phomoxanthone aeye

mycotoxin phomoxanthone aeye, yaa sankshep mein pee. aiks. aeye., ack vishaakt praakritik utpaad haye joe mitochondria koo prabhaavit kartaa haye. yeh praakritik roop seey honey vaale phomoxanthone mein sabse vishaakt aur sabse achchha adhyayan kiya gayaa haye. pee. aiks. aeye. koo haal hii mein mitochondrial matricks koo tukade-tukade karke teji seey, gair-canonical mitochondrial vikhandan koo prerit karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye, jabaki baahari mitochondrial jhilli barkarar reh sakati haye. yeh prakriya mitochondrial vikhandan aur sanlayan niyamakon dee. aar. pee. 1 aur oh. pee. aeye. 1 seey swatantra dikhaai gaee thee.
guna aur sanrachana.
phomoxanthone kaa naam kavak "phomopsis" key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye, jisase unhein pahali baar alag kiya gayaa thaa, aur unaki zanthonoid sanrachana key baad, jiska arth haye kii unaki sanrachana yaugik zanthone (baain or chitrit) key samaan haye. rasayanik roop seey, phomoxanthone dou tetrahydroxanthone key diamer hain, jiska arth haye kii unamen zanthonoids kii dou upa ikaaiyaan hoti hain jinamen seey pratyek mein chaar hydroxy samooh hotey hain. phomoxanthone kii dou upa ikaaiyaan ack dusare seey sahsanyojak roop seey judee hui hain. pee. aiks. aeye. apane aap mein ack samaroopak haye, jiska arth haye kii isamen dou samaan upa-ikaaiyaan hoti hain. yeye donon upa-ikaaiyaan diacetylated tetrahydroxanthone hain, isaliye unake dou hydroxy samoohon koo acetyl samoohon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye. dou ayami upa ikaaiyon key beach kadee kii sthiti pxa aur isake cumm vishaakt isomers phomoxanthone bee (pxb) aur dicerendrol see key beach ekmatra sanrachanaatmak antar haih pxa mein, dou zanthonoid monomers samamit roop seey see-4,4 'kii sthiti mein judey hue hain, jabaki pxb mein, way see-2,4' parr asmamit roop seey judey hue hain, aur dicerendrol see mein, way see-2,2 'parr samamit roop seey judey hue hain. anyatha, yeye teenon yaugik sanrachanaatmak roop seey samaan hain. phomoxanthone sanrachanaatmak roop seey seclonic acid seey nikatata seey sambandhit hain, joe dimeric tetrahydroxanthone mycotoxin kaa ack anya varg haye, jisake saath way kaee gunon koo saajha karate hain. vishesh roop seey, phomoxanthone aur secalonic acid donon asthir hotey hain jaba dhruviya solvents jaise dee. aim. aiss. oh. mein ghul jaate hain, jisamen dou monomers key beach sahsanyojak bandhan 2,2′-, 2,4′-, aur 4,4′-linkage key beach sthanantarit hotaa haye. dou phomoxanthone pee. aiks. aeye. aur pee. aiks. bee. iss prakaar dheere-dheere ack dusare key saath-saath anivarya roop seey gair-vishaile dicerendrol see mein isomerise hoe sakate hain, jisake parinamswarup ack dhruviya vilaayak mein ghulane parr samay key saath pee. aiks. aeye. kii gatividhi mein kamee aatee haye.
ghatana.
praakritik utpaadon key roop mein, pee. aiks. aeye. aur anya phomoxanthone, vishesh roop seey "phomopsis longikola" prajaati mein, isi naam key vansh "phomopsis" key kavak mein maadhyamik chayapachaya key roop mein paae jaate hain. yeh kavak mangrove paudhe "sonretia casolaris" kaa ack endophyte haye. haalaanki, ise anya paudhon mein ack rogjanak key roop mein bhee pahachaana gayaa haye, jaise kii soyabean kaa paudha jisamen yeh "phomopsis" beej kshay (pee. aiss. dee.) naamak bimari kaa kaaran banata haye.
taiyari.
pee. aiks. aeye. aur pee. aiks. bee. donon kii khoj 2001 mein kii gaee thee, aur "phomopsis" kavak sanskritiyon seey algaav dwara unaki taiyari kaa varnan sambandhit prakaashan mein kiya gayaa thaa. sankshep mein, "phomopsis" culture key ack miyoh ark koo haye key saath milaaya jaataa haye aur hexen key saath dhoya jaataa haye. jaleey charan koo phir sukhaaya jaataa haye aur avashesh koo etoac mein bhang curr diyaa jaataa haye, haye key saath dhoya jaataa haye, kendrit kiya jaataa haye aur aakar-bahishkaran chromatography dwara baar-baar shuddh kiya jaataa haye. pee. aiks. aeye. aur pee. aiks. bee. kaa parinami mishran aich. pee. ell. see. dwara alag kiya jaataa haye. ack sanshodhit vidhi, jisamen praarambhik nishkarshan miyoh key bajaay etoac key saath kiya jaataa haye aur sukhaane key charan koo chhod diyaa jaataa haye, 2013 mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa.
upayog karein.
phomoxanthone aeye kii pehchaan pahali baar maleria rodhi yaugikon kii jaanch mein kii gaee thee. isane maleria key mukhya kaarak agent, protozoa parjivi "plasmodium falsiperum" key bahu-dawa-pratirodhi upabhed key khilaf majboot antibiotic gatividhi dikhaai. isi adhyayan ney "mycobacterium tuberculosis" key khilaf aur teen pashu koshika rekhaaon key khilaf pee. aiks. aeye. kii pratijaivik gatividhi kii bhee soochana dee, jinamen seey dou maanav cancer koshikaon seey praapt kii gaee theen. inn nishkarshon seey naa kewal pataa chalaa kii pee. aiks. aeye. mein bahut vividh jeevon key khilaf antibiotic gatividhi haye, balki unhone aage key adhyayanon koo bhee janm diyaa jinhone pee. aiks. aeye. kii sambhaavit antibiotic yaa cancer-rodhi dawa key roop mein jaanch kii. baad key ack adhyayan mein elga "chlorella fyuska", kavak "ustilago violesia" aur bacteria "basilus magterium" key khilaf pee. aiks. aeye. key liye antibiotic gatividhi kii bhee soochana dee gaee. gatividhi kii iss vyaapak shrinkhala ney ise ack vishisht antibiotic key roop mein ayogya ghoshit curr diyaa jiska upayog sankraamak rogon key upchaar mein kiya jaa sakata thaa, haalaanki yeh ummeed bunny rahee kii iska upayog cancer-rodhi dawa key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. maanav cancer koshikaon aur gair-cancer koshikaon mein ack adhyayan key praarambhik parinamon seey pataa chalata haye kii pee. aiks. aeye. baad vaale kii tulanaa mein pahale vaale key liye adhik vishaakt hoe sakata haye, halanki inn vivo adhyayanon key parinam abhee taka prastut naheen kiye gaye hain.
sambhaavit chikitsa upayog key alawa, haal key nishkarshon seey sanket milata haye kii pee. aiks. aeye. kaa mitochondrial jhilli gatishilata key adhyayan mein ack shodh upkaran key roop mein ack anuprayog hoe sakata haye, vishesh roop seey gair-canonical mitochondrial vikhandan aur mitochondrial matricks key punarnirmaan.
javic gatividhi.
choonki pee. aiks. aeye. mein bacteria, protozoa, kavak, paudhe aur maanav cancer koshikaon sahit pashu koshikaon jaise vividh jeevon key khilaf antibiotic gatividhi hoti haye, isaliye ise ack koshikiya visheshta koo prabhaavit karna padata haye joe vikaasvaadi roop seey atyadhik sanrakshit haye. haal key ack adhyayan seey pataa chalaa haye kii pee. aiks. aeye. mitochondria key jaiv rasayanik karyon aur unaki jhilli sanrachana donon koo baadhit karke seedhe prabhaavit kartaa haye. mitochondria koshikiya anga hain joe lagbhag sabhi eukariotes mein maujood hotey hain. sahajeevan key siddhant key anusaar, way bacteria seey praapt hotey hain aur unake saath kaee visheshtaon koo saajha karate hain, jisamen unaki jhilli sanrachana key kaee guna shamil hain.
mitochondria key mukhya karyon mein seey ack oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) kii prakriya key madhyam seey cellular oorjaa mudra atp kaa utpaadan karna haye. oxphos mitochondrial jhilli kshamata parr nirbhar kartaa haye, joe oxygen kii khapat key madhyam seey electron parivahan shrinkhala (aadi) dwara utpann hotaa haye. pee. aiks. aeye. koo mitochondria key inn sabhi karyon mein hastakshep karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa thaah yeh naa kewal aeye. tii. pee. sanshleshan koo cumm kartaa haye aur mitochondria koo vidhruveekrit kartaa haye, balki yeh aadi aur koshikiya oxygen kii khapat koo bhee rokta haye. yeh ise protonophore jaise anakpal agents seey alag kartaa haye. jabaki yeye aeye. tii. pee. sanshleshan koo bhee cumm karate hain aur mitochondria koo vidhruveekrit karate hain, way jhilli kshamata koo bahaal karane key prayaas mein badhee hui aadi gatividhi key kaaran ack hii samay mein shwasan koo badhaate hain.
mitochondria key kaary key iss avrodh key alawa, pee. aiks. aeye. unaki jhilli vastukala koo bhee baadhit kartaa haye. kaee prakaar kii koshikaon mein, mitochondria aam taur parr ack jatil tubeler network banaata haye joe santulit mitochondrial vikhandan aur mitochondrial sanlayan kii ack nirantar prakriya seey gujarta haye. pee. aiks. aeye. yaa kaee anya mitochondrial tanaavakon, jaise kii protonophores key saath upchaar, atyadhik vikhandan kaa kaaran banata haye jisake parinamswarup mitochondrial vikhandan hotaa haye. pee. aiks. aeye. key mamle mein, halanki, yeh vikhandan prakriya kaee tarikon seey protonophore jaise anya agents key kaaran honey vaale canonical vikhandan seey alag dikhaai gaee theeh pahala, yeh kaafee tej haye, jisake parinamswarup canonical vikhandan key liye lagbhag 30-60 minut key vipareet ack minut key bheetar poorna vikhandan hotaa haye; doosara, yeh mitochondrial vikhandan aur sanlayan niyamakon dee. aar. pee. 1 aur oh. pee. aeye. 1 seey swatantra haye; aur teesara, jabaki pee. aiks. aeye. jangli prakaar kii koshikaon mein baahari mitochondrial jhilli (oh. aim. aim.) aur mitochondrial matricks donon key vikhandan kaa kaaran banata haye, yeh koshikaon mein matricks key vishesh vikhandan kaa kaaran banata haye jisamen dee. aar. pee. 1 kii kamee hoti haye. yeh antim visheshta vishesh roop seey asamanya haye kyonki uchch eukariotes mein vishesh matricks vikhandan key liye koee sakriya tantra naheen jaanaa jaataa haye. mitochondrial ultrastructure kii jaanch seey pataa chalaa kii pee. aiks. aeye. christe vyavadhaan aur mitochondrial matricks kii poori vikriti kaa kaaran banata haye. yeh shayed iss prabhaav key madhyam seey haye kii pee. aiks. aeye. aeye. apoptosis key roop mein kramaadeshit koshika mrityu koo prerit kartaa haye.

