
shishu bhojan

shishu bhojan stun doodh yaa shishu sootra key alawa koee bhee naram bhojan haye joe vishesh roop seey chhah maheene seey dou saal key beach key maanav shishuon key liye banaaya jaataa haye. bhojan kaee kismon aur swaadon mein aataa haye joe utpadakon seey taiyar kiye gaye khareede jaate hain, yaa yeh parivaar dwara khaaya gayaa table food hoe sakata haye jise pees diyaa gayaa hoe yaa anyatha toda diyaa gayaa hoe.
taiyari aur swaasthya.
taiyari.
2023 taka, vishva swaasthya sangathan, unicef aur kaee rashtriya swaasthya agencies ney bhojan parr ack bachche koo shuru karane seey pahale chhah maheene kii umr taka intezar karane kii sifarish kii. naa tou bahut jaldi aur naa hii bahut dair seey.
swaasthya.
vaishvik saarvajanik swaasthya anushansa key roop mein, vishva swaasthya sangathan anushansa kartaa haye kii shishuon koo ishtatam vikas, vikas aur swaasthya praapt karane key liye jeevan key pahale chhah maheenon key liye vishesh roop seey stanpan karaaya jaanaa chaahiye. adhikansh chhah maheene key shishu shaaririk aur vikasatmak roop seey nae khaadya padarthon, banaavat aur bhojan key tarikon key liye taiyar hotey hain. vishva swaasthya sabhaa koo salah dene vaale visheshagyon ney saboot pradaan kiye hain kii chhah maheene seey pahale thhos padarthon koo pesh karane seey bachchon key vikas mein sudhaar kiye binaa bimari kii sambhavana badh jaati haye.
chhah maheene seey pahale thhos khaadya padarthon kii shuruat seey judee swaasthya chintaon mein seey ack iron kii kamee haye. poorak khaadya padarthon kii praarambhik shuruat shishu kii bhookh koo santusht curr sakati haye, jisake parinamswarup cumm baar stanpan kiya jaataa haye aur antatah maan mein doodh kaa utpaadan cumm hotaa haye. kyonki maanav doodh seey iron kaa avashoshan taba hotaa haye jaba doodh nikatvarti chhote aantr mein anya khaadya padarthon key sampark mein hotaa haye, poorak khaadya padarthon key shuruati upayog seey iron kii kamee aur anaemia kaa khatra badh sakata haye.
kanada mein shishu bhojan mein sodium kii matra niyantrit kii jaati haye; yadi sodium jodaa gayaa haye (tanaavpurna mithaai koo chhodkar) tou tanaavit phal, falon kaa russ, phal peya aur anaaj naheen becha jaa sakata haye. praakritik roop seey sodium yukt khaadya padaarth shishu bhojan key prakaar key aadhar parr prati 100 graam bhojan mein 0.05-0.25 graam taka seemit hotey hain.
yadi allergy kaa parivarik itihas haye, tou koee bhee ack samay mein kewal ack nayaa bhojan pesh karna chaah sakata haye, kuchh dinon key beach mein kissy bhee pratikriya koo notice karane key liye chhod sakata haye joe khaadya allergy yaa samvedansheelta kaa sanket dega. iss tarah, yadi bachcha ack nishchit bhojan koo sahan karane mein asamarth haye, tou yeh nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakata haye kii kaun saa bhojan pratikriya kaa kaaran bunn rhaa haye.
shishuon key swasth vikas key liye unake badhate hue poshan sambandhi jarooraton koo puuraa karna aavashyak haye. shishuon koo anuchit yaa aparyaapt roop seey khilaane seey badee beemariyan hoe sakati hain aur unake shaaririk aur mansik vikas koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye. shaikshik abhiyaan joe thhos khaadya padarthon koo kaba pesh karna haye, shishu koo khilaane key liye uchit prakaar key khaadya padarthon aur swachchata prathaon key baare mein jaankaari saajha karate hain, inn aahar prathaon mein sudhaar karane mein prabhaavi hain.
poshan sambandhi aavashyaktaaen aur bhojan kii matra.
navjat shishuon koo stanpan yaa shishu sootra key aahar kii aavashyakta hoti haye. inn doodhon mein lagbhag 40 pratishat khaadya oorjaa carbohydrate seey aatee haye, jyaadaatar lactose naamak ack sadharan cheeni seey.
jaisa kii 2008 key "shishuon aur chhote bachchon koo khilaane" key adhyayan mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, shishuon aur chhote bachchon kaa samagr aahar, shishu bhojan key praathamik upabhokta, aam taur parr macronutorients kii anushansit matra koo puuraa karate hain yaa kaafee hudd taka adhik karate hain. chhote bachche aur preschooler aam taur parr bahut cumm aahar fiber khaate they, aur preschooler aam taur parr bahut adhik santript vasaa khaate they, halanki samagr vasaa kaa sevan anushansit seey cumm thaa. sookshm poshak tatvon kaa star aamtaur parr anushansit staron key bheetar hotaa thaa. americi adhyayan mein badey shishuon key ack chhote samooh koo adhik iron aur jink kii aavashyakta thee, jaise kii iron-fortified bebi foods seey. chhote bachchon aur poorvaskooli bachchon kaa ack badaa anupaat synthetic follet, poorv-nirmit vitamin aeye, jink aur sodium (namak) key uchch anushansit star seey adhik thaa.
vishva swaasthya sangathan chhoti matra mein shuru karane kii salah detaa haye joe dheere-dheere bachche key badey honey key saath badhati haih 6 seey 8 maheene kii umr key shishuon key liye prati dinn 2 seey 3 bhojan aur 9 seey 23 maheene kii umr key shishuon key liye prati dinn 3 seey 4 bhojan, 1 yaa 2 atirikt snacks key saath.
taiyari aur bhojan.
shishu khaadya padaarth yaa tou ack naram, taral pest yaa aasaani seey chabaaya jaane vaalaa bhojan hotaa haye kyonki shishuon mein prabhaavi roop seey chabaane key liye vikasit maanspeshiyon aur daanton kii kamee hoti haye. shishu aamtaur parr bachche key bhojan kaa sevan karane key liye aage badhate hain jaba bachche kii bhookh key liye nursing yaa formula paryaapt naheen hotaa haye. bachchon koo thhos khaadya padaarth khaane key liye daanton kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. haalaanki, aamtaur parr iss umr mein daant dikhana shuru hoe jaate hain. kuchh khaadya padarthon kaa dhyaan rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye joe ghutan kaa khatra paida karate hain, jaise kii cumm pakaai hui sabjiyaan, angur, yaa aise bhojan jinamen haddiyaan hoe sakati hain. shishu taral shally kaa shishu bhojan khaana shuru curr dete hain jisamen shuddh sabjiyaan aur phal hotey hain, kabhi-kabhi chawal key anaaj aur formula, yaa stanpan key saath milaaya jaataa haye. phir, jaise hii bachcha chabaane mein behtar hotaa haye, chhote, naram tukade yaa gaanthen shamil kii jaa sakati hain. dhyaan rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye, kyonki daant vaale shishuon mein bhojan key tukade todane kii kshamata hoti haye, lekin unake paas peesane key liye peeth key daadh naheen hotey hain, isaliye bhojan koo saavdhaanipoorvak pees yaa pahale seey chabaa yaa unake bachche key liye prabandhaniya tukadon mein todaa jaa sakata haye. lagbhag 6 maheene kii umr mein, bachche maataa-pitaa kii madad seey khud koo khaana khilana shuru curr sakate hain (haathon seey bhojan key tukade uthaana, poori mutthi kaa upayog karna, yaa baad mein pinsar pakadana (angootha aur tarjani)).
ghar kaa banaa yaa vyaavsaayik.
gharelu shishu bhojan vaanijyik shishu khaadya padarthon kii tulanaa mein cumm mahanga haye. ghar kaa banaa bhojan tabhi upayukt hotaa haye jaba parivaar key paas paryaapt aur vividh aahar key saath-saath prasheetan aur buniyaadi swachchata taka pahunch hoe. ghar mein baney shishu bhojan jaise kii sabjiyaan yaa phal dhone aur dhone key saath-saath khaana pakaane aur packaging samagri kaa upayog karate samay uchit swachchata vidhiyon kaa paalan karna mahatvapurna haye.
ghar key baney bhojan key liye kewal ack jaar yaa khaane key liye taiyar vaanijyik shishu bhojan key dibbe koo kholane kii tulanaa mein adhik taiyari samay kii aavashyakta hoti haye. chhote bachchon key liye bhojan koo bareek karane yaa shuddh karane kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye, yaa binaa namak, teevra masalon yaa cheeni key alag seey pakaaya jaa sakata haye jise parivaar khaane key liye chunata haye.
swaadisht khaana.
maataa-pitaa aur/yaa dekhbhal karane vaale aadhe bachche koo "chusti" yaa "badtamiji" key roop mein samajh sakate hain, jisamen 24 maheene key aspas charam hotaa haye. joe vayask iss raay koo rakhate hain, way aksar kewal teen seey paanch prayason key baad bachche koo nae khaadya padaarth denaa bund curr dete hain, bajaay taba taka kii jaba taka bachche ney aathh seey pandrah baar iska swaad naheen liya hoe taba taka bhojan denaa jaari rakhate hain. way pratikool vyavhaaron mein bhee sanlagn hoe sakate hain, jaise kii bhookh koo dabaane vaale doodh yaa anya pasandida khaadya padarthon koo ack vikalp key roop mein pesh karna, yaa bachche koo khaane key liye majboor karane yaa rishwat dene kii koshish karna.
prakaar.
pahale varsh key dauran, stanpan yaa shishu sootra calori aur poshak tatvon kaa mukhya srot haye. janm seey laker chhah maheene taka, shishuon koo kewal stun kaa doodh yaa aparivartit doodh kaa sevan karna chaahiye. apane jeevan key pahale 3-5 dinon mein, navjat shishuon koo dinn key dauran harr 2-3 ghante mein 2 auns khilaaya jaanaa chaahiye, aur raat mein harr 3 ghante mein prati dinn 8-12 bhojan key liye taiyar kiya jaanaa chaahiye. jaba ack shishu chaar maheene kaa hotaa haye, taba bhee unake aahar mein vishesh roop seey doodh yaa formula hotaa haye aur aamtaur parr prati dinn 30-32 oz khaana chaahiye. chhah maheene kii umr taka, shishu table food seey parichit karaane key liye taiyar hoe jaate hain. 
yadi ghutan key khatron parr dhyaan diyaa jaae tou bachchon koo seedhe samanya parivarik bhojan parr shuru kiya jaa sakata haye; ise bebi-leed weaning kahaa jaataa haye. kyonki stanpan maan dwara khaae gaye khaadya padarthon kaa swaad letaa haye, yeye khaadya padaarth vishesh roop seey achche vikalp hain.
chhote bachchon key liye khaadya padaarth.
kuchh vaanijyik shishu khaadya companiyon ney lagbhag 12 maheene seey laker dhaaee saal kii umr taka key bachchon key liye vishesh khaadya padarthon kaa utpaadan karane key liye apani lines kaa vistaar kiya haye. inmein russ, anaaj, chhote microwave yogya bhojan, pakey hue saman aur anya khaadya padaarth shamil hain jinhen chhote bachchon key liye taiyar kiya gayaa haye aur vipanan kiya gayaa haye.
jarachikitsa upayog.
1940 key dashak key anta mein, jarbar utpaad company aur beachnut ney bujurgon, beemar yaa viklang logon dwara upayog key liye vaanijyik shishu khaadya padarthon kii bikri koo badhaava dene key liye vishesh paak-pustakon kaa utpaadan kiya.
aitihaasik aur saanskritik.
shishuon kaa bhojan sanskriti seey sanskriti mein bhinn hotaa haye. kaee sanskritiyon mein, anaaj aur taral padarthon kaa pest pahala shishu bhojan haye. maanav itihas mein aur vartamaan mein duniya bhar mein kaee sanskritiyon key saath, bachchon koo bhojan koo kuchalane aur paachan prakriya shuru karane key liye bachche key dekhbhal karane vaale dwara poorv-nirmit bhojan khilaaya jaataa haye. 
paschimi duniya mein 1900 key dashak key madhya taka, shishu bhojan aam taur parr ghar parr banaaya jaataa thaa. audyogik kranti ney shishu khaadya bajar kii shuruat dekhi jisane vaanijyik shishu khaadya padarthon koo suvidha vastuon key roop mein badhaava diyaa. vikasit deshon mein, bachchon koo abb aksar vyaavsaayik roop seey utpaadit lauh-pusht shishu anaaj key saath shuru kiya jaataa haye, aur phir peese hue falon aur sabjiyon kii or badh jaate hain. vaanijyik shishu khaadya padaarth vyaapak roop seey sookhe, khilaane key liye taiyar aur jamey hue roopon mein upalabdh hain, aksar chhote baichon mein (jaise.jee. chhote jaar) taiyari kii suvidha key liye. isake vipareet, vikaasheel deshon mein, stanpan koo adhik vyaapak roop seey sweekaar kiya jaataa haye aur saarvajanik roop seey samajik roop seey sahan kiya jaataa haye, iss prakaar ack samajik virodhabhas paida hotaa haye. shishu bhojan kaa aavishkaar" key lekhak ammy bentley iss baare mein baat karate hain kii kaise shishu aahar americi shatabdi key yuddh key baad key yug mein kissy kii sthiti koo darshaata haye kyonki vikasit deshon mein, parivaar apane bachchon koo khilaane key liye prasanskrit shishu khaadya padaarth khareedane mein saksham hain, jabaki vikaasheel desh mein, praakritik stanpan adhik lokpriya haye.
neetherland mein vyaavsaayik roop seey taiyar kiye gaye shishu khaadya padarthon koo pahali baar 1901 mein apani nv nutricia company key madhyam seey martinus vaine dair hagen dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. sanyukt raajya america mein unhein pahali baar harrold clap dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone 1920 key dashak mein clap key shishu bhojan koo becha thaa. framont canning company, jise abb jarbar utpaad company kahaa jaataa haye, 1927 mein shuru hui. beach-nutt company ney yuu mein pravesh kiya.aiss. 1931 mein shishu khaadya bajar. pahala poorv-pakaa huaa sookha shishu bhojan pablam thaa joe mool roop seey 1930 key dashak mein beemar bachchon key liye banaaya gayaa thaa. anya vaanijyik shishu khaadya nirmaataon mein aich shamil hain. jey. henz company, nesley, nutricia, organics aur unilever. heinz ney 1980 key dashak mein nirjalit shishu bhojan kaa utpaadan kiya. 1960 key dashak mein javic bhojan key liye maataa-pitaa kii maang badhane luggy; taba seey, kaee badey vaanijyik nirmaataon ney shishu bhojan kii javic panktiyon koo pesh kiya haye.
america mein 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, adhikansh shishuon ney saat maheene kii umr key aspas shishu bhojan khaana shuru curr diyaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran aur usake turant baad, jiss umr mein thhos bhojan pahali baar pesh kiya gayaa thaa, usey kewal chhah saptah taka chhod diyaa gayaa. taba seey yeh ayu badhkar chaar seey chhah maheene hoe gaee haye. 20veen shatabdi key madhya taka, nirmit shishu bhojan kaa aasaani seey upayog kiya jaataa thaa aur pichhale shishu aahar prathaon koo poorak banaaya jaataa thaa. shishu bhojan kaa aavishkaar" key lekhak, ammy bentley kaa tark haye kii atyadhik upayog kiye gaye shishu khaadya mein cheeni, namak aur msg key atyadhik yojak baad mein jeevan mein prasanskrit khaadya padarthon koo pasand karate hain. yeh bhee maanaa jaataa haye kii shishuon koo pahale kii umr mein thhos khaadya padarthon key sampark mein aaney seey unhein baad mein jeevan mein khaadya padarthon kii aadat padane mein madad milati haye. baad mein namak aur cheeni key durupyog seey vajan aur poshan adharit beemariyon key muddon parr bhee assar padane kii ashanka thee.
chean aur anya purvi asiai deshon mein, ghar kaa banaa shishu bhojan aam haye, aur bachchon koo zifaan naamak chawal kii daliya parr shuru kiya jaataa haye, phir peese hue phal, naram sabjiyaan, tofu aur machhali kii or badh jaate hain.
sweeden mein, kele jaise bhune hue phal key saath-saath daliya aur bhune hue sabjiyon seey shuruat karna aam baat haye. 
paschimi africa mein, makke kii daliya aksar chhote bachchon koo diyaa jaane vaalaa pahala thhos bhojan hotaa haye.
ack shishu kaa pahala thhos bhojan kaa sevan aupchaarik hotaa haye aur kaee sanskritiyon mein iska dhaarmik mahatva hotaa haye. iska ack udaaharan annapraashan haye, ack hindu anushthaan jahaan shishu koo ack meethaa chawal kaa daliya khilaaya jaataa haye, jise aamtaur parr parivaar key ack badey sadasya dwara aashirvaad diyaa jaataa haye. bangal kshetra, viyatnam aur thyland sahit hindu deshon mein isi tarah key sanskaron kaa paalan kiya jaataa haye.
bajar.
zian bajar anusandhaan key anusaar, sanyukt raajya america mein shishu bhojan key liye bajar kaa aakar 2018 mein 53 arab dollar honey kaa anuman haye aur 2021 taka badhkar 76 arab dollar hoe jaayega.
sanyukt raajya america mein vaanijyik shishu bhojan mein jarbar kaa prabhutva haye, jisaki 1996 mein americi bajar mein lagbhag 70 pratishat hissedari thee. beachnut kaa bajar mein lagbhag 15 pratishat thaa, aur henz kaa lagbhag 10 pratishat thaa. heinzs earths best, javic shishu bhojan kaa sabse badaa brand, americi bajar mein lagbhag 2 pratishat hissedari rakhta thaa.
australia, kanada aur newzealand mein, henz kii 1996 mein bajar hissedari lagbhag 90 pratishat thee. henz britten, itali aur kaee purvi europeeya deshon mein bhee bajar mein agrani haye.
vivaad.
kuchh vyaavsaayik shishu khaadya padarthon kii unaki samagri aur laagat key liye aalochana kii gaee haye. dashakon seey, sandushan yaa kharaab honey kii chintaon key kaaran shishu khaadya padarthon koo kaee baar yaad kiya gayaa haye. 1984 aur 1986 mein, jarbar pargaman mein kaanch key shishu khaadya jaaron koo todane key ghotale mein shamil thaa, jisane isaki bikri aur laabhpradata koo naatakiya roop seey prabhaavit kiya, halanki americi khaadya aur dawa prashaasan ney baad mein nishkarsh nikala kii company kii koee galati naheen thee. 1987 mein, 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein, beachnut ney milawati seb kaa russ bechane key shulk koo hull karane key liye hamein 25 million dollar kaa bhugtan kiya. 2011 mein, nesley france ney ack graahak dwara kathit taur parr apane ack jaar mein kaanch key tukade paae jaane key baad ehatiyaati upaay key roop mein "pitt pott" bebi food key ack batch koo vaapas bulaane kaa faisala kiya. ghatana key dayare kii jaanch ney company koo yeh nishkarsh nikaalane key liye prerit kiya kii yeh ack alag ghatana thee aur baaki batch prabhaavit naheen huaa thaa.

