
wilheim wonn pressel

wilheim wonn pressel (1821-1902) ottoman samrajya key ack german adhikaari aur railway engineer they jinhone baghdad railway key liye dhana praapt karane kaa prayaas kiya. unake pichhale rail nirmaanon mein balcon aur poore europe mein laainen shamil theen. vaha khud koo ack vaishvik nagrik maanate they aur aksar unhein "baghdad railway kaa pitaa" kahaa jaataa haye.
german aur turkey railway.
europeeya shaktiyon mein britten aur france shamil they, germany ney 19veen aur 20veen shatabdi key patan kii sthiti mein ottoman samrajya koo sabse mahatvapurna videshi sahaayata pradaan kii. pressel aur ack sainya salaahkaar, kolmar freeher wonn dair goltz, dhana jutaane key liye sampark shuru karane key netaa they. way turk-german sahyog koo badhaava dene key liye istambul mein rajdoot key roop mein gaye. pressel aur boltz ney desh kaa daura karane aur isake reeti-rivaajon koo seekhane mein samay bitaaya; isake baad, unhone railway koo apani sarvocch prathamikta banaa lii, yeh maanate hue kii turkey logon kii sthiti mein sudhaar seey ottoman samrajya aur germany donon koo laabh hoga. 1871 mein, pressel koo naee asiai ottoman railway company kaa nideshak niyukt kiya gayaa.
haalaanki ottoman sarkaar, "port", baad mein baghdad railway kaa nirmaan karane mein aarthik roop seey asamarth thee, lekin pressel turkey key pahale railmarg key nirmaan mein safal rhaa, joe istanbul koo marmara samudra parr izmit seey jodata thaa. pressel ney ottoman samrajya mein upalabdh parivahan key pracheen tarikon mein sudhaar karna apana lakshya banaaya. haalaanki, "port" ney 1875 mein diwalia honey kii ghoshana kii, jisase unaki yojanaon mein baadha aaee. 1870 key dashak key anta mein, pressel sultan abdul hameed dwiteeya koo yeh samajhaane mein safal rhaa kii baghdad railway key nirmaan kii aavashyakta haye. sultan kii riyayat, kuchh hudd taka, rusiyon dwara 1877-78 mein karari haar key baad manobal mein sudhaar karane key liye thee.
saanskritik ruchi.
iss samay, press ney turkon kii sanskriti key baare mein adhik jaanane kaa prayaas kiya; yaatana aur barbarta kii afavaahen, vishesh roop seey ottoman isaaiyon, ack alpasankhyak key prati. unhone inn afvaahon koo sach paaya; isaaiyon key khilaf vibhinn apraadhon key aparaadhi aksar sarkari adhikaari hotey they, isaliye unaki durdasha kaa koee anta naheen thaa. jaise-jaise pressel ney turkon key baare mein seekhana jaari rakhaa, vaha turkey adhikaariyon koo adhik seey adhik napsand kartaa gayaa. adhikansh turk "imandar aur bahadur they aur apane saathi isai nagrikon key saath 'vinamrata aur mitrata key saath vyavhaar karate they.'" doosari or, turkey adhikaari aadhunik aur paaramparik, pakhandi key beach funce gaye, aur jald hii ghrinit dabaav mein aaa gaye.
iss samay, railway pariyojana koo jameen seey utaarane key liye berlin aur istanbul donon parr dabaav daala gayaa, yahaan taka kii "anatolia kii samriddhi" kii prashansa karane vaale vittakarta bhee baney. jabaki kaee europeeya logon ney turkon koo aalsi maanaa, pressel ney tark diyaa kii unaki utpaadaktaa kii kamee baahari parivahan kii kamee seey upaji haye, iss prakaar vastuon key liye koee baahari bajar naheen haye. railway anatolian kisaanon koo apani fasal badhaane aur isake kuchh niryaat kii anumati dekar utpaadaktaa mein vriddhi karega.
baghdad railway kii shuruat.
1883 aur 1887 key beach, rail maarg kaa samarthan karane key liye pressel ney paryaapt poonji jamaa kii thee, lekin sultan ney ise aswikar curr diyaa kyonki rajdhani bahut saare sroton seey aaee thee. halanki, jald hii, pressel kii mulakat niji vertemberger warrinsbank key nideshak alfred wonn kaula seey hui, jinhone unhein duesh baink key nideshak george wonn seamens seey parichit karaaya. haalaanki bismark ney german sarkaar kii or seey "press pariyojana" koo aadhikarik taur parr khariz curr diyaa (haalaanki unhone vyaktigat roop seey ise manjuri dee), kaula aur seamens ney sultan koo apani bolly prastut kii, jinhone sweekaar curr liya.
pressel, halanki, mahsoos kiya kii jaba kaula aur seamens ney padbhar sambhala tou unhein dhokha diyaa gayaa thaa aur unhein hataa diyaa gayaa thaa; seamens vishesh roop seey unake maanviya swabhaav key liye pressel seey nafrat karate they.
baad mein jeevan.
pressel ney turkey mein apane dinon koo bitaane kaa faisala kiya, pariyojana key poorna ottoman adhigrahan key liye bahas karate hue likhaah "maine apane virodhiyon kii behtar taakat key khilaf apani pariyojana key liye ladane kaa faisala kiya haye, jaba taka kii bhagwan mujhe shakti dete hain, merrie antim saans taka, usake shaavakon key liye ack sherni kii tarah. kyonki mujhe anatolian railway koo apana bachcha kahane kaa adhikaar haye."
aadhikarik german preshan ney unhein shraddhanjali dene seey incar curr diyaa, aur unake virodhiyon ney unaki ninda karna jaari rakhaa.

