fazlur rahman khaan

fazlur rahman khaan (, "fazlur rahman khaan"; 3 aprail 1929-27 march 1982) ack bangladeshi-americi sanrachanaatmak engineer aur vastukar they, jinhone gaganchumbi imaraton key liye mahatvapurna sanrachanaatmak pranaliyon kii shuruat kii thee. oonchi imaraton key liye "tubeler design key pitaa" maane jaane vaale khaan computer-eded design (cad) mein bhee agrani they. 1973 seey 1998 taka duniya kii sabse oonchi imarat aur 100 manjila johnn hancock kendra key naam seey punarnamit vilis tower key baad seey way sears tower key designer they.
kissy bhee anya vyakti kii tulanaa mein shikago, khaan mein firm skidmore, ovings aind maryl mein ack bhagidar, 20 veen shatabdi key uttaraardh key dauran gaganchumbi imarat nirmaan mein punarjagaran kii shuruat kii. unhein "sanrachanaatmak engineering kaa einstein" aur "20veen shatabdi kaa sabse badaa sanrachanaatmak engineer" kahaa jaataa haye, kyonki sanrachanaatmak pranaliyon kaa unakaa abhinav upayog aadhunik gaganchumbi imarat design aur nirmaan key liye maulik haye. unake sammaan mein, oonchi imaraton aur shahari awas parr parishad ney fazlur khaan jivankal upalabdhi padak koo unake see. tii. bee. aich. gaganchumbi imarat puraskaron mein seey ack key roop mein sthaapit kiya.
halanki gaganchumbi imaraton key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, khaan huzz havaai adde key terminal, mcmath-piers saur doorbeen aur kaee stadium sanrachanaon sahit anya prakaar kii sanrachanaon key ack sakriya designer bhee they.
parivaar aur prishthabhoomi.
fazlur rahman khaan kaa janm 3 aprail 1929 koo dhaakaa, bangal presidency (vartamaan bangladesh) mein ack bangali musalman parivaar mein huaa thaa. way faridabad jile key madaripur mein bhandarikandi key khaan baari seey aae they aur paley-badhe they. unake pitaa, khaan bahadur abdur rahman khaan, ack uchch vidyalaya key ganit shikshak aur paathyapustak lekhak they, joe antatah bangal mein saarvajanik shiksha key nideshak baney aur sevaanivritti key baad jagannath college key pahale pracharya key roop mein kaary kiya. unaki maan, khadija khaatoon, pabna mein dulai key jamindar (kuleen bhoomi malik) abdul baasit chaudhari kii betty theen, jinhone apane vansh kaa pataa turkistan mein samarkand seey aae ack pravaasi seey lagaaya thaa. khaan key chaacha, abdul hakeem khaan, comilla mein sthit ack "jamindar" sayed abdul jabbar key damad they.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
khaan ney dhaakaa mein aramanitola sarkari uchch vidyalaya mein padhaai kii. usake baad, unhone bangal engineering aur vigyaan vishvavidyalaya, shibpur (vartamaan bhaaratiya engineering vigyaan aur praudyogiki sansthaan, shibpur), kolkata, bhaarat mein sivil engineering kaa adhyayan kiya aur phir ahsanullah engineering college (abb bangladesh engineering aur praudyogiki vishvavidyalaya) seey sivil engineering mein snaatak kii degree praapt kii. unhein ack poorna chhatravritti aur ack sarkari chhatravritti millie, jisane unhein 1952 mein sanyukt raajya america kii yatra karane mein saksham banaaya. vahaan unhone ilinois vishvavidyalaya mein arbana-shampen mein adhyayan kiya. teen varshon mein khaan ney dou master degree arjit kii-ack sanrachanaatmak engineering mein aur ack saiddhaantik aur anuprayukt yantriki mein-aur sanrachanaatmak engineering mein ack phd jiska sheershak thaa "aaytaakaar poorv-sampeedit concreet beam key liye vibhinn design maandandon key beach sambandhon kaa vishleshanatmak adhyayan".
unake grihnagar dhaakaa mein teen manjila seey adhik oonchi koee imarat naheen thee. unhone 21 saal kii umr taka apani pahali gaganchumbi imarat koo vyaktigat roop seey naheen dekhaa thaa, aur jaba taka way snaatak school key liye sanyukt raajya america naheen gaye, taba taka unhone ack madhya-vriddhi imarat key ander kadam naheen rakhaa thaa. isake bavjood, dhaakaa mein unake grihnagar key vatavaran ney baad mein unaki tube nirmaan avadharana koo prabhaavit kiya, joe dhaakaa key chaaron or ankurit baans seey prerit thee. unhone paaya kii dhaakaa mein baans kii tarah ack khokhali nully ney ack oonchi urdhvaadhar sthaayitva pradaan kii.
carrier.
1955 mein, vastukala firm skidmore, ovings aind maryl (soam) dwara niyojit, unhone shikago mein kaam karna shuru kiya. 1966 mein unhein ack bhagidar banaaya gayaa thaa. unhone apane baaki jeevan mein saathi vastukar broose graham key saath milkar kaam kiya. khaan ney bhawan vastukala mein samagri key kushal upayog key liye design vidhiyon aur avadhaaranaon kii shuruat kii. tube sanrachana koo niyojit karane vaali unaki pahali imarat chestnut dee-witt apartment imarat thee. 1960 aur 1970 key dashak key dauran, vaha shikago key 100-manjila johnn hancock kendra aur 110-manjila sears tower key liye apane designs key liye prasiddh hoe gaye, jaba seey 1973 seey 1998 taka duniya kii sabse oonchi imarat, vilis tower kaa naam badal diyaa gayaa.
unakaa maanana thaa kii engineeron koo jeevan parr ack vyaapak drishtikon kii aavashyakta haye, yeh kahate hue kii "takniki vyakti koo apani takneek mein khou naheen jaanaa chaahiye; usey jeevan kii sarahana karane mein saksham honah chaahiye, aur jeevan kalaa, naatak, sangeet aur sabse mahatvapurna roop seey logon kaa haye."
khaan key vyaktigat kagjat, jinamen seey adhikansh unaki mrityu key samay unake karyalaya mein they, shikago key kalaa sansthaan mein rayarsan aind burnham pustakalayon dwara rakhe jaate hain. fazlur khaan sangrah mein paandulipiyaan, rekhaachitra, audio casset tape, slide aur unake kaam key sambandh mein anya samagri shamil hain.
vyaktigat jeevan.
anand key liye, khaan koo bangali mein ravindernath tagor key kavyatmak geet gaanaa pasand thaa. oh aastriyaasan pravaas kayane hunak patni liselottech ekta betty chhal jakar janm 1960meey bhel chhal. 1967meey oh sanyukt raajya americac nagrik bunnel.
navachar.
khaan ney paaya kii lambe samay seey oonchi imarat key design parr haavi kathor steel frame sanrachana lambi imaraton key liye ekmatra pranali fitting naheen thee, joe gaganchumbi imarat nirmaan key ack nae yug kii shuruat koo chihnit karati haye.
tube sanrachanaatmak pranaaliyan.
gaganchumbi imarat key design aur nirmaan mein khaan kaa kendriya navachar lambi imaraton key liye "tube" sanrachanaatmak pranali kaa vichaar thaa, jisamen "frame tube", "trus tube" aur "bundle tube" sanskaran shamil they. ack patali deewaar vaali nully kaa anukaran karane key liye ack imarat kii sabhi baahari deewaar paridhi sanrachana kaa upayog karate hue, unaki "tube avadharana" ney lambi imarat key design mein kranti laa dee. 1960 key dashak seey nirmit 40 seey adhik manjila imaraton mein abb khaan key sanrachanaatmak engineering siddhanton seey praapt tube design kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
paarshv bhaar (kshaitij bull) jaise kii pawan bull, bhookampiya bull, aadi.sanrachanaatmak pranali parr haavi honah shuru karein aur jaise-jaise imarat kii oonchaai badhati haye, samagr bhawan pranali mein badhate mahatva koo apanaaen. pawan bull bahut adhik hoe jaate hain, aur bhookamp aadi key kaaran bull. way bhee mahatvapurna hain. tubeler design lambi imaraton key liye aisee taakton kaa virodh karate hain. tube sanrachanaaen kathor hoti hain aur anya framing pranaliyon kii tulanaa mein mahatvapurna laabh hoti hain. way naa kewal imaraton koo sanrachanaatmak roop seey majboot aur adhik kushal banaate hain, balki sanrachanaatmak samagri kii aavashyaktaon koo bhee kaafee cumm karate hain. samagri mein kamee seey imaaraten aarthik roop seey adhik kushal hoti hain aur paryavaraniya prabhaav cumm hotaa haye. tubeler design imaraton koo aur bhee adhik oonchaai taka pahunchane mein saksham banaate hain. tubeler system adhik aantarik sthaan kii anumati dete hain aur imaraton koo vibhinn aakar lene mein saksham banaate hain, jisase vastukaron koo atirikt swatantrata milati haye. inn nae designs ney thekedaaron, engineeron, vastukaron aur niveshakon key liye ack aarthik dwaar khol diyaa, jisase nyuntam bhukhandon parr badee matra mein achal sampatti kii jagah upalabdh hoe gaee. khaan engineeron key ack samooh mein seey they jinhone tees saal seey adhik key antaral key baad gaganchumbi imarat key nirmaan mein punarjanm koo protsaahit kiya.
jaba oonchaai kii baat aatee haye tou tubeler system abhee taka apani seema taka naheen pahunche hain. tubeler system kii ack anya mahatvapurna visheshta yeh haye kii imaraton kaa nirmaan steel yaa prabalit concreet, yaa donon key ack sanyukt kaa upayog karke kiya jaa sakata haye, taaki adhik oonchaai taka pahuncha jaa sakey. khaan ney oonchi imaraton key liye halke concreet key upayog kaa beedaa uthaaya, ack samay jaba prabalit concreet kaa upayog jyaadaatar cumm oonchaai vaale nirmaan key liye kiya jaataa thaa, jisaki oonchaai kewal kuchh hii thee. khaan key adhikansh designs kii kalpana ghatakon key poorv-nirmaan aur punaravritti parr vichaar karate hue kii gaee thee taaki pariyojanaon koo cumm seey cumm trutiyon key saath jaldi seey banaaya jaa sakey.
1950 key dashak key bebi boom key saath shuru hue jansankhya visfot ney upalabdh rahane kii jagah kii matra key baare mein vyaapak chinta paida kii, jise khaan ney oopar kii or nirmaan karke hull kiya. 20veen shatabdi key kissy bhee anya engineer seey adhik, fazlur rahman khaan ney logon key liye "akash key shaharon" mein rehna aur kaam karna sambhav banaa diyaa. maark sarkisian (skidmore, ovings aind maryl mein sanrachanaatmak aur bhookampiya engineering key nideshak) ney kahaa, "khaan ack doordarshi they jinhone engineering key buniyaadi siddhanton mein dridhata seey rahate hue gaganchumbi imaraton koo akash key shaharon mein badal diyaa."
frame tube.
1963 key baad seey, frame kiye gaye tubes kii naee sanrachanaatmak pranali gaganchumbi imarat key design aur nirmaan mein atyadhik prabhaavshaali hoe gaee. khaan ney frame kii gaee tube sanrachana koo "teen, chaar, yaa sambhavatah adhik frame, braced frame, yaa katarani divaaron seey bunny ack tri-ayami antariksh sanrachana key roop mein paribhaashit kiya, joe unake kinaaron parr yaa unake paas ack urdhvaadhar tube jaisi sanrachanaatmak pranali banaane key liye judee hui haye joe neenv seey cantilevering dwara kissy bhee disha mein paarshv balon kaa pratirodh karane mein saksham haye."nikatata seey antarit paraspar judey baahari stambh nully banaate hain. kshaitij bhaar, udaaharan key liye havaa aur bhookamp seey, samagr roop seey sanrachana dwara samarthit hain. lagbhag aadhi baahari satah khidakiyon key liye upalabdh haye. frame kiye gaye tube cumm aantarik stambhon kii anumati dete hain, aur isaliye adhik upayog karane yogya farsh sthaan banaate hain. bundle tube sanrachana lambi imaraton key liye adhik kushal haye, jisase oonchaai key liye dund cumm hoe jaataa haye. sanrachanaatmak pranali aantarik stambhon koo chhota honey aur imarat key mool koo braced frame yaa katarani divaaron seey mukt honey kii anumati detee haye joe moolyavaan farsh sthaan kaa upayog karati hain. jahan garrage key darvaajon jaise badey udghaatan kii aavashyakta hoti haye, tube frame koo baadhit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, jisamen sanrachanaatmak akhandata banaae rakhane key liye sthanantaran girder kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
tube-frame nirmaan koo lagu karane vaali pahali imarat devit-chestnut apartment building thee, jiska naam devit parr plaza rakhaa gayaa thaa, jiss imarat key liye broose graham koo design kiya gayaa thaa aur khaan ney 1963 mein shikago mein engineering kii thee. isane vishva vyaapaar kendra key nirmaan mein upayog kii jaane vaali frame tube sanrachana kii neenv rakhee.
trus tube aur aiks-bracing.
khaan ney tube sanrachana design key kaee anya roopon kaa beedaa uthaaya. inmein seey ack "trus tube" banaane key liye tube key baahari hisse mein aiks-bracing lagaane kii avadharana thee. aiks-bracing baahari stambhon mein bhaar koo sthanantarit karke ack imarat parr paarshv bhaar koo cumm curr detaa haye, aur aantarik stambhon kii cumm aavashyakta ack adhik upayog karane yogya farsh sthaan pradaan karati haye. khaan ney pahali baar 1965 mein johnn hancock kendra kii apani engineering parr baahari aiks-bracing kaa upayog kiya, aur yeh imarat key baahari hisse parr spasht roop seey dekhaa jaa sakata haye, jisase yeh ack vaastushilp icon bunn jaataa haye.
pahale key ispat frame sanrachanaon key vipareet, jaise kii samrajya raajya bhawan (1931), jisamen prati varg meater lagbhag 206 kilogram ispat kii aavashyakta thee aur ack peechha mainhattan plaza (1961), jisamen prati varg meater lagbhag 275 kilogram ispat kii aavashyakta thee, johnn hancock kendra kaheen adhik kushal thaa, jisamen prati varg meater kewal 145 kilogram ispat kii aavashyakta thee. trus tube avadharana koo baad mein kaee gaganchumbi imaraton parr lagu kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen onterry center, citygroup center aur baink off chaina tower shamil they.
bundle tube.
tube sanrachana avadharana key khaan key sabse mahatvapurna roopon mein seey ack "bundle tube" thaa, jiska upayog vilis tower aur ack shandar meal key liye kiya jaataa thaa. bundle tube design naa kewal aarthik roop seey sabse kushal thaa, balki yeh "vastukala sthaan key bahumukhi nirmaan key liye apani kshamata mein naveen bhee thaa. kushal towers koo abb boxes-jaisa naheen honah thaa; tube-ikaaiyaan vibhinn aakar leey sakati theen aur vibhinn prakaar key samoohon mein ack saath bundle kiya jaa sakata thaa."
tube mein tube.
tube-inn-tube pranali baahari tubes key alawa core katarani deewaar tubes kaa laabh uthaati haye. aantarik nully aur baahari nully gurutvaakarshan bhaar aur paarshv bhaar kaa pratirodh karane aur sheersh parr mahatvapurna vikshepanon koo rokane key liye sanrachana koo atirikt kathorta pradaan karane key liye ack saath kaam karate hain. iss design kaa upayog pahali baar ack khol vaale plaza mein kiya gayaa thaa. iss sanrachanaatmak pranali kaa upayog karane key liye baad kii imaraton mein petronas tower shamil hain.
outrigger aur belt trus.
outrigger aur belt trus pranali ack paarshv bhaar pratirodhi pranali haye jisamen tube sanrachana kendriya core deewaar seey bahut kathor outrigors aur ack yaa adhik staron parr belt trus key saath judee hoti haye. bee. aich. pee. house iss sanrachanaatmak pranali kaa upayog karane vaali pahali imarat thee, jisake baad pahala wisconsin kendra thaa, jiska naam badalkar yuu curr diyaa gayaa.aiss. baink kendra, milwauki mein. kendra 601 feat oopar haye, jisamen imarat key neeche, beach aur oopar teen belt trus hain. ujagar belt trus saundarya aur sanrachanaatmak uddeshyon kii seva karate hain. baad mein iska upayog karane key liye imaraton mein shanghai vishva vittiya kendra shamil haye.
thhos tube sanrachanaaen.
khaan dwara nirmit antim pramukh imaaraten shikago mein ack shandar meal aur onterry kendra theen, jisamen kramshah unaki bundle tube aur trus tube system designs koo niyojit kiya gayaa thaa. unaki pichhali imaraton key vipareet, joe mukhya roop seey ispat kii theen, unaki antim dou imaaraten concreet kii theen. 1963 mein shikago mein nirmit unake pahale key devit-chestnut apartment bhawan bhee ack tube sanrachana key saath ack concreet kii imarat thee. newyork shahar mein trump tower bhee ack aur udaaharan haye jisane iss pranali koo anukoolit kiya.
katarani deewaar frame antahkriya pranali.
khaan ney madhya-oonchi imaraton key liye katarani deewaar frame antahkriya pranali vikasit kii. yeh sanrachanaatmak pranali aparoopan divaaron aur paarshv balon kaa pratirodh karane key liye design kiye gaye frames key sanyojan kaa upayog karati haye. iss sanrachanaatmak pranali kaa upayog karane vaali pahali imarat 35 manjila brunswick imarat thee. brunswick imarat 1965 mein poori hui thee aur apane samay kii sabse oonchi prabalit concreet sanrachana bunn gaee thee. brunswick bhawan kii sanrachanaatmak pranali mein ack thhos katarani deewaar kaa mool bhaag hotaa haye joe stambhon aur spandrail key baahari concreet frame seey ghiraa hotaa haye. 70 manjila taka kii imaraton ney iss avadharana kaa safaltapurvak upayog kiya haye.
viraasat.
oonchi imaraton key liye design vikalpon parr vichaar karate samay oonchi imarat sanrachanaatmak pranaliyon koo vikasit karane key khaan key maulik kaary kaa aaj bhee praarambhik bindu key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye. taba seey tube sanrachanaon kaa upayog kaee gaganchumbi imaraton mein kiya jaataa rhaa haye, jisamen vishva vyaapaar kendra, aaon kendra, petronas tower, jinn maao bhawan, baink off chaina tower aur 1960 key dashak seey nirmit 40 seey adhik manjila imaraton kaa nirmaan shamil haye. tube sanrachana key design kaa majboot prabhaav duniya kii vartamaan sabse oonchi gaganchumbi imarat, dubai mein burj khalifa mein bhee spasht haye. dainik telegraph" key stephen bellie key anusaarah
jeevan chakr sivil engineering.
khaan aur maark fintel ney lambe samay taka asamanya loading, vishesh roop seey majboot bhookampon seey sanrachanaon kii raksha key liye sadame koo avashoshit karane vaali naram-kahaaniyon key vichaaron kii kalpana kii. yeh avadharana aadhunik bhookampiya algaav pranaliyon kaa agradoot thee. sanrachanaon koo bhookamp key dauran praakritik roop seey vyavhaar karane key liye design kiya gayaa haye jahaan bhautik lachilaapan kii paaramparik avadhaaranaon koo aise tantra dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye joe bhautik loach kii raksha karate hue jameen koo hilaane key dauran andolan kii anumati dete hain.
elc ney fazlur aar kii sthaapana kii. khaan jeevan-chakr sivil engineering padak.
anya vaastushilp kaary.
khaan ney kaee ullekhaniya sanrachanaon koo design kiya joe gaganchumbi imaaraten naheen hain. udaharanon mein raajaa abdulaziz antarrashtriya havaai adde kaa huzz terminal shamil haye, joe 1981 mein puuraa huaa thaa, jisamen tambu jaisi chhatein hoti hain joe upayog mein naheen honey parr mudee hoti hain. iss pariyojana koo vastukala key liye aaga khaan puraskar sahit kaee puraskar mille, jisamen ise "musalmaanon key liye vastukala mein utkrisht yogdan" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa. tambu jaisi tanyata sanrachanaon ney ack sanrachanaatmak samagri key roop mein kapade key siddhant aur praudyogiki koo unnat kiya aur anya prakaar key terminals aur badey sthaanon key liye isake upayog kaa maarg prashast kiya.
khaan ney king abdulaziz vishvavidyalaya, sanyukt raajya vayu senaa akadami koo colorado springs aur hubert aich mein bhee design kiya. minnepolis mein humphrey metrodome. broose graham key saath, khaan ney ilinois key hiran kshetra mein baxter travenol prayogshalaon key liye ack cable-stead chhat pranali vikasit kii.
sanrachanaatmak engineering aur vastukala key liye computer.
1970 key dashak mein, engineeron ney badey paimaane parr computer sanrachanaatmak vishleshan kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. khaan key nirvivaad yogdan key saath, inn nae vikas key kendra mein soam thaa. graham aur khaan ney ack mukhya frame computer khareedane key liye kuchh bhagidaron kii pairavi kii, joe usa samay ack jokhim bharaa nivesh thaa, jaba naee takneeken abhee-abhee banane luggy theen. bhagidar sahmat hue, aur khaan ney sanrachanaatmak engineering samikaranon kii ganana karane key liye pranali koo prograaming karna shuru kiya, aur baad mein, vaastushilp chitra vikasit karane key liye.
peshevar meal key patthar.
imaraton kii soochi.
jinn imaraton parr khaan sanrachanaatmak engineer they, unamen shamil hainh
puraskar aur adhyaksh.
khaan kii anya uplabdhiyon key beach, unhein american concreet institute (aci) seey wonn medal (1971) aur alfred lindau award (1973); thomas middlebrook award (1972) aur asses seey ernest howard award (1977); american institute off steel construction seey kimbro medal (1973); institute off structural engineers, landan seey auskar fabber medal (1973); international association forr brij aind structural engineering, iabse seey structural engineering mein merritt kaa antarrashtriya puraskar (1983); american institute off architects seey vishisht upalabdhi key liye aai institute sammaan (1983); aur ilinois aur ilinois holl off engineering key structural engineers association seey johnn parmer award (1987) milaa.
khaan koo "engineering samachar-record" dwara una logon mein seey paanch baar uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa jinhone nirmaan udyog key sarvottam hiton kii seva kii, aur 1972 mein unhein "nr" maine off dha ear puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 1973 mein way rashtriya engineering akadami key liye chune gaye. unhein uttar-paschimi vishvavidyalaya, lehai vishvavidyalaya aur swiss sanghiya praudyogiki sansthaan zurich (aith zurich) seey maanad doctorate praapt hui.
oonchi imaraton aur shahari awas parr parishad ney unake ack see. tii. bee. aich. gaganchumbi imarat koo unake naam parr fazlur khaan jivankal upalabdhi padak seey sammaanit kiya, aur unake sammaan mein anya puraskar sthaapit kiye gaye hain, saath hii lehai vishvavidyalaya mein ack peeth bhee sthaapit kii gaee haye. shaikshik gatividhiyon aur anusandhaan koo badhaava dete hue, fazlur rahman khaan ney sanrachanaatmak engineering aur vastukala kii kursi seey sammaanit hocker khaan kii engineering kii pragati aur vastukala samvedansheelta kii viraasat kaa sammaan kiya. danne frangopol kursi kaa pahala dhaarak haye.
2009 mein rashtrapati obama ney carro, misra mein apane bhaashan mein khaan kaa ullekh kiya thaa jaba unhone america key muslim nagrikon kii uplabdhiyon kaa hawala diyaa thaa.
khaan 3 aprail 2017 koo googal doodle kaa vishay thaa, joe unake 88vein janmadin koo chihnit kartaa.
vrittachitra film.
2021 mein, nirdeshak laila kajmi ney khaan key jeevan aur viraasat parr "naee unchaaiyon taka pahunchanaah fazlur rahman khaan aur gaganchumbi imarat" naamak ack feature-lambai vaali vrittachitra film kaa nirmaan shuru kiya. film kaa nirmaan kajmi kii production company kajbar media dwara kiya gayaa haye, joe aaee. tii. vee. aiss. key vikas samarthan key saath haye, joe pee. bee. aiss. parr swatantra vrittachitron koo saha-nirmaan samarthan pradaan kartaa haye. film kaa nirdeshan nirdeshak aur nirmaata laila kajmi ney kiya haye, jisamen sahayogi nirmaata ernilla guha aur newyork sthit kalaa nirdeshak begona lopez hain. yeh swatantra film dwara vittiya roop seey praayojit haye.
daan.
1971 mein bangladesh mukti yuddh chhid gayaa. khaan yuddh key dauran janmat banaane aur bangali logon key liye aapaatkaaleen dhana jutaane mein bahut adhik shamil they. unhone shikago sthit bangladesh aapaatkaaleen kalyan appeal sangathan banaaya.
mrityu.
khaan kii 27 march 1982 koo dill kaa daura padane seey mrityu hoe gaee, jaba way 52 varsh kii ayu mein saudi arab key jedda mein ack yatra parr they. way soam mein ack samanya bhagidar they. unake shareer koo sanyukt raajya america mein vaapas curr diyaa gayaa aur shikago key graceland kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa.

