susan isaks

susan isaks, see. bee. ee. (nee fairhurst; 24 maee 1885-12 octuber 1948; jise ursula wies key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) ack lancashire mein janme shaikshik manovaigyaanik aur manovishleshak they. unhone bachchon key bauddhik aur samajik vikas parr adhyayan prakaashit kiye aur nursory school andolan koo badhaava diyaa. isaq key liye, bachchon key seekhane kaa sabse achchha tarika unaki swatantrata kaa vikas karna thaa. unakaa maanana thaa kii ise praapt karane kaa sabse prabhaavi tarika khel key madhyam seey thaa, aur vayaskon aur praarambhik shikshakon kii bhoomika bachchon key khel kaa margadarshan karna thaa.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
isacus kaa janm 1885 mein turton, lancashire mein huaa thaa, joe ack patrakaar aur vidhivetta, upadeshak, villium fairhurst aur unaki patni, mariam kii betty theen. chhah saal kii umr mein unaki maan kii mrityu hoe gaee. isake turant baad vaha apane pitaa seey alag hoe gaee jaba unhone usa nurse seey shaadi kii joe usaki maan kii bimari key dauran usaki maan key saath thee. 15 saal kii umr mein, usey usake pitaa dwara bolton maadhyamik vidyalaya seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki usane naastik samaajvaad mein parivartit hoe gaee thee; usake pitaa ney 2 saal taka usase baat karane seey incar curr diyaa thaa. vaha 22 saal kii umr taka apani sauteli maan key saath ghar parr rahee. vaha pahale ack photographer key paas prashikshu thee aur phir usane ack angreji parivaar key liye ack governess key roop mein apana shikshan currier shuru kiya.
1907 mein, aaee. aiss. aeye. see. ney manchester vishvavidyalaya mein chhote bachchon (5 seey 7 saal key bachchon) key shikshak key roop mein prashikshan key liye namankan karaaya. isake baad aaee. aiss. aeye. see. koo ack degree pathyakram mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa aur 1912 mein darshan mein pratham shreni kii degree key saath snaatak kiya gayaa. unhein neunham college, cambridge mein manovaigyaanik prayogshala mein chhatravritti seey sammaanit kiya gayaa aur 1913 mein unhone master degree praapt kii.
carrier.
isaq ney manovishleshak johnn carle flugal (1884-1955) dwara vishleshan key baad ack manovishleshak key roop mein bhee prashikshit aur abhyaas kiya. vaha 1921 mein navgathit british manovishleshanatmak samaaj kii ack sahayogi sadasya bunn gaeen, 1923 mein ack poorna sadasya bunn gaeen. unhone usee varsh apana abhyaas shuru kiya. baad mein unhone otto rank key saath sankshipt vishleshan kiya aur 1927 mein unhone bachpan parr melani clain key nae vichaaron key vyaktigat anubhav aur samajh praapt karane key liye johnn revear key saath aage key vishleshan key liye khud koo prastut kiya. isaik ney clain key karyon key saath-saath jeane piyaje aur sigmund fried key siddhanton koo lokpriya banaane mein bhee madad kii. vaha shuru mein chhote bachchon key bauddhik vikas parr jeane piyaje key siddhanton key liye utsaahi thee, halanki baad mein usane sangyanatmak vikas key charanon key liye unaki yojanaon kii aalochana kii, joe malting house school mein apane swayam key avlokanon key vipareet, unake praakritik vatavaran mein bachche key avalokan parr adharit naheen they.
1924 aur 1927 key beach, vaha cambridge mein malting house school kii pramukh theen, joe geophrey paike dwara sthaapit ack prayogaatmak school haye. vidyalaya ney bachchon key vyaktigat vikas koo badhaava diyaa. bachchon koo adhik swatantrata dee gaee aur unhein dandit karane key bajaay samarthan diyaa gayaa. shikshakon koo bachchon key paryavekshakon key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa jinhen shodh kaaryakartaon key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa. unake kaam kaa praarambhik shiksha parr bahut prabhaav padaa aur yeh bachche kii shiksha kaa ack kendriya hissa bunn gayaa.
isaq kaa dridhata seey maanana thaa kii khel bachche kaa kaam thaa.
1929 aur 1940 key beach, vaha ursula wies key chhadm naam key tahat ack 'peedaa chaachi' theen, joe kaee baal dekhbhal patrikaon mein pathakon kii samasyaon kaa jawab detee theen, vishesh roop seey "nursory duniya" aur "ghar aur school".
1933 mein, vaha landan vishvavidyalaya key shiksha sansthaan mein baal vikas vibhaag kii pahali pramukh baneen, jahan unhone chhote bachchon key shikshakon key liye baal vikas mein ack unnat pathyakram sthaapit kiya. unake vibhaag kaa shikshan peshe parr bahut prabhaav thaa aur unhone peshe koo vikasatmak manovigyaan key saath manogatikiya siddhant parr vichaar karane key liye protsaahit kiya. 
drishtikon.
isaq ney tark diyaa kii spasht roop seey sochane aur swatantra nirnay lene key liye bachchon key kaushal koo vikasit karna mahatvapurna haye. ack bachche kii swatantrata kaa vikas ack vyakti key roop mein unake vikas key liye fayademand haye. unhone maataa-pitaa koo praathamik shikshak key roop mein dekhaa, aur saat saal seey cumm umr key bachchon kii sansthaagat dekhbhal koo sambhaavit roop seey hanikarak maanaa. bachche apane khel key madhyam seey sabse achchha seekhate hain. "isaik key liye, khel mein prayog kaa ack sthaayi roop shamil hotaa haye... 'kissy bhee samay, poochtaachh yaa tark kii ack naee pankti saamane aaa sakati haye, samajh mein ack nayaa kadam uthaaya jaa sakata haye.
iss prakaar khel koo bachchon key kaam key roop mein dekhaa jaanaa chaahiye, aur samajik baatchit khel aur seekhane kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye. bachchon kii bhaavnaatmak aavashyaktaaen bhee bahut mahatvapurna hain aur prateekaatmak aur kaalpanik khel bachche kii bhaavanaon key liye ack vimochan hoe sakata haye. "kalpanashil khel kyaa kartaa haye, pahali jagah mein vyaavhaarik sthitiyon kaa nirmaan karna haye joe aksar apane liye peechha kii jaa sakati hain, aur yeh vaastavik khoj yaa maukhik nirnay aur tark kii or leey jaataa haye. vayaskon kii bhoomika, phir, bachchon key khel kaa margadarshan karna haye, lekin kull milakar unhein anveshan karane kii swatantrata honey chaahiye. unaki pustak "chhote bachchon mein bauddhik vikas" unake drishtikon koo samajhaati haye.
haalaanki, isaq aniyantrit aatm-abhivyakti key paksh mein naheen theh balki, unhone bachche key aantarik vikas key mahatva parr jore diyaa jise unhone "achche-sakht" maataa-pitaa kahaa-joe bachche kii pravritti koo niyantrit karane mein saksham haye, aur unaki aniyantrit shakti koo swayam yaa anya koo nuksan pahunchaane seey rokta haye. vaha jeane piyaje key baal vikas key charanon kii sameeksha aur chunauti dene vaali pahali mahilaaon mein seey ack theen. 
british manovishleshanatmak samaaj kii vivadaspad charchaon key dauran, isaq ney 1943 kaa ack prabhaavshaali sthiti patra prastut kiya jisamen kalpana key clanian drishtikon koo sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan unhone kahaa kii "achetan kalpanashil loga poore jeevan mein ack nirantar prabhaav daalate hain, samanya aur tantrika sambandhi logon donon mein", yeh kahate hue kii vishleshanatmak sthiti mein "rogi kaa apane vishleshak key saath sambandh lagbhag poori tarah seey achetan kalpanashil haye. haalaanki unake bayaan kii aalochana ack prakaar key 'samagr-antargyaanvaad' key roop mein kii gaee haye, joe poori tarah seey sahaj uddeshya key liye kalpana kii poori seema aur dayare koo adhik saral banaata haye.
vivaah.
isaik ney darlington prashikshan mahavidyalaya mein shishu vidyalaya shiksha mein vyakhyanon kii ack shrinkhala shuru kii; manchester vishvavidyalaya mein tark mein; aur landan vishvavidyalaya mein manovigyaan. 1914 mein, unhone vanaspati vigyaan key vyakhyata villium broadhurst bryerley seey shaadi kii. ack saal baad way landan chaley gaye jahan way shramik shaikshik sangh (vee. aeye.) kii shikshika baneen aur 1916 seey landan vishvavidyalaya mein manovigyaan mein vyakhyan diyaa. 1922 mein, unhone bryerley koo talaak dey diyaa aur ack dhaatu vyaapaari nathan isaq (1895-1966) seey shaadi kii, jinhone baad mein apane kaam mein apani patni key saath sahyog kiya.
cancer aur mrityu.
isacus koo 1935 mein cancer hoe gayaa aur vaha apane shesh jeevan key liye kharaab swaasthya key saath sangharsh karati rahee. vaha abhee bhee 1937 mein australia aur newzealand key daure parr jaane mein saksham thee; aur 1939 mein cambridge jaane key baad, usane "cambridge nikasi sarvekshan" kiya jisamen bachchon parr nikasi key prabhaav kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa. unhein 1948 mein see. bee. ee. seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 
12 octuber 1948 koo 63 varsh kii ayu mein cancer seey unaki mrityu hoe gaee. landan mein rashtriya chitra gallery mein unake kaee chitra hain.
vyaktigat kagjat.
aaee. aiss. aeye. see. key vyaktigat patron kaa sangrah shiksha sansthaan, landan vishvavidyalaya, (sndarbhah dee. see./aiss. aaee.) (online soochi) key abhilekhagar mein paaya jaa sakata haye; british manovishleshanatmak samaaj key abhilekhagar (sandarbh/aaee. aiss. aeye.) (online soochi); aur british aur videshi school samaaj (bee. aff. aiss. aiss.) sangrah kendra.

