
gell jefferson

gell jefferson (22 aprail 1938-21 farwari 2008) ack americi samajshastri theen, jinhone samaaj-bhashavigyan parr jore diyaa thaa. vaha, harvey borey aur emmanuel skiegloff key saath, baatchit vishleshan (see. aeye.) key roop mein jaane jaane vaale shodh key kshetra key sansthapakon mein seey ack theen. unhein bhaashan koo likhane key liye vikasit kiye gaye tarikon aur saanketik paramparaon key liye yaad kiya jaataa haye, joe baad mein jefferson pratilekhan pranali kaa nirmaan karati haye."yeh abb caa anusandhaan mein vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye.
praarambhik jeevan.
jefferson kaa janm 22 aprail, 1938 koo ayova shahar mein huaa thaa. usake baad unakaa parivaar loss angils jaane seey pahale ack chhoti avadhi key liye newyork chalaa gayaa, jahan unhone apane adhikansh shaikshanik varsh hyee school, phir yuu. see. ell. aeye. mein bhaag lete hue bitaaye. 
1965 mein, unhone yuu. see. ell. aeye. seey nritya mein snaatak kii degree praapt kii. unhone 1972 mein yuu. see. irvin mein samajik vigyaan mein phd poori kii. 
unhone pensylvania vishvavidyalaya, massachusets amherst vishvavidyalaya aur california parisaron key kaee vishvavidyalayon (yuu. see. aiss. bee., yuu. see. aaee. aur yuu. see. ell. aeye.) mein asthaayi niyuktiyan kii theen. 
inn asthaayi padon key baad, jefferson ney manchester vishvavidyalaya mein ack adhik sthaayi shodh sthiti shuru kii, jahan unhone 1978 seey 1981 taka kaam kiya. vahaan, unhone johnn aar key saath ack pariyojana mein pratilekhan key apane tarikon kaa upayog kiya.ee. lii sheershak, "baatchit jisamen 'pareshaaniyan' aur 'chintaaen' vyakt kii jaati hain. 
britten mein apani sthiti key chaar saal baad, unhone tilberg, neetherland (1981-1983) kii yatra kii, jahan way konrad ehlich key saath ack shodh sahayogi bunn gaeen. ack saath, unhone ack pariyojana parr kaam kiya jisamen ativyaapi aur vyakhya shamil thee. 
1984 mein, vaha britten laut aaeen aur york vishvavidyalaya mein ack maanad pada shuru kiya. 
vaha 1987 mein neetherland vaapas chully gaeen aur albert stullen seey shaadi kii. vaha vahaan taba taka rahee jaba taka kii 2008 mein 69 varsh kii ayu mein neetherland key rhinsumagest mein unaki mrityu naheen hoe gaee.
baatchit kaa vishleshan.
jefferson kaa baatchit vishleshan mein kaam 1965 key vasant mein ack kaksha mein unake pathyakram key ack hisse key roop mein shuru huaa jise unhone harvey borey dwara padhaaya gayaa thaa. unhone apane nritya pramukh key liye snaatak kii aavashyakta koo puuraa karane key liye kaksha mein dakhila liya. unhone saarvajanik swaasthya vibhaag mein ack clerk typist key roop mein apane kaam key madhyam seey buniyaadi pratilekhan kaushal seekha thaa aur jail guards key liye samvedansheelta-prashikshan satron koo pratilekhit karane mein apane anubhav aur kaam kiya thaa. isase unhein vaha anubhav milaa jisane unhein kuchh recording koo likhane kii anumati dee joe samagri key roop mein kaam karati theen jinamen seey borey key shuruati vyakhyan vikasit kiye gaye they. unhone iss vishay parr unake kaee vyakhyanon koo likhaa aur unaki mrityu key baad unakaa sampadan kiya aur unhein jaari kiya. baad mein unhone unaki dekhrekh mein snaatak kaary kiya, jiss samay taka vaha pahale seey hii kshetra koo vaichaarik roop seey aakar denaa shuru curr chuki theen, saath hii saath baatchit key vaastav mein achche vivaranon key apane pratilekhon key madhyam seey, jisamen hansee kaa vivaran bhee shamil thaa, joe kahaa jaataa haye usey aur kaise kahaa jaataa haye, udaaharan key liye, baatchit mein cheejon koo chamakaane key bajaay, jitna sambhav hoe utanaa bariki seey kaid karna. boron aur yojana key saath, jefferson koo baatchit mein baari lene key adhyayan key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. borey key saath kaam karate hue, vartalap vishleshan key adhyayan mein jefferson kaa yogdan usa samay vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna thaa, kyonki vartalap vishleshan naa kewal samajshastra mein ack nayaa kshetra thaa, balki samajshastra key kshetra mein sookshm-samajshastra parr dhyaan kendrit karane kii shuruat kaa bhee sanket detaa thaa. jefferson ney baatchit key dou pramukh moolbhoot pahaluon kii or apana mukhya dhyaan kendrit kiya joe kshan-darr-kshan baatchit koo aakar denaa aur baatchit koo phir seey aakar denaa thaa. inn dou prakaar kii baatchit mein unake yogdan, iss baat key spashteekaran key alawa kii baatchit apratyashitata key saath kaise sambandhit haye, baatchit key vishleshan key kshetra mein anya samajshastriyon seey unake laabhon koo alag karate hain.
apane jeevan key antim duss varshon key dauran, jefferson ney watergate tepon koo likhane parr kaam kiya. watergate tape 37vein rashtrapati richard nixon kii apane vakeelon aur unake kuchh karibi karmchaariyon key saath baatchit key 22 pratilekhon seey baney they. jefferson ney inn sabhi pratilekhon koo ms shabd praarup mein taiyar kiya aur unamen seey chaar koo typewriter kaa upayog karke bhee likhaa. isake alawa, jefferson kaa samaaj-bhashavigyan key bheetar vishisht dhyaan haasya parr kendrit thaa. natijatan, 2007 mein unhone sweeden mein ack sammelan mein hansee kii machinary parr apana antim pepper prastut kiya."iss antim pepper mein unake jall-dwaar tepon key pratilekhon seey liye gaye aankadon key saath-saath unake kuchh samvaad apane yuva varshon mein harvey borey key saath shamil they.
baad mein jeevan.
chaar dashakon seey adhik samay taka, jisamen seey adhikansh key liye vaha koee vishvavidyalaya kaa pada naheen rakhti thee aur binaa vetan key thee, jefferson key baatchit mein shodh ney caa key roop mein jaane jaane vaale maanak koo nirdhaarit kiya haye. baatchit key vishleshan mein unakaa yogdan mahatvapurna thaa kyonki unhone abb "jeffersonian pratilekhan" yaa "jeffersonian pratilekhan pranali" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya haye. yeh pranali kaee alag-alag prateekon seey bunny haye, pratyek key baad ack vistrit spashteekaran haye kii prateek swayam usa sandarbh mein kyaa darshaata haye jiska upayog kiya jaataa haye. iss pranali kaa antarnihit uddeshya bhaashan key pattern kii pehchaan mein sahaayata karna haye, aur una logon kii sahaayata karna haye joe baatchit koo annotate karane kii koshish curr rahey hain. unake kaam ney antahkriya key samajshastriya adhyayan koo bahut prabhaavit kiya haye, lekin vishesh roop seey bhashavigyan, sanchaar aur maanav vigyaan seey parey bhee vishayon koo prabhaavit kiya haye. yeh itna sach naheen hoga kii unakaa kaam antar-yaa bahu-anushasanatmak thaa kyonki anushasanatmak seemaaen unaki poochtaachh key liye aprasangik theen jise ering goffman ney "baatchit adesh" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya thaa."

