
vigyaan kathaa traimasik

vigyaan kathaa traimasik ack americi palp vigyaan kathaa patrika thee joe 1940 seey 1943 taka aur phir 1951 seey 1958 taka prakaashit hui thee. charles hornig ney pahale dou ankon key liye sampaadak key roop mein kaary kiya; robbert aeye. doubleu. londus ney shesh koo sampaadit kiya. "1930 key dashak key anta mein vigyaan kathaa patrikaon mein teji key dauran prakaashak luis sylberclit dwara "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" kii shuruat kii gaee thee. silberclait ney lagbhag ack hii samay mein dou anya vigyaan kathaa sheershak ("vigyaan kathaa" aur "bhavishya kii kathaa") shuru kieh dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta seey pahale teenon kaa prakaashan bund hoe gayaa, joe dheemi bikri aur kagaj kii kamee kaa shikaar hoe gayaa. 1950 aur 1951 mein, jaise-jaise bajar mein sudhaar huaa, silberclait ney "bhavishya kii kathaa" aur "vigyaan kathaa" koo timahi mein phir seey shuru kiya. 1958 mein "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" kaa prakaashan bund honey taka, yeh antim jeevit vigyaan kathaa palp patrika thee, anya sabhi jeevit bache hue loga vibhinn praarupon mein badal gaye they. 
"vigyaan kathaa traimasik" kii neeti pratyek ank mein ack upanyaas koo mukhya kahani key roop mein punah mudrit karane kii thee, aur sylberclit dou praarambhik vigyaan kathaa upanyason aur kaee ray cummings kii pustakon key punah mudran adhikaar praapt karane mein saksham thaa. horn aur loned donon koo hii chhote bajat diye gaye they, aur vishesh roop seey horn koo chhaapane key liye achchi samagri khojane mein pareshani hui thee. londes ney kuchh behtar kiya, kyonki vaha bhavishya key logon mein apane doston koo bulaane mein saksham thaa, ichchuk lekhakon kaa ack samooh jisamen isaq asimov, james blish aur donald wolheim shamil they. patrika key dusare avtaar kii bhee ack pramukh upanyaas chalaane kii neeti thee, halanki vyavhaar mein mukhya kahaaniyan aksar upanyaas kii lambai seey cumm hoti theen. patrika dwara prakaashit behtar-gyaat kahaaniyon mein arther see dwara "sekand donn" they. clark; "antim prashn", isaq asimov dwara; aur "samanya samay", james blish dwara.
itihas kaa prakaashan.
haalaanki vigyaan kathaa (aiss. aff.) 1920 key dashak seey pahale prakaashit hui thee, lekin yeh 1926 mein "adbhut kahaaniyon" kii upasthiti taka ack alag vipanan shally mein ekikrit honah shuru naheen huaa, joe kii hyugo gernsback dwara prakaashit ack palp patrika thee. 1930 key dashak key anta taka, kshetra mein teji aaa rahee thee. luis silberclait, ack prakaashak, jinhone ack baar gernsback key liye kaam kiya thaa, ney march 1939 mein apani neeli ribbon patrikaon key chhaap key tahat "vigyaan kathaa" sheershak seey ack palp patrika shuru kii. ack sampaadak key liye, gernsback ney charles hornig kii sifarish kii, jinhone 1933 seey 1936 taka gernsback key liye "adbhut kahaaniyon" kaa sampadan kiya thaa. silberclait ney sifarish lii, aur hornig koo octuber 1938 mein kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. hornig key paas koee karyalaya naheen thaa; vaha ghar seey kaam kartaa thaa, pandulipiyon aur nakali samagriyon koo chhodane key liye karyalaya mein aataa thaa, aur pramaan key liye typeset samagri uthaata thaa. unhein yeh chunane kii vyaapak swatantrata dee gaee thee kii way kyaa prakaashit karna chaahte hain, kyonki sylberclit key mukhya sampaadak, abner jey. sundale, aiss. aff. key baare mein bahut cumm jaanate they aur patrika chalaane mein shamil naheen hue.
apani laagat koo aur adhik patrikaon mein failaane key liye, silberclait ney jald hii dou atirikt khitaab shuru karane kaa faisala kiya. navambar 1939 mein "bhavishya kii kathaa" kaa pahala ank prakaashit huaa; isake baad julaai 1940 mein "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" prakaashit huaa. hornig teenon patrikaon key sampaadak they. octuber 1940 mein, hornig, joe ack shantivadi they, koo unakaa sainya coll-upp milaa. unhone california jaane aur ack kartavyanishth apatti key roop mein panjikaran karane kaa faisala kiya; unhone paschimi tata seey patrikaon koo sampaadit karna jaari rakhaa, lekin sylberclit iss vyavastha seey nakhush they. silberclait ney hornig koo "vigyaan kathaa" key sampaadak key roop mein apane pada koo banaae rakhane kii anumati dee, aur saim moskovitz koo anya dou shirshakon key sampaadak kii peshkash kii. moskovitz ney yeh kahate hue incar curr diyaa kii vaha "kabhi bhee ack aadami kii naukari parr hamla naheen karenge", lekin bhavishya key lekhakon key ack samooh key sadasya, donald wolheim ney iss prastaav key baare mein sunaa. wolheim ney robbert doubleu koo bataaya. londus, bhavishya key logon key ack anya sadasya, udghaatan key baare mein, aur unase sylberclit koo likhane kaa aagrah kiya. londus ney baad mein wolheim key vichaar koo yaad kiyaah "patra mein, main sujhaav doonga kii soochi mein ack vigyaan kathaa sheershak jodana ack achchha vichaar hoe sakata haye, sampaadak key roop mein merrie sevaaon koo hornig kii tulanaa mein thodi cumm keemat parr pesh kiya jaa rhaa thaa, aur vartamaan mein anya sabhi aiss. aff. shirshakon key saath bhee galati kaa pataa lagaaen, lekin vishesh roop seey hornig key saath. londes bataate hain kii sylberclit ney pralobhan liya aur navambar 1940 mein unhein kaam parr rakhaa; hornig ney california jaane key kaaran aapsi sahamati seey algaav koo yaad kiya. londus baad mein sahmat hue kii yeh vaastavik kaaran honey kii sambhavana haye kii silberclait ney hornug koo badal diyaa.
vigyaan kathaa traimasik" key vasant 1941 key ank aur "bhavishya kii kathaa" key aprail 1941 key ank key liye nimn ank jimmedaar they. shuru mein silberclait ney nichale logon key sampadakiya chaynon parr kadee pakad rakhee, jisamen unhone horning parr adhik niyantran rakhaa, aprail 1941 key liye prastaavit saat kahaaniyon mein seey paanch koo veeto kiya, lekin agast 1941 key ank taka, nichale logon ney baad mein yaad kiya, silberclait santusht thaa kii mujhe pataa thaa kii main kyaa curr rhaa thaa, aur [...] maine sweekaar kii hui kissy bhee kahani kii dekhrekh karane kii aavashyakta naheen thee.
1950 mein sylberclit ney "bhavishya kii kathaa" koo punarjeevit kiya, aur agale varsh unhone maee 1951 kii naee shrinkhala key pahale ank key saath "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" koo vaapas laaya. ack naee patrika, "gatishil vigyaan kathaa", 1952 mein aaee. teenon koo nimn star key logon dwara sampaadit kiya gayaa thaa aur sabhi palp praarup mein they. bikri santoshjanak thee, lekin silberclait ney paachan praarup key saath prayog karane kaa faisala kiya, joe adhik lokpriya honey lagaa thaa. 1955 key anta taka unhone "gatishil vigyaan kathaa" koo radd curr diyaa thaa, "bhavishya kii" kathaa "koo pachaane key liye badal diyaa thaa, aur" vigyaan kathaa "koo ack nae sheershak," vigyaan kathaa kahaaniyon "key tahat ack paachan key roop mein phir seey shuru kiya thaa. kewal "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" palp praarup mein bachee thee-silberclait ney mahsoos kiya kii ack timahi paachan timahi palp kii tarah safal naheen hoga. palp bund hoe rahey they, aur jaba 1956 mein "anya duniya" paachan praarup mein badal gaee, tou "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" ekmatra shesh aiss. aff. patrika bunn gaee joe abhee bhee ack palp key roop mein prakaashit hoe rahee thee. 1957 mein americi samachar company, joe sabse badey patrika vitarakon mein seey ack thee, koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur rashtriya patrika vitaran network mein parinami parivartan, kharaab bikri key saath, antatah "vigyaan kathaa timahi" koo maar daala. antim ank farwari 1958 kaa thaa.
vishay-vastu aur swaagat.
sylberclit kii patrikaon koo bahut seemit bajat diyaa gayaa thaa. hornig ney julius schwartz key saath kaam kiya, joe ack saahityik agent thaa, joe uska dost thaa; isase usey lekhakon kii kahaaniyon taka pahunch millie, jinka pratinidhitva schwartz ney kiya thaa, lekin schwartz apane lekhakon key vaastavik naamon kaa upayog taba taka naheen karane denge jaba taka kii unhein cumm seey cumm ack pratishat prati shabd kaa bhugtan naheen kiya jaataa. hornig apani harr kharidi key liye ack pratishat darr kaa bhugtan naheen curr sakata thaa, isaliye usane schwartz key madhyam seey joe kuchh bhee hassil kiya usake liye aadhe pratishat shabd kaa bhugtan kiya, aur una kahaaniyon koo chhadm naamon key tahat chalaaya. aashcharyajanak roop seey, cumm daron koo dekhate hue, hornig koo bheji gaee kahaaniyon koo aamtaur parr behtar bhugtan vaale baajaron dwara pahale hii khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. iska parinam ausat darje kii kalpana thee, yahaan taka kii behtar gyaat lekhakon seey bhee joe hornig koo aakarshit karane mein saksham they. patrikaon ney sweekriti key bajaay prakaashan parr bhugtan kiya, aur iss dheemi bhugtan ney kuchh lekhakon koo samagri jamaa karane seey bhee hatotsaahit kiya.
"vigyaan kathaa traimasik" kaa uddeshya pratyek ank mein ack poorna-lambai upanyaas koo shamil karna thaa. silberclait ney hyugo gernsback seey "science wonder traimasik" seey dou upanyason koo phir seey chhaapane kii anumati praapt keeh aar dwara "dha moone concurrers".aich. roman, aur otto villie gell dwara "anant mein shott". haalaanki yeye kahaaniyan kuchh hudd taka purani theen, lekin way apani anya patrikaon key liye kaalpanik hornig kii tulanaa mein behtar gunavatta vaali theen. jaba londus ney apana kaam sambhala, tou harr ank mein ack upanyaas koo shamil karane kii neeti jaari rahee, aur silberclait ney phir seey inmein seey kuchh sthaanon koo bharane key liye punarmudran adhikaar praapt kiye, iss baar ray cummings key saath, jinake paanch upanyaas agale dou varshon mein "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" mein dikhaai denge, 1941 key grishmakaaleen ank mein "tarrano dha kankar" seey shuru hotey hue. patrika mein shesh sthaan koo bharane key liye nimn logon ney bhavishya key logon seey kaee kahaaniyan khareedin. yeye parivartansheel gunavatta key they, lekin ack baar jaba nimn star key logon ney niyantran leey liya tou samagr roop seey "vigyaan kathaa timahi" mein sudhaar huaa, aur kathaaen utani hii achchi theen yaa samkaaleen patrikaon mein paaee jaane vaali kahaaniyon seey behtar theen.
jaba patrika koo punarjeevit kiya gayaa thaa, taba bhee pramukh upanyason koo prakaashit karane aur shesh sthaan koo laghu kathaaon seey bharane kii neeti thee, lekin vaastav mein, kuchh apvaadon key saath, mukhya kathaa upanyaas kii lambai kii naheen thee. pahale sanskaran key roop mein aur adhik punarmudran naheen they. nimn star key loga apane lekhakon koo una daron kaa bhugtan karane mein asamarth they joe iss kshetra mein agrani patrikaon key saath pratispardhi they, lekin way ack saksham sampaadak they aur harr timahi mein uchit gunavatta kii ack patrika kaa nirmaan karate they. bhavishyavaadi abhee bhee kabhi-kabhi "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" mein dikhaai dete they, lekin nimnatam ney kuchh nae lekhakon koo bhee aakarshit kiya, jaise kii paul anderson, villium taine aur arther see. clark. clark kii "sekand donn", joe agast 1951 key ank mein dikhaai dee, una behtar kahaaniyon mein seey ack haye joe nimn logon koo praapt karane mein saksham thee; unhone navambar 1956 key ank mein isaq asimov kaa "antim prashn" aur agast 1953 mein james blish kaa "common time" bhee prakaashit kiya. clerson aur ell. shivir kaa nirmaan karein. blish, villium ethling key roop mein likhana, junier., 1953 mein tippani kii kii lekhakon koo cumm daron aur dheemi gati seey bhugtan key bavjood, londus sabhi sylberclit kii vigyaan kathaa patrikaon key saath "aashcharyajanak roop seey achchha kaam" curr rahey they.
granthasuchi vivaran.
charles hornig "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" key pahale avtaar key pahale dou ankon key sampaadak they; robbert doubleu. londus ney baad key sabhi muddon koo sampaadit kiya. patrika donon shrinkhalaon mein goode key praarup mein mudrit kii gaee thee. 144 prishthon key liye pahali daud key dauran keemat 25 sent thee; doosari shrinkhala 25 sent seey shuru hui, lekin agast 1957 key ank key liye keemat badhkar 35 sent hoe gaee. doosari shrinkhala key liye prishth ginati 128 prishthon kii thee, lekin navambar 1953 key ank seey laker maee 1957 key ank taka yeh 96 prishthon kaa thaa. pahale ank key liye prakaashak double action patrikaaen theen, jinake karyalaya holyok, massachusets mein they; isake baad prakaashak patrika key donon sanskaranon key liye kolambiya prakaashan they. double action aur kolambiya donon kaa swaamitva luis silberclait key paas thaa.
pahali shrinkhala key teen british punarmudran they, sabhi gerald swan dwara prakaashit kiye gaye they. 1940 key grishmakaaleen ank koo dou baar punarmudrit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh pahale (cutt key saath) farwari 1942 mein "yanki science fiction", ank 3 key roop mein dikhaai diyaa, aur phir phir, binaa katey, ack paperback key roop mein, sheershak "dha moone concurrers", 1943 mein. sheetkaleen 1941/42 ank koo bhee 1943 mein punarmudran kiya gayaa thaa, jiska sheershak thaa "chauthe ayam aur anya kahaaniyon mein".
doosari shrinkhala key duss ank yuu mein punarmudrit kiye gaye they.key. thorp aur porter dwara. mudde, jinhen yuu seey kaat diyaa gayaa thaa.aiss. farwari 1952 aur agast 1955 key beach prakaashit honey vaale sanskaranon mein maee 1951 seey maee 1954 taka pahale 13 ankon mein seey 10 key anuroop they. hataae gaye ank navambar 1951, maee 1952 aur agast 1953 they. prakaashan kaa adesh americi sanskaranon key liye samaan naheen thaah anukram 51/agast 51/farwari 52/navambar 52/agast 52/maee 53/farwari 53/farwari 53/maee 54 thaa. pahala ank 132 prishthon kaa thaa; dusare ank key liye ginati 130 prishthon taka cumm curr dee gaee thee, phir dou ankon key liye 100 prishthon taka, aur usake baad 98 prishthon taka. pahale dou ankon key liye keemat 2/- (10p) aur shesh aathh muddon key liye 1/- (5p) thee.
kewal "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" seey lii gaee kahaaniyon kaa koee sankalan naheen haye."haalaanki, 1960 key dashak mein ivan howard ney sylberclit kii prakaashan chhaap, belmont pustakon key liye kaee sanklanon kaa sampadan kiya, jisamen poori tarah seey sylberclit kii patrikaon seey samagri lii gaee thee. inmein seey ack, "durlabh vigyaan kathaa" (1963) mein "vigyaan kathaa traimasik" kii teen kahaaniyan shamil theen."

