
bryan boru

bryan boru (aadhunik; 23 aprail 1014) ack ayrish raajaa thaa jisane yuu neel dwara ireland key uchch raajatva key prabhutva koo samaapt curr diyaa, aur shayed ireland key wiking akramanon koo samaapt curr diyaa. bryan ney apane pitaa, senatig mack lorken aur vishesh roop seey apane badey bhaai, mathgaimen kii uplabdhiyon parr nirmaan kiya. bryan ney pahale khud koo munster kaa raajaa banaaya, phir leinster koo vash mein curr liya, aur antatah ireland kaa uchch raajaa bunn gayaa. vaha oh 'bryan rajvansh key sansthaapak they, aur vyaapak roop seey madhyayugeen ireland mein sabse safal aur ekjut karane vaale raajaon mein seey ack maane jaate hain.
500, 000 seey cumm logon kii aabaadi key saath, ireland mein 150 seey adhik raajaa they, jinake kshetra adhik yaa cumm they. yuu. aaee. aine. ee. ell. raajaa mell sechnil mack domnil, jise unake uttari rishtedaron dwara chhod diyaa gayaa thaa, ney 1002 mein athlon mein uchch raajaa key roop mein bryan koo sweekaar kiya. usake baad key dashak mein, bryan ney uttari yuu. aaee. aine. ee. ell. key khilaf abhiyaan chalaaya, jinhone apane daavon koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa, leinster key khilaf, jahaan pratirodh aksar thaa, aur doublin key norse-gallic raajya key khilaf. brian koo "annels off alster" mein "ardree gaddle eren aind galle aind brayton, agast ertire tuascurt eorpa yule" (ireland key gales aur norse videshiyon aur britten key uchch raajaa, sabhi uttar-paschimi europe key "augustus") key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, joe itihas mein usa vishishtata koo praapt karane vaale ekmatra ayrish raajaa they.
bryan key kadee mehnat seey jeete gaye adhikaar koo 1013 mein gambhir roop seey chunauti dee gaee thee jaba unake sahayogi mell sechnil parr senal negen raajaa flathbertack yue neel dwara hamla kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen alsterman unake sahyogiyon key roop mein they. isake baad doublin key german norseman dwara unake norse raajaa sigtrig silkbird aur mell morda mack marchada key netritva mein linsterman dwara mell sechnil parr aage key hamale kiye gaye. bryan ney 1013 mein inn dushmanon key khilaf abhiyaan chalaaya. 1014 mein, unaki senaaon ney linster aur doublin kii senaaon kaa saamana kiya. clontarf bryan kii parinami ladaai mein maare gaye; phir bhee, unaki senaa leinsterman aur norseman key khilaf vijayi thee. iss ladaai koo ayrish itihas mein ack mahatvapurna kshan key roop mein vyaapak roop seey saraha jaataa haye, aur yeh lokpriya smriti mein achchi tarah seey jaanaa jaataa haye.
samkaaleen itihaskaron dwara bryan koo achchi tarah seey maanaa jaataa thaa. norse-gail aur scandinavian logon ney bhee bryan kaa ullekh karate hue kritiyon kaa nirmaan kiya, jisamen "najal kii gaatha", "orkeninga gaatha" aur abb khoye hue "bryan kii gaatha" shamil hain. mell merda aur sigtrig key khilaf bryan kaa yuddh unake jatil vaivaahik sambandhon key saath atoot roop seey judaa huaa thaa, vishesh roop seey unaki shaadi gormleth, mell merda kii bahan aur sigtrig kii maan seey, joe badale mein doublin aur york key raajaa, taba mell sechnil kii patni, aur anta mein khud bryan kii patni thee.
parivarik prishthabhoomi.
bryan boru sennetig mack lorcan (dee. 951), joe daal gkies key raajaa aur tuadmumu (thomond) key raajaa they, aadhunik county clair, phir munster key uttar mein ack upa-raajya thaa. senatig koo "rigdamna casil" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, jiska arth haye kii vaha yaa tou cashell yaa munster key raajatva kaa uttaradhikari yaa ummidwar ("raajaa samagri") thaa, halanki yeh baad mein ack antarveshan hoe sakata haye. bryan kii maan bey binn inion urchaadh theen, joe urchaadh mack murchaadh (dee. 945), paschim connact mein mighg siola key raajaa. kii way yuu brin seola seey sambandhit they, yeh samajha sakate hain kii unhein bryan naam kyon milaa, joe kii dell gsice key beach durlabh thaa.
bryan kaa parivaar daal gkies (yaa deeis tucert) kii uee tairdelbakh shakha seey aaya thaa. iss shakha ney haal hii mein ui oenguso shakha seey satta leey lii thee joe paaramparik roop seey daal key raajaon (jise dessy tuascurt key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) kii aapoorti karati thee. yuee toyirdhelbhach ney thomand parr apana prabhaav badhaaya thaa aur 925 mein annels nott mein kahaa gayaa thaa kii mell gorm key bete enrothen ney corco mrude kaa raaj grahan kiya thaa. 934 mein ribachan mack mothala kii mrityu 934 mein hui aur unhein itihas (iss shabd kaa sabse pahala upayog) mein "dell gkies key raajaa" key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa. unaki mrityu key usee varsh, unake bete dub gilla koo bryan key chaacha conghlatch ney maar daala thaa aur kahaa jaataa haye kii bryan key daadaa lorcan raaj karane mein safal hue they. unhone apane bete synnaidig dwara uttaradhikari banane seey pahale ack chhote seey shasankal kaa anand liya, joe apane kshetra key baahar ack senaa kaa netritva karane aur athlon key roop mein uttar mein ack abhiyaan kaa netritva karane vaale dell gkies key pahale raajaa they. 951 mein unaki mrityu taka, unhein "tuadmumu key raajaa" key roop mein sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa. unake bhaai, mathgamen ney inn uplabdhiyon parr nirmaan kiya aur way cashell parr kabja karane vaale pahale vyakti they aur munster key raajaa baney.
praarambhik jeevan.
bryan kaa janm kinkora mein huaa thaa, joe unake pitaa kaa nivaas yaa kilaa thaa, joe tuadmumu kshetra key ack shahar kilalo mein thaa. bryan key maranoparant sangyaatmak naam "boruma" (boru key roop mein angreji mein) ney "bell boruma" koo sandarbhit kiya hoga, joe kilalo key uttar mein ack kilaa haye, jahan dell gsice kaa prabhutva thaa. ack anya vyakhya, halanki sambhavatah ack dair seey (punah) vyakhya, yeh haye kii upnaam pashu shraddhanjali key puraane ayrish "baruma" kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, joe ack shaktishali adhipati key roop mein unaki kshamata kaa ullekh kartaa haye.
baarah bhaaiyon mein sabse chhote key roop mein, bryan key apane pitaa key simhaasan key uttaradhikari honey kii sambhavana bahut cumm thee. jaba way yuva they, unhein lattin aur ireland key itihas kaa adhyayan karane key liye ack mathh mein bheja gayaa thaa. unhein county kerrie mein aadhunik kilarni key paas, inispholan dweep parr mathh mein padhaaya gayaa thaa. unake shikshak yaa maargdarshak prasiddh bhikshu, malsuthan yue searbhail they, joe ack agnact pramukh they, joe mathh key pramukh bunn gaye they, joe inispholan key itihas kii shuruat key liye prasiddh they. yue searbhail baad mein bryan kaa "anmol" (salaahkaar) bunn gayaa. haalaanki, jaba bryan duss saal key they, tou unhein khabar millie kii unake pitaa limeric key wikings key saath yuddh mein maare gaye they, aur unhein ghar laaya gayaa thaa.
bryan kii jeevani key anusaar, unhone ack baar limeric key wikings dwara ack daal gkies kille parr chhaapa maaraa thaa. kilaa shannon nadee key tata parr sthit thaa, jisase wikings koo limeric seey nadee parr hamla karane kii anumati millie. kahani key anusaar, bryan, mathgamen aur ack anya badaa bhaai kille key paas ack pahaadi yaa oonchi jameen parr maveshiyon key jhund kii dekhbhal curr rahey they. jaba way vahaan they, unhone cheekhane-chillaane aur aasmaan mein dhuaan dekhane key baad pahaad seey chhaapa maaraa. way shahar mein daude, kewal yeh dekhane key liye kii wiking pahale hii nickle chuke they. basti koo jalaa diyaa gayaa aur luutaa gayaa. bryan kii maan koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa, jaisa kii bryan key kaee bhaai they joe shahar kii raksha curr rahey they, saath hii kaee shahar key loga bhee. iss ghatana ney bryan koo bhayabheet curr diyaa aur usa parr ack sthaayi prabhaav daala.
nadee shannon ack aasaan maarg key roop mein kaam kartaa thaa jisake dwara kanach aur meath key praanton key khilaf chhaape maare jaa sakate they. bryan key pitaa, senatig mack lorken aur unake badey bhaai mathgaimain donon ney nadee mein chhaape maare they, jisamen yuva bryan ney nissandeh bhaag liya hoga. yeh unake baad key karyakal mein nausena balon key liye unaki sarahana kii jarh hoe sakati haye.
jaba unake pitaa kii mrityu hoe gaee, tou tuadmumu kaa raajatva bryan key badey bhaai, mathmain key paas chalaa gayaa. bryan aur mathgamen ney poore munster mein ack saath prachaar kiya. jaba 976 mein mathgamen koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa, tou bryan ney unaki jagah leey lii. baad mein, vaha munster key poore raajya kaa raajaa bunn gayaa.
mathmain kaa shasankal.
964 mein, bryan key badey bhaai, mathgamen ney pracheen iganchta kii rajdhani, vanshaanugat adhipati yaa munster key uchch raajaon, cashell kii chattan parr kabja karke munster key poore praant parr niyantran kaa daavaa kiya, lekin joe vanshvaadi kalah mein aur kaee hatyaon key saath khud koo iss hudd taka kamjor curr chuke they kii way abb napunsak they. pahale key hamale yuu. aaee. neel aur wiking donon key kaaran they. iss sthiti ney avaidh (iganach key drishtikon seey) koo anumati dee, lekin praantiya raajatva koo jabt karane kaa prayaas karane key liye sainyakrit dell cases. mathgamen koo kabhi bhee poori tarah seey maanyata naheen millie thee aur 960 aur 970 key dashak mein unake poore currier mein mell muad mack brain dwara virodh kiya gayaa thaa, joe cashell key drishtikon seey ack ardh-baahari thaa, lekin phir bhee door dakshin munster seey ack vaidh iganach davedar thaa.
mell muad key alawa, limeric kaa norse raajaa ever ack khatra thaa aur hoe sakata haye kii vaha praant yaa swayam key ack kshetra mein kuchh adhipatya sthaapit karane kaa prayaas curr rhaa hoe, "kogad gedel ray galib" key saath yeh bhee daavaa karate hue kii usane vaastav mein 968 mein salkoit kii prasiddh ladaai mein mathgaimen aur bryan dwara parajit honey taka ise hassil kiya thaa.
shuru mein, mathgaimen ney limeric key norse key saath shaanti sthaapit kii thee. haalaanki, bryan wikings key haathon apane parivaar key sadasyon kii maut kaa badala lene key liye utsuk thaa, aur apane anuyaayiyon key ack samooh key saath chhod diyaa aur munster key pahaadon seey wikings key khilaf ack gurilla abhiyaan shuru kiya. unhone wiking kilon aur gashti parr hamla kiya aur joe bhee bhojan aur hathiyar unhein mille, way butch gaye. unake hamale wikings koo kamjor karane mein safal rahey, lekin hatahaton kii sankhya badhane luggy aur bryan key lekhak key lekhan key anusaar, kewal 15 purush reh gaye. haalaanki, iss bindu parr apane chhote bhaai key saahas seey prerit hocker, mathgaimen ney bryan key saath wikings parr hamla karane aur unhein limeric aur munster seey hamesha key liye bhagaane kaa faisala kiya.
unhone apane poorv dushman maal muad sahit sabhi munster seey raajaon kii ack senaa ekatra kii. unhone sulkot kii ladaai mein norse parr ghaat lagaakar hamla kiya aur usey parajit curr diyaa. unhone apani jeet key baad lootpaat kii aur limeric koo jalaa diyaa. unhone ladane kii umr key harr aadami koo maar daala aur baaki aabaadi koo gulam banaa liya.
yeh teen ladaaiyon mein seey pahali thee joe bryan key currier koo ujagar karati thee. yeh jeet nirnaayak naheen thee aur antatah 972 mein norse "sainikon" yaa "adhikaariyon" koo munster seey baahar nikaalane aur unake limeric kille koo nasht karane key liye mathgamen, mell muad aur anya logon key beach ack prakaar kaa sankshipt gathbandhan huaa. dou gallic davedar jald hii ladaai mein vaapas aaa gaye aur 976 mein donnuban mcathel dwara mathgamen parr kille key kabje ney unhein aasaani seey bhejane yaa hatyaa karane kii anumati dee, joe abb dou saal taka cashell key raajaa key roop mein shasson karenge.
munster mein praarambhik shasankal.
mathgamen kii mrityu key bavjood, daal gasaai ack shaktishali bull banaa rhaa. mathgamen key baad brian ney thomand key raajaa key roop mein uttaradhikar praapt kiya, joe jaldi hii apane bhaai kii tarah senaaon key ack achche senapati saabit hue. varsh 977 mein bahut kamjor ivaar parr hamla karane aur maarne key baad, bryan ney ack nae lakshya kaa peechha kiya, jiska uddeshya munster mein shesh wiking upasthiti koo samaapt karna thaa. simhaasan parr chadhane parr, umar, shaasak yaa limeric shahar key rajyapal joe abb-slain ever key prati wafadar they, shahar seey jahaaj seey nadee key tope key muhaane kii or bhaag gaye aur apane beton key saath inis kaithe (scattery dweep) parr ack mathh mein sharan lii. haalaanki, apane bhaai kii mrityu kaa badala lene key liye, bryan ney pavitra paramparaon koo darkinar curr diyaa aur apane sainikon key saath dweep parr hamla kiya, wikings koo maar daala aur church koo apavitra curr diyaa.
lagbhag usee samay, 978 mein, bryan ney mell muad koo yuddh key liye chunauti dee, aur belach lechta kii durbhagyapurna ladaai mein unhein haraaya. yuddh mein mell muad maare gaye they aur baad mein praantiya raajatva key liye agnachta abb vyavharya naheen they, joe vansh parr adharit thaa. isaliye, munster kaa raajatva daal gkies key paas chalaa gayaa, aur bryan raajaa bunn gayaa.
baad mein, munster mein shesh antim vipaksh ack gathbandhan thaa jisamen donuban (donovan) key netritva mein vidrohi ayrish, mathgamen kii mrityu key liye jimmedaar vyakti, aur shesh norse/wiking senaayen, sambhavatah ever key antim shesh bete aur naamit uttaradhikari, arault (harold) key netritva mein theen. bryan ney una parr cathair kuan kii ladaai mein hamla kiya, joe yaa tou ack ladaai hoe sakati haye yaa 977-978 kii avadhi mein ack vistaarit sangharsh hoe sakata haye. kissy bhee mamle mein, ghatana kaa ullekh vrittaant mein kiya gayaa haye, aur baad key srot "kogad" mein bryan kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye kii vaha apane dushmanon kaa "mahaan vadh" curr rhaa haye, jisamen donuban aur arault donon koo maar rhaa haye, aur praant key bheetar apani sthiti surakshit curr rhaa haye.
haalaanki, unhone kuchh norse koo apani basti mein rahane kii anumati dee, kyonki way ameer they aur abb iss kshetra mein vyaapaar key liye kendriya they, vishesh roop seey daas vyaapaar, aur unake paas bahut moolya kaa bedaa thaa, jiska upayog bryan apane baad key nausainik abhiyaanon mein karenge.
apane bhaai mathgamen key shapath liye hue dushman mell muad kaa betaa, sian, baad mein bryan kaa ack wafadar sahayogi bunn gayaa aur kaee abhiyaanon mein usake adheen seva kii. kuchh vivaranon key anusaar, sean baad mein bryan kii ack betty, sadabh (mrityu 1048) seey shaadi karega.
uchch raajaa key saath sangharsh.
apane grih praant munster parr apratirodhya shasson sthaapit karane key baad, bryan ney poorv mein leinster key padosi praanton parr apana adhikaar badhaane aur uttar-paschim mein connact karane kii or rukh kiya. aisaa karke, vaha uchch raajaa mell sechnil mack domnil key saath sangharsh mein aaa gayaa, jiska shakti aadhar meath praant thaa.
agale pandrah varshon key liye, 982 seey 997 taka, uchch raajaa mell sechnil ney baar-baar senaaon kaa netritva kiya aur munster mein senaaon kaa netritva kiya, jabaki bryan ney apane pitaa aur bhaai kii tarah, lagbhag teen sou jahaajon kii apani nausena senaa kaa netritva kiya, taaki vaha nadee key donon or connot aur meath parr hamla curr sakey. iss sangharsh mein unhein kaafee ulatafer kaa saamana karna padaa, lekin aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii unhone apani asafalataon seey seekh lii haye. unhone ack sainya ranneeti vikasit kii joe unake poore currier mein unaki achchi tarah seey seva karegeeh nadiyon aur ireland key tata sahit bhoomi aur paani donon parr balon kaa samanvit upayog. bryan key nausena balon, jisamen hiberno-norse shaharon dwara aapoorti kii gaee tukadiyon koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen vaha apane niyantran mein (vishesh roop seey waterford) laae they, ney bhoomi parr apane balon key liye apratyaksh aur pratyaksh donon samarthan pradaan kiye. apratyaksh samarthan mein ack bedaa shamil thaa joe ack aise sthaan parr dushman parr ack modd hamla curr rhaa thaa jahan bryan ney apani senaa key saath hamla karane kii yojana banaai thee. pratyaksh samarthan mein nausena bull shamil they joe ack ranneetik pincer mein ack haath key roop mein kaary karate they, senaa doosari baanh banaati thee.
yeh sangharsh 982 mein shuru huaa, jaba bryan osrege key raajya key khilaf abhiyaan chalaa rahey they. munster key asurakshit honey key kaaran, mell sechnil ney dell gsice parr hamla kiya, edire key pavitra pedh koo nasht curr diyaa, jisake tahat dell gsice key kaee pramukhon koo taaj pahanaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen bryan key pitaa sennettig, unake bhaai mathmain aur khud bryan shamil they. jawab mein, bryan ney ack senaa kaa netritva paschim mein kiya jahan usane bhoomi koo loot liya. bryan key bede koo taba jhataka lagaa jaba unake bede key ack daste ney konach parr hamla kiya, jahan unhone konach key ack rajkumar, muirgius koo maar daala, joe rakshakon mein seey ack thaa. jawabi kaarravaai mein, naavikon ney jahaajon parr hamla kiya, chaalak dall kaa narsamhar kiya.
mell sechnil ney munster parr jawabi hamla kiya aur agami yuddh mein unhone dell gkies koo haraaya, jisamen bryan key chaacha sahit lagbhag chhah sou loga maare gaye. isake baad lagbhag nau varshon taka donon key beach saapeksh shaanti kii avadhi thee, jisamen bryan ney dakshin aur poorv mein apani shakti kaa vistaar karane kaa prayaas karate hue kaheen aur abhiyaan jaari rakhaa.
taba 993 mein, bryan, joe abb munster key adhikansh hisse parr niyantran mein thaa aur linster mein jameen hassil curr rhaa thaa, aur bhoomi parr uchch raajaa key khilaf mahatvapurna pragati karane mein asamarth thaa, ney mell sechnil parr hamla karane key liye apani nausena shreshthata kaa upayog karane kaa faisala kiya. unake bede ney tope koo oopar leey jaaya aur briefney key raajya parr aakraman kiya, joe abb county litrim aur cavan haye. aisaa karate hue, unhone uchch raajaa parr dabaav daala kyonki abb way uttar aur dakshin donon seey hamla karane key liye taiyar they.
996 mein, bryan antatah linster praant koo niyantrit karane mein kamyab rahey, jisake kaaran agale varsh mein mell sechnil ney unake saath ack samjhauta kiya. donon raajaon kii mulakat county farmanagh mein loff ree key tata parr bleenfotog mein hui, jahan samjhauta kiya gayaa thaa. leth moga", yaani dakshini aadhe hisse, jisamen munster aur leinster key praant shamil they, parr bryan key adhikaar koo pahchaanane key dwara, mell sechnil buss usa vaastaviktaa koo sweekaar curr rhaa thaa joe uska saamana curr rahee thee aur "leth kuin", yaani uttari aadhe hisse parr niyantran banaae rakhaa, jisamen meath, konach aur alster key praant shamil they.
thheek isaliye kii unhone bryan key adhikaar key samaksh samarpan curr diyaa thaa, 998 mein leinster key raajaa koo ukhaad fenka gayaa aur unaki jagah mell morda mack marchada ney leey lii. jinn paristhitiyon mein mell morda koo niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, unhein dekhate hue, yeh ashcharya kii baat naheen haye kii unhone bryan key adhikaar key khilaf ack khula vidroh shuru kiya. vidroh mein linster key saath, bryan aur mell sechnil donon key raajyon koo khatra thaa, aur iss prakaar unhone linster koo haraane key liye apane swayam key sangharsh koo kuchh samay key liye darkinar karane kaa faisala kiya.
bryan ney munster praant kii senaaon koo ikattha kiya aur mell sechnil ney doublin key hiberno-norse shahar kii gherabandi karane key iraade seey maith key senaaon koo ikattha kiya, jiss parr mell morda key sahayogi aur chachere bhaai sigtrig silkbeards dwara shasson kiya gayaa thaa. ack saath mell morda aur sigtrig ney gherabandi kaa jokhim uthaane key bajaay yuddh mein bryan kii senaa seey milane kaa dridh sankalp kiya. iss prakaar, 999 mein, virodhi senaaon ney glenmama kii ladaai ladee. ayrish itihas key sabhi loga iss baat seey sahmat hain kii yeh ack vishesh roop seey bheeshan aur khooni sagaai thee, halanki yeh daavaa kiya jaataa haye kii yeh subah seey aadhi raat taka chully, yaa sanyukt leinster-doublin bull ney 4,000 logon koo maar daala, joe sawal key liye khule hain. kissy bhee mamle mein, bryan ney apani jeet kaa anusaran kiya, jaisa kii usane aur usake bhaai ney battis saal pahale sulkot kii ladaai key baad kiya thaa, dushman key shahar parr kabja karke aur usey barkhast curr diyaa thaa.
sigtrig alster mein raajaon seey samarthan kii maang karate hue shahar seey bhaag gayaa, lekin usey ulaid dwara vaapas curr diyaa gayaa, lekin sigtrig key paas kuchh vikalp reh gaye lekin doublin mein lautane aur bryan key saamane aatmasamarpan karane key liye. ack baar phir, bryan ney sulah kaa vikalp chunaa; unhone anurodh kiya kii sigtrig vaapas aaen aur doublin key shaasak key roop mein apani sthiti koo phir seey shuru karein, sigtrig koo apani ack betty kaa haath shaadi mein dein, jaisa kii unhone eganot raajaa, sien key saath kiya thaa. yeh iss avsar parr hoe sakata haye kii bryan ney sigtrig kii maan aur mell marda kii bahan, mell sechnil kii poorv patni, gormflath seey shaadi kii hoe.
ireland key liye sangharsh.
bryan ney yeh spasht curr diyaa kii unaki mahatvakankshaen 997 key samjhaute seey santusht naheen hui theen, jaba varsh 1000 mein, unhone uchch raajaa mell sechnil mack domnil key grih praant maith parr hamale mein ack sanyukt munster-linster-dublin senaa kaa netritva kiya. poore ireland koo kaun niyantrit karega, iss parr sangharsh koo phir seey shuru kiya gayaa. mell sechnil kaa sabse mahatvapurna sahayogi konach key raajaa, kaithal mack conchobar mack tedag they, lekin isane kaee samasyaaen prastut keen. meath aur kanach key praanton koo shannon nadee dwara alag kiya gayaa thaa, joe donon maargon key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa jisake dwara bryan kii nausena bull kissy bhee praant key taton parr hamla curr sakati thee aur donon shasakon koo ack dusare key liye aapsi samarthan pradaan karane key liye ack baadha key roop mein. mell sechnil ack kushal samadhan key saath aaya; shannon key paar dou pull banaae jaayenge. yeye pull bryan key bede koo shannon kii yatra karane seey rokane key liye donon baadhaon key roop mein kaam karenge aur ack aisaa saadhan jisake dwara meath aur connact key praanton kii senaaen ack dusare key raajyon mein pravesh curr sakati hain.
annels kaa kahana haye kii, varsh 1002 mein, mell sechnil ney apani upaadhi bryan koo saunp dee, halanki way iss baare mein kuchh naheen kahate kii yeh kaise yaa kyon aaya. kogarh gedhil ray gallib" ack kahani pradaan kartaa haye jisamen bryan meath praant mein taaraa kii pahaadi parr ack yuddh key liye uchch raajaa mell sechnil koo chunauti detaa haye, lekin uchch raajaa ack maheene key yuddhaviram kaa anurodh kartaa haye taaki vaha apani senaa koo jutaa sakey, joe bryan usey pradaan kartaa haye. mell sechnil kshetriya shasakon koo ekjut karane mein whiffle rahata haye joe samay seema aaney taka nammatra apane adheenasth hotey hain, aur vaha apani upaadhi bryan koo saunpane key liye majboor hotaa haye.
iss spashteekaran key baare mein kuchh sandeh vyakt kiye gaye hain, bryan kii yuddh mein shamil honey kii shally koo dekhate hue; aggar vaha apane pratidvandi koo nuksan mein paataa tou yeh sabse adhik sambhavana haye kii vaha apane dushman koo samay dene key bajaay iska puuraa laabh uthaata. mell sechnil aur bryan key beach sangharsh kii lambai aur teevrata koo dekhate hue, yeh sambhavana naheen haye kii uchch raajaa binaa ladaai key apani upaadhi koo aatmasamarpan curr dega. kissy bhee mamle mein, yeh aam taur parr sweekaar kiya jaataa haye kii 1002 mein bryan ireland kaa nayaa uchch raajaa banaa.
uchch raajatva.
bryan, taba apane 60 key dashak mein, apane jeevan kaa agala dashak yaa tou cumm raajyon aur kshetron mein seey antim key adheenata aur sweekaar karane mein bitaaya, joe pahale seey hii unhein prastut naheen they. una abhiyaanon mein 1005 aur 1006 mein dweep key dou poorna paripath shamil they, joe unaki umr key bavjood unake dridh sankalp aur oorjaa kaa pradarshan karate they.
kuchh logon key vipareet, joe pahale upaadhi dhaaran curr chuke they, bryan kaa naam seey adhik uchch raajaa honey kaa irada thaa. ise puuraa karane key liye, unhein ekmatra praant key kshetriya shasakon parr apani ichcha thopane kii aavashyakta thee, joe pahale seey hii unake adhikaar koo maanyata naheen dete they. uttari neel aur ulaid key raajya ireland mein sabse shaktishali they, aur unhein vash mein karane mein kaafee samay aur sansaadhan lagey.
alster abhiyaan.
alster key bhugol ney ack durjeya chunauti pesh kii. teen mukhya maarg they jinake dwara ack aakramankari senaa praant mein pravesh curr sakati thee, aur teenon rakshakon key paksh mein they. bryan koo pahale inn rakshaatmak chok binduon key madhyam seey yaa unake aspas jaane kaa ack saadhan khojana padaa aur phir unhein alster key ugra swatantra kshetriya raajaon koo vash mein karna padaa. apane lakshya koo praapt karane key liye abhiyaan key liye bryan koo duss saal lagey, joe yeh dekhate hue kii vaha baaki ireland key sabhi sainya balon koo bulaa sakata thaa aur curr sakata thaa, yeh ingit kartaa haye kii alster key raajaa kitane durjeya they.
bryan koo apane uttari abhiyaanon key dauran doublin key sigtrig reshamdhari seey nausena kaa samarthan milaa. reshamdhari usa ulayad key khilaf badala lene key liye utsuk thaa jaba unhone usaki sahaayata karane seey incar curr diyaa jaba usey brian dwara 999 mein glenmama kii ladaai key baad usake doublin raajya seey baahar nikaal diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase reshamdhari koo doublin lautane aur usake adheen honey key liye majboor honah padaa thaa.
bryan koo iss tathya seey bhee bahut madad millie kii alster mein unake pahale abhiyaan seey dou saal pahale, varsh 1003 mein, crabe telcha kii kroor ladaai uttari yuu neel aur ulaid key beach hui thee, jisamen senal eghain aur yuu neel key raajaa maare gaye they aur ulaid shaahi rakt rekha key adhikansh hisse kaa safaya curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen yuu neel jeet hassil curr rhaa thaa. isake baad ulaid key kulon key bheetar aur unake beach uttaradhikar kaa ack khooni yuddh huaa, aur saath hii yuu. aaee. neel key aur hamalon key kaaran raajya gambhir roop seey kamjor hoe gayaa. bryan ney 1005 mein senal eghain raajaa key samarpan koo sweekaar kiya aur baad mein ack pavitra ulaid sthal, imain maacha mein kaee ulaid kulon key samarpan koo sweekaar curr liya.
haalaanki uttari yuu neel aur senal eoghan key nae raajaa, flathberteh yuu aeye neel, halanki pahale seey hii bryan key adheen they, jahir taur parr uchch raajaa key adhikaar koo poori tarah seey sweekaar karane key liye taiyar naheen they, aur kaafee vidrohi they. pahale bryan key shasson koo sweekaar karane key bavjood vaha apane padosiyon key prati apani nirantar aakraamakta key liye jaane jaate they. 1005 mein, bryan key alster seey chaley jaane key baad, unhone ulaid parr apana prabhutva sthaapit karane kaa prayaas kiya, aur unhein bryan key adheen honey key liye dandit karna chaahte they, jiska uttari uee neel ney jordar virodh kiya thaa. usane raajya parr hamla kiya, kaee raajaon aur ulaid key rajkumaron koo maar daala. usane kaee bandhakon koo bhee bandhak banaa liya.
isake kaaran bryan 1006 mein aur phir 1007 mein flathbertack seey nipatane key liye laut aae. baad key avsar parr, unhone ulaid key bandhakon koo flathbertack kii hirasat seey hataa diyaa aur unhein apani hirasat mein leey liya (insuffallan key itihas key anusaar, bryan koo bandhakon koo jabaran lena padaa). flathberte ney phir seey samarpan kiya, aur bryan kii ack betty, bey binn seey bhee shaadi kii.
isake bavjood, bryan vidrohi flathberte seey pareshan rahata thaa. varsh 1009 mein, flathberte ney andhaa curr diyaa aur phir senal chonel key raajaa koo maar daala. usa varsh baad mein vaha nadee key beach key ilaakon mein bhee chhaape maarega joe nadee key beach taka jaa rahey hain. isake kaaran bryan phir seey alster mein laut aae, iss baar senel eghain seey bandhakon koo apane grih praant mein vaapas leey gaye, anta mein flathberte kii uchit prastuti praapt kii.
isake baad flathberteh ney varsh 1011 mein bryan key beton merched aur domnal key saath-saath, antim raajya, joe abhee taka bryan key adheen naheen huaa haye, key khilaf abhiyaanon mein bhaag liya. haalaanki, way senal chonel key samarpan koo praapt karane mein asafal rahey. bryan taba vyaktigat roop seey usa varsh key anta mein dusare aakraman kaa netritva karane key liye aage badhe, iss baar safaltapurvak adheenata praapt kii aur senal chonel kii prastuti praapt kii. jabaki flathberte 1011 key anta aur 1012 mein ulaid aur senal chonel parr hamla karna jaari rakhenge, usa samay key liye vaha bryan key liye kissy bhee khatare seey door they.
praant mein unake abhiyaanon key dauran, yeh ack baar phir bhoomi aur samudra mein senaaon key bryan key samanvit upayog thaa jisane unhein jeet kii anumati dee; jabaki alster key shaasak bryan kii senaa kii pragati koo roque sakate they, way unake bede koo apane raajyon key taton parr hamla karane seey naheen roque sakey. ack baar brian ney alster praant mein pravesh kiya, tou unhone vyavasthit roop seey pratyek kshetriya shasakon koo haraaya, jinhone unhein apane adhipati key roop mein pahchaanane key liye majboor kiya.
iss prakriya key dauran bryan ney naa kewal alster praant parr, balki poore ireland parr apane niyantran koo majboot karane key liye ack vaikalpik saadhan kaa peechha kiya. apani sanrachana key vipareet, ireland mein church dioces aur archdioces key aspas naheen thaa, balki shaktishali mathadhishon key netritva vaale mathon key aspas thaa, joe una bhoomi key shaahi rajvanshon key sadasya they jinamen unake mathh rahate they. sabse mahatvapurna mathon mein seey ack aarmagh thaa, joe alster praant mein sthit thaa.
bryan key salaahkaar, maluthan oh 'caroll ney' book off aarmagh 'mein pralekhit kiya kii varsh 1005 mein, bryan ney iss mathh koo 22 auns sonaa daan kiya aur ghoshana kii kii aarmagh ireland kii dhaarmik rajdhani thee, jise anya sabhi mathon koo apane dwara ekatra kiye gaye dhana koo bhejana chaahiye. yeh ack chaturai bharaa kadam thaa, kyonki aarmagh key mathh kii sarvochata kewal taba taka chalati jaba taka bryan uchch raajaa baney rahate. isaliye, yeh aarmagh key hita mein thaa kii vaha bryan koo unaki poori sampatti aur shakti key saath samarthan dey.
aarmagh kii pustak' key ansh mein bryan koo 'aarad ree' key roop mein sandarbhit naheen kiya gayaa haye-yaani, uchch raajaa-balki unhein 'imperator scottorum' yaa 'gales kaa samrat' ghoshit kiya gayaa haye.
halanki yeh kewal atkalen hain, yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii bryan aur ireland mein church milkar ireland mein raajatva kaa ack nayaa roop sthaapit karane kii maang curr rahey they, joe ingland aur france key raajatva key baad banaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen kshetriya raajaon kii koee cumm rank naheen thee-buss ack raajaa jisake paas ekaatmak raajya mein anya sabhi parr shakti (yaa rakhane kii maang) thee. kissy bhee mamle mein, chaahe vaha uchch raajaa hoe yaa samrat, 1011 taka ireland key sabhi kshetriya shasakon ney bryan key adhikaar koo sweekaar kiya. bryan ney ise phir seey khone seey pahale ise hassil naheen kiya thaa.
leinster mein vidroh.
linster key mell morda mack marchada ney kewal bryan key adhikaar koo durbhavana seey sweekaar kiya thaa, aur 1012 mein vaha vidroh mein ubhara. kogarh gedhil ray gallib" ack kahani bataati haye jisamen bryan key beton mein seey ack mell merda kaa upman kartaa haye, joe usey bryan key adhikaar seey apani swatantrata kii ghoshana karane aur apane padosiyon parr hamla karane key liye prerit kartaa haye.
ack anya sambhaavit kaaran yeh thaa kii linster aur doublin key raajaon kaa maanana thaa kii mell sechnil kamjor thaa aur maith kaa raajya kamjor thaa. aisaa isaliye thaa kyonki senal eoghain aur uttari uee neel key raajaa flathberte uee neel phir seey bryan key liye pareshani kaa kaaran bunn rahey they. 1013 mein, unhone midlands parr chhaapa maaraa, jisase unhein mell sechnil key saath seedha sangharsh huaa joe maith kaa raajaa thaa. donon senaaon key beach cales key paas gatirodh thaa, lekin koee bhee yuddh honey seey pahale hii mell sechnil agyaat karanon seey peechhe hutt gaye. isase leinster mein yeh vishvaas paida huaa kii meath kamjor thaa, joe bryan koo bhee kamjor curr dega yadi leinster apane sahyogiyon mein seey ack koo kissy bhee sangharsh seey baahar nikaal sakata haye.
vaastavik kaaran joe bhee thaa, mell merda ney uchch raajaa kii avahelana karane key liye sahyogiyon kii maang kii. unhein alster mein ack flathbertack yuu neel milaa jisane haal hii mein bryan koo prastut kiya thaa. ack saath, unhone meath praant (phir seey) parr hamla kiya, jahan poorv uchch raajaa mell sechnil ney apane raajya kii raksha key liye bryan kii madad maangi.
1013 mein, bryan ney apane khud key munster praant seey aur dakshini kanach seey leinster mein ack bull kaa netritva kiya, aur apane bete, merched key tahat ack tukadi ney teen maheene taka leinster praant key dakshini aadhe hisse koo tabah curr diyaa. marchad aur bryan key adheen senaayen 9 sitambar koo doublin kii divaaron key baahar phir seey mill gaeen. shahar koo bryan key bede dwara avaruddh curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin yeh uchch raajaa kii senaa thee joe pahale aapoorti seey baahar hoe gaee thee, isaliye bryan koo gherabandi koo chhodane aur chrismus key aspas munster mein lautane key liye majboor honah padaa.
clontarf kii ladaai.
mell merda koo pataa thaa kii uchch raajaa 1014 mein doublin lautenge aur unhein haraane key liye ack baar phir koshish karenge. unhone ummeed kii hogi kii bryan kii avahelana karke, way anya sabhi kshetriya shasakon kii sahaayata praapt curr sakate hain. yadi aisaa haye tou vaha bahut nirash thaa. konach kaa praant aur alster kaa adhikansh praant sangharsh key kissy bhee paksh kaa samarthan karane mein whiffle rhaa, apavaad key roop mein uttari yuu neil key flathbertach yue neel ney sanic bheje. ireland mein kissy bhee shaasak seey senaa praapt karane mein unaki asamarthata yeh samajha sakati haye kii mell morda ney ireland key baahar key shasakon seey samarthan kyon manga, apane adheenasth aur bhatije, sigtrig, doublin key shaasak koo aisaa karane key liye videsh bheja.
sigtrig orkani key liye ravaana huaa, aur usaki vaapsee parr vaha aadami key dweep parr rook gayaa. inn dweepon parr bahut pahale seey hii wikings kaa kabja thaa aur hiberno-norse kaa orkani aur dweep key saath ghanishth sambandh thaa. dweepon seey naurasmen koo niyukt karane kii ack misal bhee thee; unakaa upayog sigtrig key pitaa, amlaib kuaran dwara 980 mein kiya gayaa thaa, aur khud sigtrig dwara 990 mein kiya gayaa thaa. ladane key liye unakaa protsaahan loot thaa, bhoomi naheen.
yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii, "kogarh gedhil ray gallib" mein kiye gaye daavon key vipareet, yeh wikings dwara ireland koo phir seey jeetane kaa prayaas naheen thaa. sabhi norseman, doublin key norse-gail aur dweepon key norseman, donon, mell merda kii seva mein they. uchch raajaa key paas apani senaa mein bhee 'wikings' theh limeric key hiberno-norse aur shayed waterford, wakesford aur cork key bhee. kuchh sroton mein aadami key dweep seey norse bhaade key sainikon kaa ack pratidvandi giroh shamil haye, jiska netritva brodir key apane bhaai, ospak ney kiya thaa. donon bhaai yuddh mein vipareet pakshon seey ladane key liye jaate they. kuchh vidvaanon kaa kahana haye kii, anivarya roop seey, yeh sangharsh mamuli videshi bhagidari key saath ack ayrish grihyuddh thaa. haalaanki, brian boru key abhiyaan aur clontarf kii ladaai key sanshodhanvaadi vichaar koo haal hii mein coventory, oxford aur schafield vishvavidyalayon key shodhkartaon dwara chunauti dee gaee haye, joe ayrish aur norseman key beach ack antarrashtriya yuddh kii tulanaa mein ack grih yuddh key samaan haye. madhyayugeen paath kaa ganitiya roop seey vishleshan karane key liye network vishleshan kaa upayog karate hue, unhone lagbhag 300 varnon key beach 1000 seey adhik sambandh paae; jaise kii, paaramparik drishtikon adhik sateek hoe sakata haye.
videsh seey praapt joe bhee sainikon key saath, bryan ney apane grih praant munster, dakshini konach aur meath praant seey sainikon koo ikattha kiya, baad vaale dall kii kamaan unake puraane pratidvandi mell sechnil mack domnil ney sambhali. bryan kii senaa kii sankhya mell morda seey adhik hoe sakati haye, kyonki bryan ney apane sabse chhote bete, donchad kii kamaan mein ack ghudsavaar tukadi koo dakshini leinster parr chhaapa maarne key liye paryaapt surakshit mahsoos kiya, sambhavatah mell morda koo apane dalon koo chhodane key liye majboor karane kii ummeed mein taaki way apane gharon kii raksha curr sakein.
bryan key saath uparokt ospak, ack norseman, brodir kaa bhaai bhee shamil huaa. shuru mein donon bhaai linster balon key saath bryan key khilaf ladane key liye dweep seey ravaana hue. haalaanki, ack asahamati key baad, brodir ney agali subah ospak aur usake aadmiyon koo maarne kii yojana banaai. ospak aur usake sanic raat key dauran 10 jahaajon key saath bhaag gaye aur ireland key chaaron or conact key liye ravaana hue, jahan ospak ney isai dharm mein parivartit hoe gaye aur bryan key prati nishtha kii kasam khaai. vaha yuddh mein apane bhaai key vipareet paksh mein ladey.
bryan aur mell sechnil ney apani senaa koo clontarf key uttar mein houth praaydweep taka graameen ilaakon aur bheetari ilaakon koo jalaane aur lootane key liye bheja. haalaanki, unake ack chhaape mein, mell sechnil key beton mein seey ack, flan, maaraa gayaa thaa jaba ack chhaapa maarne vaali party kaa vaha netritva curr rhaa thaa, jiss parr norse ney ghaat lagaakar hamla kiya thaa, jisamen kull 150 seey adhik ayrish maare gaye they.
bryan aur mell sechnil key beach asahamati key parinamswarup baad vaale ney apana samarthan vaapas leey liya. bryan ney ack doot koo donched koo khojane key liye bheja aur usey apani tukadi key saath lautane key liye kahaa, lekin madad key liye coll bahut dair seey aaya. bryan kii samasyaon koo badhaane key liye, mell morda key norse dall, siggered halodvirson, earl off orkani aur broadier off dha aisal off maine key netritva mein, 18 aprail koo taad key ravivaar koo pahunche. paanch dinn baad, 23 aprail 1014 koo, doublin shahar key thheek uttar mein, clontarf mein, achchi shukravaar koo ladaai hui.
sabhi vivaranon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii clontarf kii ladaai poore dinn chully, lekin yeh ack atishayokti hoe sakati haye. ladaai sabhi khaaton seey avishvasaniya roop seey khooni thee. haalaanki, bryan kii senaa ney antatah dushman kii rekha koo toda diyaa aur wikings ney apane jahaajon key liye bhaagne kaa prayaas kiya joe khaadi mein they. haalaanki iss samay jwaar aaya aur unamen seey kaee apane jahaajon key liye tairane key prayaas mein doob gaye kyonki ayrish dwara unakaa lagaatar peechha kiya jaa rhaa thaa.
bryan kii ayrish senaa ney aanshik roop seey ack chhote seey sankhyaatmak laabh key madhyam seey jeet hassil kii, aur chhote bhaale kaa upayog kiya joe unhone dushman parr fenke. ack vivaran key anusaar, mell sechnil kaa dill badal gayaa thaa aur vaha yuddh mein dair seey aaya thaa aur bryan kii mrityu key baad, usane ayrish senaa kaa netritva kiya aur parajay koo puuraa kiya.
swayam bryan key alawa, yuddh mein ayrish shaahi rakt rekha kaa adhikansh hissa mitaa diyaa gayaa thaa. raajaa key putra aur uttaradhikari, marchad, maare gaye. ack vivaran key anusaar usane 100 seey adhik dushmanon koo maar daala, lekin usaki apani mrityu kaa vivaran agyaat haye. wiking line tootane key turant baad unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
bryan key potey aur marchad key bete tordelbakh koo bhee maar diyaa gayaa thaa. 15 saal kii umr mein, unhone ayrish paidal senaa kaa netritva kiya aur wikings kaa peechha karate hue way samudra mein bhaag gaye. vaha ack lahar seey takra gayaa, usake sir parr takaraane key baad usey behosh curr diyaa, aur vaha doob gayaa.
linster aur wiking paksh mein, kaee loga maare gaye they. ladaai mein maal morda maaraa gayaa thaa. sigarad orkani kaa stout bhee marchad dwara maaraa gayaa thaa. broadir, jisane sambhavatah bryan koo maar daala thaa, koo yuddh key baad pakad liya gayaa aur maar diyaa gayaa.
mrityu.
bryan kii hatyaa kaise hui, isake kaee vivaran hain. kuchh logon kaa kahana haye kii vaha veertapurna yuddh key dauran maaraa gayaa thaa, halanki anya logon kaa kahana haye kii vaha yuddh mein shamil naheen thaa.
usaki badhati umr aur kamjori key kaaran. adhik samanya siddhant yeh haye kii brian koo clauntarf mein apane tambu mein prarthana karate hue bhaag rahey wiking bhaade key brodir dwara maar diyaa gayaa thaa.
23 aprail 1014 koo unaki mrityu key baad, bryan key shareer koo talvaaron, county doublin mein jagaane key liye aur phir aarmagh mein dafnaya gayaa. kahaa jaataa haye kii unakaa makbara aarmagh shahar mein sent patrick cathedral kii uttari deewaar mein haye.
baad mein brodir koo ack sahayogi aur sambhavatah bryan key ack rishtedaar, joe usake prati bahut wafadar thaa, dwara pakad liya gayaa aur berahami seey maar diyaa gayaa. brodir kaa pett talwar seey kataa gayaa thaa, aur usey ack pedh key chaaron or ghumaaya gayaa thaa, jisake parinamswarup usake ander key hisse pedh key chaaron or ghoom gaye they.
aage aisee khabaren aaee hain kii bryan boru key shareer koo unaki mrityu key baad munster mein unaki matribhoomi mein vaapas laaya gayaa thaa. linster/munster seema parr urlingford key baahar sthit grain naamak kshetra seey gujarate samay, bryan kii senaa parr hamla kiya gayaa aur usaki laash koo ack pedh key saath baandh diyaa gayaa taaki vaha senaa koo nirdeshit curr rhaa hoe. baad key varshon mein, kalaakritiyaan-talvaaren aur kapade-dridhata seey bataate hain kii unaki senaa iss kshetra mein thee. aaj grain pahaadi parr ack deewaar haye joe donon praanton koo alag karati haye aur ack sankeern sadak abhee bhee maujood haye joe osri aur cashell key diosis koo jodane vaali mukhya sadak huaa karati thee.
bryan koo ireland key uchch raajaa key roop mein unake poorv dushman aur baad mein sahayogi, mell sechnil (malachi morr) dwara safal banaaya gayaa thaa, jinhone vaha khitaab hassil kiya joe unhone kaee saal pahale bryan seey khou diyaa thaa. unhone 1022 mein apani mrityu taka shasson kiya.
aitihaasik drishya.
pichhale 250 varshon seey itihaskaron key beach ireland key wiking yug aur clontarf kii ladaai key baare mein bahas hoe rahee haye. maanak, aur "lokpriya", drishtikon yeh haye kii yuddh ney ayrish aur wikings key beach ack yuddh koo samaapt curr diyaa, jisake dwara bryan boru ney ireland mein wiking shakti koo toda diyaa. haalaanki, sanshodhanvaadi itihaaskaar ise ack ayrish grihyuddh key roop mein dekhate hain jisamen bryan boru key munster aur usake sahyogiyon ney linster aur doublin koo haraaya, aur donon taraf seey wiking lada rahey they. janwari 2018 mein, ack saiddhaantik bhautik vigyaani, coventory vishvavidyalaya key professor ralf kenna key netritva mein, oxford aur schafield vishvavidyalayon key shodhkartaon ney "royal society open science" patrika mein ack pepper prakaashit kiya, jisamen 12veen shatabdi key "kogadh gedhel ray gallab" ("videshiyon key saath gail kaa yuddh") kaa ganitiya roop seey vishleshan karane key liye network vigyaan kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. daine aur anya norseman), jinhone lagbhag 300 paatron key beach 1000 seey adhik sambandhon koo soochibaddh kiya, aur nishkarsh nikala kii ayrish aur german norseman key beach yuddh kaa maanak aur lokpriya drishtikon motey taur parr sahee thaa, lekin yeh kii tasveer phir bhee "poori tarah seey 'spasht-cutt' ayrish banaam wiking sangharsh" kii tulanaa mein adhik jatil thee. halanki pepper key saha-lekhakon mein seey ack, phd chhaatr joseph jose ney kahaa kii "hamara saankhyikiya vishleshan... bahas koo nirnaayak roop seey hull naheen curr sakate.
sanshodhanvaadi siddhant yeh haye kii bryan kii lokpriya chhavi-vaha shaasak joe ireland key kshetriya netaaon koo ekjut karane mein kamyab rhaa taaki bhoomi koo 'danish' (wiking) kabje seey mukt kiya jaa sakey-"kogarh gedhil ray gallab" key shaktishali prabhaav seey utpann hoti haye, jisamen bryan pramukh bhoomika nibhaata haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii iss kaam koo bryan key parpote muirchertch yue bryan dwara uchch raajatva key liye yue bryan key daave koo uchit thaharaane key saadhan key roop mein shuru kiya gayaa thaa, ack sheershak jiss parr yuee neel kaa lagbhag ekadhikar thaa. haal key shodh ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii yeh muerchertack key samkaaleen aur chachere bhaai, bryan glin maidir, yaa cumm seey cumm bryan key bete, donched key vanshaj key liye kissy anukool vyakti dwara commission kiya gayaa hoga.
vidvaanon aur lokpriya lekhakon donon parr iss pustak key prabhaav koo atiranjit naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. 1970 key dashak taka ireland mein wikings kii gatividhiyon key baare mein adhikansh vidwan lekhan key saath-saath bryan boru key currier ney "kogarh gedhil ray gallab" key daavon koo sweekaar kiya.
jabaki bryan ney ireland koo norse (wiking) key kabje seey mukt naheen kiya hoga, kewal isaliye kii yeh kabhi bhee wikings dwara poori tarah seey jeeti naheen gaee thee, unake shasson ney wikings aur wiking-sthaapit bastiyon key khilaf lagaatar sangharsh dekhaa, baad vaale sabhi koo hamlaavaron koo ireland key aantarik bhaag taka aasaan pahunch dene key liye sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 8veen shatabdi key antim dashak mein, norse hamlaavaron ney ireland mein lakshyon parr hamla karna shuru curr diyaa aur 9veen shatabdi key madhya mein, inn hamlaavaron ney kileband shiviron kii sthaapana kii joe baad mein ireland key pahale shaharon mein vikasit hueh doublin, limeric, waterford, wakesford aur cork. kuchh hii peedhiyon key bheetar, kuchh norse ney isai dharm apana liya thaa, ayrish key saath antar-vivaah kiya thaa, aur aksar ayrish bhasha, poshak aur reeti-rivaajon koo apanaaya thaa, iss prakaar itihaaskaar ise hiberno-norse key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain.
aise hiberno-norse shaharon ney bryan key janm seey bahut pahale ireland key raajneetik paridrishya key bheetar ack kamjor sthiti parr kabja curr liya thaa. unhein aksar ayrish shasakon key hamalon kaa saamana karna padaa aur unhone dusaron key saath gathbandhan kiya. norse, jinhone shuru mein hamla kiya aur baad mein ireland mein buss gaye, aanshik roop seey ayrish dwara aatmasaat kiye gaye they. haalaanki, bryan key pitaa kii sambhavatah limeric key norse dwara hatyaa curr dee gaee thee aur vaha khud ack vidroh key dauran marr gayaa thaa jise kaee wiking netaaon, vishesh roop seey norse off maine dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa.
patniyaan aur bachche.
bryan kii pahali patni morr thee, joe konach key raajaa yuu fiacrock adney kii betty thee. kahaa jaataa haye kii vaha unake beton marchad, konchobar aur flan kii maan thee. baad mein vanshavali ney daavaa kiya kii inn beton ney koee vanshaj naheen chhoda, halanki vaastav mein marchad key bete tardelback koo apane pitaa aur daadaa key saath clontarf mein maaraa gayaa thaa.
ack anya patni, ichrad, carlus mack elela kii betty thee, joe dakshini yuni neel kii ack aspasht shakha, euida odda key raajaa they. vaha bryan key bete taad kii maan theen, jinake bete toyerdaleback aur potey muirchertack satta aur prasiddhi mein bryan seey pratidvandi they.
bryan kii sabse prasiddh shaadi leinster key mell morda kii bahan gormflath key saath hui thee. donchad, jisane 1023 mein apane sautele bhaai taad koo maar daala thaa aur usake baad 40 varshon taka munster parr shasson kiya, iss sangh kaa parinam thaa.
bryan kaa chhathaa betaa thaa, domnal. haalaanki vaha apane pitaa seey pahale marr chuka thaa, lekin spasht roop seey uska cumm seey cumm ack bachcha jeevit thaa, ack betaa jiska naam darj naheen haye. domnell shayed bryan kii chauthi gyaat patni, dub choblag kaa betaa hoe sakata haye, jisaki mrityu 1009 mein hui thee. vaha raajaa kaithal mack conchobar mack tedag off connuch kii betty thee.
bryan kii cumm seey cumm teen betiyaan theen, lekin unaki maataon kaa ullekh naheen haye. sadb, jinaki mrityu 1048 mein "annels off inispholan" dwara darj kii gaee haye, kaa vivaah myal muad mack brain key bete, sian seey huaa thaa. bey binn kaa vivaah uttari neel raajaa flathbertch yue neel seey huaa thaa. teesari betty, sline, kaa vivaah brian key sautele bete sigtrig silkbird off doublin seey huaa thaa.
najal kii gaatha" key anusaar, unakaa ack paalak putra thaa jiska naam kerthiyalfad thaa.
parivarik viraasat.
bryan key vanshajon koo yuu brine (oh 'bryan) kabile key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, isaliye upnaam oh brine, oh' bryan, oh 'bryan aadi they. "oh" mool roop seey 'thaa joe badale mein' seey aaya thaa, jiska arth haye 'potaa yaa vanshaj' (ack naamit vyakti kaa). upsarg koo aksar "oh" key liye angrejeekrit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen ayrish (shh) key bajaay ack apastrophy kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. oh 'bryan baad mein desh key mukhya rajvansh parivaaron mein seey ack key roop mein sthaan praapt kiya.
bryan kii teesari parpoti gwenlion furch groufid (1097-1136) thee, joe wells mein dehubarth kii rajkumari thee, joe deshbhakti key vidroh aur yuddh kii netaa thee jisane yuddh mein yogdan diyaa.
bairan inchikin bryan boru seey vansh kaa daavaa karate hain, jaisa kii surr donaf oh 'bryan, 1st baronet ney kiya thaa.
vanshavali.
bryan boru kaa vansh
saanskritik viraasat.
saahitya.
"james joyce dwara "fingans wake" (1939), usa pustak ("clonterfminded") key vishisht navshabdon aur aspasht sandarbhon (jaise kii brian boru aur clonterf) key kaee sandarbh detaa haye.jee. "jaisa kii vernan key paas bryan kii talwar hoti haye"-machug bataate hain kii vernan, ack italvi parivaar, key paas ack pracheen talwar thee jise bryan boru kahaa jaataa thaa).
johnn myers myers key 1949 key upanyaas "silverlock" mein, bryan boru kii mrityu kaa varnan mukhya charitra key drishtikon seey kiya gayaa haye.
morgan llevelin kaa "lyon off ireland" (1980) bryan boru key jeevan key baare mein ack aitihaasik upanyaas haye.
donnel oh 'neel kaa "maut key bete" (1988), bryan boru key baare mein ack aitihaasik upanyaas, bryan key darbar mein ack yuva kuleen melpatric key drishtikon seey bataaya gayaa haye. yeh lambe samay seey khoye hue "bransaga" key kaalpanik upkaran kaa upayog apane srot key roop mein kartaa haye. yeh ayrish itihas parr adharit shrinkhala mein teesara haye, jisaki shuruat see. 800 bee. see. (khand. 1, "crucible"; khand. 2 "devtaon aur purushon key").
bryan boru kii antim ladaai aur mrityu kii kahani frank delani key upanyaas "ireland" (2005) mein bataai gaee haye.
robbert ee. haward ney 1931 mein clontarf kii ladaai key dou sanskaran likhe; ack yathaarthvaadi aitihaasik upanyaas jiska sheershak thaa "clontarf key bhaale", jise unhone bhagwan odin key roop jaise shandar tatvon koo shamil karane key liye sanshodhit kiya aur jiska sheershak "gray godd paas" rakhaa. "dha carron onn dha headland" vartamaan samay mein baad vaale sett kii agali kadee haye.
sangeet.
ireland key paaramparik pradarshanon mein sabse purani dhunon mein seey ack key sheershak mein unakaa naam yaad kiya jaataa haih "bryan boru kaa march". yeh abhee bhee paaramparik ayrish sangeetkaron dwara vyaapak roop seey bajaaya jaataa haye. vaha cumm seey cumm dou opera kaa vishay thaah johann bernhard lodgier (1777-1846) dwara "bryan boroheme" (1810) aur juuliyan edwards (1855-1910) dwara "bryan boru" (1896). sent patrick key cathedral mein unake dafanaane kaa ullekh thomas pee dwara "county aarmagh key ladakon" geet mein kiya gayaa haye. utsuk (1866-1927). yuddh mein unake karnamon ney ayrish lock dhaatu baind kruchan key geet "yuddh key liye paida huaa (bryan boru kaa uday)" key liye prerana key roop mein kaam kiya.