
bandargah

constana kaa bandargah constana, romenia mein, kaalaa samudra key paschimi tata parr, phosphorus jaldamroomadhya seey aur sulina shakha seey sthit haye, jisake madhyam seey denube nadee samudra mein bahati haye. yeh aachchhaadit kartaa haye, jisamen seey bhoomi haye aur baaki paani haye. uttar kii or aur dakshin kii or sthit dou breakwater bandargah koo aashray dete hain, jisase bandargah gatividhiyon key liye sabse surakshit sthitiyaan banati hain. uttar breakwater kii vartamaan lambai haye aur dakshin breakwater haye.<riff naam = "avalokan/samanya jaankaari/samudri bandargah"> </ref> constanta kaa bandargah kaalaa sagar parr sabse badaa aur europe mein 17vaan sabse badaa haye.
anukool bhaugolik sthiti aur constanta key bandargah key mahatva parr dou paine-europeeya parivahan galiyaron key saath sambandh dwara jore diyaa jaataa haih IV (uchch gati railway aur rajmarg) aur paine-europeeya galiyara vii (denube). dou upgrah bandargah, midiya aur mangalia, joe kii constanta bandargah seey bahut door naheen hain, samudri bandargah prashaasan key samanvaya key tahat roman samudri bandargah pranali kaa hissa hain.
itihas.
bandargah kaa itihas constant key itihas seey nikatata seey sambandhit haye. halanki constanta kii sthaapana doosari shatabdi esvi mein hui thee, lekin tommis kii purani yunani coloney kii sthaapana chhathi shatabdi eesaa poorv mein hui thee. bandargah-shahar koo yoonaniyon aur sthaaniya logon key beach vyaapaar koo aasaan banaane key liye ack emporium key roop mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. yunani prabhaav eesaa poorv pahali shatabdi taka banaa rhaa, jaba denube aur kaalaa samudra key beach key kshetra parr romanon kaa kabja thaa. roman governor key pahale varshon koo ovid dwara darj kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen agyaat karanon seey tommis mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. agale sou varshon mein bandargah kaa kaafee vikas huaa aur shahar ney roman samrat constantine I key sammaan mein apana naam badalkar constant curr liya.
pravaasi logon dwara lagaatar kiye jaane vaale akramanon key kaaran bandargah kaa vikas bund hoe gayaa thaa, vyaapaar cumm hoe rhaa thaa aur vyaapaari venis yaa genoa jaise anya adhik surakshit baajaron kii talash curr rahey they, lekin bandargah mein kaee nirmaan italvi shahar key vyapariyon kii yaad mein genovi naam banaae rakhate hain. ack sankshipt avadhi key baad jaba bandargah roman shasson key tahat thaa, taba dobruza kshetra parr ottoman samrajya kaa kabja thaa. 1857 mein, turkey adhikaariyon ney bandargah aur sernova-consta railway koo british company denube aur black see railway aur custand harber company limitted koo patte parr diyaa.
bandargah kaa nirmaan 16 octuber, 1896 koo shuru huaa, jaba raajaa caroll ney bandargah key nirmaan aur aadhunikikaran key liye pahala kadam rakhaa. nirmaan kaary roman engineer aaee kii madad seey shuru kiya gayaa thaa. bee. cantacusino aur baad key vikas kaa shreya gheroghe duca aur engel saligni koo diyaa gayaa thaa. bandargah koo 1909 mein samaapt kiya gayaa thaa aur pahali baar khola gayaa thaa aur usa samay key liye 6 bhandaran besin, kaee tail jalashayon aur anaaj key bhandar key saath paryaapt suvidhaaen theen. inn suvidhaon key saath, bandargah ney 1911 mein 14 laakh tunn maal kaa sanchaalan kiya. dou vishva yuddhon key beach, bandargah ack makai dryer aur ack tairate hue dock seey lais thaa; bandargah prashaasan key liye ack naee imarat banaai gaee thee aur ack stock exchange kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. 1937 mein, maal kii matra koo sambhala gayaa thaa.
1967 seey shuru hocker, bandargah kaa vistaar dakshin mein kiya gayaa thaa. 1984 mein kholi gaee denube-black see kainal key nirmaan kii bandargah key vikas mein pramukh bhoomika thee. nahar key khulane key baad, bandargah bahut teji seey badhaa aur dou dashakon key baad isane ack kshetra koo cover kiya. 1988 mein jaba bandargah ney malvahak parivahan koo sambhala tou malvahak yatayat kii oonchaai hassil kii gaee. 1989 kii roman kranti key baad, bandargah roman arthavyavastha key liye mahatva mein cumm hoe gayaa, yatayat cumm hoe rhaa thaa aur 2000 mein bandargah ney dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad seey 3 karod tunn maal kaa apana sabse cumm yatayat darj kiya. 2003 key baad yatayat phir seey badhane lagaa aur 2008 mein ack record taka pahunch gayaa, joe bandargah key itihas mein doosara sabse badaa maal yatayat thaa. sabse haal key terminal 2004 (container terminal), 2005 (yatri terminal) aur 2006 (bajra terminal) mein seva mein pravesh kiya.
sanchaalan.
constanta bandargah kii prati varsh aur 156 berth kii sanchaalan kshamata haye, jinamen seey 140 berth chaalu hain. kull kwe kii lambai haye, aur gaharaai 8 aur 19 meater key beach haye. yeye visheshataaen sabse mahatvapurna europeeya aur antarrashtriya bandargaahon dwara pradaan kii jaane vaali visheshtaon key saath tulaniya hain, jisase tankers kii kshamata aur thoke vaahak kii kshamata key saath awas kii anumati milati haye.
constanta bandargah ack samudri aur ack nadee bandargah donon haye. pratidin, 200 seey adhik nadee key jahaaj maal dhone yaa utaarane yaa sanchaalit honey kii prateeksha key liye bandargah mein hain. denube nadee key saath bandargah kaa sambandh denube-black see kainal key madhyam seey banaaya gayaa haye, joe constanta bandargah kii mukhya taakton mein seey ack kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. mahatvapurna maal kii matra koo nadee dwara, constant aur madhya aur purvi europeeya deshon key beach leey jaaya jaataa haih bulgaria, serbia, hangri, austriya, slovakia aur germany. 2005 mein jaba 8,800 nadee jahaajon koo bandargah parr bulaaya gayaa, tou kull yatayat kaa 23.3% hissa honey key kaaran, nadee yatayat, sthir bandargah key liye bahut mahatvapurna haye.
connection.
constanta key bandargah mein rail network roman aur europeeya rail network seey judaa huaa haye, jisamen constanta kaa bandargah corridor IV key liye ack praarambhik aur antim bindu haye, joe ack paine-europeeya corridor haye. chaubison ghante chalane vaali train sevaayen romania aur purvi europe key sabse mahatvapurna aarthik kshetron mein uchch matra mein maal leey jaati hain, constanta kaa bandargah tressa corridor kaa ack mahatvapurna parivahan node bhee haye, joe europe, coccus aur madhya asia key beach sambandh pradaan kartaa haye. bandargah mein railway kii kull lambai.
constanta key bandargah key duss dwaar dn39 aur dn39aeye rashtriya sadakon aur aeye4 motorway key madhyam seey roman aur europeeya sadak network seey judey hue hain. corridor IV key saath sambandh kaa ack ranneetik mahatva haye, joe madhya aur purvi europe key bhoo-ghire deshon key saath constanta key bandargah koo jodata haye. constantza bandargah bhee galiyare ix key paas sthit haye, joe buchest seey hocker gujarta haye. bandargah mein sadakon kii kull lambai.
tail terminal mein saat parichaalan jetiyaan hain. jetty jahaajon koo kshamata taka berth karane kii anumati dete hain. bhandaran farmon aur jetty key beach sambandh ack bhoomigat aur bhoomigat pipeline network dwara kiya jaataa haye. pipelines kii kull lambai haye. constanta kaa bandargah rashtriya pipeline pranali aur mukhya roman refineries seey judaa huaa haye. bandargah paine-europeeya pipeline key liye ack praarambhik aur antim bindu bhee haye jise russie aur caspian tail key madhya europe mein parivahan key liye design kiya gayaa haye.
upgrah bandargah.
constanta key dou upgrah bandargah madhya hain, joe constanta parisar key uttar mein sthit hain aur dakshin mein mangalia hain. donon mukhya bandargah kii suvidhaon kii dakshata badhaane key liye samagr yojana mein ack mahatvapurna kaary karate hain-aur donon maal maalikon kii badhati maangon koo puuraa karane key liye nirantar unnayan kaa saamana curr rahey hain. 2004 mein dou upgrah bandargaahon dwara praapt yatayat samanya yatayat seey 3 pratishat thaa, 97 pratishat constanta key bandargah dwara praapt kiya jaa rhaa thaa.<riff naam = "avalokan/samanya jaankaari/upgrah bandargah"> </riff>
midiya kaa bandargah kaalaa samudra tata parr sthit haye, joe lagbhag constant key uttar mein haye. uttar aur dakshin key jall-khandon kii kull lambai haye. bandargah kaa aavaran bhoomi aur jall haye. kull 14 berth (11 parichaalan berth, teen berth constanta shipyard seey sambandhit hain) hain jinaki kull lambai 14 berth haye. aage kiye gaye drezing sanchaalan key liye bandargah kii gaharaai koo kachche tail key nirvahan berth 1-4 taka badhaa diyaa jaataa haye, jisase adhikatam draft aur adhikatam nikasi vaale tankers taka pahunch hoe jaati haye.
mangalia kaa bandargah kaalaa samudra parr sthit haye, joe bulgaria key saath dakshini seema key karib haye aur istambul key uttar mein haye. yeh bhoomi aur jall koo aachchhaadit kartaa haye. uttar aur dakshin key jall-khandon kii kull lambai haye. kull lambai key saath 4 berth (2 parichaalan berth) hain. adhikatam gaharaai haye.
aankade.
2016 mein constanta key bandargah ney maal aur parivahan key kull yatayat koo sambhala. bandargah kaalaa samudra mein mukhya container kendra haye aur asia aur kaalaa samudra coll key beach sabhi seedhi rekhaaen hain. yeh dee. pee. worled dwara sanchaalit sthir dakshin container terminal (see. aiss. tii.) kii dakshata aur gahare paani (seey) key saath bandargah kii praakritik sthiti aur denube key liye ack seedhe link key kaaran haye. mukhya bandargah sanchaalak aeye hain. pee. moller-marsk samooh, aeye. pee. aim. terminal, dubai port worled, sosep, oyal terminal aiss.aeye. aur comex.
terminal.
taral thoke terminal kii vaarshik yatayat kshamata utaarane aur loading key liye haye, yeh kachche tail, deejal, gais aur parishkrit utpaadon aur rasayanik utpaadon key niryaat mein visheshagyata rakhta haye. terminal mein nau berth hain aur mukhya operator oyal terminal aiss haye.aeye. rompetrol ney 2008 mein samaapt hue ack nae tail terminal mein 17.5 karod dollar kaa nivesh kiya, jisaki vaarshik kshamata 17.5 karod dollar thee.
dou vishesh terminal hain joe lauh ayask, boxite, koyla aur cock koo 13 berth key saath sanchaalit karate hain, ack saath bhandaran kshamata aur lagbhag vaarshik yatayat kshamata. terminal mein phosphorus, euria aur rasayanik utpaadon key bhandaran suvidhaon key saath 10 berth hain. vaarshik yatayat kshamata haye. uttar mein anaaj key liye dou terminal hain aur dakshin mein kull vaarshik yatayat kshamata key saath. uttar terminal mein paanch berth hain, prati varsh bhandaran kshamata aur vaarshik yatayat kshamata.
dakshin terminal mein ack berth haye, prati varsh bhandaran kshamata haye, aur 25 laakh tunn kii vaarshik yatayat kshamata haye. prasheetit utpaadon key liye, terminal mein ack berth aur tunn kii vaarshik bhandaran kshamata haye. terminal mein ack berth haye, javic tail pratyek key saat bhandaran tankon mein sangraheet kiye jaate hain, aur sheera seedhe jahaajon, rail kaaron yaa tankers mein chhoda jaataa haye.
cement aur nirmaan samagri key liye, saat berth aur 40,000 tunn kii bhandaran kshamata aur 40 laakh tunn kii vaarshik yatayat kshamata vaale dou terminal hain. ack niji cement terminal bhee haye joe ack spanish company seminter international dwara sanchaalit haye jisaki vaarshik yatayat kshamata 10 laakh tunn haye.
2006 mein ack berth aur prati varsh yaa prati varsh kii vaarshik yatayat kshamata key saath ack lakadi terminal banaaya gayaa haye, joe chronospan dwara sanchaalit haye.
dou berth key saath dou roll onn roll off (roro) terminal hain, ack uttar mein 4,800 vaahanon key bhandaran key saath aur ack dakshin mein 1,800 vaahanon key bhandaran key saath. kewal romcargo maritim dwara sanchaalit automobile key liye ack niji roro terminal bhee haye, jisamen 6,000 automobile kii bhandaran kshamata haye, joe uttar mein ack kshetra koo cover karati haye. nauka-nauka terminal mein ack berth haye jiska upayog railway kaaron, injanon aur trucks koo load karane aur utaarane key liye kiya jaataa haye. terminal kii vaarshik yatayat kshamata haye. 14 berth key saath dou container terminal hain, ack uttar mein dou berth key saath, aur ack kshetra, aur ack dakshin mein 12 berth key saath sabse mahatvapurna dakshin container terminal key saath.
hutchison vampoa ney dakshin mein sthit ack bhukhand parr sthit 20 phut key barabar ikai (tus) key ack nae container terminal mein lagbhag 80 million dollar kaa nivesh karane mein ruchi dikhaai. terminal 2010 mein puuraa kiya gayaa thaa.
uttar mein sthit yatri terminal kii vaarshik yatayat kshamata 100,000 logon kii haye. 2014 mein, bandargah parr 92 yatri jahaajon ney daura kiya thaa, jinamen lagbhag 69,910 paryatak savaar they.
bajra terminal mein ack berth haye aur yeh denube-black see kainal key purvi tata parr dakshin mein sthit haye. berth lambi haye aur paani saat meater gahara haye. tugboat terminal mein ack berth haye aur yeh denube-black see kainal key paschimi tata parr dakshin mein sthit haye. berth lambi haye aur paani paanch meater gahara haye. donon terminals kii vaarshik yatayat kshamata haye.
2010 mein romania mein sabse badaa taralikrit petroleum gais (ell. pee. jee.) terminal 12 million euro key praarambhik nivesh key baad, madhya key bandargah mein ashtabhuj gais dwara khola gayaa thaa. terminal kaa ack kshetra haye aur pratyek mein 10 bhandaran tankon kii bhandaran kshamata haye. terminal mein ack nae lambe berth kaa nirmaan bhee shamil thaa.

