kusaila

kusaila (, laitinah casilius) 7veen shatabdi key altawa raajya key ack berber isai shaasak aur auraba janjaati key netaa they, joe aures kii ack isaikrit gatiheen berber janjaati aur sambhavatah sanhaja key isai raajaa they. unake shasson key tahat unakaa kshetra paschim mein volubilis seey laker poorv mein aures aur baad mein caroan aur ifricia key aantarik bhaag taka faila huaa thaa. kusaila jyaadaatar 680 key dashak mein musalman kii magreb kii vijay key khilaf ack prabhaavi berber sainya pratirodh kaa mukadama chalaane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. 688 mein una ladaaiyon mein seey ack mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
vyutpatti.
sambhavatah cecilius (cecilian) seey, ack roman naam joe isaikrit barbaron key beach vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye, lekin berber (axil) "billi" seey adhik sambhavana haye, joe abhee bhee aures kii boliyon mein pramaanit haye, jisake kshetra mein kusila mool nivasi thaa.
aitihaasik mahatva.
shuru mein barbar raajya vesera (algeria mein aadhunik biscra) kii ladaai mein umayyad aakramankariyon koo haraane mein saksham they, joe kii 682 esvi mein raajaa kusaila key barbaron aur africa key exarchet seey unake byzantine sahyogiyon key beach caroan key sansthaapak ukba ibn naafi key tahat ack umayyad senaa key khilaf ladaa gayaa thaa.
ukba ibn naafi ney uttar africa mein apane aadmiyon kaa netritva kiya thaa, antatah atlantic mahasagar taka pahunch gaye aur dra aur saus nadiyon taka dakshin kii or cooch kiya. unaki vaapsee parr, vesera key dakshin mein tahuda mein berber-byzantine gathbandhan seey unaki mulakat hui, unaki senaa kuchal dee gaee aur vaha khud maare gaye. iss karari haar key parinamswarup kusaila ney baizasena aur ifricia key ack badey hisse parr niyantran curr liya, arabon ney cyrenaca key paschim mein africa mein apani saaree bhoomi khou dee aur ack dashak seey adhik samay taka aadhunik tunisia aur purvi algeria key kshetra seey nishkaasit curr diye gaye.
jeevani.
ibn khaldun key anusaar, unaki matribhoomi talemsen thee, joe abb algeria mein haye. haalaanki, yeh vivaran 14veen shatabdi seey haye, lagbhag 700 saal baad. vaastav mein, itihaaskaar noye willawarde key anusaar, kusaila shayed altawa kaa raajaa thaa. kusaila key samay key karib anya srot (nauvin shatabdi sabse purani upalabdh haye) unhein kewal algeria mein aures pahaadon key saath jodate hain. kusaila byzantine exarchate key samay key dauran berber adiwasi kshetra mein palaa-badhaa.
kusaila key roman-dhwani vaale naam key aadhar parr ack isai honey kaa anuman lagaaya jaataa haye. itihaaskaar gabriel shiviron key anusaar, unakaa naam lattin naam "casilius" key berber mein ack sambhaavit anuvaad thaa, joe darshaata haye kii vaha ack kuleen berber parivaar seey they. unake naam ney prachyavidon koo bhee aakarshit kiya; anya berber raajaon key vipareet, jaise unake poorvavartiyon, masuna, masties, mastigas aur garmul, arab itihaskaron ney sambhavatah hamein ack anya bhasha kaa naam diyaah lattin casilius, joe kii volubilis kii kabron mein paaya jaane vaalaa ack aam naam haye.
usey ukba ney pakad liya thaa lekin 683 esvi mein vaha bhaagne mein safal rhaa aur apane peediton key khilaf isai berber aur byzantine sainikon kii ack badee senaa koo khadaa kiya. aur ukba parr hamla kiya, usey biskara key paas maar daala. ukba kii mrityu key baad unaki senaayen caroan seey peechhe hutt gaeen, jise kusaila ney apani rajdhani key roop mein leey liya, aur kuchh samay key liye aisaa lagata haye kii vaha cumm seey cumm poore uttar africa key swami key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye. lekin yuddh seey unaki raahat alpakaalik thee. paanch saal baad kusaila damishk key ack muslim general key netritva mein nae arab balon key khilaf ladaai mein maaraa gayaa thaa. iss sanic parr khud ghaat lagaakar hamla kiya gayaa aur kuchh hii samay baad samudri hamlaavaron dwara usey maar diyaa gayaa. kuchh samay key liye bhram ney shasson kiya, lekin avraba ney apani sthiti kii kamjori koo pahachaana aur antatah nava-sangathit aur prabalit arab senaa key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. kusaila kii mrityu key saath, pratirodh kii mashal ack janjaati koo chully gaee jise jerawa key naam seey jaanaa jaataa thaa, jiska ghar aures mein thaa.
dair seey muslim khaaton key anusaar (11veen shatabdi seey laker 14veen shatabdi mein ibn khaldun taka) muslim aakramankariyon key ameer, joe taba aboo all-muhajir dinaar naamak ack mukt gulam they, ney aashcharyajanak roop seey kusaila koo apane shivir mein unase milane key liye aamantrit kiya. aboo all-muhajir dinaar ney unhein islam sweekaar karane aur arabon (678) key saath poorna samaantaa key vaade key saath apani senaa mein shamil honey key liye aashvast kiya. aboo all-muhajir kootneeti mein mahaarat hassil karane vaale they aur unhone naa kewal apani dharmanishtha seey balki apane uchch sammaan aur shishtachar seey bhee kusaila koo poori tarah prabhaavit kiya. kusaila ney avraba-sanaj koo vijayi arab bull mein shamil kiya aur aboo all-muhajir key tahat unake samaan roop seey safal abhiyaanon mein bhaag liya.
iss ameer koo taba jabaran ukba ibn naafi dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jisane kusaila aur usake logon key saath avamaanana kaa vyavhaar kiya. antatah ukba key anadar ney kusaila koo krodhit curr diyaa aur badala lene kii sajish rachee. morakko seey senaa kii vaapsee parr, ukba ney apane sainikon koo tootane aur ghar jaane kii anumati dee. shesh, lagbhag 300, kamjor aur thake hue they. caroan kii or vaapsee march parr, kusaila ney byzantine balon key saath milkar ghaat lagaaya aur ghaat lagaaya. isai-berber bull, lagbhag 5000 majboot, ney arabon koo haraaya aur 683 mein biscra key paas tahuda mein ukba koo haraa diyaa. kusaila ney abb uttar africa parr nirvivaad prabhutva hassil curr liya aur vijay mein caroan kii or cooch kiya.
uparokt vivaran kuchh itihaskaron dwara vivaadit haye, joe 9veen shatabdi key pahale key sroton koo pasand karate hain. inke anusaar, aboo all-muhajir kaa kusaila key saath koee sambandh naheen thaa, naa hii ukba ibn naafi kaa jaba taka kii vaha tahuda mein ghaat lagaa curr hamla naheen kiya gayaa thaa. inn pahale key sroton mein kusaila koo ack isai key roop mein bhee varnit kiya gayaa haye, naa kii ack musalman parivartit key roop mein. haalaanki, way iss baat seey sahmat hain kii jaba unhone ukba koo haraaya tou unhone ack berber bull kaa netritva kiya.
687 mein zuhair ibn qesa key adheen arab sudridhikaran aae. kusaila 688 esvi mein mamma kii ladaai mein unase mille they. bahut adhik sankhya mein, avraba koo haraaya gayaa aur kusaila koo maar diyaa gayaa. 693 mein, khalifa abd all-malik ibn marwan ney uttari africa mein umayyad key liye byzantine khatare koo door karane key liye hassan ibn all-nue 'maine kii kamaan mein 40,000 purushon kii ack senaa koo cyrenaca aur trypolitania bheja. way tunisia taka pahunchane taka kissy bhee pratidvandi samooh seey naheen mille, jahan unhone carthage parr kabja curr liya aur bizerte key aspas byzantine aur imazigen koo haraaya. haalaanki, yeh berber pratirodh kaa antim udaaharan naheen thaa, kyonki 680 key dashak mein deeyaa ney berber janjaatiyon key yuddh netaa key roop mein kusaila kaa sthaan liya thaa.
aage padhein.
 

