
shikshan sangathan

vyavasaay prabandhan mein, ack shikshan sangathan ack aisee company haye joe apane sadasyon key seekhane kii suvidha pradaan karati haye aur lagaatar khud koo badalati rahati haye. iss avadharana koo peater senz aur unake sahyogiyon key kaam aur shodh key madhyam seey gadhaa gayaa thaa.
aadhunik sangathanon key saamane aaney vaale dabaavon key parinamswarup shikshan sangathan vikasit hoe sakate hain; yeh unhein vyaavsaayik vatavaran mein pratispardhi baney rahane mein saksham banaata haye.
visheshataaen.
ack shikshan sangathan kii kaee paribhaashaaen hain aur saath hii saath shikshan sangathanon key prakaar bhee hain.
peater senz ney ack sakshatkar mein kahaa kii ack shikshan sangathan logon kaa ack samooh haye joe saamoohik roop seey apani kshamataon koo badhaane key liye ack saath kaam curr rahey hain taaki way vaastav mein parwah karane vaale parinam banaa sakein. senge ney apani pustak "dha fifth disciplin" key madhyam seey shikshan sangathan kii avadharana koo lokpriya banaaya. pustak mein unhone nimnalikhit paanch visheshtaon kaa prastaav rakhaah
pranali soch.
shikshan sangathan kaa vichaar kaary key ack nikaay seey vikasit huaa jise system thinking kahaa jaataa haye. yeh ack vaichaarik dhancha haye joe logon koo vyavsaayon koo seemit vastuon key roop mein adhyayan karane kii anumati detaa haye. shikshan sangathan apani company kaa aaklan karate samay iss soch kaa upayog karate hain aur soochana pranali hoti haye joe sangathan key samagr pradarshan aur isake vibhinn ghatakon koo maapati haye. pranali soch bataati haye kii ack shikshan sangathan key liye ack shikshan sangathan kii sabhi visheshataaen ack hii samay mein ack sangathan mein spasht honey chaahiye. yadi inmein seey kuchh visheshataaen gayab hain tou sangathan apane lakshya seey cumm hoe jaayega. haalaanki, oh 'keef kaa maanana haye kii ack shikshan sangathan kii visheshataaen aise kaarak hain joe dheere-dheere praapt kiye jaate hain, naa kii ack saath vikasit kiye jaate hain.
vyaktigat mahaarat.
seekhane kii prakriya key prati kissy vyakti kii pratibaddhata koo vyaktigat mahaarat key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. ack aise sangathan key liye ack pratispardhi laabh haye jiska karyabal anya sangathanon key karyabal kii tulanaa mein adhik teji seey seekh sakata haye. seekhana kewal jaankaari praapt karane seey adhik maanaa jaataa haye; yeh hamaare kaushal koo sabse moolyavaan tareeke seey kaam karane key liye kaise lagu karna haye, yeh seekhakar adhik utpaadak honey kii kshamata kaa vistaar curr rhaa haye. vyaktigat nipunata aadhyatmik tareeke seey bhee dikhaai detee haye, udaaharan key liye, dhyaan kaa spashteekaran, vyaktigat drishti aur vaastaviktaa koo vastunishth roop seey dekhane aur vyakhya karane kii kshamata. vyaktigat shiksha karmchaariyon key prashikshan, vikas aur nirantar aatm-sudhaar key madhyam seey praapt kii jaati haye; haalaanki, seekhane key liye grahansheel naheen honey vaale vyakti parr seekhane koo majboor naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii kaaryasthal mein adhikansh seekhana aupchaarik prashikshan key utpaad key bajaay aakasmik haye, isaliye ack aisee sanskriti vikasit karna mahatvapurna haye jahaan dainik jeevan mein vyaktigat mahaarat kaa abhyaas kiya jaataa haye. ack shikshan sangathan koo vyaktigat seekhane key yog key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, lekin vyaktigat seekhane key liye sangathanaatmak seekhane mein sthanantarit karane key liye tantra honah chaahiye. vyaktigat nipunata vyaktigat pradarshan, aatm-prabhavsheelta, aatm-prerana, jimmedaari kii bhavna, pratibaddhata, dhairya aur praasangik mamalon key saath-saath kaary-jeevan santulan aur kalyan parr dhyaan kendrit karane jaise kaee sakaratmak parinamon koo sambhav banaati haye.
mansik model.
vyaktiyon aur sangathanon dwara aayojit dhaaranaon aur samanyikaranon koo mansik model kahaa jaataa haye. vyaktigat mansik model varnan karate hain kii loga kyaa pataa lagaa sakate hain yaa kyaa naheen curr sakate. chayanaatmak avalokan key kaaran, mansik model logon key avalokan koo seemit curr sakate hain. ack shikshan sangathan banane key liye, inn models kii pehchaan kii jaani chaahiye aur unhein chunauti dee jaani chaahiye. vyakti una siddhanton kaa samarthan karate hain, jinka way paalan karane kaa irada rakhate hain, aur upayog mein siddhant, joe way vaastav mein karate hain. isi tarah, sangathanon mein 'yaaden' hoti hain joe kuchh vyavhaaron, maandandon aur moolyon koo sanrakshit karati hain. seekhane kaa vatavaran banaane mein takraav key drishtikon koo ack khuli sanskriti key saath badalana mahatvapurna haye joe poochtaachh aur vishvaas koo badhaava detee haye. ise praapt karane key liye, shikshan sangathan koo kaarravaai key sangathanaatmak siddhanton kaa pataa lagaane aur unakaa aaklan karane key liye tantra kii aavashyakta hoti haye. avaanchhit moolyon koo 'unlearning' naamak prakriya mein tyagane kii aavashyakta haye. wang aur ahmed ise 'triple loop learning' key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain. sangathanon key liye, samasyaaen taba utpann hoti hain jaba mansik model jagrukta key star key neeche vikasit hotey hain. iss prakaar yeh mahatvapurna haye kii vyaavsaayik muddon kii jaanch kii jaae aur vartamaan vyaavsaayik prathaon aur nae kaushal koo naee prathaon mein ekikrit karane seey pahale sakriya roop seey sawal kiya jaae.
saajha drishti.
karmchaariyon koo seekhane key liye prerit karane mein ack saajha drishti kaa vikas mahatvapurna haye, kyonki yeh ack samanya pehchaan banaata haye joe seekhane key liye dhyaan aur oorjaa pradaan kartaa haye. sabse safal drishtikon sangathan key sabhi staron parr karmchaariyon key vyaktigat drishtikon parr nirmaan karate hain, iss prakaar ack saajha drishti key nirmaan koo paaramparik sanrachanaon dwara baadhit kiya jaa sakata haye jahaan company kii drishti oopar seey lagaai jaati haye. isaliye, shikshan sangathanon mein sapaat, vikendrikrit sangathanaatmak sanrachanaaen hoti hain. saajha drishti aksar ack pratiyogi key khilaf safal honey key liye hoti haye; haalaanki, senz kaa kahana haye kii yeye asthaayi lakshya hain aur sujhaav dete hain kii company key bheetar deerghakaalik lakshya bhee honey chaahiye. doosari or, spasht roop seey paribhaashit lakshyon kii kamee sangathan koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit curr sakati haye, kyonki yeh apane sadasyon key vishvaas koo praapt naheen curr sakata haye. saajha drishti kii prathaon koo lagu karane seey sangathan key bheetar sanchaar aur sahyog key madhyam seey vishvaas key vikas key liye ack upayukt vatavaran banata haye. parinamswarup, nirmit saajha drishti sadasyon koo apane anubhavon aur vichaaron koo saajha karane key liye protsaahit karati haye, iss prakaar sangathanaatmak seekhane key prabhaavon koo badhaati haye.
team seekhana.
vyaktigat seekhane kaa sanchay team seekhane kaa gathan kartaa haye. team yaa saajha seekhane kaa laabh yeh haye kii karmchari adhik jaldi seekhate hain aur gyaan aur visheshagyata taka behtar pahunch key madhyam seey sangathan kii samasya samadhan kshamata mein sudhaar hotaa haye. shikshan sangathanon key paas aisee sanrachanaaen hain joe seema paar karane aur khulepan jaisi visheshtaon key saath team seekhane kii suvidha pradaan karati hain. team kii baithakon mein sadasya sunane parr dhyaan kendrit karke, rukawat seey bachkar, ruchi rakhate hue aur pratikriya dekar ack-dusare seey behtar seekh sakate hain. aise seekhane key mahaul mein, logon koo apani asahamati koo chhipaane yaa nazarandaj karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye, isaliye way apani saamoohik samajh koo samriddh banaate hain. senaj key anusaar, team seekhane key teen ayam hainh "jatil muddon key baare mein antardrishti seey sochane kii kshamata", "naveen, samanvit kaarravaai karane kii kshamata", aur "ack aisaa network banaane kii kshamata joe anya teams koo bhee kaarravaai karane kii anumati degi. ack shikshan sangathan mein, dall seekhate hain kii kaise ack saath sochana haye. team learning team kii kshamata koo anukoolit karane aur vikasit karane kii prakriya haye taaki isake sadasya vaastav mein joe parinam chaahte hain, unhein taiyar kiya jaa sakey. team learning key liye vyaktiyon koo samvaad aur charcha mein sanlagn honey kii aavashyakta hoti haye; isaliye team key sadasyon koo khule sanchaar, saajha arth aur saajha samajh vikasit karni chaahiye. shikshan sangathanon key paas aam taur parr utkrisht gyaan prabandhan sanrachanaaen hoti hain, joe sangathan mein iss gyaan key nirmaan, adhigrahan, prasaar aur karyanvayan kii anumati detee hain. dall ack kriya seekhane key chakr aur samvaad jaise upkaranon kaa upayog karate hain. team learning seekhane key chakr kaa kewal ack tatva haye. chakr koo puuraa karane key liye, isamen una sabhi paanch visheshtaon koo shamil karna hoga joe oopar ullikhit hain.
vikas.
sangathan vyavasthit roop seey shikshan sangathanon mein vikasit naheen hotey hain; unake parivartan koo prerit karane vaale kaarak hain. jaise-jaise sangathan badhate hain, way seekhane kii apani kshamata khou dete hain kyonki company kii sanrachana aur vyaktigat soch kathor hoe jaati haye. jaba samasyaaen utpann hoti hain, tou prastaavit samadhan aksar kewal alpakaalik (double-loop learning key bajaay single-loop learning) hotey hain aur bhavishya mein phir seey ubharate hain. pratispardhi baney rahane key liye, kaee sangathanon ney punargathan kiya haye, jisamen company mein cumm loga hain. iska matlab haye kii joe loga baney hue hain unhein adhik prabhaavi dhang seey kaam karane kii aavashyakta haye. ack pratispardhi laabh paida karane key liye, companiyon koo apane pratispardhiyon kii tulanaa mein teji seey seekhane aur ack graahak pratikriyaasheel sanskriti vikasit karane kii aavashyakta haye. criss argiris ney pehchaan kii kii sangathanon koo nae utpaadon aur prakriyaon key baare mein gyaan banaae rakhane kii aavashyakta haye, yeh samajhane kii aavashyakta haye kii baahari vatavaran mein kyaa hoe rhaa haye aur sangathan key bheetar sabhi key gyaan aur kaushal kaa upayog karke rachanaatmak samadhan utpann karna chaahiye. isake liye vyaktiyon aur samoohon key beach sahyog, swatantra aur vishvasaniya sanchaar aur vishvaas kii sanskriti kii aavashyakta hoti haye. 
kissy bhee tarah kii shiksha key liye, sangathanon mein bhee, gyaan kaa prasaar honah chaahiye. prasaar karna hamesha aasaan naheen hotaa haye, kyonki yeh praaptakarta kii nae gyaan koo sweekaar karane kii ichcha, naee jaankaari kii unaki aavashyakta aur naee jaankaari key saath unake maujooda gyaan key sambandh parr nirbhar kartaa haye. sabse upayogi gyaan shayed hii kabhi aisaa kuchh hotaa haye joe kissy key sir mein banata haye aur phir dusaron mein fail jaataa haye. upayogi gyaan mein aam taur parr vibhinn prakaar kii jaankaari hoti haye jinhen phir jodaa jaataa haye. jaankaari ekatra karane key liye, sangathanon koo sabhi jaankaari key liye kissy prakaar key samagri bhandar kii aavashyakta hoti haye. inn bhandaron koo aajkal aamtaur parr soochana praudyogiki kii sahaayata seey banaaya jaataa haye. jaankaari key bhandar aur gyaan key buniyaadi dhaanche key saath, joe ack vyaavhaarik roop mein gyaan key nirmaan koo saral banaata haye, ack sangathan key paas sangathan mein sabhi key liye apana saaraa gyaan upalabdh hoga, joe sangathan mein seekhane mein aage madad karega.
laabh.
ack shikshan sangathan dwara pradaan kiye jaane vaale mukhya laabhon mein seey ack pratispardhi laabh haye. iss pratispardhi laabh koo vibhinn ranneetiyon parr adharit kiya jaa sakata haye, jinhen sangathanaatmak shiksha dwara praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. pratispardhatmak laabh praapt karane kaa ack tarika ranneetik lachilaapan haye. nae anubhav aur gyaan kaa nirantar pravaah sangathan koo gatishil aur parivartan key liye taiyar rakhta haye. hamesha badalate sansthaagat vatavaran mein yeh ack laabh key liye ack pramukh kaarak hoe sakata haye. ack sangathan kaa behtar prabandhan khojpurn nivesh aur shoshankari kaary bhee ack shikshan sangathan kaa laabh hoe sakata haye. isake baad, cumm kimaton aur utpaadon kii behtar gunavatta seey company kaa pratispardhi laabh praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. sangathanaatmak shiksha key madhyam seey laagat netritva aur vibhedan ranneetiyaan donon sambhav hain. aavashyakta aur paryaavaran key aadhar parr karyon koo phir seey configure karane kii kshamata donon key beach vyaapaar seey bachaati haye. samagr roop seey shikshan sangathanon kaa graahak pradarshan behtar hoe sakata haye, joe kii pratyaksh aur maapane yogya channel haye, joe ack pratispardhi laabh sthaapit kartaa haye. ack anya mahatvapurna pahalu navachar haye. navachar aur seekhana nikatata seey sambandhit hain. logon koo seekhane aur vikasit karane key liye protsaahit karate hue, ack adhik naveen vatavaran aamtaur parr utpann hotaa haye, naveen vichaar ee seey aatey hain.jee. abhyaas key samudaay adhik samagr sangathanaatmak shiksha mein parinam dey sakate hain.
ack shikshan sangathan key anya laabh hainh
baadhaaen.
shikshan sangathan key bheetar yaa usake binaa bhee, samasyaaen seekhane kii prakriya koo roque sakati hain yaa ise vaapas leey jaa sakati hain. unamen seey adhikansh ack sangathan seey utpann hotey hain joe sabhi aavashyak pahaluon koo poori tarah seey naheen apanaata haye. ack baar inn samasyaon kii pehchaan hoe jaane key baad, unhein sudhaarne parr kaam shuru kiya jaa sakata haye.
kuchh sangathanon koo vyaktigat mahaarat koo apnana mushkil lagata haye kyonki ack avadharana key roop mein yeh amoort haye aur laabhon kii matra nirdhaarit naheen kii jaa sakati haye; vyaktigat mahaarat koo sangathan key liye ack khatare key roop mein bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye. yeh khatra vaastavik hoe sakata haye, jaisa kii senaj ingit kartaa haye, kii 'gutnirpeksh sangathan mein logon koo sashakt banaana pratikool hoe sakata haye'. dusare shabdon mein, yadi vyakti ack saajha drishti key saath sanlagn naheen hotey hain, tou vyaktigat mahaarat kaa upayog apane vyaktigat darshan koo aage badhaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. kuchh sangathanon mein seekhane kii sanskriti kii kamee seekhane mein baadha bunn sakati haye. ack aisaa vatavaran banaaya jaanaa chaahiye jahaan vyakti binaa avamoolyan aur upeksha kiye seekhane koo saajha curr sakein, taaki adhik loga apane gyaan seey labhanvit hoe sakein aur vyakti sashakt hoe sakein. ack shikshan sangathan koo paaramparik padaanukramit sanrachanaon koo hataane koo poori tarah seey sweekaar karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
yadi ack vyaktigat star parr paryaapt khareed-farokht naheen haye tou seekhane key liye pratirodh ack shikshan sangathan key bheetar hoe sakata haye. iska saamana aksar una logon seey hotaa haye joe parivartan seey khatra mahsoos karate hain yaa maanate hain kii unhein sabse adhik nuksan uthaana haye. unake paas bund dimag honey kii sambhavana haye, aur way mansik model key saath judane key liye taiyar naheen hain. jaba taka kii poore sangathan mein susangat roop seey lagu naheen kiya jaataa haye, taba taka seekhane koo abhijaat varg key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye aur varishth star taka seemit kiya jaa sakata haye. usa sthiti mein, seekhane koo ack saajha drishti key roop mein naheen dekhaa jaayega. yadi prashikshan aur vikas anivarya haye, tou ise vyaktigat vikas key bajaay niyantran key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. seekhana aur vyaktigat mahaarat kii khoj ack vyaktigat pasand honey chaahiye, isaliye lagu kiya gayaa lena kaam naheen karega.
isake alawa, sangathanaatmak aakar aantarik gyaan saajha karane mein baadha bunn sakata haye. jaba karmchaariyon kii sankhya 150 seey adhik hoe jaati haye, tou aupchaarik sangathanaatmak sanrachana mein uchch jatilata, kamjor antar-karmchari sambandh, cumm vishvaas, cumm sanyojak prabhavkarita aur cumm prabhaavi sanchaar key kaaran aantarik gyaan saajha karna naatakiya roop seey cumm hoe jaataa haye. jaise-jaise ack sangathanaatmak ikai kaa aakar badhata haye, aantarik gyaan kii prabhavsheelta naatakiya roop seey cumm hoe jaati haye aur antar-sangathanaatmak gyaan saajha karane kii degree cumm hoe jaati haye.
senz kii drishti key saath samasyaon mein aadhunik sangathanon koo jeevant karane vaali anivaaryataon kii poori tarah seey sarahana karane aur unhein shamil karane mein viphalata shamil haye; prabandhakon kii soch kaa saapeksh parishkaar (aur kyaa vyavhaar mein kaee loga isake liye taiyar hain); aur sangathanaatmak rajneeti key unake upchaar key baare mein prashn. shikshan sangathanon key vaastavik jeevan key udaharanon koo khojana nishchit roop seey mushkil haye (kerka 1995). saiddhaantik dhaanche key aalochanatmak vishleshan kii bhee kamee rahee haye.
swiss daak seva mein sudhaar key prayason key unake adhyayan key aadhar parr, mathias finger aur sylvia burgin brand (1999) shikshan sangathan kii avadharana kii adhik mahatvapurna kamiyon kii ack upayogi soochi pradaan karate hain. way nishkarsh nikaalate hain kii kewal seekhane kii pahal seey ack naukarshahi sangathan koo badalana sambhav naheen haye. unakaa maanana haye kii shikshan sangathan kii dhaarana kaa ullekh karke parivartan koo cumm khatarnak aur pratibhagiyon key liye adhik sweekarya banaana sambhav thaa. '" "halanki, vyaktigat aur saamoohik shiksha, joe nissandeh hui haye, vaastav mein sangathanaatmak parivartan aur parivartan seey judee naheen haye. way sujhaav dete hain kii iss mudde kaa ack hissa shikshan sangathan kii avadharana seey sambandhit haye. way tark dete hain kii shikshan sangathan kii avdhaaranaah
ack shikshan sangathan mein parivartan mein chunauti.
parivartan kaa nritya" pustak mein kahaa gayaa haye kii kaee kaaran hain kii ack sangathan koo khud koo ack shikshan sangathan mein badalane mein pareshani hoe sakati haye. pahala yeh haye kii ack sangathan key paas paryaapt samay naheen hotaa haye. karmchaariyon aur prabandhan key paas anya mudde hoe sakate hain joe unake sangathan kii sanskriti koo badalane kii koshish karane parr prathamikta dete hain. yadi kissy sansthaan key paas uchit sahaayata yaa prashikshan naheen haye tou team samay dene mein saksham naheen hoe sakati haye. kissy sangathan koo badalane mein saksham honey key liye, usey una samasyaon koo hull karane key liye aavashyak kadmon koo jaanane kii aavashyakta hoti haye jinka vaha saamana kartaa haye. ack samadhan key roop mein, ack maargdarshak yaa prashikshak joe shikshan sangathan kii avadharana mein achchi tarah seey paarangat haye, aavashyak hoe sakata haye.
hoe sakata haye kii parivartan sangathan kii jarooraton key liye praasangik naa hoe. sangathan key vaastavik muddon aur usake dainik muddon parr samay bitaaya jaanaa chaahiye. iss chunauti kaa saamana karane key liye ack ranneeti banani hogi. sangathan koo parivartan mein pravesh karane seey pahale yeh nirdhaarit karna chaahiye kii usaki samasyaaen kyaa hain. prashikshan koo vyaavsaayik parinamon seey jodaa jaanaa chaahiye taaki karmchaariyon key liye prashikshan koo rosemarra key muddon seey jodana aasaan hoe.
kaee sangathanon key saath ack samanya chunauti vyaktigat vikas parr dhyaan kendrit karane kii kamee haye, jabaki mukhya roop seey vyaavsaayik vikas parr dhyaan kendrit karna haye, joe sangathan key pradarshan mein pratyaksh yogdan kii adhik sambhavana haye, jabaki vyaktigat vikas key sakaratmak parinam lambe samay mein adhik aur cumm dikhaai dete hain.
netaa key liye, sangathan kii saajha drishti key roop mein apani vyaktigat drishti parr vichaar naheen karna chunautipurna hoe sakata haye.
sangathanaatmak shikshan samasyaon kaa samadhan.
shikshan sangathanon koo sansthanon key bheetar sambodhit karane key liye design kiye gaye kuchh mudde vikhandan, pratispardha aur pratikriyashilta hain. vikhandan koo ack samasya koo tukadon mein todane key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. udaaharan key liye, pratyek sangathan mein ack lekha vibhaag, vitt, sanchaalan, yeh aur vipanan haye. pratispardha taba hoti haye jaba karmchari sahyog karane key bajaay kissy kaary mein dusaron koo behtar karane yaa 'haraane' kii koshish curr rahey hotey hain. pratikriyashilta taba hoti haye jaba koee sangathan sakriya roop seey parivartan shuru karane key bajaay kewal baahari taakton key prati pratikriya mein badalata haye.
team kii baithakon kaa ayojan karate samay anuchit aadaten nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit curr sakati hain. baithakon koo samay parr taiyar kiya jaanaa chaahiye, kaary-soochi taiyar kii jaani chaahiye aur vishayon parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye paryaapt samay diyaa jaanaa chaahiye. kyonki anushasana key madhyam seey team seekhane key roop mein sarvottam parinam, ack agenda honah, vatavaran koo khula rakhna aur dusaron kaa sammaan karna aavashyak haih rukawat seey bachein, ruchi rakhein aur pratikriya dein.