
sangeet koklari

musine koklari (10 farwari 1917-14 agast 1983) albania key poorv-saamyavaadi kaal mein ack albanian gadya lekhak aur rajneta they. vaha 1943 mein albania kii samajik-loktaantrik party kii sansthaapak theen. koklari albania kii pahali prakaashit mahila lekhakon mein seey ack theen. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran rajneeti mein ack chhoti see bhagidari key baad, unhein albania mein saamyavaadi shasson dwara prataadit kiya gayaa thaa, aur abb unhein likhane kii anumati naheen thee. vaha garibi aur poorna algaav mein marr gaee.
jeevan.
praarambhik jeevan.
musine kaa janm 10 farwari, 1917 koo dakshini turkey key adana mein huaa thaa. unake daadaa, hamit koklari ney turkey mein dharamshastra aur darshan mein apani uchch shiksha poori kii thee aur unhein usa samay key buddhijiviyon kaa hissa maanaa jaataa thaa, jiss kshetra seey way utpann hue they. unake pitaa, reshati ney istambul mein kaanoon kii padhaai kii thee, jahan way apane parivaar key saath buss gaye they. parivaar mein sabse chhoti thee, jabaki usake teen anya bhaai mumtaj, vesimi aur hamiti they, jinaki bhashai-saahitya aur kanuni donon kshetron mein achchi shiksha thee. unake janm key teen saal baad, sangeet kaa parivaar albania laut aaya aur apane grihnagar, gerocaster mein buss gayaa.
vaha kitaabon, gramophone parr suney jaane vaale sangeet aur vishesh roop seey pariyon kii kahaaniyon, kahaaniyon aur paaramparik albanian geeton key beach pully-badhee, jabaki usane shahar mein praathamik vidyalaya kaa ack hissa bhee puuraa kiya. phir vaha sansthaan "motrat qiriyaazi" aur uchch vidyalaya "naana mabretneshe" key paas tirana chully gaeen, jahan unhone 1937 taka adhyayan kiya. unhone lekhan key madhyam seey utkrisht parinam hassil kiye jinhone turant saahitya, bhashavigyan, bhasha vigyaan, nasl vigyaan, albanian bauddhik mandaliyon key lokkathaon key adhyayan key vyaktitvon kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya, jinake saath yuva sangeet koo sampark mein aaney kaa avsar milaa. unake bhaai vesimi key swaamitva vaali "venus" pustak kii dukaan, albanian rajdhani mein sandarbh aur saanskritik gaharaai kaa ack mahatvapurna bindu bunn gaee, iss tarah key sambandhon mein bhee bhoomika nibhai; saath hii unake dusare bhaai, mumtaj key netritva mein prakaashan ghar "mesagjerite skiptair", jisake madhyam seey edger ellen poe, walter scott, shekspeare, omar khajami, vicent blasco ibanez jaisi buniyaadi kritiyon kaa anuvaad aur prakaashan kiya gayaa.
1937 mein, unhone "stippy" samachar patra mein samajik muddon parr kaee lekh prakaashit karna shuru kiya, joe "muja (muse)" upnaam key tahat likhaa gayaa thaa, joe kii apane aap mein isake vaastavik naam kaa ack shlesh haye.
1938 mein, musine university deagly studdy dee roma "laa sapienza" mein apani vishvavidyalaya kii padhaai shuru karane key liye rome key liye ravaana hogi. ack saal baad unhone apana pahala peshevar kaam likhaa jiska naam thaa "sick mee thote nenua plaake" (jaisa kii boodhi aurat ney mujhe bataaya), "ack kitab joe kewal 1941 mein tirana mein prakaashit hogi. apane prakashanon key saath sangeet ney lasgush poradesi, allie aslani aur sabse badhkar, ernest koliki jaise mahatvapurna lekhakon kii ruchi jagaane mein kamyabi hassil kii thee, joe "laa sapienza" mein "albanian adhyayan sansthaan" key sansthaapak they. koliki jaldi hii yuva lekhak aur shodhkarta key liye sandarbh kaa ack maulik bindu bunn gayaa, joe vaigyaanik aur kavyatmak-saahityik kshetra donon mein anusaran kiya jaane vaalaa ack model thaa. naamik resuli kii dekhrekh mein, musine ney naeem frasheri (1876-1900) parr apane doctorate thesis parr kaam kiya. lambe abhilekhiya shodh key madhyam seey, jisake liye unhein mahaan kavi key potey, mitt 'hutt frasheri dwara sahaayata pradaan kii gaee thee, vaha una bahuayami pahaluon koo vistaar seey darshaati hain joe albania mein naeem frasheri koo rashtriya saahitya kaa prateek banaa chuke hain.
raajneetik jeevan aur karawas.
jaise hii dwiteeya vishva yuddh samaapt huaa, koklari ney khud ack kitab kii dukaan kholi aur unhein 7 octuber, 1945 koo sezfullah maleshova kii adhyakshata mein banaae gaye lekhakon aur kalakaron key albanian sangh kaa sadasya banane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa. harr samay vaha apane dou bhaaiyon, mumtaj aur vejam key mukadame key binaa 12 navambar, 1944 koo communists dwara fansi seey pretvaadhit thee aur spasht roop seey nyaay aur pratishodh kii maang kii thee. 1944 mein khud koo albanian samajik-loktaantrik party aur usake press anga "zeri aaee lyrise" ("swatantrata kii aavaaj") key saath nikatata seey judey honey key kaaran, unhein 17 janwari, 1946 koo giraftar kiya gayaa thaa, aatank key yug mein malshova kii giraftari key saath, aur 2 julaai, 1946 koo, tirana kii sainya adalat ney unhein "logon key vidhvansak aur dushman" key roop mein bees saal kii jail kii sajaa sunai thee."
apani giraftari seey thheek pahale koklari ney sahayogi balon koo ack patra bheja thaa, joe abhee bhee albania kii rajdhani tirana mein sthit they. apane patra mein unhone swatantra chunaav aur abhivyakti kii swatantrata kaa ahwan kiya. mukadame mein, koklari ney nimnalikhit kahaah
mujhe apane desh seey pyaar karane key liye communist honey kii aavashyakta naheen haye. main apane desh seey pyaar kartaa huun, bhale hii main communist naa huun. mujhe isaki pragati pasand haye. aap ghamand karate hain kii aapane yuddh jeet liya haye, aur abb aap vijeta hain jinhen aap raajneetik virodhi kahate hain, unhein mitana chaahte hain. main aapse alag sochata huun lekin main apane desh seey pyaar kartaa huun. aap mujhe merey aadarshon key liye dandit curr rahey hain!
nazarbandi aur mrityu mein jeevan.
1964 mein, mait kshetra key jile mein burel kii jail mein 18 saal bitaane key baad, alag-thalag aur nirantar nigrani mein, unhone apane jeevan key agale 19 saal uttari albania key reshen shahar mein nazarbandi mein bitaaye, jahan unhein ack streetweeper key roop mein kaam karna padaa. unhein kabhi bhee apana lekhan phir seey shuru karane kii anumati naheen dee gaee.
agast 1983 mein cancer key saath ack tej ladaai key baad, atyadhik garibi mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
prakaashan.
unhone, chaubis varsh kii ayu mein, vaastav mein pahale seey hii apani mool gerocasterian bolly mein duss yuva gadya kathaaon kaa ack praarambhik 80-prishth sangrah prakaashit curr diyaa thaah "jaisa kii merrie boodhi maan mujhe bataati hain", tirana, 1941. yeh aitihaasik sangrah, tosk lokkathaon aur gerocaster kii mahilaaon key dinn-pratidin key sanghrshon seey dridhata seey prerit haye, jise albania mein ack mahila dwara likhit aur prakaashit saahitya kaa pahala kaam maanaa jaataa haye. unake moolya mein gerocaster kii bahut jeevant bolly aur kshetra key prachalit roodhiyaan shamil hain. koklari ney iss pustak koo "ack aisee duniya kaa darpan" kahaa, joe chully gaee, apani dhunon key saath ladki seey shaadi key pahale varshon mein, ack baar phir pitrisattaatmak kattarta kii gulami kii bhaari janjeeron seey bandhi hui, vayask mahila kii duniya mein sankraman kaa maarg."
1943 key madhya mein nexmije jhuglini hoxa key saath milkar sangeet ney mahilaaon key liye patrika "shkiptarja ee ray" kii sthaapana kii. yeh patrika poori tanashahi key dauran jaari rahee aur albanian mukti key baad mahilaaon kii kahaaniyon key liye pahala maarg thaa aur ise albanian sanyukt mahila sangathan dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, jisaki adhyakshata neximize hoxa ney 1946-1952 seey kii thee. ack lekhak key roop mein sangeet kii kalaa aur pratibha ney ise prakaashit karane mein saksham banaaya, jabaki usey giraftar kiya gayaa thaa aur juuna 1946 mein usake mukadame key dauran iss patrika ney usey aatankvaadi kahaa aur "logon key nyaay" seey appeal kii kii vaha sangeet koklari koo sabse bhaari sajaa dey. teen saal baad, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key utaar-chadhaav key bavjood, koklari abb sattais, laghu kathaaon aur rekhaachitron kaa ack lamba sangrah prakaashit karane mein saksham thaa, jiska sheershak thaa "jeevan kaise prabhaavit huaa" (), tirana, 1944, kull 348 prishthon ney unhein-kabhi bhee itane sankshipt roop seey-ack saar lekhak key roop mein sthaapit kiya. unaki lokkathaon kaa ack teesara khand "hearth key aspas" (), tirana, 1944 thaa.
maanyata.
koklari una pahale 30 kaid lekhakon mein seey ack they jinhen 1960 mein teen (antarrashtriya kalam key poorvavarti) kii samiti dwara soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa. 1993 mein koklari koo maranoparant albania key rashtrapati dwara "loktantra kaa shaheed" ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa aur abb tirana mein ack school mein unakaa naam haye.
vaha anglo-kosovan lekhak elizabeth goeing aur robbert wilton dwara likhit nibandh sangrah "noo mains landsah aathh asadharan mahilaaen inn balcon histry" key pramukh vishayon mein seey ack hain.
sandarbh.
"iss lekh mein frocina seey jaankaari haye.org aur iska upayog anumati key saath kiya jaataa haye."
iss paath kaa adhikansh bhaag robbert alysse (2005) "albanian saahityah ack sankshipt itihas", albanian adhyayan kendra, landan, pee. 157.

