
willard motali

willard francis motali (14 julaai, 1909-4 march, 1965) ack americi lekhak they. kishoravastha mein, motale ney african-americi unmukh "shikago defender" samachar patra mein kalam-naam budd billican key tahat ack collum prakaashit kiya. unhone ack swatantra lekhak key roop mein kaam kiya, aur baad mein "hull house patrika" kii sthaapana aur prakaashan kiya aur sanghiya lekhak pariyojana mein kaam kiya. motale kaa pahala aur sabse prasiddh upanyaas "kissy bhee darwaaje parr dastak" thaa, jise isi naam kii film (1947) mein banaaya gayaa thaa.
praarambhik jeevan aur currier.
motale kaa janm aur paalan-poshan inglewood pados, dakshin kii or, shikago mein huaa thaa, usa samay usa pados mein rahane vaale kuchh african-americi parivaaron mein seey ack mein. parivaar catholic thaa. unake daadaa, archibald motali aiss. aar. vaha ack pullman kulee thaa jisane usey ack bete key roop mein paalaa. unaki daadi mairi ("maaee") ack grihini theen. motali ney luis-champlain vyaakaran vidyalaya aur inglewood uchch vidyalaya seey snaatak kiya. vaha aur prasiddh kalakar archibald motali junier. unakaa paalan-poshan bhaaiyon key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, halanki archibald vaastav mein willard key chaacha they; willard kii maan, florence (jinhen "flossy" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) unake janm key baad newyork shahar mein chully gaeen aur unhein apane maataa-pitaa dwara paalaa jaane key liye chhod diyaa. 
jaba vaha 13 varsh key they, taba willard koo robbert aiss dwara kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. budd kahate hain" naamak bachchon kaa collum likhane key liye abot, "budd biliken" chhadm naam key tahat, "shikago defender" key liye.
willard ney newyork, california aur paschimi raajyon kii yatra kii, vibhinn mamuli naukariyon key saath-saath radio aur samachar patron key liye lekhan karke aajeevika arjit kii. iss avadhi key dauran, unhone cheyen, vyoming mein bhatakane key liye jail kii sajaa kaat lii. 1939 mein shikago lautate hue, vaha maxwell street market key paas rahate they, joe unake baad key lekhan mein pramukhta seey dikhaai detaa thaa. vaha patwar ghar seey judey hue they, aur "patwar ghar patrika" khojane mein madad kii, jisamen unaki kuchh kathaaen dikhaai deen. 1940 mein unhone richard raait aur nelson algren key saath milkar sanghiya lekhak pariyojana kii pragati key liye likhaa.
1947 mein, unakaa pahala upanyaas, "kissy bhee darwaaje parr dastak", aalochanatmak prashansa key liye dikhaai diyaa. yeh ack italvi-americi vedi ladke nick romano key jeevan seey sambandhit haye, joe garibi aur apravasi anubhav kii kathinaaiyon key kaaran aparaadh kii or mudataa haye; yeh romano haye joe prasiddh vakyansh kahata haih "teji seey geo, yuva marr jaao aur ack sunder laash hoe!"yeh ack tatkaal hitt thee, print mein apane pahale teen hafton key dauran 47,000 pratiyaan bikin. 1949 mein, ise humphrey bogart abhineet ack film mein banaaya gayaa thaa. una alochakon key jawab mein jinhone motale parr safed paatron key baare mein likhakar nasl key muddon seey bachane kaa aarop lagaaya, motale ney kahaah "merrie jaati maanav jaati haye."
unakaa doosara upanyaas, "vee fish aul night" (1948), safal naheen huaa aur isake baad vaha phir seey shuru karane key liye maxico chalaa gayaa. unakaa teesara upanyaas, "koee bhee vyakti meraa upakhyan naa likhe", "kissy bhee darwaaje parr dastak dene kii kahani koo uthaata haye."columbia pictures ney ise 1960 mein ack film mein banaaya. film key liye elaa fitzgerald kaa sangeet album" "elaa fitzgerald" "key soundtrack seey geet gaataa haye" "lait noo maine raait maaee epitoff" ".
aalochana.
shikago literature holl off fame awards key liye uddharan bayaan key anusaar, "motale kii unake jeevan mein ack ashwet vyakti honey key kaaran aalochana kii gaee thee joe safed paatron key baare mein likh rhaa thaa, ack madhyam varg kaa vyakti joe nichale varg key baare mein likh rhaa thaa, aur vishamalaingik ichchhaon key baare mein ack bund samlaingik lekhan. lekin joe loga unake kaam key prati adhik dayalu they, aur vahaan bahut kuchh thaa, unake dhairya aur dill kii prashansa kii...shikago apane nasleeya yaa yaun tanaavon seey adhik jatil thaa, aur ack lekhak key roop mein unakaa anveshan vyaapak thaa..."motale koo 2014 mein holl off fame mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
mrityu aur viraasat.
4 march, 1965 koo mexico key mexico shahar mein aanton key gangreen seey motali kii mrityu hoe gaee. kuchh sroton kaa kahana haye kii vaha 52 varsh key they, 14 julaai, 1912 koo apani janm tithi dete hue; haalaanki, vivian jee. shikago saarvajanik pustakalaya mein african-americi itihas aur saahitya key kathor shodh sangrah, jisamen unake shodh patron kaa chayan kiya gayaa haye, unaki janm tithi 14 julaai, 1909 koo nott kartaa haye. unaki mrityu key baad, unake dattak putra, sergio lopage ney kahaa, "unhone uchit chikitsa upchaar praapt karane seey pahale iss bimari koo bahut lambe samay taka jaane diyaa."unhone yeh bhee kahaa kii motali ack upanyaas parr kaam curr rahey they jiska sheershak thaa" meraa ghar aapka ghar haye."1966 mein maranoparant prakaashit unakaa antim upanyaas" "lait dunn bee fair" "thaa. 
1929 key baad seey, shikago ney agast key dusare shaniwar koo ack vaarshik budd billican pared aur picnic (joe "shikago defender" mein unake shuruati currier key dauran unake upnaam key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa) aayojit kiya haye. pared shahar key kansya-ghaat, grand bulleward aur dakshin kii or washington park key pados seey hocker gujarati haye. motale key sangrah kaa badaa hissa vishvavidyalaya key pustakalayon, durlabh pustakon aur vishesh sangrhon mein uttari ilinois vishvavidyalaya mein aayojit kiya jaataa haye.