
generic dawa

ack generic dawa ack aushadhiya dawa haye jisamen ack dawa key samaan rasayanik padaarth hotaa haye joe mool roop seey rasayanik patent dwara sanrakshit thaa. mool davaaon key patent kii avadhi samaapt honey key baad generic davaaon koo bikri key liye anumati dee jaati haye. kyonki sakriya rasayanik padaarth samaan haye, generic kaa chikitsa profile pradarshan mein samkaksh haye. ack generic dawa mein mool key samaan sakriya dawa ghatak (api) hotaa haye, lekin yeh kuchh visheshtaon jaise kii nirmaan prakriya, nirmaan, uttejak, rung, swaad aur packaging mein bhinn hoe sakata haye.
haalaanki way kissy vishesh company seey judey naheen hoe sakate hain, generic davaaen aamtaur parr una deshon mein sarkari niyamon key adheen hoti hain jinamen unhein vitarit kiya jaataa haye. unhein nirmaata key naam aur ack samanya gair-swaamitva naam jaise kii sanyukt raajya america dwara apanaae gaye naam (yuu. aiss. aeye. aine.) yaa dawa key antarrashtriya gair-swaamitva naam (inn.) key saath label kiya jaataa haye. ack generic dawa mein mool brand-naam key nirmaan key samaan sakriya tatva honey chaahiye. yuu.aiss. khaadya aur aushadhi prashaasan (aff. dee. aeye.) key liye generic koo pharmacokinetic aur pharmacodynamic gunon key sambandh mein apane brand-naam samkakshon key samaan yaa sweekarya jaiv-samkaksh seema key bheetar honah aavashyak haye. (aff. dee. aeye. dwara "samaan" shabd kaa upayog ack kanuni vyakhya haye, shaabdik naheen.)
biopharmaceuticals, jaise kii monoclonal antibody, javic roop seey chhote-anu davaaon seey alag hain. biosemiller mein sakriya aushadhiya tatva hotey hain joe mool utpaad key lagbhag samaan hotey hain aur aamtaur parr niyamon key ack vistaarit sett key tahat viniyamit hotey hain, lekin way generic davaaon key samaan naheen hotey hain kyonki sakriya tatva unake sandarbh utpaadon key samaan naheen hotey hain.
adhikansh mamalon mein, dawa key mool vikaskarta koo diye gaye patent sanrakshan kii avadhi samaapt honey key baad generic utpaad upalabdh hoe jaate hain. ack baar generic davaayen bajar mein pravesh karane key baad, pratispardha aksar mool brand-naam utpaad aur isake generic samkaksh donon key liye kaafee cumm kimaton kii or leey jaati haye. adhikansh deshon mein, patent 20 saal kii suraksha dete hain. haalaanki, europeeya sangh aur sanyukt raajya america jaise kaee desh aur kshetra, yadi nirmaata vishisht lakshyon koo puuraa karate hain, jaise kii baal chikitsa rogiyon key liye naidaanik pareekshan aayojit karna, tou paanch saal taka atirikt suraksha ("patent avadhi bahaali") pradaan curr sakate hain.
nirmaata, thoke vikreta, bimakarta aur dawa kii dukaanen sabhi utpaadan aur vitaran key vibhinn charanon mein kimaton mein vriddhi curr sakate hain.
2014 mein, generic pharmaceutical association key ack vishleshan key anusaar, sanyukt raajya mein bharey gaye 4.3 arab prescription mein seey 88 pratishat generic davaaon kaa thaa.
"doosari or "branded generic" koo fda aur rashtriya swaasthya seva dwara "aise utpaad" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye joe (aeye) kissy aise nirmaata dwara utpaadit apramaanit-patent utpaadon key nae khuraak roop hain joe anu kaa udgamkarta naheen haye, yaa (bee) ack vyaapaar naam key saath apramaanit-patent utpaad kii ack anu prati."choonki branded generic banaane vaali company anusandhaan aur vikas parr bahut cumm kharch curr sakati haye, isaliye yeh akele vipanan parr kharch karane mein saksham haye, iss prakaar adhik laabh arjit karati haye aur laagat cumm karati haye. udaaharan key liye, rainbaxy kaa sabse badaa rajaswa, joe abb sunn farma key swaamitva mein haye, branded generic seey aaya thaa.
namkaran.
generic dawa key naamon kaa nirmaan maankeekrit ephics kaa upayog karke kiya jaataa haye joe davaaon koo vargon key beach aur unake bheetar alag karate hain aur unaki kaarravaai kaa sujhaav dete hain.
arthshastra.
jaba ack dawa company pahali baar ack dawa kaa vipanan karati haye, tou yeh aamtaur parr ack patent key tahat hotaa haye, jaba taka kii yeh samaapt naheen hoe jaataa haye, company patent ullanghan key liye una parr mukadama karke pratiyogiyon koo baahar karane key liye upayog curr sakati haye. naee davaayen vikasit karane vaali dawa companiyaan aam taur parr kewal dawa ummidvaaron mein nivesh karati hain joe dawa vikas kii apani laagat (whiffle honey vaale dawa ummidvaaron kii laagat sahit) koo chukaane aur laabh kamaane kii ranneeti key roop mein majboot patent sanrakshan key saath dawa ummidvaaron mein nivesh karati hain. ack brand-naam company kii khoj, pareekshan aur ack naee rasayanik ikai key saath ack naee dawa key liye niyaamak anumodan praapt karane kii ausat laagat, 2003 mein 800 million dollar aur 2014 mein 26 billion dollar honey kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa. nae utpaadon koo laane vaali dawa companiyon key paas kaee utpaad line vistaar ranneetiyaan hain jinka upayog way apani vishishtata kaa vistaar karane key liye karate hain, jinamen seey kuchh koo game system key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye aur alochakon dwara "sadabahar" label kiya jaataa haye, lekin kuchh bindu parr koee patent suraksha upalabdh naheen haye. jaba taka ack dawa kaa patent rahata haye, taba taka ack brand-naam company koo bajar vishishtata, yaa ekadhikar kii avadhi praapt hoti haye, jisamen company dawa kii keemat koo usa star parr nirdhaarit karane mein saksham hoti haye joe adhikatam laabh detaa haye. yeh laabh aksar dawa key vikas aur utpaadan laagat seey bahut adhik hotaa haye, jisase company koo anya davaaon key anusandhaan aur vikas kii laagat kii bharpai karane kii anumati milati haye joe laabhdaayak naheen hain yaa naidaanik parikshanon koo paarit naheen karate hain. aushadhiya utpaadon parr patent vishishtata key nuksan kaa prabhaav vibhinn utpaad vargon (jaise.jee., biologics banaam. chhote anu), badey paimaane parr aise utpaadon seey judee niyaamak, kanuni aur vinirmaan baadhaon key kaaran. vaastav mein, javic vigyaan aur jatil generic kshetra mein dekhi jaane vaali 'brand-brand' pratispardhi gatishilata kii adhik degree, patent vishishtata key nuksan key baad nirmaataon koo bajar hissedari kii behtar raksha karane kii anumati detee haye.
badee dawa companiyan aksar apane patent koo samanya pratispardha seey bachaane key liye laakhon kharch karati hain. mukdamebaji key alawa, way mool patent key tahat generic bechane key liye ack dawa yaa ack sahayak (yaa kissy anya company) key licenses mein sudhaar curr sakate hain. patent dhaarak seey licenses key tahat beche jaane vaale generic koo adhikrit generic key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
generic davaaon koo aamtaur parr unake branded samkaksh kii tulanaa mein kaafee cumm kimaton parr aur cumm laabh margine parr becha jaataa haye. iska ack kaaran yeh haye kii utpadakon key beach pratispardha badh jaati haye jaba ack dawa abb patent dwara sanrakshit naheen hoti haye. generic companiyon koo generic davaaon key nirmaan mein cumm laagat aatee haye-kewal nirmaan kii laagat, dawa kii khoj aur dawa vikas kii laagat key binaa-aur isaliye way cumm keemat parr laabhpradata banaae rakhane mein saksham hain. cumm samriddh deshon mein upayogkartaon key liye keematen aksar cumm hoti hain taaki way unhein wahan curr sakein. udaaharan key liye, thyland ney bhaarat seey rakt koo patala karane vaali dawa plavics (jiska upayog dill key daure koo rokane mein madad key liye kiya jaataa haye) key generic sanskaran kii laakhon khuraakon kaa ayaat kiya haye, joe generic davaaon kaa pramukh nirmaata haye, jisaki keemat prati khuraak 0.003 dollar haye.
generic dawa companiyon koo brand-naam company key pichhale vipanan prayason kaa laabh bhee mill sakata haye, jisamen vigyaapan, dawa pratinidhiyon dwara prastutiyaan aur muft namoonon kaa vitaran shamil haye. generic nirmaataon dwara pesh kii gaee kaee davaaen pahale seey hii ack dashak yaa usase adhik samay seey bajar mein hain aur rogiyon aur pradaataon key liye pahale seey hii achchi tarah seey jaani jaa sakati hain, halanki aksar unake branded naam key tahat.
bhaarat duniya key generic davaaon key bajar mein ack agrani desh haye, joe 2019-20 (aprail-march) varsh mein hamein $20 billion moolya kii davaaon kaa niryaat kartaa haye. bhaarat sanyukt raajya america aur europeeya sangh koo generic davaaon kaa niryaat kartaa haye. bajar anusandhaan samudaay key anusaar vaishvik generic davaaon key bajar kaa mulyankan 2021 mein $465.96 million kiya gayaa thaa aur purvanuman avadhi key dauran 2022-2028 seey 5.5% key cagger key saath badhane kii ummeed haye.
united kingdam mein, generic dawa moolya nirdhaaran sarkaar kii pratipurti darr dwara niyantrit kiya jaataa haye. pharmacist aur doctors dwara bhugtan kii gaee keemat mukhya roop seey licenses dharakon kii sankhya, mool brand key bikri moolya aur nirmaan kii aasaani seey nirdhaarit kii jaati haye. ack vishisht moolya kshay graph ack "scalloped" vakr dikhaayega, joe aamtaur parr samanya launch key dinn brand-naam kii keemat seey shuru hotaa haye aur phir pratispardha key tej honey parr girata haye. kuchh varshon key baad, graph aamtaur parr mool brand moolya key lagbhag 20 pratishat parr sapaat hoe jaataa haye. lagbhag 20 pratishat mamalon mein, keemat "uchhaal" aatee haih kuchh licenses dhaarak bajar seey taba nickle jaate hain jaba bikri moolya unaki vastuon kii laagat seey cumm hoe jaataa haye, aur phir keemat kuchh samay key liye badh jaati haye jaba taka kii licenses dhaarak nae stock key saath bajar mein phir seey pravesh naheen curr lete. aine. aich. aiss. ney 2016-17 mein generic davaaon parr lagbhag £3.3 billion kharch kiye.
2012 mein, america mein 84 pratishat prescription generic davaaon seey bharey hue they, aur 2014 mein, sanyukt raajya america mein generic davaaon key upayog seey hamein swaasthya dekhbhal mein 254 arab dollar kii bachat hui.
2010 key dashak key madhya mein generic udyog ney dawa udyog mein vishal patent chattanon key yug key anta mein sankraman shuru kiya; lagbhag 28 arab dollar kii bikri key saath patent davaaen 2018 mein patent seey baahar aaney key liye nirdhaarit kii gaee theen, lekin 2019 mein kewal 10 arab dollar kaa rajaswa pratispardha key liye khula thaa, aur agale varsh cumm. udyog mein companiyon ney naee davaaon koo utpann karane key liye samekan yaa prayaas karane key saath pratikriya dee haye.
viniyaman.
adhikansh vikasit deshon koo generic dawa nirmaataon koo yeh saabit karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye kii unake formulation unake brand-naam samkakshon key liye jaiv-samkaksh hain.
jaiv samatulyata kaa matlab yeh naheen haye kii generic davaaen brand-naam utpaad ("dawa samkaksh") key samaan honey chaahiye. rasayanik antar maujood hoe sakate hain; udaaharan key liye, ack alag namak yaa ester kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. vibhinn nishkriya avayavon kaa matlab haye kii samanya mool brand seey alag dikh sakata haye. haalaanki, dawa kaa chikitsiya prabhaav samaan honah chaahiye ("aushadhiya vikalp"). adhikansh chhote anu davaaon koo jaiv samatulya key roop mein sweekaar kiya jaataa haye yadi vakr (aeye. yuu. see.) key tahat kshetra key unake pharmacokinetic mapdand aur adhikatam sandrata (see. aim. aeye. aiks.) 80-125% key 90 pratishat vishvaas antaral key bheetar hain; sanyukt raajya america mein adhikansh anumodit generic iss seema key bheetar hain. adhik jatil utpaadon key liye-jaise kii inhaler, patch delivery system, liposomal taiyari, yaa biosemiller davaaen-pharmacodynamic yaa naidaanik samakakshata kaa pradarshan karna adhik chunautipurna haye.
sanyukt raajya america.
1984 mein lagu, dawa moolya pratispardha aur patent shabd bahaali adhiniyam, anaupchaarik roop seey hatch-waxman adhiniyam key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, generic davaaon kii maanyata key liye maankeekrit prakriyaaen. 2007 mein, aff. dee. aeye. ney moolya aur dakshata (dene) key liye samanya pahal shuru keeh generic dawa anumodan prakriya koo aadhunik banaane aur suvyavasthit karane kaa prayaas, aur upalabdh generic utpaadon kii sankhya aur vividhata koo badhaane key liye.
isase pahale kii koee company ack generic dawa kaa vipanan curr sakey, usey khaadya aur dawa prashaasan key saath ack sankshipt naee dawa aavedan (aurae) daayar karane kii aavashyakta haye, joe pahale seey anumodit "sandarbh-soochibaddh dawa" key saath chikitsiya samakakshata pradarshit karane kii maang kartaa haye aur yeh saabit kartaa haye kii yeh dawa surakshit roop seey aur lagaatar nirmaan curr sakata haye. ack enda koo anumodit karane key liye, fda key liye aavashyak haye kii kull dawa key sampark (vakr yaa auc key tahat kshetra dwara darshaaya gayaa) key liye jyaamitiya ausat pareekshan/sandarbh anupaat key 90 pratishat vishvaas antaral aur adhikatam plasma sandrata (semiex) 80-125% kii seema key bheetar aanaa chaahiye. (yeh seema ack saankhyikiya ganana kaa hissa haye, aur iska matlab yeh naheen haye kii generic davaaon koo unake brand-naam samkakshon seey 25 pratishat taka alag honey kii anumati haye.) aff. dee. aeye. ney 1996 aur 2007 key beach kiye gaye 2,070 adhyayanon kaa mulyankan kiya, jisamen kissy vyakti key shareer mein brand-naam aur generic davaaon key avashoshan kii tulanaa kii gaee. generic aur brand-naam dawa key beach avashoshan mein ausat antar 3.5 pratishat thaa, joe ack brand-naam dawa key dou baichon key beach key antar kii tulanaa mein thaa. javic davaaon, yaa biosemillers key gair-navonmeshak sanskaranon mein, jaiv samatulyata sthaapit karane vaale parikshanon key alawa pratirakshaatmaktaa key liye naidaanik parikshanon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. yeye utpaad batch-too-batch parivartansheelta aur unaki javic prakriti key kaaran poori tarah seey samaan naheen hoe sakate hain, aur way atirikt niyamon key adheen hain.
jaba ack aavedan koo manjuri dee jaati haye, tou fda apane anumodit dawa utpaadon mein chikitsiya samakakshata mulyankan soochi key saath generic dawa jodata haye aur sandarbh-soochibaddh dawa aur generic key beach samaantaa dikhaane key liye soochi koo tippani kartaa haye. aff. dee. aeye. una davaaon koo bhee pahachaantaa haye joe vibhinn jaiv upalabdhata key saath ack hii samagri kaa upayog karati hain aur unhein chikitsiya samakakshata samoohon mein vibhajit karati hain. udaaharan key liye, 2006 taka, diltiazem hydrochloride mein chaar samatulya samooh they, sabhi ack hii sakriya ghatak kaa upayog karate they, lekin pratyek samooh key bheetar hii samatulya maane jaate they.
navaanveshak dawa parr patent kii avadhi samaapt honey key turant baad ack dawa kii bikri shuru karane key liye, ack generic company koo patent kii avadhi samaapt honey seey pahale apani aur ack achchi tarah seey dakhil karna hotaa haye. yeh samanya company koo patent ullanghan key liye mukadama daayar kiye jaane key jokhim mein daaltaa haye, kyonki patent koo daayar karane key kaary koo "rachanaatmak ullanghan" maanaa jaataa haye. generic companiyon koo usa jokhim koo lene key liye protsaahit karane key liye hatch-waxman adhiniyam ney generic dawa nirmaataon koo 180-divasiya prashaasnik vishishtata avadhi pradaan kii, joe ack aur dawa daayar karane vaale pahale vyakti hain.
jaba dawa navpravartak yaa patent dhaarak seey patent mukadame kaa saamana karna padata haye, tou generic companiyan aksar patent kii vaidhata koo chunauti dete hue jawabi-daavaa karengi. niji pakshon key beach kissy bhee mukadame kii tarah, navpravartak aur samanya companiyan mukadame kaa niptara karane kaa vikalp chuna sakati hain. inmein seey kuchh niptan samjhauton koo adalaton dwara taba khariz curr diyaa gayaa jaba unhone riverse bhugtan patent niptan samjhauton kaa roop leey liya, jisamen samanya company mool roop seey mukadame koo chhodane key liye bhugtan sweekaar karati haye, samanya utpaad kii shuruat mein deree karati haye aur hatch-waxman adhiniyam key uddeshya koo nirash karati haye.
navpravartak companiyaan kabhi-kabhi patent kii avadhi samaapt honey key baad apani dawa seey kuchh rajaswa banaae rakhane kii koshish karati hain, ack anya company koo ack adhikrit generic bechane kii anumati dekar; 2011 aff. tii. see. kii ack report mein paaya gayaa kii jaba 180 dinon kii vishishtata avadhi key dauran ack adhikrit generic pesh kiya gayaa thaa tou upbhoktaon koo cumm laagat seey laabh huaa, kyonki isane pratispardha paida kii thee.
navaanveshak companiyaan aff. dee. aeye. key samaksh yeh tark bhee prastut curr sakati hain kii aff. dee. aeye. nagrik yachika daayar karke aeye. dee. aeye. koo sweekaar naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye. sanghiya sarkaar koo yachika daayar karane key liye vyaktiyon yaa sangathanon key adhikaar kii guaranti sanyukt raajya key samvidhaan key pahale sanshodhan dwara dee jaati haye. iss kaaran seey, fda ney aise niyam jaari kiye hain joe anya cheejon key alawa, kissy bhee samay, koee bhee "ichchuk vyakti" anurodh curr sakata haye kii fda "kissy viniyaman yaa adesh koo jaari karey, sanshodhit karey yaa radd karey", aur aisaa karane key liye ack prakriya nirdhaarit karey.
sweekriti.
kuchh generic davaaon koo doctors dwara sandeh key saath dekhaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, warfarin (cumedine) mein ack sankeern chikitsiya khidki hoti haye aur yeh sunishchit karane key liye kii rogiyon mein upa-chikitsiya yaa vishaakt star naheen haye, unhein baar-baar rakt pareekshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ontario mein kiye gaye ack adhyayan seey pataa chalaa kii komadin koo generic warferrin seey badalana surakshit thaa, lekin kaee chikitsak apane rogiyon koo branded generic samkaksh lene mein sahaj naheen hain. kuchh deshon mein (udaaharan key liye, australia) jahaan ack seey adhik brand naam key tahat ack dawa nirdhaarit kii jaati haye, doctor pharmacists koo nirdhaarit brand seey alag brand koo pratisthaapit karane kii anumati naheen dey sakate hain jaba taka kii upabhokta iska anurodh naheen kartaa haye.
dhokhadhadi.
1980 key dashak key anta mein generic davaaon kii manjuri key aspas ghotalon kii ack shrinkhala ney generic davaaon mein janata key vishvaas koo hilaa diyaa; aise kaee udaaharan they jinamen companiyon ney apane swayam key utpaad key bajaay apane parikshanon mein branded dawa kaa upayog karke dhokhadhadi seey jaiv samatulyata detta praapt kiya, aur ack congress kii jaanch mein fda mein bhrashtachar paaya gayaa, jahaan karmchari kuchh generic companiyon key avedanon koo manjuri dene key liye rishwat sweekaar curr rahey they aur dusaron koo deree yaa incar curr rahey they.
2007 mein, north carolina public radio kii "dha peepuls pharmacy" ney upbhoktaon kii shikayaton parr report karna shuru kiya kii bupropian (valbutrin) key samanya sanskaran apratyaashit prabhaav daal rahey they. baad mein, teeva pharmaceutical udyogon dwara vipanan kii jaane vaali impax prayogshalaon kii 300 milligram vistaarit-release goliyon koo 2012 mein fda dwara nirdhaarit kiye jaane key baad americi bajar seey vaapas leey liya gayaa kii way jaiv-samatulya naheen they.
generic davaaon kii gunavatta key saath samasyaaen-vishesh roop seey sanyukt raajya america key baahar utpaadit-2019 taka vyaapak hain. fda sanyukt raajya america key baahar utpaadan sthalon key vaarshik nireekshan seey cumm-kabhi-kabhi kartaa haye. aff. dee. aeye. aam taur parr nirikshanon kii agrim soochana detaa haye, jisase nireekshakon key aaney seey pahale samasyaon koo cover-upp kiya jaa sakata haye; bhaarat aur chean mein adhikansh generic dawa nirmaan sthalon parr bahut cumm yaa binaa kissy agrim soochana key kiye gaye nirikshanon ney gambhir samasyaon key saboot prastut kiye hain.
mukdamebaji.
dou mahilaaen, jinamen seey pratyek ney metoclopromide key samanya sanskaran seey gambhir chikitsa jatilataon kaa saamana karane kaa daavaa kiya haye, 23 juuna, 2011 koo apani sarvocch nyayalaya kii appeal khou dee. vee. adalat ney kahaa kii samanya companiyon koo moolkarta key label parr jaankaari, yaa jaankaari kii kamee key liye uttardaayi naheen thaharaaya jaa sakata haye.
bhaarat.
bhaarat sarkaar ney 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein bhaaratiya companiyon dwara adhik dawa nirmaan koo protsaahit karna shuru kiya, aur 1970 mein patent adhiniyam key saath. patent adhiniyam ney khaadya padarthon aur davaaon key liye sanrachana patent koo hataa diyaa, aur halanki isane prakriya patent rakhaa, inhen paanch seey saat saal kii avadhi key liye chhota curr diyaa gayaa. patent sanrakshan kii kamee ney bhaaratiya aur vaishvik donon baajaron mein ack sthaan banaaya jise bhaaratiya companiyon ney cumm laagat vaali davaaon key nirmaan key liye naee prakriyaon koo ulat-engineering seey bharaa. 2002 mein bhaaratiya chikitsa parishad dwara jaari naitikta sanhita mein chikitsakon koo kewal apane samanya naamon seey davaaen likhane kaa ahwan kiya gayaa haye. bhaarat duniya key generic davaaon key bajar mein ack agrani desh haye, jisamen sunn pharmaceuticals bhaarat kii sabse badee dawa company haye. bhaaratiya generic companiyon ney 2017-18 (aprail-march) varsh mein hamein $17.3 billion moolya kii davaaon kaa niryaat kiya.
1945-2017 mein, jaiv samatulyata adhyayan kewal una davaaon key liye aavashyak they joe chaar saal seey cumm purani hain. 2017 seey, kuchh vargon kii sabhi generic davaaon koo, chaahe vaha kissy bhee umr kii hoe, jaiv samatulyata koo anumodit karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
chean.
generic dawa utpaadan chean mein dawa udyog kaa ack badaa hissa haye. paschimi paryavekshakon ney kahaa haye kii chean mein patent key liye prashaasnik suraksha kaa abhaav haye. haalaanki, vishva vyaapaar sangathan mein pravesh ack majboot patent pranali laaya haye. chean sakriya dawa samagri kaa sabse badaa niryaatak banaa huaa haye, joe 2017 key anuman key anusaar vishva bajar kaa 40 pratishat haye.
2016 seey shuru honey vaali naee generic davaaon key liye jaiv samatulya adhyayan kii aavashyakta haye, jisamen purani davaaon kii bhee yojana banaai gaee haye. isake alawa, "inn vitro" vighatan vyavhaar milan key liye aavashyak haye. 2018 seey, davaaon key 44 vargon koo pareekshan seey chhoot dee gaee haye (kewal vighatan jaanch kii aavashyakta haye), aur 13 vargon koo kewal saralikrit pareekshan kii aavashyakta haye.
udyog.
2021 taka, kaee pramukh companiyan paaramparik roop seey generic davaaon key bajar mein haavi hain, jinamen vietrice (mylan aur upjohn kaa vilay), tewa, novartis sandos aur sunn farma shamil hain. paaramparik generic davaaon kii kimaton mein girawat aaee haye aur naee companiyan jaise bhaarat sthit sunn farma, arvindo farma aur dow. reddy kii prayogshalaon key saath-saath kanada-adharit apotex ney bajar mein hissedari lii haye, jisase biosemiller parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa haye.