samajik pramaan

samajik pramaan ack manovaigyaanik aur samajik ghatana haye jisamen loga kissy dee gaee sthiti mein vyavhaar karane kaa tarika chunane mein dusaron key karyon kii nakal karate hain. yeh shabd robbert sialdini dwara apani 1984 kii pustak 'mein gadhaa gayaa thaa, aur iss avadharana koo soochanaatmak samajik prabhaav key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
samajik pramaan koo aspasht samajik sthitiyon mein pramukh maanaa jaataa haye jahaan loga uchit "vyavhaar key tareeke" koo nirdhaarit karane mein asamarth hotey hain, aur yeh iss dhaarana seey prerit hotaa haye kii aspas key logon koo vartamaan sthiti key baare mein adhik gyaan haye.
samajik prabhaav key prabhaav badey samoohon kii anuroop honey kii pravritti mein dekhe jaa sakate hain. ise kuchh prakashanon mein "jhund vyavhaar" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye. haalaanki samajik pramaan dusaron key paas maujood jaankaari koo dhyaan mein rakhane key liye ack tarksangat uddeshya koo darshaata haye, aupchaarik vishleshan seey pataa chalata haye kii yeh logon koo ack alag vikalp parr bahut jaldi ikattha karane kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, taaki vyaktiyon key badey samoohon key nirnay bahut cumm jaankaari mein adharit hoe sakein (jaankaari cascade dekhein).
samajik pramaan ack prakaar kii anuroopata haye. jaba koee vyakti aisee sthiti mein hotaa haye jahan vaha vyavhaar karane key sahee tareeke key baare mein anishchit hotaa haye, tou way aksar sahee vyavhaar key baare mein surag key liye dusaron kii or dekhenge. jaba humm "humm maanate hain kii dusaron kii aspasht sthiti kii vyakhya hamari tulanaa mein adhik sateek haye aur hamein kaarravaai kaa ack upayukt maarg chunane mein madad karegi", tou yeh soochanaatmak samajik prabhaav haye. yeh maanak samajik prabhaav key vipareet haye jisamen ack vyakti dusaron dwara pasand yaa sweekaar kiye jaane key anuroop hotaa haye.
samajik pramaan aksar naa kewal saarvajanik anupaalan (saarvajanik roop seey dusaron key vyavhaar key anuroop honah, yeh aavashyak roop seey sahee haye yeh vishvaas kiye binaa) balki niji sweekriti (ack vaastavik vishvaas key anuroop kii anya sahee hain) kii or leey jaataa haye.
samajik pramaan adhik shaktishali hotaa haye jaba sateek honah adhik mahatvapurna hotaa haye aur jaba dusaron koo vishesh roop seey jaankaar maanaa jaataa haye.
tantra.
sahee nishkarsh key baare mein anishchitata.
anishchitata ack pramukh kaarak haye joe samajik pramaan key upayog koo protsaahit kartaa haye. ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii jaba kissy utpaad kaa mulyankan kiya jaataa haye, tou upabhokta samajik pramaan key upayog key madhyam seey dusaron kii raay koo shamil karane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain, jaba utpaad key saath unake apane anubhav aspasht they, jisase unhein sahee nishkarsh nikaalane key baare mein anishchitata reh jaati haye.
aspas key samooh key saath samaantaa.
samaantaa samajik pramaan key upayog koo bhee prerit karati haye; jaba koee vyakti khud koo apane aspas key logon key samaan samajhata haye, tou way inn logon key dekhe gaye vyavhaar koo sahee tareeke seey apanaane aur samajhane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain. yeh una kshetron mein dekhaa gayaa haye jaise kii hansee key track kaa upayog, jahan pratibhaagi lambe aur kathin samay taka hansenge jaba way logon koo khud key samaan hansate hue dekhenge.
samajik pramaan bhee robert sialdini key anunaya key chhah siddhanton mein seey ack haye, (parasparikta, pratibaddhata/nirantarta, adhikaar, pasand aur kamee key saath) joe yeh bataata haye kii loga vishesh roop seey kuchh karyon koo karane kii sambhavana rakhate hain yadi way una logon seey sambandhit hoe sakate hain jinhone unake pahale samaan kaary kiye they. ack prayog joe iss daave kaa udaaharan detaa haye, una shodhkartaon dwara kiya gayaa thaa joe ghar-ghar daan abhiyaan mein shamil hue they, jinhone paaya kii yadi pahale daan karane vaalon kii soochi lambi thee, tou agale vyakti key bhee daan karane kii adhik sambhavana thee. yeh pravritti taba aur bhee spasht hoe gaee jaba daataa soochi mein aise loga they jinhen sambhaavit daataa jaanata thaa, jaise kii dost aur padosi. sialdini kaa siddhant yeh bhee daavaa kartaa haye kii sahakarmi shakti prabhaavi haye kyonki loga urdhvaadhar roop seey lagu honey key bajaay kshaitij roop seey lagu prabhaav ranneeti kaa jawab dene kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain, isaliye logon koo ack varishth kii tulanaa mein ack sahakarmi dwara raaji kiye jaane kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye.
shodh.
praarambhik shodh.
samajik pramaan kaa sabse prasiddh adhyayan mujafar sheriff kaa 1935 kaa prayog haye. iss prayog mein vishayon koo ack andhere kamare mein rakhaa gayaa aur lagbhag 15 feat door prakaash key ack bindu koo dekhane key liye kahaa gayaa. taba unase poochha gayaa kii prakaash kaa bindu kitna inch mein chala rhaa thaa. vaastav mein yeh bilkul bhee naheen chala rhaa thaa, lekin autokinetic prabhaav key kaaran yeh hilata huaa dikhaai diyaa. prakaash kitna hilata huaa dikhaai detaa haye, yeh vyakti seey vyakti mein bhinn hotaa haye, lekin aam taur parr pratyek vyakti key liye samay key saath susangat hotaa haye. kuchh dinon baad prayog kaa doosara bhaag aayojit kiya gayaa. pratyek vishay koo dou anya vishayon key saath jodaa gayaa thaa aur prakaash kitna chala rhaa thaa, iska apana anuman jore seey dene key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. bhale hii vishayon ney pahale alag-alag anuman diye they, lekin samooh ack samanya anuman parr aatey. iss sambhavana koo khariz karane key liye kii vishay kewal samooh koo moorkh dikhane seey bachane key liye jawab dey rahey they, jabaki abhee bhee yeh vishvaas karate hue kii unakaa mool anuman sahee thaa, sheriff ney samooh mein aisaa karane key baad vishayon koo phir seey prakaash kaa nyaay karane key liye kahaa. unhone samooh key nirnay koo banaae rakhaa. kyonki prakaash kii gati aspasht haye, pratibhaagi vaastaviktaa koo paribhaashit karane key liye ack-dusare parr bharosa curr rahey they.
ack anya adhyayan ney pratyakshadarshi kii pehchaan mein soochanaatmak samajik prabhaav koo dekhaa. vishayon koo "aparaadhi" kii ack slide dikhaai gaee thee. phir unhein chaar logon kii ack pankti kii ack slide dikhaai gaee, jinamen seey ack aparaadhi thaa jise unhone dekhaa thaa, aur usey baahar nikaalane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. slides koo bahut jaldi prastut karke kaary koo aspashtata key bindu taka mushkil banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh kaary ack samooh mein kiya gayaa thaa jisamen ack vaastavik vishay aur teen sangh (ack vyakti joe ack vishay key roop mein kaary curr rhaa thaa lekin vaastav mein prayogkarta key liye kaam curr rhaa thaa) shamil they. sanghon ney pahale jawab diyaa aur teenon ney ack hii galat jawab diyaa. prayog kii uchch-mahatva kii sthiti mein vishayon koo bataaya gayaa kii way pratyakshadarshi pehchaan kshamata key vaastavik pareekshan mein bhaag leey rahey they jiska upayog pulis vibhagon aur adalaton dwara kiya jaayega, aur unake ank pradarshan key liye maanak sthaapit karenge. cumm mahatva kii sthiti mein vishayon koo bataaya gayaa kii slide task abhee bhee vikasit kiya jaa rhaa thaa aur prayogkartaon koo pataa naheen thaa kii pradarshan key liye maanak kyaa thaa-way kewal kaary mein sudhaar key liye upayogi sanketon kii talash curr rahey they. yeh paaya gayaa kii jaba vishayon ney socha kii kaary uchch mahatva kaa haye tou way anuroop honey kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain, joe cumm mahatva kii sthiti mein 35 pratishat samay key vipareet parisangh key 51 pratishat samay kaa galat uttar dete hain.
samajik pramaan parr saanskritik prabhaav.
samajik pramaan kii taakat bhee vibhinn sanskritiyon mein bhinn hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii saamoohik sanskritiyon mein vishay vyaktigat sanskritiyon kii tulanaa mein dusaron key samajik pramaan key anuroop hain. haalaanki yeh pravritti phir seey hoti prateet hoti haye, lekin aise saboot hain joe bataate hain kii yeye parinam ack saralikaran hain, aur ack swatantra vishay kii vyaktigat-saamoohik pravritti bhee unake nirnayon parr prabhaav daalati haye. atirikt charr, jaise kii vishay kii samajik jimmedaari kii bhavna, koo sanskritiyon mein samajik pramaan key tantra koo behtar dhang seey samajhane key liye dhyaan mein rakhane kii aavashyakta haye; udaaharan key liye, adhik saamoohik vyaktiyon koo aksar dusaron kii madad karane kii majburi badh jaayegi kyonki unaki samajik jimmedaari key baare mein pramukh jagrukta haye, aur isase badale mein unake sathiyon key pichhale nirnayon kii parwah kiye binaa, anurodhon kaa paalan karane kii sambhavana badh jaayegi.
nakal aatmahatyaaen.
samajik pramaan koo nakal aatmahatya key liye ack spashteekaran key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa haye, jahaan aatmahatya key baare mein media prakaashan key baad aatmahatya kii darr badh jaati haye. agent-adharit modeling kaa upayog karate hue ack adhyayan seey pataa chalaa haye kii nakal aatmahatya kii sambhavana taba adhik hoti haye jaba saarvajanik aatmahatya mein shamil vyakti aur sambhaavit nakal aatmahatya key beach samaantaaen hoti hain. isake alawa, 1947 aur 1968 key beach david phillips dwara kiye gaye shodh nakal aatmahatyaon key astitva kaa samarthan karate hain.
udaaharan.
manoranjan mein.
cinemagharon mein kabhi-kabhi vishesh roop seey lagaae gaye darshakon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye jinhen poorv-nirdhaarit samay parr abhivaadan karane kaa nirdesh diyaa jaataa haye. aamtaur parr, yeye loga hii hain joe shuru mein taali bajaate hain, aur baaki darshak unakaa anusaran karate hain. iss tarah key abhivaadan koo gair-visheshagya darshakon dwara pradarshan kii gunavatta key sanket key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye.
television show mein dibbaband hansee key upayog parr aam taur parr narajgi vyakt karane key bavjood, television studio ney paaya haye kii way kewal pramukh "mazedaar" kshanon mein dibbaband hansee khelkar ack show kii kathit "mastee" koo badhaa sakate hain. unhone paaya haye kii bhale hii darshakon koo dibbaband hansee atyadhik pareshan karane vaali lagati haye, way una karyakramon koo samajhate hain joe dibbaband hansee kaa upayog una logon kii tulanaa mein majedar hotey hain joe naheen karate hain.
ee-commers mein.
ee-commers mein, samajik pramaan pichhale grahakon seey sakaratmak prashansapatron kaa roop letaa haye. inn prashansapatron koo pradarshit karna una ranneetiyon mein seey ack haye joe sambhaavit grahakon koo saain upp karane key liye protsaahit karane mein prabhaavi paaee jaati haye.
soshal media mein.
soshal proof tweeter, facebook, instagram aur youtube jaise soshal network parr bhee pramukh haye. followers, prashansakon, vichaaron, pasand, pasandida aur yahaan taka kii tippaniyon kii sankhya joe ack upayogkarta ney kii haye, sakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit karati haye kii anya upayogkarta unhein kaise samajhate hain. tweeter parr ack million followers vaale upayogkarta koo ack hazaar followers vaale samaan upayogkarta kii tulanaa mein adhik bharosemand aur pratishthit maanaa jaataa haye, jisake parinamswarup followers kii teji seey vriddhi hoti haye aur adhik judaav aur click-thru-rait hotey hain.
paryaavaran.
samajik mandand aksar tikaau yaa paryaavaran samarthak aacharan key liye spasht roop seey vyakt naheen kiye jaate hain.

