
samagana

saam swaron seey rigved key bhajanon mein shabdon kii rachana haye. rigved key bhajan "samgana" kaa aadhar banaate hain. samgana kewal veda key bhajanon koo gaane key liye diyaa gayaa naam naheen haye, balki yeh vichaar, dhwani aur sangeet koo ekjut karane key darshan aur vigyaan kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. samgana samved key nirmaan kaa uddeshya haye.
samved.
saam kewal rigved seey bhajanon kaa gaayan haye naa kii anya vedon seey. "richi adhyudham samaa" (chhandog upanishad 1.6.1). isaliye saam rigved key bhajanon mein shabdon kii rachana haye. rigved key richaa-yaa bhajanon koo yoni yaa aadhaa kahaa jaataa haye kyonki way samgan kaa aadhar banaate hain. sangeet kii bhasha mein samved ney rigved seey maatu (shabd) liye hain aur inn shabdon koo dhaatu (swar) pradaan kiya haye. (bhaaratiya sangeet kaa itihas. dow. thakur jaydev sinh. kalkutaah sangeet anusandhaan akadami, 1994, pri. 35-72)
samved key ansh.
archika.archics mein kewal kuchh hii bhajan samved sanhita mein rigved seey liye gaye richaa-parr adharit naheen they. rigved parr adharit thoke koo archika key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. isake dou bhaag hain.
garibacharika. purwar 585 dhanee 6 prapaatak mein upa-samoohit hain. pratyek prapathak mein dou ardh hotey hain. pratyek ardh mein 10 dashati-aiss hotey hain. duss key sangrah (yahaan, bhajan) koo dashati kahaa jaataa haye.
uttarchika. uttar mein isamen 1225 richaa-9 prapaata-mein nihit hain, pahale paanch mein dou ardh-pratyek aur shesh chaar mein teen ardh-pratyek hain.
aaranyak sanhita. arnack samahita yeh kewal chhandon kaa ack sangrah haye jise gaaya jaa sakata haye.
saam kii shaakhaaen.
patanjali kaa kathan, "sahasravartama samvaad" sahasravartam samvaadah yeh atkalon koo janm detaa haye kii saam kii ack hazaar shaakhaaen theen, jabaki unhone kavyatmak roop seey sanket diyaa kii ack hazaar tareeke hoe sakate hain jinamen saam gaaya jaa sakata haye. saamtarpan' mein adhikatam 13 aacharya hain lekin aaj kewal teen shaakhaaen hain.
1. raa n#aneeya raani
2. kauthumeya kauthumeya
3. jaminia jaimini
archika aur gaan-granth kaa sambandh.
archika granth (granth) mein aise bhajan hotey hain joe yoni yaa gaan yaa gaayan key liye aadhar hotey hain. upayukt roop seey sanshodhit ritch-aiss key sangrah koo gaan-granth key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeye sachche saam hain.
garibvarg key dhanee logon parr banaae gaye saam koo graam-gaan, graamgan graam-gaan, gramgayan prakriti-gaan yaa veyaa-gaan vegan kahaa jaataa haye.
aaranyak sanhita key dhanee parr banaae gaye saam koo aarany-gaan aranyan yaa aranyageya-gaan aranyan kahaa jaataa haye.
uttarcharik key dhanee parr banaae gaye saam koo oohaa-gaan key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.aage badhein
sanskrit mool ooh kaa arth haye 'aavashyakta key anusaar sanshodhit karna'. (panchvimshbrahmin kii prastaavana mein calland)
gaanon kaa anuprayog.
gramo-gaanah gaanvon yaa kasbon mein gaaya jaataa haye.
aranya-gaanah vann key ekant mein abhyaas kiya jaataa haye. ise rasyageyo-gaan bhee kahaa jaataa haye.
oh-gaanah pragatha-vishesh roop seey vyaakaran-gaan key aadhar parr yagya key liye banaai gaee haye.
ohya-gaan-gaanah ragasyageyo-gaan key aadhar parr yagya key liye pragath-banaaya gayaa.
vibhinn shaakhaon key liye jimmedaar geeton kii sankhya mein antar haye. shree satwalekar ney samved sanhita kii prastaavana mein geeton kii nimnalikhit talika dee haye.
graam yaa samved kaa paimana.
hindustan key sangeet mein lomdi kaa kahana haye, "swar taraju kii kalpana neeche kii or kii jaati haye. way iss tarah seey kalpana kii jaati hain, kyonki isake oopari register mein aavaaz key kahane vaale notes, aur yeh khud koo prastut kartaa haye, isaliye ack mukhar paimaane key liye praarambhik bindu key roop mein."saam-vidhaan brahmin parr saayan #-bhashya (aalochana) yeh sthaapit kartaa haye kii saam kaa nott nidan prakriti (ghatati prakriti) kaa thaa aur ack avrohi crum kaa paalan kartaa thaa.
saam kaa swar.
narad shiksha mein saat swar hain-pratham, dwiteeya, tritiya, chaturth, mandra, krishth aur atishwar. yeh ingit kartaa haye kii shuru mein kewal teen yaa chaar noton kaa upayog samgana key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
archika geet kewal ack swar key aadhar parr gaaye jaate they, jaise.jee. saa saa saa, yaa nee nee. iss tarah kaa jup hawan, mantra-paath aur jup key liye upayukt thaa.
gaathik geet devtaon kii stuti mein bhajan they aur dou swaron kaa upayog karate they, jaise.jee. nee nee, saa saa saa.
pahali baar saami geeton mein teen swaron kaa upayog kiya gayaa. saamik shabd kaa arth teen swaron key roop mein liya jaataa haye. geet gaa gaa ray saa saa saa kii tarah they.
inn teen buniyaadi swaron key alawa, gayakon koo ack chautha swar milaa jise way swarantara kahate they. jaba unhone sabse cumm gyaat nott seey cumm kaa nott khoja tou unhone ise mandra kahaa. jaba mandra seey bhee cumm nott paaya gayaa tou way ise atiswara kahate they. sanskrit mool key baad ack uchch swar koo krishna kahaa jaataa thaa. tou avrohi crum mein poorna saamik saptak mein shamil hainh
saamik swaron koo sanrakshit karane key liye, raag sameshwari kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. dow. lalmani misra ney pahale aim. jee. aar. aiss. dee. aine. pee. key swaron kaa anuvaad shadza graam-aiss. dee. pee. jee. aim. aar. mein kiya aur phir ack raag banaaya joe shaam koo prastut kiya jaataa haye.
shruti jaati.
shruti-jaati koo usa tareeke key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye jisamen ack vishesh nott koo geet koo aakarshak banaane key liye lagu kiya jaa sakata haye. teen shruti-jaati-key liye alag-alag sanketon key saath paanch hain.
rishiyon.
rigved mein rishi ack "rika" kaa lekhak haye, ack bhajan mantra, joe maukhik parampara aur pratyaksh antardrishti seey praapt hotaa haye, naa kii tark yaa buddhi seey. rishi shabd koo "rishati gyaan sansar-param" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye jiska arth haye vaha joe gyaan key madhyam seey saansaarik duniya seey parey jaataa haye. isake alawa, kuchh vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii mool 'drish' (drishti) ney mool 'rish' koo janm diyaa hoga jiska arth haye 'dekhana'.
shree arvindo ney shruti koo rishiyon dwara sunee gaee "satya kii brahmandiya dhwaniyon kii divya recording" key roop mein varnit kiya. iss prakaar veda shruti hain, joe shaastron mein prakat hain.
rigved mein 10,552 bhajan hain; lagbhag duss mantron mein seey pratyek koo 1,028 shlokon mein samoohikrit kiya gayaa haye, joe duss mandal (pustaken) mein faila huaa haye. mandal alag-alag aakar key hotey hain. inn mantra geeton koo lagbhag 400 rishiyon ney likhaa haye, jinamen seey lagbhag 30 mahilaaen theen.
kuchh granth jinhen anukramani (jise anukramani bhee kahaa jaataa haye) rigved key soochkaank key roop mein kaary karate hain aur rigved key pratyek bhajan key baare mein jaankaari pradaan karate hain. aukramaani mein seey sabse prasiddh katyayan kii sarvanukramani haye aur yeh doosari shatabdi key aspas kii haye.