
bogota mein shahari jall prabandhan

80 laakh seey adhik nivaasiyon key mahanagariya kshetra bogota mein shahari jall prabandhan teen mukhya chunautiyon kaa saamana kartaa haih atyadhik pradooshit bogota nadee kii gunavatta mein sudhaar, baadh koo niyantrit karna aur nadee key kinare key nadee tateey kshetron koo punarjeevit karna. bogota mein jall sansaadhan prabandhan key prabhaari mukhya saarvajanik nikaay jilaa sarkaar, kshetriya paryaavaran agency corporatian autonoma kshetriya (kaar) kundanamarka vibhaag kii, aur jall aur swachchata upayogita empressa dee acuducto vaaee alcanterilado dee bogota (eaab) hain. ack adalat ney anivarya kiya kii yeye sansthaaen nadee kii gunavatta mein sudhaar key liye sahyog karein, ack aisaa nirnay joe 2007 mein hastaaksharit ack samjhaute mein parivartit huaa jisane pratyek ikai kii jimmedariyon koo paribhaashit kiya aur unhein ekikrit tareeke seey jall prabandhan chunautiyon kaa saamana karane key liye majboor kiya. samjhaute ney lavan apashisht jall upchaar sanyantra key vistaar, ack nae key nirmaan, nadee key tatvarti kshetron koo chauda karane aur unaki raksha karane, nadee key praakritik minder koo bahaal karane aur nadee koo usake baadh key maidanon seey jodane key liye jall-chaalit roop seey jameen taiyar kii. inn upaayon koo vishva baink aur antar-americi vikas baink dwara samarthit kiya jaataa haye.
bhugol aur jalavaayu.
bogota samudra tala seey oopar kii oonchaai parr andes kii purvi shrinkhalaon mein ack uchch pathaar parr sthit haye, jise bogota sawana kahaa jaataa haye. vistaarit kshetra koo ultiplano cundiboisance key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jiska arth haye "kundinmarka aur boyaka kaa uchch pathaar". bogota nadee sawana koo paar karati haye aur dakshin-paschim mein tequendama fauls ("salto dell tequendama") banaati haye. sahayak nadiyaan ghaatiyan banaati hain jahan gaanv sthit hotey hain aur jinaki arthavyavastha krishi, pashudhan aur karigar utpaadan parr adharit hoti haye. sawana kii seema poorv mein purvi pahaadiyon seey lagati haye joe uttar-dakshin mein chalati hain aur isamen guadalupe aur monserrate pahaadiyaan hain. paschimi shahar kii seema bogota nadee dwara banaai gaee haye. uttar kii or jaate hue, bogota kaa mahanagariya kshetra pathaar key oopar seey chiyaa aur sopo key shaharon taka faila huaa haye.
bogota mein uposhnakatibandhiya uchch bhoomi jalavaayu haye aur bogota sawana parr ausat tapman alag-alag haye. shushk aur varsha ritu poore varsh badalati rahati haye. sabse shushk maheene disambar-march hotey hain, jisamen prati maah varsha hoti haye; sabse varsha vaale maheene aprail hotey hain aur lagbhag masik kull key saath hoe sakate hain, aur sitambar-navambar (prati maah). juuna aur julaai aamtaur parr varsha avadhi hoti haye aur agast tej havaaon key saath dhoop hoti haye. barsaat key mausam mein olavrishti aam haye, aur bahut tej hoe sakati haye, vishesh roop seey octuber mein. poore varsh, dinn halke aur thhande hotey hain jabaki shaam koo chalane vaali shaant havaaon key kaaran raaton mein madhyam thhand hoe sakati haye.
itihas.
1970 key dashak kii shuruat seey 1990 key dashak taka lagbhag tees varshon kii avadhi key dauran bogota key jall prabandhan ney vittiya aur takniki sthirata mein sudhaar karate hue jall aapoorti swachchata sevaaon (wss) key coverage aur gunavatta mein sudhaar parr bahut adhik dhyaan kendrit kiya. natijatan, bogota (ee. aeye. aeye. bee.) kii jall aur mull-nikas company paani, mull-nikasi aur jall nikasi sevaaon key liye 99 pratishat seey adhik coverage pradaan karati haye, aur peshevar jimmedaari aur jawabdehi parr adharit ack corporate sanskriti key saath ack aksham diwalia company seey khud koo ack vaanijyik jall upayogita mein badal diyaa haye.
jabaki wss mein sudhaar jaari they, paaramparik jall prabandhan drishtikon gharelu aur audyogik apashisht jall upchaar aur gair-bindu srot pradooshan niyantran key liye jimmedaar naheen thaa jisake parinamswarup jall nikaayon kaa paryavaraniya ksharan huaa. inn pranaliyon koo alag key roop mein dekhaa gayaa aur prabandhan ranneeti upchaar suvidhaon, sthaaniya dhaaraon aur unake bheetar samagr jall gunavatta key liye jimmedaar naheen thee. darshan halanki vikasit hoe rhaa haye, aur jall sansaadhan prabandhan abhyaas ack ikai key roop mein jall aapoorti, apashisht jall upchaar sanyantra (doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee.), jall nikasi aur sinchai koo dekhate hue ack bahu-kshetriya drishtikon koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue ack ekikrit drishtikon bunn rhaa haye. 2008 mein british hydrological society symposium mein shodhkartaon kii ack team dwara prastut pradooshan niyantran kaary key anusaar, seaver pranali, doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee. aur nadee koo ack pranali key roop mein vichaar karane kii aavashyakta haye. bogota jall prabandhan pranali mein yeye vikas abb aur bhavishya donon mein ekikrit paddhatiyon koo shamil karane key kaee avsar pradaan karate hain.
aitihaasik kanuni prishthabhoomi.
1970 key dashak mein, apashisht jall ack badhati samasya bunn rahee thee. shahar key sabhi anupachaarit apashisht jall koo bogota nadee mein aur antatah munaa baandh key peechhe key jalaashay mein chhoda jaa rhaa thaa. munaa key samudaay ney laparwahi key liye eab, kaar, amjessa aur jilaa sarkaar key khilaf mukadama daayar kiya. kundanamarka vibhaag key nyayadhikaran ney antatah munaa key samudaay key liye nirnay liya aur aage pakshakaron koo munaa dwara saamane laaee gaee shikayaton koo door karane key liye ack sameeksha prakriya aur kaary yojana banaane kii aavashyakta thee. nyayadhikaran ney prativaadiyon dwara nirnay koo majboor karane kaa adhikaar surakshit rakhaa yadi unhone janadesh parr upayukt pragati naheen kii. prativaadiyon ney appeal kii aur prakriya phir seey sameeksha key tahat chully gaee. aage kii sameeksha parr, ack nyayadhish ney munaa key paksh mein phir seey faisala sunaaya aur kaar, eab aur jile koo saajha jimmedariyan saunp deen. prativaadi adalat key faisale dwara nirdhaarit sharton parr sahmat hue aur prachalit kanuni dastaavez koo "convenio 171" kahaa gayaa thaa aur 2007 mein sabhi pakshon dwara hastakshar kiye gaye they. kaar ney bogota apashisht jall karyakram key liye ack vishesh khaata banaakar aisaa kiya jise "fondos paira inversion ambientales aine bogota (fiyab)" (bogota mein paryavaraniya nivesh key liye dhana) kahaa jaataa haye. eaab agami canos wwtp key liye nae avrodhakon key nirmaan key liye sahmat huaa.
bahu-hitdhaarak sahaayata.
vishva baink kaar, eaab aur sarkari jile key saath kaam curr rhaa haye taaki swachchata yojana (plan dee sanemiento) koo parishkrit karane mein madad mill sakey aur besin mein jall paaristhitiki tantra mein sudhaar key liye ack deerghakaalik karyakram kaa aadhar sthaapit kiya jaa sakey. pariyojana kii laagat $48.7 karod haye aur iska uddeshya 68 kilometres lambi bogota nadee koo bogota mahanagariya kshetra key liye ack paryavaraniya sampatti mein badalana haye, jisamen paani kii gunavatta mein sudhaar, baadh key jokhim koo cumm karna, nadee key kinare key aavason koo bahaal karna aur nadee key saath bahu-karyatmak kshetra banaana haye joe ack paaristhitik awas pradaan karate hain, saath hii saath iss shahari nadee key saarvajanik upayog aur anand key avsar bhee hain.
isake alawa, vishva baink ack ekikrit shahari jall prabandhan ranneeti key saath sahaayata pradaan curr rhaa haye. iska lakshya bogota nadee mein sudhaar aur ack shahari paryavaraniya sampatti banaane key liye ack sthaayi drishtikon kii or badhane key liye bogota koo saksham banaana haye. uddeshyon mein shahari nadee punarpraapti key liye ack model pariyojana shamil haye jisamen jall gunavatta mein sudhaar, baadh niyantran, ardrabhoomi aur bahu-karyatmak udyaan shamil hain.
antar-americi vikas baink (aaee. dee. bee.) apane bogota nadee safai prayason mein kaar kaa samarthan karane key liye 50 million americi dollar key rinn kii yojana banaa rhaa haye. idb ney kaar key paryaavaran niyantran karyakram mein 15 laakh americi dollar kaa anudan bhee diyaa. atirikt 643,000 americi dollar kaar dwara hii lagaae gaye they. besin key sanrakshan key liye pariyojanaon koo kaee charanon mein kiya jaanaa haye, jinamen seey pahala safai pariyojana koo puuraa karane key liye ack sansthaagat, prabandhakiya, vittiya aur parichaalan dhaanche koo lagu kartaa haye. rinn key saath, bogota nadee besin mein sthit sabhi 41 nagar paalikaon key liye jalmaargon key nirmaan aur peene yogya paani kii aapoorti, jall nikasi pranali aur apashisht jall upchaar badhaane parr kaar kii yojana haye. yeh dhana una nagar paalikaon key liye apashisht jall upchaar sanyantron key design, nirmaan aur sanchaalan key liye bhee vittaposhit hoe sakata haye jinake paas way hain.
jall aapoorti aur upayog.
satah kaa paani.
bogota metro kshetra mein jall aapoorti mein jalvibhaajak kii ack pranali shamil haye joe bogota nadee besin mein paani ekatra karati haye, sangraheet karati haye aur vitarit karati haye. jalvibhaajak kshetron mein 887 aim. aine. 3 kii kull bhandaran kshamata key saath tibitock, 325 aim. aine. 3 kii kull bhandaran kshamata key saath chingaza aur 10.4 aim. aine. 3 kii kull bhandaran kshamata key saath tunezuelo shamil hain. chingaza, joe kii peene key paani key liye bogota kaa praathamik srot haye, purvi kolambiyai maidanon key nivaasiyon seey sambandhit ack anya jalvibhaajak seey apana paani praapt kartaa haye. purvi jalgrahan kshetra seey paani koo chinjaga mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye aur phir anta mein bogota jall pranali seey gujarane key baad apashisht jall key roop mein riyo bogota taka pahunch jaataa haye. inn anya jall besinon key bheetar, lagbhag nau bhandaran jalaashay hain joe bogot kii mukhya jall pranali koo surang, jalmarg yaa sahayak nadee key madhyam seey paani kii aapoorti karate hain. praathamik bhandaran jalashayon mein chuja, sisga, tomine aur nyusa shamil hain.
bogota nadee 280 meater kii oonchaai parr magdalena nadee mein bahane seey pahale ack oonchaai seey shuru hoti haye aur bahati haye. besin teen bhaagon mein vibhajit haih i) bogota key uttar mein oopari besin; ii) bogota mahanagariya kshetra mein madhya besin; aur iii) bogota key nichale besin. jabaki bogota nadee madhya besin aur bogota metro kshetra seey hocker gujarati haye, teen upa-besin, lavan, fucha aur tunezuelo nichali besin mein pravesh karane seey pahale apani sahayak nadiyon koo bogota nadee mein chhod dete hain. shahar mein pravesh karane seey pahale ausat pravaah 10 ghana meater/sekand haye, aur bogota key aspas key upa-besin atirikt 22 ghana meater/sekand apashisht jall kaa nirvahan karate hain.
bhujal.
jabaki bogota key liye adhikansh jall aapoorti nadiyon dwara kii jaati haye, vahaan bhujal maujood haye joe bogota jall portfolio kaa ack badaa hissa bunn sakata haye. vartamaan mein, bhujal kaa upayog mukhya roop seey foolon kii sinchai key liye kiya jaataa haye. lagbhag (bee. see. aim.) guadalupe jalbhrit mein nihit haye joe shahar key sabhi jalashayon mein sangraheet paani kii matra kaa lagbhag 30 gunaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. ateet mein, kuchh kshetron mein kuon koo khoda gayaa haye aur jalbhrit kaa star neeche aaa gayaa haye, jisase awas vikas, sadaken aur kuchh kuein khud hii dhwast hoe gaye hain.
paani kaa upayog karein.
bogota kii aabaadi prati vyakti khapat karati haye jise aam taur parr peene, snan karane, swachchata aur khaana pakaane key liye paryaapt raashi maanaa jaataa haye. ee. aeye. aeye. bee. kaa anuman haye kii prati vyakti upayog lagbhag haye. lattin america mein, 2005 mein prati vyakti ausat jall upayog kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa. kull khapat lagbhag thee, jisamen seey 85 pratishat (yaa) boto nadee key nichale hisse mein vaapas aaa gaee thee. besin mein anya nagar paalikaon kaa upayog poore besin key liye kull milakar kiya jaataa thaa. yeh raashi varsh 2000 taka badhkar 23-25 m3/s hoe gaee aur 2010 taka pahunchane kii ummeed thee. vartamaan mein mahanagar kshetra mein lagbhag 700,000 loga aur anya aas-paas kii nagar paalikaon mein 75,000 loga hain joe paani kii sevaaon key binaa hain.
buniyaadi dhancha.
jall nikasi.
bogota jall nikasi pranali mein teen mukhya upa-jalgrahan hotey hainh lavan, fucha aur tunzuello nadiyaan. pratyek poorv seey paschim kii or bahata haye. jall nikasi pranali ack sanyukt aur alag pranali kaa sanyojan haye. pahali jall nikasi pranali vikas (1965 seey pahale) kaa nirmaan lavan upa-jalgrahan key madhya bhaag aur fucha upa-jalgrahan key purvi bhaag mein kiya gayaa thaa aur unamen ack sanyukt pranali hoti haye jisaki anumaanit lambai hoti haye jabaki naee (1965 seey) alag pranaliyon seey bunny hoti haye.
apashisht jall aur upchaar.
bogota key liye mool apashisht jall master plan kii kalpana 1980 key dashak key anta mein kii gaee thee, aur shahar key nichale hisse mein ack apashisht jall upchaar sanyantra key nirmaan key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein, nagarpalika sarkaar ney pathyakram badal diyaa aur 3 madhyam aakar key apashisht jall upchaar sanyantron koo aage badhaane kaa faisala kiya, bogot mein teen upa-jalgrahan (pichhale khand mein pesh kiya gayaa) mein seey pratyek key liye ack. 1994 mein, shahar ney 4 aim3/aiss praathamik doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee. key liye ack francisi sangh key saath ack nirmaan-sanchaalan-hastaantaran (bott) riyayat anubandh mein pravesh kiya, jise salitre kahaa jaataa haye, joe bogota key uttari bhaag mein sthit haye. sanyantra ney 2000 mein sanchaalan shuru kiya, aur disambar 2003 mein jile ney anubandh koo radd curr diyaa, sangh seey sanyantra kharida, aur apane sanchaalan koo ee. aeye. aeye. bee. koo saunp diyaa. maujooda lavan doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee. paryaapt upchaar pradaan naheen kartaa haye, isaliye ack maadhyamik doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee. key liye vistaar aur unnayan chala rhaa haye aur yeh bogota shahar mein uttari aabaadi kii seva karega.
bogota key upnagaron mein sthit tibitock jall utpaadan sanyantra, bogota key lagbhag 30 pratishat nivaasiyon koo aapoorti kartaa haye. nirantar jall aapoorti sunishchit karane key liye, jall sanyantra aur jall mukhyon kaa punarvaas pariyojana shuru kii gaee. yeh ack 20 saal kii pariyojana haye joe 1998 mein shuru hui thee. bhautik poorv upchaar, jamaavat, floculation, rait nispandan, tatastheekaran aur kitanushodhan sahit poori jall upchaar prakriya key punarvaas key liye teen varshon mein violia jall samadhan aur praudyogikiyon dwara 22 million dollar kaa nivesh kiya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, tibitock jall utpaadan sanyantra kii mukhya jall lines key punarvaas key liye hamaare $35 million kaa nivesh kiya gayaa thaa. sanchaalan dishaanirdeshon aur suvidha kii nigrani mein anya sudhaar kiye gaye.
sinchai.
apekshaakrit uchch star kii varsha key kaaran, bogota kshetra mein kheton dwara sinchai key liye cumm paani kii aavashyakta hoti haye. lagbhag kull milakar sinchai key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. kaee bogota greenhouse mein foolon koo paani denaa sabse mahatvapurna krishi aur aarthik gatividhiyon mein seey ack haye joe columbia koo duniya mein foolon key sabse badey niryatakon mein seey ack banaata haye. iss uchch moolya key niryaat vyavasaay ney paani key liye ack sthaayi upayog kaa nirmaan kiya haye.
laa ramada sinchai jilaa oopari bogota nadee parr ack sinchai aur ardrabhoomi prabandhan karyakram kaa ack ghatak haye. karyakram key bheetar, laa ramda sinchai jile kaa vistaar kiya jaayega. laa ramada paschim mein tenzo jalvibhaajak, uttar mein chiku nadee aur purvi aur dakshini seemaon parr bogota nadee seey ghiraa huaa haye. lagbhag 800 kisan hain joe apane sinchai jile kii seemaon key bheetar, prabandhan yojanaon key bheetar aur jall sansaadhan prabandhan maandandon key ack sett key saath bhoomi kii sinchai sunishchit karate hain.
panbijali.
ack jatil panbijali pranali kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa haye, joe praakritik jall prapaton yaa channeling kaa laabh uthaakar aur jall vidyut oorjaa kaa utpaadan karane key liye khadee dhalanon parr pipe seey paani nikaalati haye. abb akele bogota kshetra mein lagbhag 670 megawatt utpaadan hotaa haye. chingaza pariyojana dwara atirikt 600 megawatt key utpaadan kii ummeed haye. bogota bijli company (amjessa) ney nadee key pravaah aur oonchaai mein girawat kaa laabh uthaane key liye bogota key neeche kii or ack panbijali suvidha (1124 megawatt sthaapit kshamata) kaa nirmaan kiya haye. amjessa bijli parisar key liye dhaaran jalaashay 853 hectare munaa jalaashay haye, joe atyadhik dooshit bhee haye.
aarthik aur samajik.
bogota kolambiya kaa sabse badaa shahar aur aarthik kendra haye. 86 arab dollar key sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) key saath, colombia key kull rashtriya jee. dee. pee. kaa lagbhag 25 pratishat bogota mein haye. prati vyakti ausat aaya 10,000 americi dollar haye joe ise dakshin america mein paanchvaan sabse adhik aaya vaalaa desh banaati haye. aaya key iss star parr, bogota lattin america key sabse mahatvapurna mahanagariya kshetron mein seey ack haye. samanya taur parr, companiyan apane mukhyalaya koo bogota mein sthit karati hain kyonki isake aakar, sansaadhan aur rashtriya stock exchange bogota mein haye. bogota lattin america mein andice samudaay key ayaat aur niryaat vyavsaayon key liye bhee ack pramukh kendra haye. mahatvapurna udyogon mein vittiya sevaaen aur banking shamil hain. bahurashtriya vaanijyik bainkon key mukhyalaya key saath-saath banco dee laa republica, columbia kaa kendriya baink, bogota mein sthit hain. bogota mudran aur prakaashan kaa ack kendra haye, rashtriya dursanchar network, desh kii sabse badee audyogik suvidhaaen hain. bogota mein kendriya sarkari sansthaan aur sainya mukhyalaya bhee hain, joe shahar kii arthavyavastha key ack anya pramukh ghatak kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. aur anta mein, ack badaa aur falataa-phoolata phool niryaat vyaapaar bogota mein sthit haye.
bogota mein rojgar key rujhaanon seey sanket milata haye kii berojgari kii darr mein girawat aaee haye jabaki nagrikon kii badhati sankhya kaam kii talash mein haye. iss virodhabhas koo kaafee hudd taka chala rahey shaharikaran seey bogota mein samajhaaya jaa sakata haye, isaliye garibi ack mahatvapurna samasya bunny hui haye. kuchh kshetron mein rojgar paida hue hain aur mahilaaon koo rojgar key adhik avsar mill rahey hain, lekin adhik pragati kii aavashyakta haye. kull milakar, 1970 key baad seey garibi mein kamee aaee haye; haalaanki, 2006 mein kanada key vancouver mein vishva shahari munch parr gair-nivasi dwara ekatra aur prastut kiye gaye aankadon seey pataa chalata haye kii 50 pratishat aabaadi abhee bhee garibi mein rahati haye aur unamen seey kaee jhuggiyon mein rahate hain. 2003 kii ack alag gair-nivaas report mein bogot mein teen prakaar kii jhuggiyon kaa varnan kiya gayaa haih aantarik shahar, paridhi parr sthit jhuggiyan aur bastiyaan. inn sthitiyon mein rahane vaalon kii kull sankhya lagbhag 700,000 haye. gair-nivaas dwara atirikt detta seey pataa chalata haye kii dhana bahut asman roop seey vitarit haye aur garibi key kshetra bogota mein maujood hain joe poore desh key sabse garib kshetron kii tulanaa mein garib hain.
apashisht jall pradooshan aur pratikriya.
lavan doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee. duss varshon seey kaam curr rhaa haye, halanki, bogota shahar mein paani kii gunavatta mein koee sudhaar naheen dekhaa gayaa haye kyonki shahar kaa 80 pratishat apashisht jall nadee mein anupachaarit roop seey bahata rahata haye. disambar 2004 mein, yojana vibhaag (prasthaan rashtriya samtal, dnp) ney bogota nadee key liye ack ranneetik yojana dastavej jaari kiya jisamen lavan doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee. key unnayan aur vistaar kaa ahwan kiya gayaa taaki anupachaarit apashisht jall key shesh 80 pratishat key ack hisse koo sambodhit kiya jaa sakey. yojana mein bogota key neeche kii or sthit upchaar kshamata key saath ack badey praathamik sanyantra key nirmaan kaa bhee ahwan kiya gayaa haye. canoa naamak yeh badaa doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee. fucha, tunzuelo aur socha besinon key apashisht jall kaa upchaar karega.
apashisht jall upchaar kshamata key liye inn niyojit vistaar kaa uddeshya bogota kaa saamana karane vaali sabse badee paryavaraniya samasyaon mein seey ack koo sambodhit karna haye aur yeh kii anupachaarit apashisht jall bogota nadee mein pravesh curr rhaa haye kyonki yeh beach key besin seey bahata haye. iss khand mein, bogota shahar teen mukhya shahari sahayak nadiyonh lavan, fucha aur tunezuelo nadiyon key madhyam seey apane sabhi apashisht jall koo nadee mein chhodata haye. yeh mukhya roop seey toofaan naaliyon key avaidh connection, badhati shahari aabaadi seey thhos apashisht aur uparokt shahari sahayak nadiyon key saath udyogon key madhyam seey hotaa haye. shushk mausam key dauran, apashisht jall kaa pravaah lagbhag 17 ghana meater/sekand hotaa haye jabaki lavan mein praathamik apashisht jall upchaar sanyantra kii kshamata kewal hoti haye. isake parinamswarup, bogota nadee duniya kii sabse pradooshit nadiyon mein seey ack haye aur isamen lagbhag 60 kimmy kaa avaayaviya khand shamil haye. shoonya ghulansheel oxygen aur uchch star key boads key saath, kull nilambit thhos (tss) aur mull coliform. shahar key nichale besin mein, adhik anupachaarit apashisht jall koo bogota nadee mein takendama jharane key kuchh kilometres oopar kii or bahaaya jaataa haye, isase pahale kii ise panbijali utpaadan key liye munaa jalaashay mein sthanantarit kiya jaae. natijatan, tequendama fauls mein shayed hii kabhi koee mahatvapurna pravaah hotaa haye. ee. aeye. aeye. bee. 8 aim. 3/aiss. kii kshamata key saath ack nae doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee. mein apashisht jall parivahan key liye lavan aur fucha nadiyon parr nae avrodhakon key nirmaan koo shamil karane key liye ack pariyojana kaa vittaposhan curr rhaa haye.
2000 kii shuruat mein, rashtriya sarkaar ney apashisht jall pradooshan koo niyantrit karane key liye dou pramukh neetigat upkaran vikasit kiye. pahala, nagarpalika apashisht jall prabandhan (pee. aim. aeye. aar.) key liye rashtriya yojana, joe badey shahari kshetron mein apashisht jall prabandhan karyakramon key teji seey vikas key liye ack ruprekha pradaan karati haye. yeh rashtriya yojana sansthaagat sudridhikaran aur maujooda yojana upkaranon key anuprayog parr dhyaan kendrit karke sthaaniya, kshetriya aur rashtriya staron parr samanvit apashisht jall prabandhan koo badhaava detee haye. isake alawa, yeh paryaapt paani aur mull-nikasi seva key saath nagarpalikaon mein apashisht jall upchaar pranaliyon key nirmaan koo badhaava detaa haye aur prathamikta vaale uchch prabhaav vaale jalvibhaajak key saath, jisamen riyo bogota, riyo chikamocha, riyo medellin aur riyo kauka shamil hain. doosara, apashisht jall nirvahan yojana (plan dee sanemiento vaaee menezo dee vertemientos, pee. aiss. aim. vee.) kii swachchata aur prabandhan, joe anivarya kartaa haye kii seva pradaata ack karyanvayan anusuchi aur nivesh yojana kaa paalan karate hue karyakramon, pariyojanaon aur gatividhiyon koo ingit karate hain jiska uddeshya paani praapt karane mein pradooshan bhaar koo cumm karna aur nagarpalika seaver pranaliyon mein apashisht jall sangrah mein sudhaar karna haye. pee. aiss. aim. vee. kii kaary yojanaaen anya yojana upkaranon key saath sanrekhit hain, udaaharan key liye paryaavaran pradhikaran dwara paribhaashit jall gunavatta uddeshyon key saath-saath nagar paalikaon dwara nirdhaarit master plan aur nivesh yojanaaen. yeye donon rashtriya neetiyaan columbia key badey shaharon mein apashisht jall karyakramon kii halia vriddhi kaa samarthan karane mein sahayak rahee hain.
shaharikaran.
kaee desh aur pramukh metro kendra shaharikaran mein nirantar vriddhi kaa anubhav curr rahey hain aur bogota koee apavaad naheen haye. jansankhya 1973 mein 40 laakh seey badhkar 2006 mein 68 laakh hoe gaee haye. 2020 taka jansankhya 84 laakh taka pahunchane kii ummeed haye. yeh bhavishyavani shaharikaran buniyaadi dhaanche, sansthanon aur jall sansaadhan prabandhan tantra parr dabaav daaltaa rahega. isake alawa, shaharikaran mein vriddhi kaa tatparya haye kii adhik jall nikasi, doubleu. doubleu. tii. pee., parivahan aur baadh niyantran buniyaadi dhaanche kaa nirmaan aavashyak hoga. nae nivaasiyon dwara banaae gaye sabhi awas aur badhati aabaadi kaa samarthan karane key liye baad mein jall buniyaadi dhaanche kaa prabhaav abhedya satahon koo cumm karane kaa haye, iss prakaar ack aur chunauti koo jodate hue, joe kii bogota kaa saamana curr rahee haye, baadh aur toofani jall niyantran.
ardrabhoomi kii bahaali.
1950 mein, bogota nadee seey judee ardrabhoomi kaa anuman thaa aur 2009 taka, shesh seey cumm thee. adhikansh ardrabhoomi kharaab paani kii gunavatta key kaaran kharaab hoe gaee haye. ardrabhoomi key ksharan key jawab mein, bogota mein ack majboot paryavaraniya andolan ubhara haye joe ardrabhoomi kshetron key sanrakshan aur vistaar koo sakriya roop seey badhaava detaa haye. 2006 mein, bogota jilaa sarkaar ney ack vyaapak ardrabhoomi prabandhan neeti paarit kii, jisamen jilaa sarkaar, eaab aur kaar nae niyamon aur paryaavaran prabandhan karyakramon kaa upayog karke nadiyon aur ardrabhoomi kii raksha key liye milkar kaam karati haye. riyo bogota (pomka) key liye besin yojana ney varsh 2020 taka nadee besin key liye jall gunavatta manakon koo sthaapit kiya, aur nadee khandon key madhyam seey paani kaa upayog nirdhaarit kiya aur nirdisht upayogon koo puuraa karane key liye lagbhag 25 pradushakon key pariveshi jall gunavatta mandand nirdhaarit kiye.
baadh aur nadee kii bahaali.
1950 seey pahale, bogota nadee vyaapak nadee tata kshetron, vyaapak baadh key maidanon aur laa konejera, juan amarillo aur jabok ardrabhoomi jaise sampann paaristhitiki tantra key saath besin key beach seey hocker gujarati thee. teji seey shaharikaran key parinamswarup nadee kaa jalmarg bunn gayaa haye, ardrabhoomi aur nadee key kinare kii bastiyon kaa vinash hoe gayaa haye jisase nadee mein baadh aaney kii sambhavana badh gaee haye. isake jawab mein, kaar ney nadee key tatvarti kshetron koo chauda karane aur unaki raksha karane, nadee key praakritik minder koo bahaal karane aur nadee koo usake baadh key maidanon seey hydrolic roop seey jodane key liye ack baadh kaary karyakram koo shamil kiya haye. vishva baink rinn key ack vishesh ghatak mein (neeche bahu-hitdhaarak sahaayata dekhein) kaar, eaab aur jilaa sarkaar koo; baadh niyantran aur paryaavaran kaary pariyojana ack vyaapak nadee punarpraapti karyakram kaa vittaposhan karati haye joe shahari nadee punarsthapana mein sarvottam abhyaas koo shamil karati haye. iss ghatak mein baadh niyantran mein sudhaar karna, nadee key baadh key maidan key hisse koo bahaal karna, ardrabhoomi aur bahu-karyatmak udyaanon kaa nirmaan aur unhein badhaana aur jaba sambhav hoe tou maujooda apashisht jall upchaar key saath apashisht jall buniyaadi dhaanche kaa poorak banaana shamil haye.
jall company ee. aeye. aeye. bee. nadee key kinare ardrabhoomi key paaristhitikiya punarpraapti key ack sahabhaagi karyakram mein sakriya roop seey shamil haye. karyakram key uddeshyon mein shamil hainh ardrabhoomi kii punarpraapti, sanrakshan aur sanrakshan; paaristhitiki tantra sevaaon koo bahaal karna joe yeye ardrabhoomi jaiv vividhata koo pradaan karati hain; inn paridrishyon kaa anand lena; aur paryaavaran shiksha mein sudhaar. inn lakshyon koo naee kaary-pranaliyon key vikas aur paryaavaran key jilaa sachiv, paryaavaran sangathanon aur anya sarkari khilaadiyon key sahyog seey kaam karane seey praapt samarthan key madhyam seey puuraa kiya jaanaa haye. karyakram key uddeshya paryaavaran niyamon key vartamaan dhaanche, jilaa rajdhani dwara nirdhaarit ardrabhoomi neeti aur ardrabhoomi parr ramsar sammelan mein paribhaashit sharton key anuroop hain. ardrabhoomi dwara pradaan kii jaane vaali vishisht paaristhitiki tantra sevaaon mein baadh niyantran, jaiv-bhurasayanik chakron kaa sthirikaran, carbon prithakkaran aur jaleey aavason aur vanyajeevon kaa vividhikaran shamil hain.
sansthaagat dhancha.
bogota rajdhani jile kii nagarpalika sarkaar madhyasthata aur jimmedariyon key pratinidhimandal mein shamil rahee haye. convenio 171 ack nyayadhish key faisale kaa parinami dastavej thaa joe kaar aur eaab donon key liye sharton koo nirdhaarit kartaa thaa. yeye donon sansthaan bogota nadee koo thheek karane aur baadh niyantran mein sudhaar key samagr lakshya key saath jimmedaari kii sharton parr sahmat hue.

