
philadelphia nativist dange

philadelphia nativist dange (jise philadelphia prarthana dange, bible dange aur mool americi dange key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) dangon kii ack shrinkhala thee joe 68 maee aur 67 julaai, 1844 koo philadelphia, pensylvania, sanyukt raajya america aur kensington aur southwark key nikatvarti jilon mein hui thee. dange ayrish catholic apravasiyon kii badhati aabaadi mein badhati catholic virodhi bhavna kaa parinam they. sarkaar ack hazaar seey adhik milicia koo laaee-unhone nativist bheed kaa saamana kiya aur saikadon logon koo maar daala aur ghayal curr diyaa.
dangon key paanch maheenon mein, nativist samooh ack jhoothi afwah faila rahey they kii catholic saarvajanik schools seey bible koo hataane kii koshish curr rahey they. kensington mein 6 maee koo ack nativist raili hinsa mein bhadak uthee aur ack ghaatak dange shuru hoe gaye jisake parinamswarup dou catholic churchon aur kaee anya imaraton koo nasht curr diyaa gayaa. usa sent kii khoj key baad julaai mein phir seey dange bhadak gaye. southwark mein phillip neri key catholic church ney suraksha key liye khud koo sashastr kiya thaa. church kii raksha key liye bheje gaye sainikon aur nativists key beach bhayankar ladaai shuru hoe gaee, jisake parinamswarup kaee mautein aur chotein aaeen. 13 catholic churchon mein seey dou koo jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa. catholic church ney shahar parr mukadama daayar kiya aur marammat key liye kuchh paise jeete. nagrik netaaon ney nativist hamalon kii ninda kii. rashtriya star parr, dangon ney nativist samoohon kii jimmedaari seey incar karane key bavjood nativist andolan kii aalochana koo badhaava dene mein madad kii. dangon ney philadelphia aur aspas key jilon mein kaanoon pravartan mein kamiyon koo ujagar kiya, jisase sthaaniya pulis vibhagon mein vibhinn sudhaar prabhaavit hue aur 1854 mein shahar kaa antatah samekan huaa.
prishthabhoomi.
jaise-jaise philadelphia audyogik hoe gayaa, europe key aapravaasi, jyaadaatar ireland aur germany, shahar mein aur vishesh roop seey aspas key jilon mein buss gaye. inn kshetron mein aapravaasi buss gaye, nivaasiyon key beach dhaarmik, aarthik aur saanskritik matbhedon key parinamswarup tanaav badh gayaa. adhikansh nae aaney vaale catholic they.
itihaaskaar elizabeth geffen kahati hainh
badhati catholic aabaadi seey chintit hocker, protestant aur mool roop seey janme amerikiyon ney catholic virodhi aur nativist samoohon koo sangathit karna shuru curr diyaa. 26 agast, 1842 koo ack anaam aagajanikarta ney philadelphia aur reeding rail company key pull koo aag lagaa dee. turant sthaaniya ayrish catholic samudaay koo jimmedaari dee gaee, jisase ack protestant sansthaan kii sthaapana hui. 1840 key dashak kii shuruat mein sthaapit anya logon key saath samooh ney catholic-virodhi saahitya vitarit kiya aur catholic-virodhi samachar patra prakaashit kiye.
1840 key dashak key dauran, philadelphia schools mein chhatron ney bible key protestant sanskaran koo padhane key saath dinn kii shuruat kii. 10 navambar, 1842 koo, philadelphia key roman catholic bishap, francis kenrick ney saarvajanik schools key niyantrakon key board koo ack patra likhaa, jisamen kahaa gayaa kii catholic bachchon koo roman catholics dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale bible key doye sanskaran koo padhane kii anumati dee jaae. unhone yeh bhee kahaa kii unhein school mein rahate hue anya dhaarmik shikshaon seey mukt kiya jaae. natijatan, niyantrak mandal ney adesh diyaa kii kissy bhee bachche koo dhaarmik gatividhiyon mein bhaag lene key liye majboor naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye aur kahaa kii bachchon koo unake maataa-pitaa kii ichcha key anusaar bible kaa joe bhee sanskaran padhane kii anumati dee gaee thee. nativists ney catholics key prati shatrutapurna bhaavanaon koo aur badhaa diyaa, kathit taur parr niyantrak mandal koo kenrick key anurodhon koo protestant bhakti mein upayog kii jaane vaali bible key khilaf hamale key roop mein modd-marod curr.
lagbhag ack saal baad, ack afwah fail gaee kii hyug clark, ack catholic kensington school nideshak, ladkiyon key ack school kaa daura curr rahey they, jahan unhone principle seey school mein bible padhana bund karane kii maang kii. kahani mein yeh bhee daavaa kiya gayaa kii principle ney manaa curr diyaa aur vaha apani naukari khou degi. clark ney ghatnaaon key iss sanskaran seey incar kiya aur daavaa kiya kii yeh pataa chalane key baad kii kaee chhatron ney bible key ack alag sanskaran koo padhane key liye ack bible padhana chhod diyaa thaa, unhone tippani kii kii aggar bible padhane seey aisaa bhram paida hotaa haye, tou behtar hoga kii ise school mein naheen padhaa jaae. protestants ney daavaa kiya kii catholic, pope key pratyaksh prabhaav key saath, schools seey bible koo hataane kii koshish curr rahey they. kenrick ney ack bayaan jaari curr kahaa, "yeh catholic church key kaanoonon aur anushasana key anuroop naheen haye kii usake sadasya una logon key saath dhaarmik abhyaas mein ekjut houn joe unake samudaay key naheen hain."
itihaaskaar david montgomeri kaa tark haye kii shahar mein ayrish catholic loktantravadiyon ney uchch varg key wig netritva seey safaltapurvak appeal kii thee. way loktaantrik gathbandhan koo vibhajit karna chaahte they, isaliye unhone bishap kenrick key anurodh koo manjuri dee kii catholic bachchon koo apani bible kaa upayog karane kii anumati dee jaae. usa anumodan ney susamacharak protestant netritva koo krodhit curr diyaa, jisane philadelphia mein apana samarthan jutaaya. montgomeri kahata haih
hoe sakata haye kii hangama hoe.
3 maee, 1844 koo, americi ganarajya party (americi "kuchh bhee naheen" party kaa ack agradoot, ack protestant nativist samooh, jisaki sthaapana ack dashak baad kii jaayegi) ney mukhya roop seey ayrish hisse mein ack baithak aayojit kii, joe kii kensington jile, taba philadelphia key ack upnagar mein thaa. ayrish nivaasiyon key ack samooh ney usa munch parr hamla kiya jahan vaktaa khade they, aur nativist peechhe hutt gaye.
6 maee koo, nativist adhik sankhya mein laute. raili key dauran, barish shuru hoe gaee, aur baithak koo paas key bajar mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. bajar key ander bhadkaau tippani jaari rahee, jahan sthaaniya ayrish catholics aur nativists key beach ladaai chhid gaee. bajar key baahar ladaai chhid gaee, jahan aspas kii imaraton kii khidakiyon mein logon dwara deshivaadiyon parr goli chalaai gaee. ack yaa dou nativist kathit taur parr maare gaye they. george schiffler, ack 18 varsheeya chamada karigar, 1844 key dangon mein maare gaye pahale nativist they. nativists kii ack bheed ney dange samaapt honey seey pahale daan kii bahanon key madarse aur kaee catholic gharon parr hamla kiya. kaee loga ghayal hoe gaye, aur dou aur nativist maare gaye.
jilaa sipahi hinsa koo rokane key liye shaktiheen thaa. 1840 key dashak mein, philadelphia key adhikansh upnagariya jilon mein nirvaachit sipahi aur anshakaalik paharedar tainaat they. jaba ack jile mein hinsa bhadak uthee, tou samay lene vaali prakriya mein sipahi ney county sheriff morton mcmichael koo talab kiya, joe ack pose kaa ayojan karega. 6 maee kii hinsa key dauran, sainya dall kewal clubon key saath sashastr hocker aaya aur kuchh bhee karane key liye shaktiheen thaa.
7 maee koo, nativists ney catholics kii ninda kii aur amerikiyon seey "pope key khooni haath" seey apana bachaav karane kaa ahwan kiya."ack bheed ney kensington kii or cooch kiya, jahan nativists aur catholics key beach golibari shuru hoe gaee. dangon key dauran, nativist bheed ney hibernia fayer station, tees gharon aur usa bajar mein aag lagaa dee aur usey nasht curr diyaa jahaan ack dinn pahale hinsa shuru hui thee. ack darshak key roop mein varnit joseph chawal koo goli maar dee gaee thee; vaha ekmatra gyaat catholic haye jise maar diyaa gayaa thaa. hinsa taba taka samaapt naheen hui jaba taka kii general george cadavalader kii kamaan mein sthaaniya raajya milicia naheen aaee aur bheed koo titar-bitar curr diyaa. kenrick ney jaldi seey ack bayaan jaari curr catholics koo hinsa aur takraav seey bachane kaa nirdesh diyaa.
ack sankshipt viram key baad, hinsa 8 maee koo jaari rahee. nativist vaapas kensington aae aur sent koo jalaa diyaa. dusare aur jefferson sadakon parr michael kaa catholic church aur rectory, daan kii bahanon kaa madarsa, jiss parr kuchh dinn pahale hamla kiya gayaa thaa, aur sainikon key aaney seey pahale kaee gharon parr hamla kiya gayaa thaa aur aag parr kaaboo paa liya gayaa thaa. jaba dange kensington mein they, ack aur nativist bheed philadelphia kii seemaon key bheetar hii ikattha hoe gaee thee. way sent mein ekatra hue. augustin kaa catholic church, joe bell aur naee sadakon key beach chauthi sadak parr sthit haye. shahar key sainikon koo church dwara tainaat kiya gayaa thaa, aur meyer johnn morin scott ney shaanti key liye anurodh kiya. dangaaiyon ney mahapour parr patthar fenke, sainikon koo nazarandaj curr diyaa, aur church koo jalaa diyaa, jaba khadee chattan gir gaee tou jaykar kii. durlabh pustakon key sangrah key saath paas key ack school mein bhee aag lagaa dee gaee thee. dangaaiyon ney ack adhure german catholic church parr hamla naheen kiya.
dangon key dauran, cumm seey cumm chaudah loga maare gaye, anumaanit pachas loga ghayal hoe gaye, dou sou loga apane gharon seey bhaag gaye, aur kull 150,000 dollar kaa nuksan huaa. yeh 2016 mein americi dollar key barabar haye.
isake baad key dinon mein, meyer scott ney catholic churchon kii raksha key liye ack bull kii sthaapana kii, aur bishap kenrick ney kissy bhee ukasaave aur sambhaavit hinsa seey bachane key liye agale ravivaar koo sabhi churchon koo bund karane kaa adesh diyaa. churchon seey keemati saman hataa diye gaye aur surakshit rakhane key liye gharon mein chhipaaye gaye. bishap kenrick ney catholics seey koee pratirodh naheen karane key liye kahaa aur unase dangaaiyon seey nipatane key liye kaanoon kii prateeksha karane kaa aagrah kiya. haalaanki, apani 18 juuna kii report mein, ack grand juurii ney dangon key liye kaanoon pravartan aur ayrish catholics dwara ack apoorna pratikriya koo doshi thaharaaya, jisamen kahaa gayaa kii hinsa kaa prakop "saarvajanik schools seey bible koo baahar karane key samudaay key ack hisse key prayason" aur apravasiyon dwara vaidh baithakon mein vyavadhaan key kaaran thaa.
nativists ney kahaa kii way kewal hamalon kaa jawab dey rahey they aur apane karyon mein uchit they, lekin 6 maee key baad dangon key liye jimmedaar naheen they. americi republican party ney dangon key liye meyer scott, sheriff aur nagrik adhikaariyon koo doshi thaharaate hue ack bayaan jaari kiya.
julaai danga.
3 julaai koo, sent key church key pitaa johnn patrick dunn. southwark jile mein phillip neri koo chetavani dee gaee thee kii mool americi party dwara aayojit agami pared key dauran church parr hamla kiya jaa sakata haye. deshi americi party, ack deshiwadi raajneetik dall, ney swatantrata divas parr agale dinn ack badee pared aayojit karane kii yojana banaai.
hinsa kii taiyari key liye, church ney ack shastragar key liye aavedan kiya jiska upayog ack swayamsevak company church parr hamale kii sthiti mein karegi. pensylvania key governor david aar. kulee ney ack company key gathan aur frankford shastragar seey panchish bandookon kii khareed koo adhikrit kiya. pensylvania milicia key commander mejar general robbert patterson ney hinsa kii sthiti mein sainikon koo satark curr diyaa.
paanch bandooken sent mein rakhee gaee hain. phillip neri key church koo doshpurna paaya gayaa aur unhein marammat key liye frankford shastragar mein vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa. pared seey pahale yaa usake dauran koee hinsa naheen hui, lekin 5 julaai koo, hajaaron kii sankhya mein ack deshi bheed church mein ikattha hui, jaba kuchh logon ney dekhaa kii paanch doshpurna bandooken church mein vaapas kii jaa rahee hain. phir unhone sheriff seey hathiyaron koo hataane kii maang kii, jabaki pitaa aur swayamsevakon ney church kii raksha key liye raili kii. sheriff morton mcmichael aur dou alderman ney church kii talashi lii aur baarah bandooken hataa deen. church chhodane key baad, sheriff ney bheed seey titar-bitar karane kaa aagrah kiya aur church kii raksha key liye ack swayamsevak dall chhod diyaa. bheed bunny rahee, aur hoe sakata haye dangon mein ghayal ack vyakti ney bheed koo bhaashan diyaa, church kii doosari khoj kaa ahwan kiya. sheriff, ack alderman aur satrah nativist church mein pravesh kiya aur teen sashastr purush, pachas-teen bandooken, duss pistaul, barud aur golaa-barud kaa ack kegg paaya. bheed koo ukasaane seey bachane key liye, sheriff ney hathiyaron koo naheen hataane kaa faisala kiya, aur khoj dall church mein hii rhaa. madhyaraatri key thheek baad, 6 julaai koo, mejar general patterson ney shahar key guards kii ack company koo sadakon koo saaf karane kaa adesh diyaa. bheed key titar-bitar honey key baad, church key bheetar paae gaye hathiyaron koo hataa diyaa gayaa.
dopahar taka, bheed sent key aspas laut aaee. phillip neri kaa church. general george cadavalader ney bheed koo titar-bitar karane kaa adesh diyaa, lekin unhone aisaa naheen kiya. shaam taka, sheriff 150-majboot dall key saath aaa gayaa thaa. shaam bhar, sainya upasthiti badhee, aur sadakon parr teen topein tainaat theen. bheed dwara pathraav kiye jaane key bavjood sainikon ney church key paas kii sadakon koo saaf curr diyaa. rock throaron kaa jawab dete hue, general cadavalader ney teesari sadak parr bheed parr tope daagne kaa adesh diyaa. poorv yuu.aiss. congress sadasya charles niler ney general seey aag naa lagaane kii vinati kii; unhein aur kaee anya logon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur church key bheetar rakhaa gayaa. 7 julaai kii subah taka, adhikansh sanic chaley gaye they, lekin ack alderman aur sheriff key netritva mein bheed vaapas aaa gaee aur shesh gaard koo niler koo riha karane kii maang kii. niler koo chhodkar sabhi koo riha curr diyaa gayaa. bheed badhati gaee, aur paas key ghaat seey ack tope laaee gaee aur church koo dhamki dene key liye istemal kiya gayaa. aage kii baatchit key baad, niler koo riha curr diyaa gayaa aur logon key kandhon parr jaykar karane key liye ghar leey jaaya gayaa.
niler koo ghar laae jaane key baad, bheed ney church parr hamla kiya, tope seey ack deewaar koo nuksan pahunchaaya. ghaat seey doosari tope laaee gaee aur church parr golibari kii gaee, jisake baad bheed ney imarat parr patthar fenke aur ack taraf key darwaaje koo toda diyaa. sainikon ney church mein ghusate hue una logon parr golibari kii, joe turant peechhe hutt gaye. peechhe hatane key baad, nativists ney gaard key saath baatchit kii, joe vaapas lene key liye sahmat hoe gaye, jisase nativists koo church kii raksha karane kii anumati millie. bheed ney sainikon parr pathraav kiya aur kuchh sainikon ney jawabi golibari kii, jisase bheed koo aur uksaayaa gayaa. bheed ney church mein jabaran pravesh kiya, jisase ander key hisse koo vyaapak nuksan huaa. lagbhag ack ghante key baad, bees purushon key ack samooh ney sent kii raksha key liye khud koo sangathit kiya. phillip neri aur bheed church seey chaley gaye.
shaam taka, badee sankhya mein sanic sadakon koo saaf karane key adesh key saath pahunche, kewal iss prakriya mein pathraav kiya gayaa. ack kaptan parr hamla honey key baad, bheed parr goli chalaane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa, jisake parinamswarup saat logon kii maut hoe gaee aur nau ghayal hoe gaye. kuchh hii samay baad, bandookon aur topon key saath loga pahunche, aur sainikon aur bheed key beach bhayankar ladaai shuru hoe gaee. ladaai kaee ghanton taka chully, jisamen sainikon koo gully aur aas-paas kii imaraton kii khidakiyon seey goli maaree gaee. sanic apani dou topein laker aae aur bheed parr golibari kii; bheed ney nakhun, janjir, chaku aur tooty hui botalon jaisi vastuon seey lais apani topon kaa upayog karke golibari kii. bheed kii topon koo pakadane key prayaas mein, sainikon ney ack tope kii sthiti parr hamla kiya, kewal sadak parr bandhi russie seey unake ghodon koo giraa diyaa gayaa. sabhi topon koo antatah pakad liya gayaa, aur 8 julaai kii subah taka ladaai samaapt hoe gaee thee.
dangaaiyon aur sainikon sahit cumm seey cumm pandrah loga dangon mein maare gaye aur cumm seey cumm pachas loga ghayal hoe gaye. governor porter key adesh key tahat, raajya key sanic baad key dinon mein shahar mein aatey rahey, lekin aage koee hinsa naheen hui. hinsa koo rokane key liye anumaanit 5,000 milicia kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. 10 julaai koo sainikon ney shahar seey peechhe hatna shuru curr diyaa, aur church ney 11 julaai koo church kii raksha karane kii jimmedaari southwark jile seey leey lii. jaisa kii dangon key saath, ack grand juurii ney dangon key liye ayrish catholics koo doshi thaharaaya, lekin hinsa key liye senaa kii pratikriya kaa samarthan kiya.
isake baad.
dangon ney rashtriya dhyaan aakarshit kiya thaa aur ninda kii thee. dangon kaa upayog 1844 yuu mein ack mudde key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. rashtrapati chunaav, democratic party badhati hui deshi americi party aur whig party kii ninda karati haye, jiss parr democrate ney nativist andolan mein shamil honey kaa aarop lagaaya. philadelphia mein, mool americi party ney shahar key octuber chunaav mein ack majboot pradarshan kiya. newyork shahar mein, kaee logon koo darr thaa kii nativist newyork shahar key catholic churchon koo nishana banaa lenge. archbishop johnn huges ney churchon key liye rakshakon koo sangathit kiya aur meyer seey kahaa kii aggar kissy bhee catholic church koo jalaa diyaa jaataa haye, tou "newyork ack aur mosco hoga."
11 julaai, 1844 koo, philadelphia ney ack adhyadesh paarit kiya jisane shahar koo topkhaane kii ack batalian, paidal senaa kii ack resiment aur cumm seey cumm ack ghudsavaar senaa kii poori tukadi dee taaki aavashyak honey parr shahar key bheetar shaanti banaae rakhee jaa sakey. dangon aur anya apraadhon koo dabaane kii kathinaaee key kaaran pensylvania mahasabha ney 1845 kaa ack adhiniyam paarit kiya jisamen philadelphia, moyamensing kii basti aur vasant udyaan key anigamit jilon, uttari swatantrataon aur prati 150 curr yogya nivaasiyon mein ack vyakti key pulis bull koo banaae rakhane key liye paine kii aavashyakta thee. 1850 mein, ack aur adhiniyam paarit kiya gayaa thaa jisane sthaapit kiya kii philadelphia pulis bull shahar aur aspas key saat jilon kii pulis karegi. philadelphia key upnagaron mein vyavastha koo prabhaavi dhang seey banaae rakhane mein asamarthata 1854 mein shahar key samekan key liye ack mahatvapurna tark hoga.
dangon key baad, bishap kenrick ney saarvajanik shiksha pranali koo prabhaavit karane key apane prayason koo samaapt curr diyaa aur catholic schools key nirmaan koo protsaahit karna shuru curr diyaa, jisamen seey 17 kii sthaapana 1860 taka kii gaee thee. augustin ney church koo paryaapt suraksha pradaan naheen karane key liye philadelphia shahar parr mukadama daayar kiya, jisamen harjaane mein $80,000 kaa daavaa kiya gayaa. shahar ney tark diyaa kii bhikshu yeh daavaa naheen curr sakate they kii unake nagrik adhikaaron kaa ullanghan kiya gayaa thaa, sent key adesh key roop mein. augustein pope key adheen ack videshi sangathan thaa. isake alawa, shahar ney tark diyaa kii bhikshuon ney garibi kaa sankalp liya aur way sampatti key malik naheen hoe sakate. agastiniyanon ney yeh saabit curr diyaa kii adesh 1804 mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa aur unhein 45,000 dollar kaa puraskar diyaa gayaa thaa. church koo 1848 mein phir seey banaaya gayaa thaa.
sainya hataahat.
sainya balon key beach, dangon key parinamswarup dou hatyaaen huin, ack atirikt maut aur 23 anya ghayal hoe gaye. nimnalikhit ghayal hue jaba taka kii anyatha maare gaye key roop mein nott naheen kiya gayaa.
1844 key maee dangon mein hataahatah
julaai 1844 key dangon mein hataahatah

