
astitvagat khand

ack astitvagat khand ack khand haye joe kissy cheez key astitva yaa upasthiti koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jaise kii "ack bhagwan haye" aur "yard mein ladke hain. iss tarah key khandon key upayog koo vidheyaatmak tark mein astitvagat matratmakta key anuroop maanaa jaa sakata haye, jise aksar "vahaan maujood (oun)" vakyansh key saath vyakt kiya jaataa haye...".
vibhinn bhaashaon mein astitvagat khandon koo banaane aur unakaa upayog karane key alag-alag tareeke hain. angreji roopon key vivaran key liye, angreji vyaakaranah "vahaan" koo sarvanam key roop mein dekhein.
gathan.
kaee bhaashaaen binaa kissy vishesh marker key astitvagat khandon kaa nirmaan kewal samanya copul kriya (angreji "bee" key samkaksh) key roopon kaa upayog karke karati hain, vishay sangya (vakyansh) haye joe usa cheez kaa ullekh kartaa haye jiska astitva daavaa kiya jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, finish vaakya, jiska arth haye "yard mein ladke hain", shaabdik roop seey "yard parr ladke hain. kuchh bhaashaon mein usa uddeshya key liye ack alag kriya haih swedish mein haye, shaabdik roop seey "yeh yard parr ladke paae jaate hain. doosari or, kuchh bhaashaon mein copul kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye, aur "yard ladakon mein" key anuroop vaakyon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. kuchh bhaashaon mein "haye" kriya kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye; udaaharan key liye, serbo-crotian kaa shaabdik arth haye "yard mein ladke hain".
kuchh bhaashaaen aniyamit roop seey astitvavadi khandon key nakaratmak roop mein hoti hain; udaaharan key liye, russie mein, "yest" ("vahaan haye/hain") kaa upayog sakaratmak astitvavadi khandon mein kiya jaataa haye (vartamaan kaal mein), lekin nakaratmak samkaksh "aine. vaay. ee. tii" ("vahaan haye/naheen haye") haye, jiska upayog aanuvanshik mamle mein taarkik vishay key saath kiya jaataa haye.
angreji mein, astitvavadi khand aamtaur parr "vahaan" (anantah vahaan) key saath nakali vishay nirmaan (jise explative key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) kaa upayog karate hain, jaisa kii "yard mein ladke hain", lekin kabhi-kabhi "vahaan" koo taba chhod diyaa jaataa haye jaba vaakya ack anya kriyavisheshan (aamtaur parr ack sthaan koo nirdisht karna) key saath shuru hotaa haye, jaisa kii "merey kamare mein (vahaan) ack badaa boxes hotaa haye."angreji nakali vishay key samaan nirmaan vaali anya bhaashaon mein french (dekhein) aur german shamil hain, joe upayog kartaa haye, yaa, shaabdik roop seey" "yeh haye", "" "yeh haye", "yeh detaa haye.
upayog karein.
astitva yaa upasthiti kaa sanket.
astitvagat khandon kaa pramukh arth kissy vishesh sthaan yaa samay mein kissy cheez key astitva yaa kissy cheez kii upasthiti koo sandarbhit karna haye. udaaharan key liye, "ack bhagwan haye" ack bhagwan key astitva kaa daavaa kartaa haye, lekin "desk parr ack kalam haye" ack vishesh sthaan parr ack kalam kii upasthiti yaa astitva kaa daavaa kartaa haye.
astitvagat khandon koo anya khandon kii tarah kaal, nishedh, poochtaachh vyutkram, roop, parimitata aadi key sandarbh mein sanshodhit kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, koee kaha sakata haye kii "ack bhagwan thaa", "koee bhagwan naheen haye" ("koee bhagwan naheen haye"), "kyaa koee bhagwan haye?"," ack bhagwan hoe sakata haye "," vaha vahaan ack bhagwan honey key liye chintit thaa "aadi.
pingelaapeez.
ack astitvagat vaakya micronesia kii pingelapi bhasha key bheetar judee chaar sanrachanaon mein seey ack haye. roop mein ack uttar-maukhik vishay crum kaa bhaari upayog kiya jaataa haye aur yeh bataata haye kii kyaa maujood haye yaa kyaa maujood naheen haye. kewal kuchh pingelaapeez kriyaon kaa upayog astitvavadi vaakya sanrachana key liye kiya jaataa haih "miney-" astitva mein honah "," sou-"astitva mein naheen honah", "dir-" badee sankhya mein astitva mein honah ", aur" derry-"samaapt honah. sabhi chaar kriyaon mein ack post-verble vishay samanya haye aur aamtaur parr ack kahani mein nae paatron kaa parichay dete hain. yadi ack charitra pahale seey hii gyaat haye, tou kriya kaa upayog poorv-maukhik sthiti mein kiya jaayega.
kabje kaa sanket.
kuchh bhaashaon mein, bhashai adhikaar (ack vyaapak arth mein) astitvagat khandon dwara ingit kiya jaataa haye, naa kii "haye" jaisi kriya dwara. udaaharan key liye, russie mein, "merey paas ack dost haye" koo vaakya dwara vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye "yuu menya east 'drugg", shaabdik roop seey "mujh parr ack dost haye. russie mein ack kriya haye "emate" jiska arth haye "haye", lekin yeh poorv vidhi kii tulanaa mein cumm upayog kii jaati haye.
anya udaharanon mein ayrish "(vahaan) (aeye) paine aitt mee" ("merey paas ack kalam haye" key liye) shamil haye. hangerian "(vahaan) ack machhali-merrie" ("merey paas ack machhali haye") aur turkey "dou notebook-merrie (vahaan)" ("merey paas dou notebook hain") haye. 
malties mein, samay key saath ack parivartan koo nott kiya gayaa haih "swatvabodhak nirmaan mein, vishay gunon koo abhidhaari sangya vakyansh seey swatvadhaari koo dichronical roop seey sthanantarit kiya gayaa haye, jabaki swami mein kriya samjhaute key roop koo chhodkar sabhi vishay guna hain joe ise trigger kartaa haye."

