
anjou kaa county

anjou kaa county (,;;) ack chhota francisi county thaa joe anjou key behtar gyaat duchy kaa poorvavarti thaa. isaki rajdhani engers thee, aur iska kshetra lagbhag engers key diosis key saath saha-vyaapak thaa. anjou kii seemaaen paschim mein britney, uttar mein maine, poorv mein tourine aur dakshin mein poitu seey lagati theen. visheshan roop angivin haye, aur anjou key nivaasiyon koo angivin key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. 1360 mein, county koo france key raajya key bheetar duchy off anjou mein khadaa kiya gayaa thaa. yeh duchy baad mein 1482 mein francisi shaahi kshetra mein samaahit hoe gayaa aur 1790 taka raajya kaa ack praant banaa rhaa.
prishthabhoomi.
anjou kii raajneetik utpatti "andes" kii pracheen gallic sthiti seey pataa chalati haye. julius seasure dwara vijay key baad, kshetra koo "endekevi" key roman "civitas" key aspas sangathit kiya gayaa thaa.
itihas.
frankish county.
roman civitas koo baad mein ack prashaasnik jile key roop mein sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa, jiska naam pahale "pagas"-phir "committetus" yaa countship-off anjou thaa.
charles dha balled key shasankal kii shuruat mein, anjou kii akhandata koo dou gunaa khatra thaah britney seey paschim aur normandy seey uttar taka. lambert, nantes key ack poorv count, nomino, duke off britney key saath sangeet karyakram mein anjou koo tabah curr diyaa. varsh 851 key anta taka, vaha poore paschimi bhaag parr kabja karane mein safal hoe gayaa thaa. jiss riyasat koo unhone iss prakaar apane liye banaaya thaa, usa parr unaki mrityu parr britney key duke, arispo ney kabja curr liya thaa. unake dwara, yeh unake uttaradhikariyon koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa, jinake haathon mein yeh 10veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka rhaa. normans ney desh parr bhee lagaatar chhaapa maaraa.
isaki raksha key liye ack bahadur vyakti kii aavashyakta thee. anjou key itihaskaron ney pahali ginati key roop mein ack "terratulus" kaa naam diyaa, jise charles dha balled dwara aspashtata seey oopar uthaaya gayaa. usa naam kaa ack vyakti baad mein ginati karane vaale ingeller kaa pitaa prateet hotaa haye, lekin aisaa lagata haye kii usake rajvansh seey pahale robert dha strong thaa, jise 861 key aspas charles dha balled dwara anjou diyaa gayaa thaa. robert 866 mein norman key khilaf brissart mein ack ladaai mein apani mrityu kaa saamana kiya. aabat ney apane adhikansh anya kartavyon kii tarah anjou kii ginati mein unakaa sthaan liya; 886 mein unaki mrityu parr, yeh robbert key sabse badey bete, odo key paas chalaa gayaa.
phulk.
odo ney 888 mein france key simhaasan parr kabja curr liya, lekin aisaa lagata haye kii unhone pahale seey hii 870 key aspas wiscount yaa ginati key roop mein maine aur meyen key beach key desh koo ingelagar koo saunp diyaa haye, sambhavatah unaki patni adelis key connection key kaaran. unake bete phulk ney 888 mein apane pitaa kii sampatti hassil kii, 898 key baad wiscount key roop mein ullekh kiya gayaa haye, aur aisaa lagata haye kii 10veen shatabdi kii doosari timahi taka ginati kaa khitaab diyaa gayaa yaa hadap liya gayaa thaa. unake vanshajon ney teen shataabdiyon taka usa pada koo dhaaran karna jaari rakhaa. unake baad unake bete phulk II ney achchha pada sambhala, joe 938 mein iss kahawat key lekhak they kii ack ashikshit raajaa ack buddhiman gadhe haye. unake baad unake bete geophrey aaee "grisegonnel" ("gretunic") ney 958 key aspas unakaa sthaan liya.
geophrey ney vistaar kii neeti kaa udghaatan kiya, jiska uddeshya pracheen ginati kii seemaon kaa vistaar aur isake una hisson parr phir seey vijay praapt karna thaa jinhen anya raajyon dwara jodaa gayaa thaa; kyonki, halanki paschimi anjou koo 10 veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey britney key duke seey baramad kiya gayaa thaa, poorv mein saumur kaa saaraa jilaa pahale seey hii usa samay taka blois aur tour kii ginati key haathon mein aaa chuka thaa. geophrey gratunic ney nantes kii ginati koo apana jagirdar banaane aur duke off aquitain seey laudun jile kii jagir mein riyayat praapt karane mein safalata praapt kii. isake alawa, raajaa lothire key yuddhon mein norman key khilaf aur samrat otto II key khilaf, unhone khud koo hathiyaron key karnamon seey pratishthit kiya, jinhen mahakavya kaviyon ney jaldi seey manaaya.
geophrey key bete phulk III nerra ("kaalaa"; 21 julaai 98721 juuna 1040) ney ack yoddha key roop mein aur apane karyon key liye praayashchit karane key liye jerusalam mein pavitra kabr parr tirthayatra key liye prasiddhi praapt kii. unhone khud koo odo aaee, count off blois aur renes key connon aaee key gathbandhan key saath apane pravesh parr saamana kiya. baad vaale ney nantes parr kabja curr liya, jisamen seey anjou kii ginati khud koo adhirajyavadi maanati thee, phulk nerra aaya aur isaki gherabandi kii, vijay kii ladaai mein connon kii senaa koo parajit kiya (27 juuna 992) aur apane swayam key adhirajya key tahat nantes koo phir seey sthaapit kiya. phir bloy kii ginati kii or apana dhyaan kendrit karate hue, vaha yaatraon seey kuchh meal door langeis mein ack kilaa sthaapit karane key liye aage badhe, jahan seey raajaa hyug capet key hastakshep key kaaran, odo unhein hataane mein whiffle rahey.
odo aaee kii mrityu parr, phulk ney daure (996) jabt curr liye; lekin raajaa robert dhaarmik usake khilaf hoe gayaa aur phir seey shahar (997) parr kabja curr liya. 997 mein phulk ney montsorau key kille parr kabja curr liya. 1016 mein phulk aur odo II, blois kii naee ginati key beach ack nayaa sangharsh utpann huaa. odo II koo pontalvoy (6 julaai 1016) mein poori tarah seey haraaya gayaa thaa, aur kuchh saal baad, jaba odo montboy koo gher rhaa thaa, tou phulk aashcharyachakit hoe gayaa aur saumur (1026) koo leey liya.
anta mein, joffrey martel (21 juuna 1040-14 navambar 1060), phulk key bete aur uttaradhikari, theobald III, count off blois, nauy (21 agast 1044) parr, ney angivin koo tourine kii ginati kaa adhikaar sunishchit kiya. usee samay, iss timahi mein bhee apane pitaa kaa kaam jaari rakhate hue (jinhone 1025 mein herbert vekdog koo bandee banaa liya aur kewal unhein shraddhanjali dene kii shart parr unhein mukt curr diyaa), geophrey ney khud parr poori tarah seey nirbharta key liye maine kii ginati koo cumm karane mein safalata praapt kii. apane pitaa key jivankal key dauran unhein leey maine key bishap (1038), gervais dee cheto-doo-loyer dwara peeta gayaa thaa, lekin baad mein (1047 yaa 1048) baad vaale kaidi koo lene mein safal rahey, jisake liye unhein pope leo dwara reims kii parishad (octuber 1049) mein bahishkrit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. vaha villium dha bastard kaa ack jordar pratidvandi thaa, jaba villium abhee bhee kewal normandy kaa duke thaa. villium aur raajaa heinry key thhos hamalon key bavjood, vaha 1051 mein apane adhikaar koo pahchaanane key liye maine koo majboor karane mein saksham thaa. haalaanki, vaha villium parr khud koo badala lene key apane prayason mein whiffle rhaa.
geophrey martel (14 navambar 1060) kii mrityu parr uttaradhikar koo laker vivaad thaa. geophrey martel, jinake koee bachche naheen they, ney apane sabse badey bhatije, geophrey III, daadhi vaale, geophrey key bete, gatinis kii ginati aur ermengard kii, phulk nerra kii betty koo ginati kii viraasat dee thee. lekin phulk leey rechin (cross-looking), geophrey daadi vaale key bhaai, joe pahale sentong aur vihiyars key "chetelani" seey yukt ack apnage seey santusht they, jinhone sentong koo 1062 mein duke off aquitain dwara lene kii anumati dee thee, unhone geophrey kii gair-kilful neeti dwara ginati mein utpann samanya asantosh kaa laabh uthaaya taaki way khud koo saumar (25 farwari 1067) aur engers (4 aprail) kaa master banaa sakein, aur geofrey koo sabale mein jail mein daal diyaa. pope key adhikaar dwara ack chhote seey antaral key baad usey riha karane aur usey ginati bahaal karane key liye majboor honey parr, usane jald hii sangharsh koo phir seey shuru curr diyaa, brisack key paas geophrey koo haraaya aur usey chinon key mahal (1068) mein bund curr diyaa. haalaanki, ginati key roop mein apani maanyata praapt karane key liye, phulk IV rechin (106814 aprail 1109) koo apane bairanon key saath ack lamba sangharsh karna padaa, raajaa phillip I koo gatinis saunpane key liye, aur tourine key liye blois kii ginati koo shraddhanjali dene key liye. doosari or, vaha poore taur parr geophrey martel kii neeti kaa paalan karane mein safal rahah laa fletche koo nasht karane key baad, blancheland kii shaanti (1081) dwara, usey villium key bete robbert carthos ("courtheuse") kii shraddhanjali praapt hui. baad mein, unhone ingland key raajaa villium rufus key khilaf, laa fletche key swami alias koo barkarar rakhaa, aur 1100 mein ilias koo maine kii ginati key roop mein maanyata dee, jise phulk banaam young key liye praapt kiya gayaa, unake bete koo bertrade dee montfort dwara, ermengard kaa haath, alias kii betty aur ekmatra uttaradhikari.1101 mein montsoro key count ney robbert off arbricel aur shampen kii usaki saas koo fontevroud key mathh kii sthaapana key liye bhoomi dee.
phulk banaam yuva (14 aprail 11091-129) alias kii mrityu (11 julaai 1110) parr maine kii ginati mein safal rhaa; lekin angivin kshetra kii yeh vriddhi ingland key heinry I key hiton key saath iss tarah kii seedhi takkar mein aaa gaee, joe normandy key duke bhee they, kii donon shaktiyon key beach sangharsh apariharya hoe gayaa. 1112 mein yeh toot gayaa, aur phulk, heinry aaee koo alencon lene aur robert, belem key swami, kaidi banaane seey rokane mein asamarth honey key kaaran, alencon (23 farwari 1113) key paas piyare pekoli kii sandhi parr, heinry koo shraddhanjali dene key liye majboor kiya gayaa. isake badale mein, jaba lui 1118 mein vexin parr haavi hoe rhaa thaa, usane alencon (navambar) mein heinry kii senaa koo parajit curr diyaa, aur maee 1119 mein heinry ney shaanti kii maang kii, jise juuna mein apane sabse badey bete, villium ethling kii shaadi dwara seal curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe phulk kii betty matilda key saath thee. villium dha ethling "safed jahaaj" (25 navambar 1120) key malabe mein marr gayaa thaa, pavitra bhoomi (1120-1121) kii tirthayatra seey lautane parr, apani doosari betty seville seey shaadi kii, luis vee key ukasaave parr, robbert carthos key bete villium clito seey, aur normady key duchy key liye ack davedar, usey dahej (1122 yaa 1123) key liye mukhya raashi detaa haye. heinry main pakshon (1123 yaa 1124) key beach sambandh kii yachika parr vivaah koo radd karane mein kamyab rhaa. lekin 1127 mein ack nayaa gathbandhan banaaya gayaa, aur 22 maee koo ruen mein, heinry ney samrat heinry vee kii vidhwa, apani betty matilda koo, phulk key sunder bete, geophrey seey shaadi kaa vaadaa kiya, shaadi 2 juuna 1129 koo leey maine mein manai jaa rahee thee. isake turant baad, jerusalam key baldwyn dwiteeya key nimantran parr, phulk achche key liye pavitra bhoomi parr chaley gaye, melisinda, baldwyn kii betty aur uttaradhikari seey shaadi kii, aur jerusalam key simhaasan parr baith gaye (14 sitambar 1131). unake sabse badey bete, geophrey banaam sunder yaa "plantagenate", ney anjou (11297 sitambar 1151) kii ginati key roop mein unakaa sthaan liya.
paadap-udgam.
shuru seey hii, geophrey plantagenate ney apani shaadi seey laabh uthaane kii koshish kii aur apane sasur heinry aaee (1 disambar 1135) kii mrityu key baad, abhiyaanon kii ack shrinkhala dwara normandy kii vijay kii neenv rakheeh 1135 key anta yaa 1136 kii shuruat mein, vaha usa desh mein pravesh kiya aur apani patni, maharani matilda key saath phir seey shamil hoe gayaa, jise argentine, domfront aur exmes kii prastuti praapt hui thee. apane bairanon key vidroh seey achaanak vaapas bulaaye jaane key baad, vaha sitambar 1136 mein ack majboot senaa key saath prabhaari key roop mein laut aaya, jisamen villium, duke off aquitain aur villium talwas, pontheau kii ginati shamil thee. kuchh safaltaon key baad vaha leey sapp (1 octuber) kii gherabandi mein pair mein ghayal hoe gayaa aur usey vaapas girna padaa.
1137 meey ekta nayaa abhiyaan shuru bhel jaahime oh haemois (exmes key nikat) jilaak vinash kaea delak aaa bazoches jalaa delak. juuna 1138 mein, glocester key robbert kii sahaayata seey, geophrey ney bayox aur caine kii sharan praapt kii; octuber mein unhone falies key pados koo tabah curr diyaa; aur anta mein, march 1141 mein, ingland mein apani patni kii safalata key baare mein sunkar, unhone phir seey normandy mein pravesh kiya, jaba unhone desh bhar mein ack vijayi julus nikala. shahar key baad shahar ney aatmasamarpan kiyaah 1141 mein, verneul, noncort, lysiax, fales; 1142 mein, mortain, sent-hillayer, pontorson; 1143 mein, everanches, sent-low, searances, coutains, cherberg; 1144 kii shuruat mein unhone ruen mein pravesh kiya, aur 19 janwari koo isake cathedral mein ducal taaj praapt kiya. anta mein, 1149 mein, vidroh key antim prayaas koo kuchalane key baad, unhone duchy koo apane bete heinry curtmental koo saunp diyaa, jise france key raajaa key haathon seey adhikaar praapt huaa.
jaba taka yuva aur sunder sunder anjou kii ginati badhaane kaa kaam curr rahey they, unhone ghar parr apane adhikaar koo majboot karane kii upeksha naheen kii, jisake liye bairanon kii anaitikta ack khatra thaa. jahan taka yuvaaon key sambandh mein haye, humm kewal kuchh alag-alag tathyon aur tithiyon koo jaanate hainh lagbhag 1109 doo aur ell 'iley bouchard koo leey jaaya gayaa thaa; 1112 mein brisack koo gher liya gayaa thaa, aur lagbhag usee samay priuli key eskiward koo vash mein curr liya gayaa thaa. 1114 mein vidroh mein lagey bairanon key khilaf ack samanya yuddh huaa; aur 1118 mein ack nayaa uday huaa, jise montbazone kii gherabandi key baad neeche giraa diyaa gayaah 1123 mein doo key swami ney vidroh kiya, aur 1124 mein nau saptah kii gherabandi key baad montril-belle koo leey liya gayaa. geophrey sunder, apani athak oorjaa key saath, apane jagirdaron key gathbandhan koo dabaane key liye utkrisht roop seey fitt thaa, jinamen seey sabse durjeya 1129 mein banaa thaa. vidroh karane vaalon mein montrell-belle key giraud dwiteeya, thauron kii wiscount, mirbeu key lords, ambois, parthne aur sabale they. geofrey ack key baad ack unhein peetane mein safal rahey, thauron key rakh koo dhwast curr diyaa aur myrebeu parr kabja curr liya.
1134 mein mombatti key vinash aur ll 'iley pouchard key lene seey ack aur uday koo kuchal diyaa gayaa thaa. 1136 mein, jaba ginati samanya sthiti mein thee, tou khud koo andolan key pramukh key roop mein rakhaa, jisake liye geophrey ney briole koo nasht karke aur laa suz parr kabja karke pratikriya dee; aur subley key robbert koo khud koo krodhiton key bishap kii madhyasthata key madhyam seey kshama key liye vinamrata seey bheekh maangane key liye majboor kiya gayaa. 1139 mein geophrey ney mirbeu koo leey liya, aur 1142 mein champtoseo, lekin 1145 mein ack nayaa vidroh chhid gayaa, iss baar alias key netritva mein, ginati key apane bhaai, jinhone phir seey robert off subley kii sahaayata seey, maine kii ginati kaa daavaa kiya. geophrey ney alias koo bandee banaa liya, subley key robbert koo peechhe hatane key liye majboor kiya, aur anya bairanon koo tark karane key liye cumm curr diyaa. 1147 mein unhone doo aur blyson koo nasht curr diyaa. anta mein 1150 mein montruil-belle key swami giraud key vidroh ney unhein roque diyaa; ack saal key liye unhone usa sthaan koo gher liya jaba taka kii usey aatmasamarpan naheen karna padaa, aur phir unhone giraud koo kaidi banaa liya aur kewal france key raajaa kii madhyasthata parr unhein riha curr diyaa.
iss prakaar, sunder geophrey (7 sitambar 1151) kii mrityu parr, unake bete heinry ney khud koo ack mahaan samrajya kaa uttaradhikari paaya, joe majboot aur samekit thaa, aur jisamen aquitain key eleanor (maee 1152) key saath unaki shaadi ney aquitain koo aur jodaa.
raajaa stephen kii mrityu key baad heinry koo ingland key raajaa (19 disambar 1154) key roop mein maanyata dee gaee, jaisa kii wallingford kii sandhi mein sahamati hui thee. lekin phir usake bhaai geophrey, nantes kii ginati, jise chinon, laudun aur mirbeu key teen kille mille they, ney iss bahaane seey anjou parr kabja karane kii koshish kii kii, unake pitaa kii ichcha seey, sunder, sabhi paitrik viraasat usey milani chaahiye, aggar vaha maatri viraasat kaa kabja praapt karane mein safal rhaa. yeh sunkar, heinry, halanki unhone iss vaseeyat kaa paalan karane kii shapath lii thee, lekin khud pope dwara apani shapath seey mukt hoe gaye they, aur jaldbaji mein apane bhaai key khilaf cooch kiya, jinase vaha 1156 kii shuruat mein chinon aur mirbeu lene mein safal rahey; aur julaai mein unhone vaarshik pension key badale mein apane teen kilon koo bhee chhodane key liye gefree koo majboor kiya. isaliye heinry apane poore jeevan mein anjou kii ginati rakhane mein safal rahey; kyonki halanki unhone 1168 mein apane bete heinry koo yeh diyaa jaba heinry yuva raajaa ise niyantrit karane key liye paryaapt umr kaa hoe gayaa, unhone usey apani shakti kaa anand lene kii anumati dene seey poori tarah seey incar curr diyaa. 1189 mein heinry dwiteeya kii mrityu key baad, ginati, unake baaki prabhutvon key saath, ingland key unake bete richard pratham koo paarit hoe gaee, lekin 1199 mein baad vaale kii mrityu parr, britney key arther (1187 mein paida hue) ney viraasat kaa daavaa kiya, joe unake anusaar, heinry dwiteeya key chauthe bete, apane pitaa geophrey key paas girna chaahiye thaa, usa pratha key anusaar jisake dwara "sabse badey bhaai kaa betaa apane pitaa key paitrik adhikaar mein safal honah chaahiye."isaliye unhone heinry II key sabse chhote bete johnn lackland key saath pratidvandvita sthaapit kii, aur france key phillip augustus dwara samarthit, aur villium days roaches, sensachal off anjou kii sahaayata seey, vaha engers (18 aprail 1199) mein pravesh karane mein kamyab rahey aur vahaan khud koo anjou, mene aur tourine key teen countship kii ginati key roop mein maanyata dee, jisake liye unhone france key raajaa koo shraddhanjali dee. raajaa johnn ney jald hii oopari haath hassil curr liya, kyonki phillip augustus ney leey gaulette (22 maee 1200) kii sandhi dwara arther koo chhod diyaa thaa, aur johnn ney anjou mein apana raasta banaaya thaa; aur 18 juuna 1200 koo engers parr ginati key roop mein maanyata dee gaee thee. 1202 mein unhone phillip augustus koo shraddhanjali dene seey incar curr diyaa, jinhone parinamswarup, unaki sabhi mahadvipiya sampatti koo jabt curr liya, jisamen anjou bhee shamil thaa, jise france key raajaa dwara arther koo aavantit kiya gayaa thaa. 1 agast 1202 koo mirbeu mein bandee banaae gaye baad vaale kii haar ney johnn kii safalata sunishchit kii, lekin villium days roaches ney unhein chhod diyaa, jinhone 1203 mein phillip augustus koo poore anjou koo vash mein karane mein sahaayata kii. 1214 mein johnn kii or seey khud koo apane paas rakhane key antim prayaas key kaaran, krodhiton koo leey jaaya gayaa (17 juuna), lekin laa roche-aux-moines (2 julaai) kii ladaai mein afsos kii baat haye kii yeh toot gayaa, aur ginati france key taaj seey judee hui thee.
isake turant baad ise phir seey alag curr diyaa gayaa, jaba agast 1246 mein raajaa lui ney ise apane bhaai charles koo ack upadesh key roop mein diyaa, joe provence kii ginati thee, jald hii naples aur sisili kaa raajaa bunn gayaa. apane anya prabhutvon mein doobe hue anjou key charles pratham ney anjou key baare mein bahut cumm socha, naa hii unake bete charles dwiteeya, langade, joe 7 janwari 1285 koo unake uttaradhikari baney, 16 agast 1290 koo, baad vaale ney apani betty margaret seey shaadi kii, joe anjou kii countess thee, phillip III key bete charles seey, bolled key liye, usey dahej key liye anjou aur maine diyaa, aragon aur valentia key raajyon aur barcelona kii ginati key liye valois key daavon key charl key badale mein. charles off valois ney ack baar mein anjou kii ginati key adhikaar mein pravesh kiya, jisake saath sitambar 1297 mein melon mein phillip IV ney france kaa ack pears jodaa. 16 disambar 1325 koo charles kii mrityu hoe gaee, aur anjou koo apane sabse badey bete phillip off valois key liye chhod diyaa, jisaki 1 aprail 1328 koo france key raajaa (phillip vi) key roop mein maanyata parr, anjou kii ginati phir seey taaj key liye ekjut hoe gaee.
sarkaar.
pahale anjou koo orlenis key "governance" (yaa sainya kamaan) mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 17veen shatabdi mein ise ack alag banaaya gayaa thaa. halanki, saumur aur saumurois, jisake liye raajaa heinry IV ney 1589 mein duplesses-morning key paksh mein ack swatantra sainya governor-generalship banaai thee, kranti taka ack alag "government" banaane key liye jaari rahee, jisamen anjou key alawa, poitu aur mirbalice key hisse shamil they. dauron key "generalite" (prashaasnik paridhi) seey judey, kranti kii poorv sandhya parr paanch "élection" (nyaayik jile) shamil theh------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ aarthik roop seey yeh tathaakathit "pays dee grande gabel" kaa hissa thaa, aur isamen solah vishesh nyayadhikaran, yaa "grenaire aeye cell" (namak godam) shamil theh------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vishuddh roop seey nyaayik prashaasan key drishtikon seey, anjou peris kii sansad key adheen thaa; engers ack presidial court kaa sthaan thaa, jisamen adhikaar kshetra mein engers, saumar, byuge, beaufort aur duchy off richelli key "senchouse" shamil they; chatto-gontier aur laa fletche mein presidial adalaton key alawa bhee they. jaba 26 farwari 1790 koo samvidhaan sabhaa ney france koo vibhaag mein vibhajit karane kaa adesh diyaa, tou kuchh kshetron koo chhodkar, anjou aur saumurois ney vartamaan mein gathit maine-aitt-loyer key vibhaag kaa gathan kiya.

