
exodus holocyclus

exodus holocyclus, jise aamtaur parr australiyai pakshaghat tick key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, australiyai tick jeevon mein lagbhag 75 prajaatiyon mein seey ack haye aur ise sabse mahatvapurna maanaa jaataa haye. yeh apane mezban mein neurotoxin kaa injection dekar pakshaghat kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. yeh aamtaur parr australia kii purvi tatrekha key baad 20 kilometres chaude baind mein paaya jaataa haye. iss seema key bheetar "ixodes Holocyclus" manushyon aur unake paltu jaanvaron dwara sabse adhik baar saamana kiya jaane vaalaa tick haye. choonki iss kshetra mein australia key sabse ghanee aabaadi vaale kshetra bhee hain, isaliye logon, paltu jaanvaron aur pashudhan parr kaatane kii ghatanaaen apekshaakrit aam hain.
pakshaghat ticks kaee prakaar key aavason mein paae jaate hain, vishesh roop seey uchch varsha vaale kshetron jaise geele sclerophyll vann aur samshitoshna varshaavan. lakwa tick key liye praakritik mejbaanon mein koala, bandicoot, posam aur kangaru shamil hain.
aam naam.
samanya naamon key upayog seey "ixodes Holocyclus" key liye kaee bolchal kii abhivyaktiyaan saamane aaee hain. australia key bheetar sabse adhik sweekrit naam "australiyai pakshaghat tick" yaa buss "pakshaghat tick" haye. nimnalikhit talika "ixodes Holocyclus" key vibhinn charanon kaa varnan karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale kuchh anya naam detee haye.
inmein seey kaee samanya naam, jaise kii dogg tick yaa busch tick, "exodes holocyclus" key liye sabse achchha upayog naheen kiye jaate hain kyonki unakaa upayog australia mein paae jaane vaale kuchh anya ticks key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye.
praarambhik vaigyaanik itihas.
maanav roga mein ack samasya key roop mein ticks key sabse shuruati australiyai sandarbhon mein seey ack capton villium hilton howell dwara jheel george seey port phillip taka kii apani 1824-1825 yatra key liye rakhee gaee patrika mein paaya jaataa haye. isamen unhone tippani kii kii "tick naamak chhota keat, joe khud koo maans mein dafan curr letaa haye, aur samay parr naa hataae jaane parr anta mein yaa tou aadami yaa janwar koo nasht curr dega.
james backhouse, praarambhik aupaniveshik kaal kaa ack achchi tarah seey yatra karane vaalaa quaker, nimnalikhit vivaran detaa haih "kolongatta mein, shole swarg mein...jilaa, joe ilawada kii tarah, seeng vaale maveshiyon key charaane key liye bhed kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik anukool haye. inn samriddh, tata bhoomi mein baad vaale key dushmanon mein, ack kathor sapaat keat, ack gahare rung kaa ack kathor sapaat keat, vyaas mein lagbhag dasaven inch kaa, aur shareer mein lagbhag golakar haye; yeh twacha key neeche khud koo soonghata haye, aur naa kewal bhed, balki kabhi-kabhi bhed key bachche aur bachhadon koo nasht curr detaa haye. inn mamalon mein aksar mrityu seey pahale pichhale quarter kaa pakshaghat hoe jaataa haye. kabhi-kabhi yeh dardanaak soojan kaa avsar detaa haye, jaba maanav shareer seey jabaran hataa diyaa jaataa haye, twacha mein isake lunger jaise sir aur upaangon koo lagaane key baad. iss asuvidha koo rokane key liye, hamane kaee baar, unhein tail seey yaa geeli tambaku raakh seey dhona, unhein pakad curr chhod diyaa."
jabaki agrani basane vaalon koo pataa thaa kii ticks unake kutton key liye aur shayed khud key liye khatra paida karate hain, pakshaghat tick kaa varnan 1899 taka (neuman dwara) vaigyaanik roop seey naheen kiya gayaa thaa. iska aage adhyayan natal aur warberton (1911) dwara kiya gayaa thaa.
1921 taka dodd ney teen kutton mein "exodes holocyclus" aur naidaanik roga key beach ack nishchit kadee sthaapit kii thee. unake nishkarsh they kii naidaanik sanketon key vikasit honey mein lagaav key samay seey 5 seey 6 dinn lugg gaye, jisamen motor pakshaghat pramukh tantrika sambandhi lakshan thaa.
jeevan chakr kaa adhyayan mukhya roop seey ian clunies rose (1924) dwara kiya gayaa thaa. clunies rose ney yeh bhee pradarshit kiya kii tick dwara utpaadit ack vishaakt padaarth aur tick dwara leey jaaya gayaa koee sankraamak agent pakshaghat key liye jimmedaar naheen thaa. jeevan chakr kaa aage adhyayan auxer aur ricardo (1942) dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur baad mein seddon (1968) dwara sankshep mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa.
1970 mein roberts key kaam "australiyai ticks" ney australiyai ticks kaa pahala vyaapak vivaran diyaa, jisamen "exodes holocyclus" shamil thaa.
australia mein tick envenomation key kaaran pahali pushti kii gaee maanav mrityu 1912 mein cland dwara report kii gaee thee, jaba ack badey, sanlagn tick ney ack bachche mein shithil pakshaghat kaa kaaran banaa, joe dumm ghutane kii or badh rhaa thaa. cooktown kabristan mein sir parr pattharon key kaaran kuchh maanav mauton kaa shreya ticks koo diyaa jaataa haye.
20veen shatabdi key poorvaardh mein cumm seey cumm 20 maanav mauton kaa kaaran lakwa tick thaa. 1904 aur 1945 key beach aine. aiss. doubleu. mein report kiye gaye peediton mein seey assie pratishat chaar saal seey cumm umr key bachche they. shishu pakshaghat' (baad mein polyomyelitis key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa) key kaee mamalon kaa galat nidan kiya gayaa hoe sakata haye aur vaastav mein tick pakshaghat key mamle hoe sakate hain.
shareer rachana, jeevan chakr aur vyavhaar.
avalokan.
exodes holocyclus" key jeevan chakr mein chaar charan hotey hainh andaa, larva, apsara, vayask. "ixodes Holocyclus" koo apane jeevan chakr koo puuraa karane key liye teen mejbaanon kii aavashyakta hoti haye; iss prakaar yeh ack 'teen-mezban tick' haye. 40 seey 60 dinon kii ushmaayan avadhi key baad chhah pair vaale larva key roop mein ticks nikalate hain. larva ack mezban seey rakt bhojan kii khoj karate hain, chaar seey chhah dinon taka khaate hain, phir mezban seey chhod dete hain aur aathh pair vaali apsara banane key liye moult karate hain. apsaraon koo vayask banane key liye phir seey bhojan karane seey pahale dusare rakt bhojan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. mahila vayaskon koo taba patton key kachare mein 3000 andey dene key liye chhodane seey pahale duss dinon taka key rakt bhojan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. purush vayask sambhog key liye mezban parr mahilaaon kii khoj karenge, aur rakt bhojan key liye mahilaaon koo parjivi banaa denge. iss jeevan chakr koo puuraa honey mein lagbhag ack varsh lagata haye (ausat 365 dinn, nyuntam 135 dinn, adhikatam 437 dinn).
ack mezban koo khojane key liye, ticks 'quest', vanaspati parr chadhaai karna aur dheere-dheere agra pair lehrana jaba taka kii ack mezban pahunch key bheetar naheen aaa jaataa. jaba mezban parr hotey hain, tou way turant hamla naheen curr sakate hain, lekin mezban key sir key peechhe yaa kaana key peechhe sanlagn honey taka dou ghante taka bhatakate rahate hain. kuchh rasayan, jaise carbon dioxide (isaliye 'sookhi burf' key batts kaa upayog), saath hii garmi aur andolan, khoj vyavhaar key dauran uttejana key roop mein kaam karate hain.
mahila aur purush donon ticks ack mezban kii talash karate hain, lekin alag-alag karanon seey. mahila rakt bhojan kii khoj karati haye, purush ack mahila tick key liye mezban kii khoj kartaa haye taaki vaha usake saath sambhog curr sakey aur usey khilaa sakey. purush haemolymph koo khilaane key liye apane mukh key hisson seey apane cuticals koo chhedkar maadaa ticks koo parjivi banaa sakate hain; chaar purushon taka koo ack maadaa tick koo khilaate hue paaya gayaa haye. vayask narr ticks shayed hii kabhi mezban parr rakt-feed karate hain. kathor ticks kii baahari satah, yaa chhalli, badee matra mein rakt key sevan koo samaayojit karane key liye badhati haye, joe vayask ticks mein, unake shareer key vajan seey 200 seey 600 gunaa adhik hoe sakati haye. jaba ack tick poori tarah seey sanlagn hotaa haye tou ise "bharaa huaa" kahaa jaataa haye.
andaa.
vayask maadaaen patton aur shaakhaon key kachare mein, kuchh pedon aur jhaadiyon kii papadeedaar yaa reshedar chhaal key neeche, yaa shaakhaon key sire key paas ghaney maheen patte mein badee sankhya mein andey detee hain (2000 aur 6000 key beach). way andey key ack saamanjasyapurna dravyamaan koo banaane key liye mome jaise padaarth kaa upayog karate hain aur inhen chayanit sthaan parr sanlagn karate hain. andon kaa ack chhota saa ansh jeevit rahata haye aur 40-110 dinon key ushmaayan key baad larva mein toot jaataa haye. vikas upayukt garmi aur uchch aardrata (ee.jee., nama patte key kachare mein).
larva.
larva, jise 'seed ticks' aur kabhi-kabhi 'grass ticks' key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, andey seey nikalate hain aur aardr mausam key dauran paarshv shaakhaon kii or, yaa ghaas vaale kshetron mein, apane mejbaanon koo khojane aur unase judane key liye jaate hain. larva kathor honey key 7-44 dinon seey gujarate hain aur phir vanaspati parr chadhate hain (jaise.jee.pattiyon key sire), jahan seey way ack gujarate hue mezban seey judate hain. larva 4 seey 6 dinon taka bhojan karate hain aur phir jameen parr gir jaate hain. 19 seey 41 dinon kii avadhi mein, larva phir apsara banane key liye ankurit hoe jaate hain. larva charan (hatch seey moult) mein samagr avadhi tapman parr nirbhar haye. isamen 27.5 degree celsius parr lagbhag 20 dinn aur 21 degree celsius parr 40 dinn lagate hain, lekin 36 saptah taka badh sakate hain. larva kewal nagna aankho seey dikhaai dete hain. prayogshala kii sthitiyon mein binaa doodh key larva 162 dinon taka jeevit reh sakate hain. 
"ixodes holocyclus" laarvaah aeye, capitulum (prishthiya drishya); bee, scootum; see, hypostome; dee, tarsus aaee; ee, tarsus IV; aff, coxa
nidaanah patali palpi key saath capitulum, hypostome epically goal, dention 2/2; lagbhag chauda scootum, mund paarshv carrine key saath; chhote, baahari spurse key saath sabhi cox.
shareerah motey taur parr andakar, 0.5 × 0.40 mimi (unfed) seey 1.15 × 1 mimi (sanlagn)
capitulum-lambai mein lagbhag 0.2 mimi, aadhar trikoniya, lagbhag 0.16 mimi chauda, palpi lamba aur patala. hypostome epically goal, lambai mein 0.14 mimi, 10-12 daanton kaa 2/2, aantarik file key daant kund aur chhote, kuchh minut key dunt stambh epically.
skutamah lagbhag chauda, 0.31 seey 0.32 mimi aur madhya-lambai key liye thodaa poorvavarti chauda; paarshv carrine maujood haye lekin behosh; antahsthaitik margine aamtaur parr uttal aur pashchasthaayi margine avtal; grieva khaanche chhote lekin achchi tarah seey paribhaashit.
gudaa khancheh poorv mein galat paribhaashit aur peechhe naheen milate hain
pairah chhote baahari spurse key saath cox; tarsus i 0.14 mimi lambai mein, tarsus IV 0.14 mimi lambai mein
apsara.
apsaraaen bahut sakriya hoti hain aur moulting key baad ausatan 5-6 dinon (lekin sambhavatah 31 dinon taka) dusare mezban seey judati hain. apsaraaen 4-7 dinon taka khaate hain, phir jameen parr gir jaati hain. ack aur 3-11 saptah key baad apsaraaen vayask purush yaa mahila banane key liye taiyar hoe jaati hain. phir seey avadhi tapman parr nirbhar haih isamen 24-27 °C parr lagbhag 20 dinn lagate hain lekin 10-21 °C parr 53-65 dinn lagate hain. shushk sthitiyaan bhee iss avadhi koo badhaati hain yaa yahaan taka kii apsaraon koo maar detee hain. prayogshala kii sthitiyon mein binaa doodh key rahane vaali apsaraaen 275 dinon taka jeevit reh sakati hain.
"ixodes Holocyclus" nimphah a, capitulum (prishthiya drishya); b, capitulum (ventral drishya); c, scootum; d, spiracular plate; e, sternal plate; f, hypostome; g, cox; h, tarsus i; i, tarsus IV
nidan (purush): capitulum jaisa kii mahila mein, hypostome denting mukhya roop seey 2/2,3/3 door taka; paarshv carrine key saath lagbhag lamba conscutum; aantarik plate maujood, andakar; gudaa khaanche pashchavarti roop seey parivartit hotey hain lekin sankeern roop seey khule rahate hain; pair mahila mein kii tarah.
shareerah maheen samanantar dhaar aur kuchh bikhare hue peele baalon key saath andakar; 1.2 × 0.85 mimi (unfed) seey 3.5 × 2.5 mimi (sanlagn); seemant khaanche achchi tarah seey vikasit hue aur unfed namoonon mein poorna hue.
capitulamah lambai 0.40-0.43 mimi. aadhar dorsali 0.23-0.25 mimi chaudaai mein; pashchavarti margine seedha; pashchavarti konn mukhya naheen; oricula achchi tarah seey paribhaashit. mahila mein jaise kii taal; lekh 2 aur 3 0.30-0.32 mimi lambai mein. hypostome lansolate aur spasht roop seey nukila; dention 2/2,3/3 door seey.
skutamah lagbhag utanaa hii chauda, 0.61 × 0.63 mimi-0.71 × 0.70 mimi. paarshv carrine achchi tarah seey vikasit huaa. viram chihn kuchh, uthale, bikhare hue. garbhashay grieva kii grove spasht hain, joe satahi avasaad key roop mein madhya-scootle kshetra taka jaari hain.
aantarik plateh andakar, 0.27-0.30 mimi lambai aur dogune seey thodaa adhik chauda.
spiracular plateh upvrittaakaar, sabse badaa vyaas lagbhag 0.14 mimi.
pairah mahila key roop mein sashastr koksa. tarsus aaee dheere-dheere cumm hoe rhaa haye, anya tarsiyon kii lambai lagbhag 0.08 mimi haye.
vayask mahila.
nava-maulit vayask mahila pahale 6-7 dinon key liye teji seey sakriya hoe jaati haye aur ack mezban kii talash karati haye. yeh 7-9 dinon key baad antim mezban seey juda jaataa haye (lekin sambhavatah 77 dinon taka). ack purush tick dwara garbhadhan key baad, yaa kabhi-kabhi isase pahale, ack mahila andey key dravyamaan key paripakva honey key liye poshak tatva praapt karane key liye rakt khaati haye. vayask mahilaaen 6-30 dinon kii avadhi key liye kaam karati hain, samay phir seey tapman parr nirbhar hotaa haye. (30-divasiya sanyojan samay prayogshala sanskriti kaloniyon seey liya gayaa haye.) praakritik paristhitiyon mein, ack vayask mahila key liye mezban key roop mein 6 seey 21 dinon taka kaa samay liya jaataa haye, yeh avadhi thhande mausam mein sabse lambi hoti haye. jaba vayask mahila koo phir seey bharaa jaataa haye, tou vaha mezban koo jameen parr giraa detee haye. 11-20 dinon key baad gambhir maadaa 2000 seey 6000 andey (20-200 andey prati dinn 16-34 dinon mein) kaa ack batch nama vanaspati jaise kii patte aur shaakhaon key kachare mein, pedon aur jhaadiyon kii chhaal key neeche, yaa shaakhaon key sire key paas patte mein dalna shuru curr detee haye. andey mome jaise padaarth key saath dravyamaan key roop mein judey hotey hain. andaa dene key 1-2 dinn baad maadaa tick marr jaati haye. prayogshala kii sthitiyon mein, maadaa ticks koo dou saal seey adhik samay seey jeevit rakhaa gayaa haye.
mahila key liye engorge karane key liye liye samay mein bhinnata key kaaran, ack mezban teen saptah taka tick leey jaa sakata haye, binaa tick key mahatvapurna roop seey sanlagn yaa pakshaghat kaa kaaran baney. haalaanki, germ mausam mein mahila teji seey sanlagn hoe jaati haye aur usee samay, mezban mein apane vish koo inject karati haye, iss prakaar yadi mezban atisamvedansheel haye tou pakshaghat hoe jaataa haye. vayask mahila aamtaur parr mezban key saath lagaav key teesare yaa chauthe dinn taka vish kii pataa lagaane yogya matra kaa injection naheen lagaati haye, jisamen 5 aur 6 dinon mein adhikatam matra kaa injection diyaa jaataa haye.
nidaanah ack bahut badaa tick jaba poori tarah seey sanlagn hotaa haye; scootum lagbhag chauda aur chauda hotaa haye, ack chhota saa pashch seey madhya lambai taka, majboot paarshv carrine key saath; capitulum apekshaakrit lambe chhidra kshetra gahare, cornua aamtaur parr anupasthit hotaa haye, lekin jaba sabse halke aur goal hotey hain; oricula maujood hotaa haye; hypostome lansolate, dunt chikitsa mukhya roop seey 3/3; koee baahari plate naheen; gudaa khaanche peechhe ack bindu parr milate hain; sabhi coxa key saath ack baahari spur peechhe kii or cumm hoe rhaa hotaa haye; trocanter III aur IV aamtaur parr chhote, nukile nilay spurse key saath.
shareerah binaa andakar, sapaat, peela, 2.6 × 1.1 mimi-3.8 × 2.6 mimi; seemant khaanche achchi tarah seey vikasit aur nirantar; baal chhote, bikhare hue, seemant taha key kshetra mein sabse adhik sankhya mein. ardh-sanlagn namoone aksar shareer key saath coxa IV key peechhe aur sarpil key star parr cummer key saath. poori tarah seey sanlagn namoone motey taur parr andakar, 13.2 × 10.2 mimi praapt karate hue, neele-bhoore rung key alloscutum key saath jeevit ticks, rung mein dorsum light, seemant khaanche key kshetra mein ack kaali patti. 
capitulamah lambai 1.00-1.035 mimi. dorsali 0.60-0.68 mimi chaudaai key aadhar parr, paarshv upa-seemant kshetra sooj jaate hain aur aksar avasaadgrast, madhyam kshetra seey aspasht carrine dwara seemankit hotey hain; pashch seemant, pashchavarti konn sooj jaate hain, kabhi-kabhi halke seey mukhya hotey hain; chhidra kshetra badey, gahare upvrittaakaar yaa andakar, lambe aksh poorv disha mein nirdeshit hotey hain, antaral aksar avasaadgrast hotaa haye, ack kii chaudaai key baare mein adhik seey adhik; pashchavarti margine key saath aadhar, kund, pratigaami auricula key saath achchi tarah seey paribhaashit. palp lambe aur patale, kuchh lambe baal nilay roop seey; lekh I goal aur kuchh mukhya roop seey paarshv roop seey, aantarik 'ring' prishthiya jeebh jaise lambe aur nilay ardhvrittakar aur plate jaise, plate kaa pashch margine palp seey parey faila huaa haye; lekh 2 aur 3 jisamen koee spasht silai naheen haye, 0.75-0.85 mimi lambai aur lagbhag chaar gunaa lamba chauda, sankeern roop seey golakar haye. hypostome lansolate aur spasht roop seey nukila; mukhya roop seey 3/3, chhote, antaral vaale daanton kii sabse bheetari file, mool roop seey 2/2.
skutamah jitna chauda yaa lamba seey thodaa chauda, madhyam lambai key liye thodaa peechhe, 1.6 × 1.7 mimi-2.4 × 2.4 mimi, samtal maadhya, lambe, majboot paarshv carrine key liye bahirmukhi; anuprasth paarshv margine vyaavhaarik roop seey seedha, pashchavarti margine halke avtal; pashchiya angle motey taur parr goal. kaee, thheek, kabhi-kabhi madhyam aur baad mein thodaa motaa, uthala rooge aksar peechhe kii or maujood hotey hain. garbhashay grieva kii grove achchi tarah seey paribhaashit lekin chhoti hoti haye. margination madhyam. skapula blunt.
jannang chhidrah coxa IV key saath ack star parr, lekin sanlagn namoonon mein kabhi-kabhi iss star taka kewal peechhe.
gudaa khancheh gudaa key peechhe mudkar kuchh hudd taka lambe bindu parr milane key liye poorv mein goal.
spiracular plateh upvrittaakaar, sabse badaa ayam 0.40-0.45 mimi.
pairah coxi chikna, i aur ii kabhi-kabhi halke golakar shailiyon key saath, pratyek key peechhe lambe baalon kii ack pankti aur ack baahari spur key saath, purush kii tulanaa mein lambe aur adhik nukile, aur peechhe key aakar mein cumm hoe rahey hain. trocanter IV (aur kabhi-kabhi iii) aksar ack chhote, nilay spur key saath. tarsis kii lambai i 0.70-0.80 mimi, aur tarsis IV 0.60-0.78 mimi.
vayask purush.
nava-abhishapt purush ack mezban kii talash kartaa haye. narr ticks mezban seey alag naheen hotey hain, way anupayogi mahilaaon kii talash mein mezban koo bhatakaate hain jinake saath way sambhog curr sakate hain. maadaa koo nishechit karane key baad purush kii mrityu hoe jaati haye, halanki kuchh purush adhik samay taka sahan curr sakate hain yadi way sanlagn mahila koo parjivi banaate hain.
nidaanah shareer kaa maap 3 × 2.5 mimi seey cumm; paarshv khaanche poori tarah seey conscutum koo gherate hain, koee paarshv carrine naheen; viram chihn thheek; aadhar capituli dorsali, palpi short aur bahut vyaapak; hypostome dentation 2/2, goal daanton key saath; gudaa plate koo peechhe kii or spasht roop seey ingit kiya gayaa; adnal plate koo ack bindu taka ander kii or ghumaavdaar; achchi tarah seey paribhaashit spurse key saath coxa peechhe kii or aakar mein cumm hoe rhaa haye; trocanter III aur IV aksar chhote, ventral spurse key saath.
shareerah andakar, kabhi-kabhi motey taur parr, 1.9 × 1.6 mimi-3.2 × 2.3 mimi; seemant shareer sankeern lekin pramukh roop seey mudataa haye; dorsali viral, seemant shareer key taha parr adhik sankhya mein baal.
capitulamah lambai 0.51-0.65 mimi chaudaai, satah mein viram; pashch margine seedha; koee cornua naheen; pashchavarti margine thodaa alag poorvavarti; aadhar seedhe pashchavarti margine key liye nilay roop seey sankeern, ack chhoti anuprasth katak key saath satah. chhote aur chaude baal; anuchhed 1 goal aur thodaa mukhya roop seey paarshv, ack anuprasth goal flange key saath nirantar aadhar parr; anuchhed 2 aur 3 binaa kissy spasht silai key, 0.33-0.40 mimi lambai mein, lagbhag doguna chauda, door seey goal, baal sankhya mein madhyam, kuchh lambe baal nilay mein. hypostome chhota aur chauda, lambai mein 0.25-0.28 mimi, sankeern aur uthale roop seey door taka goal; badey goal daanton kaa 2/2, kuchh chhote daant door taka aur mool roop seey crinulation.
skutamah andakar, uttal, shareer seey thodaa chhota. paarshv khaanche gahari aur poori tarah seey scootum koo gherati hain, poorv mein kuchh hudd taka raikhik aur halke paarshv carrine kaa anukaran curr sakati hain. viram chihn thheek hain, aamtaur parr adhikansh upmaargik aur antiromedian roop seey; chhadm twacha kabhi-kabhi spasht roop seey dikhaai detee haye. garbhashay grieva kii naali chhoti, uthali hoti haye. margination madhyam. skapula blunt.
jannang chhidrah coxa III key poorvavarti margine key saath ack star parr, kabhi-kabhi dusare intercoxal sthaan key star parr.
ventral plateh lambi seey adhik chaudi purvajanan plate; madhya plate 1.5-1.2 mimi, lambai key lagbhag 3/4 peechhe kii chaudaai; gudaa plate 0.75-0.50 mimi, poorvavarti margine seedha yaa halka ghumaavdaar, peechhe kii or ishara; gudaa plate key bindu key paas binduon parr ghumaavdaar adnal plate; bikhare hue viram chihn aur baalon vaali platein.
spiracular plateh lambi, andakar, sankeern pashch, lambi dhuri poorv disha mein nirdeshit, lambai mein lagbhag 0.50-0.53 mimi.
pairah lambai madhyam. coxa vyaavhaarik roop seey nikatvarti haye, lambe baalon kii ack pankti key saath pashchavarti margine key paas; coxa i aur ii key pashch-aantarik konn kuchh tej hoe sakate hain lekin mukhya naheen hoe sakate hain; sabhi coxa ack baahari spur key saath, sabse majboot aur spasht roop seey coxa i parr ingit hain, joe coxa IV parr sabse chhota haye. troconters III aur IV ack chhote, gahare nilay spur key saath, kewal ack tubersity II parr. tarsis kuchh hudd taka achaanak samaapt hotaa haye; tarsis kii lambai i 0.65-0.71 mimi aur tarsus IV 0.62-0.70 mimi.
anya australiyai ticks seey "ixodes Holocyclus" koo alag karna.
dou visheshataaen joe sabse aasaani seey pahachaani jaati hain aur joe "ixodes Holocyclus" kii visheshataaen hainh
anya ticks jinhen aamtaur parr "ixodes Holocyclus" seey alag karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, unamen "ripicephalus sanguineus" (braun dogg tick), "haemaphysalis longicornis" (busch tick) aur "ripicephalus microplus" (cattle tick) shamil hain. 
ack aspatal kaa chikitsa keat vigyaan vibhaag ticks aur anya chikitsakiya roop seey mahatvapurna keedon kii peshevar pehchaan pradaan curr sakata haye.
mezban.
aam mejbaanon mein lambe naak vaale bandicoot ("paramels nasuta"), vishal brindle bandicoot ("isudon torosus"), ikidna aur posam shamil hain. sambhaavit mejbaanon mein standhaariyon, pakshiyon aur kabhi-kabhi sarisripon kii kaee prajaatiyan shamil hain. lagaatar sankraman key kaaran deshi janwar aamtaur parr vishaakt padarthon key prati pratirakshit hotey hain.
adhikansh standhari, jaise maveshi, bhed, bakariyaan, ghode, suar, billiyaan, guhaayen, choohe, choohe aur manushya, tick seey sankramit hoe sakate hain. ack ekal sanlagn vayask maadaa tick key parinamswarup honey vaali mautein jyaadaatar badee prajaatiyon key yuva jaanvaron aur paltu jaanvaron kii prajaatiyon (kutton aur billiyon) key sabhi umr aur aakaron mein hoti hain. larva aur apsara bhee mezban mein vishaakt pratikriyaen paida curr sakate hain. pachas larva yaa paanch apsara 40 graam choohe koo maar sakate hain; donon mein seey badee sankhya kutton aur billiyon mein pakshaghat koo prerit curr sakati haye. chhote baalon vaale jaanvaron parr unhein dhoondhana aasaan hoe sakata haye, lekin farsi billiyon jaise lambe baalon vaale jaanvaron parr unhein dhoondhana mushkil haye. joe loga tick-pravan kshetra mein rahate hain aur jinake paltu jaanvaron koo baahar jaane kii anumati haye, unhein harr dinn apane paltu jaanvaron kaa nireekshan karane kii salah dee jaati haye. durbhagya seey aksar ticks kii khoj taba taka naheen kii jaati jaba taka kii way mahsoos karane key liye paryaapt badey naa hoe jaaen. iss samay taka tick ney janwar koo badee matra mein vishaakt padaarth key adheen curr diyaa haye. ack vayask mahila chaar choohon koo maarne key liye paryaapt vish paida curr sakati haye. haalaanki yeh vishisht naheen haye, ack sanlagn vayask mahila koo kaee baar alag-alag kutton seey phir seey jodane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
praakritik shikari.
exodes holocyclus" key praakritik shikariyon mein keetbhakshi pakshi aur tataiya shamil hain.
mausami.
lakwa tick key jeevit rahane key liye aardr sthitiyaan aavashyak hain. shushk sthitiyaan, apekshaakrit uchch tapman (32 degree celsius) aur cumm tapman (7 degree celsius) kuchh dinon key baad sabhi charanon key liye ghaatak hotey hain. 27 degree celsius kaa pariveshi tapman aur uchch saapeksh aardrata koo teji seey vikas key liye ishtatam maanaa jaataa haye. bahut shushk yaa bahut geeli sthitiyaan aadarsh naheen hain.
yadi tapman mein bhinnata madhyam rahee haye tou kissy diye gaye varsh mein tick kii aabaadi shayed pichhale varsh kii varsha dwara niyantrit hoti haye. uttar-purvi mausam, mahadweep key purvi tata parr namee seey bharee samudri havaa key saath, aadarsh paristhitiyaan pradaan kartaa haye. yeh pattern aamtaur parr vasant aur garmiyon kii shuruat mein sthaapit hotaa haye. vasant seey madhya garmi mein jaanvaron (vishesh roop seey paltu jaanvaron) mein tick envenomation shikhar parr hotaa haye.
aam taur parr, larva farwari key anta seey aprail yaa maee taka dikhaai dete hain, isake baad march seey sitambar yaa octuber taka apsaraaen dikhaai detee hain aur phir dheere-dheere agast seey farwari taka vayask aabaadi, disambar key aspas charam parr hoti haye. anukool paristhitiyon mein ack dusare chakr key parinamswarup maee mein doosara shikhar hoe sakata haye. haalaanki, vayaskon dwara sankraman varsh key kissy bhee samay hoe sakata haye jaba paristhitiyaan upayukt houn, yahaan taka kii sardiyon key madhya mein bhee. kewal bahut germ garmi key maheenon mein unhein dhoondhana mushkil hotaa haye.
pratyek instar kii chhoti sankhya poore varsh maujood rahati haye, pratyek jeevan chakr khand mein sankhya vishesh samay parr pathaar key star taka badhati haye aur phir phir seey gir jaati haye. adhyayan kiye gaye aathh varshon mein seey dou varshon mein gravid kii sardiyon kii ghatana shoonya seey laker bahut cumm sankhya mein bhinn thee.
saapeksh aakar.
gair-sanlagn ticks kii tulanaa
maap kewal shareer khand koo sandarbhit karate hain (i.ee.pair shamil naheen hain)
sanlagn ticks kii tulanaa 
larva, apsara aur vayask (mahila) avasthaaen. vayask purush tick naheen kartaa haye. narr aur maadaa larva aur apsara ack dusare key samaan hotey hain.
yaun dwiroopata.
kewal "exodes holocyclus" key antim vayask charan mein spasht ling bhinnata dikhaai detee haye. larva koo narr yaa maadaa key roop mein alag naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. apsaraaen yaun roop seey aparipakva hoti hain (jinka koee jannang chhidra naheen hotaa haye).
purush naheen kartaa haye. dhaal (conscutum) poore prishthiya shareer koo dhakta haye. isamen kachhuon key khol kaa ack pattern hotaa haye. mukh bhaag (capitulum) bahut chhota hotaa haye kyonki yeh mezban seey khilaane key liye aavashyak naheen hotaa haye (halanki iska upayog maadaa tick seey khilaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye). narr tick manushyon yaa jaanvaron key liye koee chikitsa jokhim paida naheen kartaa haye-ack purush khojane kaa mahatva yeh haye kii yeh ack mahila kii talash curr rhaa haye-isaliye manushyon aur jaanvaron koo kaheen naa kaheen ack vayask maadaa tick kii sambhaavit upasthiti key liye poori tarah seey jancha jaanaa chaahiye.
 vayask purush
mahila enjorge karati haye. dhaal (scootum) kewal prishthiya shareer key saamane key hisse koo cover karati haye. munh kaa bhaag (capitulum) lamba hotaa haye kyonki yeh khaane key liye aavashyak hotaa haye.
 vayask mahila (praarambhik roop seey)
bhojan prakriya.
ticks aam taur parr rakt key liye anivarya poshak hotey hain. exodes holocyclus" key sakriya charanon (larva, apsara aur vayask) mein poshan key srot key roop mein rakt kii aavashyakta hoti haye. vayaskon koo bhee shukranu yaa andey key utpaadan key liye rakt kii aavashyakta hoti haye. exoded ticks kii khaane kii prakriya mein pahale kaee dinon key liye ack dheema charan hotaa haye jisake baad algaav seey pahale antim 12-24 ghanton mein ack tez charan hotaa haye. dheema charan key anta taka feed banaam unfed bhaar mein duss gunaa vriddhi hoe sakati haye, lekin antim tez charan key anta taka ack aur duss gunaa vriddhi hoti haye. jitna sambhav hoe sakey poori tarah seey sanlagn honey koo chhodane seey mezban dwara pataa lagaane aur hataane kii sambhavana cumm hoe jaati haye. hypostome kii prishthiya satah key saath ack naali hoti haye joe ack khaadya nahar (jise preoral nahar key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) banaati haye jisake madhyam seey rakt mezban seey kheencha jaataa haye aur munh aur grasni mein jaataa haye. exoded ticks dwara rakt khilaane key dauran, bhojan kaa taral bhaag pahale paani aur atirikt ayanon koo hataakar kendrit kiya jaataa haye, joe aant key upkala key paar jaate hain aur tick key shareer guha (haemocole) mein pravesh karate hain. inn ghatakon koo laar granthiyon dwara liya jaataa haye, joe ack paani kii laar kaa utpaadan karate hain jise mezban mein vaapas inject kiya jaataa haye. 
ticks mein rakt bhojan paachan sabhi prajaatiyon mein samaan haye. paachan tantra ootakiya roop seey agra-gutt, madhya-gutt aur pashch-gutt mein vibhajit haye. agra-gudaa mein choosane vaalaa grasni aur annapranali shamil hoti haye. madhya-gutt mein ack valve key saath ack nilay, andhe diverticula (see. aeye. see. aeye.) kii ack parivartaniya sankhya aur ack malashay nully hoti haye. pashch-gudaa koo gudaa-bulb aur gudaa-gudaa mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye.
tick key mukh bhaag koo ("chhota sir") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. capitulum iss arth mein ack vaastavik 'sir' naheen haye kii sanrachanaaen joe aam taur parr sir (adim mastishk, laar granthiyon) key saath judee hoti hain, way isake bheetar nihit naheen hoti hain; yeye sanrachanaaen tick key 'shareer' mein sthit hoti hain. "exodes holocyclus" kii koee aankhen naheen hoti hain.
pulps jodeedaar sparsh aur sthiti anga hain, joe twacha mein naheen daale jaate hain, balki satah parr lagaae jaate hain. 
chilisera yugmit kaatane vaale jabade hain, joe hypostome key liye twacha mein ack channel kaatate hain. hypostome ekal feeding tube haye, joe tick koo isake vipareet barbs dwara bhee lunger daalati haye. 
aadhar capituli chhalli kii besal ring banaata haye jisase palps, chelisera aur hypostome judey hotey hain. aadhar capituli dorsoventral tala mein chalati haye aur shareer key saath sahee tareeke seey abhivyakt hoti haye.
ack baar jaba yeh ack bhojan sthal chuna letaa haye, tou ack tick apane pairon key saath khud koo sthiti mein rakhta haye taaki apane shareer koo ack tej konn parr uthaaya jaa sakey. palps dwara nirdeshit, chelisera apani kshaitij kaatane kii kriya key saath twacha mein kaatate hain. yeye rip aur epidermal paraton parr aansuu aur rakt kaa ack chhota pool banata haye. hypostome daala jaataa haye, aur yeh praarambhik lagaav shakti pradaan kartaa haye. ixodes Holocyclus" key mamle mein, hypostome koo dermis mein bahut gaharaai seey daala jaataa haye. jiss prakriya seey iss tarah key ticks feed koo telmophagy (pool feeding) kahaa jaataa haye. (yeh machharon dwara upayog kii jaane vaali solenophagy kii prakriya key vipareet haye, jisamen ack chhote seey shiraparak seey seedhe bhojan kiya jaataa haye.) laar granthiyon seey chhode gaye anticoagulants key parinamswarup parinami pool kaa vistaar hotaa haye.
mezban haemostasis, soojan aur koshika-madhyasth pratiraksha dwara tick ghaav key khilaf pratikriya kartaa haye. aushadhiya roop seey sakriya padarthon kii ack shrinkhala koo tick kii laar key saath inject kiya jaataa haye, jisamen anticoagulants, prostaglandin ee2, prostacline, epirase aur kuchh tick prajaatiyon mein, antihistamine shamil hain. prostaglandin ee2 aur prostacycline platelet ektrikaran koo rokte hain aur rakt vaahikaon koo failaate hain. bhojan lagbhag nirantar hotaa haye, jisamen laar kii daalen bhojan kii avadhi key saath baari-baari seey hoti hain taaki mezban suraksha kaa nirantar daman sunishchit kiya jaa sakey.
tick key munh key hisson key aspas granulomatous pratikriya mein laar aur sambhavatah vish kii sandrata hoti haye. kuchh prayogkartaon dwara yeh socha jaataa haye kii iss granuloma mein sthit avashisht vish cumm seey cumm aanshik roop seey badhate pakshaghat key liye jimmedaar haye joe tick koo hataane key baad hotaa haye. tulanaa mein, uttari americi pakshaghat tick "dermacenter anderson" (chattani aim. tii. aine. mein paaya jaane vaalaa) lagaav key sthaan parr ack granuloma kaa utpaadan naheen kartaa haye, aur iss mamle mein tick koo hataane key baad pakshaghat teji seey vaapas aaa jaataa haye. dermacenter anderson" key vipareet, "exodes holocyclus" ack lambe hypostome key saath ack gahara feeder haye (joe 1689 um key roop mein gaharaai seey pravesh curr sakata haye).
sambaddhata.
nimnalikhit sabhi chhaviyaan "ixodes Holocyclus" kii vayask mahila koo darshaati hain. jaise-jaise rung aur nishan badalate jaate hain, vaise-vaise rung aur nishan bhee badal jaate hain. yeh teesara tick haye, "madhyam roop seey sanlagn" vayask mahila (chaudaai, sarpil key star parr, 4 mimi seey adhik) jise aamtaur parr tick envenomation key saath kutton seey hataa diyaa jaataa haye. yadi kutte parr poori tarah seey sanlagn tick paaya jaataa haye, tou yeh bataata haye kii kutte mein ack nishchit matra mein pratiraksha haye.
vayask mahila-koee sanlagnata vayask mahila-praarambhik sanlagnata vayask mahila-madhyam sanlagnata vayask mahila-poorna sanlagnata yeye chitra ack dusare key saath paimaane parr naheen hain. kyonki 'dhaal' (scootum) kaa aakar maadaa tick key judane key saath naheen badalata haye, yeh saapeksh aakaron kii tulanaa karane key liye upayogi haye.
vitaran aur nivaas sthaan.
"exodes holocyclus" mukhya roop seey tateey purvi australia key saath, door uttar raani bhoomi mein cooktown key paas seey victoria mein jheelon key pravesh dwaar taka paaya jaataa haye. sthaanon parr, yeh 100 kimmy seey adhik antardeshiya roop seey paaya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey raani bhoomi key bunya pahaadon aur nyu south wells key nichale neele pahaadon jaise nama escorpment aur shrinkhalaon key kshetron mein.
vitaran maanchitra kewal tick key vitaran kaa ack anuman detaa haye kyonki sthiti sthir naheen haye. mailborne key uttar-purvi upnagaron sahit antardeshiya victoria seey reportein hain. yeh bhoomadhyarekhiya seey dhruviya akshaanshon taka keedon aur ticks kii samanya gati koo pratibimbit curr sakata haye joe badale mein jalavaayu parivartan seey sambandhit hoe sakata haye.
aardr sthitiyon kii aavashyakta kaafee hudd taka iss prajaati key vanaspati sambandhi sthaan koo nirdhaarit karati haye. cumm, pattedaar vanaspati havaa aur seedhe suraj kii roshni key shushk prabhaav koo cumm karke uchch aardrata kaa star pradaan karati haye. yeh vatavaran tick key pramukh mezban, bandicoot key liye bhee upayukt haye, kyonki yeh patte key kachare mein krimi aur krimi kii talash kartaa haye. kuchh vanaspati lakwa key liye anukool hoe sakati hain.
iss baare mein mishrit report hain kii kyaa lakwa ticks pedon parr chadhate hain. kuchh sandarbhon mein pedon kii choti parr chadhaai karane vaale ticks kaa ullekh haye, jabaki anya bataate hain kii way jameen key 50 semi key bheetar rahate hain.
tick kaatane.
avalokan.
exodes holocyclus" key kaatane seey honey vaale prabhaavon key prakaar mezban key prakaar key anusaar unaki aavritti mein bhinn hotey hain aur kyaa tick larva, apsara yaa vayask key charan mein haye.
haalaanki prajaatiyon key beach janmajaat antar kii sambhavana haye, prabhaavon mein bhinnataon koo kaafee hudd taka iss baat seey samajhaaya jaa sakata haye kii mezban kitni baar aur kitni bhaari matra mein ujagar hotey hain.
manushya.
ack vayask mahila "exodes holocyclus" dwara kaatane kii jagah parr sthaaniya sunnata aur ack khujali vaali gaanth honey kii ummeed kii jaa sakati haye joe kaee hafton taka rahati haye.
halanki tick kaatane key adhikansh mamle manushyon mein apratyaashit hotey hain, kuchh gambhir allergy pratikriyaon, tick-sanchaarit sankraamak rogon jaise kii recatesial spotted fever (jise queensland tick typhus key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye), aur tick pakshaghat sahit jeevan key liye khatarnak prabhaav paida curr sakate hain.
larva aur apsaraon key saath-saath vayask bhee bahut naatakiya allergy pratikriyaen paida karane mein saksham hain. ack bhee larva key judane key 2-3 ghante key bheetar naatakiya sthaaniya laali aur soojan vikasit hoe sakati haye.
logon koo jeevit aur mrit tick utpaadon donon key sampark mein aaney key baad allergy pratikriyaon kaa anubhav huaa haye. ack tick key ack vyakti key haath key oopar chalane seey kuchh logon mein teevra asuvidha aur khujali paida hoti haye. tick boddy key kaun seey vishesh ghatak inn pratikriyaon kaa kaaran banate hain, yeh agyaat haye, lekin yeh ack paani mein ghulansheel ghatak hoe sakata haye joe cuticular naharon key madhyam seey utsarjit hotaa haye.
dakshin-poorv raani bhoomi mein ack 'pagal karane vaalaa daane' (jise sthaaniya roop seey 'scrub itch' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) kaee tick larva key sankraman key kaaran hotaa haye. yeh vishesh roop seey lantana scrub jaise pattedaar jhaadiyon koo saaf karane vaale logon koo prabhaavit kartaa haye.
jabaki manushyon mein pranaaleegat pakshaghat sambhav haye, yeh abb ack apekshaakrit durlabh ghatana haye. aisaa isaliye haye kyonki ack vayask mahila tick koo kaee dinon taka sanlagn rahane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ateet mein aisaa honey kii adhik sambhavana thee kyonki samasya key baare mein chikitsa aur saarvajanik jagrukta cumm thee aur shayed isaliye kii iska poliyo key roop mein galat nidan honey kii adhik sambhavana thee. bachchon mein aur una sthitiyon mein jahaan ticks koo una sthaanon parr jodaa jaataa haye jahaan unakaa aasaani seey pataa naheen chalata haye (jaise.jee., pattiyon key neeche). 1989 taka, australia mein 20 maanav mauton kii soochana millie thee.
yadi tick kaatane kii jagah parr ack asamanya kaali kharonch (escar) vikasit hoti haye, yaa tick kaatane key kuchh hafton key bheetar honey vaali bimari key koee anya sanket hain (vishesh roop seey flue jaise lakshan, bukhaar, samanya twacha key daane, yaa maanspeshiyon yaa jodon mein dard), tou doctor seey paramarsh kiya jaanaa chaahiye aur tick kaatane key baare mein soochit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. recatesial sankraman ("ricketsia australis" yaa "ricketsia honey") iska kaaran hoe sakata haye. jabaki aise kaee recatesial sankraman aatm-seemit hain, antibiotic davaaon key saath praarambhik upchaar kuchh vyaktiyon mein deerghakaalik samasyaon koo roque sakata haye. doctor lime jaisi bimari kii sambhavana kii jaanch bhee curr sakate hain, vishesh roop seey yadi koee 'bullsai' yaa lakshit aakar kii twacha parr daane (erythema migrance) bhee hain.
gharelu janwar.
tick key lakvagrast karane vaale vishaakt padaarth seey salana 100,000 gharelu janwar prabhaavit honey kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa haye, jisamen 10,000 paltu jaanvaron koo upchaar key liye pashu chikitsa sarjanon key paas bheja jaa rhaa haye.
allergy.
exodes holocyclus" key sabhi charan aamtaur parr manushyon mein allergy pratikriyaon key liye jimmedaar hotey hain.
larva key prati allergy pratikriyaaen.
kuchh larvaon koo ack gair-samvedansheel mezban key saath jodane seey bahut cumm yaa koee pratikriya naheen hoti haye, bhale hii sampark kaee dinon taka lamba rahata haye. haalaanki, kuchh khujali, laali aur sthaaniya soojan key anta mein lagaav key sthaan parr vikasit hoe sakata haye.
larva key saath baar-baar sankraman, jaisa kii graameen aur jangli upnagariya kshetron mein hotaa haye jahan bandicoot aam hain, teji seey atisamvedansheelta key vikas kii or leey jaataa haye. yadi kissy vyakti koo pichhale kaatane seey samvedansheel kiya gayaa haye tou ack larva key judane key 2-3 ghante key bheetar naatakiya sthaaniya laali, sunnata, soojan aur khujali vikasit hoe sakati haye. iss mamle mein larva key lagaav seey intra-epidermal blubs aur antatah fafole bunn jaate hain. yeye antatah toot jaate hain aur larva alag hoe jaate hain aur khou jaate hain. palak parr ack tick key honey seey kuchh ghanton key bheetar chehare aur gardan mein soojan aaa sakati haye. vyakti lakshnon kii pahali shuruat key baad 5-6 ghanton key bheetar tracopharyngeal sampeedan vikasit curr sakata haye.
nama garmiyon key dauran lambe paudhon kii koee bhee gadbadi tick larva kii bauchhar paida curr sakati haye. jaba badee sankhya mein larva ack samvedansheel vyakti seey judate hain, tou gambhir allergy dermatitis hoe sakata haye. iss tarah key prakop dakshin-poorv raani bhoomi mein mausami hotey hain aur aamtaur parr janwari, farwari aur march key dauran hotey hain jaba larva kii aabaadi apane charam parr hoti haye. dermatitis kaa saamana aamtaur parr graameen shramikon mein hotaa haye.
apsaraon aur vayaskon key liye allergy pratikriyaaen.
nimphal aur vayask charanon kaa lagaav parivartansheel pratikriyaaen utpann kartaa haye, jinamen seey kaee allergy kii prakriti key hotey hain. aksar, lagaav bahut cumm yaa koee pratikriya naheen dey sakata haye aur rogi kuchh dinon taka tick kii upasthiti seey anjaan hoe sakata haye jaba taka kii antatah mamuli khujali isaki khoj kii or leey naheen jaati haye. isake vipareet, kabhi-kabhi sthaaniya roop seey badhee hui samvedansheelta yaa atee-asthaai dawa hoti haye. aise sanlagnak sthal lalpan seey ghire hotey hain.
tick koo hataane key baad kuchh hafton key antaral parr sanlagnak sthal parr khujali kii punaravritti hoe sakati haye, aur aamtaur parr tick koo hataane key ack yaa ack dinn key bheetar ack chhoti see thhos gaanth bunn jaati haye. yeh phir seey kaee hafton taka banaa reh sakata haye. kaatane key kshetra kaa kuchh rung badal sakata haye. anya mamalon mein twacha kii pratikriyaaen khujali aur kaafee laali, soojan aur soojan key saath gambhir hoe sakati hain. loga sirdard kii bhee soochana dete hain.
khaadya allergy.
manushyon mein tick kaatane kii pratikriyaon aur standhari maans allergy key beach ack sambandh bhee bataaya gayaa haye. prerit allergy asamanya haye kyonki allergy pratikriya kii shuruat, joe halke pett key lakshnon seey laker janleva anaphylaxis (twacha parr chakatte, soojan vaali jeebh aur raktchaap mein gambhir girawat) taka hoti haye, standhari maans (aamtaur parr gomans, bhed kaa bachcha yaa suar kaa maans) khaane key 3 seey 6 ghante baad taka hoe sakati haye aur aksar tick kaatane key kaee maheenon baad hoe sakati haye.
manushyon aur kuchh vanaron koo chhodkar sabhi standhaariyon key ootak taral padarthon mein ack carbohydrate hotaa haye jise aamtaur parr alfa-galle (galactose-1,3-galactose) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. jaba ack tick standhari (bandicoot, posam, billi, kutta aadi) kaa khoon khaata haye.) yeh alfa-galle koo tick key paachan tantra mein leey jaataa haye. jaba vahee tick agale mezban seey juda jaataa haye (ee.jee., ack maanav) yeh alfa-galle koo usa agale mezban key ootakon mein sthanantarit kartaa haye. kuchh manushyon kii pratiraksha pranali alfa-galle koo videshi key roop mein pehchaanati haye aur isaliye isake khilaf antibody kaa utpaadan karati haye. iss mamle mein utpaadit antibody aaee. jee. ee. haye, joe adhikansh allergy pratikriyaon key liye jimmedaar antibody kaa prakaar haye. iss prakaar manushya koo standhari maans (lekin murgi yaa machhali naheen) key baad key antargrahan key liye deree seey allergy pratikriya key liye praathamik kiya jaataa haye.
manushya mein alfa-galle allergy koo abb rakt pareekshan key madhyam seey pahachaana jaa sakata haye. alfa-galle kii pratikriya tick key liye kissy bhee tatkaal allergy pratikriya seey alag haye, joe tick kii laar mein protein dwara uksaayaa jaataa haye, naa kii carbohydrate alfa-galle seey. haalaanki, jinn logon koo aisee allergy hoti haye, unhein agale kaee maheenon mein standhari maans seey allergy honey kii adhik pravritti hoe sakati haye.
tick pakshaghat.
vishaakt padaarth.
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii "exodes holocyclus" key vishaakt padaarth tantrika-peshi junctions parr neurotransmitter acetylcholine key sraav kii viphalata kaa kaaran banate hain. prayogon mein jahaan tantrika-manspeshi kii taiyari koo vish yukt ghol mein ushmaayit kiya gayaa thaa, vish key judane key baad pakshaghat prabhaav mein chhah seey saat ghante taka deree hui thee. jeevit pareekshan jaanvaron kii tarah, yeh prabhaav tapman parr nirbhar thaa, uchch tapman parr pakshaghat adhik teji seey hoe rhaa thaa. zahar key saath injection kiye gaye jeevit choohon mein injection key baad lagbhag 8 seey 12 ghanton taka pakshaghat key sanket vikasit naheen hue. deree seey vishaaktata kaa kaaran agyaat haye.
exodes holocyclus" kii laar granthiyon seey kaee vishaakt ansh alag kiye gaye hain, lekin pramukh pakshaghatkari vish yaa vishaakt padarthon key aanvik aakar mein bhinnata paaee gaee haye. praarambhik shodh ney sujhaav diyaa kii sabse neurotoxic ansh ack protein thaa (aanvik vajan 40-60 kilodalton, jaba freeze sookhe jaate hain, jise mool roop seey holocyclotoxine naam diyaa gayaa haye) ack anya vish ghaatak lekin gair-pakshaghatkari paaya gayaa thaa.
ack aur haal key adhyayan ney teen cumm-aanvik-vajan vaale vishaakt padarthon koo alag kiya, jinamen seey teenon shishu choohon mein pichhale anga pakshaghat kaa kaaran banane mein saksham they. halanki, kewal ack koo hii matra mein alag kiya jaa sakata haye jisase aage key shodh kii anumati mill sakati haye. anu 6 kilodalton parr apekshaakrit chhota thaa, joe lagbhag 50 emino acid key protein key anuroop thaa jaise kii bichchu aur makadi key vishaakt padarthon mein.
pakshaghatkari vish seey honey vaalaa laabh spasht naheen haye. erachnid honey key kaaran, ticks shikari arthropods (makadiyan, bichchu aur mite) seey sambandhit hain. makadiyon aur bichchu ney vishaakt padarthon koo banaae rakhaa haye aur vishesh vitaran sanrachana (daant aur tilhan) vikasit kii haye, jabaki mite aur ticks ney iss visheshta koo khou diyaa haye. ticks kii 800 prajaatiyon mein seey kewal 40-64 prajaatiyan (10 vanshon mein) kissy naa kissy roop mein vishaaktata kaa kaaran banati hain. jaise-jaise ticks ack shikari astitva seey ack parjivi astitva kii or badhe hain, adhikansh prajaatiyon ney apana vish khou diyaa haye, joe ack parjivi jeevan shally key liye ack nuksan hoga (samanya roop seey parjivi apane mejbaanon koo maarne seey labhanvit naheen hotey hain). tick toxin kaa jeane anukram bichchu key vishaakt padarthon key liye uchch samroopata dikhaata haye.
exodes holocyclus" kii laar mein ack anty-coagulant bhee hotaa haye.
paltu janwar.
australia key purvi tata parr kutte aur billiyaan aamtaur parr "exodes holocyclus" key kaaran honey vaale tick pakshaghat kii chapet mein aaa jaate hain. ack samaan tick prajaati, "exodes cornuatus", tasmenia mein pakshaghat kaa kaaran banati haye. lakwa daalane vaalaa vish (yaa vishaakt padaarth) laar granthiyon mein utpann hotaa haye aur bhojan prakriya key hisse key roop mein inject kiya jaataa haye.
vayask maadaa tick aamtaur parr cumm seey cumm 3 dinon key liye sanlagn kiya jaataa haye, isase pahale kii bahut shuruati sanket dekhe jaate hain, halanki ack "bahut" paryavekshak vyakti lagaav key 48 ghanton (germ jalavaayu mein) key baad vyavhaar mein thodaa badalaav dekhana shuru curr sakata haye. halanki, aam taur parr, ack vyakti koo lagaav key cumm seey cumm chauthe dinn taka spasht sanket naheen dikhaai denge. thhand key mausam mein bhojan kii prakriya kaafee dheemi hoe jaati haye aur kuchh jaanvaron mein dou saptah taka pakshaghat key mahatvapurna sanket naheen dikh sakate hain. isake alawa, kutte shayed hii kabhi mahatvapurna sanket dikhaate hain jaba taka kii vayask mahila cumm seey cumm 4 mimi kii chaudaai taka naheen pahunch jaati (sarpil key star parr maapa jaataa haye; "ixodes Holocyclus" key paarshv drishya kii tasveer dekhein).
anupachaarit chhod diyaa, parinam aksar, yadi aamtaur parr naheen, ghaatak hotaa haye. vish yaa vish maanspeshiyon key ootak koo lakvagrast curr detaa haye; vishesh roop seh
vasant ritu tick pakshaghat key liye charam mausam haye kyonki yeh taba hotaa haye jaba ticks moult hotey hain aur apane jeevan chakr key antim vayask charan mein vikasit hotey hain; yeh vayask charan haye joe bhojan key dauran sabse adhik vishaakt padarthon kaa utpaadan bhee kartaa haye. halanki, tick pakshaghat key chhitput mamle poore saal hoe sakate hain, yahaan taka kii sardiyon key madhya mein bhee.
ack baar sanlagn honey key baad, maadaa rakt kheenchati haye aur dheere-dheere sooj jaati haye. samanya germ mausam kii sthitiyon mein praarambhik vriddhi dheemi hoti haye, lekin chaar yaa adhik dinon key baad yeh bahut teji seey hoe jaati haye. teji seey vriddhi charan bhee vishaakt laar key sabse badey injection seey judaa huaa haye.
kutta yaa billi kaee tarah key sanket dikhaa sakata haye joe shuruati charanon mein bahut sookshm hoe sakate hain. shuruati sanketon mein susti, bhookh naa lagana, uthane parr spasht karahana, parivartit aavaaj (chhaal yaa meev), shore machaana, khaansi, laar kaa laar aanaa, galey lagaana, punarjanan (kutte) aur badhee hui putaliyaan (billiyaan) shamil hain. kabhi-kabhi ack anga kamjor yaa langada dikhaai dey sakata haye. chehare key kinare seey judaa ack tick palak jhapakaane, corneal alsar aur aankh seey sraav kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. gudaa key paas ack tick sanlagn honey seey gudaa asanyam hoe sakata haye.
jaise-jaise vishaaktata badhati haye, sanketon kaa sanyojan tick vishaaktata kii adhik visheshta bunn jaataa haye. pragatisheel anga kamjori hoti haye joe pahale pichhale pairon mein dekhi jaati haye. ack kutta 'sharabi' (attaxic) key roop mein chalata huaa dikhaai dey sakata haye. seedhiyaan chadhane mein asamarthata yaa binaa thokar khaae tanga ghere mein mudane mein asamarthata hoe sakati haye. shwasan dheema hoe sakata haye aur samaapti key anta mein ack grunt hoe sakata haye. kuchh janwar iss star parr aasaani seey ghabra jaate hain aur unhein shaanti seey sambhala jaanaa chaahiye (vishesh roop seey billiyon).
antatah pakshaghat itna gambhir hoe jaataa haye kii ack janwar khadaa honey yaa apana sir uthaane mein bhee asamarth hoe jaataa haye. saans dheemi, atishayoktipurna aur haanfane vaali hoe jaati haye. saans parr durgandh aspiration pneumonia kaa sanket dey sakati haye. haalaanki dard koo tick pakshaghat kii visheshta naheen maanaa jaataa haye, janwar gambhir sankat mein dikhaai dete hain. anta mein, shleshm jhilli mein ack neela rung (sinosis) vikasit hotaa haye aur komaa kii sthiti ingit karati haye kii mrityu aasann haye.
tick koo hataane key baad, sanket aamtaur parr 48 ghanton taka kharaab hotey rahate hain, halanki bigadana aamtaur parr hataane key baad pahale 12-24 ghanton mein sabse adhik spasht hotaa haye.
tick pakshaghat kaa praathamik upchaar anty-tick seeram kaa saavdhaanipoorvak prashaasan haye. anty-tick seeram kii prabhavsheelta iss baat parr nirbhar karati haye kii ise kitni jaldi diyaa jaataa haye. praarambhik upchaar poorna roop seey thheek honey kaa sabse achchha mauka pradaan kartaa haye. saamp key kaatane key vipareet, tick envenomation kii shuruat apekshaakrit dheemi hoti haye. iss dheemi shuruat key bavjood, mrityu darr adhik hoe sakati haye (saamp key kaatane seey bhee adhik) yadi sanketon key aage badhane seey pahale antisserum koo paryaapt jaldi naheen diyaa jaataa haye.
sahayak upchaaron mein shamil hoe sakate hainh
tick lakwa kii roktham jyaadaatar dainik khoj aur tick-repelling yaa tick-killing agents key upayog key sanyojan seey praapt kii jaati haye. yeye saamyik spray, dhona aur collar yaa pranaaleegat maukhik agent hoe sakate hain. kuchh malik ticks kaa pataa lagaane mein madad karane key liye farr koo chhota karate hain.
dainik khoj aamtaur parr ack vyakti koo ack sanlagn tick khojane key liye kuchh dinn detee haye. haalaanki lagaav key shuruati charan mein ticks chhote aur sapaat hotey hain aur itani aasaani seey chhoot jaate hain. jabaki kutton parr adhikansh ticks sir, gardan aur kandhon key aspas paae jaate hain, way kutte kii satah parr kaheen bhee hoe sakate hain. way aasaani seey chehare, pairon aur pair kii ungaliyon key beach chhoot jaate hain. kabhi-kabhi way honthon, kaana kii naharon, prepus yaa yoni aur gudaa key ander paae jaate hain.
billiyon mein jyaadaatar ticks hotey hain jahan way khud koo samvaarne key liye naheen pahunch sakate hain-aksar gardan key peechhe yaa kandhe key blade key beach, thhodi key neeche, sir parr, yaa oopari pair parr. ticks kaheen aur sanlagn hoe sakate hain, yahaan taka kii poonchh, kathor taaloo yaa gudaa key ander bhee.
lambe baalon vaali billiyaan joe baahar nikalati hain, unhein adhik khatra hotaa haye. chataai vaale coat aur gaanthdaar ghaavon vaali twacha bhee ticks koo dhoondhana adhik kathin banaa detee haye. kuchh pashu chikitsak sanlagn ticks koo khojane mein madad karane key liye poore coat kii ack karibi clip karate hain.
billiyon parr tick vishaaktata kii ghatana agyaat haye, aur way kutton kii tulanaa mein pakshaghat key prati cumm samvedansheel hoe sakate hain.
kutton koo tick toxin seey bachaane key liye ack vaccine kaa vikas karane kaa prayaas kiya gayaa haye lekin abhee taka safal naheen huaa haye.
ghode.
ghode koo lakvagrast karane key liye aavashyak lakwa ticks kii sankhya agyaat haye, lekin ack adhyayan mein badey ghodon key mamle they jinamen kewal ack seey dou ticks lakwa hoe gaye they aur khade honey mein asamarth they. kissy bhee umr aur aakar key ghode tick pakshaghat seey prabhaavit hoe sakate hain. usee adhyayan mein, 26 pratishat ghode marr gaye aur jeevit ghodon mein seey 35 pratishat mein dabaav ghaav, cornia key alsar, pneumonia aur sepsis sahit ack yaa adhik jatilataaen vikasit huin. iss adhyayan mein ghodon mein apekshaakrit uchch mrityu darr kaee karakon key kaaran hoe sakati haye, jisamen pashu chikitsak bulaaye jaane seey pahale ghode buri tarah seey prabhaavit hoe rahey hain, ack recombent ghode kii dekhbhal seey judee kathinaaiyaan, maalikon koo badee sankhya mein nursing dekhbhal dene kii aavashyakta key saath kathinaaiyaan, aur ghodon mein roga kaa prabandhan karane vaale pashu chikitsakon koo jaankaari kii kamee shamil haye.
tick hataane.
tick hataane kii sabse achchi vidhi key baare mein bahas dou mukhya chintaon key ird-gird adharit haye. pahala yeh haye kii hataane kii vidhi hanikarak padarthon (allergy, vishaakt padarthon aur sankraamak sookshmajeevon koo lakwa dene vaale) key aage key injection kaa kaaran bunn sakati haye. doosara yeh haye kii vidhi twacha mein 'sir' (tick key munh key hisse) koo antarnihit curr sakati haye.
tick kii laar granthiyaan aur aant kii samagri ack saath hanikarak padarthon kaa mukhya srot hain, aur yeye tick key mukhya shareer mein sthit hain. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii tick kii kissy bhee jalan key kaaran yeh yaa tou laar kaa injection lagaa sakata haye yaa aant kii samagri koo phir seey uttejit curr sakata haye yaa tick key shareer mein koee bhee sampeedan mezban mein laar aur aant kii samagri koo nichod sakata haye.
methylated spirit, nell polish remover, tarpeen yaa chaay-pedh key tail key prayog seey tick mein jalan hoti haye aur yeh adhik hanikarak padarthon koo inject kartaa haye. tick parr makkhan yaa tail failaane kii bhee abb anushansa naheen kii jaati haye. pyrethrine (yaa pyrethroid) keetnashakon key upayog koo 'ack maadak aur ack vishaakt padaarth key roop mein sujhaaya gayaa haye, joe tick koo apani laar koo inject karane seey rokta haye' lekin iss vidhi key saath tick mrit honey seey pahale 24 ghante taka shaaririk roop seey judaa reh sakata haye. billiyon parr pyrethrine yukt utpaadon kaa upayog naa karein kyonki way billiyon key liye vishaakt hain.
munh key angon koo twacha mein antarnihit chhod denaa aamtaur parr cumm chinta kaa vishay hotaa haye. yadi antahsthaapit chhod diyaa jaataa haye, tou mukh key anga shareer kii baahari pratikriya kaa kaaran banate hain aur aamtaur parr antatah ack splinter kii tarah dhala jaate hain. yeh nott kiya gayaa haye kii jaba "ixodes hollocyclus" koo jabaran nikala jaataa haye, tou feeding tube (hypostome) aamtaur parr kshatigrast hoe jaati haye, jisase pataa chalata haye kii isaki noke kaa hissa twacha mein antarnihit rahata haye.
shareer key samvedansheel kshetron mein (ee.jee.palakon), tick koo chhoone seey isaki upasthiti achaanak dardanaak hoe sakati haye.
hataane seey pahale
yadi freezing eather-spray upalabdh haye
yadi freezing eather-spray upalabdh naheen haye
tick koo pakadane key anya tareeke
hataane key baad
larva ticks koo hataana
zoonotic sankraman.
kaee jeevaanu roga "exodes holocyclus" dwara failate hain. abhee taka iss vector seey judee koee viral yaa protozoal beemaariyaan gyaat naheen hain.
maanaa jaataa haye kii kathor (exoded) ticks key liye vector kshamata key liye sookshmajeev koo tick key bheetar doharaane mein saksham honah aavashyak haye. yeye ticks ack charan mein vibhinn mejbaanon seey kaee baar rakt bhojan naheen lete hain, aur tick charanon (trance-stadial sancharan) key beach ack jeev koo paarit karane key liye prateet hotaa haye kii ack jeev tick key paripakva honey key saath prasaar karane mein saksham hoe.
bukhaar key lakshan.
"ixodes Holocyclus" recatesial spotted fever (jise queensland tick typhus key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) (kaaran jeev "ricketsia australis") aur flinders eyeland spotted fever (kaaran jeev "ricketsia honey") key liye mukhya vector haye. "ricketsia australis" ack baadhya antahkoshikiya jeevaanu parjivi haye joe chhoti rakt vaahikaon kii endothelial koshikaon key bheetar failata haye, jisase vasculitis hotaa haye. australia mein paae jaane vaale tick-janit lime jaisi bimari kii tulanaa mein spotted fever shayed adhik aam haye. kabhi-kabhi "ricketsia australis" key saath sankraman binaa daane key hotaa haye; kewal ack uchch bukhaar hoe sakata haye. aamtaur parr (65 pratishat mamalon mein) tick kaatane kii jagah parr ack kaalaa dhabba (jise asser key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aamtaur parr 2-5 mimi vyaas) hotaa haye. yeh ack kharonch kii tarah dikhta haye jisamen chaaron or laali aur soojan hoti haye. aamtaur parr kewal ack easer hotaa haye jaba taka kii ack seey adhik tick kaat naa hoe. aksar paas kii lasika granthiyaan badee aur dardanaak hoti hain. bukhaar tick kaatane key kuchh dinon baad (aamtaur parr 7-10 dinn) shuru hotaa haye, usake baad kuchh dinon key bheetar ack daane aatey hain. chakatte chikan poxes kii tarah dikh sakate hain kyonki dhabbon mein kuchh taral padaarth hoe sakata haye. anya lakshnon mein sirdard, gardan mein akadan, matali, ulti, mansik bhram aur maanspeshiyon aur jodon mein dard shamil hain. vayaskon aur bujurgon mein bimari adhik gambhir hoe sakati haye. dhabbedar bukhaar kaa nidan dou rakt parikshanon (immunoglobulin aim aur wheel-felix pareekshan) dwara kiya jaataa haye joe 10 dinon key antaral parr kiye jaate hain. twacha biopsy kaa pee. see. aar. vishleshan ack adhik halia pareekshan vidhi haye. yeh roga lagbhag dou saptah mein apana course chalaata haye lekin tetracycline antibiotic davaaon seey adhik jaldi thheek kiya jaa sakata haye. choonki antibiotic upchaar bahut prabhaavi haye, kaee loga itna achchha mahsoos karate hain kii way rakt kaa doosara namuna ekatra karane key liye vaapas naheen aatey hain. lekin yeh doosara rakt pareekshan mahatvapurna haye kyonki yeh chittidaar bukhaar kaa nidan saabit karane kaa ekmatra tarika haye. kabhi-kabhi, yadi kabhi bhee, ack seey adhik baar dekhaa jaataa haye kyonki ack baar sankramit vyakti aamtaur parr jeevan key liye pratirakshi bunn jaataa haye. durlabh udaharanon mein thheek honey key baad baar-baar sankraman hoe sakata haye; yeh gyaat naheen haye kii yeh kissy anya tanaav key kaaran huaa haye yaa naheen. yeh bhee vartamaan mein agyaat haye kii kyaa puraane sankraman hotey hain. yeh bimari shayed hii kabhi ghaatak hoti haye. australiyai chittidaar bukhaar kaa pahali baar 1946 mein varnan kiya gayaa thaa jaba 12 sainikon koo uttari raani bhoomi mein prashikshan abhyaas key dauran bimari hui thee; usa samay ise raani bhoomi tick typhus key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. sankraman aam taur parr graameen kshetron mein utpann hotey hain, lekin 10 pratishat mamle shaharon mein paae gaye hain. yeh aamtaur parr dakshini raani bhoomi mein tick collectors mein dekhaa jaataa haye. yeh jyaadaatar sardiyon aur vasant key dauran hotaa haye, lekin samshitoshna kshetron mein kissy bhee samay hoe sakata haye.
kyu bukhaar.
"ixodes Holocyclus" kaa ullekh aamtaur parr q bukhaar ("coxiella bernetti") key sambhaavit sadish key roop mein bhee kiya jaataa haye. alankrit kangaru tick (walabi tick) "ambleoma triguttam" koo bhee kyu bukhaar mein fansaaya gayaa haye.
australia mein lime jaisi spirochattle bimari.
lime roga kaa varnan pahali baar 1883 mein europe mein aur 1970 key dashak mein uttari america mein kiya gayaa thaa. yeh ack sarpil aakar key jeevaanu key kaaran honey vaali bimari haye jise spirocate kahaa jaataa haye. sabse prasiddh aparaadhi "borelia bergdorferee" haye, lekin kaee alag-alag "borelia" prajaatiyan duniya bhar mein lime roga kaa kaaran banati hain. ack australiyai spirocate abhee taka manushyon mein naheen paaya gayaa haye, aur yeh "borelia bergdorferee" seey kaafee alag hoe sakata haye. naidaanik mamle kii report key bavjood, yeh abhee bhee vivadaspad haye kii kyaa australia mein lime roga hotaa haye. kuchh doctor aur swaasthya adhikaari maanate hain kii aisaa hotaa haye, jabaki anya iss baat parr adey hue hain kii aisaa naheen haye. jaba taka vivaad kaa samadhan naheen hoe jaataa, taba taka sandigdh lime jaisi bimari vaale rogiyon kaa ilaaj antibiotic davaaon key uchit pathyakram key saath kiya jaanaa chaahiye kyonki lime roga key shuruati upchaar kaa parinam hamesha ack poorna ilaaj mein hotaa haye.
lime roga rogjanak "borelia bergdorferry sensu stricto" (ack sanyukt raajya tanaav) key sambandh mein "exodes holocyclus" parr kuchh vector kshamata adhyayan kiye gaye hain. inn sujhaavon ney sujhaav diyaa kii tick spirocate key iss tanaav koo prasaarit naheen curr sakata haye. isake bavjood, ack majboot vishvaas haye kii kissy prakaar kaa lime-jaisa spirocate australia mein lime-jaisi bimari kaa kaaran banata haye aur yeh "exodes holocyclus" dwara kiya jaataa haye. sidney key shaahi uttari tata aspatal mein tick-janit roga anusandhaan ikai iss mudde parr apana adhyayan jaari rakhe hue haye. lime jaisi bimari key mamalon kaa nidan naidaanik sanketon (aksar musculluskeletal, purani thakan, tantrika sambandhi aur twacha sambandhi), anya sankramanon key bahishkaar, serology (joe sahayak haye lekin nirnaayak naheen haye), aur antibiotic upchaar key liye pratikriya key aadhar parr kiya jaa rhaa haye. shuru mein, antibiotic davaaon seey lakshan bigad sakate hain (herksheimer pratikriya), kyonki spirocates nasht hoe jaate hain, joe kuchh hudd taka nidan kaa samarthan karate hain.
lime-jaise boreliosis kaa yeh anumaanit australiyai roop uttari america key vaastavik lime roga seey ack alag naidaanik chitra seey judaa huaa haye.
lime jaisi bimari key twacha key ghaav..
tick kaatane key baad pahale chaar hafton mein shuruati lakshnon mein ack daane yaa laal patch shamil hotaa haye joe dheere-dheere kaee dinon mein failata haye. yeh kaafee badaa hoe sakata haye (50 mimi yaa usase adhik vyaas). iss daane koo erythema migrance yaa aim kahaa jaataa haye. kaatane kii jagah parr allergy pratikriya seey antar karna mushkil hoe sakata haye. allergy vaale chakatte aamtaur parr kaatane key 48 ghanton key bheetar hotey hain, phir feeke hoe jaate hain. aam taur parr tick kaatane key baad 48 ghanton kii deree key baad way pahali baar dikhaai dete hain aur kuchh dinon yaa hafton mein badey hoe jaate hain. jaise-jaise yeh badhata haye, aim raish mein aksar ack 'lakshya' yaa 'bullsai' upasthiti hoti haye, joe adhik spasht laal kinare key saath beach mein saaf hoti haye. way maheenon yaa varshon taka baney reh sakate hain, usa samay mein aaa aur jaa sakate hain. kabhi-kabhi kaee chhote-chhote chakatte hoe jaate hain. lime roga vaale 20 pratishat vyaktiyon mein yeh hoe sakata haye.
lime jaisi bimari seey prabhaavit anya shareer pranaaliyan..
tantrika tantra, hriday, maanspeshiyon aur jodon key spirocate dwara aakraman key kaaran lakshan unaki tulanaa mein adhik aam hain. yeye tick kaatane key hafton yaa maheenon baad shuru hoe sakate hain. shuru mein, unamen flue jaisi bimari, bukhaar, sirdard, galey mein kharash, thakan, maanspeshiyon mein dard aur jodd shamil hoe sakate hain. adhik gambhir hain meningitis, bails palsy (chehare kii maanspeshiyon kii kamjori), jodon kii soojan, aur dill kii samasyaaen aur saans lene mein takleef. lime roga koo kaee anya beemariyon seey alag karna mushkil haye, jaise kii chronic thakan syndrome, kyonki lakshan samaan hoe sakate hain. yadi kissy rogi mein aise lakshan hain joe lime roga hoe sakate hain, bhale hii kabhi koee tick kaatane kii baat naa dekhi gaee hoe, tou doctor koo dekhana mahatvapurna haye. nidan mein madad ack rakt pareekshan dwara kii jaati haye jise western blott test kahaa jaataa haye, lekin ack doctor yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye anya pareekshan curr sakata haye kii kyaa koee anya bimari lakshan paida curr sakati haye.
lime jaisi bimari kaa upchaar..
adhik gambhir samasyaon koo rokane key liye antibiotic davaaon key saath praarambhik upchaar mahatvapurna haye. tick seey kaate jaane vaali garbhavati mahilaaon koo doctor koo dikhaana chaahiye. kuchh aankadon seey pataa chalata haye kii lime roga bhroon koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye, lekin america aur europe mein dou badey adhyayanon mein bhroon parr pratikool prabhaav kaa koee khatra naheen dikhaaya gayaa haye.
baahari link.
doctors key liye aage kii jaankaari tick-sancharit rogon australia mein upalabdh haye.