
birmingham

birmingham (), jise bolchal kii bhasha mein brum key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ingland mein paschimi midlands key mahanagariya county mein ack shahar aur mahanagariya baro haye. yeh sanyukt raajya kaa doosara sabse badaa shahar haye, jisaki jansankhya shahar mein 1.145 million, paschimi madhyabhoomi mahanagariya county mein 2.92 million aur vyaapak mahanagariya kshetra mein lagbhag 4.3 laakh haye. yeh landan key baahar sabse badaa yuu. key. mahanagariya kshetra haye. birmingham koo aamtaur parr united kingdam kaa doosara shahar kahaa jaataa haye.
ingland key paschimi madhyabhoomi kshetra mein sthit, lagbhag landan seey, birmingham koo madhyabhoomi kaa samajik, saanskritik, vittiya aur vaanijyik kendra maanaa jaataa haye. vishisht roop seey, birmingham mein kewal chhoti nadiyaan hain joe isake madhyam seey bahati hain, mukhya roop seey nadee taame aur isaki sahayak nadiyon reea aur nadee coley-nikatatam mukhya nadiyon mein seey ack seavern haye, joe shahar key kendra key lagbhag paschim mein haye.
aitihaasik roop seey madhyayugeen kaal mein warwickshire mein ack bajar shahar, birmingham 18 veen shatabdi key dauran madhya bhoomi gyaan key dauran aur audyogik kranti key dauran vikasit huaa, jisane vigyaan, praudyogiki aur aarthik vikas mein pragati dekhi, jisase navacharon kii ack shrinkhala kaa utpaadan huaa jisane aadhunik audyogik samaaj kii kaee neenv rakhee. 1791 taka, ise "duniya kaa pahala vinirmaan shahar" key roop mein jaanaa jaa rhaa thaa. birmingham kii vishisht aarthik ruprekha, jisamen hajaaron chhoti karyashalaen vibhinn prakaar key vishesh aur atyadhik kushal vyaapaar kaa abhyaas karati hain, rachnaatmaktaa aur navachar key asadharan staron koo protsaahit karati hain; isane samriddhi key liye ack aarthik aadhar pradaan kiya joe 20veen shatabdi kii antim timahi taka banaa rhaa. vaat bhaap injan kaa aavishkaar birmingham mein kiya gayaa thaa.
parinamswarup samajik gatishilata key uchch star ney raajneetik kattarpanth kii sanskriti koo bhee badhaava diyaa, joe thomas atwood seey laker joseph chamberlain taka key netaaon key tahat, ise landan key baahar britten mein ack advitiya raajneetik prabhaav denaa thaa aur british loktantra key vikas mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika thee. 1940 kii garmiyon seey 1943 key vasant taka, german looftwaff dwara birmingham parr bhaari bambari kii gaee thee jise birmingham blitz key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yojnakaron dwara vidhvans aur naee imarat kii ack jaanboojhkar neeti key alawa, shahar key buniyaadi dhaanche koo hue nuksan ney baad key dashakon mein vyaapak shahari punarjanan koo janm diyaa.
birmingham kii arthavyavastha mein abb seva kshetra kaa varchasva haye. yeh shahar ack pramukh antarrashtriya vaanijyik kendra aur ack mahatvapurna parivahan, khudra, karyakram aur sammelan kendra haye. isaki mahanagariya arthavyavastha $121.1bn () key jee. dee. pee. key saath sanyukt raajya mein doosari sabse badee arthavyavastha haye. birmingham vishvavidyalaya sahit isake paanch vishvavidyalaya ise landan key baahar desh mein uchch shiksha kaa sabse badaa kendra banaate hain. birmingham key pramukh saanskritik sansthaan-birmingham symphany orchestra, birmingham royal baile, birmingham repertory theatre, birmingham kaa pustakalaya aur naaee lalit kalaa sansthaan-antarrashtriya pratishtha kaa anand lete hain, aur shahar mein jeevant aur prabhaavshaali jamini kalaa, sangeet, saahityik aur paak drishya hain. shahar ney 2022 key rashtramandal khelon kii bhee safaltapurvak mejbani kii. 2021 mein, birmingham videshi deshon key logon dwara britten mein teesara sabse adhik daura kiya jaane vaalaa shahar thaa.
toponymi.
birmingham" naam purani angreji seey aaya haye, jiska arth haye ack janjaati yaa kabile kaa ghar yaa basti, jisake naam kaa shaabdik arth haye 'beyorama key loga' aur jisane anglo-saxon prashaasan kii ack praarambhik ikai kaa gathan kiya hoga. beyorama, jinake naam parr janjaati kaa naam rakhaa gayaa thaa, anglo-saxon basti key samay iska netaa, ack saajha poorvaj yaa ack pauranik adiwasi vyakti hoe sakata thaa. ack kshetra key anglo-saxon upanivesh key shuruati charanon key dauran sthaapit praathamik bastiyon kii visheshtaon mein samaapt honey vaale sthaanon key naam, yeh sujhaav dete hain kii birmingham shayed navintam 7 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein astitva mein thaa. ('farm'), ('woodland clearing'), ('enclosure') aur ('open ground') mein samaapt honey vaali naamon vaali aspas kii bastiyaan anglo-saxon aabaadi key baad key vistaar seey banaai gaee maadhyamik bastiyaan honey kii sambhavana haye, kuchh mamalon mein sambhavatah pahale key british sthalon parr.
itihas.
poorv-itihas aur madhyayugeen.
lagbhag 8000 eesaa poorv key birmingham kshetra mein praarambhik maanav gatividhi key pramaan hain, jisamen pashan yug kii kalaakritiyaan mausami bastiyon, raat bhar shikaar karane kii partiyon aur pedon kii kataai jaisi vann gatividhiyon kaa sujhaav detee hain. shahar key aspas abhee bhee dekhe jaa sakane vaale kaee jaley hue tealey ingit karate hain kii aadhunik manushyon ney kansya yug key dauran pahali baar iss kshetra mein saghan roop seey basane aur kheti kii, jaba 1700 eesaa poorv aur 1000 eesaa poorv key beach aabaadi kaa ack paryaapt lekin alpakaalik pravaah huaa, joe sambhavatah aspas key kshetra mein sangharsh yaa aapravaasan key kaaran huaa thaa. britten kii pahali shatabdi kii roman vijay key dauran, birmingham pathaar key vann desh ney aage badhate roman sainikon key liye ack baadha kaa nirmaan kiya, jinhone 48 mein aadhunik agebeston key kshetra mein badey mechale kille kaa nirmaan kiya, aur ise roman sadakon key network kaa kendra banaaya. birmingham koo baad mein 6 veen yaa 7 veen shatabdi key aspas "beaurmings" dwara usa samay key bhaari vann vaale arden kshetra mein ack chhoti basti key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
ack mahatvapurna shahari aur vaanijyik kendra key roop mein birmingham kaa vikas 1166 mein shuru huaa, jaba jagir key swami peater dee birmingham ney apane mahal mein ack bajar aayojit karane key liye ack charter praapt kiya, aur isake baad ack niyojit bajar shahar aur apane "demsney" yaa manorrheal estate key bheetar ack vishisht nagar kaa nirmaan kiya, joe usa sthal key aspas thaa joe bail kaa gheraa bunn gayaa. isane birmingham koo usa samay birmingham pathaar key liye praathamik vaanijyik kendra key roop mein sthaapit kiya jaba kshetra kii arthavyavastha teji seey vistaar curr rahee thee, rashtriya star parr jansankhya vriddhi key saath pahale kii seemant bhoomi kii nikasi, kheti aur niptan kii or leey jaa rahee thee. charter kii ack shatabdi key bheetar birmingham vyapariyon aur shilpkaron key ack samriddh shahari kendra key roop mein vikasit hoe gayaa thaa. 1327 taka yeh warwickshire kaa teesara sabse badaa shahar thaa, joe agale 200 varshon taka banaa rahega.
praarambhik aadhunik.
madhyayugeen birmingham key pramukh shaasi sansthaan-jisamen pavitra cross kaa sangh aur dee birmingham parivaar kaa swami-1536 aur 1547 key beach dhwast hoe gaye, jisase shahar mein asamanya roop seey uchch star kii samajik aur aarthik swatantrata hoe gaee aur sankraman aur vikas kii avadhi shuru hoe gaee. 1700 taka birmingham kii aabaadi pandrah gunaa badh gaee thee aur yeh shahar ingland aur wells mein paanchvaan sabse badaa shahar thaa.
birmingham kii arthavyavastha mein lohe key saman key nirmaan key mahatva koo 1538 kii shuruat mein maanyata dee gaee thee, aur jaise-jaise sadee aage badhee teji seey badhee. lauh vyapariyon key liye ack kendra key roop mein shahar kii ubharati bhoomika bhee utani hii mahatvapurna thee, joe vitt kaa ayojan karate they, kachche maal kii aapoorti karate they aur udyog key utpaadon kaa vyaapaar aur vipanan karate they. 1600 key dashak taka birmingham ney dakshin wells seey cheshire taka faile jaali aur bhattiyon key ack network kaa vaanijyik kendra banaaya aur isake vyaapaari taiyar maal koo paschim bhaarat key roop mein door taka betch rahey they. inn vyaparik samparkon ney birmingham key dhaatu shramikon koo bahut vyaapak baajaron taka pahunch pradaan kii, jisase way sthaaniya bikri key liye buniyaadi vastuon kaa utpaadan karane vaale cumm kushal vyaapaar seey door, visheshagya, uchch kushal aur adhik aakarshak gatividhiyon kii ack vyaapak shrinkhala kii or vividhikaran curr sakey.
angreji grihyuddh key samay taka birmingham kii teji seey badhati arthavyavastha, isaki badhati aabaadi aur isake parinamswarup samajik gatishilata aur saanskritik bahulvaad key uchch staron ney ise adhik sthaapit kshetron seey bahut alag naee samajik sanrachanaon kaa vikas karate dekhaa thaa. sambandh kathor pitritva aur samanti samaaj key sammaan key bajaay vyaavhaarik vaanijyik sambandhon key ird-gird banaae gaye they, aur sthaapit church aur abhijaat varg key paaramparik padanukram key prati nishtha kamjor thee. raajneetik kattarpanth key liye shahar kii pratishtha aur isaki dridhata seey saansad sahaanubhooti ney 1643 mein birmingham kii ladaai mein shaahi balon dwara hamla kiya, aur yeh 1630 key dashak mein shuddhatavad key kendra key roop mein aur 1660 key dashak seey gair-anurupatavadiyon key liye ack aashray key roop mein vikasit huaa.
18veen shatabdi mein mukt-soch aur sahyog kii iss parampara koo saanskritik ghatana mein khilate hue dekhaa gayaa jise abb madhya bhoomi gyaan key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh shahar saahityik, sangeet, kalaatmak aur naatya gatividhi key ack ullekhaniya kendra key roop mein vikasit huaa aur isake pramukh nagrik-vishesh roop seey birmingham key chandra samaaj key sadasya-europe key bauddhik abhijaat varg key beach daarshanik aur vaigyaanik vichaaron key prasaar mein prabhaavshaali pratibhaagi bunn gaye. prabuddhata key pramukh vicharakon aur isake pramukh nirmaataon key beach ghanishth sambandh-mait bolton aur james kiir jaise purushon mein way aksar ack hii loga they-ney ise shuddh vigyaan aur vinirmaan aur praudyogiki kii vyaavhaarik duniya key beach gyaan key adaan-pradaan key liye vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna banaa diyaa. isane "navachar kii shrinkhala pratikriya" kaa nirmaan kiya, joe pahale kii vaigyaanik kranti aur usake baad aaney vaali audyogik kranti key beach ack mahatvapurna kadee banaa.
audyogik kranti.
birmingham kaa visfotak audyogik vistaar ingland key uttar key kapada-nirmaan shaharon kii tulanaa mein pahale shuru huaa thaa, aur vibhinn karakon seey prerit thaa. cumm vetan vaali arthvyavasthaon key bajaay, utpaadan kii badee, machinikrit ikaaiyon mein kapas yaa oona jaisi ekal thoke vastu kaa utpaadan karane vaale akushal karyabal key paimaane key bajaay, birmingham kaa audyogik vikas shram key ack majboot vibhajan key saath uchch bhugtan vaale karyabal kii anukulansheelta aur rachnaatmaktaa parr banaaya gayaa thaa, kushal visheshagya vyaapaar kii ack vistrit vividhata kaa abhyaas karate hue aur utpaadon kii ack nirantar vividh shrinkhala kaa utpaadan karate hue, ack uchch udyami arthavyavastha mein, aksar swa-swaamitva vaali karyashalaon mein. isane aavishkaarsheelta key asadharan staron koo janm diyaah 1760 aur 1850 key beach-audyogik kranti key mukhya varshon-birmingham key nivaasiyon ney kissy bhee anya british shahar yaa shahar kii tulanaa mein teen gunaa adhik patent panjikrit kiye.
teji seey aarthik vistaar key liye poonji kii maang ney bhee vyaapak antarrashtriya sambandhon key saath ack pramukh vittiya kendra key roop mein vikasit hotey dekhaa. lloyds baink kii sthaapana 1765 mein shahar mein hui thee, aur 1775 mein ketley kii building society, duniya kii pahali building society, 1800 taka paschimi madhya kshetron mein landan sahit britten key kissy bhee anya kshetra kii tulanaa mein prati pramukh adhik banking karyalaya they.
18veen shatabdi key birmingham mein navachar ney aksar maujooda utpaadon yaa prakriyaon mein chhote paimaane parr sudhaar kii vriddhisheel shrinkhala kaa roop leey liya, lekin isamen pramukh vikas bhee shamil they joe audyogik samaaj key udbhav key kendra mein they. 1709 mein birmingham-prashikshit abraham darby aaee ney shropshire mein colbrookdale mein sthanantarit kiya aur cock key saath lauh ayask koo safaltapurvak galaane key liye pahali visfot bhatti kaa nirmaan kiya, jisase gunavatta, matra aur paimaane mein badalaav aaya jiss parr kachcha loha kaa utpaadan karna sambhav thaa. 1732 mein luis paul aur johnn vyaat ney roller kataai kaa aavishkaar kiya, joe machinikrit kapas udyog key vikas mein "pahale mahatva kaa ack nayaa vichaar" thaa. 1741 mein unhone birmingham key oopari priory mein duniya kii pahali kapas mill kholi. 1746 mein johnn robak ney leed chamber prakriya kaa aavishkaar kiya, jisase sulfuric acid kaa badey paimaane parr nirmaan sambhav huaa, aur 1780 mein james kiir ney kshaar key thoke nirmaan key liye ack prakriya vikasit kii, joe aadhunik rasayanik udyog key janm koo chihnit karati haye. 1765 mein mattheau bolton ney soho manufactory kholi, joe "tarksangat nirmaan" key roop mein jaani jaane vaali pranali key madhyam seey pahale seey alag vinirmaan gatividhiyon kii ack chhat key neeche sanyojan aur mashinikaran kaa agrani thaa. europe mein sabse badee vinirmaan ikai key roop mein, yeh karkhane pranali key udbhav kaa prateek bunn gayaa.
haalaanki, sabse mahatvapurna, james vaat aur mattheau bolton dwara 1776 mein audyogik bhaap injan kaa vikas thaa. pahali baar maanav samaaj kii vinirmaan kshamata koo haath, paani aur pashu shakti kii seemit upalabdhata seey mukt karna, yeh yakinan poori audyogik kranti kaa mahatvapurna kshan thaa aur agali shatabdi mein duniya bhar mein utpaadaktaa mein vriddhi kaa ack pramukh kaarak thaa.
regency aur victorian.
19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein raajneetik sudhaar key abhiyaan mein birmingham ney rashtriya raajneetik pramukhta hassil kii, jisamen thomas atwood aur birmingham raajneetik sangh ney 1832 mein mahaan sudhaar adhiniyam key paarit honey seey pahale maee key dinon key dauran desh koo grih yuddh key kagaar parr laa diyaa. 1831 aur 1832 mein newhall pahaadi parr sangh kii baithaken britten kii abb taka kii sabse badee raajneetik sabhaaen theen. lord durham, jinhone adhiniyam kaa masauda taiyar kiya, ney likhaa kii "desh mein sudhaar kaa shreya birmingham koo jaataa haye, aur kranti seey uska uddhaar hotaa haye. 1832 mein "apane aadhar parr visheshaadhikaar key taane-baane koo hilaane" key liye iss pratishtha ney johnn brite koo 1867 key dusare sudhaar adhiniyam key liye apane safal abhiyaan key liye munch banaane key liye prerit kiya, jisane shahari shramik varg koo matdan key adhikaar kaa vistaar kiya.
31 octuber 1838 koo birmingham mein mool charter off incorporation praapt huaa, phir 5 navambar koo town holl mein padhaa gayaa, jisamen 26 disambar koo pahali birmingham town council key liye chunaav hue. solah alderman aur 48 parshadon koo chunaa gayaa aur nagar koo 13 wardon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa. villium scholfield pahale mahapour baney aur villium redfern koo nagar clerk key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa. agale varsh birmingham shahar pulis kii sthaapana kii gaee.
birmingham kii navachar kii parampara 19veen shatabdi taka jaari rahee. birmingham duniya kii pahali dou lambi doori kii railway lines key liye antim sthaan thaah 1837 kaa grand junction railway aur 1838 kaa landan aur birmingham railway. birmingham school key shikshak roland hill ney daak tikat kaa aavishkaar kiya aur 1839 mein pahali aadhunik saarvbhaumik daak pranali kaa nirmaan kiya. alekjendar park ney 1855 mein aabhushan quarter mein pahale maanav nirmit plastic kaa aavishkaar kiya.
1820 key dashak taka, desh kii vyaapak nahar pranali kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, jisase praakritik sansadhanon aur udyogon key liye eendhan taka adhik pahunch hoe gaee thee. victorian yug key dauran, birmingham kii aabaadi teji seey badhkar aadhe million seey adhik hoe gaee aur birmingham ingland mein doosara sabse badaa jansankhya kendra bunn gayaa. birmingham koo 1889 mein raani victoria dwara shahar kaa darja diyaa gayaa thaa. joseph chamberlain, birmingham key meyer aur baad mein ack saansad, aur unake bete neville chamberlain, joe birmingham key lord meyer they aur baad mein british pradhaan mantri, dou sabse prasiddh raajneetik hastiyaan hain joe birmingham mein rahate hain. shahar ney 1900 mein apana vishvavidyalaya sthaapit kiya.
20veen shatabdi aur samkaaleen.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran shahar koo bhaari bumm kshati hui. yeh shahar dou vaigyaanik khojon kaa drishya bhee thaa joe yuddh key parinam key liye mahatvapurna saabit honey vaale they. otto frisch aur rudolf piers ney pahali baar 1940 key frisch-piers gyaapan mein ack vyaavhaarik paramanu hathiyar kaa nirmaan kaise kiya jaa sakata haye, usee varsh jaba radar key pramukh ghatak aur baad mein microwave ovan key guha chumbak kaa aavishkaar johnn randle aur heinry boot dwara kiya gayaa thaa. inn dou khojon kaa vivaran, paas key ragbi mein frank whittle dwara aavishkaar kiye gaye pahale jett injan kii ruprekha key saath, sitambar 1940 mein ack ekal black boxes mein, ack aadhikarik americi itihaaskaar dwara baad mein varnit ack ekal black boxes mein sanyukt raajya america leey jaaya gayaa thaa.
1950 aur 1960 key dashak key dauran shahar kaa badey paimaane parr punarvikas kiya gayaa thaa. isamen badey tower block estate kaa nirmaan shamil thaa, jaise kii mahal ghaati. bail kii angoothi kaa punarnirmaan kiya gayaa aur nae sadak station kaa punarvikas kiya gayaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad key dashakon mein, birmingham kaa jaatiya swaroop kaafee badal gayaa, kyonki ise rashtramandal deshon aur usase aage seey aapravaasan kii laharen mileen. 1951 mein shahar kii aabaadi 1,113,000 nivaasiyon key saath charam parr thee.
1974 mein hue bumm hamalon kii ack shrinkhala mein 21 loga maare gaye aur 182 ghayal hoe gaye, joe kii asthaayi iraa dwara kiye jaane key baare mein socha gayaa thaa. 2005 key landan bumm visfoton taka ingland mein sabse bheeshan aatanki hamale they aur isamen kendriya birmingham mein dou pabon mein bumm lagaae gaye they. chhah logon koo doshi thaharaaya gayaa, jinhen baad mein birmingham six key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa aur jinhen aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee, jinhen appeal kii adalat dwara 16 saal baad burry curr diyaa gayaa. inn doshasiddhi koo abb haal key dinon mein nyaay key sabse kharaab british garbhpaaton mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. hamalon key asli apraadhiyon koo abhee taka giraftar naheen kiya gayaa haye.
1970 key dashak key anta taka birmingham britten kaa sabse samriddh praantiya shahar banaa rhaa, jisamen gharelu aaya landan aur dakshin poorv seey bhee adhik thee, lekin dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad key dashakon mein isaki aarthik vividhata aur punarjanan kii kshamata mein girawat aaee kyonki kendra sarkaar ney shahar key vikas koo pratibandhit karane aur udyog aur aabaadi koo wells aur uttari ingland key thaharaav vaale kshetron mein failaane kii maang kii. inn upaayon ney "birmingham mein vyavsaayon key praakritik aatm-punrutthan mein baadha daali, jisase yeh puraane aur kamjor logon key saath sheersh parr reh gayaa", aur shahar motor udyog parr teji seey nirbhar hoe gayaa. 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein mandee ney birmingham kii arthavyavastha koo dhwast curr diyaa, jisamen berojgari key abhootpoorv star aur shahar key andaruni jilon mein samajik ashanti kaa prakop dekhaa gayaa.
21veen sadee key anta key baad seey, birmingham key kaee hisson mein badalaav aaya haye, jisamen bullering shopping center kaa punarvikas, birmingham key nae pustakalaya (europe mein sabse badaa saarvajanik pustakalaya) kaa nirmaan aur puraane audyogik kshetron jaise kii brindley place, mailbox aur antarrashtriya sammelan kendra key punarjanan key saath-saath aantarik ring road kaa tarksangatkaran bhee shamil haye. 1998 mein birmingham ney 24vein jee8 shikhar sammelan kii mejbani kii. shahar ney 2022 key rashtramandal khelon kii safaltapurvak mejbani kii.
sarkaar.
birmingham nagar parishad europe mein doosari sabse badee sthaaniya pradhikaran haye (kent county parishad key baad) jansankhya key mamle mein yeh shamil haye, jisamen 101 paarshad 2018 taka 77 wardon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. iska mukhyalaya victoria squire mein parishad ghar mein haye. parishad mein laber party kaa bahumat haye aur iska netritva johnn cotton curr rahey hain. maee 2012 key chunaavon mein shram ney pichhale samagr niyantran sthiti koo badal diyaa. 3 juuna 1896 koo later patent dwara birmingham koo lord meyer kaa sammaan aur garima pradaan kii gaee thee.
birmingham key duss sansadiya nirvaachan kshetron kaa pratinidhitva house off commons mein dou roodhivaadi aur aathh laber aim. pee. aiss. dwara kiya jaataa haye.
mool roop seey warwickshire kaa hissa, birmingham kaa vistaar 19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein huaa, jisane dakshin mein worcestershire key kuchh hisson aur uttar aur paschim mein staffordshire koo avashoshit curr liya. shahar ney 1974 mein sutton coldfield koo avashoshit curr liya aur nae paschim midlands county mein ack mahanagariya baro bunn gayaa.
ack sheersh-stariya sarkari nikaay, paschim madhya bhoomi sanyukt pradhikaran, kaa gathan aprail 2016 mein kiya gayaa thaa. doubleu. aim. see. aeye. key paas parivahan, vikas yojana aur aarthik vikas mein vibhajit shaktiyaan hain. pradhikaran landan key mahapour key samaan seedhe nirvaachit mahapour dwara shaasit hotaa haye.
bhugol.
birmingham ingland key paschim madhyabhoomi kshetra key kendra mein birmingham pathaar parr sthit haye-apekshaakrit uchch bhoomi kaa ack kshetra, joe samudra tala seey oopar haye aur britten key mukhya uttar-dakshin jalvibhaajak dwara nadee key besinon key beach paar kiya gayaa haye. shahar key dakshin paschim mein lickie pahaadiyaan, clent pahaadiyaan aur walton pahaadi hain, joe shahar taka pahunchati hain aur shahar key vyaapak drishyon koo darshaati hain. birmingham kewal chhoti nadiyon aur jharanon dwara bahaaya jaataa haye, mukhya roop seey nadee aur isaki sahayak nadiyon cole aur riya.
birmingham shahar dakshin poorv mein solihul key baro key saath ack nagar banaata haye, aur uttar paschim mein wolverhampton shahar aur kaale desh key audyogik shaharon key saath, joe paschim madhya-bhoomi nirmit kshetra koo cover kartaa haye. isake aspas birmingham kaa mahanagariya kshetra haye-vaha kshetra jisamen yeh aarthik roop seey nikatata seey judaa huaa haye-jisamen uttar mein tamworth shahar aur staffordshire mein litchfield shahar shamil haye; coventory shahar aur nuneton, bedworth, whitenash, kenilworth, ragbi, atherstone, kolshil, vaarvik aur leamington spaa key shahar poorv mein warwickshire mein aur dakshin paschim mein redditch aur bromsgrove key versestershire shahar shamil hain.
abb shahar dwara kabja kiye gaye kshetra kaa adhikansh hissa mool roop seey arden key pracheen jangal kaa ack uttari hissa thaa aur shahar badee sankhya mein jilon jaise moosali, saltly, yardley, sterchley aur hockley mein apekshaakrit ghaney oak seey dhakaa huaa haye. inn sthaanon kaa naam, "-lii" mein samaapt honey vaale naamon key saath, purani angreji seey vyutpann-"jiska arth haye" jangal koo saaf karna ", poorv vann key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
bhoovigyaan.
birmingham mein birmingham fault kaa varchasva haye, joe dakshin paschim mein lickie pahaadiyon seey shahar key madhyam seey tirchhe roop seey chalata haye, joe agebeston aur bail ring seey hocker uttar poorv mein erdington aur sutton coldfield taka jaataa haye. fault key dakshin aur poorv mein jameen kaafee hudd taka naram marasiya mitty kaa patthar haye, joe bunter kankad key bistaron key saath faila huaa haye aur nadee kii ghaatiyon, riya aur coley aur unaki sahayak nadiyon dwara paar kiya gayaa haye. fault key uttar aur paschim mein, aspas key kshetra seey adhik aur shahar key kendra key adhikansh hisson key beach, kathin caper balua patthar kii ack lambi katak haye. antarnihit adharshila adhikatar permian aur tricic avadhi key dauran rakhee gaee thee.
iss kshetra mein himnad key bhandar key pramaan hain, jisamen pramukh aniyamit patthar 1900 key dashak kii shuruat mein ack paryatak aakarshan bunn gaye they.
jalavaayu.
birmingham mein ack samshitoshna samudri jalavaayu (copen jalavaayu vargeekaran key anusaar "see. aff. bee") haye, jaise kii adhikansh british dweepon mein, garmiyon (julaai) mein ausat adhikatam tapman key saath; aur sardiyon (janwari) mein aspas hotaa haye. 1971 aur 2000 key beach varsh kaa sabse germ dinn ausatan thaa aur sabse thhandi raat aamtaur parr girati thee. harr saal lagbhag 11.2 dinn tapman yaa usase adhik badh jaataa haye aur 51.6 raaton mein havaa mein paalaa padata haye. agebeston parisar mein darj kiya gayaa uchchatam tapman thaa, jabaki shahar key purvi kinare parr birmingham havaai adde parr darj kiya gayaa thaa, donon 19 julaai 2022 koo darj kiye gaye they.
adhikansh anya badey shaharon kii tarah, birmingham mein kaafee shahari garmi dweep prabhaav haye. 14 janwari 1982 kii sabse thhandi raat key dauran, tapman girkar birmingham havaai adde parr, lekin shahar key kendra key paas agebeston mein darj kiya gayaa.
apane antardeshiya sthaan aur tulanaatmak roop seey uchch oonchaai key kaaran, birmingham anya badey yuu. key. nagaron key saapeksh ack barfila shahar haye. 1961 aur 1990 key beach birmingham havaai adde parr salana ausatan 13 dinn burf girati haye, jabaki landan heathrow mein yeh 5.33 dinn thee. burf kii bauchhar aksar shahar seey hocker uttar-paschimi havaai dhaaraon parr cheshire antaral key madhyam seey gujarati haye, lekin uttar purvi havaai dhaaraon seey uttar samudra seey bhee aaa sakati haye.
charam mausam durlabh haye, lekin shahar koo bunders kaa anubhav karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. 23 navambar 1981 koo, ack record-breaking rashtravyapi bavandar key prakop key dauran, dou bavandar birmingham shahar kii seema key bheetar-erdington aur sellie oak mein-chhah bunders key saath vyaapak paschimi midland county kii seemaon key bheetar neeche chhoo gaye. haal hii mein, shahar key dakshin mein julaai 2005 mein ack vinashkari bavandar aaya, jisase kshetra mein gharon aur vyavsaayon koo nuksan pahuncha.
paryaavaran.
birmingham key bheetar 571 udyaan hain-kissy bhee anya europeeya shahar kii tulanaa mein adhik-saarvajanik khule sthaan parr. shahar mein 60 laakh seey adhik pedh hain, aur shahari jharanon aur dhaaraon key hain. shahar key uttar mein sthit sutton park europe kaa sabse badaa shahari udyaan haye aur ack rashtriya prakriti aarakshit kshetra haye. shahar key kendra key karib sthit birmingham vanaspati udyaan, jey dwara apane mool design key regency paridrishya koo barkarar rakhta haye. see. 1829 mein laudon, jabaki agebeston mein winterbourne vanaspati udyaan apane adverdian mool key adhik anaupchaarik kalaa aur shilp swaad koo darshaata haye.
baro key bheetar kaee harey sthaanon koo vyaapak paschimi madhyabhoomi harey kshetra key ack hisse key roop mein harey kshetra key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa haye. yeh ack ranneetik sthaaniya sarkaar kii neeti haye jiska upayog shahari failaav koo rokane aur harit kshetra bhoomi koo sanrakshit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. uparokt kshetra shamil hain-uparokt sutton park; sutton coldfield, walle aur minworth upnagaron dwara baro seema key saath bhoomi; kingfisher, sheldon, woodgate valley country park; wake green football club dwara maidan; bartley aur frankley jalaashay; aur aspas key golf course key saath handsworth kabristan.
birmingham mein vanyajeevon key kaee kshetra hain joe anaupchaarik donon settings mein sthit hain jaise kii project kingfisher aur woodgate valley country park aur lickie hills country park, paipe hays park aur newhall valley, handsworth park, kings heath park aur cannon hill park jaise udyaanon key chayan mein, baad vaale mein mini chidiyaghar, birmingham vanyajeev sanrakshan park bhee haye.
jansankhyiki.
2021 kii janganana mein birmingham mein rahane vaale logon kii sankhya darj kii gaee, joe 2011 seey lagbhag 6.7% kii vriddhi haye jaba shahar mein rahane vaale logon kii sankhya darj kii gaee thee. inmein seey lagbhag 305,688 yaa 26.7% videshi mool key they, jisase yeh europe mein sabse badee pravaasi aabaadi vaalaa shahar bunn gayaa. birmingham landan key baahar britten kaa sabse badaa sthaaniya pradhikaran kshetra aur shahar haye. badhate audyogikaran ney birmingham kii aabaadi koo badhaa diyaa. 1520 key dashak mein yeh shahar lagbhag 1,000 kii aabaadi key saath warwickshire mein teesara sabse badaa shahar thaa-dou shataabdiyon pahale kii sthiti seey thodi see sthiti badal gaee thee. 1700 taka birmingham kii aabaadi pandrah gunaa badh gaee thee aur yeh shahar ingland aur wells mein paanchvaan sabse badaa shahar thaa. 1700 aur 1750 key beach birmingham kii aabaadi chaar gunaa hoe gaee.-birmingham pahale seey hii ingland kaa teesara sabse adhik aabaadi vaalaa shahar thaa, joe landan aur bristol key puraane dakshini bandargaahon seey chhota thaa aur apane kissy bhee pratidvandi kii tulanaa mein teji seey badh rhaa thaa. shahar kii aabaadi shuru mein 1951 mein 1,113,000 nivaasiyon parr charam parr thee, 2021 mein paar honey seey pahale.
sthaaniya sarkari jilon key liye anumaanit karyatmak shahar-kshetra kaa ack eurostat maap, birmingham badaa shahari kshetra, 2004 mein 2,357,100 kii aabaadi haye. birmingham key alawa, luz mein dudley, sandwell, solihul aur walsal key mahanagariya kshetra shamil hain, saath hii saath litchfield, tamworth, north warwickshire aur bromsgrove key jile bhee shamil hain.
jaatiya samooh.
2021 kii janganana key aankadon key anusaar, aabaadi kaa 48.7% safed thaa (42.9% safed british, 1.5% safed ayrish, 4% anya safed, 0.2% rome, 0.1% ayrish yatri), 31% asiai they (17.0% pakistani, 5.8% bhaaratiya, 4.2% bangladeshi, 1.1% cheeni, 2.9% anya asiai), 10.9% kaale they (5.8% african, 3.9% carribean, 1.2% anya kaale), 4.8% mishrit jaati (2.2% safed aur kaale african, 1.1% safed aur asiai, 1.1% anya mishrit), 1.7% arab aur 4.6% anya jaatiya viraasat.
2021 kii janganana seey pataa chalaa kii aabaadi kaa 26.7% britten key baahar paida huaa thaa, 2011 seey 4.5 pratishat ankon kii vriddhi. aankadon seey pataa chalaa kii birmingham mein rahane vaale paanch sabse badey videshi-janit samooh pakistan, bhaarat, bangladesh, romania aur jamaika mein paida hue they.
2011 mein, praathamik chhatron kaa 57 pratishat aur maadhyamik chhatron kaa 52 pratishat gair-shwet british parivaaron seey they. 2021 taka, birmingham mein schooly chhatron mein seey 31.6% safed they, 37.7% asiai they, 12.6% kaale they, 9.7% mishrit jaati key they aur 8.4% anya they.
ayu sanrachana aur ausat ayu.
birmingham mein, aabaadi kaa 65.9% 15 aur 64 key beach thaa, joe ingland aur wells mein 64.1% key rashtriya ausat kii tulanaa mein adhik thaa. isake alawa, jansankhya kaa 20.9% 15 varsh seey adhik ayu kaa thaa, joe kii 17.4% key rashtriya ausat seey adhik thaa, jabaki 65 varsh seey adhik ayu kii jansankhya 13.1% thee, joe kramshah 18.6% key rashtriya ausat seey cumm thee. birmingham europe key sabse cumm umr key shaharon mein seey ack haye, jisaki 40 pratishat aabaadi 25 varsh seey cumm ayu kii haye aur ausat ayu 34 varsh haye, joe rashtriya ausat 40 seey cumm haye.
dharm.
isai dharm birmingham key bheetar sabse badaa dharm haye, jisamen 2021 kii janganana mein 34 pratishat nivaasiyon ney isai key roop mein pehchaan kii haye. shahar kii dhaarmik profile atyadhik vividh haih landan key baahar, birmingham mein sanyukt raajya kaa sabse badaa muslim, sikh aur bauddh samudaay haye; iska doosara sabse badaa hindu samudaay; aur iska satwan sabse badaa yahudi samudaay haye. 2001, 2011 aur 2021 kii janganana key beach, birmingham mein isaaiyon kaa anupaat 59.1% seey ghatkar 46.1% hoe gayaa, jabaki musalmaanon kaa anupaat 14.3% seey badhkar 21.8% seey badhkar 29.9% hoe gayaa aur binaa kissy dhaarmik sambaddhata vaale logon kaa anupaat 12.4% seey badhkar 19.3% seey 24.1% hoe gayaa. anya sabhi dharm aanupaatik roop seey samaan rahey.
sent phillips cathedral koo church kii sthiti seey unnat kiya gayaa thaa jaba 1905 mein birmingham kaa anglican diosis banaaya gayaa thaa. dou anya cathedral hainh sent chads, birmingham key roman catholic archdiosis kii seat aur bhagwan aur stru kii maan key shayankaksh kaa greek orthodox cathedral. madhya bhoomi kaa coptic orthodox diosis bhee birmingham mein sthit haye, jisamen ack cathedral nirmanadhin haye. birmingham kaa mool parrish church, bail ring mein sent martin, grade II * soochibaddh haye. paanch tarikon seey ack chhoti doori parr birmingham vakchaturya 1910 mein cardinal neuman kii mool neenv key sthal parr puuraa kiya gayaa thaa. shahar mein kaee christadelphian sabhaa kaksh hain aur christadelphian patrika aur prakaashan samooh kaa mukhyalaya holl green mein haye.
birmingham mein sabse purana jeevit aradhanalaya 1825 kaa yunani punruddhar seavern street aradhanalaya haye, joe abb ack freemason lodge holl haye. ise 1856 mein grade II * soochibaddh gaayak pahaadi aradhanalaya dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. europe kii sabse badee masjidon mein seey ack, birmingham kendriya masjid kaa nirmaan 1960 key dashak mein kiya gayaa thaa. 1990 key dashak key anta mein ghamkol sharif masjid koo chhote aakar mein banaaya gayaa thaa. guru naanak nishakam sevak jattha sikh gurudwara 1970 key dashak key anta mein haathon mein soho road parr banaaya gayaa thaa aur 1990 key dashak mein agebeston jalaashay key paas therwad bauddh dhamm talka shaanti pagoda banaaya gayaa thaa. vijetaon kaa chappel bhee digbeth mein bhautik upasthiti banaae rakhta haye.
arthavyavastha.
birmingham vinirmaan aur engineering key kendra key roop mein pramukhta seey vikasit huaa. gunn quarter shahar kaa ack jilaa haye joe kaee varshon seey duniya key bandook nirmaan udyog kaa kendra thaa. birmingham mein pahali baar darj bandook nirmaata 1630 mein thee, aur sthaaniya roop seey banaai gaee bandookon kaa upayog angreji grihyuddh mein kiya gayaa thaa. gunn quarter shahar key kendra key uttar mein ack audyogik kshetra haye, joe steelhouse laine, shadwell street aur lavade street seey ghiraa huaa haye, joe sainya agneyastron aur khel bandookon key utpaadan mein visheshagyata rakhta haye. kshetra mein kaee imaraton kaa upayog naheen kiya gayaa haye, lekin shadwell street aur vesi street sahit punarvikas key liye yojanaaen hain.
birmingham kii arthavyavastha mein seva kshetra kaa varchasva haye, joe 2012 mein shahar key rojgar kaa 88 pratishat thaa. saarvajanik prashaasan, shiksha aur swaasthya mein rojgar key liye birmingham grate britten kaa sabse badaa kendra haye; aur vittiya aur anya vyaavsaayik sevaaon mein rojgar key liye landan key baahar doosara sabse badaa kendra haye. vyaapak mahanagariya arthavyavastha united kingdam mein doosari sabse badee arthavyavastha haye, jiska sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) $121.1 billion (2014 kaa anuman, ppp) haye. birmingham mein mukhyalaya vaali pramukh companiyon mein engineering company aaee. aim. aaee. pee. ell. see., national express, petisari valery, clares aur mitchels aind butler shamil hain; jisamen vyaapak mahanagariya kshetra bhee shamil haye, shahar mein landan aur dakshin poorv key baahar pramukh companiyon kii sabse badee sandrata haye. jimshark aur severn trent watter key liye mukhyalaya kii mejbani karna. rashtriya pradarshani kendra aur antarrashtriya sammelan kendra jaisi pramukh suvidhaon key saath, birmingham britten key kull sammelan aur pradarshani vyaapaar kaa 42 pratishat aakarshit kartaa haye.
2012 mein, birmingham mein vinirmaan kaa yogdan 8 pratishat thaa, joe poore britten key ausat seey cumm thaa. shahar key pramukh audyogik sanyantron mein casal bromwich mein jaguar laind rover aur bournville mein cadbury shamil hain, jisamen badey sthaaniya utpaadak bhee sateek-adharit chhote nirmaataon aur shilp udyogon kii aapoorti shrinkhala kaa samarthan karate hain. adhik paaramparik udyog bhee baney hue hainh britten mein baney aabhushanon kaa 40 pratishat abhee bhee shahar key aabhushan timahi key 300 swatantra nirmaataon dwara utpaadit kiya jaataa haye, joe 1308 mein birmingham mein pahali baar darj kiya gayaa vyaapaar jaari rakhta haye.
2015 mein birmingham kaa jee. vee. aeye. 24.8 arab pound honey kaa anuman thaa, 2013 aur 2015 key beach pratyek lagaatar varsh aarthik vikas mein teji aaee, aur 2015 mein 4.2% kii vaarshik vriddhi key saath, jee. vee. aeye. prati vyakti ingland key aathh "mukhya shaharon" kii doosari sabse tej darr seey badhaa. 1997 aur 2010 key beach shahar mein vinirmaan utpaadan key moolya mein vaastavik roop seey 21 pratishat kii girawat aaee, lekin vittiya aur beema gatividhiyon kaa moolya dogune seey bhee adhik hoe gayaa. 2013 key dauran panjikrit 16,281 start-ups key saath, birmingham mein landan key baahar udyamsheelta gatividhi kaa uchchatam star haye, jabaki 2016 key dauran shahar mein panjikrit vyavsaayon kii sankhya mein 8.1% kii vriddhi hui. 2010 aur 2013 key beach niji kshetra mein rojgar srijan key liye birmingham kewal landan aur edinberg seey peechhe thaa.
birmingham mein aarthik asamaanta kissy bhee anya pramukh angreji shahar kii tulanaa mein adhik haye, joe kewal united kingdam mein glassgo seey adhik haye. desh mein berojgari kaa star sabse adhik haye, jisamen aarthik roop seey sakriya aabaadi kaa 10 pratishat berojgar haye (juuna 2016). shahar key ander key wardon mein aashcharyajanak aur dhone kii lakadi key kaaran yeh aankada 30 pratishat seey adhik haye. birmingham kii dou-paanchvin aabaadi ingland key 10 pratishat sabse vanchit hisson mein vargeekrit kshetron mein rahati haye, aur kull milakar birmingham aaya aur rojgar kii kamee key mamle mein ingland mein sabse adhik vanchit sthaaniya pradhikaran haye. shahar kii shishu mrityu darr uchch haye, joe rashtriya ausat seey lagbhag 60 pratishat adhik haye. iss beach, rashtriya star parr 65 pratishat kii tulanaa mein kewal 49 pratishat mahilaaon key paas naukari haye, aur birmingham mein kaam karane kii umr kii aabaadi key kewal 28 pratishat key paas degree star kii yogyata haye, jabaki anya mukhya shaharon mein ausat 34 pratishat haye.
2014 key mercer quality off leaving sarvekshan key anusaar, birmingham koo duniya mein 51vein sthaan parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, joe kii britten mein doosari sabse badee rating thee. shahar kii jeevan gunavatta mein pichhale kuchh varshon seey sudhaar jaari haye aur 2019 key sarvekshan mein birmingham duniya mein 49vein sthaan parr thaa. yeh pahali baar haye jaba yeh sheersh 50 mein shamil kiya gayaa haye. 2008 kii badee shahar yojana kaa uddeshya 2026 taka shahar koo soochkaank key sheersh 20 mein leey jaanaa haye. shahar key ack kshetra koo ack udyam kshetra naamit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen curr raahat aur nivesh koo aakarshit karane key liye saral yojana haye.
2019 key sampatti nivesh anusandhaan key anusaar, birmingham koo "britten mein sampatti mein nivesh karane key liye sabse achche sthaanon" key liye number ack sthaan key roop mein mulyankan kiya gayaa haye. iska shreya gharon kii kimaton mein 5 pratishat kii vriddhi aur buniyaadi dhaanche mein sthaaniya nivesh koo diyaa gayaa thaa.
sanskriti.
sangeet.
birmingham symphany orchestra kaa shahar kaa grih sthal symphany holl haye. shahar mein sthit anya ullekhaniya peshevar vaadyavrind mein birmingham samkaaleen sangeet samooh, shaahi baile synphonia aur aiks cathedra, ack barok kaksh gaayak aur avadhi vaadya vaadyayantra shamil hain. huns kaa vaadyayantra birmingham town holl mein nivasi kaksh vaadyayantra haye, jahan 1834 seey shahar key organist dwara saptahik gaayan bhee kiya jaataa rhaa haye.
birmingham traivaarshik sangeet samaroh 1784 seey 1912 taka hue. sangeet vishesh roop seey mendelsohan, gaunod, sullivan, dworak, bantuck aur edward elgar dwara rachit, sanchaalit yaa prastut kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone birmingham key liye apane chaar sabse prasiddh coral tukade likhe they. elgar key "dha dream off gerontius" kaa pradarshan 1900 mein shuru huaa thaa. shahar mein paida hue sangeetkaron mein albert villium ketalbe aur andreau glover shamil hain.
shahar mein 1920 key dashak seey jaiz lokpriya rhaa haye, aur kaee niyamit tyohar hain jaise kii harmonic utsav, jyaadaatar jaiz utsav aur vaarshik antarrashtriya jaiz utsav.
birmingham key anya shahar-kendra sangeet sthalon mein erena birmingham (jise pahale rashtriya indor kshetra aur barclacard kshetra key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa) shamil haye, jise 1991 mein khola gayaa thaa, bristol street parr oh2 akadami, joe sitambar 2009 mein dell aind mein oh2 akadami kii jagah parr kholi gaee thee, cbso center, 1997 mein khola gayaa thaa, digbeth mein hmv sansthaan aur royal birmingham conservatoir mein bradshaw holl shamil hain.
1960 key dashak key dauran, birmingham ack sangeet drishya kaa ghar thaa jisaki tulanaa liverpool seey kii jaa sakati thee. yeh "sangeet gatividhi kaa ack badaa kadaahi" thaa, aur iss kadam, spensor davis samooh, moody blues, traffic aur electric light orchestra jaise samoohon kii antarrashtriya safalata kaa saamoohik prabhaav 1970 key dashak aur usase aage taka faila thaa. yeh shahar praarambhik bhaari dhaatu sangeet kaa kendra thaa, jisamen 1960 aur 1970 key dashak key anta seey agrani dhaatu baind jaise kii black sabbath, judus paadari aur aadhaa leed zepelin birmingham seey aaya thaa. agale dashak mein shahar seey prabhaavshaali dhaatu baind nappelm death aur godflash key saath-saath aashirvaad aur baad mein atyadhik kaali mrityu dhaatu adhiniyam enal nathrakh kaa uday huaa. 1992 seey prabhaavshaali antim sanskar doom baind goodh upa-shally mein kaam curr rhaa haye. birmingham 1960 key dashak mein aadhunik bhangda kaa janmasthan thaa, aur 1980 key dashak taka bhangda sanskriti key vaishvik kendra key roop mein sthaapit hoe gayaa thaa, jise loss angils seey singapur taka duniya bhar mein bhaaratiya pravasiyon key sadasyon dwara vaishvik ghatana key roop mein apanaaya gayaa haye. 1970 key dashak mein steel puls, yubi40, sangeetmay yuva, beat aur beshara jaise baind key saath shahar mein rege aur skaa kaa uday bhee dekhaa gayaa, joe raajneetik roop seey vampanthi geeton aur bahujaatiya line-upp key saath nasleeya ekataa koo ujagar kartaa haye, joe usa samay birmingham mein samajik dhaaraon koo pratibimbit kartaa haye.
birmingham key anya lokpriya baindon mein durran durran, johnny fauren, badhiya yuva narbhakshi, mahsoos, prasaran, samudra rung drishya, sadaken, twang, king adora, dexis midnite runner aur magnum shamil hain. sangeetkaar jeff linn, ozzy ausborne, tonny eomi, bill ward, geiser butler, johnn lodge, roy wood, johnn armtrading, toya wilcox, denny laine, suksinder shinda, apaache indian, steve winwood, jamelia, mahasagaron ney alaska, fife doserfield aur laura mwula koo khaaya, sabhi shahar mein badey hue.
2012 key baad seey digbeth-adharit bee-town indee sangeet drishya ney vyaapak dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye, jisake netritva mein shaanti aur gahari tairane jaise baind hain, jisamen "aine. aim. ee" ney digbeth kii tulanaa landan key shordich seey kii haye, aur 2012 mein "swatantra" lekhan haye kii "birmingham teji seey sabse romanchak nae sangeet koo dekhane key liye yuke mein sabse achchi jagah bunn rhaa haye."
rangmanch aur pradarshan kalaa.
birmingham repertory theatre britten kaa sabse lambe samay taka sthaapit nirmaata theatre haye, joe shatabdi chauk parr apane teen auditoria mein vibhinn prakaar key kaam prastut kartaa haye aur rashtriya aur antarrashtriya star parr daura kartaa haye. shahar key anya nirmaan theatres mein aabhushan quarter mein neela narangi rung kaa theatre shamil haye; purana pratinidhi, birmingham munch company kaa gharelu munch; aur @aeye. ee. harris, praayogik stann kaife theatre company kaa aadhar, ack kaam karane vaale dhaatu nirmaataon key karkhane key bheetar sthit haye. paryatan rangmanch companiyon mein raajneetik roop seey kattarpanthi banner theatre, maverick theatre company aur kindle theatre shamil hain. alekjendra theatre aur birmingham hippodrome badey paimaane parr paryatan prastutiyon kii mejbani karate hain, jabaki peshevar naatak shahar bhar mein kaee charanon mein pradarshan kiya jaataa haye, jisamen ardhchandra theatre, custard factory, purana sanyukt stock theatre, drum inn ast aur cannon hill park mein "mack" shamil hain.
birmingham royal baile united kingdam kii paanch pramukh baile companiyon mein seey ack haye aur landan key baahar sthit teen mein seey ack haye. yeh birmingham hippodrome mein rahata haye aur rashtriya aur antarrashtriya star parr badey paimaane parr daura kartaa haye. company kaa sambaddh baile school-agebeston mein nritya key liye elmhurst school-desh kaa sabse purana vyaavsaayik nritya school haye.
kalaatmak nirdeshak graham wick key tahat birmingham opera company ney apane avant-garde prastutiyon key liye ack antarrashtriya pratishtha vikasit kii haye, joe aksar karkhanon, parityakt imaraton aur shahar key aspas anya sthaanon mein hoti haye. velsh rashtriya opera aur anya daura karane vaali opera companiyon dwara adhik paaramparik season niyamit roop seey birmingham hippodrome mein hotey hain.
landan key baahar pahala samarpit comedy club, gully club, 1994 mein arcadian center, city center mein khola gayaa thaa, aur pramukh kshetriya, rashtriya aur antarrashtriya krityon dwara pradarshanon kii mejbani karna jaari rakhta haye.
saahitya.
birmingham seey judee saahityik hastiyon mein saimuel johnson shamil hain joe thode samay key liye birmingham mein rahey aur paas key litchfield mein paida hue they. arther connon doil ney birmingham key aashcharyajanak kshetra mein kaam kiya, jabaki kavi luis mcniss chhah saal taka birmingham mein rahey. yeh birmingham mein rahane key dauran thaa kii americi lekhak washington irving ney apani kaee sabse prasiddh saahityik kritiyon kaa nirmaan kiya, jaise kii "bracebridge holl" aur "dha humourists, aeye medley" joe aashcharyajanak holl parr adharit hain, saath hii "dha leasand off sleepy hollo" aur "rip vaine winkle".
kavi doubleu. aich. auden shahar key harbourne kshetra mein paley-badhe aur 1930 key dashak key dauran birmingham vishvavidyalaya key vyakhyata luis mcniss key saath auden samooh kaa mool gathan kiya. birmingham seey judey anya prabhaavshaali kaviyon mein roee kwabena, joe shahar key chhathe kavi puraskar vijeta they, aur benjamin zefania, joe shahar mein paida hue they, shamil hain.
lekhak jey. aar. aar. tolkin kaa paalan-poshan birmingham key raajaon key swaasthya kshetra mein kiya gayaa thaa. puraskar vijeta raajneetik natakkar david edger kaa janm birmingham mein huaa thaa, aur vigyaan kathaa lekhak johnn windham ney apana praarambhik bachpan shahar key agebeston kshetra mein bitaaya thaa.
david lodge, zim crace, jonathan koo, joel laine aur judith cuttler sahit sthaaniya lekhakon key saath birmingham mein ack jeevant samkaaleen saahityik drishya haye. shahar kaa pramukh samkaaleen saahityik prakaashak tindle street press haye, jisake lekhakon mein puraskar vijeta upanyaskar catherine oh 'flin, clair moral aur austin clark shamil hain.
kalaa aur design.
1760 key dashak mein daniele bandhan key saath paridrishya kalakaron kaa birmingham school ubhara aur 19 veen shatabdi key madhya taka banaa rhaa. isaki sabse mahatvapurna aakriti david cox thee, jinake baad key kaam unhein prabhaavvaad kaa ack mahatvapurna agradoot banaate hain. kalakaron key shaahi birmingham samaaj aur birmingham school off art key prabhaav ney birmingham koo victorian kalaa kaa ack mahatvapurna kendra banaa diyaa, vishesh roop seey poorv-graphalite aur kalaa aur shilp andolanon key bheetar. pramukh hastiyon mein poorv-graphalite aur prateek edward burney-johns shamil they; walter langley, nae school chitrakaron mein seey pahala; aur joseph southall, kalakaron aur shilpkaron key samooh key netaa jinhen birmingham samooh key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
birmingham ativaastavaadi 1930 key dashak mein britten mein "atiyathaarthvaad key agraduton" mein seey they aur 1940 key dashak mein andolan key sabse sakriya sadasyon mein seey they, jabaki shahar seey judey adhik amoort kalakaron mein lii baink mein janme david bomberg aur kobra sadasya villium gear shamil they. birmingham kalakar kalaa mein yuddh key baad key kaee vikas mein pramukh theh peater phillips popp kalaa key janm mein kendriya hastiyon mein seey they; johnn salt photo-yathaarthvaad key agraduton mein ekmatra pramukh europeeya vyakti they; aur black art samooh ney kaale british pehchaan kii rajneeti aur sanskriti kii jaanch karane key liye chitrakala, kolaj aur multimedia kaa upayog kiya. shahar key samkaaleen kalakaron mein turner puraskar vijeta gillion paridhan aur turner puraskar key liye chune gaye kalakar richard billingham, johnn walker, roser hiern aur vaichaarik kalakar pogus seasure shamil hain, jinake kaam koo victoria aur albert sangrahalaya, rashtriya chitra gallery, wolverhampton kalaa gallery aur birmingham sangrahalaya aur kalaa gallery dwara adhigrahit kiya gayaa haye.
ack vinirmaan aur mudran kendra key roop mein birmingham kii bhoomika ney graphic design aur utpaad design kii majboot sthaaniya paramparaon kaa samarthan kiya haye. birmingham designers dwara pratishthit karyon mein tokri key font, ruskin pottery, ekme thunder ct, odean cinema kii art deco branding aur mini shamil hain.
sangrahalaya aur deerghaaen.
birmingham mein dou pramukh saarvajanik kalaa sangrah hain. birmingham sangrahalaya aur kalaa deergha poorv-graphalites dwara apane karyon key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, joe "utkrisht mahatva kaa sangrah" haye. isamen puraane guruon kaa ack mahatvapurna chayan bhee haye-jisamen bellini, rubens, canalto aur clod key pramukh kaary shamil hain-aur vishesh roop seey 17 veen shatabdi kii italvi barok painting aur angreji jall rangon kaa majboot sangrah haye. isaki design holdings mein europe key pramukh cheeni mitty key bartan aur maheen dhaatu key kaam shamil hain. agebeston mein naaee lalit kalaa sansthaan duniya kii sabse achchi chhoti kalaa deerghaon mein seey ack haye, jisamen 13veen shatabdi seey laker aaj taka paschimi kalaa kaa pratinidhitva karane vaali asadharan gunavatta kaa sangrah haye.
birmingham museum trust shahar mein anya sangrahalaya chalaata haye jinamen ast holl, blexley holl, jewellery quarter kaa sangrahalaya, soho house aur serhole mill shamil hain. birmingham back too back shahar mein back-too-back gharon kaa antim jeevit adalat haye. cadbury worled ack sangrahalaya haye joe agantukon koo chocolet utpaadan key charanon aur charanon aur chocolet aur company key itihas koo darshaata haye. econ gallery samkaaleen kalaa key pradarshan kii mejbani karati haye, jaisa kii poorv kii or kii pariyojanaaen karati hain.
thinktank birmingham kaa mukhya vigyaan sangrahalaya haye, jisamen ack vishal screen cinema, ack taramandal aur ack sangrah haye jisamen "smethwick injan" shamil haye, joe duniya kaa sabse purana kaam karane vaalaa bhaap injan haye. anya vigyaan-adharit sangrahalayon mein brindley place mein rashtriya samudri jeevan kendra, birmingham vishvavidyalaya mein bhoovigyaan kaa lapworth sangrahalaya aur winson green mein prithvi paryaavaran shiksha kendra shamil hain.
raatri jeevan.
birmingham mein raatri jeevan mukhya roop seey chaudi sadak aur brindley place mein kendrit haye. haalaanki haal key varshon mein, kaee clubon key bund honey key kaaran broad street ney apani lokpriyata khou dee haye; arcadian abb raatri jeevan key mamle mein adhik lokpriya haye. chaude sadak kshetra key baahar kaee stylish aur bhoomigat sthaan hain. custard factory mein medicine baar, aich. aim. vee. institute, indradhanush pub aur air badey club aur dibbeth mein baar hain. cheeni quarter key aspas arcadian aur hurst street gey village jaise kshetra hain, joe baar aur clubon seey bharey hue hain. grishmakaaleen pankti, mailbox, bristol street mein oh2 akadami, snobbs night club, sent phillips/colmore pankti, sent paul varg aur aabhushan quarter sabhi mein ack jeevant raatri jeevan haye. ayrish quarter mein dair raat key kaee pub hain. shahar key kendra key baahar natchels power station key poorv sthal parr starr city entertainment complexes haye.
tyauhar.
birmingham kaee rashtriya, dhaarmik aur saanskritik tyohaaron kaa ghar haye, jisamen ack sent bhee shamil haye. george day party. shahar kaa sabse badaa ekal-divasiya karyakram iska sent haye. patrick divas pared (doublin key baad europe kii doosari sabse badee). nauka bais ack bangali nauka daud utsav haye joe birmingham mein salana aayojit kiya jaataa haye. yeh paschimi madhyabhoomi mein ack pramukh saanskritik karyakram haye, joe naa kewal bangladeshi pravasiyon koo balki vibhinn sanskritiyon koo bhee aakarshit kartaa haye. yeh united kingdam mein sabse badee prakaar kii naav daud bhee haye. anya bahusaanskritik karyakramon mein bangla mella aur vaisakhi mella shamil hain. birmingham heritage festival agast mein ack mardy grass shally kaa ayojan haye. carabian aur african sanskriti koo buss chalakon dwara pared aur sadak pradarshan key saath manaaya jaataa haye. carribean-shally kaa birmingham antarrashtriya carnival visham-sankhya vaale varshon mein hotaa haye.
britten kaa sabse badaa dou divasiya samlaingik gaurav birmingham garv (lgbt utsav) haye, joe aamtaur parr maee mein vasant baink avkash saptahant parr aayojit kiya jaataa haye. birmingham key samlaingik jile kii sadakon parr ack carnival pared, live sangeet, deeje key saath ack nritya kshetra, cabrey munch, mahilaaon kaa kshetra aur ack samudayik gaanv haye. birmingham garv samlaingik gaanv mein hotaa haye. 1997 seey disambar 2006 taka, shahar ney ack vaarshik kalaa mahotsav, artsfest kii mejbani kii, joe usa samay britten mein sabse badaa mukt kalaa mahotsav thaa.
birmingham taitu rashtriya indor kshetra mein salana aayojit ack lambe samay seey chalaa aaa rhaa sainya show haye.
birmingham comedy festival (2001 seey; octuber mein 10 dinn), peater key, fast show, jimi kaar, lii evance aur lenny heinry jaise krityon dwara pramukh rhaa haye.
2001 seey, birmingham frankfurt chrismus bajar kii mejbani curr rhaa haye. apane german samkaksh key model parr, yeh britten kaa sabse badaa outdoor chrismus bajar bunn gayaa haye aur germany aur austriya key baahar sabse badaa german bajar haye, joe 2010 mein 3.1 laakh seey adhik agantukon aur 2011 mein 5 million seey adhik agantukon koo aakarshit kartaa haye.
dvivaarshik birmingham antarrashtriya nritya mahotsav (bee. dee. aff.) 2008 mein shuru huaa, jiska ayojan nritya vinimay dwara kiya gayaa aur jisamen shahar bhar mein indor aur outdoor sthal shamil they.
shahar key anya tyohaaron mein birmingham antarrashtriya jaiz utsav, mosley lock aur kalaa utsav aur jyaadaatar jaiz utsav shamil hain.
bhojan aur peya.
ack vaanijyik shahar key roop mein birmingham kaa vikas mool roop seey krishi upaj key liye apane bajar key aspas adharit thaa, jise 1166 mein shaahi charter dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. baad kii shataabdiyon key audyogikaran key bavjood iss bhoomika koo barkarar rakhaa gayaa haye aur birmingham thoke bajar desh mein sabse badey sanyukt thoke khaadya bajar baney hue hain, joe maans, machhali, phal, sabjiyan aur phool bechate hain aur restaraan maalikon aur swatantra khudra vikretaon koo door taka taaja upaj kii aapoorti karate hain.
birmingham landan key baahar ekmatra shahar haye jahan paanch michelin starr restaraan hainh agebeston mein simpson, mosley key carter, aur shahar key kendra mein pernel, opim aur addam.
birmingham sthit sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyon mein encels, devenport aur mitchels aind butler shamil they. vartamaan mein kissy bhee mahatvapurna aakar kaa ekmatra sharaab banaane kaa karkhana aashcharyajanak manner sharaab banaane kaa karkhana haye. kaee behtareen victorian pub aur baar abhee bhee shahar bhar mein paae jaa sakate hain, jabaki adhik aadhunik night club aur baar bhee hain, vishesh roop seey chaudi sadak key saath.
wing yip khaadya samrajya kii shuruat pahale shahar mein hui thee aur abb iska mukhyalaya natchels mein haye. shahar mein ack prakaar kii curry, balty kaa aavishkaar kiya gayaa thaa, jise 'balty belt' yaa 'balty trikon' key liye bahut prashansa millie haye. birmingham mein utpann honey vaale prasiddh khaadya brandon mein typhu chaay, burd custard, cadbury chocolet aur hp saus shamil hain.
birmingham mein ack sampann swatantra aur karigar khaadya kshetra bhee haye, jisamen dou towers jaise sookshm sharaab banaane kii ikaaiyaan aur rotty jaisi saamoohik bekari shamil hain. haal key varshon mein inn vyavsaayon koo kisaanon key baajaron, lokpriya sadak khaadya karyakramon aur khaadya samarohon mein teji seey pradarshit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen birmingham swatantra khaadya mella bhee shamil haye.
manoranjan aur avkash.
birmingham mein kaee manoranjan aur avkash sthal hain, jinamen europe kaa sabse badaa avkash aur manoranjan parisar starr city key saath-saath europe kaa pahala shahar-kendra seey baahar manoranjan aur avkash parisar resorts shamil hain, joe kii gent samooh key swaamitva mein haye. mailbox joe adhik samriddh grahakon kii jarooraton koo puuraa kartaa haye, shahar key bheetar sthit haye.
vastukala.
birmingham mukhya roop seey 18veen, 19veen aur 20veen shatabdi kaa ack utpaad haye; iska vikas audyogik kranti key dauran shuru huaa. natijatan, apekshaakrit kuchh imaaraten isake pahale key itihas seey bachati hain aur joe sanrakshit hain. birmingham mein 1,946 soochibaddh imaaraten aur terah anusoochit pracheen smaarak hain. birmingham nagar parishad una imaraton key liye sthaaniya roop seey soochibaddh karane kii yojana bhee sanchaalit karati haye joe poori tarah seey vaidhaanik roop seey soochibaddh sthiti key maandandon koo puuraa naheen karati hain.
madhyayugeen birmingham key nishan sabse puraane churchon mein dekhe jaa sakate hain, vishesh roop seey mool parrish church, bail kii angoothi mein sent martin. madhyayugeen aur tudor kaal kii kuchh anya imaaraten jeevit hain, jinamen "laine mein ladka" aur "purana mukut", 15 veen shatabdi kaa "sarasen kaa pramukh" saarvajanik ghar aur kings norton aur blexley holl mein purana vyaakaran school shamil hain.
sent phillips cathedral, soho house, perot kii moorkhata, town holl aur sent paul key varg key adhikansh hisse sahit kaee georgia kii imaaraten jeevit hain. victorian yug mein shahar bhar mein vyaapak imaaraten dekhi gaeen. victoria kaanoon adalaton (vishisht laal eent aur terracotta mein), parishad ghar aur sangrahalaya aur kalaa deergha jaisi pramukh nagrik imaraton kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. sent chaad kaa cathedral sudhaar key baad seey britten mein banaaya jaane vaalaa pahala roman catholic cathedral thaa. shahar bhar mein, audyogik shramikon koo ghar dene kii aavashyakta ney meelon kii doori taka laal eenton vaali sadakon aur chhaton koo janm diyaa, kaee ghar ack key baad ack, jinamen seey kuchh baad mein shahar key bheetari jhuggiyon mein badal gaye.
yuddh key baad key punarvikas aur victorianism-virodhi key parinamswarup darjanon victorian imaraton jaise kii nae street station aur puraane kendriya pustakalaya kaa nuksan huaa, jinhen aksar kroor vastukala dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. surr herbert manzoni, 1935 seey 1963 taka birmingham key shahar key engineer aur sarvekshankarta, maanate they kii purani imaraton kaa sanrakshan bhaavnaatmak thaa aur shahar kaa koee bhee moolya naheen thaa. shahar key bheetari kshetron mein bhee, bahut seey victorian aavason koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa aur unakaa punarvikas kiya gayaa. maujooda samudaayon koo mahal ghaati jaise tower block estate mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
manzoni varshon key khilaf aanshik pratikriya mein, birmingham shahar parishad kendriya pustakalaya jaisi kuchh kroor imaraton koo dhwast curr rahee haye aur isamen ack vyaapak tower block vidhvans aur navinikaran karyakram haye. haal key varshon mein shahar key kendra mein bahut adhik punarvikas huaa haye, jisamen bullering shopping center mein puraskar vijeta bhavishya kii pranaliyon key selfries bhawan, brindley place punarjanan pariyojana, sahasrabdi bindu vigyaan aur praudyogiki kendra aur pratishthit rotunda bhawan kaa navinikaran shamil haye. inmein seey kaee pariyojanaon key liye dhana europeeya sangh seey aaya haye; udaaharan key liye town holl koo europeeya kshetriya vikas kosh seey £3 million kaa dhana praapt huaa.
1970 key dashak seey aur mukhya roop seey haal key varshon mein imaraton kii unchaaiyon parr nagrik uddayan pradhikaran dwara lagaae gaye pravartan key kaaran uchch vriddhi vikas dheema hoe gayaa haye kyonki way havaai adde seey vimaanon koo prabhaavit curr sakate hain (jaise.jee. beatham tower).
dushtata aur pehchaan.
birmingham key logon koo brummy kahaa jaataa haye, ack shabd joe shahar key upnaam "brum" seey liya gayaa haye, joe shahar key puraane naam, bramgam seey utpann hotaa haye. brummy uchchaaran aur bolly vishesh roop seey vishisht hain.
parivahan.
aanshik roop seey apane kendriya sthaan key kaaran, birmingham motorway, railway aur nahar network parr ack pramukh parivahan kendra haye.
sadaken.
shahar koo aim5, aim6, aim40 aur aim42 motorway dwara seva pradaan kii jaati haye, aur sambhavatah united kingdam mein sabse prasiddh motorway junctionh spaggetti junction, bajari pahaadi vinimay key liye ack bolchal kaa naam haye. aim6 shahar seey hocker bromford pull parr gujarta haye, joe yuke mein sabse lamba pull haye. beach kaa raasta (aeye4540) ack ring road haye joe shahar key kendra key chaaron or chalati haye. ateet mein shahar key mool mein inner ring road naamak ack chhoti ring road huaa karati thee.
birmingham ney 1 juuna 2021 seey ack swachchh vayu kshetra kii shuruat kii, joe shahar key kendra mein yatra karane key liye pradushankari vaahanon koo shulk detaa haye.
havaa.
birmingham havaai adda, joe solihul key padosi baro mein shahar key kendra key poorv mein sthit haye, britten mein yatri yatayat key hisab seey satwan sabse vyast havaai adda haye aur manchester aur edinberg key baad landan kshetra key baahar teesara sabse vyast havaai adda haye. yeh jett2, rayanair aur tuee vayumarg key liye ack pramukh aadhar haye. airline sevaayen birmingham seey europe, africa, america, madhya poorv, asia aur oceania key kaee gantavyon taka sanchaalit hoti hain.
saarvajanik parivahan.
birmingham kaa sthaaniya saarvajanik parivahan network paschimi madhyabhoomi (tii. aff. doubleu. aim.) key liye parivahan dwara samanvit haye joe paschim madhyabhoomi sanyukt pradhikaran kii ack shakha haye.
birmingham mein saarvajanik parivahan kaa upayog uchch star parr haye; 2015 mein, subah key shikhar yaatraon kaa 63 pratishat saarvajanik parivahan dwara kiya gayaa thaa, shesh 37 pratishat niji kaar dwara kiya gayaa thaa. rail sabse lokpriya saarvajanik parivahan saadhan thaa, joe yaatraon key liye 36.4% thaa, isake baad 26.3% parr basein aur 0.3% parr metro thee.
vartamaan mein birmingham mein koee bhoomigat pranali naheen haye; yeh europe kaa sabse badaa shahar haye jahan aisaa naheen haye. haal key varshon mein, ack bhoomigat pranali key vichaar dikhaai dene lagey hain, lekin abhee taka kissy kii bhee yojana mukhya roop seey paschim madhya bhoomi metro traum network key chala rahey vistaar koo uchch prathamikta key roop mein dekhe jaane key kaaran naheen banaai gaee haye.
railway.
shahar kaa mukhya railway station birmingham nyu street haye, joe landan key baahar britten kaa sabse vyast railway station haye, donon yatri pravesh/nikas aur yatri interchanges key liye. yeh cross country key liye rashtriya kendra haye, britten mein sabse vyaapak lambi doori kii train network haye, aur landan youston, glassgo central aur edinberg waverley seey avanti west coast sevaaon key liye ack pramukh gantavya haye. landan marylebone seey chalane vaali chiltern railway express trains key liye birmingham moor street aur birmingham snow hill uttari terminus kaa nirmaan karate hain. karjan street railway station, joe vartamaan mein nirmanadhin haye, uchch gati 2 parr shahar key liye trains key liye antim sthaan hoga, jiska pahala charan 2030 key aspas khulega.
birmingham aur aspas key kshetra mein sthaaniya aur upnagariya railway kaa ack network haye, joe jyaadaatar paschim madhyabhoomi trains dwara sanchaalit hotaa haye. paschim midlands county key bheetar kull 70 railway station hain, joe birmingham shahar kii seemaon key bheetar hain. birmingham mein upnagariya railway lines mein cross-city line, chez line, snow hill line aur birmingham loop shamil hain. 2016/17 mein, tii. aff. doubleu. aim. kshetra key bheetar lagbhag 55 million rail yatri yaatraaen theen, joe 2000/01 mein 23 million seey adhik kii badee vriddhi thee.
traum.
aitihaasik roop seey, birmingham mein birmingham nigam tramway dwara sanchaalit ack paryaapt traum pranali thee jise 1953 mein bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1999 mein, traum paschim midlands metro (jise pahale "midland metro" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa) key saath shahar mein laut aae joe wolverhampton shahar key liye sevaaon kaa sanchaalan kartaa haye. choonki 2015-2016, vistaar kaary key baad, 1953 key baad pahali baar traum network kendriya birmingham kii sadakon parr chalata haye; vistaar aur naee lines key nirmaan key saath paschim madhya bhoomi metro pranali kaa aur vistaar chala rhaa haye.
buss.
tii. aff. doubleu. aim. kshetra mein 26.1 karod buss yaatraaen 2016/17 mein kii gaeen, joe 2009/10 mein 319 million seey cumm haye.
buss maarg mukhya roop seey niji companiyon dwara vyaavsaayik roop seey sanchaalit kiye jaate hain, halanki tii. aff. doubleu. aim. kuchh samajik roop seey aavashyak sevaaon parr subsidy detaa haye. national express west midlands, birmingham mein sabhi buss yaatraon kaa lagbhag 80 pratishat haye, halanki lagbhag 40 anya, chhoti panjikrit buss companiyan hain, vishesh roop seey heera, joe kaale desh mein maargon kaa ack badaa anupaat chalaati hain, aur rashtriya express key saath kuchh maargon koo chalaati hain, jaise kii 4h, 16/16 a, aur 50.
rashtriya express paschim madhyabhoomi dwara sanchaalit 11 number kaa baahari vritt buss maarg, joe shahar key baahari ilaakon mein ghadee kii disha mein aur ghadee kii vipareet disha mein donon dishaaon mein sanchaalit hotaa haye, europe kaa sabse lamba shahari buss maarg haye, jisamen 272 buss stop hain. maarg koo prabhaavi dhang seey chalaane key liye ise dou khandon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye, joe acock green seey erdington taka chalata haye, aur perry baar seey acock green taka, acock green aur perry baar garrage key beach.
rashtriya express mukhyalaya digbeth mein sthit haye, joe birmingham coach station key oopar key karyalayon mein sthit haye, joe company key coach network kaa rashtriya kendra haye. buss prabhaag shahar key kendra key thheek baahar, boardesley green mein sthit haye, jisamen 8 garrage acox green, digbeth (jise birmingham central naam diyaa gayaa haye), penset, perry baar, walsal, west bromwich, wolverhampton aur yardley wood mein hain.
1974 taka, birmingham mein anya pramukh buss operator midland redd thaa, jisake paas birmingham aur vyaapak mahanagariya kshetra donon mein kaee buss dipo they. west midlands-adharit sanchaalan koo doubleu. aim. pee. tii. ee. koo bechane key baad, company aur usake uttaradhikariyon ney west midlands county key baahar seey kaee maargon parr birmingham kii seva karna jaari rakhaa. haalaanki, aprail 2022 taka, kewal dou maarg bache hain joe tamworth seey 110 hain joe ariva midlands dwara sanchaalit hain aur 144 versester seey first worcestershire dwara sanchaalit hain.
naharen.
audyogik kranti seey abhee bhee birmingham mein ack vyaapak nahar pranali bunny hui haye. shahar mein venis kii tulanaa mein adhik meal kii nahar haye, halanki birmingham mein naharen shahar key badey aakar aur iss tathya key kaaran cumm pramukh aur aavashyak hain kii isaki kuchh imaraton taka nahar dwara pahuncha jaataa haye. naharon kaa upayog aaj mukhya roop seey avkash key uddeshyon key liye kiya jaataa haye; naharon key kinare punarjanan yojanaon jaise kii brindley place ney naharon koo ack paryatak aakarshan mein badal diyaa haye.
shiksha.
aage aur uchch shiksha.
birmingham mein paanch vishvavidyalaya hainh aashcharyajanak vishvavidyalaya, birmingham vishvavidyalaya, birmingham shahar vishvavidyalaya, vishvavidyalaya college birmingham aur neuman vishvavidyalaya. shahar mein kaanoon vishvavidyalaya aur bee. pee. pee. vishvavidyalaya key pramukh parisaron key saath-saath khule vishvavidyalaya key paschimi madhyabhoomi kshetriya aadhar bhee hain. 2011 mein birmingham mein 78,259 purnakaalik chhaatr they joe avadhi key dauran shahar mein rahate they, joe landan key baahar united kingdam key kissy bhee anya shahar kii tulanaa mein adhik they. birmingham mein 32,690 shodh chhaatr hain, joe landan key baahar kissy bhee pramukh shahar kii sabse adhik sankhya haye.
1902 mein surr villium ashley dwara sthaapit birmingham business school, united kingdam kaa sabse purana snaatak star kaa business school haye. shahar key ack anya sheersh business school mein aashcharyajanak business school, vishva star parr 1 pratishat seey bhee cumm business schools mein seey ack koo triple maanyata dee jaayegi, aur birmingham city business school shamil hain. shaahi birmingham sanrakshak, birmingham shahar vishvavidyalaya kaa hissa, sangeet aur abhinay mein peshevar prashikshan pradaan kartaa haye.
birmingham dhaarmik shiksha kaa ack mahatvapurna kendra haye. sent mairi college, auscot ingland aur wells mein catholic church key teen madrason mein seey ack haye; woodbroke europe mein ekmatra quaker adhyayan kendra haye; aur queen college, agebeston ack vishvavyaapi dharamshastriya college haye joe ingland key church, paddhativaadi church aur united reform church kii seva kartaa haye.
birmingham metropolitan college desh key sabse badey aage key shiksha colleges mein seey ack haye, jisake chaudah parisar birmingham aur kaale desh aur worcestershire mein faile hue hain. south aind city college birmingham key nau parisar poore shahar mein faile hue hain. bournville college longbridge mein 66 million pound, 4.2 ekad parisar mein sthit haye joe 2011 mein khola gayaa thaa. furcroft college ack aavaasiya college haye joe sellie oak mein ack poorv adverdian haveli mein sthit haye, jisaki sthaapana 1909 mein samajik nyaay key liye ack majboot pratibaddhata key ird-gird kii gaee thee, jisamen kaee pathyakramon kaa uddeshya kuchh poorv aupchaarik yogyata vaale chhatron key liye thaa. queen alekjendra college harbourne mein sthit ack visheshagya college haye joe poore united kingdam key drishtibaadhit yaa viklang chhatron koo aage kii shiksha pradaan kartaa haye.
praathamik aur maadhyamik shiksha.
 birmingham city council ingland kaa sabse badaa sthaaniya shiksha pradhikaran haye, joe pratyaksh yaa apratyaksh roop seey 25 nursory schools, 328 praathamik schools, 77 maadhyamik schools aur 29 vishesh schools key liye jimmedaar haye. aur poore varsh lagbhag 3,500 vayask shiksha pathyakram pradaan karate hain. birmingham key adhikansh raajya school samudayik school hain joe sthaaniya shiksha pradhikaran (lii) key roop mein apani bhoomika mein seedhe birmingham shahar parishad dwara sanchaalit kiye jaate hain, halanki raajya pranali key bheetar swaichhik sahaayata praapt school bhee hain. 1970 key dashak seey, birmingham mein adhikansh maadhyamik vidyalaya 11--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
king edward kaa school, birmingham, jisaki sthaapana 1552 mein king edward vee dwara kii gaee thee, shahar key sabse puraane schools mein seey ack haye, joe jee. see. aiss. ee aur aaee. bee. padhaata haye, jisamen poorv chhaatr shamil hain, jinamen jey. aar. aar. tolkin, "lord off dha rings" pustakon key lekhak aur "dha hobbit" shamil hain. shahar key swatantra schools mein birmingham blue coat school, ladkiyon key liye king edward vee hyee school aur ladkiyon key liye agebeston hyee school shamil hain. bishap vesi key vyaakaran vidyalaya kii sthaapana 1527 mein bishap vesi dwara kii gaee thee.
saarvajanik sevaayen.
birmingham pustakalayon, avkash kendron, udyaanon, khel kshetron, parivahan, sadak kii safai aur apashisht sangrah mein anya sevaaon key saath-saath chehare parr katauti. birmingham nagar parishad key netaa albert boor ney sarkaar seey sthaaniya sevaaon koo vitt poshit karane aur pradaan karane key tareeke koo maulik roop seey badalane kaa ahwan kiya. yeh daavaa kiya jaataa haye kii sthaaniya adhikaariyon koo sarkari katauti ney birmingham koo asman roop seey prabhaavit kiya haye. birmingham key bheetar baal suraksha sevaaon koo 2009 aur 2013 key beach chalane vaale chaar varshon key liye offstead dwara "aparyaapt" aanka gayaa thaa, jisamen 2007 seey 20 bachchon kii mauton kii jaanch kii jaa rahee thee. march 2014 mein sarkaar ney ghoshana kii kii shahar key bheetar bachchon kii sevaaon mein sudhaar kii dekhrekh key liye swatantra aayukt niyukt kiye jaayenge.
pustakalaya sevaayen.
1972 mein khola gayaa poorv birmingham kendriya pustakalaya, europe kaa sabse badaa nagarpalika pustakalaya maanaa jaataa thaa. isake chhah sangrhon koo kalaa parishad ingland dwara "rashtriya aur antarrashtriya mahatva key pramukh sangrah" key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa, kewal aathh sangrhon mein seey jinhen desh bhar mein sthaaniya pradhikaran pustakalayon mein maanyata dee gaee thee. kendriya pustakalaya kii jagah shatabdi chauk mein birmingham kaa ack nayaa pustakalaya 3 sitambar 2013 koo khola gayaa thaa. ise dutch vastukar mikanu dwara design kiya gayaa thaa aur ise "ack prakaar kaa saarvajanik munch" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye... ack smaarak, ack mandir, pustak aur saahitya key liye. kendra sarkaar seey cumm dhana milane key kaaran iss pustakalaya mein katauti kaa saamana karna padata haye.
birmingham mein 41 sthaaniya pustakalaya hain, saath hii ack niyamit mobile pustakalaya seva bhee haye. pustakalaya seva mein salana 4 million agantuk aatey hain. bajat mein katauti key kaaran, chaar shakha pustakalayon koo bund karane kaa jokhim haye, jabaki anya sthaanon parr sevaaon koo cumm kiya jaa sakata haye.<riff naam = "berminhammel 23/1/2014"> </ref>
aapaatkaaleen sevaayen.
birmingham mein kaanoon pravartan paschim midlands pulis dwara kiya jaataa haye, jiska mukhyalaya shahar key kendra mein lloyd house mein haye. 2009-10 mein prati 1000 aabaadi parr darj kiye gaye apraadhon key saath, birmingham kii aparaadh darr ingland aur wells key liye ausat seey adhik haye, lekin ingland key kissy bhee anya pramukh shahar kii tulanaa mein cumm haye aur oxford, cambridge yaa bryton jaise kaee chhote shaharon kii tulanaa mein cumm haye. birmingham mein agnishaman aur bachaav sevaaen west midlands agnishaman seva aur west midlands ambulance seva dwara aapaatkaaleen chikitsa dekhbhal dwara pradaan kii jaati hain.
swaasthya seva.
birmingham mein kaee pramukh rashtriya swaasthya seva aspatal hain. adagbeston mein birmingham medical school seey satey queen elizabeth aspatal, 1,200 seey adhik bistaron key saath united kingdam key sabse badey shikshan aspatalon mein seey ack haye. yeh ack pramukh aghaat kendra haye joe vistaarit paschimi madhyabhoomi kshetra koo sevaaen pradaan kartaa haye aur 100 bistaron key saath duniya kii sabse badee ekal-manjil mahatvapurna dekhbhal ikai haye. aspatal mein europe mein sabse badaa thhos anga pratyaropan karyakram haye aur saath hii saath united kingdam mein sabse badaa gurde pratyaropan karyakram haye aur yeh yakrit, hriday aur fefde pratyaropan key saath-saath cancer adhyayan key liye ack rashtriya visheshagya kendra haye. yeh sangharsh kshetron mein ghayal sainya karmiyon key liye raksha chikitsa key liye shaahi kendra kaa ghar haye.
shahar key anya samanya aspatalon mein boardsley green mein hartlands aspatal, sutton coldfield mein good hope aspatal aur winson green mein city aspatal shamil hain. kaee visheshagya aspatal bhee hain, jaise kii birmingham bachchon kaa aspatal, birmingham mahila aspatal, birmingham dunt aspatal aur shaahi huddy roga aspatal.
birmingham ney ack operation mein radiography kaa pahala upayog dekhaa, aur britten kaa pahala holl-inn-dha-haart operation birmingham bachchon key aspatal mein kiya gayaa thaa.
jall aapoorti.
birmingham nigam jall vibhaag kii sthaapana 1876 mein birmingham koo paani kii aapoorti key liye kii gaee thee, 1974 taka jaba isaki jimmedariyon koo seavern trent watter mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. birmingham key adhikansh paani kii aapoorti elaan aquaduct dwara kii jaati haye, jise 1904 mein khola gayaa thaa; paani koo elaan ghaati, wells mein jalashayon seey frankley jalaashay, frankley aur bartley jalaashay, bartley green koo gurutvaakarshan dwara poshit kiya jaataa haye.
apashisht seey oorjaa.
birmingham key bheetar, 1996 mein veolia key liye banaaya gayaa ack badaa bhasmak sanyantra, apashisht sanyantra seey praapt bijli, salana lagbhag 366,414 tunn gharelu kachra jalaata haye aur 282,013 tunn carbon dioxide key saath rashtriya grid key liye 166,230 aim. doubleu. aich. bijli kaa utpaadan kartaa haye.
khel.
birmingham ney aadhunik khel key itihas mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai haye. football leag-duniya kii pahali leag football pratiyogita-kii sthaapana birmingham nivasi aur aashcharyajanak vilaa nideshak villium mcgregor dwara kii gaee thee, jinhone 1888 mein saathi club nideshakon koo patra likhaa thaa kii "ingland key duss yaa baarah sabse pramukh club pratyek season mein ghar-aur-baahar fixture kii vyavastha karane key liye sanyojan karate hain. tennis key aadhunik khel koo 1859 aur 1865 key beach hairi jaim aur unake dost augurio parera dwara agebeston mein parera key ghar mein vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen agebeston tirandaji aur lonn tennis society duniya kaa sabse purana tennis club banaa huaa thaa. birmingham aur jilaa cricket leag duniya kii sabse purani cricket leag haye, aur birmingham 1973 mein pahale cricket vishva cup, ack mahila cricket vishva cup kii mejbani kartaa thaa. birmingham khel parishad dwara khel kaa rashtriya shahar naamit kiya jaane vaalaa pahala shahar thaa. 1992 key grishmakaaleen olympic key liye bolly lagaane key liye birmingham koo landan aur manchester seey pahale chunaa gayaa thaa, lekin antim chayan prakriya mein asafal rhaa, jise barcelona ney jeetaa thaa.
aaj, yeh shahar desh kii dou sabse purani peshevar football teams kaa ghar haih aston vilaa aff.see., jisaki sthaapana 1874 mein hui thee aur yeh vilaa park mein khela jaataa haye; aur birmingham shahar aff.see., jisaki sthaapana 1875 mein hui thee aur joe stru mein khelata haye. clubon key beach pratidvandvita bhayankar haye aur donon key beach kii sthirata koo doosara shahar derby kahaa jaataa haye. ast vilaa vartamaan mein premiere leag mein khelata haye jabaki birmingham shahar vartamaan mein championship mein khelata haye. west bromwich albian bhee birmingham kshetra key bheetar samarthan aakarshit kartaa haye, joe sandwell mein shahar kii seemaon key thheek baahar hothorn mein sthit haye. pratidvandi football team saha-pravesh shahar ney bhee saha-pravesh bhawan samaaj kshetra key upayog parr apane jamindaaron key saath chala rahey vivaad key kaaran 2019 aur 2021 key beach dou satron key liye sent andru mein kuchh samay key liye khela.
warwickshire county cricket club agebeston cricket ground mein khelata haye, joe test cricket aur ack divasiya antarrashtriya maichon kii mejbani bhee kartaa haye aur lords key baad united kingdam mein sabse badaa cricket maidan haye. agebeston pratham shreni cricket mein ack ballebaaj dwara abb taka key uchchatam score kaa drishya thaa, jaba bryan laara ney 1994 mein warwickshire key liye nabad 501 runn banaae they.
birmingham mein peshevar ragbi union club jaise kii birmingham mosley aur birmingham aind solihul bhee hain. shahar mein ack ardh-peshevar ragbi leag club, midlands toofaan key saath-saath ack shaukiya club birmingham bulldog bhee haye. yeh shahar baafaa rashtriya leag mein sabse purani americi football teams mein seey ack, birmingham bulls kaa bhee ghar haye.
shahar key baahari ilaake mein dou pramukh championship golf course hain. sutton coldfield key paas belfree peshevar golfers sangh kaa mukhyalaya haye aur kissy bhee anya sthaan kii tulanaa mein adhik baar ryder cup kii mejbani kii haye. birmingham havaai adde key paas arden hotal aur country club kaa jangal bhee pee. jee. aeye. europeeya daure parr niyamit roop seey pratiyogitaon kaa ayojan kartaa haye, jisamen british masters aur inglish open shamil hain.
agon classic, wimbledon aur eastbourne key saath, wta tour parr kewal teen yuu. key. tennis tournaments mein seey ack haye. yeh agebeston priory club mein salana khela jaataa haye, jisane 2010 mein ack nae shokes center court aur khel kii birmingham utpatti kaa jashn manaane vaale ack sangrahalaya sahit kaee karod pound key punarvikas kii yojana kii ghoshana kii thee.
perry baar mein alekjendar stadium yuke athletics kaa mukhyalaya haye, aur kuleen antarrashtriya iaaf diamond leag mein judaav kii mejbani karane key liye kewal dou british sthaanon mein seey ack haye. yeh berchfield harriers kaa ghar bhee haye, jisake sadasyon mein kaee antarrashtriya khilaadi hain. rashtriya indor kshetra ney 2007 kii europeeya athletics indor championship aur 2003 aur 2018 kii vishva indor championship kii mejbani kii, saath hii vaarshik aviva indor grand prix kii mejbani kii-ack aaee. aeye. aeye. aff. indor permit baithak key roop mein arhata praapt karane key liye ekmatra british indor athletics sthirata-aur anya khel ayojanon kii ack vistrit vividhata.
peshevar mukkebaji, hockey, skateboarding, stock-kaar racing, greyhound racing aur speedway bhee shahar key bheetar hotey hain.
1994 seey birmingham ney erena birmingham mein aul ingland open badminton championship kii mejbani kii haye.
rashtramandal khel.
birmingham ney 2022 rashtramandal khelon kii mejbani kii, joe 28 julaai aur 8 agast 2022 key beach hue they. yeh pahali baar thaa jaba birmingham ney rashtramandal khelon aur 22vein rashtramandal khelon kii mejbani kii thee. birmingham mein maujooda khel sthalon, akhaadon aur sammelan kakshon kaa khajaana haye joe khelon key dauran khel kii mejbani key liye aadarsh saabit hue. alekjendar stadium, jisane samarohon aur athletics kii mejbani kii, kaa navinikaran kiya gayaa aur kshamata koo 40,000 seeton taka badhaa diyaa gayaa. birmingham mein 2022 key rashtramandal khelon seey paschimi madhya bhoomi kshetriya arthavyavastha koo 52.6 karod pound kaa badhaava milane kii ummeed thee. birmingham koo aadhikarik hastaantaran 15 aprail 2018 koo swarn tata 2018 rashtramandal khelon key samaapan samaroh mein huaa.
media.
birmingham mein kaee pramukh sthaaniya samachar patra hain-dainik "birmingham mell" aur saptahik "birmingham post" aur "ravivaar paaraa", sabhi pahunch plc key swaamitva mein hain. "forward" birmingham city council dwara utpaadit ack freesheet haye, jise shahar key gharon mein vitarit kiya jaataa haye. birmingham vibhinn rashtriya jaatiya media, jeevan shally patrikaon, digital samachar manchon aur dou kshetriya metro sanskaranon (poorv aur paschim madhyabhoomi) key liye aadhar bhee haye.
birmingham mein teen mukhyadhara key kewal digital samachar prakaashak hain, "aaee aim birmingham", "birmingham update" aur "sekand city".
birmingham kaa ack lamba cinemai itihas haye; station street parr electric britten mein sabse purana kaam karane vaalaa cinema haye. birmingham kaee british aur antarrashtriya film nirmaanon key liye sthaan haye, jisamen 1999 kii "felicia kii yatra" shamil haye, jisamen birmingham mein una sthaanon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa jinka upayog 1973 key "tech mee hyee" mein shahar mein parivartanon key vipareet kiya gayaa thaa.
shahar mein bee. bee. see. kii dou suvidhaaen hain. mailbox, shahar key kendra mein, bee. bee. see. angreji kshetron kaa rashtriya mukhyalaya haye aur bee. bee. see. west midlands aur bee. bee. see. birmingham network utpaadan kendra kaa mukhyalaya haye. yeye pahale agebeston mein pebal mill studio mein sthit they. bee. bee. see. drama village, joe sellie oak mein sthit haye, television naatak mein visheshagyata rakhane vaali ack utpaadan suvidha haye.
1997 mein parisar koo bund kiye jaane taka, birmingham mein kendriya/atv studio isake liye vibhinn karyakramon kii recording key liye sthaan thaa, jisamen "tiswas" aur "chauraha" shamil they, aur kendriya apane vartamaan gais street studio mein sthanantarit hoe gayaa thaa. birmingham seey kendriya key utpaadan mein abb kshetriya samachar karyakram "itv news central" key kewal "paschim" aur "poorv" sanskaran shamil hain.
shahar mein kaee rashtriya aur kshetriya radio stations key saath-saath hyperlocal radio station bhee hain. inmein free radio birmingham aur sabse badee hitt radio birmingham aur west midlands, capital midlands, haart west midlands, absolute radio aur smooth west midlands shamil hain. shahar mein ack samudayik radio drishya haye, jisamen badey shahar key radio, naee shally key radio, brum radio, switch radio, kharonch radio, raaj fm aur unity fm sahit station hain.
"teerandaaz", duniya kaa sabse lamba chalane vaalaa radio sabun, bbc radio 4 key liye birmingham mein record kiya gayaa haye. bbc birmingham studio shahar mein bbc radio wm aur bbc asiai network key liye atirikt roop seey show kaa utpaadan kartaa haye.
antarrashtriya sambandh.
birmingham key saath jodaa gayaa haih
birmingham key saath bhee maitripurna sambandh hainh

