stonton-morphy vivaad

stonton-morphy vivaad 1858 mein howard stonton aur paul morphy key beach shatranj match key liye baatchit kii viphalata aur baad mein donon khilaadiyon key karyon kii vyakhya seey sambandhit haye. ghatnaaon key vivaran saarvbhaumik roop seey sahmat naheen hain, aur khaate aur vyaakhyaaen aksar majboot rashtriya purvagrah dikhaati hain.
anishchitata aur vivaad jaari haye.
shatranj patrakaar maark weak key shabdon mein, "stonton shatranj key itihas key liye ack anoothi chunauti kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. kaee khilaadi turant unake naam koo paul morphy key saath jodate hain, jaisa kii 'stonton ney morphy key saath ack match koo chhod diyaa' mein haye. ... yeh behad anuchit haye, kyonki yeh ack apekshaakrit chhoti, tathyaatmak roop seey vivadaspad ghatana parr dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye, jabaki yeh unaki mahatvapurna uplabdhiyon koo nazarandaj kartaa haye."jaisa kii edward winter likhate hain," rashtriya purvagrah key mudde parr, durbhagya seey, stonton-morphy mamle mein vichaar kii aavashyakta hoti haye."vishva shatranj champion" (oxford, 1981) kaa sampadan karate samay, winter ney stonton aur ack americi key baare mein likhane key liye ack angrej koo chunaa.
khilaadiyon kii prishthabhoomi.
staunton.
howard stonton (1810 aprail-22 juuna, 1874) ack angreji shatranj master they jinhone 1843 mein peris mein francisi piyare charles fornier dee sent-maint key khilaf ack match jeetaa thaa, aur 1843 seey 1851 taka kaee samkaaleen tippanikaron, baad mein 19veen shatabdi key tippanikaron aur poorv vishva champion gairi kasparov dwara unhein duniya kaa sabse majboot khilaadi maanaa jaataa thaa. jermi pee dwara ekatra kiye gaye match record key anusaar. spinrad, 1840 seey 1851 taka binaa baadhaon key stonton key khilaf safal honey vaale ekmatra khilaadi theh sent-maint, jinhone pahala match jeetaa aur 1843 mein apane dusare aur lambe maichon mein haar gaye; adolph anderson, jinhone 1851 landan antarrashtriya tournament seey stonton koo samaapt curr diyaa aur karyakram jeetaa; aur elizah williams, jinhone usee tournament mein teesare sthaan key liye play-off mein stonton koo haraaya. saankhyikiya website shatranjamiti meey 1843 seey agast 1849 taka duniya key number ack khilaadi key roop mein, julaai 1851 seey maee 1853 taka sheersh duss mein aur juuna 1853 seey janwari 1856 taka sheersh paanch mein sthaan rakhta haye.
stonton ney prastaav rakhaa aur 1851 key landan antarrashtriya tournament key pramukh aayojak they, joe pahala antarrashtriya tournament thaa. tournament mein unakaa nirashajanak chautha sthaan yeh sanket dey sakata haye kii unhone ayojan samiti key sachiv aur ack pratiyogi donon key roop mein khud koo adhik bojh seey bharaa huaa thaa. 1851 key tournament aur usake baad williams key khilaf unake match ney stonton key pratispardhi currier koo prabhaavi dhang seey samaapt curr diyaa. halanki anderson, jinhone tournament jeetaa, ney tournament key baad ack match key liye stonton kii chunauti koo sweekaar curr liya, lekin paristhitiyon ney unhein ise khelane seey roque diyaa. 1853 mein brussels mein rahate hue, stounton ney wonn dair lassa key khilaf ack twarit match khela, lekin hriday kii pareshani key kaaran ise chhodana padaa, aur wonn dair lassa ney baad mein likhaa kii unaki raay mein 1853 key baad gambhir pratispardha key liye stounton key shaaririk roop seey paryaapt roop seey fitt honey kaa koee mauka naheen thaa.
stonton ack prabhaavshaali shatranj patrakaar aur shatranj kii pustakon key lekhak bhee they, aur unhone 1847 mein ack shekspeare vidwan key roop mein ack atirikt currier shuru kiya, jisase unake samkaaleenon aur usa kshetra mein aadhunik lekhakon kaa bhee sammaan praapt huaa. apane pratispardhi shatranj currier key anta key baad, vaha apani mrityu taka shatranj aur shekspeare donon key baare mein ack sakriya lekhak baney rahey, aur jaba unaki mrityu hui tou way kaam parr they.
morphy.
paul morphy (22 juuna, 1837-10 julaai, 1884) ack americi shatranj pratibha they jinhone ack chhote bachche key roop mein dusaron koo khelate hue dekhkar khel seekha thaa. 1850 mein, jaba morphy baarah varsh kaa thaa, taba majboot peshevar hangerian shatranj master johann loventhal ney nyu orleans kaa daura kiya, jahan morphy ney unhein 3-0 seey haraaya. morphy ney apani kishoravastha mein thodaa shatranj khela, isake bajaay apani padhaai parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, lekin 1857 kii americi shatranj congress mein khelane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa. yeh ack nock-out tournament thaa jisamen pratyek round ack mini-match thaa. taba 20 saal key morphy ney teen drow karate hue kewal ack game (luis paulson seey) khou diyaa, unamen seey dou final mein unhone luis paulson key khilaf 6-2 (5 jeet, ack haar aur dou drow) jeete, joe ack german-americi they, jinhen 1850 key dashak key anta seey 1890 key dashak kii shuruat taka duniya key sheersh 10 mein seey ack key roop mein shatranj kaa mulyankan kiya jaataa haye.
nyu orleans shatranj club ney taba stonton key khilaf ack match key liye morphy kii or seey ack chunauti jaari kii, joe abhee bhee 1840 key dashak key anta mein apane prabhutva aur apane prabhaavshaali shatranj lekhan key liye prasiddh they. morphy aur unake doston ney chunauti koo sweekaar karane key liye stonton kii pratikriya koo liya, aur 1858 key madhya mein morphy ingland key liye shuru hoe gayaa.
jabaki stonton key saath baatchit aage badhee, morphy ney apana adhikansh samay landan aur peris mein bitaaya, jahan unhone usa samay key anya sheersh khilaadiyon key khilaf karari jeet hassil keeh loventhal key khilaf 51/1; daniel harwitz key khilaf 51/2; adolph anderson key khilaf 8-3, jinhone 1851 landan antarrashtriya tournament jeetaa thaa aur baad mein 1862 landan tournament jeetaa thaa; aur 1859 mein augustus mongradian key khilaf 71/2.
morphy unake samkaaleenon kii tulanaa mein itna majboot saabit huaa kii shatranj key mapdand unhein 1858 seey 1862 kii shuruat taka duniya key sheersh khilaadi key roop mein maanate hain, morphy kii ghoshana key 3 saal baad shatranj seey unaki sevaanivritti hui. haal key sheersh shreni key khilaadiyon key saath nishpaksh roop seey morphy kii tulanaa karna mushkil haye kyonki vaha apane virodhiyon seey bahut aage they.
1858 kii ghatanaaen.
praarambhik chunauti aur pratikriya.
1850 key dashak key madhya mein stonton ney shekspeare key paath koo sampaadit karane key liye prakashakon key saath ack anubandh praapt kiya. yeh sanskaran 1857 seey 1860 taka key kuchh hisson mein prakaashit huaa, aur stonton key kaam kii visheshagyon dwara prashansa kii gaee. jaba stonton shekspeare sanskaran mein vyast they, unhein nyu orleans shatranj club seey ack vinamra patra milaa, jisamen unhein paul morphy khelane key liye usa shahar mein aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone 1857 kii pahali americi shatranj congress jeeti thee; yeh chunauti, joe farwari 1858 mein bheji gaee thee, ney prastaav diyaa kii hissedari 5,000 dollar honey chaahiye aur yadi stonton haar gaye, tou unhein kharchon koo puuraa karane key liye 1,000 dollar kaa bhugtan kiya jaayega. prastaavit hissedari 2007 key paise mein lagbhag $877,145.92 hogi. dilchasp baat yeh haye kii shatranj club ney patra bhejane seey pahale morphy key saath baatchit naheen kii thee.
4 aprail 1858 koo stonton ney jawab diyaah
usee dinn stonton ney "sachitra landan samachar" mein apane collum mein likhaah
taba seey iss baare mein bahas chala rahee haye kii kyaa stonton key patra aur lekh koo vinamra incar yaa chunauti kii sashart sweekriti key roop mein maanaa jaanaa chaahiye. halanki, morphy ney stonton key lekhan koo ack chunauti key roop mein liya. halanki stonton ney morphy key khilaf khelane key baare mein kuchh naheen kahaa thaa, morphy ney maan liya kii ingland pahunchane key baad match koo aasaani seey vyavasthit kiya jaa sakata haye.
saimuel boden, joe usa samay ack pratishthit angreji graameen aur khel patrika "dha feeled" key shatranj sampaadak they, ney amerikiyon key stonton key chayan koo europe key sarvshreshth pradarshan key roop mein vivaadit kiyaah
stonton ney electric telegraph dwara morphy khelane kii peshkash kii, ack aisee takneek jisaki pragati aur shatranj key liye upayog kii unhone utsaahpoorvak soochana dee. haalaanki yeh prastaav europe key liye murdi key jaane key baad aaya thaa-joe shayed bhagyashali thaa, kyonki ack maheene key baad naee cable toot gaee aur 1866 taka ise naheen badala gayaa thaa.
europe key liye morphy shuru hoe jaataa haye.
jaba 31 maee, 1858 koo morphy ney nyu orleans seey europe key liye prasthaan kiya, taba bhee vaha kanuni roop seey nabalig they, aur 22 juuna, 1858 koo umr key honey vaale they. isaliye unhein yatra key liye apane parivaar kii anumati kii aavashyakta thee. haalaanki unake parivaar ney iss aadhar parr yatra kaa virodh kiya kii isase unake kanuni peshe mein pravesh mein deree hogi, aur ack chaacha aur ack parivarik mitra koo unhein jaane dene key liye manaane mein kuchh samay lagaa. nyu orleans shatranj club ney bhee morphy key parivaar koo usey yatra karane key liye manaane kii koshish mein ack ullekhaniya bhoomika nibhai; isane morphy key yatra kharch kaa bhugtan karane kii bhee peshkash kii, lekin unhone iss prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa kyonki vaha ack peshevar shatranj khilaadi key roop mein naheen dekhaa jaanaa chaahte they.
yatra key liye morphy kaa spashteekaran yeh thaa kii vaha shatranj tournament mein khelane kaa irada rakhate they joe 22 juuna 1858 koo birmingham mein nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. stonton ney iss khabar kaa swaagat kiya kii "shree. paul morphy nishchit roop seey ingland kii yatra karane aur birmingham mein british sangh kii baithak mein bhaag lene key liye buss gaye hain...", joe morphy kii yatra kaa prakaashit uddeshya thaa.
ingland mein morphy key aagaman key baad.
20 juuna, 1858 koo morphy liverpool mein aaya aur turant birmingham jaane vaali train pakad lii. haalaanki, aagaman parr unhone paaya kii tournament koo dou maheene key liye sthagit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, 24 agast taka. agale dinn morphy landan kii yatra kii lekin beemar hoe gayaa thaa, aur 23 juuna taka landan shatranj clubon mein jaane key liye fitt naheen thaa. "sachitra landan samachar", jiska stonton shatranj sampaadak thaa, ney ack lekh "shree kaa aagaman" mudrit kiya. 26 juuna koo sent parr morphy. george key club mein way stonton seey mille aur chunauti koo phir seey jaari kiya, jise stonton ney sweekaar curr liya basharte kii unhein taiyari key liye ack maheene kaa samay diyaa gayaa hoe. halanki unhone morphy key khilaf kuchh aakasmik khel khelane seey incar curr diyaa, lekin stonton ney unhein streatham mein apane ghar mein aamantrit kiya, joe una dinon ack graameen gaanv thaa jiska pahala railway station kewal dou saal pahale khola gayaa thaa. vahaan unhone kuchh paramarsh khel khele, jisamen johnn owen dwara stonton kii bhagidari aur thomas willson barnes dwara morphy. morphy-barnes team ney donon paramarsh khelon mein stonton-owen koo haraaya. thodi dair baad stonton ney prastaav diyaa kii way agast mein birmingham tournament key baad taka apane match mein deree karein, aur morphy anichha seey sahmat hoe gayaa. stounton ney "sachitra landan samachar" mein ghoshana keeh
iss samay key aspas morphy ney likhaa kii america mein doston seey usey hissedari key liye paise bhejane key liye kahaa. haalaanki, julaai 1858 key anta mein unake parivaar ney unake dost charles maurian koo soochit kiya kii "unhone naa kewal vaanchhit raashi jutaane mein madad karane kaa sankalp liya thaa, balki yeh bhee kii unhein apane yaa kissy aur key paise seey paise kaa milan karane kii anumati naheen deni chaahiye... kii yadi aavashyak hoe tou usey balpurvak ghar laaya jaayega; kii way kissy bhee tarah seey paise key milan koo rokane key liye nirdhaarit they."maurian ney nyu orleans shatranj club koo £500 bhejane key liye raaji kiya, lekin jahir haye kii yeh octuber kii shuruat taka morphy key haathon mein naheen thaa.
iss beach, morphy khela aur johann loventhal koo haraaya. morphy key vyaktigat sahayak fredrick aij key anusaar, iss samay key aspas vyaktigat aur raajneetik sangharsh dikhaai diye. aij ney likhaa kii owen, joe iss match mein morphy key dusare sthaan parr they, ney loventhal aur asammaanit morphy koo protsaahit kiya, aur yeh kii ghrina morphy mein unhein ack match key liye chunauti dee gaee, jisase unhein pyaada aur chaal kii sambhavanaen mileen. aij ney aage daavaa kiya kii morphy ney baadha dene parr jore diyaa kyonki, aggar vaha avence mein owen khelate hain, tou stonton ise deree karane yaa morphy key saath match koo chhodane key bahaane key roop mein maanenge. loventhal key saath match baadhit hoe gayaa kyonki loventhal beemar hoe gayaa thaa, aur dou drow key saath 5-0 seey owen koo kuchalane key liye morphy ney break kaa upayog kiya, iss tathya key bavjood kii owen ack bahut hii majboot khilaadi thaa jisane baad mein 1862 landan tournament mein teesara sthaan hassil kiya aur vijeta, adolph anderson key khilaf ack khel jeetane vaalaa ekmatra khilaadi thaa. agast kii shuruat mein stonton ney sent mein ack samiti key gathan kii anumati dee. georges kaa shatranj club hissedari key apane hisse key liye dhana jutaane key liye.
14 agast 1858 koo loventhal key saath match samaapt karane key baad, morphy ney stonton koo likhaah
stonton ney jawab diyaa kii unhein taiyari key liye aur samay chaahiye, aur morphy ney unhein phir seey likhaah
shatranj itihaaskaar jee. aich. diggle ney likhaa kii, 21 agast 1858 seey shaniwar thaa aur ravivaar koo koee daak vitaran naheen thaa, isaliye mrityu kaa patra agale somwar seey pahale naheen aaya hoga, jaba stonton koo birmingham key liye ravaana honah thaa. iss beach, ravivaar 22 agast koo stonton key puraane dushman george walker ney "landan mein bails life" mein ack lekh prakaashit kiya jisamen stonton parr match koo anishchit kaal key liye sthagit karane kii koshish karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaah
shaniwar 28 agast koo "sachitra landan samachar" mein "pustak-virodhi" dwara hastaaksharit ack patra thaa, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaah
aam taur parr yeh socha jaataa haye kii "pustak-virodhi" swayam hii thaa. diggle ney tark diyaa kii stanton ney birmingham train pakadane seey pahale ise toda diyaa hoga, kyonki vaha 24 aur 25 tarikh koo tournament mein khelane mein vyast thaa, jabaki 26 tarikh koo prakaashan key liye bahut dair hoe chuki hogi; aur usa stanton ney 21 agast key morphy key patra koo dekhane seey pahale usa parr walker key hamale koo padhaa hoga.
iss beach, morphy ney 26 agast koo birmingham kii yatra kii, tournament mein khelane key liye bahut dair seey, lekin ack aankh parr patti lagaane vaali pradarshani key liye samay parr joe unhone pahale 27 agast koo queen college mein dene kii peshkash kii thee. jaba vaha vahaan stonton seey mille, tou stonton ney aur samay manga, yeh kahate hue kii unake prakashakon key prati unaki pratibaddhataon mein unakaa bahut samay lugg rhaa thaa. morphy ney poochha, "shriman. stonton, kyaa aap octuber, navambar yaa disambar mein khelenge? apana samay chunein lekin nirnay koo antim honey dein."stonton ney jawab diyaa," thheek haye, shriman. morphy, aggar aap sthagan key liye sahamati denge, tou main aapako navambar kii shuruat mein khelunga. main apane prakashakon koo dekhunga aur aapako kuchh dinon mein sateek tarikh bataaunga."
morphy ney peris kii yatra karke sthagan kaa upayog kiya, jahan unhone daniel harwitz (51⁄ 2-21 ⁄2) koo haraaya. 6 octuber 1858 koo, morphy ney ack khula patra likhaa jise kaee prakashanon koo bhee prasaarit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen morphy ney sthiti key baare mein apane vichaar vyakt kiye theh
7 octuber koo, morphy ney sent koo likhaa. george kaa shatranj klabah
9 octuber koo, stonton ney 6 octuber key morphy key patra key khule patra kaa jawab diyaa, jisamen unhone kathinaaiyon kaa saamana kiya, lekin abb unhein match radd karane key karanon key roop mein upayog kiyaah
23 octuber koo, stonton ney 9 octuber key apane poore jawab koo 6 octuber key morphy key khule patra kii aanshik prati key saath prakaashit kiya, jisamen morphy key dhana kii kamee aur sekand key baare mein "anty-book" patra key sandarbh koo hataa diyaa gayaa. vibhinn shatranj stambhon ney taba gumnam aur teekhe akshar mudrit kiye. morphy ney inmein seey kissy mein bhee bhaag naheen liya, lekin british shatranj sangh key adhyaksh lord littelton koo match laane key apane prayason key baare mein bataate hue likhaa, match seey bachane key liye stonton key prayason key baare mein sub kuchh sweekaar karane key liye kii vaha khelna naheen chaahata thaa, aur "sachitra landan samachar" mein tathyon key baare mein stonton key pratinidhitva kii maang karate hue, "aap duniya koo yeh ghoshit karenge kii yeh match merey kissy bhee dosh key madhyam seey naheen huaa haye."littelton ney jawab diyaah
isake baad.
1859 mein nyu orleans lautane key baad, morphy ney khud koo khel seey sevaanivritt ghoshit curr diyaa aur kuchh apvaadon key saath, achche key liye saarvajanik pratispardha chhod dee. 1861 mein americi grihyuddh key prakop seey morphy kaa bhroon kaanoon carrier baadhit hoe gayaa thaa. sambhavatah sangh key algaav key virodh key kaaran, yuddh samaapt honey key baad bhee mrityu-darr safaltapurvak ack kaanoon abhyaas kaa nirmaan karane mein asamarth thaa. vaha sanaki, ekaantpriya aur shayed halke pagal hoe gaye, aur 47 saal kii umr mein dopahar kii garmi mein lambe samay taka chalane key baad thhande snan mein pravesh karane seey aae stroke seey unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
stonton ney shatranj lekhak aur shekspeare key vidwan key roop mein apane judvaan currier koo jaari rakhaa. "landan shatranj patrika key shahar", "likhaa... yeh kahana koee atishayokti naheen haye kii unaki saahityik mehnat vaha aadhar haye jiss parr angreji shatranj samaaj, jaisa kii vartamaan mein gathit haye, khadaa haye, aur morphy aur steinitz sahit prakhyaat samkaaleenon koo shatranj kii shuruat parr stonton key lekhan koo unake samay key sarvshreshth mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. shekspeare key vidwan key roop mein unake kaam ney unake samkaaleenon aur usa kshetra mein aadhunik lekhakon kaa bhee sammaan praapt kiya. apane pratispardhi shatranj currier key anta key baad vaha apani mrityu taka shatranj aur shekspeare donon key baare mein ack sakriya lekhak baney rahey, aur jaba unaki mrityu hui tou way kaam parr they.
donon khilaadiyon ney ack-dusare kii kshamataon key liye sammaan vyakt kiya. morphy ney kahaa kii stonton mein vishleshanatmak kshamata aur sthiti kaa nirnay karane kii mahaan kshamata thee, lekin unake khel mein kalpana kii kamee dikhaai dee, aur vaha stonton unake samay kaa sabse majboot khilaadi hoe sakata haye. 1860 mein, stonton ney "shatranj abhyaas" prakaashit kiya, joe unake 1847 key kaam "shatranj khilaadi kii pustika" kaa poorak thaa. naee pustak mein unhone 168 prishthon koo kaee morphy khelon koo prastut karane key liye samarpit kiya aur americi khel kii prashansa kii.
20veen shatabdi aur haal kii tippaniyan.
stonton apane samay seey hii ack vivadaspad vyakti rahey hain. ack vastunishth mulyankan taka pahunchana iss tathya seey adhik kathin hoe jaataa haye kii fred reinfeld, israel "all" horowitz aur reuben fine sahit kuchh prasiddh shatranj lekhakon kii shatranj itihaskaron dwara unaki sateekta kii kamee key liye aalochana kii gaee haye, donon samanya roop seey aur vishesh roop seey jahaan stonton kaa sambandh haye. edward winter likhate hain, "gair-khelane vaale itihaaskaar key liye apana vishleshan prakaashit karna murkhtapurna haye, halanki vaha ack upayogi sankalak hoe sakate hain. isi tarah, joe khilaadi shatranj key itihas seey anjaan hain, aur unake prati udaseen hain, unhein ise naheen chhoona chaahiye."
reinfeld, horowitz aur fine ney bhee stonton key khel kii ninda kii, lekin bobby fisher ney isaki bahut prashansa kii.
shatranj itihaaskaar edward winter aind jee. aich. phillip doubleu dwara likhit pustakon mein 20veen shatabdi kii shatruta kaa pataa lagaaya gayaa haye. paul morphy key baare mein sargent (1872-1952). sargent ney badale mein fredrick aij kii ack pustak kaa upayog kiya, joe 1858 mein apane sachiv aur vyaktigat sahayak key roop mein europe mein morphy key saath gaye, lekin morphy seey kuchh maheene pahale janwari 1859 mein america laut aae. morphy key prati aij kaa ravaiya asamanya aur jatil thaah
ack aitihaasik srot key roop mein kinare key moolya kii raay vyaapak roop seey bhinn hoti haih
aich. jey. aar. murre ney poore mamle parr tippani kii, "iss sub mein bahut cumm haye jisamen humm stanton koo fatkaar lagaa sakate hain, iss tathya seey parey kii unhone itane lambe samay taka match kii sambhavana koo khula rakhaa, aur yahaan bhee ack achchha sauda haye jise uchit thaharaane key liye aagrah kiya jaa sakata haye jisake baad stanton" lekin yeh bhee nott kiya kii donon paksh janata key saamane ack-dusare key saath saamarik khel khel rahey they, aur donon khilaadiyon yaa unake sambandhit samarthakon dwara kii gaee tippaniyan teekhi theen.

