
gaanv kii banking

graam banking ack sookshm rinn paddhati haye jisake tahat vittiya sevaaon koo aupchaarik baink mein kendrikrit karane key bajaay sthaaniya roop seey prashaasit kiya jaataa haye. graameen banking kii jadein pracheen sanskritiyon mein hain aur haal hii mein lagaton koo niyantrit karane key tareeke key roop mein sookshm-vitt sansthanon (aim. aff. aaee. aiss.) dwara upayog key liye apanaaya gayaa thaa. graameen baink dwara praarambhik aim. aff. aaee. graameen banking vidhiyon kaa navachar kiya gayaa thaa aur baad mein finca antarrashtriya sansthaapak johnn hatch jaise samoohon dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. america sthit gair-laabhkaari agencies mein cumm seey cumm 31 sookshm vitt sansthaan (aim. aff. aaee.) hain jinhone saamoohik roop seey cumm seey cumm 90 deshon mein 800 seey adhik graameen banking karyakram banaae hain. aur inmein seey kaee deshon mein mezban-desh aim. aff. aaee. hain-kabhi-kabhi darjanon-joe gaanv key banking vyavasaayi bhee hain.
karyapranali.
gaanv kaa baink 20-30 sadasyon kaa ack anaupchaarik swa-sahaayata samooh haye, joe mukhya roop seey mahila ghar kii mukhiya hoti haye. yadi karyakram "mission parr" haye, tou ack samanya graameen baink mein karyakram mein pravesh karane vaale sabhi nae sadasyon mein seey lagbhag 50 pratishat gambhir roop seey garib honge-joe hamaare $1 seey cumm dainik prati vyakti vyay (dee. pee. see.) vaale parivaaron kaa pratinidhitva karate hain; baaki madhyam roop seey garib hain (dee. pee. see. = $1-2/dinn) yaa gair-garib (dee. pee. see.> $2). yeye mahilaaen saptah mein ack baar apane kissy sadasya key ghar mein kamkaji poonji rinn, bachat karane key liye ack surakshit sthaan, kaushal prashikshan, margadarshan aur prerana kaa laabh uthaane key liye milati hain. rinn aam taur parr $50-$100 seey shuru hotey hain aur bachat seey judey hotey hain taaki ack graahak jitna adhik bachat karey utanaa adhik vaha udhaar leey sakey. samanya rinn avadhi chaar maheene kii hoti haye aur 16 saptahik kishton mein chukai jaati haye. 2006 key anta mein, 71 ngo key benchmark namoone aur graameen baink rinn dene mein lagey sansthanon mein shamil 95 pratishat graahak mahilaaen theen.
sampaarshvik (baink rinn praapt karane mein garib vyakti kii baadha) kii aavashyakta koo samaapt karane key liye, gaanv key baink ekjutata rinn paddhati key parivartan parr bharosa karate hain. yeh cross-guaranti kii ack pranali parr nirbhar kartaa haye, jahaan gaanv key baink kaa pratyek sadasya pratyek anya sadasya key rinn koo sunishchit kartaa haye. yeh pranali gaanv key baink key bheetar samajik dabaav kaa mahaul paida karati haye, jahan samajik sharmindagi kii laagat baink sadasyon koo apane rinon koo poori tarah seey chukaane key liye prerit karati haye. cross-guaranti aur samajik dabaav key mishran seey sabse garib logon key liye bhee rinn praapt karna sambhav hoe jaataa haye. yeh vidhi finca key liye bahut prabhaavi saabit hui haye, jisase isake vishvavyaapi network mein 97 pratishat seey adhik kii punarbhugataan darr praapt hui haye. 
graameen baink atyadhik loktaantrik, swa-prabandhit, jamini star key sangathan hain. way apane swayam key netaaon kaa chunaav karate hain, apane swayam key sadasyon kaa chayan karate hain, apane swayam key upa-kaanoon banaate hain, apani khud kii bahikhaataa karate hain, sabhi nidhiyon kaa prabandhan karate hain, sabhi nidhiyon kaa vitaran aur jamaa karate hain, rinn aparaadh samasyaon kaa samadhan karate hain, aur una sadasyon parr apana jurmana lagaate hain joe dair seey aatey hain, baithakon seey chook jaate hain, yaa apane bhugtan mein peechhe reh jaate hain.
gaanv key baink vikas key shuruati varshon mein kuchh ummeed thee kii yeye chhote gaanv key sangathan swatantra aur swa-vittaposhan bunn sakate hain, lekin yeh ummeed baad mein chhod dee gaee. aaj kaam curr rahey adhikansh graameen bainkon kii seedhe sthaaniya ngo yaa sookshm vitt sansthaan key karmchaariyon dwara nigrani kii jaati haye, jinase way apane rinn vittaposhan kaa adhikansh hissa praapt karate hain.
dhana key srot.
bajar byaaj darein graameen baink rinon parr lagu hoti hain. 2006 key anta mein, sthaaniya mudrasfeeti key prabhaav koo hataane key baad, graameen banking mein lagey 71 sookshm vitt sansthanon key liye ausat portfolio upaj 27.7% thee. gaanv kaa baink aamtaur parr iss darr koo taba chihnit karega jaba yeh vyaktigat sadasyon koo udhaar detaa haye. jabaki yeye darein adhik lagati hain, way adhikansh deshon mein sthaaniya saahukaaron dwara lagaae jaane vaale shulk kii tulanaa mein cumm hain. graameen bainkon aur rinn sanghon key vipareet yeye sookshm vitt sansthaan apane grahakon koo seedhe bachat sevaaen pradaan naheen karate hain.
rinon key liye poonji sabhi sadasyon dwara saamoohik roop seey guaranteekrit samay parr saptahik kist chukauti key saath finca dwara pradaan kii jaati haye-i.ee.ack sadasya kii kamee koo anya samooh key sadasyon dwara cover kiya jaanaa chaahiye. sookshm rinn kaa yeh sanyukt deyata roop vivadaspad haye, jisamen muhammad unus (udaaharan key liye) graameen baink key ekjutata samoohon mein sanyukt daayitva kii aupchaarik pranaliyon koo aswikar curr rahey hain.
finca.
duniya bhar mein finca key 20 sambaddhon mein credit adhikaariyon aur paryavekshakon sahit 10,000 seey adhik logon kaa jyaadaatar sthaaniya karmchari haye. pratyek credit adhikaari apani netritva samiti koo prashikshit karane aur baink kii gatividhiyon kii nigrani karane key liye apane pratyek graam bainkon kii saptahik baithak mein bhaag letaa haye. prerana aur vayask shiksha key alawa, credit adhikaari graahak kii upasthiti kii nigrani kartaa haye, bahikhaataa kii sateekta kii nigrani kartaa haye, vartamaan saptah key rinn aur bachat sangrah kii sateekta kii jaanch kartaa haye, aur pichhali baithak kii jamaa raseed key samay kii jaanch kartaa haye. badale mein, pratyek graam baink kaa prabandhan usake nirvaachit adhikaariyon dwara kiya jaataa haye-ack adhyaksh (joe baink kii loktaantrik nirnay lene kii prakriya kaa netritva kartaa haye), sachiv (joe upasthiti letaa haye aur minut rakhta haye) aur ack khajanchi (sabhi nakad lenden koo sateek roop seey sambhaalane key liye jimmedaar). anta mein, pratyek graam banker kii apani passbook hoti haye, aur rinn bhugtan aur bachat jamaa kii usaki darj kii gaee shesh raashi hamesha pratyek graahak key liye khajaane key record mein darj raashi key samaan honey chaahiye.

