
sent johnn lateran kii archbasilica

sabse pavitra uddhaarak aur sant johnn dha baptist aur johnn dha evangelist kaa archbasilica cathedral, jise sent johnn kii pope archbasilica [inn] lateran, sent johnn lateran, yaa lateran basilica key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, rome shahar mein rome key diosis kaa catholic cathedral church haye, aur rome key bishap, pope kii seat key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. archbasilica vatican shahar key baahar sthit haye, joe lagbhag uttar-paschim mein sthit haye. phir bhee, pavitra sthal key gunon key roop mein, archbasilica aur isake aspas kii imaraton koo 1929 kii lateran sandhi kii sharton key anusaar itali seey ack baahari sthiti praapt haye. "letrano" (lateran) ack pracheen roman parivaar ("gens") seey aataa haye, jiska mahal ("domas") sthal parr kabja curr letaa haye; lateran mahal madhya yug taka pope kaa praathamik nivaas thaa.
church chaar pramukh pope basilicaon mein sabse purana aur sarvocch sthaan haye aur saath hii rome key saat teerthyatriyon mein seey ack church haye, joe "archbasilica" kii anoothi upaadhi rakhta haye. 324 mein sthaapit, yeh rome shahar kaa sabse purana saarvajanik church haye, aur paschimi duniya kaa sabse purana basilica haye. isamen roman bishap kaa "cathedral" haye, aur catholic wafadaron kii vishvavyaapi maan church kaa khitaab haye. madhya yug key dauran imarat bigad gaee aur 14veen shatabdi mein dou baar luggy aag seey buri tarah seey kshatigrast hoe gaee. 16veen shatabdi key anta mein pope sixtus banaam key shasankal key dauran iska punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. naee sanrachana key aantarik hisse kaa 17veen shatabdi key anta mein navinikaran kiya gayaa thaa, aur iska agrabhag 1735 mein pope clement xii key tahat puuraa kiya gayaa thaa.
vartamaan rector rome key bishap key liye pramukh paadari angelo dee donatis, wicker general hain. francisi ganarajya key rashtrapati, vartamaan mein emmanuel macron, archbasilica key "pratham aur ekmatra maanad cannon" hain, ack upaadhi joe france key raajya key pramukhon key paas raajaa heinry IV key baad seey haye.
agrabhag parr badey lattin shilalekh mein likhaa haih "clemens xii pont max eno vee christo salvatori inn hohn aiss aiss eoin baipat aitt iwang". iss sankshipt shilalekh kaa anuvaad iss prakaar haih "pope clement xii, paanchven varsh mein [apane pontificate key, iss imarat koo] masih uddhaarak koo samarpit kiya, sant johnn dha baptist aur [johnn] prachaarak key sammaan mein. shilalekh apane poorna sheershak key saath ingit kartaa haye (neeche dekhein) kii archbasilica mool roop seey masih uddhaarak koo samarpit thee aur sadiyon baad, sant johnn dha baptist aur sant johnn dha evangelist koo saha-samarpit thee. masih uddhaarak iska praathamik samarpan banaa huaa haye, aur iska nammatra kaa dawat kaa dinn 6 agast haye, joe masih kaa roopaantaran haye. rome key bishap key roop mein pope key cathedral key roop mein, yeh sent peater basilica sahit catholic church key anya sabhi churchon seey behtar haye.
naam.
archbasilica kaa lattin naam 'haye, joe angreji mein sabse pavitra uddhaarak aur sant johnn dha baptist aur johnn dha evangelist kaa archbasilica haye, aur itailiyan mein'.
baad kaa mahal.
archbasilica "castra nova equitum singularium" key avasheshon parr khadaa haye, joe "roman shaahi ghudsavaaron key angrakshakon kaa nayaa kilaa" haye. kille kii sthaapana septimius saverus dwara 193 esvi mein kii gaee thee. samrat kii jeet key baad maxantius parr mahaan koo sthir karein (jinake liye samrat key ghudsavaar angrakshakon ney "equite singulars augusty" seey ladaai ladee thee) milvian pull kii ladaai mein, gaard koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa aur kille koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa. kille key paryaapt avashesh seedhe naabhi key neeche sthit hain.
praarambhik roman samrajya key dauran shesh sthal parr "jaine" letrani key mahal kaa kabja thaa. sextius laternus, vanijya doot kaa pada praapt karane vaalaa pahala lock-pratinidhi thaa, aur letrani ney kaee samraton key liye prashasakon key roop mein kaary kiya. letrani mein seey ack, naamit vanijya doot, platius laternus, samrat key khilaf sajish key niro dwara aaropit kiye jaane key liye prasiddh hoe gayaa. aarop key parinamswarup unaki sampattiyon koo jabt curr liya gayaa aur unakaa punarvitaran kiya gayaa.
jaba main apani doosari patni, maxantius kii bahan, fausta seey shaadi karane key liye baadhya huaa, tou baad kaa mahal samrat key haathon mein chalaa gayaa. usa samay taka "domas foste" yaa "house off fosta" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa, lateran mahal antatah rome key bishap koo constantine aaee dwara diyaa gayaa thaa. daan kii vaastavik tithi agyaat haye, lekin vidvaanon kaa anuman haye kii yeh pope miltiads key pontificate key dauran thaa, 313 mein bishapon key ack dharamsabha kii mejbani karane key liye, jise daanvaad koo pakhand ghoshit karate hue, daanvaad koo chunauti dene key liye bulaaya gayaa thaa. mahal basilica koo parivartit aur vistaarit kiya gayaa, joe pope sylvester I kaa nivaas bunn gayaa, antatah rome kaa cathedral bunn gayaa, joe rome key bishap key roop mein pope kii seat thee.
praarambhik church.
pope sylvester pratham ney 324 mein archbasilica aur nikatvarti lateran mahal key aadhikarik samarpan kii adhyakshata kii, jisamen masih uddhaarak (christo salvatori) koo samarpan key saath naam "domas fausta" seey "domas dei" ("bhagwan kaa ghar") mein badal diyaa gayaa.
jaba ack "cathedra" episcopal pradhikaran kaa prateek bunn gayaa, tou pope "cathedra" koo isake aantarik bhaag mein rakhaa gayaa, jisase yeh rome key bishap key roop mein pope kaa cathedral bunn gayaa.
jaba gregory dha grate ney canterbury key augustein key tahat ingland mein gregorian mission bheja, tou canterbury mein kuchh mool churchon ney roman yojana koo ack model key roop mein liya, jisamen shahar kii divaaron key baahar ack church koo masih key saath-saath ack church koo sant paul koo samarpit kiya gayaa. church kaa naam "christ church", joe aaj duniya bhar key churchon key liye angreji bolane vaale anglikan sandarbhon mein itna aam haye, mool roop seey iss roman church seey aaya thaa, joe poorv-madhyayugeen isai pehchaan kaa kendra thaa.
madhya yug.
mukhya dwaaron key beach archbasilica kii saamane kii deewaar parr ack pattika haye jiss parr shabdon key saath utkeern haye ("sabse pavitra lateran church, shahar aur duniya key sabhi churchon kii maan aur pramukh"); iss ghoshana kaa ack drishya sanket haye kii basilica poori duniya kii "maan church" haye. baarahavin shatabdi mein lateran key cannon ney daavaa kiya kii uchch vedi mein vaacha kaa sandook aur jerusalam seey kaee pavitra vastuen theen. iss prakaar basilica koo naee vaacha key mandir key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa. 
archbasilica aur lateran mahal koo dou baar phir seey samarpit kiya gayaa thaa. pope sergius III ney unhein archbasilica key nae pavitra bapatisma key sammaan mein 10 veen shatabdi mein sant johnn dha baptist koo samarpit kiya. pope lucius dwiteeya ney unhein 12veen shatabdi mein johnn dha evangelist koo samarpit kiya. iss prakaar, sant johnn dha baptist aur sant johnn dha evangelist archbasilica key saha-sanrakshak bunn gaye, jabaki praathamik sanrakshak abhee bhee masih dha saviour haye, jaisa kii pravesh dwaar mein shilalekh seey sanket milata haye aur jaisa kii pitrisattaatmak cathedral key liye paaramparik haye. natijatan, archbasilica uddhaarak koo samarpit haye, aur iska naam 6 agast koo masih key roopaantaran kaa parv haye. archbasilica dou sant johns kaa sabse mahatvapurna mandir bunn gayaa, halanki kabhi-kabhi sanyukt roop seey pooja kii jaati thee. baad key varshon mein, lateran mahal mein ack benedictine mathh kii sthaapana kii gaee thee, aur yeh archbasilica aur dou santon kii seva key liye samarpit thaa.
pope miltiads seey shuru hocker, pratyek pope ney francisi pope clement vee key shasankal taka lateran mahal parr kabja curr liya, jinhone 1309 mein pope kii seat koo avignon koo sthanantarit curr diyaa, joe france mein ack parikshetra thaa. lateran mahal paanch vishvavyaapi parishadon kaa sthal bhee rhaa haye (lateran parishadon koo dekhein).
baad mein aag lugg jaati haye.
usa samay key dauran pope avignon, france, lateran mahal aur archabasilica mein baithe they. 1307 aur 1361 mein dou aag ney unhein tabah curr diyaa. donon aag key baad pope ney unake punarnirmaan aur rakharkhaav key liye bhugtan karane key liye avinan seey dhana bheja. phir bhee, archbasilica aur lateran mahal ney apana poorv vaibhav khou diyaa.
jaba pope avignon seey laute aur pope phir seey rome mein rahane lagey, tou archbasilica aur lateran mahal koo unake sanchit nuksan koo dekhate hue aparyaapt maanaa gayaa. pope treastiver mein basilica dee saanta maria mein aur baad mein basilica dee saanta maria magior mein rahate they. antatah, vatican kaa mahal sant peater key basilica key buggle mein banaaya gayaa thaa, joe samrat constantine I key samay seey maujood thaa, aur pope vahaan rahane lagey. yeh pope kaa aadhikarik nivaas banaa huaa haye (halanki pope francis anaupchaarik roop seey vatican shahar mein kaheen aur rahate hain).
punarnirmaan.
pope sixtus banaam key ack nishchit karyakram seey pahale archbasilica key punarnirmaan key kaee prayaas kiye gaye they. sixtus vee ney pariyojana key adhikansh hisse kii nigrani key liye apane pasandida vastukar, domenico fontana koo kaam parr rakhaa. mool lateran mahal koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa aur ack naee imarat key saath badal diyaa gayaa. lateran mahal key saamane key varg mein saine jiyovanni adolorata aspatal haye aur duniya mein sabse badaa pracheen misra kaa obelisk haye, jise lateran obelisk key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. iska vajan anumaanit 455 tunn haye. ise misra key faraao thutmos III dwara commission kiya gayaa thaa aur thutmos IV dwara thebs, misra key mahaan karnak mandir key saamane banaaya gayaa thaa. samrat constantine I dwara constantinople koo bheje jaane kaa irada, bahut vyast constantius II ney ise rome key bajaay bhej diyaa thaa, jahan ise 357 mein circus maximus mein khadaa kiya gayaa thaa. kissy samay yeh toot gayaa aur circus key neeche dafnaya gayaa thaa. 16veen shatabdi mein isaki khoj aur khudai kii gaee thee, aur sixtus vee ney ise 3 agast 1588 koo apane vartamaan sthal parr ack nae aasan parr phir seey sthaapit kiya thaa.
archbasilica key aantarik bhaag kaa aage kaa navinikaran francico boromini key nirdeshan mein kiya gayaa, jise pope masoom aiks dwara commission kiya gayaa thaa. unaki vastukala yojana dwara banaae gaye baarah sthaanon koo antatah 1718 mein preriton kii moortiyon seey bhar diyaa gayaa thaa, jinhen sabse pramukh roman rokoko murtikaaron dwara tarasha gayaa thaa.
punarnirmaan key liye pope clement xii kaa drishtikon ack mahatvakankshi thaa jisamen unhone ack nae agrabhag koo design karane key liye ack pratiyogita shuru kii. 23 seey adhik vastukaron ney pratispardha kii, jyaadaatar tatkalin barok muhaware mein kaam curr rahey they. saiddhaantik roop seey nishpaksh juurii kii adhyakshata sent luke kii roman akadami key adhyaksh sebastiano conca ney kii thee. pratiyogita key vijeta alessandro galile they.
jaisa kii aaj dikhaai detaa haye, iska agrabhag 1735 mein puuraa huaa thaa. yeh lattin mein padhata haih "clemens xii pont max eno v christo salvatori inn hohn aiss aiss eoin baipat aitt iwang"; iss atyadhik sankshipt shilalekh kaa vistaar iss prakaar kiya gayaa haih "clemens xii, pont [effex] max [imus], [inn] eno vee, [dedicative hock ediphium] christo salvatori, hohn [orem] [sanctorum] mein eoin [haye] baipat [tiste] aitt iwang [eliste]". iska anuvaad "pope clement xii, pontifax maximus, apane shasankal key paanchven varsh mein, iss imarat koo masih uddhaarak koo samarpit kiya, sant johnn dha baptist aur johnn dha evangelist key sammaan mein. galile key agrabhag ney paaramparik, pracheen, basilical vastukala key sabhi avasheshon koo hataa diyaa aur ack nava-shaastriya agrabhag pradaan kiya.
vastukala kaa itihas.
mozek key saath panktibaddh aur havaa key liye khula ack appus abhee bhee pracheen mahal key sabse prasiddh holl mein seey ack, pope leo III key "tricklinium" kii smriti koo sanrakshit kartaa haye, joe raajya bhoj kaksh thaa. maujooda sanrachana pracheen naheen haye, lekin mool mozek key kuchh hisson koo isake aalaa key tripakshiya mozek mein sanrakshit kiya gayaa hoga. madhya mein masih preriton koo unakaa mission detaa haye; baain or vaha pope sylvester I koo swarg key raajya kii chaabiyan detaa haye aur samrat constantine I koo labrum detaa haye; aur daaeen or peater pope leo III koo pope kii chori aur charlemen koo maanak detaa haye.
mool imaraton key kuchh avashesh abhee bhee sent johnn key dwaar key baahar shahar kii divaaron mein paae jaa sakate hain, aur 18 veen shatabdi mein lancelotti chappel key peechhe archabasilica key bheetar chitron seey saji ack badee deewaar kaa pataa chalaa thaa. 1880 kii khudai key dauran purani imaraton key kuchh nishan bhee saamane aae, jaba appus koo badhaane kaa kaam chala rhaa thaa, lekin kuchh bhee mahatvapurna prakaashit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
pope aur anya labharthiyon seey archabasilica koo diye gaye kaee daan libber pontificalis mein darj kiye gaye hain, aur praarambhik avadhi mein isaki bhavyata aisee thee kii ise "basilica auriya" yaa "golden basilica" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. iss vaibhav ney usa parr upadraviyon key hamale koo aakarshit kiya, jinhone ise usake sabhi khajaane seey chheen liya. pope leo pratham ney ise 460 esvi key aspas bahaal kiya, aur ise pope hadrian dwara phir seey bahaal kiya gayaa.
897 mein, yeh ack bhookamp seey lagbhag poori tarah seey nasht hoe gayaa thaah "abb altari yousk aid portus sesidit" ("yeh vedi seey darvaajon taka gir gayaa"). kshati itani vyaapak thee kii purani imarat kii rekhaaon kaa pataa lagaana mushkil thaa, lekin inhen jyaadaatar sammaan diyaa jaataa thaa aur naee imarat puraane key samaan aayamon kii thee. yeh doosara basilica 400 varshon taka khadaa rhaa, isase pahale kii yeh 1308 mein jall gayaa thaa. ise pope clement vee aur pope johnn xi dwara phir seey banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh 1360 mein ack baar phir jall gayaa, aur pope urban vee dwara iska punarnirmaan kiya gayaa.
vichalan key madhyam seey archabasilica ney apane pracheen roop koo barkarar rakhaa, stambhon kii panktiyon dwara galiyaron mein vibhajit kiya jaa rhaa thaa, aur saamane ack peristyle thaa joe beach mein ack fawware key saath coloneds seey ghiraa huaa thaa, paaramparik dair seey pracheen praarup jisake baad puraane sant peater kaa basilica bhee thaa. agrabhag mein teen khidakiyan theen aur ise duniya key uddhaarak key roop mein masih kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale ack mozek seey sajaaya gayaa thaa.
portico koo bhitti chitra mein banaaya gayaa thaa, shayed 12 veen shatabdi seey pahale naheen, joe vespatian key tahat roman bede, jerusalam koo lene, samrat constantine I key bapatisma aur catholic church koo pope raajyon key unake "daan" kii yaad mein thaa. archbasilica key ander stambh nissandeh usee tarikh key anya sabhi basilicaon kii tarah, church kii poori lambai, poorv seey paschim taka chaley.
punarnirmaan mein seey ack mein, shayed joe pope clement vee dwara kiya gayaa thaa, ack anuprasth naabhi pesh kii gaee thee, jisamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii deewaar key baahar sant paul key basilica mein, isase bahut pahale jodaa gayaa thaa. shayed iss samay archabasilica kaa vistaar kiya gayaa thaa.
purani imaraton key kuchh hisse jeevit hain. unamen madhyayugeen cosmets key kaam kaa footpath, aur sant peater aur sant paul kii moortiyaan, joe abb closter mein hain. oonchi vedi key oopar sunder siborium, joe apane vartamaan parivesh mein jagah seey baahar dikhta haye, 1369 seey haye. "stercoraria", yaa laal sangamarmar kaa simhaasan, jiss parr pope baithe they, abb vatican sangrahalayon mein haye. yeh pichhale pope rajyabhishek mein gaaye gaye gaan, "dee" stercore "erigens poperem" ("garibon koo dangil seey baahar nikaalana", bhajan 112 seey) key liye apane apriya naam kaa shreya detaa haye.
5veen shatabdi seey, archbasilica key aspas saat vaktaa they. inhen bahut pahale church mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. inn vaktaaon kii yatra kii bhakti, joe madhyayugeen yugon key madhyam seey banaae rakhee gaee thee, ney saat vediyon kii samaan bhakti koo janm diyaa, joe abhee bhee rome aur anya jagahon key kaee churchon mein aam haye.
alessandro galile (1735) dwara agrabhag kaa, clitch mulyankan kabhi bhee rhaa haye kii yeh ack mahal kaa agrabhag haye, naa kii ack church kaa. galile kaa saamane vaalaa hissa, joe puraane saamane kii taraf ack pardaa haye, joe ack northex yaa vestibule banaata haye, archabasilica key naabhi aur dohare galiyaron koo vyakt kartaa haye, jisake liye baaki anukram kii tulanaa mein ack kendriya khaadi kii aavashyakta hoti haye. galile ney ise samaan mehrab vaale mukhon kii seema koo chhode binaa, kendriya khidki koo mehrab kaa samarthan karane vaale stambhon dwara vistaarit karke, parichit serlian rupankan mein pradaan kiya.
kendriya khaadi koo bahut thodaa aage laakar, aur ise ack pediment key saath cap karke joe chhat key ballstrade mein tootata haye, galile ney vishal paimaane seey adhik ack pravesh dwaar pradaan kiya, joe jode gaye vishal corinthian bhittistambhon mein banaaya gayaa thaa joe ack saath baandhata haye.
church key northex mein, samrat constantine kii chauthi shatabdi kii moorti haye. yeh rome mein kaheen aur paaya gayaa thaa, aur pope clement xii key adesh seey iss sthal parr sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
preriton kii moortiyaan.
francisco boromini kii vastukala mein banaae gaye baarah sthaan dashakon seey khaali reh gaye they. jaba 1702 mein pope clement xi aur benedetto cardinal purchy, archbasilica key pradhaan pujari, ney preriton kii baarah badee-seey-jeevan moortiyon (sent mathias key bajaay sent paul dwara pratisthaapit judas iscariot) key liye apani bhavya yojana kii ghoshana kii, tou nickes koo bharane key liye aayog koo divangat barok rome key sabhi pramukh murtikaaron key liye khol diyaa gayaa thaa. pratyek pratima koo ack prasiddh rajkumar dwara praayojit kiya jaanaa thaa, jisamen pope swayam sant peater kii pratima aur sant johnn dha evangelist kii cardinal purchy koo praayojit karate they.
adhikansh murtikaaron koo pope clement key pasandida chitrakaar, carlo marata dwara kheencha gayaa ack sketch diyaa gayaa thaa, jiska unhein paalan karna thaa, lekin ullekhaniya apavaad key saath piyare leey gross dha young thaa, jisane marata key design koo murtikala karane seey safaltapurvak incar curr diyaa aur parinamswarup unhein ack sketch naheen diyaa gayaa.
moortikaar aur unaki moortiyaan nimnalikhit hain aur conforty key anusaar dinaankit hain (tithiyaan abhilekhiya nishkarshon koo darshaati hain lekin adhikansh key liye model pahale seey maujood honey chaahiye):
dakshini deewaar
uttari deewaar
papal kabrein.
archbasilica key ander chhah maujooda pope kabrein hainh alekjendar III (daaen galiyare), pope sergius IV (daaen galiyare), pope clement xii coursini (baaen galiyare), pope martin v (ikbalia key saamane); pope nirdosh III (daaen laine); aur pope leo xiii (baaen laine), jee dwara. tadolini (1907). inmein seey antim, pope leo xiii, antim pope they jinhen sant peater key basilica mein dafnaya naheen gayaa thaa.
10veen shatabdi mein archbasilica mein baarah atirikt pope kabron kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 1308 aur 1361 mein ise tabah karane vaali dou aag key dauran nasht curr diye gaye they. inn jaley hue kabron key avasheshon koo ikattha kiya gayaa aur ack bahu-stambh mein phir seey dafnaya gayaa. jinn popon kii kabrein nasht kii gaeen way hainh pope johnn aiks (914-928), pope agapetus II (946-955), pope johnn xi (955-964), pope pascal II (1099-1118), pope collixtus II (1119-1124), pope onarius II (1124-1130), pope celestine II (1143-1144), pope lucius II (1144-1145), pope anastasius IV (1153-1154), pope clement III (1187-1191), pope celestine III (1191-1198), aur nirdosh pope v (1276). pope jinhone iss avadhi key dauran shasson kiya, jinaki kabrein agyaat hain, aur jinhen archbasilica mein dafnaya gayaa hoe sakata haye, unamen pope johnn xviii (1003), pope johnn xviiii (1003-1009), aur pope alekjendar II (1061-1073) shamil hain. pope johnn aiks rome kii divaaron key bheetar dafanaae gaye pahale pope they, aur afvaahon key kaaran unhein ack pramukh dafan pradaan kiya gayaa thaa kii ack aitihaasik avadhi key dauran theodora dwara unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee thee jise "sekulam obscurum" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. cardinal vincenzo santucci aur carlo collon koo bhee archabasilica mein dafnaya gayaa haye.
sant peater kii khopadi key cumm seey cumm nauvin shatabdi seey sant paul kii khopadi key saath archbasilica mein rahane kaa bhee daavaa kiya jaataa haye.
baad mein bapatisma.
ashtakoniya paarshv baptistery archbasilica seey kuchh alag haye. isaki sthaapana pope sixtus III dwara kii gaee thee, shayed ack poorv sanrachana parr, ack kinvadanti key liye kii samrat constantine I koo vahaan bapatisma diyaa gayaa thaa aur imarat koo samriddh kiya gayaa thaa. kaee peedhiyon key liye rome mein ekmatra bapatisma thaa, aur isaki ashtakoniya sanrachana, poorna visarjan key liye badey besin parr kendrit thee, joe poore itali mein dusaron key liye ack model pradaan karati thee, aur yahaan taka kii "jeevan key fawware" key roop mein jaani jaane vaali prakaashit pandulipiyon kaa ack pratishthit roop bhee.
baad mein closter.
archbasilica aur shahar kii deewaar key beach poorv kaal mein ack mahaan mathh thaa, jisamen bhikshuon kaa samudaay rahata thaa, jinka kartavya archbasilica mein sevaaen pradaan karna thaa. iska ekmatra hissa joe abhee bhee jeevit haye, vaha 13veen shatabdi kaa closter haye, joe sunder, ghumaavdaar sangamarmar key stambhon seey ghiraa huaa haye. way romansk aur gothic key beach ack shally madhyavarti key hain, aur way vassellects aur cosmetic kaa kaam hain.
pavitra seedhiyaan.
scala senkta" yaa pavitra seedhiyaan, lakadi seey dhaki safed sangamarmar kii seedhiyaan hain. maanaa jaataa haye kii way seedhi banaate hain joe ack baar jerusalam mein pontius pilate key pretorium kii or leey jaati thee aur isaliye, yeeshu masih key junoon key dauran unake nakshekadam parr chalkar pavitra kii gaee thee. sangamarmar kii seedhiyaan lakadi key oopar khade dwaaron seey dikhaai detee hain. chauthi shatabdi mein jerusalam seey lateran mahal mein unake anuvaad kaa shreya tatkalin samrat constantine I kii maan sant maharani helena koo diyaa jaataa haye. 1589 mein, pope sixtus vee ney pavitra sthaan naamak pracheen palatine chappel key saamane apane vartamaan sthaan parr seedhiyon koo sthanantarit curr diyaa. ferrau fenzoni ney divaaron parr kuchh bhitti chitron koo puuraa kiya.
archbasilica key samarpan kaa parv.
church key samarpan kii varshgaanth 12veen shatabdi seey ack dawat key roop mein manai jaati rahee haye. catholic church key samanya roman calender mein, 9 navambar koo lateran ("dedicatio basilike lateranances") key basilica (kamaan) key samarpan kaa parv haye, jise puraane granthon mein "sabse pavitra uddhaarak key basilica key samarpan" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, baad vaale aur usase sambandhit imaraton kaa upayog pope payas xii key tahat naazi aur italvi faasivaadiyon seey yahoodiyon aur anya sharanarthiyon kii sankhya key liye ack surakshit aashray key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan aashray paane vaalon mein museo ruini, elside dee gasperi, pietro neni aur anya they. sant vincent dee paul kii daan kii betiyon aur una saath anath sharanarthiyon kii dekhbhal karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa kii way carlo emuel key madhyam seey apane convent koo chhod dein. maria bambina kii bahanen, jinhone baad mein pontifical pramukh roman madarse mein rasoi mein kaam kiya, ney apane convent key ack hisse kii peshkash kii. maidan mein italvi sanic bhee they.
vincenzo fagiolo aur pitro palaazini, seminary key upa-rector, koo yahoodiyon kii sahaayata key unake prayason key liye yaad washem dwara maanyata dee gaee thee.
pradhaan pujari.
pope boniface VIII ney lagbhag 1299 mein archbasilica key pradhaan pujari key karyalaya kii sthaapana kii.
archbasilica key pradhaan padariyon kii soocheeh

