
laura baasi

laura maria catarina besi veratti (29 octuber 1711-20 farwari 1778) ack italvi bhautik vigyaani aur shikshaavid they. minerva" (gyaan kii devi) key roop mein pahachaani aur chitrit, vaha vigyaan mein doctorate karane vaali pahali mahila theen, aur darshanshastra kii degree arjit karane vaali duniya kii doosari mahila theen. bologna vishvavidyalaya mein kaam karate hue, vaha ack vishvavidyalaya mein pahali vetanbhogi mahila shikshika bhee theen. ack samay mein vishvavidyalaya kii sabse adhik vetan paane vaali karmchari, apane jeevan key anta taka dou anya professors key roop mein kaaryarat theen. vaha kissy bhee vaigyaanik pratishthaan kii pahali mahila sadasya bhee theen, jaba unhein 1732 mein 21 saal kii umr mein bologna sansthaan kii vigyaan akadami key liye chunaa gayaa thaa.
baasi kii koee aupchaarik shiksha naheen thee aur paanch saal kii umr seey bees saal kii umr taka unhein niji taur parr padhaaya jaataa thaa. taba taka vaha vigyaan aur ganit sahit pramukh vishayon mein paarangat theen. usaki kshamata koo dekhate hue, bologna key archbishop (baad mein pope benedict xiv), prospero lambertini, uska sanrakshak bunn gayaa. lambertini kii vyavastha key saath unhone 17 aprail 1732 koo bologna vishvavidyalaya key professors key saamane saarvajanik roop seey untalis shodh prabandhon kaa bachaav kiya, jisake liye unhein 12 maee koo doctorate kii degree seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. ack maheene baad, unhein vishvavidyalaya dwara isaki pahali mahila shikshak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa, halanki iss pratibandh key saath kii unhein sabhi purush kakshaon koo padhaane kii anumati naheen thee. taba taka pope ney unhein niji kakshaon aur prayogon key liye anumati praapt karane mein madad kii, joe 1740 mein vishvavidyalaya dwara pradaan kiye gaye they.
baasi itali mein neutonian yantriki kaa sabse mahatvapurna lokpriya bunn gayaa. unhein pope dwara 1745 mein ack atirikt sadasya key roop mein benedatini (aadhunik pontifical academy off sciences key samaan) mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. unhone 1776 mein prayogaatmak bhautiki kii kursi sambhali, joe pada unhone apani mrityu taka sambhala. usey bologna key church off corpus domini mein dafnaya gayaa haye.
jeevan.
baasi kaa janm 1711 mein bologna mein ack samriddh vakeel giuseppe baasi aur unaki patni maria rossa sizaari key ghar huaa thaa. unake janm kii sateek tithi 20 octuber, 29 octuber, 31 octuber aur 29 navambar key roop mein dee gaee haye. lekin bologna vishvavidyalaya aur vidvaanon key kaam 29 octuber koo sahmat hain.
baasi niji roop seey shikshit they. unake chachere bhaai lorenzo stagney ney unhein paanch saal kii umr seey lattin, french aur ganit padhaaya. stagney ney naa kewal usey lattin padhana sikhaaya, jaisa kii adhik vishisht thaa, balki lattin mein bolane aur likhane key liye baasi bhee sikhaaya. unhone apane shaikshanik jeevan key dauran lattin mein vyakhyan diyaa aur prakaashit kiya. terah seey bees varsh kii ayu seey unhein bologna vishvavidyalaya mein chikitsa key parivaar chikitsak aur professor getano taconi dwara darshan, tatvamimansa, tark aur praakritik darshan padhaaya gayaa thaa. cumm vivadaspad cartasian shikshaon parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye taconi kii prathamikta key bavjood, baasi dwara neutonian vigyaan mein ruchi kii khoj key baad vaha aur taconi alag honey lagey.
baasi kii shiksha aur buddhi koo samriddh lorenzini lambertini ney dekhaa, joe 1731 mein bologna key archbishop baney (baad mein pope benedict xiv). lambertini baasi kaa aadhikarik sanrakshak bunn gayaa. unhone 17 aprail 1732 koo bologna vishvavidyalaya key chaar professors key beach ack saarvajanik bahas kii vyavastha kii. (gabrielle manfreddy, jacopo bartolomio bekaari aur francosco maria zanotti ney bhaag liya.) 1732 mein, bees saal kii umr mein, baasi ney saarvajanik roop seey palazzo pubblico key saalaa deagly anjiani mein "philosophica stadiya" parr apane untalis shodh prabandhon kaa bachaav kiya. bologna vishvavidyalaya ney unhein 12 maee koo doctorate kii degree seey sammaanit kiya. vaha vigyaan mein doctorate praapt karane vaali pahali mahila baneen, aur duniya mein doosari mahila jinhone 1678 mein elena cornaro piscopia key baad darshanshastra mein doctorate kii upaadhi arjit kii, pachas-chaar saal pahale. taba taka vaha bolonese minerva key roop mein lokpriya theen. vaha 20 march 1732 koo bologna sansthaan kii vigyaan akadami key liye chuni gaee pahali mahila baneen.
7 farwari 1738 koo, baasi ney giuseppe veratti seey shaadi kii, joe ack doctor off medicine aur bologna vishvavidyalaya mein shareer rachana vigyaan key ack saathi vyakhyata they. unhone ack parishkrit kaary sambandh saajha kiya; yeh tark diyaa jaataa haye kii unake vivaah key madhyam seey baasi prayogaatmak bhautiki kaa adhyayan shuru karane key liye prerit they. unake bachchon kii sateek sankhya spasht naheen haye, kyonki kuchh reports mein kahaa gayaa haye kii yeh aathh haye, jabaki anya kahate hain kii baarah hain. bapatisma key abhilekh kewal aathh they. catarina (janm 1739), catarina (janm 1742), aur flaminio (janm 1751) kii mrityu bachpan mein hii hoe gaee. lekin paanch balyavastha mein butch gaeh jiyovanni (1738-1800), joe saine petronio kaa cannon bunn gayaa aur collegio montalto mein dharamshastra kaa professor bunn gayaa; siro (1744-1827); catarina (1745-1768), joe ack nana bunn gaee; giacomo (1749-1818), joe ack cannon bunn gayaa; aur paolo (1753-1831), joe vigyaan sansthaan mein doctor aur prayogaatmak bhautiki kaa professor bunn gayaa aur uttaradhikari paida karane vaalaa ekmatra vyakti.
carrier.
bologna vishvavidyalaya.
27 juuna 1732 koo, baasi ney bologna vishvavidyalaya kii mukhya imarat, archiginacio mein baarah atirikt shodh prabandhon kaa bachaav kiya. yeh vishvavidyalaya kii senate mein ack shikshan pada key liye ack yachika thee. unake shodh prabandhon mein rasayan vigyaan, bhautiki, jalvigyaan, ganit, yantriki aur takneekon jaise vishayon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala shamil thee. 29 octuber 1732 koo, senate aur bologna vishvavidyalaya ney baasi kii ummidwari pradaan kii aur disambar mein praakritik darshan (maanad pada key aadhunik samkaksh) key professor niyukt kiye gaye. vaha duniya kii pahali vetanbhogi mahila vyakhyata baneen, iss prakaar unhone apane shaikshanik currier kii shuruat kii.
unhone joe pahala vyakhyan diyaa thaa, uska sheershak thaa "dee ekwa corpore natural element oh aliorum corporum part universe", jiska motey taur parr lattin seey anuvaad kiya jaa sakata haye, "anya sabhi nikaayon key praakritik tatva key roop mein paani". haalaanki, vishvavidyalaya kaa maanana thaa kii mahilaaon koo niji jeevan jeena haye, isaliye unhein purush shikshakon kii tulanaa mein saarvajanik vyakhyan dene seey adhik pratibandhit kiya gayaa thaa. 1746 seey 1777 taka unhone gurutvaakarshan kii samasya seey laker bijli taka key vishay mein prati varsh kewal ack aupchaarik shodh prabandh diyaa. yeh bataaya gayaa haye kii unhone vishvavidyalaya koo cumm seey cumm iktis shodh prabandh diye. 1739 mein samanya shikshan kartavya key liye unaki yachika koo lambertini aur pope key darbar mein boloni rajdoot key sachiv flamino scarselli dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa. unhein phir seey manaa curr diyaa gayaa, lekin unhein niji paath shuru karane kii anumati dee gaee aur 1759 mein unake ghar parr prayogon key liye dhana diyaa gayaa. isase unhein vishvavidyalaya kii baadhaon seey bachane aur nae vichaaron kaa pataa lagaane kii anumati millie.
senate koo ummeed thee kii baasi vibhinn karyakramon mein bhaag lein kyonki vaha ack prateek aur raajneetik vyakti theen. carnival anatomy, kissy key liye bhee tikat key saath ack saarvajanik vichhedan, ack aisaa karyakram thaa jisamen unake bhaag lene kii ummeed thee kyonki yeh vishvavidyalaya mein saarvajanik jeevan kii ack kendriya visheshta thee jisane kaee videshiyon aur mahatvapurna samudaay key sadasyon kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya thaa. unhone 1734 mein salana iss karyakram mein bhaag lena shuru kiya.
1772 mein praayogik bhautiki key professor paolo bulby kii achaanak mrityu hoe gaee. halanki baasi key pati verati lambe samay taka balby key sahayak they, baasi kaa maanana thaa kii vaha riktiyon koo bhar sakati hain, aur 1776 mein, 65 saal kii umr mein, unhein bologna vigyaan sansthaan dwara prayogaatmak bhautiki kii adhyakshata key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen unake pati ack shikshan sahayak they. dou saal baad vigyaan koo jeevan bhar key liye ack carrier mein badalane aur akaadamik halakon mein mahilaaon kii sthiti koo unnat karane key baad unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
prayogaatmak kaary.
guseppe veratti seey shaadi key baad, vaha niyamit roop seey ghar seey vyakhyan dene mein saksham thee. 1760 key dashak key dauran, baasi aur unake pati ney bijli mein prayogaatmak shodh parr ack saath kaam kiya. isane bijli kaa adhyayan karane key liye abii nollet aur anya logon kii pratibha koo bologna kii or aakarshit kiya.
vaha mukhya roop seey neutonian bhautiki mein ruchi rakhti thee aur 28 varshon taka iss vishay parr pathyakram padhaati thee. vaha itali mein bhautiki aur praakritik darshan key baare mein neuton key vichaaron koo pesh karane mein pramukh hastiyon mein seey ack theen. unhone bhautiki key sabhi pahaluon mein apane swayam key prayog bhee kiye. neutonian bhautiki aur franklinian bijli, joe vishay vishvavidyalaya key pathyakram kaa hissa naheen they, padhaane key liye, baasi ney niji paath diye. apane jivankal mein, vaha 28 shodh patron kii lekhika theen, jinamen seey adhikansh bhautiki aur jalvigyaan parr they, halanki unhone koee pustak prakaashit naheen kii thee. unake kewal chaar kagjat mudrit they.
baasi koo apane prayogon key liye vittiya baadhaon kaa saamana karna padaa, jiska ullekh unhone 16 julaai 1755 koo flaminio scarselli koo likhe ack patra mein kiya, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa, "merey shaaririk prayogon key liye, aur iss tathya koo dekhate hue kii nirantar kharch joe utpann hotaa haye, aggar main unhein aage badhaana chaahata huun aur unhein puuraa karna chaahata huun, tou mujhe kissy prakaar kii sahaayata kii aavashyakta hoti haye, main lagbhag nirasha mein huun."lekin vaha aur dominico gallegy usa samay vishvavidyalaya mein sabse adhik vetan (1,200 leere) dey rahey they.
patrachar.
unaki degree kii raksha, puraskar samaroh aur 1732 mein pahala vyakhyan mahatvapurna thaa kyonki way bologna mein sabse mahatvapurna sarkari bhavanon mein seey ack mein hue they. inn karyakramon mein naa kewal vishvavidyalaya key sankaay aur chhaatr, balki shahar key pramukh raajneetik aur dhaarmik hastiyon-pope key pratinidhi aur upa-pratinidhi, bologna key archbishop, gonflonier, bujurg, senator aur magistrate bhee shamil hue. isake alawa, 'bologna kii sabhi mahilaaen aur sabhi kuleen varg'."
unake sabse mahatvapurna sanrakshkon mein seey ack cardinal prospirio lambertini they, jinhone unake vaigyaanik kaary koo protsaahit kiya. unhone lagaatar bologna vishvavidyalaya kaa samarthan kiya aur jaba sansthaan key anya sadasyon ney baaki professors seey besi koo alag karane kii koshish kii tou unhone hastakshep kiya.
1745 mein, lambertini (abb pope benedict xiv) ney 25 vidvaanon key ack kuleen samooh kii sthaapana kii, jise benedatini ("benedictines", joe unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.) baasi ney iss samooh mein niyukt honey key liye kadee mehnat kii, lekin anya shikshaavidon seey mishrit pratikriya millie. antatah, benedict ney usey ack atirikt sadasya key roop mein niyukt kiya, joe samooh mein ekmatra mahila thee, lekin purushon key roop mein matdan key adhikaar key binaa.
unake vaigyaanik karyon kii kewal ack seemit sankhya bachee hui haye, lekin unakaa vaigyaanik prabhaav unake kaee samvaaddaataon key madhyam seey spasht haye jinamen voltaire, sizere bekkeriya, franco algaroti, roser boskovic, charles bonat, jeane-antoine nollet, paolo frissy, lazaro spalanzani aur alessandro volta shamil hain. voltaire ney ack baar unhein likhaa thaa, "landan mein koee baasi naheen haye, aur mujhe angreji kii tulanaa mein bologna kii aapaki akadami mein shamil honey mein bahut khushi hogi, bhale hii isane ack neuton kaa utpaadan kiya hoe.
francesco algarotti, jinhone 1737 mein apane "neutronianismo parr leey dame" ("neutnism forr ladys") koo prakaashit kiya, ney apane degree samarohon key baare mein kaee kavitaaen likhin.
mrityu.
baasi kii mrityu 20 farwari 1778 koo 66 varsh kii ayu mein hui thee. unakaa swaasthya bigad rhaa thaa, jisake liye unaki kaee garbhadhaaran aur prasav kii jatilataon koo jimmedaar thaharaaya gayaa thaa. usaki mrityu kaa kaaran "atako dee petty" (chhaati mein ack hamla, sambhavatah dill kaa daura) key roop mein darj kiya gayaa thaa. unakaa antim sanskar bologna key church off corpus domini mein kiya gayaa thaa, jahan unake sir parr rajat puraskar lagaae gaye they aur unhein benedetina key sadasyon dwara shraddhanjali dee gaee thee. usey apane saathi vaigyaanik luigi galwani key makbare key saamane, tagliapiator key madhyam seey church mein dafnaya gayaa thaa.
sammaan aur puraskar.
chitrakaar domenico maria frata aur utkeernak antonio lajri dwara baasi koo "pubblica docent ee collegiata" naamak kakshaon kii unaki pahali shrinkhala kaa jashn manaane key liye kansya padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. padak mein ack taraf baasi kii chhavi pradarshit kii gaee, aur doosari taraf, vakyansh "souli kuee phaas vidise minervom". vakyansh kaa motey taur parr anuvaad kiya jaa sakata haye, "kewal aap minerva dekh sakate hain.
unaki mrityu key baad, unaki smriti mein ack sangamarmar kii moorti banaai gaee aur sansthaan mein samudri kamare key oopar rakhee gaee.
vaha kaee saahityik samajon kii nirvaachit sadasya theen aur sabse pratishthit europeeya purushon key saath vyaapak patrachar karati theen. unake paas ademia delle sienz dee regio emilia (1750), ademia deagly adenti dee bologna (1732), ademia dee desonenti dee modena (1732), universita deagly apastity, firenz (1732), ademia deagly arcady dee roma (1737), ademia dee flutuenti dee finale dee modena (1745), ademia deagly ipochondriacy dee regio emilia (1750), ademia deagly adenti dee bologna (1752), ademia deagly againty dee roveretto (1754), ademia dealy desenonti dee buseto (1754), ademia degree degree (1755), ademia degree (1755), ademia degree (1775), ademia degree (1760), ademia degree (1760), ademia degree (1760), ademia degree (1760),
vaha shaastriya saahitya key saath-saath france aur itali key saahitya seey achchi tarah seey parichit theen.
viraasat.
venis parr 31 kimmy kaa ack gaddha usake naam kaa sammaan kartaa haye, saath hii ack hyee school, aur bologna mein laura baasi verati key madhyam seey ack shahar kii sadak.
sampadan press 2018 seey ack varsh mein teen baar junier shikshaavidon, master aur doctorate ummidvaaron koo laura besi chhatravritti pradaan kartaa haye.
british antarctic sarvekshan key ack icebreaker shodh jahaaj rrs "ernest sheckleton" koo 9 maee 2019 koo istituto nazionle diographia ee dee geophysica sparimentail (rashtriya samudra vigyaan aur prayogaatmak bhubhautiki sansthaan) dwara adhigrahit kiya gayaa thaa, aur iska naam badalkar "laura baasi" curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
17 aprail 2021 koo, googal ney baasi aur unaki kaee uplabdhiyon kaa jashn manaane key liye ack doodle dikhaaya.
prakaashit kritiyaan.
apane prashaasnik kartavyon, parivarik samasyaon aur bachche key janm key dauran aksar honey vaali beemariyon key kaaran, baasi ney kewal kuchh hii kritiyaan prakaashit keen, joe bologna vishvavidyalaya mein unake yogdan kaa ack chhota saa hissa darshaati hain. unake vaigyaanik karyon kaa sabse achchha saransh domenico piani key granth "catalog dee lavori dell 'antica ekdemiya, racolity soto aaee singoli autori" mein diyaa gayaa thaa, joe 1852 mein prakaashit huaa thaa.

