pushmataha

pushmataha (see. 1764-24 disambar, 1824; pooshaavtah, pushamallah, yaa poosh mathah), "bhaaratiya general", 19veen shatabdi mein chocto key pramukh prabhagon key teen kshetriya pramukhon mein seey ack thaa. kaee itihaaskaar unhein "sabhi chunane vaale pramukhon mein sabse mahaan" maanate they. yuddh aur kootneeti donon mein apane kaushal aur chaalaak key liye pushmataha koo mool amerikiyon, europeeya aur shwet amerikiyon key beach atyadhik maanaa jaataa thaa.
gathbandhan key prastaavon koo aswikar karate hue aur tekamseh dwara prastaavit punah vijay, pushmataha ney 1812 key yuddh mein sanyukt raajya key paksh mein ladane key liye chocto kaa netritva kiya. unhone sanyukt raajya key saath kaee sandhiyon parr baatchit kii.
1824 mein, unhone sanghiya sarkaar koo aage key adhigrahan key khilaf yachika daayar karane key liye washington kii yatra kii; way johnn see seey mille. calhon aur markis dee lafayet, aur unakaa chitra charles burd king dwara chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. unaki mrityu rajdhani shahar mein hui aur unhein washington, dee mein congress key kabristan mein poorna sainya sammaan key saath dafnaya gayaa.see.
naam.
pushmataha key naam kaa sateek arth agyaat haye, halanki vidwan iss baat seey sahmat hain kii yeh "anta" key arth kaa sujhaav detaa haye. kaee sambhaavit vyutpattiyon kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa haih
praarambhik jeevan.
pushmataha kaa praarambhik jeevan kharaab tareeke seey pralekhit haye. usake maataa-pitaa agyaat hain, sambhavatah ack padosi janjaati dwara chhaape mein maare gaye. pushmataha ney kabhi apane poorvajon key baare mein baat naheen kii; unake mool kii ack kinvadanti bataai gaee theeh
ack baar uttari akash mein ack chhota saa baadal dekhaa gayaa thaa. yeh ack tej havaa seey pahale aaya, aur choktav desh koo andhere seey dhaka diyaa. isase ack krodhit aag uda gaee. yeh ack badey oak seey takaraaya, aur apane angon aur apane taney koo poori jameen parr bikher diyaa, aur usa sthaan seey yuddh key liye poori tarah seey sashastr ack yoddha paida huaa.
adhikansh itihaaskaar iss baat seey sahmat hain kii unakaa janm 1764 mein macken, mississippi, choktav desh key bhavishya key sthal key paas samanya tareeke seey huaa thaa.
jaba way 13 varsh key they, tou pushmataha ney khaadi key logon key khilaf yuddh ladaa. kuchh sroton kaa kahana haye kii unhein "eagle" kaa praarambhik yoddha naam diyaa gayaa thaa. 1784 aur 1789 key beach mississippi nadee key paschim mein oces aur cado janjaatiyon key saath yuddhon mein unaki bhagidari behtar pramaanit haye. unhone 1800 key pahale dashak mein anya sanghrshon mein ack yoddha key roop mein kaary kiya, aur taba taka ack yoddha key roop mein unaki pratishtha banaai gaee thee. yeye sangharsh unake pavitra sthal "nanih maaya" key aspas key paaramparik hiran-shikaar key maidanon key cumm honey key kaaran they. iss kshetra mein aabaadi badh gaee thee, aur europeeya logon key saath farr vyaapaar parr janjaatiyon key beach pratispardha ney hinsak sangharsh koo badhaa diyaa thaa. chocto ney hiranon key liye anya janjaatiyon key paaramparik shikaar key maidanon parr chhaapa maaraa. pushmataha key chhaape una kshetron mein faile joe arconsus aur oclahoma key raajya bunn jaayenge. unakaa anubhav aur bhoomi kaa gyaan baad mein americi sarkaar key saath una bhoomi key liye baatchit key liye amulya saabit hoga.
chhah nagaron key jile key pramukh.
1800 taka, pushmataha koo ack sainya aur aadhyatmik netaa key roop mein maanyata dee gaee thee, aur unhein "okla hanali" yaa chocto key chhah shaharon key jile key "mingo" (pramukh) key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa. (choktav janjaati key teen mein seey ack, yeh unake kshetra key dakshini bhaag koo cover kartaa haye, mukhya roop seey mississippi mein). unake teekhe tark, hasyapurna buddhi aur geetaatmak, vakpatu bolane kii shally ney unhein jaldi hii parishadon mein prasiddh curr diyaa. pushmataha ney kootneeti mein teji seey ack kendriya sthiti leey lii, 1802 mein fort confederation mein sanyukt raajya key rajdooton key saath pahali baithak kii. pushmataha ney 16 navambar, 1805 koo sanyukt raajya key saath mount dextor kii sandhi parr baatchit kii, aur rashtrapati key roop mein apane karyakal key dauran thomas jefferson seey mulakat kii.
1812 kaa yuddh.
1811 kii shuruat mein, tekamseh ney sanyukt raajya key basane vaalon seey bhoomi koo punarpraapt karane key apane british samarthit prayaas key liye samarthan praapt kiya. chhah shaharon key jile key pramukh key roop mein, pushmataha ney iss tarah kii yojana kaa dridhata seey virodh kiya, yeh ingit karate hue kii chuktav aur unake padosi chikasau hamesha europeeya amerikiyon key saath shaanti seey rahate they, moolyavaan kaushal aur praudyogikiyan seekhate they, aur unhein imandar vyavhaar aur nishpaksh vyaapaar praapt huaa thaa. sanyukt chockta-chikasau parishad ney tekamseh key saath gathbandhan key khilaf matdan kiya. jaba tekamseh chalaa gayaa, tou pushmataha ney usa parr apani hii shaani janjaati aur anya janjaatiyon parr atyachar kaa aarop lagaaya. unhone tekamseh koo chetavani dee kii vaha una logon key khilaf ladenge jinhone sanyukt raajya america seey ladaai ladee thee.
yuddh key prakop key saath, pushmataha ney sanyukt raajya key saath gathbandhan mein chocto kaa netritva kiya. unhone kille key mims mein narsamhar key baad britten key saath khaadi gathbandhan key khilaf tark diyaa. 1813 key madhya mein, pushamtaha sent mein chalaa gayaa. stephen, albama, gathbandhan aur yoddhaon kii bharti key prastaav key saath. unhein samanya flernoy key saath baat karane key liye mobile parr leey jaaya gayaa, phir jile kii kamaan sambhali. flernoy ney shuru mein pushamtaha key prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa aur pramukh koo naraj curr diyaa. flernoy key karmchaariyon ney jaldi seey general koo apane faisale koo ulatane key liye aashvast kiya. ack courier joe pushmataha key prastaav koo sweekaar karate hue ack sandesh leey jaa rhaa haye, sent mein pramukh key saath pakada gayaa. stephen.
chuktav kshetra mein lautate hue, pushmataha ney 500 yoddhaon kii ack company khadee kii. unhein sent sent mein sanyukt raajya kii senaa mein (leftinent curnell yaa brigadier general key roop mein) niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. stephen. yeh dekhane key baad kii adhikaari aur unaki patniyaan makbare kii nadee key kinare sair karenge, pushmataha ney apani patni koo sent key liye aamantrit kiya. stephen aur iss pratha mein bhaag liya.
brigadier general ferdinand claborne key tahat, pushmataha aur 150 choktav yoddhaon ney 23 disambar, 1813 koo pavitra bhoomi kii ladaai mein khaadi balon parr hamale mein bhaag liya, jise "kantachi" yaa "ikochaka" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. iss jeet key saath, choktav ney janjaati key anya dou jilon seey adhik sankhya mein swayamsevi kaary karna shuru curr diyaa. farwari 1814 taka, pushmataha ney chaucto key ack badey samooh kaa netritva kiya aur pensacola key paas khaadi kshetron koo saaf karane key liye general andru jackson key bull mein shamil hoe gaye. ghodon kii naal key modd parr khaadi kii antim haar key baad kaee chookto chaley gaye.
nyu orleans kii ladaai taka, senaa key paas kewal kuchh hii choktav reh gaye. way yuddh mein pratinidhitva karane vaali ekmatra mool americi janjaati theen. kuchh sroton kaa kahana haye kii unamen seey ack pushmataha thaa, jabaki anya asahmat they. ack anya choktav division pramukh, mushulatubbi ney iss ladaai mein apane lagbhag 50 yoddhaon kaa netritva kiya.
pushmataha koo ack sakht yuddh netaa key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, joe apane yoddhaon koo anushasana key saath marsh kartaa thaa. yuu.aiss. senaa key adhikaari unake netritva kaushal seey prabhaavit hocker unhein "bhaaratiya general" kahate they.
chocto key pramukh pramukh.
yuddhon seey lautane parr, pushmataha koo chocto rashtra kaa sarvopari pramukh chunaa gayaa. ack saanskritik roodhivaadi, pushmata ney protestant missionaryon key prayason kaa virodh kiya, joe 1818 mein choktav kshetra mein pahunche. lekin way amerikiyon seey naee takneekon aur upayogi prathaon koo seekhane key saath sahmat hue, jisamen kapas key dibbe, krishi prathaon aur sainya vishayon koo apnana shamil thaa. unhone apani sainya pension kaa adhikansh hissa ack chocto school pranali key vittaposhan key liye samarpit kiya, aur apane paanch bachchon koo yathasambhav shikshit kiya.
pushmataha ney sanyukt raajya america key saath dou aur bhoomi-riyayat sandhiyon parr baatchit kii. jabaki 24 octuber, 1816 kii sandhi koo cumm nuksan kii ganana kii gaee thee, joe mukhya roop seey shikaar key aadhar seey bunny thee, doek key stand kii sandhi (18 octuber, 1820 koo hastaaksharit) atyadhik vivadaspad thee. europeeya-americi basti chocto kii mukhya bhoomi parr atikraman curr rahee thee. haalaanki sarkaar ney bhavishya key arconsus aur oclahoma raajyon mein bhoomi key barabar key bhukhandon kii peshkash kii, lekin pushmataha koo pataa thaa kii bhoomi cumm upajaau thee aur europeeya-americi squatter pahale seey hii iss kshetra mein buss rahey they. "unhone bahut kootneeti kaa pradarshan kiya aur samanya key barabar vyaavsaayik kshamata dikhaai. jackson, jinake khilaf unhein khadaa kiya gayaa thaa, ack tej saudebaji mein."kathit taur parr, andreau jackson key saath ack tanaavpurna adaan-pradaan mein, unhone spasht vichaaron kaa adaan-pradaan kiyaah
sandhi key paath mein guaranti praapt karane key baad hii pushmataha ney hastakshar kiye kii america aarakshit bhoomi seey atikramankariyon koo bedkhal karega.
washington kii yatra.
1824 mein, pushmataha, bhaaratiya bhoomi key adhikaar kaa sammaan karane key liye sthaaniya adhikaariyon kii anichha aur niptan key pattern kaa atikraman karane key baare mein pareshan thaa. vaha apana mamla seedhe washington, dee mein sanghiya sarkaar key paas leey gayaa.see. dou anya kshetriya pramukhon (apukshunubi aur mosholatubbi) key ack pratinidhimandal kaa netritva karate hue, unhone yaa tou arconsus mein saunpe gaye bhoomi seey gorey basane vaalon koo nishkaasit karane, yaa aisee bhoomi key liye bhoomi mein muaavaje aur nakadi kii maang kii. samooh mein bolane vaale yoddha, laal kilaa, "nitahakaachi", cole shamil they. robert coley aur david faulsom, donon mishrit-daud chocto; kaptan daniel mccurtin; aur mejar johnn pitchleen (ack chocto seey vivaahit), aadhikarik yuu.aiss. dubhashiya.
pratinidhimandal ney nashville key liye natches trace kii yatra karane kii yojana banaai, phir lexington aur mesville, kentucky; ohiyo nadee key paar (jise shaani dwara "spyvithepy" kahaa jaataa haye) chilikothe, ohiyo (shaani kaa poorv pramukh shahar); aur poorv mein "rashtriya rajmarg" key saath washington shahar kii yatra karane kii yojana banaai.
pushmataha ney rashtrapati james monro seey mulakat kii aur yuddh sachiv johnn see koo ack bhaashan diyaa. kalhaun. unhone kalhaun koo sanyukt raajya america aur chocto key beach lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey gathbandhanon kii yaad dilaaee. unhone kahaa, "[main] sach kaha sakata huun aur bataa sakata huun kii kissy bhee chookto ney kabhi bhee sanyukt raajya key khilaf apana dhanush naheen kheencha... merey rashtra ney apane desh koo taba taka diyaa haye jaba taka kii yeh bahut chhota naheen hoe gayaa. humm musibat mein hain."(havit 1995:51-52)
washington mein rahate hue, pushamtaha charles burd king key chitra key liye apani senaa kii vardi mein baithe they; yeh 1865 taka smithsonian sansthaan mein latka huaa thaa. jabaki mool usa varsh aag seey nasht hoe gayaa thaa, kaee print banaae gaye they. yeh pushmataha kii sabse prasiddh samaantaa bunn gaee haye. mukhya pushmataha ney marquis dee lafayet seey bhee mulakat kii, joe washington jaa rahey they.see. aakhiri baar. pushmataha ney lafayet koo ack saathi vriddh yoddha key roop mein sammaanit kiya, joe videshi honey key bavjood americi kaaran mein uchch khyaati praapt kii.
mrityu aur dafan.
disambar 1824 mein, pushmataha ney ack viral shwasan sankraman praapt kiya, jise phir croup kahaa jaataa haye. vaha jaldi hii gambhir roop seey beemar hoe gaye aur andreau jackson ney unase mulakat kii. apane mrityushayya parr, pushmataha ney pratibimbit kiya kii rashtriya rajdhani marane key liye ack achchi jagah thee. pushmataha key chune hue sahayak kii bhee washington, dc seey vartamaan mississippi mein choktav lands kii vaapsee yatra parr achaanak mrityu hoe gaee.
pushmataha ney unake antim sanskar key liye poorna sainya sammaan kaa anurodh kiya, aur unake prabhaavon key baare mein vishisht nirdesh diye. unake antim darj shabd yeye theh
main marane vaalaa huun, lekin tum hamaare desh lautoge. jaba aap raaste parr jaayenge, tou aap foolon koo dekhenge, aur pakshiyon koo gaate hue sunenge; lekin pushamtaha unhein aur naheen dekhega aur naa hii sunega. jaba aap ghar pahunchenge tou way aapse poochhenge, 'pushamtaha kahaan haye?'aur aap unase kahenge,' vaha abb naheen haye.'way aapke shabdon koo sunenge kyonki way aadhi raat key jangal kii khamoshi mein mahaan oak key girane kaa kaam karenge.
24 disambar, 1824 koo pushmataha kii mrityu hoe gaee. anurodh key anusaar, unhein yuu key ack brigadier general key roop mein poorna sainya sammaan key saath dafnaya gayaa thaa.aiss. senaa, washington mein congress key kabristan mein. vaha vahaan dafanaae gaye dou mool americi pramukhon mein seey ack hain, doosara peater pitchlin haye, joe ack chocto bhee haye.
oopari aksharon mein utkeern unakaa upakhyan iss prakaar haih
rashtriya buddhijivi" ney 28 disambar, 1824 koo unaki mrityu parr report kiyaah
shukravaar koo, 24vein dinn, bhaaratiya logon key chocto rashtra key pramukh, pooshamtaha, apane saahasik bhaashan aur sanyukt raajya america key prati apane lagaav key liye pratishthit they. hamari dakshini seema parr yuddh key anta mein, unhone jaldi seey nirnay liya aur kabr parr kamjor aur alag-thalag bastiyon key paksh mein khade honey kaa faisala kiya, aur unhone unake saath aur unake liye ladanaa jaari rakhaa, jabaki unake paas maidan mein ack dushman thaa. usaki haddiyaan usake ghar seey kuchh doori parr aaraam karengi, lekin logon kii god mein vaha pyaar karane key liye khush thaa. ack achchha shikaar kaa maidan ack aur aur behtar duniya mein usaki udaar bhavna kaa intezar curr sakata haye. sanyukt raajya america key samudri core dwara aur milicia kii kaee vardidhari companiyon dwara unake avasheshon koo sainya sammaan kaa bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa.
hampshire rajpatra (maa)", zaan. 5, 1825 mein bataaya gayaah
washington shahar mein, pusha-aeye-maa-taa-haa, bhaartiyon key choktav rashtra key ack jile key pramukh pramukh. yeh pramukh apane vyaktigat saahas aur yuddh mein kaushal key liye ullekhaniya thaa, joe 24 ladaaiyon mein lagaa huaa thaa, jinamen seey kaee senadhyaksh kii kamaan mein ladee gaee theen. jackson.
uttaradhikari.
chhah maheene kii avadhi haye jisamen chhah shaharon key pramukh kaa koee dastavej darj naheen haye; haalaanki, mukhya pushmataha key bhatije, tappenahoma koo pushmataha mein safal honey key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye. juuna 1825 key patrachar mein iss sthiti mein tappenahoma koo soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye. kaee chaucto itihas ney tapanahoma koo samanya hummingbird key saath bhramit kiya haye, jisaki mrityu 23 disambar, 1827 koo 75 varsh kii ayu mein hui thee. 28 sitambar, 1828 koo tapanahoma key ack patra mein unake chaacha pushmataha kaa ullekh haye. iss samay choktav rashtra grih yuddh key bindu parr thaa; david faulsom dwara samarthit gutt ney 11 octuber, 1828 taka tappenahoma koo badalane key liye johnn garland koo chunaa. "nittakechi" (dinn-prolonger) gungunaate hue pakshi key uttaradhikari baney aur naachate khargosh khaadi kii sandhi key dauran jile key pramukh they.
parivaar.
kaee itihaaskaar gideon linscom key ack uddharan kaa upayog karate hain, jinhone kahaa kii pushmataha ack anath thaa jiska koee parivaar naheen thaa; lekin, george strother gains aur heinry cells helbert donon ney apane parivaar kaa ullekh kiya haye. mississippi aitihaasik samaaj key prakashanon, khand 6" mein, halbert ney nahomatima naamak ack bahan kaa ullekh kiya haye, joe tappenahoma kii maan aur oka laah homma (unake noton seey) haye. genn usa bhatije kaa ullekh kartaa haye joe pushmataha mein safal huaa, lekin naam naheen detaa haye. halbert ney apani jaankaari pratham aur dwiteeya khaaton seey praapt kii, aur vyaktigat gyaan seey laabh praapt kiya. halanki linscom chockta key beach rahate they, way likhate hain kii way kewal teen yaa chaar avsaron parr pramukh seey mille, jabaki way mukhya mosholatubbi key paas rahate they. gideon linscom ney joe likhaa, unamen seey adhikansh dusaron dwara pradaan kii gaee jaankaari seey aaya thaa.
nritya khargosh khaadi kii sandhi key poorak mein pushmataha kii vidhvaaon kaa ullekh haye. kewal ack vidhwa koo sandhi dwara unhein guaranteekrit bhoomi praapt honey key roop mein pralekhit kiya gayaa haye. jaba usane aur usake teen bachchon ney baad mein jameen betch dee, tou uska naam vilekh mein teen alag-alag vartani mein darj kiya gayaah "immahoka", "loonback/loonback", aur "gemsacaco"."kuchh loga pramukh key vanshaj honey kaa daavaa karate hain, lekin unake bachchon kii sankhya kaa ekmatra record charles lanman dwara haye, jinhone likhaa thaa kii paanch they. lanman ney sambhavatah apane bayaan koo thompson mckinny key noton parr adharit kiya, joe kaee varshon seey chocto key beach reh rahey they. mckinny ney 1830 mein james ell koo ack patra likhaa thaa. mcdonald, mississippi key hinds county mein ack chocto vakeel, pushmataha key baare mein likhane mein apani ruchi key baare mein.
navambar 1818 key albama congress key patron mein ack bete kaa ullekh kiya gayaa thaa. unake bachche theh

