
boris croyt

boris croyt (3 juuna 1897-15 navambar 1969) ack shaastriya violine vaadak aur violine vaadak they. vaha 1936 seey 1967 mein bhang honey taka buddepest string chaukadi key ullanghankarta they. croyt kaa janm odessa mein ack yahudi-ukraini parivaar mein huaa thaa, lekin unhone apana praarambhik jeevan aur currier germany mein bitaaya jahaan way ack baal vilakshan violine vaadak they. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prakop seey 72 varsh kii ayu mein apani mrityu taka, vaha sanyukt raajya america mein rahey aur ack praakritik yuu bunn gaye they.aiss. 1944 mein nagrik.
praarambhik jeevan.
croyt kaa janm odessa mein osip croyt aur unaki doosari patni cecilia key ghar huaa thaa. unake pitaa, ack tambaku vyaapaari, kaa janm roose mein austriya-hangerian samrajya kii seema key paas huaa thaa. unaki maan austriyai theen. croyt kii ack badee bahan bertha (1893 mein paida hui) aur ack chhota bhaai miron (1902 mein paida huaa) thaa. yahudi yahudi basti odessa mein parivaar kaa apartment yuva kattarpanthiyon key liye ack baithak sthal thaa jisamen leone trotsky aur bronstein parivaar key anya sadasya shamil they joe croyt key pitaa key chachere bhaai they. croytes ney apane kamaron mein seey ack koo ack kalaa chhaatr koo kiraaye parr diyaa joe ack shaukiya violine vaadak bhee thaa. chaar saal kaa boris usey sunata thaa aur usake bajaane key saath gaane kaa prayaas kartaa thaa. bachche kii sangeet kshamata key saath, unhone usey cardboard seey ack violine banaaya. baad mein unhone apani pahali asli violine khareed lii aur apane violine vaadak mitra koo bachche koo uchit sabak dene key liye raaji kiya.
croyt kii maan shuru mein apane bete key sangeetkaar banane key khilaf theen, lekin violine key gunee alekjendar feedeman kii salah parr, jinhone boris koo dou anya bachchon key saath ack haydon string tikadi khelate hue sunaa thaa, unhone antatah usey chhod diyaa aur usey odessa key imperial music college mein dakhila diyaa. vahaan unake shikshak feedeman key bhaai max they. croyt ney nau saal kii umr mein piano parr max feedeman key saath apana pahala sangeet karyakram prastut kiya. duss saal kii umr mein, croyt kii maan ney usey alekjendar feedeman key tahat sakht sanrakshanalaya mein adhyayan karane key liye berlin bhejane kaa faisala kiya, jinhone berlin kii apani yatra aur apane rahane key kharchon kaa bhugtan karane kii peshkash kii thee. devi koo chhodane seey pahale, croyt ney berlin mein apane adhyayan key liye aur dhana jutaane key liye ack sangeet karyakram diyaa. unhone usa sangeet karyakram mein 1400 rubal jutaaye jisamen ack hazaar loga shamil hue they.
ack baar jaba croyt berlin pahunche, tou feedeman ney banker franz wonn mendelsohan (sangeetkaar felix mendelsohan key ack rishtedaar) koo ack wazifa pradaan karane aur jald hii honey vaale sangeet samarohon key liye holl aur orchestra koo kaam parr rakhane key liye vittaposhit kiya. mendelsohan ney croyt koo lorenzo storioni dwara banaaya gayaa violine bhee diyaa. croyt 1910 mein apane baar mitzwah key liye aur devi karkhane, udyog aur kalaa pradarshani mein khelane key liye devi koo laut aae. yeh aakhiri baar thaa jaba vaha kabhi apane paitrik shahar kaa daura karenge. croyt 1912 taka berlin mein boarding house mein rahate they jaba unaki maan aur chhote bhaai miron (ack chhaatr piyanovadak) berlin pahunche. unake pitaa aur bahan 1913 mein unake saath shamil hue. usa varsh baad mein croyt ney conservatory seey gustev hollander swarn padak key saath snaatak kiya.
sangeet carrier aur vivaah.
stern conservatory seey snaatak honey key baad, croyt ney ack violine vaadak key roop mein ack antarrashtriya sangeet karyakram kii shuruat kii, ekal gaayan aur violine sangeet karyakram mein aur string quartet key saath. unhone conductor richard strass aur erich clabber key tahat ack violine ekal vaadak key roop mein aur salist pablo casal aur piyanovadak artur schnabel aur artur rubenstein key saath kaksh mein bajaaya. unhone 1921 mein apani khud kii string chaukadi kii sthaapana kii aur 1927 seey mool gurneri chaukadi key saath saat saal taka isake ullanghankarta key roop mein khela. unhone teen dinon mein ack kishore key roop mein viola seekha thaa jaba alekjendar feedeman, jinake paas usa samay apani khud kii string chaukadi thee, ney jore dekar kahaa kii croyt chaukadi key ullanghankarta key liye vikalp haye joe beemar hoe gayaa thaa. 1924 mein croyt ney pratham vishva yuddh key baad key pahale pradarshan mein sconberg key "pierot lunayar" key pradarshan mein ack samooh mein khela jisamen schnabel, salist gregor pietigorsky aur soprano mairi gutheel-scoder shamil they. pradarshan shuru hotey hii buu aur aadhuniktavadiyon seey cheekhane key saath ack badee gadbadi fail gaee. sangeet siddhantkar fritz-friedolin windisk ney virodh pradarshan jaari rakhane key liye munch parr kood padey aur unhein jabaran hataa diyaa gayaa. usa samay schnabel, croyt aur pietigorsky ney circus polka khelna shuru curr diyaa. darshak hans padey, jisake baad pradarshan binaa kissy rukawat key safal swaagat key liye chalaa gayaa. 1920 key dashak mein ack shaastriya sangeetkaar key roop mein apani alp aaya key poorak key roop mein, croyt ney berlin mein rusho aur tarafa kaife mein jaiz bhee bajaaya aur ack chhote seey orchestra kaa netritva kiya jisane tango sangeet aur operata dhunon kaa pradarshan aur record kiya. orchestra key saath apana asli naam jodane key liye taiyar naheen, vaha unake saath "tino valerio" key roop mein dikhaai diyaa.
1932 mein croyt ney sophi (sonia) blumin seey shaadi kii. 1908 mein lithuania mein paida hui, vaha ack ameer yahudi vastukar kii betty thee. parivaar masco mein buss gayaa thaa lekin bolshevik kranti key dauran roose seey germany bhaag gayaa thaa. vaha prashikshan seey ack baile nartaki theen aur berlin vishvavidyalaya mein kaanoon kaa adhyayan bhee kiya thaa. unaki betty aur ekmatra santan, yaana, kaa janm agale varsh huaa. naazi germany key tahat yahudi sangeetkaron key liye jeevan teji seey kathin hotaa jaa rhaa thaa. germany mein hii, croyt kewal yahudi sangathanon key liye khel sakata thaa aur usey apane parivaar kaa samarthan karane key liye videshi vyastataon parr dhyaan kendrit karane kii aavashyakta hogi. maee 1936 mein unhone tail avive mein ack orchestra mein khelane kaa prastaav sweekaar curr liya, jiska gathan villium steinberg aur bronislav huberman dwara kiya jaa rhaa thaa. haalaanki, usa maheene key anta mein unake puraane dost joseph roiseman (1900-1974), joe sabse badee taar chaukadi key liye pahale violine they, ney unhein haal hii mein istifa dene vaale ullanghankarta koo badalane key liye kahaa. apane yuva parivaar koo palestine aur ack anishchit bhavishya mein sthanantarit karane key liye anichhuk aur badee sankhya mein antarrashtriya sangeet karyakramon koo dekhate hue, jisake liye chaukadi koo anubandhit kiya gayaa thaa, croyt ney roiseman key prastaav koo sweekaar curr liya. unhone 31 agast 1936 koo norwey mein chaukadi key saath apana pahala sangeet karyakram khela aur 1967 mein samooh key bhang honey taka unakaa ullanghankarta baney rahey.
europe mein dwiteeya vishva yuddh key shuru honey parr sabse badee taar chaukadi sanyukt raajya america mein thee. unhone vahaan key nivasi banane key liye congress key pustakalaya seey ack prastaav sweekaar kiya, elizabeth spraig cooliz sabhagar mein 20 sangeet karyakramon kii ack vaarshik shrinkhala mein pustakalaya key sangrah mein stradivarius string vaadyayantron parr bajaate hue. croyt parivaar uttar-paschim washington mein ack ghar mein buss gayaa.see. jahan way apane shoir key liye jaane gaye, jisamen pramukh sangeetkaron aur raajneetik hastiyon ney bhaag liya. croyt aur unaki patni aur betty swabhavik hoe gaye.aiss. 1944 mein nagrik aur apane shesh jeevan key liye sanyukt raajya america mein rahey.
croyt key paas ack vimudrikaran vayala thaa aur vaha khelata thaa. jaba sabse badee taar chaukadi ney congress key pustakalaya mein nivaas kiya, tou pustakalaya ney apane sabhi sadasyon koo atirikt roop seey stradivarius vaadyayantra udhaar diye.
baad key varshon mein.
1964 taka sabse badee taar chaukadi kii gatividhiyaan bund honey lageen. croyt teji seey ekal vayala gaayan yaa anya samooh key saath dikhaai diyaa. 1964 mein way marlboro sangeet vidyalaya aur mahotsav mein karmchaariyon mein shamil hoe gaye, jahan unhone nava sthaapit gurneri chaukadi koo prashikshit kiya. unake naam kaa sujhaav croyt ney diyaa thaa, joe buddepest chaukadi mein shamil honey seey pahale isi naam kii ack poorv chaukadi mein khele they. yuva piyanovadak murre perahiya, jinase way vahaan mille they, unake aashrit bunn gaye. croyt ney unhein apane "sangeetmay godchild" key roop mein varnit kiya. ack anya marlboro poorv chhaatr, violine vaadak jaime laredo ney croyt koo apane jeevan mein sabse badey sangeet prabhaavon mein seey ack key roop mein varnit kiya. croyt ney vishvavidyalaya mein bhains mein chhaatr string quartet koo bhee prashikshit kiya, jahan badapest quartet kaa nivaas thaa. farwari 1967 mein bhains mein teen sangeet karyakram ack samooh key roop mein chaukadi key antim pradarshan they.
sangeet sameekshak michael steinberg ney pichhale varsh bhains mein croyt seey mulakat koo yaad kiyaah
yeh ack shaam thee joe croytes dwara hamein ack bilkul adbhut vaahan mein hamaare hotal taka leey jaane key saath samaapt hui, lagbhag ack motor launch key aakar key baare mein, samriddh blues mein susajjit, daravana roop seey shaant, aur ack jeevan shally kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye joe main kaksh sangeet key vaadan seey naheen judaa thaa. mujhe ack durlabh garmajoshi, aakarshan aur haasya key vyakti koo bhee yaad haye, joe sangeet kii duniya mein apane sahyogiyon key baare mein udaartaa seey, bodhgamya roop seey aur sukhad aparivartaniyata key saath baat karate they.
croyt koo 1968 mein pett key cancer kaa pataa chalaa thaa. ack operation key bavjood, unaki sthiti bigad gaee aur unhein murre perahiya key saath ack niyojit dakshin americi daure koo radd karna padaa. unaki antim saarvajanik upasthiti 18 octuber 1969 koo thee jaba unhone ellis tulie holl mein beethoven key string quintet key pradarshan mein khela thaa. ack maheene seey bhee cumm samay baad newyork shahar key francisi aspatal mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. gurneri chaukadi ney unake antim sanskar mein khela, aur kuchh dinon baad pitsberg mein unake gaayan mein, perahiya ney ack butch sarbande koo croyt kii smriti mein samarpit kiya.
croyt kii mrityu key baad, unaki vidhwa sophi ney marlboro utsav key saath parivaar key sambandhon koo jaari rakhaa, 1980 mein 71 varsh kii ayu mein unaki mrityu taka isake samajik nideshak key roop mein kaary kiya.
parivaar.
croyt key donon bhaai-bahan bhee sanyukt raajya america chaley gaye aur yuu bunn gaye.aiss. nagrik. unaki badee bahan bertha, joe 1916 mein pahali baar aaee theen, shikago mein ack dressmaker key roop mein kaam karati theen aur 1947 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unake chhote bhaai miron ack piano shikshak aur sangeet karyakram piyanovadak they. vaha aksar apani patni clyer sheftel key saath pradarshan kartaa thaa, joe ack ullanghankarta thee. 1984 mein newyork mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. croyt kii betty yaana mukhya roop seey cbs aur doublunate key liye ack television nirmaata theen. cbs key liye mikhail barishnikov abhineet "dha nutcracker" key unake television roopaantaran koo 1978 mein ammy puraskar key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa. unake pati nathan brand ack itihas lekhak aur "american heritage" key poorv prabandh sampaadak hain. 1993 mein, unhone "conn brio" prakaashit kiya, joe kii sabse badee string chaukadi kaa itihas haye. unhone aur yaana ney 2007 mein university off south carolina press dwara prakaashit "inn dha shaddo off dha sivil vaarah pasmore williamson aind dha rescue off jaine johnson" kaa saha-lekhan bhee kiya. yaana brand kii agale varsh 74 varsh kii ayu mein ack kaar durghatana mein mrityu hoe gaee. unakaa betaa anthany brand ack sangeetkaar aur rais university key shaferred school off music mein rachana aur siddhant key professor hain.