
chaap (vinirdesh)

unnat disk computing (aark) ack vinirdesh haye jise computer nirmaataon key ack nishkriya sangh (unnat computing paryaavaran pariyojana) dwara ghoshit kiya gayaa haye, joe ack maanak mipz disk-adharit computer hardware aur firmware vatavaran koo sthaapit kartaa haye. alfa machines parr firmware joe chaap key saath sangat hain, unhein alphabios key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, alfa parr gair-aark firmware koo srm key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
itihas.
halanki aiss bund hoe gayaa, aur kabhi bhee koee computer nirmit naheen kiya gayaa thaa joe poori tarah seey chaap maanak kaa anupaalan kartaa hoe, chaap pranali kii ack vyaapak viraasat haye kii windows aine. tii. parivaar mein sabhi operating system boot upkaranon key namkaran key liye chaap paramparaon kaa upayog karate hain. aiss. jee. aaee. key aark firmware key sanshodhit sanskaran koo aark kahaa jaataa haye. sabhi aiss. jee. aaee. computer joe irics 6.1 yaa usake baad key samay mein chalate hain, jaise kii indee aur octain, ack aark kansol seey boot karate hain, joe khidakiyon key samaan drive namkaran paramparaon kaa upayog karate hain. windows chalaane key liye design kiye gaye adhikansh vibhinn disk-adharit computers mein boot karane key liye aark boot kansol key sanskaran naheen hain. inmein nimnalikhit shamil hainh
yeh bhavishyavani kii gaee thee kii intell-32-adharit computer aark kansol koo apanaayenge, halanki kewal aiss. jee. aaee. ney kabhi bhee aark firmware (arthaat, aiss. jee. aaee. drishya workstation shrinkhala, joe 1999 mein shuru hui) key saath aisee machines kaa vipanan kiya.
yuu. ee. aff. aaee. key saath tulanaa karein.
yuu. ee. aff. aaee. kii tulanaa mein, chaap firmware mein vasaa, boot charr, see-colling interfaces key liye samarthan bhee shamil thaa. isamen yuu. ee. aff. aaee. key samaan star kii vistarsheelta aur yuu. ee. aff. aaee. munch kii tarah shasson kaa samaan star shamil naheen thaa.
aanshik roop seey chaap sangat computers kii soochi.
chaap maanak kaa paalan karane vaale utpaadon mein yeye shamil hainh

