
serb-croatian dhvanyatmakta

serb-croatian chaar rashtriya manakon key saath ack dakshin slavic bhasha haye. purvi herzegovina kii nava-stokavian bolly bosnian, croatian, montenegrin aur serbian (chaar rashtriya maanak) kaa aadhar haye.
paaramparik vishleshan key anusaar maanak serb-croatian mein 30 dhvanyaatmak shabd hotey hainh 25 vyanjan aur 5 swar (yaa 10, yadi lambe swaron kaa vishleshan alag dhvanyaatmak key roop mein kiya jaataa haye). isamen chaar prakaar key swar uchchaaran hotey hain, halanki yeh sabhi boliyon kii visheshataaen naheen hain.
vyanjan.
serb-croatian kii vyanjan pranali mein 25 dhvanyaatmak shabd hotey hain. ack visheshta vayukoshiya aur pitti donon prakaar key pratyaksheekaran kii upasthiti haye, lekin sambandhit pitti pratyaksheekaran kii kamee haye. russie jaisi adhikansh anya slavic bhaashaon key vipareet, adhikansh vyanjanon key liye koee palatalised banaam gair-palatalised ("kathor-naram") virodhabhas naheen haye.
 yeh shabdansh, chhota yaa lamba hoe sakata haye, aur isamen badhata yaa girata swar hoe sakata haye, jaise.jee. ('khoon'), ('dill'), ('hiran'), ('karuna'). yeh aam taur parr ack poorvavarti yaa (adhik durlabh roop seey) baad mein gair-dhvanyaatmak mukhar glide daalane seey mahsoos kiya jaataa haye.
 aam taur parr vegit yaa "andhera" hotaa haye. dichronical roop seey, ise poori tarah seey kodaa sthitiyon mein mukhar kiya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii ateet mein pratibhaagi *> ('kaam kiya') mein thaa. kuchh boliyon mein, vishesh roop seey torlakian aur kazkawian mein, yeh prakriya naheen hui thee, aur yeh shabdansh bhee hoe sakati haye. haalaanki, maanak bhasha mein, mukhar kewal udhaar liye gaye shabdon mein dikhaai detaa haye, jaisa kii udaaharan key liye check nadee key naam mein, yaa bahut cumm anya dhwanishabd shabdansh hotey hain, jaise kii upnaam aur ('neuton') mein.
retroflex vyanjanon koo, adhik vistrit dhvanyaatmak adhyayanon mein, epical key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. adhikansh bolly jaane vaali croatian muhaware key saath-saath kuchh bosnian mein, way isake bajaay postalviolar () hain, aur paletal africates key beach ack poorna yaa aanshik vilay hoe sakata haye.
vayugarbhashayi-palatal fricative seemant dhvanyaatmak hotey hain, jinhen aamtaur parr vyanjan samoohon key roop mein mahsoos kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, ubharate montenegrin maanak ney dhvanyaatmak anukramon key liye dou atirikt aksharon, lattin aur cyrillic kaa prastaav diyaa haye, jinhen dhvanyaatmak roop seey mahsoos kiya jaa sakata haye.
swar virodhabhason koo vyanjan samoohon mein beasar kiya jaataa haye, taaki antim vyanjan kii aavaaj key aadhar parr sabhi baadhaon koo yaa tou aavaaj dee jaati haye yaa aavaaj naheen dee jaati haye, halanki swar aatmasaat karane kii iss prakriya koo shabdansh seemaon dwara avaruddh kiya jaa sakata haye.
swar.
serb-croatian swar pranali samamit roop seey paanch swar gunon seey bunny haye. haalaanki lambe aur chhote swaron key beach kaa antar dhvanyaatmak haye, lekin ise maanak vartani mein naheen darshaaya gayaa haye, jaisa kii yeh shabdakoshon koo chhodkar check yaa slovak vartani mein haye. tanaavheen swar tanaavgrast swaron kii tulanaa mein 30 pratishat (chhote swaron key mamle mein) aur 50 pratishat (lambe swaron key mamle mein) chhote hotey hain.
proto-slavic "jaat" kaa lamba ijekavian prativart vivaadit sthiti kaa haye. croatian bhasha aur bhashavigyan sansthaan dwara prakaashit nirdeshaatmak vyaakaran ise ack dipthong key roop mein varnit kartaa haye, lekin iss maanak kii dhvanyaatmak visheshagyon dwara bhaari aalochana kii gaee haye kii bolly jaane vaali bhasha mein koee aadhar naheen haye, kathit dipthong koo "fantum phonem" kahaa jaa rhaa haye. iss prakaar lambe "jaat" kaa prativart, jise maanak croatian, bosnian aur ijekaviyai serbian mein ack tribhuj key roop mein likhaa jaataa haye, anukram kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye.
tanaavgrast swar dou mool swaron mein seey ack koo dhaaran karate hain, badhana aur girna.
swar uchchaaran.
naee stokavian boliyaan (joe maanak bhasha kaa aadhar banati hain) tanaavgrast aksharon parr dou swaron kii anumati detee hain aur vishisht swar lambai hoti haye aur isaliye chaar sanyojanon mein antar karati hain, jinhen swar uchchaaran kahaa jaataa haih laghu patan (′), laghu utthaan (è), deergh patan (′), aur deergh utthaan (é).
serbia aur croatia key adhikansh vaktaa chhote badhate aur chhote girane vaale swaron key beach antar naheen karate hain. way kuchh apvaadon key saath, jaise kii aanuvanshik bahuvachan anta key saath, adhikansh tanaavheen lambe swaron koo bhee chhota kahate hain. kaee dakshini serbian boliyon, vishesh roop seey neesh kii bolly mein swar kii lambai aur swar uchchaaran kii kamee haye, isake bajaay ack tanaav adharit pranali kaa upayog karate hue, saath hii saath tanaav sthaan mein maanak bhasha seey alag haye. inhen barbarta maanaa jaataa haye joe code switching kii alag-alag degree kii or leey jaataa haye.
uchchaaran kissy bhee shabdansh parr hoe sakata haye, lekin shayed hii kabhi antim shabdansh parr. yeh serbia key liye praasangik haye, jahaan shikshit vaktaa anyatha peshevar sandarbhon mein maanak serbian key karib bolate hain; yeh croatia mein cumm haye, jahaan shikshit vaktaa aksar ack sthaaniya croatian sanskaran kaa upayog karate hain jisamen kaafee alag tanaav pranali hoe sakati haye. udaaharan key liye, zagreb mein uchch shikshit vaktaaon key paas bhee koee swar naheen hoga, aur way kissy bhee shabdansh parr jore dey sakate hain.
uchchaaran key parivartan, shabd mein gunavatta aur sthaan donon mein, parivartankari pratimanon mein bahut baar hotey hain (tathaakathit "mobile pratimaan", joe swayam proto-indo-europeeya mein maujood they aur proto-balto-slavic mein bahut adhik vyaapak hoe gaye they). ack hii lexim key vibhinn parivartit roop sabhi chaar lahaje pradarshit curr sakate hainh ('pott' namankit sg.), (aanuvanshik ekvachan), (nammatra bahuvachan), (aanuvanshik bahuvachan).
pawle ivic aur ilse lehiste dwara kiye gaye shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii serb-croatian shabdon key sabhi tanaavgrast akshar mool roop seey uchch swar key saath boley jaate hain aur mool vaktaa kissy bhee shabd key swar uchchaaran kaa aaklan karane key liye pahale post-tonic akshar key dhvanyaatmak swar parr nirbhar karate hain. yadi tanaavgrast shabdansh key uchch swar koo pahale post-tonic shabdansh taka leey jaaya jaataa haye, tou uchchaaran koo badhate hue maanaa jaataa haye. yadi aisaa naheen haye, tou uchchaaran koo girate hue maanaa jaataa haye, yahee kaaran haye kii ack-akshar vaale shabdon koo hamesha girate hue maanaa jaataa haye. isaliye, vaastav mein sankeern dhvanyaatmak pratilekhan, aur hain yaa samkaksh hain. ivic aur lehiste iss parr dhyaan dene vaale pahale vidwan naheen they; vaastav mein, dashakon pahale ack bahut hii samaan khoj kii gaee thee, lekin unake videshi honey key kaaran aur yeh vukovian drishtikon kaa khandan karane key kaaran ise nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe taba pahale seey hii achchi tarah seey nihit thaa.
halanki swaron kii bhinnata kewal tanaavgrast aksharon mein hoti haye, tanaavheen swar ack lambai antar banaae rakhate hain. pretonic shabdansh hamesha chhote hotey hain, lekin postatonic shabdansh yaa tou chhote yaa lambe hoe sakate hain. inhen paaramparik roop seey dou atirikt lahaje key roop mein ginaa jaataa haye. maanak bhasha mein, chhah lahaje nimnanusar mahsoos kiye jaate hainh
udaaharan hain ('akash') mein chhota girna; lambe samay taka girna ('bear'); chhote aakar mein badhana ('aaee makeup'); lambe samay taka badhana ('chocolet'). tanaavheen lambe akshar kewal uchchaaran vaale akshar key baad hii hoe sakate hain, jaise ('ladki') yaa ('vitaran'). ack shabd mein ack seey adhik uttar-vriddhi lambai hoe sakati haye, vishesh roop seey sangyaon key aanuvanshik bahuvachan menh ('cubes') → ('cubes'). lahaje kii anubhooti kshetra key anusaar bhinn hoti haye.
uchchaaran key vitaran parr pratibandh, akshar kii sthiti key alawa, isaki gunavatta parr bhee nirbhar kartaa haye, kyonki pratyek akshar mein harr prakaar kaa uchchaaran prakat naheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
iss prakaar, eksilaabh mein aam taur parr girane vaalaa swar hotaa haye, aur bahupad mein aam taur parr pahale akshar parr girane yaa badhane vaalaa swar hotaa haye aur anya sabhi aksharon mein badhata haye lekin antim mein. isaliye swar kaa virodh badhana aam taur parr kewal polycylabic shabdon key pahale uchchaaran vaale akshar mein sambhav haye, aur lambai seey virodh, lamba-chhota, uchchaaran vaale akshar mein sambhav haye, saath hii saath uttar-sugandhit aksharon mein bhee (lekin poorv-sugandhit sthiti mein naheen).
doosari or, ghoshanaaen, clitic joe agale shabd seey chipak jaate hain, nimnalikhit eksangi yaa dysillabic shabd seey ack girate hue swar (lekin ack badhate hue swar naheen) koo "chori" curr sakate hain. chori kiya gayaa uchchaaran hamesha chhota hotaa haye aur yaa tou gir sakata haye yaa prachaar parr badh sakata haye. bosnia key boley jaane vaale muhaware mein yeh ghatana (uchchaaran mein badalaav) sabse adhik hoti haye, kyonki serbian mein yeh adhik seemit haye (aam taur parr nishedh prachaar key saath aur yeh croatian nava-stokavian muhaware seey lagbhag anupasthit haye. iss tarah kaa badalaav girane vaale kii tulanaa mein chhote badhate lahaje key liye cumm hotaa haye (jaisa kii iss udaaharan mein dekhaa gayaa haih
morphophonemic parivartan.
serbo-croatian kaee roopaatmak parivartan pradarshit kartaa haye. unamen seey kuchh proto-slavic seey viraasat mein millie hain aur anya slavic bhaashaon key saath saajha kii jaati hain, aur unamen seey kuchh vishesh roop seey serb-croatian hain, joe baad key navachar kaa pratinidhitva karati hain.
kshanik aeye.
tathaakathit "kshanik aeye" (), yaa "chala aeye", sangyaon key kuchh parivartit roopon mein spasht roop seey yaadrichhik roop seey dikhane aur nuksan karane kii ghatana koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. yeh vibhinn prakaar key samanya slavic "jers" */Â/aur */h/key prativart kaa parinam haye, joe shtokavian aur Çakavian boliyon mein ack shwa jaisi dhwani mein vilay hoe gaee thee, joe ack kamjor sthiti mein khou gaee thee aur ack majboot sthiti mein */a/key liye mukhar thee, joe spasht roop seey apratyaashit parivartan koo janm detee haye. adhikansh mamalon mein, iss tarah key/aeye/vyanjan samoohon mein samaapt honey vaale shabd roopon mein dikhaai dete hain, lekin swar anta key saath roopon mein naheen.
nimnalikhit mamalon mein "kshanik aeye" sabse aam haih
palatalisation.
serb-croatian mein ack vikalp key roop mein slavic pratham paltalisation kaa prativartan barkarar rakhaa gayaa thaa
antarvartan mein pahale, aur shabd nirmaan mein pahale aur kuchh anya khand. yeh parivartan kaee vishisht mamalon mein pramukhta seey dikhaaya gayaa haih
prasraav kii prakriya key kuchh apavaad hain. shartein iss prakaar hainh
dwigunit shabd tribhujakar uchit naamon seey pratyay key saath vyutpann visheshanon key saath maujood hainh
saha-sankaran.
dusare aur teesare slavic paltalisation kaa utpaadan serb-croatian vyaakaran parampara mein haye jise "cibilantisation" (sibilariza/sibilariza) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. isake parinamswarup pahale nimnalikhit parivartan hotey hainh
yeh parivartan kaee vishisht mamalon mein pramukhta seey dikhaaya gayaa haih
dou mamalon mein saha-sankaran kaa ack apavaad haih
nimnalikhit mamalon mein double kii anumati haih
ekikaran.
vyanjan aatmasaat dou prakaar key hotey hainh aavaaj () aur uchchaaran key sthaan () dwara.
aavaaz kaa ekikaran.
samooh mein sabhi vyanjanon koo aavaaj dwara beasar curr diyaa jaataa haye, lekin adhikansh anya slavic bhaashaon kii tarah serb-croatian antim-aspasht vikarshan pradarshit naheen kartaa haye. aatmasaat karna vyaavhaarik roop seey hamesha pratigaami hotaa haye, i.ee. samooh kii aavaaj antim vyanjan kii aavaaj seey nirdhaarit hoti haye. sonorant koo aatmasaat karane seey chhoot dee gaee haye, isaliye yeh kewal nimnalikhit vyanjanon koo prabhaavit kartaa haih
isake alawa, aur unake paas mukhar samkaksh naheen hain, isaliye way aatmasaat koo trigger karate hain, lekin isase prabhaavit naheen hotey hain.
jaisa kii uparokt udaharanon seey dekhaa jaa sakata haye, samamelan aam taur parr vartani mein parilakshit hotaa haye. haalaanki, kaee vartani apavaad hain, i.ee. bhale hii vaani yaa naad-bhang bhaashan mein hotaa haye, vartani ise record naheen karati haye, aamtaur parr vyutpatti koo spasht banaae rakhane key liye.
abhivyakti key sthaan dwara aatmasaat karna.
uchchaaran key sthaan dwara aatmasaat karane seey (post) vayuvahak key saamane aur saath hii paltal aur utpaadan yaah
saath hii, yadi aavashyak hoe tou aavaaj dwara aatmasaat kiya jaataa haye.
ell-vocalisation.
kodaa sthiti mein ack aitihaasik bunn gayaa haye aur abb iss tarah seey vartani kii gaee haye, aur ack atirikt shabdansh utpann kartaa haye. udaaharan key liye, belgrade kaa serb-croatian naam haye. haalaanki, croatian mein, prakriya aanshik roop seey ulat haye; croatian banaam croatian kii tulanaa karein. serbian ('mez', 'bail' aur 'namak').
namuna.
namuna paath croatian television network mein ack 57 varsheeya mahila udghoshak dwara bolchal kii shally mein padhe gaye uttari havaa aur soorya key pahale vaakya kaa ack pathan haye.
vartani sanskaran (ijekavian).
swayam seva kii shuruat seey pahale.