kashmiri vyanjan

kashmiri vyanjan jammu aur kashmir mein kashmir ghaati kaa vyanjan haye. kashmiriyon ney khaana pakaane kii kalaa koo bahut uchch star parr vikasit kiya haye aur duniya key kissy bhee hisse seey kaafee alag vyanjan vikasit kiye hain. chawal unakaa mukhya bhojan haye aur pracheen kaal seey aisaa hii rhaa haye. kashmiri mein rotty aur makkhan vakyansh key liye samatulya "hakh-batta" (saag aur chawal) haye. eed jaise vishesh avsaron parr chawal, kuchh sabjiyaan aur salad key saath maans taiyar kiya jaataa haye. ack vishisht dainik kashmiri bhojan-dopahar kaa bhojan aur raat kaa khaana-mein chawal (lagbhag 250 graam), mutton (100 graam) aur sabjiyaan (lagbhag 100 graam, jyaadaatar saag) tail mein pakaaya jaataa haye, aur dahee (50 seey 250 graam) hotaa haye.
kashmiri maans kaa sevan bahut karate hain. kashmiri vyanjan dou alag-alag prakaar key hotey hain-"vazavaan" musalmaanon kaa bhojan haye, aur panditon kaa apana paaramparik "batta" hotaa haye. way bhed key bachche key liye pyaar saajha karate hain; ack kashmiri koo maans key liye joe pyaar haye vaha advitiya haye. ack achchha kashmiri jamey hue maans koo naheen chhoota, unhein lagata haye kii yeh sthaaniya vyanjanon key liye upayukt naheen haye. way, prati vyakti, upmahadweep mein sabse adhik mutton upabhokta hain. aadhikarik aankadon key anusaar, kashmir mein harr saal ausatan lagbhag 22 laakh bheden maaree jaati hain aur iss kshetra mein 21,000 tunn vaarshik maans kii khapat hoti haye. brahmin honey key bavjood, adhikansh kashmiri pandit maans khaane vaale hain. kashmiri pandit vivaah bhoj key liye khareede jaane key liye aavashyak mutton kii matra 650 graam prati sir haye (chikan parr vichaar naheen karate hue). kashmiri musalman bakri pasand karate hain, vishesh roop seey yuva, jabaki kashmiri pandit bhed kaa bachcha chunate hain. kashmir mein maans koo panditon dwara "neni" aur musalmaanon dwara "maaj" kahaa jaataa haye. adhikansh kashmiri panditon aur musalman khaana pakaane mein, rotty bhojan kaa hissa naheen hoti haye; yeh hamesha dopahar key bhojan yaa raat key khaane mein chawal hotaa haye. rotty kewal subah yaa shaam koo chaay key saath khaai jaati haye.
kashmir key musalmaanon kaa mukhya dainik bhojan saadaa pakaa huaa chawal haye. way aam taur parr shakahari naheen hotey hain, bahut cumm apvaadon key saath. tathaakathit 'shakahari' vyanjanon key liye bhee maans ack mukhya ghatak haye. ack majaak saajha kiya gayaa haih "mujhe ack kashmiri shakahari dhoondhen aur main aapako soney kaa ack bartan doonga."haalaanki way aksar sabji kii curry khaate hain, jisamen maans ack mahanga bhog hotaa haye. sabjiyon, mutton, ghar kaa banaa panir (panir) aur faliyon key pakaane key tareeke kuchh hudd taka kashmiri panditon key samaan hain, sivaay hinge key sthaan parr musalmaanon dwara pyaaj, lahsun aur shollot key upayog key.
musalman vyanjanon mein, pandit vyanjanon kii tulanaa mein masalon kaa upayog cumm kiya jaataa haye. kashmir mein "mawal" naamak coxcomb phool koo laal rung kaa bhojan taiyar karane key liye ubla jaataa haye, jaisa kii kuchh vyanjanon mein upayog kiya jaataa haye. pandit masaale key roop mein halke teekhe kashmiri laal mirch pouder kaa upayog karate hain, saath hii saath ratanjot kaa bhee.ee., rogan josh jaise kuchh vyanjanon koo rung dene key liye alcanet jarh. musalman madhyam matra mein mirch kaa upayog karate hain aur badey bhojan mein germ vyanjanon seey bachate hain.
vishesh roop seey daavaton key mamle mein, panditon aur musalmaanon key beach seva aur khaane key tareeke mein bhee ullekhaniya antar haye. musalmaanon mein aam taur parr chaar vyakti ack saath khaate hain, ack badey dibbe vaale tambe kii thaali mein, jise kashmir mein "traim" kahaa jaataa haye; yeh lagbhag vyaas kaa ack goal bartan haye, aamtaur parr khubsurati seey ubhara hotaa haye.
kashmiri vyanjanon kaa itihas.
ack kinvadanti haye kii sadiyon pahale kashmir ghaati ack vishal pahaadi jheel thee. mitty mein taaje paani kii machhali aur jeevaashm-mishrak key avashesh hain aur paani key badam key kaale gole ghaati key star seey 457 meater kii oonchaai parr prithvi mein antarnihit paraton mein paae jaa sakate hain.
516 eesaa poorv mein darius dwara kashmir (joe gandhar kaa ack hissa thaa) parr irani aakraman seey laker mauryon, jinhone kushan samrajya mein srinagar kii sthaapana kii, 1398 mein taimur dwara kashmir parr aakraman taka, kashmiriyon kii sanskriti aur vyanjan sthaaniya navacharon aur samagriyon kii upalabdhata key saath mishrit bhaaratiya, farsi aur kendriya asiai vyanjanon seey judey hue hain. kabaab" shabd mool roop seey arabi haye, "korma" kii jadein turkey hain, aur "rogan josh", "yakhen", "abb goshat", "rista" aur "gostaba" farsi sroton seey utpann hotey hain.
praarambhik itihas.
baahari duniya key saath kashmir key ekikaran kii prakriya iran seey saamp aur agni pooja key adim roopon key ayaat key saath shuru hui. purapashan kaal seey, saampon kii pooja kii jaati thee aur unake bhavishya key jeevan key praavdhaan key roop mein unaki kabron mein keedon kii aapoorti key saath dafnaya jaataa thaa. isake alawa, unhone saampon aur anya jaanvaron key prati sammaan vyakt karane key liye mandiron aur kabron parr anaaj kaa chhidkaav kiya.
srinagar jile mein burjahom key navpashan sthal parr baramad kiye gaye upkaranon kii shrinkhala seey pataa chalata haye kii way loga kheti key liye upkaranon key gyaan key saath kushal shikari they. gaddhon key muhaane key paas jameen key star parr patthar key choolhe paae gaye hain. avadhi II (syremic navpashan) sanrachanaaen ack khokhale stand aur ack golakar bartan key saath ack vyanjan dikhaati hain. ghumaavdaar kataai key kinare vaale aaytaakaar kataai bhee baramad kiye gaye hain. harpoon kii upasthiti machhali pakadane kaa sanket detee haye. navpashan yug key purushon kaa kalaa-utpaadak vyavhaar ack shikaar drishya mein dekhaa jaataa haye, jisamen maanav, ack kutta aur ack soorya path aarekh hotaa haye.
navpashan kaal key baad aaney vaali mahapashan sanskriti seey pahale bhee, gehuun, jou aur daal kii kheti key pramaan hain. ack aaytaakaar cross-section dwara visheshta vaale mortar aur pastel usee jwalamukhiya chattan seey baney hotey hain jiska upayog vartamaan kashmiriyon dwara kiya jaataa haye. daal kii upasthiti bataati haye kii burjahom key logon kaa madhya asia key saath vyaapak sampark thaa.
srinagar seey 41 kimmy dakshin-paschim mein sthit gufkral navpashan sthal parr, puraatatvidon ney pushti kii haye kii basane vaale jangli khel key saath-saath jaanvaron key paalan-poshan mein bhee lagey hue they. usa samay jangli bhed, jangli bakri, jangli maveshi, laal hiran, bhediya, himalayi ibex aur bhalu gyaat they. bhojan (maans aur anaaj donon) koo kewal baahar bhoonana kiya jaataa thaa kyonki ghar key gaddhon key ander koee chulha yaa fireplaces naheen paae jaate they. cheere lagaane key liye aur janwar key maare jaane aur twacha key tootane key baad maans koo faadane key liye chhed kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, maans seey vasaa koo khurachane key liye khurchiyon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. navpashan vyavasaay key charan mein, kuchh nae parivardhanon mein maveshi aur aam mutter shamil they. suar ("sus scropha") aur machhali ney navpashan kaal key anta mein apani upasthiti darj karaai. khargosh ("lapus"), hezhog, krintak aur beaver kii haddiyaan bhee baramad kii gaeen.
baramula seey saat kilometres poorv mein kanispur mein emmer gehuun ("triticomdicoccum") fasal kii upasthiti key aadhar parr, navpashan kashmir key saath harappan key sampark kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye. 8veen shatabdi eesaa poorv key aspas kashmir mein aaryon key pravaas key saath, agni pooja panth pakey hue chawal key falik prateek jaisi prathaon key madhyam seey kashmir key janmajaat dhaarmik-saanskritik banaavat mein antarnihit hoe gayaa. vayuk" kaa sthaaniya samaroh phir seey "farwadin" kii irani shally key karib haye. maheene key ack vishesh dinn parr, kashmiri musalman apane mritakon koo yaad karate hain, apani kabron parr jaate hain aur chawal kii rotiyaan vitarit karate hain.
indo-greek aur kushan kaal.
bhaaratiya-yunani kaal (200 eesaa poorv-pahali shatabdi esvi) seey bijbehara key uttar mein semtan mein mitty kii "thaali" (paine) paaee gaee hain. "harvan, kanispur aur semtan key khudai sthalon seey badee sankhya mein "hathaude" (dhaatu key bartan), sapaat platein, peeth vaale cup aur dhaardaar katora paae gaye hain. kanispur mein khaana pakaane key bartan paae gaye hain. kashmir ghaati seey badee sankhya mein kushan sikke baramad kiye gaye hain, jinamen kanishk key sikke ack vedi parr raajaa key balidan key rupankan kaa anukaran karate hain.
kushan kaal kii visheshta dohri fasal kaa swaroop haye, joe navpashan kaal key baad kii girawat key baad jansankhya kii bahaali seey judee krishi prathaon mein parivartan kaa sujhaav detaa haye. vitis vinifera" (aam angur kii bell), "amblica officinalis" (bhaaratiya goozberry), "zizipas numularia" (jangli jujube), "juglans regia" (angreji akhrot) aur "prunus amigdalus" (badam) key nishkarsh bataate hain kii bagwani aur chaara ney rahane vaalon key aahar mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. kanispur key kushan avasheshon mein jou kaa prabhutva haye, jabaki semthan mein gehuun adhik paaya jaataa haye.
kushan itihas hamein bataata haye kii kushan shasakon (pahali shatabdi esvi-450 esvi) key dinon seey hii romanon aur kashmir key beach sampark they. kashmir gilgit aur tashkurghan mein yaseen ghaati key madhyam seey dakshini resham maarg seey judaa huaa thaa. rome koo niryaat kii jaane vaali mukhya vastuein kesar aur dolomia costus ("kutha") theen. rome mein dolomia costus kaa upayog vibhinn uddeshyon key liye kiya jaataa thaa, jinamen seey bhojan kii sugandh aur sharaab kaa masala shamil thaa.
hindu rajvansh.
kashmir mein karkota raajya aur chean mein taang (618 esvi-907 esvi) darbar key beach sainya sampark they. jaba cheeni taang rajvansh ney safaltapurvak tibbati senaaon koo haraaya aur octuber 722 esvi mein chhote palur mein pravesh kiya, tou kashmir koo gilgit ghaati mein tainaat cheeni sainikon koo banaae rakhane key liye aavashyak krishi aapoorti pradaan karane kaa shreya diyaa gayaa.
kashmir saltanat (1346-1580).
choonki islam seedhe arab seey kashmir naheen aaya thaa, isaliye yeh swabhavik roop seey mishrit irani aur madhya asiai prabhaavon key saath chalaa gayaa. isi tarah, kashmiri hindu aise kaam curr rahey they joe bhaarat key roodhivaadi hinduon koo daraa rahey honge. way ack musalman dwara laaya gayaa paani peete they, ack musalman naav mein pakaaya gayaa bhojan khaate they aur yahaan taka kii musalman paalak-maataon koo bhee apane bachchon koo khilaane kii anumati dee jaati thee. isaliye, "rishi" panth kii pehchaan hindu dharm key saath shakahar, jaanvaron koo gair-chot pahunchaane aur bhojan mein lahsun aur pyaaj key upayog seey door rahane mein kii gaee haye. ack kinvadanti key anusaar, nand rishi sookhe dandelian key patton key aahar parr rahata thaa aur laal kaa upadesh dete they aur sakht shakahar kaa abhyaas karate they.
isake alawa, jaba kashmir key antim swatantra shaasak yousaf shaah chuck ney 1586 mein samrat akbar key saath ack sandhi parr hastakshar kiye, jisamen unaki prateekaatmak samprabhuta koo maanyata dee gaee thee, tou sharton mein seey ack yeh thee kii taksal, kesariya aur khel shaahi niyantran mein rahenge.
mugal (1580-1750).
srinagar mein garib logon kaa bhojan ghee, doodh, gomans, pyaaj, sharaab, achaar aur sirke seey banaaya jaataa thaa. mugal yug key dauran chawal, machhali aur kaee sabjiyaan mukhya khaadya padaarth they. khaana pakaane mein makkhan aur vasaa kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog naheen kiya jaataa thaa kyonki maanaa jaataa thaa kii way thhande vatavaran key kaaran khatarnak they. nadee kaa paani dakshin kashmir key logon dwara naheen piyaa gayaa thaa. way daal jheel kaa paani peete they, joe germ, sukhad aur aasaani seey pachane yogya thaa.
1635-36 mein, shahjahan key shasankal key dauran, shiyaon aur sunni key beach ack hinsak sangharsh chhid gayaa jaba donon vargon kaa ack samooh maisuma mein tuti khaa rhaa thaa aur kuchh parr muhammad key khilaf abhadra shabdon kaa upayog karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. 1641 mein, abhootpoorv baadh key baad akaal ney gaanvon koo ujaad curr diyaa. shahjahan ney srinagar mein besahara logon key beach vitarit kiye jaane key liye subedar tarabiyat khaan koo 30,000 rupaye bheje aur yeh bhee adesh diyaa kii ghaati mein paanch kendra khole jaaen taaki jaruratmandon koo muft bhojan upalabdh karaaya jaa sakey.
sikh niyam (1819-1846).
gaayon kii hatyaa koo maut kii sajaa dene yogya aparaadh ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa aur gaayon kii hatyaa key kaee logon koo saarvajanik roop seey fansi dee gaee thee. shasakon kii adoordarshi neeti key kaaran kashmiri ack teevra krishi sankat kaa gawah banaa. sikh shasakon ney sarkaar key hisse key roop mein dhaan utpaadan kaa aadhaa hissa lagaaya. kashmir kii jansankhya 1835 mein 800,000 seey ghatkar 120,000 hoe gaee.
dogra niyam (1846-1947).
motey chawal aur "hakh" mukhya bhojan they. jahan asman bhoo-bhaag aur sinchai suvidhaon kii kamee key kaaran dhaan kii kheti pratibandhit thee, vahaan makka bhojan kaa mukhya padaarth thaa. kashmir key kuchh hisson mein way "sinhara" (paani key meve) jaise jaleey utpaadon parr rahate they.
1878-79 kaa akaal ghaatak thaa. isake alawa, bhookh seey prerit purushon dwara machhali pakadana aur khaana maharaja ranbir sinh key shasankal key dauran ack farman dwara gairkaanooni banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. logon key paas bhoomi barbad karane kaa koee adhikaar naheen thaa aur graameen kaa ekmatra adhikaar thaa kii vaha aisee bhoomi parr pedh lagaa sakata thaa, aur vaha pedon kaa malik thaa, naa kii bhoomi kaa.
pracheen kashmiri granthon mein ullikhit khaadya padaarth.
pracheen kashmiri shaastron/itihas/yaatriyon key vivaranon mein ullikhit khaadya padarthon mein shamil hainh
samagri aur masala.
maans.
murgi, machhali aur khel key alawa, kashmiri kewal mutton (paripakva bhed kaa maans) yaa bakri key maans kaa upayog karate hain. 75 pratishat seey adhik bhed kii aabaadi sankar naslon kii hoti haye aur aam taur parr inhen kashmir merino kahaa jaataa haye joe maans aur oona kaa dohra uddeshya pradaan kartaa haye. bakkarwal" (khanabdosh charvaahe) bakariyaan durlabh kagani nasl kii hoti hain, jinhen maans key mamle mein duniya key sarvshreshth mein seey ack key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
kashmir key kasbon aur gaanvon mein gomans kaa sevan isaki samarthya key liye adhik kiya jaataa haye. uttar bhaarat mein sabse badaa khargosh prajanan farm kashmir key baramula jile key wusan gaanv mein chhah hectare bhoomi parr faila huaa haye. aam janata key beach bhed aur bakri key maans key vikalp key roop mein khargosh key maans kaa sevan lokpriya hoe rhaa haye. hriday sambandhi samasyaon vaale loga khargosh khaate hain kyonki maans koo dubla aur safed maanaa jaataa haye aur iska moolya adhik hotaa haye.
kashmir key sthaaniya huns ("kashmir enz") bhaarat mein pahali aur ekmatra maanyata praapt gharelu huns nasl haye. ghaati mein huns paalan pracheen samay seey haye jaisa kii surr walter aar dwara ullekh kiya gayaa haye. laurence ney apani pustak 'kashmir kii ghaati' mein likhaa haye. srinagar mein, huns mukhya roop seey batmalu aur laal chauk mein vikretaon dwara beche jaate hain, joe gaanvon mein palakon seey huns khareedate hain aur unhein shahar mein rahate hue yaa vadh karke bechate hain.
machhali.
duke off bedford ney 1899 mein britten seey 10,000 trout andey bhejane mein madad kii, lekin durbhagya seey yeye raaste mein hii nasht hoe gaye. agale varsh scotland seey doosari khep aaee. indradhanush aur bhoore rung kii trout kashmir ghaati key liye achchi tarah seey anukoolit hain, jabaki swadeshi snow trout lagaatar falataa-phoolata haye. sthaaniya roop seey "elegad" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa yeh poore ghaati mein khade aur bahate hue jall nikaayon mein paaya jaa sakata haye. kashmir kii himnad dhaaraon seey nikalane vaali trout, halanki anya jagahon kii tulanaa mein chhoti haye, duniya mein sabse swaadisht maani jaati haye. kewal anantnag jile mein 137 niji machhali farm they, jinhen 'bhaarat kaa trout jilaa' ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa.
andey.
kukkut paalan key liye europeeya manakon parr adharit hain, kyonki kashmir mein samaan bhoo-jalavaayu sthitiyaan hain. permaculture aur noo-digg bagwani takneek kaa upayog karke, harr dinn mukt-shreni key andey beche jaa rahey hain. loga chokar kii kismein jaise kalinga braun, vanraja, kashmir vaanijyik parat aadi ekatra karate hain. javic bhoore rung key andon kii niyamit aapoorti key liye. kashmir batakh ("batook") koo ghaati key sabhi jilon mein andey key liye paalaa jaataa haye, jinaki aabaadi sabse adhik haye, jisake baad kupwada, baramula, srinagar aur anya jile aatey hain. kashmir batakh key andey yaa tou safed yaa harey rung key hotey hain aur ausatan unakaa vajan 66.20 g hotaa haye.
kaaleej teetar ("vaan kokur") prati clutch 6 aur 10 andey detaa haye, aur apane olive-green gole mein kewal azwine namak aur makkhan vaale sainikon key chhidkaav key saath naram ubale hue parose jaate hain.
anaaj.
kashmir key loga kashmir ghaati key oonche ilaakon mein ugaaye jaane vaale nutt aur sugandhit "mushkuddi" sahit chawal kii vibhinn kismein khaate hain. anantnag kaa sagam belt sugandhit bhoomi "kamad" key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. kashmiri laal chawal, jise sthaaniya roop seey "zaag bait" kahaa jaataa haye, pakistan kii seema parr tangdhar naamak ack chhote seey gaanv mein ugaaya jaataa haye. chhote binaa polish kiye hue anaaj kii unaki behtar banaavat aur swaad key liye maang kii jaati haye. 2009 mein, iss kshetra key kisaanon ney pahali baar prasiddh basmati chawal kii kataai kii.
sabjiyaan.
sabse mahatvapurna aur aksar upayog kii jaane vaali kashmiri khaadya padaarth hainh "hakh" (collared greens yaa kaale), "monj haak" (noll khol), "tsochel" (mello), "bamchunt" (queens), "kraal teela" (shaferred purse), "saiz posh" (hollie hock), "nadur" (kamal kaa tanaa), "praan" (shollot), "aubuj" (sorel), "mawal" (coxcomb), "wushkofur" (kapoor), "teela gojul" (sarason) aur "gor" (paani-chestnut). daal jheel parr tairta huaa sabji udyaan duniya kaa doosara sabse badaa thoke bajar haye. yuva aur boodhe loga apani lakadi kii naukaaon parr sigaret yaa hukke saajha karate hue motey kaddu aur lauki kii keemat key baare mein bahas karate hain. kashmir kaa paani meethaa hotaa haye aur yeh sabjiyon key swaad aur swaad koo prabhaavit kartaa haye. bikri key liye vastuon mein tamatar, gaajar, kheere, salgam, paani key badam, pattedaar sabjiyaan aur prasiddh "nadur" shamil hain. ack jharjhara aur reshedar jheel kii sabji, "nadur" paaramparik kashmiri rasoi mein ack aparivartaniya ghatak bunn gaee haye. sthaaniya vivaranon mein isaki khoj 15veen shatabdi key sultan zain-ull-abidin seey kii gaee haye, jinhen srinagar key baahari hisse mein sthit gill saar jheel parr shikara kii sawari key dauran chabaau vyanjan seey parichit karaaya gayaa thaa. ack lokpriya kinvadanti key anusaar, kashmiri rahasyavaadi sant koo joe dhaage seey tarasha gayaa thaa (1320-1392), usey daal jheel mein fenk diyaa gayaa thaa, jaba usaki atyachari saas ney uska upahaas kiya aur usey bahut patala karane key liye taanaa maaraa thaa. yeye anant kaal key liye "nadur" key tantuon mein badal gaye.
sthaaniya roop seey "hokh syun" key roop mein jaani jaane vaali dhoop mein sookhi sabjiyon kaa sevan taaja upaj key cumm honey key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. garmiyon key dauran, sabjiyon koo chhilka, kataa huaa, namkeen aur dhoop mein sukhaaya jaataa haye taaki unhein sardiyon key liye sanrakshit kiya jaa sakey. hokh syun" kii vibhinn kismon mein sookhe tamatar ("ruangun hetch"), sookhe lauki ("all hetch"), sookhe salgam key tukade ("gojji hetch"), sookhe queens ("bamchount hetch") aur sookhe paalak ("hoach paalak") shamil hain. madhya kashmir key charaar sharif kshetra mein, sookhe nashpati, jinhen sthaaniya roop seey "tanga hetch" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, koo ack swaadisht vyanjan maanaa jaataa haye.
himm parvat lahsun, jise kashmiri lahsun key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, "alium sativum" kii ack durlabh ekal-laung kism haye. neeche kii laung chamkili safed seey malaidar-safed rung kii hoti haye aur anya kismon mein maujood amlata key binaa ack majboot, teekha lahsun kaa swaad pradaan karati haye.
jangalon mein, pashuon key liye pashuon key liye jangli mashroom ("kanguchi") aur asparagus ("pargala") ikattha kiye jaate hain, joe donon rasoiyon dwara atyadhik moolyavaan hain. kashmir ghaati bhaarat mein ekmatra sthaan haye, jahan satluj ugataa haye. saath key dashak taka, yeh pulwam, badgam, rajbagh, tangmarg aur gulmarg mein kashmir mein vyaapak roop seey ugaaya jaataa thaa. abb taka satluj kii kheti kaa kshetra tangmarg aur gulmarg taka hii seemit haye.
cheeni aur mithaas.
babool key foolon kaa najuk amrit traal, verinag aur anya sthaanon mein shahad banaata haye.
phal.
kashmiri seb apane russ aur vishisht swaad key liye bhee prasiddh haye. akele 2019 mein, kashmir ney 19 laakh metrick tunn seey adhik seb kaa utpaadan kiya, joe bhaaratiya raajyon mein sabse adhik haye. isake alawa, bhaarat key akhrot utpaadan mein kashmir kaa yogdan 90 pratishat haye. kashmiri akhrot poshak tatvon kaa ack badaa srot hain aur duniya bhar mein isaki vyaapak maang haye. kaee saal pahale, akhrot kaa tail khaana pakaane kaa ack madhyam huaa kartaa thaa aur vyanjanon koo ack meethaa aur poshak swaad pradaan kartaa thaa.
muhammad kulee afshar kabul seey cherry laae aur akbar key samay mein unhein lagaaya. cherry kii mishree kism kashmir mein prasiddh haye aur anya kismon kii tulanaa mein adhik meethi haye. way khanijon, vitaminon aur paudhon key yaugikon seey bharey hotey hain. kashmir key videshi jamun meethe aur khatte tunt ("tuel" aur "shaah-tuel"), raspberry ("chhanch"), barberry ("kavduch") aur laal berry ("haapat meva") hain. srinagar key baahari ilaake mein gasu kshetra strawberry (istabar) kataai key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
yuri key eurosa gaanv mein kuchh dashak pahale vaanijyik uddeshyon key liye narangi kii kheti shuru kii gaee thee. jalavaayu aur mitty baaki kashmir kii tulanaa mein apekshaakrit germ haye aur fasal key liye anukool haye. iss pahaadi kshetra mein, sookshm jalavaayu bhoomadhyasagariya fasalon jaise nimbu aur jaitoon key liye achchi haye. nimbu panjab key nimbu seey behtar aur rasdar hotey hain. jangli jaitoon kii ack upa-prajaati joe bahut adhik phal naheen detee haye, lekin kathor, khurdara paristhitiyon mein bhee ugati haye, kaa upayog falon kii kismon key saath kalam banaane key liye kiya jaataa haye, harr saal lagbhag 1,000 leater atirikt virgine olive tail kaa utpaadan kartaa haye.
harud" mein, kashmir key logon kaa kataai kaa mausam, padosiyon, rishtedaron aur doston koo angur kaa ack hissa detaa haye. poore kashmir key itihas mein mitty aur jalavaayu viticulture key liye upayukt rahee haye. lataon koo poppler aur shahatoot key pedon parr ugaane kii anumati dee gaee thee. aadhikarik anumaanon key anusaar, kashmir mein lagbhag 500 seey 600 hectare bhoomi parr angur kii kheti kii jaati haye aur harr saal utpaadan 1100 seey 1500 metrick tunn taka jaataa haye.
vasaa.
iss kshetra mein mukhya khaana pakaane kii vasaa sarason kaa tail haye, jise una paudhon key beejon seey dabaaya jaataa haye jinake peele phool vasant mein pahaadiyon parr kaaleen lagaate hain. sunhara tail swaad mein extra virgine olive oyal key samaan hotaa haye. thhande dabaaye gaye kashmiri akhrot kaa tail meethaa aur mitty kaa swaad haye, aur apane nutt swaad aur kaee swaasthya laabhon key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
dugdh utpaad.
kashmir mein kaee dashak pahale holstein fryzian (aich. aff.) aur jersey gaayon koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa, joe prati dinn 40 laakh leater doodh kaa utpaadan karati theen. chinar key patton mein lipate javic kashmiri makkhan pichhale varshon mein aam they, lekin abb kewal kuchh hii loga bechate hain. paaramparik roop seey pakey hue himalayi cheez koo kashmir mein doodh kii rotty yaa "maish craze" kahaa jaataa haye.
masaale.
kashmiri kesar apani sugandh, rung aur aushadhiya moolya key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. pampore shahar key kesar koo irani kism kii tulanaa mein 8.72% crossin samagri key saath behtar gunavatta kaa maanaa jaataa haye jisamen 6.82% hotaa haye. maee 2020 mein, kashmiri kesar koo ack bhaugolik sanket tagg diyaa gayaa thaa. masala "shaahi jeeraa" yaa shaahi jeeraa yaa kaalaa jeeraa apiacy (ajmod) parivaar seey sambandhit haye aur shuru mein gurez ghaati key jangalon mein upalabdh thaa. yeye gahare rung key beej niyamit bhoore rung key "jeeraa" key vipareet apani gandh, saapeksh durlabhata aur aakar key kaaran behtar gunavatta key hotey hain.
upayog kiye jaane vaale masalon mein seh
kashmir mein chattan key namak kaa sevan kaafee purana haye. yeh pakistani panjab key khevra kshetra seey ayaat kiya gayaa thaa aur abhee bhee kiya jaa rhaa haye, jahan ise pahali baar 326 bee mein alekjendar dha grate key sainikon dwara khoja gayaa thaa.see. swatantrata seey pahale, mugal sadak key madhyam seey chattan namak kaa ayaat kiya jaataa thaa, jise mugalon key aagaman seey pahale "namak" maarg kahaa jaataa thaa. vibhajan key baad, isaki aapoorti parr roque lagaa dee gaee thee. isake laabhon key kaaran, abb lagbhag ack chauthai aabaadi dwara iska sevan kiya jaa rhaa haye.
mausam key anusaar vishesh.
vasant koo aksar lambi aur kathor sardiyon key baad kayakalp kaa mausam maanaa jaataa haye. picnic, jinamen seey kashmiriyon koo bahut pasand haye, bhojan key vishay key aspas yojana banaai jaati haye. graameen kshetra badam ("badaam"), aadoo ("sunami") aur cherry ("gilla") key safed aur gulabi foolon seey bharaa huaa haye. sarason key khet apane chamkile peele foolon key saath show mein shamil hotey hain. nashpati ("taang") key foolon kii pehchaan unake foolon key ghaney guchhe seey kii jaa sakati haye. khubani ("tsar") phool safed rung key hotey hain, aksar gulabi yaa laal rung key saath rangate hain. way vasant key anta seey garmiyon kii shuruat taka badhate hain. same ack vasant ritu kii sabji haye. cherry vasant key anta aur garmiyon kaa phal haye. dhaniya ("danival") ack thhandi jadee booty haye jiska mausam vasant aur garmiyon key beach thhande kshetron mein pramukh hotaa haye. lahsun ("rohan") mukhya roop seey vasant aur sharad ritu mein paaya jaataa haye. tarbooj (kharbooj) vasant aur garmiyon mein ugaaya jaane vaalaa phal haye. vasant ritu key komal "hakh" (collared greens) koo "kanul" kahaa jaataa haye.
kamal key taney ("nadur") kii kataai kaa mausam sitambar mein shuru hotaa haye. sharad ritu kii shuruat key saath bajar sookhi sabjiyon ("hokh syun") seey bhar jaate hain. dalgate kshetra mein chinar key pedh kii chhaaya mein purush machhali pakadate hain. chawal kii fasal "harud" (sharad ritu) kii bhavna seey shuru hoti haye. graameen ilaakon mein jaate hue, aap dekh sakate hain kii dhaan koo daranti seey kaataa jaa rhaa haye aur phir sookhane key liye badey dheron mein dher kiya jaa rhaa haye. nashpray angaaron mein badam bhunaa jaataa haye. poore khilate kesariya khet, pulwam zile key ack hisse, pampore mein aapka swaagat karate hain. pahaadi kshetron kii or jaate hue makke aur akhrot key pedon koo unake phal kataai key liye taiyar hotey hue dekhaa jaa sakata haye. uttar kashmir mein sopore key seb utpaadak kshetron yaa dakshin kashmir mein shopian kii or jaate hue, aap dekh sakate hain kii seb key dibbon koo desh key vibhinn hisson mein leey jaaya jaa rhaa haye.
lambi sardiyon key dauran dinn cumm hotey hain, dhoop aur bijli kii kamee hoti haye, isaliye dilchasp bhojan key alawa bahut kuchh naheen haye joe astitva koo jeevant curr sakata haye, isaliye yeh kashmiriyon key jeevan kaa ack pramukh hita haye. jaba bhaari barfbari key kaaran gaanv kii sabhi sadaken avaruddh hoe jaati hain aur gaanv vaalon koo tail key deepak yaa mitty key tail kii lalten kaa upayog karna padata haye, tou poore parivaar koo rasoi mein bulaaya jaataa haye jahan raat bhar key "shab deeg" kaa swaad poori jagah bhar jaataa haye. kashmir key sheetkaleen bhojan mein sabhi prakaar kii daalen shamil hainh "rajmah", "mong", "masoor", "chanaa" aur "warimuth". kohalrabi ("monje") thhand sahansheel haye, aur sardiyon mein kheton mein itna badhata rahata haye kii thodaa saa paalaa bhee isamen madad kartaa haye.
vyanjanon kii soochi.
kuchh prasiddh kashmiri vyanjanon mein shamil hainh
barbecue.
kabaab kii utpatti kaa ack sanskaran vaha haye jisamen turkey sainikon koo pahali baar khuli aag parr maans key tukadon koo grill karane key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa. kashmir key kabaab sthaaniya masalon key saath pakaaye jaate hain aur dubki key saathah
subah kaa nashta.
ausat kashmiri key liye, nashte kaa arth aam taur parr sthaaniya bekari seey taaja rotty aur ack cup "dopahar kii chaay" (namak chaay) hotaa haye. kuchh kifayati vilasitaon mein shamil hainh
vaazavaan vyanjan.
bhaaratiya upmahadweep key adhikansh vyanjanon key vipareet, jahaan lapaton parr khaana pakaane key dauran bhojan mein swaad jodaa jaataa haye, vaazavaan swaad jode jaate hain, jabaki vyanjan koo abhee bhee swaad vaale paani koo taiyar karane yaa swaad vaale paani (ausmosis) mein bhigo curr binaa pakaaye rakhaa jaataa haih
soop.
soop aksar naee maataon koo diye jaate hainh
meatball.
vazas" koo sahee katauti karane aur maans koo poornata taka ground karane kii kalaa seekhane key liye varshon taka prashikshit kiya jaataa haye. paaramparik roop seey, bhed key bachche koo akhrot kii lakadi seey pees diyaa jaataa haih
shakahari paksh.
kashmir mein tanon sabjiyaan aur vann upaj kaa utpaadan hotaa haye. paaramparik vyanjan iss prakaar hainh
mashroom.
himalaya kii talhati mein ugaaye jaane vaale, goochi mashroom ("kanguchi") duniya mein kavak mein sabse mahange hain. way kashmir mein sadatee hui lakadi key tukadon parr samoohon mein ugate hainh
"tshamaan" (kuteer cheez).
kashmir mein panir koo "shchman" kahaa jaataa haye. masaledar masaale meethe swaad vaale varnakram mein aatey hain jiska arth haye jeeraa aur bhune hue dhaniya jaise mitty key masalon key saath bahut dalchini, gadaa aur laung kaa upayog karna. pahaadi bhugol mein taaja adarak kii kamee kaa matlab yeh bhee haye kii adarak ack masala haye. panir key vyanjan iss prakaar hainh
chutney/"raayata".
kashmiri vaazavaan kii chhaaya vaali underbelly kahalaane vaale, way vyanjanon mein vaastavik rung jodate hain. jaba kashmiri baahar khaana khaane yaa paik karane jaate hain tou unhein muft mein parosa jaane kii ummeed kii jaati haye. masaledar spread kii kismein hainh
machhali.
kashmir taaje paani kii jheelon aur nadiyon seey bharaa huaa haih
chawal.
jammu kshetra key logon kii tulanaa mein kashmiri bahut adhik chawal khaate hainh
andey.
kuchh graameen kshetron mein, "kanger" (aag key bartan) mein ack yaa dou andey dene kii parampara pratyek vyakti koo pataa haye. canger" mein andey koo pakaane kii sugandh enzymon koo trigger karegi joe andey key taiyar honey kaa sanket detee haih
khel/shikaar kiye gaye janwar ("shikaar").
anumaanon key anusaar, ausatan harr dinn kashmir mein ardrabhoomi mein pakshiyon koo maar diyaa jaataa haih shikaar kaa khel ("shikaar") aamtaur parr turant naheen pakaaya jaataa haye. ise pakaane key liye taiyar karane seey pahale kuchh dinon ("ficender") key liye latka denaa padata haye. latkaane seey maans komal aur cumm reshedar hoe jaataa haye, jisase yeh khaane mein swaadisht hoe jaataa haye.
british bhaarat mein, "marcor" (pench seeng bakri) koo sabse chunautipurna khel prajaatiyon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa thaa. yeh duniya kii sabse badee jangli bakri haye. ise sthaaniya roop seey sabse swaadisht jangli maans maanaa jaataa haye.
bhaaratiya jangli suar koo himalaya kshetra mein ack dogra sainya general maharaja gulab sinh dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa. iska maans kutton aur sikhon key liye ack bahut achchha vyanjan thaa, lekin 1947 key baad muslim bahul kshetra mein isaki aabaadi cumm honey luggy.
khel key vyanjan hainh
dall.
kashmiri pandit joe shakahari they aur joe pyaaj aur tamatar bhee naheen khaate they, unhein "daal batta" (daal pandit) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaah
kinvit khaadya padaarth.
kashmiri duniya key sabse madhur vyanjanon mein seey ack haye. kashmir key khaadya itihas mein achaar kii ack mahatvapurna bhoomika haye joe kathor sardiyon key kaaran cutt jaataa thaah
panir.
kashmir ghaati key khanabdosh charvaahe, "gurjar" aur "bekarwal" badalate mausam key aadhar parr apane dayeri maveshiyon key jhund aur apani bastiyon koo pahaadon parr oopar aur neeche leey jaate hainh
angreji pastery.
1918 seey pahale, ahdoos key abdul ahaad bhaat, nedu mein angreji bekaron key sanrakshan mein they, joe austro-swiss michael nedu key swaamitva vaale srinagar key ack hotal mein thaa. unhone jaldi seey becking kii kalaa koo apanaaya, aur ack chhoti see bekari shuru kii, joe usa samay ack kashmiri dwara pahali thee. ahdoos kii visheshta angreji mein achchi thee, aur jaise-jaise bhaarat british shasson seey swatantrata kii or badhaa, usane menu mein kashmiri vastuon koo jodaa. mugal darbar kii sthaapana 1984 mein aavaasiya sadak parr kii gaee thee aur sadak key samanantar jee aine haye, jisaki sthaapana 1972 mein ghumam nabi sophi dwara kii gaee thee. inn naee bekari key kaee maalikon aur karmchaariyon ney ahdu mein prashikshan liya haye. vibhinn prakaar key pastery mein shamil hainh
anya pakey hue khaadya padaarth.
kashmir ghaati apani bekari parampara, "qandarwan" key liye prasiddh haye. bhaaratiya upmahadweep mein kaheen aur khamiri rotty kii itani badee vividhata naheen paaee jaa sakati haye, joe kashmiriyon kii bhojan kii aadton parr kendriya asiai prabhaav kaa ack aur sanket haye. kashmir mein daal jheel parr yaa srinagar key kendra mein, bekari kii dukaanen vistrit roop seey rakhee jaati hain. bakers vibhinn prakaar kii bread bechate hain, jinake oopar tila aur khaskhas key saath sunhare bhoore rung kii parat hoti haye. "tsot" aur "tsochvar" chhoti goal rotty hain, jinake oopar khaskhas aur tila key beej hotey hain, joe kurkura aur paratdaar hotey hain, "sarasar", "bakarkhain" (puff pastery), "lavas" (akhmiri rotty) aur "kulcha" bhee lokpriya hain. "girade" aur "laava" makkhan key saath parose jaate hain.
kashmiri vyanjanon mein kashmiri bakarkhani kaa vishesh sthaan haye. yeh dikhane mein ack goal naan key samaan haye, lekin kurkura aur paratdaar haye, aur tila key saath chhidka jaataa haye. ise aamtaur parr nashte key dauran germ khaaya jaataa haye.
peya padaarth.
dopahar kii chaay yaa sarasar chaay.
kashmiri bhaari chaay peene vaale hain. kashmiri "kashmiri chaay" shabd kaa upayog naheen karate hain. kashmiri mein "dopahar" shabd kaa arth haye namak. sabse lokpriya peya gulabi rung kii namkeen chaay haye jise "dopahar kii chaay" kahaa jaataa haye."yeh kaali chaay, doodh, namak aur soda key bicarbonate seey banaaya jaataa haye. chaay kaa vishesh rung isaki taiyari kii anoothi vidhi aur soda key sanyojan kaa parinam haye. kashmiri hindu aamtaur parr iss chaay koo "sarasar chaay" key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain."kashmiri musalman ise" "dopahar kii chaay" "yaa" "namkeen chaay" "key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain, donon kaa arth haye namkeen chaay.
dopahar kii chaay yaa sarasar chaay kashmiri gharon mein ack aam nashte kii chaay haye aur ise "kandoor" (kashmirih kandar) yaa becker seey taaja laaee gaee bakarkhani jaisi rotty key saath liya jaataa haye. yeh ack kashmiri ghar mein sabse buniyaadi aur aavashyak khaadya padarthon mein seey ack haye. chaay badey saamvaron mein parosi jaati thee. abb, samvar kaa upayog vishesh avsaron taka seemit haye aur aam taur parr ketalon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
badam aur pista jaise meve aur khaane yogya gulab kii pankhudiyon koo bhee parosane seey pahale jodaa jaa sakata haye aur kabhi-kabhi chaay koo chipchipahat aur samriddhi dene key liye "malaai" yaa taaja cream milai jaati haye.
liptone chaay.
kashmir mein, chaay anivarya roop seey namkeen gulabi chaay haye. kissy bhee anya cheez koo "lipton chaay" kahaa jaataa haye kyonki lipton chaay kaa pahala brand thaa joe chaay bechane key saath aaya thaa.
kahwah.
vivaah bhojon, tyohaaron aur dhaarmik sthaanon parr, "kahwah" parosane kii pratha haye-kesar, masaale aur badam yaa akhrot seey bunny hurry chaay. alag-alag gharon mein kahwah kii 20 seey adhik kismein taiyar kii jaati hain. kuchh loga kahwah (aadhaa doodh aur aadhaa kahwah) mein doodh bhee daalate hain. iss chaay koo kashmir key chhote gaanvon key kuchh kashmiri hinduon dwara "mugal chaay" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. kashmir key shaharon key kashmiri musalman aur kashmiri hindu ise "kahwah" yaa "kahwah" key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain.
praakritik khanij jall.
kashmir key sabse puraane aur shuddh vasant jall mein seey ack, kokernag vasant, aaney vaale vasant jall mein uchch kshaariyata hoti haye aur yeh khanijon key saath achchi tarah seey santulit hotaa haye.
babybol.
babybol sharbat" meethaa doodh, gulab jall yaa "rooh afza" sirap aur sthaaniya roop seey ugaaye jaane vaale bhigoye hue meethe tulsi key beejon kaa mishran haye.
lias.
dahee yaa kefir seey banaa, kashmiri lassi ("lyas") dahee peene kaa ack taral, namkeen tarika haye. lakadi key "choomaf" yaa manthan key saath chhaachh koo manthan karane kii prakriya layabaddh haye aur isamen ack kalaa shamil haye. dahee koo sahee tareeke seey manthan karna padata haye, makkhan kii vasaa koo ack achche jhaag mein oopar taka tairna padata haye, masaale aur sookhe pudine key patte sahee honey chaahiye.
sadar-aeye-kenz.
yeh kinvit chawal kaa paani peene seey sust yakrit key liye bahut achchha maanaa jaataa haye.
shaahi sheera.
vibhinn jaamunon kaa russ nikalkar banaaya jaataa haye, ise ramjan key dauran ghar parr taiyar kiya jaataa haye. yeh 1977 kii kashmiri film "ernimal" mein dikhaai detee haye jahan mehmann shaadi key utsav key dauran peya kii chuski leey rahey hain.
bhojan aur peya kii jodee.
paaramparik kashmiri vaazavaan, jisamen dheere-dheere pakaa huaa maans vyanjan shamil haye, ack adbhut jodee haye joe whisky key masaledar noton koo badhaati haye. loyer valley wine sainsar kashmiri "goshtabeh" key saath achchi tarah seey jaataa haye. ack pakey hue phal kaa laal rung poorna shareer vaale "rogan josh" key saath achchi tarah seey kaam kartaa haye. montepulsiano key saath koshish karane key liye ack anushansit sharaab haye.
vishesh avsar aur tyohar.
eed-ull-fitra.
upvaas karate samay, musalman dinn key dauran bhojan karane seey bachate hain, jabaki shaam koo, way dinn key dauran taiyar kiye gaye atirikt vishesh, bharpur bhojan mein shamil hotey hain. ramjan maheene key menu mein "khajur kaa laddu" (khajur kii genden), "babybol" (tulsi key beej), "kulfi", "firin", "simni", "fruit chaat", "fruit custard", "katir" (swaasthya laabhon seey bharaa peya) aur "dopahar kii chaay" shamil hain. dheere-dheere pakaaye gaye mutton hovers kii gandh, havaa mein sugandhit aur umas bharee, aur srinagar mein apratyashitata kii parichit havaa key bavjood, aatmaaen oonchi hain aur sadaken "eed mubarak" kii khushiyon seey bharee hui hain.
eed-ull-adhaa.
jaise-jaise tyohar karib aataa haye, adhikansh sampann parivaar dawat key liye "vaaza" key saath order denaa shuru curr dete hain, jise rasoiyon dwara apane sthaanon parr pakaaya jaataa haye aur phir grahakon koo unake gharon mein parosane key liye becha jaataa haye. bully dene vaale jaanvaron mein dilli vaalaa, merino cross, bekarwal aur kashmiri bhed kii kismein shamil hain.
hajrat sheikh davud key urs.
bhakton koo kewal shakahari bhojan kii aapoorti kii jaati haye. baitmalu aur aspas key kshetron mein adhikansh loga shakahari hoe jaate hain aur maans yaa murgi naheen khaate hain. way vyaapak roop seey sookhe shaljam ("gojji aarey") kaa sevan karate hain kyonki aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii lakadi key samay key dauran, vibhinn salgamon ney kashmir koo akaal seey bachane mein madad kii thee.
khwaja masood vallie key urs.
pampore key loga maans koo chhodkar sookhi sabjiyan, andey, panir aur anya khaadya padaarth pakaate hain aur sant kii parampara koo jeevit rakhane key liye apane rishtedaron, doston koo dopahar key bhojan yaa raat key khaane parr aamantrit karate hain.
dastagir saahab key urs.
srinagar key khanyar aur saraay baalaa kshetron mein, bhakton koo mandiron key baahar dekhaa jaataa haye jahaan sthaaniya aur gair-sthaaniya vyaavsaayik pratishthaan apani gaadiyan sthaapit karate hain aur kashmiri paaramparik khaadya padaarth bechate hue dekhe jaate hain. dharmparayan loga khajur aur mithaaiyon key prasaad parr hriday seey bhajan gaate hain.
urs off reshmol saahab.
dakshini kashmir key anantnag jile mein loga 16veen shatabdi key rahasyavaadi key sammaan mein maans khaana chhod dete hain. inn saat dinon key dauran shayed hii kabhi kasai kii dukaan khuli rahati haye. sant key urs seey pahale aur baad mein saadhe teen dinon taka loga imali mein moolie goonthkar khaate hain.
muharram.
muharram key pahale duss dinon mein, joe kii karbala kii trasdi koo chihnit kartaa haye, doodh adharit chawal kii kheer "mayir" taiyar kii jaati haye. poore 10vein dinn, mehmaanon koo "ashura", "kehwa" parosa jaataa haye aur sadak parr shoke manaane vaalon koo "mayir" aur "sharbat" vitarit kiya jaataa haye.
herath.
kashmiri panditon key liye, shivaratri pooja mein "prasaad" chadhaana ack charger haye jisamen chawal, pakaa huaa bhed kaa bachcha aur machhali aur dher key oopar poori tarah seey ack sugandhit kachchi machhali hoti haye.
khet mawas.
amavasya" yaa "paush" (disambar-janwari) key kaale pakhwade key antim dinn manaaya jaane vaalaa "khet mawas" yaa "yakshamavasya" kashmiri panditon kaa ack mahatvapurna tyohar haye. ack mutton "kheechadi" jise thodaa saa dahee mein taaza mutton marinet kiya jaataa haye, koo balidan key roop mein chadhaaya jaataa haye.
harr naum.
aashad" maheene key 9vein dinn, kashmir mein pandit bhagwan koo haldi key saath pakaaye gaye sharika peele chawal, thodaa tail aur namak key saath "sarvan" (bakri kaa yakrit) chadhaate hain.
pravaasi aur sanlayan vyanjan.
kashmir mein tibbat key nirvaasit, jinamen tibbat kii chhoti musalman aabaadi key sadasya bhee shamil hain, srinagar mein rahate hain, mukhya roop seey 18veen shatabdi key hurry parvat kille key paas ack chhote seey kshetra mein. lokpriya "momo" (gomans kii pakaudi) kii dukaanen aur tibbati restaraan unake bachchon dwara chalaae jaate hain. tibbati vikalpon mein cantonese chikan aur "kumlu" vonton, taley hue paasta koo bareek kiye hue mashroom key saath bharaa jaataa haye.
kashmiri sikh vyanjanon kaa panjab seey pyaaj aur tamatar key saath thodaa prabhaav padata haye, lekin swaad "badyan" ("sauf") jaise tatvon key saath kashmiri tareeke seey jaataa haye. badee sankhya mein bhaaratiya paryatak poori tarah seey "vaishno dhaabon" parr nirbhar hain, joe ghaati key samanya gair-aeye/see restaraan hain joe sabhi shakahari uttar bhaaratiya bhojan kii seva karate hain.
khaana pakaane key tareeke.
kashmiri vyanjanon koo shikshan key madhyam seey, tanga rasoi mein maan seey betty taka, tail key bartanon parr ack saath khade hocker paarit kiya jaataa haye.
brazing.
kashmiri "hakh" key patton koo bahut saare paani mein goonth liya jaataa haye. yeh sunishchit karna bahut mahatvapurna haye kii "hakh" khaana pakaane kii praarambhik prakriya key dauran lakadi key spatula yaa badey chammach kaa upayog karke paani key neeche duba rahey taaki lagaatar hariyali koo neeche dhakel diyaa jaa sakey. sarason kaa tail, jiska upayog kashmiri vyanjanon mein badey paimaane parr kiya jaataa haye, vyanjan koo ack atirikt swaad pradaan kartaa haye.
court-baulan.
vaazavaan" kaa mukhya kaushal pyaaj aur shallot seey baney stock kii taiyari mein nihit haye.
munn mohana.
poore masalon koo tail mein talaa jaanaa chaahiye-laung, ilayachi, dalchini, tejpatta. bahut cumm talaa huaa, aur vyanjan binaa khushbu key nirjeev hoe jaayega. ack doosara bahut adhik, aur ack key paas kadvaahat key alawa kuchh naheen bachega.
carmelisation.
kataa huaa pyaaj sunhara bhura honey taka talaa jaataa haye aur cumm seey cumm paani seey shuddh kiya jaataa haye.
payasikaran.
dahee vasaayukt, motaa honah chaahiye. sookhe pudina, buss ack chutaki, vyanjan koo taaza karane key liye anta mein jodaa jaataa haye.
ubalo.
masalon koo samagri key saath dheere-dheere pakaane seey bhojan koo apana swaad aur banaavat milati haye jaba taka kii way apane antarnihit russ aur vasaa koo baahar naheen chhod dete aur ack saath pighal jaate hain.
khaana banaana.
shab deeg" mein khaana pakaane key bartan koo sardiyon kii lambi raat mein ack ubalati aag parr pakaane seey pahale aate seey seal curr diyaa jaataa haye.
komalata.
"goshtabeh" aur "rista", dou meatball vyanjan ghaati key baahar shayed hii kabhi paae jaate hain kyonki unaki anoothi banaavat bahut chunautipurna haye. bhed koo taaja maarnaa padata haye aur maans koo kathor mrityu seey pahale pees diyaa jaataa haye.
khaana pakaane kii samagri.
vosta" (ustaad) yaa shafe vazeer ahmed araam key anusaar bartanon kii gunavatta mahatvapurna haye. unakaa kahana haye kii unamen tambe kii sahee samagri honey chaahiye. lakadi (akhrot aur seb sabse achche hain) kaa upayog karna bhee mahatvapurna haye. gais parr khaana banaana ack jaisa naheen haye.
vishesh upkaran.
kashmiri bhojan pakaane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale vishesh upkaran hainh
daan.
samanya dinon mein hindu aur muslim donon gharon mein khaana pakaane kaa kaam jyaadaatar ack "daan" parr kiya jaataa haye, joe lagbhag 3 feat gunaa 2 feat lamba aur dedh phut oonchaa ack aaytaakaar mitty kaa ovan hotaa haye.
traim.
yeye badey peetal key plate hain jinka upayog bhojan parosane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
lease/digul/deegcha.
kashmiri panditon mein, adhikansh vyanjan pakey hue mitty key bartanon mein pakaaye jaate hain. kashmir mein upayog kiye jaane vaale bartan goal tala vaale hotey hain.
tashat-naar.
yeye ack portable wash besin aur ack ghadaa haye joe badey bhoj key dauran haath dhone key liye chaaron or seey gujarta haye.
gospar-caine.
yeye ack sapaat motey patthar aur akhrot kii lakadi seey banaa ack lakadi kaa guchhe hain joe maans koo bareek banaavat mein kaatane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye.
cratch.
yeye vibhinn prakaar key lakadi key chammach aur ladd hain jinka upayog mitty key bartanon mein bhojan koo ghumaane key liye kiya jaataa haye taaki aadhar khurach naa jaae.
khalur-dulaa.
yeh ack patthar kaa mortar haye jisamen lakadi kaa pastel hotaa haye jiska upayog chutney aur pest peesane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
samovar.
iss jug key aakar key dhaatu key ghise key ander ack lambi nully hoti haye joe lakadi key koyale seey bharee hoti haye, joe chaay koo bartan banaane mein rakhti haye.
anya rashtriya vyanjanon key saath samaantaaen.
kashmir, isake logon aur isaki kathaa paramparaon kii tarah, kashmiri vyanjan bhee madhya asia, faras, chean aur bhaaratiya upmahadweep key prabhaavon kaa ack mishran haye. ack sanskriti seey doosari sanskriti mein paarit khaadya vyanjan hainh
kashmiri bhojan kaa shishtachar.
kashmiri milansar hotey hain aur unhein saajha karna pasand hotaa haye. bhasha aur bhojan iss kshetra kii pehchaan key dou mahatvapurna bhaag hain. 'kahaa jaataa haye kii joe thheek seey khaayega vaha desh parr shasson karega. kashmir kii ack dilchasp shaadi kii parampara mein navavivaahit jode koo ack saath "rotty" banaana shamil haye. jabaki dulhan aate koo chapata karati haye aur ise tavey parr daalati haye, dulha ise palatane aur yeh sunishchit karane key liye jimmedaar hotaa haye kii yeh puck gayaa haye. kashmiri vyanjanon key swaad key baare mein bahut vishesh hain. bhojan key parkhi aasaani seey ack hii goffen kaa swaad leey sakate hain aur ise pakaane vaale "vazaa" kaa naam dey sakate hain. jaba film nirmaata vivek agnihotri ney shakahari vaazavaan key vichaar kaa prastaav rakhate hue ack ahankari tweet likhaa, tou soshal media mein sahaj virodh huaa. isake alawa, bahu-michelin-starr shafe aur television vyaktitva, gorden ramse ney khud koo kashmiriyon dwara apane "rogan josh" key liye aalochana kaa saamana karna padaa, jinhone tippani kii kii maans aur gravy kaa cutt galat thaa.
kashmir mein kahaa jaataa haye kii bhojan kaa swaad aur roop donon achchha honah chaahiye. isaki sugandh swaadisht honey chaahiye. bhojan kii safalata aankho, naak aur phir jeebh key prati isaki appeal mein nihit haye. koee bhee ghatana, jaise kii kissy key ghar mein ack atithi koo praapt karna, seey laker khatna yaa shaadi jaisi pramukh ghatana, sabse swaadisht vyanjanon koo taiyar karane, rakhane, parosane aur ack saath khaane kaa utsav bunn jaataa haye. swaadisht vyanjanon koo padosiyon koo swaad lene key liye diyaa jaataa haye aur jaba padosi kii rasoi seey munh seey paani kii badbu aatee haye tou nasikaon mein gudgudi aur pralobhan hotaa haye tou kuchh maangane mein koee sherm naheen hoti haye.
vishal "dastarkhan" (safed chaadaren) usa farsh parr faile hotey hain jiss parr bhojan parosa jaataa haye. chaahe vaha kitna bhee vinamra yaa uchch hoe, "dastarkhan" hamesha garmajoshi seey aatithya aur utsaah kaa kendra rhaa haye. badey kashmiri ratribhoj mein, aam taur parr sou seey paanch sou logon koo aamantrit kiya jaataa haye. jaba seey vidroh aur usake parinamswarup hui hinsa aur raktapaat, bhojan aur bhee adhik saarthak hoe gayaa haye kyonki pratyek bhojan jeevan key utsav kaa prateek haye. yeh ullekhaniya haye kii "vazas" (samarkandi rasoiyon key vanshaj), jinaki dukaanen srinagar shahar key vishesh kshetron mein sthit hain, kashmir mein ack mahatvapurna raajneetik samooh banaate hain.
sabhi vyanjan haath seey khaae jaate hain kyonki kashmiri bhojan key saath antarang sambandh mein vishvaas karate hain. aadhyatmik aur dhaarmik puraane bachche bhee bhojan key lambe samay baad kaana key upaasthi yaa majja kii haddiyon parr chomp karane mein koee sankoch mahsoos naheen karate hain, aur thaali parr sub kuchh dher mein daal dete hain. koee bhee palak naheen maartaa haye. yadi koee khaadya kismon yaa atirikt madad karane seey incar kartaa haye tou kashmiri ise anadar maanate hain. aggar aap atirikt seva karane seey incar karate hain tou way marane kii shapath lete hue unhein manaane key liye bahut mehnat curr sakate hain!
bhojan seey sambandhit kahaavaten.
kashmiri bhasha mein kahaavaten, majakia kahaavaten aur muhavaredar shabd-sanyojan prachur matra mein paae jaate hain. khaadya vishayon aur sthitiyon parr kahaavaten hainh
kashmir key bhojan parr prasiddh rasoiye.
bhaarat mein.
celebrity shafe sanjeev kapoor key liye, kashmir kaa bhojan bhaarat key sheersh teen videshi khaadya padarthon mein seey ack haye. shafe ranveer brar koo kashmiri chaay pasand haye, jisamen niyamit doodh kii chaay koo gulabi rung dene key liye gulab kii pankhudiyon koo jodaa jaataa thaa. shafe thomas zacharias kashmir mein agyaat paak ratnon kii khoj karane key liye ack mission parr gaye. apane pahale dinn subah, vaha ack "shikara" mein daal jheel key 150 saal puraane tairate bajar mein gaye aur kesar key dibbon key saath chaley gaye. srinagar seey ack ghante kii doori parr sthit langanbal gaanv mein thomas ney sthaaniya cheezon aur harey-bharey anaaj kaa namuna liya. bhaaratiya uchchaaran kaa maneesh mehrotra kashmiri "haakh saag" shorba key saath mukhya pathyakram kaa paalan curr sakata haye. vaha kashmiri mirch kii jadon koo samajhata haye aur jiss tarah seey iska upayog rosemarra kii khaana pakaane mein kiya jaataa haye. agrani khaadya lekhak jiggs kalra ney apane dilli restaraan mein kashmiri "nadur churma" kaa ack nirjalit sanskaran banaaya, jisake oopar laal mirch thee aur ise teekhi moolie aur akhrot kii chutney key saath parosa gayaa. celebrity shafe, nalini motee saadhu, puraskar vijeta matmal restaraan key madhyam seey, kashmiri pandit aur vazavaan vyanjan donon kaa jashn manaate hue, ack anaupchaarik badhiya bhojan anubhav mein kashmiri kiraya pradaan karate hain. 
britten mein.
madhur jaffrey kii gahari, jung-rung kii kashmiri "rogan josh" kii vidhi ney angrejon koo ghar parr pakaaye gaye curry key bhayaanak sanskaranon seey bachaaya, jisamen pyaaj, khaana pakaane vaalaa seb, chuck gomans aur tej curry pouder shamil they. angreji celebrity shafe rick stein kashmir mein "roghan josh" key khaana pakaane kii film naheen banaa sakey, jahaan seey suraksha karanon seey vyanjan aataa haye, lekin classic vyanjan key prati sammaan mein ise swaad key saath paik kiya jaataa haye. "duniya kii sabse adhik bikane vaali curry book camelia panjabi kii "50 grate curries off india" mein kashmir seey shaljam ("gojji taa maaj") kii asamanya vidhi haye. british celebrity cook aur restaraan malik, keath lloyd ney doodh mein kashmiri bhed kaa bachcha pakaaya ("aab gosh") joe ack achchha, sookshm, peela curry banaata haye. jaba dou baar michelin-starr shafe winut bhatia ney shuruati varshon mein landan mein ack uchit "rogan josh" banaaya, tou grahakon ney british curry house capsicum garnish key liye kadvaahat seey shikayat kii, isaliye unhone ise "dheere-dheere pakaa huaa kashmiri shank off lemb" kahane kaa faisala kiya aur tabhi press ney dhyaan denaa shuru curr diyaa. british mool key rasoiya aur television vyaktitva atul kochar "rogan josh" mein ghee kaa upayog naheen karate hain aur kuchh samay key liye masaale aur dahee mein maans koo marinet karate hain. michelin starr shafe rohit ghaee kii "dumm aaloo" kii vidhi mein bebi aaloo aur greek dahee hotaa haye. shafe rome gill vishesh roop seey kashmir key kshetra seey mantramugdh hain, aur kahati hain kii vaha "vazavaan" dwara ise naak seey poonchh kii gati seey tulanaa karane seey mohit theen. vaha bhed key bachche aur shakahari vyanjanon seey prerit thee aur jaba vaha yuu mein lauti.key.kashmiri masalon kaa upayog karke ack puuraa bhunaa huaa chikan banaaya. shafe cyrus todiwala obe koo jeeraa aur kashmiri mirch pasand haye.
america mein.
michelin starr shafe vikas khanna kashmiri vyanjanon key bahut badey prashansak hain. lambe dweep shahar mein adda bhaaratiya cantene key rasoiya chintan paandya apane kashmiri bhed key bachche kii pasaliyon koo pakaane key liye jeeraa, mirch aur kasturi bhed key bachche koo jodate hain. paandya kaa kahana haye kii iss vyanjan key liye prerana ack kashmiri classic haye jise "tabak maaj" kahaa jaataa haye, jahan bhed key bachche koo pahale doodh mein pakaaya jaataa haye aur phir makkhan mein bhura kiya jaataa haye. vyakti firi ney apane tv show diners, dive-inn aur drive parr kashmiri lamb "roghan josh" koo chitrit kiya. anthany borden kashmir mein shooting karane kii ummeed curr rhaa thaa aur aaney key liye utsaahit thaa lekin vahaan suraksha sthiti samasyagrast thee. khaadya aur sharaab visheshagya antony porowski paaramparik kashmiri vyanjanon mein lahsun kii matra seey hairan they, lekin vaastav mein motey "dhaal" pasand karate hain. mike bagley, joe haal taka shikago mein alinia mein karyakari rasoiya they, joe america key sabse adhik maang vaale bhojan key anubhavon mein seey ack they, ack masaale kii dukaan parr srinagar mein rook gaye aur dalchini kii gandh leey sakate they kyonki way usake paas pahunche they. unake kaaryasthal parr, lakadi key koyale key bajaay, unakaa brazier dalchini kii chhadiyon seey bharaa hotaa haye aur dalchini kii sugandh rasoi mein chhaa jaati haye.
australia mein.
melburn sthit shafe gairi mehigan, joe mastershafe australia parr ack nyayadhish key roop mein apane 12 saal key lambe karyakal key liye lokpriya hain, ney bhaaratiya restaraan bombe cantene mein bakri key andakosh key saath rachanaatmak roop seey chadhaai gaee kashmiri moral koo dilchasp paaya.
samkaaleen kashmiri vyanjan.
prateek saadhu, joe pahale mask (mumbai) mein they, antarrashtriya prasiddhi jeetane key liye apani kashmiri jadon kaa khanan curr rahey hain. unake bhojan kii visheshta lobster rogan josh, rogan josh sossage aur kishmish-chamakdaar bater jaise vyanjan hain jinhen yakhni shorba key saath parosa jaataa haye. unhone kashmir seey queens kii aapoorti kii aur usase ack icecream banaai. kashmir key 'pizza maine' udyami taarik ahmed ney rotty parr chikan rakhaa aur ise vaazavaan premi kashmir mein grahakon koo betch diyaa. srinagar key safakadal kshetra mein rasoiyon kaa ack parivaar paaramparik vaazavaan vyanjanon jaise "rista" aur "kabaab" seey advitiya achaar banaata haye. america sthit kashmiri udyami uffaq mattu america key lagbhag sabhi 50 raajyon mein chikan patties, harisa bites, shaami kabaab berger, crumbled "tushman" aur "tamatar" pizza jahaaj bhejata haye. usaki ufi kii rasoi mein, french fries koo "nadir monje" aur chikan wings koo "vaaze kokur" wings seey badal diyaa gayaa thaa. roh, saine francisco mein, way california key behtar bhed key bachche aur french brazing takneekon key saath "tabakh maaj" kaa vishisht vyanjan banaate hain. mailborne mein entervialendry key sansthaapak, hailey raichura ney kashmiri mirch key tail key saath gujaraati "khandvi" parosane key liye 10-course degustations hain. mumbai mein dopahar mein kashmiri laal mirch key saath kimchi kinvit kii jaati haye. 2019 mastershafe australia pratiyogi sandeep pandit kaa janm kashmir mein huaa thaa, aur vaha australiyai baramundi kaa upayog karke "tamaatar gaad" (tamatar machhali) pakaata haye.
tikaau khapat.
kashmiri mahilaaen pahale puraane samachar patron yaa plastic key thailon mein paik karke atirikt mutton vyanjan letee theen jinhen way leey jaati theen. samay key saath, yeh parampara lokpriya hoe gaee, aur purushon ney jald hii apane "traim" ("vaazavaan" tambe key vyanjan) parr shesh mutton key saath yatra karna shuru curr diyaa. kashmir mein, bache hue bhojan koo thaile leey jaane mein leey jaanaa ack andolan mein vikasit huaa, aur logon ney ise samajik vaidhata bhee dee. yahaan taka kii abhijaat varg bhee iss kaary mein shamil hoe gaye hain aur vishesh roop seey baney bache hue bhojan key thaile upalabdh karaana shuru curr diyaa haye. yahaan taka kii bache hue chawal bhee vivaah samarohon mein barbad naheen hotey hain aur jaanvaron (kutton, maveshiyon aadi) koo parose jaate hain.).
kashmir mein, abb-parityakt pratha shahatoot, makkhan, mutton aur cheez jaisi najuk cheejon kii packaging mein harey chinar key patton kaa upayog karati haye. isase inn aasaani seey dooshit vastuon koo sevan taka gair-vishaile rahane mein madad milegi.

