
oradia

oradia (,,;) romenia kaa ack shahar haye, joe krisana mein sthit haye. bihaar county kii seat, oradia, romania key paschimi bhaag mein sabse mahatvapurna aarthik, samajik aur saanskritik kendron mein seey ack haye. yeh shahar desh key uttar-paschim mein sthit haye, joe krisana maidan parr pahaadiyon key beach sthit haye, krisul repede nadee key tata parr, joe shahar koo lagbhag barabar hisson mein vibhajit kartaa haye.
borus seey lagbhag sthit, joe hangri key saath romania kii seema parr sabse mahatvapurna paar karane vaale binduon mein seey ack haye, oradia sabse adhik aabaadi vaale roman shaharon mein nauvein sthaan parr haye (2021 kii janganana key anusaar). yeh apuseni pahaadon key vistaar aur krisana-banaat vistaarit maidan key beach sampark key kshetra mein ack kshetra koo cover kartaa haye.
oradia mein jeevan star uchch haye aur yeh desh key sabse rahane yogya shaharon mein seey ack haye. yeh shahar iss kshetra mein ack majboot audyogik kendra bhee haye, joe romenia kii kuchh sabse badee companiyon kii mejbani kartaa haye. ack aarthik kendra key roop mein apani sthiti key alawa, oradia ack samriddh kalaa nauvyu vastukala viraasat kaa daavaa kartaa haye aur roose kalaa nauvyu network aur kalaa nauvyu europeeya maarg kaa sadasya haye.
naam.
roman naam "oradia" shahar key hangerian naam seey nikla haye. hangri mein, ise "nagivarad" yaa bolchal kii bhasha mein "warad" kahaa jaataa haye, baad vaalaa roman naam kii utpatti haye.
"hangri mein "naagi" kaa arth haye "mahaan" yaa "badaa", aur isane shahar koo hangri key ack shahar kiswarda seey alag karane mein madad kii, jiska arth haye "kiss" jiska arth haye "chhota". "vaar" kaa arth haye "mahal" yaa "gadh", aur "-aid" ack pratyay haye jiska upayog basti key naamon key liye kiya jaataa haye.
shahar kaa ack german naam bhee haye, "grobarden", saath hii ack yiddish naam joe isase liya gayaa haye, grissarden "groisworden". turkey mein, shahar koo aitihaasik roop seey "varaat" yaa "varaad" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
anya naamon mein lattin "varadinum" key saath-saath "grain varadino" kaa aitihaasik italvi naam bhee shamil haye.
shahar key kuchh pracheen roman naam hain "oradia", "oradia ghode" ("mahaan oradia"), "varadia ghode" ("mahaan varadia") aur "urabiya ghode" ("bhavya shahar").
bhugol.
yeh shahar krisana maidan aur krisul repede key besin key millen bindu parr sthit haye. yeh samudra tala seey oopar sthit haye, uttar-purvi bhaag mein oradia kii pahaadiyon seey ghiraa huaa haye, joe aiss pahaadiyon kaa hissa haye. basti kaa mukhya bhaag baadh key maidan parr aur krisul nadee key neeche sthit chhaton parr sthit haye. oradia apane taapiya jharanon key liye prasiddh haye. krisul nadee shahar koo thheek kendra seey paar karati haye, joe ise ack suramya sundarta pradaan karati haye. iska pravaah mausam parr nirbhar kartaa haye; tillegged key paas key daikon ney 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein banaae jaane key baad seey ise aanshik roop seey niyantrit kiya haye.
jalavaayu.
oradia mein samudri prabhaavon key saath ack germ-garmi aardr mahadvipiya jalavaayu (copen jalavaayu vargeekaran "dee. aff. bee") haye. shahar kii sthal-jalavaayu kriya prachalit paschimi havaaon seey nirdhaarit hoti haye. garmiyaan thhandi raaton key saath lambi aur germ hoti hain. sardiyaan chhoti aur madhyam thhand hoti hain.
vaarshik ausat tapman haye. julaai mein ausat lagbhag haye, jabaki janwari mein ausat haye. varsha kshetra key jangalon aur vanaspatiyon koo sahaara dene key liye paryaapt haye, joe lagbhag ack vaarshik ausat darj karati haye. varsh bhar mein varsha bhinn-bhinn roop seey hoti haye, jisamen adhikatam juuna mein aur varsh key sharad ritu key anta aur sardiyon key maheenon mein nyuntam varsha hoti haye.
itihas.
jabaki aadhunik oradia kaa pahali baar 1113 mein ullekh kiya gayaa haye, lattin naam "varadinam" key tahat benedictine jobar ebe seey sambandhit ack diploma mein-bishap sixtus varadiensis aur saul dee bicher kaa ullekh dastaavez mein kiya gayaa haye-haal key puraataatvik nishkarsh, shahar mein aur usake aspas, navpashan kaal key baad seey kamobesh nirantar nivaas kaa pramaan pradaan karate hain. dashian aur selt bhee iss kshetra mein rahate they. decia kii vijay key baad romanon ney iss kshetra mein apani upasthiti sthaapit kii, vishesh roop seey shahar key salka jile aur aadhunik samay key bell felix mein. gesta hangeroram" key anusaar, ack agyaat lekhak dwara 1150 key baad likhe gaye ack hangerian itihas, jise anaamik key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye, iss kshetra parr 9 veen shatabdi key anta mein aur 10 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein hangri key bhoomi-adhigrahan taka menumorat dwara shasson kiya gayaa thaa. iska gadh bihaar mein kendrit thaa. itihaaskaar iss baat parr bahas karate hain kii kyaa manumorute ack aitihaasik shaasak thaa yaa ack pauranik charitra thaa. anaamik key anusaar, menumorat kii duchy mukhya roop seey khazar aur sazekali key saath aabaadi thee, aur unhone usa samay (anaam) shaasak byzantine samrat kii aadhipatya koo sweekaar kiya.
11veen shatabdi mein jaba sent. hangri key raajaa ladyslaus pratham ney oradia shahar key paas ack bishparik basti kii sthaapana kii, joe oradia key vartamaan roman catholic diosis haye. yeh shahar 13veen shatabdi key dauran hangri raajya key hisse key roop mein aarthik aur saanskritik donon roop seey falaa-phoola. isi samay oradia kaa gadh, jiska pahali baar 1241 mein mangol aakraman key dauran ullekh kiya gayaa thaa, pahali baar banaaya gayaa thaa. aaney vaali shataabdiyon key dauran kille koo kaee baar nasht aur punarnirmit kiya jaayega. 14veen aur 15veen shatabdi usa samay taka shahar key itihas mein sabse samriddh kaal saabit hogi. shahar mein kaee kalakritiyon koo jodaa jaayega, jinamen shamil hainh sant stephen, americi aur ladyslaus (1372 seey pahale) kii moortiyaan aur sent kii ghudsavaar moorti. raajaa ladyslaus pratham (1390) koo oradia mein banaaya gayaa thaa. sent kii kalpit moorti. ladyslaus europe mein pahala proto-punarjagaran saarvajanik varg ghudsavaar smaarak thaa. bishap andreas bathori (1329-1345) ney gothik shally mein cathedral kaa punarnirmaan kiya. usa yug seey hii hermis bhee hain, joe abb gyor mein sanrakshit hain, jisamen sent kii khopadi haye. ladyslaus, aur joe hangri key sunar kii kalaa kii ack utkrisht kriti haye.
yeh vahee samay thaa jaba khagolshastri george wonn pyurbakh ney apana "tabula varadiensis" likhaa thaa, joe 1464 mein maranoparant prakaashit huaa thaa.) varadinum kii vedhshala, joe shahar kii vedhshala koo prithvi key sandarbh bindu aur pramukh meridian key roop mein sthaapit karati haye.
1474 mein, ack lambi gherabandi key baad turkon ney shahar parr kabja curr liya thaa. dusaron key prati unaki jyaadaatar sahishnu neetiyon ney yeh sunishchit kiya kii shahar roman, hangerian, austriyai, slovak, ruthenian aur turkon kaa ack jaatiya mozek bunn jaayega, jisase 16veen shatabdi seey oradia ack shahari kshetra key roop mein vikasit hoga.
samrat ferdinand pratham aur johnn zapolia key beach 4 farwari 1538 koo yahaan warad kii shaanti kaa samaapan huaa thaa, jisamen unhone ack-dusare koo vaidh samraton key roop mein parasparik roop seey maanyata dee thee. hangri parr ottoman aakraman key baad, 16veen shatabdi mein, yeh shahar transylvania kii riyasat, ottoman samrajya aur habsberg rajshahi key beach vivaad kaa ack nirantar bindu bunn gayaa. 1570 kii spire kii sandhi key baad, oradia sahit krisana key kuchh hisse, purvi hangri raajya key uttaradhikari raajya, transylvania kii navgathit riyasat kaa hissa bunn gaye.
ottomans ney 1598 mein shahar kii gherabandi curr dee, lekin gherabandi whiffle rahee. vienna kii sandhi (1606) key baad, shahar koo shaahi farman dwara sthaayi roop seey transylvania kii riyasat mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
gaorgy raakozi dwiteeya key parinamswarup, usa samay transylvania key rajkumar, polland kaa simhaasan hassil karane key prayaas mein whiffle rahey, ottoman ney unake aur unake valakian aur moldevian sahyogiyon, ghiorge atephan aur constantin erban key khilaf ack aur dandaatmak abhiyaan bheja. 1660 mein ottomans ney 45,000 purushon kii senaa key saath aakhiri baar shahar koo gher liya. 850 rakshak 46 dinon taka tikane mein kamyab rahey, lekin antatah aantarik vishvaasghaat key kaaran 27 agast koo shahar gir gayaa. ottomans ney shahar koo varaat key navgathit ilet kii rajdhani key roop mein naamit kiya. palak mein "varat" (oradia), salanta, debracin, halmas, sengevi aur yapizmaz key sanjak shamil they. gherabandi kaa varnan janos sazalardi ney apane samkaaleen itihas mein kiya haye. shahar kaa ottoman prabhutva 1692 mein samaapt hoe gayaa, jaba habsberg shaahi balon ney 14 maheene kii gherabandi key baad shahar parr vijay praapt kii.
yuddh seey shahar buri tarah kshatigrast hoe gayaa thaa, kewal 114 ghar bache they, jinamen seey kewal 21 koo nuksan naheen huaa thaa. haalaanki, habsberg key punarnirmaan key tahat, 18 veen shatabdi mein, oradia ney apane swarn yug mein pravesh kiya. vienni engineer franz anton hilbrant koo barok shally mein shahar kii yojana banaane kaa kaam diyaa gayaa thaa aur varsh 1752 seey shuru hocker, shahar key kaee vartamaan sthalon jaise roman catholic cathedral, moone church, raajya rangmanch aur barok mahal kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa.
iss shahar ney 1848 kii hangri kranti mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai, joe hangri key sabse badey hathiyar karkhane kaa ghar thaa.
pratham vishva yuddh key baad, oradia 1919 key hangerian-romanian yuddh key dauran roman prashaasan key tahat paarit huaa, aur 1920 kii trannon kii sandhi key tahat romenia raajya kaa hissa bunn gayaa. 1925 mein, oradia koo nagarpalika kaa darja diyaa gayaa, jisase isaki poorv nagrik swaayatta bhang hoe gaee. usee adhyadesh key tahat, iska naam "oradeya ghode" ("mahaan" oradeya) seey badalkar buss oradeya curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
1940 mein hitler aur musolini dwara madhyasthata kiye gaye dusare vienna puraskar ney hangri koo oradia sahit uttari transylvania koo punarpraapt karane kii anumati dee, aur badey paimaane parr samarohon ney hangri prashaasan kaa swaagat kiya. 12 octuber 1944 koo, debricane kii ladaai key dauran dusare ukraini morche key soviyat sainikon dwara oradia parr kabja curr liya gayaa thaa, aur march 1945 mein roman prashaasan mein vaapas aaa gayaa thaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, hangri koo 10 farwari 1947 koo samaapt hui peris kii sandhi key tahat isake daavon koo chhodana padaa.
disambar 1989 kii roman kranti key baad, oradia kaa uddeshya romania key anya shaharon key saath adhik samriddhi praapt karna thaa. saanskritik aur aarthik donon roop seey, oradia kii sambhavanaen anivarya roop seey swatantrata, loktantra aur ack mukt bajar arthavyavastha praapt karane key liye roman samaaj kii samanya aakaankshaon seey judee hui hain. apane vishisht charitra key kaaran, oradia paschimi romania aur samanya roop seey desh key sabse mahatvapurna aarthik aur saanskritik kendron mein seey ack haye, aur yeh ack advitiya dwibhashi gatishilata key saath mahaan shaikshanik kendron mein seey ack haye.
jansankhyiki.
2021 kii janganana mein oradia kii aabaadi 183,105 thee, joe pichhali janganana mein darj aankadon seey cumm haye.
jaatiya banaavat iss prakaar haye (2011 taka):
dhaarmik banaavat iss prakaar haih 59.8% roman roodhivaadi, 14.3% sudhaar, 9.4% roman catholic, 5% pentecostal, 3.7% baptist, 3.4% greek-catholic aur 4.4% anya, aghoshit yaa koee naheen.
yahudi samudaay.
chevra kadisha" ("pavitra samaaj") kii sthaapana 1735 mein hui thee, 1803 mein pahala aradhanalaya aur 1839 mein pahala sampradayik vidyalaya. 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka yahoodiyon koo shahar key kissy anya hisse mein vyaapaar karane kii anumati naheen thee, aur taba bhee unhein raat mein apane awas parr lautane kii aavashyakta thee. 1835 mein, shahar key kissy bhee hisse mein rahane kii anumati dee gaee thee.
oradia kaa yahudi samudaay roodhivaadi aur neolog mein vibhajit hoe gayaa. jabaki neolog mandali key sadasyon ney abhee bhee "chevra kadisha" mein apani sadasyata barkarar rakhee, unhone 1899 mein apane swayam key ack kabristan kaa upayog karna shuru kiya. 20 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, oradia key yahoodiyon ney shahar key saarvajanik jeevan mein pramukhta hassil kii thee. yahudi nirmaata, vyaapaari, vakeel, chikitsak aur kisan they; pulis pramukh (1902) ack yahudi thaa; aur nagar parishad mein, yahudi tatva kaa aanupaatik roop seey pratinidhitva kiya jaataa thaa. samudaay key paas aspatal aur "chevra kadisha" key alawa, ack yahudi mahila sangh, ack vyaakaran vidyalaya, ladakon aur ladkiyon key liye ack vyaapaar vidyalaya, ack yeshiv, ack soop kitchen aadi thaa.
yahudi kalaa kendra" key anusaarah
oradia yahudi samudaay kabhi austriya-hangerian samrajya mein vyaavsaayik aur saanskritik donon roop seey sabse sakriya thaa. 1944 mein, panchish hazaar oradian yahoodiyon koo naazi dwara yaatana shiviron mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa, iss prakaar iss mahatvapurna samudaay koo nasht curr diyaa gayaa. aaj oradia mein kewal teen sou yahudi rahate hain. shahar key kendra mein, nadee key tata parr aur kshetra kii anya imaraton parr unchaa, 1878 mein banaaya gayaa badaa neolog mandir aradhanalaya haye. apane badey gumbad key saath asamanya ghana-aakar kaa aradhanalaya romania mein sabse badey aradhanalayon mein seey ack haye. ander ack badaa anga aur gadde kii sajawat haye. 1891 mein, roodhivaadi samudaay ney dou aradhanalayon aur ack samudayik kendra sahit imaraton kaa ack parisar bhee banaaya.
1944 mein, naazi germany dwara hangri parr kabja karane key dauran, hangri key adhikaariyon ney yahudi nivaasiyon koo aushwitz yaatana shivir mein bhejane seey pahale unhein oradia gheto mein majboor curr diyaa. oradia mein poorv-narsamhar hasidic rabinet key vanshajon ney newyork shahar key stayton dweep key vilobrook kshetra mein ack aradhanalaya kii sthaapana kii. aradhanalaya mein paaramparik hasidic nusak seyford aur nusak ashkenaz seva donon kaa rakharkhaav kiya jaataa haye, jinamen seey baad vaalaa "bases medrash igud avarichim off groisworden" (grosswarden kaa yiddi uchchaaran) key naam seey sanchaalit hotaa haye.
2021 taka, oradia mein ack rabbiya madarsa banaane kii bhee pariyojana haye.
quarter.
1848 seey pahale, oradia chaar alag-alag shaharon seey banaa thaah warad-uzwaros (vilaa nova, poorv vicus sombatheli), warad-olazi (vilaa latinorum veradencium, "olaaz" jiska arth haye italvi), warad-valence (vicus venetia), warad-varalja (civitas varadensis). vicus venetia, vilaa latinorum, vicus bolonia, vicus padua aur anya naam 13veen shatabdi mein basey francisi, walloon aur italvi nivaasiyon koo sandarbhit karate hain.
aaj yeh shahar nimnalikhit jilon seey banaa haye jinhen quarter kahaa jaataa haye (romanian mein "cartier", hangerian mein "negidec"):
arthavyavastha.
oradia lambe samay seey romenia key sabse samriddh shaharon mein seey ack rhaa haye. oradia kaa prati vyakti jee. dee. pee. roman ausat kaa lagbhag 150% haye. 1989 key baad, apane mahatvapurna upbhoktaon key aadhar key kaaran, oradia ney udyog mein naheen, balki vyaapaar aur paryatan jaise seva kshetra mein aarthik navinikaran kaa anand liya.
oradia mein berojgari darr 6.0% haye, joe roman ausat seey thodi cumm haye lekin bihaar county key ausat lagbhag 2% seey bahut adhik haye. oradia vartamaan mein bihaar county key audyogik utpaadan kaa lagbhag 63 pratishat utpaadan kartaa haye, jabaki county kii aabaadi kaa 34.5% hissa haye. isake mukhya udyog furniture, kapada aur kapade, joote aur khaadya prasanskaran hain. oradia kii arthavyavastha kaafee hudd taka chhote aur madhyam vyavasaay aur nagrikon dwara bhugtan kiye jaane vaale sampatti karon dwara bunny hui haye.
vittiya varsh 2012 mein, oradia kaa sabse badaa bajat transylvania kshetra mein thaa, joe apane padosi shaharon, araad aur klaj-napoka koo paar curr gayaa thaa. kuchh badee roman companiyaan, jaise kii adaplast, aar. see. aiss.-aar. dee. aiss., europeeya peya aur frigoexpress oradia mein sthit hain.
oradia jameen seey dou kilometres neeche paani seey bhoo-taapiya bijli kaa upayog curr rhaa haye, joe apani jilaa taap pranali key liye 7 pratishat oorjaa pradaan kartaa haye. yeh pranali shahar kii 70 pratishat aabaadi koo garmi aur germ paani pradaan karati haye.
parivahan.
saarvajanik parivahan network ack nagarpalika agency oh. tii. ell. (oradia parivahan sthaaniya) dwara chalaaya jaataa haye. yeh paanch traum lines (1 aar, 1 aine, 2,3 aar, 3 aine, 4 aine, 4 aar aur naee 8) aur 17 sthaaniya buss lines (10 seey 26 taka kii sankhya) seey banaa haye, aur ack antarrashtriya upnagariya seey biharkereztes, hangri taka haye. shahar mein chaar railway station hainh paschim, poorv aur episcopia bihaar (bihaar mathh). paschimi station iosia key quarter mein sthit haye, kendriya station (jise buss oradia kahaa jaataa haye) shahar key kendra key karib sthit haye, joe ve key quarter key paas haye, jabaki purvi station valenta mein sthit haye.
oradia koo oradia antarrashtriya havaai adde dwara seva pradaan kii jaati haye, joe runway kii marammat key baad 2015 key anta mein phir seey khol diyaa gayaa haye.
shiksha.
oradia romenia key mukhya shiksha kendron mein seey ack haye. yeh shahar oradia vishvavidyalaya kaa ghar haye, joe desh key sabse badey vishvavidyalayon mein seey ack haye. kaee niji vishvavidyalaya bhee hain, jinamen seey ack agora vishvavidyalaya haye, joe 2000 mein sthaapit ack aadhunik shaikshanik sansthaan haye. emmanuel vishvavidyalaya, ack maanyata praapt niji baptist vishvavidyalaya, bhee 2002 seey shahar mein maujood haye.
2012 taka, oradia mein uchch shiksha key udghaatan key 232 varsh hoe chuke they aur nirantar uchch shiksha key 48 varsh hoe chuke they. daarshanik shikshan key liye ack uchch sansthaan kii sthaapana 1780 mein oradia mein kii gaee thee, joe 1788 mein kaanoon kaa sankaay banane vaalaa thaa aur purvi europe key ack vishal kshetra key bheetar sabse purana sankaay thaa.
1921 key baad, vidhi sankaay key sabhi pathyakramon koo roman mein padhaaya gayaa. 1923 mein, dou dharamshastriya akadamiyon kii neenv ney oradia mein shaikshanik jeevan koo nae ayam diye. oradia kii vidhi akadami, dou dharamshastriya akadamiyon key saath milkar, patron key ack sankaay koo ekikrit karke ack aur kadam aage badhaana thaa, iss prakaar oradia mein krisana vishvavidyalaya banaane kii purani ichcha koo praapt karna thaa.
oradia kii vidhi akadami kii gatividhi mein tees saal key viram key baad, 1 octuber 1963 koo shiksha mantralaya key ack adesh ney oradia mein ack 3 saal key shaikshanik sansthaan kii sthaapana kii, jiska uddeshya maadhyamik shiksha mein shikshakon kii kamee koo door karna thaa. uchch shiksha key nae sansthaan ney dou sankayon key saath apani gatividhi shuru keeh bhasha vigyaan aur ganit-bhautiki, aur ack saal baad anya dou sankaay, itihas-bhugol aur shaaririk shiksha, jode gaye.
maee 1990 mein, roman sarkaar key ack adesh ney oradia key takniki vishvavidyalaya kii sthaapana kii, jise baad mein oradia vishvavidyalaya kahaa gayaa, aur yeh shahar mein shaikshanik jeevan kii prabhaavshaali paramparaon parr adharit thaa. yeh roman samaaj key jeevan mein lambe samay seey apekshit vaigyaanik aur saanskritik bahaali kaa ack kaary thaa, disambar 1989 kii zana kranti kaa ack badaa laabh, 1 disambar 1918 koo mahaan sangh key baad kriyana mein sabse badee roman uplabdhiyon mein seey ack thaa. iss tarah vidvaanon kii kaee peedhiyon kaa sapana sach huaa, jise oradia key ack itihaaskaar ney spasht roop seey vyakt kiyaah "bhavishya key sambandh mein, sabhi prasiddh roman logon kii ichcha oradia mein ack poorna vishvavidyalaya sthaapit karna haye, jisaki roshni romania kii poori paschimi seema parr chamakati haye. aaj ordia vishvavidyalaya iss tarah kii uchch shiksha kaa ack ekikrit sansthaan haye, jisamen 18 sankaay shamil hain.
oradia vishvavidyalaya kaa uddeshya chhatron aur uchch shiksha snatakon donon koo badey paimaane parr prashikshit karna aur shikshit karna haye, saath hii saath uchch star parr vigyaan aur praudyogiki key kuchh kshetron taka pahunchana haye.
vishvavidyalaya kii sanrachana mein shaikshanik shiksha, snatkottar shiksha aur vaigyaanik anusandhaan shamil hain. 
oradia vishvavidyalaya key bheetar anusandhaan praakritik aur bhautik vigyaan key kshetron key saath-saath samajik aur maanav vigyaan key kshetra mein vikasit hoe rhaa haye, jisamen nimnalikhit shamil hainh ganit, bhautiki, rasayan vigyaan, jeevan vigyaan, krishi vigyaan, chikitsa vigyaan, takniki vigyaan, aarthik vigyaan, bhugol, itihas, nyaayik vigyaan aur kaanoon, bhashavigyan, shikshashastra, rajneeti vigyaan, manovigyaan, patra aur kalaa, samajshastra, darshan. shaikshik prakriya lambe snaatak aur snatkottar adhyayan key liye pathyakram parr adharit haye.
romenia key sabse puraane niji vishvavidyalayon mein seey ack oradia mein sthit haye. sulyok istwan sudhaar mahavidyalaya kii sthaapana 1990 key vasant mein kiralihagomelek sudhaar church dwara kii gaee thee. 1999 mein school clues-napoka key protestant dharamshastra college seey poori tarah seey swatantra hoe gayaa aur apana naam badalkar partium christian vishvavidyalaya curr diyaa. yeh vartamaan mein 12 sankayon aur 1400 key ack chhaatr nikaay key saath kaam kartaa haye; shiksha kii bhasha hangri haye.
vastukala.
oradia kii vartamaan vastukala mukhya roop seey baahari quarters mein communist yug kii apartment imaraton aur sunder aitihaasik imaraton kaa mishran haye joe usa yug key avashesh hain jaba shahar austriya-hangri kaa hissa thaa. kaee barok imaraton key alawa, oradia kalaa nauvyu vastukala key apane vishesh roop seey samriddh sangrah key liye ullekhaniya haye.
art noview koo samajhana aasaan haye kyonki isaki ghumaavdaar, lahardaar rekhaaen praakritik roop seey, syncopate lay mein, ack sangeetmay letmotiff key roop mein "bahati" hain. kaee khuli ghumaavdaar rekhaaen-paravalay aur atidhruviya rekhaaen-kalaa noview "panoply" key mahatvapurna tatva, inn imaraton aur kalakritiyon koo gatishilata aur lay dete hain.
yeh poori tarah seey sajawati kalaa, design aur vastukala mein vyakt kiya jaataa haye. mukhya sajawati visheshta asmamit lahardaar rekha haye, joe ack urjaavaan whiplash dwara samaapt hoti haye.
oradia koo romenia mein 1900 vastukala key sabse pratinidhi kendron mein seey ack maanaa jaa sakata haye; isaki tulanaa madhya europe mein algaav vastukala key saath kii jaa sakati haye.
roman paschimi seema parr sthit, nagivarad (trianon kii sandhi key baad oradia mein parivartit kiya jaanaa) hangerian samrajya kaa hissa thaa, aur 1921 mein trianon kii sandhi taka, madhya europeeya austriya-hangerian samrajya kaa hissa thaa aur iss prakaar, iss sthaan kii kalaatmak dhaaraon seey prabhaavit thaa.
20veen shatabdi kii shuruat kii imaaraten letchner aur vienna algaav prabhaav seey samriddh hain, joe 19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat key kalaatmak andolan key mahaan vastukaron seey ack mahatvapurna viraasat viraasat mein millie hain. oradia kii vastukala aur nivaas sthaan koo kewal madhya europeeya vastukala key sandarbh mein dekhaa jaanaa haye.
apani swatantrata aur vyaktitva seey, oradia kaa sthaan 1900 kii kalaa key badey mahaan europeeya parivaaron mein haye, vishesh roop seey gadh aur mukhya railway station key beach key kshetra key sambandh mein. yahaan kiraaye kii imaaraten hain, (maskovits mahal I aur II, apolo mahal, stern palace, adorjan house I aur II, darwasi mahal), vilaa (laa roche, vago, okni schwartz), hotal (panonia, emke, remonoxy, vezlovics, fackett saas/vulturul nigru), sainya imaaraten-armatei romain street parr, audyogik bhawan aur godam (bear-, spirit-, eenten-karkhane, bijli key sanyantra kii chimani), saarvajanik sansthaan (city holl, roodhivaadi bishap kaa mahal, greek-catholic bishap kaa mahal, nyaay kaa mahal, baink, vanijya aur udyog key ghar aadi).), una vastukaron dwara hastaaksharit jinka europeeya 1900 vastukala record mein ack pramukh sthaan haih oden letchner, dezo jakab, marcel komor, laslo aur jozef vago, valler mende, ferenk zataril, ferenk lobal, callman rimanosi sr.aur jey., anton zalerbeck. yeye sabhi sthal bahut vividh anusandhaan aur vikas samagri pradaan karate hain.
inn mahaan vastukaron ney apane kaam key madhyam seey nagivarad (oradia) mein vienna aur budapest kaa prabhaav laaya, jisamen ack naee shally kii visheshta thee, joe akaadamik seey alag thee, iss prakaar aavishkaron aur maulikta key aadhar parr ack shaileegat vividhikaran kaa parisar banaaya gayaa.
kaee europeeya shaharon kii tarah, "chhote peris", jaisa kii pichhali shatabdi kii shuruat mein oradia kaa naam rakhaa gayaa thaa, apane algaav, sargrahi, nae-romanian, neoclassic aur barok vastukala dwara diyaa gayaa ack belle-iko aakarshan haye. aakar yaa samriddhi seey prabhaavit naheen honey key kaaran, oradia kii imaraton mein kalyan, parishkaran aur gunavatta kii ack aabha hoti haye joe smriti parr chhaap daalati haye.
20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein kendra mein achchi tarah seey pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye, lekin shahar key lagbhag harr kshetra mein kuchh vishesh haye.
shahar key itihas kendra mein ack mahaan aitihaasik, saanskritik, vaastushilp aur shahari yojana viraasat moolya haye. isamen 16veen shatabdi seey shuru hocker 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka bastiyon key kendra, vaastushilp avashesh, vastukala key smaarak aur shahari yojana shamil hain, aur koee bhee smaarak pareshan karane vaalaa yaa visangat naheen haye.
kalaa nauvyu key aantarik moolya key roop mein shally aur alankaran kii ekataa kaa vishleshan karate hue, humm vastukala sanrachana aur isake kalaatmak sadhanon koo milakar ack susangat shally paa sakate hain; gadde key moulding, moortiyaan aur padak, lohe kaa kaam, rangeen kaanch, apaardarshi aur rangeen kaanch-yeye sabhi sajawat koo vastukala key siddhant key roop mein, rekha key moolya key aadhar parr, paudhe kii javic shakti aur sanrachanaatmak prateek parr uchit thaharaate hain.
oradia vastukala ack atyant dilchasp aur moolyavaan jaatiya mishran dwara banaae gaye moolyon kaa parinam haye, joe ack durlabh samriddhi key moolya adaan-pradaan mein aur mahaan mahima aur sundarta kii saajha viraasat mein sakar huaa. apani spasht aur durlabh vishishtata mein, yeh asadharan roop seey moolyavaan prateet hotaa haye.
viraasat yahaan ack ekikrit tatva, ack samajik samanjasya upkaran kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, jisane ack bhasha kii boliyon kii tarah ack saanskritik mozek aur ack mool sanshleshan koo janm diyaa-parinam ack shaileegat bolly haye joe aapsi alankaran aur nishechan key parinamswarup hoti haye.
yeh yogdan, ack mahatvapurna europeeya dhaara mein ack roman shaileegat hastakshep, ack vishesh dhyaan aur ack mahatvapurna prachaar key laayak haye, joe saamanjasyapurna parinami interlessing kii gunavatta, udaartaa, pramanikta aur asadharan moolya seey mell khaata haye.
iss sthaan kii pramanikta koo pichhali peedhiyon dwara bahut achchi tarah seey rakhaa gayaa thaa aur poshit kiya gayaa thaa. yadi sthaaniya vishishtata koo achchi tarah seey sanrakshit naheen kiya jaataa haye, tou logon kii pehchaan karane mein mahatvapurna saanskritik pehchaan kaa adhikansh hissa khou jaayega.
poore samudaay koo viraasat sanrakshan key sambandh mein adhik dhyaan aur samvedansheelta key liye baadhya mahsoos karna chaahiye, aur adhikaariyon aur visheshagyon koo aisee moolyavaan viraasat key sanrakshan key liye neetiyaan aur kaary vikasit karane chaahiye.
aitihaasik shahar key sanrakshan aur prabandhan key beach santulan banaae rakhane kii koshish seey utpann honey vaale sambhaavit nuksaanon seey bachane key liye, sanrakshan key vibhinn vichaaron kaa adhyayan aur unhein jaanana, uchit kaa saavdhaanipoorvak chayan karna aavashyak haye.
paryatak aakarshan.
purana shahar kaa kendra oradia mein mukhya paryatak akarshanon mein seey ack haye, saath hii bell felix swaasthya spaa bhee hain, joe buss dwara sulabh hain aur shahar key thheek baahar sthit hain.
anya sthal joe kaafee sankhya mein paryatakon koo aakarshit karate hain, unamen shamil hainh
khel.
see. aiss. aim. oradia oradia kaa peshevar basketball club haye joe desh key pratham division, leag mein khelata haye, pratiyogita jise club ney 2016 aur 2018 mein jeetaa thaa, champions leag jaisi antarrashtriya pratiyogitaon mein bhee pratispardha kartaa haye. team apane gharelu match erina antonio alex mein khelati haye.
1958 mein sthaapit aff. see. bihor, club key rung laal aur neele they, aur logo mein varsh 1902 shamil haye, jaba pahala football match rede park mein oradia mein khela gayaa thaa, 58 varshon key liye roman football pranali mein shahar kaa sabse pratinidhi club thaa, club koo 2016 mein mahatvapurna vittiya samasyaon key baad bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 2022 mein isi naam seey aff. see. bihor oradia key tahat ack phoenix club kaa uday huaa.
1910 mein sthaapit see. aeye. oradia (kaao) prasiddh hoe gayaa, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran hangri dwara uttari transylvania key vilay key baad, football club hangri anuvaad nagivaradi atletkai club (aine. aeye. see.) key tahat hangri championship mein khela, aur 1943-1944 season key anta mein championship jeeti. see. aeye. oradia kewal teen football clubon mein seey ack haye jinhone teen deshon mein rashtriya championship kheli aur jeeti (anya dou aiss. key. rapid vn aur derry city hain). aff. see. bihaar vighatan key baad kaao koo isake vighatan key 54 saal baad 2017 key vasant mein phir seey sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. baad key varshon mein shahar key football munch parr ack aur club, lusafarul oradia, club dikhaai diyaa, jisaki sthaapana 2001 mein hui thee aur abb yeh leega II mein khel rhaa haye, joe iss samay shahar aur bihaar county kaa sabse pratinidhi football club haye.
kaee mahatvapurna footballers kaa janm samay key saath oradia mein huaa thaa, jaise kih ulu bartaki, cosmin barsuan, elemer barkesi, zeno bandiya, zolton krisson, claudieu keseru, atila kuna, erich linker, marrius popa, paul popovisi, fraansisk spielman, albert strock aur aayan zaare.
see. aiss. aim. diggy oradia oradia kaa peshevar watter polo club haye, yeh romanian superliga mein vikasit hotaa haye, pratiyogita joe isane lagaatar 9 baar jeeti aur laine champions leag yaa laine euro cup mein bhee niyamit roop seey upasthiti haye, joe antim mein ack finalist haye.
antarrashtriya sambandh.
oradia key saath judvaan haih
mahanagar kshetra.
oradia mahanagariya kshetra paschimi romenia mein sthit ack mahanagariya kshetra haye, joe bihaar county, kriyana romenia mein sthit haye aur isaki sthaapana 9 maee 2005 koo hui thee.
mahanagariya kshetra mein oradia shahar aur 8 nikatvarti samudaay shamil hainh