
nicon aff3

nicon aff3 nicon kaa teesara peshevar ekal-lens reflex camera boddy thaa, joe aff aur aff2 seey pahale thaa. 1980 mein pesh kiya gayaa, isamen manual aur ardh-swachaalit exposure niyantran thaa jisake tahat camera sahee shutter gati (aperture prathamikta swachaalan) kaa chayan karega. nicon aff3 shrinkhala key camers mein kissy bhee nicon aff cameray key sabse adhik model bhinnataaen theen. yeh kaee nicon aff-seereez camers mein seey pahala thaa jise italvi designer giorgeto giugiaro dwara style kiya gayaa thaa, aur handgrip parr ack laal patti shamil karane key liye-ack aisee visheshta joe baad mein (dhaariyon key roopon aur vibhinn anya aakaron key saath) kaee nicon camers kii ack hastakshar visheshta bunn gaee.
aff2aeyesus ack vartamaan model thaa jaba aff3 pesh kiya gayaa thaa, aur kuchh samay key liye donon koo samvarti roop seey becha gayaa thaa. pahale key nicon ney atyadhik oobad-khabad aur sthaayitva key liye itani utkrisht pratishtha vikasit kii thee kii kaee nicon aff aur aff 2 malik shuru mein aff 2 shrinkhala seey nae aff 3 mein sankraman karane key liye anichhuk they, vishesh roop seey nae cameray koo sanchaalit karane key liye battery kii aavashyakta key kaaran. aff3 koo 1988 mein aff4 aur 1996 mein aff5 dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. nae camers dwara pratisthaapit kiye jaane key bavjood, yeh 2001 taka utpaadan mein rhaa, sitambar 1992 taka 751,000 seey adhik aff3 kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa. yeh sabse lambe samay taka chalane vaalaa peshevar grade nicon slr banaa huaa haye. utpaadan bund honey key lambe samay baad, bakse mein nae nikaay duniya bhar mein upalabdh they, isaliye ack sateek utpaadan sankhya aasaani seey upalabdh naheen haye.
aff3 sanskaran.
aff3aeyechapi aur aff3/tii.
shuru mein, dee-2 netra-star khojak key saath aff3 model pesh kiya gayaa thaa, jald hii lokpriya aff3aeyechapi, yaa uchch bindu camera, dee-3 uchch netra-bindu prism/khojak key saath. iss khojkarta kaa pramukh laabh yeh thaa kii poori drishyadarshi chhavi koo drishyadarshi seey 2.5 semi kii doori seey dekhaa jaa sakata thaa. isase aff3 una logon dwara adhik upayog karane yogya bunn gayaa joe shooting karate samay chashma pahanate hain, yaa dhoop kaa chashma pahanate samay uchch chamak vaali sthitiyon mein shoot karane key liye majboor hotey hain. maanak prism kii tulanaa mein viewfinder key madhyam seey ack chhoti chhavi isake liye ekmatra nakaratmak paksh thee. pee" vishisht cameray key apavaad key saath, sabhi drishya-soochak poori tarah seey vinimeya hain. aff3 aur aff3aeyechapi ney rewind dial parr flashes mount koo banaae rakhaa, joe (flashes mounted key saath) cameray key usa kshetra koo baadhit kartaa haye.
aff3aeyechapi kaa ack kaafee adhik tikaau, majboot titanium sanskaran bhee pesh kiya gayaa thaa, jise "aff3/tii" kahaa jaataa haye, shuru mein adhik praakritik titanium finish yaa 'shampen' rung mein, aur baad mein cumm vishisht kaale rung mein. iska vajan tulanaatmak aff3 kii tulanaa mein 20 graam cumm haye. shampen kii peshkash 1982 mein pesh kii gaee thee aur 1985 key aspas ise jaldi seey bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase yeh dou titanium model kaa durlabh (aur upayog kiye gaye bajar mein mahanga) bunn gayaa thaa. aff3/tii mein titanium clad viewfinder (dee-4), titanium back, titanium topp aur bottom plate shamil they. yeh aantarik paripath board key anuroop coating seey bhee labhanvit huaa. kaale rung seey taiyar aff3/tii aur praakritik finish aff3/tii key beach yaantrik vinirdesh samaan they.
aff3pee.
isake baad 1983 mein aff3pee koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa. mukhya roop seey photo patrakaron ("pee" rez) dwara upayog key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, aff3pee mein atirikt mausam-pareekshan, oh-ring gasket, mf-6 auto film-stop back, type-bee mait focusing screen, iso-type accessory shoo key saath ack sanshodhit titanium dee-5 pentaprism aur koee ips blind naheen, ack sanshodhit lockout key saath rubber seey dhake jalrodhak shutter release aur koee cable release dhaage, safed ankon key saath ack goal frame counter vindo (kuchh neele ankon key saath dekhe gaye hain), aur thhande yaa geele vatavaran mein aasaan sanchaalan key liye ack vistaarit shutter speed operating ghundi shamil thee. aff3pee mein film key darwaaje key release lock, self-timer aur multiple-exposure leaver kaa abhaav thaa.
aff3pee kaa ack sanskaran jise 'aff3 limitted' kahaa jaataa haye, 1994 mein shuru hocker japan mein hii becha gayaa thaa. limitted key paas vishesh baijing, mf-6/6bee back kii auto-stop suvidha key binaa niyamit film back thee, aur anyatha aff3pee key samaan thee. yeh ack lakadi key prastuti boxes mein bhee aaya thaa.
naa tou camera aff3aeyeaff boddy key dx-1 viewfinder kaa upayog curr sakata thaa. darpan awas mein samparkon koo ack niyamit aff3 shrinkhala cameray kii tulanaa mein alag tareeke seey configure kiya gayaa thaa. ack aff3pee aur aff3 limitted parr, unakaa upayog flashes sink aur taiyar prakaash uddeshyon key liye kiya jaataa thaa. ack aff3, aff3/tii, aur aff3aeyeaff parr, unakaa upayog dx-1 viewfinder key ander lcd koo exposure meater display jaankaari koo sampreshit karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
f3h.
aff3aeyechaa, ack uchch gati vaalaa camera, press, khel photography aur japan mein 1998 key nagano olympic key liye pesh kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, nicon ney haal hii mein apani website parr apani vaastavik prerana kaa ullekh kiya kii yeh "iss tathya key liye nicon kii pratikriya kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye kii, pichhale varsh, ack pratiyogi ney uchch gati nirantar shooting key liye ack camera jaari kiya thaa joe 10 fps shoot curr sakata thaa. nicon aff uchch gati aur aff2aeyechaa key saath pichhale abhyaas key baad, isamen ack nishchit pelical ardh-pardarshi darpan shamil thaa, joe prakaash kaa 30 pratishat drishya khojkarta taka modata haye, jisase camera aur vishesh roop seey utpaadit md-4aich motor drive koo 13 frame prati sekand taka praapt karane kii anumati milati haye, jaba mn-2 nicked battery kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye (aathh aa kshaariya battery key saath 7.5 frame prati sekand key vipareet).
aff3aeyechaa mein uchch gati vaali photography key liye sanshodhit aff3pee kii upasthiti thee; haalaanki, twacha key neeche aavashyak gati praapt karane key liye kuchh unnat takneeken theen, jinamen kuchh nicon ney "camera aur motor drive ack dusare key sanchaalan kii bhavishyavani aur niyantran" key roop mein varnit kiya haye, taaki kuchh sanchaalan overlap hoe sakein.
aim. dee.-4aich. anivarya roop seey ack gati-upp aim. dee. 4 thaa, jisamen gearing mein 1.5 kii vriddhi hui aur voltage koo maanak, pahale seey hii saksham, motor taka badhaaya gayaa. rewind spigot key chaaron or ack atirikt soney kaa sampark pinn haye, joe cameray key aadhar parr vidyut connection key saath juda jaataa haye. drive key saamane vaale hisse mein ack switch key saath thodaa vistaarit kshetra hotaa haye joe prati sekand 6 frame parr drive kaa upayog karane key vikalp koo saksham banaata haye.
utpaadan cumm thaa, nicon seey aadhikarik reports mein daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii kewal lagbhag 100 aise cameray banaae gaye hain, haalaanki yeh sambhavana haye kii vaastavik sankhya saikadon seey adhik hoe gaee haye, kyonki uchch 800 mein crum sankhya nott kii gaee haye. camera boddy parr crum sankhyaaen aich9600 seey shuru hoti hain.., aur saamane ack aich jode jaane key saath hastakshar aff3 logo haye. feeled key gaharaai key purvavlokan button key bajaay, isamen button kaa ack vistaarit sanskaran thaa joe rachana uddeshyon key liye ack chhidra kholane vaalaa button bunn gayaa. metering anya aff3 nikaayon kii tarah, chaude khule key bajaay, kaam karane vaale chhidra parr kii gaee thee. safed film tech upp spool mein camera sabhi aff3 mein bhee advitiya haye. aff3pee kii tarah, dx-1 viewfinder kaa upayog iss parr naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa. jaba aim. dee.-4aich. key saath fitt kiya jaataa haye tou yeh magazine back aim. aff.-4 250, firing rait convertor aim. key.-1 aur detta back aim. aff.-14 key saath bhee asangat hotaa haye.
yeh antim vishesh uchch gati film nicon camera thaa aur aashcharyajanak roop seey yeh uchchatam frame darr aiss. ell. aar. (digital sahit) banaa rhaa joe nicon dee6 kii shuruat taka nicon ney banaaya thaa, joe ack prativart darpan key saath prati sekand 14 frame praapt kartaa haye. camera atyadhik sangrahaniya haye, jisamen seemit sankhya mein utpaadan kiya jaa rhaa haye aur prasiddh nicon aiss3aim seey shuru honey vaale uchch gati vaale camers kii ack pankti mein antim haye.
aff3aeyeaff.
anta mein shayed hii kabhi dekhaa jaane vaalaa 'aff3af' thaa, ack model jisamen ack autophocus (af) pentaprism finder (dx-1) shamil thaa joe dou vishesh af nikor lens key saath autofocusing karane mein saksham thaa-apani tarah kaa pahala, jisamen lens boddy mein phocus motors shamil they. una lenson mein aeye. aff-80aim. aim. aff./2.8 nikkor aur aeye. aff.-200aim. aim. aff./3.5 nikkor they. yeh 1983 mein nicon dwara nirmit pahala autophocus camera thaa.
halanki, aff4 aur anya models key liye adhik safal baad key nicon aeye. aff. design ney camera boddy mein phocus motor koo rakhaa, aff3aeyeaff key inn-lens drishtikon ney inn-lens autophocus designs koo poorvavat kiya joe baad mein bhavishya mein 15 varshon seey adhik samay taka bajar parr haavi honge, jaise kii cannon key yuu. aiss. aim. aur nicon key apane silent wave motor (aiss. doubleu. aim.) lens.
nirmaan.
nicon ney aadhunik, electronic roop seey niyantrit, kshaitij roop seey yatra kiye gaye dhaatu key parde key design key liye aff2 key pahale key yaantrik roop seey sanchaalit shutter koo chhod diyaa. nayaa shutter samaan roop seey vishvasaniya aur samagr roop seey cumm rakharkhaav-gahan saabit huaa, halanki kshaitij-yatra design koo banaae rakhane key nirnay ney isaki sheersh flashes sink gati (1/80 sekand) koo kaafee seemit curr diyaa.) anya nicon kii tulanaa mein, jinamen seey kuchh ney kopal shutter kaa upayog kiya. iss nirnay ney kaee nirash press photographers koo nicon key ardh-pro nikaayon (fm, fe, fm2, fe2, aadi) kaa upayog karane key liye majboor kiya.) isake bajaay jaba uchch samanvaya gati kii aavashyakta hoti thee, aamtaur parr dinn key ujaale kii sthitiyon mein flashes bharane key liye. aff4 ney antatah apane 250vein samanvaya key saath nicon key pro-grade aiss. ell. aar. prastaavon key saath iss samanvaya gati kii kamee koo hull kiya. manual roop seey sanchaalit aff2 key vipareet, aff3 key electronic shutter koo sanchaalit karane key liye battery shakti kii aavashyakta hoti haye, halanki cameray mein ack chhota saa backup mechanical release leaver shamil thaa joe 1/60 sekand parr shutter koo trip curr detaa thaa.
aff3 ney apane poorvavartiyon kii uchch gunavatta koo jaari rakhaa, kuchh mayanon mein ise paar curr gayaa. sahansheelata sateek thee, aur aam taur parr nicon-cameray key sanchaalan key liye paryaapt (malabe key liye ack chhote seey bhatte key saath), phir bhee tapman parr thhand-mausam key sanchaalan koo rokane key liye paryaapt naheen haye jahaan snehak jail karna shuru karate hain. kewal behtareen gunavatta vaale yaantrik aur electronic purjon kaa chayan kiya gayaa thaa, aur nicon ney jore dekar kahaa kii sabhi electronic ghatakon koo 20 saal kii nirantar aapoorti kii guaranti key saath praapt kiya jaanaa chaahiye. aff3 ney naa kewal apane shutter aur film parivahan tantra koo sthaapit karane key liye ball-bearing kaa upayog kiya, balki abb taka key sabse chikane operating camers mein seey ack banaane key liye film key agrim mein bearing key atirikt samoohon koo jodaa gayaa. vaastav mein, film koo aage badhaane mein pratirodh itna cumm hotaa haye kii yeh bataana mushkil hotaa haye kii cameray mein film haye yaa naheen.
pahali baar, shutter kii jaankaari viewfinder key ander ack aantarik taral chrystal display (lcd) key madhyam seey pradarshit kii gaee thee. aperture kii jaankaari koo nicon key "adr" (aperture direct readout) key madhyam seey rille kiya gayaa thaa joe viewfinder key sheersh kendra mein ack khidki thee jise isaki jaankaari ack micro-prism seey millie thee joe mounted lens key sheersh parr chhoti sankhya padhati thee, jisake prakaar 'aii' (aperture indexing) yaa 'aisa' (aperture indexing shutter priority) lens ney samanya aperture nambaron key peechhe mudrit kiya thaa. haalaanki aaj vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye, lcd usa samay bahut uchch takneek vaale they. unhein raat mein dekhana kuchh mushkil saabit huaa, isaliye nicon ney raat mein upayog key liye ack button-sanchaalit prakaash sthaapit kiya. lcd aff3 design key kuchh samasya kshetron mein seey ack haye, kyonki umr key saath, lcd contrast, blur khou dete hain, aur kaee varshon key baad nishkriya hoe jaate hain. saubhagya seey, lcd 'kamaand center' panels key saath aadhunik autophocus camers key vipareet, aff3 key lcd viewfinder display kii kharabi cameray key poorna sanchaalan koo naheen rokti haye, kyonki yeh manual dial aur sanketkon key saath puuraa kiya jaataa haye. 1980 key dashak mein banaae gaye kaee aff3 camers kaa kabhi bhee peshevar roop seey upayog naheen kiya gayaa thaa, aur isaliye lcd sahit abhee bhee sahee kaam karane key crum mein hain. praarambhik utpaadan model parr autoexposure lock button, mool roop seey ack sadharan push-inn bhaag, aksar gayab hotaa haye; nicon ney baad mein iss hisse koo phir seey design kiya taaki ise shareer key ander seey surakshit roop seey jodaa jaa sakey. baad key hisse koo praarambhik shareer mein lagaaya jaa sakata haye lekin aanshik stripdown kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
nicon aff3 manual-phocus, peshevar star key 35 mimi aiss. ell. aar. camers kii nicon shrinkhala mein antim thaa. iska utpaadan chakr aam taur parr 1980 seey 2000 yaa 2002 taka maanaa jaataa haye, joe ack uchch-matra vaale peshevar cameray key liye ack record key karib haye. isake uttaradhikari-aff4-dou aff3aeyeaff lens key sanchaalan key saath, auto-phocus aur nae vaikalpik metering aur mode koo pradarshit kartaa haye, lekin puraane manual-phocus lens koo mount karane kii kshamata koo banaae rakhta haye. aff3 antim aff-seereez camera bhee thaa jise ekikrit motor drive key binaa pesh kiya gayaa thaa, jisase camera aff-seereez mein apane uttaradhikariyon kii tulanaa mein samagr roop seey chhota hoe gayaa. aff3 kii sthaayi appeal vahee haye joe isaki shuruat mein thee-una logon key liye ack sateek upkaran joe charam vatavaran mein nirantar upayog key liye cumm jatil, behad achchi tarah seey banaaya gayaa camera pasand karate hain.
aff3 key liye vaikalpik motor drive, jise aim. dee.-4 key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, mein yaa tou 8 aa battery yaa ack vishesh aine. aaee. see. dee. battery paik hotaa haye jise recharge kiya jaataa haye. iska pradarshan pichhale nicon model koo paar curr gayaa, jisamen nirbaadh prativart dekhane key saath 4 frame prati sekand kii kshamata thee, yaa prativart darpan key saath 6 frame/aiss bund thaa. aim. dee.-4 motor drive key abhinn nirbaadh design ney ise kaee aff3 upayogkartaon key liye ack behad lokpriya vikalp banaa diyaa. ack thoke film back koo samanya back key badale mein aff3 mein fitt kiya jaa sakata thaa. yeh film back, jise mf-4 key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, 35 mimi film key 10 meater (33 feat) yaa 250 exposure taka sambhaalane mein saksham thee.

