
kalewala

kalewala (,) 19veen shatabdi kii mahakavya kavita kaa ack kaam haye jise alias launrot dwara karelian aur finish maukhik lokkathaon aur pauranik kathaaon seey sankalit kiya gayaa haye, joe prithvi key nirmaan key baare mein ack mahakavya kahani bataata haye, jisamen kalewala kii bhoomi key logon key beach vivaadon aur jawabi yaatraon kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye, jise vinol kahaa jaataa haye aur pohjola kii bhoomi aur unake vibhinn nayakon aur virodhi, saath hii mahakavya pauranik dhana banaane vaali machine sampo kaa nirmaan aur dakaiti.
kalewala" koo karelia aur finland kaa rashtriya mahakavya maanaa jaataa haye aur yeh jey key saath finish saahitya key sabse mahatvapurna karyon mein seey ack haye. ell. runeberg kii "dha tails off ensign stall" aur alexes keevi kii "dha sevan brothers". kalewala" ney finish rashtriya pehchaan key vikas aur finland kii bhasha key sangharsh koo tej karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, jisake kaaran antatah 1917 mein roose seey finland kii swatantrata hui. yeh kaam antarrashtriya star parr bhee jaanaa jaataa haye aur aanshik roop seey prabhaavit huaa haye, udaaharan key liye, jey. aar. aar. tolkin kaa kinvadanti sangrah (i.ee. madhya-prithvi pauranik kathaaen).
kalewala" kaa pahala sanskaran, jise "purana kalewala" kahaa jaataa haye, 1835 mein prakaashit huaa thaa, jisamen 12,078 chhand they. aaj sabse adhik gyaat sanskaran pahali baar 1849 mein prakaashit huaa thaa aur isamen 22,795 chhand hain, jinhen pachas lock kathaaon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye. ack sankshipt sanskaran, jisamen sabhi pachas kavitaaen hain, lekin kewal 9732 chhand hain, 1862 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. "kalewala" key sambandh mein, kavitaon kaa ack aur adhik geetaatmak sangrah haye, jise 1840 seey "contellator" kahaa jaataa haye, jise jyaadaatar "kalewala" key "bahan sangrah" key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye.
sangrah aur sankalan.
alias launroat.
alias launrot (9 aprail 1802-19 march 1884) ack chikitsak, vanaspatishastri, bhashavid aur kavi they. usa samay key dauran jaba vaha "kalewala" kaa sankalan curr rahey they, vaha kazani mein sthit jilaa swaasthya adhikaari they, joe usa samay finland key bhavya duchy key purvi bhaag mein poore kainu kshetra key liye jimmedaar they. vaha fredrick johann launroat, ack darji aur ulrica launroat kaa betaa thaa; uska janm sammati, yusima key gaanv mein huaa thaa.
21 saal kii umr mein, unhone turk kii shaahi akadami mein pravesh kiya aur 1826 mein ack master degree praapt kii. unaki thesis kaa sheershak thaa "dee vertamoin priscorum phenorum numine" ("wenmoinen, pracheen finn kii ack divyata"). monograph kaa doosara khand usee varsh turku kii bheeshan aag mein nasht hoe gayaa thaa.
1828 key vasant mein, unhone lock geeton aur kavitaon koo ekatra karane key uddeshya seey yatra shuru kii. halanki, iss kaam koo jaari rakhane key bajaay, unhone apani padhaai poori karane kaa faisala kiya aur chikitsa kaa adhyayan karane key liye helsinki mein imperial alekjendar vishvavidyalaya mein pravesh kiya. unhone 1832 mein snatkottar kii degree arjit kii. janwari 1833 mein, unhone kainu key jilaa swaasthya adhikaari key roop mein shuruat kii aur kavita sangrah aur "kalewala" key sankalan parr apana kaam shuru kiya. apane poore currier mein lenrot ney pandrah varshon kii avadhi key bheetar kull gyaarah feeled trip kiye.
kalewala" key prakaashan seey pahale, alias launrot ney kaee sambandhit karyon koo sankalit kiya, jisamen teen-bhaag "contell" (1829-1831), "purana kalewala" (1835) aur "contellator" (1840) shamil hain.
launro kii kshetriya yaatraon aur prayason ney unhein "kalewala" koo sankalit karane mein madad kii, aur una logon key liye kaafee anand laaya jinase way mille they; unhone joe kuchh ekatra kiya thaa usey phir seey bataane key saath-saath naee kavitaaen seekhane mein bhee way bahut samay bitaate they.
kavita.
itihas.
18veen shatabdi seey pahale, "kalewala" kavita, jise runik geet key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, poore finland aur karelia mein aam thee, lekin 18veen shatabdi mein yeh finland mein gayab honey luggy, pahale paschimi finland mein, kyonki europeeya tukbandi kavita finland mein adhik aam hoe gaee. finish lock kavita pahali baar 17veen shatabdi mein likhi gaee thee aur agali shataabdiyon key dauran shaukinon aur vidvaanon dwara ekatra kii gaee thee. isake bavjood, adhikansh finish kavita kewal maukhik parampara mein hii rahee.
finish mein janme rashtravadi aur bhashavid carle axel gotland (1796-1875) ney adhikansh finland mein faili vibhinn kavitaon aur geeton seey sankalit "eliod", "ausian" aur "nibelungenalide" key samaan ack finish mahakavya key liye apani ichcha vyakt kii. unhone aashaa vyakt kii kii iss tarah key prayaas seey deshi finish logon mein rashtriyata aur swatantrata kii bhavna paida hogi. 1820 mein, "turun vikko-sanomat" (turkey saptahik samachar) patrika kii sthaapana kii aur "venmoisesta" ("wenmoinen seey sambandhit") naamak teen lekh prakaashit kiye. yeye kaary turkey vishvavidyalaya mein apani snatkottar shodh prabandh banaane mein alias launrot key liye ack prerana they.
19veen shatabdi mein, sangrah adhik vyaapak, vyavasthit aur sangathit hoe gayaa. kull milakar, lagbhag aadhe million prishthon kii kavitaon koo finish saahitya samaaj aur anya sangrahakartaon dwara sangrahit aur sangraheet kiya gayaa haye joe abb astonia aur karelia ganarajya hain. sumen kansan vanhat ranot" ("finns kii pracheen kavitaaen") prakaashan ney 40 varshon kii avadhi mein kavita key 85,000 lekhon vaale 33 khand prakaashit kiye. unhone kavita key 65,000 itum sangrahit kiye hain joe aprakaashit hain. 19veen shatabdi key anta taka karelia seey sambandhit samagri ekatra karane aur purvi bhoomi key prati vikaasheel abhivinyas kaa yeh manoranjan rashtriya romantikwad kaa ack roop, caralionism naamak ack fashion bunn gayaa thaa.
iss maukhik parampara kaa kalakram anishchit haye. sabse puraane vishayon, prithvi kii utpatti, kii vyakhya kii gaee haye kii unaki jadein door key, aprakaashit itihas mein hain aur 3,000 saal purani hoe sakati hain.
navintam ghatanaaen, ee.jee. isai dharm kaa aagaman, lauh yug seey prateet hotaa haye, joe finland mein see taka chalaa. 1300 ce. finish lokkathakar carley crone kaa prastaav haye kii "kalewala" kii 45 kavitaon mein seey 20 sambhaavit pracheen astonian mool kii hain yaa cumm seey cumm astonian mool key rupankan seey sambandhit hain (shesh mein seey, dou ingrian hain aur 23 paschimi finish hain).
yeh samajha jaataa haye kii 16veen shatabdi mein finish sudhaar key dauran paadari varg ney moortipoojak sanskaron aur kahaaniyon koo bataane aur gaane seey manaa curr diyaa thaa. europeeya kavita aur sangeet key aagaman key saath, isase paaramparik lock geeton aur unake gayakon kii sankhya mein ullekhaniya kamee aaee. iss prakaar parampara kuchh hudd taka lupt hoe gaee lekin kabhi bhee poori tarah seey samaapt naheen hui.
launro kii feeled trip.
kull milakar, launrot ney kavita kii khoj mein gyaarah kshetra yaatraaen keen. unaki pahali yatra 1828 mein turk vishvavidyalaya seey snaatak honey key baad kii gaee thee, lekin yeh 1831 taka naheen thaa aur unaki doosari feeled trip thee kii vaastavik kaam shuru huaa. usa samay taka unhone "contell" naamak teen lekh prakaashit curr liye they aur unake paas mahatvapurna lekh they. yeh doosari yatra bahut safal naheen rahee aur unhein doosari haija mahamari key peediton kii dekhbhal key liye helsinki vaapas bulaaya gayaa.
teesari feeled trip bahut adhik safal rahee aur alias launrot koo purvi karelia mein vienna leey gayaa, jahan unhone akonlahi shahar kaa daura kiya, joe sabse safal saabit huaa. iss yatra seey 3,000 seey adhik chhand aur prachur nott mille. 1833 mein, launroat kazani chaley gaye jahan unhein agale 20 saal iss kshetra key liye jilaa swaasthya adhikaari key roop mein bitaane they, joe paltanimi gaanv mein jheel aulujaarvi key paas sthit hovello croft mein rahate they, aur apana khaali samay kavitaon kii khoj mein bitaate they. unaki chauthi feeled trip ack doctor key roop mein unake kaam key sanyojan mein kii gaee thee; ack 10-divasiya yatra. iss yatra key parinamswarup 49 kavitaaen aur lagbhag 3,000 kavitaaen naee panktiyaan bunny. iss yatra key dauran hii launrot ney yeh vichaar taiyar kiya kii kavitaaen ack vyaapak nirantarta kaa pratinidhitva curr sakati hain, jaba kavita sansthaon koo unhein jodane vaale samanya bhaashan mein tippaniyon key saath prastut kiya gayaa thaa.
paanchvin feeled trip parr, launroat ney arippa partunen seey mulakat kii, jinhone dou dinon key nirantar paath key dauran, unhein "kalewala" key liye lagbhag 4,000 chhand pradaan kiye. way seema key russie hisse mein lonka key gaanv mein matisca naamak ack gaayak seey bhee mille. haalaanki iss gaayak kii smriti kuchh hudd taka kharaab thee, lekin unhone pahale seey hii soochibaddh kiye gaye kaam mein kaee antaralon koo bharane mein madad kii. iss yatra key parinamswarup 13,000 seey adhik chhandon parr lagbhag 300 kavitaon kii khoj hui.
1834 key sharad ritu mein, launrot ney "puraane kalewala" banane key liye aavashyak adhikansh kaam likhaa thaa; joe kuchh bhee aavashyak thaa vaha kuchh kathaaon koo dheela karna aur kaam koo puuraa karna thaa. unaki chhathi feeled trip unhein vienna key dakshin mein kainu mein ack nagarpalika kuhmo mein leey gaee. vahaan unhone 4,000 seey adhik chhand ekatra kiye aur apane kaam kaa pahala masauda puuraa kiya. unhone prastaavana likhi aur agale varsh farwari mein prakaashit kiya.
puraane kalewala" key apane pahale prakaashan mein achchi tarah seey aaney key saath, launrot ney apane maujooda kaam key poorak key roop mein kavitaon koo ekatra karna jaari rakhane aur sanskriti koo adhik poori tarah seey samajhane kaa faisala kiya. saatvin feeled trip unhein vienna kavita gaayan kshetra key dakshini aur purvi hisson key madhyam seey ack lambe ghumaavdaar maarg parr leey gaee. kharaab skiing paristhitiyon key kaaran unhein kuhmo mein kaafee deree hui. usa yatra key anta taka, launrot ney 4,000 seey adhik chhandon seey yukt 100 aur kavitaaen ekatra kii theen. launrot ney russie seemavarti shahar lapukka kii apani aathvin feeled trip kii, jahan mahaan gaayak arhippa pertunen ney apana vyaapaar seekha thaa. patrachar mein unhone nott kiya kii unhone kaee naee kavitaaen likhi hain lekin matra parr spasht naheen haye.
alias launrot 16 sitambar 1836 koo apani nauvin feeled trip key pahale bhaag mein chaley gaye. unhein 14 maheene kii anupasthiti kii chhutti aur finish saahityik samaaj seey yatra kharchon kaa ack yog diyaa gayaa thaa. unake dhana mein kuchh shartein theenh unhein kainu seemavarti kshetron key aspas aur phir uttar kii or aur anta mein kainu seey dakshin-poorv kii seema taka yatra karni hogi. uttar mein abhiyaan key liye unake saath they. yatra key pahale bhaag mein uttari lapland mein inari taka kaa puuraa raasta chalaa gayaa. yatra kaa doosara, dakshini bhaag uttari bhaag kii tulanaa mein adhik safal rhaa, joe launroat koo jheel ladoga parr russie shahar sortawala leey gayaa, phir seey sevo key madhyam seey vaapas aaya aur antatah kazani vaapas chalaa gayaa. haalaanki yeye yaatraaen lambi aur kathin theen, lekin unake parinamswarup bahut cumm kalewala samagri millie; dakshini aadhe seey kewal 1,000 chhand aur uttari aadhe seey ack agyaat matra baramad kii gaee.
dasavin feeled trip ack saapeksh agyaat haye. haalaanki, joe gyaat haye, vaha yeh haye kii launrot kaa irada agami kaam "contellator" mein sankalit karane key liye kavitaon aur geeton koo ikattha karna thaa. unake saath unake dost see they. aich. yatra key adhikansh samay key liye stelberg. usa yatra key dauran donon kii mulakat mateli magdelena kuiwalatar seey chhote seemavarti shahar elomanti mein hui. cantellator" key vikas key liye kuivaltar bahut mahatvapurna thaa. gyaarahavin pralekhit kshetra yatra unake chikitsa kaary key sanyojan mein kii gaee thee. yatra key pahale bhaag key dauran, launroat russie karelia mein akonlahi laut aae, jahan unhone 80 kavitaaen aur kull 800 chhand ekatra kiye. baaki yatra kharaab dastavejikaran seey peedit haye.
karyapranali.
launrot aur unake samkaaleen, ee.jee. mathias castrain, anders johann sjogren,
aur david emmanuel daniel europius ney kavita key adhikansh roopon koo ekatra kiya; ack kavita mein aasaani seey anginat roop hoe sakate hain, joe karelia aur ingriya key graameen kshetron mein bikhare hue hain. launrot koo vaastav mein isamen koee dilchaspi naheen thee, aur kuchh adhik vipul mamalon koo chhodkar shayed hii kabhi gaayak kaa naam likhaa jaataa thaa. iss kshetra mein unakaa praathamik uddeshya ack chikitsak aur ack sampaadak kaa thaa, naa kii ack jeevani lekhak yaa salaahkaar kaa. vaha shayed hii kabhi gaayak key baare mein gaharaai seey kuchh jaanate they aur mukhya roop seey kewal aisee kavita koo soochibaddh karate they joe praasangik hoe sakati thee yaa unake kaam mein kuchh upayog hoe sakati thee.
chhaatr david emmanuel daniel europius koo kularvo kahani key adhikansh bhaag kii khoj aur soochi banaane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye.
kalewala" mein yogdan dene vaale darjanon kavita gayakon mein seey mahatvapurna hainh
roop aur sanrachana.
kavita koo aksar ack pentachord parr nirmit sangeet key liye gaaya jaataa thaa, kabhi-kabhi ack contelle vaadak dwara sahaayata kii jaati thee. lay alag-alag hoe sakati thee lekin sangeet koo dou yaa chaar panktiyon mein meater mein vyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa. kavitaon koo aksar ack jodee dwara prastut kiya jaataa thaa, pratyek vyakti vaikalpik chhand yaa chhand key samoohon koo gaataa thaa. pradarshan kii iss vidhi koo ack antiphonic pradarshan kahaa jaataa haye, yeh ack prakaar kaa "gaayan match" haye.
meater.
vishal bhaugolik doori aur vyaktigat gayakon koo alag karane vaale prathaagat kshetron key bavjood, lock kavita "kalewala" hamesha ack hii chhand mein gaaya jaataa thaa.
kalewala" kaa meater trokike tetrameter kaa ack roop haye jise abb "kalewala meater" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. maanaa jaataa haye kii meater kii utpatti proto-finnick kaal key dauran hui thee. isake shabdansh teen prakaar key hotey hainh majboot, kamjor aur tatasth. isake mukhya niyam iss prakaar hainh
dou mukhya prakaar kii rekhaaen hainh
kalewala chhand mein paaramparik kavita mein lagbhag samaan aavritti key saath donon prakaron kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. vaikalpik samanya aur toote hue tetrameter kalewala meater aur trochike tetrameter key anya roopon key beach ack vishisht antar haye.
chaar atirikt niyam hainh
yojanaaen.
kalewala" mein dou mukhya yojanaaen shamil hainh
chhand kabhi-kabhi chiasmus mein ulte hotey hain.
kavita kaa udaaharan.
geet chaalees key chhand 221 seey 232.
kalewala" mein lonroat kaa yogdan.
kalewala" mein alias launrot key vyaktigat yogdan key baare mein vaastav mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye. aaj taka key vidwan abhee bhee iss baare mein tark dete hain kii "kalewala" kaa kitna hissa vaastavik lock kavita haye aur lonrot kaa apana kaam kitna haye-aur jiss hudd taka paath maukhik parampara key liye 'pramanik' haye. sankalan prakriya key dauran yeh gyaat haye kii unhone kavita key roopon aur paatron koo ack saath milaa diyaa, una chhandon koo chhod diyaa joe fitt naheen they aur kuchh anshon koo ack taarkik kathaanak mein jodane key liye apani khud kii panktiyon kii rachana kii. isi tarah, jaisa kii maukhik kavita key poorv-sakshar sammelanon mein samanya thaa-arhippa partunen kii gawahi key anusaar-unake pitaa key dinon mein paaramparik gaayak hamesha geeton kii bhasha koo pradarshan seey pradarshan mein badalate they jaba way apane pradarshan key pradarshan seey paath karate they.
finish itihaaskaar wein kaukonen kaa sujhaav haye kii 3 pratishat panktiyaan launro kii apani rachana hain, 14 pratishat roopon seey launro rachanaaen hain, 50 pratishat chhand hain jinhen kuchh mamuli parivartanon koo chhodkar jyaadaatar aparivartit rakhaa gayaa haye, aur 33 pratishat mool asanshodhit maukhik kavitaaen hain.
prakaashan.
finish bhasha.
launro key sankalan kaa pahala sanskaran "kalewala, taikka vanhoja karjalan ranoja sumen kansan muinoesista ajoista" ("kalewala, yaa finish logon key pracheen samay key baare mein purani karelian kavitaaen") sheershak seey thaa, jise "puraane kalewala" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh 1835-1836 mein dou khandon mein prakaashit huaa thaa. "puraane kalewala" mein kull battis kavitaon key 12,078 chhand shamil they.
puraane kalewala" key prakaashan key baad bhee lenrot ney kaee varshon taka naee samagri ekatra karna jaari rakhaa. baad mein unhone iss atirikt samagri koo, mahatvapurna roop seey sampaadit maujooda samagri key saath, dusare sanskaran, "kalewala" mein ekikrit kiya. 1849 mein prakaashit iss "nae kalewala" mein pachas kavitaaen hain, jinamen pahale sanskaran kii tulanaa mein kaee kathaanak antar hain, aur yeh "kalewala" kaa maanak paath haye jise aaj taka padhaa aur anuvaad kiya gayaa haye. (key roop mein prakaashit kiya gayaah suomalaisen kirzalisuden seuran toimituccia. 14 oh. aiss. aeye. kalewala.)
mool lock geeton mein "kalewala" shabd shayed hii kabhi dikhaai detaa haye. lock geeton mein iss shabd kii pahali upasthiti aprail 1836 mein darj kii gaee thee. launroat ney 1834 key anta mein ise apani pariyojana key liye sheershak key roop mein chunaa, lekin unaki pasand yaadrichhik naheen thee. kalev" naam kaee sthaanon parr finnick aur baltic lokkathaon mein dikhaai detaa haye, aur "kalev key putra" poore finish aur astonian lokkathaon mein jaane jaate hain.
launrot ney 1862 mein kalewala key ack sankshipt sanskaran "laihenti latos" kaa utpaadan kiya. yeh schools mein upayog key liye thaa. isamen 1849 key sanskaran kii sabhi 50 kavitaaen hain, lekin aadhe seey adhik chhandon koo chhod diyaa gayaa haye.
anuvaad.
angreji mein kiye gaye kuchh poorna anuvaadon mein seey, yeh kewal johnn martin crofford (1888) aur villium forcell kirbi (1907) dwara kiye gaye puraane anuvaad hain joe kavitaon key mool (kalewala meater) kaa sakhti seey paalan karane kaa prayaas karate hain.
franz anton chiefner key german anuvaad kaa ack ullekhaniya aanshik anuvaad pro. 1868 mein johnn edison porter aur leepolt aind holt dwara prakaashit.
edward teller fletcher, ack british-janme kanadai saahitya utsaahi, ney 1869 mein "kalewala" key chayan kaa anuvaad kiya. unhone 17 march 1869 koo quebeck key saahityik aur aitihaasik samaaj key saamane unhein padhaa.
francis peabody maigaun ney 1963 mein poori tarah seey gadya mein likhe gaye "kalewala" kaa ack vidvatapurna anuvaad prakaashit kiya. iss sanskaran key parishishton mein kavita key itihas parr tippaniyan, mool "puraane kalewala" aur vartamaan sanskaran key beach tulanaa, aur kavita mein upayog kiye gaye shabdon aur naamon kii ack vistrit shabdawali shamil haye. magaun ney "puraane kalewala" kaa anuvaad kiya, jise chhah saal baad "puraane kalewala aur kuchh poorvavritt" sheershak seey prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa.
eeno freeberg kaa 1988 kaa anuvaad mool meater kaa chuninda roop seey upayog kartaa haye lekin samanya roop seey ack sateek chhand anuvaad honey kii tulanaa mein kaana koo prasann karane key liye adhik abhyast haye; yeh aksar saundarya karanon seey geeton kii lambai koo bhee cumm curr detaa haye. apane 1989 key anuvaad key parichay mein, keath bosley ney kahaah "kalewala meater kii jeevan shakti koo pratibimbit karane kaa ekmatra tarika thaa kii main pairon key bajaay aksharon key aadhar parr apana khud kaa aavishkaar karoon. mahakavya parr shuru karane seey pahale finish lock kavita kii 17,000 seey adhik panktiyon kaa anuvaad karate hue, maine paaya kii ack pankti aamtaur parr angreji key saat aksharon mein buss jaati haye, aksar cumm, kabhi-kabhi adhik. main antatah kramshah saat, paanch aur nau aksharon parr pahuncha, ack aupchaarik upkaran key roop mein "impire" (visham sankhya) kaa upayog karate hue aur tanaav koo vahaan girane detaa jahan way honge."
haal hii mein, finish/kanadai lekhak aur anuvaadak carina brook ney "old kalewala" 1835 (visteria prakaashan 2020) aur "kalewala" (visteria prakaashan 2021) key poorna runik sanskaranon kaa angreji mein anuvaad kiya. yeye kritiyaan, kuchh pichhale sanskaranon key vipareet, poore samay kalewala meater (trochike tetrameter) kaa imandari seey paalan karati hain aur alias launrot key iraade key anusaar gaaya yaa jup kiya jaa sakata haye. brooks kahate hain, "yeh aavashyak haye kii kalewala kaa kissy bhee bhasha mein anuvaad kalewala chhand kaa anusaran karey, kyonki pracheen kaal mein inn runn koo iss tarah gaaya jaataa thaa. taaki pathakon koo inn pracheen runn kaa puuraa prabhaav mille, yeh anivarya haye kii unhein ack hii jup shally mein prastut kiya jaae."carina brooks finland key ack sachitra kalewala mithakon aur kinvadantiyon kaa anuvaadak bhee haye, jise floris books yuu. key. dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa haye.
aadhunik anuvaad 2009 aur 2015 key beach karelian aur urdu bhaashaon mein prakaashit kiye gaye they. iss prakaar, "kalewala" koo swedish mein apane pahale anuvaad key 168 varshon key baad hii apani mool karelian bhasha mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. 
2010 taka, "kalewala" kaa 61 bhaashaon mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh finland kaa sabse adhik anuvaadit saahitya haye.
kahani.
parichay.
kalewala" paaramparik finish srishti mithak key saath shuru hotaa haye, joe prithvi, paudhon, praniyon aur akash key nirmaan kii kahaaniyon mein agrani haye. nirmaan, upchaar, yuddh aur aantarik kahani sunana aksar apane karnamon yaa ichchhaon key gaayan mein shamil charitron dwara puuraa kiya jaataa haye. kahaaniyon key kaee hisson mein charitra kaa shikaar karna yaa kuchh kaushal praapt karane key liye geet (mantra) kaa anurodh karna shamil haye, jaise kii naav-nirmaan yaa lohe key nirmaan mein mahaarat. jadui jaadoo casting aur gaayan key saath-saath vasna, romans, apaharan aur pralobhan kii kaee kahaaniyan hain. kahaaniyon key nayakon koo aksar aise karnamon koo puuraa karna padata haye joe anuchit yaa asambhav hotey hain jinhen way aksar hassil karane mein whiffle rahate hain, jisase trasdi aur upman hotaa haye.
sampo poore kaam kaa ack mahatvapurna tatva haye. kaee kriyaaen aur unake parinam sampo key kaaran yaa sampo key saath ack charitra kii baatchit key kaaran hotey hain. ise ack jadui tabij yaa upkaran key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye joe apane malik key liye mahaan bhaagya aur samriddhi laataa haye, lekin isaki sateek prakriti aaj taka bahas kaa vishay rahee haye.
cantos.
pahala vinamon chakr.
cantos 1 seey 2: kavita gayakon dwara ack parichay key saath shuru hoti haye. prithvi ack sunhare netra key andey key tukadon seey banaai gaee haye aur pahala aadami wenmoinen devi ilmataar seey paida huaa haye. wenmoinen banjar duniya mein pedon aur jeevan laataa haye.
cantos 3-5: wenmoinen irshyalu jaukahainan kaa saamana kartaa haye aur way geet kii ladaai mein sanlagn hotey hain. jaukahainan khou detaa haye aur apani bahan kaa haath apane jeevan key badale mein dene kii pratigya kartaa haye; bahan aino jald hii samudra mein doob jaati haye.
cantos 6-10: winmoinen uttar kii ack ladki, uttar luhi kii malkin kii ack betty koo prastaav dene key liye pohjola kii or jaataa haye. jaukahainan phir seey wenmoinen parr hamla kartaa haye, aur wenmoinen samudra parr kaee dinon taka tairta haye jaba taka kii usey ack cheel dwara pohjola taka naheen leey jaaya jaataa. vaha looh key saath samjhauta kartaa haye taaki ilmarinen koo smith mill sakey aur sampo banaa sakey. ilmarinen pohjola jaane seey incar curr detaa haye isaliye wenmoinen usey usaki ichcha key khilaf majboor kartaa haye. sampo jaali haye. ilmarinen binaa dulhan key lautata haye.
pahala leminkinen chakr.
cantos 11-15: leminkinen dulhan kii talash mein nikalata haye. vaha aur naukarani kiliki kasam khaate hain lekin khushi lambe samay taka naheen rahati haye aur leminken uttar kii ack ladki koo lubhaane key liye nickle jaataa haye. usaki maan usey rokane kii koshish karati haye, lekin vaha usaki chetavaniyon koo nazarandaj curr detaa haye aur isake bajaay usey apana hairbrushes detaa haye, usey bataata haye kii aggar yeh khoon bahane lagata haye tou vaha apani tabahi kaa saamana curr chuka haye. pohjola mein luhi usey apani betty key haath key badale mein khatarnak kaary saunpati haye. tuonella key huns kaa shikaar karate samay, leminkinen maaraa jaataa haye aur mrityu kii nadee mein gir jaataa haye. usane apani maan koo joe brush diyaa, usase khoon bahane lagata haye. apane bete key shabdon koo yaad karate hue, vaha usaki talash mein jaati haye. ilmarinen dwara usey diye gaye ack reck key saath, vaha nadee mein bikhare hue leminken key tukadon koo ikattha karati haye aur usey ack saath vaapas tukade karati haye.
doosara charan.
cantos 16-18: vinaminon ack baar phir dulhan kii talash mein pohjola kii yatra karane key liye ack naav banaata haye. vaha tuonella jaataa haye aur kaidi banaa liya jaataa haye, lekin vaha bhaagne mein kamyab hoe jaataa haye aur vishal antero vipunen seey aavashyak mantron kaa gyaan praapt karane key liye nickle jaataa haye. wenmoinen koo nigal liya jaataa haye aur mantra aur usake bachane key liye usey entero vipunen koo yaatana deni padati haye. apani naav key puuraa honey key saath, wenmoinen pohjola key liye ravaana hoe jaataa haye. ilmarinen koo yeh pataa chalata haye aur vaha ladki koo lubhaane key liye khud pohjola jaane kaa sankalp letaa haye. uttar kii ladki ilmarinen koo chunati haye.
ilmarinen kii shaadi.
cantos 19-25: ilmarinen koo ladki kaa haath jeetane key liye khatarnak anuchit kaary saunpe jaate hain. vaha inn karyon koo khud ladki kii kuchh madad seey puuraa kartaa haye. shaadi kii taiyari mein, bear banaai jaati haye, ack vishalkay steer koo maar diyaa jaataa haye, aur nimantran bheje jaate hain. lemincanon binn bulaaye haye. shaadi kii party shuru hoti haye aur sabhi khush hotey hain. wenmoinen pohjola key logon koo gaate hain aur unaki prashansa karate hain. dulhan aur dulha vivaah mein apani bhoomikaon key liye taiyar hotey hain. dampati ghar pahunchate hain aur unakaa swaagat peya aur winds key saath kiya jaataa haye.
doosara leminken chakr.
cantos 26-30: lemincanon shaadi mein aamantrit naheen kiye jaane key liye naraj haye aur turant pohjola key liye nickle jaataa haye. unake aagaman parr unhein chunauti dee jaati haye aur way uttar key swami, saadilaa key saath dwandwayuddh jeet jaate hain. luhi krodhit hoe jaataa haye aur ack senaa koo leminken seey badala lene key liye prerit kiya jaataa haye. vaha apani maan key paas bhaag jaataa haye, joe usey sharan key dweep, saaree jaane kii salah detee haye. lautate hii vaha paataa haye kii uska ghar jalkar jameen parr gir gayaa haye. vaha apana badala lene key liye apane saathi tiara key saath pohjola jaataa haye, lekin luhi samudra koo freeze curr detaa haye aur leminken koo ghar lautana padata haye. jaba vaha ghar aataa haye tou vaha apani maan key saath phir seey mill jaataa haye aur jalaaye gaye gharon koo badalane key liye badey behtar gharon kaa nirmaan karane kii kasam khaata haye.
kularvo chakr.
cantos 31-36: untamo apane bhaai colorvo key logon koo maar detaa haye, lekin apani patni koo chhod detaa haye joe baad mein kularvo koo garbh dhaaran karati haye. untamo ladke koo ack khatare key roop mein dekhta haye, aur usey kaee baar maarne kii koshish karane key baad, safalata key binaa, kularvo koo ilmarinen koo gulam key roop mein betch detaa haye. ilmarinen kii patni koo yaatana aur badmashi kaa shikaar banaaya jaataa haye, isaliye vaha usey bhediyon aur bhalu key ack samooh dwara faad diyaa jaataa haye. kularvo ilmarinen key ghar seey bhaag jaataa haye aur jangal mein ack boodhi aurat seey seekhata haye kii uska parivaar abhee bhee jeevit haye, aur jald hii unake saath phir seey mill jaataa haye. karon kaa bhugtan karke ghar lautate samay, vaha ack yuva ladki seey milata haye aur usey bahakaata haye, kewal yeh pataa lagaane key liye kii vaha usaki bahan haye. yeh mahsoos karane parr, vaha khud koo maar detee haye aur kularvo pareshan hocker ghar laut aatee haye. vaha untamo seey badala lene kaa faisala kartaa haye aur usey khojane key liye nikalata haye. kularvo untamo aur apane logon key khilaf yuddh kartaa haye, sub kuchh barbad curr detaa haye, aur phir ghar lautata haye, jahan vaha apane khet koo sunsan paataa haye. paschaataap aur paschaataap seey bharaa huaa, vaha usa sthaan parr khud koo maar detaa haye jahan usane apani bahan koo bahakaaya thaa.
doosara ilmarinen chakr.
cantos 37-38: apane khoye hue pyaar key liye dukhi, ilmarinen soney aur chaandi seey khud koo ack patni banaata haye, lekin usey thandaa paataa haye aur usey tyag detaa haye. vaha pohjola key liye jaataa haye aur lauhi kii sabse chhoti betty kaa apaharan curr letaa haye. betty uska itna buraa upman karati haye kii vaha usey ack pakshi mein badalane key liye ack jaadoo gaataa haye aur usake binaa kalewala lautata haye. vaha vanamonan koo usa samriddhi aur dhana key baare mein bataata haye joe sampo kii badaulat pohjola key logon seey milaa haye.
sampo kii chori.
cantos 39-44: vanaminon, ilmarinen aur leminkinen sampo koo punarpraapt karane key liye pohjola jaate hain. apani yatra key dauran way ack rakshasi pike koo maarte hain aur usake jabade kii huddy seey pahala banaaya jaataa haye, jisake saath vanaminen itani khubsurati seey gaataa haye kii devta bhee sunane key liye ikattha hotey hain. naayak pohjola mein pahunchate hain aur sampo kii sampatti kaa ack hissa maangate hain yaa way poore sampo koo balpurvak leey lenge. lauhi apani senaa koo ikattha karati haye, halanki way apane sangeet key saath soney key liye pohjola mein sabhi koo bulaati haye. sampo koo usake patthar key tahakhaane seey liya jaataa haye aur naayak ghar key liye nickle jaate hain. luhi ack mahaan senaa koo jodati haye, khud koo ack vishal cheel mein badal detee haye aur sampo key liye ladatee haye. yuddh mein sampo samudra mein khou jaataa haye aur nasht hoe jaataa haye.
kalewala parr luhi kaa badala.
cantos 45-49: sampo key nuksan parr krodhit, luhi kalewala rogon key logon aur ack mahaan bhalu koo apane maveshiyon koo maarne key liye bhejata haye. vaha soorya aur chandrama koo chhipaati haye aur kalewala seey aag churaa letee haye. inmenen sabhi beemariyon koo thheek kartaa haye aur, ilmarinen key saath, aag koo bahaal kartaa haye. wenmoinen luhi koo soorya aur chandrama koo aasmaan mein vaapas laane key liye majboor kartaa haye.
marjatta chakr.
canto 50: sharmili yuva kunwari marjatta apane jhund kii dekhbhal karate hue khaae gaye lingonberry seey garbhavati hoe jaati haye. vaha ack bete koo garbh dhaaran karati haye. <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ taba bachche koo karelia kaa raajaa bapatisma diyaa jaataa haye. wenmoinen kewal apane geeton aur contell koo viraasat key roop mein chhodate hain lekin jaba koee chandrama yaa soorya naheen hotaa haye aur khushi abb mukt naheen hoti haye tou lautane kii kasam khaate hain.
kavita samaapt hoti haye aur gaayak vidaai gaate hain aur apane darshakon koo dhanyavaad dete hain.
paatr.
ack dusare seey.
kalewala" kaa kendriya charitra, ack shamanwadi naayak haye joe orpheus key samaan geet aur sangeet kii jadui shakti rakhta haye. vaha ilmataar seey paida huaa haye aur prithvi key nirmaan mein yogdan detaa haye jaisa kii aaj haye. unaki kaee yaatraaen shamanwadi yaatraon seey milati-julati hain, vishesh roop seey ack jahan vaha naav nirmaan key geeton koo khojane key liye ack bhoo-daitya, antero vipunen key pett mein jaate hain. kaee kahaaniyon mein patni kii khoj ack kendriya tatva haye, lekin vaha kabhi bhee ack naheen paataa haye.
wenmoinen ack finish taar vaadyayantra bajaane seey judaa huaa haye joe ack jither kii tarah dikhta haye aur bajaaya jaataa haye.
ilmarinen.
seppo ilmarinen ack veer kalakar haye (german weeland aur greek deadles key saath tulaniya). unhone akash key gumbad, sampo aur "kalewala" mein chitrit vibhinn anya jadui upkaranon koo taiyar kiya. ilmarinen, jaise kii veminaminan, ney bhee ack patni kii khoj key baare mein kaee kahaaniyan sunai hain, joe usa bindu taka pahunchati hain jahan vaha ack sonaa banaata haye.
kuchh bhee naheen.
ack sunder, ghamandi aur laparwah mahilaaon kaa aadami, lemincanon, kaa betaa haye. usaki maan key saath uska ghanishth sambandh haye, joe apani romantic ichchhaon key uddeshya kaa peechha karate hue tuonella kii nadee mein doobane key baad usey punarjeevit karati haye.
uko.
 akash aur gadgadaahat kaa devta haye, aur "kalewala" key bheetar ullikhit pramukh devta haye. vaha thore aur zius seey mell khaata haye.
jaukahainan.
jaukahainan ack mool yuva vyakti haye joe ack gaayan pratiyogita key liye ahankar seey wenmoinen koo chunauti detaa haye, jise vaha haar jaataa haye. apane jeevan key badale mein jaukahainan apani chhoti bahan aino seey vanamonan kaa vaadaa kartaa haye. jaukahainan ack crossbo key saath usey markar vanamon parr apana badala lene kaa prayaas kartaa haye, lekin kewal vanamon key ghode koo maarne mein safal hotaa haye. jaukahainan key karyon seey venamoinan koo luhi dwara usey bachaane key badale mein ack sampo banaane kaa vaadaa karane kaa mauka milata haye.
luhi.
uttar kii malkin, luhi, pohjola key logon kii shamanwadi matrishakti haye, joe kalewala key logon seey pratidvandi haye. vaha kalewala aur usake logon key liye bahut pareshani kaa kaaran haye.
ack bindu parr luhi winmoinen kii zaan bachaata haye. unaki kaee betiyaan hain jinhen kalewala key naayak bahakaane key kaee prayaas karate hain, jinamen seey kuchh safal bhee hoti hain. kalewala key nayakon koo sampo vaapas chori karane seey rokane key liye ladaai mein lauhi ack pramukh bhoomika nibhaata haye, joe antatah nasht hoe jaataa haye. vaha ack shaktishali chudail haye jisamen lagbhag ack kaushal haye joe vanamon key barabar haye.
kularvo.
kularvo colorvo kaa pratishodhak, mansik roop seey beemar, dukhad betaa haye. ack bachche key roop mein unake saath durvyavahar kiya gayaa aur unhein ilmarinen koo gulami mein betch diyaa gayaa. usey kaam parr daal diyaa jaataa haye aur ilmarinen kii patni dwara usake saath buraa vyavhaar kiya jaataa haye, jise vaha baad mein maar detaa haye. kularvo ack gumrah aur pareshan yuva haye, joe khud aur usaki sthiti seey asahmat haye. vaha aksar gusse mein hoe jaataa haye aur anta mein aatmahatya curr letaa haye.
marjatta.
marjatta kalewala kii ack yuva kunwari haye. vaha lingonberry khaane seey garbhavati hoe jaati haye. jaba uska prasav shuru hotaa haye tou usey usake maataa-pitaa key ghar seey nikaal diyaa jaataa haye aur vaha ack aisee jagah khojane key liye nickle jaati haye jahan vaha snan curr sakati haye aur janm dey sakati haye. vaha kaee sthaanon seey door hoe jaati haye lekin anta mein jangal mein ack jagah paati haye aur ack bete koo janm detee haye. marjatta kii prakriti, garbhadhaaran aur janm dene key liye ack jagah kii khoj virgine mairi aur finland key isaikaran key roopak mein hain. marjatta key bete koo baad mein vivaah seey baahar paida honey key liye wenmoinen dwara maut kii sajaa sunai jaati haye. ladke koo badale mein winminon koo dandit kiya jaataa haye aur baad mein usey karelia kaa raajaa ghoshit kiya jaataa haye. yeh krodhit kartaa haye, joe apane geeton aur contell koo logon koo apani viraasat key roop mein dene key baad kalewala chhod detaa haye.
prabhaav.
kalewala" finish sanskriti aur itihas kaa ack pramukh hissa haye. isane finland aur duniya bhar kii anya sanskritiyon mein kalaa koo prabhaavit kiya haye.
dainik jeevan koo samaapt karein.
finland mein dainik jeevan aur vyavasaay mein "kalewala" kaa prabhaav moort haye. kalewala" seey judey naamon aur sthaanon koo company aur brand naamon aur sthaanon key naamon key roop mein apanaaya gayaa haye.
finland key bheetar "kalewala" seey sambandhit naamon key saath kaee sthaan hain, udaaharan key liyeh espu shahar mein tapiola kaa jilaa; turk shahar mein pohjola kaa jilaa, vaanta shahar mein metsola kaa jilaa, aur tampere shahar mein kaleva aur sampo key jile; saavo aur karjala key aitihaasik praant aur russie shahar hitola sabhi kaa ullekh "kalewala" key geeton mein kiya gayaa haye. isake alawa, 1963 mein russie shahar ukhta kaa naam badalkar kalewala curr diyaa gayaa. sanyukt raajya america mein 1900 mein finish apravasiyon dwara sthaapit ack chhote seey samudaay kaa naam kaleva, mishigan haye; kaee sadakon key naam kalewala seey liye gaye hain.
finland key banking kshetra mein cumm seey cumm teen "kalewala"-sambandhit brand hainh sampo baink (2012 key anta mein naam badalkar danske baink curr diyaa gayaa), opp-pohjola samooh aur tapiola baink.
kalewala koru aabhushan company kii sthaapana 1935 mein "puraane kalewala" key prakaashan kii 100veen varshgaanth parr kii gaee thee. yeh aabhushanon key advitiya aur saanskritik roop seey mahatvapurna vastuon key utpaadan mein visheshagyata rakhta haye. yeh kalewala mahila leag key saha-swaamitva mein haye aur harr saal ack nishchit sankhya mein sangathanon aur vyaktiyon koo kalaatmak chhatravritti pradaan kartaa haye.
finish dayeri company valio key paas aino naamak icecream kaa ack brand haye, joe apane samanya brand kii tulanaa mein adhik videshi swaadon mein visheshagyata rakhta haye.
nirmaan samooh leminkinen kaa gathan 1910 mein ack chhat aur damar company key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. naam vishesh roop seey iss baat parr jore dene key liye chunaa gayaa thaa kii way poori tarah seey ack finish company theen. way abb antarrashtriya star parr kaam karate hain.
finish calender.
kalewala divas 28 farwari koo finland mein manaaya jaataa haye, 1835 mein alias launroat key "kalewala" key pahale sanskaran key prakaashan kii tarikh koo manaane key liye. isake anya aadhikarik naam seey, iss dinn koo finish sanskriti divas key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
kalewala" mein kaee naamon koo finish naam divason key roop mein manaaya jaataa haye. naam key dinon aur jinn tithiyon parr way aatey hain, unakaa "kalewala" key saath koee seedha sambandh naheen haye; haalaanki, "kalewala" key jaari honey key baad naamon koo apnana aam hoe gayaa.
kalaa.
kaee kalakar "kalewala" seey prabhaavit hue hain, vishesh roop seey axeli gallen-kallela.
itala samooh key arabia brand ney "kalewala" smaarak plates kii ack shrinkhala koo kild kiya, jise raiza uosikinan (1923-2004) dwara design kiya gayaa thaa. yeh shrinkhala 1976 seey 1999 taka chully aur plates kii atyadhik maang haye.
kalewala" koo chitrit karane vaale sabse shuruati kalakaron mein seey ack robbert wilheim ackman they.
1989 mein, angreji mein "kalewala" kaa chautha poorna anuvaad prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, jise byorn landstrom dwara sachitra kiya gayaa thaa.
saahitya.
kalewala" kaa 150 seey adhik baar, 60 seey adhik vibhinn bhaashaon mein anuvaad kiya gayaa haye. (anuvaad dekhein.)
punah kathan.
finish cartoonist christian hyutula ney "kalewala" key ack comic book roopaantaran kaa chitran kiya. kalewala graphic upanyaas" mein mool paath key roop mein sabhi 50 adhyaayon kii kahani haye.
finish cartoonist aur bachchon key lekhak mauri kunna ney likhaa aur sachitra kiya. kahani "kalewala" kii haye, jisamen paatron koo maanavaroopit kutton, bhediyon aur billiyon key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa haye. kahani koo bachchon key liye adhik upayukt banaane key liye kahani poorna "kalewala" seey alag hoe jaati haye.
1950 key dashak key anta mein gulab brood college off speach aind drama key chhatron ney oxford mein kavi puraskar vijeta johnn mesfield koo ack prastuti mein kalewala key anshon kaa pradarshan kiya. iss prastuti seey kuchh chhaviyon koo online dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
kalewala" ney americi disney cartoonist donn rossa koo "kalewala" parr adharit ack donald duck (joe khud finland mein ack lokpriya charitra haye) kahani banaane key liye prerit kiya, jise "kalewala kii khoj" kahaa jaataa haye. comic koo "kalewala" kii 150veen varshgaanth parr jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
prerit kaary.
franz anton chiefner kaa "kalewala" kaa anuvaad longfello kii 1855 kii kavita "dha song off hiyawatha" key liye ack prerana thee, joe isi tarah key trokic tetrameter mein likhi gaee haye.
friedrich reinhold creutzwald kaa astonian rashtriya mahakavya "kalevipoeg" "kalewala" seey prerit thaa. kaam mein vanaminon aur ilmarinen donon kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye, aur kalev key bete kalevipoeg kii samagr kahani, kularvo kahani key saath samaantaa rakhti haye.
jey. aar. aar. tolkin ney "kalewala" koo "silmarillion" key liye apane sroton mein seey ack key roop mein daavaa kiya. udaaharan key liye, kularvo kii kahani "naarn aaee chinn hurin" mein turin turambar kaa aadhar haye, jisamen vaha talwar bhee shamil haye joe taba bolati haye jaba virodhi naayak aatmahatya karane key liye iska upayog kartaa haye. aule, padaarth key swami aur sabhi shilpon key swami, shashwat hathauda banaane vaale ilmarinen seey prabhaavit they. kalewala" key paatron kii pratidhvaniyaan, vishesh roop seey "dha lord off dha rings" key tomm bombdill mein paaee jaa sakati hain.
kavi aur natakkar paavo haviko ney "kalewala" seey prabhaav daala, jisamen unaki kavita "kaksikimenta jaa yaksi" (1974) aur tv naatak "rauta-aika" (1982) shamil hain.
americi vigyaan kathaa aur kalpana lekhak ell. spraig dee camp aur fletcher praat ney apane 1953 key kaalpanik upanyaas 'dha wall off surps' key liye srot samagri key roop mein 'kalewala' kaa upayog kiya. yeh lekhakon kii harold shee shrinkhala kii chauthi kahani haye, jisamen naayak aur usake saathi vibhinn pauranik aur kaalpanik duniyaon mein jaate hain. iss kahani mein, paatr kalewala kii duniya mein jaate hain, jahan way mahakavya key paatron kaa saamana karate hain, joe ack sandigdh nazar seey kheenche jaate hain.
emil petaja ack americi vigyaan kathaa aur finish vansh key kaalpanik lekhak they. unaki sabse prasiddh kritiyaan, jinhen "otawa shrinkhala" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, "kalewala" parr adharit upanyason kii ack shrinkhala thee. iss shrinkhala ney duniya bhar seey petaja pathakon koo laaya, jabaki vigyaan kathaa key prati unake pauranik drishtikon parr akaadamik sammelanon mein prastut vidvaanon key shodh patron mein charcha kii gaee thee. unake paas ack aur "kalewala" adharit kaam haye joe shrinkhala kaa hissa naheen haye, jiska sheershak haye "dha time twister".
british fantasi lekhak michael moorcock kii talwar aur jaadoo-tona virodhi naayak, melanibone key alrick, kularvo charitra seey prabhaavit they.
british fantasi lekhak michael scott rohan kii "winter off dha worled" shrinkhala mein luhi koo ack pramukh virodhi key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa haye aur isamen "kalevela" key kaee kathaa dhaage shamil hain.
minna sundberg dwara likhit aur sachitra web comic "aeye redtels dream" mein "kalewala" koo ack prabhaav key roop mein uddhrit kiya gayaa haye. (bhautik sanskaran 2014)
british vigyaan kathaa lekhak ian watson kii "munn kii pustaken", "bhagyashali fasal" aur "patit chandrama", donon mein "kalewala" seey sthaanon aur naamon key sandarbh hain.
2008 mein, viyatnami lekhak aur anuvaadak bui viet hoa ney mahakavya kavita kaa ack tukada "dha childran off mone aind maine" () prakaashit kiya, joe viyatnami lock kavita aur pauranik kathaaon mein talleen haye, lekin aanshik roop seey "kalewala" seey prabhaavit thaa. yeh kaam mukhya roop seey finland mein likhaa gayaa thaa aur videsh mamalon key liye finish mantralaya ney ise saha-vittaposhit kiya thaa.
sangeet.
finish sangeet mool geet-kavitaon kii parampara kaa anusaran karate hue "kalewala" seey bahut prabhaavit rhaa haye.
shaastriya sangeet.
kalewala" seey prabhaavit sangeetkaar kaa pahala darj udaaharan phillip wonn shantz haye. 1860 mein unhone kularvo overture kii rachana kii. usee varsh navambar mein helsinki mein ack nae theatre key udghaatan parr iss tukade kaa premiere kiya gayaa. wonn shantz key kaam key baad kramshah 1880 aur 1885 mein robbert kaznus kaa "kularvo kaa antim sanskar march" aur symphonic kavita "ino" aaee. "ino" koo "kalewala" kii samriddhi kii jaanch karane key liye jeane cibelius koo prerit karane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. "pochjola mein "dye collevanon", "kalewala" parr swatantra roop seey adharit pahala opera, 1890 mein carle muller-bergaus dwara rachit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin kaam kabhi naheen kiya gayaa haye.
jeane cibelius sabse prasiddh "kalewala"-prabhaavit shaastriya sangeetkaar hain. cibelius kii baarah sabse prasiddh kritiyaan "kalewala" parr adharit yaa prabhaavit hain, jisamen unaki "kularvo" bhee shamil haye, joe 1892 mein rachit soprano, barritone, corus aur orchestra key liye ack swar kavita haye. cibelius ney finish sanic aur lekhak hekki nurmio dwara likhe gaye shabdon kaa sangeet bhee taiyar kiya. march mein rekha hoti haye.
kalewala" seey prabhaavit anya shaastriya sangeetkaarah
lock dhaatu.
prerana key liye kaee lock dhaatu baindon ney "kalewala" parr bhaari roop seey aakarshit kiya haye. 1993 mein finish baind amorphis aur sajaa sunaaye gaye dou avadharana album jaari kiye gaye, kramshah "hazaar jheelon seey kahaaniyan" aur "yahaan seey uttar", joe kaee "kalewala"-prerit albums mein seey pahale they joe taba seey aae hain. amorphis kaa 2009 kaa album "skyforger" bhee "kalewala" parr bahut adhik aakarshit kartaa haye. finish lock dhaatu baind encepharum ney "old maine" aur "little dreamer" jaise geet jaari kiye hain, joe "kalewala" seey prabhaavit hain. unake "dragonheads" app key teesare geet kaa sheershak "kalewala melody" haye. yeh kalewala chhand kii lay kaa anusaran karane vaalaa ack vaadya yantra haye. ack anya finish lock dhaatu baind, turisa ney apane geet "shaapit loha honah" key boll key liye "kalewala" key nau geeton, "lohe kii utpatti" key kaee chhandon koo anukoolit kiya haye, joe album "varangian tareeke" kaa teesara track haye. finish metal baind ambrian donn ney apane album "river off tuoni" key saath-saath isake uttaradhikari "dha clouds off northland thunder" parr "kalewala" seey prerit geeton kaa upayog kiya haye. 3 agast 2012 koo, finish lock dhaatu baind korpikalani ney "manala" naamak ack nayaa album jaari kiya. baind key johnny jarvela ney kahaa, "mritakon kaa kshetra haye-finish pauranik kathaaon mein underworld. aur samanarthi roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye. yeh sthaan finish rashtriya mahakavya "kalewala" mein apani upasthiti key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, jiss parr hamaare kaee nae geet adharit hain."
anya sangeet shailiyaan.
1960 key dashak key madhya mein, pragatisheel rock baind kalewala finland key bheetar sakriya thaa aur 1974 mein, abb vipul gaayak-geetkaar jukka kuppamaki ney "wenmoinen" geet jaari kiya. yeye "kalewala" seey prerit aadhunik lokpriya sangeet key kuchh pahale ansh they.
1998 mein, rooth mckenzie ney album "kaalevaalah dream off dha salmon maydon" record kiya, ack geet chakr jisamen aino kii kahani aur jadugar wenmoinen key haath koo aswikar karane kii unaki pasand koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa, isake bajaay khud koo ack salmon mein badal diyaa. mckenzie ney iss tukade kaa pradarshan karna jaari rakhaa haye.
karelian finish lock sangeet samooh vertina ney apane kuchh geet "kalewala" key rupankanon parr adharit hain. vaanta chamber gaayak mandal mein "kalewala" seey prabhaavit geet hotey hain. unakaa "kalewala"-vishayagat teesara album, "marian virsi" (2005), paaramparik roop seey prastut lock kavita key saath samkaaleen lock koo jodata haye.
2003 mein, finish pragatisheel rock traimasik colosus aur french musea record ney "kalewala" key kuchh hisson parr adharit geeton kii rachana key liye duniya bhar key 30 pragatisheel rock samoohon koo niyukt kiya. prakaashan ney pratyek baind koo "kalewala" key ack vishesh geet key saath saunpa, jise baind uchit samajhate hue vyakhya karane key liye swatantra thaa. kalewala" sheershak vaalaa parinam teen-disk, bahubhashi, chaar ghante kaa mahakavya haye.
2009 kii shuruat mein, "kalewala" key pahale prakaashit sanskaran kii 160veen varshgaanth key utsav mein, finish saahitya samaaj, kalewala samaaj ney "kalewala" seey prerit duss naee aur mool kritiyon kaa premiere kiya. inn kritiyon mein kavitaaen, shaastriya aur samkaaleen sangeet aur kalaakriti shamil theen. finnish saahitya samaaj dwara iss karyakram key sanyojan mein ack pustak prakaashit kii gaee thee aur helsinki mein attenium sangrahalaya mein "kalewala"-vishay vastu kalaakriti aur saanskritik kalakritiyon kii ack badee pradarshani lagaai gaee thee.
2017 mein newyork sthit ack production "kalewala dha musical" kaa premiere finland ganarajya kii 100veen varshgaanth key utsav mein huaa. iss nirmaan mein mool popp, lock aur johanna telender dwara likhit vishva sangeet score shamil thaa. sangeet karyakram kaa sanskaran sanyukt raajya america aur finland mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa.
film aur television.
1959 mein, "sampo" naamak ack sanyukt finish-soviyat utpaadan, jise "dha day dha arth froze" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, "kalewala" seey "sampo" kii kahani seey prerit thaa.
1982 mein, finish prasaran company (yele) ney ack television mini-seereez kaa nirmaan kiya, jiska sangeet aulis salinen dwara rachit aur paavo haviko dwara pustak. shrinkhala koo "kalewala key samay" key dauran sett kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh "kalewala" mein honey vaali ghatnaaon parr adharit thee. shrinkhala key bhaag 3/4 ney 1983 mein puraskar jeetaa.
yuddh kalaa film "jadesoturi", jise "jaid warrier" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, 13 octuber 2006 koo finland mein release hui, "kalewala" parr adharit thee aur finland aur chean mein sthaapit thee.
adhyaay 17: dharmatyagi, mandalorean shrinkhala key teesare season kaa pahala episode, dinn dajarin ack puraane mandalorean mahal mein bow-kataan seey milata haye, joe mandalore pranali grah kalewala mein sthit haye. isi grah kaa ullekh pahale bhee "shrinkhala" mein kiya gayaa haye.
vyaakhyaaen.
kalewala" ney kaee vidvaanon aur utsaahi logon koo aitihaasik sandarbh mein isaki samagri kii vyakhya karane key liye aakarshit kiya haye. vishayon kii kaee vyaakhyaaen prastut kii gaee hain. mahakavya key kuchh hisson koo praarambhik finn aur saami key beach pracheen sangharsh key roop mein maanaa gayaa haye. iss sandarbh mein, "kalewala" key desh koo dakshini finland aur "pohjola" koo lapland key roop mein samajha jaa sakata haye.
haalaanki, "kalewala" mein sthaan key naam "kalewala" koo aage dakshin mein sthanantarit karate prateet hotey hain, jisaki vyakhya dakshin seey finnick vistaar koo darshaane key roop mein kii gaee haye joe saami koo aage uttar kii or dhakelane key liye aaya thaa. kuchh vidwan purvi karelia mein "kalewala" kii bhoomi kaa pataa lagaate hain, jahan adhikansh "kalewala" kahaaniyan likhi gaee theen. 1961 mein, usa samay key soviyat ganarajya karelia mein "uhtua" key chhote shahar kaa naam badalkar kalewala curr diyaa gayaa, shayed usa siddhant koo badhaava dene key liye.
finish rajneta aur bhashavid imil nester setala ney iss vichaar koo khariz curr diyaa kii "kalewala" key naayak prakriti mein aitihaasik hain aur sujhaav diyaa kii way praakritik ghatnaaon key vyaktitva hain. vaha pohjola koo uttari swarg aur sampo koo duniya key stambh key roop mein vyakhya kartaa haye. setla kaa sujhaav haye kii sampo koo phir seey hassil karane kii yatra vishuddh roop seey kaalpanik haye jisamen naayak ack pauranik naav yaa jadui ghode kii sawari karate hue swarg jaate hain.
finland mein kabhi bhalu pooja kaa abhyaas bahut aam thaa aur "kalewala" mein isaki majboot pratidhvani haye.
purana finish shabd (dheemi dhaara key saath gahare paani kii ack jaldamroomadhya) naam kii utpatti prateet hoti haye; wenmoinen key anya naamon mein seey ack suvantolen haye, joe aadhunik shabd haye. natijatan, yeh sambhav haye kii yeh astonia mein sarema dweep aur astonian mukhya bhoomi mein "kalewala" hoe.
finish lokkathakar matee kusi aur pertty antonan kaa kahana haye kii "kalewala key loga" yaa "kalewala kii janjaati" jaise shabd alias launrot dwara banaae gaye they. isake alawa, way tark dete hain kii paaramparik kavita mein "kalewala" shabd bahut durlabh haye aur dwaitvaad (kalewala banaam kalewala) parr jore dete hue. pohjola) alias launrot ney aavashyak tanaav paida kiya jisane "kalewala" koo naatakiya roop seey safal banaa diyaa aur iss prakaar usa samay key ack rashtriya mahakavya key liye upayukt hoe gayaa.
anya sanskritiyon kii pauranik kathaaon aur lokkathaon key saath samaantaaen hain, udaaharan key liye kularvo charitra aur unaki kahani greek odipus key saath kuchh samaantaa rakhti haye. kunwari kanya marjatta kii isai kunwari mairi seey samaantaa aashcharyajanak haye. antim geet mein marjatta key bete kaa aagaman kalewala parr vanaminon key shasankal key anta kii vartani mein isai dharm key aagaman key samaan haye joe finland aur europe mein badey paimaane parr murtipuja kaa anta laataa haye.