
bachchon dwara maataa-pitaa kaa durvyavahar

maataa-pitaa dwara unake bachchon dwara durvyavahar, jise child-too-parent hinsa (see. pee. vee.) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, gharelu hinsa kaa ack roop haye jahaan maataa-pitaa koo apane bachche yaa bachchon seey durvyavahar praapt hotaa haye. yeh manovigyaan key kshetra mein sabse cumm report kiye gaye aur cumm shodh kiye gaye vishay kshetron mein seey ack haye. maataa-pitaa aksar bachpan kii aakraamakta key star key adheen hotey hain, samanya bachpan key aakramak prakopon seey adhik, aamtaur parr maukhik yaa shaaririk durvyavahar key roop mein.
"maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar" koo cottrell (2001, pee. 3) "ack kishore bachche key kissy bhee hanikarak kaary key roop mein jiska uddeshya maataa-pitaa parr shakti aur niyantran praapt karna haye. durvyavahar shaaririk, manovaigyaanik yaa vittiya hoe sakata haye. halanki iss prakaar kaa durvyavahar aksar kishoravastha key varshon (aksar 12 seey 17 taka) key dauran hotaa haye, lekin kuchh reports mein 10 saal seey cumm umr key bachchon key mamle dikhaai dete hain. udaaharan key liye, ack betty kaa apane bujurg maataa-pitaa key liye awas pradaan karane kaa mamla. betty aksar apane maataa-pitaa kaa upman karati haye, way kyaa karate hain yaa way kahaan jaate hain, ise niyantrit karati haye aur unase joe kuchh bhee vaha kahati haye vaha karane kii apeksha karati haye kyonki vaha ghar kii malik haye. ack sheriff dipty koo jaanch key liye bheja gayaa thaa, lekin maataa-pitaa usake saath rahane key baare mein bahut sakaratmak they isaliye samajik kaaryakartaon kii report koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. apane bachche seey durvyavahar kaa anubhav karane key prabhaav gahare hoe sakate hain. alpaavadhi mein, maataa-pitaa key saath chala rahey durvyavahar seey maataa-pitaa aur parivaar key anya sadasyon key shaaririk aur manovaigyaanik swaasthya parr prabhaav padata haye, jisamen vishisht nakaratmak bhaavanaaen jaise kii bhaya, sherm, aparaadh aur nirasha aamtaur parr darj kii jaati hain (cottrell aur bhikshu, 2004).
karanon parr abhee taka poori tarah seey shodh kiya jaanaa baaki haye, lekin maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar key liye bachche key sambhaavit yogadankartaon key roop mein teen mukhya charr sujhaae gaye hainh 
ack bachcha apmaanjanak hoe sakata haye kyonki usane khud kissy naa kissy roop mein durvyavahar kaa saamana kiya haye, haalaanki hamesha aisaa naheen hoe sakata haye. maataa-pitaa kaa durvyavahar naa kewal vyaktigat muddon seey, balki sanrachanaatmak samajik aur saanskritik karakon seey bhee utpann hoe sakata haye.
parichay.
maataa-pitaa aur daadaa-daadi key prati kishore durvyavahar sanyukt raajya america key saath-saath duniya bhar key anya deshon mein ack samasya haye. haalaanki, isaki aksar charcha yaa soochana naheen dee jaati haye, kyonki adhikansh parivarik durvyavahar taba taka saarvajanik drishtikon seey chhipa rahata haye jaba taka kii kaanoon pravartan shamil naheen hoe jaataa. kuchh shodhkartaon key anusaar, baal shoshan aur pati-patni key durvyavahar parr charcha kii jaati haye, lekin maataa-pitaa dwara apane swayam key bachchon dwara durvyavahar koo abhee bhee kaee logon dwara varjit vishay maanaa jaataa haye. isake kaaran yeh hoe sakate hain kii maataa-pitaa sharminda mahsoos karate hain yaa sochate hain kii unhein binaa baahari sahaayata key khud seey sthiti koo sambhaalane mein saksham honah chaahiye. isake alawa, kuchh maataa-pitaa mahsoos curr sakate hain kii sthiti koo niyantrit karane kaa prayaas karna unake liye surakshit naheen haye kyonki yeh unake bachche koo aur krodhit curr sakata haye. haalaanki, kissy bhee prakaar kaa durvyavahar peedit key saath-saath durvyavahar karane vaale key liye bhee hanikarak haye, aur aggar ise nazarandaj kiya jaataa haye tou isake adhik gambhir parinam hoe sakate hain. kishore maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar kaa samadhan khojane key liye pahala kadam samasya kii pehchaan karna yaa sweekaar karna haye, aur hastakshep key madhyam seey madad lena samasyagrast kishore vyavhaar koo hull karane key prayaas kaa agala kadam haye.
iss ghatana key prasaar kaa pataa lagaana mushkil haye kyonki yeh maataa-pitaa dwara bahut cumm bataaya jaataa haye. kanada, sanyukt raajya america aur oceania mein kiye gaye shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii maataon, akele maataa-pitaa key saath-saath maataa-pitaa koo samajik aur parivarik kathinaaiyon kaa saamana karna padata haye, maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar kaa anubhav karane kii adhik sambhavana haye, chaahe kissy bachche ney parivaar mein hinsa kaa anubhav kiya hoe yaa naheen.
maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar mein ack anootha kaarak 'dosh kii sanskriti' haye, joe pichhale dashak mein gahari hui haye.
jansankhyiki.
umr.
kishoron dwara maataa-pitaa kaa durvyavahar apekshaakrit aam hoe sakata haye; ack kishore 12 seey 19 varsh kii ayu kaa ack yuva vyakti haye. haalaanki, durvyavahar karane vaale 10 yaa usase cumm umr key hoe sakate hain.
durvyavahar key prakaar.
cottrell aur bobic key anusaar, durvyavahar ack yaa paanch roopon key sanyojan mein dikhaai dey sakata haye; shaaririk, maukhik, manovaigyaanik, bhaavnaatmak aur vittiya. bobic ney paanch soochibaddh durvyavaharon mein seey kewal chaar kaa ullekh kiya; maukhik durvyavahar koo unake 2004 key lekh, "maataa-pitaa key prati kishore hinsa" mein shamil naheen kiya gayaa thaa."
apmaanjanak vyavhaar key kaee kaaran.
kaee loga maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar koo kharaab paalan-poshan, upeksha, yaa khud key durvyavahar seey peedit bachche kaa parinam maanate hain, joe kuchh logon ney nishchit roop seey anubhav kiya haye, lekin anya kishore durvyavahar karane vaalon kii "samanya" parvarish hui haye aur unhein inn sthitiyon seey peedit naheen honah padaa haye. bachchon koo tv, filmon aur sangeet mein hinsa kaa saamana karna parh sakata haye aur hinsa koo "samanya" maanaa jaa sakata haye."parivaar kii ikai kaa tootana, maataa-pitaa key saath kharaab yaa astitvaheen sambandh, saath hii rinn, berojgari, aur maataa-pitaa kii nashili davaaon/sharaab key durupyog sabhi durupyog mein yogdan dene vaale kaarak hoe sakate hain. kaee visheshagyon key anusaar maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar key kuchh anya kaaran hainh
itihas.
maataa-pitaa kaa durvyavahar ack apekshaakrit nayaa shabd haye. 1979 mein, harbin aur madden ney "mool battery" shabd kaa upayog karate hue ack adhyayan jaari kiya, lekin kishore aparaadh, joe ack pramukh kaarak haye, kaa adhyayan 19veen shatabdi key anta seey kiya gayaa haye. bhale hii sanyukt raajya america, australia, kanada aur anya deshon mein kuchh adhyayan kiye gaye hain, lekin maataa-pitaa key prati kishore durvyavahar kii report karane kii kamee seey isaki seema koo sateek roop seey nirdhaarit karna mushkil hoe jaataa haye. kaee adhyayanon koo kishoron dwara aatm-reporting parr bharosa karna padata haye. 2004 mein, brigham young university key robbinson ney prakaashit kiyaah "parent abuseh aeye historical review onn dha raaijah american association off behavioural soshal science online journal mein, 1988 key adhyayan key parinamon kii reporting joe evance aur vaaran-sohlberg dwara kiye gaye they. parinamon mein bataaya gayaa kii maataa-pitaa key saath 57 pratishat durvyavahar shaaririk thaa; 17 pratishat parr hathiyar kaa upayog karna; 5 pratishat parr saman fenkana aur 22 pratishat parr maukhik durvyavahar kii soochana dee gaee. 82 pratishat durvyavahar maataon key khilaf (pitaa kii tulanaa mein paanch gunaa adhik) aur 11 pratishat durvyavahar karane vaale 10 varsh seey cumm ayu key they. durvyavahar kii sabse adhik darr ekal maan vaale parivaaron mein hoti haye. maataaen aamtaur parr praathamik dekhbhal karane vaali hoti hain; way apane bachchon key saath pitaa kii tulanaa mein adhik samay bitaati hain aur unake saath bhaavnaatmak sambandh adhik hotey hain. yeh durvyavahar karane vaale key aakar aur taakat key kaaran bhee hoe sakata haye aur mahilaaon koo aksar kamjor aur shaktiheen bhee maanaa jaataa haye. maataa-pitaa kaa durvyavahar kissy bhee parivaar mein hoe sakata haye aur yeh jaruri naheen kii jaatiya prishthabhoomi, samajik-aarthik varg yaa yaun abhivinyas seey judaa hoe.
kaee adhyayanon ney nishkarsh nikala kii apraadhiyon kii kull sankhya mein ling kii bhoomika naheen haye; haalaanki, purushon key shaaririk shoshan karane kii adhik sambhavana haye aur mahilaaon key bhaavnaatmak shoshan karane kii adhik sambhavana haye. sanyukt raajya america key adhyayanon kaa anuman haye kii kishoron key beach hinsa 15-17 varsh kii ayu mein charam parr haye. haalaanki, 2001 mein barbara cottrell dwara kiye gaye ack kanadai adhyayan seey pataa chalata haye kii umr 12-14 varsh purani haye.
maataa-pitaa kaa durvyavahar kewal ghar key ander naheen hotaa haye, balki saarvajanik sthaanon parr bhee hoe sakata haye, jisase maataa-pitaa kaa upman badh jaataa haye. durvyavahar kewal gharelu mamla naheen haye, balki aaparaadhik bhee hoe sakata haye. adhikansh kishore ack samanya sankraman kaa anubhav karate hain jisamen way aashrit honey seey swatantra honey kii koshish karate hain, lekin aswasthyakar maataa-pitaa key niyantran kii kuchh gatishilata bhee iss sambandh mein ack bachche koo thheek seey paalane mein viphalata mein ack seedhi bhoomika nibhaati haye. maataa-pitaa key adhikaar key prati pratirodh kaa samay hamesha rahega. parivarik hinsa parr kanadai rashtriya samashodhan grih key anusaar, durvyavahar aam taur parr maukhik durvyavahar key saath shuru hotaa haye, lekin phir bhee, kuchh mahilaaen ack bachche key prati bahut shaaririk roop seey apmaanjanak hoe sakati hain joe unase chhota aur adhik kamjor haye, aur apane durvyavahar koo cover karane key liye, way aksar vaastavik ghatnaaon key baare mein dusare maataa-pitaa seey jhooth bolati hain joe "gambhir sajaa" kaa kaaran banati hain."bachcha, kishore yaa maataa-pitaa koee pachtawa yaa aparaadh naheen dikhaa sakate hain aur vyavhaar mein uchit mahsoos curr sakate hain, lekin kaee baar jaba bachcha vahee hotaa haye jisake saath durvyavahar kiya jaa rhaa hotaa haye, tou unhein apana bachaav karane key liye majboor honey key liye bahut pachtawa hotaa haye, khaskar jaba way aakramak naheen hotey hain. maataa-pitaa koo apane bachchon key vyavhaar kii jaanch karni chaahiye aur yeh nirdhaarit karna chaahiye kii kyaa yeh sweekarya haye yaa kyaa yeh durvyavahar kii rekha koo paar kartaa haye, thheek usee tarah jaise ack maataa-pitaa kii jimmedaari ack vayask key roop mein haye jise behtar roop seey pataa honah chaahiye kii ack bachche key prati apane swayam key durvyavahar key liye jimmedaar honah chaahiye. kuchh kishore maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar aur shithilata yaa manovaigyaanik samasyaon key parinamswarup aakramak hoe sakate hain. kuchh bachchon koo apani bhaavanaon seey nipatane mein pareshani hoe sakati haye, yeh sub badey honey kaa hissa haye, lekin ack rekha haye jise paar naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye aur maataa-pitaa yeh nirdhaarit curr sakate hain kii vaha rekha kahaan haye. durbhagya seey, durvyavahar kiye gaye bachchon koo apmaanjanak maataa-pitaa seey suraksha naheen dee jaati haye. yeh abhyaas aksar apmaanjanak vyavhaar koo hatotsaahit karane mein madad kartaa haye aur yeh darshaata haye kii ise bardasht naheen kiya jaayega.
kishore-maataa-pitaa key beach durvyavahar kii baatchit kaa vishisht model.
spitzberg key anusaar maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar kii or leey jaane vaali vishisht baatchit aksar nimnalikhit anukram mein hoti haih
kishoron aur maataa-pitaa dwara durvyavahar kiye jaane vaale bachchon key uchit upchaar key liye iss prakaar key aakramak vyavhaaron koo pahachaanana bahut mahatvapurna haye. phir bhee hinsa badhana ack paraspar kriya haye. jaba maataa-pitaa yaa anya bhaavnaatmak roop seey atee pratikriya karate hain aur hastakshep karate hain, tou way maataa-pitaa key roop mein hinsa aur anuchitata key udaaharan dekar kishore kii aakraamakta koo uchch star taka badhaa sakate hain. maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar aur nakaratmak vyavhaaron key prati adhik pravritti, bachche kii pratikriya bhee utani hii adhik hogi, jitani adhik baar nakaratmak tareeke seey. inn donon gatishiltaon koo santulit karna parivaaron key bheetar sambhaavit durvyavahar koo cumm karane mein swasth parivarik gatishilata kii kunji haye, chaahe vaha maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar yaa baal durvyavahar hoe.
hastakshep.
kishore maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar kaa saamana karane key liye shayed hastakshep sabse achchha samadhan haye aur kishoron, kishoron aur yuva vayaskon dwara isake shuruati charanon key dauran aakramak vyavhaar koo badalane aur maataa-pitaa key durvyavahar key kissy bhee anya roop koo honey seey rokane mein madad karane kii kunji haye.
jabaki hastakshep ack vikalp haye, yeh hamesha kaam naheen curr sakata haye. aise samay hotey hain jaba bachche koo ack mansik bimari hoti haye joe bachche, kishore yaa kishore koo yeh samajhane kii anumati naheen detee haye kii vaastav mein kyaa hoe rhaa haye. isaliye, vyakti apani bhaavanaon koo samajhane key ekmatra tareeke seey kaary kartaa haye. yeh khud koo hinsa, bhaavnaatmak durvyavahar, vyaktigat sampatti koo nasht karane yaa aatm-shaaririk chot jaise vinashkari vyavhaar key roop mein prastut curr sakata haye. sanyukt raajya america vartamaan mein adalaton, baal suraksha sevaaon aur anya agencies kaa upayog karke durvyavahar kiye gaye bachchon kii raksha kartaa haye. america mein vayask suraksha sevaaen bhee hain joe durvyavahar, upeksha, yaa badey vayaskon aur mahatvapurna viklang vayaskon key liye pradaan kii jaati hain. aisee koee agency yaa karyakram naheen hain joe maataa-pitaa koo apmaanjanak bachchon, kishoron yaa kishoron seey bachaati hain, isake alawa way jiss raajya mein rahate hain, vahaan apane maataa-pitaa key adhikaaron koo chhod dete hain.

