
punarsanyojit bahulak pravardhan

punarsanyojit bahulak pravardhan (aar. pee. aeye.) ack ekal nully haye, joe bahulak shrinkhala pratikriya (pee. see. aar.) kaa samtaapiya vikalp haye. ack aar. pee. aeye. pratikriya mein ack riverse transcriptase enzyme jodkar yeh see. dee. aine. aeye. kaa utpaadan karane key liye ack alag charan kii aavashyakta key binaa aar. aine. aeye. key saath-saath dee. aine. aeye. kaa pataa lagaa sakata haye. kyonki yeh samtaap haye, aar. pee. aeye. pee. see. aar. kii tulanaa mein bahut saral upkaran kaa upayog curr sakata haye, jisake liye ack thermal cycler kii aavashyakta hoti haye. 37-42 °C key tapman parr sabse achchha kaam karna aur abhee bhee kaam karna, halanki adhik dheere-dheere, kamare key tapman parr iska matlab haye kii siddhant roop mein aar. pee. aeye. pratikriyaon koo kewal ack tube koo pakadkar jaldi seey chalaaya jaa sakata haye. yeh aar. pee. aeye. koo cumm laagat, teji seey, dekhbhal key liye aanvik pareekshan vikasit karane key liye ack utkrisht ummidwar banaata haye. daraar ghaati bukhaar virus key aanvik pehchaan kaa ack antarrashtriya gunavatta mulyankan key saath-saath sabse achche aar. tii.-pee. see. aar. pareekshan kiye gaye, kuchh pee. see. aar. parikshanon aur ack aar. tii.-lamp pareekshan dwara cumm kendrit namoonon kaa pataa lagaane mein chook gaee.
aar. pee. aeye. koo twistdx ell. tii. dee. dwara vikasit aur launch kiya gayaa thaa. (pahale vaigyaanik limitted key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa), cambridge, yuu. key. mein sthit ack jaiv praudyogiki company.
takneek.
aar. pee. aeye. prakriya mein teen mukhya enzymon koo niyojit kiya jaataa haye-ack punarsanyoji, ack ekal-fanse hue dee. aine. aeye.-binding protein (aiss. aiss. bee.) aur strand-visthaapan bahulak.
recombinases duplexes dna mein samroop anukram key saath oligonucleotide primer koo jodane mein saksham hain.
aiss. aiss. bee. dee. aine. aeye. key visthaapit taaron seey judataa haye aur primer koo visthaapit honey seey rokta haye.
anta mein, strand visthaapan polymerase dna sanshleshan shuru kartaa haye jahan primer lakshya dna seey bandha hotaa haye.
pee. see. aar. kii tarah dou virodhi primer kaa upayog karke, yadi lakshya anukram vaastav mein maujood haye, tou ack ghaatiya dee. aine. aeye. pravardhan pratikriya shuru kii jaati haye. pravardhan shuru karane key liye thermal yaa rasayanik pighalane jaise kissy anya namoone key herfer kii aavashyakta naheen haye. ishtatam tapman (37-42 °C) parr, pratikriya teji seey aage badhati haye aur isake parinamswarup kuchh lakshya pratiyon seey vishisht DNA pravardhan hotaa haye, aamtaur parr 10 minut key bheetar, viral genomic DNA yaa RNA, rogjanak jeevaanu genomic DNA, saath hii saath chhoti lambai key aftamer dna kaa teji seey pataa lagaane key liye.
teen core aar. pee. aeye. enzymon koo atirikt karyakshamta pradaan karane key liye aage key enzymon dwara poorak kiya jaa sakata haye. exonucles III key atirikt vaastavik samay, pratideepti kaa pataa lagaane key liye vaastavik samay pee. see. aar. key samaan ack exo jaanch kaa upayog karane kii anumati detaa haye. endonucles IV key judane kaa matlab haye kii ack aine. aff. oh. jaanch kaa upayog paarshv pravaah patti kaa safal pravardhan kaa pataa lagaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. yadi ack riverse transcriptase joe 37-42 °C parr kaam kartaa haye, jodaa jaataa haye tou rna koo riverse transcribe kiya jaa sakata haye aur utpaadit cdna koo ack charan mein badhaaya jaa sakata haye. vartamaan mein aar. pee. aeye. kaa kewal twistamp exo sanskaran riverse transcriptase key saath upalabdh haye, halanki upayogkarta usee prabhaav kaa utpaadan karane key liye riverse transcriptase key saath anya twistamp pratikriyaon koo poorak curr sakate hain.
pee. see. aar. key saath, aar. pee. aeye. pratikriyaon key sabhi roopon koo aage primer/probe jode key jodd dwara bahugunit kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase ack hii tube mein kaee vishleshanon yaa aantarik niyantran kaa pataa lagaaya jaa sakata haye.
anya pravardhan takneekon key saath sambandh.
aar. pee. aeye. kaee samtaap naabhikiya aml pravardhan takneekon mein seey ack haye jise aanvik naidaanik takneek key roop mein vikasit kiya jaanaa haye, jiska uddeshya aksar pee. see. aar. key saapeksh aavashyak prayogshala upkaran koo saral banaana haye. anya samtaap pravardhan takneekon kii ack aanshik soochi mein deepak, nasba, helicase-nirbhar pravardhan (hda), aur nicking enzyme pravardhan pratikriya (nikat) shamil hain. takneeken primer design aur pratikriya tantra key vishishtataon mein bhinn hoti hain, aur kuchh mamalon mein (jaise aar. pee. aeye.) dou yaa dou seey adhik enzymon key cocktail kaa upayog karate hain. aar. pee. aeye. kii tarah, inmein seey kaee takneeken saralikrit upkaran kii kshamata key saath teji seey pravardhan samay pradaan karati hain, aur ashuddh namoonon mein padarthon key prati pratirodh kii soochana detee hain joe pee. see. aar. koo rokane key liye jaane jaate hain. pravardhan samay key sambandh mein, teji seey tapman ramp key saath aadhunik thermocycler pee. see. aar. pravardhan samay koo 30 minut seey cumm taka cumm curr sakate hain, vishesh roop seey paaramparik teen-tapman protocol key bajaay dohare-tapman cycling kaa upayog karane vaale chhote emplican key liye. isake alawa, namuna taiyari kii maangon (jisamen lysis aur dee. aine. aeye. yaa aar. aine. aeye. kaa nishkarshan, yadi aavashyak hoe) koo takneek key liye antarnihit samagr samay aur jatilata kaa hissa maanaa jaanaa chaahiye. yeye aavashyaktaaen takneek key saath-saath vishisht lakshya aur namuna prakaar key anusaar bhinn hoti hain.
pee. see. aar. kii tulanaa mein, aar. pee. aeye. key liye primer aur probe design key liye dishanirdesh cumm sthaapit hain, aur ack nishchit star kaa pareekshan aur truti leey sakate hain, halanki haal key parinam ingit karate hain kii maanak pee. see. aar. primer bhee kaam curr sakate hain. ack (vaikalpik) aantarik fluorogenic jaanch key saath ack aage aur peechhe primer dwara bandhe ack asatat emplican kaa samanya siddhant pee. see. aar. key samaan haye. pee. see. aar. primer kaa upayog seedhe aar. pee. aeye. mein kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin unaki chhoti lambai kaa matlab haye kii punarsanyojan darr cumm haye aur aar. pee. aeye. vishesh roop seey samvedansheel yaa tej naheen hoga. aamtaur parr 30-38 bases primer kii aavashyakta kushal punarsanyojit filament gathan aur rPA pradarshan key liye hoti haye. yeh kuchh anya takneekon key vipareet haye jaise kii deepak joe atirikt design baadhaon key adheen badee sankhya mein primer kaa upayog kartaa haye. halanki aar. pee. aeye. kii mool 2006 kii report pratikriya ghatakon key ack karyatmak samooh kaa varnan karati haye, twistamp kitt kaa vartamaan (swaamitva) sutrikaran "kaafee alag" haye aur kewal twistdx aapurtikarta seey upalabdh haye. yeh pee. see. aar. key liye pratikriya mishranon kii tulanaa mein haye joe kaee aapurtikartaon seey upalabdh hain, yaa deepak yaa nasba jisake liye pratikriya mishran kii sanrachana swatantra roop seey prakaashit kii jaati haye, jisase shodhkartaon koo sastee samagri seey apane swayam key anukoolit "kitt" banaane kii anumati milati haye.
prakaashit vaigyaanik saahitya mein aam taur parr ack dusare key saapeksh isothermal pravardhan takneekon jaise aar. pee. aeye., aich. dee. aeye. aur lamp key pradarshan kii vistrit tulanaa kaa abhaav hotaa haye, balki aksar ack ekal isothermal takneek kii tulanaa "swarn maanak" pee. see. aar. parakh seey kii jaati haye. isase nirmaataon, aavishkarakon yaa prastavakon key daavon seey swatantra roop seey inn takneekon key gunon kaa aaklan karna mushkil hoe jaataa haye. isake alawa, kissy bhee pravardhan takneek kii pradarshan visheshtaon koo primer design seey alag karna mushkil haih aar. pee. aeye. key liye ack lakshya key liye ack "achchha" primer sett ack hii lakshya key liye sett kiye gaye "kharaab" lamp primer kii tulanaa mein teji seey pravardhan yaa adhik samvedansheel pataa lagaa sakata haye, lekin ack alag lakshya key liye alag-alag primer sett key liye yeh sahee hoe sakata haye. ack apavaad ack halia adhyayan haye jisamen schlellenberg virus aur bowine viral dast virus kaa pataa lagaane key liye aar. tii.-kyu. pee. see. aar., aar. tii.-lamp aur aar. pee. aeye. kii tulanaa kii gaee haye, joe prabhaavi roop seey yeh bataata haye kii pratyek pravardhan takneek kii taakat aur kamjoriyan hain, joe lakshya key anusaar bhinn hoe sakati hain, aur yeh kii upalabdh pravardhan takneekon key gunon kaa mulyankan pratyek anuprayog kii aavashyaktaon key sanyojan mein kiya jaanaa chaahiye. pee. see. aar. aur kissy bhee anya pravardhan takneek key saath, spasht roop seey ack prakaashan purvagrah haye, jisamen kharaab pradarshan karane vaale primer sett koo shayed hii kabhi reporting key yogya maanaa jaataa haye.