
synthetic aanvik motor

synthetic aanvik motor aanvik masheenen hain joe oorjaa nivesh key tahat nirantar dishaatmak ghoornan mein saksham hain. halanki "aanvik motor" shabd paaramparik roop seey ack praakritik roop seey paae jaane vaale protein koo sandarbhit kartaa haye joe gati koo prerit kartaa haye (protein gatishilata key madhyam seey), kuchh samooh gair-javic, gair-peptide synthetic motors kaa ullekh karate samay bhee iss shabd kaa upayog karate hain. kaee rasaayanagya iss tarah key aanvik motors key sanshleshan kaa peechha curr rahey hain.
ack synthetic motor key liye buniyaadi aavashyaktaaen 360° gati, oorjaa kii khapat aur ack-dishaatmak ghoornan hain. iss disha mein pahale dou prayaas, dow. dwara rasayanik roop seey sanchaalit motor. tii. boston college key ross kellie sahakarmiyon key saath aur bayne ferringa aur sahakarmiyon dwara prakaash-sanchaalit motor, 1999 mein prakriti key isi ank mein prakaashit kiye gaye they.
2020 taka, sabse chhoti paramanu roop seey sateek aanvik machine mein ack rotter hotaa haye jisamen chaar paramanu hotey hain.
rasayanik roop seey sanchaalit rotary aanvik motor.
ack kritrim rasayanik roop seey sanchaalit rotary aanvik motor key liye ack prototype kaa ack udaaharan 1999 mein kellie aur sahakarmiyon dwara bataaya gayaa thaa. unaki pranali teen-blade vaale trypticine rotter aur ack helicin seey bunny haye, aur ack dishaatmak 120° ghoornan karane mein saksham haye.
yeh aavartan paanch charanon mein hotaa haye. trypticine bhaag parr maujood amine samooh koo fosgine (aeye) key saath sanghanan dwara ack isocyanate samooh mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye. kendriya bandhan key chaaron or taapiya yaa sahaj ghoornan taba isocyanate samooh koo helicin bhaag (bee) parr sthit hydroxyl samooh key nikatata mein laataa haye, jisase inn donon samoohon koo ack dusare key saath pratikriya karane kii anumati milati haye (see). yeh pratikriya aparivartaniya roop seey pranali koo ack tanaavpurna chakreeya mootramaarg key roop mein fansaati haye joe oorjaa mein adhik hoti haye aur iss prakaar urjaavaan roop seey mool avastha kii tulanaa mein ghoornan oorjaa baadha key karib hoti haye. isaliye iss baadha koo door karane key liye trypticine bhaag key aage key ghoornan key liye kewal apekshaakrit cumm matra mein thermal sakriyan kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jisase tanaav (dee) mukt hotaa haye. anta mein, mootramaarg samooh kaa vichhedan anu (ee) kii amine aur alcohol karyatmaktaon koo bahaal kartaa haye.
ghatnaaon key iss anukram kaa parinam helicin bhaag key sambandh mein trypticine bhaag kaa ack dishaatmak 120° ghoornan haye. trypticine rotter kaa atirikt aage yaa peechhe kaa ghoornan helicin bhaag dwara baadhit hotaa haye, joe ack rachet key pull key samaan kaary kartaa haye. pranali kii ack-disha helicin bhaag key asmamit tirchhe key saath-saath see mein banane vaale chakreeya eurethane key tanaav donon kaa parinam haye. iss tanaav koo kewal dee mein trypticine rotter key ghadee kii disha mein ghoornan seey cumm kiya jaa sakata haye, kyonki ghadee kii vipareet disha mein ghoornan key saath-saath dee kii vyutkram prakriya donon urjaavaan roop seey pratikool hain. iss sambandh mein ghoornan disha key liye vareeyata karyatmak samoohon kii sthiti aur helicin key aakar donon dwara nirdhaarit kii jaati haye aur iss prakaar baahari karakon dwara nirdhaarit honey key bajaay anu key design mein nirmit hoti haye.
kellie aur sahakarmiyon dwara motor ack suruchipurna udaaharan haye kii kaise rasayanik oorjaa kaa upayog niyantrit, ack-dishaatmak ghoornan gati koo prerit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, ack aisee prakriya joe kaee prakriyaon koo eendhan dene key liye jeevon mein atp kii khapat key samaan haye. haalaanki, yeh ack gambhir kamee seey peedit haih 120° ghoornan kii or leey jaane vaali ghatnaaon kaa crum dohraya naheen jaa sakata haye. isaliye kellie aur sahakarmiyon ney pranali koo badhaane key tarikon kii khoj kii haye taaki iss anukram koo baar-baar kiya jaa sakey. durbhagya seey, iss uddeshya koo puuraa karane key unake prayaas safal naheen hue hain aur vartamaan mein pariyojana koo chhod diyaa gayaa haye. 2016 mein david leh key samooh ney pahali swaayatt rasayanik-eendhan synthetic aanvik motor kaa aavishkaar kiya.
synthetic rasayanik roop seey sanchaalit rotary aanvik motors key kuchh anya udaaharan joe sabhi abhikarmakon key kramik jodd dwara sanchaalit hotey hain, kii soochana dee gaee haye, jisamen kieral abhikarmakon key upayog dwara ack resemic byral lactone key stereoselective ring opening kaa upayog shamil haye, jisake parinamswarup dusare eril key sambandh mein ack eril kaa 90° kaa nirdeshit ghoornan hotaa haye. shakha-prabandhak aur saha-karmchaariyon ney bataaya haye kii iss drishtikon kaa upayog ack atirikt ring samaapan charan key baad, ack gair-doharaae jaane yogya 180° ghoornan koo puuraa karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
ferringa aur sahakarmiyon ney iss drishtikon kaa upayog ack anu key apane design mein kiya joe baar-baar 360° ghoornan curr sakata haye. iss aanvik motor kaa poorna ghoornan chaar charanon mein hotaa haye. charan aeye aur see mein eril bhaag kaa ghoornan pratibandhit haye, halanki helix vyutkram sambhav haye. bee aur dee charanon mein eryl nefthlein key sambandh mein steric antahkriyaon key saath ghoom sakata haye joe eryl koo nefthlein koo paar karane seey rokta haye. ghoornan chakr mein chaar rasayanik roop seey prerit charan hotey hain joe ack charan koo dusare charan mein badalane kaa ehsas karate hain. charan 1 aur 3 asmamit valay udghaatan pratikriyaaen hain joe eryl key ghoornan kii disha koo niyantrit karane key liye ack kieral abhikarmak kaa upayog karati hain. charan 2 aur 4 mein phenol kaa apghatan hotaa haye, jisake baad regioselective ring kaa gathan hotaa haye.
prakaash-sanchaalit rotary aanvik motor.
1999 mein pro. dow. bayne ell. groningen vishvavidyalaya, neetherland mein feringa ney ack dishaatmak aanvik rotter key nirmaan kii soochana dee. unaki 360° aanvik motor pranali mein ack biss-helicin hotaa haye joe ack alkien dohare bandhan dwara judaa hotaa haye joe akshiya cirelity pradarshit kartaa haye aur jisamen dou stereocenter hotey hain.
ack-dishaatmak ghoornan kaa ack chakr 4 pratikriya charan letaa haye. pahala kadam trance ("pee", "pee") isomer 1 seey "sis" ("aim", "aim") 2 kaa cumm tapman vaalaa endothermic photoisomerization haye, jahaan "pee" daaen haath key helix key liye aur "aim" baaen haath key helix key liye haye. iss prakriya mein, dou akshiya methyl samoohon koo dou cumm steric roop seey anukool bhoomadhyarekhiya methyl samoohon mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye.
tapman koo 20 degree celsius taka badhaakar yeye methyl samooh ack helix vyutkram mein ("pee", "pee") "sis" akshiya samoohon (3) mein vaapas parivartit hoe jaate hain. kyonki akshiya samasthaanik bhoomadhyarekhiya samasthaanik kii tulanaa mein adhik sthir haye, isaliye vipareet ghoornan avaruddh haye. ack doosara photoaisomarikaran ("pee", "pee") sis 3 koo ("aim", "aim") trance 4 mein parivartit kartaa haye, phir seey steric roop seey pratikool bhoomadhyarekhiya methyl samoohon key gathan key saath. 60 degree celsius parr ack thermal isomerization prakriya 360 degree chakr koo akshiya sthitiyon mein vaapas bund curr detee haye.
inn pranaliyon mein poorna ghoornan key liye ack badee baadha lambi pratikriya samay haye, joe javic pranaliyon mein motor protein dwara pradarshit ghoornan gati seey tulanaa naheen kartaa haye. abb taka kii sabse tej pranali mein, ack florin nichale aadhe key saath, thermal helix vyutkram kaa aadhaa jeevan 0.005 sekand haye. iss yaugik koo barton-kelog pratikriya kaa upayog karke sanshleshit kiya jaataa haye. maanaa jaataa haye kii iss anu mein apane ghoornan mein sabse dheema kadam, ushmiya roop seey prerit helix-vyutkram, bahut adhik teji seey aage badhata haye kyonki badaa "turt"-butyle samooh asthir isomer koo methyl samooh key upayog kii tulanaa mein aur bhee cumm sthir banaata haye. aisaa isaliye haye kyonki asthir isomer sankraman avastha kii tulanaa mein adhik asthir haye joe helix-vyutkram kii or leey jaataa haye. donon anuon key alag-alag vyavhaar koo iss tathya seey darshaaya gayaa haye kii "turt"-butyle samooh key bajaay methyl samooh vaale yaugik key liye ardh-jeevan samay 3.2 minut haye.
feringa siddhant koo ack prototype nainokaar mein shamil kiya gayaa haye. sanshleshit kaar mein ack oligo (finaline athenylene) chessis aur chaar carboren pahiyon key saath ack helicin-vyutpann injan haye aur scanning tunneling microscopy nigrani key saath ack thhos satah parr aage badhane mein saksham honey kii ummeed haye, halanki abb taka aisaa naheen dekhaa gayaa haye. motor fulreen pahiyon key saath pradarshan naheen karati haye kyonki way motor bhaag key prakaash rasayan koo bujhaa dete hain. thhos satahon seey rasayanik roop seey judey rahane parr bhee ferringa motors koo sanchaalit rahane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye. kuchh ferringa pranaliyon kii asmamit utprerak key roop mein kaary karane kii kshamata kaa bhee pradarshan kiya gayaa haye.
2016 mein, ferringa koo aanvik motors parr unake kaam key liye nobel puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
ekal-anu vidyut motor kaa prayogaatmak pradarshan.
aine"-butyle methyl sulphide (see5aich12aiss) key ekal anu seey baney ack ekal-anu vidyut sanchaalit motor kii soochana dee gaee haye. anu koo rasayan avashoshan dwara tambe (111) ekal-chrystal tukade parr avashoshit kiya jaataa haye.

