
indradhanush lahar

indradhanush lahar" ack vakyansh thaa jise 2018 mein sanyukt raajya america mein usa varsh raajneetik pada key liye daudane vaale khule taur parr lgbtq + ummidvaaron kii advitiya sankhya kaa varnan karane key liye gadhaa gayaa thaa. indradhanush kii lahar 2018 yuu key dauran shuru hui.aiss. madhyaavadhi chunaav jaba 400 seey adhik ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidwar pada key liye daude aur ack record todane vaale 244 chune gaye.
agale varsh, 2019 key chunaavon mein, 382 khule taur parr lgbtq + ummidwar saarvajanik pada key liye daude aur 200 ney matpatra parr jagah banaai, jinamen seey 170 ney jeet hassil kii. 2020 key chunaavon mein, 1,000 seey adhik lgbtq + loga pada key liye daude aur 734 lgbtq + ummidvaaron ney matpatra parr sthaan hassil kiya. inmein seey 334 ummidwar jeete. 2021 key chunaavon mein kissy bhee yuu mein lgbtq + ummidvaaron kii sabse badee sankhya thee.aiss. varsh key baahar chunaav; 430 lgbtq + ummidwar they, jinamen seey 184 chune gaye they. 
2022 key chunaav yuu. aiss. mein sabse badee indradhanush lahar kaa pratinidhitva karate they.aiss. itihas key anusaar, 1,065 lgbtq + ummidwar pada key liye chunaav ladey aur 436 nirvaachit hue. 2022 yuu.aiss. chunaav bhee pahali baar they jaba lgbtq + ummidwar sabhi 50 raajyon aur kolambiya jile mein matpatra parr dikhaai diye.
1974 key baad seey sanyukt raajya america key chunaavon mein samlaingik aur samlaingik muddon parr vishesh roop seey vichaar kiya gayaa haye, jaba pahale dou khule taur parr samlaingik rajneta, kaithi kozachenko aur elen nobal chune gaye they, aur pahala samlaingik virodhi upaay colorado mein matpatra parr dikhaai diyaa thaa. 1970 key dashak seey 2010 key dashak key dauran, ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + raajneetik vichaar aur pragati badal gaee aur vistaarit hui. 1990 key dashak key anta seey laker 2000 key dashak taka samlaingik vivaah parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa thaa. 2015 kaa sarvocch nyayalaya kaa mamla "obergefel banaam. hodge ney "samlaingik vivaah key samvaidhaanik adhikaar koo majboot kiya. 2010 key dashak key madhya seey shuru hocker aur aaj taka jaari, transgender adhikaaron aur bhedbhaav parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa haye.
2023 taka, sanyukt raajya america mein pahale seey kaheen adhik 1,175 khule taur parr-lgbtq + nirvaachit adhikaari hain. 
ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron key prati matadaata key drishtikon aur unake prabhaavon parr bahut cumm shodh kiya gayaa haye. ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii matadaata samlaingik, samlaingik aur transgender ummidvaaron koo kaafee dandit karate hain, jisamen transgender ummidvaaron koo unake samlaingik aur samlaingik samkakshon kii tulanaa mein kaafee adhik dund kaa saamana karna padata haye. inn ummidvaaron key khilaf matadaata jaanch kaa star pakshapaat, raajneetik vichardhara, dharm aur ell. jee. bee. tii. logon key saath matdaataon key sambandhon yaa unaki kamee key aadhar parr bhinn thaa. adhyayan ney inn purvagrahon koo sabse mahatvapurna roop seey unaki "nirvaachaktaa" kii chinta key saath-saath poorna purvagrah aur iss chinta key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya kii ummidwar bahut udaar they. inn ummidvaaron key prabhaavon key sambandh mein, raajneetik karyalaya mein lgbtq + pratinidhitva kaa prastaav aur lgbtq samarthak aur samaan adhikaar kaanoon key paarit honey key saath dridhata seey sambandh paaya gayaa haye. yeh ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + samudaay kii samajik dhaaranaon aur badey paimaane parr unake samaan adhikaaron koo sakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit kartaa haye.
ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + rajneeti aur karyalaya mein pratinidhitva kaa itihas.
ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + rajneeti (1970-vartamaan) kaa avalokan.
samlaingik aur samlaingik muddon parr pahali baar 1974 key sanyukt raajya america key chunaavon mein vishesh vichaar kiya gayaa thaa. iss chakr key dauran, pahale dou khule taur parr samlaingik raajnetaon key chunaav key saath, pahala samlaingik virodhi upaay matdan parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. yeh upaay colorado mein janmat sangrah key madhyam seey paarit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen boulder key manvadhikar adhyadesh mein bhedbhaav seey ack sanrakshit shreni key roop mein yaun abhivinyas koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. agale 30 varshon mein, dhaarmik adhikaar dwara badhaava dee gaee isi tarah kii kaee samlaingik virodhi pahal huin. usee samay, samlaingik nagrik adhikaaron key liye lagbhag 150 raajya aur sthaaniya pahal aur janmat sangrah they.
kull milakar, ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + raajneetik pragati 1970 key dashak seey 2010 key dashak taka faili aur dhyaan kendrit kiya. 1970 key dashak mein, ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + raajneetik vichaaron ney bhedbhaav virodhi adhyadeshon mein ack sanrakshit shreni key roop mein yaun abhivinyas koo jodane parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. inn upaayon koo dhaarmik adhikaar seey pratikriya pahal aur janmat kaa saamana karna padaa. 1970 key dashak mein safalata key vibhinn staron key saath schools mein samlaingik shikshakon kii suraksha parr bhee dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa. 
1980 aur 1990 key dashak mein, ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + virodhi andolan tej hoe gayaa, sabse pramukh roop seey prastaavit sanshodhanon key madhyam seey joe samlaingik, samlaingik aur ubhayalingi logon kii raksha karane vaale bhedbhaav virodhi adhyadeshon koo nirast aur pratibandhit curr denge. antatah, halanki, 1996 kaa sarvocch nyayalaya kaa mamla "romer banaam. evance ney chaudahaven sanshodhan key samaan sanrakshan khand koo santusht naheen karane key aadhar parr inn sanshodhanon koo asamvaidhaanik karaar diyaa.
1990 key dashak key anta seey 2000 key dashak taka, ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. samarthak aur ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. virodhi andolanon ney samlaingik sambandhon aur vivahon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. iss dauran, samlaingik vivaah parr pratibandh poore sanyukt raajya mein fail gayaa. varsh 2012 ney inn samlaingik vivaah virodhi ravaiye mein badalaav koo chihnit kiya, jaba pahale raajyon (maine, maryland aur washington) ney lokpriya vote key madhyam seey samlaingik vivaah koo vaidh banaa diyaa. 2015 mein, yuu.aiss. sarvocch nyayalaya kaa mamla "obergefel banaam. hojes ney uchit prakriya khand aur chaudahaven sanshodhan key samaan sanrakshan khand key aadhar parr desh bhar mein vivaah samaantaa koo prabhaavi dhang seey vaidh banaa diyaa.
2010 key dashak key madhya mein, transgender adhikaar aur bhedbhaav (rojgar, awas aur anya kshetron mein) dhaarmik adhikaar aur samarthak lgbtq + andolan donon kaa kendra bunn gayaa. 2023 taka, republican desh bhar mein anty-lgbtq + kaanoon key saikadon tukadon kaa prastaav aur samarthan curr rahey hain. aeye. see. ell. yuu. key anusaar, 2023 key vidhaayi satra key liye sanyukt raajya america mein 450 seey adhik ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + virodhi vidheyak hain, joe saarvajanik vidyalaya shiksha mein ling-pushti swaasthya seva, ling pehchaan aur kamukta jaise muddon koo lakshit karate hain. ack "pee. bee. aiss. samachar ghante", "aine. pee. aar.", aur marrist poul ney inn ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + virodhi kaanoonon key liye badhate samarthan koo dikhaaya. udaaharan key liye, 2021 key baad seey, nabaligon key liye ling-pushti chikitsa dekhbhal parr pratibandh lagaane vaale kaanoonon key samarthan mein 15 pratishat kii vriddhi (28 pratishat seey 43 pratishat amerikiyon) hui haye.
pahale khule taur parr ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidwar aur chunaav.
dragg queen aur karyakarta jose sarriya sanyukt raajya america mein saarvajanik pada key liye daudane vaale pahale khule taur parr samlaingik vyakti bunn gaye jaba unhone 1961 mein saine francisco board off supervisor key liye daud lagaai. kaithi kozachenko koo 1974 mein mishigan shahar parishad key aine arber key liye chunaa gayaa, joe sanyukt raajya america mein pahale khule taur parr samlaingik aur samlaingik rajneta bunn gaye. isake turant baad, 1974 mein bhee, elen nobal raajya vidhanmandal key liye chuni jaane vaali pahali khule taur parr samlaingik vyakti bunn gaeen, jaba unhein boston key back bey pados key pratinidhi key roop mein massachusets mahasabha key liye chunaa gayaa thaa.
1977 mein, agrani samlaingik adhikaar karyakarta harvey milk sanyukt raajya america mein pahale khule taur parr lgbtq + nirvaachit raajnetaon mein seey ack bunn gaye aur california mein pahale lgbtq + rajneta bunn gaye jaba way saine francisco paryavekshak mandal key liye chune gaye. jairi studs yuu kaa pahala khule taur parr-lgbtq + sadasya bunn gayaa.aiss. congress jaba way 1983 mein karyalaya mein they, taba way phir seey chune gaye they. 1984 mein jaba seey yeye aur anya lgbtq + vyakti rajneeti mein lgbtq + pratinidhitva key liye sabse aage they, saikadon khule taur parr lgbtq + vyakti sanyukt raajya america mein saarvajanik pada key liye chunaav lada chuke hain aur chune gaye hain.
transgender pratinidhitva adhik dheere-dheere aage badhaa haye. cumm seey cumm 1990 key dashak seey, transgender ummidwar pada key liye chunaav lada rahey hain, lekin aksar khule taur parr naheen. 2012 mein, stacy-mairi lotton sanyukt raajya america mein nirvaachit honey vaali pahali khule taur parr transgender vidhaayak baneen jaba unhein nae hampshire house off representatives key liye chunaa gayaa thaa, lekin padbhar sambhaalane seey pahale unhone istifa dey diyaa thaa. danica rome antatah pahali khule taur parr-transgender raajya vidhaayak bunn gaeen jaba unhein 2017 mein virginia house off delegates key liye chunaa gayaa thaa.
raajneetik karyalaya mein ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + logon kaa vartamaan pratinidhitva.
vartamaan mein sthaaniya, raajya aur rashtriya vidhaansabhaaon mein pahale seey kaheen adhik khule taur parr-lgbtq + nirvaachit adhikaari hain. 2 aprail, 2023 taka, sanyukt raajya america mein 1,175 khule taur parr-lgbtq + nirvaachit adhikaari hain, joe paanch saal pahale 698 they. desh bhar mein sabhi nirvaachit adhikaariyon mein seey, 0.23% khule taur parr lgbtq + hain. 2019 mein 10 kii tulanaa mein sanyukt raajya congress mein 13 khule taur parr-lgbtq + sadasya hain. 228 khule taur parr-lgbtq + raajya vidhaayak hain, 2019 seey 55 pratishat kii vriddhi hui haye, aur 721 sthaaniya lgbtq + adhikaari hain, joe 2019 seey 83 pratishat kii vriddhi haye. nyaayik star parr teen rajyapal, 59 mahapour aur 137 adhikaari hain joe khule taur parr-lgbtq + hain. 1, 175 khule taur parr ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + nirvaachit adhikaariyon mein seey 887 (75 pratishat) loktantravaadi hain, 34 republican (3 pratishat) hain, 28 swatantra (2 pratishat) hain, aur 58 kissy anya party (5 pratishat) seey hain. 
ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + nirvaachit adhikaariyon kii sanrachana bhee teji seey adhik vividh hoe rahee haye. nasleeya roop seey, rung key ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + raajnetaon kii sankhya 2019 mein sabhi ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + nirvaachit adhikaariyon key 22 pratishat seey badhkar 2023 mein 32 pratishat hoe gaee haye, jisamen kaale/african-americi/african-carabian mein 186% vriddhi aur 2019 seey lattin/hyspanic ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + raajnetaon mein 116% vriddhi shamil haye. ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + mahila nirvaachit adhikaariyon ney 60 pratishat vriddhi dekhi, gair-dwiaadhaari aur ling gair-pushti karane vaale logon mein 300% vriddhi, trance mahilaaon mein 173% vriddhi, aur trance purushon mein 2019 seey 80 pratishat vriddhi hui haye. 2019 seey, samlaingik, ubhayalingi aur pensexual ummidvaaron mein bhee 200% kii vriddhi hui haye.
ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron key liye matadaata drishtikon aur chunavi baadhaaen.
ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron key prati matadaata key drishtikon parr bahut cumm aupchaarik shodh huaa haye.
raajneetik vaigyaanikon gabriel magney aur andreau reynolds dwara 2021 key ack adhyayan ney unnat loktantron mein ack ummidwar key prati unake yaun abhivinyas aur ling pehchaan key aadhar parr matadaata key drishtikon kii jaanch kii. unhone paaya kii sanyukt raajya america mein jaanch kiye gaye teen deshon key ell. jee. bee. tii. ummidvaaron key liye sabse adhik matadaata dund thaa (yuu.aiss., britten aur newzealand). shodhkartaon ney ack kaalpanik chunaav mein ummidwar visheshtaon key prati unake drishtikon koo maapane key liye 1,800 seey adhik amerikiyon key ack sanyukt prayog key madhyam seey sarvekshan kiye.
kull milakar, samlaingik aur samlaingik ummidvaaron koo apane vishamalaingik samkakshon kii tulanaa mein 6.7 pratishat ank key dund kaa saamana karna padata haye, jabaki transgender ummidvaaron koo 11 pratishat ank key dund kaa saamana karna padata haye. adhyayan mein yeh bhee paaya gayaa kii jaatiya alpsankhyakon key ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron koo kaale samlaingik ummidvaaron key alawa koee aur dund kaa saamana naheen karna padata haye, jinhen apane yaun abhivinyas key liye atirikt 3.6 pratishat ank key dund kaa saamana karna padata haye. isake alawa, matadaata adhik raajneetik anubhav vaale ummidvaaron kaa samarthan karate hain, joe shodhkartaon kaa kahana haye kii lgbtq + ummidvaaron koo nuksan pahunchaata haye kyonki unake paas yeh anubhav honey kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye.
adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii vibhinn matadaata jansankhyiki key aadhar parr ell. jee. bee. tii. ummidvaaron key prati drishtikon mein vyaapak bhinnata haye. pakshapaat ack spasht sanketak thaa, kyonki republican aur loktaantrik matdaataon key beach samlaingik ummidvaaron key liye dund 8.4 pratishat ankon seey bhinn thaa. republican ney samlaingik ummidvaaron parr 14.8 pratishat ankon kaa jurmana lagaaya.
raajneetik vichardhara matadaata drishtikon key ack majboot sanketak kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, kyonki pragatisheel samlaingik yaa samlaingik ummidvaaron koo bilkul bhee dandit naheen karate they, jabaki roodhivaadiyon ney unhein 17.2 pratishat ankon seey kadee sajaa dee thee. isake alawa, ell. jee. bee. tii. parivaar key sadasyon yaa doston vaale logon ney samlaingik ummidvaaron koo dandit naheen kiya, aur ell. jee. bee. tii. matadaata samlaingik ummidvaaron koo nau yaa 10 pratishat ankon seey pasand karate hain.
gair-dhaarmik matdaataon ney samlaingik ummidvaaron koo dandit naheen kiya, lekin dhaarmik ummidvaaron (joe niyamit roop seey dhaarmik sevaaon mein bhaag lete they) ney unhein 12 pratishat ankon seey dandit kiya.
sabhi matadaata upsamuhon mein transgender ummidvaaron koo adhik kadee sajaa dee gaee. upsamuhon key beach antar transgender ummidvaaron key liye cumm alag they. pragatisheel aur ell. jee. bee. tii. matadaata kewal una samoohon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain jinhone transgender ummidvaaron koo dandit naheen kiya aur kabhi-kabhi unakaa paksh bhee liya, jabaki roodhivaadiyon ney unhein 16 seey 18 pratishat ankon seey dandit kiya. loktantravadiyon ney transgender ummidvaaron koo chhah pratishat ankon seey dandit kiya, jabaki republican ney unhein 19 pratishat ankon seey dandit kiya. ell. jee. bee. tii. mitron aur parivaar vaale matdaataon ney transgender ummidvaaron parr paanch pratishat ankon kaa jurmana lagaaya. dhaarmik matadaata transgender ummidvaaron koo uchchatam antar (18 pratishat ank) seey dandit karate hain.
adhyayan mein inn matadaata purvagrahon key karanon koo bhee dekhaa gayaa. unhone samajhaaya kii praathamik purvagrahon koo spasht purvagrah, nirvaachaktaa aur ummidvaaron kii udaar dhaaranaon dwara samajhaaya gayaa thaa. samlaingik aur transgender ummidvaaron key khilaf purvagrah key liye sabse pramukh spashteekaran nirvaachaktaa kii chinta thee, joe samlaingik aur transgender ummidvaaron key liye kramshah 52 pratishat aur 57 pratishat matdaataon key samarthan key liye jimmedaar thee. matadaata purvagrah key 32 pratishat prabhaavon key liye pratyaksh purvagrah jimmedaar thaa, jabaki samlaingik aur transgender ummidvaaron kii adhik udaar key roop mein dhaaranaaen samlaingik ummidvaaron key baare mein 9 pratishat aur transgender ummidvaaron key liye 6 pratishat chintaon key liye jimmedaar theen.
indradhanush tarangen (2018-2023).
2018 chunaav indradhanush lahar.
indradhanush tarang" shabd 2018 key madhyaavadhi mein ummidvaaron aur nirvaachit logon kii abhootpoorv sankhya key parinamswarup gadhaa gayaa thaa. iss chakr key dauran, 600 seey adhik khule taur parr lgbtq + ummidwar pada key liye, 432 matpatra parr aur 244 vijeta they. congress mein party kii seeton key liye bice khule taur parr ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidwar chunaav ladey, joe 2010 key baad seey aaee. dee. 1. kii vriddhi kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. 43 raajyon mein raajya vidhaansabhaaon key liye lagbhag 195 ummidwar chunaav ladey. isake alawa, record sankhya mein transgender mahilaaon ney pada key liye daud lagaai, jisamen loktaantrik christine hallquist bhee shamil hain, joe governor key liye bahumat party key ummidwar banane vaale pahale transgender vyakti hain.
matpatra parr 432 ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron mein seey, 28 sanghiya ummidvaaron mein seey 10 chune gaye they, aur 34 nyaayik ummidvaaron mein seey 26 chune gaye they. raajya vidhanmandal mein, 197 lgbtq + ummidvaaron mein seey 110 chune gaye, jabaki raajya bhar mein, 11 mein seey chhah chune gaye. sthaaniya star parr, 14 mein seey 80 ummidwar chune gaye aur 16 lgbtq + mahapour ummidvaaron mein seey 10 chune gaye.
2018 key chunaav seey pahale, khule taur parr saat lgbtq + congressi (chhah sadan pratinidhi aur ack senator) they, joe chunaav key baad badhkar 10 hoe gaye (aathh sadan pratinidhi aur dou senator). isake alawa, 2018 mein, 119 khule taur parr lgbtq + raajya vidhaayak they, joe chunaav key baad badhkar 148 hoe gaye. chunaav seey pahale, saat raajyon ney kabhi bhee apane raajya vidhaansabhaaon key liye lgbtq + ummidwar kaa chunaav naheen kiya thaa, joe ghatkar chaar reh gayaa, kyonki indiana aur nebrasca mein seey pratyek ney apana pahala lgbtq + raajya vidhaayi sadasya chunaa. isake alawa, chaar lgbtq + ummidwar governor key liye daude, jinamen seey dou jeete.
2019 chunaav indradhanush lahar.
2019 mein, khule taur parr ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + 382 ummidvaaron mein seey, 200 ummidwar matpatra parr they aur 170 ney apani daud jeeti. 6 navambar, 2019 key ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. vijay nidhi key aankadon mein paaya gayaa kii inn 382 ummidvaaron mein seey 40 pratishat una raajyon seey they joe nimn yaa nakaratmak samaantaa star parr they, jinamen seey 35.5% ney jeet hassil kii. ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron mein seey lagbhag 83 pratishat 40.3% safalata darr vaale loktantravaadi they, jabaki 2.4% 33.3% safalata darr vaale republican they. vijay kosh ney 178 ummidvaaron kaa samarthan kiya, jinamen seey 117 ney jeet hassil keeh raajya vidhaansabhaaon mein paanch, nau mahapour, 102 sthaaniya adhikaari aur ack nyaayik nirvaachit.
2019 lgbtq + ummidwar pool ney 29.1% rung key logon kaa pratinidhitva kiya, jinamen seey 34.2% ney jeet hassil kii. transgender mahilaaon kii jeet darr sabse adhik thee, kyonki 16 transgender mahila ummidvaaron mein seey 56.3% (nau) ney jeet hassil kii. teen transgender purush ummidvaaron mein seey koee bhee apani daud naheen jeetaa, jabaki teen ling gair-anuroop mein seey ack, aur paanch gair-dwiaadhaari ummidvaaron mein seey dou jeete. 205 samlaingik ummidvaaron mein seey adtis pratishat (78), 73 samlaingik ummidvaaron mein seey 44.6% (33), 24 ubhayalingi ummidvaaron mein seey 41.7% (10) aur 25 samlaingik ummidvaaron mein seey 40 pratishat (10) chune gaye. 2019 mein ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + pratinidhitva mein anya pragati key beach, pramukh shaharon mein samlaingik mahapouron kii sankhya doguni hoe gaee, kyonki teen chune gaye (shikago, ilinois mein; tampa, florida; aur maddison, wisconsin mein).
2020 chunaav indradhanush lahar.
2020 key madhyaavadhi chunaav mein, 1,006 khule taur parr ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidwar raajneetik pada key liye chunaav ladey aur 782 aam chunaav matpatra parr they, jinamen seey 334 ney jeet hassil kii. yeh ack 42.7% safalata darr kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. chunaav ney 2018 seey lgbtq + ummidvaaron mein 41 pratishat kii vriddhi bhee dikhaai. 2020 key madhyaavadhi mein pahale key kissy bhee anya sanyukt raajya chunaav kii tulanaa mein adhik lgbtq + ummidwar aur lgbtq + nirvaachit they.
vijay nidhi kii report key anusaar, matpatra parr 782 ummidvaaron mein seey 63 sanghiya ummidwar aur nau nirvaachit, 10 rajyavyapi ummidwar aur shoonya nirvaachit, 327 raajya vidhaayi ummidwar aur 139 nirvaachit, 37 nyaayik ummidwar aur 21 nirvaachit, 20 mahapour ummidwar aur paanch nirvaachit, aur 325 sthaaniya ummidwar aur 160 nirvaachit they.
2020 ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidwar pool mein 35.7% rung key loga they, jinamen seey 37.1% ney apani seeten jeeti theen. chhah transgender purush, 38 transgender mahilaaen, chaar ling gair-anuroop aur 13 ling/gair-dwiaadhaari ummidwar they. lagbhag 37 pratishat transgender ummidwar chune gaye they. samlaingik ummidvaaron ney 391 ummidvaaron key saath ummidwar pool key sabse badey hisse kaa pratinidhitva kiya aur safalata darr 41.5% thee. samlaingik ummidvaaron kii safalata darr sabse adhik thee, jisamen 172 ummidwar aur 55.2% nirvaachit they. 72 ubhayalingi ummidvaaron mein seey ack tihai, 17 pensexual ummidvaaron mein seey 35 pratishat, 55 kweer ummidvaaron mein seey 40 pratishat, aur dou alaingik ummidvaaron mein seey koee bhee naheen jeetaa.
kissy bhee anya varsh kii tulanaa mein adhik ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron ney congress mein seeten jeetin, jisamen nau ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + congress key nirvaachit sadasya shamil they, jinamen chunaav key liye sabhi saat paddhari shamil they. chunaav key baad, 117veen congress mein khule taur parr nau lgbtq + sadan key pratinidhi aur dou senator they. isake alawa, 2020 seey pahale, chaar transgender raajya pratinidhi they, aur chunaav key baad, nau they. transgender, gair-dwiaadhaari aur ling-anuroop raajya ummidvaaron mein seey aathh chune gaye. isake alawa, delaware aur tenacy ney apane pahale lgbtq + raajya senators koo chunaah delaware mein raajya senator saaraa mcbride aur mairi pinkani, aur delaware mein raajya pratinidhi erich maurison; aur tenacy mein raajya pratinidhi torry harris aur addie manis.
2021 chunaav indradhanush lahar.
2021 kii indradhanush lahar mein, 430 khule taur parr lgbtq + ummidwar saarvajanik pada key liye chunaav ladey, jinamen seey 237 ney matdan kiya aur 184 ney jeet hassil kii. vijay kosh kii 16 navambar, 2021 kii report key anusaar, 2021 key sanyukt raajya america key chunaavon ney 2019 seey ummidwari mein 18.5% vriddhi kaa pratinidhitva kiya aur sanyukt raajya america key itihas mein kissy bhee anya visham-sankhya vaale chunaav kii tulanaa mein adhik lgbtq + ummidwar jeete. isake alawa, isane lgbtq + nirvaachit adhikaariyon kii kull sankhya 995 seey 1038 taka laa dee, pahali baar yeh sankhya 1000 lgbtq + vyaktiyon koo paar curr gaee. kull milakar, 2021 key chunaavon mein ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron kii safalata darr 46 pratishat thee.
430 khule taur parr ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + ummidvaaron mein seey, teen sanghiya ummidwar aur shoonya nirvaachit, teen rajyavyapi ummidwar aur shoonya nirvaachit, 20 raajya vidhaayi ummidwar aur chhah nirvaachit, saat nyaayik ummidwar aur paanch nirvaachit, 41 mahapour ummidwar aur 16 nirvaachit, aur 356 sthaaniya ummidwar aur 157 nirvaachit they. 430 ummidvaaron mein seey 37 pratishat ashwet loga they, 2019 seey paanch pratishat kii vriddhi. yeh anupaat sanyukt raajya america key itihas mein sabse nasleeya roop seey vividh lgbtq + ummidwar pool kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye aur aam chunaav pool kii tulanaa mein ashwet ummidvaaron kaa kaafee adhik pratishat haye. iss chunaav mein ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + rung key ummidvaaron kii safalata darr 37 pratishat thee.
sabhi yaun abhivinyason mein, samlaingik purush ummidvaaron ney sabse adhik ummidvaaron kaa pratinidhitva kiya, jisamen 192 ummidwar 49.4% kii darr seey jeete. samlaingik ummidvaaron kii safalata darr kissy bhee anya yaun abhivinyas kii tulanaa mein sabse adhik thee, kyonki 60 ummidvaaron mein seey 60 pratishat chune gaye they. haalaanki, 2019 seey samlaingik purush ummidwari mein 7.3% kii kamee aaee aur samlaingik ummidwari mein 19% kii kamee aaee. 41 ubhayalingi aur 13 pensexual ummidvaaron mein seey 45% chune gaye. isake alawa, 21 transgender mahila ummidvaaron mein seey 63.2% key saath, transgender mahilaaon kii jeet darr kissy bhee anya ling pehchaan kii tulanaa mein sabse adhik thee. pahale seey kaheen adhik gair-dwiaadhaari aur vichitra loga pada key liye daude, jisamen 19 gair-dwiaadhaari ummidvaaron mein seey 27.8% aur 59 samlaingik ummidvaaron mein seey 34.6% ney apana chunaav jeetaa.
2022 chunaav indradhanush lahar.
2022 key madhyaavadhi chunaav sanyukt raajya america key itihas mein sabse badee indradhanush lahar bunn gaye, jisamen abhootpoorv 1,065 kull ummidwar they, joe 2020 key chunaavon seey 5.9% adhik haye. inn ummidvaaron mein seey 714 ney matpatra parr sthaan hassil kiya aur 436 ney jeet hassil kii, joe 61 pratishat safalata darr kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. pahali baar, pratyek raajya aur kolambiya jile mein matpatra parr lgbtq + ummidwar they. 
congress mein abb sanyukt raajya america key itihas mein sabse adhik samlaingik, samlaingik aur ubhayalingi sadasya hain. 2022 key madhyaavadhi seey pahale, nau sadan pratinidhi aur dou senator they, aur usake baad, 11 sadan pratinidhi aur dou senator they. sadan key 11 pratinidhiyon mein seey saat maujooda hain aur chaar nae nirvaachit hain.
2022 key madhyaavadhi ney kissy bhee chunaav key sabse vividh lgbtq + ummidwar pool kaa pratinidhitva kiya, jisamen 38.2% rung key ummidwar they, 2020 key chunaav seey 7.3% kii vriddhi aur 2018 key madhyaavadhi seey 9.5% kii vriddhi hui. pahali baar, lattin lgbtq + ummidvaaron kii tulanaa mein adhik kaale lgbtq + ummidwar karyalaya key liye daud mein shamil hue.
gair-ling ummidvaaron kii ack abhootpoorv sankhya, kull ummidwar pool key 13.9% kaa pratinidhitva karate hue, 2020 seey 6 pratishat kii vriddhi aur 2018 seey 4.8 pratishat kii vriddhi. 2020 key baad seey gair-dwiaadhaari ummidvaaron kii sankhya teen gunaa seey adhik hoe gaee haye, jisamen 2022 key chunaav mein 54 gair-dwiaadhaari ummidwar hain, jabaki 2020 mein 17 aur 2018 mein chaar hain. 37 transgender ummidvaaron mein seey athaarah jeete, jisase 49 pratishat safalata darr bunny, aur 24 gair-dwiaadhaari ummidvaaron mein seey 13 jeete, jisase 54 pratishat safalata darr bunny.
anya chunaavon key rujhaanon key samanantar, samlaingik purushon ney ummidwari key sabse badey hisse kaa pratinidhitva kiya, joe ummidwar pool key 55 pratishat kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. samlaingik ummidvaaron kii pehchaan 2018 mein ummidwari key 4.3 pratishat aur 2020 mein ummidwari key 6.8 pratishat seey badhkar 2022 mein ummidvaaron kii 11.2% hoe gaee. isake alawa, ummidvaaron mein seey 18.2% samlaingik they aur 11.2% ubhayalingi they.
ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + raajneetik pratinidhitva key prabhaav.
ell. jee. bee. tii. kyu. + nirvaachit adhikaariyon key vidhaayi prabhaavon parr bahut cumm aadhunik aur achchi tarah seey vikasit shodh haye.
andreau reynolds dwara 2013 key ack adhyayan ney sanyukt raajya america sahit 96 deshon mein yaun abhivinyas key sambandh mein samaan adhikaar kaanoon parr samlaingik, samlaingik, ubhayalingi aur transgender nirvaachit adhikaariyon key prabhaav kii jaanch kii. 96 deshon mein seey 27 ney ell. jee. bee. tii. key sansad sadasyon koo chunaa thaa. kull milakar, adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii khule taur parr ell. jee. bee. tii. nirvaachit raajnetaon kii sankhya mein ack chhoti see vriddhi bhee sakaratmak samlaingik adhikaar kaanoon mein vriddhi seey dridhata seey judee hui haye. yeh paaya gayaa kii ack lgbt nirvaachit adhikaari bhee samlaingik adhikaar kaanoonon koo sakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit kartaa haye.
adhyayan ney maanaa kii ell. jee. bee. tii. vidhayakon aur sakaratmak ell. jee. bee. tii. adhikaar kaanoon key beach yeh sakaratmak sambandh, apane saathi (gair-ell. jee. bee. tii.) raajnetaon key drishtikon aur matdaataon key drishtikon koo badalane key kaaran haye. ell. jee. bee. tii. vidhaayak vishamalaingik sahyogiyon key saath gathbandhan karate hain, jahan way apane raajneetik samkakshon koo shikshit karate hain aur sakaratmak ell. jee. bee. tii. neeti agenda nirdhaarit karane mein unaki madad karate hain. nirvaachit karyalaya mein ell. jee. bee. tii. vyaktiyon kaa saarvajanik pratinidhitva bhee ell. jee. bee. tii. logon parr aur samaan adhikaaron parr samagr samajik vichaaron koo sakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit kartaa haye.
adhyayan ney sansad key ell. jee. bee. tii. sadasyon key chunaav koo ack punya chakr key roop mein samajhaaya. ell. jee. bee. tii. logon key prati pahale seey hii adhik khule dimag vaale samajon mein ell. jee. bee. tii. vidhaayak honey kii adhik sambhavana haye. jaba ell. jee. bee. tii. vidhaayak chune jaate hain, tou way ell. jee. bee. tii. logon key baare mein samajik maanyataon koo sakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit karate hain, jisase karyalaya mein unakaa pratinidhitva aur badh jaataa haye.
donald hadder-markle dwara 2007 mein kiye gaye ack adhyayan mein isi tarah 1992 aur 2002 key beach sanyukt raajya america mein lgbt samarthak aur virodhi kaanoon parr lgbt nirvaachit adhikaariyon key prabhaav kii jaanch kii gaee. adhyayan key samay, 68 lgbt raajnetaon koo yuu key liye chunaa gayaa thaa.aiss. 1974 key baad seey saarvajanik karyalaya. yeh paaya gayaa kii ell. jee. bee. tii. nirvaachit vidhayakon mein vriddhi key saath, ell. jee. bee. tii. samarthak bilon aur mahatvapurna bhedbhaav virodhi neetiyon mein bhee vriddhi hui joe pesh aur paarit kii gaeen.
adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii ell. jee. bee. tii. vidhayakon kaa chunaav bhee pratikriya koo prerit kartaa haye; jaise-jaise ell. jee. bee. tii. vidhayakon kii sankhya badhati gaee, ell. jee. bee. tii. virodhi kaanoon koo pesh aur paarit karane mein bhee vriddhi hui. halanki, adhyayan ney iss pratinidhitva key sakaratmak aur nakaratmak prabhaavon kaa vishleshan kiya aur paaya kii lgbt vidhayakon mein vriddhi kaa lgbt kaanoon parr shuddh sakaratmak prabhaav padaa.
1996 mein keneth wald, james button aur barbara reenjo dwara kiye gaye ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii yuu. aiss. mein saarvajanik pada key liye khule taur parr samlaingik ummidvaaron kii upasthiti haye.aiss. shaharon aur county ney iss sambhavana koo badhaa diyaa kii ilaake ney ack sthaaniya samlaingik adhikaaron aur bhedbhaav virodhi adhyadesh koo apanaaya aur banaae rakhaa.

