
satya daavaa (photography)

satya daavaa, photography mein, ack shabd haye jiska upayog prachalit vishvaas kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye kii paaramparik tasveeren vaastaviktaa koo sateek roop seey darshaati hain. vaha kahate hain kii satya daavaa tasveeron kii anukramanika aur drishya sateekta donon parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
anukramanika.
charles pears kaa shabd 'anukramanika' photo khinchwane vaali vastu aur parinami chhavi key beach bhautik sambandh koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. paul levinson ack rasayanik prakriya key madhyam seey "vaastavik duniya seey ack shaabdik oorjaa vinyas" koo pakadane yaa pratibimbit karane key liye photography kii kshamata parr jore dete hain. photographic nakaratmak parr prakaash samvedansheel payas ack cameray key lens aur diaphram seey gujarane vaale prakaash dwara parivartit hoe jaataa haye. levinson ney tasveer kii iss visheshta koo isaki vastunishthata aur vishvasaniyata seey sambandhit kiya haye, aur bajin key iss vishvaas koo pratidhwanit kiya haye kii photography vyaktiparakta key "paap" seey mukt haye.
isi tarah kaa tark stephen magwire dwara chalchitron key liye diyaa gayaa haye. lev manovic cinema koo "soochkaank kii kalaa" kaa label lagaate hain, isaki paaramparik pehchaan vaastaviktaa koo pakadane kii kshamata mein nihit haye. dennis mcquell kaa bhee isi tarah tark haye kii film mein herfer karane mein saksham haye...vishvasaniyata key nuksan key binaa photographic sandesh kii vaastaviktaa prateet hoti haye."
drishya sateekta.
bandook chalaane kaa kahana haye kii ack tasveer mein "pratishthitata" bhee honey chaahiye. satya" kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye ise usa vastu key samaan honah chaahiye jiska yeh pratinidhitva kartaa haye, joe ack soochkaank kii apariharya visheshta naheen haye.
satya daavaa" key parinam.
vyaktiyon key liye.
levinson kaa sujhaav haye kii icon kaa vyaktiyon parr ack shaktishali prabhaav padata haye, vishesh roop seey ise dekhane kii "sarasar aasaani aur kamuk santushti" key kaaran "pratyaksh chhavi".
bandook chalaane seey tasveeron key saath maanav aakarshan koo photography aur vaastaviktaa key beach sambandh kii bhavna key saath jodaa jaataa haye, halanki unakaa daavaa haye kii chhavi kii "avdhaaranaatmak samriddhi aur lagbhag anant vivaran" isaki anukramanika key gyaan seey adhik mahatvapurna haye. unhone baazin key vichaar kaa hawala diyaa kii photography mein hamaare vishvaas koo door karane kii ack tarkaheen shakti haye."
isake alawa, susan sontag kuchh maanav prathaon key vikas key liye 'vaastaviktaa' koo pakadane kii tasveer kii kshamata mein vishvaas koo sambandhit kartaa haye. choonki ack tasveer ghatnaaon koo "ack prakaar kii amarta (aur mahatva) pradaan karati haye, anyatha iska kabhi anand naheen liya jaataa", vaha bataati hain, tasveeren lene kaa kaary vishva yatra key anubhav key liye aavashyak hoe gayaa haye. sachchi' tasveeron kii sambhavana anubhav koo ack chhavi mein badalane kii majburi kii or leey jaati haye taaki "joe koee anubhav curr rhaa haye usey vaastavik banaaya jaa sakey."
samaaj key liye.
vaastaviktaa kii samajh.
david croto aur villium hoyness kaa sujhaav haye kii photographic chhaviyon kii vyaapaktaa ney chhavi aur vaastaviktaa key beach key antar koo dhundhala curr diyaa haye, joe daniel bourstein key shabdon mein "chhadm-ghatnaaon" kaa ullekh kartaa haye-jaise kii press sammelan, television raajneetik bahas, yaa 'photo key avsar'-joe kewal chhaviyaan banaane key liye maujood hain.
aage, neel postman kaa tark haye kii tasveer ney samaaj kii jaankaari aur sachchai kii samajh koo phir seey paribhaashit kiya haih "sachchai dekhane mein haye, soch mein naheen."dakia kaa sujhaav haye kii photography key prasaar ney bhasha koo chhaviyon key saath badalane kaa kaaran banaa," "vaastaviktaa key nirmaan, samajh aur pareekshan key liye hamaare pramukh saadhan key roop mein.
sontag iss drishtikon koo saajha kartaa haye, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii "naukarshahi key saath sangat duniya kaa 'yathaarthvaadi' drishtikon gyaan koo" soochana kii takneekon "key roop mein punarparibhashit kartaa haye.
samajik sangathan.
sontag key vichaar mein, vaastaviktaa koo samajhane key liye photography key praathamik saadhan banane kaa ack parinam "naukarshahi soochikaran" kaa udbhav haye. vaha daavaa karati haye kii photography kii jaankaari dene kii kathit kshamata aadhunik raajyon key naukarshahi sangathan mein parinam detee haye. niyantran key sansthaan, jaise kii pulis, photographic dastavejon, jaise kii passport yaa pehchaan patra key madhyam seey "teji seey mobile aabaadi" kaa sarvekshan aur niyantran karane mein saksham hain.
samvedanheenta.
sontag kaa yeh bhee tark haye kii baar-baar tasveeron key madhyam seey vaastaviktaa koo pakadane aur dekhane key madhyam seey, unake vishay cumm vaastavik hoe sakate hain. vaha daavaa karati haye kii "saundarya doori tasveeron koo dekhane key anubhav mein nirmit prateet hoti haye", aur yeh bhee kii duniya bhar mein bhayaanak chhaviyon kii sarasar matra ney "atyachar key saath parichitata paida kii haye, jisase bhayaanak adhik samanya lugg rhaa haye-jisase yeh parichit, doorasth dikhaai detaa haye... apariharya ".
atee yatharth.
sontag kaa drishtikon jeane boudrillard key 'atee yatharthata' key siddhant key samaan haye, jahaan photography jaise media key madhyam seey "vaastaviktaa key antaheen" key parinamswarup "vaastaviktaa swayam sansthaapak" haye. unakaa daavaa haye kii anant samaan vastuon kii sambhavana "samaantaa, udasinta kaa sambandh" banaati haye...mool key vilupt honey kii or leey jaataa haye."
digital photography.
yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii photography kaa digitalikaran isake "satya daave" koo kamjor kartaa haye.
herfer kii sambhavana.
levinson kaa sujhaav haye kii photography kaa digitalikaran takniki herfer kii viphalata aur utpaadan key maanav parishkaran kii kshamata key kaaran "vaastaviktaa key mook, nishpaksh gawah key roop mein tasveer kii bahut vishvasaniyata koo cumm kartaa haye.
lev manovic isi tarah chalchitron kii anukramik pehchaan parr sawal uthaate hain, balki cinema koo chitrakala kii ack upa-shally kaa label lagaate hain, kyonki frame koo digital roop seey sanshodhit karna, poori tarah seey 3-dee computer animation kaa upayog karke photorealistic chhaviyaan utpann karna sambhav haye...digital film chhaviyon koo kaatna, modana, failana aur silna joe sahee photographic vishvasaniyata rakhta haye, halanki ise vaastav mein kabhi filmaya naheen gayaa thaa."
anukramanika kaa nuksan.
yeh bhee tark diyaa gayaa haye kii digital tasveeron mein anivarya roop seey anukramanikta kii kamee haye, joe "analogue aur digital key beach mahatvapurna antar" kii samajh parr adharit haye, jiss tarah seey way 'vaastaviktaa' koo record karate hain. udaaharan key liye, froshes tasveeron koo "sandesh key binaa code" key roop mein varnit kartaa haye-"lacheele soochana-pixel seey bunny punah prayojya drishya samagri."
nirantar "vaastaviktaa prabhaav".
gunning vaikalpik roop seey tark detee haye kii digital photography, sankhyaon key matricks mein prakaash key baare mein detta koo encoding karane kii prakriya, rasayanik photography jaisi cameray key baahar kii vastuon dwara anukramik roop seey nirdhaarit kii jaati haye.
isi tarah, martin lister kaa daavaa haye kii ack digital cameray key saath bhee, "utpaadit chhaviyon koo photo-yathaarthvaadi prastut kiya jaataa haye, way photography kii mudra, isake gahare aitihaasik 'vaastaviktaa prabhaav' koo udhaar lete hain, kewal arth rakhane key liye."
satya daave" kii aalochana.
susan sontag tasveeron seey judey" "sachchai kii dhaarana" "koo chunauti detaa haye, yeh tark dete hue kii way hain...chitra aur chitron key roop mein duniya kii vyakhya."vaha ack tasveer key exposure, prakaash, banaavat aur jyaamiti koo nirdhaarit karane mein photographer kii bhoomika kaa varnan karati haye.
bandook seey cameray kii bhautikta koo tasveer aur vaastaviktaa key beach ack madhyasth key roop mein ingit kiya jaataa haye. vaha nott kartaa haye kii ack lens, film, ack vishesh exposure, shutter kii tarah, aur vikas prakriya kaa upayog...aggar koee tasveer koo vaastaviktaa kii seedhi chhaap maanata haye tou vaha jadui roop seey door hoe jaataa haye."
sontag ack tasveer kii vaastaviktaa kaa pratinidhitva maane jaane vaale apane vishay key baare mein paryaapt jaankaari lene mein asamarthata kaa bhee varnan kartaa haye. vaha kahati haye, "cameray kii vaastaviktaa koo hamesha usase adhik chhipaana chaahiye jitna vaha prakat kartaa haye...kewal vahee joe hamein samajha sakata haye."
aage, roland barths nott karate hain kii maanav vishay koo photo khinchwane kii prakriya key madhyam seey cumm vaastavik banaaya jaa sakata haye. vaha nott kartaa haye, "ack baar jaba main khud koo lens dwara dekhaa gayaa mahsoos kartaa huun, tou sub kuchh badal jaataa haih main khud koo 'pose' kii prakriya mein banaata huun, main turant apane liye ack aur shareer banaata huun, khud koo ack chhavi mein aage badal detaa huun."