
abdul ameer all-jamri

sheikh abdul ameer all-jamri (; 1 march 1938-18 disambar 2006) bahreen mein sabse pramukh shiya maulaviyon aur vipakshi netaaon mein seey ack they. way ack lekhak aur kavi bhee they.
baani jamra gaanv mein paida hue all-jamri praathamik vidyalaya kii padhaai poori karane key baad ack hussaini khatib (shiya upadeshak) bunn gaye. 21 saal kii umr mein, unhone apani islami padhaai shuru kii, pahale bahreen mein aur baad mein all najaf, iraq key dhaarmik sansthaan mein, jahan way 11 saal taka rahey. way 1973 mein bahreen laut aae aur navgathit sansad key liye chune gaye. raajya suraksha kaanoon koo khariz karane key baad ameer eesaa binn salman all-khalifa ney dou saal baad sansad koo bhang curr diyaa thaa. 1977 mein, all-jamri koo bahreen key uchch dhaarmik nyayalaya mein nyayadhish key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhone 1988 taka iss pada parr kaary kiya, jaba unhein sarkaar kii aalochana key kaaran kuchh samay key liye giraftar curr liya gayaa.
all-jamri 1990 key dashak mein bahreen mein vidroh key dauran apani bhoomika key liye sabse ullekhaniya hain. vipaksh key pramukh vyakti key roop mein, vaha rajshahi key khilaf islamvadiyon, udaarvaadi aur vampanthiyon koo ack saath laane mein safal rahey. yeye ghatanaaen 1992 aur 1994 mein sansad kii bahaali aur nilambit samvidhaan kii bahaali kii maang karane vaali yachikaon key roop mein shuru huin, lekin vyaapak hinsa aur 40 vyaktiyon kii maut hoe gaee. apani nagrik adhikaar gatividhi key kaaran, all-jamri koo aprail aur sitambar 1995 key beach jail mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, janwari 1996 mein phir seey giraftar kiya gayaa aur julaai 1999 taka jail mein rakhaa gayaa, jisake baad dedh saal taka nazarband rakhaa gayaa.
janwari 2001 mein, all-jamri koo anya vipakshi kaaryakartaon key saath riha curr diyaa gayaa. nae ameer, hamad binn isaa all khalifa ney ack sudhaar yojana, bahreen key rashtriya kaary charter kaa prastaav rakhaa, jise vipaksh dwara sweekaar curr liya gayaa aur baad mein vyaapak lokpriya samarthan praapt kiya. ack saal baad, hamad ney ack nayaa samvidhaan jaari kiya, joe all-jamri ney kahaa kii vipaksh kii maangon seey cumm thaa. nirash, all-jamri jald hii beemar hoe gayaa, kaee stroke seey peedit thaa aur antatah kaee angon kii viphalata seey marr gayaa.
praarambhik jeevan aur islami adhyayan.
all-jamri kaa janm 1 march 1938 koo uttari bahreen key baani jamra gaanv mein huaa thaa. unakaa puuraa naam abdul ameer binn mansoor binn mohammad binn abdulrasul binn mohammad binn hussain binn ibrahim binn makki binn suleiman binn makki all-jamri all-behrani () thaa, halanki unhein unake kunya aboo jameel () seey bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa. unake pitaa (mansoor yaa nasir key roop mein jaane jaate hain) ack kurran shikshak, ack kapada karyashala key malik aur ack "bhakt shiya parivaar" key pramukh they. all-jamri key pitaa ney unhein chhah saal kii umr mein kurran aur islami prarthana kii mool baatein sikhai, halanki chaar saal baad unaki mrityu hoe gaee. all-jamri ney hussaini khatib (shiya upadeshak) banane seey pahale, baarah saal kii umr mein budaiya praathamik vidyalaya mein aupchaarik shiksha poori kii, apane gaanv key anya prasiddh khatib jaise kii apane chachere bhaai, shiya khatib mullah atiya all-jamri seey seekha. unhone manama sook mein bhee naukari praapt kii, aur 1962 taka vahaan kaam kiya.
1957 mein, all-jamri ney apane chachere bhaai kii poti, zahara 'usif atiya all-jamri seey shaadi kii, joe usa samay 16 saal kii thee. apani pustak "dha story off maaee life" mein, all-jamri ney apani shaadi key baare mein baat karane key liye ack khand samarpit kiya, jisamen unhone ise ack khushahal key roop mein varnit kiya aur apani patni key dhairya aur nishtha key liye unaki prashansa kii. unake ack saath 10 bachche theh 7 bete aur 3 betiyaan. unake beton mein seey ack mansoor all-jamri hain, joe "all-vasaat" samachar patra key pradhaan sampaadak hain.
1959 mein, all-jamri ney bahrain mein apani dhaarmik padhaai shuru kii. unhein sheikh abdullah all-behrani (mrityu 1961) aur sheikh bucker all-asafoor dwara padhaaya gayaa thaa. 1962 mein, apane guru kii mrityu key baad, all-jamri ney all najaf key dhaarmik sansthaan mein islami dharamshastra aur kaanoon kaa adhyayan karane key liye iraq kii yatra kii. ayatollah mohammad bucker all-sadar aur aboo all-kasim all-khoi dwara dou saal taka margadarshan kiye jaane key baad, vaha swatantra shodh (bahth all-kharij;) key star parr pahunche, joe dhaarmik madrason mein adhyayan kaa uchchatam star thaa. unhone kaee dhaarmik lekh bhee likhe joe iraqi samachar patron aur patrikaon mein prakaashit hue. desh mein, all-jamri ney saudi arab, kuwait aur iraq mein reeti-rivaajon seey gujarate samay pareshani seey bachane key liye chhadm naam abdullah mansoor mohammad kaa upayog kiya, jahaan yeh maanaa jaataa thaa kii upsarg "abdul" kaa upayog kewal bhagwan key naam key saath kiya jaanaa chaahiye. chhadm naam ney unhein 1970 mein all-jamri dwara diye gaye ack baath virodhi bhaashan key baad iraq key saadam hussain key bathwadi shasson seey bachane mein bhee madad kii. iraq mein 11 saal bitaakar, all-jamri 1973 mein bahreen laut aae. 1973 aur 1981 key beach, all-jamri bahreen tv parr aksar mezban they, joe ramjan aur ashura jaise islami avsaron parr dhaarmik vaarta karate they. 1985 mein unhone apane ghar key buggle mein masjid mein ack chhote seey hauje kii sthaapana kii.
sansad sadasya.
bahrain 1971 mein united kingdam seey swatantra hoe gayaa aur 1972 kii samvidhaan sabhaa ney 1973 taka ack nae samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar curr liya thaa. unake adhyayan sahayogi eesaa kasim kii tarah, all-jamri shuru mein apani dhaarmik padhaai poori karna chaahte they aur unhein rajneeti kii jyada parwah naheen thee. iraq mein unake maargdarshak, mohammad bakir all-sadar ney 1973 key sansadiya chunaav mein bhagidari key liye ack badhyakari fatwa jaari kiya. all-jamri aur paanch anya logon ney "dhaarmik gutt" kaa gathan kiya, jisane ack vyaapak karyakram apanaaya, jisamen shramik sangh aur maangon kaa samarthan karna, maadak peya padarthon key vyaapaar parr pratibandh lagaana aur shiksha sansthanon mein purushon aur mahilaaon koo alag karna shamil thaa. block ney purush doctors koo mahila rogiyon (vishesh roop seey garbhavastha mein) key saath-saath paaramparik islami reeti-rivaajon seey judee anya maangon kaa ilaaj karane seey rokane kaa bhee ahwan kiya. all-jamri koo bahrain kii rashtriya sabhaa key liye chunaa gayaa thaa, joe isaa kasim key baad dusare sthaan parr thaa.
agast 1975 mein, samvidhaan koo nilambit curr diyaa gayaa aur raajya suraksha kaanoon koo khariz karane key baad ameer, eesaa binn salman all-khalifa dwara vidhansabha koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa. adhiniyam-jise "ehatiyaati kaanoon" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye-british salaahkaar iaan henderson dwara prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa. isane pulis koo giraftari kii vyaapak shaktiyan deen aur vyaktiyon koo binaa mukadame yaa aarop key teen saal (navinikaran yogya) taka jail mein rakhane kii anumati dee, iss sandeh key liye kii way raajya key liye khatra hoe sakate hain. all-jamri ack videsh sambandh samiti key sadasya they, aur raajya suraksha kaanoon key mukhar aalochak they.
1977-1988.
1975 seey 2001 kii avadhi mein, ameer ney farman dwara shasson kiya. manvadhikar kaaryakartaon aur vipakshi netaaon ney baar-baar vyavasthit yaatana, hajaaron kii manmaane dhang seey giraftari aur hatyaon key aarop lagaae, jinn sabhi seey adhikaariyon ney incar kiya. bahreen kii shiya aabaadi ney vyaapak roop seey daavaa kiya kii sarkaar dwara unake saath bhedbhaav kiya jaa rhaa thaa, aur unake saath dusare darje key nagrikon key roop mein vyavhaar kiya jaa rhaa thaa.
nyayadhish.
1977 mein, sarkaar ney all-jamri koo bahreen (shiya shakha) key uchch dhaarmik nyayalaya mein nyayadhish key roop mein seva karane kaa avsar diyaa. aboo all-kasim all-khoi dwara unhein aisaa karane key liye dhaarmik anumati jaari karane key baad all-jamri sahmat hoe gaye. yeh nirnay bahreen key bheetar vivadaspad thaa, kyonki kaee shiya maulaviyon ney 1920 key dashak mein isaki sthaapana key baad seey sarkaar dwara sanchaalit nyaypalika mein bhaag lene seey incar curr diyaa thaa. all-jamri juuna 1988 taka iss pada parr rahey, jaba unhein sarkaar kii aalochana key kaaran nilambit curr diyaa gayaa.
raajneetik sakriyata.
1979 kii irani kranti key baad, aur 1980 key dashak key dauran jaari rahane key kaaran, bahreen kii raajneetik sthiti kii teevrata mein teji seey vriddhi hui. all-jamri, joe usa samay kaee yachikaon mein bhaag leey rahey they, seey kaee baar poochtaachh kii gaee aur suraksha aur khufiya seva dwara unaki kadee nigrani kii gaee. 1984 mein, islami gyaan sansthaan, jisake saath all-jamri judaa huaa thaa, sarkaar dwara bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa. sarkaar ney baithak key anya sthaanon koo bhee bund curr diyaa aur saarvajanik sangoshthiyon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. all-jamri ney halanki dainik baithakon key liye apana ghar khola, saarvajanik bahas key liye ack saptahik sthaan kii bhee peshkash kii; unhein rokane key kaee sarkari prayason key bavjood unhone aisaa karna jaari rakhaa.
1988 mein, sthiti taba gambhir hoe gaee jaba all-jamri ney sarkaar kii antim chetavani koo nazarandaj curr diyaa. juuna mein, unhein nyayadhish key roop mein unaki naukari seey barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa. agast mein, unake damad abdulzalil khalil koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur saat saal key karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee. sitambar mein, unake badey bete mohammad jameel koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur duss saal kii sajaa sunai gaee. isake baad adhikaariyon ney all-jamri kii giraftari kaa adesh diyaa; 6 sitambar koo curnell adel flaffel aur kaee suraksha bull unake ghar pahunche. all-jamri kii patni paas kii masjid mein gaee aur apane vaktaaon seey logon koo bulaaya. padosiyon key virodh key beach, suraksha balon ney kewal ack ghante kii hirasat key baad all-germi koo jaane dene kaa faisala kiya.
1990 key dashak key vidroh key dauran bhoomika.
prishthabhoomi.
1994 seey 1999 taka bahreen mein nagrik sangharsh kaa samay thaa, jisake dauran vampanthiyon, udaarvaadi aur islamvadiyon ney loktaantrik sudhaaron kii maang key liye ekjut hoe gaye. yeh vidroh desh key itihas mein sabse badaa thaa, aur isamen vyaapak pradarshan aur hinsa shamil thee.
1992 mein, nagrik samaaj kii 280 pramukh hastiyon dwara ack yachika parr hastakshar kiye gaye they, jisamen sansad kii bahaali, nilambit samvidhaan kii bahaali, raajneetik kaidiyon kii rihaai aur sulah vaarta shuru karane kii maang kii gaee thee. sarkaar ney unaki maangon koo khariz curr diyaa aur isake bajaay sarkaar key prastaavit kaanoon parr "tippani" karane key liye ack tees sadasyiya niyukt "shoora parishad" kaa gathan kiya. 1994 mein, isi maang key saath ack aur yachika shuru kii gaee thee, iss baar sabhi nagrikon key liye khuli thee. ayojakon ney kahaa kii unhone 20,000 seey adhik hastakshar ekatra kiye hain.
juuna 1994 mein hinsa bhadak uthee jaba danga pulis ney shram mantralaya key saamane dharna dene vaale 1,500 pradarshankariyon parr aansuu gais kaa istemal kiya. pradarshankari berojgari kii badhati darr key khilaf abhiyaan chalaa rahey they, joe 15 pratishat taka pahunch gaee thee. baad key varshon mein, kaee vipakshi netaaon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur anya koo nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa. kuchh pradarshankariyon ney "pulis thaanon, bainkon aur vaanijyik sampattiyon" parr hamla karane key liye molotov cocktail kaa istemal kiya. danga pulis ney aansuu gais aur rubber kii goliyon kaa istemal kiya, jinamen seey kuchh pulis helicopters seey bheed parr chalaai gaeen. yeh bhee bataaya gayaa kii pulis ney kuchh mamalon mein jinda golaa-barud kaa istemal kiya. kull milakar, lagbhag chaalees loga maare gaye, jinamen kaee bandiyaan joe pulis hirasat mein theen (kathit roop seey yaatana key kaaran), aur cumm seey cumm teen puliskarmi shamil they.
vidroh key dauran, all-jamri "pramukhta seey ubhare", vipaksh key beach pramukh vyakti bunn gaye, jinhone unhein "apane pitaa key roop mein aur aadhyatmik maargdarshak key roop mein dekhaa."shiya key liye, vaha unake" "aadhyatmik netaa" "they. way ack "mukhya vastukar" they aur 1992 aur 1994 kii yachikaon key hastaksharkarta they. way yuu key anaupchaarik netaa bhee they.key.-bahreen swatantrata andolan. all-jamri, joe swayam ack shiya islamwadi they, key dharmnirpeksh aur udaar vipakshi taakton key saath achche sambandh they aur unhone unhein "ack prabhaavi vipakshi andolan" mein ekjut kiya. apani nagrik adhikaar gatividhi key kaaran, loktantra samarthak maulavi koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur varshon taka nazarband curr diyaa gayaa.
pahali giraftari.
1995 mein, suraksha balon aur chhatron key beach jhadapon key baad, sarkaar ney all-jamri parr iran seey sambandh rakhane aur bahreen mein ack "islami ganarajya" sthaapit karane kaa aarop lagaaya. all-jamri ney aaropon seey incar kiya. phir bhee, 1 aprail koo sarkaar ney all-jamri key baani jamra key ghar parr nakabandi curr dee, jisase usey aur usake parivaar key 18 sadasyon koo nazarband curr diyaa gayaa. pulis key saath jhadapon key dauran cumm seey cumm ack vyakti kii maut hoe gaee aur 16 anya ghayal hoe gaye. usa dinn koo sthaaniya roop seey kaalaa shaniwar key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. dou saptah baad, all-jamri koo ack hirasat kendra mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. sansad kii bahaali parr baatchit shuru karane key badale mein sthiti koo shaant karane key liye sarkaar key saath ack samjhaute key baad, anya vipakshi hastiyon key saath unhein 25 sitambar 1995 koo riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa. all-jamri kii rihaai key baad unakaa swaagat karane key liye hajaaron bahareeniyaan ekatra huin. unhone ack bhaashan diyaa jisamen unhone bahreen key logon kii aashaon aur peedaon key prati wafadar rahane kaa vaadaa kiya.
doosari giraftari, mukadama aur doshasiddhi.
23 octuber koo, all-jamri aur anya riha kiye gaye vipakshi kaaryakartaon ney apane vaade koo puuraa karane mein sarkaar kii viphalata key virodh mein unake ghar mein 10 divasiya bhookh hadtaal shuru kii. bhookh hadtaal key antim dinn (1 navambar) hajaaron loga kaaryakartaon key saath ekjutata mein ekatra hue. 21 janwari 1996 koo all-jamri koo baatchit key tootane key baad abdulwahab hussain aur hassan mushaima sahit 7 anya vipakshi netaaon key saath phir seey hirasat mein leey liya gayaa. giraftari ney aur ashanti paida curr dee. kaaryakartaon ney "bahareni hizbullah" naamak ack milicia samooh banaane yaa iran seey samarthan praapt karane key aaropon seey incar kiya.
all-jamri ney saadhe teen saal jail mein bitaaye, jisake dauran unhone kathit taur parr pahale 9 maheene ekant karawas mein bitaaye aur shesh avadhi key dauran unhein bariki seey dekhaa gayaa. 21 farwari 1999 koo, unaki giraftari key lagbhag teen saal baad, raajya suraksha adalat key samaksh all-jamri kaa mukadama shuru huaa. 7 julaai koo, adalat ney unhein "raaj parivaar key khilaf jasusi karane aur ashanti bhadkane" key aarop mein doshi thaharaaya. all-jamri koo 10 saal key karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee aur bd5.7 million (US $15 million) kaa jurmana lagaaya gayaa. british rajneta george galloway, manvadhikar nigrani, antarrashtriya kalam aur maafi antarrashtriya ney all-jamri key saath ekjutata mein abhiyaanon kaa netritva kiya. baad vaale ney unhein vivek kaa kaidi bhee naamit kiya.
mukti, sulah aur nirasha.
ameer eesaa binn salman kii 6 march koo achaanak mrityu hoe gaee aur unake sabse badey bete hamad binn eesaa all khalifa ney unakaa sthaan liya. nae ameer ney all-jamri koo maaf curr diyaa aur usey doshi thaharaae jaane key ack dinn baad (8 julaai) riha curr diyaa, lekin usey 23 janwari 2001 taka nazarband curr diyaa. maafi milane seey pahale, all-jamri koo rashtriya television parr upasthit honah padaa aur ameer koo "apmaanjanak maafi patra" padhana padaa. nazarbandi kii avadhi key dauran ameer aur all-jamri key ayukton key beach baar-baar baithaken huin. baad key dinon mein aur raajneetik kaidiyon kii rihaai hui aur nirvaasiton koo lautane kii anumati dee gaee. 8 farwari koo, all-jamri aur 3 anya vipakshi netaaon-abdullah all-guraifi, abdulwahab hussain aur allie rabia-ney ameer seey unaki sudhaar yojanaon, bahreen key rashtriya kaary charter parr charcha karane key liye mulakat kii.
charter mein ack samvaidhaanik rajshahi, ack swatantra nyaypalika aur nirvaachit pratinidhiyon key nichale sadan aur niyukt vidhayakon key uchch sadan seey baney dwisadaniya vidhanmandal kii shuruat kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa. charter ney purushon aur mahilaaon key beach samaan adhikaar bhee pradaan kiye, aur sabhi bahareeni nagrikon koo samaan raajneetik adhikaaron key roop mein maanyata dee, jisamen chunaav aur raajneetik ummidwari kaa adhikaar shamil haye. 8 farwari kii baithak mein, sarkaar ney vaadaa kiya kii "naee raajneetik vyavasthaaen 1973 key samvidhaan koo amaanya naheen karengi aur uchch niyukt sadan kewal paramarsh key liye hoga."agale dinn, shukravaar kii prarthana kaa netritva karane key baad, all-jamri ney ack prasiddh bhaashan diyaa, jisaki shuruat" "allah meraa gawah haye, maine aapako utanaa hii yaad kiya haye jitna kii yakub ney joseph koo yaad kiya", isase pahale kii abdulwahab ney ghoshana kii kii vipaksh ney sudhaar yojana koo sweekaar karane kaa faisala kiya haye.  rashtriya kaarravaai charter koo 14 aur 15 farwari koo ack janmat sangrah mein matdan kiya gayaa thaa, jise bhaari lokpriya samarthan (98.4%) praapt huaa thaa. navambar 2001 mein, all-wefak shiya raajneetik samaaj kii sthaapana kii gaee, jisamen all-jamri koo isake maargdarshak key roop mein dekhaa gayaa.
14 farwari 2002 koo, ameer ney 2002 kaa nayaa samvidhaan pesh kiya, jisane unhein vyaapak shaktiyaan deen aur nirvaachit nichale sadan kii tulanaa mein uchch niyukt sadan koo adhik shaktiyaan deen, jisamen kaanoon banaane kaa adhikaar bhee shamil thaa. vipaksh aur sarkaar key beach "hanimoon" kii avadhi samaapt hoe gaee thee; all-jamri ney nae samvidhaan key prati apani nirasha vyakt karate hue kahaa kii yeh vipaksh kii maangon seey cumm haye. "unhone kahaa, "unaki sansad usa prakaar kii naheen haye jisaki hamane maang kii thee.
bimari aur mrityu.
taba maee 2000 mein all-jamri koo ghar mein nazarband karke dill kaa daura padaa. unhein bahreen raksha bull aspatal leey jaaya gayaa, jahan unaki sergery hui. aspatal mein rahane key dauran, raajaa aur pradhaanmantri unase milane gaye they. maee 2002 mein, all-jamri ney reedh kii huddy kii sergery key liye germany kii yatra kii. chikitsa jaanch key dauran, yeh pataa chalaa kii unaki aankh key peechhe ack thrombus thaa, joe jail mein rahane key dauran vikasit huaa thaa. shalya chikitsa key baad unhein ack aghaat huaa, gurde kii samasya aur rakt sankraman bhee huaa, joe jald hii komaa mein chalaa gayaa. vaha 30 juuna koo komaa seey jaag gaye, lekin kuchh hii samay baad unhein doosara aghaat lagaa, jisake parinamswarup aantarik raktasraav huaa, aur way jeevan bhar key liye aksham rahey.
27 janwari 2003 koo, all-jamri koo germany seey saudi arab key sultan binn abdulaziz maanviya shahar mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, jahan unaki chikitsa sthiti mein thodaa sudhaar huaa. vaha 12 julaai koo bahreen laut aae aur unake saikadon samarthakon ney unakaa swaagat kiya. unaki swaasthya sthiti phir seey bigad gaee kyonki unhein baar-baar saans lene mein samasya aur ack aur aghaat huaa aur anta mein unhone bolane kii kshamata khou dee. 18 disambar 2006 kii subah all-jamri koo ambulance dwara unake ghar seey salmania chikitsa parisar leey jaaya gayaa, jahan unhein mrit ghoshit curr diyaa gayaa. mrityu kaa kaaran hriday aur gurde kii viphalata thee.
isake baad.
antim sanskar.
haalaanki all-jamri kii mrityu kii ghoshana subah kii gaee thee, shoke julus suryast maghrib prarthana key baad hii shuru hue. antim sanskar kaa maarg kaee baar badala gayaa thaa. antatah, yeh budaiya rajmarg key paschim kii or baani jamra kii or jaane seey pahale muksha gaanv mein 6 baje shuru huaa, jahan all-jamri koo 10:00 mein dafnaya gayaa thaa. bahreen key liye mausam behad thandaa thaa, phir bhee hajaaron loga kaale shoke key kapade pahane aur kaale jhande liye hue dikhaai diye. kaee "all-vasaat" lekhakon key anusaar, yeh antim sanskar bahreen key aadhunik itihas mein sabse badaa thaa.
uttaradhikari.
2002 mein unake swaasthya mein girawat key baad, bahreen key shiya vipaksh key ack raajneetik aur dhaarmik netaa key roop mein all-jamri kii sthiti koo unake aajivan mitra, ayatollah eesaa kasim ney apane haathon mein leey liya. 1992 aur 1994 kii yachikaon kaa virodh karane vaale kasim all-jamri kii tulanaa mein cumm krantikari they, lekin unake vichaaron koo niji rakhaa gayaa, aanshik roop seey all-jamri key sammaan key sanket key roop mein. vipaksh key netaa key roop mein all-jamri kii bhoomika khaali rahee, kyonki vipaksh vikhandit hoe gayaa.
prakaashan.
all-jamri ney kaee kitaaben aur kavitaaen (arabi mein) likhin. bistar parr baithane key baad bhee way kavitaaen likhate rahey. unaki pustakon mein shamil hainh
sandarbh.
futnote
granth soochi