
prithvi-risaav paripath breaker

ack prithvi-risaav paripath breaker (ell. see. bee.) ack suraksha upkaran haye jiska upayog bijli key pratishthanon mein uchch prithvi pratibadha key saath aghaat koo rokane key liye kiya jaataa haye. yeh vidyut upkaran key dhaatu key aavaran parr chhote awara voltage kaa pataa lagaata haye, aur yadi ack khatarnak voltage kaa pataa chalata haye tou circuit koo baadhit kartaa haye. ack baar vyaapak roop seey upayog kiye jaane key baad, adhik haal key installation isake bajaay avashisht-vartamaan upkaranon (rcds, rccbs yaa gfcc) kaa upayog karate hain joe isake bajaay seedhe risaav dhaara kaa pataa lagaate hain.
uddeshya.
prithvi risaav rakshakon kaa mukhya uddeshya bijli key jhatake key kaaran manushyon aur jaanvaron koo chot lagane seey rokna haye.
itihas.
yeh upkaranon kii ack shreni haye, jiska upayog upkaranon, paripathon aur prachalakon kii raksha key liye kiya jaataa haye, jabaki prithvi risaav hotaa haye. praarambhik ell. see. bee. voltage sanchaalit upkaran (vee. oh.-ell. see. bee.) they, joe sthaapana dhaatu kaary aur ack baahari electrode key beach voltage vriddhi kaa pataa lagaate they. inhen abb vartamaan samvedan upkaranon (aar. see. dee./aar. see. see. bee.) dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye. aadhunik saahitya mein voltage samvedi upkaranon koo lcb yaa walcb kahaa jaataa haye aur vartamaan samvedi upkaranon koo rccb yaa rcd kahaa jaataa haye.
voltage samvedi alcubs koo pahali baar lagbhag saath saal pahale pesh kiya gayaa thaa. vartamaan samvedi alcub koo pahali baar lagbhag chaalees saal pahale pesh kiya gayaa thaa. kaee varshon taka, voltage sanchaalit lcb aur vibhedak dhaara sanchaalit lcb donon koo lcb key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa kyonki yeh yaad rakhane key liye ack saral naam thaa. lekin dou alag-alag upkaranon key liye ack samanya naam key upayog ney vidyut udyog mein kaafee bhram paida curr diyaa.
yadi kissy sthaapana parr galat prakaar kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, tou dee gaee suraksha kaa star usa uddeshya seey kaafee cumm hoe sakata haye, vishesh roop seey voltage sanchaalit prakaar kewal circuit ground seey judey dhaatu key kaam key liye dosh yaa jhatakon seey bachaa sakata haye, joe violcb seey judaa hotaa haye, yeh ack jeevit taar koo chhodane aur dusare raaste seey jameen parr chalane vaale current kaa pataa naheen lagaa sakata haye, jaise kii prithvi parr khade vyakti key madhyam seey.
iss bhram koo samaapt karane key liye, aaee. ee. see. ney avkal-vartamaan-sanchaalit ell. see. bee. parr avashisht vartamaan upkaran (aar. see. dee.) shabd koo lagu karane kaa nirnay liya. avashisht dhaara kissy bhee avashesh koo sandarbhit karati haye jaba paripath mein bahirmukhi aur vaapsee dhaaraon mein dhaara kii tulanaa kii jaati haye. ekal charan paripath mein yeh kewal tatasth dhaara koo ghataakar jeevit yaa charan dhaara haye. 3 charan paripath mein sabhi dhaara wahan karane vaale chalakon koo mahsoos kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
operation.
ell. see. bee. ack vishesh prakaar kaa latching rille haye jisamen ack imarat kii aaney vaali mukhya shakti apane switching samparkon key madhyam seey judee hoti haye taaki prithvi key risaav kaa pataa chalane parr ell. see. bee. bijli koo kaat dey.
ell. see. bee. sthaapana key bheetar prithvi (jameen) taar taka jeevit seey fault dhaaraon kaa pataa lagaata haye joe isaki raksha kartaa haye. yadi ell. see. bee. key sense coil mein paryaapt voltage dikhaai detaa haye, tou yeh bijli bund curr dega, aur manual roop seey reset honey taka bund rahega. ack voltage-sensing ell. see. bee. jeevit seey kissy anya mitty key shareer mein dosh dhaaraon koo mahsoos naheen kartaa haye.
prakaar.
dou prakaar key prithvi-risaav paripath breaker hainh
voltage-sanchaalit (ell. see. bee.).
taba seey voltage alcub vyaapak upayog mein hain, aur kaee abhee bhee sanchaalan mein hain lekin abb nae nirmaan mein sthaapit naheen hain. ack voltage-sanchaalit ell. see. bee. sanrakshit aapas mein judey dhaatu kaary (upkaran frame, nalika, gheraav) aur ack door key prithak prithvi sandarbh electrode key beach kshamata mein vriddhi kaa pataa lagaata haye. way ack mukhya breaker kholane aur sanrakshit parisar seey aapoorti koo alag karane key liye lagbhag 50 volt kii pataa luggy kshamata parr kaam karate hain.
ack voltage-sanchaalit ell. see. bee. mein doorasth sandarbh prithvi connection seey jodane key liye ack doosara terminal hotaa haye.
prithvi paripath koo taba sanshodhit kiya jaataa haye jaba ack alcub kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye; prithvi kii chhad seey sambandh alcub key madhyam seey isake dou prithvi terminals seey jodkar paarit kiya jaataa haye. ack terminal prithvi kii sthaapana see. pee. see. (paripath surakshaatmak chaalak, urf prithvi taar), aur doosara prithvi kii chhad (yaa kabhi-kabhi anya prakaar kaa prithvi connection) key liye jaataa haye.
nuksan.
ack vartamaan-samvedi pranali kii tulanaa mein, voltage samvedi pranaliyon key kaee nuksan hain jinamen shamil hainh
vartamaan samvedan upkaran (aar. see. dee./aar. see. see. bee.).
aar. see. dee./aar. see. see. bee. aamtaur parr upayog kiya jaane vaalaa ell. see. bee. prakaar haye. ack aar. see. see. bee. mein aamtaur parr ack vartamaan transformer hotaa haye, jisamen kaee praathamik winding aur ack maadhyamik winding hoti haye. tatasth aur rekha (yaa kaee charan pranaliyon mein rekhaaen) taar praathamik winding key roop mein kaary karate hain. taar ghaav kundal dwiteeyak ghumaavdaar haye. maadhyamik winding key madhyam seey dhaara santulit sthiti mein shoonya haye. santulit sthiti mein, charan taar key madhyam seey dhaara key kaaran pravaah tatasth taar key madhyam seey dhaara dwara tatasth hoe jaayega, kyonki vartamaan, joe charan seey bahati haye, tatasth mein vaapas aaa jaayegi. jaba koee kharabi aatee haye, tou ack chhoti see dhaara bhee jameen parr beh jaayegi. yeh rekha aur tatasth dhaara key beach asantulan banaata haye jisase ack asantulit chumbakiya kshetra banata haye. yeh maadhyamik winding key madhyam seey ack dhaara koo prerit kartaa haye, joe sensing circuit seey judaa hotaa haye. yeh risaav koo mahsoos karega aur tripping system koo sanket bhejega.
voltage samvedan laabh.
voltage sensing ell. see. bee. key kuchh faayade vartamaan sensing aar. see. dee. kii tulanaa mein hainh 
1) way dosh sthitiyon key prati cumm samvedansheel hotey hain, aur isaliye unamen cumm upadrav yaatraaen hoti hain. (iska matlab yeh naheen haye kii way hamesha aisaa karate hain, kyonki vyaavhaarik pradarshan sthaapana vivaran aur ell. see. bee. mein filtering badhaane vaale bhedbhaav parr nirbhar kartaa haye.) isaliye, cable circuit surakshaatmak conductor seey cable kavach koo vidyut roop seey alag karke, kewal cable kshati seey bachaane key liye ack lcb kii vyavastha kii jaa sakati haye, aur downline installation mein dosh parr trip naheen kii jaa sakati haye. 
2) voltage samvedi ell. see. bee. bhee dee. see. vartamaan doshon parr jameen parr jaayega jise ack transformer interfaced aar. see. dee./aar. see. see. bee. mahsoos karane mein asamarth haye, mukhya aavritti seey kaafee adhik aavrittiyon key saath samaan muddon key saath. udaaharan key liye, isase drive electronics aur motor key beach parivartaniya gati drive mein jamini dosh hoe sakata haye.
voltage samvedan key nuksan.
voltage samvedi alcubs key kuchh nuksan hainh
prithvi koo darkinar karna.
alcub sanrakshit sthaapana key liye prithvi seey kaheen doosara anajaane mein sambandh honah asamanya naheen haye, joe alcub sense coil seey naheen gujarta haye. yeh jameen key sampark mein dhaatu pipework, dhaatu sanrachanaatmak dhaanche, mitty key sampark mein baahari gharelu upkaranon aadi key madhyam seey hoe sakata haye.
jaba aisaa hotaa haye, tou fault current ell. see. bee. dwara mahsoos kiye binaa prithvi parr jaa sakata haye. isake bavjood, shayed vipareet roop seey, lcb key sanchaalan seey samjhauta naheen kiya jaataa haye. lcb kaa uddeshya mitty key dhaatu key kaam koo fault kii sthiti key dauran ack khatarnak voltage taka badhane seey rokna haye, aur lcb aisaa hii karna jaari rakhta haye, lcb abhee bhee usee cpc voltage star parr bijli kaat dega. (antar yeh haye kii iss voltage taka pahunchane key liye uchch fault current kii aavashyakta hoti haye.)
pareshan karane vaali yaatraaen.
jabaki prithvi rekha parr voltage aur dhaara aamtaur parr ack jeevit taar seey fault dhaara hoti haye, yeh hamesha mamla naheen hotaa haye, iss prakaar aisee paristhitiyaan hoti hain jinamen ack lcb upadrav curr sakata haye.
jaba ack sthaapana key prithvi seey dou connection hotey hain, tou paas kii uchch vartamaan bijli kii hadtaal mitty mein voltage pravanata kaa kaaran banegi, joe ell. see. bee. sense coil koo paryaapt voltage key saath prastut karegi jisase yeh yatra curr sakey.
yadi sthaapana kii prithvi kii chhad koo padosi imarat kii prithvi kii chhad key karib rakhaa jaataa haye, tou doosari imarat mein ack uchch prithvi risaav dhaara sthaaniya bhoomi kshamata koo badhaa sakati haye aur dou prithvi parr voltage antar kaa kaaran bunn sakati haye, phir seey ell. see. bee. koo trip curr sakati haye. iss kaaran seey alcub key upayog key liye nikat mitty kii chhaden anupayukt hain, lekin vaastavik jeevan mein kabhi-kabhi iss tarah key pratishthanon kaa saamana karna padata haye.
aar. see. dee. aur ell. see. bee. donon samanya haanirahit prithvi risaav seey kuchh hudd taka upadrav yaatraon key liye pravan hain. ack or alcubs ausatan puraane hotey hain, aur isaliye upadrav yaatraon key khilaf cumm achchi tarah seey vikasit filtering hoti haye, aur doosari or alcubs swabhavik roop seey jhoothi yaatraon key kuchh karanon seey pratirakshit hotey hain, aur aam taur parr rcd kii tulanaa mein cumm samvedansheel hotey hain. vyavhaar mein aar. see. dee. upadrav yaatraaen bahut adhik aam hain.
upadrav mein kamee kaa ack anya kaaran cumm insulation pratirodh vaali vastuon key kaaran honey vaali sanchit yaa bojh dhaaraon kaa kaaran haye. yeh puraane upkaran, yaa heating tatvon key saath upkaran, yaa yahaan taka kii ushnakatibandhiya mein imaraton mein taaron key kaaran hoe sakata haye jahan lambe samay taka nama aur barish kii sthiti namee tracking key kaaran insulation pratirodh koo cumm curr sakati haye. yadi upayog mein 30 ma surakshaatmak upkaran haye aur vibhinn sroton seey 10 ma bojh haye tou ikai 20 ma parr jaayegi. pratyek vastu vidyut roop seey surakshit hoe sakati haye lekin badee sankhya mein chhoti bojh dhaaraaen jamaa hoe jaati hain aur tripping star koo cumm curr detee hain. yeh pichhale pratishthanon mein ack adhik samasya thee jahan kaee paripath ack ekal ell. see. bee. dwara sanrakshit they.
tubeler roop key heating tatvon koo ack bahut hii maheen pouder seey bharaa jaataa haye joe namee koo avashoshit curr sakata haye yadi tatva kaa kuchh samay key liye upayog naheen kiya gayaa haye. ushnakatibandhiya kshetron mein, yeh hoe sakata haye, udaaharan key liye yadi ack kapadon key sookhane vaale yantra kaa upayog ack saal seey naheen kiya gayaa haye yaa coffey aadi key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale badey paani key boiler kaa upayog naheen kiya gayaa haye. bhandaran mein haye. aise mamalon mein, yadi ikai koo aar. see. dee. suraksha key binaa bijli dene kii anumati dee jaati haye tou yeh samanya roop seey sookh jaayegi aur safaltapurvak nireekshan seey gujar jaayegi. iss prakaar kii samasya koo nae upkaranon key saath bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
pratikriya dene mein viphalata.
kuchh alcubs rectified fault current kaa jawab naheen dete hain. yeh mudda siddhant roop mein alcubs aur rcd key saath samaan haye, lekin alcubs ausatan bahut puraane hain aur varshon seey vinirdeshon mein kaafee sudhaar huaa haye, isaliye ack puraane alcub mein kuchh fault current waveform honey kii adhik sambhavana haye joe iska jawab naheen dega.
kissy bhee yaantrik upkaran key saath, viphalataaen hoti hain, aur alcubs koo aadarsh roop seey samay-samay parr pareekshan kiya jaanaa chaahiye taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii way abhee bhee kaam curr rahey hain.
yadi prithvi key taaron mein seey koee bhee taar ell. see. bee. seey disconnect hoe jaataa haye, tou yeh abb naheen chalega aur sthaapana aksar thheek seey mitty naheen hogi.

