antonio francisco javier alvares

antonio francisco javier alvares (alvares maar julius) (29 aprail 1836-23 sitambar 1923) shuru mein gova mein roman catholic church mein ack pujari they. vaha malankara roodhivaadi siriyai church mein shamil hoe gayaa aur malankara roodhivaadi siriyai church mein gova, sealon aur grater india key mahanagariya kshetra mein unnat hoe gayaa.
praarambhik jeevan.
alvares kaa janm purtagaali bhaarat key gova key verna mein ack goan catholic parivaar mein huaa thaa.
purohit.
alvares koo 1862 yaa 1864 mein bishap walter steins esje, bambe mein wicker apostolic dwara ack roman catholic pujari niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. alvares ney gova key archbishop key tahat gova key archdiosis mein apana mantralaya shuru kiya. purtagaali taaj ney padrodo (14veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein pope dwara diye gaye shaahi sanrakshan kaa pope visheshaadhikaar) key puraane visheshadhikaron key aadhar parr inn kshetron parr daavaa kiya. adhik aadhunik pope aur vishvaas key prachaar key liye mandali ney inn kshetron koo alag curr diyaa aur unhein gair-purtagaali bishapon dwara shaasit apostolic vikaari key roop mein punargathit kiya, kyonki angreji shasakon kii ichcha thee kii gair-purtagaali bishap houn.
lagaatar purtagaali sarkaaron ney isake khilaf ladaai ladee, ise baad mein pope dwara purtagaali taaj koo shaahi sanrakshan key aparivartaniya anudan key khilaf anyaaypurna aakraamakta key roop mein varnit kiya, ack andolan joe purtagaali taaj key praja, gova key deshbhakton mein fail gayaa.
jaba pope payas ix aur pope leo xiii key tahat, british bhaarat mein padanukram koo aupchaarik roop seey purtagaal seey swatantra roop seey punargathit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin purtagaali sahamati seey, dow. pedro manoil lisboa pinto aur alvares shaahi sanrakshan kii raksha key liye samaaj key roop mein aur inn parivartanon key virodh mein british bhaarat sarkaar aur purtagaali sarkaar key khilaf andolan kiya.
roodhivaadi church key saath ekjut honah.
unakaa andolan parivartanon koo ulatane mein whiffle rhaa. purtagaali sarkaar seey naraj hocker, samooh catholic church seey alag hoe gayaa aur malankara roodhivaadi siriyai church mein shamil hoe gayaa.
bishap.
alvares koo 28 julaai 1889 koo kottayam key roodhivaadi bishap, pollus maar athanasius dwara, antioc ignatius peater IV key siriyai roodhivaadi kulpati kii anumati seey selon, gova aur bhaarat key autocephalus lattin raait key archbishop key roop mein pavitra kiya gayaa thaa.
jaba vaha catholic church key pujari they, taba way bible key anusaar sachche isai, pavitra, catholic aur apostolic church kii talash mein they. vaha jhoothi bhakti aur dhaarmik pradarshani key khilaf they. unhone pope key samjhaute aur church prashaasan mein sarkaar key hastakshep parr apatti jataai. vaha church aur nagrik shaktiyon dwara usey diye gaye utpeedan kaa saamana naheen curr sakaa. vaha paschimi aur purvi churchon mein gayaa aur anta mein maliankara aaya aur malankara roodhivaadi siriyai church mein shamil hoe gayaa. dusaron key liye achche vishvaas aur dharmanishtha aur sachche sammaan kaa shreya, unhein 29 julaai 1889 koo kottayam mein joseph maar dionysius, parumala key geevargees maar gregorios, kandanadu key maar paulos evanios aur marhanasios (kadvil) dwara bishap key roop mein pavitra kiya gayaa thaa. unhein malabar koo chhodkar selon, gova aur bhaarat key mahanagariya archbishop key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa.
jaba joseph rene vilate catholic church dwara maanyata praapt aadeshon key saath ack bishap dwara abhishek key liye anurodh curr rahey they, tou unhein alvares key liye nirdeshit kiya gayaa, joe sanyukt roop seey maar athanasius key saath they, aur siriyai roodhivaadi kulpati kii anumati seey, 1892 mein british selon key columbo mein unhein pavitra kiya gayaa. yeh alvares kaa girjaghar bunn gayaa.
alvares columbo, srilanka, brahmaavar aur kalianpur, karnatak key judvaan gaanvon mein rahate they aur anta mein ribandar, gova mein rahate they, jahan unaki pechish seey mrityu hoe gaee aur unhein dafnaya gayaa.
sanyukt raajya key vanijya doot key roop mein apani kshamata mein kaary karate hue, pinto ney alvares aur vilate key abhishek dekhe.
purtagaali gova mein.
kyonki alvares koo shasakon dwara gova mein swatantra roop seey kaam karane kii anumati naheen thee. way jyaadaatar karnatak key kenra kshetra mein sthit they aur brahmaavar mein mukhya aadhar thaa. vaha rev key saath. aff. aar. roque jeffrin noronha ney manglaur seey bombe taka bhaarat key paschimi tata parr logon key beach kaam kiya. lagbhag 5000 parivaar roodhivaadi church mein shamil hoe gaye. unhone rev koo niyukt kiya. aff. aar. joseph kanyanthra, rev. aff. aar. 15 octuber 1911 koo brahmaavar mein leukos kannamkot aur decan david kunnamkulam.
alvares aur pinto ney shaahi church aur roodhivaadita seey kaee govon koo aakarshit karane key apane prayason koo jaari rakhaa. brahmavar (gova) roodhivaadi church (bee. oh. see.) iss lakshya mein whiffle rhaa, kyonki iss samooh key baahar bahut cumm gova key loga iss sampradaay mein chaley gaye.
british sealon mein.
alvares paanch saal seey adhik samay taka sealon (srilanka) mein rhaa. vahaan unhone 1892 mein parumala key maar gregorios kii upasthiti mein bishap key roop mein vilaate koo pavitra kiya.
vilaate koo pavitra karane vaalaa sampradaay malankara siriyai roodhivaadi church kaa ack hissa thaa jisamen lattin sanskar kaa vansh thaa. vee. nagam aaya ney "travancore raajya niyamavali" mein likhaa haye kii alvares "unake church koo antioc key siriyai church kii lattin shakha key roop mein varnit kartaa haye."
pavitra sabhaa ney dou saha-maujooda adhikaar kshetron, padrodo adhikaar kshetra aur vishvaas adhikaar kshetra key prachaar key liye mandali koo samekit karane kii maang kii. padrodo purtagaal koo diye gaye sanrakshan kaa visheshaadhikaar thaa, jisane africa aur purvi bhaarat mein episcopal aur anya karyalayon aur laabhon key liye ummidvaaron koo naamit karane kaa adhikaar diyaa; isake alawa, yeh missionaryon key liye church key rajaswa key ack hisse kaa adaan-pradaan thaa aur una kshetron mein dhaarmik pratishthanon koo daan thaa. samay key saath ise pavitra darshan dwara missions key liye ack baadha key roop mein dekhaa gayaah purtagaali sarkaar samjhaute kii sharton kaa paalan karane mein whiffle rahee; yeh daavaa karke sanrakshan kii seema key baare mein asahmat thee kii samjhaute koo pope alekjendar vee key daan key bulls aur tordicillas kii sandhi dwara pratibandhit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki rome ney kahaa kii samjhauta vijayi deshon taka hii seemit thaa; aur, missionary bishap yaa paadari apostolic kii pope niyuktiyon kaa virodh kiya, joe isaki sahamati key binaa kiye gaye they, una deshon mein joe kabhi bhee isake prabhutva key adheen naheen they. sankraman key hisse key roop mein, gova key catholic pujaariyon dwara seva kiye jaane vaale church 1843 taka purvi indies key kulpita key adhikaar kshetra mein rahey. baad mein, iss sankraman mein deree hui aur ise 1883-12-31 taka badhaa diyaa gayaa. british selon mein, yeh 1887 mein ack pope decree kii upasthiti key saath samaapt huaa jisane desh mein sabhi catholics koo dweep key bishap key vishesh adhikaar kshetra mein rakhaa. usa upaay ney pratirodh kaa saamana kiya. alvares aur dow. pedro manoel lisboa pinto ney gova, purtagaali bhaarat mein sthaapana kii, joe pedrodo kii raksha key liye ack sangathan haye. phir, jee key anusaar. bartas, mein, unhone shikayat kii kii nae diosis aur vicariots kaa netritva lagbhag vishesh roop seey, europeeya prelate aur missionaryon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur vishuddh roop seey deshi padanukram key nirmaan key liye pavitra see koo yachika dee. bartas ney yeh naheen bataaya kii kyaa koee pratikriya millie thee, lekin likhaa kii alvares ney khud koo apane matbhed key pramukh key roop mein phir seey sthaapit karke, selon mein dikhaai dekar, aur parapandel key gaanv mein mukhya puraane gova purtagaali churchon mein baskar kathinaaee kaa samadhan kiya. alvares ack roman catholic brahmin thaa. aaya ney likhaa kii alvares, ack shikshit vyakti aur ack catholic patrika key sampaadak, gova key mahanagariya archdiosis mein ack pujari they. purvi indies key kulpita key saath sauhaardpurna sambandh banaae rakhane mein whiffle rahane parr, alvares ney dha koo chhod diyaa aur kottayam mein maar dionysius mahanagar mein shamil hoe gaye, jinhone alvares koo bishap key roop mein pavitra kiya. baad mein, vaha alvares maar julius "sealon, gova aur indies key archbishop" kii upaadhi key saath laute, aur jaffna key roman catholic diosis aur dweep parr columbo key roman catholic archdiosis mein lagbhag 20 parrish mein apane matbhed mein shamil hoe gaye.
michael roberts, "srilanka journal off soshal science" mein, british sealon mein praarambhik raashtravaad key bheetar teen samoohon kaa varnan karate hain. sabse pramukh samooh, "atee-aadhunik samvaidhaanikvaadi", sanskriti aur moolya pranali key saath kaafee pashchimeekaran, jiska mukhya lakshya sarkaar mein adhik bhagidari thee; doosara samooh, "halke-kattarpanthi", jiska pratinidhitva pinton jaise netaaon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, raajneetik kattarpanth aur adhik kattarpanthi trade yuniyanon mein ruchi key saath ack shram andolan thaa; teesara samooh, "dhaarmik-saanskritik punarutthaanvaadi", paaramparik moolyon vaale singhali bauddh ", jisane paschimi paith dwara utpann parivartanon parr ugravaadi apatti vyakt kii."roberts ney likhaa kii teenon samoohon ney dusaron key saath baatchit kii aur sadasyon key beach swadeshi, bhaaratiya aur berger loga they, ack jatil samajik tapestry mein jinake sadasyon ney samay key saath samooh sambaddhata bhee badal dee. pinto key prachaar seey prabhaavit hocker columbo mein sabse badey prakaashak parr sitambar 1893 mein hadtaal hui. agale dinn, pinto navgathit printer sangh key adhyaksh baney. "printers kii mukhya shikayaton mein cumm vetan aur kharaab kaam karane aur rahane kii sthiti shamil thee."
peater-bayne smitt key anusaar, "itihas mein puraane catholic aur phillippeans key swatantra church" mein, utrecht (yuyu) key antarrashtriya puraane catholic bishap sammelan (ibc) key sangh ney 1902 mein pravesh key anurodh parr charcha kii. smitt ney dekhaa kii pichhale "anubhavon ney kiya thaa... satark, joe unaki raay mein samoohon key saath sampark kii viphalata kaa ack kaaran thaa... sealon... aur anya deshon koo poorna samudaay key sambandhon mein vikasit karna."laa crokes", "selon key catholic doot ney bataaya kii 1902 mein alvares matbhed samaapt hoe gayaa. bartas ney alvares kii vichardhara key mahatva koo naheen bataaya, unhone kewal yeh nott kiya kii 1902 key aspas, matbhed kaa uddeshya purvi roodhivaad mein nigamit roop seey parivartit karna thaa. columbo mein cathedral mein ack pujari thaa, alvares, joe umr mein kaafee unnat thaa. unhone aur unake paadari sabhaa ney athens mein church off grees key pavitra paadari mandal seey unhein apane adhikaar kshetra mein sweekaar karane aur unhein lattin aur angreji mein prachaar karane vaale ack karyavahak pujari koo bhejane key liye kahaa. bartas ney likhaah
lekin yunani pavitra sabhaa paadari sabhaa ney kalkutta key roodhivaadi basti key pramukh archimendrite german kazakhs dwara pradaan kii gaee jaankaari parr pratibimbit kiya, isake alawa paritian key aavedan mein unhone khud koo roodhivaadi ghoshit kiya lekin phir bhee roman catholic dhaarmik anushthaan, sanskar aur bhakti kaa paalan kiya. smith key anusaar, "sambhavatah dou churchon key sambandhit udbhavon key beach ack saadrishya dekhate hue", sachiv stephen silva ney 1903 mein phillippeans key swatantra church key gregorio aglipe seey shikayat kii kii "rome seey swatantra roop seey kaam karane key liye paryaapt pujari naheen mill sakate hain."bartas ney 1904 mein likhaa kii inn paristhitiyon mein yunani pavitra sabhaa" "nissandeh apani pratikriya koo sthagit karna jaari rakhegi" ". smith ney ullekh kiya kii way 1910 key dashak mein yunani roodhivaadi church key saath sambandh banaane mein bhee whiffle rahey."1913 mein, adrian kille ney" "chhote purvi churchon" "mein alvares key gutt koo" "mukhya roop seey bheekh maangane vaale patron key liye prasiddh" "key roop mein varnit kiya, joe way inn patron koo praapt karane vaale logon koo sandeh paida karate hain kii way vaastav mein kaun hoe sakate hain."
shikshak.
alvares ack vidwan, uchch siddhanton key vyakti they aur ack durjeya vyaktitva key they. unhone ack college khola jahan gova key pujari purtagaali, lattin, french aur darshan sikha rahey they. 1912 mein alvares ney panaji mein ack angreji school khola. donon ney thode samay key liye kaam kiya.
samajik karyakarta.
usa samay gova maleria, typhoid, chechak, haija aur plaig jaisi mahamari seey aksar prabhaavit thaa. alvares ney haija key upchaar parr ack parcha prakaashit kiya. vaha gova mein bhojan kii kamee key baare mein chintit they aur logon seey sastaa bhojan banaane kii appeal kii. unhone kasawa kii kheti key baare mein ack pustika prakaashit kii.
daan key doot.
1871 mein, unhone garibon kii madad karane key liye panaji mein ack dharmarth sangathan shuru kiya, jisaki shuruat bhatakate bhikhaariyon seey hui. kuchh varshon key baad unhone gova key anya shaharon mein bhee iss sangathan kaa vistaar kiya. apane jeevan key antim duss varshon key dauran unhone apani gatividhiyon koo panaji mein kendrit kiya. unake ghar mein garibon aur besahara logon key saath-saath kushth roga aur tapedik key rogiyon koo bhee rakhaa jaataa thaa. vaha binaa aaya key bhikhaari thaa. ack dinn alvares ney ack dukaandaar seey yogdan key liye anurodh kiya, lekin dukaandaar ney katori mein thook diyaa. binaa gusse mein aae, alvares ney kahaa, "thheek haye, main ise apane liye rakhunga. abb, garibon key liye kuchh dein."dukaandaar ney udaartaa seey yogdan diyaa.
deshbhakt aur sant.
yeh padnam gova key itihaskaron dwara alvares koo diyaa gayaa thaa. roodhivaadi church mein shamil honey key baad, alvares koo roman catholic church seey bahishkrit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unhein catholic church aur purtagaali sarkaar dwara sataaya gayaa thaa. haalaanki unhein unake kuchh puraane doston dwara catholic church key saath phir seey judane kii salah dee gaee thee, vishesh roop seey jaba way bahut beemar they, unhone incar curr diyaa aur apane roodhivaadi vishvaas parr adig rahey.
shaheed.
alvares ney malankara roodhivaadi siriyai church koo apanaaya. unhein bahishkrit aur prataadit kiya gayaa thaa. unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa, unake episcopal vastron koo utaar diyaa gayaa aur sadak key madhyam seey unake underwear mein pulis lock-upp mein leey jaaya gayaa aur binaa bistar yaa kursi key ack gandi jail kothri mein rakhaa gayaa. usey jabaran apane cross aur angoothi seey vanchit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe usane episcopal prateek chinh pahana huaa thaa. usey peeta gayaa aur adalat mein pesh kiya gayaa. lekin sarkaar aaropon koo saabit naheen curr sakee aur unhein burry curr diyaa gayaa. kuchh dinon key baad, unhein phir seey giraftar kiya gayaa aur una parr uchch rajdroh key aparaadh kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa, lekin phir seey nyaay ney unhein nirdosh paaya. unhein abb apane episcopal vastron kaa upayog karane kii anumati naheen thee aur unhone ack kaalaa vastra pahana thaa. jaba unhein sataaya gayaa thaa, tou roodhivaadi church key loga paas mein naheen they kyonki unake paas malankara roodhivaadi siriyai church seey koee samarthan yaa vyakti naheen thaa.
mrityu.
23 sitambar 1923 koo ack dharmarth sansthaan ribandar aspatal mein alvares kii pechish seey mrityu hoe gaee. vaha roodhivaadi naamit logon dwara dafnaya jaanaa chaahata thaa aur isake liye koee catholic pujari naheen honah chaahata thaa. mukhya nyayadhish key netritva mein nagrik samiti ney bhavya antim sanskar kii vyavastha kii. unakaa shav 24 ghante taka nagar nigam key holl mein padaa rhaa. samachar patra alvare key baare mein lekhon aur shraddhanjali seey bharey hue they. haalaanki sarkaar dwara alvares koo dushman maanaa jaataa thaa, governor general ney apana pratinidhi bheja. hajaaron logon, vishesh roop seey garibon aur bhikhaariyon ney apana antim sammaan diyaa. uchch ganmaanya vyaktiyon dwara antim sanskar bhaashan diye gaye. unaki mrityu key agale dinn, ack antim sanskar julus panji kii sabhi mukhya sadakon parr chalaa gayaa aur sent key ack sunsan koney mein samaapt huaa. inez kabristan jahan unake shareer koo binaa kissy antim sanskar key dafan kiya gayaa thaa.
pooja.
1927 mein, unake doston aur prashansakon dwara unaki haddiyon koo ekatra kiya gayaa, ack seesa boxes mein rakhaa gayaa aur shilalekh key saath ack sangamarmar key slab key neeche phir seey dafnaya gayaa, "(paadari antonio francisco javier alvares kii yaad mein, joe bahut hii maanviya missionary aur ack mahaan deshbhakt they) aur kabristan mein sabse badaa cross.
1967 mein, keral key baahari praant key mahanagariya mathh key sadasya maar athnasios ney poochtaachh kii aur gova kii apani yatra key dauran kabr paaee. ribandar mein ack chhote seey church kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa aur 1979 mein, alvares key avasheshon koo alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur bombe diosis key mahanagariya philipose maar theophilose dwara church mein rakhaa gayaa thaa.
jaba sent. mairi key church kaa usee sthaan parr punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, alvares key avasheshon koo vartamaan asthipanjar mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa jise vishesh roop seey 6 octuber 2001 koo moran maar baselios maar thoma mathuse II, poorv key catholic dwara vedi key kinare banaaya gayaa thaa.
alvares key avashesh sent mein dafan kiye gaye hain. ribandar mein mairi kaa roodhivaadi church. haalaanki mandali chhoti thee, lekin brahmavar roodhivaadi samudaay alvares kii mrityu key lagbhag ack shatabdi baad bhee jeevit rhaa haye. unakaa ducrono, ack smaarak dawat, sent mein manaaya jaataa haye. mairi kaa roodhivaadi siriyai church harr saal 23 sitambar koo ribandar mein hotaa haye.
kaary yaa prakaashan.
samachar patra.
alvare ney kaee patrikaaen shuru keen; unamen seey adhikansh shikshaatmak aur janata key adhikaar key samarthak they. way sarkaar key aalochak they. adhikansh patrikaon koo pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa aur kuchh varshon key baad prakashanon koo bund karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa.

