
abrus precatorius

abrus precatorius, jise aamtaur parr jacquirity bean yaa rosari mutter key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, bean parivaar fabacy mein ack jadee-bootiyon vaalaa phool vaalaa paudha haye. yeh ack patali, barahmasi parvatarohi haye jisamen lambi, bareek pattiyaan hoti hain joe pedon, jhaadiyon aur baadon key chaaron or judvaan hoti hain.
yeh paudha apane beejon key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, joe motiyon aur taal vaadyayantron mein upayog kiye jaate hain, aur joe abreen kii upasthiti key kaaran vishaakt hotey hain. ack hii beej kaa sevan, achchi tarah seey chabaaya gayaa, vayaskon aur bachchon donon key liye ghaatak hoe sakata haye. yeh paudha asia aur australia kaa mool nivasi haye. jahan ise pesh kiya gayaa haye, vahaan yeh kharpatwar aur aakramak honey kii pravritti rakhta haye.
naam.
"abrus precatorius" koo aamtaur parr jacquirity, kekade kii aankh, yaa rosari mutter, paternauster mutter, lava mutter, prepatory mutter yaa bean, prarthana beed, johnn kauve beed, coral beed, redd-beed bell, country licoris, indian licoris, jangli licoris, jamaika jangli licoris, olinda (srilanka/sinhala mein), gundumani/kundumani (bhaarat/tamil mein), kunnikuru (concore) (bhaarat/malayalam mein), ack gaatha, condreamony, jiddy, jumby, retty/retty, goja/ganaja/ganaja/vedar plant key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
paaristhitiki aur aakramansheelta.
"abrus precatorius" ushnakatibandhiya kshetron mein germ samshitoshna mein ack gambhir roop seey aakramak paudha haye, itna kii yeh vitaran mein prabhaavi roop seey ushnakatibandhiya hoe gayaa haye. ise vyaapak roop seey manushyon dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa, aur chamkile rung key aur kathor-kavach vaale beej pakshiyon dwara faile hue they. beesavin shatabdi key anta taka, ise bellies, carribean dweepon, havaai, polynesia aur mukhya bhoomi sanyukt raajya key kuchh hisson sahit kaee kshetron mein ack aakramak kharpatwar key roop mein ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. vishesh roop seey florida mein, paudhe ney asurakshit pine chattanon sahit binaa kissy gadbadi key pinland aur jhoole parr aakraman kiya haye.
ack baar jaba "abrus precatorius" paudhe anukool paristhitiyon mein paripakva hoe jaate hain, tou unaki gahari jadon koo nikaalana behad mushkil hotaa haye, aur paudhon kii aakramak vriddhi, kathor-kavach vaale beej aur choosane kii kshamata, ack sankraman koo samaapt karna behad mushkil banaa detee haye aur ise phir seey sankraman koo rokane key liye bahut mushkil banaa detee haye. glyphosat jaise jadee-bootiyaan prabhaavi hain, lekin yadi unhein achche seey adhik nuksan naheen karna haye tou unhein kushal anuprayog kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
vishaakt padaarth.
vishaakt padaarth abrin ack diamer haye jisamen dou protein upa-ikaaiyaan hoti hain, jinhen aeye aur bee kahaa jaataa haye. bee shrinkhala koshika jhilli parr kuchh parivahan proteins key saath bandhan dwara ack koshika mein abrin key pravesh kii suvidha pradaan karati haye, joe phir vish koo koshika mein leey jaati haye. ack baar koshika key ander, ack shrinkhala ribosome key 28s rna koo nishkriya karke protein sanshleshan koo rokti haye. abrin kaa ack anu prati sekand 1,500 ribosome taka koo nishkriya curr dega.
lakshan rickin key samaan hotey hain, sivaay abrene key, lagbhag dou matra key aadeshon seey adhik vishaakt hotaa haye; abrene kii ghaatak khuraak lagbhag 1/75 haye joe rickin kii ghaatak khuraak kii hoti haye (halanki sevan kiye gaye beejon mein abrene koo "rickinus communis" mein rickin kii tulanaa mein bahut dheere-dheere avashoshit kiya jaa sakata haye, bhale hii beej chabaaya jaae aur coat mein pravesh kiya jaae, jisase cumm seey cumm kuchh mamalon mein safal bachaav prayason key liye samay mill sakey.) abrin mein choohon mein kewal 0.56 microgram/kilogram hotaa haye, aur kingsbury manushyon mein 0.00015% shareer key vajan parr ack vishaakt khuraak koo soochibaddh kartaa haye, yaa 150 pound maanav key liye lagbhag 0.1 milligram. akshunna beej key sevan key parinamswarup koee naidaanik nishkarsh naheen mill sakata haye, kyonki way apane kathor khol key kaaran gastroentestinal tract key madhyam seey apchayi hoe sakate hain.
yeh paudha ghodon key liye bhee jaharila haye.
vishaaktata key lakshnon mein matali, ulti, ainthan, yakrit kii viphalata aur mrityu shamil hain, aamtaur parr kaee dinon key baad.
upayog karein.
gahane.
abrus precatorius" key beej apane chamkile rung key liye deshi gahane mein bahut moolyavaan hain. adhikansh same kaale aur laal hotey hain, joe ack ladybug kii yaad dilaate hain, halanki anya rung maujood hain. jacquirity key beejon seey gahane banaana kuchh hudd taka khatarnak honey kii afwah haye. lagaatar aisee khabaren hain kii joe shramik unhein dhaage mein baandhane key liye beejon koo chhedate hain, way jahar yaa pinprick seey mrityu bhee jhel sakate hain, lekin isake bahut cumm saboot hain. ack online khoj mein "abrus precatorius" kaa ullekh karate hue 265 vaigyaanik patra mille, lekin unamen seey ack bhee vyaavsaayik vishaaktata seey sambandhit naheen thaa.
trinidad mein paschim indies mein chamkile rung key beejon koo kangan mein bandha jaataa haye aur kalaai yaa takhane key chaaron or jumby yaa dusht aatmaon aur "maal-yaks"-buri aankh koo door karane key liye pahana jaataa haye. tamil loga vibhinn rangon key "abrus" beejon kaa upayog karate hain. kaali aankho vaali laal kism sabse aam haye, lekin kaali, safed aur hurry kismein bhee hain.
disambar 2011 mein eeden pariyojana aur britten mein anya dukaanon dwara beche gaye jacquirity beans kaa upayog karke banaae gaye kangan key liye ack ricaul jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
maap kii ikai.
abrus precatorius" key beej vajan mein bahut susangat hotey hain, yahaan taka kii paani-abhedya beej-coat key kaaran vibhinn namee kii sthitiyon mein bhee. poorv bhaaratiya inn beejon kaa upayog soney kaa vajan karane key liye "ratti" naamak maap kaa upayog karate they, jahan 8 ratti = 1 maashaa; 12 maashaa = 1 tolaa (11.6 graam).
ack hathiyar key roop mein.
1898 key raajaa key americi aushadhaalay key anusaar,
abrus key beej way agent hain jinake dwara bhaarat kii chamaar yaa "deshi charmarakshi" jaati maveshiyon koo unaki khaal koo surakshit karane key uddeshya seey gambhir jahar detee haye. yeh chhoti spikes key madhyam seey kiya jaataa haye, jise "suee" (sui) yaa "sutari" (avals) kahaa jaataa haye, joe paani seey bhigoye hue, choornit beejon key ack patale pest mein awal koo bhigokar taiyar kiya jaataa haye, aur phir hathiyar koo dhoop mein sukhaaya jaataa haye, jisake baad ise tail seey bharaa jaataa haye aur patthar parr tej kiya jaataa haye, ack handle mein chipkaya jaataa haye, aur phir janwar kii twacha koo puncher karane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye.
1881 mein british kabje vaale bangal key liye jilaa pulis adheekshak dwara kiye gaye kaary mein maveshiyon kii hatyaa aur cumm seey cumm chhah hatyaa key mamalon mein "supari" kii taiyari aur upayog kaa vivaran diyaa gayaa thaa. ack mool nivasi ney apani gawahi key badale mein ack saathi graameen key bail koo jahar dene key liye cumm sajaa kaa vaadaa kiya, takneek kaa pradarshan kiya. pahale laal yaa safed beejon key baahari gole pattharon key beach toot gaye, phir tees yaa chaalees beejon key bheetar seey dou kotiledan koo duss minut key liye paani mein bhigo diyaa gayaa. inn beejon koo ack pest mein pees diyaa gayaa aur chhah nukile ack inch key shanku mein ludhakaaya gayaa, jinhen pual key teen tukadon key donon chhoron mein daala gayaa aur sookhane key liye "soorya key madhyam prabhaav key sampark mein" rakhaa gayaa, jisake baad unhone beej kii kuchh mool kathorta koo phir seey praapt curr liya. iss khaate mein, sootari koo inn shanku key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, joe poori tarah seey kathor beej pest seey baney they. sookhe shankuon kii teekshnata key liye jaanch kii gaee thee, aur yadi aavashyak hoe tou, ack eent key saath aur phir seey sett kiya gayaa thaa. anta mein, komalata koo rokane key liye, unhein kissy prakaar key pashu tail mein ack raat key liye dafnakar jalrodhak banaaya gayaa."pareekshan key liye, jise ack pramukh ramse ney ack gupt hatyaa kii tarah karane key liye kahaa, kaidi ney dou sootariyon koo ack 1.5-inch lakadi key handle mein rakhaa, joe unhein lakadi mein sockett key oopar faile ack raag mein dabaakar haath mein rakhaa jaanaa thaa. ack bhatakata huaa "brahmin bail" kharida gayaa, aur kaidi sootari koo ack disha mein neeche aur doosari disha mein leey aaya, taaki seeng key peechhe janwar key maans key ander shanku toot sakein, phir tooty hui chhor parr twacha koo dabaa diyaa jaae, jisase chot kaa koee spasht nishan naheen bachaa hoe. iss prakriya koo janwar kii jeebh key aadhar parr dou aur shanku key saath dohraya gayaa thaa. 34. 5 ghante key baad bail kii mrityu hoe gaee, jisase sootari kaa koee drishya nishan naheen bachaa, lekin ghaav sthal parr thodi matra mein mavaad bachaa, jisaki soojan jyaadaatar mrityu key samay taka cumm hoe gaee thee.
1890 kaa "pharmacographia indica" uparokt kaary key aadhar parr ack vivaran detaa haye, jisamen sutaris yaa suis kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye (shabd jile key aadhar parr samkaksh hain, jisamen poorv vastu kii vastu key bindu key samaan haye). yeh sutaariyon koo 3/4 inch lamba aur 1.5 seey 2 anaaj key vajan key roop mein varnit kartaa haye, joe gandey safed seey kaale rung mein bhinn hotaa haye, aur handle koo 3 seey 3.5 inch lamba aur aksar baans kii lakadi key dou jodon seey banaaya jaataa haye, jisamen 1/4 seey 3/8 inch gahare saaket hotey hain aur atirikt sutaariyon key bhandaran key liye ack chhor parr guha ujagar hoti haye. hathiyar kabhi-kabhi paani key bajaay "calotropis gigantia" key doodh key russ seey banaae jaate they, jise prabhaav koo tej karane key liye kahaa jaataa thaa, aur kabhi-kabhi dhaatu paaraa, dhatura, aconite aur/yaa arsenic key saath poorak kiya jaataa thaa. yeh jodaa gayaa haye kii "chot key tukadon koo baahar kheenchkar supari koo vaapas lene kaa koee bhee prayaas, hamesha ise toda detaa haye, ghaav mein ack hissa chhod diyaa jaataa haye."ack aadami kii hatyaa ack jodee sutaariyon key saath ack hii prahaar seey teen dinon key baad hoe gaee; doosara, jisase samagri safaltapurvak nikali gaee thee, teen dinn baad dhanurvaat seey marr gayaa. inn hatyaon mein seey ack kii keemat kull 16.5 rupaye bataai gaee thee; hatyaron koo jeevan bhar key liye parivahan dwara dandit kiya gayaa thaa.
paaramparik chikitsa mein.
"kannad mein "gulaganji", tamil mein "kundu mani", telugu mein "guruvinda jinja" aur malayalam mein "kunni kuru" naamak "abrus precatorius" kaa upayog sadiyon seey siddh chikitsa mein kiya jaataa rhaa haye. safed kism kaa upayog tail taiyar karane key liye kiya jaataa haye jise kamoddipak honey kaa daavaa kiya jaataa haye. pattiyon seey chaay banaai jaati haye aur iska upayog bukhaar, khansi aur sardi key liye kiya jaataa haye. beej jaharile hotey hain aur isaliye garmi upchaar key baad hii inca sevan kiya jaataa haye. tamil siddhar paudhon mein vishaakt prabhaavon key baare mein jaanate they aur vibhinn tarikon kaa sujhaav dete they jinhen "suthi sethal" yaa shuddhikaran kahaa jaataa haye. yeh doodh mein beejon koo ubalkar aur phir unhein sukhaakar kiya jaataa haye. arandi key tail kii tarah, protein vish koo taba vikrit kiya jaataa haye jaba uchch tapman key adheen kiya jaataa haye jisase yeh nirdosh hoe jaataa haye.
1889 kii pustak 'dha upayogi deshi paudhe australia' mein likhaa haye kii "iss paudhe kii jadon kaa upayog bhaarat mein sharaab key vikalp key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, halanki way kuchh hudd taka kadve hotey hain. jaava mein jadon koo avikasit maanaa jaataa haye. jaba pattiyon koo shahad key saath milaaya jaataa haye, tou soojan parr lagaaya jaataa haye, aur jamack mein chaay key vikalp key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye. jacquirity" key naam seey beejon koo haal hii mein netra roga key mamalon mein niyojit kiya gayaa haye, jiska upayog way lambe samay seey bhaarat aur brazil mein kiya jaataa rhaa haye."
iss paudhe kaa upayog ayurved mein bhee kiya jaataa haye aur kahaa jaataa haye kii yeh baalon key vikas koo badhaava detaa haye. iska upayog kabhi-kabhi bhaaratiya baal utpaadon mein ack ghatak key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
ark kaa prayogshala adhyayan.
krintakon mein vibhinn prakaar key aushadhiya prabhaav dekhe gaye hain, lekin manushyon mein naidaanik roop seey pradarshit naheen kiye gaye hain, jinamen shamil hainh
saanskritik mahatva.
rajsthan, bhaarat mein, chirmi geet iss paudhe seey judaa huaa haye. iss baat key bhee pramaan hain kii iss paudhe kaa paaramparik zulu logon key liye mahatvapurna aarthik moolya haye, iss tathya key kaaran kii yeh zulu logon key liye aaya kaa ack roop haye joe iss paudhe key beejon seey baney shilp banaate aur bechate hain.
taang rajvansh key dauran, wang wei ney "ack-dill" ("xiāng sī"/<unk>) sheershak seey ack kavita likhi, joe sabse adhik sambhavana haye kii "abrus precatorius" koo "laal bean" ("hong doo"/<unk>) key roop mein sandarbhit karati haye.
bhaarat key mathura mein vishnu aur krishna devta paudhe key beejon seey judey hue hain. bhagwan krishna koo kabhi-kabhi maalaa (maalaa) parr beej pahane hue chitrit kiya jaataa haye.