
robot kii gati

robot locomotion una vibhinn tarikon kaa saamoohik naam haye jinka upayog robot ack sthaan seey dusare sthaan parr parivahan key liye karate hain.
pahiyon vaale robot aam taur parr kaafee oorjaa kushal aur niyantrit karane mein aasaan hotey hain. haalaanki, gati key anya roop kaee karanon seey adhik upayukt hoe sakate hain, udaaharan key liye ubad-khabad ilaakon koo paar karna, saath hii saath maanav vatavaran mein chalana aur baatchit karna. isake alawa, dwi-pakshiya aur keat jaise roboton kaa adhyayan jaiv-yantriki parr laabhkaari prabhaav daal sakata haye.
iss kshetra mein ack pramukh lakshya roboton key liye swaayatt roop seey yeh taya karane kii kshamata vikasit karna haye kii kaise, kaba aur kahaan jaanaa haye. haalaanki, seedhiyon parr baatchit karane jaise saral mamalon key liye bhee kaee robot jodon kaa samanvaya karna mushkil haye. swaayatt robot gatimanta robotics key kaee kshetron key liye ack pramukh takniki baadha haye, jaise kii humanoid (jaise honda kaa asimo).
gati key prakaar.
chala rhaa haye.
 chalane vaale robot pahiyon vaali gati key pratisthaapan key roop mein maanav yaa pashu chaal kaa anukaran karate hain. pair vaali gati seey asman satahon, seedhiyon aur anya kshetron parr baatchit karna sambhav hoe jaataa haye, jinn taka pahiyon vaale robot key liye pahunchana mushkil hoga, saath hii saath pahiyon vaale robot key roop mein paryavaraniya kshetra koo cumm nuksan hotaa haye, joe ise nasht curr dega.
hexapod robot keat gati parr adharit hain, sabse lokpriya tilchatte aur chhadi keat, jinka tantrika sambandhi aur samvedi utpaadan anya jaanvaron kii tulanaa mein cumm jatil haye. kaee pair kaee alag-alag gati kii anumati dete hain, bhale hii ack pair kshatigrast hoe, jisase unaki gatividhiyon koo vastuon key parivahan mein robot mein adhik upayogi banaata haye.
unnat daudane vaale roboton key udaharanon mein asimo, bigdog, hubo 2, runboat aur toyota partner robot shamil hain.
rolling.
sapaat satahon parr oorjaa dakshata key mamle mein, pahiyon vaale robot sabse kushal hain. aisaa isaliye haye kyonki ack aadarsh ludhakane vaalaa (lekin fisalane vaalaa naheen) pahiya koee oorjaa naheen khota haye. ack diye gaye wegg parr chalane vaale chakr koo apani gati banaae rakhane key liye kissy input kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. yeh pair vaale roboton key vipareet haye joe aidee key prahaar parr jameen key saath prabhaav kaa saamana karate hain aur parinamswarup oorjaa khou dete hain.
saralata key liye adhikansh mobile roboton mein chaar pahiye yaa kaee nirantar track hotey hain. kuchh shodhkartaon ney kewal ack yaa dou pahiyon vaale adhik jatil pahiyon vaale robot banaane kii koshish kii haye. inke kuchh faayade hoe sakate hain jaise kii adhik dakshata aur ghatate purje, saath hii saath ack robot koo seemit sthaanon parr navigate karane kii anumati denaa joe ack chaar pahiyon vaalaa robot naheen curr paayega.
udaaharanonh
bow-boat,
cosmoboat,
elmer,
alysse,
anone,
naayak,
erobot banaaen,
erobot kaa kamra,
johns hopkins janwar,
laind walker,
modulus robot,
moosa,
sarvavyaapi,
pepper,
fobot,
pocketdelta robot,
baat karane vaale kachare key dibbe koo dhakka dein,
aar. bee. 5aiks,
rovio,
seropi,
robot koo hilaao,
soney rollie,
spikey,
tilar,
topo,
tra arana, aur
vakamaru.
koodate hue.
1980 key dashak mein maark reibert dwara aim. aaee. tii. legg prayogshala mein banaae gaye kaee roboton ney safaltapurvak bahut gatishil chalane kaa pradarshan kiya. shuru mein, kewal ack pair aur bahut chhote pair vaalaa ack robot, kewal koodkar seedha reh sakata thaa. yeh andolan pogo chhadi parr baithe vyakti key samaan haye. jaise hii robot ack taraf girata haye, vaha khud koo pakadane key liye usa disha mein thodaa kood jaataa haye. jald hii, algorithm koo dou aur chaar charanon mein saamaanyikrit curr diyaa gayaa. ack dwi-pakshiya robot koo daudate hue aur yahaan taka kii somersault bhee karate hue pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa. ack chauguna bhee pradarshit kiya gayaa joe trott, runn, gati aur bound curr sakata haye.
udaaharanonh
metacronal gati.
ack yatra tarang kii upasthiti vaali samanvit, kramik yaantrik kriya koo ack metacronal lay yaa tarang kahaa jaataa haye, aur ise parivahan key liye ciliates dwara aur gati key liye keede aur arthropods dwara prakriti mein niyojit kiya jaataa haye.
jhoolati haye.
kaee saamp robot safaltapurvak vikasit kiye gaye hain. jiss tarah seey asli saamp chalate hain, usaki nakal karate hue, yeye robot bahut seemit sthaanon parr jaa sakate hain, jiska arth haye kii unakaa upayog ack dinn dhaha gaee imaraton mein fanse logon kii khoj key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. japani acm-aar5 saamp robot bhoomi aur paani donon mein navigate curr sakata haye.
udaaharanonh
saanp-haath robot,
roboboa, aur
snakeboat.
brackiting.
brackiation robot koo jhoolate hue yatra karane kii anumati detaa haye, oorjaa kaa upayog kewal satahon koo pakadane aur chhodane key liye kartaa haye. yeh gati ack bandar key pedh seey pedh parr jhoolane key samaan haye. dou prakaar key brackiation kii tulanaa dwi-pakshiya chalane kii gati (nirantar sampark) yaa daudane (recochattle) seey kii jaa sakati haye. nirantar sampark taba hotaa haye jaba ack haath/pakad tantra hamesha satah koo paar karane key liye judaa hotaa haye; recochattle ack satah/anga seey dusare mein havaai "udaan" key ack charan koo niyojit kartaa haye.
sankar.
robot koo kaee tarikon seey gati pradarshan karane key liye bhee design kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, punarsanyojit dwi-pakshiya sarp robot saamp kii tarah fisal sakata haye aur dwi-pakshiya robot kii tarah chala sakata haye.
javic roop seey prerit gati.
gatishil injan kshamataon vaale robot banaane kii ichcha ney vaigyaanikon koo samadhan key liye prakriti kii or dekhane key liye prerit kiya haye. ack hii mode mein buniyaadi gati mein saksham kaee roboton kaa aavishkaar kiya gayaa haye, lekin inmein kaee kshamataon kii kamee paaee gaee haye, isaliye unake karyon aur anuprayogon koo seemit curr diyaa gayaa haye. khoj aur bachaav mission, yuddh key maidan aur paridrishya jaanch jaise kaee kshetron mein atyadhik buddhiman roboton kii aavashyakta hoti haye. iss prakaar iss prakriti key roboton koo chhota, halka, tej honah chaahiye aur kaee injan mode mein chalane kii kshamata honey chaahiye. jaisa kii yeh pataa chalaa haye, kaee jaanvaron ney kaee roboton key design key liye prerana pradaan kii haye. aise kuchh janwar hainh
terromyni (udane vaali gilhari)
terromyni (udane vaali gilhariyon seey bunny ack janjaati) bhoomi parr uchch degree off friedam (dof) pairon key saath apani chauguni chalane kii kshamata kaa upayog karke bahut gatishilata pradarshit karati haye. havaa mein, udane vaali gilhari apane pairon key beach kii jhilli seey lift balon kaa upayog karke gujarati hain. unake paas ack atyadhik lachili jhilli hoti haye joe pairon kii aniyantrit gati kii anumati detee haye. way havaa mein rahate hue apani atyadhik lochdaar jhilli kaa upayog karate hain aur jameen parr halki gati kaa pradarshan karate hain. isake alawa, terromyni jhilli key kaaran bahu-model gati pradarshan karane mein saksham hain joe aage aur peechhe key pairon koo jodati haye joe unaki gliding kshamata koo bhee badhaati haye. yeh saabit hoe chuka haye kii ack lachili jhilli mein kathor plates kii tulanaa mein uchch lift gunank hotaa haye aur jiss konn parr stall hotaa haye, usa parr hamla karane mein deree hoti haye. udane vaali gilhari mein isaki jhilli, pankhon aur poonchh key kinaaron parr motey bundle bhee hotey hain joe utaar-chadhaav aur anaavashyak oorjaa haani koo cumm karane mein madad karate hain. 
terromyni kaee shaaririk visheshtaon key kaaran apani gliding kshamata koo badhaane mein saksham hain.
lachili maanspeshiyon kii sanrachana kaee uddeshyon koo puuraa karati haye. ack key liye, plagiopatagium, joe udane vaali gilhari key liye lift key praathamik generator key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, apani patali aur lachili maanspeshiyon key kaaran prabhaavi roop seey kaary karane mein saksham haye. plagiopatagium sankuchan aur vistaar key kaaran jhilli parr tanaav koo niyantrit karane mein saksham haye. jhilli key cumm seey cumm uchhalane key kaaran tanaav niyantran antatah oorjaa bachat mein madad curr sakata haye. ack baar jaba gilhari utarati haye, tou yeh apani jhilli koo sikudaati haye taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii jaba vaha chala rahee hoe tou jhilli shithil naa hoe.
propetagium aur europetagium terromyni key liye atirikt lift pradaan karane kaa kaam karate hain. jabaki propetagium udane vaali gilhari key sir aur agra angon key beach sthit hotaa haye, europetagium poonchh aur pichhale angon parr sthit hotaa haye aur yeye udane vaali gilhari koo adhik chapalata aur utarane key liye kheenchane kaa kaam karate hain.
isake alawa, udane vaali gilhari mein jhilli key aakar koo banaae rakhane key liye isaki jhilli key kinaaron parr motee russie jaisi maanspeshiyon kii sanrachana hoti haye. yeye maanspeshiyon kii sanrachanaaen jinhen platisma, tibiocarplis aur semitendinosus kahaa jaataa haye, kramshah propetagium, plagiopatagium aur europetagium parr sthit hain. yeye motee maanspeshiyon kii sanrachanaaen gliding key dauran tej havaa key dabaav key kaaran anaavashyak uchhal-kood seey bachaav kaa kaam karati hain, isaliye oorjaa kii haani koo cumm karati hain.
pankhon kii nokein agrang kalaai parr sthit hoti hain aur ack airfoil banaane key liye kaam karati hain joe pankhon kii noke key bhanwaron key gathan key kaaran prerit khinchaav key prabhaav koo cumm karati haye. pankhon key agra bhanwaron key prabhaav koo cumm karate hain aur prerit khinchaav koo poore pankhon koo prabhaavit karane seey rokte hain. udane vaali gilhari apane angoothe kaa upayog karke gliding karate samay apane pankhon koo failaane aur modane mein saksham hoti hain. yeh pankhon key agrabhag key avaanchhit shithil honey koo rokane kaa kaam kartaa haye.
udane vaali gilhari kii poonchh gliding kshamataon mein sudhaar kii anumati detee haye kyonki yeh ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaati haye. anya kasheruki jeevon key vipareet, terromyni mein ack poonchh hoti haye joe adhik vaayugatikiya satah praapt karane key liye chapti hoti haye kyonki way udate hain. yeh udane vaali gilhari koo apani poonchh kii pitch konn sthirata banaae rakhane kii bhee anumati detaa haye. yeh utarane key dauran vishesh roop seey upayogi haye kyonki udane vaali gilhari apane pitch konn koo chauda karane aur adhik khinchaav koo prerit karane mein saksham haye taaki gati dheemi hoe aur surakshit roop seey utar sakey.
isake alawa, terromyni key pair aur poonchh unaki gliding disha koo niyantrit karane kaa kaam karate hain. pairon key chaaron or jhilli key lachilepan key kaaran, shareer key jhilli aur coronal tala key beach cord konn aur dihedral konn niyantrit hotaa haye. yeh janwar koo ludhakane, pitching aur jamhai dene kii gati banaane kii anumati detaa haye joe badale mein gliding kii gati aur disha koo niyantrit kartaa haye. utarane key dauran, janwar apani jhilli kaa upayog karke apane khinchaav koo badhaakar aur apane pitch konn koo badalkar aur apane pairon kii jhilli key beach tanaav koo dheela karke vayu pratirodh koo aur badhaa curr apani gati koo teji seey cumm karane mein saksham haye.
desmodus rotundus (pishach chamgaadad)
aam pishach chamgaadadon mein sthaliya gati key shaktishali tareeke hotey hain, jaise kii koodana, aur gliding jaise havaai gati. kaee adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii chamgaadad kii aakriti vigyaan ise donon injan mode key beach aasaani seey aur prabhaavi dhang seey vaikalpik karane mein saksham banaati haye. isamen sahaayata karane vaali shareer rachana anivarya roop seey chamgaadad key shareer kii sabse badee manspeshi, "pectoralis profunds" (pashch vibhajan) key aspas banaai jaati haye. dou prakaar kii gati key beach, teen haddiyaan saajha kii jaati hain. yeye teen mukhya haddiyaan bhuja sanrachana key abhinn anga hain, arthaat hemorous, alna aur trijya. choonki donon mode key liye ghatakon kaa sajhakaran pahale seey maujood haye, isaliye koodane seey gliding mein sankraman karate samay kissy atirikt maanspeshiyon kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. 
chamgaadad key kandhe kii aakriti vigyaan key ack vistrit adhyayan seey pataa chalata haye kii bhuja kii haddiyaan thodi majboot hoti hain aur alna aur trijya koo jodaa gayaa haye taaki jameen seey bhaari pratikriya balon koo samaayojit kiya jaa sakey.
shistoserka gregaria (registani tiddy dall)
registani tiddy dall lambi doori taka koodane aur udane key saath-saath bhoomi parr rengane kii kshamata key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. iss jeev key shareer rachana vigyaan kaa ack vistrit adhyayan gati key tantra key baare mein kuchh vivaran pradaan kartaa haye. tiddy dall key pichhale pair koodane key liye vikasit kiye jaate hain. unamen ack ardh-chandra prakriya hoti haye jisamen badee vistaarak tibia manspeshi, chhoti flexer tibia manspeshi aur kele key aakar kii motee chhalli hoti haye. jaba tibia kii maanspeshiyaan jhukati hain, tou maanspeshiyon kaa yaantrik laabh aur pair key vistaar key urdhvaadhar jore ghatak mein vriddhi hoti haye. yeye registani tiddiyaan ack gulel tantra kaa upayog karati hain jisamen oorjaa pahale pichhale pairon mein sangraheet kii jaati haye aur phir pairon koo badhaane key liye chhodi jaati haye.
ack sahee kood honey key liye, tiddy dall koo apane pairon koo paryaapt bull key saath jameen parr dhakelana chaahiye taaki teji seey udaan shuru kii jaa sakey. twarit udaan aur achchi kood kii oonchaai praapt karane key liye bull paryaapt honah chaahiye. bull bhee jaldi utpann kiya jaanaa chaahiye. kood mode seey udaan mode mein prabhaavi roop seey sankraman karane key liye, keat koo kood kii doori aur oonchaai koo adhikatam karane key liye pankh kholane key dauran samay koo samaayojit karna chaahiye. jaba yeh apani kood key charam parr hotaa haye, tou udaan mode sakriya hoe jaataa haye.
jaiv-prerana parr adharit bahu-model robot gati.
terromyni (udane vaali gilhari) key baad ack bahu-model chalane aur gliding robot kaa modeling
nakal karane key liye aavashyak model kii khoj key baad, shodhkartaon ney ack pair vaale robot koo design karane kii maang kii joe ack lachili jhilli key upayog seey havaai aur sthaliya vatavaran mein prabhaavi gati praapt karane mein saksham thaa. iss prakaar, iss lakshya koo praapt karane key liye, nimnalikhit design vichaaron koo dhyaan mein rakhaa jaanaa chaahieh
1.       jhilli key aakar aur kshetra kaa chayan sachet roop seey kiya jaanaa thaa taaki iss jhilli kii ichchit vaayugatiki kshamataon koo praapt kiya jaa sakey. isake alawa, jhilli kaa design pairon key design koo prabhaavit karega kyonki jhilli pairon seey judee hoti haye.
2.       jhilli koo itna lachila honah chaahiye kii gliding aur chalane key dauran pairon kii aniyantrit gati kii anumati dee jaa sakey. haalaanki, lachilepan kii matra koo iss tathya key kaaran niyantrit karna padaa kii atyadhik lachilepan seey jhilli key una kshetron mein dolan key kaaran oorjaa kaa mahatvapurna nuksan hoe sakata haye jahaan majboot dabaav hotaa haye.
3.       robot key pair koo chalane key saath-saath gliding key liye upayukt tork kii anumati dene key liye design kiya jaanaa thaa.
inn karakon koo shamil karane key liye, udane vaali gilhari kii visheshtaon parr puuraa dhyaan denaa padata thaa. robot kii vaayugatikiya visheshtaon koo gatishil modeling aur anukaran kaa upayog karke model kiya gayaa thaa. udane vaali gilhari kii jhilli key motey maanspeshiyon key bundle kii nakal karke, designer robot key jhilli key kinaaron parr utaar-chadhaav aur dolan koo cumm karane mein saksham they, iss prakaar anaavashyak oorjaa haani koo cumm kiya. isake alawa, vaapas lene yogya pankhon key upayog seey robot key pankh parr khinchaav kii matra cumm hoe gaee thee jisase gliding kshamataon mein sudhaar huaa thaa. isake alawa, aabhaasi kaary vishleshan kaa upayog karke peteromini key pair kii shareer rachana kii nakal karane key baad robot key pair koo paryaapt tork koo shamil karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa.
robot key pair aur jhilli key design key baad, iska ausat gliding anupaat (jee. aar.) 1.88 nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. robot ney prabhaavi dhang seey kaam kiya, kaee chaal pattern mein chalaa aur apane oonche doff pairon key saath rengta rhaa. robot bhee surakshit roop seey utarane mein saksham thaa. inn pradarshanon ney robot kii gliding aur chalane kii kshamataon aur isaki bahu-model gati kaa pradarshan kiya
desmodus rotundus (pishach chamgaadad) key baad ack bahu-model kood aur gliding robot kaa pratiroopan
multy-moe bait naamak robot key design mein sanchaalan key chaar praathamik charanon kii sthaapana shamil theeh oorjaa bhandaran charan, kood charan, tatvarti charan aur gliding charan. oorjaa bhandaran charan mein anivarya roop seey koodane vaali oorjaa key liye oorjaa kaa aarakshan shamil haye. yeh oorjaa mukhya bijli key jharanon mein sangraheet hoti haye. yeh prakriya atirikt roop seey kandhon key jodd key chaaron or ack toqa banaati haye joe badale mein pairon koo koodane key liye configure karati haye. ack baar sangraheet oorjaa key nikalane key baad, kood charan shuru kiya jaa sakata haye. jaba kood charan shuru kiya jaataa haye aur robot jameen seey udaan bharata haye, tou yeh tata charan mein parivartit hoe jaataa haye joe taba taka hotaa haye jaba taka kii acm taka naheen pahunch jaataa haye aur yeh neeche utarana shuru hoe jaataa haye. jaise-jaise robot utarata haye, dragg usa gati koo cumm karane mein madad kartaa haye jiss parr yeh utarata haye kyonki airfoil key neeche badhe hue dragg key kaaran pankh koo phir seey configure kiya jaataa haye. iss star parr, robot neeche girata haye.
pishach chamgaadad kii bhuja kii shareer rachana yantra key pair key design mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaati haye. degree off friedam (dee. oh. aff. aiss.) kii sankhya koo cumm karane key liye, bhuja key dou ghatakon koo xz tala parr pratibimbit kiya jaataa haye. yeh taba robot key pair kii sanrachana kaa chaar-baar design banaata haye jisake parinamswarup kewal dou swatantra dof hotey hain.
systoserca gregaria (registani tiddy dall) key baad ack bahu-model kood aur udane vaale robot kaa pratiroopan
design kiya gayaa robot ack ekal dc motor dwara sanchaalit thaa joe koodane aur fadfadane key pradarshan koo ekikrit kartaa thaa. ise pairon key nirmaan key liye ulte slider-crank tantra, winching key liye tantra key roop mein kaam karane key liye ack kutte-clutch pranali aur flapping-wing pranali key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale ack rack-pinion tantra key samavesh key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa. iss design mein ack bahut hii kushal oorjaa bhandaran aur release tantra aur ack ekikrit wing flapping tantra shamil thaa.
tiddy dall key samaan visheshtaon vaalaa ack robot vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. robot key design kii praathamik visheshta ack ekal motor dwara sanchaalit ack gear system thee jisane robot koo apani kood aur fadfadane kii gati karane kii anumati dee. tiddy dall kii gati kii tarah, robot kii gati pairon koo adhikatam oorjaa bhandaran kii sthiti mein modane seey shuru hoti haye, jisake baad udaan praapt karane key liye aavashyak bull utpann karane key liye oorjaa turant jaari kii jaati haye.
pradarshan key liye robot kaa pareekshan kiya gayaa aur parinamon seey pataa chalaa kii robot 23 graam vajan key saath lagbhag 0.9 meater kii oonchaai taka koodane mein saksham thaa aur lagbhag 19 heartz kii aavritti parr apane pankhon koo fadfadaataa thaa. binaa pankh koo fadfadane key pareekshan kiye gaye robot ney cumm prabhaavshaali pradarshan kiya, joe pankhon vaale robot kii tulanaa mein koodane key pradarshan mein lagbhag 30 pratishat kii kamee darshaata haye. yeye parinam kaafee prabhaavshaali hain kyonki yeh ummeed kii jaati haye kii isake vipareet mamla hoga kyonki pankhon key vajan ney kood koo prabhaavit kiya honah chaahiye thaa.