mukt mukti

framont mukti mejar general johnn see dwara jaari ack sainya ghoshana kaa hissa thee. framont (1813-1890) 30 agast, 1861 koo sent. americi grihyuddh key shuruati maheenon key dauran luis, misauri. ghoshana ney misauri raajya koo sainya kaanoon key tahat rakhaa aur adesh diyaa kii vidroh mein hathiyar rakhane vaalon kii sabhi sampatti jabt curr lii jaayegi, jisamen gulam bhee shamil hain, aur jabt kiye gaye daason koo baad mein mukt ghoshit curr diyaa jaayega. isane sanghiya sarkaar key khilaf vidroh karane vaalon key liye maut kii sajaa bhee lagu kii.
ack carrier senaa adhikaari, seemadhikari aur rajneta, framont julaai 1861 seey octuber 1861 taka paschim key sainya vibhaag key kamaan mein they. halanki framont ney daavaa kiya kii unaki ghoshana kaa uddeshya kewal misauri mein algavvadiyon koo rokane kaa ack saadhan thaa, unaki neeti key rashtriya parinam they, joe sambhaavit roop seey ack atyadhik vivadaspad udaaharan sthaapit karate hain kii grih yuddh mukti kaa yuddh hoga.
rashtrapati abraham linken key liye ghoshana ney ack kathin sthiti paida curr dee, kyonki unhone kattarpanthi ganarajyavadiyon key agende koo santulit karane kii koshish kii, joe americi seemavarti raajyon mein unmoolan aur gulam-dhaarak sanghvaadiyon kaa samarthan karate they, jinka samarthan misauri, kentucky aur maryland raajyon koo sangh mein rakhane mein aavashyak thaa.
ghoshana parr rashtravyapi pratikriya mishrit thee. unmoolanvadiyon ney utsaahpoorvak iss upaay kaa samarthan kiya jabaki roodhivaadiyon ney framont koo hataane kii maang kii. framont key karyon koo ulatane aur raajneetik santulan banaae rakhane kii koshish mein, linken ney antatah 11 sitambar, 1861 koo farman koo radd karane key liye framont koo adesh diyaa. isake baad linken ney vibhinn sarkari adhikaariyon koo misauri bheja taaki unake unmoolanvaadi vichaaron key bajaay framont kii kathit akshamta parr adharit framont koo hataane key liye ack mamla banaaya jaa sakey. inn aadharon parr, linken ney 22 octuber, 1861 koo ack adesh bheja, jisamen paschim vibhaag kii kamaan seey framont koo hataa diyaa gayaa. halanki linken ney freemont kii mukti kii vidhi kaa virodh kiya, lekin iss prakaran kaa linken parr mahatvapurna prabhaav padaa, jisase mukti kii disha mein uchit kadmon parr unaki raay koo aakar milaa aur antatah solah maheene baad linken kii apani mukti ghoshana kii or agrasar huaa.
prishthabhoomi.
frummont.
1813 mein georgia key sawana mein janme johnn charles framont 1850 key dashak mein desh key pramukh gulami virodhi raajnetaon mein seey ack bunn gaye. framont koo yuu mein ack dwiteeya leftinent kaa commission diyaa gayaa thaa.aiss. 1838 mein senaa kaa sthalaakritik engineeron kaa beuro, mukhya roop seey yuddh sachiv joel poinset key samarthan key madhyam seey. ack yuva senaa adhikaari key roop mein, framont ney 1840 key dashak mein americi paschim key kaee khoj abhiyaanon mein bhaag liya. oregan trail key madhyam seey chattani pahaadon key paar mexico california key liye ack maarg kaa maanchitran karane mein unaki safalata key liye, framont ney upnaam arjit kiya, "path-khojkarta" aur ack rashtriya naayak kaa darja praapt kiya. maxican-americi yuddh (1846-1848) key dauran, mejar framont ney mexico key khilaf americi basane vaalon key california vidroh kii kamaan sambhali aur unhein 1847 mein california kaa sainya governor niyukt kiya gayaa. framont kii swatantra kaarravaai varishth yuu key saath cross-uddeshyon parr chully.aiss. maxican yuddh key dauran california mein senaa adhikaari-stephen wats kernie. framont koo giraftar curr liya gayaa, washington laaya gayaa, dee.see. court-marshel key liye aur 1848 mein senaa seey istifa dey diyaa. prashant tata parr lautate hue, framont california key pahale senators mein seey ack bunn gaye jaba ise 1850 mein raajya kaa darja diyaa gayaa. 1856 mein, framont naee republican party key pahale rashtrapati pada key ummidwar bunn gaye, jisane una raajyon mein gulami kii seema kii vakaalat karane vaalaa ack munch sthaapit kiya, jinamen yeh pahale seey maujood thaa. framont ney 33 pratishat lokpriya vote jeete, lekin democratic party key ummidwar james buchnan seey haar gaye.
aprail 1861 mein grihyuddh kii shuruat mein, framont ney niyamit senaa mein apani seva phir seey shuru karane kii maang kii aur unhein mejar general niyukt kiya gayaa, joe yuu. aiss. mein teesare sarvocch rank vaale general baney.aiss. senaa (niyukti kii tarikh key anusaar), mejar key thheek peechhe. jeane. george bee. mcclellan. framont koo paschim vibhaag kii kamaan saunpi gaee thee jisamen mississippi nadee aur rockie key beach key sabhi raajya aur kshetra key saath-saath ilinois raajya aur kentucky kaa paschimi bhaag shamil thaa. vibhaag kaa mukhyalaya sent mein thaa. luis, misauri. framont vahaan pahunche aur 25 julaai, 1861 koo kamaan sambhali. unakaa mukhya kaary misauri raajya key bheetar niyantran sthaapit karna thaa.
misauri.
grihyuddh kii shuruat mein, misauri ack gahara vibhajit raajya thaa. misauri ney sangh mein baney rahane kaa vikalp chunaa thaa, aur shuru mein sangh aur parisangh donon key prati tatasthata kii neeti banaae rakhee thee. haalaanki, misauri ack aisaa raajya bhee thaa jisamen gulami abhee bhee vaidh thee, ack aisaa kaarak jisane sangh aur algaav key liye sahaanubhooti paida kii. yuddh kii shuruat mein misauri key governor, claborne jackson, algaav key paksh mein they aur unhone apane raajya mein sangh balon key nirmaan kaa virodh karane key liye misauri raajya milicia kaa upayog karane kaa prayaas kiya.
framont seey pahale, dou generalon ney yuddh key pahale chaar maheenon key dauran paschim key vibhaag key pramukh key roop mein kaary kiya thaa. brigadier general villium aiss. harney ney misauri mein ack rajanyik drishtikon apanaaya thaa, moolya-harney yuddhaviram key madhyam seey misauri kii tatasthata kaa sammaan karane kaa prayaas kiya thaa, misauri raajya milicia key commander sterling price key saath baatchit kii thee. yeh yuddhaviram kaee sanghvaadiyon aur vishesh roop seey rashtrapati linken key liye asweekarya thaa, kyonki misauri mein nirantar tatasthata key parinamswarup raajya ney sangh senaa key liye sainikon kii aapoorti karane seey incar curr diyaa. harney koo 30 maee koo hataa diyaa gayaa aur unaki jagah kattarpanthi republican brigade koo niyukt kiya gayaa. jeane. nathaniel leone. isase pahale, jaba abhee bhee harney key adheenasth they, leone ney 10 maee, 1861 koo shivir jackson key sambandh key dauran swatantra roop seey kaary karke aur misauri raajya key milicia key ack hisse parr kabja karke misauri mein tanaav koo badhaa diyaa thaa. halanki iss paintarebaazi ney sent key liye ack khatare koo samaapt curr diyaa thaa. lui shastragar, yeh bhee sent mein ack danga kaa kaaran banaa. lui. paschim vibhaag key commander key roop mein, lyon ney sarkaar seey mulakat kii. jackson ney unhein soochit kiya kii ", kissy bhee mamle mein ack pull key liye misauri raajya koo merrie sarkaar koo nirdesh dene kaa adhikaar sweekaar karane key bajaay...main aapako dekh loonga...aur raajya mein harr purush aur mahila aur bachche kii mrityu hoe gaee aur unhein dafnaya gayaa."isake baad, misauri mein sangh samarthak milicia aur sangh balon key beach khula yuddh shuru hoe gayaa. sarkaar. jackson bhaag gayaa sent. luis aur misauri raajya kii senaa koo misauri raajya rakshak banane key liye phir seey sangathit kiya gayaa-sterling price aur nirvaasit governor jackson kii kamaan key tahat ack algaav samarthak bull.
jaba taka framont ney sent mein kamaan sambhali. 25 julaai, 1861 koo, lyon key netritva mein sangh balon ney misauri raajya rakshak key khilaf kaee mukabalon mein ladaai ladee thee. 10 agast koo, misauri raajya rakshak, parisangh raajya senaa aur arconsus milicia kaa ack sanyukt bull, jisamen lagbhag 11,000 sanic shamil they, springfield, misauri key paas lagbhag 5,000 kii sankhya mein lyon key sangh bull parr bund hoe gayaa. willson kii khaadi kii agami ladaai key dauran, lyon maaraa gayaa aur sanghiya bull koo parajit curr diyaa gayaa. willson kii khaadi kii ladaai key baad poore misauri mein algaav samarthak bhavna badh gaee. sangh senaa key adhikaariyon key anumaanon key anusaar misauri mein sashastr algavvadiyon kii sankhya lagbhag 60,000 thee. badhati ashanti seey chintit, framont ney 30 agast, 1861 koo misauri raajya mein marshel low kii ghoshana kii.
ghoshana aur pratikriya.
30 agast koo subah honey seey thheek pahale, framont ney marshel low kii apani ghoshana likhana samaapt curr diyaa aur ise apani patni aur philadelphia key ack vishvasaniya salaahkaar, edward davis koo padhaa. davis ney chetavani dee kii washington mein adhikaari kabhi bhee iss tarah key vyaapak adesh key paksh mein naheen khade honge. framont ney jawab diyaa kii unhein misauri mein algaav koo rokane kii poori shakti dee gaee thee aur yuddh key upaay key roop mein, ghoshana poori tarah seey aavashyak thee.
ghoshana kaa sabse vivadaspad paarit, aur sabse badey raajneetik parinamon vaalaa, nimnalikhit thaah
inn panktiyon key bheetar haathon mein hathiyar liye jaane vaale sabhi vyaktiyon parr court-marshel dwara mukadama chalaaya jaayega, aur yadi doshi paaya jaataa haye, tou unhein goli maar dee jaayegi. misauri raajya mein una sabhi vyaktiyon kii sampatti, vaastavik aur vyaktigat, joe sanyukt raajya america key khilaf hathiyar uthaayenge, aur jinhone seedhe taur parr maidan mein apane dushmanon key saath sakriya bhaag liya haye, koo saarvajanik upayog key liye jabt ghoshit kiya jaataa haye; aur unake daas, yadi unake paas koee haye, tou unhein isake dwara mukt ghoshit curr diyaa jaataa haye.
iss maarg mein varnit dou charam upaayon ney pratyek seemavarti raajya mein sanghvaadiyon koo alag-thalag karane kaa khatra paida curr diyaa. cape girardo, misauri seey leavenworth, kansas, framont taka ack rekha kheenchate hue ghoshana kii gaee kii usa rekha key uttar mein hathiyar rakhane vaale kissy bhee algavvadi koo maut kii sajaa dee jaayegi. isake alawa, ghoshana ney sarkaar key khilaf hathiyar uthaane vaale kissy bhee algavvadi key daason koo mukt curr diyaa. framont ney misauri yaa washington mein kissy bhee pradhikaran seey paramarsh kiye binaa apani ghoshana jaari kii.
ghoshana ney bahut cumm daason koo mukt kiya. pahale, aur sabse pramukh roop seey, dou gulam joe poorv sarkaar key ack sahayogi seey sambandhit they. jackson, frank luis aur hiram reed koo unake maanav-utsarjan key kagjat diye gaye they. iss adhiniyam koo sent dwara mahatvapurna coverage praapt hui. lui press. framont ney taba 21 anya daason koo kagjat jaari kiye. haalaanki, ghoshana kaa sabse badaa mahatva raajneetik prabhaavon key roop mein aaya. iss ghoshana ney ack raajneetik misal kayam kii, jiss parr jabardast asahamati thee, kii grihyuddh gulami key khilaf yuddh thaa. isase seemavarti raajyon mein najuk raajneetik santulan tootane kaa khatra haye. misauri, kentucky aur maryland sabhi koo algaav kii or dhakel diyaa gayaa hotaa aggar iss tarah kii misal koo yuddh kii shuruat mein sanghiya sarkaar dwara samarthit kiya gayaa hotaa.
misauri mein sanghwadi apani pratikriya mein vibhajit they. kattarpanthi ganatantravaadi, joe unmoolan kaa pakshadhar they, bahut khush they. isamen adhikansh sent shamil they. lui press. framont ney khud koo iss gutt key logon seey gher liya, aur kaee kattarpanthi ganatantravaadi rajneta sent mein aaa gaye they. lui unake saath sahayak aur salaahkaar key roop mein. inmein ilinois key congressi owen lovejoy (gulami virodhi patrakaar elijah lovejoy key bhaai jinaki 1837 mein ack unmoolanvaadi virodhi bheed dwara hatyaa curr dee gaee thee), ohiyo key congressi johnn aeye shamil they. gurle aur indiana key congress sadasya johnn pee.see. shanks. sabhi kattar unmoolanvadiyon, inn logon ney framont kii ghoshana koo protsaahit aur prabhaavit kiya. adhik udaarvaadi sanghwadi framont kii ghoshana seey pareshan they aur gulami samarthak roodhivaadi naraj they. sabse mahatvapurna, framont kii ghoshana seey alag-thalag padey misauri mein narampanthiyon mein misauri key nae governor, hamilton rovan gamble they, jinake adhikaar koo abb framont ney marshel low kii ghoshana karke samaapt curr diyaa thaa. yeh mahsoos karate hue kii framont ney apane adhikaar koo bahut adhik badhaa diyaa haye, juaa ney framont koo hataane key liye kaam karna shuru curr diyaa. padosi kentucky mein, vyaapak akrosh thaa. haalaanki ghoshana kewal misauri raajya seey sambandhit thee, kentakiyanon koo darr thaa kii isi tarah kaa ack farman framont dwara unake raajya mein lagu kiya jaa sakata haye. kentucky mein adhikansh gulam sanghvaadiyon key they aur unhein mukt karane kii dhamki dene seey raajya koo sangh mein dhakel diyaa jaa sakata thaa.
linken kii pratikriya aur framont koo hataana.
rashtrapati linken koo samachar patra mein padhkar framont kii ghoshana key baare mein pataa chalaa. framont key karyon seey pareshan, linken ney mahsoos kiya kii mukti "sainya kaanoon yaa aavashyakta key dayare mein naheen thee" aur aisee shaktiyaan kewal nirvaachit sanghiya sarkaar key paas theen. linken ney usa mahatvapurna raajneetik samasya koo bhee pahachaana joe iss tarah key ack farman ney seemavarti raajyon koo sangh mein rakhane key unake prayason koo janm diyaa. vaha vishesh roop seey una reports key baare mein chintit they joe unhone shilalekh parr kentucky mein gusse key baare mein sunee theen, likhate hue, "mujhe lagata haye kii kentucky koo khona lagbhag puuraa khel haarne key barabar haye."linken key anusaar, sangh key liye ladane vaali kentucky milicia kii ack ikai, framont key samarthak koo likhe ack patra mein, framont kii ghoshana key baare mein sunkar, apane hathiyaron koo fenk diyaa aur bhang curr diyaa. linken ney nirdhaarit kiya kii ghoshana koo lagu naheen rahane diyaa jaa sakata haye. haalaanki, adesh koo override karane yaa seedhe paragraph koo hataane yaa sanshodhit karane key liye framont koo adesh dene key apane raajneetik khatare they-iss tarah key kaary seey poore uttar mein unmoolanvadiyon koo gussa aayega. sabhi pakshon key raajneetik nuksan key prati samvedansheel, linken ney framont koo likhaa, "isaliye mujhe yeh poochhane kii anumati dein kii aap apane prastaav key anusaar usa anuchhed koo sanshodhit karenge..."
framont ney 8 sitambar, 1861 koo linken key anurodh kaa jawab likhaa aur ise apani patni jessy benton framont key haathon mein washington bhej diyaa, joe 10 sitambar koo white house mein rashtrapati seey mileen. patra mein, framont ney kahaa kii vaha misauri kii sthiti koo rashtrapati seey behtar jaanate they aur jaba taka seedhe adesh naheen diyaa jaataa, vaha ghoshana koo radd naheen karenge. krodhit hocker, linken ney agale dinn framont koo likhaa, seedhe unhein maujooda sanghiya kaanoon key anuroop mukti khand koo sanshodhit karane kaa adesh diyaa-kii kewal sashastr vidroh mein kaary karane vaale daason koo hii jabt kiya jaa sakata haye aur riha kiya jaa sakata haye.
linken framont kii avagya koo dandit naheen honey dey sakey. haalaanki, unaki duvidha phir seey rajneeti mein thee. mukti key mudde parr framont koo hataane seey congress mein kattarpanthi naraz honge. linken ney nirdhaarit kiya kii yadi framont koo hataaya jaanaa haye, tou yeh ghoshana seey asambandhit mamalon key liye honah chaahiye. isaliye unhone postmaster general montgomeri blair aur quartermaster general montgomeri see. koo bheja. apane vibhaag key framont key prabandhan kaa mulyankan karane key liye main misauri jaataa huun. apani vaapsee parr, blair ney bataaya kii misauri mein avyavastha kii ack jabardast sthiti maujood thee aur framont "murkhtapurna" lugg rhaa thaa...aur vaha kuchh bhee naheen curr rhaa haye."jaba adjutant general lorenzo thomas ney apana nireekshan kiya aur linken koo bataaya kii framont" "poori tarah seey aksham" "thaa, tou linken ney thomas kii report koo press koo leak karane kaa faisala kiya. framont key khilaf parinami saarvajanik akrosh key beach, linken ney 22 octuber, 1861 koo unhein paschim vibhaag kii kamaan seey hataane kaa adesh bheja.
isake baad.
frummont key liye, unaki ghoshana key vyaktigat parinam vinashkari they. paschimi vibhaag kii kamaan seey unake hataae jaane seey unaki pratishtha koo apuraniya nuksan pahuncha. framont koo doosara mauka dete hue, linken ney virginia aur kentucky seema key aspas key pahaadi kshetra kii dekhrekh karate hue ranneetik roop seey mahatvapurna parvat vibhaag kii kamaan sambhaalane key liye apani niyukti koo manjuri dey dee. halanki, 8 juuna, 1862 koo virginia mein cross kii kii ladaai mein framont kii senaa buri tarah seey haar gaee thee. jaba linken ney mejar koo niyukt kiya tou unhone antatah gujar jaane parr hatasha seey istifa dey diyaa. jeane. johnn pope virginia kii senaa kii kamaan sambhaalane key liye, aur shesh yuddh ack naee niyukti kii prateeksha mein bitaaya joe kabhi naheen aaee.
linken key liye, framont key hataane key tatkaal prabhaavon key parinamswarup rashtrapati ney uttari unmoolanvadiyon seey gusse kii ummeed kii thee. massachusets key governor johnn albian andru, ack kattarpanthi ganarajyavadi aur unmoolanvaadi, ney likhaa kii linken key karyon kaa gulami virodhi andolan parr "bhayaavah prabhaav" padaa. haalaanki, akrosh kewal ack alpakaalik prabhaav thaa, aur jald hii cumm hoe gayaa.
framont mukti kaa sabse mahatvapurna deerghakaalik parinam yeh thaa kii iska prabhaav linken kii mukti kii dhaaranaon parr padaa aur vishesh roop seey, ise kaise puuraa kiya jaanaa chaahiye. jaisa kii itihaaskaar elen guelzo ney varnan kiya haye, framont kii asafal ghoshana key baad linken dridh hoe gaye kii mukti marshel low yaa kissy anya asthaayi upaay kaa mamla naheen hoe sakata haye jise baad mein adalaton mein chunauti dee jaayegi. linken ney mahsoos kiya kii isaki sthirata sunishchit karane key liye, sanghiya sarkaar dwara mukti koo iss tarah seey lagu karna hoga joe nirvivaad roop seey samvaidhaanik hoe. samaan roop seey mahatvapurna, mukti key samay koo saavdhaanipoorvak vyavasthit karane kii aavashyakta hogi, taaki yuddh key prayaas mein hastakshep naa hoe. halanki 1861 mein, linken ney abhee taka tatkaal mukti key vichaar kaa samarthan naheen kiya thaa aur phir bhee dheere-dheere aur shayed ack kshatipurti mukti koo puuraa karane key liye raajya sarkaaron key saath kaam karane kii ummeed kii thee, lekin iss ghatana ney linken key iss vishvaas koo majboot kiya kii mukti rashtrapati kii jimmedaari thee aur ise sangh key generalon key bikhare hue farmaanon seey puuraa naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa. yeh ahsas una kaee karakon mein seey ack thaa jisake kaaran sitambar 1862 mein linken kii apani mukti ghoshana hui.

