
nimbu kaanoon

nimbu kaanoon way kaanoon hain joe kaaron aur anya upabhokta vastuon key kharidaaron key liye ack upaay pradaan karate hain taaki una utpaadon kii bharpai kii jaa sakey joe baar-baar gunavatta aur pradarshan key manakon koo puuraa karane mein whiffle rahate hain. halanki kaee prakaar key utpaad doshpurna hoe sakate hain, lekin "leman" shabd kaa upayog jyaadaatar doshpurna motor vaahanon, jaise kaaron, trucks aur motorcycles kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
sanyukt raajya america.
raajya key kaanoon key tahat pratyek yuu key saath leman low sanrakshan utpann hotaa haye.aiss. raajya aur kolambiya jile kaa apana nimbu kaanoon haye. halanki sateek mandand raajya key anusaar bhinn hotey hain, nae vaahan nimbu kaanoonon key anusaar ack vaahan nirmaata koo ack aise vaahan koo phir seey kharidana chaahiye jisamen ack mahatvapurna dosh hoe jise nirmaata uchit samay key bheetar thheek karane mein asamarth hoe. leman low vaahan key saath samasya kii prakriti, usee yaantrik samasya kii seva key liye vaahan upabhokta key liye anupalabdh dinon kii sankhya aur marammat key prayason kii sankhya parr vichaar karate hain. yadi raajya key kaanoon mein varnit kull dinon key bheetar marammat poori naheen kii jaa sakati haye, tou nirmaata doshpurna vaahan koo vaapas khareedane key liye baadhya hoe jaataa haye. lokpriya dhaarana key vipareet, dealership kaa vaahan koo vaapas khareedane kaa koee daayitva naheen haye, kyonki dealership vaahan kii warranty naheen detee haye, nirmaata kartaa haye.
leman low aise upchaar pradaan karate hain joe vaahan nirmaata kii warranty key dayare seey adhik hain. jabaki ack nirmaata kii warranty ack vaahan nirmaata koo upabhokta koo binaa kissy laagat key marammat karane key liye baadhya curr sakati haye, warranty mein marammat key puuraa honey key liye adhikatam samay avadhi shamil naheen haye, aur naa hii way khareed-vaapsee praavdhaanon koo trigger karate hain yadi marammat aisee samay avadhi key bheetar poori naheen kii jaa sakati haye.
kuchh raajya key nimbu kaanoon kewal kuchh vargon key vaahanon koo shamil karate hain, jaise kii vyaktigat upayog key liye khareede gaye vaahan lekin vyaavsaayik upayog key liye naheen, yaa ack nishchit sakal vajan key tahat vaahan. kuchh raajyon mein atirikt roop seey adhik seemit nimbu kaanoon hain joe upayog kiye gaye vaahanon koo shamil karate hain. newyork raajya ack aisaa raajya haye jahan prayukt kaar leman kaanoon haye. kuchh raajyon mein nimbu kaanoon hain joe paltu jaanvaron kii khareed parr lagu hotey hain. california mein ack vyaapak leman kaanoon haye, joe geet-hamesha upabhokta warranty adhiniyam haye, jisamen vaahan, naav, electronics aur upkaranon sahit utpaadon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala shamil haye. california apane nimbu kaanoonon kaa vistaar sakriya sainya karmiyon koo dusare raajya mein vaahan khareedane key baad raajya mein sthanantarit karane key liye kartaa haye.
sanghiya kaanoon.
utpaad kii khareed key liye dou prakaar kii warranty hoti hain, express warranty aur nihit warranty. spasht warranty utpaad kii marammat key baare mein vishisht vaade karati hain, aur aamtaur parr likhit roop mein kii jaati hain. nirmaataon dwara malik kii niyamavali aur anya likhit bikri yaa vipanan samagri mein ack spasht warranty pradaan kii jaa sakati haye. gunavatta key kuchh nyuntam manakon koo puuraa karane key liye ack nirmaata key kartavya seey nihit warranty utpann hoti haye jisake tahat utpaad ichchit uddeshya key liye upayog key liye upayukt hotaa haye. ack nihit warranty bikri seey hii utpann hoti haye, aur likhit roop mein honey kii aavashyakta naheen haye. pratyek prakaar mein nirmaata dosh koo thheek karane key liye daayitva aur jimmedaari letaa haye aur, yadi way usa shulk koo puuraa naheen curr sakate hain, tou utpaad koo phir seey khareedane yaa badalane kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.
magneson-moss warranty adhiniyam koo 1975 mein ack sanghiya kaanoon key roop mein adhiniyamit kiya gayaa thaa, aur sabhi raajyon key nagrikon kii raksha kartaa haye, yeh sunishchit karane key liye kii nirmaata apani warranty kaa sammaan karate hain aur iss sambhavana koo cumm karane key liye kii ack upabhokta koo khareed karate samay warranty kii prakriti aur dayare key baare mein gumrah kiya jaayega. yeh adhiniyam motor vaahanon aur upkaranon sahit upabhokta utpaadon kii khareed taka faila huaa haye. adhiniyam mein yeh bhee praavdhaan haye kii yuddhakarta ack safal mukadame mein prachalit paksh key vakeel koo bhugtan karane key liye baadhya hoe sakata haye, jaisa kii adhikansh raajya key nimbu kaanoon karate hain. ack upabhokta raajya key nimbu kaanoon aur magneson-moss warranty adhiniyam donon key tahat raahat praapt curr sakata haye.
raajya key kaanoon key tahat spasht aur nihit warranty kaa astitva, daira aur parinam bhinn hoe sakate hain, aur vastuon kii bikri key liye warranty koo aksar samaan vaanijyik sanhita key anuchhed II dwara sambodhit kiya jaayega. magneson-moss warranty adhiniyam binaa warranty key khareede gaye utpaad key kharidar kii raksha naheen karega, jaise kii "jaisa haye" yaa "sabhi doshon key saath" kharida gayaa utpaad, lekin ack upabhokta kii raksha curr sakata haye jise warranty kii suraksha koo maaf karane mein gumrah kiya gayaa thaa.
australia.
australiyai kaar khareed australiyai upabhokta kaanoon (acl) key tahat sanrakshit hain. aeye. see. ell. koo haal hii mein diye gaye spashteekaran ney ack baad key nimbu kaanoon kaa gathan kiya haye joe upbhoktaon koo dhanwapasi yaa pratisthaapan kaa adhikaar detaa haye jaba "isamen kaee chhoti samasyaaen hoti hain, jaba ise samagr roop seey liya jaataa haye, tou kissy koo ise khareedane seey roque diyaa jaataa aggar way unake baare mein jaanate hotey. jaba ack kaar kii badee viphalata hoti haye, tou upabhokta dhanwapasi yaa pratisthaapan key hakdar hotey hain, jaisa kii acl dwara paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, lekin aam taur parr unhein kewal chhoti samasyaon key roop mein chhod dete hain taaki kaar koo badalane yaa upabhokta koo dhanwapasi seey bachaa jaa sakey kyonki chhoti samasyaon key liye kewal uchit samay key bheetar marammat kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
upabhokta vaahan nirmaataon koo doshpurna vaahanon koo vaapas khareedane key liye manaane kii koshish karane key liye rachanaatmak upaay karane key liye jaane jaate hain. raani kii sansad ney nae motor vaahanon key liye upabhokta nimbu kaanoon kii aavashyakta parr ack jaanch kii. jaanch key nishkarshon kii ack report navambar 2015 mein prakaashit kii gaee thee.
kanada.
kanadai motor vaahan madhyasthata yojana (camwap) kanadai logon key liye vivaad samadhan karyakram haye jinhen apane vaahan kii assembly yaa nirmaata dwara apani naee vaahan warranty koo lagu karane key tareeke seey samasya haye. camwap mein nae aur upayog kiye gaye, swaamitva vaale aur patte parr diye gaye vaahan shamil hain joe vartamaan model varsh seey laker atirikt chaar model varshon taka hain.
camwap upbhoktaon key liye muft haye, aur sunavaai upabhokta key gharelu samudaay mein aayojit kii jaati haye. prakriya mein aam taur parr shuru seey anta taka 70 dinon seey bhee cumm samay lagata haye. adhikansh upabhokta vakeelon kii sahaayata key binaa apane mamle koo sambhaalane mein saksham hain. nirmaata vakeelon kaa upayog naheen karate hain. unake pratinidhi aamtaur parr sewarat yaa sevaanivritt jilaa bhaagon aur seva pratinidhiyon hotey hain. vaahan kaa nireekshan aam taur parr madhyasthata sunavaai kaa hissa hotaa haye aur yadi aisaa karane kii aavashyakta haye tou madhyasth karyakram key kharch parr vaahan key takniki nireekshan kaa adesh dey sakata haye.
camwap madhyasth nirmaata koo vaahan vaapas khareedane kaa adesh dey sakate hain; nirmaata key kharch parr isaki marammat; pahale seey hii poori kii gaee marammat key liye bhugtan; yaa vaahan key saath samasya seey sambandhit vastuon jaise kii toing, naidaanik pareekshan, kiraaye kii kaaron aur awas key liye jeb seey kharch kaa bhugtan curr sakate hain. madhyasth yeh bhee nirdhaarit curr sakata haye kii nirmaata kaa koee daayitva naheen haye.
camviap sabhi kanadai praanton aur kshetron mein upalabdh haye.
europeeya sangh.
ee. yuu. mein, viniyaman 2017/2394 aur nirdesh 2009/22 see. ee. aur nirdesh 1999/44 see. ee. koo badalane key liye, "vikretaon aur upbhoktaon key beach vastuon kii bikri key anubandhon parr niyam" janwari 2022 seey lagu hotey hain.
france.
france mein, vastuon kii antarrashtriya bikri key anubandhon parr sanyukt rashtra sammelan key sambandh mein, "guaranti days vices kaache aine droit frankeis" kharidar koo avyakt dosh seey bachaata haye.
singapur.
upabhokta sanrakshan kaanoonon koo majboot karane key liye 1 sitambar, 2012 koo singapur kii sansad mein isi tarah kaa "nimbu kaanoon" paarit kiya gayaa thaa. singapur kaa nimbu kaanoon sabhi vastuon (upbhogya aur kharaab honey vaali vastuon sahit) parr lagu hotaa haye lekin yeh sevaaon parr lagu naheen hotaa haye.
kaanoon key tahat, upabhokta delivery key chhah maheene key bheetar ack doshpurna vastu kii report curr sakate hain aur yeh saabit karna khudra vikreta kii jimmedaari haye kii delivery key samay dosh maujood naheen thaa. upabhokta key paas marammat yaa pratisthaapan key liye anurodh karane kaa vikalp hoe sakata haye, aur yadi yeh sambhav naheen haye, tou keemat mein kamee yaa yahaan taka kii dhanwapasi key liye bhee kahein.
phillippeans.
phillippeans mein, nimbu kaanoon 2014 mein paarit kiya gayaa thaa. nimbu kaanoon kewal nae vaahanon koo shamil kartaa haye.

