
shuangyu

shuangyu () chean key jhejiang key tata seey door leuheng dweep () parr ack bandargah thaa. 16veen shatabdi key dauran, bandargah ney antarrashtriya vyaapaar key ack avaidh udyam key roop mein kaam kiya, joe japan, dakshin poorv asia aur purtagaal key vyapariyon koo aakarshit kartaa thaa, jaba chean key sattaaroodh ming rajvansh dwara niji videshi vyaapaar parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. purtagaali sroton ney iss sthaan koo liampo kahaa, joe mukhya bhoomi parr paas key shahar ningbo kaa naam leey rhaa haye. ack taskari kendra aur samudri dakuon key aashray key roop mein shuangyu key dinn 1524 kii shuruat mein shuru hue aur 1548 mein ming nausena dwara isake vinash taka chaley, ack aisee ghatana jise 16 veen shatabdi key purtagaali yatra lekhak ferno mendes pinto dwara bahut atiranjit (aur galat tareeke seey dinaankit) kiya gayaa thaa.
16veen shatabdi mein avaidh vyaapaar.
16veen shatabdi mein, resham aur cheeni mitty key bartan jaise cheeni utpaadon kii vaishvik maang chean mein chaandi kii uchch maang key saath hui. haalaanki, purvi asia mein chaandi key pramukh aapurtikarta, japani aur purtagaali, bhaari maang koo puuraa karane key liye chean mein kanuni roop seey vyaapaar naheen curr sakey. usee samay, cheeni vyapariyon koo ming rajvansh key samudri nishedh kaanoonon key kaaran videshiyon key saath vyaapaar karane seey roque diyaa gayaa thaa. chean mein niji vyaapaar karane key liye, japani aur purtagaali vyapariyon ney jhejiang aur fujian tata key saath dweep bandargaahon parr taskaron key saath sahyog kiya. inn bandargaahon mein, shuangyu gupt vyaapaar key praathamik emporium key roop mein ubhara, kyonki yeh ningbo aur haingjhou key baajaron seey uchit doori parr thaa, lekin yeh bhee kii yeh ming tata adhikaariyon seey kaafee door thaa.
ack taskari bandargah key roop mein shuangyu kaa sabse pahala ullekh yeh bataata haye kii jhejiang tata parr arajakta (1523 kii ningbo ghatana kaa sandarbh) 1524 mein shuangyu mein vastuon key adhik bhandar kaa kaaran bunny. pahale, shuangyu mein kewal vyaapaar key mausam key dauran taskaron key liye khud koo aur apane saman koo rakhane key liye asthaayi chataai-shade they. 1539 mein, fujiani vyapariyon ney patani aur malakka seey laker shuangyu mein barter taka videshi vyapariyon kaa margadarshan karna shuru kiya aur dweep parr kabja karna shuru curr diyaa. jald hii unake saath fujiyai vyaapaari jinji laao (<unk>, "gold elder") aur lii gwangtu (<unk>, "baldi lii") shamil hoe gaye, jinhone purtagaali aur mishrit sahsi logon koo shuangyu mein leey jaaya. jhejiang tata parr badhate vyaapaar seey aakarshit hocker, juu dong (<unk>) aur unake bhaaiyon key netritva mein syndicate ney malay praaydweep seey apane sanchaalan key aadhar koo shuangyu mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. shoo syndicate key maujooda prabhaav aur purtagaliyon key saath isaki karibi saajhedaari ney ise 1542 taka shuangyu mein vyaapaari-samudri dakuon key beach vilay kii ack shrinkhala key baad sabse pramukh taskari block banaa diyaa.
1543 mein, ming adhikaariyon ney taskari parr ankush lagaana shuru curr diyaa, iss tarah kii gatividhiyon koo usee tarah dekhaa jaise vakou samudri dakaiti. haalaanki, shoo syndicate purtagaali agneyastron kii sahaayata seey shuangyu parr inn praarambhik ming hamalon koo palatane mein saksham thaa. ming nausena key khilaf apani jeet seey kathor, taskaron ney chean key tata seey neeche gwangdong aur antardeshiya nanjing mahanagar taka apani gatividhiyon key network kaa vistaar kiya, jisamen shuangyu unakaa kendra thaa. 1544 mein, iss network kaa aur vistaar kiya gayaa jaba japan sthit vyaapaari wang jhee shoo syndicate mein shamil hoe gayaa, jisase uska japani connection shuangyu key saath aaa gayaa. iss prakaar shuangyu europe aur asia seey samudri poorv asia mein sabse badey vyaapaar key roop mein apane charam parr pahunch gayaa. isake vinash kii poorv sandhya parr, shuangyu kii anumaanit aabaadi 600 "voe berber" thee, ack shabd joe japaniyon koo sandarbhit kartaa thaa lekin usa samay anya videshiyon koo bhee shamil kiya jaa sakata thaa.
shuangyu kii samriddhi kii oonchaai parr, shuangyu key sthaaniya nivaasiyon ney swechha seey samudri dakuon kii sahaayata kii, kyonki taskari vyaapaar dweep mein kaafee dhana laaya. gaanv key loga, joe pahale aajeevika key liye aajeevika key liye krishi aur machhali pakadane parr nirbhar they, wang jhee aur kshetra key anya samudri dakuon key liye hathiyar aur kavach banaane kii or rukh kiyaah "[way] goli banaane key liye tambe key sikke pighla dete they, barud banaane key liye namak kaa istemal karate they, talvaaren aur bandooken banaane key liye loha, aur apana kavach banaane key liye chamada."samudri dakuon key liye unaki prashansa aisee thee kii way naa kewal samudri dakuon koo dainik aavashyaktaaen pradaan karate they, balki unhone mahilaaon koo bhee diyaa aur apane bachchon koo bhee dene kaa vaadaa kiya. kaee yuva swechha seey wang jhee key samooh mein shamil hoe gaye. jahan taka shuangyu basti mein purtagaliyon kaa sambandh haye, friar gaspar daa cruze ney likhaa kii way "itani dridhata seey buss gaye they aur itani swatantrata key saath, kii unhein fansi aur" pellorinho "key alawa kuchh bhee naheen thaa, ack aisee swatantrata jiska way aur unake cheeni saathi kabhi-kabhi durupyog karate they jaba way" badee chori aur dakaiti karate they, aur kuchh logon koo maar dete they."
vinash.
1547 mein, ming adalat ney anubhavi general jhu vaan koo shuangyu mein kendrit avaidh vyaapaar aur samudri dakaiti gatividhiyon seey nipatane key liye jhejiang key grand coordinator key roop mein niyukt kiya. 15 aprail 1548 koo, venjhou mein zuu vaan kaa bedaa luu taang aur key kiao (<unk>) kii kamaan key tahat shuangyu key liye ravaana huaa. juuna mein ack raat ghaney mausam key kaaran bedaa shuangyu parr utaraa. hamale key dauran sattais jahaaj doob gaye aur 55 seey kuchh sou taskar maare gaye. kaee logon koo jinda pakad liya gayaa, jinamen dou japani bhee shamil they, halanki lii gwangtu aur wang jhee jaise basti key pramukh loga garmiyon kii mansoon havaaon kii madad seey bachane mein saksham they. lue taang ney taba shahar koo dhwast curr diyaa aur jhu vaan key adesh parr bandargah koo pattharon seey bharkar sthaayi roop seey anupayogi banaa diyaa. phir bhee, tatkaal baad mein, sthaaniya logon ney abhee bhee shuangyu koo ack taskari adde key roop mein sanrakshit karane kii koshish kii, jisamen dinghai mein avalokan chauki ney kathit taur parr ack dinn mein 1,290 jahaajon koo shuangyu kii or jaate hue dekhaa.
cheeni sroton ney purtagaali kaidiyon yaa shuangyu parr hamale seey hatahaton kaa ullekh naheen kiya haye, isake vipareet ferno mendes pinto key apane ardh-kaalpanik "peregrinao" mein daave key vipareet kii kaee hazaar isai, jinamen seey 800 purtagaali they, maare gaye they. mendes pinto ney bhee 1542 mein "liampo" key vinash koo galat tareeke seey rakhaa. haal key shodh mein pinto key "rakt-snan" key vivaran koo ack atishayokti yaa ack mangadhant key roop mein khariz curr diyaa gayaa haye, aur sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii kewal ack chhoti sankhya mein purtagaali shuangyu ghatana mein pakade gaye they. kissy bhee mamle mein, shuangyu key patan kii khabar purtagaali bhaarat koo iss chetavani key saath preshit kii gaee thee kii "chean key bandargah purtagaliyon key khilaf hathiyar mein they", aur purtagaliyon ney dheere-dheere jhejiang mein vyaapaar bund curr diyaa aur dakshin mein fujian aur guangdong chaley gaye.

