doklam

doklam (), jise chean dwara donglang () kahaa jaataa haye, bhootaan kaa ack kshetra haye, jisamen ack oonchaa pathaar aur ack ghaati haye, joe uttar mein chean kii chumbi ghaati, poorv mein bhootaan key haa jile aur paschim mein bhaarat key sikkim raajya key beach sthit haye. ise 1961 seey bhutani maanchitron mein bhootaan key hisse key roop mein darshaaya gayaa haye, lekin chean dwara bhee iska daavaa kiya jaataa haye. bhootaan aur chean key beach kaee daur kii seema vaartaon key bavjood vivaad kaa samadhan naheen huaa haye. yeh kshetra teenon deshon key liye ranneetik mahatva kaa haye.
juuna 2017 mein chean aur bhaarat key beach ack sainya gatirodh huaa, kyonki chean ney dokla darre key paas doklam pathaar parr dakshin kii or ack sadak kaa vistaar karane kaa prayaas kiya aur aage sadak nirmaan koo rokane key liye bhaaratiya sanic aage badhe. bhaarat ney bhootaan kii or seey kaam karane kaa daavaa kiya, jisake saath uska 'vishesh sambandh' haye. bhootaan ney vivaadit kshetra mein chean key sadak nirmaan parr aupchaarik roop seey apatti jataai haye.
bhugol.
bhaarat kaa shaahi rajpatra", joe kshetra key 19veen shatabdi key british drishtikon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, kahata haye kii dongkya renz joe sikkim koo chumbi ghaati seey alag karati haye, mount gipmochi mein dou mahaan spurse mein vibhajit hoti haye, ack dakshin-paschim mein aur doosara dakshin-poorv mein chalata haye. inn donon spurse key beach dichu yaa jaldhaka nadee kii ghaati bahati haye.
dongkya shrinkhala joe aam taur parr uttar-dakshin disha mein chalati haye, chumbi ghaati key dakshini chhor parr dheere-dheere poorv-paschim kii or mudati haye, batang laa seey hocker gujarati haye aur sinchela maidan mein dhalaan parr jaati haye. dakshin mein ack doosari katak, jise zompelry yaa jamperi katak kahaa jaataa haye, pahali katak key samanantar chalati haye, joe beach mein doklam yaa doka laa ghaati dwara alag kii jaati haye. ghaati key sheersh parr, dou katak juda jaate hain, jisase ack pathaar banata haye. pathaar key uchchatam bindu isake paschimi kandhe parr, batang laa aur mount gipmochi key beach hain, aur pathaar dakshin-poorv kii or dhalanon parr haye. inn donon katakon key beach ghaati torsa naalaa (jise cheeni loga doklam nadee kahate hain) sthit haye, joe lagbhag 15 kimmy dakshin-poorv mein amo chuu nadee mein mill jaati haye.
pathaar key paschimi kandhe aur torsa naalaa key muhaane key beach 89 varg kilometres kshetra koo chean dwara "doklam" kahaa jaataa haye.
tibbati bhasha mein, "doklam", yaa adhik thheek seey "droklam", kaa arth haye khanabdosh kaa maarg. ukt maarg koo maanchitra 5-7 mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, joe sangbe (sangbe) key aspas key "shuiji" gaanv seey chalata haye, doklam pathaar taka chadhata haye aur sinche laa darre key madhyam seey amo chuu ghaati mein utarata haye. yeh nadee key kinare asam key gaanv taka jaari haye jise taba tibbat kii seema maanaa jaataa thaa, aur rinchengang shahar kii or badhata haye, joe ack seema vyaapaar bajar thaa. vidwan jigme haan laama key anusaar, aise maargon kaa upayog vyapariyon, khanabadoshon aur teerthyatriyon dwara sadiyon seey kiya jaataa thaa.
bhaarat kaa sikkim raajya dongkya shrinkhala key paschim mein sthit haye, doklam pathaar kaa paschimi kandha aur mount gipmochi seey nikalane vaalaa 'dakshin-paschim spur'. iss nadee koo dichu nadee (jise jaldhaka bhee kahaa jaataa haye) dwara kaataa jaataa haye joe jelep laa darre key neeche seey nikalati haye aur bhootaan mein pravesh karati haye. dakshin-poorv spur', jise zompelry riz kahaa jaataa haye, bhootaan key haa jile (uttar mein) koo samatse (dakshin mein) seey alag kartaa haye.
bhootaan kii daavaa kii gaee seema doklam pathaar key uttari katak key saath-saath sinchela taka chalati haye aur phir ghaati mein amo chuu nadee kii or jaati haye. chean key seema key daave mein chumbi ghaati key bheetar puuraa doklam kshetra shamil haye, joe dakshin mein zompelry riz parr samaapt hotaa haye aur poorv mein amo chuu key saath torsa naalaa kaa sangam hotaa haye.
ranneetik mahatva.
vidwan susan walcott ney doklam key uttar mein chean kii chumbi ghaati aur doklam key dakshin mein bhaarat key siligudi galiyare koo "vaishvik shakti pratiyogita mein mahatvapurna ranneetik parvat chockpoint" mein ginaa haye. johnn garver ney chumbi ghaati koo "poore himalaya kshetra mein achal sampatti kaa sabse ranneetik roop seey mahatvapurna tukada" kahaa haye. chumbi ghaati uchch himalayon key dakshin mein sikkim aur bhootaan key beach mein haye, joe bhaarat key siligudi galiyare kii or "khanjar" kii tarah ishara karati haye. 
siligudi galiyara bhaarat key paschim bangal raajya mein nepal aur bangladesh key beach 24 kilometres chauda ack sankeern galiyara haye, joe bhaarat key madhya bhaagon koo arunachal pradesh sahit poorvottar raajyon seey jodata haye. aksar "chikan kii gardan" key roop mein sandarbhit, siligudi galiyara bhaarat key liye ack ranneetik bhedyata kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. yeh bhootaan key liye mahatvapurna ranneetik mahatva kaa haye, jisamen desh mein mukhya aapoorti maarg shamil hain.
aitihaasik roop seey, siligudi aur chumbi ghaati donon bhaarat aur tibbat key beach vyaapaar key rajmarg kaa hissa they. 19veen shatabdi mein, british bhaaratiya sarkaar ney british vyaapaar key liye maarg kholane kii maang kii, jisase sikkim parr unaki adhirajya kii or leey jaataa haye aur isake ranneetik nathu laa aur jelep laa chumbi ghaati mein jaate hain. 1890 kii anglo-cheeni sandhi aur younghusband abhiyaan key baad, british ney unaki raksha key liye sainya tukadiyon key saath-saath yatung aur lhasa mein vyaparik chaukiyon kii sthaapana kii. yeye vyaapaar sambandh 1959 taka jaari rahey, jaba cheeni sarkaar ney unhein samaapt curr diyaa. 
inn vyavasthaon mein doklam kshetra kii bahut cumm bhoomika thee, kyonki mukhya vyaapaar maarg yaa tou sikkim darron seey hotey hue yaa phir faree key paas uttar mein chumbi ghaati mein pravesh karane vaale bhootaan key andaruni hisson seey hotey hue they. amo chuu ghaati key madhyam seey vyaapaar key kuchh khandit pramaan hain, lekin kahaa jaataa haye kii ghaati nadee key musladhar pravaah key saath chattani cheharon key saath sankeern thee, joe vyaapaar maarg key liye anukool naheen thee.
bhaaratiya khufiya adhikaariyon kaa kahana haye kii chean chumbi ghaati mein ack sthir sainya nirmaan curr rhaa thaa, kaee sainya-shiviron kaa nirmaan curr rhaa thaa aur ghaati koo ack majboot sainya adde mein parivartit curr rhaa thaa. 1967 mein, nathu laa aur chou laa paas parr seema sangharsh hue, jaba cheeniyon ney dongkya renz parr seema key bhaaratiya seemankan kaa virodh kiya. vidwan teller fravell kahate hain kii agami topkhaane kii aag mein, kaee cheeni kille nasht curr diye gaye they kyonki bhaartiyon ney oonchi jameen koo niyantrit kiya thaa. maanaa jaataa haye kii cheeni senaa chumbi ghaati mein kamjor sthiti mein haye kyonki bhaaratiya aur bhutani senaa ghaati key aspas kii unchaaiyon koo niyantrit karati haye.
maanaa jaataa haye kii unchaaiyon kii ichcha chean koo doklam pathaar taka leey aatee haye. bhaaratiya suraksha visheshagya doklam pathaar key niyantran seey chean koo teen ranneetik laabhon kaa ullekh karate hain. sabse pahale, yeh ise chumbi ghaati kaa ack aakarshak drishya detaa haye. doosara, yeh sikkim mein bhaaratiya raksha koo peechhe chhodata haye joe vartamaan mein dongkya renz kii or poorvottar kii or unmukh haye. teesara, yeh dakshin mein ranneetik siligudi galiyare koo dekhta haye. mount gipmochi aur zompelry riz kaa daavaa cheeni logon koo himalaya key bahut kinare taka laayega, jahan seey dhalaanen bhootaan aur bhaarat kii dakshini talhati mein utarati hain. yahaan seey, cheeni maidani ilaakon mein bhaaratiya sainikon kii gatividhiyon kii nigrani karane yaa yuddh kii sthiti mein mahatvapurna siligudi galiyare parr hamla karane mein saksham honge. naee dilli mein, yeh ack "ranneetik laal rekha" kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. vidwan carolin brassard kahate hain, "bhaaratiya senaa key liye iska ranneetik mahatva spasht haye."
itihas.
doklam pathaar kii aitihaasik sthiti anishchit haye.
sikkimi parampara key anusaar, jaba 1642 mein sikkim raajya kii sthaapana hui thee, tou isamen doklam pathaar key aspas key sabhi kshetra shamil theh uttar mein chumbi ghaati, poorv mein haa ghaati key saath-saath dakshin-paschim mein darziling aur kalimpong kshetra. 18veen shatabdi key dauran, sikkim koo bhootaan seey baar-baar chhaapon kaa saamana karna padaa aur yeye kshetra aksar haath badal jaate they. 1780 mein bhutani hamale key baad, ack samjhauta huaa, jisake parinamswarup haa ghaati aur kalimpong kshetra koo bhootaan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. inn kshetron key beach sandwich kiya gayaa doklam pathaar inn kshetron kaa hissa honey kii sambhavana haye. kahaa jaataa thaa kii iss samay bhee chumbi ghaati sikkim key niyantran mein thee.
itihaaskaar iss kathaa koo sahee thaharaate hain, saul mullard kaa kahana haye kii sikkim kaa praarambhik raajya aadhunik sikkim key paschimi bhaag taka bahut seemit thaa. purvi bhaag swatantra pramukhon key niyantran mein thaa, jinhone kalimpong kshetra khote hue bhutaaniyon key saath seema sangharsh kaa saamana kiya. sikkimiyon dwara chumbi ghaati kaa kabja anishchit haye, lekin tibbatiyon koo vahaan bhutani ghuspaith koo rokane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
1756 mein gorkhon key tahat nepal key ekikaran key baad, nepal aur bhootaan ney sikkim parr apane hamalon kaa samanvaya kiya thaa. 1774 mein ack anglo-bhutani sandhi dwara bhootaan koo pratiyogita seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. tibbat ney sikkim aur nepal key beach ack samjhaute koo lagu kiya, jisake baare mein kahaa jaataa haye kii isane nepal koo naraj curr diyaa thaa. isake baad, 1788 taka, nepal ney teesta nadee key paschim mein sabhi sikkim kshetron key saath-saath tibbat key chaar praanton parr kabja curr liya. tibbat ney antatah chean kii madad maangi, jisake parinamswarup 1792 kaa cheeni-nepali yuddh huaa. yeh himalaya kii rajneeti mein chean kaa nirnaayak pravesh saabit huaa. vijayi cheeni general ney ack bhoomi sarvekshan kaa adesh diyaa, jisaki prakriya mein chumbi ghaati koo tibbat kaa hissa ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. sikkimi yuddh key baad una parr majboor nuksan kaa virodh karate they.
british raaj kaal.
agale dashakon mein, sikkim ney british east india company key saath sambandh sthaapit kiye aur ack anglo-nepali yuddh key baad unaki madad seey apane khoye hue kshetra koo phir seey hassil kiya. britishon ney titalia kii sandhi (1817) key madhyam seey sikkim koo ack "vaastavik" sanrakshit raajya banaa diyaa. sikkim aur angrejon key beach sambandh chattani baney rahey aur sikkim ney tibbat key prati nishtha banaae rakhee. ack anya sandhi, 1861 mein tumlong kii sandhi, sanrakshit raajya kii sthiti kii pushti karati haye, aur sikkim seey tibbati prabhaav koo baahar curr detee haye. apani khud kii aadhipatya banaae rakhane key tibbati prayaas key parinamswarup 1888 mein lingtu parvat parr ack takraav huaa. chean, jisane tibbat parr nammatra kii aadhipatya kaa prayog kiya, ney kadam rakhaa aur tibbat kii or seey ack sandhi parr hastakshar kiye.
sikkim-tibbat seema paribhasha.
1890 kii anglo-cheeni sandhi ney sikkim parr british adhirajya koo maanyata dee aur sikkim aur tibbat key beach kii seema koo chitrit kiya. seema koo sikkim kii teesta nadee aur tibbat kii mochu (dongkya renz parr) key beach key jalvibhaajak key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa thaa, joe "mount gipmochi" seey shuru hotaa haye. aaj key drishtikon seey, "mount gipmochi" kaa kyaa arth thaa, yeh spasht naheen haye kyonki sandhi seey pahale kshetra kaa koee bhoomi sarvekshan naheen kiya gayaa thaa. usa samay seey upalabdh yatra maanchitra aur sketch maanchitra british kii or seey doklam pathaar key baare mein koee jagrukta naheen dikhaate hain, seedhe dongkya renz parr mount jipmochi rakhate hain. (naksha 3 dekhein.)
anglo-cheeni sandhi kii sweekriti key liye tibbat key nirantar pratirodh key kaaran antatah 1904 mein raajneetik adhikaari francis young husband key netritva mein tibbat key liye ack british abhiyaan chalaaya gayaa. lhasa key agami sammelan ney pahale kii sharton key liye tibbati samjhauta praapt kiya. vidwan johnn prescott key anusaar, sandhi mein sikkim aur tibbat key beach sthaapit seema aaj bhee jeevit haye.
doklam kaa anveshan.
younghusband abhiyaan key dauran, charles bell koo amo chuu ghaati key madhyam seey bhootaan key madhyam seey tibbat key liye aapoorti maarg kii jaanch karane vaali ack team kaa netritva karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. dall ney sipchu aur sangbe key madhyam seey yatra kii, aur phir, ack pahaadi katak parr ack maujooda "bakri key raaste" key saath, doklam pathaar taka gayaa. mount gipmochi pahunchane key baad, way sinchela key madhyam seey chumbi ghaati mein utare. aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii yeh doklam pathaar key british anveshan kaa pahala udaaharan thaa.
iss anveshan key madhyam seey, ghanti ney paaya kii amo chuu key paschim mein bhootaan aur tibbat key beach kii prachalit seema ack hii bhaugolik kshetra parr ack uchch bhoomi vriksh ("yaa-shing")-nichale bhoomi kaa pedh ("mone-shing") seema thee. oonche pedh tibbat key they, shayed 11,500 feat seey adhik oonchaai parr, jabaki nichale pedh bhootaan key they.
doklam pathaar key bhugol key gyaat honey key saath, baad key maanchitra ack vichalan dikhaate hain. bhaarat key aadhikarik sarvekshan maanchitra mein bhaarat kii seema parr mount gipmochi kaa sahee sthaan dikhaaya gayaa haye, lekin sandhi key anusaar, bhootaan kii seemaon koo dikhaae binaa. (maanchitra 5) anaupchaarik maanchitra aksar teen deshon key tri-sanyog key roop mein batang laa shikhar-dongkya renz parr jipmochi key anuroop shikhar-koo dikhaate hain. (naksha 4 aur 6.)
bhootaan aur bhaarat key beach sambandh.
bhootaan 1910 mein british bhaarat kaa ack sanrakshit raajya bunn gayaa, halanki ack 'sanrakshit raajya' naheen thaa, ack vyavastha joe 1949 mein swatantra bhaarat dwara jaari rakhee gaee thee. bhootaan ney sabhi aantarik mamalon mein apani swatantrata banaae rakhee aur isaki seemaon koo 1961 taka seemankit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. yeh kahaa jaataa haye kii 1912 seey pahale key cheeni site maanchitron mein doklam parr apana daavaa kiya gayaa thaa.
doklam mein sino-bhootaan seema vivaad.
chean key janvaadi ganarajya dwara aitihaasik cheeni maanchitron key chitran mein 1800 varshon kii avadhi key liye sikkim aur bhootaan koo tibbat yaa chean key hisse key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, joe eesaa poorv doosari shatabdi seey shuru hotaa haye.see., vidvaanon dwara sandigdh daavon key roop mein nott kiya gayaa.
1958 seey, cheeni maanchitron mein bhutani kshetra key badey hisse koo chean key hisse key roop mein dikhaana shuru kiya gayaa. 
1960 mein, chean ney ack bayaan jaari curr daavaa kiya kii bhootaan, sikkim aur laddakh tibbat mein ack ekikrit parivaar kaa hissa they aur hamesha "chean kii mahaan matribhoomi" key adheen rahey they.
chintit hocker, bhootaan ney chean key saath apani seema koo bund curr diyaa aur sabhi vyaapaar aur rajanyik samparkon koo bund curr diyaa. isane bhaarat key saath aupchaarik raksha vyavastha bhee sthaapit kii.
1960 key dashak mein.
agast 1965 seey, chean aur bhaarat ney doklam mein ghuspaith key sambandh mein aaropon kaa adaan-pradaan kiya. chean ney aarop lagaaya kii bhaaratiya sanic dokla seey doklam (jise way "dognan" kahate they) mein ghus rahey they, tohi curr rahey they aur cheeni charvaahon koo daraa rahey they. pahale tou bhaartiyon ney shikayat parr koee dhyaan naheen diyaa. kaee daur key adaan-pradaan key baad, 30 sitambar 1966 koo, unhone bhutani sarkaar seey ack virodh prastaav bheja, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii tibbati charvaahe cheeni gasht key saath doklam pathaar key paas charagahon mein pravesh curr rahey they. patra mein kahaa gayaa haye kii doklam kshetra dakshini chumbi kshetra mein "bhootaan aur tibbat kshetra key beach paaramparik seema key dakshin mein" thaa. 3 octuber koo, bhootaan kii sarkaar ney ack press bayaan jaari kiya jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa, "yeh kshetra paaramparik roop seey bhootaan kaa hissa haye aur chean key janvaadi ganarajya kii sarkaar dwara paaramparik seema parr vivaad karane kaa koee daavaa naheen kiya gayaa haye joe pahchaanane yogya praakritik visheshtaon key saath chalati haye."
bhaaratiya virodh key jawab mein, cheeni sarkaar ney jawab diyaa kii bhootaan ack samprabhu desh thaa aur chean ney iss mamle mein bhaarat sarkaar kii kissy bhee bhoomika koo maanyata naheen dee. isane jore dekar kahaa kii doklam kshetra "hamesha cheeni adhikaar kshetra key tahat rhaa haye", kii cheeni charvaahon ney "peedhiyon seey vahaan maveshi charaate rahey hain" aur bhutani charvaahon koo vahaan maveshiyon koo charaane key liye cheeni paksh koo charagah kaa bhugtan karna padata thaa.
chean ney baad mein aupchaarik roop seey uttari bhootaan aur punakha key uttar key kshetron mein kshetra key daave kaa vistaar kiya, lekin jahira taur parr doklam mein naheen. bhootaan ney bhaarat sarkaar seey chean key saath iss mamle koo uthaane kaa anurodh kiya. haalaanki, chean ney bhaarat kii pahalon koo yeh kahate hue khariz curr diyaa kii yeh mudda kewal chean aur bhootaan seey sambandhit haye. bhaaratiya tippanikaron kaa kahana haye kii cheeni sanic ack maheene key baad peechhe hutt gaye aur doklam parr hue takraav ney bhootaan koo bhaarat key aur bhee karib laa diyaa, jisake parinamswarup bhootaan mein 3,400 bhaaratiya raksha karmiyon kii niyukti hui taaki bhootaan kii senaa koo prashikshit kiya jaa sakey.
seema vaarta.
bhootaan aur chean key beach seema vaarta 1972 mein bhaarat kii bhagidari key saath shuru hui. haalaanki, chean ney bhaarat koo baahar karane kii maang kii. bhootaan ney 1984 mein chean key saath apani seema vaarta shuru kii. apani daavaa rekha koo aage badhaane seey pahale, isane apane swayam key sarvekshan kiye aur maanchitron kaa utpaadan kiya jinhen 1989 mein rashtriya sabhaa dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. ranneetik visheshagya manoj joshi kaa kahana haye kii bhutaaniyon ney swechha seey iss prakriya mein kshetra koo chhod diyaa. anya vidvaanon ney aadhikarik bhutani maanchitron mein 8,606 varg kilometres kshetra kii kamee kaa ullekh kiya. bhootaan kii sabse oonchi choti key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa kulaa kaangadi parvat, jahira taur parr chean koo saunp diyaa gayaa haye. 
bhootaan ney kahaa kii seema vaarta key dauran, isane 1999 taka vivaadit seema kshetron key 1,128 varg kilometres koo ghataakar 269 varg kilometres curr diyaa thaa. 1996 mein, cheeni vartakaron ney bhootaan koo ack "package sauda" kii peshkash kii, jisamen "madhya kshetra" mein "269 varg kilometres" key badale mein "madhya kshetra" mein 495 varg kilometres parr daave koo chhodane kii peshkash kii gaee.ee.doklam, sinchulumpa, naatak aur shakhato sahit chumbi ghaati seey satey. yeye kshetra cheeni raksha key liye ranneetik gaharaai aur bhaarat key ranneetik siligudi galiyare taka pahunch pradaan karenge. kathit taur parr bhaarat key anunaya key tahat bhootaan ney iss prastaav koo thukra diyaa.
2000 mein chean key package saude koo aswikar karane key baad, bhutani sarkaar ney 1989 kii apani mool daavaa rekha koo aage rakhaa. isake baad baatchit mein koee pragati naheen hoe sakee. sarkaar ney bataaya kii 2004 mein chean ney seemavarti kshetron mein sadakon kaa nirmaan shuru kiya, jisase 1998 key shaanti aur shaanti samjhaute key aadhar parr bhutani sarkaar dwara baar-baar virodh pradarshan kiye gaye. ack bhutani reporter key anusaar, sabse adhik vivaadit kshetra doklam pathaar rhaa haye. 
cheeniyon ney sinchela darre (nirvivaad kshetra mein) aur phir pathaar (vivaadit kshetra mein) key oopar ack sadak banaai, joe doka laa darre taka jaati haye, jaba taka kii sikkim seema parr bhaaratiya seema chauki taka 68 meater key bheetar naheen pahunch jaati. yahaan, unhone ack modd-chakkar kaa nirmaan kiya jisase vaahan vaapas muda sakein. yeh sadak cumm seey cumm 2005 seey astitva mein haye. 2007 mein, doklam pathaar parr cheeni maanav rahit bhaaratiya agrim chaukiyon koo nasht karane kii khabaren theen.
anglo-cheeni sandhi.
chean 1890 kii anglo-cheeni sandhi key aadhar parr doklam kshetra koo cheeni kshetra key roop mein daavaa kartaa haye, joe bhaarat mein british samrajya aur tibbat mein cheeni nivasi key beach baatchit thee. iska uddeshya sikkim aur tibbat key beach kii seema koo chitrit karna thaa, aur bhootaan kaa ullekh kewal offing mein kiya gayaa thaa. sandhi key anuchhed I mein kahaa gayaa haih
pahale vaakya kaa tatparya haye kii sikkim seema key dakshin mein haye aur tibbat isake uttar mein haye, joe cumm seey cumm seema key purvi chhor parr haye. dusare vaakya kaa arth hoga kii bhootaan poorv mein haye, lekin uttar mein bhootaan kii seema key baare mein kuchh bhee naheen bataata haye. yeye kathan usa samay key maanchitron mein maan liye gaye bhugol key sandarbh mein achche arth mein honge, jaise kii maanchitra 3. lekin vaastavik bhugol (maanchitra 5) kissy bhee aage key nishkarsh koo baadhit kartaa haye. yahaan, tibbat bhee gipmochi parvat parr sikkim key poorv mein faila huaa haye, joe sandhi key shabdon mein nihit naheen haye. isake alawa, gipmochi seey bahane vaalaa paani, anumaanit tri-sanyog bindu, teasta mein naheen bahata haye. naa hii way tibbat kii nadiyon mein "uttar kii or" bahate hain.
inn visangatiyon key alawa, bhootaan sandhi kaa hastaksharkarta naheen thaa. isake paas apani sharton seey bandhe honey kaa koee kaaran naheen haye.
"rajanyik" ney tippani kii haye kii 1890 kii sandhi key pahale vaakya mein ullikhit nirantar parvat shikhar yaa jalvibhaajak doklam pathaar key uttari katak parr batang laa key bahut paas shuru hotaa prateet hotaa haye, aur yeh lekh key pahale aur dusare vaakyon key beach ack virodhabhas kaa sujhaav detaa haye.
vidwan srinath raghavan ney kahaa haye kii pahale vaakya mein jalvibhaajak siddhant kaa tatparya haye kii batang laa-merug laa-sinchela katak chean-bhootaan seema honey chaahiye kyonki merug laa, aitt aur sinchela, aitt, donon hii jipmochi aitt seey adhik hain.
bhootaan aur chean seema samjhaute 1988 aur 1998.
1984 mein shuru honey key baad seey bhootaan aur chean ney 24 daur kii seema vaarta kii haye. bhootaan kii sarkaar kaa daavaa haye kii doklam pathaar parr cheeni sadak nirmaan donon deshon key beach 1988 aur 1998 key samjhauton kaa ullanghan karate hue ack vivaadit seema mein ektarafa parivartan key barabar haye. samjhauton mein bull key upayog koo bhee pratibandhit kiya gayaa haye aur donon pakshon koo shantipurna sadhanon kaa sakhti seey paalan karane key liye protsaahit kiya gayaa haye.
samjhaute key bavjood, 1988 mein plaa bhootaan mein ghus gayaa aur doklam pathaar parr niyantran curr liya. aisee khabaren theen kii pee. ell. aeye. sainikon ney bhutani guards koo dhamki dee, ise cheeni mitty ghoshit kiya, aur bhutani chaukiyon koo vistaarit avadhi key liye jabt curr liya aur kabja curr liya. phir seey, 2000 key baad, bhutani rashtriya sabhaa mein cheeni logon dwara kaee ghuspaith, charaai aur sadak aur buniyaadi dhaanche key nirmaan kii soochana dee gaee.
2017 doklam gatirodh.
juuna 2017 mein, doklam pathaar parr chean dwara sinchela key madhyam seey aaney vaali sadak koo aur dakshin kii or badhaane key prayaas key baad doka laa bhaarat aur chean key sashastr balon key beach gatirodh kaa sthal bunn gayaa. bhaarat kaa doklam parr koee daavaa naheen haye, lekin yeh kshetra parr bhootaan key daave kaa samarthan kartaa haye. bhutani sarkaar key anusaar, chean ney usa sadak kaa vistaar karane kaa prayaas kiya joe pahale doka laa mein samaapt hui thee aur dakshin mein dou kimmy door zompelry mein bhootaan senaa shivir kii or; usa katak koo, jise chean dwara seema key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye, lekin bhootaan aur bhaarat donon dwara bhootaan key bheetar, bhaarat key ranneetik siligudi galiyare koo dekhate hue poorv kii or faila huaa haye.
18 juuna koo, bhaaratiya sainikon ney sadak nirmaan koo rokane key prayaas mein chean aur bhootaan key beach vivaad mein kshetra mein pravesh kiya. vivaad mein bhaarat key pravesh kii vyakhya bhaarat aur bhootaan key beach maujooda sambandhon seey hoti haye. 1949 kii ack sandhi mein, bhootaan ney bhaarat koo apani videsh neeti aur raksha mamalon kaa margadarshan karane key liye sahamati vyakt kii, joe british aupaniveshik shasson key dauran apani sanrakshit raajya kii sthiti kii yaad dilaata haye. 2007 mein, usa sandhi koo ack naee mitrata sandhi dwara pratisthaapit curr diyaa gayaa thaa joe bhootaan koo videsh neeti kii swatantrata kii anumati detee haye, lekin rashtriya suraksha hita key muddon mein sahyog koo anivarya karati haye.
bhaarat ney "seema paar karane" aur ack sadak banaane key prayaas (kathit roop seey "avaidh roop seey") key liye chean kii aalochana kii haye, jabaki chean ney apane "kshetra" mein pravesh karane key liye bhaarat kii aalochana kii haye.
29 juuna 2017 koo, bhootaan ney vivaadit kshetra mein ack sadak key cheeni nirmaan kaa virodh kiya. badhate tanaav key parinamswarup bhutani seema koo hyee alert parr rakhaa gayaa thaa aur seema suraksha kadee curr dee gaee thee. usee dinn, chean ney doklam koo chean key hisse key roop mein darshaate hue ack naksha jaari kiya, jisamen maanchitra key madhyam seey daavaa kiya gayaa kii 1890 kii anglo-cheeni sandhi dwara jipmochi taka kaa sabhi kshetra chean kaa thaa.
3 julaai 2017 koo chean ney bhaarat koo bataaya kii bhaarat key poorv pradhaanmantri jawaharlal nehru ney 1890 kii britten-chean sandhi koo sweekaar curr liya thaa. cheeni daave key vipareet, 26 sitambar 1959 koo nehru key zau koo likhe patra mein kahaa gayaa thaa kii 1890 kii sandhi ney kewal sikkim-tibbat seema key uttari hisse koo paribhaashit kiya thaa, naa kii tribhuj kshetra koo. unhone bhootaan key saath seema key sambandh mein "cheeni maanchitron mein trutiyon key sudhaar" parr charcha kaa ahwan kiya.
chean ney 5 julaai 2017 koo daavaa kiya kii chean aur bhootaan key beach ack "buniyaadi sahamati" thee kii doklam chean kaa thaa, aur donon deshon key beach koee vivaad naheen thaa. agast 2017 mein bhutani sarkaar ney iss baat seey incar kiya kii usane doklam parr apana daavaa chhod diyaa thaa.
1 agast 2017 koo jaari 15 pannon key ack bayaan mein, beijing mein videsh mantralaya ney bhaarat parr chean aur bhootaan key beach seema vaarta mein hastakshep karane aur baadha daalane key liye bhootaan kaa upayog karane kaa aarop lagaaya. report mein doklam mein bhaarat key "atikraman" koo chean kii kshetriya samprabhuta key ullanghan key saath-saath bhootaan kii samprabhuta aur swatantrata key liye ack chunauti key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye.
cheeni sthiti.
cheeni sarkaar kaa kahana haye kii, aitihaasik saakshyon seey, donglang (doklam) hamesha tibbat key apane swaayatt kshetra mein ack county, yadong key seemavarti nivaasiyon key liye paaramparik charagah kshetra rhaa haye, aur chean ney iss kshetra parr achchha prashaasan kiya thaa. yeh bhee kahata haye kii 1960 key dashak seey pahale, yadi bhootaan key seemavarti nivasi doklam mein jhund banaana chaahte they, tou unhein cheeni paksh kii sahamati kii aavashyakta thee aur chean koo ghaas curr kaa bhugtan karna thaa.
bhutani pratikriyaaen.
29 juuna 2017 koo ack press bayaan jaari karane key baad, bhutani sarkaar aur media ney ack adhyayanpurna maun banaae rakhaa. "bhutaaniyon" ney spasht kiya kii jiss bhoomi parr chean sadak banaa rhaa thaa, vaha "bhootaan kaa kshetra" thaa, jiss parr chean dwara daavaa kiya jaa rhaa thaa, aur yeh chala rahee seema vaarta kaa hissa haye. isane bhutani sarkaar dwara apnai gaee maun neeti kaa bachaav karate hue kahaa, "bhootaan naheen chaahata kii bhaarat aur chean yuddh mein jaaen, aur vaha aisaa kuchh bhee karane seey butch rhaa haye joe pahale seey hii garamagaram sthiti koo germ curr sakata haye." 
haalaanki, bhootaan mein soshal media baatchit kaa adhyayan karane key baad, "anodo global" ney sifarish kii kii sarkaar koo nagrikon key saath "sakriya roop seey judanaa" chaahiye aur netaaon aur aabaadi key beach sampark tootane seey bachana chaahiye. anodo ney bhaarat aur chean key beach yuddh key jokhim key baare mein janata key beach kaafee chinta paaee, aur 1951 mein tibbat key samaan chean dwara vilay kii sambhavana. isane bhutani sankalp, pehchaan aur raashtravaad koo majboot paaya, joe "dhakka" naheen banana chaahata thaa.
"dha newyork times" ney kahaa kii chean kii tulanaa mein bhaarat key karyon key baare mein adhik logon koo chintit honah padaa. isane samprabhuta aur chinta kii abhivyaktiyon koo paaya kii seema sangharsh key badhane seey chean key saath vyaapaar aur rajanyik sambandhon koo nuksan pahunchega. anodo ney inn tippaniyon kii pushti naheen kii. balki yeh kahaa gayaa kii bhaarat key samarthan mein raili karane key liye saikadon tweeter hashtag banaae gaye they aur "7 paapon" naamak "shinhua" television karyakram parr ack mahatvapurna jhataka lagaa thaa jisane bhaarat koo badnam kiya thaa. vidwan rudra chaudhari ney desh kaa daura karane key baad kahaa kii doklam bhutani logon key liye utanaa mahatvapurna mudda naheen haye jitna kii duss saal pahale hoe sakata thaa. balki bhutani loga chean key saath seema samjhaute koo desh kii sarvocch prathamikta maanate hain. jabaki unhone dekhaa kii "cheeni samarthak" aur "bhaaratiya-virodhi" jaise shabd aksar upayog kiye jaate hain, unhone kahaa kii unakaa kyaa matlab thaa, vaha achchi tarah seey samajha naheen gayaa thaa.
vighatan.
28 agast 2017 koo, yeh ghoshana kii gaee thee kii bhaarat aur chean doklam pathaar parr teji seey vighatan key liye parasparik roop seey sahmat hue they, jisase lagbhag teen maheene taka chaley sainya takraav kaa anta hoe gayaa thaa. cheeni videsh mantralaya ney iss sawal koo darkinar curr diyaa kii kyaa chean sadak nirmaan jaari rakhega.
isake baad.
cheeni senaa kathit taur parr sitambar 2018 mein doklam pathaar parr laut aaee aur anya buniyaadi dhaanche key saath janwari 2019 taka apana sadak nirmaan lagbhag puuraa curr liya thaa. 19 navambar 2020 koo, ack cheeni see. jee. tii. aine. samachar nirmaata ney tweet kiya kii chean ney doklam seey lagbhag 9 kimmy aur bhootaan key kshetra key bheetar lagbhag 2 kimmy door paangada naamak ack gaanv kaa nirmaan kiya haye.

