
giorgio perlasca

giorgio perlasca (31 janwari 1910-15 agast 1992) ack italvi vyavasaayi aur poorv fasiwadi they, jinhone aadhikarik rajnayikon key sahyog seey 1944 kii sardiyon mein hangri key liye spanish mahavyavasthapak key roop mein pesh kiya, aur 5,218 yahoodiyon koo purvi europe mein naazi unmoolan shiviron mein nirvaasan seey bachaaya. 1989 mein, perlasca koo israel dwara rashtron key beach ack dharmi key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa.
praarambhik jeevan.
perlasca kaa janm como mein huaa thaa aur vaha itali key padua praant key masera mein palaa-badhaa thaa. 1920 key dashak key dauran, vaha dusare italo-abyssinian yuddh key dauran purvi africa mein ladane vaale italvi faasivaad key samarthak bunn gaye, aur rashtravadi "corpo troop volontary" key liye spanish grih yuddh mein. spen mein apani seva key liye ack kritagyata surakshit aacharan key roop mein, unhein francisco franco seey ack rajanyik mission seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
perlasca kaa faasivaad seey mohbhang hoe gayaa, vishesh roop seey naziwad key saath benito musolini key gathbandhan aur 1938 mein lagu hue italvi nasleeya kaanoonon koo apanaane key kaaran.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key praarambhik charan key dauran, unhone balcon mein italvi senaa key liye aapoorti kii khareed mein kaam kiya. baad mein unhein rajanyik sthiti key saath italvi sarkaar key ack aadhikarik pratinidhi key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa aur russie morche parr ladane vaali italvi senaa key liye maans khareedane key mission key saath purvi europe bheja gayaa. 8 sitambar 1943 koo itali ney sahyogiyon key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. italvi logon koo yeh chunana thaa kii kyaa way musolini key navgathit italvi samajik ganarajya mein shamil houn, joe fasiwadi thaa, yaa raajaa key prati wafadar rahein aur sahayogi paksh mein shamil houn. perlasca ney baad vaale koo chunaa.
budapest mein, unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa aur rajnayikon key liye aarakshit ack mahal mein seemit curr diyaa gayaa. kuchh maheenon key baad, unhone ack medical paas kaa upayog kiya, jisase unhein hangri key bheetar yatra karane kii anumati millie aur unhone spanish dutawas mein raajneetik sharan kaa anurodh kiya. unhone spanish yuddh key ack anubhavi key roop mein apani sthiti kaa laabh uthaaya, "george" kaa pahala naam apanaaya aur choonki spen yuddh mein tatasth thaa, isaliye vaha ack swatantra vyakti bunn gayaa.
perlasca ney hangri seey yahoodiyon kii taskari key liye spanish charge dee 'affairs, engel sainz briz aur tatasth raajyon key anya rajnayikon key saath kaam kiya. unhone joe pranali taiyar kii thee, usamen "suraksha card" shamil they, joe yahoodiyon koo vibhinn tatasth raajyon key sanrakshan key tahat rakhate they. unhone yahoodiyon koo vibhinn dutaavaason key niyantran mein sanrakshit gharon mein sharan lene mein madad kii, jinamen baahari sammelan they joe unhein samprabhuta key barabar dete they. way yahoodiyon koo sharan dey sakate they.
jaba sainz briz navambar 1944 mein raat mein hangri seey nikale, tou unhone perlasca koo naheen bataaya kii vaha jaane vaale hain, aur perlasca ney hangri mein rahane kaa faisala kiya. hangri sarkaar ney spanish dutawas kii imarat aur una baahari gharon koo baahar nikaalane kaa adesh diyaa jahaan yahoodiyon ney sharan lii thee. perlasca ney turant yeh jhoothi ghoshana kii kii sainz briz koo ack chhoti chhutti seey lautane key kaaran thaa, aur iss beach unhein prabhaari key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. poore sardiyon mein, perlasca chhipane, bachaane aur buddepest mein hajaaron yahoodiyon koo khilaane mein sakriya thaa. unhone 1924 mein paarit ack spanish kaanoon key aadhar parr spanish sarkaar dwara shuru kiye gaye surakshit aacharan paas jaari karna jaari rakhaa, jisane sephardic mool key yahoodiyon (15 veen shatabdi key anta mein spen seey nishkaasit iberian yahoodiyon key vanshajon) koo nagrikta pradaan kii.
disambar 1944 mein, perlasca ney ghatnasthal parr ack german leftinent curnell kii avagya mein dou ladakon koo malgadi mein chadhaae jaane seey bachaaya. vahaan maujood swedish rajanyik-rakshak raul wallenberg ney baad mein perlasca koo bataaya kii jiss adhikaari ney usey chunauti dee thee vaha adolph eachman thaa. 1 disambar 1944 seey 16 janwari 1945 taka 45 dinon mein, perlasca ney 5,000 seey adhik yahoodiyon koo bachaane mein madad kii.
perlasca key anusaar, unhone lagbhag 60,000 logon key saath sabse badey basti koo dhwast karane kii yojana koo lagu karane seey bhee roque diyaa, jaisa kii naziyon ney yuddh mein kiya thaa. jaba perlasca spanish mahavyavasthapak key roop mein pesh hoe rhaa thaa, tou usane yahudi basti koo nasht karane key liye ss aur door-daraaz hangerian teer cross key iradon key baare mein seekha. unhone hangri key aantarik mantri, gabber vajna key saath seedhi sunavaai key liye kahaa, aur unhein spen key nivaasiyon key roop mein perlasca dwara ghoshit "3,000 hangri nagrikon" (vaastav mein, bahut cumm sankhya mein) key khilaf kanuni aur aarthik upaayon kii dhamki dee, jaba taka kii vajna yojana koo vaapas naheen leey letaa. iss prakaran key baad, sabse badey basti koo dhwast karane kii yojana radd curr dee gaee thee.
yuddh key baad.
yuddh key baad, perlasca kewal agast 1945 mein itali lautane mein kamyab rhaa. 5 juuna 1945 koo istambul mein rahate hue, usane turkey mein spanish mahavyavasthapak koo apani gatividhi parr pahali sankshipt report dee, taaki spanish dutawas kii or seey apane karyon key liye kissy bhee kanuni aarop koo rokaa jaa sakey. ghar vaapas, perlasca ney 13 octuber 1945 kii ghatnaaon kaa ack vistrit gyaapan taiyar kiya, aur ise madrid mein spanish videsh mantri aur italvi sarkaar koo bheja, apane liye ack prati rakhee. unhone sainz briz koo bhee likhaa, rajdoot jise unhone buddepest mein badal diyaa thaa, jinhone lakoni roop seey jawab diyaa, perlasca koo chetavani dee kii way apane kaam key liye maanyata kii ummeed naa karein.
perlasca ney apani kahani saarvajanik roop seey yaa apane parivaar koo bhee naheen bataai, balki una logon kii or rukh kiya jinhen vaha kewal upayukt praaptakarta maanata thaa. halanki, jinn kuchh sansthaagat nikaayon key liye unhone likhaa thaa, unhone rajanyik aur raajneetik karanon seey yaa ruchi kii sadharan kamee key kaaran unhein nazarandaj curr diyaa. yahaan taka kii yahudi itihaaskaar geno levaai, jinhone 1946 mein perlasca key gyaapan kii ack prati maangi aur phir apana naam failaane mein yogdan diyaa, ney bhee sambhavatah raajneetik karanon seey apani "black book" mein perlasca kii kahani bataane seey incar curr diyaa. ghar vaapas, perlasca koo ack mahangi kaar (ack fiet 500 "topolino") key liye apane paise seey bhugtan karane key liye bhee kahaa gayaa thaa, jise usane yahoodiyon key bachaav key dauran kiraaye parr liya thaa aur buddepest kii soviyat gherabandi mein nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa; perlasca koo baad mein apani aajeevika poori karane key liye sangharsh karna padaa.
kewal 1961 mein, eichman pareekshan key aspas media key kolahal key avsar parr, resto dell carlino akhbar ney guseppe serato dwara ack pahala lekh prakaashit kiya jisamen perlasca kii kahani koo binaa kissy anunaad key bataaya gayaa thaa; aisaa hii 1960 key dashak key anta mein laa stampa parr prakaashit furio colombo key ack lekh key saath huaa thaa.
perlasca ney kabhi bhee prasiddhi key liye taras naheen kiya yaa apani kahani koo spasht roop seey chhipa naheen diyaa; unhone buss unhein bataaya kii unhein lagata thaa kii way upayukt praaptakarta hoe sakate hain, aur phir unhone apana jeevan jiyaa. kewal 1980 mein perlasca key parivaar koo usa gyaapan key baare mein pataa chalaa, jiska unhone masauda taiyar kiya thaa, jaba perlasca koo ack aghaat huaa thaa, jaba unhone apane nikatatam rishtedaron seey isake baare mein baat karane kaa faisala kiya thaa, lekin thheek honey key baad unhone ise niji rakhna jaari rakhaa. parivaar koo antatah 1987 mein gyaapan kii samagri key baare mein pataa chalaa, jaba kahani saarvajanik hoe gaee.
1987 mein, hangerian yahoodiyon key ack samooh, jinhen perlasca ney bachaaya thaa, unhein spen mein 42 varshon taka unaki khoj key baad aakhirkaar mill gayaa. usa samay iss karyakram kaa vyaapak prachaar thaa aur perlasca apane veertapurna karyon key liye prasiddh hoe gaye. enrico diaglio ney apani ullekhaniya veerata, "achchaae kii banality" (2002) kaa ack vivaran likhaa, joe ack bestseller bunn gayaa. iss pustak koo raay rashtriya television nigam dwara 1993 kii film 'perlasca' key saath bhramit naa honey key liye ack nirmit-tv film, 'perlasca-unn iro italiano' (2005) key roop mein rupaantarit kiya gayaa thaa. 1989 mein, perlasca koo hangri kii sansad dwara apane poorna satra mein sarvocch rashtriya sammaan key saath sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. agale varsh perlasca koo sanyukt raajya america mein prashansa millie aur washington mein darjanon patrakaron aur kuchh jeevit bache logon (iva laing, avarham ronai) dwara unakaa swaagat kiya gayaa, jaba holocost sangrahalaya ney unhein rashtron key beach dharmi key roop mein sammaanit kiya.
octuber 1991 mein, perlasca koo italvi ganarajya key bhavya aadhikarik khitaab seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa; senate ney vittiya kathinaaee (key madhyam seey) mein ullekhaniya italvi varishth nagrikon key liye jeevan pension key anudan koo manjuri dee, lekin perlasca ney anudan koo aswikar curr diyaa.
perlasca kii mrityu 15 agast 1992 koo padua mein dill kaa daura padane seey hui.
sajawat aur sammaan.
daak tikat.
ell 'ero adrishya, sylvia dell francia aur luka cognolato, isbn 978-958-30-6345-9