
alekjendar braun (lekhak)

alekjendar "sandy" braun (5 sitambar, 1843-19 agast, 1906) ack sangh sanic aur americi vyaapaari they, jinhen virginia key praarambhik itihas parr kaee pustakon key lekhak key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
praarambhik aur parivarik jeevan.
unakaa janm nelson county, virginia mein glenmore mein saaraa cabell collway braun (1820-1849) aur unake pati robbert laurence braun (1820-1880) key ghar huaa thaa, joe unake teen bachchon mein sabse badey they, lekin unake bhaai aur bahan kii shishuon key roop mein mrityu hoe gaee. unake daadaa, jinka naam alekjendar braun (1796-1864) bhee thaa, scotland key parth key paas paida hue they, 1811 mein virginia aae, villium aind mairi college mein adhyayan kiya, phir nelson county mein lovingston mein apane vyaapaari chaacha key liye kaam kiya. usa vyavasaay koo sambhaalane key baad, pramukh planter robbert key saath apane saathi key roop mein, unhone drive kii betty luci shandus drive seey shaadi kii, virginia house off delegates mein nelson county kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye kaee chunaav jeete, kaee varshon taka nelson county mein mukhya nyayadhish key roop mein kaary kiya, aur sthaaniya milicia mein general key pada taka pahunche. iss daadaa alekjendar cabell key paas 1850 mein nelson county mein 27 gulam they. unake vyaparik vyavasaay mein ack richmond karyalaya bhee thaa, joe braun aind mcclelland (james broose mcclelland key saath, joe sangh seva mein samvidaatmak typhoid bukhaar seey marr gayaa) key roop mein kaam kartaa thaa, 1860 mein, vaha richmond chaley gaye aur nelson county mein 45 varsh kii ayu key kewal ack gulam mulato maine key malik they.
unaki maan kii taraf, yeh bhura virginia key pahale parivaaron mein seey ack, cabell seey aaya thaa, joe buckinghamshire seey they aur kaee sarkari karyalayon key saath-saath virginia key oopari james nadee kshetra mein gulam shram kaa upayog karke baganon kaa sanchaalan karate they. unake virginia poorvajon mein deshbhakt cole shamil they. villium cabell, jinhone apani sthaapana seey hii albemarle county mein adhikansh karyakari aur vidhaayi karyalayon kaa sanchaalan kiya, phir isake nirmaan key baad amherst county, aur kaee varshon taka "union hill" bagan mein rahey, joe iss alekjendar braun dwara adhigrahan key samay taka nelson county mein sthit thaa. unake dou mahaan-chaacha, alekjendar drives aur villium cabell drives, bhee pramukh kunwari vakeel aur rajneta they.
iss beach, unake vidhwa bete (iss bhoore rung key pitaa) ney 1853 mein margaret baldwyn cabell (1826-1877) seey punarvivah kiya. 1860 taka robbert ell. braun ney apane badhate hue parivaar koo linchberg mein sthanantarit curr diyaa jahan vaha aur unaki doosari patni "linchberg mahila madarsa" kaa sanchaalan karate they. unake paas ack 30 varsheeya ashwet mahila sahit gulam they, iss bhoore rung kaa paalan-poshan unaki daadi mairi elizabeth cabell ney kiya thaa aur 1851 seey 1856 taka "benue" bagan mein niji shikshakon dwara shikshit kiya gayaa thaa, phir 1856 seey 1860 taka horres doubleu dwara sanchaalit ack school mein adhyayan kiya gayaa thaa. charlesville, virginia mein johns. virginia key algaav aur americi grihyuddh kii shuruat seey thheek pahale key maheenon mein, braun linchberg college mein padh rhaa thaa.
sangh kaa sanic.
braun aur unake pitaa donon ney sangh raajya senaa key liye swechha seey kaam kiya. unake pitaa koo ack leftinent key roop mein ack commission milaa aur way isake provost gaard key saath linchberg mein rahey. braun ney sitambar 1861 mein richmond mein sangathit stounton pahaadi halke topkhaane key saath bharti kiya. vaha chaar saal taka ladey jaba taka kii janwari 1865 mein uttari carolina key kille key machuaare key paas ack visfotit pouder naav key nikat seey unhein "patthar seey bahara" naheen curr diyaa gayaa. fort fisher ney wilmington, uttari carolina kaa bachaav kiya, joe robbert ee key liye ack mahatvapurna aapoorti bandargah haye. yuddh key antim maheenon mein lii kii senaayen. sangh key hamalon aur 1864-1865 kii sardiyon mein kaee topkhaane key bairaj kaa uddeshya, isane antatah 12 janwari, 1865 koo kille key machuaaron kii doosari ladaai key baad aatmasamarpan curr diyaa, phir wilmington ney 22 farwari, 1865 koo aatmasamarpan curr diyaa.
yuddh key baad key varsh.
bahare honey key bavjood, braun ney washington dee mein ack kiraane kii dukaan mein clerk key roop mein kaam kiya.see. yuddh key turant baad (1865-1868), phir 1869 mein nelson county laut aae aur ack kisan key saath-saath vyaapaari bhee bunn gaye. unake pitaa 1870 mein nelson county laut aae aur norwood hyee school seey judey hue they, kyonki virginia key pahali baar yuddh key baad key samvidhaan ney saarvajanik schools kii sthaapana kii thee. 1867-1869 mein, yeh bhura rung europe, misra aur australia mein bhee yatra kartaa thaa.
alekjendar braun ney kaee varshon taka virginia company aur baad mein apane rishtedaron key drishtikon seey virginia key praarambhik itihas kaa adhyayan aur vyakhya karane key liye samarpit kiya, aur kaee aitihaasik dastavejon koo ekatra karane aur sanrakshit karane mein kamyab rahey. way virginia aitihaasik samaaj, tenacy aitihaasik samaaj, americi aitihaasik sangh aur americi lekhakon key samaaj key sadasya they. yeh aashvast karate hue kii rashtramandal kaa praarambhik itihas vaastav mein naheen likhaa gayaa thaa, unhone patrika lekh likhe aur aitihaasik samoohon key saamane kagjat padhe. unake prakashanon mein "praarambhik virginia itihas parr nae vichaar" (1886), ack parcha; "sanyukt raajya america kii utpatti" (dou khand, 1890), pahale aprakaashit aitihaasik pandulipiyon aur durlabh tracts kaa ack moolyavaan sangrah; "dha cabels aind deyar kinn" (1895); "america mein pahala ganarajya" (1898) (virginia key praarambhik itihas key baare mein); "hamaare praarambhik itihas kaa itihas" (1898); aur "praarambhik virginia itihas mein angreji rajneeti" (1901) shamil hain.
vyaktigat jeevan.
1873 mein, braun ney apane door key chachere bhaai, carolin augusta cabell seey shaadi kii, jinaki 1876 mein mrityu hoe gaee. 1886 mein, unhone apani bahan, saaraa randolf cabell seey punarvivah kiya, lekin unaki donon patniyon seey koee santan naheen thee. unaki donon patniyaan unaki doosari patni meyo cabell (1800-1869) kii betiyaan theen, jinhen "union hill" vrikshaaropan aur haveli viraasat mein millie thee, jinhone grih yuddh mein virginia kii bhagidari kaa virodh kiya thaa, lekin apane raajya kaa samarthan kiya, phir sangh sainikon dwara unaki sampatti kii kamaan sambhali gaee, saath hii yuddh key baad kii aarthik pareshaniyon kaa anubhav kiya.
mrityu aur viraasat.
alekjendar braun koo unake jivankal mein villium aind mairi college aur dakshin vishvavidyalaya seey maanad farman praapt hue. 1906 mein norwood, nelson county, virginia mein apane union hill ghar mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. union hill meyo cabell kii ack aur betty, luci gilmer cabell koo viraasat mein millie, jinhone ise apane pitaa key sabse chhote bachche, edward marshel cabell koo viraasat mein diyaa. 1969 mein, randolf mcguire cabell aur unaki bahan elizabeth cabell dugdale ney ise richmond kii ball nirmaan company koo betch diyaa. halanki 1898 taka kaee baahari imaaraten bigad gaee theen, lekin dou baramade reh gaye they aur dou chimani kii marammat kii gaee thee, aur bijli bhee mill gaee thee. 1980 mein ise shree dwara goochland county mein 1551 carriage laine mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. aur shrimati. shaahi ee. cabell. jey. aar. dha cabell foundation, ink. kabristan kaa rakharkhaav jaari haye. unake aur unake parivaar key kaee kagjat villium aind mairi college koo daan curr diye gaye they, jahan way low school key swem pustakalaya mein upalabdh hain. anya shodh patra duke vishvavidyalaya dwara aayojit kiye jaate hain. cabell foundation ney 1939 mein unake "cabell aur unake rishtedaar" koo adyatan aur punah prakaashit kiya, aur ack anya sanskaran, jise randolf doubleu dwara adyatan kiya gayaa. cabell, 1993 mein prakaashit huaa thaa.

