
paaramparik machhali pakadane vaali naav

paaramparik roop seey, kaee alag-alag prakaar kii naukaaon kaa upayog samudra mein, yaa jheel yaa nadee parr machhali pakadane key liye machhali pakadane vaali naukaaon key roop mein kiya jaataa rhaa haye. aaj bhee kaee paaramparik machhali pakadane vaali naukaaen upayog mein hain. sanyukt rashtra khaadya aur krishi sangathan (aff. aeye. oh.) key anusaar, 2004 key anta mein, vishva machhali pakadane key bede mein lagbhag 40 laakh jahaaj shamil they, jinamen seey 27 laakh binaa sajawat vaali (khuli) naukaaen theen. jabaki lagbhag sabhi sajaae gaye jahaajon kaa mashinikaran kiya gayaa thaa, kewal ack tihai binaa sajaae machhali pakadane vaali naukaaen sanchaalit theen, aamtaur parr baahari injanon key saath. shesh 18 laakh naaven vibhinn prakaar kii paaramparik naukaaen theen, joe paal aur patvaaron dwara sanchaalit hoti theen.
yeh lekh machhali pakadane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali naukaaon key baare mein haye joe injan upalabdh honey seey pahale maujood designs seey banaai gaee theen yaa theen.
avalokan.
praarambhik machhali pakadane vaale jahaajon mein raft, dugout dongi, nalsiyaan aur lakadi kii chhaal seey dhaki ack frame seey nirmit naaven shamil theen, jaise kii coracles. puraataatvik khudai seey paaee gaee sabse purani naaven lagbhag 1,000 saal pahale key navpashan kaal kii khudai kii gaee naukaaen hain. inn naukaaon koo aksar sadharan patthar key aujaaron kaa upayog karke shankudhari pedh key latthon seey kaataa jaataa thaa. kuwait mein nalas aur taar seey bunny 7000 saal purani samudri naav millie haye. inn praarambhik jahaajon kii kshamata seemit thee; way tair sakate they aur paani parr aage badh sakate they, lekin tatrekha seey kissy bhee badee doori key upayog key liye upayukt naheen they. inca upayog mukhya roop seey machhali pakadane aur shikaar key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
machhali pakadane vaali naukaaon kaa vikas vyaapaar aur yuddh key liye banaai gaee naukaaon key vikas key samanantar huaa. praarambhik naavikon ney paal key liye jaanvaron kii khaal yaa buney hue kapadon kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa. naav mein seedhe khade khambhe parr chipakaae gaye inn paalon ney shuruati naukaaon koo adhik doori dee, jisase anveshan kii yaatraaen sambhav huin.
aff. aeye. oh. key anusaar, 2004 key anta mein, vishva machhali pakadane key bede mein vibhinn prakaar key 18 laakh paaramparik shilp shamil they joe paal aur patwar dwara sanchaalit kiye jaate they. chhote machhali pakadane vaale jahaajon key liye yeye aankade shayed cumm bataae gaye hain. aff. aeye. oh. inn aankadon koo badey paimaane parr rashtriya rajistaron seey sankalit kartaa haye. inn abhilekhon mein aksar chhoti naukaaon koo hataa diyaa jaataa haye jahaan panjikaran kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye yaa jahaan praantiya yaa nagarpalika adhikaariyon dwara machhali pakadane key licenses diye jaate hain. indoneshiya mein kathit taur parr lagbhag 700,000 vartamaan machhali pakadane vaali naukaaen hain, jinamen seey 25 pratishat khudai kii gaee naukaaen hain, aur jinamen seey aadhe binaa motor key hain. phillippeans ney machhali pakadane vaali chhoti naukaaon kii samaan sankhya kii soochana dee haye.
paaramparik machhali pakadane vaali naukaaen aamtaur parr tata key usa hisse kii visheshta hoti hain jisake saath way kaam karati hain. way samay key saath sthaaniya sthitiyon koo puuraa karane key liye vikasit hotey hain, jaise kii naav nirmaan key liye sthaaniya roop seey upalabdh samagri, naavon koo samudra kii sthitiyon key prakaar aur sthaaniya matsya paalan kii maangon kaa saamana karna padegaa.
kaarigaron kii machhali pakadana chhote paimaane parr vaanijyik yaa nirvaah machhali pakadana haye, vishesh roop seey paaramparik machhali pakadane kii takneekon aur paaramparik naukaaon kaa upayog karane vaale tateey yaa dweep jaatiya samoohon koo shamil karane vaali prathaaen. isamen paaramparik machhali pakadane kii prathaon mein shamil viraasat samooh bhee shamil hoe sakate hain. karigar machuaare aamtaur parr chhoti paaramparik machhali pakadane vaali naukaaon kaa upayog karate hain joe khuli (binaa sajawat vaali) hoti hain aur paal hoti hain; yeye naukaaen bahut cumm yaa binaa kissy machinikrit yaa electronic upkaran kaa upayog karati hain. badee sankhya mein kaarigaron kii machhali pakadane vaali naukaaen abhee bhee upayog mein hain, vishesh roop seey lambe utpaadak samudri tata rekha vaale vikaasheel deshon mein.
raft.
ack bedaa ack aisee sanrachana haye jisamen ack sapaat sheersh hotaa haye joe tairta haye. yeh sabse buniyaadi naav design haye, jisaki visheshta patwar kii anupasthiti haye. classic raft kaa nirmaan kaee logg koo katkar kiya jaataa haye, jise saath-saath rakhaa jaataa haye, dou yaa dou seey adhik atirikt logg koo dusaron key vipareet rakhaa jaataa haye. kaee asiai deshon mein, raft kaa nirmaan isi tarah baans kaa upayog karke kiya jaataa haye.
uthale paani mein, raft koo ack dhakka khambhe seey maaraa jaa sakata haye. inca upayog jheelon key aspas uthale paani mein machhali pakadane key liye gupt munch key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. aashrayit tateey jall mein, lunger yaa bahate hue raft prabhaavi machhali ekatra karane vaale upkaran bunn sakate hain. payav paaramparik baans key raft they jinka upayog dakshin poorv asia mein ektrikaran upkaran key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. nauka key sheersh parr machuaare toona koo pakadane key liye handline kaa upayog karate they.
puntoon naukaaon aur kuchh hudd taka punt koo raft key aadhunik vyutpann key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
nalika naukaaen.
naav, raft aur yahaan taka kii chhote tairate dweep bhee naliyon seey banaae gaye hain. nalika raft koo nalika naukaaon seey alag kiya jaa sakata haye, kyonki nalikaon koo jalrodhi naheen banaaya jaataa haye.
nakkashi (aur taar) seey bunny sabse purani gyaat naav kuwait mein paaee jaane vaali 7000 saal purani samudri naav haye.
euro ack swadeshi loga hain joe incas seey pahale key hain. way aaj bhee titikaka jheel mein bikhare hue maanav nirmit tairate dweepon parr rahate hain. inn dweepon kaa nirmaan totora nalikaon seey kiya gayaa haye. pratyek tairta huaa dweep teen seey duss gharon key beach rahata haye, joe bhee naliyon seey baney hotey hain. uro bhee apani naavon kaa nirmaan sookhi naliyon seey karate hain. inn dinon kuchh euro naukaaon mein motor hoti hain, jinka upayog machhali pakadane aur samudri pakshiyon key shikaar key liye kiya jaataa haye.
easter dweep mein nalika naukaaon kaa nirmaan peru mein upayog kiye jaane vaale naavon key samaan design key saath kiya gayaa thaa. peru aur bolivia key alawa, ethiopia mein abhee bhee nalika naukaaon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye aur haal hii mein corfu mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa.
coracles.
coracles ack katori key aakar kii halki naaven hoti hain, aamtaur parr buni hui ghaas yaa naliyon key frame key saath, yaa jaanvaron kii khaal seey dhake majboot paudhon key saath. keel-rahit, sapaat tala samaan roop seey sanrachana mein vajan failata haye joe paani kii aavashyak gaharaai koo aksar kewal kuchh inch taka cumm curr detaa haye. bhaarat, viyatnam, iraq, tibbat, uttari america aur britten mein coracles kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye aur kuchh hudd taka abhee bhee inca upayog kiya jaataa haye.
iraq mein coracles koo "kyufa" kahaa jaataa haye."unakaa itihas pracheen kaal seey chalaa jaataa haye jahan way 600 aur 900 eesaa poorv key beach taraashe gaye assyrian yug key nakkashidar chitron parr dikhaai dete hain. yeye nakkashidar abb british sangrahalaya mein hain. herodotus ney 5veen shatabdi eesaa poorv mein babylone kaa daura kiya aur vahaan unake saamane aae coracles kaa ack lamba vivaran likhaa. paaramparik roop seey, "kyufa" koo vilo yaa juniper key saath frame kiya jaataa thaa aur khaal yaa naliyon seey dhakaa jaataa thaa. isake baad baahar kii or jalrodhak key liye germ bitumen seey lepit kiya gayaa thaa, halanki ander kii or badey jahaajon key liye bhee lepit kiya jaa sakata thaa. inn korkal kaa upayog 1970 key dashak seey vishesh roop seey baghdad key aspas tigris aur ufrates nadiyon parr lagaatar kiya jaa rhaa haye. kuchh iraqi coracal bahut badey hain, jinamen seey sabse badaa vyaas taka pahunchata haye aur 5 tunn taka leey jaane mein saksham haye.
britten mein 49 eesaa poorv mein jaba julius seasure ney unakaa saamana kiya thaa, taba coracles kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. way abhee bhee wells mein upayog kiye jaate hain, jahan unhein paaramparik roop seey vilo kii chhaal key saath bandhi hui vibhajit aur aapas mein buni hui vilo chhad key saath banaaya jaataa thaa. baahari parat ack pashu twacha thee, jaise kii ghodaa yaa bail kii khaal, jisamen jalrodhak key liye taar kii ack patali parat thee. aaj tard calico yaa canvas, yaa buss fiber glass kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. vibhinn velsh nadiyon key apane design hain, joe nadee key pravaah key anuroop hain. udaaharan key liye, teafy coracal sapaat-tala haye, kyonki ise garmiyon mein nadee parr aam uthale rapids koo baatchit karane key liye design kiya gayaa haye, jabaki karmarthan coracal goal aur gahara haye, kyonki iska upayog tivy parr jwaariya paani mein kiya jaataa haye, jahaan koee rapids naheen hain.
coracle prabhaavi machhali pakadane vaale jahaaj hoe sakate hain. jaba kushalata seey sanchaalan kiya jaataa haye, tou way shayed hii paani yaa machhali koo pareshan karate hain. velsh coracal machhali pakadane kaa kaam dou logon dwara kiya jaataa haye, jinamen seey pratyek apane coracal mein baithe hotey hain aur ack haath seey jaal pakadate hain jabaki dusare haath seey vaha apana paddle chalaate hain. jaba ack machhali pakadi jaati haye, tou pratyek jaal key apane chhor koo taba taka uthaata haye jaba taka kii donon coracal sparsh naheen curr lete aur machhali surakshit naheen hoe jaati. kaee coracles itane halke aur portable hotey hain kii unhein aasaani seey machuaaron key kandhon parr leey jaaya jaa sakata haye.
uttari america mein, americi bhaartiyon aur seema sainikon ney bhains kii khaal seey vilo frame koo dhakkar coracal banaae, jinhen bail kii naav kahaa jaataa haye. bhains key baal chhipaai parr chhod diye gaye they kyonki yeh shilp koo kataai seey rokta thaa, aur poonchh koo bhee barkarar chhod diyaa gayaa thaa aur bail kii naukaaon koo ack saath baandhane key liye upayog kiya jaataa thaa.
bhaaratiya coracal aamtaur parr dakshin bhaarat mein kaveri aur tungbhadra nadiyon parr kaam karate hain. chhote lagbhag 6.2 feat (1.9 meater) vyaas key hotey hain, aur mukhya roop seey machhali pakadane key liye upayog kiye jaate hain. bhaaratiya korkal kaa upayog pragaitihasik kaal seey kiya jaataa rhaa haye.
tibbat mein, machhali pakadane aur logon koo leey jaane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale coracles, juniper frame parr yaak kii khaal koo failaakar aur chamade key thungs seey bandhkar banaae jaate hain. way iraq coracles key aakar key hain. yaak butter kaa upayog jalrodhak key liye kiya jaataa haye. phir seey, vibhinn nadiyon key apane design hain. kabhi-kabhi atirikt sthirata key liye dou coracles koo ack saath baandh diyaa jaataa haye.
viyatnam mein, baans seey nirmit suruchipurna coracal kaa upayog abhee bhee kaee samudra taton seey kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii neha trang, phain thiyat aur muee ney. coracles koo motor naav key peechhe ack pankti mein ack taar parr motiyon kii tarah unake machhali pakadane key maidan taka kheencha jaataa haye. vahaan machuara samudra mein machhali pakadane key jaal daal detaa haye. baad mein, ack aur nauka, samudri tata key machuaaron koo unaki machhali pakadane key saath samudra tata parr vaapas curr detee haye.
dongiyaan.
ack dongi ack chhoti sankeern naav haye, joe aamtaur parr dhanush aur stern donon kii or ishara karati haye aur aam taur parr sheersh parr khulati haye, halanki unhein dhakaa jaa sakata haye. ack dugout ack dongi haye joe ack pedh key taney seey khokhla hoti haye. sabse purani gyaat dongi neetherland mein paaee jaane vaali dugout pesse dongi haye. see14 detting vishleshan key anusaar iska nirmaan 8200 aur 7600 eesaa poorv key beach kaheen kiya gayaa thaa. iss dongi koo neetherland key essen mein drents sangrahalaya mein pradarshit kiya gayaa haye. ack aur khudai, lagbhag utani hii purani, noyen-sur-seane mein paaee gaee haye. africa mein paaee jaane vaali sabse purani gyaat dongi dufuna dongi haye, jiska nirmaan lagbhag 6000 eesaa poorv kiya gayaa thaa. isaki khoj 1987 mein nigeria mein phulani charvaahe dwara kii gaee thee.
lauh yug key dauran grate britten key nivasi machhali pakadane aur parivahan key liye dugout kaa upayog karate they. newport, shropshire mein khoje gaye dou pracheen khudai sthal newport mein harper addams vishvavidyalaya mein pradarshit kiye gaye hain. 1964 mein, pool bandargah, dorset mein ack khudai kaa pataa chalaa thaa. 300 eesaa poorv kii pull logboat 18 logon koo samaayojit karane key liye paryaapt badee thee aur ack badey oak key pedh seey banaai gaee thee.
purvi uttari americi bhaartiyon kii dongiyaan sabse prasiddh hain. yeye, aksar suruchipurna dongiyaan, khudai naheen hoti theen, balki ack lakadi key frame seey bunny hoti theen, joe ack berch key pedh kii chhaal seey dhaki hoti thee, jise jalrodhak banaane key liye khadaa kiya jaataa thaa.
aam taur parr dongiyon koo paddle key saath chalaaya jaataa haye, aksar dou logon dwara. paddler yatra kii disha mein saamana karate hain, yaa tou patwar mein sahaara parr baithe hotey hain, yaa seedhe patwar parr ghutane tekate hain. paddle ekal-blade yaa dohare-blade hoe sakate hain.
ack pyrogue ack chhoti, sapaat-tala vaali naav haye joe vishesh roop seey paschim african machuaaron aur louisiana daldal key kaijunon seey judee haye. yeye aamtaur parr khudai key liye banaae gaye hotey hain, aur halke aur itane chhote hotey hain kii aasaani seey jameen parr leey jaaya jaa sakata haye. design pirog koo daldal key bahut uthale paani seey gujarane kii anumati detaa haye aur naav mein jaane vaale kissy bhee paani koo nikaalane key liye aasaani seey badal diyaa jaataa haye. pirog koo aamtaur parr ack blade key saath paddle dwara aage badhaaya jaataa haye. ise uthale paani mein ack dhakka khambhe seey bhee maaraa jaa sakata haye. chhote paal kaa bhee upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. kaee kshetron mein outboard motors kaa upayog teji seey kiya jaa rhaa haye.
chesapeek khaadi kii logg canoe aadhunik arthon mein ack canoe bilkul naheen haye, halanki yeh dugout canoe key vistaar key madhyam seey vikasit hui haye.
rookhe paani mein sthirata key liye, dongiyon koo baahari naukaaon seey susajjit kiya jaa sakata haye. ack yaa dou chhote logs koo lambe khambhon dwara mukhya patwar key samanantar lagaaya jaataa haye. dou baahari agantukon key mamle mein, ack koo patwar key donon taraf lagaaya jaataa haye. inhen outrigor dongi kahaa jaataa haye.
indoneshiya aur phillippeans mein kaee machhali pakadane vaali naukaaen dohare-baahari naukaaen hain, jisamen dou judey hue baahari naukaaon key saath ack sankeern mukhya patwar hotaa haye, jise aamtaur parr indoneshiya mein "jukung" aur phillippeans mein "baanka" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
jukung baali mool kaa haye, joe prashant/asiai outrigger dongiyon kii kaee shailiyon mein seey ack haye. baahari chalakon dwara pradaan kii gaee kaafee sthirata kaa matlab haye kii jukung ack lait (trikoniya) paal key saath achchi tarah seey saamana kartaa haye. jabaki lettain paal havaa seey nipatane mein kuchh kathinaaiyaan prastut kartaa haye, ack jhool kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jukung apani pahunch kshamata aur jhool-surakshit daud mein shandar haye. way aamtaur parr atyadhik sajaae jaate hain aur ack marlin jaise shikaar koo dhaaran karate hain.
ack paaramparik katmaran mein dou dongiyaan yaa vaak hotey hain, joe ack frame seey judey hotey hain, joe aakon seey baney hotey hain. pracheen tamil chola rajvansh dwara 5 veen shatabdi esvi kii shuruat mein apane aakraman bede koo sthanantarit karane key liye katmaran kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. taba seey, inca vyaapak roop seey dakshin poorv asia aur polynesia mein machhali pakadane key liye upayog kiya jaataa rhaa haye.
kaayak koo aam taur parr naukaaon seey paddler kii baithane kii sthiti aur paddle parr blade kii sankhya key aadhar parr alag kiya jaataa haye. ack kayak mein paddler aage kii or, pair saamane, ack dohare blade vaale paddle kaa upayog kartaa haye. ack dongi mein paddler aage kii or munh kartaa haye aur ack blade vaale paddle kaa upayog karke naav mein baithata haye yaa ghutane tekta haye. duniya key kuchh hisson mein, jaise kii united kingdam mein, kaayak koo ack upaprakaar kii dongi maanaa jaataa haye. mahadvipiya europeeya aur british canoeing club aur 19veen shatabdi key sanghon ney kaayak key samaan shilp kaa upayog kiya, lekin unhein dongi key roop mein sandarbhit kiya.
rassiyaan aur rekhaaen.
vishvasaniya aur tikaau rassiyon aur lines kii upalabdhata key paaramparik machhali pakadane vaali naukaaon key vikas aur upayogita key liye kaee parinam hue hain. inca upayog takhton aur frame koo ack saath baandhane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, khambhon key liye thaharane kii rekhaaon key roop mein, naav koo surakshit karane key liye lunger rekhaaon key roop mein aur machhali pakadane key jaal banaane key liye machhali pakadane kii rekhaaon key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
rassiyaan aur rekhaaen reshe kii lambai seey bunny hoti hain, joe tanyata shakti pradaan karane key liye ack saath mudey hue yaa goonthe hue hotey hain. inca upayog kheenchane key liye kiya jaataa haye, lekin dhakka dene key liye naheen.
lagbhag 15,000 eesaa poorv kii lascox kii gufaaon mein seey ack mein "lagbhag 7 mimi vyaas kii dou-parat vaali russie" key jeevaashm tukade paae gaye hain. misra kii russie 4000 seey 3500 eesaa poorv kii haye aur aam taur parr paani key nalika reshon seey bunny thee. pracheen kaal mein anya russie khajur, sunn, ghaas, papyrus, chamada yaa jaanvaron key baalon key reshon seey banaai jaati thee. chean mein bhang key reshon seey bunny russie kaa upayog lagbhag 2800 eesaa poorv seey kiya jaataa thaa.
pranodan.
injan upalabdh honey seey pahale, naavon koo haath seey yaa havaa seey chalaaya jaa sakata thaa. naav mein seedhe rakhe gaye khambhon seey paal jodkar naavon koo havaa seey chalaaya jaa sakata haye. haath seey pranodan uthale paani mein ack dhakka khambhe seey ghoonsa markar kiya jaa sakata haye, aur gahare paani mein ack paddle key saath paddle karke yaa patwar key saath naukaayan karke kiya jaa sakata haye. paddling aur roing key beach kaa antar yeh haye kii roing karate samay patwar kaa naav key saath ack yaantrik sambandh hotaa haye, jabaki paddle karate samay paddle binaa kissy yaantrik sambandh key haath seey pakade jaate hain. paaramparik roop seey naukaaon koo paddle kiya jaataa thaa, jisamen paddler naav key dhanush kaa saamana kartaa thaa. chhoti naaven joe patwar kaa upayog karati hain, unhein nauka kahaa jaataa haye, aur naukaachaalak aamtaur parr stern kaa saamana kartaa haye.
lagbhag 4000 eesaa poorv, misra key loga kaee naavikon dwara sanchaalit lambi sankeern naukaaon kaa nirmaan curr rahey they. agale 1,000 varshon mein, unhone naav key design mein ullekhaniya pragati kii. unhone cumm kaam key saath apani naukaaon koo teji seey jaane mein madad karane key liye sooti nirmit paal vikasit kiye. phir unhone samudron koo paar karane key liye paryaapt badee naaven banaain. inn naukaaon mein paal aur navik they, aur inca upayog yuddh aur vyaapaar key liye kiya jaataa thaa. kuchh pracheen jahaajon koo yaa tou patwar yaa paal dwara chalaaya jaataa thaa, joe havaa kii gati aur disha key aadhar parr hotaa thaa (tririm aur birem dekhein). cheeni lagbhag 3000 eesaa poorv paal kaa upayog curr rahey they, ack prakaar kaa joe abhee bhee lambi khaadi mein viyatnam key tata seey naukaayan karane vaali paaramparik machhali pakadane vaali naukaaon parr dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
jaangada uttari brazil mein upayog kii jaane vaali ack suruchipurna takhtidar machhali pakadane vaali naav haye. yeh daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii jangada pracheen yunani kaal kaa haye. yeh ack trikoniya (lettain) paal kaa upayog kartaa haye, joe ise havaa key khilaf naukaayan karane kii anumati detaa haye.
felukka ack paaramparik lakadi key plank vaali naukaayan naav haye jiska upayog laal sagar aur purvi bhoomadhyasagariya key sanrakshit jall mein kiya jaataa haye, jisamen malta bhee shamil haye, aur vishesh roop seey misra mein neel nadee key kinare. isaki rigg mein ack yaa dou lettain paal hotey hain.
planking.
takhton seey naavon key nirmaan kaa matlab thaa kii naavon kaa nirmaan pedh kii khokhali chaddi kii anumati kii tulanaa mein badee naukaaon kii rekha key saath adhik sateek roop seey kiya jaa sakata thaa. yeh sambhav haye kii dakshini california mein 8,500 saal pahale hii pattedaar dongiyon kaa vikas kiya gayaa thaa.
3000 eesaa poorv taka, misra key loga jaanate they kii lakadi key takhton koo jahaaj key patwar mein kaise ikattha kiya jaataa haye. way ack saath takhton koo kosane key liye buni hui pattiyon kaa upayog karate they, aur silvaton koo seal karane key liye takhton key beach null yaa ghaas bharee jaati thee. unake kaushal kaa ack udaaharan khufu jahaaj haye, joe kii ack lamba pott haye jise lagbhag 2500 eesaa poorv geezaa key mahaan pyramid key tala parr dafnaya gayaa thaa aur 1954 mein akshunna paaya gayaa thaa.
ack aur vikas lakadi key frame kaa upayog thaa, jisamen takhton koo maaraa, silaaya yaa nakhun lagaaya jaa sakata thaa. frame key upayog seey, carvell-shally aur clinker-shally kii planking vikasit karna sambhav haye (sanyukt raajya america mein "clinker" key bajaay "lapstrack" shabd kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye). scandinavian cumm seey cumm 350 eesaa poorv taka clinker nirmaan kaa upayog curr rahey they.
nakkashi kaa nirmaan pahale seey bhee purana haye. luzu malties dweepon seey ack dohare anta vaali nakkashidar machhali pakadane vaali naav haye. paaramparik roop seey, unhein peele, laal, harey aur neele rangon mein chamkile rung seey chitrit kiya jaataa haye, aur dhanush koo aam taur parr ack jodee aankho seey ingit kiya jaataa haye. yeye aankhen ack pracheen finician pratha (pracheen yoonaniyon dwara bhee prachalit) kaa aadhunik astitva hoe sakati hain; inhen kabhi-kabhi (aur shayed galat tareeke seey) horus yaa osiris kii aankh key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. luzu butch gayaa haye kyonki yeh kharaab mausam mein bhee ack majboot aur sthir naav hoti haye. mool roop seey, luzu paal seey lais thaa, halanki aajkal lagbhag sabhi motor chaalit hain, jisamen jahaaj parr deejal injan sabse aam hain.
europeeya naukaaen.
dakshin poorv asia aur polynesia mein naaven dongiyon, baahari aur bahu-dhalaan vaali naukaaon parr kendrit hain. isake vipareet, europe mein naaven frame aur keel vaale monohal parr kendrit theen.
scandinavian loga sahasraabdiyon pahale naveen naukaaon kaa nirmaan curr rahey they, jaisa kii nordic kansya yug kii naukaaon kii kaee petroglyphe chhaviyon seey pataa chalata haye. lakadi kii nordic naav kii sabse purani puraataatvik khoj hortspring naav haye, jise lagbhag 350 eesaa poorv mein banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh clinker planking kaa upayog karane key liye sabse purani gyaat naav haye, jahan takht ack dusare koo overlap karate hain. ise 19 meater lambi ack badee dongi key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa aur paddle kaa upayog karane vaale 22-23 purushon dwara chaalak dall dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. scandinavian logon ney behtar naukaaon kaa vikas karna jaari rakhaa, design mein loha aur anya dhaatu koo shamil kiya, keel jode aur pranodan key liye patwar vikasit kiye. ack anya nordic jahaaj khoj naidam naav haye, joe denmark key sundaved mein naidam moos bogh mein sanrakshit paaee gaee haye. ise 310-320 vigyaapan key liye dinaankit kiya gayaa haye. oak seey banaa, yeh clinker seey bhee banaa haye, 23 meater lamba haye aur tees logon dwara chalaaya gayaa thaa.
1000 esvi taka norseman mahasagaron parr pramukh they. way kushal navik aur naav nirmaata they, jinake paas clinker-nirmit naav key design they joe naav key prakaar key anusaar bhinn they. vyaparik naukaaen, jaise kii naanrs, badey maal key bhandaran kii anumati dene key liye chaudi theen. lambi naav jaisi naukaaen lambi aur sankeern aur bahut tej theen. machhali pakadane key liye way jinn jahaajon kaa upayog karate they, unhein unaki malvahak naukaaon key sanskaranon mein cumm kiya jaataa thaa. wiking avadhi key samaapt honey key bahut baad seey scandinavian navacharon ney machhali pakadane vaali naav key design koo prabhaavit kiya. udaaharan key liye, stroma key orkani dweep key yoles kaa nirmaan norse naukaaon key samaan kiya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii shetland yoles aur baahari sankaron key sagoth they..
15veen shatabdi mein, dutch ney ack prakaar kaa samudra mein jaane vaalaa herring drifter vikasit kiya joe baad mein europeeya machhali pakadane vaali naukaaon key liye ack khaaka bunn gayaa. yeh herring buss thee, jiska upayog 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka dutch herring machuaaron dwara kiya jaataa thaa. jahaaj prakaar kii buss kaa ack lamba itihas haye. ise scandinavia mein lagbhag 1000 esvi mein "baajha" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, joe wiking longship kaa ack majboot sanskaran haye. pahali herring buss sambhavatah 1415 key aspas khurr mein banaai gaee thee. aakhiri buss 1841 mein vlardingen mein banaai gaee thee. jahaaj lagbhag 20 meater lamba thaa aur 60 seey 100 tunn key beach visthaapit huaa thaa. yeh ack vishal goal-chakkar vaalaa keel jahaaj thaa jisamen ack bluff dhanush aur stern thaa, baad vaalaa apekshaakrit oonchaa thaa, aur ack gallery key saath thaa. basein herring koo pakadane key liye lambe bahate hue gill jaal kaa upayog karati theen. raat mein jaalon koo vaapas liya jaataa thaa aur athaarah seey tees logon key dall chaude deck parr pakad koo gibbing, salting aur bairal karane key liye taiyar hotey they. jahaaj 400 seey 500 jahaajon key bede mein dogger baink machhali pakadane key maidanon aur shetland dweepon key liye ravaana hue. unhein aamtaur parr nausena key jahaajon dwara anurakshit kiya jaataa thaa, kyonki angrejon kaa maanana thaa kii way "avaidh shikaar" curr rahey they. bedaa ack baar mein hafton taka samudra mein rahega. pakad koo kabhi-kabhi vishesh jahaajon (jinhen "ventgers" kahaa jaataa haye) mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa thaa, aur ghar leey jaaya jaataa thaa, jabaki bedaa abhee bhee samudra mein hotaa thaa (tasveer mein doori mein ack "ventjejar" dikhaaya gayaa haye).
17veen shatabdi key dauran, angrejon ney dogger vikasit kiya, joe ack praarambhik prakaar kaa naukaayan nauka yaa longliner haye, joe aamtaur parr uttari samudra mein sanchaalit hotaa haye. kutta apana naam dutch shabd "kutta" seey letaa haye, jiska arth haye machhali pakadane vaalaa pott joe ack troll koo kheenchata haye. uttari samudra mein dutch trolling naukaaen aam theen, aur "dogger" shabd usa kshetra koo diyaa gayaa thaa jahan way aksar machhali pakadate they, jise dogger baink key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. kutte dheeme lekin majboot they, joe uttari samudra kii ubad-khabad paristhitiyon mein machhali pakadane mein saksham they. herring buss kii tarah, way chaudi beam aur bluff-boved theen, lekin kaafee chhoti, lagbhag 15 meater lambi, adhikatam beam 4.5 meater, 1.5 meater kaa draft aur lagbhag 13 tunn visthaapit karati theen. way ack tunn chaara, teen tunn namak, chaalak dall key liye aadhaa tunn bhojan aur jalaau lakadi leey jaa sakate they, aur chhah tunn machhali key saath laut sakate they. aage aur peechhe key susajjit kshetron mein shayed awas, bhandaran aur khaana pakaane kaa kshetra upalabdh thaa. ack lunger ney 18 meater gahare paani mein ack hii sthaan parr lambi avadhi taka machhali pakadane kii anumati dee hogi. kutte ney lines koo banaae rakhane aur kinare parr naukaayan karane key liye ack chhoti khuli naav bhee leey jaaya hoga.
isi avadhi key dauran, chhoti naukaaon kaa bhee vikas kiya jaa rhaa thaa. francisi baito prakaar kii naav ack chhoti sapaat neeche kii naav thee jisake seedhe kinaaron kaa upayog 1671 mein sent laurence nadee parr kiya gayaa thaa. usa samay kii aam tateey naav verry thee aur verry design key saath baito key saral sapaat tala key vilay key parinamswarup dorry kaa janm huaa. poore europe mein bahut puraane poorvavartiyon key upakhyan sakshya maujood hain. ingland, france, itali aur belgium mein madhyayugeen kaal kii chhoti naaven hain jinhen uchit roop seey dorry key poorvavartiyon key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye. ireland mein, 1600 key dashak key baad seey shannon muhaane mein salmon key liye machhali pakadane key liye gandello kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa.
dorry chhoti, uthali-draft naukaaen hoti hain, joe aamtaur parr lagbhag paanch seey saat meater (15 seey 22 feat) lambi hoti hain. yeye oonchi kinaaron, ack sapaat tala aur tej dhanush vaali halki bahumukhi naaven hain, aur apani saral rekhaaon key kaaran inhen banaana aasaan haye. dorry pahali baar 18veen shatabdi kii shuruat key kuchh samay baad nyu ingland key machhali pakadane vaale shaharon mein dikhaai diyaa. 1830 key dashak mein baink doriyaan dikhaai deen. inhen maatri jahaajon parr leey jaane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa aur bhavya taton parr machhali pakadane key liye upayog kiya jaataa thaa. francisi nadee key tata parr lagbhag seedhe nichale freeboard, baito seey anukoolit, unake seedhe kinaaron aur hataane yogya baadhaon key saath, tata key doriyon koo ack dusare key ander ghonsala banaaya jaa sakata haye aur machhali pakadane vaale schooner key deck parr sangraheet kiya jaa sakata haye, jaise kii "gazela primiro", bhavya tata machhali pakadane key maidanon kii unaki yatra key liye.
19veen shatabdi mein, angreji machhali pakadane key bandargah, bricksham mein naukaayan troller key liye ack adhik prabhaavi design vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. yeye suruchipurna lakadi kii naukaayan naukaaen duniya bhar mein faili hui hain, joe harr jagah machhali pakadane vaale bede koo prabhaavit karati hain. unake vishisht paal ney suryast mein laal paal geet koo prerit kiya, jise "torbe laas" naamak ack bricksham naukaayan nauka parr likhaa gayaa thaa. 1890 key dashak mein vahaan lagbhag 300 trolling jahaaj they, jinamen seey pratyek aamtaur parr naav key kaptan key swaamitva mein thaa. inmein seey kaee puraane naukaayan naukaaon koo sanrakshit kiya gayaa haye.
poore itihas mein, sthaaniya sthitiyon ney machhali pakadane vaali naukaaon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala kaa vikas kiya haye. 1840 seey dwiteeya vishva yuddh taka ingland key uttar paschim tata parr lancashire nobi kaa upayog jheenga troller key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. bolly aur smack kaa upayog themus muhaane aur purvi anglia mein kiya jaataa thaa, jabaki purvi tata parr troller aur drifter kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. 1819 mein morey firth mein herring machhali pakadana shuru huaa. manx nobi kaa upayog maine key dweep key chaaron or ack herring drifter key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa, aur 1850 key dashak seey 20 veen shatabdi taka scotland key purvi tata parr fiffy kaa upayog herring drifter key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa.
baahari link.
[[vargah nalika naukaaen]]
[[shrenihmachhai key jahaaj. ]]

