
doris salcedo

doris salcedo (janm 1958) ack kolambiyai-janm drishya kalakar aur moortikaar hain. unakaa kaam columbia mein unake jeevan key anubhavon seey prabhaavit haye aur aam taur parr lakadi key furniture, kapade, concreet, ghaas aur gulab kii pankhudiyon jaisi aam vastuon seey banaa haye. salcedo kaa kaam vyaktigat aur saamoohik shoke key liye jagah banaate hue dard, aghaat aur haani koo roop detaa haye. yeye vishay unake apane vyaktigat itihas seey utpann hotey hain. raajneetik roop seey pareshan columbia mein gayab honey vaale kaee logon mein unake apane parivaar key sadasya bhee shamil they. unakaa adhikansh kaam iss tathya seey sambandhit haye kii, jabaki kissy priyajan kii mrityu parr shoke vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye, unake gayab honey seey ack asahaniya khalipan nickle jaataa haye. salcedo bogota, kolambiya mein rahata haye aur kaam kartaa haye.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
doris salcedo kaa janm 1958 mein bogota, kolambiya mein huaa thaa. salcedo ney 1980 mein george tedio lozano vishvavidyalaya mein lalit kalaa mein snaatak puuraa kiya, newyork shahar kii yatra karane seey pahale, jahan unhone 1984 mein newyork vishvavidyalaya mein lalit kalaa kii degree poori kii. phir vaha universidad national dee columbia mein padhaane key liye bogota laut aaeen.
marammat key roop mein kalaa.
doris salcedo ney apani sthaapana kalaakriti mein bhoolane aur smriti key sawal koo sambodhit kiya. 1997 seey "unlandh dha anaths tunic" aur 1990 key dashak kii shuruat seey "laa kaasa wooda" shrinkhala jaise tukadon mein, salcedo sadharan gharelu vastuon, jaise kii ack kursi aur mez, koo letaa haye aur unhein columbia mein grih yuddh key peediton key liye smarakon mein badal detaa haye.
apani pustak "present paastsah present paastsah urban polympastes aind dha politics off memori" mein, andress hyusen ney ack adhyaay doris salcedo aur "unlandh dha anaths tunic" koo samarpit kiya haye, jisamen unhone apane kaam koo "smriti murtikala" key roop mein prastut kiya haye.hyusen iss tukade kaa ack vistrit vivaran pradaan kartaa haye, ack prateet honey vaali saansaarik mez, jise jaba bariki seey maanaa jaataa haye, tou darshak kii kalpana koo apani apratyaashit, bhayaavah drishya aur bhautik upasthiti mein pakadata haye.furniture kaa ack aisaa prateet honey vaalaa rosemarra kaa tukada vaastav mein dou nasht mejon seey banaa hotaa haye joe kapade key ack safed ghoonghat seey judaa hotaa haye aur sambhavatah anath key mool angarkha seey dhakaa hotaa haye. aur bhee karib seey nireekshan karane parr, saikadon chhote maanav baal vaha dhaga prateet hotey hain joe mez parr angarkha koo jodd rhaa hotaa haye. hyusen mez kii sanrachana koo shareer key barabar kartaa haye. aggar angarkha twacha kii tarah haye...taba mez shareer key roop mein ack roopak upasthiti praapt karati haye, abb ack vyaktigat anath naheen balki ack anath samudaay kii.salcedo kii" "unland" "ack smriti murtikala haye, joe antarrashtriya kalaa darshakon key saamane apane desh kolambiya key ateet koo prastut karati haye.
carlos besualdo key saath baatchit key dauran, salcedo kalaa key utpaadan key liye apane drishtikon parr charcha karati haih
jiss tarah seey ack kalaakriti samagri koo ack saath laati haye vaha avishvasaniya roop seey shaktishali haye. murtikala isaki bhautikta haye. main una samagriyon key saath kaam kartaa huun joe pahale seey hii mahatva key saath charge kii gaee hain, jiska arth haye kii way rosemarra key jeevan key abhyaas mein aavashyak hain...phir, main usa bindu taka kaam kartaa huun jahaan yeh kuchh aur hoe jaataa haye, jahaan kayapalat hoe jaataa haye."
phir seey, charles mervedar key saath 1998 key ack sakshatkar mein, salcedo ney roopaantaran kii iss dhaarana parr prakaash daala, jisamen darshak key anubhav kaa varnan karate hue usaki apani kalaatmak marammat yaa ateet kii bahaali kaa varnan kiya gayaa. 
pratyek darshak kaa maun chintan kaary mein dekhe gaye jeevan koo phir seey prakat honey detaa haye. parivartan hotaa haye, jaise kii peedit kaa anubhav pahunch rhaa hoe...murtikala anubhav koo kuchh vartamaan key roop mein prastut karati haye-ack vaastaviktaa joe pratyek manushya kii khamoshi key bheetar pratidhwanit hoti haye joe ise dekhta haye."
salcedo ateet kii vastuon koo niyojit kartaa haye, itihas kii ack mahatvapurna bhavna seey otprot vastuein aur inn samkaaleen smriti moortiyon key madhyam seey, samay key pravaah koo darshaata haye. vaha ateet aur vartamaan mein shamil hoe jaati haye, jise vaha apoorna samajhati haye usaki marammat karati haye aur hyusen kii nazar mein, "ack rasaatal key kinare parr smriti" prastut karati haye...shaabdik arth mein smriti...aur prakriya key roop mein smriti."
sthaapanaaen.
salcedo kaa kaam teji seey sthaapana-adharit hoe gayaa haye. vaha kalaa aur vatavaran banaane key liye gallery sthaanon yaa asamanya sthaanon kaa upayog karati haye joe raajneetik aur aitihaasik roop seey aaveshit hain. "navambar 6 aur 7" (2002) 6 aur 7 navambar, 1985 koo bogota mein sarvocch nyayalaya key hinsak kabze kii satrahavin varshgaanth kii yaad mein ack kaary haye. usey 53 ghante (mool gherabandi kii avadhi) key dauran chhat parr vibhinn binduon seey neeche kii jaa rahee imarat key agrabhag key khilaf lakadi kii kursiyaan rakhane mein samay lagaa. salcedo ney ise "smriti kaa ack kaary" banaane key roop mein kiya. uska lakshya usa sthaan koo phir seey basana thaa jise bhulaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
2003 mein, ack kaam mein jise unhone "8vein istambul dvivaarshik key liye sthaapana" kahaa, unhone ack aam sadak mein ack sthaapana kii jisamen dou imaraton key beach kii jagah mein 1,500 lakadi kii kursiyon koo anishchit roop seey rakhaa gayaa thaa.
2005 mein, castello dee rivoli mein, salcedo ney gallery kii maujooda walt eent kii chhat kaa vistaar karke sansthaan key pramukh kamaron mein seey ack parr phir seey kaam kiya. maujooda sthaan koo sookshm roop seey badalate hue, "abis" koo karawas aur kabr key vichaaron koo jagaane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa.
2007 mein, salcedo landan mein aadhunik gallery key unilever turbine holl key liye kaam karane key liye niyukt honey vaali aathvin kalakar bunn gaee, jisake liye unhone "shibboleth" banaaya, ack 167 meater lambi daraar joe holl key farsh kii lambai ("oopar chitrit") haye joe salcedo kaa kahana haye kii "seemaon, pravasiyon key anubhav, algaav key anubhav, nasleeya nafrat key anubhav kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. yeh europe key dill mein aaney vaale teesare vishva key vyakti kaa anubhav haye. iss tarah seey unaki sthaapana ney bahishkaran, algaav aur anyata kaa pratinidhitva kiya.
pradarshani.
salcedo ney kaarnegi international (1995), xxiv são paulo dvivaarshik (1998), trace, dha liverpool dvivaarshik samkaaleen kalaa (1999), dastaavez xi, kasel (2002), 8vaan istanbul dvivaarshik (2003), 'neohoodu', pss1 samkaaleen kalaa kendra, newyork, menil sangrah, huston (2008), 'dha nyu decor', hayward gallery, landan (2010), aur oberlin college mein elen memorial art museum (2014-15) sahit antarrashtriya star parr samooh pradarshaniyon mein pradarshan kiya haye. ekal pradarshaniyon mein samkaaleen kalaa kaa nayaa sangrahalaya, newyork (1998), aadhunik kalaa kaa saine francisco sangrahalaya (1999 aur 2005), tett britten, landan (1999), camden arts center, landan (2001), white cube, landan (2004), tett modern, landan (2007), 80 's: aeye topology (2007), aur inhotim, centro dee arte contemper, bello horizona, (2008) shamil hain. aprail 2010 seey farwari 2013 taka, kalakar kii sthaapana "plageria mudaa" ney poore europe aur dakshin america mein sangrahalayon kii yatra kii, jisamen muek, mexico; moderna musit, malmo aur cam gulbenkian, lisban (2011); maxxi rome aur pinakoteka saao paulo (2012), samkaaleen kalaa kaa sangrahalaya, shikago (2015), aur soloman aar shamil hain. guggenheim sangrahalaya. (2015); aur harvard kalaa sangrahalaya (2016).
vyaktigat kalakritiyon kaa vishleshan.
istanbul dou oonchi shahari imaraton key beach 1,550 kursiyon seey banaa ack pratishthaan haye. iss tukade key saath salcedo kaa vichaar yuddh kii sthalaakriti banaane kaa thaa."vaha yeh kahakar spasht karati haye kii yeh" "samanya roop seey yuddh kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye haye naa kii ack vishisht aitihaasik ghatana kaa. salcedo ney kahaa kii "madhya istambul mein dou imaraton key beach inn 1,550 lakadi kii kursiyon koo dher hotey hue dekhkar, mujhe saamoohik kabron kii yaad aaa gaee haye. agyaat peediton key. main arajakta aur anupasthiti donon key baare mein sochata huun, yuddh key samay kii hinsa key dou prabhaav."salcedo bataate hain", main inn tukadon seey joe baahar nikalane kii koshish curr rhaa huun vaha vaha tatva haye joe humm sabhi mein aam haye." aur yuddh kii sthiti mein, humm sabhi ise peedit yaa aparaadhi key roop mein usee tarah seey anubhav karate hain. isaliye main koee vishesh kahani naheen sunaa rhaa huun. main kewal anubhavon koo sambodhit curr rhaa huun.2007 mein, istanbul mein salcedo kii sthaapana key chaar saal baad, ack anya kalakar, cheeni asantusht aaee vve ney apane tukade" "purry kathaa" "mein smriti prabhaav banaane key liye kursiyon kaa upayog kiya. unhone germany key kasel mein dastaavez 12 mein 1001 ming aur king rajvansh kii kursiyon kaa sett sthaapit kiya, 1001 visthaapit cheeni yaatriyon mein seey pratyek key liye ack kursi. unakaa lekh cheeni visthaapan parr kendrit thaa, joe salcedo key samaan vishay thaa.
attrabilliories ack aisee sthaapana haye jisamen plywood, joote, pashu fiber, dhaga aur bhed kii khaal sabhi chhah alag-alag sthaanon mein shamil hain. usake puraane jooton mein, jode aur ekal mein, chitrashala kii deewaar mein alkov yaa aalaa key ander parbhasi jaanvaron kii twacha kii chadaron key peechhe dhake hue hain. twacha koo chikitsa taanke key saath deewaar parr kurkura silvaya jaataa haye. neeche kii manjil parr usee janwar kii twacha seey baney kuchh chhote dibbe hain. pahane hue joote sabhi una mahilaaon key they joe 'gayab' hoe gaeen, aur peediton key parivaaron dwara unhein daan curr diyaa gayaa thaa. attrabilliories" mein inn jooton kaa upayog una logon kii smriti koo ujagar karane key liye haye jinake bhaagya aur thikaane agyaat hain. salcedo ney iska varnan kiya haye kii "vartamaan aur ateet key beach sthaayi roop seey nilambit" honah. isaliye, "attrabilliaries" "naa kewal gayab honey kaa ack chitra haye, balki jeevit bache logon kii anishchitata, lalsa aur shoke kii mansik sthiti kaa ack chitra haye."salcedo naa kewal hinsa key bhaya koo vyakt karane kii koshish curr rhaa haye, balki yaatana key samay logon key prabal honey key tareeke kii jaanch karane, apane shaaririk aur manovaigyaanik ghaavon kii marammat karane key saath-saath pratirodh badhaane aur laapata logon koo yaad karane kii bhee koshish curr rhaa haye.
shibboleth landan mein aadhunik trait mein unake turbine holl kii sthaapana thee. salcedo bhautik imarat koo badalane vaale pahale kalakar they. salcedo ney iss tukade kaa upayog una sabhi anyaayon key peediton koo aavaaj dene key liye kiya jinhone logon koo alag curr diyaa haye aur unhein ack dusare key khilaf sashastr kiya haye. turbine holl koo ack sthaapana seey bharane key bajaay, usane farsh mein ack bhoomigat ghaav khola joe poorv bijli station kii poori lambai koo faila detaa thaa. daraar kii concreet kii deevaaren ack steel kii jaali kii baad seey toot gaee theen, jisase ack dusare kaa virodh karane vaale tatvon key beach tanaav paida hoe gayaa thaa aur saath hii ack dusare parr nirbhar thaa. sthaapana mukhya pravesh dwaar parr ack patali, lagbhag adrishya rekha key roop mein shuru hui aur dheere-dheere door key chhor parr ack khaai mein chaudi hoe gaee. yeh design vishesh roop seey columbia kii apani matribhoomi mein uttar-aupaniveshik sanskritiyon key tootane aur algaav koo ujagar karane key liye thaa. "shibboleth" ney vaichaarik neenv kii baatchit key baare mein sawal uthaaye, jinn parr aadhunikta kii paschimi dhaaranaaen banaai gaee hain aur naslavaad aur upaniveshvaad key baare mein sawal uthaaye joe aadhunik duniya key antargat aatey hain. naslavaad kaa itihas", salcedo ney kahaa, "aadhunikta key itihas key samanantar chalata haye aur yeh iska ankaha kaalaa paksh haye.shibboleth" key saath, salcedo ney sabhi samajon mein maujood ack badey, samajik roop seey bahishkrit nimn varg key astitva parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. salcedo ney kahaa kii turbine holl key farsh koo todana aadhunikta mein hii fracture kaa prateek haye. isane darshakon seey itihas aur logon key baare mein asahaj sachchai kaa saamana karane kaa aagrah kiya. daraar ameer aur garib key beach vibhajan kaa bhee pratinidhitva karati haye, joe apekshaakrit cumm shuru hoe sakata haye lekin antatah ack mahaan vibhajan mein badal sakata haye joe sanskritiyon koo nasht karane mein saksham haye. show key samaapan parr daraar poori hoe gaee thee, phir bhee ack sliver haye joe hamesha farsh mein rahega.
flore dee pl ack kamare key aakar kii sthaapana haye jise pahali baar saarvajanik roop seey harvard kalaa sangrahalayon mein salcedo kii 2016-2017 ekal pradarshani, "doris salcedoh dha materiality off song" mein pradarshit kiya gayaa haye. "ack phool dee peel", 340 semi x 500 semi maapane vaalaa, hajaaron sanrakshit, haath seey seevan laal gulab kii pankhudiyon kaa ack tapestry haye, joe farsh parr naram roop seey laharaata haye. parivartan kii sthiti mein nilambit, pankhudiyan jeevan aur mrityu key beach rahati hain aur itani kamjor hoti hain kii chhoone parr way toot jaati hain. kalakar kaa irada thaa kii yeh kaam ack nurse key liye ack cuffon hoe jise kolambiyai yuddh mein yaatana dekar maar diyaa gayaa thaa. salcedo ney 2013 mein gulab kii pankhudiyon aur dhaage key saath kaam karate hue iss tukade koo banaaya; 2014 mein harvard kalaa sangrahalayon dwara "ack phool dee peel" kaa adhigrahan kiya gayaa thaa.
plageria mudaa moortiyon kii ack shrinkhala haye, jisamen seey pratyek dou hastanirmit mejon seey banaa haye, joe lagbhag ack taaboot key aakar aur aakar key samaan hain. ack mez doosari parr ulta hoti haye, jisamen dou mezon key beach ghaas ugati hui mitty jaisi parat hoti haye. "plageria mudaa" kaa anuvaad motey taur parr "mook prarthana" mein hotaa haye, aur yeh giroh hinsa key apraadhiyon aur unake peediton key beach sambandhon parr ack tippani haye, saath hii saath columbia mein saamoohik kabr sthalon koo shraddhanjali haye jahaan giroh hinsa key peediton koo aksar dafnaya jaataa haye.
vartamaan anusandhaan aur vishay.
salcedo ney 1988 seey una logon kaa sakshatkar liya haye jinake rishtedaar sambhavatah kolambiya key grih yuddh aur avaidh nashili davaaon key vyaapaar seey judey sainya adesh seey "gayab" hoe gaye hain. vaha niyamit roop seey parityakt gaanvon, hatyaa sthalon aur saamoohik kabron kaa daura karati haye. salcedo ney bataaya kii vaha kaee varshon seey kewal chhote badlaavon key saath ack hii shodh curr rahee haye. kaee varshon taka unhone yaatana shiviron mein faailen rakhee, jinamen aitihaasik aur adhik samkaaleen donon shivir shamil they. vaha iss baat mein sabse adhik ruchi rakhti haye kii way ack dusare seey kaise bhinn hotey hain kyonki way hamesha alag-alag roopon mein prastut kiye jaate hain. salcedo kaa kahana haye kii unakaa ack dhyaan hamesha raajneetik hinsa parr rhaa haye aur "hinsa hamaare samaaj kii buraaiyon koo paribhaashit karati haye." 
"cuba mein gwantanamo khole jaane parr main hairan thaa, kyonki cuba pahala sthaan thaa jahan ack yaatana shivir thaa. vaastav mein yeh ack spanish aavishkaar thaa. ack spanish general, martinez campos ney 1896 mein socha thaa. usa samay unhone ise cuba mein lagu kiya thaa. yeh dekhana aashcharyajanak haye kii yeh kaise poorna vritt mein aaya haye. abb aapke paas cuba mein phir seey gwantanamo haye. lekin nishchit roop seey dakshin africa mein unnisvin shatabdi key anta mein angrejon key paas yeh thaa. taba germans key paas yeh paschim africa mein thaa. phir aapke paas hatyaa key khet, jabaran shram shivir, gulag hain-soochi antaheen haye. main iss nishkarsh parr pahuncha huun kii sanyukt raajya america mein audyogik jail pranali mein inmein seey kaee tatva hain, jahan loga, vaastav mein binaa kissy kaaran key, marizuana rakhane yaa iss tarah kii cheejon key liye jail jaa rahey hain, jahan kuchh chhote aparaadh aparaadh bunn gaye hain. main vaastav mein jailon mein daale jaa rahey logon kii badee sankhya seey hairan huun. aur mujhe yeh bhee lagata haye kii yeh aashcharyajanak haye kii kaise iss pranali, jail mein honey aur phir baahar jaane key itane saare sampaarshvik prabhaav hain kii aabaadi key kaafee badey hisse koo jeevit rahane kii anumati naheen haye. aabaadi key ack badey hisse koo nagrik adhikaaron seey baahar rakhane key vichaar kaa, kaee, kaee sambhaavanaon seey, tatparya haye kii aapke paas aise loga hain jinhen lagbhag samajik roop seey mrit maanaa jaa sakata haye. samajik roop seey mrit honey kaa kyaa arth haye? jeevit rahane aur bhaag lene mein saksham naheen honey kaa kyaa matlab haye? yeh jeevan mein mrit honey jaisa haye. yahee vaha haye jiss parr main abb shodh curr rhaa huun, aur yahee vaha drishtikon haye jise main lambe samay seey dekh rhaa huun."

