
cape verde kaa saahitya

cape verde kaa saahitya paschim africa mein sabse mahatvapurna haye, yeh paschim africa mein maali aur aadhunik mauritania key baad doosara sabse ameer haye. yeh africa key lusophone bhaag mein sabse ameer bhee haye. adhikansh kritiyaan purtagaali mein likhi gaee hain, lekin capavadian creol, french aur vishesh roop seey angreji mein bhee kritiyaan hain.
capewerdian saahitya lambe samay seey kavi eugenio tawares key lekhan key madhyam seey duniya bhar mein jaanaa jaataa haye. manual lopes, baltasar lopes daa silva, jinhen oswaldo alcanter key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye aur george barbosa, inn teenon koo baad mein 1936 mein ack sameeksha "claridade" millie joe cape verden swatantrata seey sambandhit haye.
itihas.
praarambhik saahitya.
cape verde seey iska pahala darj saahitya 16veen shatabdi mein andrey alvares dee almada dwara likhit kuchh karyon key saath thaa, unhone purtagaali vistaar key vrittaant likhe, unakaa sabse mahatvapurna cape verde kii ginny kii nadiyon parr ack granth thaa, joe senegal nadee aur siera leone key beach kaa ack kshetra thaa. cape verden saahitya koo 1890 taka shayed hii kabhi unaki morna kavitaon key saath eugenio toweress key saath darj kiya jaataa thaa, way swayam cape verde kii dolphin theen, unaki kavitaaen brava creol mein likhi gaee theen. doosari creol pustak 1893 mein prakaashit javier daa kunha kii "pyaar kaa dukh" thee.
dweepsamuh mein pahale dou pustakalaya pahali baar 19veen shatabdi key anta mein aupaniveshik yug key dauran khole gaye they, way praaya mein "rashtriya pustakalaya aur sangrahalaya" ("biblioteca ee museau national") they aur "mindello municiple library" ("biblioteca municiple doo mindello") pahali baar 1880 mein khola gayaa thaa.
raashtravaad kaa uday.
saahitya kaa uday cape verde mein raashtravaad aur swatantrata key uday key saath huaa. 20veen shatabdi mein saahitya kaa vikas huaa. "diarrhoe" koo 1929 mein purtagaali antonio pedro dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, yeh purtagaali patrika "presenka" key saath claridade key nirmaan key liye beej lagaayega jise cape verde aur aadhunik brazilian saahitya mein bhee padhaa gayaa thaa. francisco javier daa cruze, jise bee key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. lezaa, ack lekhak joe ack sangeetkaar bhee they, ney "umaa particula daa leira kaabo-verdiana" (1933) sahit kaee kritiyaan likhin, jisamen swayam 10 mornas aur ack paath haye joe cape verdian sangeet key baare mein apane vichaaron kii vyakhya kartaa haye. africa key baare mein kuchh kaam augusto casimiro dwara kiye gaye they, unamen seey ack 1935 mein prakaashit "ilhas creolas" ("creol dweep") thaa joe dweepsamuh mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa aur ack saal baad sameeksha key nirmaan key liye antim ghatak maanaa jaa sakata haye. manual lopes, baltasar lopes daa silva, jinhen oswaldo alconter key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur george barbosa ney 1936 mein "claridade" key roop mein jaani jaane vaali ack sameeksha kii sthaapana kii, joe mool roop seey ack samachar patra, cape verden swatantrata seey sambandhit thee, joe ack patrika key liye samjhauta karegi. claridae key saath prakaashit pahali pustak "arquipelago" thee, joe 1935 mein prakaashit hui thee, anya baad mein prakaashit kii gaeen jinamen 1947 mein "chiquinho", 1956 mein "chuva braba" aur 1960 mein "oss flagelados doo vento leste" shamil they. isi tarah, usee saahityik patrika ney saahityik beej jaari kiye joe anya pramukh cape verden prakashanon mein ankurit honge, jaise kii, "certeza" (1944), "supermento cultural" (1958), swatantrata key baad dou "rez" (1977) aur "ponto aind virgula" (1983). "certeza" pahali baar march 1944 mein prakaashit huaa thaa aur cape verden saahitya mein ack meal kaa patthar banaa, yeh ack sameeksha thee jisamen ack mahila dwara banaai gaee saahityik kriti koo dikhaaya gayaa thaa, sameeksha koo janwari 1945 mein sensor dwara pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. claridae kii sthaapana key kuchh hii samay baad, antonio aurelio gonsalves ney 1937 mein "especto daa ironia dee essa dee quiroz" sheershak seey apana pahala kaam prakaashit kiya. heinrich texera dee sausa baad mein cape verden saahitya kaa ack icon bunn gayaa. cape verden ney usa samay cape verden creol mein kavitaaen aur laghu kathaaen prakaashit keen. george barbosa ney 1955 mein "caderno dee umm ilheu" (ack dweepwasi kii notebook) bhee likhi, jisane camillo pesanaha puraskar jeetaa, joe pahali cape verden pustak thee jise sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. agunaldo fonseca vismrit kavi they, halanki unaki kavitaaen 1951 mein "linha dou kshitij" sangrah mein prakaashit hui theen.
usa samay, manual lopes jaise lekhak pratirodh andolanon seey judey hue they. kuchh lekhakon koo swatantrata seey pahale key varshon mein kuchh europeeya deshon mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
swatantrata aur aadhunik saahitya key baad.
cape verde 5 julaai, 1975 koo swatantra hoe gayaa. cape verden saahitya aage badhane lagaa, "dha eyeland off kantada" kaa kaam 1976 mein prakaashit huaa. heinryke texera dee susa, gabriel mariano aur anya lekhakon ney swatantrata key baad likhana aur prakaashit karna jaari rakhaa. mariano ney aisee kitaaben bhee likhin joe kuchh pahale key mahaan cape verden lekhakon key baare mein theen. germano almeida ney 1982 mein "oh dia daas callas roladas" likhaa, "1989 mein senhore daa silva arojo kii antim vaseeyat aur vasiyatnama", joe kroor yathaarthvaad key saath haasya koo milaati haye, kabhi-kabhi dayaniya, ack aadhunik lekhan mein mukt apratyaksh shally kaa samarthan karati haye. baad mein ise 1997 mein ack film mein banaaya gayaa thaa. baad mein unhone cape verde key itihas parr "2003 mein" sheershak seey likhaa. unake halia kaam mukhya roop seey 2014 mein "dee monte kaaraa way-seey oh mundo" sahit mindello key aspas sett kiye gaye hain, joe duniya mein khaadi key paanchven sabse sunder honey key kuchh samay baad hii thaa.
usa samay bhee, 1980 aur 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein adhik pustakalaya khole gaye kyonki rashtra kii saksharta darr lagaatar badh rahee thee, inke beach, cape verde kii rashtriya sabhaa key pustakalaya, cape verde kaa baink aur anya mantralaya, saal dweep parr palmyra mein biblioteca nagarpalika george barbosa, santo antave aur anya sansthanon mein preya mein cape verde key rashtriya pustakalaya kaa nirmaan 1990 key dashak key anta mein shuru huaa aur 1999 mein khola gayaa. baad mein, cape verde mein brazilian saanskritik kendra priya, santy dweep key dakshin mein pamarezo mein khola gayaa aur brazil seey sambandhit kitaaben hain.
mahila lekhakon dwara likhit saahitya bhee phalane-phoolane lagaa, jisamen aline barbosa, yaara doses santos, vera duarte aur kaee anya shamil hain. vera duarte 2001 mein african kavita key liye yuu tamsi puraskar seey sammaanit pahali cape verden mahila theen.
aadhunik lekhakon mein manual veega, germano almeida, armenio viera, mito alias (joe ack chitrakaar bhee they) aur kuchh anya shamil hain. armenio viera ney 2009 mein prakaashit "oh poma, aeye viagem, oh sonho" likhaa, jisane baad mein camo puraskar jeetaa, cape verde mein likhaa gayaa ekmatra saahitya jise usa puraskar dwara sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
juuna 2007 mein, "poesia dee kaabo verde ee sett kavita dee sebastio daa gaama" sheershak seey ack cd afonso dias dwara jaari kiya gayaa thaa; isamen ullekhaniya cape verden kavitaaen hain.

