lobengula

lobengula khumalo (see. 1845-see. 1894) uttari endebelle logon (aitihaasik roop seey angreji mein matabelle kahaa jaataa haye) kaa doosara aur antim aadhikarik raajaa thaa. endebelle bhasha mein donon naamon kaa arth haye "lambi dhaal key purush", joe endebelle yoddhaon key enguni dhaal key upayog kaa sandarbh haye.
prishthabhoomi.
matabelle zulu logon key ack gutt key vanshaj they joe shaaka key shasankal key dauran "muffecane" ("kuchalana") yaa "difakane" ("bikhare hue") key baad uttar seey bhaag gaye they. shaaka key senapati, majilikaazi ney apane anuyaayiyon koo zulu kshetra seey door leey jaaya. 1830 key dashak key anta mein, way paschimi zimbabwe mein abb jise matabelland kahaa jaataa haye, mein buss gaye, lekin unhone bahut vyaapak kshetra parr samprabhuta kaa daavaa kiya.
janjaati key sadasyon koo baahari logon key khilaf ack visheshaadhikaar praapt sthiti thee, jinka jeevan raajaa kii ichcha key adheen thaa. haalaanki, apane visheshadhikaron key badale mein, purushon aur mahilaaon donon koo padanukram key bheetar ack sakht anushasana aur sthiti key adheen honah padaa. joe samaaj key baaki hisson key prati apane kartavyon aur jimmedariyon koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye. kissy bhee samajik jimmedaari key ullanghan koo maut kii sajaa dee jaati thee, joe raajaa key shayed hii kabhi diye jaane vaale muaavaje key adheen thaa. yeh kadaa anushasana aur wafadari apane padosiyon parr haavi honey mein endebelle kii safalata kaa rahasya thaa.
janmasiddh adhikaar.
1868 mein, endebelle rashtra key pahale raajaa, majilikaazi kii mrityu key baad, "izinduna" yaa pramukhon ney lobengula koo taaj kii peshkash kii, joe ack nimn patni seey majilikaazi key beton mein seey ack thaa. pramukh mbico masuku key netritva mein kaee impis (resiment) ney lobengula key chadhaai parr vivaad kiya, aur iss sawal kaa faisala antatah essegai key madhyasthata dwara kiya gayaa, jisamen lobengula aur usake impis ney vidrohiyon koo kuchal diyaa. yuddh mein lobengula key saahas key kaaran raajaa key roop mein unakaa sarvasammat chayan huaa.
rajyabhishek.
lobengula kaa rajyabhishek pramukh sainya shaharon mein seey ack, mhalahlandela mein huaa. endebelle rashtra ack badey ardhvritt key roop mein ikattha huaa, ack yuddh nritya kiya, aur lobengula key liye ladane aur marane kii apani ichcha ghoshit kii. badee sankhya mein maveshiyon kaa vadh kiya gayaa, aur sabse pasandida maans koo aadhyatmik netaa, mlimo aur mrit majilikaazi koo diyaa gayaa. badee matra mein bajra bear kaa bhee sevan kiya jaataa thaa.
poorna yuddh poshak mein lagbhag 10,000 matabelle yoddhaon ney lobengula key mukut mein bhaag liya. unaki veshbhusha mein ack shirastraan aur kaale shuturmurg key pankhon seey banaa chhota cape, tendue yaa anya khaal seey banaa ack kilt aur safed maveshiyon kii poonchh seey alankrit thaa. way apani baahon key chaaron or samaan poonchh pahanate they aur apane takhnon key chaaron or way peetal aur anya dhatuon key angoothe pahanate they. unake hathiyaron mein fenkane key liye ack yaa adhik lambe bhaale aur ack chhota chaku-bhaala yaa essegai (zulu logon kaa pramukh hathiyar bhee) shamil thaa. raksha key liye, way bail-khaal kii badee andakar dhaal leey jaate they, yaa tou kaale, safed, laal, yaa unake dwara sambandhit impy (resiment) key anusaar dhabbe.
senaa mein adhik aakar aur tanga anushasana key kaaran endebelle ney apani sthiti banaae rakhee, jisake liye janjaati mein pratyek saksham vyakti koo seva karni thee. "40 resiments mein 15,000 purushon seey yukt endebelle senaa, lobengula kii rajdhani bulavayo key aspas sthit thee."
niyam.
1870 mein lobengula ney surr johnn swinburn kii landan aur limpopo khanan company koo shashe aur ramkwani nadiyon key beach taati nadee key saath matabelland key charam dakshin-paschim mein bhoomi key ack kshetra mein soney aur anya khanijon kii khoj kaa adhikaar diyaa, jise taati riyayat key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. haalaanki, yeh lagbhag 1890 taka naheen thaa kii kshetra mein koee mahatvapurna khanan shuru huaa.
lobengula shwet shikariyon key prati sahishnu thaa joe matabelland mein aae they; vaha itani door taka jaataa kii apani janjaati key una logon koo dandit kartaa joe shweton koo dhamki dete they. haalaanki, jaba ack british dall (francis thompson, charles rudd aur roachfort magwire) 1888 mein unhein apane kshetra key atirikt hisson mein khanijon kii khudai kaa adhikaar dene key liye manaane kii koshish karane aaya, tou vaha baatchit mein pravesh karane key baare mein savdhan thaa. lobengula ney apana samjhauta tabhi kiya jaba unake dost, leander starr jameson, ack yogya chikitsa doctor, jinhone ack baar gathiya key liye lobengula kaa ilaaj kiya thaa, ney ack pratigya key alawa matabelle key liye paise aur hathiyar surakshit karane kaa prastaav rakhaa kii koee bhee loga joe khudai karane key liye aayega, usey usake raajya mein rahane vaalaa maanaa jaayega. iss samjhaute key hisse key roop mein, aur angrejon key aagrah parr, naa tou boaron aur naa hii purtagaliyon koo matabelland mein basane yaa riyaayaten praapt karane kii anumati dee jaayegi. haalaanki, lobengula anpadh thaa aur usey iss baat kii jaankaari naheen thee kii yeh anubandh usake desh key liye kitna hanikarak thaa, lekin kewal usa anubandh kii vaastavik sharton kaa pataa chalaa jiss parr usane hastakshar kiye they kyonki usaki praja koo pataa chalaa thaa. iss afwah kii pushti karane key liye dostana angreji missionaryon key paas jaane key baad, lobengula ney british raani, victoria key paas dou doot bheje, lekin yeh vyarth saabit huaa. bandargah parr alfred beat key sahyogiyon ney unhein deree seey bheja. ack antim upaay key roop mein, lobengula ney 23 aprail 1889 koo raani key anubandh kaa aupchaarik roop seey virodh kiya. raani key salaahkaar kii pratikriya key roop mein, lobengula koo bataaya gayaa kii "unake liye gorey purushon koo baahar karna asambhav thaa. lobengula ney raani victoria koo soochit kiya kii vaha aur usake induna anubandh koo pehchaan lenge kyonki unakaa maanana haye kii unhein dhokha diyaa gayaa thaa. 25 saal kii rudd riyayat parr 30 octuber 1888 koo lobengula dwara hastakshar kiye gaye they.
matabelle yuddh.
pahala matabelle yuddh octuber 1893 mein shuru huaa, aur british dakshin africa company key bhaari sainya bull ney endebelle yoddhaon key liye vinashkari nuksan kaa kaaran banaa, vishesh roop seey shangani kii ladaai mein. disambar 1893 kii shuruat mein, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii lobengula bahut beemar thaa, lekin 1894 kii shuruat mein unaki mrityu koo kaee maheenon taka gupt rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur unaki mrityu kaa kaaran anishchit haye. 
octuber 1897 taka, shwet upaniveshvaadi baad mein rhodesia key roop mein jaane jaane vaale adhikansh kshetra mein safaltapurvak buss gaye they, aur matabelland abb naheen thaa.
vyaktigat jeevan.
unaki 20 seey adhik patniyaan theen, sambhavatah kaee aur; unamen zvaalile, gaaja samrajya key raajaa mazila kii betty aur lojikei theen.

