pavitra gathbandhan

pavitra gathbandhan (;, "swajashenij sojuz"; jise bhavya gathbandhan bhee kahaa jaataa haye) austriya, prussia aur roose kii rajtantravadi mahaan shaktiyon koo jodane vaalaa ack gathbandhan thaa, jise roose key samrat (zaar) alekjendar I key kahane parr napolean kii antim haar key baad banaaya gayaa thaa aur 26 sitambar 1815 koo peris mein hastakshar kiye gaye they. gathbandhan kaa uddeshya vinashkari francisi krantikari yuddhon aur napolean yuddhon key maddenajar europe mein udaarvaad aur dharmnirpekshata koo rokna thaa; yeh nammatra key roop mein aparaadh yuddh taka isamen safal rhaa. 1871 mein germany key ekikaran key baad chansler otto wonn bismark pavitra gathbandhan koo phir seey ekjut karane mein kamyab rahey, lekin ottoman samrajya key vighatan parr austriyai aur russie hiton key sanghrshon koo laker 1880 key dashak mein gathbandhan phir seey ladkhada gayaa.
sthaapana.
jahir haye, europeeya raajneetik jeevan mein raajaon aur isai moolyon key divya adhikaar koo sthaapit karane key liye gathbandhan kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii alekjendar I ney apane aadhyatmik salaahkaar baronas barbara wonn crudener key prabhaav mein kiya thaa. yeh zaar dwara likhaa gayaa thaa aur eonis capodistrious aur alekzandru sturdza dwara sampaadit kiya gayaa thaa. sandhi key tahat europeeya shaasak isai samudaay kii "shaakhaon" key roop mein shasson karane aur aapsi seva pradaan karane key liye sahmat honge. pahale masaude mein zaar alekjendar ney ack prastaavit ekikrit isai samrajya key madhyam seey rahasyavaad kii appeal kii jise anya rajshahi dwara pareshan karane key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. sanshodhan key baad, gathbandhan kaa ack adhik vyaavhaarik sanskaran roose, roose aur austriya dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa. dastaavez koo francisi rajanyik dominic-george-fredrick dufour dee praad dwara "kootneeti kaa sarvanash" kahaa gayaa thaa. 
yeh samjhauta pahale gupt thaa, aur udaarvaadi logon dwara avishvaas kiya gayaa thaa, halanki 1848 kii kraantiyon taka iss raajneetik sanskriti mein udaarvaad koo prabhaavi roop seey niyantrit kiya gayaa thaa. 
vienna kii congress key antim kaary key lagbhag teen maheene baad, catholic (austriya), protestant (prussia) aur roodhivaadi (roose) key raajaon ney sweekaarokti mein "maanav sansthanon koo majboot karane aur unaki khamiyon koo door karane" key liye aantarik aur videshi mamalon mein "nyaay, prem aur shaanti" key aadhar parr kaary karane kaa vaadaa kiya.
gathbandhan koo sanyukt raajya dwara jaldi hii khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa (halanki george IV ney hanovar key raajaa key roop mein apani kshamata mein sahamati ghoshit kii thee), pope raajyon aur ottoman samrajya. british videsh sachiv lord kastleregh ney ise "udaatt rahasyavaad aur murkhtapurna" kahaa. phir bhee, britten ney europe key sangeet karyakram mein bhaag liya.
sangathan.
vyavhaar mein, austriyai raajya key kuladhipati aur videsh mantri, rajkumar clemens wonn meternich ney ise loktantra, kranti aur dharmnirpekshata key khilaf ack gadh banaa diyaa. isane galicia aur laudcomeria key raajya mein austriya dwara, apane congress polland mein roose dwara aur possen key grand duchy mein aur paschim prussia mein prussia dwara ack swatantra raajya koo bahaal karane key liye polish prayason key daman key samanvaya kii bhee anumati dee. gathbandhan mein samraton ney iska upayog apane swayam key rashtron mein pravesh karane seey krantikari prabhaav (vishesh roop seey francisi kranti seey) koo dabaane key liye kiya. 
yeh gathbandhan aamtaur parr baad key chaar aur chaar gathbandhanon seey judaa hotaa haye, jisamen united kingdam aur (1818 seey) france shamil they, jiska uddeshya europeeya shaanti samjhaute aur europe key sangeet karyakram mein shakti key santulan koo banaae rakhna thaa. 29 sitambar 1818 koo alekjendar, austriya key samrat francis I aur prussia key raajaa fredrick villium III ney vishvavidyalaya key "demagog" key khilaf sakht upaayon kii maang karane key liye aiks-laa-chappel kii congress mein duke off wellington, viscont castleregh aur duke dee richeliu seey mulakat kii, joe agale varsh key carlsbad farmaanon mein mahsoos kiya jaayega. 1820 mein tropaau kii congress aur 1821 mein laibach kii baad kii congress mein, meternich ney dou sisili key raajaa ferdinand pratham key khilaf carbonary vidroh key daman mein apane sahyogiyon koo sanrekhit karane kii koshish kii. quintuple gathbandhan pichhali baar 1822 mein verona kii congress mein yunani kranti key khilaf salah dene aur spen parr francisi aakraman parr sankalp lene key liye milaa thaa.
pichhali baithakon mein britten aur france key beach badhati dushmani kaa khulasa huaa thaa, vishesh roop seey italvi ekikaran, atmanirnaya key adhikaar aur purvi prashn parr. 1825 mein alekjendar kii mrityu key saath gathbandhan koo paaramparik roop seey nishkriya curr diyaa gayaa thaa. france antatah 1830 kii julaai kranti key baad apana alag raasta banaa liya, austriya, roose aur roose key mool koo ack madhya-purvi europeeya block key roop mein chhod diyaa, joe ack baar phir 1848 kii kraantiyon koo dabaane key liye ikattha huaa. austriya-russie gathbandhan antatah aparaadh yuddh mein toot gayaa. haalaanki roose ney 1848 kii hangerian kranti koo dabaane mein madad kii thee, austriya ney apane sahayogi kaa samarthan karane key liye koee kaarravaai naheen kii, khud koo tatasth ghoshit kiya, aur 1854 mein russie peechhe hatane parr denube parr walchian aur moldavian bhoomi parr bhee kabja curr liya. isake baad, austriya alag-thalag reh gayaa, jisase german raajyon mein usaki pramukh bhoomika kaa nuksan huaa, jisaki parinati 1866 mein austriya-russie yuddh key dauran usaki haar mein hui.

