
uttar americi bhratritva aur sorority kaa itihas

uttar americi biradari aur sorority pranali kii shuruat una chhatron seey hui joe gupt roop seey milna chaahte they, aamtaur parr charchaon aur bahason key liye joe unake schools key sankaay dwara uchit naheen maani jaati theen. aaj unakaa upayog samajik, peshevar aur maanad samoohon key roop mein kiya jaataa haye joe samudayik seva, netritva aur shaikshanik upalabdhi key vibhinn sanyojanon koo badhaava dete hain.
itihas aur vikas.
1776 seey pahale joe sanyukt raajya america bunn jaayega, mahavidyalaya chhaatr bhraatri sangathan joe chhatravritti, bayanbaji aur naitik aacharan koo badhaava dete they, kewal yell, villium aur mairi college aur college off nyu jersey mein maujood they. isake baad, america key lagbhag sabhi colleges aur vishvavidyalayon mein saahityik samaaj astitva mein aae.
lattin samaaj aupchaarik sangathan they, jinamen aksar badey sabhaa kaksh hotey they. yeye sangathan aam taur parr jode mein maujood they (ack parisar mein dou pratispardhi sangathan), aur lagbhag aadhe chhatron koo sadasya key roop mein liya. kuchh colleges mein, chhatron koo samaaj mein bhee niyukt kiya jaataa thaa. inn samajon key saahityik abhyason mein aamtaur parr bahas shamil hoti thee, aur baithaken janata key liye khuli hoti theen. bahas key alawa, sadasyon koo mool kavitaaen, nibandh, kathaaen, rachana aur prastut karane donon key liye saunpa jaa sakata haye. pratyek samaaj mein cumm yaa jyada raajneetik, samajik yaa dhaarmik charcha key saath vishisht baithaken hoti theen.
inn sangathanon ney aksar yunani yaa lattin mein aadarsh vaakyon koo bhee apanaaya, aur kuchh key paas yunani akshar naam they, jaise kii georgia vishvavidyalaya mein phee kappa samaaj.
yeye sangathan bhratritva aur sorority key vikas mein pramukhta seey shamil hain kyonki kaee praarambhik bhratritva koo 'khule' lattin samajon key kewal 'niji' sanskaran maanaa jaataa thaa, aur baithakon kaa praarup lattin samajon key abhyason seey liya gayaa thaa.
lattin samaaj americi grihyuddh taka falate-phoolate rahey. yeh sujhaav diyaa jaataa haye kii baad key college key bhaaiyon ney unhein kamjor curr diyaa. 1870 key dashak mein inmein seey kuchh sangathanon koo bahaal karane key prayaas kiye gaye they. kuchh loga jeevit rahate hain, yaa tou mool samaaj mein, yaa apane itihas mein ack yaa adhik antaral key saath, georgia aur yell vishvavidyalaya mein.
faaee beeta kappa.
5 disambar, 1776 koo williamberg, virginia mein villium aur mairi college mein sthaapit faaee beeta kappa society, sanyukt raajya america mein pahala bhraatri sangathan thaa, jisane greek aksharon key baad americi college societies key naam rakhane key liye udaaharan sthaapit kiya.
samooh mein way chhaatr shamil they joe college parisar seey baahar ack aam baithak kshetra key roop mein raile saraay mein aksar aatey they. ack lagaatar afwah haye kii ack masnick lodge bhee usee sthaan parr milaa thaa, lekin williamsburg mein freemason dwara upayog kii jaane vaali ack alag imarat thee. kyaa chhaatr adhik swatantra roop seey milane aur gair-shaikshanik vishayon parr charcha karane key liye sangathit hotey hain, yaa ack krantikari samaaj mein rajneeti parr charcha karane key liye, agyaat haye; shuruati record kewal yeh ingit karate hain kii chhaatr bahas karane aur vaktritva mein shamil honey key liye mille they, aur una vishayon parr joe pathyakram seey bahut door naheen hotey. 
villium aind mairi mein lattin naam vaale saahityik samaaj they, joe badey bahas karane vaale samaaj they, joe phee beeta kappa key sansthapakon key anusaar patron key liye sabhi pratishtha khou chuke they, aur [way] kewal [unake] sadasyon kii apavyay aur vishvaas key liye prasiddh they."nae samaaj kaa uddeshya" vishuddh roop seey gharelu nirmaan kaa thaa, binaa kissy sambandh key joe kuchh bhee europeeya, yaa tou angreji yaa german key saath hoe."phee beeta kappa key sansthapakon ney ghoshana kii kii samaaj kaa gathan anukulata aur achchi sangati koo badhaava dene key liye kiya gayaa thaa, jiska aadhar mitrata aur paropkar aur saahitya isake stambh they."pahale kewal rahasya baij parr upayog kiye gaye rahasyamay akshar they.
samaaj koo aadarsh vaakya diyaa gayaa thaa, philosophia baayo cubernets yaa "darshan jeevan kaa naayak haye", abb aadhikarik taur parr anuvaadit kiya gayaa haye "darshan jeevan kaa maargdarshak haye". greek koo aadarsh vaakya key liye bhasha key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa kyonki heath, "college mein sabse achchha greek vidwan thaa."
samaaj key ack aadhikarik itihaaskaar, villium tii. hastings aur anya logon kaa maanana haye kii baij parr "aiss" aur "pee", jiska arth haye "samaaj darshan", daarshanik samaaj, samaaj kaa mool naam thaa aur yeh kii phee beeta kappa naam kewal samay key saath samaaj key naam key roop mein liya gayaa thaa. sadasyon kii mool soochi mein sheershak mein kahaa gayaa haih "sadasyon kii ack soochi, jinhen aiss mein shuru kiya gayaa haye.pee. urf phee beeta kappa society."
baad mein, maee 1777 mein, pehchaan key dou nae sanketon koo design kiya gayaa thaah "haathon kii pakad kaa abhivaadan, ack hii haath key peechhe seey munh mein tatkaal aghaat key saath, aur salami dwara upayog kiye gaye haath key saath vaapsee"; yeye nae haav-bhaav kissy bhee videshi desh yaa sthaan mein faaee beeta kappa sadasyon koo alag karane key uddeshya seey they."
saubhagya key ack aghaat seey, samaaj ney british balon key aage badhane parr bhang honey seey pahale ack yell chhaatr kii shuruat kii. iss chhaatr ney yaale aur harvard key liye faaee beeta kappa laaya, aur vahaan seey samaaj jaari rakhane mein saksham thaa. jaise-jaise phee beeta kappa vikasit huaa, yeh kaee colleges mein sankaay aur chuninda chhatron kaa ack bahut hii prabhaavshaali sangh bunn gayaa. adhyaay badey hoe gaye aur pahale adhyaay koo paribhaashit karane vaale ghanishth samajik bandhan koo chhodate hue bayanbaji aur varg chunaavon parr kendrit hoe gaye. sadasyata ack sammaan kaa adhik aur ack kaaryasheel samaaj kaa cumm hissa bunn rhaa thaa.
haalaanki, phee beeta kappa aaj key ack vishisht college biradari seey bahut alag thaa, jisamen sadasyata aam taur parr uchch varg key logon taka seemit thee, yadi varishth naheen, aur sankaay, (apane currier mein pahale sadasya banaae gaye) ney ack sakriya bhoomika nibhai. yell mein vaarshik faaee beeta kappa abhyaas saarvajanik saahityik abhyaas they, jisamen snaatak kii tulanaa mein samaaj key kaee yaa adhik sankaay sadasya they.
praarambhik samooh.
1821 mein yell mein ack varishth varg samaaj chee delta theeta kii sthaapana taka koee anya yunani chhaatr samaaj naheen banaa thaa. yeh samooh, jaise phee beeta kappa abb bunn gayaa thaa, kaafee hudd taka saahityik bahason aur chunaavon parr kendrit thaa. yunani aksharon key naamon key binaa samaan samooh (lekin abhee bhee spasht roop seey yunani bhasha seey prerit) pahale seey hii hermatian, edelphi aur philalethian kii tarah baney hue they.
bandhutva pranali vikasit hoti haye.
pahala rashtriya, gupt, yunani patra samajik biradari koo kappa alfa society maanaa jaataa haye, jisaki sthaapana 26 navambar, 1825 koo johnn haart hunter dwara newyork key shenectedy mein union college mein kii gaee thee. kappa alfa key sansthapakon ney kaee faaee beeta kappa prathaon koo apanaaya (phee beeta kappa koo 1817 mein union college mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa), lekin dosti aur bhaichare key vikas koo apana praathamik uddeshya banaate hue, fellowship key aspas apane sangathan kaa gathan kiya. chhatron koo sangathan pasand aaya lekin sankaay chhote gupt samaaj key khilaf thaa.
kappa alfa samaaj kii sthaapana key baad, ack asaamyik ghatana hui joe dashakon taka bhratritva kii saarvajanik dhaarana koo aakar dene key liye aaee. 1826 mein, villium morgan naamak ack vyakti ney khud koo freemason kaa ack uchch shreni kaa sadasya honey kaa daavaa kiya aur kahaa kii vaha unake rahasyon koo prakaashit karane kaa irada rakhta haye. phir vaha gayab hoe gayaa aur maanaa jaataa haye kii usaki hatyaa curr dee gaee yaa uska apaharan curr liya gayaa. mamle mein saarvajanik hita key kaaran gambhir gupt samaaj virodhi bhavna paida hui. biradari key sadasyon koo nishkasana aur samanya sandeh kaa saamana karna padaa, jisase kewal praarambhik sangathanon kii gopaniyata mein vriddhi hui.
iss beach, union college koo uttar americi biradari aur sorority pranali key janmasthan key roop mein dridhata seey sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa jaba march 1827 mein sigma faaee samaaj kaa gathan huaa, jisake baad navambar mein delta faaee kaa gathan huaa. kappa alfa samaaj, sigma faaee aur delta faaee tathaakathit sangh trayi kaa gathan karenge.
sigma faaee pahali "rashtriya" biradari bunn gaee jaba isane 1831 mein hamilton college mein ack upgrah adhyaay khola. 1830 mein kappa alfa dwara hamilton taka vistaar karane key ack asafal prayaas ney alfa delta faaee kii sthaapana koo janm diyaa, joe sangh key baahar sthaapit pahali yunani patra biradari thee.
rashtriya vistaar kaa prakshepavakra 1833 mein kappa alfa society key safal vistaar key saath jaari rhaa. 
weslian (1837) mein rahasyamay 7 kaa vistaar 1840 key dashak kii shuruat mein emory vishvavidyalaya aur georgia vishvavidyalaya taka huaa, jisane avadharana koo dakshin mein failaaya, jahaan grihyuddh seey pahale dou dashakon taka, iss prakaar key sangathanon koo "rahasyamay sangh" kahaa jaataa thaa. rahasyamay 7 bhee mahilaaon koo sadasyon key roop mein shuru karane vaalaa pahala samaaj thaa. 1833 mein yell vishvavidyalaya mein varishth varg key sadasyon key beach phee beeta kappa key roop mein khopadi aur haddiyon kii sanstha kaa ayojan kiya gayaa thaa. isane anya samaan gupt samajon koo janm diyaa joe khud koo yunani-sakshar samajon seey alag karate hain.
villium morgan seey judee ghatnaaon koo halanki naheen bhulaaya gayaa thaa, aur faaee beeta kappa saarvajanik jaanch key dayare mein aaya thaa. samaaj kaa badhata prabhaav aloktaantrik aur americi shikshaavidon mein bauddhik vichaaron key mukt pravaah key vipareet prateet huaa, aur badey dabaav mein, harvard key snaatak sadasyon ney 1831 mein faaee beeta kappa key rahasyon kaa khulasa kiya. 1833 mein, phee beeta kappa kii viraasat koo jaari rakhane key liye yell vishvavidyalaya mein varishth varg key sadasyon key beach khopadi aur haddiyon key samaaj kaa crum aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. bhavishya key gupt samajon aur bhavishya key yunani-patra-patrika sangathanon key beach ack anaupchaarik lekin abhee bhee bahut spasht rekha kheenchi gaee thee.
1834 mein, delta upsillon biradari kii sthaapana williams college mein kii gaee thee. delta upsillon koo rashtra key pahale khule, gair-gupt bhaichare key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa kyonki yeh aaj bhee gupt chetavani, hathkadi aadi naheen rakhta haye. aur apane anushthaanon kii raksha naheen kartaa haye, joe saarvajanik atkalon key liye khule hain. delta upsillon kii sthaapana williams college mein chhaatr mamalon parr usa samay key gupt samajon dwara anyaaypurna prabhutva kaa mukabala karane key liye kii gaee thee.
beeta theeta paaee kii sthaapana agast 1839 mein oxford, ohiyo mein miyami vishvavidyalaya mein alfa delta faaee key paschim-sabse adhyaay key chartering key jawab mein kii gaee thee. phee delta theeta (1848) aur sigma chee (1855), joe miyami vishvavidyalaya mein bhee sthaapit kiye gaye they, ney nae adhyaayon kii sthaapana parr beeta theeta paaee key dhyaan kaa anukaran kiya. yeye teenon tathaakathit miyami trayi kaa gathan karate hain. newyork vishvavidyalaya mein 1847 mein sthaapit jeeta pee. aiss. aaee. ney isi tarah vistaar kiya. iss beach, theeta chee kii sthaapana norwich vishvavidyalaya mein norwich, vee. tii. mein kii gaee thee aur sigma alfa apsilon kii shuruat 1856 mein alabama vishvavidyalaya mein kii gaee thee.
union college ney ack doosari tikadi kii sthaapana karke bhratritva kii maan key roop mein apani bhoomika jaari rakhee. iss trayi mein saai upsillon (1833), chee saai (1841) aur theeta delta chee (1847) shamil hain. iss doosari tikadi key saath, union college desh mein pahale 13 gupt samajik rashtriya bhratritvon mein seey lagbhag aadhe kii neenv kaa daavaa curr sakata haye.
freemasonary key prabhaav abhee bhee spasht roop seey spasht honge jaise kii 1850 mein sthaapit faaee kappa sigma aur 1858 mein sthaapit delta taau delta jaisi bhratritva key vikas mein. jeeta saai, taau kappa apsilon, saai upsillon aur delta saai jaise sangathan samaan roop seey prabhaavit honge aur sabhi aadhikarik roop seey freemasonary seey kissy bhee sambandh koo banaae rakhe binaa.
purushon key bhratritva key saath, mahilaaon key bhratritva kaafee hudd taka greek-prerit naamon key saath chhaatr samajon seey prerit yaa pahale honge, lekin greek aksharon key binaa. adelphian society kii sthaapana 1851 mein macken, georgia mein wesleyan college mein kii gaee thee, jisase yeh collegiate mahilaaon key liye pahala gupt samaaj bunn gayaa thaa. philomethian samaaj (pensylvania vishvavidyalaya key philomethian samaaj seey sambaddh naheen) kii sthaapana bhee 1852 mein wesleyan college mein kii gaee thee.
pahala yunani akshar mahila biradari, chee theeta delta, 1856 mein troy mahila madarse mein banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh mahila chhatron dwara banaaya gayaa thaa joe purushon kii biradari theeta delta chee dwara pradarshit fellowship seey itani dilchaspi aur prabhaavit hoe gaee thee kii unhone sadasyata kii maang kii thee. yeh ack asambhavata honey key kaaran, theeta delta chee key delta adhyaay ney unhein apana swayam kaa samooh banaane mein madad kii joe kewal kuchh varshon taka chalega jaba troy mahila madarsa ack board school honah bund curr dega. 1856 mein elmira college mein kappa sigma (kappa sigma biradari key saath bhramit naheen honah) kii sthaapana bhee dekhi jaayegi.
bhratritva kaa swarn yug.
americi grihyuddh key kaaran jaba bhratritva kii baat aatee haye tou 1860 key dashak kii shuruat aashcharyajanak roop seey apratyaashit thee. kaee college, aur baad mein snaatak adhyaay, yuddh key dauran asthaayi roop seey bund hoe gaye. kewal ack sangathan, theeta xi, kii sthaapana (1864 mein renseller polytechnic sansthaan mein) kii gaee thee aur yeh pahali peshevar biradari thee. yuddh key dauran ack bahut hii mahatvapurna ghatana 1862 key moril adhiniyam kaa paarit honah thaa. yeh adhiniyam nae colleges, nae shaikshik avsaron aur adhik chhaatr namankan kii or leey jaayega.
yuddh key baad, pranali nasleeya, dhaarmik aur langic vividhata kaa saamana karna shuru curr degi aur poore dakshin aur paschim mein nae colleges kii sthaapana yaa sudhaar kiya jaayega. iss avadhi key dauran kull milakar bandhutva pranali mein vriddhi seey kuchh logon koo 19veen shatabdi key antim teesare hisse koo "bhratritva kaa swarn yug" key roop mein chihnit karane kaa avsar milega."
tathaakathit lexington triad kaa gathan taba shuru hoga jaba 1865 mein virginia sainya sansthaan mein alfa taau omega kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. dakshin mein sainya-unmukh vidyaalayon mein sthaapit honey vaali bhratritva yuddh key haal key anta koo dekhate hue aashcharyajanak naheen thee. 1865 mein washington aur lii vishvavidyalaya mein kappa alfa order kii sthaapana aur 1869 mein vee. aim. aaee. mein sigma nyu ney trayi koo puuraa kiya.
1873 key baad jaba massachusets krishi mahavidyalaya mein teen gupt samitiyon mein seey teesari kaa gathan kiya gayaa, taba bhaichare kaa nirmaan kuchh samay key liye dheema hoe gayaa. maujooda bhratritva abb vistaar karane kii koshish karenge.
sororities.
1851 mein wesleyan mahila mahavidyalaya mein adelphian society (baad mein alfa delta paaee) kii sthaapana mahilaaon key liye pahale gupt samaaj kii sthaapana kaa prateek haye. isake turant baad philomathian samaaj (baad mein phee myu) kii sthaapana bhee march 1852 mein wesleyan mein hui. 1867 mein, aaee naamak ack samaaj. see. sorosis kii sthaapana ilinois key monmouth college mein desh kii pahali mahila biradari key roop mein kii gaee thee, aur baad mein paaee beeta faaee key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. yeh vibhinn adhyaayon mein vistaar karna shuru karane vaalaa pahala thaa, halanki isake shuruati varshon mein kuchh anadhikrit shahar adhyaay thode samay key liye maujood they. 1870 mein, kappa alfa theeta kii sthaapana kii gaee thee, aur yeh yunani aksharon key saath sthaapit pahali mahila biradari thee. 1870 key dashak mein 1870 mein kappa kappa gaama, 1872 mein alfa faaee, 1873 mein delta gaama aur 1874 mein gaama faaee beeta aur sigma kappa kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. 1888 mein delta delta kii mahila biradari kii sthaapana boston vishvavidyalaya mein kii gaee thee. 1890 key dashak mein chee omega kii sthaapana hui joe abb desh kaa sabse badaa mahila bhraatri sangathan haye. 1893 mein alfa xi delta kii sthaapana key saath, aur 1898 mein sigma sigma kii sthaapana kii gaee. 
sororities kaa, shuru seey hii, saha-shaikshik adhyayan kii vyavaharyata koo saabit karane kaa kathin uddeshya thaa. mahilaaon koo shiksha key saath-saath purushon kii tulanaa mein behtar pradarshan karane key saath-saath mahila key victorian aadarshon koo banaae rakhna ack lamba crum thaa. sororities ney uchch shaikshanik manakon kaa nirmaan kiya aur apani sthaapana seey hii apane sadasyon kii samajik gatividhiyon kii nigrani kii.
gaama faaee beeta 1882 mein ack sorority kahey jaane vaale pahale sangathan key roop mein kukhyaati praapt karega. unake salaahkaar ack purush lattin professor they jinhone yeh shabd gadhaa thaa. sorority aur mahila biradari key shabd hamesha seey kewal aupchaarik yaa anaupchaarik sandarbhon mein ack yaa dusare kaa upayog karane key saath vinimeya rahey hain.
adhikansh vishvavidyalayon mein samajik sangathan kuchh samajik kendron mein seey ack they. jabaki adhikansh sansthanon mein mahilaaon key liye namankan khula thaa, saahityik samitiyon, chhaatr sarkaar aur anya clubon jaise chhaatr sangathan abhee bhee sadasyata koo pratibandhit karane key liye swatantra they. gahan pathyakram aur anivarya dhaarmik bhagidari khaali samay mein seemit thee, lekin samajik samajikta aur samajik bhaichare ney paraspar baatchit kii parampara shuru kii. way manoranjan key liye natakon koo ack saath rakhate they, sabhaon key baad gaayan aur walzing key liye karyakram aayojit karate they, aur sthaaniya sadasyon key gharon mein samajik karyakram aayojit karate they.
peshevar aur maanad bhratritva.
theeta xi pahala yunani patra peshevar biradari thaa lekin yeh antatah samajik bunn gayaa. yeye samooh 20veen shatabdi key anta seey pahale aur teji seey lokpriyata hassil karenge. unamen sadasyata kuchh parisaron mein ack badaa sauda hoe sakata haye. maanad aur peshevar bhratritva kii sadasyata aavashyaktaon aur uddeshyon koo aksar overlap kiya jaataa haye.
dhaarmik sangathan.
19veen shatabdi key anta mein bhaichare kii pranali mein jabardast vriddhi hui, lekin yeh una alpsankhyakon key khilaf bhee badey bhedbhaav kaa samay thaa joe vishvavidyalayon mein teji seey pravesh curr rahey they. anaupchaarik samjhauton koo aksar kewal shwet isaaiyon (lekin jaruri naheen kii sabhi isai sampradayon) key liye sadasyata koo pratibandhit karane key liye upniyamon mein samhitaabaddh kiya jaataa thaa.
iss samay isai dharm mahavidyalaya jeevan kaa ack badaa hissa thaa. mantralaya key liye prashikshan ack vishvavidyalaya mein samay kaa ack samanya anuprayog thaa aur chappel mein bhaag lena aksar anivarya thaa. yahudi chhaatr shayed hii kabhi kissy bhee bhaichare mein pravesh praapt curr sakate they, kyonki usa samay, kewal ack sadasya aksar kissy bhee nae sadasya kii deeksha koo avaruddh curr sakata thaa. isai dharm bhee kaee logon key liye paryaapt naheen thaa kyonki ayrish catholics key khilaf bhee bahut bhedbhaav thaa. braun vishvavidyalaya mein catholic chhaatr 1889 mein phee kappa sigma (rashtriya phee kappa sigma key saath bhramit naheen honah chaahiye) kaa nirmaan karenge. teen yahudi chhaatr, dhaarmik bhedbhaav key kissy bhee vichaar seey pareshan they, 1895 mein yell vishvavidyalaya mein gair-sampradayik (nasl, dharm yaa rung key khilaf koee bhedbhaav naheen) paaee lambda phee paayenge. spectrum key dusare chhor parr, chaudah chhaatr jaid kaa nirmaan karenge.bee.tii. 1898 mein society (baad mein jeeta beeta taau) joe yahudi chhatron key liye "kewal" khula thaa.
african-americi sangathan.
african-amerikiyon key liye bhratritva aur sorority kii sthaapana aur vikas ney aanshik roop seey samajik bhratritva aur sorority key vikas koo pratibimbit kiya. yunani aksharon vaale saahityik samaaj sabse pahale aaeh 1872 mein haward vishvavidyalaya mein alfa phee saahityik samaaj kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. 
peshevaron key liye ack gair-mahavidyalayi biradari, sigma pee faaee kii sthaapana 1904 mein kii gaee thee. isake baad wilberforce vishvavidyalaya mein mahavidyalayi biradari banaane key asafal prayaas hue, jaise kii gaama faaee biradari (1923 mein pahali aadhikarik parisar maanyata; 1923 kii ack vaarshik pustak pravishti ney 1905 key roop mein operation kii soochana dee), indiana vishvavidyalaya mein alfa kappa nuu (1903 mein gathan kaa prayaas kiya gayaa, lekin isamen nirantar sangathan koo sunishchit karane key liye bahut cumm panjikarankarta shamil they), aur ohiyo raajya vishvavidyalaya mein paaee gaama omicron (1905 mein shikago rakshak mein gathan kii soochana; sangathan school maanyata praapt karane mein whiffle rhaa). 1906 mein, alfa faaee alfa koo aupchaarik roop seey see. see. poindextor dwara cornell vishvavidyalaya mein ack biradari key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, halanki yeh 1905 mein ack samajik adhyayan club key roop mein sanchaalit huaa. aathh sangathan joe 1996 taka rashtriya paine-hellenic parishad banaate they, agale dedh dashak mein gathit kiye jaayenge. kaale bhaichare aur sororities maujooda bhratritva aur sororities parr adharit they, lekin saanskritik parivardhan kiye gaye jinamen coll, khule haath key sanket aur kadam show shamil they; halanki samajik prakriti mein, kaee african-americi bhraatri sangathanon kaa gathan saarvajanik seva aur nagrik adhikaaron parr jore dene key saath kiya gayaa thaa.
sangathan.
vibhinn bhratritvon key beach sangathan kaa pahala prayaas beeta theeta paaee key sadasyon kii sifarish key roop mein shuru huaa. terah bhratritvon kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale purush aadhikarik roop seey aur anya upasthit loga 1883 mein philadelphia, pensylvania mein anaupchaarik roop seey mille. unakaa irada agale varsh ack sammelan karane kaa thaa aur kaee sampadanon ney antar-bhratritva press sangh kaa gathan kiya. inn donon vichaaron mein seey koee bhee naheen rhaa.
kappa kappa gaama ney 1890 mein sororities koo vyavasthit karane key prayaas kii prakriya shuru kii. mahila bhratritva kaa pahala panhellenic sammelan agast 1891 mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. samitiyon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa aur reports kaa masauda taiyar kiya gayaa thaa lekin sangathan koo jaari rakhane key liye bahut cumm kiya gayaa thaa.
bhratritva aur sororities ney 1893 mein shikago mein agami vishva melle mein upasthiti key liye apane prayason koo ekjut kiya. unhone paine-hellenism (shikago vishva key melle koo aadhikarik taur parr duniya kaa kolambiyai pradarshani kahaa jaataa thaa) parr kolambiyai pradarshani samiti kaa gathan kiya aur ack sanyukt pradarshani koo kaise ack saath rakhaa jaae, iss parr kaee baithaken aayojit keen. pradarshani kabhi ack saath naheen aaee.
1902 mein pahale antar-sorori sammelan koo prerit karane key liye alfa faaee pahal karega. sammelan mein delta delta, gaama faaee beeta, alfa faaee, kappa alfa theeta, kappa kappa gaama, delta gaama aur shikago mein paaee beeta faaee key pratinidhiyon ney bhaag liya thaa. agale kuchh sammelanon mein dou yaa dou seey adhik sororities key saath college parisaron mein chhaatr dwara sanchaalit panhellenic association aur inn sanghon aur sammelan mein adhikaariyon key aavartan jaise niyam aur maanak sthaapit kiye jaayenge. agale dashak mein sangathan mein kaee aur sororities judenge aur iska naam badalkar rashtriya panhellenic sammelan curr diyaa jaayega. yeh dashak samudayik seva, maankeekrit grih niyamon, sadasya bharti key liye nishpakshata neetiyon aur sabhi maadhyamik vidyalaya sorority key khilaf ack aadhikarik rukh parr bhee jore dega.
1890 key dashak key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein samajik biradari vibhinn shaharon mein chhote paine-hellenic sangathanon kaa nirmaan karegi. george dee. sigma alfa apsilon kaa kimball farwari 1909 mein shikago mein rashtriya dhaarmik shiksha sangh kii ack baithak key dauran pahal karega aur ack sachche rashtriya paine-hellenic samooh kaa ahwan karega. antar-bhratritva sammelan newyork shahar mein navambar mein chhavis sangathanon key saath shuru hoga. sorority kii tarah, sammelan mein ack seey adhik sadasya sangathanon key saath college parisaron mein sthaaniya chhaatr-sanchaalit antar-bhratritva parishadon kaa ahwan kiya jaayega.
naee sadee mein badalaav.
jaise-jaise bhaichara badhata gayaa, nae mudde saamane aae. kisako sadasya honah chaahiye (aksar nasleeya yaa saanskritik prishthabhoomi seey bandha huaa) iss parr vichaar una adhyaayon key beach bhinn they joe abb poore sanyukt raajya aur kanada mein fail gaye hain. snaatak sadasyata badhati rahee lekin poorv chhatron kii sadasyata aur bhee badh gaee thee. mahilaaon kii sororities kii poorv chhaatra jinhone saha-shiksha key vichaar koo sthaapit karane mein madad karane key liye kadee mehnat kii thee, abb sawal kiya kii kyaa mahilaaon kii naee peedhi vaastav mein sorority key moolya koo samajhati haye.
hamesha bhaichare aur sorority pranali key khilaf loga they, lekin 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka kuchh parisaron mein adhyaayon parr vaastavik prabhaav naheen padaa thaa. kuchh mamalon mein, biradari aur sorority awas kaa vikas hii sub kuchh haye jisane yunani jeevan koo bachaaya kyonki kuchh vishvavidyalayon ney apani chhaatr awas kshamataon koo kaheen adhik badhaa diyaa thaa. kuchh parisar yunani patra sangathanon parr pratibandh lagaa denge aur anya unake gunon kaa adhyayan karenge. virodhiyon ney tark diyaa kii samooh bauddhik vikas koo chot pahunchaate hain, gupt shapathon key saath dharm kaa saamana karate hain, aur anuchit vyavhaar koo badhaava dete hain. inn daavon kii vaidhata parisaron aur sangathanon key beach bhinn thee aur kaee mamalon mein, aalochanaaen dashakon taka binaa kissy mahatvapurna kaarravaai key bunny raheen.