
alekjendar andrewich baranov

alekjendar andrewich baranov (; 1747-1819), kabhi-kabhi alexander yaa alekjendar aur baranoff kii vartani, ack russie vyaapaari aur vyaapaari they, joe cyberia mein kuchh samay key liye kaam karate they. unhein russie america mein vyaapaar key liye shelikhov-golikov company dwara bharti kiya gayaa thaa, jisaki shuruat 1790 mein chauki key prabandhak key roop mein paanch saal key anubandh key saath hui thee. unhone apane anubandh kii antim tithi seey aage seva karna jaari rakhaa.
1799 mein baranov koo padonnat kiya gayaa, haal hii mein chartered russie-americi company dwara mukhya prabandhak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa, joe prabhaavi roop seey russie america key pahale governor they. unhone 1818 taka seva kii. yeh bastiyon key vistaar kaa praarambhik aupaniveshik kaal thaa. unhone pavlovskaya (kodiak) aur baad mein nae pradhaan doot (sitka), russie upaniveshon kii sthaapana kii joe vartamaan alaska mein company key aadhar they. isake alawa, unhone alaska key mool nivaasiyon key saath aakarshak farr vyaapaar key vistaar kaa nireekshan kiya.
unhone apani russie patni aur bachchon kaa samarthan karna jaari rakhaa, joe cyberia seey sent pietersberg key paas rahane key liye vaapas aaa gaee theen. pietersberg. pavlovskaya mein, baranov ack aloot mahila koo malkin key roop mein leey gayaa aur usake saath teen mishrit-jaati key bachche they. yeh jaanane key baad kii unaki patni kii mrityu 1807 mein roose mein hui thee, unhone apani malkin seey shaadi curr lii, aur unake bachchon koo vaidh banaa diyaa. 1817 mein alaska mein paida hui unaki sabse badee betty irina ney ack russie nausena adhikaari semyon yanowski seey shaadi kii. 1818 key anta mein, yanowski koo baranov key mukhya prabandhak aur uttaradhikari key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. usa varsh baranov roose vaapas jaane key liye ravaana hue, lekin aprail 1819 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee aur unhein samudra mein dafnaya gayaa.
praarambhik jeevan aur parivaar.
alekjendar andrewich baranov kaa janm 1747 mein sent mein kargopol mein huaa thaa. russie samrajya kaa pietersberg praant. vaha putra thaa 
russie stareekrit varg mein ack nimn-varg vyaapaari yaa "mestchanin", andre baranov. baranov pandrah saal kii cumm umr mein ghar seey bhaag gaye aur masco chaley gaye, jahan way ghar lautane seey pahale ack clerk bunn gaye.
shaadi key baad aur apane pahale bachche (ack betty) key janm key baad, baranov apane yuva parivaar koo seema key avsaron key liye cyberia leey gaye. irkutsk mein, vaha apane bhaai key saath ack vyaapaari aur curr sangraahak bunn gayaa. antatah, unaki patni baranov koo chhod curr apani betty aur god liye gaye dou chhote bachchon key saath kargopol laut aaee. russie roodhivaadi church mein koee talaak naheen thaa. baranov ney door seey una sabhi kaa samarthan kiya.
russie america kii sthaapana.
baranov koo lagbhag diwalia curr dene vaale vyaavsaayik ulataferon key kaaran, unhein ack vyaapaari aur vikaskarta grigori ivanovic shelikhov dwara diye gaye avsaron seey russie america kii or aakarshit kiya gayaa, jinhone kodiak dweep parr badhate russie samudri farr vyaapaar koo badhaane key liye ack basti sthaapit kii thee. baranov ney 1790 key anta mein shelikhov-golikov company key mukhya prabandhak key roop mein shuru honey aur kodiak dweep kshetra mein atirikt vyaparik chaukiyon kii sthaapana aur prabandhan key liye paanch saal key anubandh koo sweekaar kiya.
1790 mein okhotsk, cyberia seey russie america key kodiak dweep key raaste mein, baranov koo octuber mein alaska praaydweep key karib ack alutian dweep unlaska dweep parr apane jahaaj key malabe kaa saamana karna padaa. yeh kodiak seey lagbhag 600 meal door thaa. sthaaniya swadeshi alette logon kii mahatvapurna madad seey, baranov aur unake jahaaj key saathi sardiyon mein butch gaye. unhone 1791 key vasant mein deshi samudra mein jaane vaali naukaaon key madhyam seey apani yatra jaari rakhee aur kodiak dweep pahunche.
1792 mein, baranov ney russie basti koo teen sant khaadi seey sthanantarit curr diyaa, jisane ack kshetra koo safal honey key liye bahut adhik baadhit curr diyaa thaa, jise unhone "pavlovskaya" (baad mein kodiak key roop mein punarnamit kiya gayaa) kahaa. 1793 mein, unhone voscressensky key bandargah kii sthaapana kii, joe aadhunik samay kaa seaward haye. 1794 mein, russie-americi company (aar. aeye. see.) key liye kaam karane vaale ack british samudri kaptan key nirdesh mein punrutthan khaadi mein ack samudra mein jaane vaalaa naukaayan jahaaj banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh coloniyon key liye unaki parivahan aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane mein mahatvapurna thaa. isake turant baad, russie roodhivaadi padariyon kaa ack samooh russie america mein aaya. unake vichaar aksar baranov key prabandhan key tarikon, vishesh roop seey deshi shramikon key vipareet they.
unhone 1795 mein roose key 30 daas krishak parivaaron key liye yakutat khaadi mein ack basti kii sthaapana kii. 1797 taka, baranov koo badalane key liye dou saal kaa samay thaa, aur unake paas raahat kaa koee shabd naheen thaa. usa varsh, baranov kii allute malkin ney apane bete, antipator koo janm diyaa. unaki malkin key saath unake dou aur mishrit-nasl key russie bachche they, jinhen russie naam bhee diyaa gayaah irina aur ekaterina. yeh jaanane key baad kii roose mein unaki patni kii mrityu hoe gaee thee, baranov ney apane bachchon koo vaidh thaharaate hue aloot mahila seey shaadi curr lii.
russie-americi company.
roose kii tatkalin rajdhani sent pietersberg mein, nikolai rezanov ack uchch adhikaari, zaar key kaksh mein rahane vaale they. vaha shelikhov company key uttaradhikari, rack key adhyaksh bhee they, jisake madhyam seey roose ney alaska parr kabja curr liya aur shasson kiya. shaahi darbar mein rezanov key prabhaav key kaaran, 1799 mein baranov koo mukhya prabandhak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa-joe kii aleutian aur kuril dweepon sahit kshetra mein rack key sabhi hiton kaa prabandhan kartaa thaa. haalaanki, sent key beach pratyek raaste parr ack saal kii yatra key samay key kaaran. pietersberg aur alaska, yeh 1800 key anta mein thaa jaba baranov koo apani padonnati aur vistaarit jimmedariyon key baare mein pataa chalaa.
sent mein sarkaar key saath sanchaar. pietersberg itna mushkil thaa kii baranov koo kissy bhee mahatvapurna mudde parr nirnay lene key liye lagbhag poori tarah seey apane dumm parr chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. sabhi vyaavhaarik mamalon key liye, vaha alaska kii sarkaar thee. 1799 mein, baranov ney faisala kiya thaa kii dakshinpurvi alaska mein roose kii joth parr kathit british atikraman key liye unhein usa kshetra mein ack rakshaatmak kille kaa nirmaan karane kii aavashyakta thee. jabaki rusiyon kaa kahana thaa kii unhone tullingit seey bhoomi kaa ack hissa kharida aur sitka dweep parr ack kilaa aur basti kaa nirmaan kiya, jisamen sitka dhwani dikhaai detee thee, tullingit kaa maanana thaa kii bhoomi kaa swaamitva naheen hoe sakata haye, isaliye iska matlab haye kii rusiyon dwara kabja kii gaee bhoomi kabhi naheen kharidi gaee thee. unakaa maanana thaa kii yeh sunishchit karna mahatvapurna thaa kii yeh kshetra british niyantran key bajaay roose key adheen rahey.
1802 mein, baranov key kodiak mein mamalon koo sambhaalane key liye lautane key baad, sitka dweep parr tullingit janjaati ney rusiyon koo nishkaasit karane kaa faisala kiya. baad vaale ney khaali karane key liye tullingit chetavaniyon kii avahelana kii. yuddh pramukh kataliyan (michenar key "alaska" mein "coat-leey-aine" kii vartani) key netritva mein, tullingit ney sitka basti mein lagbhag sabhi parr hamla kiya aur unakaa narsamhar curr diyaa. baranov ney bhaaratiya nadee key sitka parr kataliyan key nae kille parr hamla karane key liye nausena balon aur lagbhag 700 aloot yoddhaon kii senaa koo ikattha karke jawab diyaa. unakaa irada asthaayi roop seey satka dweep seey tullingit koo dhakelana thaa taaki satka dhwani parr sabse ranneetik sthal parr ack nayaa russie kilaa banaaya jaa sakey. yeh ack aisee jagah parr hoga jahan lambe samay seey tullingit kaa kabja thaa, joe isake ranneetik moolya koo bhee jaanate they.
baranov koo bahut ashcharya aur santushti hui, jaba vaha yuddh kii taiyari curr rhaa thaa, tou zaar alekjendar pratham ney usey collegiate counsellor key pada parr padonnat karane kaa adesh diyaa-joe kuleenata key russie rankon key beach mein ack pada thaa. mestchanin" key nimn varg seey, joe kuleenata seey bahut neeche thaa, unhein shaahi russie nausena key jahaaj kaptanon key barabar yaa behtar pada parr padonnat kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone unake nimn samajik pada key kaaran unake saath vinamrata seey vyavhaar kiya thaa.
sitka kii ladaai.
sitambar 1804 mein, baranov ney apani senaa key saath sitka dhwani mein yatra kii, jisamen frigate "neva" bhee shamil thaa. baranov ney kataliyan aur anya mool nivaasiyon seey mulakat kii aur ack shantipurna samadhan parr baatchit karane kii koshish kii, lekin safalata naheen millie. sitka kii ladaai shuru honey seey thheek pahale, adhikansh tullingit barud (angrejon aur amerikiyon seey praapt) mein visfot hoe gayaa. yeh russie golibari seey prabhaavit huaa jaba ack yuddh dongi mein tullingit yoddhaon dwara ack chhote seey dweep parr bhandaran seey apane mukhya kille mein leey jaaya gayaa. iss nuksan ney tullingit defence koo bahut kamjor curr diyaa.
russie jamini balon ney bhaaratiya nadee mein tullingit kille parr asafal roop seey hamla kiya. isake baad, unhone yuddhapot "neva" kii badee bandookon seey nausena kii bambari parr dhyaan kendrit kiya."kaee dinon key baad, tullingit ney apane kille koo chhod diyaa aur uttar mein nikatvarti chichagof dweep kii or" "uttarjeevita march" "mein bhaag gaye. baranov ney turant sitka dhwani key purvi kinare parr ack chattan key oopar ack nae kille kaa nirmaan shuru curr diyaa. jald hii rusiyon key liye bhojan kii kamee hoe gaee. baranov ney apane dipty ivan kuskov kii kamaan mein ack 50 phut kii paal nauka bheji, joe 2800 meal door havaai koo raajaa kamehameha seey tatkaal aavashyak khaadya aapoorti praapt karane key liye bheji, joe lambe samay seey vyaparik mitra thaa. kuskov sitka mein rusiyon key bhukhmari koo rokane key liye samay parr aapoorti key saath laut aae.
rezanov nireekshan.
1805 mein, tullingit yoddhaon ney yakutat mein russie basti parr hamla kiya aur uska narsamhar kiya, jise baranov ney chhodane kaa faisala kiya. usa varsh key anta mein, zaar key chamberlain aur rack key adhyaksh nikolai rezanov ack nireekshan yatra key liye russie america pahunche. unhone afavaahen sunee theen kii baranov mamalon kaa galat prabandhan curr rahey they. lekin rezanov kii zaar koo parinami reports ney baranov key prabandhan kii prashansa kii aur governor key khilaf afvaahon koo asantosh key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya.
baranov ney apane pada seey mukt honey key liye kahaa taaki vaha roose laut sakein aur apane parivaar koo phir seey vahaan dekh sakein. baranov koo rack upaniveshon key liye apariharya maanate hue, rezanov ney ack nishchit uttar seey parhej kiya.
1806 key vasant mein, rezanov oodabilaav key farr key badale tatkaal aavashyak khaadya aapoorti praapt karane key liye spanish-niyantrit california mein sitka seey saine francisco key liye ravaana hue. unhone united kingdam aur sanyukt raajya america key khilaf spanish key saath gathbandhan sthaapit karane kii bhee koshish kii. uttari california key spanish key saath iss yatra key dauran, vaha saine francisco mein spanish garrison key commander kii prasiddh sunder betty maria dee laa concepsion "konchita" argelo seey mohit hoe gaye. dhaarmik anumodan key adheen, way shaadi karane key liye pratibaddh hoe gaye, kyonki vaha roman catholic thee aur vaha russie roodhivaadi thaa. rezanov ney socha kii yeh sambhaavit match uttari america mein russie/spanish sahyog key liye ack vardan hoga.
vaha aavashyak bhojan laker satka laut aaya. vahaan seey, vaha sent key liye hajaaron meal kii bhoomi yatra shuru karane key liye cyberia key liye ravaana hue. pietersberg apani shaadi key liye russie roodhivaadi paadari varg seey aavashyak dhaarmik anumodan lene key liye. cyberia key paar ghode parr savaar hocker sardiyon kii kathor yatra key dauran, rezanov beemar hoe gaye aur unaki mrityu hoe gaee. prashant key ack sanyukt russie-spanish samrajya kaa unakaa mahaan sapana vaheen samaapt hoe gayaa.
baad key varshon mein.
1807 mein baranov koo order off sent seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. annaa, unaki safal dridhata aur netritva key liye dwiteeya shreni. usa varsh unhein khabar millie kii unaki russie patni kii mrityu hoe gaee haye. baranov ney russie roodhivaadi church mein apani mool malkin seey shaadi kii aur unake teen bachchon koo vaidh banaa diyaa. vartamaan mein sitka mein ack thhos upasthiti koo phir seey sthaapit karane mein unaki safalata key bavjood, jisamen baranov ney russie america kii rajdhani kodiak seey sthanantarit curr dee thee, unake shasson kaa sthaaniya virodh thaa.
unhone apani raksha key liye apani baahari kameej key neeche lohe kii mell kii kameej pahani hui thee. tullingit ney hatyaa key kaee asafal prayaas kiye, aur apane kavach key baare mein naa jaanate hue, apane astitva seey chakit they. 1810 mein, baranov koo apane hii kuchh asantusht russie sainikon dwara hatyaa kaa khatra thaa, lekin unhein chetavani dee gaee aur prayaas koo whiffle curr diyaa gayaa. iss beach, unhein pataa chalaa kii baranov koo raahat dene key liye rack dwara niyukt kiye gaye logon kii alaska key raaste mein mrityu hoe gaee, jisase unhein bahut nirasha hui.
samudri oodabilaav aur seal farr key vyaapaar mein teji aaney key kaaran iss kshetra mein gatividhi badhee. baranov ney mool shikariyon koo california key taton koo shamil karane key liye apani seema kaa vistaar karane key liye raaji kiya. baranov ney alaska key mool amerikiyon key liye adhik shaikshik avsaron kii bhee vakaalat kii. unake netritva mein, school banaae gaye aur seemavarti samudaay cumm alag-thalag hoe gaye. baranov key shasson key dauran, russie roodhivaadi missionaryon ney russie america mein vyaapak roop seey kaam kiya. unhone bible kaa anuvaad tullingit aur anya mool bhaashaon mein kiya, una bhaashaon mein saamoohik roop seey prachaar kiya, aur mool nivaasiyon koo chechak key khilaf teeka lagaaya.
1812 mein, baranov ney saine francisco seey lagbhag 50 meal uttar mein california mein fort rose kii sthaapana kii. iska uddeshya alaska key samudaayon koo bhojan upalabdh karaane key liye krishi utpaadon koo vikasit karna thaa.
scaffer mamla.
1815 mein, baranov ney dow. georgia schafer, ack chikitsak, alaska seey canton, chean key teji seey badhate farr baajaron mein farr leey jaane vaale russie jahaajon koo samaayojit karane key liye ack way station sthaapit karane key liye havaai gaye. raajaa kamahameha kii narajgi key kaaran schafer havaai rajneeti mein shamil hoe gaye; unhein chean key liye prasthaan karane aur russie kilon koo kaavaai parr chhodane key liye majboor honah padaa. havaai pariyojana baranov kii sabse badee viphalata thee, jisase rack parr kaafee kharch huaa.
iss viphalata key parinamswarup, baranov kii umr (70) key baare mein chinta, aur alaska seey laut rahey nausena adhikaariyon dwara unake khilaf aaropon key parinamswarup, rack board off directors ney russie nausena key kaptan koo niyukt karane kaa faisala kiya. ell. tii. ludwig wonn hegemister (jise russie mein leonities key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) alaska jaane key liye, baranov key khilaf aaropon kii jaanch karane key liye, aur unhein mukhya prabandhak aur governor key roop mein pratisthaapit karane key liye. vaha 1817 taka alaska naheen pahuncha aur 1818 kii shuruat mein baranov kii jagah leey liya. 
sevaanivritti aur mrityu.
hagaemister navambar 1817 mein ack lekhakar, kiril khlebnikov (baad mein baranov key pahale jeevanikaar) key saath, baranov key kathit galat kaam key kissy bhee saboot key liye russie america key vittiya record kaa audit karane key liye sitka pahunche. hegemister janwari 1818 mein mukhya prabandhak aur governor key roop mein baranov key uttaradhikari baney. khlebnikov koo karyalaya prabandhak niyukt kiya gayaa, jise company kii kull dhaaee million rubal kii poonji praapt hui. khlebnikov key lekha pariksha seey pataa chalaa kii kitaaben sabhi aaya aur samvitaran key hisab seey rubal key saath santulit theen. baranov dwara durvyavahar kaa koee saboot naheen thaa. audit seey pataa chalaa kii baranov vyaktigat roop seey lagbhag diwalia thaa kyonki usane apane poore shasson key dauran apane dhana seey vittiya sankat mein dusaron kii madad karane kii pratha banaai thee.
julaai 1818 key anta mein, duniya bhar mein yatra karane vaalaa ack russie shaahi nausena kaa jahaaj ack maheene seey bhee cumm samay kii sankshipt yatra key liye sitka pahuncha. jahaaj parr mikhail tikhanov they, joe ack nausena kalakar they jinhen yatra kaa dastavejikaran karane key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. agast 1818 mein, tikhanov ney baranov kaa ack tail chitra aur tullingit pramukh kataliyan aur unaki patni kaa jall rung chitrit kiya. yeye dou lambe samay seey virodhi, jinhone antatah shaanti sthaapit kii thee, key jivankal key dauran banaai gaee ekmatra samaantaaen theen. yeh taba chitrit kiya gayaa thaa jaba way 71 varsh key they, unaki mrityu seey chhah maheene pahale. catalian painting mein, pramukh kii umr lagbhag 45 varsh haye. usey apane galey seey ack halki shrinkhala parr latakaae hue "roose key sahyogiyon" key saath dikhaaya gayaa haye, aur pramukh key peechhe kii doori parr baranov kaa "mahal" kilaa haye. ack hii samay mein ack hii kalakar dwara ack saath banaae gaye donon chitra yuddh aur shaanti parr ack ullekhaniya kathaa prastut karate hain.
octuber 1818 mein, hegemister ney apane dwiteeya-inn-kamaand nausena leftinent koo niyukt kiya. semyon yanowski, taba taka irina baranov key pati aur iss prakaar baranov key damad, mukhya prabandhak aur governor key roop mein kaary karane key liye. 1820 mein yanowski koo matway muraviv key saath badal diyaa gayaa thaa, jinhen seedhe rack key board dwara niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 27 navambar koo, baranov aur hegemister ney roose key liye nausena key jahaaj "kutuzov" parr alaska koo ack saath chhod diyaa. jahaaj ack aise maarg parr dakshin kii or badh rhaa thaa joe ise african mahadweep key tala parr achchi ummeed key cape key chaaron or paschim kii or leey jaayega, uttar kii or sent taka jaane key liye. pietersberg. raaste mein, jahaaj ney march 1819 mein jaava dweep parr batavia kii dutch basti mein ack vistaarit padaav banaaya, joe usa samay aupaniveshik dutch east indies (vartamaan indoneshiya) kaa hissa thaa. baranov vahaan beemar hoe gaye, aur jahaaj key apani yatra phir seey shuru karane key turant baad, 16 aprail 1819 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unhein panaitan seey door sandaa jaldamroomadhya mein samudra mein dafnaya gayaa, kabhi bhee apani matribhoomi yaa apane parivaar taka naheen pahuncha.

