
alekjendar wonn falkenhousen

alekjendar ernst alfred herman freeher wonn falkenhousen (29 octuber 1878-31 julaai 1966) ack german general aur chiang kaaee-shake key sainya salaahkaar they. cheeni senaa mein sudhaar key liye sino-german sahyog key dauran way ack mahatvapurna vyakti they. 1938 mein, germany ney japan key dabaav mein chean key liye apana samarthan samaapt curr diyaa, aur falkenhousen koo ghar lautane key liye majboor honah padaa. europe mein vaapas, vaha baad mein 1940 seey 1944 taka belgium key german kabje key dauran belgium kii sainya sarkaar key pramukh baney.
praarambhik jeevan aur sainya carrier.
alekjendar wonn falkenhousen kaa janm russie praant silesia mein neese (abb nyasa, polland) key paas bluementhal mein huaa thaa, joe bairan alekjendar wonn falkenhousen (1844-1909) aur unaki patni, elizabeth key saat bachchon mein seey ack they. unhone bracelou (abb vrokla, polland) mein ack vyayamshala mein bhaag liya aur phir wahlstat (abb legniki poul) mein cadet school mein bhaag liya. apani yuvavastha mein, falkenhousen ney purvi asia aur usake samajon mein ruchi dikhaai. unhone 1909 seey 1911 taka japan, uttari chean, koria aur indochin kii yatra kii aur adhyayan kiya.
1897 mein unhein shaahi german senaa kii 91veen oldenberg paidal senaa resiment mein dusare leftinent key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone mukkebaaz vidroh koo dabaane mein bhaag liya thaa, aur 1900 seey pratham vishva yuddh taka japan mein ack sainya atashe key roop mein kaary kiya thaa. philistine mein ottoman senaa key saath seva karate hue unhein pratishthit pore leey marite puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. yuddh key baad, vaha reachsweher (german senaa) mein baney rahey aur 1927 mein unhein dresden paidal senaa school kaa pramukh niyukt kiya gayaa.
chiang kaaee-shake key salaahkaar.
1930 mein, falkenhousen seva seey sevaanivritt hue aur 1934 mein cheeni senaa mein sudhaar key liye sino-german sahyog key hisse key roop mein chiang kaaee-shake key sainya salaahkaar key roop mein seva karane key liye chean gaye. sudhaar key dauran, wonn falkenhousen adhikansh sainya prashikshan key liye jimmedaar they. wonn seekt kii mool yojanaon mein senaa koo wehrmatch key model parr 60 kuleen prabhagon taka cumm karane kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh sawal kii kinn guton koo samaapt kiya jaayega, ack samasya bunny rahee.
aathh prabhagon mein lagbhag 80,000 cheeni sainikon koo prashikshit kiya gayaa aur chiang kii senaa key abhijaat varg kaa gathan kiya gayaa. haalaanki, chean samaan sharton parr japan kaa saamana karane key liye taiyar naheen thaa, aur apane donon karmchari adhikaariyon aur wonn falkenhousen kii apattiyon key bavjood, shanghai kii ladaai mein apane sabhi nae divisions koo khadaa karane key chiang key nirnay seey usey apane sarvshreshth sainikon kaa ack tihai kharch karna padaa. chiang ney antim grih yuddh key liye taakat banaae rakhane key liye apani ranneeti badal dee.
wonn falkenhousen ney sifarish kii kii chiang sangharsh kaa yuddh ladey kyonki falkenhousen ney ganana kii kii japan ack deerghakaalik yuddh naheen jeet sakata thaa. unhone sujhaav diyaa kii chiang koo pealy nadee rekha koo pakadana chaahiye, aur yuddh mein baad taka hamla naheen karna chaahiye. isake alawa, chiang koo uttari chean mein shandong sahit kaee praanton koo chhodana chaahiye. unhone japani pragati koo dheema karane key liye ranneetik roop seey mahatvapurna sthaanon parr kaee kilebandi banaane kii bhee sifarish kii. falkenhousen ney cheeniyon koo japani rekhaaon key peechhe kaee chhapamar abhiyaan sthaapit karane kii bhee salah dee.
1937 mein, naazi germany ney japan key samrajya key saath gathbandhan kiya, joe chean ganarajya key saath doosara cheeni-japani yuddh lada rhaa thaa. japan key prati sadbhavana key sanket key roop mein, germany ney japani kathputali raajya manchukuo koo maanyata dee, chean seey german samarthan vaapas leey liya aur falkenhousen koo germany mein apane parivaar koo bevafai key liye dandit karane kii dhamki dekar istifa dene key liye majboor kiya. chiang kaaee-shake key parivaar key saath ack alvida ratribhoj key baad, falkenhousen ney vaadaa kiya kii vaha japaniyon key saamane apani kissy bhee yuddh yojana kaa khulasa kabhi naheen karenge.
kuchh sroton key anusaar (vishesh roop seey 1930 key dashak key anta mein communist cheeni logon seey), falkenhousen chiang kaaee-shake key sampark mein rahey aur kabhi-kabhi unhein, chiang parivaar aur unake adhikaariyon koo europeeya vilasita kii vastuen aur bhojan bhejate they. 1950 mein apane 72vein janmadin parr, falkenhousen koo janmadin key upahaar key roop mein chiang kaaee-shake seey 12,000 americi dollar kaa check aur unhein "chean kaa mitra" ghoshit karane vaalaa ack vyaktigat nott milaa.
1958 mein unake 80vein janmadin parr, belgium mein cheeni rajdoot wang shiaoxy ney falkenhousen koo chean kii raksha mein unake yogdan key liye pavitra tipai key adesh kaa bhavya gheraa pradaan kiya.
belgium key liye sainya governor.
1938 mein sakriya kartavya key liye vaapas bulaaye gaye, falkenhousen ney paschimi morche parr ack paidal senaa key general key roop mein kaary kiya, jaba taka kii unhein maee 1940 mein belgium kaa sainya governor niyukt naheen kiya gayaa, vahee pada unake chaacha ludwig wonn falkenhousen ney 23 saal pahale pratham vishva yuddh key dauran sambhala thaa. apane prashaasan kii poori avadhi key dauran, falkenhousen ney aggert reader aur dow. donon key saath sahyog kiya thaa. sabse achchha, apane kshetra mein hegg sammelan key niyamon koo lagu karane kii koshish karna, aksar unake wehrmatch aur ss varishthon kii ichchhaon aur nirdeshon key khilaf.
haalaanki yahudi aabaadi key prati naazi ugravaad kaa virodh karate hue, vaha reinhard heydrich key resh key dabaav key aage jhuk gaye, jisase juuna 1942 mein 28,900 yahoodiyon kaa nirvaasan huaa. aarthik mamalon key liye unake upa, aggert reader, belgium kii arthavyavastha mein "yahudi prabhaav" key vinash key prabhaari they, jisase yahudi shramikon kii badey paimaane parr berojgari hui, vishesh roop seey heere key vyavasaay mein. jabaki aarthik neeti key karyanvayan ney belgium key yahudi shramikon kii badey paimaane parr berojgari kaa kaaran banaa, reader key prayason ney german kabje key dauran belgium aur uttari france key bheetar maujooda rashtriya prashaasnik sanrachanaon aur vyaavsaayik sambandhon koo sanrakshit kiya. inn berojgar belgium key yahoodiyon mein seey 2,250 koo sangathan key liye atlantic deewaar banaane key liye uttari france mein jabaran shram shiviron mein bheja gayaa thaa.
yeh sunishchit karane key liye kii sabhi belgium key logon ney german kabje mein sahyog kiya, reader ney mool belgium key yahoodiyon koo belgium mein rahane kii anumati dene key liye ack samjhaute parr baatchit kii. iska ack hissa 14 march 1942 koo peris mein helmut nochen key sammelan taka sabhi yahoodiyon key liye harr samay david kaa peela taaraa pahankar chihnit kiye jaane key liye reech suraksha mukhya karyalaya adesh kaa gair-pravartan thaa.
unhone germans key khilaf pratirodh key liye belgiumiyon key nishpaadan koo rokane key liye dou baar hastakshep kiya, ack cheeni-belgium mahila kian scheuling key anurodh parr, jiska badaa chachera bhaai, leftinent general kian jhiolun, chean mein apane samay key dauran falkenhousen kaa ack achchha dost thaa aur yuddh key baad key mukadame mein kian scheuling ney apane bachaav mein kahaah "maine general wonn falkenhousen kii madad key binaa kuchh bhee naheen kiya thaa. bhale hii vaha kissy puraskar key yogya naa hoe, naa hii usa parr mukadama chalaaya jaanaa chaahiye, nishchit roop seey naheen."
bumm kii sajish.
falkenhousen hitler virodhi shadyantrakariyon, carle friedrich gordeller aur feeled marshel irvin wonn witzleben key karibi dost they aur jald hii adolph hitler aur naazi shasson seey nafrat karane lagey. unhone hitler key khilaf ack niyojit takhtapalat key liye witzleben koo apana samarthan dene kii peshkash kii, lekin takhtapalat mein koee bhaag naheen liya. 1944 mein hitler koo maarne kii 20 julaai kii sajish key whiffle honey key baad, falkenhousen koo unaki kamaan seey mukt curr diyaa gayaa aur baad mein unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa. falkenhousen ney yuddh kaa shesh samay ack yaatana shivir seey dusare yaatana shivir mein sthanantarit honey mein bitaaya. aprail 1945 key anta mein unhein daachaau yaatana shivir key lagbhag 140 anya pramukh kaidiyon key saath tyrol mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa.
ss kaidiyon koo peechhe chhod curr bhaag gayaa aur usey paanchven yuu dwara pakad liya gayaa.aiss. 5 maee 1945 koo senaa.
mukadama aur kshama.
falkenhousen aur reader koo 1948 mein mukadame key liye belgium bheja gayaa thaa, jahan unhein teen saal key liye remand parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. belgium seey yahoodiyon key nirvaasan mein unaki bhoomika key liye ack mukadama, lekin aushwitz mein unaki mrityu key liye naheen, 9 march 1951 koo brussels mein shuru huaa aur vakeel ernst achenbakh dwara unakaa bachaav kiya gayaa.
mukadame key dauran, falkenhousen koo kian scheuling, poorv francisi pradhaan mantri leone blum aur kaee belgium key yahoodiyon dwara pushti kii gaee thee, jinhone saboot diyaa kii falkenhousen aur reader ney belgium aur yahudi jeevan koo bachaane kii koshish kii thee. phir bhee, 9 julaai 1951 koo unhein doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur germany mein baarah saal key kathor shram kii sajaa sunai gaee. mukadame kii samaapti key teen saptah baad paschim germany lautane parr, belgium key kaanoon dwara aavashyak apani sajaa kaa ack tihai hissa puuraa karane key baad, unhein chansler konrad edenaur dwara maaf curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
baad kaa jeevan.
germany lautane parr, vaha pahale apane dost franz wonn papen kii sampatti parr tatkalin aantarik german seema key paas rahata thaa aur phir, purvi german agents dwara apaharan key darr seey, naasaau aine dair laan mein rahata thaa.
1950 mein, falkenhousen ack vidhur bunn gaye; 1960 mein unhone apani doosari patni, cecil vent (1906-1977) seey shaadi kii, joe ack belgium key pratirodh senani they. way 1948 mein apani jail key dauran unase mille they, jaba vent jail key prashaasnik aayog key sadasya they.