guo moruo

guo moruo (; 16 navambar, 1892-12 juuna, 1978), saujanya naam dingtang (), ack cheeni lekhak, kavi, itihaaskaar, puraatatvavid aur sarkari adhikaari they.
jeevani.
parivarik itihas.
guo moro, jiska mool naam guo kaizen thaa, kaa janm 10 yaa 16 navambar koo shawan key chhote seey shahar mein huaa thaa, joe dadu nadee parr sthit haye, jise taba giading (luu) (chiyaa-ting (luu)) shahar kahaa jaataa thaa, aur abb yeh sichuan praant mein praant star key shahar leshan kaa kendriya shahari kshetra haye.
guo key janm key samay, shawan lagbhag 180 parivaaron kaa ack shahar thaa.
guo key pitaa key poorvaj fujian kii paschimi seema key paas tingjhou phoo mein ninghua county key hakkas they. 17veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein way sichuan chaley gaye, jaba sichuan ney apani adhikansh aabaadi jhaang zianjhong (1605-1647) key vidrohiyon/bandiyon key haathon khou dee thee. parivarik kinvadanti key anusaar, guo key poorvaj sichuan mein kewal aisee sampatti laae they joe way apani peeth parr rakh sakate they. guo key pardada, guo zianlin, parivaar mein samriddhi kii degree hassil karane vaale pahale vyakti they. guo zianlin key beton ney guo kabile koo sthaaniya nadee nauvahan vyavasaay key netaaon key roop mein sthaapit kiya, aur iss prakaar sichuan key usa poore kshetra mein mahatvapurna loga. tabhi guo kabile key sadasya apane bachchon koo school bhejane mein saksham hue.
guo key pitaa, jinka naam sambhavatah guo minguxing (1854-1939) hoe sakata haye, koo 13 saal kii umr mein school chhodana padaa aur phir ack namak key kuein mein prashikshu key roop mein chhah maheene bitaane padey. isake baad unhone apane pitaa key vyavasaay mein pravesh kiya, ack chatur aur chatur vyakti jinhone ack cheeni chikitsa chikitsak key roop mein kuchh sthaaniya prasiddhi hassil kii, tail, afeem, sharaab aur anaaj mein safaltapurvak vyaapaar kiya aur paise badalane kaa vyavasaay chalaaya. unaki vyaavsaayik safalata ney unhein parivaar kii achal sampatti aur namak kii sampatti badhaane mein madad kii.
isake vipareet, guo kii maan ack vidwan-aadhikarik prishthabhoomi seey aaee theen. vaha doo zauzang kii betty thee, joe pratishthit "jinshi" degree kii dhaarak thee. huangping praant () mein ack karyavahak magistrate key roop mein seva karate hue, joe abb purvi guijhou mein kiandongnan miao aur dong swaayatt praant kaa hissa haye, 1858 mein miao vidrohiyon seey ladate hue doo kii mrityu hoe gaee, jaba unaki betty (guo moro kii bhaavi maan) ack saal seey bhee cumm umr kii thee. unhone 1872 mein guo parivaar mein shaadi kii, jaba way chaudah varsh kii theen.
bachpan.
guo apani maan kii aathvin santan thee. unake teen bhaai-bahan unake janm seey pahale hii marr chuke they, lekin baad mein aur bachche paida hue, isaliye jaba taka way school gaye, unake saat bhaai-bahan they.
guo kaa bachpan kaa naam guo wenbao ("kheti kiya gayaa tendua") bhee thaa, joe usa raat usake maan key sapane key kaaran diyaa gayaa thaa jaba vaha garbhavati thee.
guo key janm seey kuchh saal pahale, usake maataa-pitaa ney apane bachchon key liye shiksha pradaan karane key liye ack niji shikshak, shein huanjhang koo banaae rakhaa, iss ummeed mein kii way baad mein sivil seva pareekshaon mein utteern honge. ack poorv-gambhir bachche, guo ney 1897 key vasant mein saadhe chaar saal kii umr mein iss "parivarik vidyalaya" mein adhyayan karna shuru curr diyaa. shuru mein, unaki padhaai cheeni classics parr adharit thee, lekin 1901 key sarkari shiksha sudhaaron key saath, ganit aur anya aadhunik vishayon koo pesh kiya jaanaa shuru hoe gayaa.
1903 key anta mein jaba sichuan kii rajdhani chengdu mein kaee saarvajanik vidyalaya sthaapit kiye gaye, tou guo bachchon ney vahaan adhyayan karane jaanaa shuru curr diyaa. guo key sabse badey bhaai, guo kywen (1877-1936), unamen seey ack mein pravesh kiya, dongwen zuetang, ack maadhyamik vidyalaya joe japan mein adhyayan key liye chhatron koo taiyar curr rhaa thaa; agala sabse badaa bhaai, guo kaizo, ack sainya vidyalaya, wubei zuetang mein shamil hoe gayaa. guo caven jald hii apane bhaai aur bahanon koo aadhunik pustakon aur patrikaon key saamane ujagar karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaane lagey, jisase way baahar kii vyaapak duniya key baare mein zaan sakey.
guo caven apane chhote bhaaiyon key liye ack aadarsh baney rahey jaba farwari 1905 mein way praantiya sarkaar kii chhatravritti parr tokyo imperial vishvavidyalaya mein kaanoon aur prashaasan kaa adhyayan karane key liye japan key liye ravaana hue.
pratiyogi pareekshaon mein utteern honey key baad, 1906 kii shuruat mein guo moruo ney nae uchch-stariya praathamik vidyalaya () mein bhaag lena shuru kiya. yeh ack boarding school thaa joe ack poorv bauddh mandir mein sthit thaa aur ladka parisar mein rahata thaa. way 1907 mein ack maadhyamik vidyalaya mein gaye, iss samay taka ack akaadamik roop seey pratibhashali chhaatr kii pratishtha praapt curr lii, lekin ack pareshani paida karane vaale they. unake sathiyon ney unakaa sammaan kiya aur aksar unhein school prashaasan key saamane apane hiton kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye ack pratinidhi chunaa. aksar chhaatr-sankaay sanghrshon kaa netritva karate hue, unhein nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa aur kuchh baar bahaal curr diyaa gayaa, aur anta mein octuber 1909 mein sthaayi roop seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa.
guo koo nishkaasit kiye jaane parr khushi hui, kyonki abb usake paas apani shiksha jaari rakhane key liye praantiya rajdhani chengdu jaane kaa kaaran thaa.
octuber 1911 mein, guo apani maan dwara yeh ghoshana karke aashcharyachakit hoe gaye kii unake liye shaadi kii vyavastha kii gaee thee. vaha apane parivaar kii ichchhaon key saath gayaa, march 1912 mein apani niyukt dulhan, jhaang jinghua seey shaadi kii, joe saavan mein dikhaai naheen dee. turant, usey iss shaadi kaa pachtawa huaa, aur shaadi key paanch dinn baad, vaha apana paitrik ghar chhod curr chengdu laut aaya, apani patni koo peechhe chhod diyaa. usane kabhi bhee aupchaarik roop seey usey talaak naheen diyaa, lekin jahir haye kii vaha kabhi bhee usake saath naheen rhaa.
videsh mein adhyayan karein.
apane badey bhaaiyon key baad, guo ney disambar 1913 mein chean chhod diyaa, janwari 1914 kii shuruat mein japan pahunche. tokyo mein praarambhik adhyayan key ack saal baad, unhone okama mein chhathe uchch vidyalaya mein pravesh kiya. 1916 kii garmiyon mein tokyo mein sent luke aspatal mein bharti apane ack dost key paas jaane parr, guo koo ack isai parivaar kii ack japani mahila, saato tomico seey pyaar hoe gayaa, joe ack chhaatr nurse key roop mein aspatal mein kaam karati thee. saato unaki aam-kanuni patni bunn jaayegi. yuddh shuru honey taka unhein 20 saal taka ack saath rehna thaa aur ack saath paanch bachche paida karane they.
okema school seey snaatak honey key baad, guo ney 1918 mein fukuoka mein kyushu imperial vishvavidyalaya key medical school mein pravesh kiya. haalaanki, unhein chikitsa seey adhik saahitya mein adhik ruchi thee. iss samay unaki padhaai videshi bhasha aur saahitya parr kendrit thee, arthaat spinoza, goethe, walt whiteman aur nobel puraskar vijeta ravinder naath tagor kii kritiyaan. kaee anuvaadon key saath, unhone apani kavitaon kaa pahala sankalan prakaashit kiya, jiska sheershak thaa "devi" (1921). unhone shanghai mein nirmaan samaaj () kii saha-sthaapana kii, jisane aadhunik aur sthaaniya saahitya koo badhaava diyaa.
yuddh key varshon.
guo 1927 mein cheeni communist party mein shamil hoe gaye. way communist nanchang vidroh mein shamil they aur isaki viphalata key baad japan bhaag gaye. way vahaan 10 saal taka cheeni pracheen itihas kaa adhyayan karate rahey. usa samay key dauran unhone orecal haddiyon aur kansya paatron parr shilalekhon parr apana kaam prakaashit kiya, "dou zau rajvanshon key kansya parr shilalekhon kaa sangrah" (). iss kaary mein, unhone saamyavaadi siddhant key anusaar, pracheen chean kii "daas samaaj" prakriti koo pradarshit karane kaa prayaas kiya. chean key gulam samaaj" parr unakaa siddhant atyadhik vivadaspad banaa huaa haye, halanki maao jedong aur party dwara isaki prashansa kii gaee thee.
1937 kii garmiyon mein, marco polo pull kii ghatana key turant baad, guo japan virodhi pratirodh mein shamil honey key liye chean laut aaya. saato tomico aur unake bachchon koo chean mein unake saath shamil karane kii vyavastha karane kaa unakaa prayaas japani adhikaariyon dwara nirash kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1939 mein unhone ack shanghai abhinetri seey punarvivah kiya. yuddh key baad, saato usake saath phir seey milane gayaa, lekin yeh jaankar nirash huaa kii usane pahale hii ack nayaa parivaar banaa liya thaa.
ack saamyavaadi netaa key roop mein.
chean key janvaadi ganarajya mein mahatvapurna sarkari karyalayon key saath-saath, guo ack vipul lekhak they, naa kewal kavita key balki kalpana, naatak, aatmakatha, anuvaad aur aitihaasik aur daarshanik granthon key bhee. way cheeni vigyaan akadami key pahale adhyaksh they aur 1949 mein isaki sthaapana seey 1978 mein apani mrityu taka baney rahey. way chean key vigyaan aur praudyogiki vishvavidyalaya (yuu. aiss. tii. see.) key pahale adhyaksh bhee they, joe cheeni vigyaan akadami (cases) dwara sthaapit ack nae prakaar kaa vishvavidyalaya haye, joe chean key janvaadi ganarajya kii sthaapana key baad sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa aur jiska uddeshya vigyaan aur praudyogiki key kshetra mein uchch-stariya karmiyon koo badhaava denaa thaa.
pee. aar. see. key pahale 15 varshon key liye, cheeni itihas aur sanskriti key apane vyaapak gyaan key saath, guo kalaa, shiksha aur saahitya seey sambandhit daarshanik mamalon key antim madhyasth they, halanki unaki sabhi sabse mahatvapurna aur mahatvapurna kritiyaan 1949 seey pahale likhi gaee theen.
1966 mein saanskritik kranti kii shuruat key saath, guo utpeedan kaa praarambhik lakshya bunn gayaa. chehra bachaane key liye, unhone ack saarvajanik aatm-aalochana likhi aur ghoshana kii kii unake pichhale sabhi kaam trutipurna they aur unhein jalaa diyaa jaanaa chaahiye. isake baad unhone maao kii patni jiang king aur saanskritik kranti kii prashansa karate hue kavita likhane kii or rukh kiya aur poorv doston aur sahyogiyon koo prati-krantikari key roop mein ninda kii. haalaanki, yeh unake parivaar kii raksha key liye paryaapt naheen thaa. unake dou bete, guo minying aur guo shiying, ney 1967 aur 1968 mein laal rakshakon dwara "aalochana" yaa utpeedan key baad "aatmahatya curr lii".
maao key prati apani chhadm nishtha key kaaran, way saanskritik kranti seey butch gaye aur aprail 1969 mein 9veen party congress mein adhyaksh dwara prashansa praapt kii. 1970 key dashak kii shuruat taka, unhone apana adhikansh prabhaav phir seey hassil curr liya thaa. unhone sarvocch shreni key party abhijaat varg key sabhi visheshadhikaron kaa anand liya, jisamen ack baar ack king adhikaari key swaamitva vaale ack shandar jagir ghar mein nivaas, ack niyukt sevakon kaa ack karmchari, ack raajya limosine aur anya laabh shamil they. guo ney apane ghar mein pracheen furniture aur vichitra vastuon kaa ack badaa sangrah bhee rakhaa.
1978 mein, maao kii mrityu aur chaar logon key giroh key girane key baad, 85 varsheeya guo ney, jaba vaha beijing key ack aspatal mein marr rhaa thaa, giroh kii ninda karate hue ack kavita likhi.
safed huddy vaalaa rakshas ming-yug key upanyaas "paschim kii yatra" mein ack charitra thaa, joe ack dusht aakriti parivartan karane vaalaa thaa, aur jiang king key liye ack lokpriya apmaanjanak upnaam thaa.
guo koo 1951 mein stallin shaanti puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
viraasat.
cheeni samkaaleen saahitya, itihas aur puraatatva mein guo koo uchch sammaan diyaa jaataa thaa. unhone ack baar khud koo cheeni jawab kahaa aur iss mulyankan koo vyaapak roop seey sweekaar kiya gayaa. zau yang ney kahaah "aap goethe hain, lekin aap chean key nae samajwadi yug key goethe hain."(" ")
apani uplabdhiyon key bavjood, unaki aalochana "chaar samkaaleen besherm lekhakon" mein seey pahale key roop mein bhee kii gaee thee. udaaharan key liye, unhone maao jedong key sulekh key baare mein iss hudd taka baat kii kii party netaa ney galati seey joe likhaa thaa, usey unhone uchit thaharaaya. aur saanskritik kranti key dauran, unhone "lii baaee aur doo phoo" naamak ack pustak prakaashit kii, jisamen unhone lii baaee kii prashansa kii, jabaki doo phoo koo kamtar bataaya, jise chaplusi vaalaa maanaa jaataa thaa. chaar logon key giroh key prati uska ravaiya isake patan seey pahale aur baad mein teji seey badal gayaa.
apane niji jeevan mein, vaha kaee mahilaaon key saath sambandh rakhane key liye bhee jaane jaate they, jinhen unhone kuchh hii samay baad chhod diyaa thaa. unamen seey ack, lii chain () ney kathit taur parr apane vishvaasghaat key baad aatmahatya curr lii, halanki yeh vivaadit haye.
parivaar.
guo key saato tomico key saath paanch bachche (chaar bete aur ack betty) they aur yuu likun (chaar bete aur dou betiyaan) key saath chhah bachche they. 2000 key dashak mein prakaashit ack lekh mein kahaa gayaa thaa kii gyaarah mein seey aathh jeevit they, aur teen kii mrityu hoe gaee haye.
saato tomico key saath (janm key crum mein kalanukramik roop seey soochibaddh):
yuu likun key saath (janm key crum mein kalanukramik roop seey soochibaddh):
granth soochi.
yeh ack chuninda granth soochi haye. ack poorna granth soochi mill sakati haih "cheeni saahitya key liye ack chayanaatmak guide, 1900-1949", jise milena dolezelova-velingrova aitt all dwara sampaadit kiya gayaa haye. 
aatmakatha.
guo ney nau aatmakathaatmak kritiyaan likheenh 

