
swabhaav kaa karyatmak samooh

swabhaav (aff. ee. tii.) kaa karyatmak samooh ack tantrika rasayanik model haye joe vyavhaar key viniyaman mein mukhya tantrika-sanchaarak pranaliyon kii vishisht karyatmak bhoomikaon kaa sujhaav detaa haye.
pahale key siddhant.
avasaad, chinta vikaar, schizophrenia aur anya mansik vikaaron key mamalon mein mastishk neurotransmitters kii rihaai koo davaaen samaayojit curr sakati hain kyonki neurotransmitter pranaliyon key bheetar asantulan logon key jeevan seey samjhauta karane vaale vyavhaar mein lagaatar visheshtaon key roop mein ubhar sakata haye. sabhi logon mein cumm seey cumm ack aisee tantrika-sanchaarak pranali mein iss tarah key asantulan kaa ack kamjor roop hotaa haye joe humm mein seey pratyek koo ack dusare seey alag banaata haye. tantrika rasayan vigyaan mein iss kamjor asantulan kaa prabhaav swasth logon (swabhaav) mein vyavhaar kii nirantar visheshtaon mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. iss arth mein swabhaav (tantrika-rasayanik-adharit vyaktigat antar key roop mein) aur mansik bimari vyavhaar sambandhi viniyaman kii tantrika-shaaririk pranaliyon mein tantrika-samvaahak asantulan kii ack hii nirantarta key saath alag-alag degree kaa pratinidhitva karate hain.
vaastav mein, kaee swabhaav lakshnon (jaise aaveg, samvedana kii talash, tantrika-vikaar, sahansheelata, plasticity, samajikta yaa bahishkaran) koo mastishk tantrika-sancharakon aur harmon pranaliyon seey jodaa gayaa haye.
20veen shatabdi key anta taka, yeh spasht hoe gayaa kii maanav mastishk ack darjan seey adhik neurotransmitter aur badee sankhya mein neuropeptides aur harmon key saath kaam kartaa haye. inn vibhinn rasayanik pranaliyon key beach sambandh jatil hain kyonki unamen seey kuchh dabaa dete hain aur unamen seey kuchh tantrika vinimay key dauran ack dusare kii rihaai koo prerit karate hain. sambandhon kii yeh jatilata "avarodhak banaam sambandh" nirdhaarit karane key puraane drishtikon kaa avamoolyan karati haye. tantrika-sancharakon key liye uttejak bhoomikaaenh vahee tantrika-sanchaarak yaa tou avarodhak yaa uttejak hoe sakate hain joe iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii way kiss pranali key saath baatchit karate hain. yeh spasht hoe gayaa kii vyavhaar sambandhi sthitiyon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala koo puuraa karane key liye tantrika-sancharakon aur unake receptors kii ack prabhaavshaali vividhata aavashyak haye, lekin swabhaav lakshnon aur vishisht tantrika-sancharakon key beach sambandh abhee bhee shodh kaa vishay haye. vishisht (ekal) lakshnon key liye vishisht (ekal) neurotransmitter nirdhaarit karane key kaee prayaas kiye gaye. udaaharan key liye, dopamine koo bahirvartan kii visheshta kaa ack neurotransmitter honey kaa prastaav diyaa gayaa thaa, noradrenaline koo chinta seey jodaa gayaa thaa, aur serotonin koo ack avrodh pranali kaa ack neurotransmitter maanaa gayaa thaa. neurotransmitter karyon key yeye kaary adhik vividh karyakshamta key sakshya kaa saamana karane parr ack atee saralikaran prateet hotey hain. 
germany mein petra netter, sweeden mein kairolinska sansthaan mein lars farde aur cambridge, britten mein traver robbins key netritva mein shodh samoohon ney swabhaav/vyaktitva lakshnon yaa vyavhaar key gatishil gunon aur tantrika sancharakon key samoohon key beach sambandhon kaa sabse vyaapak adhyayan kiya thaa.
bhroon model kaa vikas.
swabhaav (aff. ee. tii.) key karyatmak samooh kii vastukala koo trofimova dwara 1997-2007 mein swabhaav prashnavali (aiss. tii. kyu.-77) kii sanrachana key sankshipt sanskaran key roop mein vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. bhroon kii panktiyon key beach antar 1980 key dashak key madhya mein rusalov dwara prastaavit swabhaav kii sanrachana key liye gatividhi-vishisht drishtikon koo viraasat mein praapt kartaa haye. iss drishtikon key anusaar, gatividhiyon key motor-shaaririk, samajik-maukhik aur mansik pahaluon seey sambandhit swabhaav (aur vyavhaar sambandhi viniyaman) key lakshan vibhinn tantrika-shaaririk pranaliyon parr adharit hain aur unakaa alag seey mulyankan kiya jaanaa chaahiye (taaki aap inn 3 prakaar kii gatividhiyon seey sambandhit lakshnon koo 3 panktiyon mein alag dekh sakein). bhroon sanrachana kii 3-stambh sanrachana teen karyatmak tantrika-anatomic pranaliyon (samvedi-soochanaatmak, prograaming aur urjaavaan) key alekjendar luria siddhant kaa paalan karati haye aur karyatmak rachnaatmaktaa drishtikon key anuroop haye. yeh drishtikon sabhi vyavhaar koo vyakti kii kshamataon aur sthiti kii maangon key aadhar parr nae sire seey nirmit aur utpann kiye jaane key roop mein dekhta haye. 
antim aiss. tii. kyu.-77/aff. tii. model 12 pranaliyon (aur swabhaav lakshnon) parr vichaar kartaa haih 9 pranaaliyan (aur lakshan) vyavhaar key aupchaarik karyatmak pahaluon (urjaavaan, gatishil aur abhivinyas, pratyek kaa mulyankan teen kshetron (bauddhik, shaaririk aur samajik-maukhik) mein kiya jaataa haye, saath hii bhavanatmakta (tantrika-vikaar, aaveg aur santushti kaa swabhaav (jise pahale aatmavishvaas kahaa jaataa thaa) seey sambandhit 3 pranaliyon key saath (chitra dekhein).
trofimova aur rusalov key swabhaav key model (aur unake aiss. tii. kyu. key sanskaranon kii sanrachana) key beach antar hainh 
2007-2013 mein swabhaav key iss STQ-77 model kii sameeksha kii gaee aur neurophysiology, neurochemistry, clinical psychology aur kinesiology mein mukhya nishkarshon kii tulanaa kii gaee, jisake parinamswarup aim. see. aim. vishvavidyalaya kii irina trofimova dwara pesh kiye gaye neurochemical bhroon model kii tulanaa kii gaee. traver robbins, cambridge vishvavidyalaya, jinhone iss pariyojana parr trofimova key saath sahyog kiya thaa, ney bauddhik (mansik) sahansheelata (sangyanatmak manovigyaan mein "nirantar dhyaan" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) kii visheshta seey sambandhit bhroon tantrika rasayanik parikalpana key hisse key sanshodhan kaa sujhaav diyaa. bhroon parikalpana key iss tantrika rasayanik ghatak koo 2015 mein nirantar dhyaan mein acetylcholine aur noradrenaline kii ack pramukh bhoomika koo antarnihit karke unnat kiya gayaa thaa. farwari 2018 mein, dow. marina kolbeneva (manovigyaan sansthaan, russie vigyaan akadami) key sujhaav seey paimaane key aatmavishvaas kaa naam badalkar swabhaav santushti key paimaane key roop mein rakhaa gayaa.
model kaa avalokan.
antim stq-77/ft dhancha swabhaav lakshnon aur unake tantrika rasayanik biomarker koo 12 ghatakon mein vargeekrit kartaa haih vyavhaar key aupchaarik karyatmak pahaluon (urjaavaan, gatishil aur abhivinyas) koo niyantrit karane vaale nau ghatak, pratyek kaa mulyankan teen kshetron (bauddhik, shaaririk aur samajik-maukhik) mein kiya jaataa haye; bhavanatmakta seey sambandhit teen ghatak (tantrika-vikaar, aaveg aur santushti (aatmavishvaas)) (chitra dekhein) 
bhroon dhaanche ney nau gair-bhavanatmakta lakshnon koo dikhaane vaale maujooda saahitya koo sankshep mein prastut kiya haye joe monoemine (ma) (noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin), acetylcholine aur neuropeptide pranaliyon dwara niyantrit kiye jaate hain, jabaki teen bhavanatmakta seey sambandhit lakshan opioid receptors pranaliyon key ack viniyaman key roop mein ubharate hain jinka ma pranaliyon parr seedha niyantran hotaa haye. mahatvapurna roop seey, bhroon model seey pataa chalata haye kii antarnihit swabhaav lakshnon (yaa mansik vikaaron) key beach tantrika sanchaarak pranaliyon key beach koee ack-seey-ack patrachar naheen haye, lekin isake bajaay inn pranaliyon key beach vishisht saamoohik sambandh swabhaav lakshnon key roop mein ubharate hain. bhroon sanrachana kewal vyavhaar sambandhi viniyaman mein tantrika-sanchaarak kii bhoomika aur swabhaav key ghatakon kaa adhyayan karane vaale shodh mein sabse majboot sarvasammati binduon parr adharit haye; yeh inn kaee pranaliyon key beach adhik vivadaspad sambandhon koo soochibaddh naheen kartaa haye.
± neurotransmitter sistamah 5-echteeh serotonin; daah dopamine; neh noradrenaline; echeeh acetylcholine; glooh glutamate; auxih oxytosin; vsph vasopressin; nph neuropeptides; core, morr, dorah kappa-, myu-aur delta-opioid receptors anuroop roop seey; sains-sahaanubhootishil swaayatt tantrika tantra; hpa-hypothalamic-petutory-adrenal axis.
aff. ee. tii. bataata haye kii opioid receptor system naa kewal bhaavnaatmak swabhaav key viniyaman mein shamil hain, balki vyavhaar key teen gair-bhaavnaatmak pahaluon koo bhee badhaate hain (abhivinyas key liye core, karyon key ekikaran key liye door aur vyavhaar key anumodan-rakharkhaav key liye morr). endorphine koo baandhane vaali morr pranaliyon key liye iss bhagidari kii pushti kii gaee theeh prayogon seey pataa chalata haye kii morr atee uttejana hypothalamic serotonin aur mastishk seey praapt neurotrophic kaarak release koo prabhaavit karati haye aur vyavhaar key sahansheelata pahaluon koo prabhaavit karati haye. harmonal pranaliyon key bheetar paraspar kriya aur serotonin key saath isaki antahkriya bhee ack kaarak prateet hoti haye, jaise kii sherm aur aparaadhbodh jaisi samajik bhaavanaaen. 
mansik vikaaron kaa model aur vargeekaran.
vyavhaar key 12 karyatmak pahaluon kaa upayog karke manochikitsa vikaaron (dee. aiss. aim., aaee. see. dee.) key vargeekaran koo saral banaane key liye aff. ee. tii. dhaanche kaa prastaav kiya gayaa thaa, jinn parr yeh model prakaash daaltaa haye. naidaanik adhyayanon ney manovikriti vigyaan key vibhinn nidaanon key liye bhroon dhaanche kii achchi vibhedak shakti dikhaai. udaaharan key liye, avasaadgrast logon key swabhaav mein cumm sahansheelata aur manoprerak mandee thee. unake vipareet, saamaanyikrit chinta vikaar vaale rogiyon mein uchch aaveg aur tantrika-vikaar thaa. bhroon-vikaskartaon ney sujhaav diyaa kii dee. aiss. aim./aaee. see. dee. nidan mein pratyek lakshan koo ack vishisht bhroon code mein mapp kiya jaa sakata haye joe achchi tarah seey pralekhit tantrika-rasayanik pranaliyon key bheetar ack upeksha koo darshaata haye.

