
ibn umail

muhammad ibn umail all-tamimi (), jinhen lattin mein varishth jadith key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack praarambhik muslim rasagya they joe ack dashak seey ack dashak taka jeevit rahey. 
unake jeevan key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye. ack vatican pustakalaya soochi mein "nisba" all-andalusi key saath ack pandulipi koo soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye, joe islami spen seey sambandh kaa sujhaav detaa haye, lekin unake lekhan seey pataa chalata haye kii vaha jyaadaatar misra mein rahate they aur kaam karate they. unhone uttar africa aur iraq kaa bhee daura kiya. aisaa lagata haye kii unhone ack antarmukhi jeevan shally kaa netritva kiya haye, jisaki unhone apane lekhan mein dusaron koo sifarish kii thee. unake lekhan mein diye gaye bayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii way misra key mandiron key saath rasaayanik ovan kii tulanaa karate hue kuchh samay taka akmeem mein rahey honge, joe rasavidya kaa poorv kendra thaa. unhone misra mein rahane vaale rasaayanvidon koo bhee uddhrit kiyaah panpolis key josemos aur dhul-nun all-misari.
baad key europeeya saahitya mein, ibn umail koo kaee naamon seey jaanaa jaane lagaah unaki upaadhi sheikh lattin mein anuvaad dwara 'varishth' bunn gaee, sammaanjanak 'all-saadik' koo dhvanyaatmak roop seey 'jadith' key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa aur 'ibn umail' galat anuvaad 'philius hamuel', 'bayne hamuel' yaa 'hamuelis' bunn gayaa.
aitihaasik moolya.
chaandi kaa paani" vishesh roop seey stapleton, luis aur sherwood teller key liye moolyavaan thaa, jinhone dikhaaya kii umail key kuchh "hermes key shabd" mool yunani seey aae they. udaaharan key liye, pahale key rasaayanik lekhakon key kaee uddharanon ney bhee mool roop seey "turba philosophorum" koo arabi mool key roop mein saabit karane kii anumati dee, aur placener ney "turba philosophorum" koo see. aeye. taka kii tarikh dee. 900 vigyaapan.
ibn umail key karyon mein "panna goli" (ack chhota aur sankshipt paath joe hermes trismagists koo jimmedaar thaharaaya jaataa haye) parr ack praarambhik tippani key saath-saath kaee anya hermatic tukade bhee hain.
prateekaatmak rasagya.
ibn umail ack rahasyavaadi aur prateekaatmak rasagya they. unhone khud koo "islam key rishiyon key beach apane poorvavartiyon" kaa anusaran karate hue dekhaa, joe apane vishay koo shaabdik roop seey lene vaale rasaayanvidon koo aswikar karate they. halanki aise prayogkartaon ney dhaatu vigyaan aur rasayan vigyaan kii khoj kii, ibn umail ney mahsoos kiya kii rasaayan kaa prateekaatmak arth vaha bahumulya lakshya haye jise dukhad roop seey andekha curr diyaa jaataa haye. unhone likhaah 
andon kaa upayog kewal ack saadrishya key roop mein kiya jaataa haye... daarshnikon... andey, baal, pitt, doodh, veerya, panje, namak, sulfur, loha, tamba, chaandi, paaraa, sonaa aur sabhi vibhinn jaanvaron aur paudhon jaisi cheejon parr kaee kitaaben likhi hain... lekin phir loga inn cheejon key spasht arth key anusaar inn pustakon kii nakal aur prasaar karate they, aur apani sampatti barbad karate they aur apani aatmaon koo "shuddh motee" koo barbad curr dete they. 1.
isake alawa, unhone "prateekon key spashteekaran kii ack pustak" likhi, jisamen iss baat parr jore diyaa gayaa kii rishiyon ney "prateekon mein ack bhasha" bolly aur way "prateekon key alawa ise [patthar key rahasya] prakat naheen karenge. iss pustak mein, vaha patthar, paani aadi key naamon kii ack badee soochi dete hain. iss prakaar ack aantarik rahasya yaa dhaarmik anubhav kaa ullekh karate hue, jise-ack roopak key vipareet-poori tarah seey samajhaaya naheen jaa sakata haye.
yunani rasvidyaak prati apan sampoorn bhakti key kaaran, ibn umail ack musalmaanak roopme likhaitah, aksar apan dharmak ullekh karaitah, apan vichaar "hummer sabh dharmanishth musalman bhaai sabhak lell" aur kuranak chhand uddhrit karaitah.
dubhashiya.
ibn umail ney khud koo rahasyamay prateekon key dubhashiya key roop mein prastut kiya. unhone apana granth "chaandi kaa paani" ack misra key mandir "sidder vaa-aaboo seer", yousaf kii jail mein sthaapit kiya, jahan joseph ney firaun key sapanon kii vyakhya karna seekha. (koranah 12 yusuf aur utpattih 4) 
"... una logon mein seey koee bhee joe apane gyaan key liye prasiddh hain, daarshnikon ney joe kahaa, usaki ack shabd bhee vyakhya naheen curr sakaa. way apani pustakon mein kewal unheen shabdon kaa upayog karna jaari rakhate hain joe humm rishiyon mein paate hain... aggar main ack rishi huun jisake saamane rahasya prakat kiye gaye hain, aur aggar maine prateekaatmak arth seekh liye hain, tou yeh aavashyak haye kii main rishiyon key rahasyon kii vyakhya karoon."
ibn umail "prateekon key spashteekaran kii pustak (hall ar-rumüz)" koo unake "chaandi key paani aur taaron vaali prithvi" kaa saransh maanaa jaa sakata haye, joe "ibn umail key pahale key karyon kaa ekikrit sanshleshan" detaa haye.
aadhunik manovaigyaanik vyaakhyaaen.
manovaigyaanik see. jee. jung ney ibn umail kii kahani mein sapanon kii vyakhya karke ack aatma koo aatm-sakshatkar dene kii kshamata koo pahachaana, aur 1940 key dashak key baad seey rasaayan parr apane kaam parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. rasvidyaak prati jangak drishtikonak nirantartame, manovaigyaanik theodor abtuck kathan achhi kii ibn umailak "chandik jall aaa tarayukt prithveek pustak" aasavanak prakriyaak varnan karait achhi, jakar arth "vibhinn prateekon parr nirantar vichaar" que prakriyaak lell chhavik roopme hoit chhaik, ehi prakaar chetna ('prakaash', 'sonaa' dwara prateek) padaarth, prakriti aaa shareer ('tarankit prithvi') que vaastaviktaa sun baahar niklait chhaik. yeh darshaata haye kii "rasaayanik prakriya vaastav mein poori tarah seey ack manovaigyaanik kaary haye joe thhos padaarth aur shaaririk vaastaviktaa seey nipatane parr adharit haye."