
scrubber

scrubber system (ee.jee. rasayanik scrubber, gais scrubber) vayu pradooshan niyantran upkaranon kaa ack vividh samooh haye jiska upayog audyogik nikas dhaaraon seey kuchh kanon aur/yaa gasses koo hataane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. 1859 mein pandubbi "ictino aaee" mein carbon dioxide scrubber kaa praarambhik anuprayog thaa; ack bhoomika jisake liye unakaa upayog aaj bhee jaari haye. paaramparik roop seey, "scrubber" shabd pradooshan niyantran upkaranon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye joe gais kii dhaara seey avaanchhit pradushakon koo dhone key liye taral kaa upayog karate hain. haal hii mein, iss shabd kaa upayog una pranaliyon kaa varnan karane key liye bhee kiya gayaa haye joe acid gasses koo "dhone" key liye ack sookhe abhikarmak yaa ghol koo ack gandey nikas dhaara mein inject karate hain. scrubber praathamik upkaranon mein seey ack haye joe gaisiya utsarjan, vishesh roop seey acid gasses koo niyantrit kartaa haye. scrubber kaa upayog flue-gais sanghanan dwara germ gasses seey garmi kii vasuli key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. inca upayog saur, pee. vee. yaa netritva vaali prakriyaon mein uchch pravaah key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye.
nikas gais seey vishaakt yaa sankshaarak yaugikon koo hataane aur ise beasar karane key kaee tareeke hain.
dahan.
dahan kabhi-kabhi hanikarak nikas kaa kaaran hotaa haye, lekin, kaee mamalon mein, dahan kaa upayog nikas gais kii safai key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye yadi tapman paryaapt adhik haye aur paryaapt oxygen upalabdh haye.
geeli scrubbing.
dahan kii nikas gasses mein paryaavaran key liye hanikarak maane jaane vaale padaarth hoe sakate hain, aur scrubber unhein hataa yaa beasar curr sakata haye. 
ack geele scrubber kaa upayog havaa, eendhan gais yaa vibhinn pradushakon aur dhool key kanon kii anya gasses koo saaf karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. geeli scrubbing lakshit yaugikon yaa kann padaarth key sampark key madhyam seey scrubbing samadhan key saath kaam karati haye. samadhan kewal paani (dhool key liye) yaa abhikarmakon key samadhan hoe sakate hain joe vishesh roop seey kuchh yaugikon koo lakshit karate hain.
prakriya nikas gais mein jall-ghulansheel vishaakt aur/yaa hydrochloric acid (aich. see. ell.) yaa amonia (aine. aich. 3) jaisi sankshaarak gaisen bhee hoe sakati hain. inhen geele scrubber seey bahut achchi tarah seey hataaya jaa sakata haye.
scrubber mein rahane kaa samay badhaakar yaa spray nozzle, paik kiye gaye towers yaa aspirator key upayog seey scrubber ghol key satah kshetra mein vriddhi karke pradushakon koo hataane kii dakshata mein sudhaar hotaa haye. geele scrubber gais mein paani key anupaat koo badhaa sakate hain, jisake parinamswarup ack drishya dher plume hoe sakata haye, yadi gais koo ack dher mein bheja jaataa haye.
geele scrubber kaa upayog flue-gais sanghanan dwara germ gasses seey garmi kii vasuli key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. iss mode mein, jise sanghanan scrubber kahaa jaataa haye, scrubber drain seey paani koo ack sheetlak key madhyam seey scrubber key sheersh parr nalikaon mein prasaarit kiya jaataa haye. germ gais neeche scrubber mein pravesh karati haye. yadi gais kaa tapman paani kii oss bindu seey oopar haye, tou ise shuru mein paani kii boondon key vashpikaran seey thandaa kiya jaataa haye. aage thandak key kaaran jall vaashp sanghanit hoe jaate hain, jisase parisanchari jall kii matra badh jaati haye.
paani key vashpikaran (prati tunn paani seey adhik) kii vishisht avyakt garmi key uchch moolya key kaaran paani kaa sanghanan cumm tapman kii garmi kii mahatvapurna matra jaari kartaa haye, jise ee key liye sheetlak dwara punarpraapt kiya jaa sakata haye.jee. jilaa taap uddeshya.
parisanchari jall seey atirikt sanghanit jall koo lagaatar hataaya jaanaa chaahiye.
sookhi scrubbing.
geele scrubber key vipareet, ack shushk yaa ardh-sookhe scrubbing pranali, namee key saath upchaar kiye jaa rahey flue gais pravaah koo santript naheen karati haye. kuchh mamalon mein koee namee naheen jodee jaati haye, jabaki anya mein kewal namee kii matra joe sanghanan key binaa flue gais mein vaashpit kii jaa sakati haye, jodee jaati haye. isaliye, sookhe scrubbers mein aam taur parr stack bhaap plume yaa apashisht jall handling/niptan kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. shushk scrubbing pranaliyon kaa upayog mukhya roop seey dahan sroton seey acid gasses (jaise aiss. oh. 2 aur aich. see. ell.) koo hataane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
kaee prakaar key dry scrubbing system design hain. haalaanki, sabhi mein dou mukhya khand yaa upkaran hotey hainh gais dhaara mein acid gais sharbat samagri koo pesh karane key liye ack upkaran aur pratikriya utpaadon, atirikt sharbat samagri key saath-saath flue gais mein pahale seey maujood kissy bhee kann padaarth koo hataane key liye ack kann padaarth niyantran upkaran.
dry scrubbing system koo dry sharbat injector (dee. aiss. aaee. aiss.) yaa spray dryer avashoshak (aiss. dee. aeye. aiss.) key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. spray dryer avashoshakon koo ardh-sookhe scrubber yaa spray dryer bhee kahaa jaataa haye.
shushk scrubbing pranaliyon kaa upayog aksar apashisht jall upchaar sanyantra key sanchaalan seey gandhapurna aur sankshaarak gasses koo hataane key liye kiya jaataa haye. upayog kiya jaane vaalaa madhyam aamtaur parr ack sakriya alumina yaugik hotaa haye jise hydrogen sulphide jaisi vishisht gasses koo sambhaalane key liye samagri key saath abhrasit kiya jaataa haye. methyl mercaptains, aldehyde, vashpasheel carbonic yaugik, diamethyl sulphide aur diamethyl dysulphide jaise anya gandhyukt yaugikon key liye hataane kii ack vistrit shrinkhala pradaan karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale madhyam koo ack saath milaaya jaa sakata haye.
shushk sharbat injection mein acid gasses key saath pratikriya karane key liye gais dhaara mein ack kshaariya samagri (aamtaur parr hydrated choone, soda aish, yaa sodium bicarbonate) koo jodana shamil haye. sharbat koo seedhe kaee alag-alag sthaanon mein inject kiya jaa sakata haih dahan prakriya, flue gais duct (kann niyantran upkaran seey aage), yaa ack khula pratikriya kaksh (yadi ack maujood haye). acid gaisen kshaariya sharbat key saath pratikriya karke thhos lavan banaati hain jinhen kann niyantran upkaran mein hataa diyaa jaataa haye. yeye saral pranaaliyan kewal seemit acid gais (aiss. oh. 2 aur aich. see. ell.) hataane kii kshamata praapt curr sakati hain. flue gais aardrata (i.) koo badhaakar uchch sangrah kshamata praapt kii jaa sakati haye.ee., paani key chhidkaav kaa upayog karke thandaa karna). inn upkaranon kaa upayog chikitsa apashisht dahankartaon aur kuchh nagarpalika apashisht dahankartaon parr kiya gayaa haye.
spray dryer avashoshakon mein, flue gasses koo ack avashoshak tower (dryer) mein pesh kiya jaataa haye jahaan gasses koo ack maheen paramanu kshaariya ghol key saath sampark kiya jaataa haye. acid gaisen ghol mishran dwara avashoshit hoti hain aur thhos lavan banaane key liye pratikriya karati hain jinhen kann niyantran upkaran dwara hataa diyaa jaataa haye. flue gais kii garmi kaa upayog sabhi paani kii boondon koo vaashpit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, jisase avashoshak tower seey baahar nikalane key liye ack gair-santript flue gais chhod dee jaati haye. spray dryer uchch (80 +%) acid gais hataane kii kshamata praapt karane mein saksham hain. inn upkaranon kaa upayog audyogik aur upayogita boilers aur nagarpalika apashisht bhasmakon parr kiya gayaa haye.
adhishoshak.
adhishoshak samagri kaa upayog karke bhee nikas gais seey kaee rasayanon koo hataaya jaa sakata haye. flue gais koo ack cartridge key madhyam seey paarit kiya jaataa haye joe ack yaa kaee adhishoshak samagri seey bharaa hotaa haye aur ghatakon key rasayanik gunon key liye anukoolit kiya jaataa haye. iss prakaar key scrubber koo kabhi-kabhi dry scrubber bhee kahaa jaataa haye. adhishoshak samagri koo isaki satah key santript honey key baad badalana padata haye. notah adhishoshan ack satah kii ghatana haye, avashoshan mein poori samagri shamil hoti haye. udaah sakriya carbon ack adhishoshak haye, jiska upayog gandhyukt yaugikon key adhishoshan key liye kiya jaataa haye.
paaraa nikaalana.
paaraa ack atyadhik vishaakt tatva haye joe aamtaur parr koyale aur nagarpalika key kachare mein paaya jaataa haye. geele scrubber kewal ghulansheel paaraa prajaatiyon koo hataane key liye prabhaavi hain, jaise kii aukseekrit paaraa, hg2 +. paaraa vaashp apane maulik roop mein, aich. jee. 0, scrubber ghol mein aghulansheel hotaa haye aur hataaya naheen jaataa haye. isaliye, paaraa pakadane koo puuraa karane key liye aich. jee. 0 roopaantaran kii ack atirikt prakriya kii aavashyakta hoti haye. aamtaur parr iss uddeshya key liye flue gais mein helogen jode jaate hain. koyale key prakaar key saath-saath ack chayanaatmak utprerak kamee ikai kii upasthiti donon flue gais mein tatva aur aukseekrit paaraa key anupaat koo prabhaavit karati haye aur iss prakaar paaraa jiss degree taka hataaya jaataa haye.
julaai 2015 mein, ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii koyla bijli sanyantron parr lagaae gaye kuchh paaraa scrubber anajaane mein paha (polycyclic sugandhit hydrocarbon) utsarjan koo bhee pakadate hain.
scrubber apashisht utpaad.
scrubbing kaa ack dushprabhaav yeh haye kii prakriya kewal avaanchhit padaarth koo nikas gasses seey taral ghol, thhos pest yaa pouder key roop mein leey jaati haye. yadi iska punah upayog naheen kiya jaa sakata haye tou iska surakshit roop seey niptan kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
udaaharan key liye, paaraa hataane key parinamswarup ack apashisht utpaad hotaa haye jise yaa tou kachche paaraa koo nikaalane key liye aage key prasanskaran kii aavashyakta hoti haye, yaa ack vishesh khatarnak apashisht landfill mein dafnaya jaanaa chaahiye joe paaraa koo paryaavaran mein baahar nikalane seey rokta haye. isake saath kuchh samasyaaen hain, kyonki yeh paryaavaran key liye behad khatarnak haye, aur kaee karkhane unhein sansaadhit naheen curr sakate hain yaa ise landfill mein sthanantarit naheen curr sakate hain.
punah upayog key ack udaaharan key roop mein, koyale seey chalane vaale bijli sanyantron mein choona patthar adharit scrubber paryaapt gunavatta key synthetic jipsum kaa utpaadan curr sakate hain jiska upayog drywall aur anya audyogik utpaadon key nirmaan key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
bacteria failate hain.
kharaab rakharkhaav vaale scrubber mein roga paida karane vaale bacteria koo failaane kii kshamata hoti haye. samasya aparyaapt safai kaa parinam haye. udaaharan key liye, norwey mein 2005 mein legionaires roga key prakop kaa kaaran kewal kuchh sankramit scrubber they. prakop key kaaran 10 mautein huin aur sankraman key 50 seey adhik mamle saamane aae.
jahaajon parr scrubber.
tail tanker sanchaalan key liye nishkriya gais key utpaadan key liye jahaajon parr sabse pahale scrubber kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. 
baad mein, 2020 mein vaishvik 0.5% sulfur cap kii taiyari mein, antarrashtriya samudri sangathan (aaee. aim. oh.) ney marpole annex vi key sulfur viniyaman kaa anupaalan sunishchit karane key liye jahaajon parr nikas gais scrubber (nikas gais safai pranali) kii manjuri, sthaapana aur upayog parr dishaanirdeshon koo apanaaya. dhwaj raajyon koo aisee pranaliyon koo manjuri deni chaahiye aur bandargah raajya (apane bandargah raajya niyantran key hisse key roop mein) yeh sunishchit curr sakate hain kii aisee pranaaliyan sahee dhang seey kaam curr rahee hain. yadi ack scrubber pranali thheek seey kaam naheen curr rahee haye (aur iss tarah kii kharabi key liye aaee. aim. oh. prakriyaon kaa paalan naheen kiya jaataa haye), tou bandargah raajya jahaaj koo manjuri dey sakate hain. samudra key kaanoon parr sanyukt rashtra sammelan bandargah raajyon koo bandargaahon aur aantarik jall key bheetar khule loop scrubber pranaliyon key upayog koo viniyamit karane (aur yahaan taka kii pratibandh lagaane) kaa adhikaar bhee detaa haye.