
ranier scoman (raajneetigya)

ranier stephenus scoman (janm 10 octuber 1944) ack dakshin african rajneta, vyavasaayi aur poorv sivil sevak hain jinhone 1985 seey 2004 taka sansad mein rashtriya party (aine. pee.) aur naee rashtriya party (aine. pee.) kaa pratinidhitva kiya. way 1999 seey party key nidhan taka kwazulu-natal mein aine. aine. pee. key praantiya netaa they. 
scoman ney 1994 seey 1996 taka rangbhed key baad kii sarkaar mein shiksha key upa mantri key roop mein aur 2002 seey 2004 taka swaasthya key upa mantri key roop mein kaary kiya. 2004 key aam chunaav mein phir seey chunaav jeetane mein whiffle rahane key baad, unhone pragatisheel vyaapaar munch kii sthaapana kii aur netritva kiya, joe african rashtriya congress (aeye. aine. see.) key liye ack corporate fund-rising vaahan thaa. 2019 mein, unhein saanskritik, dhaarmik aur bhashai samudaayon key adhikaaron key samvardhan aur sanrakshan key liye ack aayukt key roop mein paanch saal key karyakal key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
praarambhik jeevan aur currier.
scoman kaa janm 10 octuber 1944 koo poorv janm praant key durban mein huaa thaa. unhone natal vishvavidyalaya mein rajneeti vigyaan mein snaatak kii padhaai poori kii aur 1963 mein sivil seva mein shamil hue. unhone 1981 mein rajneeti mein pravesh kiya aur 1985 seey rangbhed yug key sadan mein aine. pee. kaa pratinidhitva kiya.
rangbhed key baad kaa raajneetik jeevan.
mandela presidencyh 1994-1999.
1994 mein dakshin africa key rangbhed key baad key pahale chunaavon mein, scoman koo naee rashtriya sabhaa mein aine. pee. kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. unhein nelson mandela kii rashtriya ekataa kii bahudaliya sarkaar mein shiksha upa mantri key roop mein bhee niyukt kiya gayaa thaa; unhone sibusiso bengu koo pratiniyukt kiya. 1994 key anta mein, unhone press koo bataaya kii "bahut seey logon koo joe yahaan [sansad] key aspas they, unhein cheejon kii ack naee shally key saath samaayojit karna padaa", lekin kahaa, "yeh jaanana vaastav mein ack pyaara ehsas rhaa haye kii main ack sansad mein huun joe vaastav mein sabhi kaa pratinidhitva karati haye."
maee 1996 mein, aine. pee. ney ghoshana kii kii usake sadasya 30 juuna koo ekataa sarkaar seey hutt jaayenge, aur scoman ney sansad key ack sadharan sadasya key roop mein shesh vidhaayi karyakal kii seva kii. 
mbk presidencyh 1999-2004.
1999 key aam chunaav mein squazulu-natal nirvaachan kshetra mein nnp (punah shuru kiye gaye np) kaa pratinidhitva karate hue, scoman koo unaki seat key liye phir seey chunaa gayaa thaa. chunaav key turant baad, navambar 1999 mein, unhein nnp kii kwazulu-natal shakha key praantiya netaa key roop mein denny shoot key uttaradhikari key roop mein chunaa gayaa.
scoman nnp key rashtriya karyakari nideshak bhee they, jisamen way nnp aur loktaantrik party (dp) key beach saajhedaari parr baatchit karane mein ack pramukh vyakti they, jisake parinamswarup ack bahudaliya vipakshi gathbandhan, loktaantrik gathbandhan (daa) kaa gathan huaa. haalaanki, gathbandhan mein nnp kii bhagidari alpakaalik thee, aur shoman parr khud parr manhani kaa mukadama daayar kiya gayaa thaa, jaba unhone aur unake dipty, daryl swanpoel ney ack bayaan prakaashit kiya jisamen daa netaa tonny leone koo "raajneetik dhokhebaaz" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa; yeh vivaad aprail 2003 taka samaapt naheen huaa thaa, jaba scoman aur swanpoel ney bayaan key liye peechhe hutt gaye aur maafi maangi.
daa seey nnp kii vaapsee key baad, scoman, joe abhee bhee nnp karyakari nideshak key roop mein hain, ack sahyog samjhaute parr shaasi anc key saath baatchit mein ack pramukh vyakti bunn gaye. samjhaute koo antim roop diye jaane key baad, disambar 2001 key anta mein, rashtrapati thabo mabeki ney scoman koo swaasthya upa mantri key roop mein niyukt kiya; unhone pada sambhaalane key liye nnp karyakari nideshak key roop mein istifa dey diyaa.
2004 mein agale aam chunaav mein, scoman rashtriya vidhansabha key liye phir seey chunaav key liye khade hue, lekin aine. aine. pee. dwara bahut kharaab pradarshan key kaaran, sansad mein apane 19 saal key karyakal koo samaapt karate hue, ack seat hassil naheen curr sakey. usa varsh navambar mein, unhein aine. aine. pee. praantiya netaa key roop mein phir seey chunaa gayaa aur apane sweekriti bhaashan mein, unhone aine. aine. pee. sadasyon seey aeye. aine. see. key saath sahyog karane key liye khule rahane kaa aagrah kiya.
baad mein currier.
2005 mein aine. aine. pee. dwara khud koo bhang karane key liye matdan karane key baad, scoman aeye. aine. see. mein shamil hoe gaye. 2007 kii shuruat taka, vaha aeye. aine. see. key liye corporate fund-rising key pramukh they, jisamen way aur unake poorv dipty, daryl swanpoel, pragatisheel vyaapaar munch key sansthaapak aur saha-sanyojak bunn gaye. scoman kii nishtha mein badalaav parr, richard colland ney kahaa, "puraane shasson key kharaab manakon ney nae pratishthaan mein ghuspaith kii haye. kuchh gambhir kabr-kataai chala rahee hogi "; jabaki vishleshak susan buysen ney scoman aur swanpoel koo" dye-haard nats [aine. pee. samarthak] "key roop mein varnit kiya... joe antatah siddhant seey baahar naheen balki raajneetik shakti key dayare mein ack chhote seey sthaan key liye hatasha seey shamil hoe gayaa.
juuna 2019 mein, rashtrapati siril ramphosa ney saanskritik, dhaarmik aur bhashai samudaayon key adhikaaron key prachaar aur sanrakshan key liye aayog key sadasya key roop mein paanch saal key karyakal key liye scoman koo niyukt kiya.