
joseph severn

joseph severn (7 disambar 1793-3 agast 1879) ack angreji chitra aur vishay chitrakaar aur angreji kavi johnn keats key vyaktigat mitra they. unhone chitra, italvi shally, saahityik aur bibil key vishayon kaa pradarshan kiya, aur unake chitron kaa chayan aaj landan key kuchh sabse mahatvapurna sangrahalayon mein paaya jaa sakata haye, jisamen rashtriya chitra gallery, victoria aur albert sangrahalaya aur tett britten shamil hain.
prishthabhoomi.
ack sangeet shikshak key sabse badey bete, severn kaa janm landan key paas hoxton mein huaa thaa, aur 14 saal kii umr mein villium bonned, ack utkeernak key paas prashikshu they. severn saat bachchon mein seey ack they; unake dou bhaai, thomas (1801-1881) aur charles (1806-1894), peshevar sangeetkaar bunn gaye, aur severn khud ack nipun piyanovadak they. apane shuruati varshon key dauran unhone ack laghuchitrakaar key roop mein chitrakaari kaa abhyaas kiya.
landan mein praarambhik varsh 1815-1820.
1815 mein, unhein landan mein shaahi akadami key schools mein bharti karaaya gayaa aur unhone tail mein apane pahale kaam, "hermia aur helena", ack laghu chitra key saath "ack madhya garmi kii raat key sapane" kaa ack vishay, kaa pradarshan kiya. keats, aiss. key., 1819 kii shaahi akadami pradarshani mein. way shayed pahali baar 1816 key vasant mein kavi johnn keats seey mille they.
1819 mein, severn koo unaki painting "unaa aur nirasha kii gufa mein laal cross night" key liye shaahi akadami key swarn padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, joe admond spensor kii mahakavya kavita dha ferry queen seey prerit thaa. yeh pahali baar thaa jaba puraskar aathh varshon mein diyaa gayaa thaa aur painting koo 1820 mein akadami mein pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa. iss puraskar ney shaahi akadami dwara bhugtan kiye gaye teen saal key yatra chhaatr key liye aavedan karane kii anumati bhee dee. iss chitra koo keats key pahale jeevanikaar lord hotton dwara kharida gayaa thaa; haalaanki ise juuna 1963 mein christies dwara becha gayaa thaa, yeh taba seey saarvajanik drishya seey gayab hoe gayaa haye aur saarvajanik kshetra mein isaki koee pratikriti naheen haye.
severn key patron aur sansmaranon key ack nae sanskaran key anusaar, severn ney heinry (bee. 31 agast 1819) itali key liye ingland chhodane seey lagbhag ack saal pahale. 1826 mein pitaa aur bete key phir seey milane kii yojana thee, lekin heinry kii mrityu 11 saal kii umr mein rome kii yatra karane seey pahale hii hoe gaee.
johnn keats key saath itali kii yatra, 1820-1821.
 17 sitambar 1820 koo, severn ney prasiddh angreji kavi johnn keats key saath ingland seey itali taka "maria crother" parr savaar hocker yatra shuru kii. keats aur severn ingland mein ack-dusare koo jaanate they, lekin way kewal parichiton koo paar curr rahey they. phir bhee yeh severn thaa joe kavi key saath rome jaane key liye sahmat huaa jaba anya sabhi curr sakate they, yaa naheen. iss yatra kaa uddeshya keats kii lambi bimari koo thheek karna thaa, jise vaha tapedik honey kaa sandeh kartaa thaa; haalaanki, usake dost aur kaee doctor asahmat they aur usase germ jalavaayu mein kuchh samay bitaane kaa aagrah kiya. ack kathin yatra key baad, way 21 octuber koo naples kii khaadi mein pahunche, kewal duss dinon key liye sangrodh mein rakhe jaane key liye. donon loga ack saptah taka naples mein rahey aur ack chhoti gaadi mein rome chaley gaye, jahan way navambar 1820 key madhya mein pahunche aur keats key chikitsak dow. james clark. rome mein way 26 number key ack apartment mein rahate they, joe spanish seedhiyon key neeche daaeen or thaa aur bernini key prasiddh barcasia fawware koo dekhta thaa.
severn ney apane pitaa kii ichcha key khilaf aur cumm paise key saath ingland chhod diyaa thaa. vaastav mein, unake pitaa unake jaane seey itane naraj they kii, jaisa kii severn ney ack dair seey sansmaran mein bataaya, "apane pagal gusse mein unhone mujhe ack jhataka diyaa joe mujhe jameen parr giraa diyaa."vaha apane pitaa koo phir kabhi naheen dekhana chaahata thaa. jaba kii aaee. dee. 1. kii sardiyon key dauran rome mein, severn ney ingland mein apane aapsi doston koo keats key baare mein kaee patra likhe, vishesh roop seey villium haislam aur charles armitage braun, jinhone unhein kavi kii mangetar, fanny bron sahit keats circle key anya sadasyon key saath saajha kiya. yeye patrika-patra abb kavi key antim maheenon key ekmatra jeevit khaate kaa pratinidhitva karate hain aur isake parinamswarup keats key antim dinon key jeevanikaron key liye praathamik aitihaasik srot key roop mein upayog kiye jaate hain.
rome mein aaney key teen maheene baad, 23 farwari 1821 koo unaki mrityu taka severn ney keats kii dekhbhal kii. jaisa kii unhone dou saptah baad johnn teller koo bataaya, "harr dinn vaha doctors key chehare parr yeh pataa lagaane key liye dekhta kii usey kitna lamba jeena chaahiye-- vaha kahata--" meraa yeh maranoparant jeevan kitna lamba rahega "-- vaha roop humm kabhi bhee sahan naheen curr sakate they-- usaki aankho kii atyadhik chamak-- usake kharaab chehare key saath-- dharti parr naheen thee---seavern kii agnipareeksha koo swayam keats dwara pahachaana gayaa thaa, joe, usaki mrityu seey ack maheene pahale, kahaa," seavern main aapke shaant roop mein dekh sakata huun-- bahut adhik modd aur sangharsh-- aap naheen jaanate kii aap kyaa padh rahey hain-- aap merey liye merey liye aapke paas honey seey adhik indor curr rahey hain-- oh! kii meraa antim samay aaa gayaa thaa-- "baad mein kavi persey bee ney unhein unaki bhakti key liye dhanyavaad diyaa. shelly ney apani shoke-gaatha, adonis kii prastaavana mein, joe 1821 mein keats key liye likhi gaee thee. yeh bhee isi samay thaa jaba severn anya ullekhaniya murtikaaron, johnn gibson aur antonio canova aur lord byron key dost, sahsi edward johnn trellony seey mille they. severn ney 1838 mein trellony kaa ack sketch banaaya.
keats kii mrityu key baad jeevan aur kaam.
haal taka, yeh maanaa jaataa thaa kii severn kaa jeevan keats key saath unake judaav mein samaapt huaa aur vaha apane shesh lambe jeevan key liye iss prasiddhi parr jeete rahey. vaastav mein, seavern ney keats kii mrityu key turant baad apana safal kalaatmak currier shuru kiya, joe 1820 aur 1830 key dashak key dauran rome mein ack bahumukhi chitrakaar bunn gayaa. unhone laghuchitron aur vedi key tukadon, paridrishyon aur bhitti chitron, aitihaasik aur dhaarmik drishyon aur bible, yunani pauranik kathaaon aur shekspeare key vishayon koo chitrit kiya. unake italvi kisan jeevan aur pashupalan shally key drishyon kii tasveeren mahadweep parr british agantukon key beach bahut lokpriya hoe gaeen aur unake kaam key liye kaee commission utpann hue.
rome mein lalit kalaa kii british akadami kii sthaapana mein madad karane mein severn kii bhee mahatvapurna bhoomika thee, jisane duke off devonshire, johnn flaxman aur surr thomas laurence jaisi prabhaavshaali hastiyon kaa samarthan praapt kiya. vaaya dee saine isidoro mein severn kaa vishal apartment akadami jeevan kaa vyast kendra bunn gayaa. akadami mein shamil honey vaalon mein charles eastlake, richard westemkot (yuva), villium bevik aur thomas uvin shamil they. shayed 1830 key dashak mein severn key kaam key sabse samarpit sanrakshak villium gladstone they, joe keats key dost kii tulanaa mein ack chitrakaar key roop mein apani pratishtha key liye adhik aakarshit they.
1841 mein ingland lautane parr, severn kathin samay mein gir gayaa, chitra banaakar apane badhate parivaar kaa samarthan karane key liye paryaapt paisa kamaane kii koshish curr rhaa thaa. haalaanki way rome mein apani praarambhik kalaatmak safalata kaa kabhi milan naheen curr sakey aur antatah 1853 mein 1819 aur 1857 key beach jersey dweep key liye apane shreyadataon seey bhagna padaa, lekin landan mein shaahi akadami mein 53 chitron kaa pradarshan kiya.
1861 mein, italvi ekikaran parr kinwan key dauran rome mein severn koo british vanijya doot niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unake aagaman seey kuchh maheene pahale garribaldi ney naples key raajya parr kabja curr liya thaa, aur poore dakshini itali aur sisili koo itali key nae raajya mein milaa diyaa gayaa thaa. itailiyan praaydweep mein kaee raajya, riyaasaten aur dukedom vijeta emmanuel dwiteeya key netritva mein ack saath aae they, lekin rome aur isake aspas key kshetra pope raajyon key roop mein baney rahey. vanijya doot key roop mein severn key adhikansh karyakal key dauran yeh mamla thaa, kyonki pope payas aiks rome koo niyantrit karane key liye francisi sainikon kii ack senaa parr bharosa karate hue satta parr ack najuk pakad banaae rakhane mein kamyab rahey. haalaanki "roman prashn" parr british sarkaar kii aadhikarik sthiti tatasthata aur gair-hastakshep thee, lekin severn ney aksar rajanyik kaarravaai kii jise unake varishthon ney vanijya doot key roop mein unake janadesh seey adhik maanaa. kaee avsaron parr, jaise kii jaba unhone 1864 mein italvi raajneetik kaidiyon koo mukt karane key liye apane karyalaya kaa upayog kiya, tou unhein videsh karyalaya dwara fatkaar lagaai gaee. haalaanki, italvi bhasha key baare mein unake gyaan aur unaki milansarta aur achche haasya ney aksar pope shasson aur british sarkaar key beach madhyasthata karane mein madad kii. unhone rome mein british agantukon kaa swaagat kiya, jaise kii elizabeth barrett aur robbert browning, unhein usa samay key baare mein bataate hue jaba unhone keats kii dekhbhal kii, aur vaha kaee avsaron parr british agantukon key liye salah aur suraksha pradaan karane mein saksham they joe khud koo ajib scrap mein paate they. antatah way 1872 mein vanijya doot key roop mein sevaanivritt hue.
shaadi aur parivaar.
1828 mein severn ney elizabeth montgomeri, praakritik (i.ee. avaidh) archibald kii betty, lord montgomeri (1773-1814) aur lady westmoreland kaa ward, joe rome mein kalakar key sanrakshkon mein seey ack haye. unake saat bachche they, jinamen seey teen ullekhaniya kalakar bunn gaeh walter aur arther severn, aur aine mairi neuton, jinhone british sangrahalaya mein puraatatvavid aur puravashesh key rakhwale, charles thomas neuton seey shaadi kii. mairi kaa ingland mein ack safal chitrakala currier thaa, joe kuchh samay key liye parivaar kaa samarthan kartaa thaa aur shaahi parivaar key kaee chitron koo nishpaadit kartaa thaa. 32 varsh kii ayu mein khasra seey unaki praarambhik mrityu prabhaavit seavern thee. 1871 mein, arther severn ney victorian kalaa aur samajik aalochak johnn ruskin key chachere bhaai johnn ruskin agnew seey shaadi kii. severn kaa ack aur bachcha thaa, arther, joe ack paalana durghatana mein ack shishu key roop mein marr gayaa. unhein rome mein protestant kabristan mein keats aur severn key beach dafnaya gayaa haye.
mrityu.
severn kii mrityu 3 agast 1879 koo 85 varsh kii ayu mein hui, aur unhein johnn keats key saath protestant kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa. donon kabristan aaj bhee khade hain. shelly aur trellony koo bhee usee kabristan mein saath-saath dafnaya gayaa haye.
chitrakaari.
severn koo unake kaee keats key chitron key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, sabse prasiddh fitzvillium sangrahalaya (1819) mein laghu chitra, kalam aur syaahi sketch, "keats onn hiz deathbed" (1821), keats-shelly house, rome mein, aur kavi kii tail painting, "johnn keats aitt govard place" (ids1), rashtriya chitra gallery mein. ack baad kii painting, "keats, aitt hampstead, jaba unhone pahali baar apane odd too aeye nightingale kii kalpana kii thee" (1849), joe abb keats house mein haye, bhee ullekhaniya haye. 1860 key dashak mein seavern ney kaee pratiyon aur smriti chitron kaa utpaadan kiya kyonki keats kii pratishtha badhati rahee. severn kii praarambhik italvi shally key chitron mein sabse prabhaavshaali "wintage" hain, jinhen 1825 mein duke off bedford dwara commission kiya gayaa thaa, aur "fountain" (shaahi mahal, brussels) koo 1826 mein belgium key leopold aaee dwara commission kiya gayaa thaa. baad kii tasveer ney sambhavatah jey koo prabhaavit kiya. aim. doubleu. turner kaa pramukh kaam, "orvito kaa drishya". unaki sabse ullekhaniya aavishkaarkaari kritiyon mein seey ack haye "pracheen navik kaa choora" (1839) joe saimuel colories kii prasiddh kavita parr adharit haye, joe haal hii mein sothbies mein 32,400 pound mein bechi gaee thee. ack anya aitihaasik vishay, "mairi, scots kii raani kaa tyag", 26 agast 2008 koo sothbies glenigal kii bikri mein 115,250 pound mein becha gayaa.
severn ney "cordelia koo lier key bistar parr dekhana", "shivir mein charvaahe", "shelly koo prometheus koo unbound karate hue", "isabella aur tulsi key bartan", "casket key saath portia", "arreal", "reenzi", "ajgar seey bachaaye gaye sarvanash key shishu", rome mein saine paolo fuurii leey muraa key church key liye ack badee vedi, aur rajneta aur abhijaat varg key kaee chitron koo chitrit kiya, jisamen bairan bansen aur villium gladstone shamil hain. shaahi akadami mein unhone joe antim chitra pradarshit kiya thaa, vaha 1857 mein oliver swarnakaar key "nirjan gaanv" kaa ack drishya thaa.
severn key chitron aur chitron key chitron aur vivaranon key link
saarvajanik nilami mein beche gaye severn key chitron key parinam
jeevani aur kitaaben.
1892 mein villium sharp ney "joseph severn key jeevan aur patron" mein severn key patron kaa pahala mahatvapurna sangrah prakaashit kiya thaa. aadhunik alochakon ney teekhe pratilekhon kii sateekta parr sandeh vyakt kiya haye aur mahatvapurna chook aur alankaranon koo nott kiya haye.
1965 mein, sheela berkenhead ney "shandar dostah joseph severn aur unake bete arther kii kahani" prakaashit kii.
2005 mein, anudan aff. scott ney "joseph sevarnah latters aind memoirs" prakaashit kiya jisamen unhone mool samagri kaa punah sampadan kiya, saikadon nae khoje gaye patra jode, jisamen severn key chitron key kaee punarutpadan shamil they, aur iss samagri koo ack aalochanatmak parichay aur tippani key saath prastut kiya.
2009 mein, sue braun ney jeevani "joseph severn, aeye lifeh dha rewards off friendship" prakaashit kii, jisamen scott kii naee jaankaari kaa upayog karke severn key charitra, keats key saath unaki dosti aur unake baad key kalaatmak aur rajanyik currier kaa punarmulyankan kiya gayaa.