
proton aur hays naabhik key liye radiobiology sakshya

aanvik, koshikiya aur ootak anta binduon key liye saapeksh javic prabhavsheelta key proton aur hays naabhik key saath adhyayan, jisamen tumour preran bhee shamil haye, antariksh vikiran key sampark seey jokhim koo pradarshit karate hain.
 iss sakshya koo lagu purani sthitiyon key liye bahishkrit kiya jaa sakata haye joe antariksh mein paae jaate hain aur tej gati vaale parr upayog kiye jaane vaale bhaari aayan beemon seey.
antariksh vikiran dwara cancer preran.
antariksh vikiran cancer jokhim mulyankan mein sudhaar key liye ack aavashyak kadam aanvik maargon parr adhyayan karna haye joe cancer kii shuruat aur pragati kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain, aur inn adhyayanon kaa vistaar yeh jaanane key liye karna haye kii kaise iss tarah key maargon koo aich. ee. ee. ayanon dwara baadhit kiya jaa sakata haye, jisamen aanuvanshik aur epigenetic donon sanshodhan shamil hain joe cancer key lakshan key roop mein nott kiye gaye hain (chitra 4-8). iss shodh kaa lakshya jokhim kaa anuman lagaane aur prashnon key uttar dene key liye ack adhik yaantrik drishtikon sthaapit karna haye, jisamen yeh bhee shamil haye kii kyaa gaama kiranon seey jhilli prabhaav koo maapa jaa sakata haye, kyaa jokhim cumm khuraak-darr key saath raikhik haye, aur vyaktigat vikiran samvedansheelta kaise antariksh yaatriyon key liye jokhimon koo prabhaavit karati haye, ack aisee aabaadi joe swaasthya mein utkrishtata seey sambandhit kaee karakon key liye chuni gaee haye.
praarambhik javic ghatanaaen.
pratyek kann key prakshepavakra key saath sthaaniyakrit yogdan key saath, aur aayan key path seey kaee micrometer urjaavaan electrons (delta kiranon) key paarshv prasaar key saath, jhed ayanon dwara oorjaa kaa jamaav atyadhik visham hotaa haye. isaliye, inn kanon kii visheshta uchch-parat haye, haalaanki, unamen ack nimn-parat vaale ghatak farr seey uchch-oorjaa vaale electron hotey hain joe ayanon dwara utsarjit hotey hain kyonki way ootak koo paar karate hain. jaivbhautikiya model ney dikhaaya haye kii uchch-pravaah vikiran dwara oorjaa nikshepan kii ghatnaaon seey jatil dee. aine. aeye. tootane sahit antar dee. aine. aeye. ghaav paida hotey hain, aur yeh kii uchch-pravaah vikiran key beach gunaatmak antar hotey hain, donon mein preran aur dee. aine. aeye. kshati kii marammat. vikiran dwara utpaadit dee. aine. aeye. ekal-khand viram (aiss. aiss. bee. aiss.) aur dohare-khand viram (dee. aiss. bee. aiss.) kii sankhya vikiran prakaar key saath bahut cumm bhinn hoti haih haalaanki, uchch-star key vikiran key liye, dee. aine. aeye. kshati kaa ack uchch ansh jatil hotaa haye; i.ee.samooh jisamen dou yaa dou seey adhik prakaar key nuksan (ssb, dsb, aadi) key mishran hotey hain.) dee. aine. aeye. key sthaaniya kshetra key bheetar. antarjan kshati yaa cumm-pravaah vikiran key liye jatil kshati asamanya haye, aur ghanee aayaneekaran vikiran key badhe hue rb key saath judee hui haye. dee. aiss. bee. kii marammat seedhe anta-judaav aur samroop punarsanyojan prakriyaon key madhyam seey hoti haye. sanket yeh hainh
yaa
jabaki koshika hatyaa mein uchch prabhavsheelta bhaari aayan cancer chikitsa (hadron chikitsa) key liye tark pradaan karati haye, jeevit koshikaon mein avashisht kshati carcinogenesis key liye chinta kaa vishay haye.
gunasutra kshati aur utparivartan.
bhaari aaveshit kann gunasutra adaan-pradaan key utpaadan mein bahut prabhaavi hotey hain, jisamen antahstar mein 30 seey adhik aar. bee. maan (jaisa kii samay seey pahale gunasutra sanghanan kaa upayog karke dekhaa jaataa haye) aur urjaavaan lauh (phee) ayanon key liye vikiran key baad key mitosis mein 10 hotey hain. vistrit rb banaam. kull adaan-pradaan key liye paaya gayaa sambandh utparivartan aur inn vitro neoplastic parivartan key pahale key adhyayanon key samaan haye. inn sabhi antim binduon key liye, rbe lagbhag 100 seey 200 kev/μm parr shikhar parr hotaa haye, isase pahale kii yeh bahut uchch-star parr cumm hoe jaae. haalaanki, gunasutra kshati kii gunavatta taba alag hoti haye jaba bhaari ayanon kii tulanaa viral aayaneekaran vikiran seey kii jaati haye. aiks-ray aur hays ayanon key beach jeane abhivyakti mein badey antar dekhe jaate hain, iss prakaar kshati pratikriya maargon mein antar koo darshaate hain. jeane utparivartan key prakaar mein gunaatmak antar bhee bataae gaye hain. maanav gunasutron kii naveen bahu-rangeen pratideepti chitrakala takneekon ney spasht roop seey pradarshit kiya haye kii uchch-lait α-kann aur phee-aayan kaee adhik jatil punarvyavasthaon koo prerit karate hain joe antatah koshika mrityu kaa kaaran banenge. vaastav mein, praarambhik kshati kaa kewal ack chhota saa ansh dair seey gunasutra kshati kaa pargaman haye jise maanav lymphocytes key vansh mein bhee maapa gayaa haye joe gaama kiranon kii tulanaa mein bhaari ayanon key sampark mein aaney vaali koshikaon key vansh mein bahut adhik aavritti key saath ujagar hue they.
genomic asthirta.
kaee model pranaliyon mein bhaari ayanon key saath vikiranit koshikaon key vansh mein inn vitro aur inn vivo donon mein genomic asthirta dekhi gaee haye. gunasutron kii upasthiti joe bhaari ayanon key sampark mein aaney vaali koshikaon key vansh mein telomer kii kamee haye, vishesh roop seey dilchasp haye. subtier aur anya. yeh paaya gayaa kii telomere kshetron seey judey punarvyavastha maanav fibroblast mein gunasutra asthirta seey judey hain joe twarit bhaari ayanon key sampark mein aaney key baad kaee peedhiyon taka hoti hain. telomere disfunction genomic asthirta koo shuru karane yaa banaae rakhane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye, joe cancer kii pragati mein ack pramukh kadam haye. telomere sthirata parr bhaari-aayan-prerit prabhaavon kaa adhyayan maanav lymphoblast mein dee. aine. aeye.-nirbhar protein kinnez (dee. aine. aeye.-pee. key.) key ghatakon key liye sirna (chhote hastakshep karane vaale ribonucleic acid) nockdown kaa upayog karke kiya gayaa haye. gaama kiranon aur hays naabhik key liye antar parinam paae gaye, jisamen dee. aine. aeye.-pee. key. key neeche utarane key baad dee. aiss. bee.-telomere fusion key utpaadan mein lohe key naabhik adhik prabhaavi they. telomere-kamee vaale gunasutron vaali koshikaaen yaa tou senace karengi yaa tootane-sanlayan-setu (bee/aff/bee) chakron seey gujarengi, jisase aanuvanshik asthirta koo badhaava milega. samanya koshikaon kaa bhaagya joe ack antim vilopan dhaaran karati hain, agyaat haye, lekin yeh dikhaaya gayaa haye kii cancer koshikaon mein ack ekal telomere key nuksan key parinamswarup kaee gunasutron mein asthirta hoe sakati haye. inn halia parinamon seey pataa chalata haye kii telomere asthirta, hays naabhik dwara cancer key preran key maarg mein ack mahatvapurna praarambhik ghatana hoe sakati haye.
cancer aur ootak prabhaav.
pashu adhyayanon ney nirnaayak roop seey yeh pradarshit naheen kiya haye kii nimn-lates vikiran kii tulanaa mein hays naabhik mein uchch carcinogenic prabhavsheelta haye. joz naabhik key saath pashu carcinogenesis key adhyayan sankhya mein behad seemit hain aur tumour-pravan jaanvaron kaa upayog parinamon mein purvagrah kaa parichay detaa haye. gaama kiranon kii tulanaa mein saapeksh javic prabhavsheelta karakon koo choohon yaa choohon mein twacha key tumour aur kathor yaa stun granthi key liye maapa gayaa thaa, joe cumm khuraak parr 25 seey 50 taka key uchch moolyon taka pahunchate hain. haalaanki, cancer key jokhim aur nuksan koo taba taka poori tarah seey naheen darshaaya jaayega jaba taka kii vikiran kii gunavatta aur vilambata key beach sambandh, jahaan uchch-lates vikiran key baad tumour pahale dikhaai dete hain, kaa paryaapt varnan naheen kiya jaataa haye. pahale kii vilambata aur badhati prabhavsheelta joe kii neutron key saath pahale key adhyayanon key samaan haye, gaama kiranon kii pratikriya kii kamee key saath joe kaee cumm khuraak vaale adhyayanon mein dekhi jaati haye, seey pataa chalata haye kii vartamaan jokhim mulyankan drishtikon mein upayog kii jaane vaali scaling avadhaaranaaen mahatvapurna gunaatmak prabhaavon kaa varnan karane mein asamarth hain, aur saapeksh javic prabhavsheelta kaarak, siddhant roop mein, anishchit yaa ack doshpurna avadharana hoe sakate hain.
haal key adhyayanon mein dee. aine. aeye. kshati aur utparivartan yaa baahya koshikiya matricks punarnirmaan aur anya gair-lakshit prabhaavon key saapeksh mahatva parr carcinogenesis key aarambhakartaon key roop mein bahas kii gaee haye. ootak prabhaav joe dee. aine. aeye. kshati seey swatantra hain aur joe cancer kii shuruat yaa pragati seey judey hue hain, unamen genomic asthirta, extracellular matricks remodeling, lagaatar soojan aur oxidative kshati shamil hain. anya adhyayan vikiran aur nishkriya tumour key sakriyan aur angiogenesis key modulan key beach sambhaavit sambandhon kii khoj curr rahey hain.
tathaakathit darshak yaa gair-lakshit prabhaavon key antariksh anveshan key liye bhaari parinam hoe sakate hain. gair-lakshit prabhaav cumm khuraak parr ack atee-raikhik khuraak-pratikriya vakr kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain, shayed antariksh yaan parirakshan kii prabhavsheelta koo cumm curr sakate hain; lekin yeh jeev seey kshatigrast koshikaon koo hataakar bhee suraksha pradaan curr sakata haye. donon prabhaav paaramparik raikhik koee seema jokhim model dhaarana koo chunauti dete hain, jise vartamaan mein prithvi aur antariksh mein radio suraksha key liye apanaaya jaataa haye. yeye prabhaav javic prati-upaayon key liye mahatvapurna lakshyon kaa bhee sujhaav dete hain joe dee. aine. aeye. kshati koo lakshit karane vaale prati-upaayon kii tulanaa mein adhik prabhaavi honey kii sambhavana haye.
ootakon mein parinam bataate hain kii uchch aur nimn-star key beach javic pratikriya mein antar model sandarbh key aadhar parr bhinn hotaa haye (i.ee.2dee banaam. 3dee banaam pashu). antariksh mein kaee prakaar key kanon, urjaaon aur ruchi kii khuraak key parinamswarup, ateet mein vyaapak pashu prayog koo lagaton dwara pratibandhit kiya gayaa haye. haal hii mein, halanki, 3dee maanav coculture mein adhyayan ack prabhaavi vidhi saabit hoe rahey hain jisake saath adhik yathaarthvaadi sandarbh mein cancer key jokhimon kaa adhyayan kiya jaa sakata haye.