
heinry broham, 1st bairan broham aur walks

heinry peater broham, 1st bairan broham aind walks, (19 sitambar 1778-7 maee 1868) ack british rajneta they joe lord hyee chansler baney aur 1832 sudhaar adhiniyam aur 1833 gulami unmoolan adhiniyam koo paarit karane mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai.
edinberg mein janme, broom ney landan jaane seey pahale 1802 mein "edinberg sameeksha" khojane mein madad kii, jahan unhone 1808 mein ack barrister key roop mein yogyata praapt kii. 1810 mein house off commons key liye ack whig key roop mein chune gaye, way 1830 mein ack sahakarmi banane taka vibhinn nirvaachan kshetron key liye sansad key sadasya they.
brohm ney 1820 key dard aur dund bill koo haraane mein madad karane key liye lokpriya prasiddhi hassil kii, vyaapak roop seey napsand kiye gaye george IV dwara brunswick key carolin key saath apani shaadi koo radd karane kaa prayaas. way gulam vyaapaar, mukt vyaapaar aur sansadiya sudhaar key unmoolan sahit udaar karanon key samarthak bunn gaye. 1830 mein lord chansler niyukt kiye jaane key baad, unhone kanuni mamalon mein teji laane key uddeshya seey kaee sudhaar kiye aur kendriya aaparaadhik adalat kii sthaapana kii. 1834 key baad unhone kabhi bhee sarkari pada hassil naheen kiya aur halanki unhone house off lords mein sakriya bhoomika nibhai, lekin way aksar apane poorv sahyogiyon key virodh mein aisaa karate they.
shiksha ack aur ruchi kaa kshetra thaa. unhone upayogi gyaan key prasaar key liye samaaj kii sthaapana karane mein madad kii aur saath hii saath edinberg vishvavidyalaya key rector sahit kuchh shaikshanik padon parr bhee kaam kiya. baad key varshon mein unhone apana adhikansh samay francisi shahar caine mein bitaaya, jisase yeh british uchch-vargon key liye ack lokpriya sairgah bunn gayaa; 1868 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
jeevan.
praarambhik jeevan.
broham kaa janm aur paalan-poshan edinberg mein huaa thaa, joe westmoreland mein broham holl key heinry broham (1742-1810) key sabse badey bete they, aur reverand james sime kii betty alenora. sadiyon seey broham ack prabhaavshaali comberland parivaar rhaa thaa. broham ney shaahi uchch vidyalaya aur edinberg vishvavidyalaya mein shiksha praapt kii, jahan unhone mukhya roop seey praakritik vigyaan aur ganit kaa adhyayan kiya, lekin kaanoon kaa bhee adhyayan kiya. unhone shaahi samaaj key madhyam seey kaee vaigyaanik patra prakaashit kiye, vishesh roop seey prakaash aur rangon aur prism parr, aur kewal 25 saal kii umr mein ack saathi chunaa gayaa thaa. 
haalaanki, broham ney kaanoon koo apane peshe key roop mein chunaa aur 1800 mein adhivaktaon key sankaay mein bharti hoe gaye. unhone scotland mein bahut cumm abhyaas kiya, aur isake bajaay 1803 mein linken kii saraay mein pravesh kiya. paanch saal baad unhein baar mein bulaaya gayaa. ack ameer aadami naheen, broom inn varshon key dauran aarthik roop seey apana samarthan karane key liye patrakaarita kii or rukh kiya. way "edinberg sameeksha" key sansthapakon mein seey ack they aur vigyaan, rajneeti, aupaniveshik neeti, saahitya, kavita, shalya chikitsa, ganit aur lalit kalaa seey laker harr cheej parr lekhon key saath jaldi hii isake pramukh yogadankarta key roop mein jaane jaane lagey.
19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, neuton key anuyaayi, broham ney thomas young key shodh key khilaf "edinberg sameeksha" mein gumnam hamale shuru kiye, joe saabit huaa kii prakaash ack tarang ghatana thee joe hastakshep aur vivartan kaa pradarshan karati thee. inn hamalon ney ack dashak taka sachchai kii sweekriti koo dheema curr diyaa, jaba taka kii francois arago aur augustin-jeane fressel ney yuvaaon key kaam koo badhaava naheen diyaa.
haalaanki, surr villium hershell (1738-1822) parr unake hamale key saath, broham kii vaigyaanik kshamata kii pushti hui. shaahi khagolshastri key roop mein, hershell ney soorya key dhabbon kii dekhi gaee sankhya aur gehuun kii kimaton key beach ack sahsambandh paaya. yeh lord broham kii "badee betuki" key roop mein upahaas key saath milaa. arthshastriyon ney aajkal sunspot kii aparivartaniyata parr bhroom key saath sahamati vyakt kii haye. 
praarambhik carrier.
edinberg sameeksha" kii safalata ney landan mein apane pahale aagaman seey hii broom koo ack mahaan vyakti banaa diyaa. vaha jaldi hii landan key samaaj mein ack nishchit sthaan bunn gaye aur lord gray aur anya pramukh wig raajnetaon kii dosti hassil curr lii. 1806 mein videsh sachiv charles james fox ney unhein portugal key liye ack rajanyik mission key liye sachiv niyukt kiya, jiska netritva james sent clair-erskin, roslin key 2nd earl aur johnn jervice, sent vincent key 1st earl ney kiya. iss mission kaa uddeshya purtagaal key pratyaashit francisi aakraman kaa mukabala karna thaa. 
inn varshon key dauran vaha gulami key unmoolan key liye andolan key karibi samarthak bunn gaye, ack aisaa kaaran jisake liye unhein apane shesh jeevan key liye junoon seey samarpit honah thaa. ack prasiddh aur lokpriya vyakti honey key bavjood, broham koo chunaav ladane key liye sansadiya seat kii peshkash karane seey pahale intezar karna padaa. haalaanki, 1810 mein unhein camelford key liye chunaa gayaa, joe kii duke off bedford dwara niyantrit ack sadaa huaa baro thaa.
unhone jaldi hii house off commons mein pratishtha praapt curr lii, jahan way sabse adhik bolane vaalon mein seey ack they aur kuchh logon dwara unhein whig party key sambhaavit bhavishya key netaa key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki, 1812 mein broham kaa currier mandee mein jaanaa thaa, jaba liverpool key liye dou wig ummidvaaron mein seey ack key roop mein khade hocker, vaha bhaari haar gaye they. unhein 1816 taka sansad seey baahar rehna thaa jaba unhein winshelsia key liye vaapas curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unhone turant house off commons key sabse shaktishali sadasyon mein seey ack key roop mein apani sthiti koo phir seey shuru kiya aur vishesh roop seey garibon kii shiksha key liye ack karyakram kii vakaalat karane mein kaam kiya, jahaan unhone chayan samiti kii adhyakshata kii, jisane nichale aadeshon kii shiksha parr prabhaavshaali report taiyar kii. 
way kanuni sudhaar key bhee prastaavak they aur yeh 1828 mein iss vishay parr thaa, unhone chhah ghante kaa bhaashan diyaa, joe house off commons mein abb taka kaa sabse lamba bhaashan thaa.
raani carolin kii raksha.
1812 mein, broom brunswick kii raani carolin, george kii alag patni, wells key rajkumar, rajkumar regent aur bhavishya key george IV key mukhya salaahkaaron mein seey ack bunn gaye they. yeh unake jeevan mein ack mahatvapurna vikas saabit karane key liye thaa. 
aprail 1820 mein, carolin, joe taba videsh mein reh rahee thee, ney broham koo apana attorney-general niyukt kiya. usa varsh kii shuruat mein george IV apane lambe samay seey aksham pitaa george III kii mrityu parr simhaasan parr baithe they. carolin koo kewal upasthiti key liye juuna mein britten vaapas laaya gayaa thaa, lekin raajaa ney turant usake khilaf talaak kii kaaryavaahi shuru curr dee. 
vivaah koo bhang karane aur vyabhichaar key aadhar parr usaki shaahi upaadhi key carolin koo hataane key uddeshya seey dard aur dund bill koo tory sarkaar dwara house off lords key saamane laaya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, broham ney ack kanuni dall kaa netritva kiya (jisamen thomas denman bhee shamil they) jisane rajkumari kaa spasht roop seey bachaav kiya. broham ney george IV key mamalon aur ack roman catholic key saath unaki gupt shaadi key saboot pesh karane kii dhamki dee, joe sambhaavit roop seey rajshahi koo arajakta mein daal sakata thaa, aur yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa kii vaha apane desh key liye peechhe hutt jaae. 
unhone prabhuon key ghar mein apane abb prasiddh bhaashan key saath jawab diyaah
taba seey yeh bhaashan bachaav paksh key vakeelon key beach apane muvakkil key liye utsaahpoorvak vakaalat karane key siddhant key liye prasiddh hoe gayaa haye. 
vidheyak paarit hoe gayaa, lekin kewal nau maton key sankeern antar seey. lord liverpool, bill kii alokpriyata seey avagat they aur darte they kii yeh house off commons mein palat sakata haye, phir ise vaapas leey liya. british janata mukhya roop seey rajkumari key paksh mein thee, aur mukadame key parinam ney desh key sabse prasiddh purushon mein seey ack banaa diyaa. uttari paripath mein unaki kanuni pratha paanch gunaa badh gaee, halanki unhein raajaa kaa salaahkaar banaae jaane seey pahale 1827 taka intezar karna padaa.
1826 mein, bloom, wellington key saath, kukhyaat "harriot willson key sansmaranon" mein naamit grahakon aur premiyon mein seey ack thaa. prakaashan seey pahale, willson aur prakaashak johnn joseph stockdale ney pustak mein naamit sabhi logon koo nakad bhugtan key badale mein kaam seey baahar rahane kaa avsar dene key liye likhaa. broham ney bhugtan kiya aur apana naam naa chhaapane kii shart rakhee.
swami kuladhipati.
broham farwari 1830 taka winshelsia key liye sansad key sadasya rahey jaba unhein nairsbaro key liye vaapas curr diyaa gayaa. haalaanki, unhone usee varsh agast taka nairsbaro kaa pratinidhitva kiya, jaba way yorkshire key chaar pratinidhiyon mein seey ack bunn gaye. gulami key tatkaal unmoolan key liye unake samarthan ney unhein audyogik paschim mein utsaahi samarthan diyaa. bradford key aadaraniya benjamin godwin ney poster taiyar kiye aur vitt poshit kiye jinhone yorkshire key matdaataon seey appeal kii kii way gulami key pratibaddh pratidvandi key roop mein broham kaa samarthan karein, halanki namankan baithak mein kewal ack chhote seey bahumat dwara broham koo ack whig ummidwar key roop mein apanaaya gayaa thaah shingley abhijaat varg ney apatti jataai kii unakaa krishi hiton seey koee sambandh naheen thaa, aur county key saath koee sambandh naheen thaa. matdan mein dusare sthaan parr dusare wig ummidwar key baad broham aae; haalaanki leads key udaarvaadi logon ney iss daave key saath shahar koo khaali karaa diyaa thaa kii ack tory ummidwar ney gulami kaa samarthan kiya thaa, lekin unhone iska jordar khandan kiya thaa.
navambar mein duke off wellington key netritva mein tory sarkaar gir gaee, aur lord gray key tahat whiggs satta mein aae. broham ney sarkaar mein lord chansler key roop mein shamil honey kaa daavaa kiya, halanki unake virodhiyon ney pahale daavaa kiya thaa kii vaha gray key tahat karyalaya sweekaar naheen karenge. broham ney mahadhivakta key pada seey incar curr diyaa, lekin swami kuladhipati key pada koo sweekaar curr liya, jise unhone chaar saal taka sambhala. 22 navambar koo, unhein westmoreland county mein barom key bairan brome aur walks key roop mein peerej key roop mein uthaaya gayaa thaa.
1832 key sudhaar adhiniyam aur 1833 key gulami unmoolan adhiniyam koo paarit karna sarkaar mein broham key samay key mukhya aakarshan they, lekin unhein khatarnak, avishvasaniya aur ghamandi key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. charles graville, joe 35 varshon taka privy council key clerk they, ney apani "pratibha aur vakpatuta" koo "siddhantaheen aur nishpaadit nirnay" seey prabhaavit honey key roop mein darj kiya. halanki julaai 1834 mein lord melburn key gray mein safal honey parr ise barkarar rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin navambar mein prashaasan koo surr robbert peel key tory dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. jaba melburn aprail 1835 mein phir seey pradhaanmantri baney, tou unhone yeh kahate hue broham koo baahar curr diyaa kii unakaa aacharan pichhali sarkaar key patan key mukhya karanon mein seey ack thaa; janwari 1836 mein bairan cottonham lord chansler baney.
baad mein jeevan.
broham koo phir kabhi pada naheen sambhalana thaa. haalaanki, apane patan key baad tees seey adhik varshon taka unhone house off lords key nyaayik vyavasaay mein sakriya bhaag lena jaari rakhaa, aur isaki bahason mein, abb apane poorv raajneetik sahyogiyon key khilaf ugra roop seey muda gaye, lekin vibhinn prakaar key sudhaaron kii or seey apane prayason koo jaari rakhaa. unhone apana adhikansh samay lekhan mein bhee lagaaya. unhone "edinberg sameeksha" mein yogdan denaa jaari rakhaa thaa, unake sarvshreshth lekhan koo baad mein "george III key samay mein phalane-phoolane vaale raajnetaon key aitihaasik rekhaachitron" key roop mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. 
1834 mein, unhein shaahi swedish vigyaan akadami kaa videshi sadasya chunaa gayaa. 1837 mein, broham ney saarvajanik shiksha key liye ack vidheyak prastut kiya, jisamen tark diyaa gayaa kii "iss baat mein sandeh naheen kiya jaa sakata haye kii iss desh seey logon kii shiksha key liye cumm karane key virodh koo door karane key liye kuchh vidhaayi prayaas kiye jaane chaahiye.
1838 mein, british upaniveshon kii khabar aaney key baad, jahan daason kii mukti baadhit thee yaa jahan poorv daason key saath buraa vyavhaar kiya jaa rhaa thaa aur unake saath bhedbhaav kiya jaa rhaa thaa, lord broham ney prabhuon key ghar mein kahaah "daas... apani swatantrata key liye utanaa hii upayukt haye jitna kii kissy bhee angreji kisan, aya, yaa kissy bhee swami koo jise main abb sambodhit kartaa huun. main usake adhikaaron kii maang kartaa huun; main binaa kissy karyakal key usaki swatantrata kii maang kartaa huun... . main maang kartaa huun kii aapke bhaai koo abb aapke gulam key roop mein kuchla naa jaae!"
broham 1838 key liye marischal college key rector chune gaye they. unhone surr charles bell key sahyog seey villium paale key "praakritik dharamshastra" kaa sampadan bhee kiya aur raajneetik darshan parr ack kaam prakaashit kiya aur 1838 mein unhone apane bhashanon kaa ack sanskaran chaar khandon mein prakaashit kiya. unaki antim kritiyaan unaki maranoparant "aatmakatha" thee. 1857 mein way samajik vigyaan key prachaar key liye rashtriya sangh key sansthapakon mein seey ack they aur kuchh congresses mein isake adhyaksh they.
1860 mein, raani victoria dwara westmoreland county mein barom aur comberland county mein hyhead casal key roop mein doosara piyaraj, aur shesh unake sabse chhote bhaai villium brome (1886 mein mrityu) koo diyaa gayaa thaa. patent mein kahaa gayaa kii doosara pier vishesh roop seey gulami key unmoolan koo badhaava dene mein, unhone joe mahaan sevaaen pradaan kii theen, unake sammaan mein thaa.
parivaar.
broham koo lekhak mairi blaze dee kabr kaa pitaa kahaa jaataa thaa. unakaa antim naam stuart yaa stuart thaa aur unakaa janm 1813 mein oban, scotland mein huaa thaa. unhein france bheja gayaa thaa jaba vaha nau saal kii theen jahan unhone apani shiksha poori kii thee.
broham mairi spaulding seey shaadi kii (dee. 1865), thomas eden kii betty, aur johnn spaulding kii vidhwa, aim. pee., 1821 mein. unaki dou betiyaan theen, jinamen seey donon apane maataa-pitaa seey pahale marr gaeen, baad mein 1839 mein ack kii mrityu hoe gaee. lord broham aur walks kii mrityu maee 1868 mein france key canness mein hui, 89 varsh kii ayu mein aur unhein cemeteer doo grand jais mein dafnaya gayaa thaa. kabristan mein vartamaan mein broham kii pratima kaa prabhutva haye, aur unhein cance shahar key nirmaan mein unaki pramukh bhoomika key liye sammaanit kiya jaataa haye. unakaa bachcha naukirks mein haye, joe taba broham kaa parrish church thaa.
1830 kaa baroni unaki mrityu parr vilupt hoe gayaa, jabaki 1860 key baroni mein unake chhote bhaai villium broham dwara vishesh shesh key anusaar unakaa uttaradhikari banaa.
viraasat.
broham key designer key roop mein, ack chaar-pahiya, ghode seey kheenchi jaane vaali shally kii gaadi joe unake naam parr haye, broham key sanrakshan ney francisi samudra tateey resort cance koo prasiddh kiya. 1835 mein, jaba ack suramya tata parr ack machhali pakadane vaale gaanv seey thodaa adhik thaa, tou broham ney bhoomi kaa ack hissa kharida aur usa parr banaaya, jisase yeh europe kaa ack lokpriya sanatorium bunn gayaa. unake prabhaav key kaaran samudra tata key saamane sair karane key liye achchha jaanaa jaane vaalaa sair karane key liye days anglice (shaabdik roop seey, "angreji kaa sair") key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. bairan ney dusaron koo sardiyon mein caine mein rahane key liye prerit kiya aur vahaan doosara ghar banaaya. unhone 'vilaa eleanor-luis' key nirmaan kaa nireekshan kiya, jiska naam unhone apani betty key naam parr rakhaa, joe khud iss vilaa mein rahate they. unake ack dost cheto valombrosa key nirmaan key kaaran rivera kaa vaastavik sampatti agent bunn gayaa. navanirmit vilaa joe broham dwara lokpriya banaae gaye they, raani victoria aur russie zaar sahit shaahi varg koo aakarshit karate they.
lord broham kii ack moorti, palace days festival aitt days congress key paar, caine key tata parr khadee haye.
chhah ghante mein binaa ruke bolane key liye house off commons record broham key paas haye.
14 octuber 1788 koo duniya key pahale bhaap-sanchaalit jahaaj key pareekshan mein broom maujood thaa, joe aldgirth, dumphries aur galloway key paas dalswinton loach mein thaa. wanlockhead key villium simtington ney dalswinton key patrick miller key liye dou-cylinder injan kaa nirmaan kiya.
edinberg mein broham street aur broham place kaa naam unaki smriti mein rakhaa gayaa haye.
kaam kartaa haye.
broham ney vigyaan, darshan aur itihas parr kaee granth likhe. iss lekh mein ullikhit lekhan key alawa, way "sahaj pravritti parr samvaad; jeevaashm osteology parr shodh key vishleshanatmak drishtikon key saath", "george III key samay key raajnetaon, daarshnikon aur vigyaan key purushon key jeevan", "praakritik dharamshastra" aadi key lekhak they. unakaa antim kaary unake 84vein varsh mein likhi gaee ack aatmakatha thee aur 1871 mein prakaashit hui thee.
broham key "raajneetik darshan" koo itihas aur raajneetik darshan key liye cambridge pathyakram mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan ise abhijaat varg kii "rajneeti", francois guizot kii "histry dee laa civilisation aine europe" aur heinry hollum key "samvaidhaanik itihas" key saath vishay parr pramukh karyon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa thaa.

