
california raajya jall pariyojana

california raajya jall pariyojana, jise aamtaur parr aiss. doubleu. pee. key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, yuu. mein ack raajya jall prabandhan pariyojana haye.aiss. california raajya jall sansaadhan vibhaag kii dekhrekh mein. aiss. doubleu. pee. duniya kii sabse badee saarvajanik jall aur bijli upayogitaon mein seey ack haye, joe 27 million seey adhik logon koo peene kaa paani pradaan karati haye aur salana ausatan 6,500 gigawatt panbijali kaa utpaadan karati haye. haalaanki, yeh raajya mein hii bijli kaa sabse badaa ekal upabhokta haye, isaliye iska shuddh upayog 5,100 gigawatt haye.
yeh swep uttari california kii nadiyon seey paani ekatra kartaa haye aur ise jall-abhaav vaale lekin aabaadi vaale shaharon mein jall-sroton, pumping stations aur bijli sanyantron key network key madhyam seey punarvitarit kartaa haye. pariyojana dwara pradaan kiye gaye paani kaa lagbhag 70 pratishat dakshini california aur saine francisco khaadi kshetra mein shahari kshetron aur udyog key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye, aur 30 pratishat kaa upayog madhya ghaati mein sinchai key liye kiya jaataa haye. dakshini california taka pahunchane key liye, paani koo tehchaapi pahaadon parr pump kiya jaanaa chaahiye, akele admonstone pumping plant mein, joe duniya mein sabse oonchaa ekal jall lift haye. aiss. doubleu. pee. sanghiya kendriya ghaati pariyojana (see. vee. pee.) key saath kaee suvidhaon koo saajha kartaa haye, joe mukhya roop seey krishi upayogkartaon kii seva kartaa haye. pariyojana ghatakon key liye charam aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane key liye aavashyakta key anusaar jall koo swep aur cvp naharon key beach badala jaa sakata haye. aiss. doubleu. pee. california kii arthavyavastha koo 400 arab dollar kaa anumaanit vaarshik laabh pradaan kartaa haye.
1960 mein apani sthaapana key baad seey, aiss. doubleu. pee. key liye 21 baandhon aur naharon, pipelines aur surangon seey adhik key nirmaan kii aavashyakta haye, halanki yeye mool roop seey prastaavit suvidhaon kaa kewal ack ansh hain. parinamswarup, kull paatrata kii tulanaa mein pariyojana ney kewal vaarshik ausat pradaan kiya haye. ack samvedansheel muhana kshetra, sacramento-saine joaquin nadee delta seey sookhe mausam mein paani koo hataane key kaaran paryavaraniya chintaon key kaaran aksar paani kii aapoorti mein aur kamee aaee haye. jall modd key paryavaraniya prabhaavon key liye samadhan khojane key saath-saath swaap kii jall vitaran kshamata kaa vistaar karane key liye aaj bhee kaam jaari haye.
itihas.
pariyojana kaa mool uddeshya shushk dakshini california key liye paani pradaan karna thaa, jisake sthaaniya jall sansaadhan aur colorado nadee kaa hissa kshetra key vikas koo banaae rakhane key liye aparyaapt thaa. swep dou prastaavon mein nihit thaa. 1951 kii sanyukt paschimi jaanch, yuu dwara ack adhyayan.aiss. punarpraapti beuro ney paschimi sanyukt raajya mein antar-besin jall hastaantaran kii vyavaharyata kaa aaklan kiya. california mein, iss yojana mein california key uttari tata taka bahane vaali nadiyon parr baandhon key nirmaan parr vichaar kiya gayaa-jangli aur binaa jaam vaale klamath, eel, pagal aur smith nadee pranaaliyan-aur jabt kiye gaye paani koo sacramento nadee pranali mein leey jaane key liye surangen, jahan ise dakshin kii or modaa jaa sakata haye. usee varsh, raajya engineer aeye.dee. admonstone ney pankhon vaali nadee pariyojana kaa prastaav rakhaa, jisane isi uddeshya key liye sanskaron nadee kii ack sahayak nadee, pankhon vaali nadee parr baandh lagaane kaa prastaav rakhaa. uttari tata kii nadiyon kii tulanaa mein pankhon vaali nadee bahut adhik sulabh thee, lekin lagbhag utanaa paani naheen thaa. donon yojanaon key tahat, naharon aur pampon kii ack shrinkhala paani koo madhya ghaati key madhyam seey dakshin mein tehchaapi pahaadon key tala taka leey jaayegi, jahaan yeh dakshini california taka pahunchane key liye tehchaapi surang seey hocker gujaregi.
ack vyaapak rajyavyapi jall prabandhan pranali (vyaapak, lekin mukhya roop seey sinchai-adharit kendriya ghaati pariyojana key poorak) key ahwan key kaaran 1956 mein jall sansadhanon key california vibhaag kaa nirmaan huaa. agale varsh, praarambhik adhyayanon koo vyaapak california jall yojana, yaa bulletin sankhya mein sankalit kiya gayaa. 3. iss pariyojana kaa uddeshya "raajya key sabhi kshetron mein sabhi laabhkaari upayogon aur uddeshyon key liye vartamaan aur bhavishya kii jarooraton koo adhikatam sambhav seema taka puuraa karane key liye california key paani key niyantran, sanrakshan, sanrakshan, vitaran aur upayog" key liye thaa."california key governor pait braun ney baad mein kahaa kii yeh" "logon aur bhugol kii durghatana koo thheek karane key liye thaa.
sthaaniya logon key majboot virodh aur uttari tata kii nadiyon mein salmon parr sambhaavit prabhaav key baare mein chintaon key baad yojana key shuruati charanon mein uttari tata kii nadiyon kaa modd chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. admonstone dwara prastaavit california jall yojana koo akele pankh nadee key vikas key saath aage badhana hoga. 1959 key burns-porter adhiniyam ney ack bonned upaay key madhyam seey $1.75 billion kaa praarambhik vitt poshan pradaan kiya. pariyojana key munch I parr nirmaan, joe pahale paani koo vitarit karega, 1960 mein shuru huaa. uttari california key logon ney iss upaay kaa virodh kiya kyonki yeh ack boondogal aur unake jall sansadhanon koo churaane kaa prayaas thaa. vaastav mein, loss angils shahar-joe pramukh labharthiyon mein seey ack honah thaa-ney bhee pariyojana kaa virodh kiya; sthaaniya logon ney ise anya colorado nadee besin raajyon mein raajnetaon dwara colorado nadee key apane hisse koo chhodane key liye loss angils koo praapt karane kii chaal key roop mein dekhaa. itihaaskaar kaafee hudd taka jall-vaahak adhiniyam aur raajya jall pariyojana kii safalata kaa shreya pramukh krishi vyavasaay lobbing koo dete hain, vishesh roop seey jey dwara.jee. jey key boswell II.jee. boswell cotton company. 5. 8 laakh matpatron mein seey 174,000 key behad sankeern antar parr baand paarit kiya gayaa thaa.
1961 mein, oroville baandh parr jameen toot gaee thee, aur 1963 mein, california aquaduct aur saine luis jalaashay parr kaam shuru huaa. khaadi kshetra mein pahali delivery 1962 mein kii gaee thee, aur 1968 taka paani saine joaquin ghaati taka pahunch gayaa thaa. tehchaapi pahaadon key doshpurna bhugol parr chintaon key kaaran, surang yojana koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa; paani koo pahaadon key shikhar parr pump karna hoga. 1973 mein, jalmarg key pump aur poorv aur paschim shaakhaon koo puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, aur pahala paani dakshini california koo diyaa gayaa thaa. ack paridhiya nahar, joe asurakshit aur paaristhitik roop seey samvedansheel sacramento-saine joaquin nadee delta key aspas jall leey jaati thee, koo 1982 mein paryavaraniya chintaon key kaaran aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. tateey shakha, joe tateey madhya california koo paani pahunchaati haye, 1997 mein poori hui thee.
pariyojana kaa vivaran.
pankhon vaali nadee kii suvidhaaen.
pavitra nadee kii ack sahayak nadee, fether nadee, raajya jall pariyojana key liye praathamik jalvibhaajak pradaan karati haye. pankhon vaali nadee key mukhya jall seey nikalane vaale pravaah koo mrig, franchman aur davis jalashayon mein pakada jaataa haye, joe uttar kii sahayak nadiyon aur pankhon vaali nadee key beach key kaante koo gherate hain. saamoohik roop seey oopari pankh vaali nadee jheelon key roop mein sandarbhit, yeye teen jalaashay lagbhag ack sanyukt bhandaran kshamata pradaan karate hain.
oopari pankh nadee pranali seey chhoda gayaa paani oroville jheel mein bahata haye, joe oroville shahar seey kaee meal oopar oroville baandh dwara banaaya gayaa haye. oroville sanyukt raajya america mein sabse oonchaa baandh haye; aayatan key hisab seey yeh california mein sabse badaa baandh haye. 1957 mein ack aapaatkaaleen baadh niyantran upaay dwara adhikrit, oroville baandh 1961 aur 1967 key beach 1968 mein pahali baar jalaashay koo bharane key saath banaaya gayaa thaa. 
oroville jheel mein lagbhag paani koo sangraheet karane kii kshamata haye joe kii swaap kii kull pranali bhandaran kshamata kaa 61 pratishat haye, aur yeh pariyojana kaa sabse mahatvapurna jalaashay haye.
oroville jheel mein sangraheet paani 819 megawatt key edward hayaat pump-bhandaran bijli sanyantra aur oroville baandh key neeche kii or dou anya panbijali sanyantron key madhyam seey chhoda jaataa haye, joe ack saath oroville-thermal complexes banaate hain. thermal forbe aur afterbay 120 megawatt thermal pumping-generating plant kaa samarthan karate hain, aur thermal diversion baandh ack chhote 3.3 megawatt powerplant kaa samarthan kartaa haye. yeh poori pranali prati varsh lagbhag 2.2 arab kilowatt ghante utpann karati haye, joe swaap suvidhaon dwara utpann kull bijli kaa lagbhag ack tihai haye.
delta suvidhaaen.
oroville seey, ack viniyamit jall pravaah pankhon aur sanskaron kii nadiyon seey neeche sanskaron-saine joaquin nadee delta taka jaataa haye. riyo vista key uttar mein, lagbhag prati varsh uttari khaadi jalmarg mein pump kiya jaataa haye, joe 1988 mein puuraa huaa. jalmarg napa aur solano county mein grahakon koo paani pahunchaata haye.
adhikansh jall delta key jatil muhana pranali key madhyam seey clifton court forbe mein kheencha jaataa haye, joe delta key dakshini chhor parr tracy key uttar-paschim mein sthit haye. yahaan, harvey oh. baink pumping plant california aquaduct mein paani uthaata haye. 1963 mein puuraa kiya gayaa, gyaarah pump ikaaiyaan paani taka uthaa sakati hain-1986 mein saat ikaaiyon kii apani mool kshamata seey unnat.
yahaan seey paani california jalmarg key saath kuchh samay key liye dakshin kii or bahata haye aur bethany jalaashay taka jaataa haye. dakshin khaadi pumping sanyantra dakshin khaadi jalmarg kii aapoorti kartaa haye, jisane 1962 seey almeda county koo paschim mein paani diyaa haye aur 1965 seey saanta clara county. jalmarg prati varsh adhikatam wahan kartaa haye. iss paani koo leavermore key paas sthit ack offstream jalaashay, dell vaile jheel mein sangraheet kiya jaa sakata haye.
california aquaduct.
khaadi kshetra key dakshin mein, vishal jall kaa badaa hissa-prati varsh seey-saine joaquin ghaati key paschimi hisse key saath dakshin mein california jalmarg key madhyam seey yatra kartaa haye. jalmarg kaa mukhya khand mukhya roop seey concreet seey dhaki naharon seey banaa haye, lekin isamen surangen, pipeline aur saiphan bhee shamil hain. jalmarg adhikatam chaudaai aur adhikatam gaharaai taka pahunchata haye; channel key kuchh hisse adhik pahunchaane mein saksham hain. saine joaquin ghaati seey gujarane vaale jalmarg key khand mein kaee turnout shamil hain jahan ghaati key paschim kii or lagbhag bhoomi kii sinchai key liye paani chhoda jaataa haye.
jalmarg volta key paschim mein oh 'neel forbe jalaashay mein pravesh kartaa haye, jahan paani koo ack vishal offstream bhandaran suvidha, saine luis jalaashay mein pump kiya jaa sakata haye, joe paas key bee dwara banaaya gayaa haye.aff. sisk daim. saine luis jalaashay koo swep aur sanghiya kendriya ghaati pariyojana dwara saajha kiya jaataa haye; yahaan paani koo utaar-chadhaav vaali maangon kaa saamana karane key liye california aquaduct aur delta-mendota nahar key beach badala jaa sakata haye. saine luis jalaashay mein upalabdh bhandaran kaa 50 pratishat hissa aiss. doubleu. pee. kaa haye.
saine luis jalaashay parisar key dakshin mein, jalmarg badey paimaane parr pumping sanyantron kii ack shrinkhala key madhyam seey lagaatar oonchaai praapt kartaa haye. doss amigos pumping plant saine luis key dakshin mein sthit haye, joe paani uthaata haye. kettleman shahar key paas, tateey shakha mukhya california jalmarg seey alag hoe jaati haye. buena vista, tearink aur chrissman pumping plant bakersfield key paas saine joaquin ghaati key dakshini chhor key paas mukhya jalmarg parr sthit hain. jalmarg taba ack taka pahunchata haye.dee. admonstone pumping plant, joe tehchaapi pahaadon key oopar seey paani uthaata haye joe saine joaquin ghaati koo dakshini california seey alag kartaa haye. yeh chaudah ikaaiyon kii kshamata key saath swaap mein sabse adhik pump-lift haye. admonstone kaa praarambhik nirmaan 1974 mein puuraa huaa thaa, jisamen pichhali teen ikaaiyaan 1980 key dashak mein sthaapit kii gaeen theen.
ack baar tehchaapi key shikhar parr pahunchane key baad, jalmarg surangon kii ack shrinkhala key madhyam seey tehchaapi afterbay taka jaataa haye, jahan iska pravaah paschim aur poorv shaakhaon key beach vibhajit hotaa haye.
tateey shakha.
tateey shakha lagbhag prati varsh california jalmarg seey saine luis obispo aur saanta barbara county key kuchh hisson mein jaati haye. jalmarg key liye faila huaa haye, aur jyaadaatar dafan pipeline seey banaa haye. laas perilas, baijar hill, devils daine, bluestone aur polonio paas parr pumping plant california tata shrinkhalaon key oopar paani uthaane kaa kaam karate hain. ack baar pahaadon key shikhar parr, paani koo 1 seey 5 taka key chhote jalashayon kii ack shrinkhala mein phir seey viniyamit kiya jaataa haye. tateey shakha 1994 mein ack gambhir sookhe key baad poori hui thee jisake kaaran paani key ayaat kii maang hui thee.
1997 mein puuraa hui kendriya tata jall pradhikaran vistaar key roop mein jaani jaane vaali ack pipeline key madhyam seey, tateey shakha saanta yanez nadee parr ack jalaashay, jheel kachuma koo paani kii aapoorti karati haye.
paschimi shakha.
tehchaapi afterbay mein mukhya california jalmarg key antim chhor seey, paschimi shakha paani koo dusare jalaashay, bater jheel, mein oso pumping sanyantra key madhyam seey leey jaati haye. isake baad paani gurutvaakarshan dwara dakshin kii or 78 megawatt villium ee taka jaataa haye. pyramid jheel jalaashay parr sthit bijli sanyantra koo chetavani dein. paschimi shakha ney 1995-2010 avadhi key liye lagbhag prati varsh vitarit kiya.
pyramid jheel seey, angels surang key madhyam seey paani alderberry forbe parr castack power plant aur saanta clarita key uttar mein sthit castack jheel jalaashay taka chhoda jaataa haye. castack power plant ack pump-bhandaran panbijali sanyantra haye joe adhikatam maang parr 1,247 megawatt kaa utpaadan karane mein saksham haye. ack saath, pyramid aur castack jheelen paschimi shakha key paani key liye praathamik bhandaran kaa nirmaan karati hain joe dakshini california mein pahunchaai jaati hain. loss angils aur ventura county mein nagar paalikaon koo paani kii aapoorti kii jaati haye.
purvi shakha.
purvi shakha tehchaapi afterbay seey saine gabriel pahaadon aur saine bernardino pahaadon key uttar kii or silverwood jheel jalaashay taka paani letee haye, joe ise pakad sakati haye. yahaan seey yeh saine bernardino pahaadon key neeche ack surang seey hocker deville canyon powerplant taka jaataa haye, joe kii swep pranali kaa sabse badaa "recovery plant" yaa aquaduct power plant haye. paani phir saanta enaa surang seey jheel peris taka bahata haye, joe yahaan taka jamaa hoe sakata haye.
1995 seey 2012 taka purvi shakha key madhyam seey paani kii aapoorti prati varsh ausatan hoti thee. purvi shakha mukhya roop seey antardeshiya samrajya, orange county aur loss angils key dakshin mein anya kshetron mein shaharon aur kheton key liye paani pradaan karati haye. jheel peris key madhyam seey, dakshini california key mahanagariya jall jile koo apane paani kaa ack badaa hissa jall kshetra seey praapt hotaa haye. saine diago aquaduct koo paani kii aapoorti bhee ack connection key madhyam seey peris seey jheel skinner taka, aage dakshin mein kii jaati haye.
prastaavit aur unbuilt visheshtaen.
uttari tata diversion.
mool 1957 kii california jall yojana mein california key uttari tata kii klamath, eel, maid aur smith nadiyon parr baandhon key praavdhaan shamil they. paschimi tata shrinkhalaon aur klamath pahaadon mein prachur varsha seey poshit, yeye nadiyaan harr saal prashant kii tulanaa mein adhik sraav karati hain, joe poori sanskar nadee pranali kii tulanaa mein adhik haye. yeh yojana mool roop seey ack samkaaleen beuro off reclaimation project, clamath diversion kii ack bhinnata thee.
inn jalvibhaajak kshetron mein baandhon kii ack shrinkhala interbasin hastaantaran key madhyam seey jall koo klamath nadee pranali mein sthanantarit karegi. pariyojana kaa kendra bindu klamath nadee parr ack jalaashay hoga-california mein sabse badee maanav nirmit jheel-jahan seey paani trinity surang key madhyam seey sacramento nadee mein bahata haye, aur phir vahaan seey naharon aur pump pranaliyon mein jaataa haye. isase pratyek varsh jall kii vyavastha kii jaati. haalaanki, uttari tata kii nadiyon kaa modd praarambhik swep karyakram seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.
1960 key dashak key madhya mein, vinashkari baadh ney uttari tata kii nadiyon parr baandh lagaane mein nae sire seey ruchi laaee. jall sansaadhan vibhaag ney baadh niyantran key naam parr nadiyon koo vikasit karane kii yojana vikasit karane key liye punarpraapti beuro aur engineeron key senaa dall key saath raajya-sanghiya antar-agency kaary bull kaa gathan kiya-joe sanyog seey, unake kuchh paani koo swep pranali mein modane kaa ack tarika pradaan karega. haalaanki adhikansh prastaavit pariyojanaon kaa raajneetik kalah key kaaran anta hoe gayaa, lekin ack joe bunny rahee vaha el nadee pranali parr doss reos pariyojana thee, jisamen el nadee key beach key kaante parr ack vishal baandh kaa nirmaan shamil thaa, joe grindstone surang key madhyam seey paani koo sacramento ghaati mein modata thaa. iss pariyojana key samarthakon ney 1964 kii vinashkari chrismus baadh kaa hawala diyaa aur baadh niyantran laabh doss reos eel nadee besin koo pradaan karenge.
klamath aur doses reos diversion kaa sthaaniya shaharon aur mool americi janjaatiyon dwara bhaari virodh kiya gayaa thaa, jinaki bhoomi jalashayon key neeche baadh aaa gaee hogi. machuaaron ney uttari tata kii nadiyon, vishesh roop seey klamath-kolambiya nadee key dakshin mein sabse badee prashant tata kii salmon nadee key salmon pravaah parr baandhon key prabhaav parr chinta vyakt kii. iss pariyojana seey clamath parr 98 pratishat salmon andey dene key maidan samaapt hoe jaate. california key governor ronald reegan ney aarthik asamvedansheelta aur pariyojana key samarthakon dwara kiye gaye dhokhadhadi key daavon kaa hawala dete hue doss reos pariyojana koo manjuri dene seey incar curr diyaa. udaaharan key liye, baadh niyantran laabh kaafee hudd taka atiranjit they; doss reos baandh ney 1964 key record eel nadee baadh shikhar koo kewal taba taka cumm curr diyaa hotaa jaba taka kii yeh jagah parr hotaa.
1980 mein, uttari tata kii nadiyon koo rashtriya jangli aur sunder nadiyon kii pranali mein shamil kiya gayaa, jisase unhein modane key liye kissy bhee pariyojana kii sambhavana koo prabhaavi dhang seey samaapt curr diyaa gayaa.
paridhiya nahar/california jall-sthiti.
california waterfix, ack niyojit judvaan surang pariyojana haye joe delta key kendra seey hocker jameen key neeche taka failegi. pahale key designs mein delta koo poorv kii or leey jaane key liye ack paridhiya nahar kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa. surangen sacramento-saine joaquin nadee delta koo darkinar karane key liye sacramento nadee seey paani kheenchati hain, joe ack vishal muhana aur krishi kshetra haye jisamen jwaariya jalmarg shamil hain. nahar aur surang key samarthakon mein kendriya ghaati key kisan aur loss angils mein mahanagariya jall jile aur shahari vikaskarta shamil hain. unakaa daavaa haye kii yeh iss samvedansheel kshetra key madhyam seey seedhe paani kheenchane kii aavashyakta koo samaapt curr dega, jisase sookhe mausam key dauran lavanata ghuspaith aur paani kii gunavatta kii samasyaon koo cumm kiya jaa sakega. nahar koo praarambhik swep yojana mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa, aur nahar kii kamee pramukh karanon mein seey ack haye joe swep kabhi bhee apani poori paatrata pradaan karane mein saksham naheen rhaa haye.
surang virodhiyon kaa maanana haye kii nirmaan pariyojana samvedansheel delta paaristhitiki tantra, kheton aur samudaayon koo vyaapak nuksan pahunchaayegi. virodhiyon kaa yeh bhee maanana haye kii delta key madhyam seey flush karane seey pahale taaje paani koo hataane seey delta paaristhitiki tantra koo deerghakaalik nuksan hoga aur saine francisco khaadi mein adhik praakritik roop seey beh jaayega.
governor jairi braun ney 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein nahar koo manjuri dene kii ack matpatra pahal kaa samarthan kiya thaa, aur apane dusare governorship (2011-2019) key dauran pariyojana koo surang key roop mein samaapt karane kaa apana irada vyakt kiya thaa. unake uttaradhikari, gavin nyoozam ney bhee pariyojana kaa samarthan kiya haye. surang key samarthakon kaa tark haye kii dakshini pravesh seey paani kheencha jaanaa vanyajeevon key liye samasyaaen paida kartaa haye aur inn kshetron mein praakritik pravaah koo badal detaa haye, jise door uttar seey paani kheenchkar thheek kiya jaayega. samarthakon kaa yeh bhee daavaa haye kii california tatbandh bhee bhookamp key prati samvedansheel hain aur unase paani koo door karane seey paani kii aapoorti kii raksha hoti haye. delta kisan, samudaay aur vaanijyik salmon aur baas machuaare vishesh roop seey surang key baare mein chintit hain. halanki, kuchh delta vaigyaanik asahmat hain. naee prastaavit nahar silicon ghaati, dakshini california mein paani kaa parivahan karegi aur iska adhikansh hissa kendriya ghaati mein nirdeshit kiya jaayega, joe raajneetik prabhaav aur nahar key nirmaan mein ruchi key saath ack sthaan haye.
jalaashay sthal.
1980 key dashak seey, sanskar ghaati mein ack badey off-stream jalaashay key nirmaan mein ruchi rahee haye. sacramento nadee mein uchch sardiyon key pravaah seey paani koo "skim" karke ghaati key paschimi hisse mein ack bhandaran besin mein pump kiya jaayega jise site jalaashay key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. jalaashay cumm pravaah avadhi key dauran sacramento nadee mein chhode jaane vaale paani koo rokega, jisase swap paatrata dharakon key liye upalabdh paani kii aapoorti mein vriddhi hogi aur sacramento-saine joaquin delta mein paani kii gunavatta mein sudhaar hoga. yeh pariyojana pahale kaee roopon mein utpann hui haye, jisamen ack glain jalaashay yaa paas kii dhaaraon parr glain-kolusa parisar key prastaav shamil hain, joe doss reos pariyojana kii grindstone surang yaa uttari tata nadiyon seey anya hastaantaran key madhyam seey poorv mein bheje gaye paani key liye jalaashay bhee praapt curr rahey honge.
apani badee bhandaran kshamata key saath, site jalaashay prati varsh nae paani kii upaj dete hue california kii jall prabandhan pranali key utpaadan aur lachilepan koo badhaayega. iss pariyojana parr jall sansaadhan vibhaag dwara gambhirta seey vichaar kiya jaa rhaa haye, kyonki california kii jall pranali koo 2020 taka prati varsh gambhir kamee kaa saamana karna parh sakata haye. haalaanki, iss pariyojana kii isaki uchch laagat aur machhali key pravaas key sambhaavit vyavadhaan key liye aalochana kii gaee haye jaba geele mausam key dauran sacramento nadee seey badee matra mein paani nikala jaataa haye.
loss banos grands.
loss banos grandes jalaashay pahali baar 1983 mein prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa aur isane sthalon key samaan uddeshya puuraa kiya hoga. yeh jalaashay saine luis jalaashay key kaee meal dakshin mein california jalmarg key saath sthit hoga, aur geele varshon key dauran paani key bhandaran kii anumati hogi jaba sacramento-saine joaquin delta seey atirikt paani pump kiya jaa sakata thaa. pump-bhandaran panbijali sanyantron kaa nirmaan loss banos grands aur maujooda loss banos baadh niyantran jalaashay key beach aur usa jalaashay aur jalmarg key beach kiya gayaa hoga. loss banos grandes kii vartamaan sthiti anishchit bunny hui haye, kyonki 1990 key dashak seey dee. doubleu. aar. uchit dhana jutaane mein asamarth rhaa haye.
aadhunik mudde.
maujooda swaap suvidhaon koo saamoohik roop seey charan I key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. charan II, jisamen paridhiya nahar aur sthal jalaashay jaise kaam shamil hain, 1970 aur 1980 key dashak key anta mein shuru honey vaale they-lekin uttari california, paryavaranvadi samoohon aur kuchh aarthik hiton key saath-saath raajya key badhate rinn key kaaran, nirmaan shuru karane key sabhi prayason koo viphalata kaa saamana karna padaa haye. vartamaan mein swaap paani praapt karane vaale dall bhee isake vistaar kaa virodh curr rahey hain, kyonki laagat kaa bhugtan karane mein madad karane key liye paani kii daron koo 300 pratishat taka badhaaya jaa sakata haye. natijatan, swaap kshamata pratyek varsh key ausat seey cumm hoe jaati haye; thekedaaron koo kewal kabhi-kabhi paani kaa puuraa hissa milata haye.
pariyojana key vibhinn ghatakon key liye laagat kii asamaanta aksar vivaad kaa kaaran rahee haye. haalaanki swaap paani kii kull ausat laagat 147 dollar prati ekad-phut (119 dollar prati 1,000 ghana meater) haye, krishi upayogkarta swaap paani key liye apane shahari samkakshon kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm bhugtan karate hain. kern county jall agency (doosari sabse badee swaap paatrata dhaarak) swaap paani key lagbhag $45-50 prati ekad-phut ($36-41 prati 1,000 ghana meater) kaa bhugtan karati haye, jiska upayog jyaadaatar sinchai key liye kiya jaataa haye. dakshini california kaa mahanagariya jall jilaa (sabse badaa paatrata dhaarak) 298 dollar prati ekad-phut (241 dollar prati 1,000 ghana meater) kaa bhugtan kartaa haye. iska mool roop seey matlab haye kii shahar krishi jall kii laagat parr subsidy dey rahey hain, bhale hii shaharon ney swaap key nirmaan key liye praathamik dhana bhee pradaan kiya hoe.
1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein, swep pranali mein abhee bhee bahut adhik "adhishesh" thaa-oroville baandh key nirmaan key madhyam seey jall aapoorti vikasit hui, joe prashant mahasagar mein aprayukt chala rahee thee kyonki dakshini california key liye jall vitaran buniyaadi dhancha abhee taka puuraa naheen huaa thaa (aur jaba yeh thaa, dakshini california paani kaa upayog karane mein dheema thaa). isake bajaay atirikt paani saine joaquin ghaati mein sinchai key liye diyaa gayaa thaa. kyonki paani kewal ack asthaayi aapoorti hogi, kisaanon koo salah dee gaee thee kii way iska upayog sthaayi fasalon jaise kii baagon key bajaay mausami fasalon (jaise alfalfa yaa ghaas) key liye karein. phir bhee, kaee kisaanon ney naee sthaayi fasalon koo vikasit karane key liye paani kaa upayog kiya, jisase swaap paani parr nirbharta paida hui joe takniki roop seey dakshini california key adhikaar kaa hissa haye, yeh abb tanaav paida curr rhaa haye kyonki dakshini california swaap paani key apane upayog koo badhaana jaari rakhta haye, pranali key liye upalabdh adhishesh kii matra koo cumm curr rhaa haye, vishesh roop seey sookhe key varshon mein.
shushk varshon mein, delta seey pump kiya gayaa paani vasant-chaalit salmon key liye khatra paida kartaa haye. jaise hii taton parr pumping sanyantra delta key paar sacramento nadee seey dakshin kii or paani kheenchata haye, yeh poorv seey paschim kii samanya pravaah disha koo baadhit kartaa haye joe salmon smolt prashant mahasagar mein jaataa haye. swaap paani kii nikasi shuru honey key baad dashakon mein salmon aur steelhead trout kii aabaadi gambhir roop seey nimn star parr pahunch gaee haye. haal key varshon mein paridhiya nahar key nirmaan key liye badhate samarthan key saath machhali pravaas kaa mudda garmagarm hoe gayaa haye, joe delta key chaaron or paani koo modd dega, jisase praakritik pravaah kii disha bahaal hogi.
jall upayog aur swep seey judee paryavaraniya samasyaon key kaaran 1994 mein calfed bey-delta karyakram (calfed) kaa nirmaan huaa. praathamik lakshya sacramento-saine joaquin delta mein aage paaristhitik kshati koo rokane key saath swep paani kii gunavatta mein sudhaar karna haye.
janwari 2014 mein, 2012 key madhyam shushk varsh aur 2013 key record california sookhe key baad, jall sansaadhan vibhaag ney ghoshana kii kii khatarnak roop seey cumm barfbari aur jalaashay key star key kaaran, pariyojana key itihas mein pahali baar, usa varsh swaap shoonya vitaran karega. 18 aprail, 2014 koo jall sansaadhan vibhaag ney swaap aavantan koo badhaakar paanch pratishat curr diyaa aur yeh star 1 disambar, 2014 koo 2015 key liye praarambhik aavantan diye jaane taka banaa rhaa.
pariyojana detta.
baandh aur jalaashay.
prishthabhoomi rung kendriya ghaati pariyojana key saath saajha suvidha koo darshaata haye.

