
vidyut aur chumbakatva key siddhanton key liye ganitiya vishleshan key anuprayog parr ack nibandh

bijli aur chumbakatva key siddhanton key liye ganitiya vishleshan key anuprayog parr ack nibandh 1828 mein george green dwara ack maulik prakaashan haye, jahan unhone bijli aur chumbakatva parr simone dennis poison key pichhale kaam kaa vistaar kiya haye. ganitiya vishleshan mein kaam, vishesh roop seey jise abb saarvbhaumik roop seey harit pramey key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ganitiya bhautiki kii sabhi shaakhaon mein sabse badaa mahatva haye. isamen kshamata key siddhant kii pahali vyakhya shamil haye. bhautiki mein, harey rung kii pramey kaa upayog jyaadaatar dwi-ayami pravaah samakalan koo hull karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, jisamen kahaa jaataa haye kii aayatan key ander kissy bhee bindu parr drav key bahirvaah kaa yog ack pariveshtit kshetra key baare mein kull bahirvaah key yog key barabar hotaa haye. samtal jyaamiti mein, aur vishesh roop seey, kshetra sarvekshan mein, harey rung kii pramey kaa upayog kewal paridhi parr ekikrit karke samtal aakritiyon key kshetra aur kendrak koo nirdhaarit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
yeh iss nibandh mein haye kii 'sambhaavit kaary' shabd pahale aataa haye. yahaan shuddh ganit mein unaki ullekhaniya pramey bhee haye, kyonki saarvbhaumik roop seey harit pramey key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur shayed ganitiya bhautiki kii poori shrinkhala mein jaanch kaa sabse mahatvapurna upkaran, isaki upasthiti banaa. humm sabhi abb cumm seey cumm samanya roop seey green key kaam key mahatva aur 1828 mein unake nibandh key prakaashan key baad seey hui pragati koo samajhane mein saksham hain. lekin unake kaam aur baad kii pragati kii poori tarah seey sarahana karane key liye kissy koo ganitiya-bhautik vigyaan key drishtikon koo jaanane kii aavashyakta haye kyonki yeh iss samay harey rung mein dikhaai diyaa aur unaki khojon koo ghoshit karane mein unaki parishkrit samvedansheelta kaa ehsas karane key liye.
avalokan.
poison kii vidyut aur chumbakiya jaanch koo saamaanyikrit kiya gayaa aur 1828 mein george green dwara vistaarit kiya gayaa. harey rung kaa upchaar pahale seey hii lagrange, lapless aur poison dwara upayog kiye jaa rahey kaary key gunon parr adharit haye, joe kshetra mein sabhi vidyut yaa chumbakiya aaveshon key yog kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, joe kissy diye gaye bindu seey unaki sambandhit doori seey vibhajit hotaa haih iss kaary koo harey rung ney naam diyaa kshamata, jisake dwara yeh hamesha seey jaanaa jaataa haye.
1828 mein, green ney pepper prakaashit kiya joe aaj key liye sabse prasiddh nibandh haye. jaba green ney apana nibandh prakaashit kiya, tou ise 51 logon koo sadasyata key aadhar parr becha gayaa, jinamen seey adhikansh dost they aur shayed ise samajh naheen paae they. dhanee jamindar aur ganitshastri edward bromhead ney ack prati kharidi aur green koo ganit mein aage kaam karane key liye protsaahit kiya. yeh vishvaas naa karate hue kii prastaav imandar thaa, green ney dou saal taka bromhead seey sampark naheen kiya.
iss kaary koo prakaashit karane key baad, unhone pahali baar ack pranali key sabhi kanon key dravyamaan koo jodkar praapt parinam koo darshaane key liye 'kshamata' shabd kii shuruat kii, pratyek koo ack diye gaye bindu seey isaki doori seey vibhajit kiya gayaa; aur iss kaary key gunon koo pahale chumbakatva aur bijli key siddhanton parr vichaar kiya jaataa haye aur lagu kiya jaataa haye. isake baad surr bromhead dwara cambridge daarshanik samaaj koo dou patra bheje gaeh (1) 'vidyut drav key anuroop taral padarthon key santulan key niyamon parr' (12 navambar. 1832); (2) 'parivartaniya ghanatva key dirghvrittakar key aakarshan key nirdhaaran parr' (6 maee 1833). donon pepper mahaan vishleshanatmak shakti pradarshit karate hain, lekin vyaavhaarik roop seey dilchasp kii tulanaa mein utsuk hain. green key 1828 key nibandh koo 1846 taka ganitvidon dwara upekshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur usa samay seey pahale isake adhikansh mahatvapurna pramey goss, chassels, sterm aur thomson jey dwara phir seey khoje gaye they. isane lord kelvin aur james clerk maxwell key kaam koo prabhaavit kiya.
swayam-shikshit ganitshastri kaa nibandh sabse badee pragati mein seey ack thaa joe unake samay taka bijli key ganitiya siddhant mein kiya gayaa thaa. "" unake shodh "," jaisa kii surr villium thomson ney dekhaa haye, "" praathamik prastaav key liye netritva kiya haye joe pratyek poorna ganitiya sanrachana kii vaidh neenv kaa gathan karna chaahiye joe kulamb key prayogaatmak niyamon mein prastut samagri seey banaai jaani chaahiye.  way naa kewal una sunder matratmak prayogon kii praakritik aur poorna vyakhya karate hain joe vyaavhaarik bijli visheshagyon key liye harr samay itane dilchasp rahey hain, balki way ganitshastri koo samasyaon seey nipatane key sabse saral aur sabse shaktishali tarikon kaa sujhaav dete hain, jinn parr yadi kewal puraane vishleshan key bull seey hamla kiya jaataa haye, tou hamesha key liye ansuljhe rahey honge."
sansmaran kii shuruat key karib satah aur aayatan samakalan koo jodane vaalaa prasiddh sootra sthaapit kiya gayaa haye, jise abb aam taur parr green kii pramey kahaa jaataa haye, aur jiska chumbakatva kii samatulya satah-aur aayatan-vitaran parr poison kaa parinam ack vishesh anuprayog haye. iss pramey kaa upayog karke kshamata key gunon kii jaanch karane key liye, haraa rung ullekhaniya sundarta aur ruchi key kaee parinamon parr pahuncha. hamein kewal unaki vidhi kii shakti key ack udaaharan key roop mein nimnalikhit kaa ullekh karane kii aavashyakta haih-maan leejiye kii ack khokhla samvaahak khol haye, joe dou bund satahon seey ghiraa huaa haye, aur kaee vidyuteekrit nikaay rakhe gaye hain, kuchh isake bheetar aur kuchh isake binaa; aur aantarik satah aur aantarik nikaayon koo aantarik pranali kahaa jaae, aur baahari satah aur baahari nikaayon koo baahari pranali kahaa jaae. taba aantarik pranali kii sabhi vidyut ghatanaaen, aakarshan, pratikarshan aur ghanatva key saapeksh, samaan hongi jaise kii koee baahari pranali naheen thee, aur aantarik satah ack paripurna chaalak thee, joe prithvi key saath sanchaar mein rakhee gaee thee; aur baahari pranali key sabhi loga samaan honge jaise kii aantarik pranali maujood naheen thee, aur baahari satah ack aadarsh chaalak thee, jisamen mool roop seey khol mein aur sabhi aantarik nikaayon mein nihit poori bijli kii matra key barabar thee. yeh spasht hoga kii iss samay taka vidyutsthaitikta ney vikas kii sthiti praapt curr lii thee jisamen aage kii pragati kii ummeed kewal ganitiya adhirachana mein hii kii jaa sakati thee, jaba taka kii prayog apratyaashit roop seey ack poori tarah seey nae charitra kii ghatnaaon koo prakaash mein naheen laae.
inn prameyon key sabse saral anuprayogon mein seey ack leiden phil key siddhant koo paripurna karna thaa, jiska parinam (yadi humm avaahak thhos madhyam kii vishisht kriya koo chhodkar, jaba seey fairade dwara khoja gayaa haye) humm unaki pratibha key rinee hain. unhone yeh bhee dikhaaya haye kii kaise chalakon key anant roopon kaa aavishkaar kiya jaa sakata haye, taaki pratyek parr santulan mein bijli kaa vitaran seemit beejganitiya shabdon mein vyakt kiya jaa sakey-vigyaan mein ack apaar pragati, jaba humm vichaar karate hain kii ack golakar chaalak, ack apravaahit dirghvrittakar chaalak, aur ack dusare koo paraspar prabhaavit karane vaale dou kshetron parr bijli kaa vitaran, kewal poison dwara hull kiye gaye mamle they, aur vaastav mein ganitiya lekhakon dwara hull kiye jaane vaale ekmatra mamle they.

