic rasayan vigyaan key maanak tarikon, jaise nitration, asterification, atherification, tocilation aadi kaa upayog karke mono-yaa biderivatise kiya jaa sakata haye.aur dilchasp gunon vaale yaugikon mein yaa nae polymer key liye monomeric ikaaiyon mein parivartit kiya gayaa.
isosorbide nitrates.
sankendrit nitric acid key saath isosorbide key nitration seey 2,5-isosorbide dinitrate (aaee. aiss. dee. aine.) praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. 2, 5-isosorbide dinitrate (isake pramukh chayapachaya 5-isosorbide mononitrate, isman kii tarah) isake vasodilator prabhaav key kaaran angina pectoris key upchaar key liye upayukt haye.
isosorbide ester.
fatty acid key saath isosorbide key asterification seey isosorbide monoester taka pahunch milati haye, joe gharelu cleaner, dishwashing detergent aur cosmetic taiyari mein detergent key roop mein upayogi hain, kyonki unake guna surfactant key roop mein hain. isi tarah aasaani seey upalabdh isosorbide diester kaa upayog pigment, preservative, polymer stabilizer key liye dispersent key roop mein, saundarya prasadhanon key liye payasi key roop mein aur vinail polymer (vishesh roop seey polyvinyl chloride, pee. vee. see.) key liye plasticiser key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. isosorbide dioctanoate isosorbide aur octanoic acid (udaaharan key liye, taad key tail seey praapt) kaa ack diester haye aur isaliye poori tarah seey jaiv-adharit nirmaan khandon seey banaaya jaataa haye aur kuchh samay key liye vishesh roop seey gair-vishaile utpaad key roop mein roquet frairs dwara polysorb (aar) ids 37 key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye.
isosorbide eather.
isosorbide eather (aur vishesh roop seey sabse saral pratinidhi, 2,5-dimethylisosorbide, sankshipt dee. aim. aaee.), kaa upayog cosmetic aur pharmaceutical taiyari key liye ack akshay vilaayak key roop mein, lithium-aayan sanchyakon key liye ack electrolyte yojak key roop mein aur deejal key liye ack eendhan yojak key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
isosorbide phosphat.
isosorbide key phosphoric acid vyutpannon koo helogen yukt jwala prativartakon key paryaavaran key anukool vikalp key roop mein khoja jaataa haye. abb taka, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclodone (aich. bee. see. dee.) kaa vyaapak roop seey nirmaan aur insulation kshetra mein extruded polystyrene phome (aiks. pee. aiss.) mein ack lau mandak key roop mein upayog kiya gayaa haye, lekin yeh maee 2013 mein nirmaan aur anuprayog seey pratibandhit aiss. vee. aich. see. (bahut uchch chinta kaa padaarth) key roop mein thaa. phosphorus-adharit isosorbide yaugik, jaise kii isosorbide biss (diaphenyl phosphat) [aaee. aiss. tii. pee.] koo ack pratisthaapan key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye.
150 degree celsius parr potasium carbonate kii upasthiti mein triphenyl phosphat key saath isosorbide key transterification dwara aaee. aiss. tii. pee. aasaani seey sulabh haye. 88 pratishat upaj mein praapt isosorbide-biss-diaphenyl phosphat mein lagbhag 20 pratishat diamer hotey hain. aaee. aiss. tii. pee. kaa uchch apghatan tapman aiks. pee. aiss. mein upayog kii anumati detaa haye, halanki uchch komalata prabhaav ack kamee haye. jwala mandata vishesh roop seey sulfur yukt sahakriyakariyon jaise biss (diphenylphosphenothine) diasulphide (bee. dee. pee. aiss.) kii upasthiti mein spasht hoti haye. yeh kewal 3 pratishat aaee. aiss. tii. pee. key saath agni suraksha (varg (varg kii nyuntam aavashyakta taka pahunchane kii anumati detaa haye.
isosorbide seey polymer.
isosorbide kii vibhinn polymer aur regin key utpaadan key liye ack sambhaavit munch rasayan key roop mein jaanch kii gaee haye. hydroxy samoohon koo tocillates aur azides key madhyam seey praathamik amino samoohon mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye yaa acrylonitrile key jodd key baad hydrogenkaran koo sambandhit eminopropyl vyutpannon mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye. baad vaale mein polyurethane kii taiyari key liye, polymides kii taiyari key liye vyaas key roop mein aur apoxy regin key liye ack kathorak key roop mein kshamata haye.
jaba ack diol key roop mein monoethylene glycol koo polyester polyethylene terephthalate (paltu) mein isosorbide key saath pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye, tou polyesosorbide terephthalate (pitt) praapt kiya jaataa haye, joe ack charam taapiya sthirata (nitrogen key tahat 360 degree celsius taka) kii visheshta haye. haalaanki, isosorbide mein maadhyamik hydroxyl samoohon kii swabhavik roop seey cumm pratikriyashilta, apekshaakrit cumm aanvik bhaar aur terephthalic acid kii uchch avashisht samagri kaa kaaran banati haye, joe parinami polymer kii aparyaapt rasayanik sthirata kii or leey jaati haye. isaliye, isosorbide aur monoethylene glycol vaale aaj key polyester kii jaanch diol ghatakon key roop mein kii jaati haye joe cumm rangbhed jaise behtar gunon koo darshaate hain.
isosorbide polly carbonate key agradoot key roop mein bhee ruchi kaa vishay haye. yeh siddhant roop mein bisphenol aeye koo badal sakata haye, jise zenoestrogen key roop mein pahachaana gayaa thaa. isosorbide-adharit polly carbonate kii seemaaen unakaa asantoshjanak tapman pratirodh aur seemit prabhaav pratirodh haye, jise isosorbide mein commonomers key judane yaa polymer mishran dwara sudhaar kiya jaa sakata haye.
isosorbide, ack diol, polyurethane mein ack agradoot haye. yaa polyol key liye ack nirmaan khand key roop mein [29] ise diasocyanate ghatak key saath-saath ack shrinkhala vistaarak mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye.
epichlorohydrine key saath isosorbide kii pratikriya seey, isosorbide biss-glycidil eather (ack biss-apoxide) banata haye, jiska upayog analogue bisphenol aeye biss-apoxide key pratisthaapan key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. isosorbide biss-glycidil eather koo upayukt upchaar agents jaise polymine yaa cyclic acid enhydride key saath thermosating apoxy regin seey jodaa jaa sakata haye. inn rejinon kaa upayog khaadya dibbe key liye chipakane vaale, rung yaa coating key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. isake alawa, polyoxazolidones kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye joe disocyanates key saath isosorbide diaglycidil eather kii pratikriya seey praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. polyoxazolidones kaa upayog vidyut aur electronics udyog mein kathor, atyadhik shaakhaon vaale aur vilaayak-pratirodhi thermosat plastic key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye.

