
maratus

maratus, lavan (jumping makadiyan) parivaar kaa ack makadi vansh haye. inn makadiyon koo aamtaur parr morr makadiyon key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye kyonki pett kii oopari satah parr narr key rangeen aur aamtaur parr indradhanushi pattern aksar paarshv flap yaa bristal key saath badhe hotey hain, jinhen way prem prasang key dauran pradarshit karate hain. mahilaaon mein inn chamkile rangon kii kamee hoti haye, joe dikhane mein gupt hoti hain. cumm seey cumm ack prajaati, "maratus vespertilio" mein, purushon key beach anushthaan pratiyogitaon key dauran bhee flap kaa vistaar hotaa haye. purush pradarshan aur prem prasang nritya jatil hotey hain, jisamen drishya aur compan sanket shamil hotey hain.
iss vansh kii kaee prajaatiyon koo pahale "citis" vansh mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen bhoomadhyasagariya "citis barbips" shamil hain, joe satahi roop seey "maratus" (pairon kii ack badhee hui teesari jodee key saath rangeen narr) key samaan haye. "australia mein "citis" key teesare pair badey aur kinare hotey hain jinka way pradarshan key liye upayog karate hain lekin apane pett koo "maratus" kii tarah naheen uthaate hain. chean seey "maratus fervous" koo chhodkar "maratus" kii sabhi prajaatiyan australia mein paaee jaati hain. "aim. fervous kaa pahali baar 1992 mein "lycidas" vansh mein varnan kiya gayaa thaa, joe "maratus" kaa hissa bunn gayaa thaa jaba 2012 mein "lycidas" kaa paryaayavaachi shabd diyaa gayaa thaa. otto aur hill kaa maanana haye kii iss prajaati koo nishchit roop seey kissy bhee vansh seey naheen jodaa jaa sakata haye.
varnan.
"maratus" prajaatiyan chhoti makadiyan hoti hain, jinake shareer kii kull lambai jyaadaatar lagbhag 4-5 mimi (0.2 inch) hoti haye, kabhi-kabhi chhoti hoti haye, jisamen uchch star kii yaun dwiroopata hoti haye. inhen morr makadiyon key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe purushon key pett (opistosoma) kii prishthiya (oopari) satah key morr jaise pradarshan key aadhar parr hotey hain, jiss parr aamtaur parr chamkile rung key aur atyadhik indradhanushi taraju aur baalon kii ack "plate" yaa "pankha" hotaa haye, joe aksar aise pattern banaate hain jinamen agrabhumi key rung indradhanushi prishthabhoomi key vipareet hotey hain. isake alawa pett key kinaaron parr baal "flap" yaa ghaney kinare hoe sakate hain, kabhi-kabhi chamkile rung key. donon lingon mein, pett koo ack lambe aur bahut lacheele pedicale dwara cephalothorax seey jodaa jaataa haye. yeh purushon koo apane pett koo oopar uthaane kii anumati detaa haye, joe chapata honey aur ack taraf seey doosari taraf laharaane mein saksham hoe sakata haye, iss prakaar prishthiya pattern kii upasthiti parr jore detaa haye. sabhi prajaatiyon mein aise rung naheen hotey hain joe maanav drishti key liye ujjwal dikhaai dete hain; "maratus vespertilio" apekshaakrit gupt roop seey rangeen hotaa haye, jisamen paarshv flap parr adhikansh indradhanush hotaa haye. pett key pradarshan kaa upayog prem prasang mein aur cumm seey cumm ack prajaati mein, pratidvandi purushon key saath aakramak baatchit mein bhee kiya jaataa haye. yadi purush apana nritya jaari rakhta haye jaba mahila koo dilchaspi naheen hoti haye, tou vaha aksar usa parr hamla karane, maarne aur usey khaane kaa prayaas karegi; vaha sambhog (yaun narbhakshan) key baad bhee aisaa curr sakati haye. yadi mahila pahale seey hii sangit haye, tou vaha adhik aakramak dikhaai degi, aur anya purushon key pradarshan key prati cumm grahansheel dikhaai degi. yeh taba bhee hoe sakata haye jaba mahila purush (cumm compan yaa cumm pair hilana) seey prabhaavit naheen thee. usake paas ack prati-grahansheelata sanket haye joe purushon koo bataata haye kii vaha grahansheel naheen haye. yeh purushon aur mahilaaon donon key liye ack kaary kartaa haye. purush ack anichhuk mahila parr apani oorjaa barbad karna bund curr denge. purush key pradarshan seey shikariyon koo aakarshit karane kii sambhavana haye, isaliye pradarshan koo rokane seey mahila aur purush donon koo sambhaavit khatron seey bachaane kii sambhavana haye. lagbhag sabhi prajaatiyon mein, naron key apekshaakrit lambe teesare pair hotey hain, joe aksar chamkile pattern key hotey hain, jinka upayog prem prasang pradarshan mein bhee kiya jaataa haye. khaare makadiyon mein utkrisht drishti hoti haye, cumm seey cumm dou rangon mein dekhane kii kshamata key saathah haraa aur parabaingani (yuvi). purush pradarshan mein drishya key alawa compan sanket bhee shamil hotey hain. cumm seey cumm ack prajaati ("maratus fimbriates") apane teesare jode key bajaay pairon kii pahali jodee key saath pradarshit hoti haye. kuchh "maratus" jisamen "maratus calcitrance", "maratus digitates" aur "maratus jactates" shamil hain, jaba unake pett koo oopar uthaaya jaataa haye tou bahut badey aur sajaae gaye spinrate key saath pradarshit hotey hain. cape ritch, paschimi australia kii ack prajaati, joe "maratus" prajaatiyon key liye ack germ-dhabba haye, apane pradarshan mein apane pett kaa bilkul bhee upayog naheen karati haye, isake bajaay sajaae gaye teesare pairon aur isake chamkile neele chehare aur rookhe safed pedipalps key sanyojan kaa upayog karati haye.
narr palpal bulb dikhane mein apekshaakrit saral hotey hain, ack golakar ambolus key saath, aur vibhinn prajaatiyon mein samaan hotey hain. taal mein aamtaur parr ack sadharan retrolateral tibial apophysis hotaa haye jisamen ack kund noke hoti haye.
chamkile rung key aur vishisht purushon key vipareet, maadaaen gupt yaa dikhane mein chhipi hoti hain, jinamen safed aur bhoore rung key taraju key chittakarshak pattern hotey hain. epigine saral haye, jisamen saamane kii or golakar "khidakiyon" (fosse) kii ack jodee aur peechhe kii or andakar shukranuon kii ack jodee hoti haye. lambe aur lacheele pedicale seey maadaon koo sambhog key dauran apane pett koo 180 degree seey adhik ghumaane mein madad milati haye.
rung utpaadan mein upayog kiye jaane vaale tantra.
purush "maratus" prajaatiyan jyaadaatar apane pett kii shandar rung kii oopari satah koo, aksar vistaar aur kinare key saath, prem prasang nritya mein mahilaaon key liye pradarshit karati hain. rangon kaa utpaadan taraju (yaa sanshodhit baal) kaa upayog karke dou mukhya tarikon seey kiya jaataa haye. ack tantra kantedar taraju mein laal, safed aur cream kaa utpaadan karane key liye varnakon kaa upayog kartaa haye joe prakaash koo bikherne mein madad karate hain. neele rung kaa utpaadan karane key liye makadiyan vishesh tarang dairdhya key prakaash koo pratibimbit karane vaale nanostructure kii sarani kaa upayog karati hain, "maratus splandence" key mamle mein ack chamakdaar, kabhi-kabhi baingani neela. groningen vishvavidyalaya key doekele stavenga key anusaar, nanostructure sapaat, uttal, thaili jaise taraju mein antarnihit hain, joe paraavartit prakaash koo badhaate hain. yeh ekmatra aisaa janwar haye jahan iss tarah kaa pratibimb dikhaaya gayaa haye. stavenga ney titali key pankhon, foolon key rangon aur parotia pakshi key pankhon key saath maratus rangon kii tulanaa kii. maratus" mein nanostructure dwara utpaadit blues samay key saath samanya pigmenting vidhi key vipareet feeke naheen hotey hain. anya neele janwar, jaise bhring, durlabh hain lekin nanostructure kaa bhee upayog karate hain. pitsburg vishvavidyalaya key nathan morehouse ney paaya kii "maratus volance" mein chaar alag-alag photoreceptor (tetrachromate) hotey hain joe unhein laal, neele, harey aur parabaingani rung koo dekhane kii anumati dete hain aur purush key pradarshan design kii jatilataon koo bhee hull karate hain.
vargeekaran.
genus "maratus" kaa varnan pahali baar 1878 mein ferdinand carsh dwara kiya gayaa thaa. carsh sangrahalaya farr nechurkunde, berlin mein ack curator they, aur dusaron dwara ekatra kiye gaye sanrakshit namoonon seey makadiyon aur anya jaanvaron kaa naam rakhaa gayaa thaa. unhone ack ekal purush namoone key aadhar parr apani naee prajaati "maratus ambilis" kaa varnan kiya, jisaki utpatti kewal "australia" key roop mein darj kii gaee thee. unake sankshipt vivaran mein pett key chapate aur chaturbhuj aakar kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye, lekin anyatha yeh pett key vishisht "flap" koo sandarbhit naheen kartaa haye. ack futnote mein, unhone "maratus amaenus" (abb "aim. volance "). 1987 mein carsh kii dou prajaatiyon "maratus" koo bahaal karane vaali pahali thee, aur 1991 mein adhik pahale varnit prajaatiyon koo genus mein sthanantarit kiya gayaa thaa. 21 veen shatabdi mein gyaat prajaatiyon koo "maratus" mein sthanantarit karane aur naee prajaatiyon key vivaran donon dwara "maratus" kaa bahut vistaar kiya gayaa thaa. adhikansh naee prajaatiyon kaa varnan jurgen see dwara kiya gayaa haye. otto aur david ee. pahaadi.
otto aur pahaadi seey pataa chalata haye kii "maratus" kaa genus "citis" seey nikatata seey sambandh haye. donon australia mein paae jaate hain, aur donon vanshon mein narr key teesare pair lambe aur pahale pair aparivartit hotey hain.
phylogeny.
maratus" aur sambandhit vansh key beach sambandh aspasht hain, aur kaee prajaatiyan vivaran kii prateeksha curr rahee hain. otto aur pahaadi kaa paryaayavaachi "lycidas" key saath "maratus") 2012 mein "lycidas" key liye prakaar prajaatiyon koo pahachaante hue, "lycidas anomalus" vaastav mein ack "maratus" thaa, iss prakaar sabhi koo taba "lycidas" naam diyaa gayaa thaa jise "maratus" dwara shamil kiya gayaa thaa. way parikalpana karate hain kii shesh vansh sambandhit hoe sakate hain jaisa kii neeche dikhaaya gayaa haih 
2012 mein junxia jhaang dwara kiye gaye ack aanvik jatijanya adhyayan ney nishkarsh nikala kii saat australiyai vansh "hypoblemum", "jotus", "lycidas", "myelius", "maratus", "citis" aur "prostheclina" itane nikatata seey sambandhit they kii una sabhi koo "citis" mein samaayojit kiya jaa sakata thaa, lekin iss sujhaav koo kissy bhee vargeekaran prakaashan key madhyam seey naheen leey jaaya gayaa haye. citis" samooh mein, teesara pair lamba hotaa haye aur pahala pair vishesh naheen hotaa haye. jotus" samooh mein pahala pair lamba aur vishisht hotaa haye. maratus" samooh mein "maratus" aur kuchh "hypoblemum" donon mein, prem prasang key dauran pett koo uthaaya jaataa haye, lekin kewal "maratus" mein ack rangeen prishthiya plate hoti haye.
prajaatiyan.
 isamen 108 prajaatiyan hainh
namkaran.
praarambhik vaigyaanik naamon mein jyaadaatar lattin yaa yunani varnak kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, udaaharan key liye prakaar prajaati "maratus ambilis" (1878) maitripurna yaa sukhad "maratus" koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. "maratus volance" (1874) kaa arth haye udataa huaa "maratus", joe iss galat vishvaas koo darshaata haye kii yeh prajaati (aur vaastav mein genus) apane vistaarit pett key flap key madhyam seey uda sakati haye. abb humm jaanate hain kii way uda naheen sakate hain aur flap kaa upayog prem prasang yaa (cumm seey cumm ack mamle mein) anushthaanik ladaai mein kiya jaataa haye. "maratus chrysomelus" kuchh konon parr dekhane parr pett key sunhare peele rung key prakaash koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. 1947 mein dunn ney prajaati key naam "pavonis" kaa upayog kiya jiska arth haye morr. jabka aur waldock ney 1980 aur 1990 key dashak mein lattin aur yunani kaa upayog karane kii parampara koo jaari rakhaa, jaisa kii 2011 seey otto aind hill ney kiya, aur "maratus harris" key mamle mein stuart harris key liye ack sanrakshak kaa bhee upayog kiya. jaise-jaise morr makadiyan adhik lokpriya huin, vaise-vaise sanrakshak shabd bhee, "maratus percelle" key saath isake khojkarta otto aind hill 2013 aur "maratus prozinsky" key liye georgy prozinsky waldock 2015. samachar media mein dikhaae jaane vaale aam naamon ney vishesh roop seey "maratus jactates" key liye sparklemuffin key saath aakarshan praapt kiya. julaai 2016 mein, queensland sangrahalaya key barbara behar aur robbert white ney queensland baile key kalaatmak nideshak, lii kunksin key naam parr "maratus likunxin" yaa "maratus likunxin" naam kii ack naee khoji gaee prajaati kii ghoshana kii aur jurgen otto koo "maratus otoi", michael dunken aur michael doo koo "maratus michaelorum" aur juuliyan waldock koo "maratus julienni" key saath sammaanit kiya.
"maratus splandence" aur "maratus rainboi" ack hii, ekal prajaati koo sandarbhit karate hain, donon yahaan soochibaddh hain. otto aind hill ney pahali baar mahila kaa varnan karate samay rover key pratisthaapan naam "maratus indradhanush" key bajaay indradhanush key "maratus splandence" kaa upayog jaari rakhane kaa vikalp chunaa. jabaki "maratus rainboi" abhee bhee kaee online catalog mein dikhaai detaa haye, iss makadi key sabhi prakaashit vivaranon aur adhyayanon mein aaj taka mool naam "maratus splandence" kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye, pratisthaapan naam ney kabhi mudra praapt naheen kii haye, aur abb koee vyast naheen haye.
2017 mein jurgen otto aur david hill ney pekhamiya mein australiyai morr makadiyon (areneeh salticidaeh euofrinih "maratus", "saratus") kii ack soochi prakaashit kii, haal hii mein morr makadiyon key liye ack naee prajaati bhee banaai haye, jisamen "maratus" seey kaafee alag jannang hain, joe "saratus" haye.
soochi mein "upkaran" kii ack hii prajaati soochibaddh haye, vayask narr koo tasveeron mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, renz maanchitra una kshetron koo darshaate hain jinaki pehchaan poorv prakashanon mein kii gaee haye, yaa aprakaashit tippaniyon aur post kii gaee tasveeron dwara jinhen lekhak vishvasaniya maanate hain.