
jacopone daa todi

jacopone daa todi, oh.aff.aim. (see. aeye.. 1230-25 disambar 1306) ambriya seey ack italvi franciscan friar thaa. unhone sthaaniya bhasha mein kaee (bhagwan kii stuti mein geet) likhe. way italvi rangmanch key praarambhik agradoot they, joe sabse pahale vidvaanon mein seey ack they jinhone susamachar vishayon koo naatakiya roop diyaa thaa.
jeevan.
jacopo dei benedetti key roop mein janme, way ack chhote kuleen parivaar key sadasya they. unhone bologna mein kaanoon kaa adhyayan kiya aur ack safal vakeel bunn gaye. apane 20 key dashak key anta mein, unhone ack yuva kuleen mahila, vanna dee bernardino dee gaidon seey shaadi kii, joe kuchh khaaton key anusaar, ack pavitra aur udaar mahila thee. ack saansaarik aur lalchi vyakti key roop mein usaki pratishtha key kaaran, usane apane vyavhaar key liye praayashchit mein apane shareer koo maarnaa apane oopar leey liya.
unaki shaadi key kuchh hii samay baad, benedetti ney apani patni seey ack saarvajanik pratiyogita mein bhaag lene kaa aagrah kiya. drishya key dauran, vaha taba maar dee gaee jaba vaha usa stand kaa hissa jisamen vaha baithi thee, usey raasta dey diyaa gayaa. usake buggle mein bhaagate hue, usey pataa chalaa kii usane ack hairshirt pahani hui thee. unaki patni kii mrityu key sadame aur unake gupt tapasya key sakshya ney una parr aisaa prabhaav daala kii unhone apana pesha chhod diyaa aur ack franciscan tritiyak bunn gaye. 
benedetti ney apana kanuni abhyaas chhod diyaa, apani sabhi sampattiyon koo tyag diyaa aur lagbhag 1268 seey sent key teesare crum mein shamil hotey hue ack bhatakate tapasvi key roop mein rahate they. fraansis. iss avadhi key dauran, unhone apane sanaki vyavhaar key kaaran ack pagal key roop mein pratishtha praapt kii, apani aadhyatmik drishti koo pradarshit karate hue, unhein jacopone kaa upnaam arjit kiya. iss vyavhaar key udaharanon mein todi key saarvajanik chauk mein dikhaai denaa, kaathi pahanana aur chaaron taraf rengna shamil thaa. ack anya avsar parr, vaha apane bhaai key ghar mein ack shaadi mein dikhaai diyaa, jisamen vaha sir seey pair taka pankh lagaa huaa thaa.
iss jeevan key lagbhag duss varshon key baad, benedetti ney nabalig bhikshuon key paas pravesh kii maang kii, lekin way unaki pratishtha key kaaran unhein sweekaar karane key liye anichhuk they. unhone jald hii duniya key ahankar parr ack sunder kavita likhi, jisake kaaran 1278 mein unhone iss crum mein pravesh kiya. unhone ack samanya bhaai key roop mein jeene kaa faisala kiya.
iss samay taka, franciscan crum mein dou vyaapak gutt paida hoe gaye they, ack adhik udaar, cumm rahasyamay drishtikon key saath aur ack adhik gambhir, poorna garibi aur praayashchit (jise "aadhyatmik" yaa "aniyamit" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) kaa prachaar karate hue. benedetti kaa maanana thaa kii peris vishvavidyalaya key saath bhikshuon kii bhagidari "humity" aur "symplicitas" kii avadhaaranaon koo kamjor karati haye. vaha baad vaale samooh key saath judaa huaa thaa aur 1294 mein unhone pope celestine vee koo anya bhikshuon seey alag rahane aur franciscan shasson koo isaki poornata mein paalan karane kii anumati maangane key liye ack pratiniyukti bheji. anurodh koo sweekaar curr liya gayaa thaa lekin kaarravaai kiye jaane seey pahale celestine ney pope pada seey istifa dey diyaa aur pope boniface VIII dwara uttaradhikari banaaya gayaa, jinhone adhik kathor vichaaron kaa virodh kiya. 
isake baad key sangharsh key dauran, benedetti ney apane virodhiyon kii atyadhik aalochana karane vaale chhand likhakar aadhyatmik karanon koo prachaarit kiya, jisamen pope bhee shamil they. jaba dou bhaai-cardinal, collon, aadhyatmik logon kaa paksh lete they aur pope boniface key khilaf france key raajaa kaa paksh lete they, aur benedetti ney kolonon koo apana samarthan diyaa, tou rajneeti aur yahaan taka kii yuddh bhee drishya mein pravesh curr gayaa. pope ney unhein bahishkrit curr diyaa. donon pratidvandi dalon key beach ack ladaai hui, joe 1298 mein palestrina kii gherabandi aur benedetti key karawas aur bahishkaar key saath samaapt hui. unhein 1303 mein boneface kii mrityu key baad riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey pope bail dwara 1300 key jayanti varsh seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
kharaab swaasthya mein, benedetti colluzone mein sevaanivritt kiya gayaa, joe perugia aur todi key beach ack pahaadi parr sthit ack chhota saa shahar thaa, jahan garib clairs key ack samudaay dwara unaki dekhbhal kii jaati thee. 1306 key anta mein unaki sthiti bigad gaee aur unhone apane puraane dost, laa verna key johnn seey anurodh kiya kii way unhein antim sanskar dene key liye aaen. johnn chrismus kii poorv sandhya parr pahunche aur unhein santvana dee, kyonki unaki mrityu aadhi raat key aspas hoe gaee.
benedetti kaa shareer mool roop seey mathh church mein dafnaya gayaa thaa. 1433 mein unaki kabr kii khoj kii gaee aur unake avasheshon koo todi mein saine lucueto key franciscan church mein ack gupt sthaan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa.
kavita.
benedetti kaa vyangyaatmak aur nindaatmak chitran uttari itali key yuddharat shahar-raajyon key ashant samay aur unake saath aae bhautik aur aadhyatmik sankat kaa gawah haye. yeye unaki mool ambrian bolly mein likhi gaee hain aur iss kshetra kii lokpriya kavita kaa pratinidhitva karati hain. kaee sandarbhon mein unaki kavitaon kii vyaapak lokpriyata koo kaee saikadon paandulipiyaan pramaanit karati hain-haalaanki parampara dwara aksar gumnam kavitaon koo unake liye jimmedaar thaharaaya jaataa haye. anya loga garibi key aadhyatmik moolya kii prashansa karate hain.
unaki kuchh prashansa vishesh roop seey tathaakathit loudacy aur dhwajavaahak key beach upayog mein thee, joe unhein shaharon mein, sadakon key kinare, unaki sangatataon mein aur pavitra naatakiya pratinidhitvon mein gaate they. peechhe hatkar, loud key upayog koo italvi naatak key praarambhik beej key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye joe baad kii shataabdiyon mein phalane-phoolane lagaa.
lattin kavita "stebet matter dolorosa" koo aam taur parr benedetti key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya jaataa haye, halanki yeh vivaadit rhaa haye. yeh franciscan parampara mein dhaarmik geet kaa ack achchha udaaharan haye. ise 1727 mein "dhanya kunwari mairi key saat dukhon key parv" key liye roman misal aur sankshipt mein daala gayaa thaa, joe good friede seey pahale shukravaar koo manaaya jaataa thaa. pope payas xii dwara kiye gaye parivartanon key baad, yeh abb 15 sitambar koo manaae jaane vaale "hamari mahila key dukhon key parv" parr dikhaai detaa haye. kaee sangeetkaron ney ise sangeet mein sthaapit kiya haye, jisamen joskin days prez, jiyovanni palestrina, alessandro scarlatti, domenico scarlatti, jiyovanni batista pergolesi, gioachino rosini, toivo kuula, antone dworek aur arno dohani shamil hain.
pooja.
unaki mrityu key samay seey, benedetti koo unake anuyaayiyon dwara franciscan adesh key bheetar aur baahar donon jagah ack sant maanaa jaataa thaa. vaha adesh key bheetar dhanya key roop mein sammaanit haye.
catholic church dwara unaki pavitrata koo maanyata dene key liye sadiyon seey kaee prayaas kiye gaye they. 17veen shatabdi mein, city council aur todi key cathedral chapter donon ney pavitra see koo aisaa karane key liye yachika daayar kii. 19veen shatabdi mein, sadhuon key karanon key liye paadari ney iss kadam key liye chhote-chhote dastavej ekatra kiye.
haalaanki, aaj taka, church ney kabhi bhee iss bhakti koo aupchaarik roop seey manjuri naheen dee haye. benidati aur pope boniface VIII key beach sangharsh iska ack sambhaavit kaaran hoe sakata haye.
viraasat.
benedetti bhrashtachar kii ninda karane mein dridh they, vishesh roop seey apani vyangyapurna italvi kavitaon key madhyam seey. benedetti tapasvi garibi kii aavashyakta parr apani sthiti koo naheen chhodenge, yeh maanate hue kii mukhyadhara kaa church bhrasht hoe gayaa thaa aur isake mantriyon koo garibon key kalyan mein koee dilchaspi naheen thee. yeh itali mein akaal aur garibi kaa samay thaa aur gioachino daa fior jaise kaee rahasyavadiyon aur pracharakon ney duniya key anta aur masih key aaney kaa anuman lagaaya thaa. unhone yeh bhee kahaa kii raajaa aur paadari bhautik vastuon seey bahut adhik judey hue they aur desh key kalyan key bajaay apane vyaktigat yuddhon mein bahut adhik ruchi rakhate they.
benedetti key prachaar ney kaee utsaahi logon koo aakarshit kiya aur daante ney apane pratimaan mein unaki prashansa kii.

