
aayan-gatishilata spectrometry-dravyamaan spectrometry

aayan gatishilata varnak-dravyamaan varnak-maapan (aaee. aim. aiss.-aim. aiss.) ack vishleshanatmak rasayan vigyaan vidhi haye joe gais charan ayanon koo ack takkar gais aur unake dravyamaan key saath unaki baatchit key aadhar parr alag karati haye. pahale charan mein, ayanon koo ack aayan gatishilata spectrometer kaa upayog karke ack millisecond samay-seema parr ack buffer gais key madhyam seey unaki gatishilata key anusaar alag kiya jaataa haye. alag kiye gaye ayanon koo phir dusare charan mein ack dravyamaan vishleshak mein pesh kiya jaataa haye jahan unake dravyamaan-seey-avesh anupaat koo ack sookshm sekand samay-seema parr nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakata haye. iss vidhi key saath praapt vishleshanon kaa prabhaavi prithakkaran ise proteomics aur chayapachaya jaise jatil namoonon key vishleshan mein vyaapak roop seey lagu kartaa haye.
itihas.
earl doubleu. mcdanial koo aayan gatishilata dravyamaan spectrometry kaa janak kahaa gayaa haye. 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein, unhone ack kshetra dravyamaan spectrometer key liye ack cumm kshetra aayan gatishilata drift cell koo jodaa.
1963 mein bell labs mein time-off-flight maas spectrometry aur aayan mobility spectrometry key sanyojan kaa beedaa uthaaya gayaa thaa. 1963 mein mcfee aur addleson ney ack aaee. aim. aiss-too. aff. sanyojan prakaashit kiya. 1967 mein mcnite, mcfee aur sippler ney ack aaee. aim. aiss-too. aff. sanyojan prakaashit kiya. unake vaadya mein ack orthogonal toff shamil thaa. 1969 mein kohain aur anya. aaee. aim. aiss.-kyu. aim. aiss. pranali parr ack patent daayar kiya. usa samay kyu. aim. aiss. mein tii. oh. aff. aim. aiss. kii tulanaa mein sudhaar huaa thaa, kyonki tii. oh. aff. aim. aiss. mein usa samay electronic detta adhigrahan pranali dheemi thee. 1970 mein, yuva, addleson aur falkner ney orthogonal nishkarshan key saath ack aaee. aim. aiss-too. aff. prakaashit kiya. aisaa lagata haye kii unhone mcnite aur anya key roop mein ack hii pranali kaa upayog kiya haye. 1967 mein, mamuli sanshodhanon koo shamil kiya gayaa. unake kaam koo baad mein rajmistri/mcdanial kii aitihaasik pustak mein punah prastut kiya gayaa thaa, jise kalaa mein kushal logon dwara "ims kii bible" key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye.
1996 mein gweremont aur anya. aeye. aiss. aim. aiss. sammelan mein aaee. aim. aiss.-toff key baare mein ack poster prastut kiya gayaa. 1997 mein charmkaar ney akshiya kshetron key saath ack quadrupol kaa patent karaaya jiska upayog aaee. aim. aiss. prithakkaran key liye ack drift cell key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. unhone ack orthogonal tofm key saath inn quadrupol key sanyojan kaa bhee ullekh kiya haye. 1998 mein clemer ney ack saha-akshiya aaee. aim. aiss.-too. aff. setup kaa upayog karke ack aaee. aim. aiss.-too. aff. sanyojan vikasit kiya. 1999 mein clemer ney ack orthogonal toff pranali key saath ack ims-toff vikasit kiya. iss kaam ney britten mein micromas dwara ack aayan gatishilata-quadrupol-sid-toffoms upkaran key vikas kaa netritva kiya aur antatah micromas/jall nigam koo 2006 mein duniya key pahale vaanijyik aayan gatishilata-dravyamaan spectrometer upkaran kaa vikas karane key liye prerit kiya. jaisa kii ise kahaa jaataa haye, synapt mein ack poorv aayan gatishilata quadrupol shamil haye joe aayan-dravyamaan spectrometry sanyojan key lachilepan koo aur badhaane seey pahale poorvavarti aayan chayan koo shamil kartaa haye. 2013 mein, furtili praudyogikiyon ney 80 semi drift tube key saath 6560 naamak pahala vaanijyik drift tube aayan mobility-maas spectrometer jaari kiya. aayan sancharan dakshata mein sudhaar key liye aayan funnel kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. iss prakaar design ney aayan gatishilata kii samvedansheelta mein bahut sudhaar kiya aur vyaavsaayikaran kii anumati dee.
aaee. aim. aiss.-aim. aiss. kii bhinnata vibhedak aayan gatishilata spectrometry-maas spectrometry (dee. aim. aiss.) haye, jisamen gais charan ayanon koo vidyut kshetron kii vibhinn shaktiyon mein unaki aayan gatishilata key aadhar parr alag kiya jaataa haye. iss vishleshanatmak vidhi koo vartamaan mein gairi glish aur glish samooh dwara unnat kiya jaa rhaa haye.
vaadyayantra.
ims-ms ack aayan gatishilata spectrometer aur ack dravyamaan spectrometer kaa sanyojan haye, jaisa kii professor clair ee dwara charcha kii gaee haye. haal hii mein ack sameeksha mein ires aur sahakarmi.
namuna parichay aur aayaneekaran.
upkaran kaa pahala charan ack aayan srot haye jahan namoonon koo gais charan ayanon mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye. paaramparik roop seey dravyamaan varnakramiya key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale kaee aayaneekaran vidhiyon koo vishleshan kii bhautik sthiti key aadhar parr aaee. aim. aim. aiss. key liye niyojit kiya gayaa haye. gais charan key namoone aamtaur parr radiodharmi ayanan, corona nirvahan ayanan aur photoyankaran takneekon key saath aayanit hotey hain. vilayan mein aayaneekaran namoonon key liye electrospre aayaneekaran ack samanya vidhi haye. thhos-charan vishleshanon koo badey dravyamaan anuon key liye matricks-sahaayata praapt lazer desorption ayanan (maldi) key saath aayanit kiya jaataa haye yaa chhote dravyamaan vaale anuon key liye lazer desorption ayanan (ell. dee. aaee.).
aayan gatishilata prithakkaran.
vibhinn prakaar key aayan gatishilata spectrometer hain aur vibhinn prakaar key dravyamaan spectrometer hain. siddhant roop mein poorv key harr prakaar koo baad vaale key kissy bhee prakaar key saath jodana sambhav haye. haalaanki, vaastavik duniya mein, uchit samvedansheelta praapt karane key liye vibhinn prakaar key aayan gatishilata koo vibhinn prakaar key dravyamaan spectrometer key saath jodaa jaataa haye. aayan gatishilata spectrometer key mukhya prakaar jinhen aaee. aim. aim. aiss. anuprayogon key liye dravyamaan spectrometer key saath jodaa gayaa haye, neeche charcha kii gaee haye.
drift tube aayan mobility spectrometry (dee. tii. aaee. aim.).
dee. tii. aaee. aim. mein, ayanon koo ack nully key madhyam seey bahaaya jaataa haye jisaki lambai vidyut kshetra pravanata key roop mein upayog karke 5 semi seey 300 semi taka bhinn hoe sakati haye. chhote aayan badey takraav cross section vaale ayanon kii tulanaa mein drift tube key madhyam seey teji seey yatra karate hain. iss prakaar, ayanon koo tube key madhyam seey unake pravaah samay key aadhar parr alag kiya jaataa haye. drift tube aayan gatishilata aar. aff. voltage koo niyojit naheen karati haye joe ayanon koo germ curr sakata haye, aur yeh ayanon kii sanrachana koo sanrakshit curr sakata haye. ghoornan ausat takkar cross section (see. see. aiss.) joe ayanon key aakar koo pratibimbit karane vaale ayanon kaa ack bhautik guna haye, koo drift tube aayan gatishilata parr sateek roop seey maapa jaa sakata haye. samadhan shakti uchch haye (see. see. resolution 100 seey adhik hoe sakata haye). sanrachana vishleshan key liye drift tube aayan gatishilata kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye. yeh aamtaur parr time-off-flight (tof) maas spectrometer key saath jodaa jaataa haye.
vibhedak gatishilata varnakramiya (dee. aim. aiss.).
feeled asymmetric-waveform aayan mobility spectrometry (fames) yaa aar. aff.-dc aayan mobility spectrometry key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack aisee takneek haye jisamen ayanon koo radio aavritti (aar. aff.) parr ack uchch-voltage asymmetric tarang key anuprayog dwara alag kiya jaataa haye, joe dou electrode key beach lagu ack sthir (dee. see.) tarang key saath sanyukt hotaa haye. aayan kii uchch-kshetra aur nimn-kshetra gatishilata key anupaat key aadhar parr, yeh ack yaa dusare electrode kii or sthanantarit hoga. kewal vishisht gatishilata vaale aayan hii upkaran seey gujarenge. yeh sarvavidit haye kii uchch aar. aff. kshetra ayanon key sanrachana koo vikrit kartaa haye, iss prakaar ayanon kii sanrachana koo aarakshit kiye binaa ack prithakkaran takneek haye aur ayanon key see. see. aiss. aiss. koo maapa naheen jaa sakata haye. kyonki faim ack dravyamaan chayankarta haye (anya ayanon koo baahar rakhaa gayaa haye), scan mode mein samvedansheelta drift tube aayan gatishilata kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm haye (sabhi ayanon kaa vishleshan kiya jaataa haye). isaliye, fams koo aamtaur parr triple quadrapole maas spectrometer key saath jodaa jaataa haye joe aayan chayan prakaar kaa upkaran bhee haye.
yatra tarang aayan gatishilata spectrometry (twims).
dohare mein, ayanon koo gais seey bharee koshika mein ack yatra tarang key madhyam seey unaki gatishilata key anusaar alag kiya jaataa haye. radio-aavritti (aar. aff.) aur pratyaksh dhaara (dee. see.) voltage donon koo ayanon koo seemit karane aur ack yatra tarang banaane key liye ack dher kiye gaye ring aayan guide (shriig) naamak ring electrode kii ack shrinkhala parr lagu kiya jaataa haye. yatra tarang kii gati aur parimaan key aadhar parr, ayanon koo alag kiya jaa sakata haye. gais anuon key saath cumm takraav key kaaran chhote ayanon kii lahar key madhyam seey adhik gatishilata hoti haye aur cumm gatishilata (badey aayan) key ayanon kii tulanaa mein teji seey koshika seey baahar nikalate hain. dee. tii. aaee. aim. key samaan, ayanon key see. see. aiss. moolyon kii ganana gyaat manakon key saath praapt anshankan kaa upayog karke twims key saath kii jaa sakati haye. twim-aim. aiss. upkaran kaa ack vyaavsaayik udaaharan jall nigam synapt jee2-aiss upkaran haye.
saamoohik prithakkaran.
paaramparik aaee. aim.-aim. aiss. upkaran ack aaee. aim. aiss. key liye samay-udaan (tii. oh. aff.) dravyamaan spectrometer kaa upayog kartaa haye. tof-ms key kaee faayade hain jinamen detta adhigrahan kii uchch gati aur achchi samvedansheelta shamil haye. choonki dravyamaan varnakramiya detta koo microsecond samay paimaane parr praapt kiya jaataa haye, isaliye pratyek aaee. aim. aiss. spectrum (millisecond samay-seema parr praapt) key liye kaee dravyamaan varnakramiya ekatra kiye jaate hain. quadrupol maas spectrometer koo bhee ack aaee. aim. aiss. key saath jodaa gayaa haye, halanki dheemi scan darr parr. aayan trap, fourier transform aayan cyclotron anunaad (aff. tii.-aaee. see. aar.), yaa chumbakiya kshetra dravyamaan spectrometer sahit anya dravyamaan spectrometer koo bhee vibhinn anuprayogon key liye alag-alag aaee. aim. aiss. key saath jodaa gayaa haye. isake atirikt, sankar dravyamaan spectrometer koo ack seey adhik aayan gatishilata koshika key saath jodd diyaa gayaa haye taaki ack saath yaa aaee. aim. aiss. aine.-aim. aiss. aim. anuprayogon key liye.
anuprayog.
aaee. aim.-aim. aiss. takneek kaa upayog vidyut kshetra mein vibhinn gatishiltaon key aadhar parr jatil mishranon kaa vishleshan karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. gais charan aayan sanrachana kaa adhyayan see. see. key maap key madhyam seey aaee. aim.-aim. aiss. kaa upayog karke kiya jaa sakata haye aur aanvik modeling seey ganana kiye gaye maanak namoonon yaa see. see. key see. see. key saath tulanaa kii jaa sakati haye. sanket-seey-shore anupaat mein spasht roop seey sudhaar huaa haye kyonki shore koo bhautik roop seey aaee. aim. aim. aiss. mein sanket key saath alag kiya jaa sakata haye. isake alawa, isomers koo alag kiya jaa sakata haye yadi unaki aakritiyaan alag hain. aaee. aim.-aim. aiss. kii charam kshamata aim. aiss. seey bahut badee haye isaliye adhik yaugikon koo paaya aur unakaa vishleshan kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh charitra-omics adhyayan key liye bahut mahatvapurna haye jisake liye ack hii daud mein adhik seey adhik yaugikon kaa vishleshan karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. iska upayog rasayanik yuddh agents kaa pataa lagaane, visfotakon kaa pataa lagaane, protein, peptides, dawa jaise anuon aur naino kanon key vishleshan key liye proteomics mein kiya gayaa haye. isake alawa, aaee. aim.-aim. aiss. kaa upayog samasthaanik pratikriya madhyavarti kii nigrani karane aur unake gativigyaan kii jaanch karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. haal hii mein, dravyamaan vishleshan seey pahale millisecond mein ayanon koo teji seey alag karane key liye microscale faim koo electrospre aayaneekaran ms aur taral chromatography ms key saath ekikrit kiya gayaa haye. electrospre aayaneekaran ms aur taral chromatography ms mein microscale faim kaa upayog proteomics aur pharmaceutical vishleshan sahit anuprayogon kii ack shrinkhala key liye shikhar kshamata aur sanket-seey-shore mein kaafee sudhaar curr sakata haye.
haal hii mein, jatil sanrachanaon mein naee antardrishti praapt karane key liye gais charan aayan sakriyan vidhiyon kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye. takraav prerit unfolding (see. aaee. yuu.) ack aisee takneek haye jisamen aaee. aim. aim. aiss. vishleshan seey pahale ack buffer gais key saath takraav key madhyam seey ack aayan kii aantarik oorjaa mein vriddhi kii jaati haye. aayan kaa prakat honah badey see. see. aiss. aiss. key madhyam seey dekhaa jaataa haye, aur jiss oorjaa parr prakat hotaa haye vaha aayan key bheetar gair-sahsanyojak antahkriyaon key saath aanshik roop seey mell khaati haye. iss takneek kaa upayog polyubiquitin linkage aur akshunna antibody koo alag karane key liye kiya gayaa haye.