
elizabeth melville

elizabeth melville, lady culross (c.1578-c.1640) ack scotish kavi theen.
1603 mein vaha apane kaam koo print mein dekhane vaali sabse purani scotish mahila lekhika bunn gaeen, jaba edinberg prakaashak robert chartris ney "eney godli dream" kaa pahala sanskaran jaari kiya, joe ack kalvinwadi swapn-drishti kavita thee. 2002 mein pandulipi padya kaa ack badaa hissa khoja gayaa thaa, aur unaki vartamaan kavita lagbhag 4,500 panktiyon taka jaati haye, joe kaee alag-alag padya-roopon mein likhi jaati haye. baarah akshar bhee hain, jinamen seey gyaarah holograph hain. melville james vee aur charles aaee donon kii church kii neetiyon key prati presbyterian pratirodh kaa ack sakriya sadasya thaa. vaha presbyterian vipaksh mein pramukh hastiyon kii ack vyaktigat mitra thee, jinaki hatasha antatah 1637 mein edinberg prarthana pustika dangon mein bhadak uthee, jisase farwari 1638 kii rashtriya vaacha, glassgo mahasabha jisane episcopate koo samaapt curr diyaa, aur teen raajyon key yuddhon kaa prakop huaa.
21 juuna 2014 koo muckers court, edinberg mein germine greer dwara scotland key mahaan lekhakon mein seey ack key roop mein unaki yaad mein ack utkeern dhwaj-patthar kaa anaavaran kiya gayaa thaa. shilalekh "sapane" seey ack uddharan haye-"halanki atyachari dhamki dete hain, halanki lyon krodhit hotey hain aur una sabhi koo garjana karate hain/unaki avahelana karate hain, aur jeetane kaa darr naheen rakhate hain" (1606 kaa sanskaran).
parivarik prishthabhoomi.
melvilles.
melville key pitaa darbari aur rajanyik surr james melville off halhil (1535-1617) they, joe raith key fife bhoomi malik surr johnn melville key kaee bachchon mein seey ack they, joe protestantwad mein ack praarambhik parivartit they, jinhen 1548 mein angreji aakramankariyon key saath rajdrohi sanchaar key liye maar diyaa gayaa thaa. apane pitaa key protestant vishvaason koo viraasat mein milane key bavjood, surr james ney 1549 mein france mein scott kii raani mairi key liye ack prishth key roop mein apana currier shuru kiya. apane bhaaiyon kii tarah, james ney baad mein scotland mein mairi kii seva kii, aur usake girane aur jabaran tyag key baad unake prati wafadar rahey. melville bhaai phir bhee antatah mairi key bete, scotland key raajaa james vi key wafadar aur moolyavaan sevak bunn gaye. surr robert 1582 mein khajanedar-pratinidhi baney, surr andru raajaa james key ghar key malik bunn gaye (unaki angreji kaid key dauran usa kshamata mein kaid mairi kii seva karane key baad), aur surr james apani vyaapak rajanyik gatividhiyon koo phir seey shuru karenge. apane uttaradhikari kii raajneetik shiksha key liye vriddhavastha mein likhe gaye unake "apane jeevan key sansmaran" ack prasiddh aitihaasik srot hain. surr james key ack francisi adalat key saath lambe judaav, joe uchch shikshit mahilaaon key liye ullekhaniya haye, jinhone apani kritiyon koo likhaa aur prakaashit kiya, shayed unaki betiyon koo achchi tarah seey shikshit karane key unake faisale koo prerit kiya, sambhavatah parivaar key ghar, colless key paas lambe samay seey gayab aadhe pahaadi tower mein. surr james koo apane dattak pitaa, vakeel heinry balnevs, joe sudhaarak johnn nox key karibi dost they, seey halhil viraasat mein milaa thaa. nox kii tarah, france mein dandaatmak sajaa kaatane key liye balnevs koo nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. utpeedit isai nirvaachit kaa vishay elizabeth melville kii kavita mein pramukh haye; sudhaar vishvaas key liye unake pitaa kii poorna pratibaddhata, unake daadaa kii 'shaheed' sthiti aur unake dattak daadaa balnev key vishvaas key liye peedaa key beach, unake pradarshankari poorvavritt trutiheen they.
1569 kii garmiyon mein, surr james melville ney christian boswell (d.1609) seey shaadi kii, joe david boswell kii kaee betiyon mein seey ack thee, joe kii fife mein balmuto kii lerd thee. david boswell ack catholic they jinhone farwari 1565 mein scott kii raani mairi kii apane ghar kii yatra kaa swaagat kiya thaa.
boswell parivaar raajaa james vee seey achchi tarah seey judaa huaa thaa; george boswell ack shaahi shalya chikitsak they, aur david key uttaradhikari, unake potey johnn boswell, balmuto key layered ney raajaa koo scandinavia kii shaahi shaadi kii yatra key liye paise dene mein madad karane key liye paise diye they. 1594 mein rajkumar heinry fredrick key bapatisma key samay unhein apane bete aur uttaradhikari key saath night kii upaadhi dee gaee thee. surr james melville aur christian boswell key paanch bachche they (janm kii taareekhen agyaat): james, robbert, margaret, elizabeth aur christian. james, jinhen halhil viraasat mein milaa thaa, ney elizabeth key saath ack sasur koo saajha kiya, arthaat alekjendar colville (d.1597), kulross mein mathh key prashansaakarta, nyayadhish aur privy paarshad. robbert melville ney mantralaya key liye prashikshit kiya aur kaee varshon taka culross mantri, shree kii sahaayata kii. robbert colville, prashansaakarta alekjendar kaa ack aur betaa. margaret melville ney surr andru balfour off montkwani seey shaadi kii. 1594 mein rajkumar heinry fredrick key bapatisma mein unhein ack aur night kii upaadhi dee gaee thee. christian ney life mein lumkhat key johnn bonner seey shaadi kii.
archibald dugglus ney surr james melville kii betty, sambhavatah elizabeth, koo 1589 mein landan seey kunwari kii ack jodee key roop mein bheja.
shaadi.
elizabeth kaa vivaah anubandh butch naheen paaya haye, lekin farwari 1597 key ack kanuni dastavej parr hastakshar seey yeh spasht haye kii usa tarikh taka, vaha pahale seey hii johnn colville seey shaadi curr chuki thee. 16 farwari 1599 koo, alekjendar humey ney apane "bhajan aur pavitra geeton" (edinberg, 1599) koo samarpit karate hue adesh 'apane pati seey pyaar karenh apane parivaar kii mamuli dekhbhal karein' key saath patra koo samaapt kiya, joe ack seey adhik bachchon key astitva kaa sujhaav detaa haih alekjendar losson, aid dekhein. "alekjendar humey kii kavitaaen" (scotish text societyh edinberg, 1902), pri. 4-5. johnn colville koo 'off west comry' (kamri wester, wester-kambre) kii shally dee gaee thee, joe culross key uttar-poorv mein ack chhoti see sampatti thee, aur bhoomi maalikon (kisaanon sahit) koo unaki sampatti key naam seey bulaane kii scotish pratha koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, unaki patni koo shuru mein 'lady comry' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa (usey 'elizabeth colville' kahana galat haih mahilaaon ney apane pahale naam banaae rakhe). west comry key alawa, johnn colville key paas culross key paschim mein, lerg aur kincardin kii bhoomi thee.
johnn colville koo aksar 'johnn, lord colville off culross' key roop mein varnit kiya jaataa haye, ack pears khitaab joe unhone kabhi naheen rakhaa thaa. colville off culross" pears 1604 mein banaaya gayaa thaa aur 1609 mein johnn colville key chachere bhaai, surr james colville (1550-1629) key liye pushti kii gaee thee. surr james, kulross key pahale swami colville, ack anya james colville key pratishthit putra they, joe johnn colville key pitaa key badey sautele bhaai (d.1562) they, joe kulross key alekjendar prashansakar they. surr james koo raajaa james ney ack sanic aur rajanyik key roop mein bahut saraha thaa. unhone dharm key francisi yuddhon key dauran heinry dee navarre kii or seey ladaai ladee thee, aur apane ghatanapurna jeevan key anta taka francisi darbar key saath ghanishth sambandh banaae rakhe they. ireland mein unaki apani pankti whiffle rahee, aur phir lord colville kii upaadhi elizabeth melville aur west comry key johnn colville key vanshajon key paas aaee, halanki 1722 taka unake dwara iska daavaa naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
1597 mein apane pitaa kii mrityu parr, johnn colville culross key nammatra key prashansaakarta bunn gaye. dusare aur teesare sanskaran key sheershak prishthon key roop mein (?1604, 1606) "annie godli dream" show kii, elizabeth melville jald hii 'lady comry' (badee 'lady kulross' usaki saas thee) key bajaay 'lady kulross young' key roop mein jaani jaane luggy. 1609 mein johnn colville dwara prashansaakarta kii upaadhi seey istifa dene key bavjood, vaha apane shesh jeevan key liye lady kulross key roop mein jaani jaati raheen.
edinberg vishvavidyalaya key pustakalaya mein rakhe gaye elizabeth key jeevit patron seey yeh saabit hotaa haye kii unake aur johnn colville key cumm seey cumm saat bachche theh alekjendar, james, robbert, johnn, saimuel aur cumm seey cumm dou betiyaanh ack anaam, jisaki mrityu 1625 seey pahale hoe gaee thee, aur isai. alekjendar, robbert, johnn aur mrit betty 29 janwari 1629 key ack patra mein apane bete james koo dikhaai detee hain. melville ney iss patra mein joe vittiya samasyaaen bataai hain, way ingit karati hain kii uska pati ack garib sampatti-prabandhak thaa, aur ack anya patra mein usaki tippaniyon seey aisaa lagata haye kii johnn colville mein bhee ack parivarik vyakti key roop mein kamiyaan theenh melville ney likhaa kii usake maulavi jee robbert kii mrityu iss sabhaa key liye ack sore stroke thee, aur mukhya roop seey merey liye, vaha naa kewal ack charwaha aur ack bhaai, bott, bhagwan key adheen, ack pati aur merey bachchon key liye ack pitaa haye. unake parivaar mein sabse achchha haye, merey paas sabse achchha haye.
elizabeth melville key bachche.
elizabeth key bachchon key baare mein jaankaari bahut door haye. elizabeth key sabse badey aur sabse chhote beton, alekjendar aur saimuel key apavaad key saath, joe jyaadaatar unake maujooda patron seey utpann hotaa haye, sabse badhkar 1625 aur 1629 mein apane bete james koo likhe gaye dou patron seey. yeye kewal 2015 mein sampaadit aur prakaashit kiye gaye they. pahale patra seey, humm anaam betty key baare mein jaanate hain, joe ack agyaat tithi parr kathin sangharsh key baad pavitra roop seey marr gaee thee; landan mein adalat mein james koo likhe gaye dusare patra mein bhee uska ullekh kiya gayaa haye. yeh hamein bataata haye kii james enram key surr robbert cair key sanrakshan mein they, aur unake bhaai johnn aur robbert robbert leslie key saath sweeden (sambhavatah sainikon key roop mein) mein they. johnn ney apani shiksha jaari rakhee thee, aur apane pitaa koo lattin kavita bheji thee. robbert aur johnn, yaa unaki anaam bahan key baare mein aur kuchh naheen pataa haye; 5 maee 1643 koo johnn off west comry dwara kiye gaye praavdhaan key bandhan mein bhaaiyon kaa ullekh naheen kiya gayaa haye, jisamen kewal alekjendar, james aur saimuel kaa naam haye. (johnn aur robbert ney abb taka scotish resiments key kissy bhee scandinavian record mein naheen dekhaa haye, aur isaliye aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii way bahut adhik yaa vaastav mein kissy bhee sainya seva koo dekhane seey pahale, sambhavatah bimari seey marr gaye they.) elizabeth melville kaa 1629 kaa patra una kaafee vittiya kathinaaiyon key baare mein bataata haye jinamen parivaar khud koo paataa haye. kindar kii bhoomi koo poori tarah seey bechana padaa haye, aur comry kii bhoomi koo reversion key tahat becha gayaa haye, jise usake sabse badey bete, alekjendar dwara bhunaaya jaa sakata haye, donon mamalon mein kharidar johnn colville key chhote bhaai, shree robbert, culross key mantri hain. lady culross ingit karati haye kii alekjendar colville usake saath lagaatar sampark mein naheen rhaa, aur james seey comry laind key vimochan key baare mein usey likhane key liye kahata haye.
dow. alekjendar colville.
edinberg mein adhyayan karane key baad, 1619 mein alekjendar france mein sedan mein protestant akadami mein padhaane key liye chaley gaye they, joe nirvaasit scotish presbyterian pravakta aur melruville kaa ghar (1611 seey) thaa. vahaan alekjendar ney apana dee liya.dee. 1628 mein degree praapt kii aur 1631 mein ack francisi paadari kii betty seey shaadi kii. 1641 mein, aam sabhaa ney unhein sent mein padhaane key liye lautane key liye kahaa. andreau, joe unhone ack tarikh mein kiya thaa, abhee taka spasht naheen haye. 1649 taka, way sent mein dharamshastra key professor they. mairi kaa college vahaan haye, aur 1650 key dashak mein apane sabse chhote bhaai saimuel kii harkaton key kaaran samasyaon kaa anubhav karega. vaacha avadhi key dauran, dow. alekjendar colville aam taur parr ack sammaanit madhyam vaacha kaa paalan karane vaalaa prateet hotaa haye, lekin bahaali key samay, vaha episcopacy key anuroop thaa. 1666 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unake bete johnn (d.1671) key vanshaj, madhya-calder key mantri, 1678 mein varishth pankti key vilupt honey parr, kulross key lord colville kii upaadhi key uttaradhikari honge. haalaanki, unhone taba taka sheershak kaa upayog naheen kiya jaba taka kii elizabeth melville key mahaan-potey johnn ney 1723 mein safaltapurvak iska daavaa naheen kiya. kulross kaa vartamaan wiscoutville unake seedhe vanshaj hain.
1853 key liye bhoomi parr rahane vaale kuleen varg key vanshavali aur vanshavali shabdakosh", vol.3, p. 71, surr bernard barke ney elizabeth melville key bete dow alekjendar koo ack alster planter key roop mein galat tareeke seey pahachaana aur paadari kaa naam bhee dow alekjendar colville thaa. baad vaalaa, lagbhag nishchit roop seey clish key colvils kaa vanshaj, ney bahut adhik dhana arjit kiya aur ballymena key paas galgorum mahal kaa nirmaan kiya, iss prakriya mein necromency key liye pratishtha praapt kii. barke kii galati ney durbhagya seey vibhinn prakashanon aur online vanshavali mein galat bayanon koo janm diyaa haye.
saimuel colville.
1631 mein johnn livingstone koo likhe ack patra mein, elizabeth ney tippani kii thee kii 'saimuel sent andru mein ack yogya mister thair, bott aaee fair usey ghaatak karane jaa rhaa haye', joe ingit kartaa haye kii usake sabse chhote bachche kaa vyavhaar lambe samay seey apratyaashit thaa. saimuel key dogrell paskills mein seey teen (1643,1669 aur 1673 seey) pandulipi mein jeevit hain, aakraman karane vaale clerk register surr alekjendar gibson, bishap gilbert bernet aur dundonald key earl parr kramshah hamla karate hain. 1681 mein saimuel ney apani "mock kavita" yaa "dha whiggs plication" key kaee sanskaranon mein seey pahala prasiddh prakaashit kiya, jise kabhi-kabhi scotish hoodybrass key roop mein varnit kiya jaataa haye. 1673 mein unhone ack badaa tomme prakaashit kiya thaa, "mahaan dhokhebaaz ney khoj keeh yaa, pope aur poppish dharm kaa ack aitihaasik vivaad", maanaa jaataa haye kii dou mein seey pahala. aage koee bhaag kabhi dikhaai naheen diyaa. yeh pataa naheen haye kii unaki mrityu kaba hui. yeh atyadhik sambhavana haye kii james yaa alekjendar key bajaay saimuel colville, melville key samvaadaata saimuel rutherford dwara sandarbhit betaa thaa jaba usane 9 julaai 1637 koo usey likhaa thaah 'aapke bete key liye, joe aapka dukh haye, aapke swami ney aapka aur meraa intezar kiya, jaba taka kii humm paripakva naheen hoe gaye, aur hamein ander naheen laaya. prarthana karna aur uska intezar karna aapka kaam haye. jaba vaha paripakva hoe jaayega, tou usake liye bolaa jaayega. hamaare swami kii havaa koo kaun udaa sakata haye? mujhe pataa haye kii yeh baad key anta mein aapka achchha hoga.'
christian colville.
mahaan presbyterian paadari saimuel rutherford seey 9 julaai 1637 key vahee patra elizabeth melville koo likhaa gayaa haye, jisamen kahaa gayaa haye kii 'aapka damad doubleu.jee. apane swami aur swami key kaaran key liye vaastav mein sammaanit haye... usaki patni uska protsaahan dene vaali haye, jisase aapako khushi honey chaahiye. yeh kirkedbrite key villium glendining (yaa glendoning) provost koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jinhone 1637 key vasant kii shuruat mein apane pitaa shree koo kaid karane seey incar curr diyaa thaa. robbert, sthaaniya mantri. shree. galloway key bishap thomas sidsurf ney robbert koo gair-anuroopata key liye nilambit curr diyaa thaa, jinhone baad mein adesh diyaa kii provost glendining aur anya sthaaniya adhikaariyon koo wigtown mein kaid curr liya jaae. villium glendining kaa vivaah christian colville seey huaa thaa, jiska naam unaki naani christian boswell key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. dampati kaa kewal ack hii bachcha haye, elizabeth, jiska naam sambhavatah unaki naani key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa; unakaa pahala pati ack george glendining thaa, unakaa doosara johnn maxwell thaa, joe nithsdale key teesare earl kaa bhaai thaa, jisaki mrityu 1658 key pahale bhaag mein hui thee. villium glendining koo rutherford key maujooda patra sabhi glendining kii patni koo vishesh badhaai key saath samaapt hotey hain. vartamaan mein, christian colville key baare mein aage kuchh bhee gyaat naheen haye, lekin glendinning ney covenanting scotland mein kuchh pramukhta kaa anand liya, glassgo general assembly mein bhaag liya jisane episcopate koo samaapt curr diyaa, aur chaar scotish ayukton mein seey ack thaa jinhen charles aaee key nishpaadan koo rokane kii koshish karane key liye landan bheja gayaa thaa.
melville kii kavita.
mudrit kavitaaen.
1599 mein, kavi-paadari alekjendar humey ney apane "bhajan, yaa pavitra geeton" koo 'lady kamri' koo samarpit kiya, aur apane prastaavana sambodhan mein, unhone usey 'ack ladki, ack komal yuva, udas, ekant aur pavitra' key roop mein varnit kiya, 'main khud koo kavita mein goonthata huun; aur jaisa kii main binaa kissy vishvaas key, usa kalaa mein aapke kissy bhee ling koo utkrisht banaata huun, kii main iss rashtra key bheetar hamesha kathor huun. maine aapaki rachanaon koo itna prachur, itna garbhavati, itna pretaatm, dekhaa haye kii mujhe sandeh naheen haye kii yeh aap mein bhagwan kaa upahaar haye. usee khand mein apane nibandh 'too dha scotish yoothe' mein, humey ney apana kathor drishtikon rakhaa kii dhaarmik kavita hii ekmatra kavita thee jise isaaiyon koo padhana yaa likhana chaahiye. melville kii kavita kaee mayanon mein hyoom key nirdeshon kaa udaaharan detee haye, halanki ack anya mantri, david black, melville key kaam key saar kaa ack sahee saransh pradaan kartaa haye. ack pradarshani mein weapon dha therty too sailme, joe devtaon key bachchon key vinamrata aur kiranon key vaastavik manner kaa varnan kartaa haye" (1600), kaalaa kahata haye kii bhajan raajaa david key 'apane aap seey nipatane key liye bhagwan key aantarik anubhav aur tippaniyon kaa ack record haye, joe unaki mehnat aur peedaa key anta mein, vaha phir seey kartaa haye aur likhane key liye pratibaddh hotaa haye. melville key lekhan bhajanon kii pratidhvaniyon seey bharey hue hain, donon vanshavali bibil gadya sanskaranon aur 1564 key scotish chhandakar bhajan mein paae jaane vaale (kissy bhee tarah seey 1562 key bhajanon kii angreji poori pustak key samaan naheen). unaki adhikansh kavitaaen spasht roop seey unake apane vyaktigat aadhyatmik sanghrshon aur unake saath bhagwan key vyavhaar key unake aantarik anubhav seey paida hui theen. annie godli dream" mein, unhone una sanghrshon seey ack kathaa naatak banaaya, aur ise duniya key saath saajha karane kaa vikalp chunaa 'apane doston kii maang parr'. kavita koo 60 aathh panktiyon vaale 'ballet royal' shlokon (kavita kaa abhigambh) mein daala gayaa haye, aur isamen kathavachak aur masih key beach samvaad, prabhaavi varnanatmak ansh, dhaarmik lekhan aur homiltic upadesh shamil hain; kavita kaa antim teesara hissa apane sandesh key 'anuprayog' mein, joe pahale chalaa gayaa haye, usaki sameeksha kartaa haye, jaise kii usa samay key ack upadesh mein paaya gayaa hoga.
1603 kaa print scots orthography mein prastut kiya gayaa haye. agale, dinaankit sanskaran mein, shayed 1604 seey, paath koo angreji vartani key ack roop mein likhaa gayaa haye, kuchh chhote paath parivartanon key saath, aur prakaashan abb 'ack dost key anurodh parr' bataaya gayaa haye. iss paath key baad sabhi kramik sanskaran (terah kull milakar gyaat hain, 1737 taka) aae. dream" kii safalata aisee thee kii charter ney 1606 mein ack teesara sanskaran jaari kiya. inn sanskaranon mein, aur andro haart key 1620 key sanskaran mein, "dream" key baad paanch panktiyon mein ack 'aramdayak geet' thaa, jisaki shuruat 'away wein warreld' seey hui, joe lambe samay taka mahaan darbari kavi alekjendar montgomeri (d.1598) koo galat tareeke seey samarpit thaa. yeh atyant safal angreji prem-geet 'will aaee lait harr goo' kii ack 'pavitra parody' haye, jise 1600 mein robbert johns dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa aur shekspeare dwara 'baarahavin raat' mein uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa. raaban key 1644 key aberdeen print mein "dream", 'away wein worled' key saath 'cumm sweet lord, maaee dugg seez' shamil hoe gayaa thaa, joe ack aur angreji prem-geet kii scots-bhasha kii pavitra parody thee. sainya roop seey catholic virodhi, yeh sambhavatah elizabeth melville kaa ack kaam haye joe pandulipi mein prasaarit kiya gayaa thaa. dream" key baad key sanskaranon mein, yeh 'away wein worled' kii jagah letaa haye. halanki, 'away wein warreld' kaa teen-stanza paath baad key aberdine prakaashan, 'johnn forbes key geet aur kalpana' (1662,1666 aur 1682) mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa, geet sankhya key roop mein. 35. sabhi pustakon key geeton kii tarah, yeh bhee apramaanit haye. forbes key truti-chhitare hue paath koo athaarah saal pahale raaban key "ishwariya sapane" mein aberdeen mein mudrit paath seey pratilipi naheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
pandulipi kavitaaen.
jahan taka vartamaan mein gyaat haye, melville kaa koee anya kaam print mein dikhaai naheen diyaa. melville makbare kii baahari deewaar parr utkeern dou saamoohik 'kavita shaahi' chhand, joe kii 1609 mein apani patni key liye halhil key surr james dwara banaae gaye they, sambhavatah unaki kavi betty kaa kaam hain. vyaktigat kavitaon kii pandulipi uttarjeevita (teen sonnet, marlo kii 'merey saath live aao' kii ack pavitra parody aur badey paimaane parr 'masih kii anupasthiti key liye vilaap karna pasand kartaa haye') ingit karati haye kii unaki kuchh kritiyon kii hastalikhit pratiyaan prachalan mein theen. halanki, pramukh uttarjeevita vaha haye joe solah kavitaon aur teen laghu sonnet-anukramon kaa ack sachet krambaddh anukram prateet hotaa haye. kull 3,000 panktiyaan, yeye edinberg key mantri robert broose dwara 1590-91 mein upadesh diye gaye hebru 11 parr untees updeshon kii ack sunder pratilipi pandulipi khand key anta mein paaee jaati hain. lexis, vakyansh vigyaan, shally aur "eney godli dream" aur 'away wein warreld' (aur melville key naam vaali chaar pandulipi kavitaon key saath) key saath vishay-vastu mein ativyaapi honey key kaaran 2002 mein jaimi reed-baxter dwara melville koo jimmedaar thaharaaya gayaa; isi karanon seey, unhone usee varsh anaam pandulipi kavita 'masih kii anupasthiti key liye vilaap seey pyaar kartaa haye' koo bhee usey jimmedaar thaharaaya.
melville dwara apane teen likhit roop seey nirdisht sonnet key antim dohare mein seey donon panktiyon mein seezura seey pahale ack 'chimming' aantarik tukbandi kaa upayog ack vishisht shaileegat marker haye. kaid mantri johnn velsh key liye acrostic sonnet samaapt hotaa haih
ack aisaa drishya joe sabse ujjwal hoe, aapaki aatma jald hii dekhegi.
jaba mahima kaa bhandar hoga tou aapka samriddh puraskar hoga.
kaid andru melville key liye acrostic (aur anagram) sonnet samaapt hotaa haih
abb souls apane likat key liye skine koo luik karate hain
aur main khush huun kii anandit hoe.
aur saath mein diye gaye sonnet kaa bhee anta unhein sambodhit karate hue hotaa haih
anand lein aur thoch sathaan sift dha sore gaaen
apane raajaa key liye aur mahima kaa mukut praapt karein.
iss hadataali upkaran koo kuchh broose pandulipi sonnet mein bhee niyojit kiya jaataa haye. yeh sent andru key presbytery key chaar mantriyon dwara sonnet mein bhee paaya jaataa haye. presbyterian itihaaskaar rev key vilakshan vakr haath mein darj 'lady culross dwara mister johnn velsh koo kaalepan key liye bheje gaye ack sonnet' kii antim pankti. 1826 mein scotish pandulipi vidwan david laing dwara mudrit aur 1895 mein punarmudrit sahee pratilekhan key astitva key bavjood, robbert vodro (1679-1734) koo baar-baar galat anuvaadit kiya gayaa haye.
melville key patra.
edinberg vishvavidyalaya pustakalaya key laing sangrah mein elizabeth melville dwara likhe gaye gyaarah holograph patron kii ack baadhya matra aur baarahavin kii ack pratilekh haye. ack patra agast 1625 kaa haye, anya gyaarah janwari 1629 aur juuna 1632 key beach likhe gaye they. way ack vishal patrachar key ack chhote seey tukade seey adhik kaa pratinidhitva naheen karate hain, lekin way kavi key baare mein jeevani sambandhi jaankaari kaa ack amulya srot hain. sabse adhik jaankaaripurna way dou hain joe melville ney 1625 aur 1629 mein apane bete james koo sambodhit kiye they, jinaki pahale seey hii charcha kii gaee thee. yeye donon hii kewal sampaadit kiye gaye patra hain, lekin nau holograph patron (wigton kii countess, margaret livingston koo) mein seey kewal ack aprakaashit haye. isake praaptakarta honey key bavjood, yeh melville key yuva mantri johnn livingstone koo juuna 1629 aur juuna 1632 key beach likhe gaye nau patron key maujooda samooh kaa ack abhinn hissa haye. livingstone key apane aatmakathaatmak lekhan, patron key saath, melville kii jeevani key baare mein jaankaari kaa pramukh srot hain.
1845 mein, livingstone kii aatmakatha aur 'divya providence kii yadgar visheshtaon aur ullekhaniya ansh' sheershak vaale visham avalokan doubleu dwara prakaashit kiye gaye they.key.tweedy. tweedy mein elizabeth melville dwara livingstone koo sambodhit aathh holograph patron key granth bhee shamil they, jisamen bataaya gayaa thaa kii inhen unake mool sangraahak, pracheen charles kirkpatrick sharp dwara likhaa gayaa thaa. tweedy ney yeh ullekh naheen kiya haye kii 1817 mein, sharp ney melville seey livingstone taka ack nauvaan patra mudrit kiya thaa, jisamen iss avalokan key saath poorv mein likhaa thaa kii, saimuel rutherford kii tarah, johnn livingstone ney scotland mein sabhi pratishthit mahila utsaahi logon key saath ack patra-vyavhaar kiya thaa, aur maine kaee patra dekhe hain... apane vyakti key saath-saath vaacha key kaaran key prati adbhut lagaav vyakt karna. jiss shally mein inn santon ney likhaa thaa, usake ack namoone key roop mein, mool ms seey, mahila culross kaa ack patra, joe unake dhaarmik rhapsody kii vyaapaktaa seey bahut adhik sankshipt haye, koo adheen kiya gayaa haye.. prashn mein patra kewal edinberg vishvavidyalaya pustakalaya mein baadhya khand mein 19 veen shatabdi key pratilekh key roop mein paaya jaataa haye. jaisa kii tweedy dwara mudrit kiya gayaa haye, aathh anya aksharon kaa sharp kaa pratilekhan spasht roop seey poori tarah seey sateek naheen haye. tweedy ney likhaa kii 'vibhinn aksharon kii tithiyon koo sateekta key saath taya karna mushkil haye', lekin unaki samagri seey pataa chalata haye kii jiss crum mein unhone unhein mudrit kiya vaha kalanukramik naheen haye. ack soochi joe spasht roop seey adhik sateek adesh pradaan karati haye, 2015 mein prakaashit kii gaee thee, jisamen pahale likhe gaye tweedy key noo iii, usake baad noo honge. viii, i, ii aur phir nos. IV seey VIII taka. iss crum mein, 1817 mein sharp dwara mudrit patra III aur VIII, i key beach aayega.ee. poorna kalanukramik shrinkhala mein doosara, jabaki wigton kii ganana key liye aprakaashit holograph patra sankhya key beach aayega. II aur IV.
melville kii kavita kii tarah, vartamaan patra bibil key uddharanon aur sanketon seey bharey hue hain, lekin inmein koee kavita naheen haye. unake bete james key liye donon 'adharmi seey adhik tuchchh' hain, jabaki jeevit patthar key liye way 'aksar adharmi (saath hii saath vichitra aur aatm-apmaanjanak roop seey hasyapurna)' hain; melville 'bhagwan mein maan' kii tarah likhate hain, jeevit patthar koo vyakhyan dete hain, unhein paramarsh dete hain, unhein danta karate hain aur yahaan taka kii updeshon key liye vishay vastu kaa sujhaav dete hain. apane pitaa key nakshekadam parr chalane key liye mantralaya key liye prashikshit honey key baad, livingstone ney presbyterianwad key paalan key kaaran episcopal padanukram dwara avaruddh ack scotish parrish key liye apana raasta paaya, aur kaee varshon taka unhone jahan bhee unakaa swaagat kiya vahaan prachaar kiya, jisamen ack atithi key roop mein, jisamen feif bhee shamil thaa. apane lekhan mein, livingstone usa suraksha aur samarthan key prati kritagyata key saath bolata haye joe usey jamindar vargon kii kaee mahilaaon dwara pradaan kiya gayaa thaa, lekin vaha 'elizabeth melville key baare mein kissy bhee mahaan "grandes dames" kii tulanaa mein adhik kahana chaahata haye jinake liye vaha dekhaa gayaa thaa. melville key patron mein una vyaktiyon aur sthaanon key sandarbh diye gaye hain joe darshaate hain kii vaha kiss hudd taka presbyterian key rashtravyapi scotish network kaa hissa thee joe pooja aur curk shasson key sambandh mein mukut neeti key prati nishkriya pratirodh kaa abhyaas curr rahee thee. unake patrachar key alawa, anya srot unake network aur samparkon key liye surag dete hain, disambar 1609 mein lodgy key mantri alekjendar humey ney "badee mahila elizabeth melville, lady commy" koo mairi stevert key saath jodaa, unaki vaseeyat mein maar kii countess, una donon koo "pyaar, isai sneh aur aashirvaad" kii kaamana karate hain. robbert vodro koo bataaya gayaa thaa kii vaha 1622 mein aglinton mahal mein annie livingstone gaee thee, mantri david dickson seey mulakat kii thee.
melville mein aadhunik ruchi.
vishvavidyalayon mein ruchi.
melville parr aadhunik vidvata david laing key 1826 key "scotish chhand kathaaon" mein "eney godli dream" key 1603 paath key punarmudran seey shuru hoti haye, jise 1895 mein carave hazlit dwara "scotland kii praarambhik lokpriya kavita" key roop mein phir seey jaari kiya gayaa thaa. dream" key liye laing key utsaahi parichay mein 1606 yaa 1607 kaa melville kaa acrostic sonnet shamil thaa, joe jail mein bund mantri johnn velsh (acrostic mein aim johnn velsh padhaa jaataa haye) key liye thaa, joe vodro pandulipiyon (abb scotland key rashtriya pustakalaya dwara aayojit) mein gair-samkaaleen pratiyon mein butch gayaa thaa. halanki, laing ney 'away wein warreld' koo chhod diyaa, kyonki unhone alekjendar montgomeri kii kavitaon kii margaret cair pandulipi mein paath kaa ack sanskaran khoja, jisaki mrityu kii tarikh 1970 key dashak taka poori tarah seey agyaat thee. laing ney maanaa kii iss tarah kii gunavatta kii kavita james vee key 'mister mucker' kaa kaam honah chaahiye, aur melville key printer dwara ack meck-wait key roop mein viniyojit kiya gayaa thaa. partextual adhyayan ack bahut hii halia vikas haye, aur 19veen shatabdi key puraane mudrit kaary key sampadakon mein seey ack, laing, seemit kavita koo aprasangik bataate hue, akela naheen thaa. phir bhee yeh utsuk haye kii laing yeh dhyaan dene mein whiffle rhaa kii yeh laghu geet "sapane" key pramukh vishay seey kitna nikatata seey sambandhit haye, arthaat iss parthiv jeevan mein masih key liye vaastav mein binaa shart prem aur maargdarshak key roop mein aur raksha karane aur bachaane key liye apane haath kii taakat mein poorna vishvaas dwara pradaan kiya gayaa aadhyatmik anand. melville key dost alekjendar humey (edinberg, 1902) key karyon key apane scotish text society sanskaran mein, alekjendar losson ney ack parishisht mein "dream" aur "away wein warreld" donon koo shamil kiya.
haalaanki, melville ney vaastav mein samkaaleen chhatravritti key saath panjikaran karna shuru kiya kewal germain greer key samavesh aur yug-nirmaan mein unake kaam kii charcha key saath "choomana chhadah 17 veen shatabdi kii mahilaaon kii kavita kaa ack sankalan" (1988). 1991 mein, scotish-kanadai catherine kerigan dwara sampaadit "scotish mahilaaon kii kavita kaa ack sankalan", isi tarah "eney godli dream" aur melville key sonnet seey johnn velsh taka kuchh panktiyon koo punah prastut kiya. taba seey, melville key naam aur kavita kaa niyamit roop seey ullekh kiya gayaa haye aur praarambhik aadhunik mahilaaon parr vidvaanon key kaam mein charcha kii gaee haye. melville key baare mein likhane aur likhane mein akaadamik ruchi badhati jaa rahee haye, halanki unhein aksar 'praarambhik aadhunik angreji mahila' key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, aur isaliye kabhi-kabhi unhein 'elizabeth colville' key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. saaraa dunigan, rebekka laroche, saaraa rose aur jaimi reed-baxter ney melville koo usake scotish sandarbh mein dridhata seey rakhane kaa prayaas kiya haye, chaahe vaha aitihaasik hoe, church yaa saahityik.
francisi saahitya key saath unaki parichitata kii seema abhee bhee agyaat haye, halanki margurite dee navarre kii kavita key saath spasht samaantaaen hain. usake apane pitaa key francisi sambandh bahut gahare they. lekin 'auld gathbandhan' key kaaran, france key saath scotland key antarang sambandhon kaa matlab thaa kii sudhaar key baad, badee sankhya mein scott ney vahaan adhyayan karna aur padhaana jaari rakhaa, cumm seey cumm vibhinn francisi protestant akadamiyon mein tou naheen. usake dost alekjendar humey ney kaee saal france mein adhyayan kiya, aur uska apana betaa alekjendar vahaan apane currier kaa ack badaa hissa bunn jaataa. melville angreji saahityik vikas seey avagat thaa, tudor puritan devine key prakashanon koo padhata thaa, aur geneva bibil key saath ack vishvakosh parichit thaa aur isake seemant vivaad mein naheen haye, lekin saahityik sandarbhon mein, unakaa kaam sabse turant unake scotish samkaaleen alekjendar humey, james melville aur alekjendar montgomeri kii prastutiyon seey sambandhit haye, aur unake peechhe, surr david lindsey kii "dream" (c.1526; 1574 mein prakaashit) aur unake vishal "dylog btuics anubhav aur ack shishtachar, duniya key dayaniya saundarya seey door" (peris, 1558, scott reissue 1574), saath hii saath "gumnam gude aur godleats" (1565 aur baad mein kaee sanskaran) kii upasthiti. elizabeth melville kii bhasha, unake jatil tukbandi-yojanaon aur anupraas kaa upayog, aur scotish interlessing sonnet roop (ubbcbcdcd) sabhi unaki mool kavyatmak parampara seey sambandhit hain. robbert henrieson key "orpheus" kii tarah, david lindsey kaa kathakar "dream" aur "annie dylog btuics anubhav aur annie cortier" donon mein narak kii yatra kartaa haye. 1590 key dashak mein scotish swapn-drishti parampara abhee bhee jeevant thee, james melville, johnn beurel aur montgomeri ney 1590 aur 1597 key beach paryaapt, yadi bahut alag, swapn-drishti kavitaon koo prakaashit kiya. melville mein badhati shaikshanik ruchi key liye, neeche granth soochi dekhein.
vishvavidyalayon key saath byaaj.
aitihaasik gaanv culross mein mahila culross key liye kissy bhee prakaar kaa koee smaarak naheen haye, jahan vaha apane vayask jeevan bhar apane behnoi aur apane bhaai key mantralaya key tahat abby kirk mein pooja karati thee. unnisvin shatabdi kii presbyterian dharmanishtha kii abhivyakti karane vaali lokpriya pustaken, joe 1638 kii rashtriya vaacha kii bhavna kii pooja karati theen, ney johnn velsh, johnn livingstone aur saimuel rutherford key mitra key roop mein melville key astitva kaa ullekh kiya, halanki rutherford key patron key kaee sanskaranon key samanantar "aine godli dream" kaa koee lokpriya punarmudran naheen thaa. melville kaa ullekh kabhi-kabhi scotish sthaaniya bhasha saahitya key lokpriya itihas mein kiya gayaa thaa, lekin unakaa kaam scotish kavita key kaee lokpriya sanklanon mein seey kissy mein bhee shamil naheen haye joe 19veen aur 20veen shatabdi key dauran utpann hue they, naa hii vaha "scotish kavita kii naee penguin pustak" (2002) mein dikhaai detee haye.
haalaanki, jaimi reed-baxter kii pandulipi kavita kii vasuli key baad, melville key jeevan aur kaary kii dou saarvajanik sangeet karyakram prastutiyaan theenh 3 aprail 2004 koo culross abby mein, aur 26 juuna 2005 koo innerphrey collegiate kirk mein. 2010 mein, melville key geeton koo scotish sudhaar kii 450veen varshgaanth key avsar parr teen sangeet karyakramon (culross, dundy aur dunfirmline mein) mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. "elizabeth melville, lady culross" kii kavitaaen inmein seey pahale 17 aprail 2010 koo culross abby mein launch kii gaeen theen. melville key smaran mein edinberg mein mucker key darbar mein utkeern dhwaj ack saarvajanik bayaan haye, aur chune gaye uddharan mein melville kii ack mahila key roop mein aadhunik jeevan key liye nirantar prasangikta koo ujagar kiya gayaa haye jisane atyachar kaa virodh kiya thaa. 21 juuna 2014 koo germain greer dwara iska anaavaran 'elizabeth melville day' kaa hissa banaa, saarvajanik karyakramon kii ack shrinkhala joe melville key sabhi paanch geeton kii visheshta vaale ack saamoohik sangeet karyakram mein samaapt hoti haye, jisake liye sangeet maujood haye.
melville padh rahey hain.
melville kaa geneva-bibil-adharit shabdakosh kaafee hudd taka shabdawali key vishesh roop seey scots itum koo chhod detaa haye, aur iss prakaar ack gair-scotophone paathak key liye kuchh samasyaaen paida kartaa haye. halanki, melville kii bhasha kii dhwani 16veen shatabdi key anta mein unake mool roop seey fifshire scots kii haye, aur unaki kalaatmaktaa aur takniki kaushal taba adhik spasht hoe jaate hain jaba unake kaam koo scots key roop mein uchchaarit kiya jaataa haye. yeh koee aasaan kaam naheen haye kyonki aksar unake lekhakon aur printers kii vartani bahut angreji hoti haye; 1603 taka, jaba "annie godli dream" pahali baar mudrit kiya gayaa thaa, paaramparik scots pranali vartani lambe samay seey angreji mudrit pustakon key ayaat key prabhaav mein tootana shuru hoe gaee thee. melville kii panktiyon koo bhee sahee dhang seey scan karane kii aavashyakta haih usane unmetrical dogrell naheen likhaa thaa. unaki kavita mein, maanak madhya scots likhit samaapti "-is" (bahuvachan sangyaon yaa teesare vyakti ekvachan koo chihnit karna) koo lagbhag kabhi bhee shabdansh moolya naheen diyaa jaataa haye; vahee aksar '-it' koo samaapt karane vaale pichhale pratibhaagi parr lagu hotaa haye, jabaki-aksar madhya scots mein-antar-mukhar "v" bahut baar baahar hoe jaataa haye (cf. hallow' aine 'aur' oh 'air'). 16veen shatabdi key anta aur 17veen shatabdi kii shuruat kii sabhi sthaaniya kavitaon kii tarah, melville kaa kaam bahut saare anupraas kaa upayog kartaa haye, aur isaliye "k" shabdon mein "kn", aur "w" ("v" key roop mein uchchaaran) shabdon mein "wr" kii shuruat mein aavaaj dee jaani chaahiye, e.jee. vrechit' key liye 'vrechit' likhaa gayaa haye. gattural vyanjan "chaa" koo hamesha iska uchit moolya diyaa jaanaa chaahiye, bhale hii "gha" kii vartani hoe aur dhwani koo 'down' aur 'crown' jaise shabdon mein 'oh' dwara darshaaya gayaa hoe, yaa 'out' aur 'about' jaise shabdon mein 'oh' dwara darshaaya gayaa hoe, jaisa kii aadhunik bolly jaane vaali scots mein 'oh' haye.) jaisa kii unaki tukbandi-yojanaon seey pataa chalata haye, melville kii fife-angus bolly mein, "shaanti", "bund", yaa "haid" aur "dade" jaise shabdon koo "gati" key roop mein uchchaaran kiya jaataa thaa, kahate hain, haid, dade (cf. aadhunik alster uchchaaran). anya scots kaviyon kii tarah, melville kabhi-kabhi tukbandi key uddeshyon key liye kuchh dhwaniyon key 'dakshini' uchchaaran kaa upayog kartaa haye; udaaharan key liye, jaba "moir/morr" likhaa jaataa haye tou "gloyer" yaa "befoyer" key saath tukbandi kii jaati haye, ise "mair" key roop mein uchchaaran naheen kiya jaataa haye. melville kii panktiyon koo jitna samriddh tareeke seey padhaa jaataa haye, aur jitna adhik sateek roop seey scan kiya jaataa haye, unaki sangeetmayata utani hii adhik hoti haye. unake geet key boll mein, panktiyaan unake dwara chuni gaee dhunon key anuroop achchi tarah seey aakar letee hain, aur jaba yeye kavitaaen gaati hain, tou yeye gaharaai seey prabhaavit hoti hain. melville key kaam kaa prabhaav samanya roop seey suney jaane seey bahut badh jaataa haih 21 juuna 2014 koo elizabeth melville divas sangoshthi mein "eney godli dream" ack prabhaavi pradarshan tukada saabit huaa. dou awazon dwara pradarshan key liye bhee upayukt haye broose pandulipi mein lambi upaant kavita, kissy mahaan aadhyatmik sankat mein kissy kii aatma key beach ack samvaad-shayed marane taka? - aur ack shaant santvana dene vaalaa aadhyatmik salaahkaar.
melville kii viraasat.
apane samkaaleenon kii "yadgar visheshtaon" parr johnn livingstone key tippaniyon mein elizabeth melville key kaee sandarbh hain, joe unake sahsambandhvadiyon parr unake prabhaav kii seema taka gawahi dete hain. inn vyaktiyon mein ireshire tata parr irvin key presbyterian mantri david dickson shamil they, jinhen unhone 4 agast 1621 koo asantusht mantriyon aur anya presbyterians kii ack nirash company kii prarthana kaa netritva karane key liye alag kiya thaa, jaba scotish sansad ney episcopalian key paanch lekhon kii pushti kii thee. 1634 mein pahali baar prakaashit dixon kii bahut mudrit lambi kavita, "sachcha isai prem, bhajanon kii samanya dhunon key saath gaaya jaanaa", melville key kaam kii yaad dilaati haye. dixon ney ack kalabaji kavita bhee likhi (apane naam parr, teen ababack panktiyon mein), joe melville key kalabaji aadhyatmik sonnet kii yaad dilaati haye. vaha dickson key saath patrachar mein rahee haye. yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii melville kii kavita ney ack anya spasht roop seey presbyterian kavi, silvertonhill key francis hamilton koo bhee prabhaavit kiya. yeh sambhav haye kii "annie godli dream" koo rovlan key sainya roop seey presbyterian surr villium murey key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa, joe ireshire seey bhee they. vishesh roop seey, unake sonnet-sequence "dha joy off tears" (1635 mein prakaashit) mein kaee panktiyaan aur chhaviyaan hain joe melville kii kavita kii dridhata seey yaad dilaati hain joe wafadaron key utpeedan kii ninda karati hain. lekin melville kii viraasat bahut adhik vyaapak haye, jahan taka kii "eney godli dream" key bahut lambe shelf-life ney pavitra scotish presbyterian kii kaee peedhiyon kii aadhyatmikta koo prabhaavit kiya hoga. mucker darbar mein smaarak dhwaj key anaavaran aur usa ghatana koo gherne vaale kaafee prachaar key saath, vaha pichhali shataabdiyon kii scotish mahilaaon key lekhan key punarmulyankan key liye ack pramukh bunn gaee haih anya chhah mahilaaon ney 1900 key baad sabhi koo prakaashit kiya.

