
pranodan pranali dwara vaahan vargeekaran

vaahan pranodan pranaliyon key kaee sanskaran hain. unamen seey kaee swachchh vaahanon kii aavashyakta key kaaran safal hue. unamen seey pratyek mein kaee sankshipt shabd hoe sakate hain aur kuchh bhraamak hoe sakate hain. yeh lekh jald hii bataata haye kii unhein kyaa paribhaashit kartaa haye.
ev-electric vaahan.
inn vaahanon koo cumm seey cumm ack vidyut motor dwara chalaaya jaataa haye. ack achchha udaaharan ack vidyut injan haye joe seedhe oopar seey taar yaa teesari rail seey bijli kheench rhaa haye. "electric vaahan" koo aksar chaturai seey "vidyuteekrit vaahan" key saath badala jaataa haye joe yeh nirdisht naheen kartaa haye kii vaastav mein kiss tarah key powertrain vaahan mein haye. vidyut vaahanon mein pranodan key liye koee dwiteeyak srot naheen hotaa haye, jaise kii aantarik dahan injan joe yaantrik roop seey pahiyon seey judaa hotaa haye. yeh shabd yeh nirdisht naheen kartaa haye kii kyaa vaahan baahari shakti srot parr nirbhar kartaa haye yaa usamen yeh haye.
udaaharan-vidyut injan, trolleybus
pee. ee. vee.-plug-inn vidyut vaahan.
vaikalpik sankshipt roopah dhuri (plug-inn vaahan). kabhi-kabhi ise "plug-inn vidyuteekrit vaahan" bhee kahaa jaataa haye. una sabhi vaahanon key liye vyaapak roop seey aspasht shabd faile hain jinhen recharge karane key liye plug kiya jaa sakata haye aur cumm seey cumm aanshik roop seey vidyut pranodan key saath sthanantarit kiya jaa sakata haye.
bee. ee. vee.-battery chaalit vidyut vaahan.
vaikalpik sankshipt roopah ev (vidyut vaahan), avy (sabhi vidyut vaahan). inn vaahanon koo cumm seey cumm ack vidyut motor dwara chalaaya jaataa haye joe onboard battery seey bijli praapt karati haye. oorjaa koo asthaayi roop seey ack alag upkaran (flywheel, supercapacitor) mein rakhaa jaa sakata haye. aam taur parr una sabhi vaahanon key liye "battery" shabd chhodane key liye sweekaar kiya jaataa haye jinamen yeh spasht roop seey board parr hotaa haye.
udaaharan key liyeh electric kaar (nissan leaf, tesla model), electric forklift, segway, battery electric buss, electric scooter.
havy-sankar vidyut vaahan.
vaikalpik sankshipt roopah fave (poorna sankar vidyut vaahan). yeye vaahan aantarik dahan injan dwara utpann oorjaa dwara sanchaalit hotey hain. mandata yaa dhalaan parr gaadi chalaane key dauran punah praapt oorjaa koo sangraheet kiya jaataa haye (aamtaur parr battery-sandharitra, flywheel aur anya vidhiyaan upalabdh hoti hain) aur baad mein injan sahaayata, sahayak karyon yaa cumm doori key liye dahan injan koo shuru kiye binaa pranodan key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. inn vaahanon mein ack saaket naheen haye isaliye unhein grid seey recharge naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. sabhi oorjaa dahan injan seey utpann hoti haye. havy-aiss koo binaa dahan injan key cumm doori key liye vidyut shakti parr chalaaya jaa sakata haye.
toyota ney ack shabd "self charging hybrid" banaaya joe bahut bhraamak haye. yeh vaastav mein sirf ack sankar vidyut vaahan haye. yeh chalane vaale dahan injan seey charge curr sakata haye, halanki aisaa karane seey seedhe injan seey bijli kaa upayog karane seey adhik eendhan kaa upayog hoga.
udaaharan-toyota prius sankar.
aim. aich. vee.-halka sankar vaahan.
vaikalpik sankshipt roopah mev (halke sankar vidyut vaahan), have kaa upaprakaar. yeye sankar vidyut vaahanon key samaan hain lekin aantarik dahan injan kii madad key binaa naheen chalaae jaa sakate hain. aim. aich. vee. powertrain aamtaur parr aich. ee. vee. kii tulanaa mein cumm jatil hotaa haye. aksar dahan injan compact belt chaalit 48v starter-generator motor seey lais hotaa haye joe starter aur generator kii jagah letaa haye aur ack 48v battery jodee jaati haye. uchch voltage key kaaran, jaba gati cumm hoe yaa neeche jaa rahee hoe tou adhik oorjaa praapt kii jaa sakati haye. vidyut motor vaahan key saath injan koo gear mein shuru curr sakati haye aur ruke hue dahan injan key saath sucharu aur tatkaal udaan bhar sakati haye.
48vee starter-generator koo bhee alag tarah seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye aur sancharan yaa clutch dwara dahan injan seey alag kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh 48v vidyut motor koo dahan injan shuru kiye binaa vaahan koo sthanantarit karane kii anumati dey sakata haye. iss mamle mein 48v susajjit vaahan koo sankar vidyut vaahan key roop mein ginaa jaanaa chaahiye.
udaaharan-hundai tuxon 48vee
micro-hybrid vaahan.
aparyaapt roop seey alag karane yogya prakaar kaa powertrain bhramit kartaa haye. swachaalit praarambh aur stop kaary aur smart ulternator key saath aantarik dahan injan vaahan (aisvi) koo aksar micro-hybrid vaahan kahaa jaataa haye. aksar start aind stop vaahan mein beefiyar starter battery, oobad-khabad starter motor aur shayed adhik shaktishali ulternator hotaa haye, halanki yeh kitna haye, isase anirdisht hotaa haye. micro hybrid powertrain dahan injan koo vaahan koo sthanantarit karane mein madad karane key liye sangraheet shakti kaa upayog naheen curr sakata haye kyonki isamen ack vidyut motor naheen haye joe vaahan key gati mein honey key dauran luggy hui haye. isamen ack starter haye. jaise iswo. bhram seey bachane key liye aise shabd kaa upayog karane kii anushansa naheen kii jaati haye jiska arth haye ack vaahan parr "sankar" shabd jiska pranodan key liye maadhyamik srot naheen haye. micro-hybrid vaahanon koo auto start aind stop function key saath niyamit burf key roop mein ginaa jaanaa chaahiye.
fave-hybrid electric vaahan mein plug.
yeye vaahan dou yaa dou seey adhik oorjaa sroton dwara sanchaalit hotey hain. unamen seey ack battery mein sangraheet vidyut oorjaa haye. doosara dahan injan haye joe pratyaksh yaa apratyaksh roop seey pahiyon koo ghumaata haye. inn vaahanon kaa upayog poori tarah seey vidyut mode mein kiya jaa sakata haye aur kabhi bhee dahan injan naheen chalaaya jaa sakata haye. way jeevaashm eendhan parr bhee chala sakate hain aur kabhi bhee recharge naheen kiye jaa sakate hain, halanki iss mamle mein way sankar vidyut vaahanon seey behtar naheen hain. aamtaur parr vidyut seema jeevaashm eendhan adharit seema kii tulanaa mein kaafee cumm hoti haye.
irev-vistaarit renz vidyut vaahan.
vaikalpik sankshipt roopah rexave (vistaarit vidyut vaahan), reev (vistaarit vidyut vaahan), bvx. bee. vee. kaa upaprakaar. yeh vaahan vidyut motor dwara sanchaalit haye joe jyaadaatar battery mein sangraheet oorjaa dwara sanchaalit hotaa haye. yadi battery ack dwiteeyak oorjaa srot seey samaapt hoe jaati haye, tou aamtaur parr dahan injan sanchaalit vidyut generator, ander pravesh karega aur yatra jaari rakhane key liye vidyut motor koo shakti pradaan karega. joe vaahan mukhya key roop mein dwiteeyak oorjaa srot koo sambhal legaa, usey vistaarit seema ev key roop mein naheen balki niyamit fave key roop mein ginaa jaayega. nirmaata koo renz extender key laparwah aur anuchit upayog koo hatotsaahit karna hoga. vaahan koo agale awagaman key liye baahari srot seey recharge kiya jaanaa chaahiye yaa battery samaapt mode mein karyatmak roop seey seemit honah chaahieh udaaharan key liye, seemit pradarshan, vidyut seema seey cumm vistaarit seema aur seemit sheersh gati-yeye vaahan key jivankal mein peev kii tulanaa mein kaafee behtar utsarjan kamee sunishchit karenge.
vyaapak roop seey bechi jaane vaali shrinkhala-utpaadan kaar joe iss vargeekaran mein fitt baithati haye, vaha bmw aaee3 haye joe renz extender key saath haye. yeh vaahan kamee key baad battery koo recharge kiye binaa samanya roop seey kaam karane mein asamarth haye. renz extender samanya twaran key liye paryaapt shakti utpann karane mein asamarth haye aur usee samay kebin koo germ bhee kartaa haye. generator bhee vaahan key jivankal taka naheen chalane vaalaa haye kyonki ise harr samay upayog karane key liye design naheen kiya gayaa thaa. humm mein, carb niyamon kaa paalan karane key liye eendhan tank koo kritrim roop seey aakar mein cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa. chevrolet volt jaise vaahanon mein generator hotey hain joe binaa kissy seema key vidyut powertrain koo shakti pradaan curr sakate hain aur isaliye inhen vistaarit renz key vidyut vaahanon key roop mein ginaa jaanaa chaahiye.
udaaharan key liyeh bmw aaee3 rakes
aisvi-aantarik dahan injan vaahan.
yeye vaahan kewal aantarik dahan injan dwara sanchaalit hotey hain. lagbhag sabhi vaahanon mein ack starter motor hoti haye joe injan koo crank karegi. ulternator koo starter battery dwara khilaaya jaa rhaa haye. usa battery koo ulternator dwara recharge kiya jaataa haye jise injan dwara ghumaaya jaataa haye. utpann bijli kaa upayog starter battery koo recharge karane key liye kiya jaataa haye aur spark plug, light, pankhe jaise sabhi sahayak karyon koo bhee chalaaya jaataa haye. adhik unnat vaahan paristhitiyon key anusaar ulternator load koo samaayojit karane mein saksham hoe sakate hain. udaaharan key liye, gati badhaate samay (battery seey sabhi aavashyak sahayak shakti praapt karate hue) aur dheemi gati seey aur break lagaate samay twarit darr parr starter battery charge karate hue, ulternator koo binaa bhaar key chalane dein. ise niradhar roop seey micro-hybrid powertrain kahaa jaataa haye, joe bhraamak vipanan shabd haye. yadi board parr koee vidyut motor dahan injan kii madad key liye tork lagaane mein saksham haye tou usa vaahan koo halke sankar vaahan kahaa jaanaa chaahiye.
udaaharan-niyamit kaar, motorcycle, truck
aff. see. ee. vee.-eendhan cell vidyut vaahan.
vaikalpik sankshipt roopah aff. see. vee. (eendhan cell sankar vaahan), aff. see. vee. (eendhan cell vaahan), aich. aff. see. vee. (hydrogen eendhan cell vaahan), aich. aff. see. ee. vee. (hydrogen eendhan cell vidyut vaahan). yeh prakaar vaastav mein vidyut vaahan haye joe jahaaj parr eendhan cell kaa upayog karke utpann vidyut oorjaa dwara sanchaalit hotaa haye. eendhan koshika paani aur bijli banaane key liye hydrogen tankon mein sangraheet hydrogen aur havaa seey oxygen kaa upayog karati haye. paani koo fenk diyaa jaataa haye lekin bijli kaa upayog pranodan key liye kiya jaataa haye. isi tarah sankar vidyut vaahan key liye, ack chhoti karshan battery haye. usa battery kaa upayog dheemi gati seey oorjaa praapt karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, aur eendhan cell dwara pahale seey banaai gaee oorjaa bhee. eendhan koshikaaen tatkaal naheen hoti hain-twaran aur bijli utpaadan key liye chaalak anurodh key beach ack mahatvapurna deree hoti haye-eendhan koshika koo hydrogen gais aur bijli utpann karane key liye taaji havaa key saath visfot kiya jaanaa chaahiye. battery, sandharitra yaa flywheel mein kuchh oorjaa aasaani seey upalabdh rakhane seey usa deree koo rokaa jaataa haye. inn vaahanon mein ack saaket naheen haye isaliye unhein grid seey recharge naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. sabhi oorjaa eendhan koshika seey utpann hoti haye.
udaaharan key liyeh toyota mirai
pee. aff. see. vee.-eendhan cell vaahan mein plug.
vaikalpik sankshipt roopah pee. aff. see. ee. vee. (eendhan cell vidyut vaahan mein plug), pee. aff. see. vee. (eendhan cell sankar vaahan mein plug), pee. aff. see. ee. vee. (eendhan cell sankar vidyut vaahan mein plug), pee. aich. see. ee. vee. (sankar eendhan cell vidyut vaahan mein plug). yeh vaahan eendhan cell vidyut vaahan key samaan haye lekin isamen ack saaket haye aur ise grid seey recharge kiya jaa sakata haye. battery kii sambhavana kaafee badee haye-joe kii hybrid electric vaahan mein plug karane key barabar haye. iss prakaar key vaahan kaa upayog poori tarah seey bijli charge karke yaa poori tarah seey eendhan cell dwara utpann bijli parr kiya jaa sakata haye.
udaaharan key liyeh mercedez benz jee. ell. see. aff-cell
pashu-chaalit vaahan.
iss vaahan koo ack janwar dwara sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye. kuchh vaahan mukhya roop seey logon koo leey jaane key liye banaae gaye they aur anya mukhya roop seey saman key liye banaae gaye they. audyogik kranti seey pahale yeh mukhya parivahan vidhi thee.
udaaharan key liyeh ghode seey kheencha gayaa vaahan
aich. pee. vee.-maanav-sanchaalit vaahan.
yeh vaahan maanav dwara sanchaalit hotaa haye-aamtaur parr kewal ack-chaalak. gatij oorjaa punarpraapti key liye battery, flywheel key sandharitra jaise ack buffering upkaran hoe sakate hain joe seedhe yaa vidyut motor key saath tork lagu curr sakate hain. lekin ise maanav prayaas key binaa recharge naheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
udaaharan key liyeh saikil, valotexy (recharge key liye binaa saaket key)
hehvi-maanav-vidyut sankar vaahan.
yeh vaahan yaa tou maanav yaa sangraheet vidyut oorjaa dwara sanchaalit hotaa haye. sabse adhik sambhavana haye kii isamen battery recharge key liye ack plug key saath ack saaket yaa vaapas lene yogya cable haye. battery koo alag seey hataaya aur charge bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. vaahan mein saur panel bhee hoe sakate hain aur maanav prayaas key binaa battery koo recharge karane mein saksham hoe sakate hain. yadi saur sthaapana oorjaa kaa mahatvapurna hissa utpann karane mein saksham haye tou usa vaahan koo saur-maanav sankar vaahan maanaa jaa sakata haye.
udaaharan key liyeh electric saikil (paddle honah chaahiye)
seey. vee.-saur vidyut vaahan.
una vaahanon key liye prastaavit sankshipt naam joe saur oorjaa key saath apani seema key mahatvapurna hisse koo recharge curr sakate hain aur jinamen sankar powertrain naheen haye. saur vaahan" shabd kaa tatparya aamtaur parr yeh haye kii saur oorjaa kaa upayog vaahan key pranodan key sabhi yaa hisse koo shakti dene key liye kiya jaataa haye. isaliye, upayogi battery kshamata kaa cumm seey cumm aadhaa (vaahan seema kaa aadhaa) samanya sanchaalan paridrishyon jaise kii ack dinn key dauran plug kiye binaa recharge kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
isaliye jinn vaahanon kii doori adhik haye, unhein adhik saur oorjaa praapt karni chaahiye. joe vaahan saur oorjaa seey apani niyamit seema key aadhe seey adhik charge karane mein asamarth hain, unhein abhee bhee halke saur oorjaa seey sanchaalit kahaa jaa sakata haye yadi way saur oorjaa seey cumm seey cumm kuchh seema praapt curr sakate hain.
udaaharan-saur vimaan, mars rover.
guha-sampeedit-vayu vaahan.
sampeedit vayumandaliya gais key vistaar seey sanchaalit vaahan. yadi vaahan mein pranodan key liye ack dwiteeyak oorjaa srot haye tou ise see. aeye. aich. vee.-sampeedit vayu sankar vaahan key roop mein ginaa jaanaa chaahiye.
paramanu-sanchaalit vaahan.
board parr ack paramanu reactor vaalaa vaahan joe vaahan pranodan key liye oorjaa utpann kartaa haye. paramanu kshay varshon taka garmi kaa sthir srot banaata haye jiska upayog seedhe yaa bijli mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye. aksar vaahan kii charam maangon koo puuraa karane key liye battery jodee jaati haye.
udaaharan-paramanu pandubbi, samudrayan, dridhata (rover).
ee. see. ee. vaahan-baahari dahan injan vaahan.
baahari dahan injan (sankshipt mein ee. see. injan yaa ee. see.) ack aitihaasik injan prakaar haye. yeh injan shaktishali thaa, lekin ise banaana mahanga thaa. bhaap injan aur bhaap kaaren baahari dahan injan sanchaalit vaahan (yaa ee. see. ee. vee.) they jinka upayog aajkal naheen kiya jaataa haye. unhein aantarik dahan injan vaahanon (yaa burf) dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye.
udaaharan-bhaap injan, bhaap kaar

