
ibrahim ibn yakub

ibrahim ibn yakub ("ibrahim ibn yakub all-tartushi" yaa "all-turtushi";, "abraham bayne yakov"; 961-62) 10veen shatabdi key ack hispano-arabic, sephardi yahudi yatri, shayed ack vyaapaari they, joe kootneeti aur jasusi mein bhee lagey hue they. unake yatra vrittaant, kitab all-istibsar mein vibhinn shaharon aur kshetron key vivaran key saath-saath apani yaatraon mein unake dwara dekhe gaye logon key reeti-rivaajon aur dainik jeevan key vivaran shamil hain.
jeevani.
unakaa parivaar moorish-shaasit turtusha (abb tortosa) seey aaya thaa joe abro key muhaane key karib thaah vaha cordoba mein bhee rahata thaa. likhit aur maukhik itihas aur unake lekhan seey pataa chalata haye kii unaki yahudi prishthabhoomi thee. haalaanki, anya itihaskaron dwara bhee yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii vaha yahudi prishthabhoomi kaa musalman thaa, aur bernard luis kahate hainh "iss baat parr kuchh anishchitata haye kii vaha yahudi honey kaa daavaa kartaa thaa yaa yahudi mool kaa musalman thaa."
unhone paschimi aur madhya europe aur itali mein cumm seey cumm rome taka kii yatra kii, jahan farwari key pahale saptah key dauran pavitra roman samrat otto I key saath darshakon key saath unakaa swaagat kiya gayaa.
all-pundlus (iberian praaydweep kaa muslim shaasit hissa) mein unaki vaapsee key baare mein naa tou kuchh pataa haye aur naa hii aage kii yatra key baare mein. sambhavatah pahali baar cordoban khalifa all-hakam dwiteeya (961-76) koo prastut unaki yatra key sansmaran aur tippaniyan khou gaee hain; baad key lekhakon dwara kewal ansh sanrakshit kiye gaye hain, mukhya roop seey aboo abdullah all-bucker kii "rajmargon aur raajyon kii pustak" aur zakaria all-qazwini kaa kaam, sambhavatah all-udri key lekhan key madhyam seey.
unake kaam koo vyaapak roop seey polland key pahale aitihaasik shaasak meezko aaee key tahat polish raajya kaa pahala vishvasaniya vivaran pradaan karane key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. way hdb mein rahane vaale wikings key varnan key liye bhee jaane jaate hain; mcclenberg mahal mein nakonid kille key baare mein; aur joe, sabhi sambhaavanaon mein, baad key ducal mahal aur schwerin mein mahal key kendra mein thaa. ibrahim ibn yakub kaa check itihas mein praag shahar aur isake yahudi samudaay kaa likhit roop mein ullekh karane vaale pahale vyakti key roop mein ack anootha sthaan haye. unhone bohemia key duke check bolslaus aaee aur craco kaa bhee ullekh kiya.