
jwaar-bhavishyavani karane vaali machine

jwaar-bhavishyavani karane vaali machine 19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein ack vishesh uddeshya vaalaa yaantrik analogue computer thaa, jiska nirmaan aur sthaapana samudra key jwaar-bhaata key utaar-chadhaav aur pravaah aur unaki oonchaai mein aniyamit bhinnataon kii bhavishyavani karane key liye kii gaee thee-joe lay key mishran mein badalate hain, joe (kull milakar) kabhi bhee khud koo thheek seey naheen dohrate hain. iska uddeshya jwaar-bhavishyavani kii shramsadhya aur truti-pravan gananaon koo cumm karna thaa. aisee masheenen aamtaur parr ack ghante seey ghante aur ack saal yaa usase adhik samay key liye dinn-pratidin maanya bhavishyavaniyaan pradaan karati hain.
pahali jwaar-bhavishyavani machine, jise 1872-73 mein design aur banaaya gayaa thaa, aur usake baad 1876 aur 1879 mein samaan siddhanton parr dou badee machines kii kalpana surr villium thomson dwara kii gaee thee. thomson ney 1860 key dashak mein jwaariya pattern key harmonic vishleshan kii vidhi pesh kii thee aur pahali machine koo thomson dwara edward roberts (yuu. key. aich. aim. samudri panchang karyalaya mein sahayak) aur alekjendar lege key sahyog seey design kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone iska nirmaan kiya thaa.
sanyukt raajya america mein, ack alag pattern parr ack aur jwaar-bhavishyavani machine villium ferrell dwara design kii gaee thee aur 1881-2 mein banaai gaee thee. 20 veen shatabdi key pahale aadhe hisse key madhyam seey yuke, us aur germany mein vikas aur sudhaar jaari rahey. samanya samudri nauvahan key liye aadhikarik jwaariya bhavishyavaniyon key nirmaan key liye machines kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaane lagaa. unhein pratham vishva yuddh key dauran sainya ranneetik mahatva key roop mein maanaa jaane lagaa, aur phir seey dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, jaba yuu. aiss. number 2 jwaar kii bhavishyavani karane vaali machine, jise neeche varnit kiya gayaa thaa, koo vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, saath hii usa detta key saath joe isane utpaadit kiya thaa, aur iska upayog dee-day normandy landing aur prashant yuddh mein sabhi dweep landing key liye jwaar kii bhavishyavani karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. iss tarah kii machines mein sainya ruchi kuchh samay baad bhee jaari rahee. unhein digital electronic computers dwara aprachalit curr diyaa gayaa thaa jinhen samaan gananaon koo karane key liye prograam kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin jwaar-bhavishyavani karane vaali machines kaa upayog 1960 aur 1970 key dashak taka jaari rhaa.
jwaar-bhavishyavani karane vaali machines key kaee udaaharan sangrahalaya-tukadon key roop mein pradarshit kiye jaate hain, kabhi-kabhi pradarshan uddeshyon key liye, unake rachnakaron kii ganitiya aur yaantrik saralata key liye smarakon koo sanchaalit kiya jaataa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
jwaar-bhaata kaa aadhunik vaigyaanik adhyayan 1687 key isaq neuton key "siddhant" seey shuru hotaa haye, jisamen unhone prithvi key jwaariya jall parr chandrama aur soorya key prabhaavon kaa pahala anuman lagaane key liye gurutvaakarshan key siddhant koo lagu kiya. agale 90 varshon key liye neuton aur unake uttaradhikariyon dwara vikasit anuman koo jwaar-bhaata key 'santulan siddhant' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
1770 key dashak kii shuruat mein, pier-saiman lapless ney chandrama aur soorya key kaaran jwaar-janit balon kii pratikriya mein honey vaale jwaariya jall kii gati key gair-santulan gatishil pahaluon koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue santulan sanniktan parr ack maulik pragati kii.
siddhant mein lapless key sudhaar paryaapt they, lekin unhone abhee bhee anumaanit sthiti mein bhavishyavani chhod dee. yeh sthiti 1860 key dashak mein badal gaee jaba jwaariya ghatnaaon kii sthaaniya paristhitiyon koo villium thomson key jwaariya gatiyon key liye fourier vishleshan key anuprayog dwara adhik poori tarah seey dhyaan mein laaya gayaa. iss kshetra mein thomson key kaam koo charles darwin key dusare bete george darwin dwara aage vikasit aur vistaarit kiya gayaa thaah george darwin kaa kaam unake samay mein chandra siddhant vartamaan parr adharit thaa. jwaariya harmonic ghatakon key liye unake prateekon kaa abhee bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye. jwaar-utpann karane vaali taakton key darwin key harmonic vikas koo baad mein ack dwara laaya gayaa thaa. tii. doodson ney ee key nae aur adhik sateek chandra siddhant key prakaash mein aaj taka aur vistaarit kiya. doubleu. bhura joe beesavin shatabdi key adhikansh samay taka vartamaan banaa rhaa.
1870 key dashak taka jwaar-bhavishyavani kaa vigyaan jiss sthiti mein aaya thaa, usey sankshep mein prastut kiya jaa sakata haih chandrama aur soorya key khagoliya siddhanton ney jwaar-utpann karane vaale bull key vibhinn ghatakon kii aavrittiyon aur taakton kii pehchaan kii thee. lekin kissy bhee sthaan parr prabhaavi bhavishyavani key liye sthaaniya jwaariya tippaniyon key paryaapt namoone koo maapane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, taaki una vibhinn aavrittiyon parr, ayam aur charan mein sthaaniya jwaariya pratikriya dikhaai jaa sakey. una tippaniyon kaa taba vishleshan kiya jaanaa thaa, taaki gunank aur charan konn praapt kiye jaa sakein. phir, bhavishyavani key uddeshyon key liye, una sthaaniya jwaariya sthirankon koo phir seey sanyojit kiya jaanaa thaa, pratyek koo jwaar-utpann karane vaale balon key ack alag ghatak key saath, aur bhavishya kii taarikhon aur samay key pratyek anukram parr, aur phir vibhinn tatvon koo antatah unake samagr prabhaavon koo praapt karane key liye ack saath ekatra kiya gayaa. usa yug mein jaba ganana haath aur mastishk dwara, pencil aur kagaj aur table key saath kii jaati thee, tou ise ack atyadhik shramsadhya aur truti-pravan upakram key roop mein pahachaana jaataa thaa.
thomson ney maanaa kii joe aavashyak thaa vaha ack suvidhajanak aur adhimaantah swachaalit tarika thaa jisase baar-baar jwaariya shabdon key yog kaa mulyankan kiya jaa sakey jaise kih
10, 20 yaa usase bhee adhik trikonamitiya shabd hotey hain, taaki ganana koo tithi/samay sootra _ 2 key vibhinn chune gaye moolyon kii ack bahut badee sankhya key liye aasaani seey poorna roop seey dohraya jaa sakey. yeh jwaar-bhavishyavani machines dwara hull kii gaee samasya kaa mool thaa.
siddhant.
thomson ney apane uddeshya kii kalpana ack aise tantra key nirmaan key roop mein kii joe iss trikonamitiya yog kaa bhautik roop seey mulyankan karega.jee. ack kalam kii urdhvaadhar sthiti key roop mein joe taba kagaj key ack gatishil baind parr ack vakr koo plot curr sakati haye.
unake liye ghoornan gati koo signsoidal gati mein parivartit karane key liye kaee tantra upalabdh they. unamen seey ack yojnabaddh (daaen) mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. ack ghoornan drive-wheel ack off-center pegg key saath fitt kiya jaataa haye. kshaitij roop seey slot kiye gaye khand key saath ack shaft urdhvaadhar roop seey oopar aur neeche jaane key liye swatantra haye. chakr kaa off-center pegg slot mein sthit haye. natijatan, jaba khoonti chakr key saath ghoomati haye, tou yeh shaft koo seema key bheetar oopar aur neeche leey jaa sakati haye. iss vyavastha seey pataa chalata haye kii jaba drive-wheel samaan roop seey ghoomata haye, tou ghadee kii disha mein kahein, tou shaft signsoid roop seey oopar aur neeche kii or badhata haye. slot key kendra kii urdhvaadhar sthiti, kissy bhee samay sootra _ 2 parr, taba key roop mein vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye
sootra _ 4, jahan sootra _ 5 chakr key kendra seey khoonti taka kii radial doori haye, sootra _ 6 vaha darr haye jiss parr chakr mudataa haye (samay kii prati ikai radian mein), aur sootra _ 7 khoonti kaa praarambhik charan konn haye, jise 12 baje kii sthiti seey koniya sthiti taka radians mein maapa jaataa haye jahaan khoonti samay shoonya parr thee.
yeh vyavastha kewal ack trikonamitiya shabd kaa bhautik anuroop banaati haye. thomson koo aise kaee shabdon kaa bhautik yog banaane kii aavashyakta thee.
pahale tou vaha gear kaa upayog karane key liye ichchuk thaa. phir unhone 1872 mein british association kii baithak seey pahale engineer beauchamp tower key saath samasya parr charcha kii, aur tower ney ack upkaran key upayog kaa sujhaav diyaa (jaisa kii unhein yaad thaa) jiska upayog kabhi wheatstone dwara kiya jaataa thaa. yeh ack shrinkhala thee joe chala shaft parr puliyon key anukram key tahat baari-baari seey chalati thee. chain koo ack chhor parr lagaaya gayaa thaa, aur dusare (mukt) chhor koo tanga rakhane key liye bhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. jaise-jaise pratyek shaft oopar yaa neeche jaataa haye, yeh shrinkhala kii ack sambandhit lambai koo oopar yaa chhod detaa haye. shrinkhala key mukt (chala) chhor kii sthiti mein andolan vibhinn shaft kii gatividhiyon key yog kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. chala chhor koo tanga rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur ack kalam aur kagaj kii ack chalati patti key saath fitt kiya gayaa thaa jiss parr kalam ack jwaariya vakr koo plot karati thee. kuchh designs mein, rekha key chala chhor koo ack dial aur paimaane key bajaay jodaa gayaa thaa jisase jwaariya oonchaai koo padhaa jaa sakata thaa.
jwaar-bhavishyavani machine key ganana bhaag key liye thomson key designs mein seey ack koo chitra (daaen) mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, joe 1879-81 kii teesari machine key samaan haye. ack lambi door, jiska ack chhor sthir haye, urdhvaadhar roop seey oopar kii or aur pahali oopari puli key oopar seey gujarati haye, phir urdhvaadhar roop seey neeche aur agale key neeche, aur isi tarah aage. inn puliyon koo crank dwara oopar aur neeche leey jaaya gayaa thaa, aur pratyek puli ney usa disha key anusaar taar koo ander leey liya yaa baahar chhod diyaa jisamen yeh chalaa gayaa thaa. inn sabhi crank koo pahiyon kii trains dwara drive shaft parr lagaae gaye pahiyon mein leey jaaya gayaa thaa. kissy bhee pahiye parr sabse adhik 802 daant 423 key saath sanlagn they. anya sabhi pahiyon mein tulanaatmak roop seey cumm sankhya mein daant they. ack badey jadata key flywheel ney operator koo machine koo teji seey ghumaane mein saksham banaaya, puliyon koo jhatake diye binaa, aur lagbhag panchish minut mein ack saal key vakr koo chalaane key liye. chitra mein dikhaai gaee machine koo kull pandrah ghatakon key liye vyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa.
thomson ney sweekaar kiya kii gati ghatakon koo jodate hue lachili rekha kii ack over-aind-under vyavastha kaa upayog unhein agast 1872 mein engineer beauchamp tower dwara sujhaaya gayaa thaa.
itihas.
kelvin machine.
pahala jwaar bhavishyavani machine (tii. pee. aim.), jise 1872 mein design kiya gayaa thaa aur jisamen seey ack model 1873 mein british association kii baithak mein pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa (8 jwaariya ghatakon kii ganana key liye), isake baad 1875-6 mein thode badey paimaane parr ack machine dwara (10 jwaariya ghatakon kii ganana key liye), surr villium thomson (joe baad mein lord kelvin baney) dwara design kiya gayaa thaa. 10-ghatak machine aur isase praapt parinam 1878 mein peris pradarshani mein dikhaae gaye they. 
thomson harmonic jwaariya vishleshan kii vidhi koo utpann karane aur ack harmonic vishleshak machine taiyar karane key liye bhee jimmedaar thaa, jisane gaze reeding seey sthiraank key mulyankan koo aanshik roop seey machinikrit kiya.
roberts machine.
20 jwaariya ghatakon kii ganana key liye machine kaa ack vistaarit aur behtar sanskaran, 1879 mein bhaarat sarkaar key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, aur phir 1881 mein 24 harmonic ghatakon kii ganana karane key liye ise sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. british jwaar bhavishyavakta sankhya 2, bhaaratiya bandargaahon key liye detta utpann karane key liye praarambhik upayog key baad, bhaarat seey parey british samrajya key liye jwaar kii bhavishyavani key liye upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1903 mein rashtriya bhautik prayogshala mein sthanantarit kiya gayaa thaa. british jwaar bhavishyavakta sankhya 3 koo 1900 mein francisi sarkaar koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa aur francisi jwaar taalikaon koo utpann karane key liye upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
inn machines mein, samay key khilaf jwaariya oonchaai key nirantar graphical paine-plot key roop mein bhavishyavani kii gaee thee. plot koo ghante aur dopahar key nishan key saath chihnit kiya gayaa thaa, aur machine dwara kagaj key ack chalati patti parr banaaya gayaa thaa kyonki tantra koo modd diyaa gayaa thaa. ack varsh kii jwaariya bhavishyavaniyon koo ack diye gaye sthaan key liye, aamtaur parr ack chune hue bandargah, 1876 aur 1879 kii machines dwara lagbhag chaar ghanton mein plot kiya jaa sakata thaa (lekin usa samay key dauran drive koo phir seey shuru karna thaa).
ferrell machine, yuu. aiss. tide bhavishyavani machine nam. 1.
1881-2 mein, ack aur jwaar kii bhavishyavani karane vaali machine, joe kaafee alag tarah seey kaam curr rahee thee, villium ferrell dwara design kii gaee thee aur washington mein ferrell kii disha mein ee dwara banaai gaee thee. jee. fisher (jinhone baad mein neeche varnit uttaradhikari machine koo design kiya, joe 1912 seey 1960 key dashak taka americi tata aur bhoo-sthaanik sarvekshan mein kaam curr rahee thee). ferrell kii machine ney lagaatar uchch aur nimn jall key samay aur oonchaai koo bataate hue bhavishyavaniyaan deen, joe dial aur taraju parr soochak-reeding dwara dikhaai gaee hain. inhen ack operator dwara padhaa gayaa thaa, jisane prapatron parr reeding kii nakal kii, jise us tide-table key printer koo bheja jaanaa thaa.
inn machines koo sthaaniya jwaariya sthirankon key saath usa sthaan parr sthaapit kiya jaanaa thaa jisake liye bhavishyavaniyaan kii jaani theen. aisee sankhyaaen vibhinn aavrittiyon parr vaishvik jwaar-utpann karane kii kshamata key vyaktigat ghatakon key liye sthaaniya jwaariya pratikriya koo vyakt karati hain. vibhinn aavrittiyon parr jwaariya yogdan key samay aur oonchaai mein dikhaai gaee yeh sthaaniya pratikriya, taton aur samudra tala kii sthaaniya aur kshetriya visheshtaon kaa parinam haye. jwaar-bhaata sthiraank kaa mulyankan aamtaur parr jwaar-maapak tippaniyon key sthaaniya itihas seey kiya jaataa haye, joe jwaar-bhaata key vaishvik siddhant aur antarnihit chandra siddhant dwara dikhaae gaye pramukh jwaar-utpann karane vaali aavrittiyon key aadhar parr harmonic vishleshan dwara kiya jaataa haye.
inn praarambhik machines key anubhav key aadhar parr vikas aur sudhaar 20veen shatabdi key pahale aadhe hisse mein jaari rhaa.
machine sankhya kii bhavishyavani karate hue. 2.
machine sankhya kii bhavishyavani karate hue. 2 ("purana peetal kaa dimag") 1890 key dashak mein design kiya gayaa thaa, 1912 mein puuraa kiya gayaa aur seva mein laaya gayaa, jiska upayog dusare vishva yuddh key dauran kaee dashakon taka kiya gayaa, aur 1960 key dashak mein sevaanivritt huaa.
20veen sadee.
jwaar-bhavishyavani karane vaali masheenen pratham vishva yuddh key dauran germany mein banaai gaee theen, aur phir seey 1935-8 kii avadhi mein.
antim nirmaan kiye jaane vaale teen theh 
chhoti portable machines koo chhodkar, kull 33 jwaar-bhavishyavani karane vaali machines kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa haye, jinamen seey 2 nasht hoe gaee hain aur 4 vartamaan mein khou gaee hain.
pradarshan aur pradarshan.
inhen landan, washington, liverpool aur anya jagahon parr dekhaa jaa sakata haye, jisamen munich mein diaches sangrahalaya bhee shamil haye.
online.
ack jwaar-bhavishyavani machine key 7-ghatak sanskaran key sanchaalan key siddhant koo dikhaane key liye ack online pradarshan upalabdh haye anyatha thomson (kelvin) key mool design kii tarah. animation machine key sanchaalan kaa hissa dikhaata haih kaee puliyon kii gatiyon koo dekhaa jaa sakata haye, pratyek jwaariya aavrittiyon mein seey ack kaa anukaran karane key liye oopar aur neeche jaa rhaa haye; aur animation yeh bhee darshaata haye kii kaise inn signsoidal gatiyon koo chakr aavartan dwara utpann kiya gayaa thaa aur kaise unhein parinami jwaariya vakr banaane key liye jodaa gayaa thaa. animation mein naheen dikhaaya gayaa haye kii machine mein vyaktigat gatiyaan sahee saapeksh aavrittiyon parr utpann kii gaeen, sahee anupaat mein gearing karke, yaa pratyek gati key liye ayam aur praarambhik charan konon koo ack samayojya tareeke seey kaise sett kiya gayaa thaa. inn aayamon aur praarambhik charan konon ney sthaaniya jwaariya sthirankon kaa pratinidhitva kiya, alag seey reset kiya, aur pratyek sthaan key liye alag-alag jisake liye bhavishyavaniyan kii jaani theen. vaastavik thomson machines mein, anya bhaagon kii gati aur ghisaav koo bachaane key liye, sabse badee apekshit gati (prati chandra dinn dou baar aim2 jwaar ghatak key liye) key saath shaft aur puli koo kalam key sabse karib lagaaya gayaa thaa, aur sabse chhote ghatak kaa pratinidhitva karane vaali shaft aur puli dusare chhor parr thee, joe lachili door yaa chain koo thheek karane key bindu key sabse karib thee, taaki lachili cord key adhikansh hisse mein anaavashyak gati koo cumm kiya jaa sakey.