
sweeden mein rail parivahan kaa itihas

sweeden key railway key itihas mein raajya key swaamitva vaali aur niji railway donon shamil hain.
niji railway.
praarambhik varsh 1845-1914.
1845 mein swedish count adolph eugene wonn rosen koo sweeden mein railway banaane kii anumati millie. unhone copping aur hult (lake vanran mein ack chhota bandargah) key shahar key beach ack railway kaa nirmaan shuru kiya. copping-hult railway kaa uddeshya jheelon melren aur venern parr steamboats seey judanaa thaa, joe gothenberg aur stockholm key beach ack motoryukt connection detaa haye. wonn rosen kaa paisa british niveshakon seey aaya thaa. 1850 key dashak mein unakaa paisa khatm hoe gayaa aur 1854 mein sweeden kii sansad ney faisala kiya kii swedish trunk lines (stambnorna) kaa nirmaan aur sanchaalan raajya dwara kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
sweeden mein pahala puuraa kiya gayaa saarvajanik railway frickstadbannen thaa, joe warmland praant mein frickstad aur clara alves key beach thaa. isamen 1,188 mimi kaa track gaze thaa aur dhone key liye ghodon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. 1855 mein ise bhaap sanchaalan mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
shuruat seey hii bhaap injanon kaa upayog karane vaali sweeden kii pahali railway, narke mein nora-sarvalla-orebro railway thee, joe kii copping-hult railway kaa hissa thee, joe 5 march 1856 koo maanak gaze parr banaai gaee thee.
railway "bergslagbannon" gothenberg-falun-gawle, sabse lamba niji roop seey nirmit railway thaa, jise 1879 mein khola gayaa thaa. kaee niji railway companiyon ney stockholm aur upsala key beach stockholm -roslagence jarnvagar key network kii tarah sankeern gaze railway kaa nirmaan kiya aur halland mein falkenberg railway, joe donon swedish teen phut gaze kaa upayog karate they, lekin baaki duniya mein upayog naheen kiya jaataa thaa. kaee niji railway key sabse badey malik shahar they, isaliye way vaastav mein ardh-nagarpalika kii tarah they.
raajya key swaamitva vaali railway.
mukhya lines kaa bhawan 1855-1891.
sweeden ney kaee anya europeeya deshon kii tulanaa mein baad mein railway kaa nirmaan shuru kiya. sweeden ney laagat aur anya muddon key kaaran kaee varshon taka bhaari bahas key tahat sankoch kiya.
1854 mein sansad key nirnay key baad nausena yaantrik core key ack curnell, nills ericson koo mukhya lines (stambnorna) key nirmaan kii pariyojana key liye netaa key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa. unakaa prastaav thaa kii gothenberg aur stockholm (vastra stambanan) key beach kii rekha koo jheel malren key dakshin mein chalana chaahiye taaki shipping key saath pratispardha seey bachaa jaa sakey. yeh 1862 mein puuraa huaa thaa. unhone yeh bhee prastaav diyaa kii malmo aur stockholm (sodra stamabenan) key beach kii rekha koo nasjo aur phir falcoping jaanaa chaahiye, jahaan yeh vastra stambanan key saath mill jaayegi. ack nirnay thaa kii sainya karanon seey railway koo jitna sambhav hoe sakey taton seey bachana chaahiye.
falcoping key liye railway ack asthaayi samadhan thaa jaba taka kii nasjo aur catrinholm key beach östra stambanan, joe aage vastra stambanan key saath rakhaa gayaa thaa, kaa nirmaan kiya jaa sakata thaa. nills ericson key prastaav mein stockholm aur enge (naura stambanan) aur stambanan genome over norland ("oopari norland key madhyam seey mukhya line") key beach railway bhee shamil thee joe brack aur boden key beach chalati haye. oslo aur laxa (nordwastra stambanan) key beach ack railway kii bhee yojana banaai gaee thee. laksah vastra stambanan parr sthit haye.
vastra aur sodra stambanan key pahale bhaag 1856 mein khole gaye they. 1862 mein poore vastra stambanan koo khola gayaa thaa aur 1864 mein sodra stambanan koo poori tarah seey khola gayaa thaa. nordwastra stambanan 1871 mein aur austrastambanan 1874 mein khola gayaa thaa.
norra stambanan 1881 mein khola gayaa aur stambanan genome over norland 1894 mein khola gayaa. trondheim aur enge key beach norlandska twarbanan naamak ack railway 1885 mein khola gayaa.
jaba ericson ney 1862 mein istifa dey diyaa tou unakaa adhikaar dou agencies-biagnadesbirn (bhawan beuro) aur trafficbirran (yatayat beuro) key beach vibhajit thaa. 1888 mein agencies koo phir seey kungliga jornavagsterelsen (shaahi railway samiti) key roop mein jodaa gayaa.
aage kaa vistaar 1891-1937.
railway bhawan 1891 mein jaari rhaa jaba norwey mein lulia aur narvik key beach ack lauh ayask railway malambanan kaa nirmaan shuru huaa thaa. yeh 1902 mein samaapt huaa thaa.
1896 mein raajya ney paschimi tata parr sabhi railway khareede aur gothenberg aur stromestead key beach bohusbanan (bohuslan railway, bohus line) kaa nirmaan shuru kiya. iska uddeshya oslo koo jaari rakhna thaa, lekin swedish-norwegian sangh key vighatan ney line kaa nirmaan bund curr diyaa aur stromestead line kaa anta hoe gayaa.
1907 mein antardeshiya rekha (inlandsbennon) kaa pahala bhaag shuru kiya gayaa thaa. 1909 mein traileborg aur sasnitz key beach train ferry line kholi gaee thee, jisase berlin aur stockholm key beach seedhe yatra karna sambhav hoe gayaa thaa.
1914 mein norcoping (ostra stambanan mein) aur jarna (vastra stambanan mein) key beach railway khola gayaa, jisase malmo aur stockholm key beach kii yatra cumm hoe gaee.
1917 mein boden aur hapranda key beach ack railway kaa nirmaan puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, aur dou saal baad futty hui nadee parr ack pull banaaya gayaa thaa taaki hapranda koo finish shahar key turneo seey jodaa jaa sakey.
1927 mein purvi tata rekha poori hui.
1937 mein antardeshiya railway kaa nirmaan puuraa hoe gayaa.
vidyuteekaran.
madhya stockholm mein stockholm ostra station aur engelbrechtsplan key beach key chhote khand parr bhaap injan chalaane seey bachane key liye, jahaan train ney shahar kii sadakon parr yatra kii thee, 1895 mein djersholm kii line kaa vidyuteekaran kiya gayaa thaa. sankeern gaze 891 mimi roslagbanan upnagariya railway engelbretchplant-djersholms sb kaa 1,500 vee dee parr vidyuteekaran kiya gayaa thaa.see.
1915 mein sweeden key raajya railway dwara 15 kilowatt 15 heartz parr maanak gaze network parr lauh ayask line (malambanan) kaa vidyuteekaran kiya gayaa thaa. porges mein nae panbijali station seey aaney vaali bijli key saath. railway network koo apane 50 heartz key saath rashtriya vidyut grid seey convertor kaa upayog karane mein saksham banaane key liye aavritti koo 16,7 heartz mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa
malambanan key vidyuteekaran kaa udghaatan 1915 mein narvik-kiruna key beach kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1923 mein poori line parr, jisamen seema aur narvik key beach norwey mein isaki praakritik nirantarta bhee shamil thee.
1926 mein vestra stambanan (paschimi mukhya line) kaa vidyuteekaran jaari rhaa, aur sodr stambanan (dakshini mukhya line) 1933 mein, aur norra stambanan 1942 mein boden taka iss kaam koo tej kiya gayaa kyonki yuddh ney koyale aur tail key ayaat mein baadha daali thee. 1950 key dashak mein sabhi badey railway kaa vidyuteekaran kiya gayaa thaa.
1985 seey naee uchch gati laainen.
1937 aur 1985 key beach sweeden mein laghu udyog patariyon aur isi tarah key rail maargon koo chhodkar koee nayaa railway naheen banaaya gayaa thaa. isake bajaay cumm yatayat vaali kaee laainen bund curr dee gaeen. kaar aur truck kii aavaajaahi badhane seey unakaa yatayat cumm hoe rhaa thaa.
waskustbanan key saath-saath aur uchch gati maanak key saath dohare track kaa nirmaan karane kaa nirnay liya gayaa thaa, aur 1985 mein hulmstad key aspas ack nayaa railway banaaya gayaa thaa. agale varshon mein kaee nae railway banaae gaye, jyaadaatar stockholm key aspas aur westcustbunnon key saath taiyar kiye gaye. sanket pranali aur trains 2020 seey pahale adhik gati kii anumati naheen detee hain. puraane railway vastra stambanan aur sadra stambanan koo bhee unnat kiya gayaa haye, jahaan sanrekhan koo badale binaa sambhav hoe, jyaadaatar 1985-2005 key dauran kiya gayaa haye.
udaarikaran.
sweeden europe kaa pahala desh haye jahan ise buniyaadi dhaanche aur sevaaon koo alag karane kii ranneeti kaa pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa. sudhaar koo 1988 mein sampark kiya gayaa thaa. sudhaar ney statance journweiger state railway (esje) koo vibhajit kiya aur ack naee company banworket (beevi) banaai, joe buniyaadi dhaanche kii malik bunn gaee. esje trains chalaata haye aur saarvajanik subsidy key binaa vaanijyik aadhar parr aisaa kartaa haye.
march 2009 mein aiss. jey. key ekadhikar koo radd karane kaa nirnay liya gayaa thaa. pahale seey hii sharad ritu 2009 mein shaniwar aur ravivaar koo muft pratiyogita kii anumati dee jaayegi jaba patariyon parr adhik jagah hogi, aur sharad ritu 2010 mein sabhi dinon mein poori hudd taka.
jabaki sweeden kii adhikansh vartamaan railway laainen raajya dwara taya aur nirmit kii gaee theen, aur janata seey bhee unakaa takniki rakharkhaav praapt karati theen, esje abb yatri trains key sanchaalan aur swaamitva parr ekadhikar naheen rakhta haye jahaan aisee trains koo vaanijyik aadhar parr laabhprad roop seey chalaaya jaa sakata haye. rail network key badey hisse desh key una hisson mein kaam karate hain joe laabh kamaane key liye paryaapt yatri yaa maal yatayat utpann naheen karate hain, aur inmein seey kuchh hisson parr esje kaa haal hii mein (2010, iss khand mein neeche dekhein) taka vaastavik ekadhikar rhaa haye. ausat gati laabhpradata key sambandh mein ack mahatvapurna kaarak haye (prati ghante adhik doori kaa matlab prati ghante adhik aaya haye).

