
naachez, mississippi kaa itihas

nachez shahar, mississippi kii sthaapana 1716 mein fort rozali key roop mein kii gaee thee, aur 1763 mein nachez logon key liye iska naam badal diyaa gayaa thaa.
poorv-europeeya basti (1716 taka).
puraataatvik utkhanan key anusaar, iss kshetra mein 8veen shatabdi seey lagaatar swadeshi logon kii vibhinn sanskritiyon kaa nivaas rhaa haye.dee. naachez key mool sthal koo ack pramukh gaanv key roop mein aupchaarik munch key teelon key saath vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, jise pragaitihasik plackwemine sanskriti key logon dwara banaaya gayaa thaa, joe prabhaavshaali mississipian sanskriti kaa hissa haye aur lagbhag 700 esvi seey iss kshetra mein sakriya haye. puraataatvik sakshya seey pataa chalata haye kii unhone 1200 taka teen mukhya mitty key teelon kaa nirmaan shuru curr diyaa thaa. 15veen shatabdi key madhya mein atirikt kaam kiya gayaa thaa.
17veen shatabdi key anta aur 18veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka, plaquemine sanskriti key vanshajon, naachez (uchchaaran "nochi") ney iss sthal parr kabja curr liya. panne key tealey key kshetra koo chhodane key baad unhone ise apane pramukh aupchaarik kendra key roop mein istemal kiya. unhone teelon mein jodaa, jisamen unake pramukh key liye ack nivaas, tealey parr "mahaan soorya", aur tealey see parr abhijaat varg key liye ack sanyukt mandir aur charnell house shamil thaa.
hernando dee soto, laa saile aur bienville sahit kaee praarambhik europeeya khojkartaon ney iss sthal parr naachez key saath sampark kiya, jise naachez kaa bhavya gaanv kahaa jaataa haye. unake khaaton mein samaaj aur gaanv kaa vivaran diyaa gayaa thaa.
sabse gahan vivaran francisi upaniveshvadiyon antoine-saiman leey pays doo praatz dwara likhaa gayaa thaa, joe kaee varshon taka naachez key paas rahate they, apani bhasha seekhate they aur netaaon seey dosti karate they. unhone 1725 mein yuddh pramukh key antim sanskar koo dekhaa, jisamen francisi mein taitu kiye gaye sarp ("sarp pquay") kaa ullekh thaa.) naachez ney ack padaanukramit samaaj banaae rakhaa, joe kulinon aur aam logon mein vibhajit thaa, jisamen matrivanshiya vansh key anusaar loga sambaddh they. sarvocch pramukh, jise "mahaan soorya" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, apani maan key pada parr rahey. unake agale sabse badey bhaai ney taitu vaale saamp key roop mein kaam kiya.
naachez key bhavya gaanv kaa sthal ack rashtriya aitihaasik sthal key roop mein sanrakshit haye; ise abhilekhagar aur itihas key mississippi vibhaag dwara banaae rakhaa jaataa haye. iss sthal mein teelon aur gaanv kii kalakritiyon key saath ack sangrahalaya shamil haye. maidan parr ack picnic mandap aur paidal chalane key raaste bhee upalabdh hain. paas kaa panna teela bhee naachez aur unake poorvajon kaa ack rashtriya aitihaasik sthal haye.
aupaniveshik itihas (1716-1783).
1716 mein francisi ney vyaparik chauki kii raksha key liye kille rosley kii sthaapana kii, joe dou saal pahale naachez kshetra mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. sthaayi francisi bastiyon aur baganon koo baad mein kille seey ack khatarnak doori parr aur mahatvapurna sthaaniya sthaanon key paas vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. naachez coloney" key francisi nivasi aksar bhoomi upayog aur sansadhanon koo laker naachez logon key saath sangharsh mein aaa jaate they. yeh kaee naachez bastiyon mein seey ack thee; anya poorvottar mein sthit theen. naachez teji seey francisi samarthak aur angreji samarthak guton mein vibhajit hoe gaye; joe loga adhik door they, unake angreji vyapariyon key saath adhik sambandh they, joe poorv mein british upaniveshon seey iss kshetra mein aae they.
kaee chhote yuddhon key baad, natshez (chikasau aur yaju key saath) ney navambar 1729 mein francisi koo khatm karane key liye ack yuddh shuru kiya. ise europeeya logon dwara "natshez yuddh" yaa natshez vidroh key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. bhaartiyon ney natshez mein francisi upanivesh aur kshetra kii anya bastiyon koo nasht curr diyaa. 29 navambar, 1729 koo, naachez indiance ney kull 229 francisi upaniveshvadiyon koo maar daalah 138 purush, 35 mahilaaen aur 56 bachche (mississippi key itihas mein ack bhaaratiya hamale seey sabse badee maut). unhone adhikansh mahilaaon aur bachchon koo bandee banaa liya. francisi apane bhaaratiya sahyogiyon key saath agale dou varshon mein baar-baar naachez parr hamla karate rahey, jisake parinamswarup adhikansh naachez bhaaratiya maare gaye, gulam banaae gaye yaa sharanarthiyon key roop mein bhaagne key liye majboor hue. 1731 mein netaa aur kaee sou naachez key aatmasamarpan key baad, francisi apane kaidiyon koo nyu orleans leey gaye, jahan unhein jabaran gulamon key roop mein becha gayaa aur francisi pradhaan mantri maurepas key adesh key anusaar sent-doming key carribean baganon mein majdooron key roop mein bheja gayaa.
daasata seey bachane vaale kaee naachez ney khaadi aur cheroki logon key saath sharan lii, antatah apane logon mein avashoshit hoe gaye. naachez diaspora key vanshajon ney ack samprabhu paaramparik sarkaar key saath, naachez rashtra key roop mein punargathit aur jeevit rahey hain, joe ack sandhi janjaati aur sanghiya roop seey maanyata praapt maskogi (khaadi) rashtra kaa sangh haye.
saat saal key yuddh key baad, 1763 mein kilaa rosley aur aspas key shahar, jiska naam badalkar parajit janjaati curr diyaa gayaa, british shasson key adheen aaa gayaa. british taaj ney yuddh mein vishishtata key saath seva karane vaale adhikaariyon koo iss kshetra mein bhoomi anudan pradaan kiya. yeye adhikaari jyaadaatar newyork, nyu jersey aur pensylvania kii coloniyon seey aae they. unhone bagan sthaapit kiye aur apani uchch varg kii jeevan shally koo iss kshetra mein laaya. 1774 seey pahale, lord dartmouth, joe upaniveshon key liye raajya key sachiv they aur vyaapaar key pichhale pahale swami they, ney safed chattanon parr naachez key neeche ack nagrik sarkaar koo baithane parr vichaar kiya, joe pensacola koo report karane vaale leftinent governor kaa nivaas hoga. montfort braun ney 1769 mein naachez kaa daura kiya, jaba vaha paschim florida key leftinent governor they; unhein naachez key paas ack anudan praapt huaa. philadelphia seey 5 agast, 1773 key bernard romanon key maanchitra "prastaav" ney sambhaavit grahakon koo sanket diyaa kii ack uddeshya naachez seey muhaane taka mississippi nadee kaa maanchitra banaana thaa. 1760 aur 1770 key dashak key dauran, naachez key vyapariyon ney anya vyapariyon jaise kii mobile aur anya key mcillivery aur struther key liye bhaaratiya vyaapaar koo sambhala. 16 farwari, 1779 koo landan mein british adhikaariyon koo paschim florida key maalikon, vyapariyon aur basane vaalon seey nutchase mein sthaaniya adalaton koo anudan dene, vanijya koo protsaahit karane aur bhoomi anudan sudhaar karane key liye kaee yaachikaaen praapt huin.
spanish commander, juan dee laa villebraveray ney 7 sitambar, 1779 koo kille parr vijay praapt kii, aur baad mein spanish aupaniveshik shasson sthaapit karane key liye batton rooj aur naachez key kille painmure mein garrison parr vijay praapt kii, lekin ack naachez wafadar milicia ney unhein maee 1781 mein kille painmure koo aatmasamarpan karane key liye majboor curr diyaa. kuchh dinon baad pensacola british dwara khou diyaa gayaa aur naachez vidroh dhwast hoe gayaa. americi krantikari yuddh mein haar key baad, grate britten ney peris kii sandhi (1783) kii sharton key tahat sanyukt raajya koo kshetra saunp diyaa. spen sandhi kaa paksh naheen thaa, aur yeh unaki senaayen theen jinhone british sainikon seey naachez koo leey liya thaa. haalaanki spen americi upaniveshvadiyon key saath gathbandhan curr chuka thaa, way britten kii keemat parr apani shakti koo aage badhaane mein adhik ruchi rakhate they. ack baar yuddh samaapt honey key baad, way balpurvak praapt kiye gaye saman koo chhodane key liye ichchuk naheen they.
1797 mein sanyukt raajya america key pramukh andru elecott ney yuva shahar naachez mein sabse oonchi katak kii or cooch kiya, shivir sthaapit kiya, aur sanyukt raajya key liye 31 vein samanantar key oopar naachez aur mississippi key poorv mein sabhi poorv spanish bhoomi kaa daavaa karane vaalaa pahala americi jhanda faharaaya.
1784 mein kii gaee nachez jile kii janganana mein 498 kaale daason sahit 1,619 logon kii ginati kii gaee.
antibellum (1783-1860).
18veen shatabdi key anta mein, natches, naachez trace overland maarg kaa praarambhik bindu thaa, ack mool americi maarg joe pravaasi jaanvaron dwara sthaapit ack maarg kaa anusaran kartaa thaa, sabse adhik sambhavana haye kii bhains, joe natches seey nashville taka jaati thee joe abb mississippi, alabama aur tenacy hain. utpaad aur saamanon koo mississippi nadee parr flatboatman aur keelboatman dwara leey jaaya jaataa thaa, joe aamtaur parr apane maal koo natches yaa nyu orleans mein bechate they, jisamen unaki naaven (lakadi key roop mein) bhee shamil theen. unhone uttar mein vaapas apane gharon taka lambi paidal yatra kii, joe natches trace parr haye. naavikon koo sthaaniya roop seey "cantux" kahaa jaataa thaa kyonki way aamtaur parr kentucky seey they, halanki unaki sankhya key beach poori ohiyo nadee ghaati kaa achchi tarah seey pratinidhitva kiya gayaa thaa. 1820 key dashak mein bhaap kii naukaaon key vikas taka nadee parr uttar kii or (dhaara key khilaf) nauvahan kii anumati dene taka nishan kii bhaari yatra kii gaee thee.
shaahi adesh dwara roman catholic church ney 11 aprail, 1788 koo ameer badhai seey kille key paas 300 teer chaukor khareede.
27 octuber, 1795 koo yuu.aiss. aur spanish ney saine lorenzo kii sandhi parr hastakshar kiye, jisase unake dashak bhar key seema vivaad kaa niptara huaa. naachez key sabhi spanish daavon koo aupchaarik roop seey sanyukt raajya america key samaksh aatmasamarpan curr diyaa gayaa thaa. aadhikarik adesh vahaan spanish senaa taka pahunchane seey pahale dou saal seey adhik samay beet gayaa. 1797 kii shuruat mein, treasury vibhaag ney nyu orleans vyaapaari, robbert kochran key madhyam seey natches koo 2,200 dollar kii aapoorti bheji. spanish adhikaariyon ney vanijya aur sadakon, lott aur bluff key vikas key liye sakht niyamon kaa prayog kiya, lekin 30 march, 1798 koo kaptan isaq guyan key netritva mein sanyukt raajya senaa key samaksh naachez shahar key kille aur kabje koo aatmasamarpan curr diyaa.
ack saptah baad, naachez addam prashaasan dwara banaae gaye nae mississippi kshetra kii pahali rajdhani bunn gaee. 10 march, 1803 koo kshetriya sabhaa ney shahar koo shamil kiya. kshetriya rajdhani key roop mein kaee varshon taka seva karane key baad, kshetra ney poorv mein addams county mein bhee washington naamak ack naee rajdhani kaa nirmaan kiya. lagbhag 15 varshon key baad, vidhaayika ney 1817 key anta mein rajdhani koo vaapas naachez mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, jaba kshetra koo ack raajya key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. baad mein rajdhani koo washington koo vaapas curr diyaa gayaa. jaise hii raajya kaa jansankhya kendra uttar aur poorv mein sthanantarit huaa aur adhik basane vaale iss kshetra mein pravesh curr rahey they, vidhaayika ney 1822 mein rajdhani koo adhik kendriya roop seey sthit shahar jackson mein sthanantarit karane key liye matdan kiya. 1830 mein naachez kii aabaadi 2,789 thee. saimuel kapas, naachez harber master ney varsh 1829 key liye 383 bhaap jahaajon, 10 keelbot aur 868 flatboat seey sangrah kii soochana dee.
unnisvin shatabdi kii shuruat mein, natshez yuva raajya key liye aarthik gatividhi kaa kendra thaa. mississippi nadee key purvi tata parr uchch bluffs parr isaki ranneetik sthiti ney ise ack halchal vaale bandargah key roop mein vikasit karane mein saksham banaaya. natchase mein, kaee sthaaniya bagan maalikon ney apani kapas koo utarane parr steamboat parr bharaa huaa thaa jise natchase under-dha-hill key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, jise nyu orleans yaa kabhi-kabhi, oopar seey sent taka leey jaaya jaataa thaa. lui yaa sinsinati. kapas koo becha aur nyu ingland, newyork aur europeeya kataai aur kapada milon koo bheja gayaa.
dakshin carolina aur georgia key samudri dweepon key saath-saath naachez jile ney sanyukt raajya mein kapas krishi kaa beedaa uthaaya. unnisvin shatabdi kii shuruat mein chhoti-pramukh kapas kii naee sankar naslon key banane taka, una dou kshetron key alawa sanyukt raajya america mein kaheen bhee kapas ugaana laabhprad naheen thaa. halanki dakshin carolina ney athaarahavin shatabdi mein aur dakshin mein kapas key bagan sanskriti parr prabhutva jamaaya thaa, yeh natches jilaa thaa jisane pahali baar sankaran key saath prayog kiya, jisase kapas mein uchhaal sambhav huaa. itihaskaron ney gahare dakshin mein kapas key vistaar key pramukh hisse kaa shreya ellie whiteney key kapas key vikas koo diyaa haye; isane chhote-pramukh kapas key liye prasanskaran laagat koo cumm curr diyaa, jisase yeh kheti key liye laabhdaayak hoe gayaa. yeh usa tarah kaa kapas thaa jise oopari ilaakon mein aur gahare dakshin key poore black belt mein ugaaya jaa sakata thaa. kapas baganon kaa vikas teji seey huaa, jisase dakshin mein daason kii maang badh gaee. way gharelu daas vyaapaar mein mukhya roop seey oopari dakshin seey beche jaate they.
kapas udyog key vikas ney kaee nae safed basane vaalon koo mississippi kii or aakarshit kiya, jinhone apani bhoomi key liye chuckto key saath pratispardha kii. bhoomi adhigrahan key bavjood, basane vaalon ney choktav kshetra parr atikraman karna jaari rakhaa, jisase sangharsh huaa. 1828 mein rashtrapati andru jackson key chunaav key saath, unhone bhaaratiya hataane key liye dabaav daala, ack adhiniyam koo congress dwara paarit karane key liye adhikrit kiya kii 1830 mein, sarkaar ney 1831 mein dakshinpurvi bhaartiyon koo bhaaratiya kshetra mein mississippi nadee key paschim kii bhoomi parr hataana shuru kiya. agale dou varshon mein lagbhag 15,000 chocto ney apani paaramparik matribhoomi chhod dee.
nadee key mississippi kinare parr naachez key aspas kaa ilaka pahaadi haye. yeh shahar mississippi nadee key oopar ack oonchi choti parr sthit haye; nadee key kinare taka pahunchane key liye, kissy koo bhee silver street naamak landing key liye ack khadee sadak seey neeche jaanaa hoga, joe vidalia, louisiana shahar key aspas kii nadee mein paae jaane vaale sapaat "delta" nichale kshetra key vipareet haye. isake praarambhik bagan abhijaat varg ney kaee poorv-nirmit haveli aur sampadaon kaa nirmaan kiya. louisiana mein kaee baganon key swaamitva mein they, lekin unhone mississippi mein uchch bhoomi parr apane gharon kaa pataa lagaane kaa faisala kiya. grihyuddh seey pahale, sanyukt raajya america key kissy bhee anya shahar kii tulanaa mein naachez key paas adhik karodpati they. yahaan aksar aaron barr, heinry clay, andreau jackson, zaachari teller, eulysis jaise prasiddh loga aatey they. grant, jefferson davis, winfield scott aur johnn james audubon. aaj shahar mein yeh daavaa kiya jaataa haye kii yuu. aiss. mein kissy bhee anya shahar kii tulanaa mein isamen adhik antibellum ghar hain.aiss.jaisa kii grihyuddh key dauran natches koo kaee anya dakshini shaharon key vinash seey bachaaya gayaa thaa.
sadak bajar key kaante mein daason kii bikri kii sabse adhik matra natches mein thee, aur natches mein mississippi mein sabse sakriya daas vyaapaar bajar thaa. isase shahar kii sampatti bhee badhee. bajar, joe usa samay washington street thaa, vishesh roop seey taba mahatvapurna hoe gayaa jaba gulam vyapariyon ney 1823 mein tenacy key isaq franklin aur virginia key johnn armfield ney bhoomi kharidi. hajaaron gulam bajar seey gujarate hue, virginia aur oopari dakshin seey (kaee bhoomi key oopar seey chalate hue) leey jaaya gayaa, aur gahare dakshin mein baganon key liye niyat kiya gayaa. iss jabaran pravaas mein, duss laakh seey adhik ashwet americi koo unake parivaaron seey gulam banaa liya gayaa aur dakshin kii or sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. 1863 kii garmiyon taka bajar mein sabhi vyaapaar bund hoe gaye, jaba sangh key sainikon ney naachez parr kabja curr liya.
1845 seey pahale aur nachez sansthaan kii sthaapana seey pahale, shahar key kuleen nivasi kewal vahee they joe apane bachchon key liye aupchaarik shiksha kaa kharch uthaa sakate they. haalaanki kaee maataa-pitaa key paas khud bahut adhik schooly shiksha naheen thee, way apane bachchon koo gunavattapurna shiksha pradaan karane key liye utsuk they. 1801 mein shahar mein school khole gaye, lekin kaee sabse dhanee parivaaron ney niji shikshakon yaa raajya seey baahar key sansthanon parr bharosa karna jaari rakhaa, kuchh apane bachchon koo ingland aur scotland taka bhejate rahey. shahar ney baaki gorey nivaasiyon koo muft shiksha pradaan karane key liye naachez sansthaan kii sthaapana kii. yadyapi vibhinn aarthik prishthabhoomi key bachche shiksha praapt curr sakate they, lekin chhatron key beach varg matbhed baney rahey, vishesh roop seey school kii pasand aur samajik sambandhon key mamle mein. haalaanki ise avaidh maanaa jaataa thaa, kaale gulam bachchon koo aksar varnamala sikhai jaati thee aur unake safed khilaadiyon dwara niji gharon mein bible padhee jaati thee.
gulami key yug key dauran rung key swatantra vyaktiyon kii ack badee sankhya key saath ack kshetra honey key roop mein naachez kaa ack bahut hii anootha itihas bhee haye. 1850 aur 1860 kii janganana key record seey pataa chalata haye kii antibellum yug mein rung key lagbhag 85 pratishat swatantra loga mulato they; safed narr bagan pitaa aur gulam yaa mukt kaali mahilaaon kii santan jinhen poorv ney mukt kiya thaa. mishrit daud mukt rung key logon ney kaee tarikon seey dhana arjit kiya. aksar unake bagan karane vaale safed purush pitaa unhein viraasat dete they yaa unake aadhe parivaar key sadasyon ney unhein vyavasaay mein sthaapit kiya. naachez samudaay key bheetar kuchh pramukh rung key swatantra logon mein villium johnson, robbert doubleu jaise loga shamil hain. fitzagh, villium mackery aur luis winston. robbert aich. lakadi, ack aur pramukh rung mukt vyakti thaa. vaha naachez key mahapour baney joe thheek vahee pada thaa jiss parr unake safed bagan malik pitaa robbert wood ney kaee saal pahale kabja curr liya thaa. shuru mein yeh maanaa jaataa thaa kii aadhunik kaal key baad key samay mein rung key swatantra logon key paas unaki sthiti kii parwah kiye binaa bahut saare nagrik adhikaaron kii kamee thee. haal key dashakon mein adalat aur sarkari record key madhyam seey kiye gaye shodh ney kaafee hudd taka pradarshit kiya haye kii rung key swatantra logon kii ameer sampatti key liye yeh asatya haye. dhana key malik honey aur purvakaal mein sabse ameer shwet parivaaron dwara samaan roop seey shamil kiye jaane seey kuchh aise rung key logon koo pratishtha aur shakti kii ack durlabh matra millie jinake paas yeh paristhiti thee. villium johnson, ack prasiddh rung kaa swatantra vyakti, naachez samaaj dwara ack bagan malik key roop mein maanyata praapt karane kaa prayaas kartaa haye; archie williams, ack rung kaa swatantra vyakti joe naachez ms kaa bhee thaa, koo samaaj mein ack bagan malik key roop mein maanyata dee gaee thee kyonki vaha naachez key david persey williams kaa betaa thaa aur usey apani sampatti kaa ack badaa hissa viraasat mein milaa thaa. apane parivaar key safed paksh key archie williams koo 1760 key dashak mein apane mahaan daadaa david williams key saath shuru honey seey pahale kaee peedhiyon key liye iss kshetra mein sabse dhanee logon mein seey ack key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. archie williams 1800 key dashak mein kuchh karodpatiyon (vishesh roop seey mishrit-nasl yaa kaale karodpatiyon) mein seey ack they, kyonki winthrop sargent kii bahu million dollar kii sampatti mein unake viraasat mein mille hisse key kaaran, joe apane daadaa key sautele pitaa they, ney apane daadaa key liye ack sautele pitaa they, ney apane daadaa key liye ack swatantra vyakti key roop mein kaushal arjit kiya thaa. antibellum yug key rung key swatantra vyaktiyon key kuchh vanshaj naachez, mississippi kshetra mein abhee bhee hain. robbert wood key vanshaj mccull antim sanskar ghar key malik hain. anton aar. kalaamaazu aur grand rapids key williams, mishigan koo archie pee key vanshaj key roop mein sampatti viraasat mein millie. williams aur apane grand rapids, mishigan aur kalaamaazu, mishigan key mukhyalaya seey naachez, mississippi aur aspas key kshetra mein vibhinn tail aur gais, achal sampatti aur lakadi key bhoomi vyavasaay kaa sanchaalan karna jaari rakhate hain.
americi grihyuddh (1861-1865).
grihyuddh key dauran, naachez kaafee hudd taka binaa kissy nuksan key rahey. shahar ney dhwaj-adhikaari david jee key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. maee 1862 mein nyu orleans key girane key baad farragut. dou nagrik, ack bujurg aadami aur rosaili beakman naam kii ack aathh varsheeya ladki, maare gaye they jaba ack sangh ney nadee seey shahar parr golabari kii thee. aadami kii maut dill kaa daura padane seey hui aur rosley koo ack khol key tukade seey maar diyaa gayaa. ulysses aiss key tahat sangh key sanic. anudan ney 1863 mein naachez parr kabja curr liya; anudan ney naachez haveli rosali mein apana asthaayi mukhyalaya sthaapit kiya.
kuchh naachez nivasi sanghiya adhikaariyon key khilaf rahey. 1864 mein, naachez key diosis key catholic bishap, villium heinry elder ney apane paadari koo sanyukt raajya key rashtrapati key liye prarthana karane key liye majboor karane key liye ack sanghiya adesh kaa paalan karane seey incar curr diyaa. yuu.aiss. adhikaariyon ney bujurg koo giraftar kiya, usey kuchh samay key liye jail mein daal diyaa aur usey nadee key paar sangh dwara niyantrit videlia mein nirvaasit curr diyaa. bujurg koo antatah naachez lautane aur vahaan apane lipic kartavyon koo phir seey shuru karane kii anumati dee gaee. unhone 1880 taka seva kii, jaba unhein sinsinati key archbishop key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa.
ellen shields key sansmaran seey shahar key yanki sainya kabje key prati ack dakshini mahila kii pratikriyaon kaa pataa chalata haye. shields kaa sansmaran yuddh key dauran dakshini samaaj kii uthal-puthal koo chitrit kartaa haye. kyonki dakshini purush yuddh mein anupasthit they, kaee kuleen mahilaaon koo yanki logon seey nipatane key liye apani varg-adharit naritva aur yaun appeal kaa abhyaas karna padaa.
1860 mein, naachez kshetra mein aise bagan they joe sabhi utsaahi sangh naheen they. apvaadon mein dakshin mein kaafee haal hii mein aagaman, algaav kaa virodh karane vaale purush aur kuchh joe uttar mein samajik aur aarthik sambandh rakhate they. inn bagan maalikon key paas dakshin key prati ack majboot bhaavnaatmak lagaav kii kamee thee; lekin jaba yuddh aaya, tou unake kaee bete aur bhatije vaise bhee sangh kii senaa mein shamil hoe gaye. charles dahlgren haal key pravasiyon mein seey they; philadelphia seey, unhone yuddh seey pahale apana bhaagya banaaya thaa. unhone sangh kaa samarthan kiya aur ack brigade kaa netritva kiya, lekin khaadi tata kii raksha karane mein whiffle rahane key liye unaki aalochana kii gaee. jaba yanki aae, tou way yuddh kii avadhi key liye georgia chaley gaye. way 1865 mein laute lekin kabhi bhee apane bhaagya koo vaapas naheen liya. unhein diwalia ghoshit karna padaa, aur 1870 mein unhone haar maan lii aur newyork shahar chaley gaye.
julaai 1863 mein wixberg kii ladaai mein sangh kii jeet key baad, mukti kii ghoshana seey mukt poorv daason sahit kaee sharanarthiyon ney naachez aur aspas key graameen ilaakon mein jaanaa shuru curr diyaa. sangh senaa key adhikaariyon ney sansadhanon kii kamee aur sharanarthiyon koo pradaan karane mein asamarth honey kaa daavaa kiya. senaa ney sarkari patte parr diye gaye baganon parr mukt kiye gaye daason key liye bhugtan kiye gaye shram key mishran key saath sthiti koo sambodhit karane kii yojana banaai, saksham shaaririk purushon kii soochi joe sangh senaa mein ladane key liye taiyar they aur sharanarthi shiviron kii sthaapana jahaan poorv daason koo shiksha pradaan kii jaa sakati thee. haalaanki, jaise-jaise yuddh jaari rhaa, yojana koo kabhi bhee prabhaavi dhang seey lagu naheen kiya gayaa aur patte parr diye gaye baganon kaa prabandhan kharaab thaa aur aspas key kshetra koo niyantrit karane vaale sangh key sainikon dwara aksar chhaape maare jaate they. iss avadhi key dauran nutchase mein rahane vaale saikadon loga, jinamen kaee poorv gulam aur sharanarthi shamil they, bhookh, bimari seey marr gaye yaa iss avadhi key dauran ladaai mein maare gaye.
yuddh kii avadhi key dauran natchase koo donon pakshon dwara "tradiville" upnaam diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki yeh apane nishiddh vyaapaar key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa.
yuddh key baad safed naachez nivasi bahut adhik samarthak sangh bunn gaye. khoye hue kaaran kaa mithak dakshin kii haar key saath samjhauta karane key saadhan key roop mein utpann huaa. yeh jaldi hii ack nishchit vichardhara bunn gaee, joe utsav gatividhiyon, bhashanon, clubon aur moortiyon seey majboot hui. parampara key nirmaan aur rakharkhaav key liye samarpit pramukh sangathan sangh aur sanyukt sangh key diggajon kii sanyukt betiyaan theen. naachez aur anya shaharon mein, halanki sthaaniya samachar patron aur yuddh key diggajon ney khoye hue kaaran key rakharkhaav mein bhoomika nibhai, kuleen shwet mahilaaen vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna theen-vishesh roop seey kabristan aur smaarak sthaapit karane mein, jaise kii smaarak divas 1890 parr samarpit grih yuddh smaarak. khoye hue kaaran ney (shwet) gair-ladaakon koo dakshini itihas key punarnirdharan mein jalvibhaajak ghatana kaa daavaa karane mein saksham banaaya.
yuddh key baad kii avadhi (1865-1900).
naachez ney yuddh key baad key varshon mein teji seey aarthik vaapsee kii, jisamen mississippi nadee parr vaanijyik shipping yatayat kaa adhikansh hissa phir seey shuru huaa. nakadi fasal abhee bhee kapas thee, lekin giroh key krishi daas shram koo badey paimaane parr bataai dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa, jisamen mukt logon koo lagaa kii unhein kuchh swatantrata haye. kaee parivaaron mein, mahilaaon ney apane logon kii dekhbhal key liye khet mein kaam karna chhod diyaa. kathin samay key dauran, way apane parivaar key liye kaam curr sakate hain aur baad mein unhein gharelu seva shuru karni padee.
kapas key alawa, sthaaniya udyogon jaise kii lakadi key kataai key vikas ney shahar key ghaat key madhyam seey niryaat mein vriddhi kii. badale mein, naachez ney uttari baajaron jaise sinsinati, pitsburg aur sent seey nirmit vastuon kii aamad dekhi. lui.
unnisvin shatabdi key dauran mississippi nadee key vanijya mein shahar kaa pramukh sthaan nau bhaap naukaaon "naachez" key namkaran seey parilakshit huaa, joe 1823 aur 1918 key beach nichali nadee kii yatra karate they. kaee prasiddh kaptan thomas pee. key liye banaae gaye they aur unaki kamaan sambhali gaee thee. chamada, jinhen jefferson davis mississippi nadee parr sangh raksha bede kaa netritva karna chaahte they. (yeh niyukti kabhi poori naheen hui thee.) 1885 mein, anker line, joe sent key beach kaam karane vaali apani lakjari steamboat key liye jaani jaati haye. lui aur nyu orleans ney apani "bragg boat", "city off natchase" kaa shubharambh kiya. yeh jahaaj 28 disambar 1886 koo carro, ilinois mein aag lagane seey pahale ack saal taka sanchaalit rhaa. 1975 seey, nyu orleans mein ack bhraman steamboat kaa naam "natchase" padaa haye.
iss tarah key nadee vanijya ney beesavin shatabdi key anta taka shahar key aarthik vikas koo banaae rakhaa, jaba bhaap nauka yatayat koo railmargon dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaanaa shuru huaa. 20veen shatabdi key dauran shahar kii arthavyavastha mein girawat aaee, jaisa kii rail yatayat dwara darkinar kiye gaye kaee mississippi nadee shaharon mein huaa. paryatan ney girawat kii bharpai karane mein madad kii haye.
yuddh key baad aur punarnirmaan key dauran, mukti aur swatantrata key jawab mein naachez mein gharelu sevakon kii duniya kuchh hudd taka badal gaee. grihyuddh key baad, adhikansh gharelu naukar ashwet mahilaaen bunny raheen. aksar, mahilaaen bachchon kaa samarthan curr rahee theen; haalaanki unhein kharaab bhugtan kiya jaataa thaa, unake gharelu kaam seey parivaar key rakharkhaav key liye mahatvapurna aaya hoti thee. shwet niyoktaon ney aksar pitritva koo jaari rakhaa joe daas dharakon aur daason key beach sambandhon kii visheshta thee. way aksar shwet naukaron kii tulanaa mein ashwet shramikon koo pasand karate they. shwet purush aur mahilaaen joe gharelu karmchaariyon key roop mein kaam karate they, aam taur parr maali yaa parichaarika jaise padon parr rahate they, jabaki kaale naukar rasoiyon, naukaraniyon aur kapade dhone vaalon key roop mein kaam karate they. 
1871 mein, naachez ney african americi chhatron key liye apana pahala saha-shaikshik saarvajanik vidyalaya (key-12), union school khola.
1900 seey.
thode samay key liye, naachez mein mahila school stanton college ney shwet abhijaat varg kii shikshit betiyon koo padhaaya. yeh 1858 mein ack niji haveli key roop mein nirmit stanton holl mein sthit thaa. 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, college baatchit kaa ack sthal thaa, kyonki paaramparik bagan varg kii betiyon kaa saamana nae vaanijyik abhijaat varg seey huaa thaa. paaramparik maataa-pitaa aur unaki adhik aadhunik betiyon key beach anya paraspar kriyaaen huin. yuva mahilaaen samajik clubon aur saahityik samajon mein shamil hoe gaeen, jinhone chachere bhaaiyon aur parivarik doston key beach sambandh banaae rakhane mein madad kii. pathyakram mein uchit vyavhaar aur patra lekhan key saath-saath aise kaushal shamil they joe samanya garibi seey peedit logon koo aajeevika banaane mein saksham banaa sakate hain. ladakiyan aksar dress code aur niyamon seey peechhe hatati theen, lekin apane maataa-pitaa key samajik moolyon koo bhee dohrati theen. 20veen shatabdi key anta mein stanton holl koo ack rashtriya aitihaasik sthal key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa.
mississippi nadee parr sthit, shahar mein lambe samay seey ack sakriya raatri jeevan thaa, jisamen kaale americi sangeetkaron dwara banaae gaye aur bajaaye gaye jaiz aur blues kii visheshta thee. 23 aprail, 1940 koo, naachez mein ack black dance holl, ridam night club mein aag lagane seey 209 logon kii maut hoe gaee. sthaaniya akhbar ney tippani kii kii "203 ashweton ney anant kaal key liye 50 pratishat tikat khareede."iss aag koo yuu mein chauthi sabse ghaatak aag key roop mein nott kiya gayaa haye.aiss. itihas. kaee blues geet iss trasdi koo shraddhanjali dete hain aur natshez shahar kaa ullekh karate hain.
1960 key dashak mein audyogik companiyan naachez mein sthit theen, joe shahar key liye mahatvapurna naukariyon koo laati theen. unamen seey ack thaa haath seey chalane vaalaa tyre aur rubber company. aisee companiyon ney african amerikiyon koo nichale star kii naukariyon taka seemit rakhate hue algaav key pattern koo dohraya. rangeen logon kii unnati key liye rashtriya sangathan (naacp) ney unhein iss tarah key pratibandhon koo samaapt karane key liye protsaahit kiya.
nagrik adhikaaron kaa yug.
1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein, jaise hii nagrik adhikaar andolan ney kuchh safalataaen praapt keen aur james meredith koo mississippi vishvavidyalaya mein pahale ashwet key roop mein bharti kiya gayaa, natches ekikaran aur andolan kaa virodh karane vaali koo clux clan gatividhi kaa kendra thaa. ee. ell. 1965 mein sabse badey clan sangathan united clans off america key grand dragon mcdanial kaa karyalaya 114 mukhya sadak parr naachez mein thaa. agast 1964 mein, mcdanial ney naachez mein yuke key ack clavern kii sthaapana kii, joe addams county nagrik aur behtari sangh key cover naam key tahat kaam curr rhaa thaa.
hinsa key bavjood, aeye. johnson, shree., naachez mein ack sammaanit shwet vakeel, clan key khilaf bolane aur likhane lagaa. 1964 seey 1965 taka, unhone "miss-luu paryavekshak" naamak ack vaikalpik samachar patra prakaashit kiya, jisamen unhone saptahik roop seey clan koo apanaaya. clansman aur unake samarthakon ney unake kaanoon key khilaf aarthik bahishkaar kiya, jisase way lagbhag aarthik roop seey barbad hoe gaye.
apani octuber 1964 kii report mein, aeye.ee. mississippi raajya samprabhuta aayog key ack anveshak, hopkins, ack curr-samarthit sangathan joe nivaasiyon kii nigrani koo praayojit kartaa haye, ney likhaa kii sanghiya jaanch beuro (aff. bee. aaee.) addams county mein thaa.
usa kshetra mein kaee churchon koo kathit roop seey jalaane key saath-saath kaee bumm visfoton aur kaee nigro kii chabuk maarne key kaaran; yeh bhee kii meadville seey dou nigro kii hatyaa key kaaran, jinake shav mississippi nadee seey baramad kiye gaye they, jabaki philadelphia seey teen nagrik adhikaar kaaryakartaon kii hatyaa kii sanghiya, raajya aur sthaaniya adhikaariyon dwara jaanch kii jaa rahee thee.
usa samay taka, philadelphia jaanch key hisse key roop mein 100 seey adhik aff. bee. aaee. agent kshetra mein they; teen nagrik adhikaar karyakarta gayab hoe gaye they aur usa garmi mein unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee thee aur unhein mitty key baandh mein dafnaya gayaa thaa.
aff. bee. aaee. nasleeya hinsa koo bhee niyantran mein rakhane kii koshish curr rhaa thaa. usa samay key dauran dou saal taka naachez mein ack aff. bee. aaee. agent bill williams ney 2005 key ack sakshatkar mein kahaa kii "kshetra mein daud yuddh" ack aisee kahani haye joe kabhi naheen bataai gaee.'unhone kahaa kii 1964 mein naachez agale kaee varshon key liye raajya key liye nasleeya, nagrik adhikaar virodhi gatividhi kaa kendra bindu bunn gayaa thaa."maee 1966 mein liberty ball park mein ack clan raili aayojit kii gaee thee jisamen imperial wizard, robbert aim jaise vaktaa shamil they. shelton, saath hii raajya seey baahar key samoohon key netaa.
1964 mein iss kshetra mein chaar anya african-americi purushon kii hatyaon kaa shreya clan sadasyon koo diyaa jaataa haye. nagrik adhikaar kaanoon key congress key paarit honey key bavjood yaa virodh key bavjood, baad key varshon mein kaaryakartaon kii anya clan hatyaon kaa anusaran kiya gayaa.
1960 key dashak mein jaise-jaise clan hinsa badhee, african amerikiyon ney ack sashastr ardhsainik samooh kaa ayojan kiya jise raksha aur nyaay key liye decan kahaa jaataa haye, ack louisiana samooh seey udhaar liya. way nakaip adhikaariyon aur pradarshankariyon key saath jaane lagey aur mississippi kaanoon key tahat khule taur parr hathiyar leey jaane lagey.
george metcaff aur wharlest jackson aiss. aar. donon ney armstrong tyre aur rubber plant key liye kaam kiya, jahan unhone african amerikiyon key liye adhik sthaan kholane kii koshish kii. way donon natches adhyaay mein sakriya theh adhyaksh key roop mein matcoff aur khajanedar key roop mein jackson. 27 farwari, 1967 koo, jackson kii maut hoe gaee thee jaba unake truck mein ack kaar bumm visfot huaa thaa jaba vaha kaam seey ghar jaa rahey they. unhein haal hii mein ack pada parr padonnati aur padonnati millie thee joe pahale goron key liye "aarakshit" thaa. ack koriyai yuddh key anubhavi, vaha paanch bachchon key saath vivaahit they. usaki hatyaa kaa kabhi samadhan naheen huaa aur naa hii kissy parr aparaadh kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa haye.
agast 1967 mein, metcaff ney school board mein school ekikaran key paksh mein ack yachika prastut kii. (sarvocch nyayalaya ney 1954 mein alag-alag saarvajanik vidyaalayon koo asamvaidhaanik karaar diyaa thaa) unhone board seey yachika parr hastakshar karane vaalon key naam prakaashit naheen karane key liye kahaa, lekin unhone soochi jaari kii. ack saptah seey thodaa adhik samay baad, ack kaar bambari mein metcaff gambhir roop seey ghayal hoe gayaa. iska kabhi samadhan naheen huaa.
inn hamalon key jawab mein, raksha key liye naachez decan ney apani drishyamaan upasthiti badhaa dee. sabhi purush pahale seey hii nakp key sadasya they aur ack-dusare koo achchi tarah seey jaanate they. unhone samooh key baare mein gopaniyata banaae rakhee, mississippi samprabhuta aayog aur anya dwara jaanch seey bachate hue. yeh samooh samudaay mein mahatvapurna thaa; isake sadasyon aur sankhya koo gupt rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin unhone ashweton key hinsak hamalon key khilaf ack raksha aur chetavani dee. kaaryakartaon kii raksha karane key alawa, decan ney nagrik adhikaar andolan kii pahalon koo lagu karane mein madad kii, jaise kii khudra vikretaon aur shahar seey ekikaran mein riyaayaten jeetane key safal prayaas mein safed swaamitva vaale stores kaa vaanijyik bahishkaar. anya mississippi kshetron mein decan key adhyaay aayojit kiye gaye they.
1966 mein, house unn-american gatividhiyon kii samiti ney nachez nivaasiyon key naam prakaashit kiye joe clan key vartamaan yaa poorv sadasya they, jinamen shahar mein antarrashtriya pepper plant mein 70 seey adhik karmchari, saath hii nachez pulis aur addams county sheriff key vibhaag key sadasya shamil they. huak ney paaya kii 1960 key dashak key dauran nachez mein cumm seey cumm chaar shwet varchasvavaadi aatankvaadi samooh kaam curr rahey they, jinamen mississippi white cap bhee shamil they. aim. doubleu. see. ney shahar key chaaron or gumnam roop seey udaan bharane vaalon koo vitarit kiya, jisase "badmash aur mongrelizer" koo dhamki millie."shwet jaati key sanrakshan key liye amerikiyon kii sthaapana maee 1963 mein naachez key nau nivaasiyon dwara kii gaee thee.
cottonmouth mokasin giroh kii sthaapana clod fuller aur natches clansman ernest avents aur james lloyd johns ney kii thee. juuna 1966 mein, unhone kathit taur parr dow. koo aakarshit karane key liye ack sajish key hisse key roop mein, naachez nivasi bayne chester white kii hatyaa curr dee. martin luther king junier. usey maarne key liye naachez koo. teen clansman koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur raajya dwara hatyaa kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa. pratyek mamle mein, bhaari sabooton key bavjood aur johns key mamle mein, ack sweekaarokti key bavjood, yaa tou aaropon koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa yaa sabhi-shwet juurii dwara prativaadiyon koo burry curr diyaa gayaa thaa. ashweton koo dashakon seey juurii seey baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa kyonki way 1890 seey ack nae raajya samvidhaan dwara matadhikar seey vanchit they aur vote karane mein asamarth they. 1966 taka matdan adhikaar adhiniyam paarit hoe gayaa thaa, lekin adalaton ney unhein juurii seey baahar karane key liye anya sadhanon kaa upayog kiya; jabaki kaee ashwet abhee bhee matdan karane key liye panjikaran curr rahey they.
nagrik adhikaaron key thhande mamalon kaa abhiyojan.
heinry hezkiah dee aur charles heinry moor key apaharan aur hatyaon mein sandigdh key roop mein navambar 1964 mein giraftar kiye gaye dou logon mein seey ack james ford seal koo taba riha curr diyaa gayaa jaba raajya key jilaa vakeel ney faisala kiya kii saboot aparyaapt they. 2000 key baad mamle mein ruchi phir seey shuru hui, jaba 1964 kii aff. bee. aaee. faailen patrakaron dwara baramad kii gaeen. aff. bee. aaee. ney jaanch phir seey shuru curr dee. seal koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur americi vakeel dwara aarop lagaaya gayaa. 2007 mein sanghiya adalat mein unakaa mukadama chalaaya gayaa aur unhein doshi thaharaaya gayaa. 2011 mein 76 varsh kii ayu mein sanghiya jail mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
aff. bee. aaee. ney paaya kii juuna 1966 mein maare gaye 67 varsheeya bayne chester white koo natochez key homochito rashtriya vann mein sunder khaadi key paas sanghiya bhoomi parr maar diyaa gayaa thaa. parinamswarup, way iss mamle kii jaanch aur mukadama chalaane key liye sanghiya adhikaar kshetra sthaapit curr sakate hain. 1999 mein, mamla phir seey khol diyaa gayaa thaa. adhikaariyon ney 2000 mein hatyaa key liye ernest avent koo doshi thaharaaya. unhein 2003 mein doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa aur unhein aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee thee; agale varsh 72 varsh kii ayu mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
farwari 2011 mein, jaanch khoj channel kii "anyaay faailon" ney nagrik adhikaar yug seey sambandhit thhande mamle kii hatyaon key teen tv episode prasaarit kiye. pahala prakaran sabse khatarnak jackson aiss. aar. kii hatyaa key liye samarpit thaa.1967 mein maare gaye, jaisa kii oopar ullekh kiya gayaa haye. yeh aff. bee. aaee. key saath sahyog kaa hissa thaa, jisane 2007 mein nagrik adhikaar mamalon kii jaanch aur mukadama chalaane key liye ack pahal shuru kii thee.
praakritik aapadaaen.
7 maee, 1840 koo, ack teevra bavandar nechez parr hamla kiya, jisamen 269 loga maare gaye, jinamen seey adhikansh mississippi nadee mein flatboat parr they. bavandar ney kull 317 logon kii zaan leey lii, jisase yeh sanyukt raajya america key itihas mein doosara sabse ghaatak bavandar bunn gayaa.
agast 2005 mein, toofaan catarina key baad, natches ney tateey mississippi aur louisiana key nivaasiyon key liye ack sharan key roop mein kaam kiya, aashray, hotal kamare, kiraya, sanghiya aapaatkaaleen prabandhan agency vitaran aur pashu aashray pradaan kiye. naachez aapada kii avadhi key liye eendhan kii aapoorti koo khula rakhane, sabse prabhaavit kshetron koo aavashyak bijli pradaan karane, bhojan kii delivery praapt karane aur anya kshetron seey agantukon kii sahaayata karate hue kaanoon aur vyavastha banaae rakhane mein saksham thaa. parkway baptist church sahit kaee churchon kaa upayog aapaatkaaleen aashray key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. toofaan key baad key maheenon mein, adhikansh upalabdh gharon koo kharida yaa kiraaye parr liya gayaa thaa, jisamen kuchh kiraayedaron ney naachez koo apana sthaayi ghar banaa liya thaa.
2011 mein aaee baadh ney 19 maee koo mississippi nadee koo shikhar parr pahuncha diyaa, joe 1930 key dashak key baad seey nadee kii uchchatam darj kii gaee oonchaai haye.
chitra aur smriti.
naachez mein pramukh parivaaron ney naachez tirthayatra kaa upayog kiya haye, joe kii antibellum haveli kaa ack vaarshik daura haye, joe isake antibellum daasata samaaj kii ack purani yaadon koo chitrit kartaa haye. haalaanki, nagrik adhikaar andolan key baad seey, iss sanskaran koo ashweton dwara teji seey chunauti dee gaee haye, jinhone apane saarvajanik itihas mein natchase mein kaale anubhav koo jodane kii maang kii haye. lekhak paul hendrickson key anusaar, "ashwet natshez tirthayatra kaa hissa naheen hain."
1988 kii sardiyon taka, rashtriya udyaan seva ney melrose haveli key aspas naachez rashtriya aitihaasik udyaan kii sthaapana kii. shahar mein villium johnson house koo kuchh varshon baad jodaa gayaa thaa. aine dwara diye gaye daure.pee.aiss. african-americi itihas koo shamil karke ateet key baare mein adhik jatil drishtikon prastut karane kii pravritti rakhate hain. 2021 mein, sadak bajar key kaante, joe ack samay mein sanyukt raajya america mein doosara sabse badaa daas-vyaapaar sthal thaa, koo rashtriya aitihaasik udyaan mein jodaa gayaa thaa.
aitihaasik jile kaa upayog hollywood dwara antibellum avadhi mein sthaapit feature filmon key liye prishthabhoomi key roop mein kiya gayaa haye. disney kii "dha adventures off huck finn" koo aanshik roop seey 1993 mein yahaan filmaya gayaa thaa. 1982 kii television film "rascals aind robbersah dha adventures off tomm soyer aind huck finn" koo bhee yahaan filmaya gayaa thaa. television mini-seereez "byulah laind" koo naachez mein filmaya gayaa thaa, saath hii television naatak "dha mississippi" key kaee vyaktigat saptahik show, jisamen ralf weit ney abhinay kiya thaa. television mini-seereez "uttar aur dakshin" key kuchh hisson koo naachez aur padosi washington mein filmaya gayaa thaa. johnn vene kii "dha horse solgers" koo bhee naachez mein aur usake aspas filmaya gayaa thaa.
2007 mein, badale hue upayog key liye ack aitihaasik holl key navinikaran key baad, sanyukt raajya america mein ack adalat kholi gaee thee. puraane holl key hisse mein pratham vishva yuddh mein seva karane vaale naachez aur addams county key sthaaniya purushon aur mahilaaon key liye ack zim kauve-yug kaa smaarak thaa. 1924 kaa smaarak "naachez democrate" mein kaee kahaaniyon kaa vishay thaa, kyonki samvaaddaataon ney nott kiya kii isamen yuddh mein seva karane vaale ashwet senaa key sainikon kaa pratinidhitva naheen thaa. 2010 key ack lekh mein sabhi sthaaniya sainikon koo pratibimbit karane key liye smaarak koo adyatan karane aur puraane smaarak koo sevaanivritt karane kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa. 10 navambar, 2011 koo naee pattikaaen sthaapit kii gaeen jinamen 592 african-americi sainikon aur 107 safed sainikon key naam shamil they, jinamen seey koee bhee purani pattikaon parr soochibaddh naheen thaa.
1960 key dashak key nagrik adhikaar andolan key baare mein ack cinema vivaran koo film nirmaata aid pincus ney apani film "black natchase" (2010) mein chitrit kiya thaa. film mein ashwet samudaay key sangathan koo ujagar kiya gayaa haye. ack ashwet netaa parr kaar-bambari kii gaee haye aur niyantran key liye ashwet samudaay mein sangharsh shuru hoe gayaa haye. ashwet purushon kaa ack samooh raksha key liye decan key ack adhyaay koo vyavasthit kartaa haye. samudaay adhik roodhivaadi aur karyakarta tatvon key beach vibhajit hotaa haye.
naachez mein african americi itihas aur sanskriti kaa ack sangrahalaya khola gayaa haye.