
maith kaa swami

meath kaa swami madhyayugeen ireland mein ack vyaapak seagnurial swatantrata thee jise ingland key raajaa heinry dwiteeya dwara pachas shurveeron kii seva aur lagbhag shaahi adhikaar key saath hyug dee lessie koo pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. yeh prabhutva lagbhag madhyayugeen meath samrajya key saath saha-vyaapak thaa. apani sabse badee seema parr, isamen sabhi aadhunik county fingle, meath (joe raajya seey iska naam letaa haye), westmeath key saath-saath county cavan, kildare, longford, louth aur offley key kuchh hisse shamil they. prabhuta yaa jagir koo kissy anya ayrish swatantrata mein anandit visheshadhikaron seey bharaa gayaa thaa, jisamen aagajani, jangal, balatkar aur khajaane key chaar shaahi anurodh shamil they.
prishthabhoomi.
ireland key norman aakraman key baad, raajaa heinry dwiteeya ney 1171 mein norman sahsi aur mool ayrish donon parr apana adhikaar sthaapit karane key liye ireland kaa daura kiya. haalaanki, vaha desh koo ack kendriya niyantran mein laane mein whiffle rahey. heinry ney kewal "ireland key swami" kii upaadhi kaa daavaa kiya, jise unhone apane bete, johnn "lackland" koo diyaa. johnn aur unake uttaradhikari 16veen shatabdi taka ireland key swami baney rahey. ack kendriya sarkaar key bajaay, shaahi neeti vyaktigat swami pada koo badhaava dene key liye thee. ack dwiteeyak uddeshya key roop mein, heinry kaa uddeshya richard dee clair, pembroke key dusare earle (jise aamtaur parr "strongbo" kahaa jaataa haye) kii shakti koo todana aur geraldine koo vibhajit karna thaa. unhone sweekaar kiya kii way unaki mahatvakankshaon parr ankush lagaane mein asamarth they, lekin kissy bhee ack bairan key paas aisee shakti kaa aadhar honey seey bachana chaahte they joe ack dinn unake apane kshetra key liye khatra bunn sakata thaa. isaliye unhone nae logon-apane swayam key wafadaron koo pada aur nava nirmit prabhuta kii bhoomi pradaan kii. iss yojana key anuroop, unhone waterford, cork aur doublin key pramukh bandargaahon key saath-saath vikalo tata kii ack patti koo apane haathon mein rakhaa. unhone morris fitzgerald koo "doublin key keeper" key roop mein harve dee clair key saath pratisthaapit kiya, joe montmorney key swami they joe fitzgerald key behnoi aur strongbo key chaacha they. montmorney ney raymond "leey gross" seey majboot dhanush kii senaa kii kamaan bhee sambhali, jise raajaa ney vaapas bulaakar usey vaapas bulaa liya. unhone aakraman mein ack aur pramukh chaal-meal dee kogan-koo wells key liye bhee leey liya. march 1172 mein, raajaa ney pachas shurveeron kii seva dwara hugg day lessie koo maith kaa swami pada pradaan kiya. johnn dee coursey koo unhone alster pradaan kiya "aggar vaha ise jeet sakata thaa."yeye swami apani bhoomi parr daavaa karane aur unhein surakshit karane key liye apani aakraamakta parr nirbhar they. mahal, apani rakshaatmak aur aakramak kshamataon key saath-saath apani prateekaatmak sthiti key kaaran, prabhuta key kshetra parr haavi honey key liye apariharya they.
lessie koo anudan dein.
meath kaa anudan briefney key raajaa tigheran oh ruerk dwara sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone usa samay iss parr shasson kiya thaa. 1172 kii shuruat mein ward kii pahaadi parr ack takraav key baad, ruerk koo maar diyaa gayaa aur day lessie ney niyantran grahan curr liya.
raajaa heinry ney nyaayvaadi aur doublin mahal key sipahi key padon parr majboot dhanush parr hyug dee lessie koo prathamikta dee. yeh anudan raajaa koo jamaanat key roop mein unaki sevaaon key liye bhavya surgenti key aadhar parr thaa. day lessie ney shahar key liye barrence robbert fitz-stephen, mauris fitzgerald, miler fitzhenry aur meal fitzdavid koo chunaa. isase way majboot dhanush seey alag rahey. 17 aprail 1172 koo heinry ireland seey ravaana hue aur kabhi vaapas naheen aae. hyug 1172 key anta mein ingland laut aae aur agale varsh kaa adhikansh samay france mein heinry key liye ladate hue bitaaya. unhein 1177 mein procurator-general key roop mein ireland bheja gayaa thaa, richard dee clair kii kuchh samay pahale mrityu hoe gaee thee. abb offelana, offley, kildare aur vikalo key saath maith key anudan kii pushti hui. yeh doublin shahar aur osri aur haai-kinselagh () (aadhunik county wakesford parr kendrit) key dakshini riyasaton key apavaad key saath, meath key raajya key alawa, linster key adhikansh raajya key kabje mein reh gayaa.
1181 mein, unhein apani sarkaar seey gulab nee konchobair seey shaadi karane key liye vaapas bulaa liya gayaa, joe ruedria konchobair kii betty thee, joe heinry kii anumati key binaa connot key raajaa they. agale varsh unhein apane karyalayon mein bahaal curr diyaa gayaa.
1186 mein hugh kii mrityu key baad, ack wardship avadhi key baad, swami pada unake bete, walter key paas chalaa gayaa. 1191 key ack charter mein dikhaaya gayaa haye kii walter maith mein prabhuta kaa abhyaas curr rhaa haye. ireland key swami key roop mein, johnn ney 1192 mein day lessie off maith seey vanchit curr diyaa. iss kaarravaai koo raajaa richard dha lionhart dwara 1194 mein teesare dharmayuddh seey lautane parr palat diyaa gayaa thaa.
ingland key raajaa johnn key patra patent dwara, 1208 mein walter dee lessie aur unake uttaradhikariyon koo sthaayi roop seey vihit baroni pradaan kii gaee thee. anudan prashaasnik jimmedaari key dayare aur pratyaayojit shaktiyon kii seemaon kaa varnan kartaa haih "walter dee laasi koo, unaki yachika parr, unaki meath kii bhoomi kii, anudan aur pushti; 50 shurveeron kii seva dwara shulk mein raajaa koo pakadana; aur unake anguli kii shulk, doublin kii ghaati mein; 7 shurveeron kii seva dwara shulk mein pakadana; mukut kii yachikaon koo bachaane, shaanti kii appeal, aur see., aur crossia, aur usase sambandhit garimaaen; raajaa kii ritt poore walter kii bhoomi mein chalane key liye. aage, walter koo usaki phees kii abhiraksha pradaan karein, halanki usake swami capit mein kaheen aur rakhate hain; raajaa koo una shulkon key uttaradhikariyon key vivaah kii bachat karate hain."
walter dee lessie ney margaret dee braze seey shaadi kii joe villium dee braze kii betty thee, bramber aur maud dee braze key chauthe swami. villium, maud aur unake bete villium koo raajaa johnn dwara taaj key liye deshdrohi ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. maud aur uska betaa apani betty margaret kii suraksha key liye ireland bhaag gaye. 1210 mein, way phir seey bhaagne key liye baadhya they, lekin unhein tata parr pakad liya gayaa. corf mahal, dorset key kalkothri mein kaid, unhein bhookh seey marane key liye chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. apane mahal key bheetar gaddaron koo sharan dene key liye sajaa key roop mein, walter dee lessie kii sampattiyon koo taaj key liye jabt curr liya gayaa thaa. 1215 taka, walter aur margaret raajaa key paksh mein vaapas aaa gaye aur walter kii jabt kii gaee sampattiyon koo usey bahaal curr diyaa gayaa. walter aur margaret key saath milkar gilbert dee lessie sahit cumm seey cumm chhah bachche they. 25 disambar 1230 koo gilbert ney apane pitaa seey pahale kii mrityu key baad ireland aur ingland mein walter kii vishal sampatti gilbert kii betiyon, margery aur maud key paas chully gaee.
bastiyaan see. 1200.
heinry dwiteeya ney hoog day lessie koo "merey desh koo murchaadh key roop mein ack poorna maap key roop mein pradaan kiya...yaa usake pahale yaa baad mein kissy ney ise dhaaran kiya.". iss anudan seey, day lessie kii shakti swayam raajaa key barabar thee, ekmatra aarakshan yeh thaa kii raajaa kaheen bhee church kii bhoomi kaa niptan curr sakata thaa. iss adhikaar kshetra vaale vyakti koo ganana key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa aur jiss kshetra parr usane shasson kiya thaa usey county kahaa jaataa thaa. ack county palatine key shaasak key roop mein unhone apani khud kii samanti baroni banaai, joe seedhe khud seey "capite mein" thee. unake jagirdaron koo aamtaur parr "dee lessie key bairan" kahaa jaataa thaa.
see dwara, mahal key ack mahaan nirmaata key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. 1200 mein, day lessie key paas prabhuta key poore kshetra mein bastiyaan theen, yaa tou unake apane haathon mein yaa unake bairanon key haathon mein. apane bete walter (1180-1240) key saath unhone trim mahal aur kilke mahal kaa nirmaan kiya. 1196 key kuchh samay baad, walter ney apane chhote bhaai, hoog koo "rathauth kii poori bhoomi" pradaan kii. yeh upa-prabhaag, jise ratoth kaa baroni naam diyaa gayaa haye, shayed ireland mein county key ack vibhajan key liye baroni shabd key upayog kaa pahala udaaharan thaa.
dermot aur earl (12veen shatabdi kii ack norman french kavita) key geet key anusaar, bhoomi koo nimnalikhit bairanon key beach vibhajit kiya gayaa hogaah
prabhu vibhajan.
mathh key dusare swami walter kii mrityu parr, swami pada unaki potiyon key beach vibhajit hoe gayaa thaa; paschimi bhaag margery koo diyaa gayaa thaa jabaki purvi bhaag, trim parr kendrit, maud koo diyaa gayaa thaa.
paschimi mathh.
paschimi bhaag margery key pati, johnn dee vardan (lagbhag 1226-21 octuber 1274) koo 1244 seey kuchh samay pahale unaki shaadi parr paarit huaa. vaha theobald leey bottler kaa betaa thaa, joe apani doosari patni, rohes dee vardan (lagbhag 1204-10 farwari 1247) dwara ireland kaa doosara pramukh butler thaa. dee vardan parivaar pahale seey hii ack badaa bhudharak thaa joe abb county louth haye. rohes key daadaa, bertram dee vardan, ireland key liye johnn key pahale abhiyaan kaa hissa they. apane pati kii achaanak mrityu key baad, vaha dee vardan bhoomi mein laut aaee aur mahal key roche key nirmaan kaa kaam shuru curr diyaa. unake bete johnn ney 1236 mein kaam puuraa kiya. unake paas nicolaus (lagbhag 1244), johnn (lagbhag 1246), theobald (lagbhag 1248), villium (lagbhag 1250), thomas (lagbhag 1252) aur agness (lagbhag 1254) they.
theobald koo first lord dee vardan banaaya gayaa thaa aur unhein vanshaanugat upaadhi "ireland kaa sipahi" bhee dee gaee thee. unhone 6 navambar 1276 seey pahale surr humphrey dee bohan aur eleanor dee broze kii betty margari dee bohan seey shaadi kii. 24 agast 1309 koo elton, staffordshire mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unakaa ack betaa thaa, jise theobald bhee kahaa jaataa thaa (bee. 8 sitambar 1278, dee. 27 julaai 1316). dwiteeya swami dee vardan key koee purush uttaradhikari naheen they. 1317 mein, ruthwire mein sthit dee lessie uttaradhikariyon koo roser mortimer dwara haraaya gayaa aur nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa, joe vivaah dwara unakaa sambandh thaa. isake parinamswarup prabhuta mein punah ekikaran huaa.
purvi mathh.
jaba maud ney doosari baar shaadi kii, tou trim aur ludlo key swami usake pati, geophrey dee jeanville, 1st bairan jeanville koo usake saath shaadi key adhikaar seey paarit hoe gaye. ingland key raajaa heinry III ney 8 agast 1252 key charter dwara, unake daadaa dwara aayojit maith kii bhoomi mein geophrey aur maud aur unake uttaradhikariyon koo adhikaar pradaan kiye. 18 sitambar 1254 koo, raajaa ney unhein maith mein sabhi swatantrataaen aur swatantra reeti-rivaaj pradaan kiye joe unake daadaa key paas they; aur way ireland key kaanoon aur reeti-rivaajon key anusaar maith mein apane swayam key ritt jaari curr sakate they. 21 sitambar 1252 koo, unake paas chaudi-chaudi kille kii vardi aur maud kii viraasat key roop mein chaalees market bhoomi thee. unhone trim mahal koo apana mukhya nivaas banaaya. maud aur geophrey ney sanyukt roop seey shasson kiya aur ack samaan saajhedaari mein apani sampattiyon koo ack saath prashaasit kiya. baad mein unhone dorre abby koo sampatti daan curr dee.
unake paas geophrey (mrityu 1283), piers (mrityu 1292) aur johnn (mrityu 1287) they. geophrey, apane bachchon koo chhod curr, apani sampatti apani poti, johnn, apane sabse badey bete, piers kii betty key liye chhod diyaa. johnn 21 octuber 1314 koo "suo jeur" 2nd baroness jeanville key roop mein safal hui. vaha roser mortimer, march key 1st earl kii patni thee. navambar 1308 key madhya mein, jaba mortimer koo johnn key daadaa seey swami pada milaa, tou vaha abhee-abhee badaa huaa thaa. agale baarah varshon mein seey chhah varshon (1308-09,1310-13,1315,1317-18,1319-20) key liye, roser ireland mein rahata thaa, apani patni key rishtedaron key khilaf apana swami pada sthaapit kartaa thaa, joe kii ruthwire kaa ack chhota hissa thaa. navambar 1316 mein, unhein ireland kaa lord leftinent niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. ingland key raajaa edward dwiteeya key khilaf unake vidroh key baad, ingland aur ireland mein unaki sabhi bhoomi jabt curr lii gaee thee. haalaanki, raajaa koo 24 janwari 1327 koo gaddi chhodane key liye majboor kiya gayaa, jisase sarkaar raani isabella aur mortimer key haathon mein chully gaee, jinhone usa samay 14 saal kii umr key edward key liye rajpratinidhiyon key roop mein kaam kiya thaa. samriddh sampadaaen aur laabh aur shakti key karyalaya abb murdaghar parr jamaa hoe gaye they. sitambar 1328 mein unhein march kaa earl banaaya gayaa aur ireland mein adhigrahan kii ack lahar shuru kii gaee, joe swatantrata key darje key saath dee vardan uttaradhikari key alpasankhyak key dauran meath key paschimi aadhe hisse kii hirasat praapt curr rhaa thaa. isane maith key swami koo phir seey sthaapit kiya.
yeh sthiti 1330 octuber taka chully jaba edward III ney apani swatantrata kaa daavaa karna shuru kiya. mortimer aur isabella koo edward aur usake sathiyon ney nottingham mahal key ander seey jabt curr liya thaa. mortimer parr shaahi shakti grahan karane aur vibhinn anya uchch duracharon kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa, binaa mukadame key ninda kii gaee aur 29 navambar 1330 koo tybern mein apmaanjanak roop seey fansi dee gaee. ack baar phir, usaki vishal sampatti koo taaj seey jabt curr liya gayaa. mortimer kii vidhwa johnn koo 1336 mein kshama mill gaee aur vaha 1356 taka jeevit rahee. usey wigmore abby mein mortimer key buggle mein dafnaya gayaa thaa.

