
aspashtata (software)

software vikas mein, aspashtata srot yaa machine code banaane kaa kaary haye jise manushyon yaa computers key liye samajhana mushkil haye. praakritik bhasha mein aspashtata kii tarah, yeh bayanon koo likhane key liye anaavashyak roop seey goal abhivyaktiyon kaa upayog curr sakata haye. programmer jaanboojhkar code koo chhipaane key liye isake uddeshya (aspashtata key madhyam seey suraksha) yaa isake tark yaa antarnihit moolyon koo chhipaane key liye code koo aspasht curr sakate hain, mukhya roop seey, chhedchhaad koo rokane key liye, vipareet engineering koo rokane key liye, yaa srot code koo padhane vaale kissy vyakti key liye ack paheli yaa manoranjak chunauti bhee paida karane key liye. yeh manual roop seey yaa ack swachaalit upkaran kaa upayog karke kiya jaa sakata haye, baad vaalaa udyog mein pasandida takneek haye.
avalokan.
kuchh bhaashaon kii vastukala aur visheshataaen unhein dusaron kii tulanaa mein aspasht karna aasaan banaa sakati hain. see, see + +, aur pearl prograaming bhasha kuchh udaaharan hain joe bhaashaon koo aspasht karane mein aasaan hain. sanrachana mein kaafee alag honey key bavjood haskell bhee kaafee aspasht haye.
bhasha koo aspasht banaane vaale guna turant spasht naheen hain.
takneek.
aspashtata key prakaron mein saral mukhya shabd pratisthaapan, kalaatmak prabhaav banaane key liye shwet sthaan kaa upayog yaa gair-upayog, aur swa-utpann yaa bhaari sampeedit karyakram shamil hain.
nick montfort key anusaar, takneekon mein shamil hoe sakate hainh 
swachaalit upkaran.
code aspashtata key pradarshan yaa sahaayata key liye vibhinn prakaar key upkaran maujood hain. inmein shikshaavidon dwara banaae gaye prayogaatmak anusandhaan upkaran, shaukini upkaran, peshevaron dwara likhe gaye vaanijyik utpaad aur open-source software shamil hain. deobfucation upkaran bhee maujood hain joe vipareet parivartan karane kaa prayaas karate hain.
haalaanki adhikansh vaanijyik aspashtata samadhan yaa tou prograam srot code, yaa platform-swatantra bitecode koo badalkar kaam karate hain jaisa kii jaava aur jaava dwara upayog kiya jaataa haye.nett, kuchh aise bhee hain joe seedhe sankalit dwiaadhaari parr kaam karate hain.
manoranjan.
aspasht srot code likhana aur padhana ack mastishk teaser hoe sakata haye. kaee prograaming pratiyogitaaen sabse rachanaatmak roop seey aspasht code koo puraskrit karati hain, jaise kii antarrashtriya aspasht see code pratiyogita aur aspasht pearl pratiyogita.
pearl programmers key hastakshar mein laghu aspasht pearl programon kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. yeye jaffs hain ("sirf ack aur pearl hacker").
cryptographic.
cryptographers ney code koo aspasht karane key vichaar kaa pataa lagaaya haye taaki code koo riverse-engineering karna "cryptographic roop seey" kathin hoe. yeh aprabhedya aspashtata key liye kaee prastaavon mein aupchaarik haye, ack gupt lipi vigyaan kaa adim, joe yadi sambhav hoe tou surakshit roop seey banaane key liye, kaee anya prakaar kii gupt lipi kaa nirmaan karane kii anumati dega, jisamen poori tarah seey nae prakaar shamil hain jinhen koee naheen jaanata kii kaise banaana haye. (ack majboot dhaarana, black-boxes obfucation, samanya roop seey asambhav key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.)
aspashtata key nuksan.
aspasht code key upayogkartaon koo soochit karna.
kuchh anty-virus software, jaise kii aeye. vee. jee. antivirus, apane upayogkartaon koo taba bhee sachet karenge jaba way ack website parr code key saath utarenge joe manual roop seey aspasht haye, kyonki aspashtata kaa ack uddeshya durbhavanapurna code koo chhipaana hoe sakata haye. haalaanki, kuchh developers file key aakar koo cumm karane yaa suraksha badhaane key uddeshya seey code aspashtata kaa upayog curr sakate hain. ausat upayogkarta apane antivirus software seey code key anyatha haanirahit tukade key baare mein alert pradaan karane kii ummeed naheen curr sakata haye, vishesh roop seey vishvasaniya nigamon seey, isaliye aisee suvidha vaastav mein upayogkartaon koo vaidh software kaa upayog karane seey roque sakati haye.
mozila aur googal apane aid-onn store mein aspasht code vaale brouser extension koo anumati naheen dete hain.
aspashtata aur pratilipi-mukt licenses.
iss baat parr bahas hoe rahee haye kii kyaa srot code koo aspasht roop mein jaari karke copyleft software licenses koo chhodana avaidh haye, jaise kii aise mamalon mein jinamen lekhak srot code upalabdh karaane key liye cumm ichchuk haye. iss mudde koo jee. aine. yuu. samanya saarvajanik licenses mein "sanshodhan karane key liye pasandida prapatra" upalabdh karaane kii aavashyakta key saath sambodhit kiya jaataa haye. jee. aine. yuu. website bataati haye kii "aspasht 'srot code' vaastavik srot code naheen haye aur srot code key roop mein naheen ginaa jaataa haye."
decompillar.
ack decompillar nishpaadan yogya yaa pustakalaya seey riverse-engineer srot code curr sakata haye. vichhedan koo kabhi-kabhi maine-inn-dha-aind (mite) hamla kahaa jaataa haye, joe paaramparik guptalekhaatmak hamale parr adharit hotaa haye jise "maine-inn-dha-middle" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh upayogkarta key haathon mein srot code rakhta haye, halanki iss srot code koo padhana aksar mushkil hotaa haye. srot code mein yaadrichhik kaary aur charr naam, galat charr prakaar honey kii sambhavana haye, aur mool srot code kii tulanaa mein alag tark kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye (sankalak anukoolan key kaaran).
model aspashtata.
model aspashtata ack machine learning model kii aantarik sanrachana koo chhipaane kii takneek haye. aspashtata ack model koo ack black boxes mein badal detee haye. yeh samajhaane yogya aaee key vipareet haye.