
aquilegia kaa kaanoon

laurence off aquilegia (lorenzo dee aquilleya) terahavin shatabdi kaa ack italvi siddhant aur shikshak thaa. vaha ars dictaminis-patra lekhan kii madhyayugeen kalaa parr apane granthon key liye jaane jaate hain. laurence key pramukh karyon koo siseronian bayanbaji mein prerana millie, lekin lekhan key liye ack nayaa fatic tatva pesh kiya gayaa aur isamen "summa dictaminis edita ixta doctrinum tuli" aur "practica sive usas dictaminis edita adilitem rudium" shamil hain. abhyaas" unakaa sabse lokpriya kaam haye aur taalikaon key upayog key madhyam seey patra lekhan key liye unake vyaavhaarik, fatic drishtikon koo darshaata haye.
jeevani sambandhi jaankaari.
aquilegia key uttari italvi diosis mein cividale dell freuli mein, laurence kaa janm 1250 seey kuchh samay pahale huaa thaa. bologna (tanashahi adhyayan kaa kendra) mein kalaa kaa adhyayan karane key baad, vaha ghar laut aae aur aquilegia key siddhant bunn gaye. cannon key roop mein, laurence ney 1269 mein shuru honey vaale pitrisatta key saath nikatata seey kaam kiya, jahan unhone haal hii mein mrit kulpita kii vaseeyat kii ghoshana mein sahaayata kii. laurence ney 1304 taka pitrisatta key saath kaam kiya, 1270 mein carinthia key kulpita-nirvaachit phillip kii train mein aur 1274 mein pitrisatta raimondo della torr key samanya bolchal mein ullekhaniya upasthiti darj karaai (genson 1973).
apane nagrik kartavyon key alawa, laurence ack sammaanit yatra shikshak they. unhone 1280 key dashak kii shuruat mein apane shikshan currier kii shuruat kii, jahan madhyayugeen vidvaanon kaa prastaav haye kii unhone pahale bologna kii yatra kii, phir rome, tolus aur orleans (genson 1973) mein pravaas kiya. 1290 key dashak key anta mein, laurence ney peris mein kalaa sankaay mein ack shikshak key roop mein lokpriyata hassil kii. yaheen parr unhone apana pahala granth "summa dictaminis" likhaa aur ise ekatrit vishvavidyalaya koo saunp diyaa. iss rachana koo achchi tarah seey praapt kiya gayaa, joe ack pratishthit tanashah (yaa vaktaa) aur patra lekhan kii kalaa (genson 1973) parr lekhak key roop mein unaki sthiti koo chihnit kartaa haye. unaki lokpriyata unake nirantar lekhan key saath badhee, aur siddhant aur dictaminal shally key anuprayog parr unaki aathh pandulipiyon kii pratiyaan vyaapak roop seey prasaarit kii gaeen.
pandulipiyon key lekhan key saath, laurence ney peris mein vishvavidyalaya kii or seey patron kii rachana karate hue apane nagrik aur shikshan currier koo jodaa. unakaa sabse mahatvapurna patra pope koo sambodhit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen yunani, arabi aur tarter key adhyayan kii sthaapana kaa anurodh kiya gayaa thaa (genson 1973).
ack pratishthit shaikshanik aur nagrik currier key baad, vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii 1304 key kuchh samay baad laurence kii mrityu hoe gaee.
kaam kartaa haye.
"summa dictaminis edita ixta doctrinum tuli.
peris mein likhi gaee laurence kii pahali kriti aur 1298 aur 1302 key beach kii tarikh, yeh granth sisro key dee invention aur retarica aid hernium key saath-saath saathi tanashahon key booncompagno kii retarica novisima (genson 1973) seey liya gayaa haye.
granth key aathh mukhya bhaagon mein seey pahale bhaag mein, laurence tanashahi lekhan seey sambandhit buniyaadi avadhaaranaon koo paribhaashit kartaa haih vaktaa, alankar, tanashah aur tanashah. vaha patra aur usake bhaagon koo paribhaashit karke samaapan kartaa haye. bhaag dou seey chhah ack patra key paanch bhaagon mein seey pratyek kaa vistrit vivaranah abhivaadan, bahirmukhi, kathaa, yachika aur nishkarsh. paanch bhaagon mein seey, abhivaadan kaa vivaran sabse lamba haye, joe samajik staron (genson 1973) key saath madhyayugeen vyastata koo dekhate hue ashcharya kii baat naheen haye. bhaag saat aur aathh mein, laurence ney kramshah alankar key liye bayanbaji aur ranneetiyon key rangon key saath apane kaam kaa samaapan kiya.
"summa dictaminis breevitor aitt artificius composita secondum stillum roman curie aitt consuatudinum modernorum" (undated).
peris mein bhee likhaa gayaa, yeh doosara kaam unake pahale kaam seey saral aur chhota haye. laurence ney "dicteman seekhane key liye utsuk nausikhiyon" (genson 1973) key liye kaam karane kaa irada rakhaa, aur isaki sadgi ney isaki lokpriyata mein yogdan diyaa.
apane poorvavarti kii tarah, yeh kaam dicteman aur patra key paanch bhaagon koo paribhaashit kartaa haye-jise usa samay key "anumodit praarup" (marfi 1974) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. phir seey, adhikansh kaary abhivaadan seey sambandhit haye, jisamen saintees adhyaay vibhinn samajik staron key liye abhivaadan key liye samarpit hain (i.ee. pope koo likhana, ack raajaa koo likhana, ack kisan koo likhana, ack vidwan koo likhana). laurence patra key anya hisson koo kewal sankshep mein shamil kartaa haye. vaha shaileegat buraaiyon kii charcha key saath apana kaam samaapt kartaa haye.
abhyaas mein usas dictaminis edita aid utilitem rudium (undated).
laurence kaa sabse lokpriya kaary vibhinn samajik staron key logon koo saaranibaddh roop mein sambodhit karane key roopon kii vyavastha kartaa haye. saat taalikaaen (pratyek varg key vyaktiyon key liye ack) abhivaadan, akhyan, yachikaon aur nishkarshon key udaaharan pradaan karati hain (neeche chitra 1 aur 2 dekhein). vyavhaar" sootra, patra lekhan key liye vyaavhaarik drishtikon ney naa kewal isaki lokpriyata mein yogdan diyaa, balki ars dictaminis key "yantriki mrit anta" (perelman 1991) kaa bhee pratinidhitva kartaa haye. taalikaon kaa anusaran karke, koee bhee "varnamala key vyaktigat aksharon kii nakal karane mein saksham" (marfi 1974) kissy vishesh samajik varg key praaptakarta koo ack patra likh sakata haye. abhyaas "ack uttardaayi taar parr maaraa" (marfi 1974), kyonki laurence kii taalikaon key baad ack patra likhane key liye bhasha key koee aupchaarik kalaatmak prashikshan yaa alankaarik adesh kii aavashyakta naheen thee.
 
tractates super diverses modis componendy epistolum; ars narandi, petendi, atstandy; speculum dictaminis super diverses literum formis; theorica dictaminis (sabhi undated).
yeye chaar kritiyaan laurence key pichhale granthon key sankshipt yaa uddhrit sanskaranon kaa pratinidhitva karati hain. kuchh vidwan inn karyon koo laurence key shishya maane jaane vaale johnn off bondy key liye bataate hain, lekin ack hii pandulipi (marfi 1974) key vibhinn sanskaranon kii rachana karna dictatoron key liye niyamit abhyaas thaa.
patra.
chhatron key liye patra shally kaa model banaane aur apane granthon key poorak key roop mein laurence ney kaee patra likhe. yeye patra chaudahavin shatabdi key dou sangrhon mein pandulipi key roop mein maujood hain.
prabhaav.
jabaki laurence koo ars dictaminis koo apane "yaantrik antim anta" (perelman 1991) taka leey jaane aur isaki girawat koo chihnit karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, unakaa vyaavhaarik drishtikon itali mein ack nae andolan key anuroop uday koo chihnit kartaa haih ars notaria. ars notaria key saath, lekhakon kaa ack nayaa varg pesh aaya, joe peshevar sachivon aur lekhakon key roop mein kaam curr rahey they. inn praarambhik notary ney dastavejon key prapatron aur kanuni dastavejon key saath khud koo sambandhit kiya.
ars dictaminis key liye apane sootraatmak drishtikon key saath, laurence ney apane "abhyaas" mein ack vyaavhaarik roop pesh kiya kii "apane antim bindu taka chartistic drishtikon" (marfi 1974). isake alawa, "abhyaas" vishay-vastu seey roop-adharit lekhan kii or ack badalaav koo chihnit kartaa haye aur "vyaktigat aur aadhikarik sambandhon kii fatic bayanbaji" (perelman 1991) parr jore detaa haye. anunaya seey sambandhit shaastriya alankaarik shally key vipareet, laurence key kaary samajik uddeshyon key liye lekhan seey sambandhit hain, jaisa kii patra lekhan (genson 1973) parr unake granthon mein abhivaadan key unake vyaapak upchaar seey spasht haye. madhyayugeen bayanbaji vidwan, james jey. marfi, laurence key lekhan dwara visheshta vaale fatic drishtikon parr jore detaa haye, yeh dekhate hue kii "yeh praaptakarta kaa star haye joe patra kii prakriti koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye, naa kii vishay vastu yaa lekhak key star, yaa lekhak key iradon koo" (1974).
patra lekhan key liye laurence kaa lagu drishtikon bhee vyaavsaayik sanchaar parr aadhunik granthon key praarambhik poorvaj key roop mein khadaa haye (perelman 1991). jiss tarah shikshak aaj apane chhatron koo paathya pustakon mein gyapanon aur reports key udaharanon key liye nirdeshit karate hain, usee tarah laurence ney apane chhatron koo "practices" aur sambandhit granthon (perelman 1991) mein apane model patron aur taalikaon key liye nirdeshit kiya.

