
prishth (computer smriti)

ack prishth, smriti prishth, yaa aabhaasi prishth aabhaasi smriti kaa ack nishchit-lambai sannihit khand haye, jise prishth talika mein ack pravishti dwara varnit kiya gayaa haye. yeh aabhaasi smriti sanchaalan pranali mein smriti prabandhan key liye detta kii sabse chhoti ikai haye. isi tarah, ack prishth frame bhautik smriti kaa sabse chhota nishchit-lambai sannihit khand haye jisamen smriti prishthon koo operating system dwara mapp kiya jaataa haye.
mukhya smriti aur ack sahayak store key beach prishthon key hastaantaran, jaise kii haard disk drive, koo paging yaa swapping key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
spashteekaran.
computer memori koo prishthon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye taaki jaankaari adhik jaldi mill sakey.
iss avadharana kaa naam ack mudrit pustak key prishthon key anuroop rakhaa gayaa haye. udaaharan key liye, yadi koee paathak pustak mein 5,000vaan shabd khojana chaahata haye, tou way pahale shabd seey ginn sakate hain. isamen samay lagega. yeh bahut teji seey hoga yadi paathak key paas pratyek prishth parr kitane shabd hain, isaki soochi hoe. iss soochi seey way yeh nirdhaarit curr sakate hain kii kaun saa prishth 5,000vaan shabd dikhaai detaa haye, aur usa prishth parr kitane shabd ginane hain. pustak key prati prishth shabdon kii yeh soochi computer file system key prishth talika key anuroop haye.
prishth kaa aakar.
prishth aakar kaa vyaapaar-bund.
prishth kaa aakar aamtaur parr processor vastukala dwara nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye. paaramparik roop seey, ack pranali mein prishthon kaa aakar samaan thaa, jaise kii 4,096 bites. haalaanki, processor design aksar apane laabhon key kaaran dou yaa dou seey adhik, kabhi-kabhi ack saath, prishth aakar kii anumati dete hain. aise kaee bindu hain joe sabse achche prishth aakar koo chunane mein kaarak hoe sakate hain.
prishth talika kaa aakar.
ack chhote prishth aakar vaali pranali adhik prishthon kaa upayog karati haye, jisake liye ack prishth talika kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe adhik sthaan letee haye. udaaharan key liye, yadi ack 232 aabhaasi pataa sthaan koo 4 kib (212 bites) prishthon parr mapp kiya jaataa haye, tou aabhaasi prishthon kii sankhya 220 = (232/212) haye. haalaanki, yadi prishth kaa aakar 32 kib (215 bites) taka badhaa diyaa jaataa haye, tou kewal 217 prishthon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ack bahu-stariya prishthankan algorithm prishth talika koo aage chhote taalikaon mein vibhajit karke, prishth talika koo prabhaavi roop seey prishth talika mein vibhajit karke pratyek prakriya key liye ack badee prishth talika aavantit karane kii smriti laagat koo cumm curr sakata haye.
tii. ell. bee. kaa upayog.
choonki smriti taka pratyek pahunch koo aabhaasi seey bhautik patey taka mapp kiya jaanaa chaahiye, isaliye harr baar prishth talika koo padhana kaafee mahanga hoe sakata haye. isaliye, ack bahut hii tez prakaar kaa kaish, anuvaad lookside buffer (tlb), aksar upayog kiya jaataa haye. tii. ell. bee. seemit aakar kaa hotaa haye, aur jaba yeh kissy diye gaye anurodh (ack "tii. ell. bee. miss") koo santusht naheen curr sakata haye tou sahee maanchitran key liye prishth taalikaon koo manual roop seey (yaa tou hardware yaa software mein, vastukala key aadhar parr) khoja jaanaa chaahiye. badey prishth aakar kaa matlab haye kii ack hii aakar kaa ack tii. ell. bee. kaish badee matra mein smriti kaa dhyaan rakh sakata haye, joe mahange tii. ell. bee. chook seey bachaata haye.
aantarik vikhandan.
shayed hii kabhi prakriyaon key liye prishthon kii sateek sankhya key upayog kii aavashyakta hoti haye. natijatan, antim prishth sambhavatah kewal aanshik roop seey bharaa hoga, jisase kuchh matra mein smriti barbad hoe jaayegi. badey prishth aakar badee matra mein vyarth smriti kii or leey jaate hain, kyonki smriti key adhik sambhaavit aprayukt bhaag mukhya smriti mein load kiye jaate hain. chhote prishth aakar ack aavantan mein aavashyak smriti kii vaastavik raashi key karib milan sunishchit karate hain.
udaaharan key liye, maan leejiye kii prishth kaa aakar 1024 kib haye. yadi koee prakriya 1025 kib aavantit karati haye, tou dou prishthon kaa upayog kiya jaanaa chaahiye, jisake parinamswarup 1023 kib aprayukt sthaan (jahaan ack prishth poori tarah seey 1024 kib aur doosara kewal 1 kib kaa upbhog kartaa haye).
disk pahunch.
ack ghoornan disk seey sthanantarit karate samay, adhikansh deree khoj samay key kaaran hoti haye, disk plate key oopar padhane/likhane vaale sheersh koo sahee dhang seey sthaapit karane mein lagane vaalaa samay. isake kaaran, badey kramik hastaantaran kaee chhote hastantaranon kii tulanaa mein adhik kushal hain. disk seey memori mein samaan matra mein detta sthanantarit karane key liye aksar chhote prishthon kii tulanaa mein badey prishthon key saath cumm samay kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
prishth aakar koo kramaadeshik roop seey praapt karna.
adhikansh operating system programon koo runtime parr prishth key aakar kii khoj karane kii anumati dete hain. yeh karyakramon koo iss aakar key aavantan koo sanrekhit karke aur prishthon key samagr aantarik vikhandan koo cumm karke smriti kaa adhik kushalata seey upayog karane kii anumati detaa haye.
unix aur posics-adharit operating system.
unix aur posics-adharit pranaaliyan system function cock _ 1 kaa upayog curr sakati hain, jaisa kii see prograaming bhasha mein likhe gaye nimnalikhit udaaharan mein darshaaya gayaa haye.
int maine (shoonya)
 printf ("iss pranali key liye prishth kaa aakar% ld bites haye.\aine, 
 sysconf (_ sc _ pagesize);/* _ sc _ page _ size bhee thheek haye. */
 vaapas 0;
kaee unix pranaliyon mein, kamaand-line upayogita cock _ 2 kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye.
udaaharan key liye, cocu _ 3 prishth key aakar koo bites mein vaapas curr dega.
windows-adharit operating system.
winn32-adharit operating system, jaise kii windows 9x aur windows aine. tii. parivaaron mein, system function cock _ 5 seey cock _ 4 kaa upayog curr sakate hain.
int maine (shoonya)
 system _ info;
 systeminfo (& si);
 printf ("iss pranali key liye prishth kaa aakar% yuu bites haye.\aine, "see.dwpages);
 vaapas 0;
kaee prishth aakar.
kuchh nirdesh sett vastukala kaee prishth aakaron kaa samarthan curr sakate hain, jisamen maanak prishth aakar seey kaafee badey prishth shamil hain. upalabdh prishth aakar nirdesh sett vastukala, processor prakaar aur sanchaalan (pataa lagaane) mode parr nirbhar kartaa haye. operating system vastukala dwara samarthit aakaron seey ack yaa adhik aakaron kaa chayan kartaa haye. dhyaan dein kii sabhi processor sabhi paribhaashit badey prishth aakaron koo lagu naheen karate hain. badey prishthon key liye yeh samarthan (linux mein "vishal prishth", freebsd mein "superpage", aur microsoft windows aur ibm aiks shabdawali mein "badey prishth" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) "donon duniyaon key sarvshreshth" key liye anumati detaa haye, badey aavantan key liye tlb kaish (kabhi-kabhi 15 pratishat taka kii gati badhaana) parr dabaav koo cumm kartaa haye, jabaki abhee bhee chhote aavantan key liye ack uchit star parr smriti upayog rakhta haye.
pentium pro aur amd athlon seey shuru karate hue, x86 processor apane maanak 4 kib pays key alawa 4 aim. aaee. bee. pays (jise pays size extension kahaa jaataa haye) (2 aim. aaee. bee. pays yadi pee. aeye. ee. kaa upayog karate hain) kaa samarthan karate hain; nae x 86-64 processor, jaise kii amd key nae amd64 processor aur intell key westmere aur baad mein zion processor lambe mode mein 1 jee. aaee. bee. pays kaa upayog curr sakate hain. aaee. aeye.-64 4 kib seey laker 256 mib taka key aathh alag-alag prishth aakaron kaa samarthan kartaa haye, aur kuchh anya vastukalaon mein samaan visheshtaen hain. 
adhikansh samkaaleen vyaktigat computers mein upayog kiye jaane vaale processors mein upalabdh honey key bavjood, badey paimaane key anuprayogon koo chhodkar badey prishth aam upayog mein naheen hain, anuprayog aamtaur parr badey sarvaron aur computational samoohon mein paae jaate hain, aur operating system mein hii. aamtaur parr, unake upayog key liye uchch visheshadhikaron kii aavashyakta hoti haye, badey aavantan karane vaale anuprayog seey sahyog (aamtaur parr badey prishthon key liye operating system seey poochhane key liye ack jhanda sett karna), yaa manual prashaasak vinyas; operating system aamtaur parr, kabhi-kabhi design dwara, unhein disk parr prishth naheen curr sakate hain.
haalaanki, aiss. jee. aaee. aaee. aar. aaee. aiss. mein kaee prishth aakaron key liye samanya-uddeshya samarthan haye. pratyek vyaktigat prakriya sanket pradaan curr sakati haye aur operating system swachaalit roop seey patey key sthaan key diye gaye kshetra key liye sabse badey prishth aakar kaa upayog karega. baad mein kaam ney poorv-nirdhaarit aarakshan, avasarvaadi prachaar, atkalon aur vikhandan niyantran key madhyam seey aparivartit anuprayogon key liye prishth aakaron key mishran kaa upayog karane key liye pardarshi operating system samarthan kaa prastaav rakhaa.
linux ney 2.6 shrinkhala key baad seey cock _ 6 file system key madhyam seey aur binaa cock _ 6 key kaee architectures parr vishal prishthon kaa samarthan kiya haye kyonki 2.6.38. windows server 2003 (sp1 aur nayaa), windows vista aur windows server 2008 badey prishthon key naam key tahat vishal prishthon kaa samarthan karate hain. windows 2000 aur windows xp aantarik roop seey badey prishthon kaa samarthan karate hain, lekin unhein anuprayogon key liye ujagar naheen karate hain. sanskaran 9 seey shuru hocker, solaris spark aur x86 parr badey prishthon kaa samarthan kartaa haye.
freebsd 7.2-release mein superpage hain. dhyaan dein kii haal hii mein linux mein, badey prishthon kaa upayog karane key liye anuprayogon koo sanshodhit karane kii aavashyakta thee. 2.6.38 kernell ney vishal prishthon key pardarshi upayog key liye samarthan kii shuruat kii. pardarshi vishal prishthon kaa samarthan karane vaale linux kernell key saath-saath freebsd aur solaris parr, anuprayog swachaalit roop seey badey prishthon kaa laabh uthaate hain, binaa sanshodhan kii aavashyakta key.

