
soviyat cruiser kalinin

kalinin () dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran europeeya roose seey bheje gaye ghatakon seey russie sudur poorv mein soviyat nausena key liye banaae gaye chhah aiss (aadhikarik taur parr pariyojana 26 key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) mein seey ack thaa. yeh jahaaj antim jodee mein seey ack thaa, jise pariyojana 26bis2 upavarg key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. 1942 key anta mein puuraa kiya gayaa aur prashant bede koo saunpa gayaa, unhone 1945 mein soviyat-japani yuddh key dauran koee kaarravaai naheen dekhi aur sheet yuddh mein seva kii. kabhi-kabhi ack pramukh key roop mein seva karate hue, unakaa yuddh key baad kaa currier taba taka apratyaashit thaa jaba taka kii unhein 1960 mein nirastra naheen kiya gayaa aur ack tairate hue bairak mein parivartit naheen kiya gayaa. unhein 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
varnan.
kirov" kii rachana italvi halke cruiser seey lii gaee thee, joe unake adhik shaktishali shastra key anuroop sanshodhit kii gaee thee. dou pariyojana 26bis2 jahaaj pahale kii pariyojana 26 aur 26bis jahaajon kii tulanaa mein thode badey they aur ack alag vimaan-rodhi shastragar seey susajjit they. "kalinin" jall rekha parr lamba thaa, aur samagr roop seey lamba thaa. usake paas ack kiran thee aur usake beach ack draft thaa. jahaaj maanak bhaar parr aur poorna bhaar parr visthaapit hoe gayaa. yuddh key dauran unake dall mein 812 adhikaari aur purush they.
kirov" shreni key jahaajon koo tv-7 taiyar bhaap turbines key dou seton dwara sanchaalit kiya jaataa thaa, pratyek chhah yaaro-samanya boiler dwara pradaan kii gaee bhaap kaa upayog karke ack ekal propeller shaft chalaata thaa. turbines koo utpaadan karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa jiska uddeshya jahaajon koo ack gati denaa thaa. usake samudri parikshanon parr, "kalinin" kewal vahaan seey pahuncha. binaa adhik bhaar shakti key, vaha kewal 1945 mein saksham thee. "kirov" unhein ack sahanshakti dene key liye paryaapt eendhan tail leey jaate they.
shastra, suraksha aur samvedak.
kirov" varg kii mukhya battery mein teen triple-gunn burj mein nau bee-1-pee bandooken, superstructure key aage ack superfiring jodee aur ack peechhe shamil thee. europeeya roose mein nirmit unaki pichhali sauteli bahanon key vipareet, unake maadhyamik shastragar mein shuru mein peechhe kii funnel key pratyek taraf aathh ekal 34-key vimaan-rodhi (aa) bandooken theen kyonki mool roop seey upayog kii jaane vaali bee-34 bandooken utpaadan samasyaon mein chala rahee theen. 34-key bandooken ack stop-gap theen jaba taka kii senaa 52-key aeye aeye bandook koo 34-key key mount key saath jodaa jaa sakata thaa aur 90-key key roop mein utpaadan mein rakhaa jaa sakata thaa. unhone maee 1943 mein 34-key bandookon koo badal diyaa. halki aa bandookon mein shuru mein chhah ardh-swachaalit 21-key aa bandooken, duss poori tarah seey swachaalit 70-key aa bandooken aur chhah machine gunn shamil they, lekin yuddh key dauran unamen kaafee vriddhi hui thee. 1945 taka "kalinin" ney apani 21-key bandookon kaa adaan-pradaan nau atirikt 70-key bandookon key liye kiya thaa, jinamen seey chaar burj kii chhaton parr aur anya adhirachana mein lagaae gaye they. 1957 taka unake halke vimaan-rodhi shastragar mein kewal nau sanchaalit judvaan bandook 37 mimi vee-11 mount shamil they. chhah 39-yuu tarpedo tubes koo dou triple mountain mein lagaaya gayaa thaa, pratyek chaude hisse parr ack. cruiser 100 aur 164 khadanon key beach leey jaane key liye rail aur pachas gaharaai key liye rack lagaa sakata thaa, lekin 1945 taka, vaha 100-106 khadanon koo leey jaa sakati thee aur usey apane 66 gaharaai key liye dou yaa chaar fenkane vaale lagey they.
pariyojana 26bis aur pariyojana 26bis2 cruiser ney ack hii kavach vinyas saajha kiyaah jall rekha belt, burj aur barbet kavach sabhi motey they. deck kavach plates dwara sanrakshit thaa, jabaki conning tower key motey they.
shuru mein binaa sonar key nirmit, "kalinin" koo lend-lease asdic-132 pranali praapt hui, jise soviyat sangh ney dracon-132 kahaa, saath hii 1945 taka prayogaatmak soviyat mars-72 pranali bhee praapt hui. jaisa kii nirmit kiya gayaa thaa, usake paas kissy bhee radar kii kamee thee, lekin 1944 taka vaha british aur americi lend-lease radar key saath-saath soviyat-design kii gaee pranaliyon seey lais thee. havaai khoj key liye ack british prakaar 291 aur ack americi aiss. jee. radar kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. soviyat upitter-1 radar kii ack jodee kaa upayog mukhya-battery agni niyantran key liye kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki vimaan-rodhi agni niyantran dou british prakaar 282 radar dwara pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. usey dou bereev core-2 seaplane kii kshamata key saath usake funnel key beach kii kendra rekha parr ack ekal jedke-2bee catapult seey lais karane kii yojana banaai gaee thee, lekin catapult key binaa puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, jise samay parr gherabandi kiye gaye leninagrad seey naheen bheja jaa sakata thaa. catapult key sthaan parr, chhah 70-key bandooken jodee gaeen. baad mein catapult koo sthaapit kiya gayaa, jisamen 1945 mein catapult aur core-2 key saath samudri pareekshan "kalinin" dwara kiya gayaa thaa. catapult koo octuber 1947 mein hataa diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki radar ney jahaaj kii golibari koo thheek karane key liye vimaan key upayog koo hataa diyaa thaa.
seva.
"kalinin" dou pariyojana 26bis2 cruisers mein seey ack thaa, joe "kirov"-shreni cruisers kii teesari jodee thee. usey navanirmit shipyard nam. mein ikattha kiya gayaa thaa. 199, komsomolsk-onn-amoor, yard sankhya 7 key roop mein, shipyard sankhya mein nirmit ghatakon seey. 189 mein, leninagrad. unhein 12 agast 1938 koo rakhaa gayaa thaa, 8 maee 1942 koo drydock seey launch kiya gayaa thaa aur puuraa karane key liye amoor nadee koo vladivostok taka leey jaaya gayaa thaa. europeeya roose mein karkhanon seey dair seey delivery aur kharaab tareeke seey nirmit drydock key kaaran uska nirmaan lamba hoe gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, usake propeller koo germans dwara gher liye jaane key baad, aur usake propeller shaft koo 1942 mein germans dwara nasht kiye jaane seey pahale, stellingrad mein "bairikadi" karkhane seey leey jaanaa padaa, jisake baad usey leninagrad seey bheja jaanaa thaa. cruiser apane samudri parikshanon koo puuraa karane key baad 31 disambar koo prashant bede mein shamil hoe gayaa, aur aadhikarik taur parr ack maheene baad seva mein pravesh kiya jaba soviyat nausena jack koo usa parr uthaaya gayaa thaa. seva mein unake pravesh parr, "kalinin" prashant bede key halke balon kii tukadi kaa pramukh bunn gayaa. unhone pandubbi rodhi vimaan dwara pradaan kiye gaye havaai aavaran key alawa, usury khaadi mein yuddh prashikshan kaa sanchaalan kiya, minesweeper, upa-lazer aur tarpedo naukaaon dwara jaanch kii gaee.
unhein 24 aprail 1943 koo soviyat key iss vishvaas key kaaran kii uttari bedaa apane german virodhiyon kii tulanaa mein kamjor thaa, uttari samudri maarg key madhyam seey vidhvansak key saath soviyat uttari bede mein sthanantaran key liye taiyar honey kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. vaha 25 juuna koo prasthaan karane vaali thee. maee key dauran, shipyard nam. mein yatra key liye vyaapak taiyari kii gaee thee. 202, jisamen hataane yogya blade key saath vishesh propeller kii sthaapana aur burf key dabaav kaa saamana karane key liye usake patwar koo majboot karna shamil thaa. 1 juuna koo binaa spashteekaran key sthanantaran radd honey key baad, "kalinin" koo drydock seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki parivartan maee 1944 taka baney rahey. 1945 mein manchuria key soviyat aakraman key dauran usaki marammat kii jaa rahee thee, operation mein shamil karane key liye nirdhaarit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
"kalinin" koo 1946 key dauran unake prashikshan pradarshan key liye prashant bede mein sarvshreshth jahaaj ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen unhone chaar puraskar jeete they. cruiser 17 janwari 1947 aur 23 maee 1953 key beach 5vein bede kaa hissa bunn gayaa jaba prashant bede koo asthaayi roop seey vibhajit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. vaha 1951 mein 5vein bede key commander, yuri pantilev key jhande key neeche bandook pareekshan key liye samudra mein gaee, jisamen sudur poorv mein balon key commander-inn-cheef, marshel raudian malinowski aur primorsky sainya jilaa commander, general sergie biriyuzov ney golibari kaa nireekshan kiya. "kalinin" ney octuber 1954 mein prashant bede kii apani yatra key dauran malinowski, nikita khrushchev, anastas mikoyan, nikolai bulganin aur admiral nikolai kuznetsov kii mejbani kii aur jaba way savaar they tou apani mukhya bandookon kaa pradarshan kiya. unhone yuddh key baad kii avadhi niyamit prashikshan missions parr bitaai jaba taka kii unhein 7 maee 1956 koo vladivostok mein mothball naheen kiya gayaa. 6 farwari 1960 koo nirastra honey aur ack tairate hue bairak mein parivartit honey seey pahale 1 disambar 1957 koo "kalinin" koo phir seey sakriya curr diyaa gayaa thaa, usa varsh key 14 march koo iska naam badalkar "pee. key. jaid-21" curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 10 agast koo scrapping key liye sovetskaya bhawan mein sthanantarit kiye jaane seey pahale, unhein 12 aprail 1963 koo bede seey maar diyaa gayaa thaa.

