denmark-norwey aur holstein mein sudhaar

denmark-norwey aur holstein mein sudhaar ney solahavin shatabdi key pahale bhaag mein oldenberg key dennish-adharit gharaane dwara shaasit kshetron mein kaitholikwad seey luthranwad mein sankraman dekhaa. aaee. dee. 1. mein kalmar sangh key tootane key baad, inn kshetron mein denmark key raajya (poorv dennish praanton key saath scunnelland mein) aur norwey (iceland, greenland aur faaro dweepon key saath) aur schlesswig (ack dennish fiff) aur holstein (ack german fiff) key duchy shamil they, jisake tahat denmark aaj kii gottland (abb sweeden kaa hissa) aur astonia mein ocel parr bhee faila huaa thaa.
protestant sudhaar 1520 key dashak mein holstein aur denmark taka pahunch gayaa. luther off denmark" key roop mein bhee jaane jaane vaale huns tausan jaise luthran hastiyon koo aabaadi aur isai dwiteeya seey kaafee samarthan milaa, aur halanki baad vaale key uttaradhikari fredrick ney aadhikarik taur parr sudharatmak vichaaron kii ninda kii, lekin unhone unake prasaar koo sahan kiya. unake putra isai tritiya ney 1528 mein aadhikarik taur parr apani sampatti mein luthranwad kii shuruat kii, aur ginati key yuddh key baad 1536 mein raajaa banane parr, luthranwad sabhi denmark-norwey mein aadhikarik hoe gayaa. catholic bishapon koo hataa diyaa gayaa aur giraftar curr liya gayaa, aur 1537 (denmark-norwey) aur 1542 (holstein) mein luther key dost johannes buggenhagen key tatvavdhan mein taiyar kiye gaye luthran church key aadeshon key aadhar parr church kaa punargathan kiya gayaa.
protestant sudhaar key dauran sthaapit luthran adesh denmark key church, norwey key church, iceland key church aur faaro dweepon key church kii aam jarh haye. isane isai IV key tahat tees saal key yuddh mein denmark kii asafal bhagidari koo bhee shuru curr diyaa, jinhone catholic leag key prati-sudhaar key khilaf ack protestant gathbandhan kii raksha kaa netritva kiya.
prishthabhoomi, gustaf trolley, adesh aur ack kaaryasheel church kii aavashyakta.
sweeden mein upsala key catholic archbishop, gustaf trolley (aur pope leo aiks key samarthan seey), 1518 mein archbishop key almare-stuckett mahal key sansad key vidhvans key kaaran swedish regent steor dha young aur sweeden kii sansad, ricksdag key saath sangharsh mein thaa. trolley samarthak sangh (kalmar union) thaa aur christian II key saath sambaddh thaa jisane 1520 kii sharad ritu mein sweeden kii sanghwadi vijay kii thee. trolley koo archbishop key roop mein bahaal kiya gayaa thaa aur stockholm raktapaat koo anjam diyaa gayaa thaa. stockholm mein 7 aur 9 navambar 1520 key beach hue mukdamon key kaaran 84 logon koo tatkaal fansi dee gaee, jinamen chaudah kuleen, teen berger, chaudah nagar paarshad aur stockholm key lagbhag bees aam nagrik shamil they, jinhen fansi dee gaee yaa unakaa sir kalam curr diyaa gayaa, jinamen seey kaee aim. pee. aiss. they. pope ney trolley koo catholic church seey cannon kaanoon dwara sansad koo bahishkrit karane (aur unhein nishpaadit karane) kaa likhit adhikaar diyaa kyonki unake khilaf vidharmiyon aur adesh (church hadtaal) kii ghoshana kii gaee thee. 1521 mein swedish mukti sangram key dauran trolley koo jald hii denmark bhaagne key liye majboor honah padaa, jisake dauran gustaav vaasaa bahishkrit sansad key samarthan seey sweeden mein satta mein aaya. troll kii sthiti aur pope seey unake samarthan key bavjood, gustaav vaasaa ney unhein archbishop key roop mein maanyata dene seey incar curr diyaa aur troll koo deshdrohi key roop mein aswikar curr diyaa. rome kaa dabaav ack yogdan kaarak thaa kii kyon gustaav vaasaa ney kabhi bhee vatican key saath sambandh phir seey sthaapit naheen kiya, aur sweeden mein sudhaar kii shuruat karke protestantwad kii shuruat kii. 
denmark mein rahate hue, troll bhee christian II kaa samarthan karke raajneetik sangharsh key haarne vaale paksh parr samaapt hoe gayaa, jise padchyut curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur denmark key fredrick I aur denmark key fredrick key uttaradhikari christian III dwara raajaa key roop mein pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. christian II aur trolle key dushmanon key roop mein, denmark key fredrick I aur baad mein denmark key christian III key bhee popsi key saath tanaavpurna sambandh they jinhone catholic christian II kaa samarthan kiya thaa. count key jhagade mein, popsi aur trolley ney isai samarthak gutt II kaa samarthan karke phir seey haarne vaale paksh kaa samarthan kiya. 1536 mein yuddh key anta mein, jaba isai III ney coppenhagen mein pravesh kiya, tou archbishop torbane billy koo dou anya bishapon key saath giraftar kiya gayaa joe usa samay shahar mein they. raajya key anya bishapon koo bhee desh bhar mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. raeeson ney satta leey lii aur raajaa ney 20 octuber, 1536 koo coppenhagen mein ack lords day kaa ahwan kiya aur iss parr yeh nirnay liya gayaa kii bishapon koo padchyut curr diyaa jaayega aur unaki sampattiyon koo taaj dwara jabt curr liya jaayega. cathedral adhyaayon aur mathon koo taba taka apani gatividhiyon koo jaari rakhane kii anumati dee gaee jaba taka kii unamen sudhaar naheen kiya gayaa. mathon key bhikshuon koo mathon koo chhodane kii anumati dee gaee thee, lekin aggar way rahane kaa vikalp chunate hain, tou way luther granthon kaa prachaar karate hain. isai III ney yeh bhee maang kii kii paarshad aashvast karein kii kissy bhee bhavishya key bishap koo denmark mein dharmnirpeksh shakti kaa prayog karane kii anumati naheen dee jaayegi.
isai III ney ack riyasat rashtriya church koo vyavasthit karane key liye kaam kiya, joe rome mein pope aur catholic church seey swatantra thaa. 1537 mein raajaa key adesh seey ack nayaa church adesh taiyar kiya gayaa thaa aur 1539 mein antim roop mein lagu kiya jaa sakata thaa. bishap koo adhikshakon dwara bishap pramukhon key roop mein pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, ack upaadhi joe, halanki, alpakaalik hoe gaee aur jald hii bishap naam parr laut aaee. inhen raajaa dwara niyukt kiya jaayega aur unhein koee badee aaya arjit karane kii anumati naheen dee jaayegi. paadari sabhaa koo susamachar kaa prachaar karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa aur mandali koo susamachar key siddhant mein laaya jaanaa thaa. bachchon key liye luthran catachism kii shuruat kii gaee thee. iss prakaar, sudhaar koo denmark mein poori tarah seey lagu kiya gayaa thaa.
sudharatmak vichaaron kaa prasaar.
pahale seey hii 1525 mein, antvorskov key mathh key ack shurveer hospitaller, huns tausen ney viborg mein luthran siddhanton kaa prachaar karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. isake baad key varshon mein, luthran andolan poore desh mein failna shuru hoe gayaa, aur halanki raajaa fredrick ney luthernism key khilaf ladane key liye apane "handfesting" ('charter') mein pratigya kii thee, phir bhee unhone 1526 mein viborg key nagrikon koo ack adesh jaari kiya, jisamen unhein huns tausen kii raksha karane key liye baadhya kiya gayaa thaa.
evangelical andolan kii utpatti germany mein hui thee, jahan martin luther ney 1517 mein apane "nabbe-paanch shodh prabandh" post kiye they. andolan ney jaldi seey denmark mein bahut prabhaav praapt kiya, haalaanki paul helgason jaise manavtavadiyon ney lambe samay taka catholic church key bheetar ack sudhaar andolan koo banaae rakhane kii koshish kii, bajaay isake kii ise poori tarah seey samaapt curr diyaa jaae jaisa kii luthran karenge.
1530 key dashak key pahale varshon key dauran, raajaa kii nishkriyata ney logon koo mathon aur churchon parr hamla karane key liye protsaahit kiya. poorv raajaa isai dwiteeya, joe 1526 seey nirvaasan mein reh rahey they, ney ashanti kaa laabh uthaaya aur apane aur nae luthran siddhant key liye andolan karate hue prachaar lekhan jaari kiye. jaba 1533 mein fredrick pratham kii mrityu hoe gaee, tou raajya kii parishad iss baat parr samjhauta naheen curr sakee kii nayaa raajaa kaun honah chaahiye. ack catholic bahumat ney fredrick key 12 varsheeya bete koo pasand kiya, jisamen schlesswig-holstein-headerslave kaa badaa haye, jabaki ack alpasankhyak ney huns key sautele bhaai isai kaa samarthan kiya, jinhone 1520 key dashak key dauran slacewig aur holston key duke key roop mein vahaan luthernism kii shuruat kii thee.
asahamati key kaaran ack nae raajaa kaa chunaav ack saal key liye sthagit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. iss beach, kshetra kii parishad ney desh koo shaasit kiya, jisase bishapon koo yeh taya karane kii anumati millie kii unake sambandhit dharmpranton mein kyaa prachaar kiya jaa sakata haye. isake alawa, huns tausan parr pakhand kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa aur usey zeeland seey nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin roskilde key bishap ney usey kewal ack maheene key baad vaapas bulaa liya. parishad key madhyam seey desh parr niyantran karane vaale kuleen varg key saath asantosh ney malmo aur coppenhagen key nagrikon key saath-saath kisaanon, vishesh roop seey uttari jutland key, nirvaasit raajaa christian II key aspas raili kii.
parishad ney isake alawa lubec key bajaay ack netherlandic-slacevisian-holsatian gathbandhan mein shamil honey kaa faisala kiya thaa, jiska pratinidhitva mahapour jurgen willenwaver ney bhee parishad kii baithak mein kiya thaa.
isai III kaa chunaav aur ginati kaa jhagada.
janwari 1534 mein, mahapour key netritva mein malmo kii shahar sarkaar ney luthran pracharakon koo nishkaasit karane key liye lund key bishap key adesh kaa paalan karane seey incar curr diyaa. malmo pahale seey hii lambe samay seey susamachar gatividhiyon kaa kendra thaa aur malmo mahal parr kabja karke aur adhipati koo giraftar karke adesh kaa jawab diyaa. maee mein, iss vidroh key baad oldenberg key german count christopher ney holston parr hamla kiya. unhein aadhikarik taur parr raajaa christian II koo bahaal karane key liye denmark koo jeetane key liye malmo key coach aur lubec key woollenwaver dwara kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. grihyuddh key agale dou varshon mein count christopher kii bhagidari ney ise "count kaa jhagada" naam diyaa."ginati kaa mukhya uddeshya holston naheen thaa, balki zeeland thaa jahan vaha ravaana huaa aur usane jaldi seey mahaan belt key poorv mein sabhi dennish kshetra parr niyantran praapt curr liya.
4 julaai 1534 koo jutlandic kuleen varg key pratinidhi aur parshadon ney purvi jutland mein raay mein mulakat kii. yahaan cumm kuleen varg ney bishapon koo luthran isai, duke off slesvig aur holston koo raajatva key liye naamit karane key liye majboor kiya. jaba phoonan kii kuleenata unake saath shamil hui, tou isai sahmat hoe gaye aur usa varsh 18 agast koo unhein raajaa isai III key roop mein ghodon mein shraddhanjali dee gaee.
funan aur jutland donon key vidroh karane aur sweeden aur prussia key scania mein yuddh mein shamil honey key baad, lubec janwari 1536 mein sangharsh seey hutt gaye, aur 6 aprail koo, malmo ney aatmasamarpan curr diyaa, halanki kissy bhee visheshaadhikaar yaa susamachar key siddhant koo khoye binaa. maheenon taka bhookh seey peedit rahane key baad, coppenhagen ney bhee haar maan lii aur meyer ambrosius bogbinder ney aatmahatya curr lii. malmo kii tarah, coppenhagen ney bhee apane visheshaadhikaar naheen khoye aur vidrohiyon koo maafi dee gaee.
denmark mein sudhaar.
isai III ney 6 agast 1536 koo coppenhagen mein march kiya aur chhah dinn baad unhone ack takhtapalat kiya. coppenhagen mein rahane vaale teen bishapon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur baaki kaa pataa lagaaya gayaa aur isi tarah unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa. aadhikarik kaaran isai koo raajaa key roop mein chunane mein unaki hichkichaahat aur anya kathit aaparaadhik kritya they. haalaanki, asli kaaran yeh thaa kii isai ack patthar seey dou pakshiyon koo maarnaa chaahte theh ack luthran sudhaar key madhyam seey leey jaanaa aur bishap kii sampattiyon koo jabt karna, jisase laabh haal hii mein samaapt hue grih yuddh key kharchon koo puuraa karane key liye aavashyak thaa.
count key jhagade key baad sabhi denmark-norwey mein isai III key satta mein aaney seey pahale, unhone pahale seey hii apane kshetron headerslave (headerslaben) aur torning (torninglen, torninglen) mein protestant sudhaar koo lagu curr diyaa thaa, dakshini jutland mein dou domen joe unhein 1524 mein praapt hue they. 1521 mein keede key aahar mein luther key saath unaki muthbhed key baad seey ack aashvast luthran, christian III ney 1528 mein apane domen mein ack luthran church order pesh kiya, joe bice "headerslave lekhon" mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1536 mein, vaha poore raajya key liye isi tarah kaa adesh lagu karna chaahata thaa. headerslave lekhon ney pahale seey hii ack adheekshak key karyalaya kii shuruat curr dee thee, aur bishapon kii giraftari-jinhone unake chunaav kaa samarthan naheen kiya thaa aur naa hii way unaki yuddh kii kissy bhee laagat koo wahan karane key liye taiyar they-sabhi denmark-norwey mein luthran adhikshakon key kaary key liye raasta banaa diyaa thaa.
takhtapalat key baad, christian III ney martin luther aur johannes buggenhagen seey sampark kiya thaa, jinase vaha pahali baar 1529 mein mille they-donon ney raajaa koo badhaai dee thee. saxony key nirvaachak johnn fredrick aaee koo unake baad key anurodh koo turant melanchathan yaa buggenhagen koo denmark mein tainaat karane seey incar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin ack baar jaba dennish dharmshastriyon dwara ack dennish luthran church adesh kaa ack motaa masauda pradaan kiya gayaa thaa tou nirvaachak aisaa karane key liye taiyar thaa. isai III iss tarah saksham dennish luthrance key ack pool parr bharosa curr sakata thaa, jinhone sabhi ney whittenberg vishvavidyalaya mein adhyayan kiya thaa, unamen seey pedder palladius, jorgen sadolin, hains tousen aur fraans wormorden they.
ack synode odense mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa jahan masauda shuru kiya gayaa thaa, aur usake baad headerslave mein kaam jaari rhaa. pahala masauda mukhya roop seey "headerslave lekhon" parr adharit thaa, saxon lipi "unterrict dair visittoran" ("visitors key paath") parr bhee, buggenhagen key "vaine menigharle chrystallican saken" ("kaee isai mamalon key") parr, luther aur dennish litergical lekhan key dhaarmik lekhan parr. aprail 1537 mein, masauda anumodan key liye whittenberg koo bheja gayaa thaa, jisake baad nirvaachak ney buggenhagen koo denmark key liye prasthaan karane kii anumati dee.
buggenhagen dwara masaude koo sanshodhit aur sanshodhit karane key baad, iska lattin seey danish mein anuvaad kiya gayaa aur rigsaredet koo prastut kiya gayaa. buggenhagen dwara dusare sanshodhan key baad, church key adesh koo puuraa kiya gayaa aur 2 sitambar 1537 koo isai III dwara "ordinatio acclesiastica regnorum dania aitt norwegia aitt ducatume slavicensis, holtsia aadi key roop mein hastakshar kiye gaye. aadi."(" "denmark aur norwey key raajyon kaa church crum aur schlesswig aur holstein aadi key duchy."). denmark mein, poorv bishapon kii jagah saat adheekshan sthaapit kiye gaye.
adhikshakon koo raajaa key saath "samanvaya" mein milna thaa, uchch paadari "bhoomi nirmaataon" mein adhikshakon key saath, aur nimn paadari key saath "collenters" mein, raajaa key paas adhikshakon koo manjuri dene key alawa koee dharamshastriya adhikaar naheen thaa, aur adhikshakon koo jagir yaa dharmnirpeksh karyalaya naheen rakhane they-ack niyam jiska sakhti seey paalan naheen kiya jaayega. isi tarah, isai III aksar church key mamalon mein hastakshep karate they.
church kaa adesh santon kii pooja, upvaas key dinon, brahmacharya aur baaki sub kuchh joe papistic moorkhata maanaa jaataa thaa, key khilaf hoe gayaa aur isake bajaay isane church kii sevaaon koo dennish mein karane kaa adesh diyaa. adhikansh bhikshuon aur nanon koo apane mathon aur mathon (gray frears koo chhodkar) mein rahane kii anumati thee aur pujaariyon koo apani mrityu taka apane church rakhane kii anumati thee. kewal jaba antim bhikshu yaa nana kii mrityu hoe gaee thee, taba mathh koo mukut kii sampatti mein jodaa gayaa thaa. iss prakaar, vishesh roop seey zeeland parr bishap pedder palladius dwara apnai jaane vaali adhik bhayankar prakriyaon key bavjood, sudhaar denmark mein apekshaakrit raktaheen mamla bunn gayaa.
lattin "ordinatio acclesistica" kaa ack dennish anuvaad 1539 mein rigsredet dwara ack kaanoon key roop mein anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. usee varsh key dauran buggenhagen ney denmark chhod diyaa, lekin 1542 mein holstein key kuleen varg key saath baatchit karane key liye laut aaya, jisane vahaan church key adesh key karyanvayan mein deree kii thee. 9 march 1542 koo, "schlesswig-holsteinche kirchenordnung" ("schlesswig-holstein kaa church order") koo buggenhagen dwara ack sanshodhan key baad randsberg mein landtag dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. norwey mein church adesh kaa karyanvayan adhik kathin saabit huaa, aur isase bhee adhik iceland mein, jahaan ise 1550 mein bishap johnn arasana key nishpaadan key baad kewal 1552 mein lagu kiya gayaa thaa, aur satrahavin shatabdi taka sthaaniya aabaadi dwara ladaa gayaa thaa.
dennish church key adesh parr kaam karane key alawa, buggenhagen ney 12 agast 1537 koo ack luthran anushthaan key saath isai III aur unaki patni dorothea kaa taaj pahanaaya, raajaa kaa chauntiswan janmadin aur roman catholic bishap kii giraftari kii pahali varshgaanth. rajyabhishek key saath-saath adhikshakon kaa udghaatan, joe kii buggenhagen dwara bhee kiya gayaa thaa, coppenhagen mein "hamari mahila church" mein huaa. 1537 mein bhee, count key yuddh key baad seey bund hue coppenhagen vishvavidyalaya koo wittenberg key ack luthran vishvavidyalaya key roop mein phir seey khole jaane key baad buggenhagen dwara model kiya gayaa thaa. 1550 mein, "isai tritiya bible" pahali baar mudrit kiya gayaa thaa, joe isai tritiya kii or seey christian pedderson dwara luther kii bible kaa anuvaad thaa. 1556 mein, pedder palladius ney "vedi pustak" prakaashit kii, joe luthran dhaarmik vidhi kaa ack sangrah thaa, joe halanki sabhi denmark mein badhyakari naheen bunn gayaa.
norwey mein sudhaar.
1537 mein jaba isai III ney luthranwad koo norwey key aadhikarik dharm key roop mein ghoshit kiya, tou norwey mein sudhaar koo balpurvak puuraa kiya gayaa, catholic archbishop, olav engelbreakson koo neetherland (abb belgium mein) mein nirvaasan mein bheja gayaa. catholic pujaariyon aur bishapon koo sataaya gayaa, mathon key aadeshon koo dabaa diyaa gayaa, aur taaj ney church kii sampatti parr kabja curr liya, jabaki kuchh churchon koo luutaa gayaa aur chhod diyaa gayaa, yahaan taka kii nasht curr diyaa gayaa. bishap (shuru mein adheekshak kahaa jaataa thaa) raajaa dwara niyukt kiye jaate they. pahala adheekshak gable pedderson thaa jisane 1537 seey 1557 taka beorgwin key adheekshak key roop mein kaary kiya. 1541 mein, stavenger aur oslo koo unake pahale adheekshak, johnn guttorman aur hains rev mille. 1546 mein, torbjorn bratt trondheim mein pahale adheekshak baney.
1537 mein, christian III ney denmark key saath ack vaastavik sangh mein norwey koo ack vanshaanugat raajya bhee banaaya, joe 1814 taka chalaa, jaba fredrick vee ney norwey key raajya koo sweeden key charles xiii koo saunp diyaa.
iceland mein sudhaar.
icelandic sudhaar 1539 seey 1550 taka huaa. iceland iss samay denmark-norwey dwara shaasit ack kshetra thaa, aur denmark key raajaa christian III dwara icelanders parr luthran dhaarmik sudhaar lagaaya gayaa thaa. 1550 mein joann arasana, holler key catholic bishap aur unake dou beton key nishpaadan key saath icelandic sudhaar samaapt hoe gayaa, jisake baad desh ney luthernism koo apanaaya.

