
samajik suraksha

samajik suraksha coppenhagen school off security studies dwara vikasit ack avadharana haye joe ack samaaj kii apane aavashyak charitra mein baney rahane kii kshamata parr kendrit haye. ise 1990 key dashak mein sheet yuddh key anta key sandarbh mein vikasit kiya gayaa thaa aur europeeya sangh mein aage ekikaran kii or badhaa haye. yeh pratimaan khatron kaa saamana karke suraksha kii guaranti dene mein raajya shakti kii bhoomika parr jore detaa haye, isake bajaay samudayik pehchaan aur samajik gatishilata key prashnon koo ujagar kartaa haye.
avalokan.
sheet yuddh key anta ney vidvaanon koo raajya aur senaa seey swatantra roop seey suraksha key pratimaan parr punarvichaar karane key liye prerit kiya. europe mein, soviyat sangh key vighatan ney nae raajyon key udbhav aur europeeya sangh key ekikaran koo aage badhaane key liye nirantar prayason kaa netritva kiya. nae adesh mein europeeya suraksha parr punarvichaar karane kaa ahwan kiya gayaa, jisane isaki paaramparik samajh koo chunauti dee, joe raajyon key beach hui thee. iss prakaar, europeeya sangh kii suraksha kii disha mein kadam, europeeya sangh kii pehchaan, logon kii swatantra aavaajaahi aur seemaon key prashnon key aspas bariki seey vyakt kiya gayaa thaa. 
coppenhagen shaanti anusandhaan sansthaan seey judey vidvaanon dwara vikasit samajik suraksha kii avadharana iss sandarbh mein sthit haye. samajik suraksha seey sambandhit haih "ack samaaj kii badalate halat aur sambhaavit yaa vaastavik khatron key tahat apane aavashyak charitra mein baney rahane kii kshamata."
pratibhootikaran siddhant 
jaba belt aur sadak pahal key europeeya sangh key pratibhootikaran parr shodh karane kii baat aatee haye, tou prashansit coppenhagen school kuchh upayogi antardrishti aur ack vishleshanatmak paddhati pradaan kartaa haye. siddhant key praathamik prastavakon key anusaar, sarkaaren kissy bhee samasya koo ack chayanit sandarbhit vastu key liye ack astitvagat khatare key roop mein chitrit curr sakati hain, jisase isase nipatane key liye charam sadhanon kii tainaati koo uchit thaharaaya jaa sakata haye (buzan aitt all. 1998). vidvaanon ney europeeya sangh (ee. yuu.) koo pratibhootikaran karane vaale abhineta, belt aur road pahal (bra) koo sandarbhit vastu key roop mein aur europeeya sangh aur chean koo karyatmak abhineta key roop mein pahachaana haye. buzan aur anya key anusaar. (1998), jiss kshan ise ack key roop mein label kiya jaataa haye, yeh mudda suraksha chinta kaa vishay bunn jaataa haye. haalaanki, anya shikshaavidon, jaise kii balzack (2011) ney pratibhootikaran abhineta aur darshakon dwara sweekaryata key beach paraspar kriya koo spasht kiya haye, joe pratibhootikaran key prabhaavi honey key liye mahatvapurna haye. aparyaapt saarvajanik samarthan aur anumodan key parinamswarup ack ruka huaa pratibhootikaran kaanoon hoe sakata haye, jaisa kii europeeya sangh mein anya pahalon key saath pahale huaa haye (sjöstedt, 2019). kyonki suraksha itani vyaapak dhaarana haye, isaliye yeh pataa lagaana mushkil haye kii isake liye kyaa khatra haye. haalaanki, huff (2004) ack suraksha khatare koo kissy bhee aisee cheej key roop mein paribhaashit kartaa haye joe logon kii suraksha key liye khatra haye yaa neetigat nirnay lene kii sarkaar kii kshamata koo seemit karati haye. 
coppenhagen school kii pratibhootikaran kii avadharana key aalok mein, vastutah koee bhee samasya ack astitvagat khatare kaa gathan curr sakati haye, joe sainya khatare (buzan aitt all) key baare mein paaramparik chintaon seey parey rashtriya suraksha key dayare kaa vistaar curr sakati haye. 1998). yeh samajik suraksha key liye sambhaavit jokhimon koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue suraksha adhyayanon key liye ack naee saiddhaantik neenv pradaan curr sakata haye, jaise kii way joe samaaj yaa samudaay kii pehchaan seey samjhauta curr sakate hain (beeba, 2018). dhaarana kii pratyaksh chori key bavjood, pehchaan ack kathit khatare (balzack, 2010) key khilaf bachaav aur pratibhootikrit kiye jaane key liye ack sandarbhit vastu key roop mein kaary curr sakati haye. ack 'humm mahsoos karate hain' aur ack asadharanta joe iss dhaarana koo vyaapak banaati haye kii rashtra vishesh haye, joe ise suraksha key liye asurakshit banaata haye, inn samajik yaa pehchaan chintaon koo janm detaa haye (halanki, 2004). vaastav mein, vyaapak sahamati haye kii suraksha chintaaen swabhavik roop seey vyaktiparak hain aur pratibhooti abhineta parr nirbhar karati hain. catzenstein (1996) key anusaar, abhineta kaa vyavhaar aksar usa vyaktitva kaa ack aatm-prabal prakshepan hotaa haye joe way maanate hain kii samaaj unhein chaahata haye, joe usa vyaktitva koo vikasit karane key liye way joe alankaarik ranneetiyon kaa upayog karate hain, usase samarthit hotaa haye. kyonki yeh vishisht vyavhaar key anuroop haye, joe samajik roop seey sweekrit bolane vaale karyon mein nihit haye, suraksha upkaran aur khatare kii dhaarana kii sthaapit dincharya koo dohraya jaane kii sambhavana haye. isaliye, ack raajya kii pehchaan usaki videsh neeti koo samajhane key liye mahatvapurna haye, aur bayanbaji iss prakriya mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaati haye.
kuchh lekhak, jaise kii debrics (2015), joe faucault kaa hawala dete hain, tark dete hain kii humm duniya koo vargeekrit karane aur varnan karane key liye jinn lebalon kaa upayog karate hain, way humm joe seekhate hain usey prabhaavit karate hain aur humm isake baare mein avadharana aur vivechanaatmak roop seey kaise sochate hain. haalaanki, way tark dete hain kii hamaare samaaj mein joe jaankaari itani prachalit haye, vaha avibhajya roop seey pramukh shakti sanrachanaon seey judee hui haye joe pravachan aur pramukh kathaa donon koo aakar detee haye (debrics 2015). vyaktigatata aur vyaktiparakta dwiaadhaari virodhon key anuprayog key madhyam seey utpann kii jaa sakati haye, jaise kii achchha aur buraa yaa humm aur way (bba, 2018). ack saanskritik pehchaan, jisamen isaki sabhi parichar neetiyaan, samajik sammelan aur avadhaaranaaen shamil hain, inn bahishkaranon (martinez-gallen, 2020) dwara banaai jaati hain. natijatan, "pradarshan" bhasha kaa varnan karane kaa ack achchha tarika haye, kyonki yeh vaha saadhan haye jisake dwara vaastaviktaa koo boley gaye karyon (krodh aur anya) key madhyam seey banaaya jaataa haye.2014). joe loga antarrashtriya sambandhon key prati pratibimbeet drishtikon apanaate hain, unake liye vimarsh maulik vishleshanatmak nirmaan khand haye. vidwan iss drishtikon kaa upayog raajneetik vimarsh kii jaanch karane, ack raajneetik pratinidhitva key roop mein isake vikas kaa pataa lagaane aur isake nimnalikhit nishpaadak bhautikaranon koo track karane key liye curr sakate hain. leonard aur connort (2011) dwara anubhavjanya adhyayan yeh jaanchne vaale pahale adhyayanon mein seey ack haye kii janata pratibhootikaran koo kaise samajhati haye. yeh shodh spasht roop seey iss parikalpana kii jaanch kartaa haye kii joe darshak diye gaye viveki sthaan key bheetar vibhinn prakaar key drishtikonon key sampark mein aatey hain, way pratibhootikaran kii prakriyaon koo sweekaar karane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain.
paschimi aur purvi europe mein rashtra-raajya.
pehchaan, pravaas aur europe mein nae suraksha agende' mein, waver rashtra-raajya kii vibhinn avadhaaranaon key udbhav koo nott kartaa haye, aur paschimi aur purvi europe key beach ack antar sthaapit kartaa haye. paschim mein, ack "raajya aur rashtra kaa vighatan" hotaa haye, sadasya raajyon key roop mein, adhik ekikaran kii maang karke, apani samprabhuta key kuchh hisse koo chhodane key liye sweekaar karate hain. samprabhuta key baad" rashtra-raajya kii or yeh kadam "antarrashtriyakaran aur europeakaran" prakriyaon key kaaran haye, kyonki antarrashtriya sansthaan gharelu mamalon parr adhik prabhaav dhaaran karate hain. baad mein, samudaay, iss ekikaran seey apani pehchaan koo khatare mein mahsoos karate hue, abb raajya seey unaki raksha karane kaa ahwan naheen curr sakate hain. raajya aur samaaj kii suraksha aavashyaktaon key beach ack dwandwa hotaa haye, jahaan "raajya suraksha kii samprabhuta isake antim mandand key roop mein hoti haye, aur samajik suraksha kii pehchaan hoti haye. poorv mein, soviyat sangh key vighatan key baad baney nae raajyon kaa uday, rashtra aur raajya key vilay key adhik paaramparik prayason kii or leey jaataa haye; iss prakaar, sangharsh taba utpann hotey hain jaba yugman naheen kiya jaa sakata haye (i.ee. yugoslavia).
samajik suraksha key pahalu.
surakshaah vishleshan key liye ack nayaa dhancha', basaan aur anya. suraksha kii unaki vyaapak samajh koo aupchaarik roop seey paanch kshetron koo pesh karke, pratyek koo "vishisht visheshtaon aur gatishilata" dwara shaasit karke, aur vishesh sandarbhit vastuon aur abhinetaon (i.ee. sainya, paryavaraniya, aarthik, samajik aur raajneetik). samajik suraksha ack ekjut ikai key roop mein ack samudaay key astitva key baare mein haye; iska sandarbhit uddeshya "badey paimaane parr saamoohik pehchaan haye joe raajya seey swatantra roop seey kaary curr sakati haye."
samajik asuraksha taba utpann hoti haye jaba "ack samaaj koo darr hotaa haye kii vaha apane roop mein naheen reh paayega", aur isase utpann hotaa haih
samajik suraksha kissy kshetra seey bandhi naheen haye, jaisa kii raajya suraksha haye.jee. kurdon kaa kshetra, jahan raajya aur samaaj key suraksha mamle vyaapak roop seey alag hoe jaate hain aur sangharsh mein pravesh karate hain.
samajshastriya drishtikon.
samajshastriya drishtikon seey, "samajik suraksha" avadharana suraksha key ack nishchit drishtikon kaa prateek haye. yeh suraksha koo ack "swatantra ghatana" key roop mein maanata haih iss prakaar, samajik suraksha naa tou ack khatra haye aur naa hii ack avsar haye; yeh ack kendra aur aadhar haye, jiss parr saamoohik jeevan kii vishvasaniyata aur nishchitata kaa nirmaan kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh "samajik" drishtikon seey suraksha koo phir seey padhata haye, jiska arth haye kii suraksha koo saamoohik jeevan-aam logon key jeevan parr adharit maanaa jaataa haye-matbhedon koo dekhane aur samoohon aur raajyon key beach asahamati parr jore dene key bajaay joe khatron koo nirdhaarit karane aur doston koo dushmanon seey alag karane mein ack pramukh kaarak haye. yeh suraksha koo "samajik ghatana" key roop mein dekhta haye, jise sainya hathiyaron aur soft power samadhanon kii aavashyakta naheen haye. dusare shabdon mein, samajik suraksha shakti key saath ekikrit naheen hoti haye aur samajik rajdhaniyon mein link koo parivartit karke bunny rahati haye. anta mein, khatron aur avsaron koo nivaarak yaa prerak kaarak maanaa jaa sakata haye.
isaliye samajik suraksha kaa antim lakshya saamoohik jeevan kii sundarta koo samajhana aur aaraam denaa haye-naa kii sarkaar key liye hita, naa dushmanon koo khatm karna, naa rashtra key liye kathit khatron kaa saamana karna.
pratibhootikaran isake itihas aur pahale key udaharanon (braga aur sangaar, 2020) kii jaanch karke isaki videsh neeti mein fitt baithata haye. choonki pratibhootikaran bhaashan kriyaon aur pravachan mein uchchaaran parr adharit haye, isaliye iss kshetra key liye praathamik paddhatigat upkaran, ack mahatvapurna pravachan vishleshan key baare mein sochana bhee mahatvapurna haye. iss pravachan koo isake ghatak bhaagon mein vighatit karane seey kaee vishay ubharenge, isaliye inn vishayon kaa mulyankan pratibhootikaran adhiniyam mein unaki bhoomika kaa aaklan karane key liye kiya jaayega, jisamen ichchit darshakon aur vaidhata parr prabhaav (chuu aind munija 2019) koo dhyaan mein rakhaa jaayega. isake alawa, pratibhootikaran siddhant taba lagu kiya jaayega jaba pravachan vishleshan samaapt hoe jaayega. iss tarah, shodh prashn koo sambodhit karane vaale antardrishtipurna parinam praapt kiye jaayenge. 
iss tarah, 2013 seey 2021 taka bra key baare mein eu aur cheeni sarkaar key aadhikarik bayanon kii sameeksha kii gaee thee. angreji bhasha key granthon koo adhyayan key liye chunaa gayaa thaa kyonki pichhale shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii cheeni khilaadi unake madhyam seey europeeya vishvaason koo prabhaavit karane kii ummeed karate hain (paine 2012; wheel aur jing 2012; wheel aur muntenu 2020). mool samagri kaa chayan detta kii gunavatta aur nirbharta koo satyaapit karane key liye bahut savdhani key saath kiya gayaa thaa. iss shodh mein gharelu aur antarrashtriya europeeya sangh aur cheeni raajneetik khilaadiyon donon key dastavejon kaa upayog kiya gayaa, jisamen sarkaar aur raajya agencies, raajya-sanchaalit media aur chean aur europeeya sangh donon deshon mein vichaar samooh (rogelja, 2019) shamil hain.
pratibhootikaran kyaa kartaa haye?
ack samudaay, inn asurakshaon parr kaary karate hue, ack samooh key astitva koo khatare mein daalane vaale astitva key khatare key roop mein ack mudde koo prastut karane kii koshish karega. iss prakaar, pratibhootikaran ack aisee ranneeti haye joe kissy bhee anya mudde (i.ee. poorna prathamikta"). yadi astitva key khatare koo pahale sambodhit naheen kiya jaataa haye tou kissy anya mudde koo sambodhit karna vyarth hoga. iss prakaar, pratibhootikaran asadharan upaayon key upayog koo uchit thaharaata haye aur vaidh banaata haye.
bhasha siddhant kaa upayog karate hue, pratibhootikaran kii avadharana ack bhaashan-adhiniyam key roop mein kii jaati haye, aur iss tarah, bhashai takneekon aur darshakon parr nirbhar kartaa haye. sandesh koo thheek seey vitarit kiya jaanaa chaahiye (jaise.jee. upayukt shabdawali, framing, prasaar chainalon aadi kaa upayog karna.) darshakon key liye ise sweekaar karane key liye. 
sabhi bhaashan-kaary safal naheen hotey hain. unhein una logon dwara bolaa jaanaa chaahiye jinake paas paryaapt samajik poonji haye jise sunaa jaa sakata haye aur gambhirta seey liya jaa sakata haye. safal samajik suraksha bhaashan-adhiniyam kewal vishisht samudaayon key abhijaat varg dwara hii boley jaa sakate hain. unake astitva kii prakriti key kaaran, kewal kuchh hii daavon koo safaltapurvak pratibhootikrit kiya jaa sakata haye.
pratibhootikaran isake itihas aur pahale key udaharanon (braga aur sangaar, 2020) kii jaanch karke isaki videsh neeti mein fitt baithata haye. choonki pratibhootikaran bhaashan kriyaon aur pravachan mein uchchaaran parr adharit haye, isaliye iss kshetra key liye praathamik paddhatigat upkaran, ack mahatvapurna pravachan vishleshan key baare mein sochana bhee mahatvapurna haye. iss pravachan koo isake ghatak bhaagon mein vighatit karane seey kaee vishay ubharenge, isaliye inn vishayon kaa mulyankan pratibhootikaran adhiniyam mein unaki bhoomika kaa aaklan karane key liye kiya jaayega, jisamen ichchit darshakon aur vaidhata parr prabhaav (chuu aind munija 2019) koo dhyaan mein rakhaa jaayega. isake alawa, pratibhootikaran siddhant taba lagu kiya jaayega jaba pravachan vishleshan samaapt hoe jaayega. iss tarah, shodh prashn koo sambodhit karane vaale antardrishtipurna parinam praapt kiye jaayenge. 
iss tarah, 2013 seey 2021 taka bra key baare mein eu aur cheeni sarkaar key aadhikarik bayanon kii sameeksha kii gaee thee. angreji bhasha key granthon koo adhyayan key liye chunaa gayaa thaa kyonki pichhale shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii cheeni khilaadi unake madhyam seey europeeya vishvaason koo prabhaavit karane kii ummeed karate hain (paine 2012; wheel aur jing 2012; wheel aur muntenu 2020). mool samagri kaa chayan detta kii gunavatta aur nirbharta koo satyaapit karane key liye bahut savdhani key saath kiya gayaa thaa. iss shodh mein gharelu aur antarrashtriya europeeya sangh aur cheeni raajneetik khilaadiyon donon key dastavejon kaa upayog kiya gayaa, jisamen sarkaar aur raajya agencies, raajya-sanchaalit media aur chean aur europeeya sangh donon deshon mein vichaar samooh (rogelja, 2019) shamil hain. gunaatmak pravachan adhyayan mein raajya sansthanon seey dastaavez, vicharakon key patra aur europeeya sangh aur cheeni sarkaar key netaaon kii sanyukt tippaniyon sahit vyaapak srot detta sangrah shamil thaa. envivo kaa upayog unhein praasangik shreniyon mein vyavasthit karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
aalochana.
coppenhagen school dwara vikasit samajik suraksha kii avadharana kaee shaikshanik aalochanaon key adheen rahee haye. dailar kaa tark haye kii samajik suraksha parr charcha karate samay samajon koo swatantra samajik agents key roop mein phir seey sthaapit karane kii pravritti hoti haye. dailar yeh bhee kahata haye kii avadharana parr charcha karate samay pehchaan kii ack bahut aspasht paribhasha koo tainaat kiya jaataa haye aur 'vyaktiyon key liye samajik suraksha key mahatva koo paryaapt roop seey pradarshit karane mein viphalata' hoti haye.
isake alawa, asadharan upaayon koo atyant raajneetik pratikriyaon aur/yaa rajneeti key baahar key upaayon key roop mein samajhana samasyagrast haye, kyonki iska tatparya badey paimaane parr sambhav kaarravaai key vibhinn dhaanche seey haye. samanya rajneeti" kyaa haye? kyaa yeye upaay kaanoon key dayare seey baahar hain yaa kaanoon key dayare mein hain? kyaa way sabhi parr lagu hotey hain yaa kewal ack vishisht samooh parr? kyaa way neetigat nihitarth rakhate hain? yeye prashn vishesh roop seey una suraksha upaayon kii sarahana karane key liye praasangik hain joe samajik suraksha key madhyam seey pratibhootikaran laa sakata haye.ee. pehchaan koo surakshit karke ack samudaay kyaa curr sakata haye? isaliye, yeh aspashtata asadharan upaayon key aspas bahas yaa raajya key baahar suraksha upaayon key karyapranali kii avadharana kii seemaon key saath shamil naheen honey key nirnay kaa sanket dey sakati haye.
pratibhootikaran kii pradarshani koo safal maanaa jaa sakata haye jaba darshak iss sthiti koo apanaate hain, joe taba 'aapaatkaaleen upaayon' (buzan aitt all) kii guaranti detaa haye.1998). jaba kissy mamle kaa safaltapurvak nirmaan kiya jaataa haye yaa suraksha mudde key roop mein taiyar kiya jaataa haye, tou coppenhagen school key anusaar, vishesh mamle koo prathamikta dee jaati haye. iska anivarya roop seey tatparya haye kii iss mamle koo asman samay, sansaadhan aur dhyaan praapt hotaa haye. isake alawa, yeh khatare koo beasar karane key liye saunpe gaye abhineta koo bhee pradaan kartaa haye, teji seey kaary karane key liye aavashyak kshamataaen (chuu aur munija 2019). isaliye, jaba kissy mudde koo safaltapurvak pratibhootikrit kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh samanya rajneeti key kshetra seey aapaatkaaleen rajneeti key kshetra mein sthanantarit hoe jaataa haye. yahaan, iss mudde seey nipatane key liye kathor upaayon koo manjuri dee jaati haye joe neeti nirmaan key paaramparik niyamon aur dishaanirdeshon (tourack, 2006) koo darkinar karate hain.
pratibhootikaran siddhant vishisht samajik samasyaon kaa jawab dene key liye sanrachit bhaashan karyon parr dridhata seey nirbhar kartaa haye. muddon (buzan aitt all) kaa samadhan khojane mein ack mahatvapurna pravachan sanrachana key roop mein bhasha key pahalu parr vichaar karane parr jore diyaa jaataa haye. 1998). isaliye iss mudde key mool parr pahunchane aur maujooda shakti sanrachanaon koo majboot karane vaale viveki vishayon koo nirdhaarit karane key liye ack vyaapak bhashai vishleshan aavashyak haye. haalaanki antarrashtriya sambandhon key tarkvaadi siddhanton ney aksar bhashai ghatak kii upeksha kii haye aur isake bajaay bhautik sansadhanon yaa sansthanon kii or unmukh kiya haye, kaee uttar-sanrachanaavaadi lekhak bhaashan karyon kii jaanch karane key liye vishleshanatmak upkaran pradaan karate hain. faucault koo uddhrit karate hue, debrics (2015) jaise lekhakon kaa tark haye kii duniya key hamaare vaichaarik aur viveki pratinidhitva poori tarah seey una lebalon parr nirbhar hain joe hamaare gyaan aur duniya kii samajh banaate hain.
pratibhootikaran prakriya mein mukhya antahkriya pratibhootikaran karane vaale abhineta key beach hoti haye, joe pratibhootikaran key madhyam seey ack vishisht mudde koo ack khatare (sandarbhit vishay) key roop mein frame kartaa haye aur usa samooh kii or jiss disha mein kadam lakshit kiya jaataa haye (sandarbhit vastu). pratibhootikaran siddhant spasht roop seey pratibhootikaran karane vaale abhineta kii profile koo nirdhaarit naheen kartaa haye. haalaanki, ack vyaapak sahamati prateet hoti haye kii pratibhootikaran karane vaale abhineta koo kuchh hudd taka viveki adhikaar rakhna chaahiye aur ack badey samooh yaa saamoohik (jaise.jee. ack raajya, raajneetik dall, yaa vidrohi gutt) (sjosted, 2017). iss prakaar, halanki siddhant roop mein kissy koo bhee pratibhootikaran abhineta key roop mein kaary karane seey pratibandhit naheen kiya gayaa haye, suraksha adhyayan kuleen raajneetik varg aur suraksha visheshagyon key prati ack majboot purvagrah banaae rakhate hain. natijatan, pratibhootikaran koo vyaapak roop seey ack jaanboojhkar, poorv-niyojit, abhijaat varg dwara sanchaalit prakriya key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. iss sambandh mein, siddhant kendrikaran key ack star koo purvanirdhaarit kartaa haye, jisamen yeh shamil haye kii samaaj mein kewal uchch aur pratishthit padon parr kaary karane vaale loga vaidh suraksha pravachan (karyotis, 2011) kaa utpaadan curr sakate hain. iss prakaar, kuchh abhinetaon koo dusaron kii tulanaa mein adhik visheshaadhikaar praapt hotey hain kyonki yeh bhaashan aur suraksha chintaon key nirmaan seey sambandhit haye (buzan aind waver, 2003).
darshak bhee pratibhootikaran siddhant kaa ack mahatvapurna ghatak haye. iss sambandh mein, pratibhootikaran koo ack antar-vishayagat prakriya maanaa jaataa haye joe darshakon kii sweekriti parr nirbhar karati haye. isaliye, yadi pratibhootikaran abhineta aur darshak donon ack vyaktiparak pratibhootikaran kadam koo pahachaante hain, tou yeh ack antar-vishayagat pratibhootikrit padaarth mein badal jaataa haye (sjöstedt, 2017).