
roraima

roraima (,) brazil key 26 raajyon mein seey ack haye. desh key uttari kshetra mein sthit, yeh brazil mein sabse uttari aur bhaugolik roop seey aur taarkik roop seey alag-thalag raajya haye. isaki seemaaen dakshin-poorv mein paaraa raajya, dakshin aur paschim mein amazona, uttar aur uttar-paschim mein venezuela aur poorv mein gayana seey lagati hain.
raajya kaa kshetrafal bellaroos seey thodaa badaa haye, joe kshetrafal key hisab seey brazil kaa chaudahavaan sabse badaa raajya haye. boa vista shahar raajya kii rajdhani aur sabse badaa shahar haye, aur poori tarah seey uttari golardh mein sthit desh kii ekmatra rajdhani haye. roodhivaadi pragatisheel party key sadasya antonio denarium 2019 seey raajya key rajyapal rahey hain. 
2020 taka 631,181 nivaasiyon kii anumaanit aabaadi key saath, roraima brazil kaa sabse cumm aabaadi vaalaa raajya haye. yeh brazil mein sabse cumm jansankhya ghanatva vaalaa raajya bhee haye, jisamen prati varg kilometres 2.01 nivasi hain. isaki arthavyavastha, joe mukhya roop seey tritiyak kshetra parr adharit haye, ack uchch vikas darr darj karati haye, halanki iska sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) desh mein sabse cumm haye, jisamen aar. $16.024 billion haye, joe brazil kii arthavyavastha kaa kewal 0.20% pratinidhitva kartaa haye.
roraima kaa itihas branco nadee seey dridhata seey judaa huaa haye, jisane pahale purtagaali basane vaalon koo iss kshetra mein aaney kii anumati dee. branco nadee ghaati kii ranneetik sthiti ney ise angreji aur dutch dwara pratishthit banaa diyaa, joe swadeshi logon kii talash mein guyana dhaal key madhyam seey brazil mein pravesh kiya. spaniard bhee venezuela key madhyam seey branco nadee key uttari bhaag aur urarikora nadee parr aakraman karane key liye aae. purtagaali basane vaalon ney sabhi aakramankariyon koo haraaya aur nishkaasit curr diyaa, jisase roraima key kshetra aur amazona key hisse parr purtagaal kii samprabhuta sthaapit hui.
2010 key dashak seey venezuela mein sankat key parinamswarup, roraima brazil mein venezuela key sharanarthiyon key liye pramukh pravesh bindu bunn gayaa haye. roraima mein visthaapit venezuel key logon kii sankhya lagbhag 100,000 honey kaa anuman haye, joe raajya kii aabaadi kaa lagbhag paanchvaan hissa haye.
vyutpatti.
roraima" shabd payman bhasha seey aataa haye. isaki vyutpatti ise teen sambhaavit arth detee haih "hurry choti", "havaaon kii maan" aur "kaju pahaad". yeh "roro" (totaa) aur "imaa" (pitaa, poorv) kaa sangam hoga. usa bhasha mein, "roro"-yaa "rora"-kaa arth haye "haraa", aur "imaa" kaa arth haye pahaad yaa choti, iss prakaar "hurry choti" shabd banata haye, joe usa vishisht kshetra key praakritik paridrishya koo darshaata haye.
aisee sambhavana haye kii "roraima" shabd key dou anya arth hainh "havaaon kii maan" aur "kaju pahaad". pahala arth iss kshetra mein havaa kii jalavaayu seey aataa haye, jahan swadeshi logon kaa maanana thaa kii dakshini venezuela seey bahane vaali havaayen usa sthaan seey aatee hain. doosara, "kaju parvat", iss kshetra mein maujood kaee pahaadon aur pahaadiyon key kaaran haye.
itihas.
pahale purtagaali basane vaale iss kshetra mein branco nadee key raaste pahunche. purtagaliyon key aagaman seey pahale, angreji aur dutch loga pahale seey hii iss kshetra kii or aakarshit they, taaki way guyana key madhyam seey shakha nadee ghaati kaa pataa lagaa sakein. iss kshetra parr portugal kii samprabhuta kewal taba sthaapit hui jaba spaniards ney urarikora nadee key saath branco nadee key uttari bhaag parr aakraman kiya. 1725 seey, carmelite missionaryon ney iss kshetra mein swadeshi logon koo parivartit karane kaa kaary shuru kiya.
purtagaali kabja 1730 key dashak seey tej hoe gayaa jaba yeh seemaon key samekan aur swadeshi shram kii talash mein shakha nadee key saath aage badhata haye. isake liye, way bachaav sainikon (virodhi jaatiya samoohon key yuddhon key dauran swadeshi logon kii khareed koo gulamon mein badal diyaa gayaa), yuddh sainikon (purtagaali kendra parr hamla karane vaale yaa prachaar koo rokane vaale swadeshi logon koo sajaa aur gulam banaana) aur bikri key liye brazil key utpaadon kii khoj, tathaakathit "serto" davaaon koo sangathit karate hain. saath hii, unhone missionaryon aur swadeshi swayamsevakon key gaanvon yaa anivarya roop seey vanshajon koo badhaava diyaa.
18veen shatabdi key madhya mein, purtagaali taaj amezan key paschimi kshetra mein lagaatar spanish abhiyaanon seey sambandhit hoe gayaa. iss prakaar, saao jose doo riyo nigro kii shaahi kaptani banaane key vichaar parr vichaar kiya gayaa, joe 3 march, 1755 key shaahi charter key madhyam seey huaa. kaptani key nirmaan kaa mukhya kaaran peru kii vaaysaraay seey spanish khatare kaa darr thaa, aur surinam mein dutch abhiyaanon seey utpann darr thaa.
1750 kii madrid kii sandhi dwara purvanirdhaarit seemankan bhee kaafee hudd taka netritva karate hainh kshetra mein ack naee prashaasnik ikai key nirmaan key saath, irada, vyavhaar mein, oopari nigro nadee key upanivesheekaran koo lagu karna thaa, baithak key liye aavashyak buniyaadi dhaanche kaa nirmaan karna aur purtagaali aur spanish seemankan samitiyon key kaam, aur yeh baithak kabhi naheen hui, iss beach purtagaali saanchon ney asthaayi roop seey nichale shakha nadee key pathyakram parr kabja curr liya, aayog key praavdhaan key liye manioch aur anya khaadya key baganon koo anjam diyaa.
1755 mein takutu nadee key saath urarikoira nadee key sangam parr banaaya gayaa saao joaquim kilaa, purtagaliyon dwara branco nadee kii vijay mein nirnaayak thaa. kilaa, joe aaj maujood naheen haye, kaa mukhya uddeshya purtagaliyon koo branco nadee ghaati kii bhoomi parr purtagaal kii poorna samprabhuta pradaan karna thaa, jisane apane chhote seey shoshan key kaaran antarrashtriya lalach koo janm diyaa.
purtagaali upaniveshvadiyon ney iss kshetra kii samprabhuta aur poorna niyantran grahan karane key baad, swadeshi mool nivaasiyon key saath milkar ilaake mein kaee gaanv aur shahar banaae. nossa senhora daa conciao aur santo antonio, eurricoera nadee parr; saao felipe, takutu nadee parr aur nossa senhora doo carmo aur saanta barbara, branco nadee parr, usa samay banaai gaee mukhya bastiyaan theen, jinamen ack mahatvapurna aabaadi thee. haalaanki, swadeshi aur upaniveshvadiyon key beach sangharsh key kaaran, kyonki swadeshi loga purtagaliyon dwara lagaai gaee sharton key adheen honey key liye sweekaar naheen karate they, gaanvon kaa vikas naheen huaa.
branco nadee ghaati kii bhoomi mein purtagaali basane vaalon kii upasthiti kii guaranti key liye, commander manuel daa gaama lobo dee 'almada ney 1789 mein kshetra mein maveshiyon aur ghodon kaa prajanan shuru kiya. euricoera aur takutu nadiyon parr kramshah saao bento, saao jose aur saao marcos key kheton ney 1793 aur 1799 key beach pashuon aur ghudsavaaron key prajanan koo sthaayi roop seey shuru kiya thaa. vartamaan mein, saao marcos farm swadeshi logon kaa haye aur usa sthaan key saamane sthit haye jahan kilaa saao joaquim sthit thaa.
ack varsh key liye, 1810 aur 1811 key beach, angreji sainikon ney ghaati mein pravesh kiya lekin saao joaquim kille key commander dwara nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa. brazil aur gayana key beach kii seema, jisaki seema seemankan prakriya pahale hii bund hoe chuki thee, usa avadhi mein hue mahaan angreji akramanon key kaaran phir seey chihnit karane kii aavashyakta thee. isaliye, branco nadee key upanivesheekaran koo chaar avadhiyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaah 1750 seey 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka, branco nadee kii khoj key saath; 19veen shatabdi key madhya seey 1890 mein boa vista kii nagarpalika key nirmaan taka; 1890 seey riyo branco key sanghiya kshetra key nirmaan taka; aur riyo branco key sanghiya kshetra kaa nirmaan ise brazilian sanghiya ikai kii shreni mein unnat karane key liye iska naam badalkar roraima curr diyaa gayaa.
decree-low nam. 13 sitambar, 1943 key 5,812, jisane amazonas raajya koo vighatit curr diyaa, ney riyo branco kaa sanghiya kshetra banaaya. 1962 mein, iss kshetra koo roraima kaa sanghiya kshetra kahaa gayaa thaa aur 1988 key brazil key samvidhaan dwara brazil kii sanghiya ikai kii shreni mein unnat kiya gayaa thaa.
19veen shatabdi key anta mein rashtriya kheton kii sthaapana key saath iss kshetra key upanivesheekaran koo atyadhik protsaahit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, raajya kii aabaadi koo isaki mukti key baad hii sthirata millie, ack sadee baad, soney aur heere kii khaanon key saath joe desh key vibhinn kshetron seey pravaasi laharon koo aakarshit karati theen. iss avyavasthit aapravaasan aur shoshan key parinamswarup ilaake mein beemariyon aur hatyaon key kaaran kaee sangharsh aur mautein huin. vartamaan mein, raajya key lagbhag sabhi swadeshi bhandar sweekrit hain.
bhugol.
roraima brazil key uttari kshetra mein ack raajya haye, joe brazil key sanghiya ganarajya mein sabse uttari raajya haye. isaki dakshin americi deshon key saath 1,922 kilometres kii seema haye. isaki seemaaen dakshin-poorv mein paaraa raajya, dakshin aur paschim mein amazona, uttar aur uttar-paschim mein venezuela aur poorv mein gayana seey lagati hain. roraima bellaroos seey thodaa badaa lagbhag ack kshetra mein faila huaa haye, joe kshetra key hisab seey brazil kaa chaudahavaan sabse badaa raajya haye.
raajya kaa lagbhag hissa swadeshi kshetron seey banaa haye, joe raajya key lagbhag aadhe kshetra (46.37%) kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. jaiv vividhata sanrakshan key liye chiko mendes sansthaan (aaee. see. aim. bee. aaee.) kii jimmedaari key tahat raajya mein paryaavaran sanrakshan kaa kshetra bhee vyaapak haye, jisamen roraima kaa kshetra 8.42% haye. iss kaaran seey, roraima brazil kaa raajya haye, joe sanrakshit kshetron dwara banaae gaye kshetra kaa doosara sabse adhik pratishat haye, kewal amapa raajya key baad.
raahat.
pakraima pahaadon mein sthit mount roraima raajya kaa sabse oonchaa bindu haye aur desh mein sabse oonchaa haye. raajya mein raahat kaafee vividh haye. venezuela aur gayana kii seemaon key paas parima aur pakarima key pahaad hain, jahan roraima parvat sthit haye, jisaki oonchaai haye. jaisa kii yeh brazil key sudur uttar mein haye, sudur uttar mein isake bindu uelan nadee aur mount kaburai hain.
vyaapak roop seey, roraima mein raahat mukhya roop seey sapaat haye. lagbhag 60 pratishat kshetra kii oonchaai neeche haye, lagbhag 25 pratishat 200 seey 300 meater key beach ausatan, 14 pratishat 300 seey 900 meater taka aur kewal 1 pratishat samudra tala seey 900 meater seey oopar kii satah kii oonchaai haye. dou bhoo-aakriti sanrachanaaen bhee hainh lahardaar pathaar aur uttari escorpments, joe guyana sheeled kaa hissa hain. iska lahardaar pathaar ack badaa paddiplane haye, joe alag-thalag aur titar-bitar kiye gaye badey maidanon aur chotiyon seey banaa haye.
isaki vividhataon key kaaran, raahat koo paanch degree mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haih raajya key pratham-degree gharon key kshetra joe baadh seey bhar sakate hain, jinamen raahat kaa ack vishisht roop naheen haye, lekin joe paani kii ack patali parat seey dhake hue hain; doosara degree shakha nadee paddiplane hogi, joe raajya mein vishal abhivyakti kii ack mahatvapurna ikai haye kyonki yeh apani bhoomi key ack badey hisse parr kabja curr letaa haye. iss paddiplane mein, oonchaai 70 seey 160 meater taka hoti haye aur nadee key chainalon kii or ack cumm dhalaan hoti haye. teesari degree una oonchaai seey banati haye joe 400 meater kii oonchaai taka pahunch sakati hain. serra daa luaa, serra grande, serra daa batata aur anya parvat shrinkhalaaen hain. chauthi degree kii visheshta 600 seey 2,000 meater kii oonchaai taka kii oonchaai haye, joe mukhya roop seey pakarima parvat shrinkhala, seraa doo parima aur seraa doo urukuzero dwara banaai gaee haye. yeye pahaad janjeeron key roop mein judey hue hain aur urarikora nadee banaane vaali nadiyaan vahaan paida hoti hain. anta mein, paanchvin degree, uchchatam kshetron koo samoohit karati haye, joe lagbhag 3,000 meater kii oonchaai taka pahunchane vaali oonchaai seey banati haye.
jalavaayu.
copen-geiger jalavaayu vargeekaran key anusaar, roraima mein prachalit jalavaayu uttari kshetra key anya raajyon key samaan haye joe amezan varshaavan koo aashray dete hainh ushnakatibandhiya jalavaayu kii buniyaadi vividhataaen. varsh key dauran ausat tapman adhik oonchaai vaale raahat key sthaanon mein 20 degree celsius (68 degree fahrenheit) seey laker chikani yaa sapaat raahat key kshetron mein 38 degree celsius (100.4 degree fahrenheit) taka hotaa haye.
purvi bhaag mein varsha soochkaank lagbhag 2 hazaar millimeter haye. paschimi bhaag mein, yeh lagbhag dedh hazaar millimeter haye. rajdhani aur aspas key kshetron mein soochkaank 2.6 hazaar millimeter taka pahunch jaate hain.
samanya taur parr, jalavaayu kshetra key anusaar badalati rahati haye. raajya key dakshin aur paschim mein ushnakatibandhiya varshaavan jalavaayu ("aeye. aff") haye. ausat vaarshik tapman 25 seey 28 degree celsius (77 seey 82.4 degree fahrenheit) taka hotaa haye. uttar aur poorv mein, prachalit jalavaayu ushnakatibandhiya mansoon jalavaayu ("aim") aur ushnakatibandhiya sawana jalavaayu ("aeye. doubleu") haye, jahaan ausat tapman raajya key anya kshetron key samaan haye, halanki varsha soochkaank cumm haye, aur shushk mausam achchi tarah seey paribhaashit haye.
akshansh key bavjood, raajya key uchchatam kshetron mein, uttar-paschim aur poorvottar mein, aardr uposhnakatibandhiya jalavaayu ("see. aff. aeye" aur "see. doubleu. aeye") key saath sangat jalavaayu pattern khojana sambhav haye, jaisa kii mount roraima key aspas key kshetra mein hotaa haye, jiska vaarshik ausat tapman 20 aur 22 degree celsius (68 aur 71.6 degree fahrenheit) key beach hotaa haye, aur disambar aur march key beach ack shushk mausam hotaa haye.
hydrography.
roraima raajya mein vyaapak jall-chitran haye. isake kshetra mein 14 nadiyon dwara prachur matra mein sinchai kii jaati haye, yeye hainh água boa do univiní, ailá, ajarani, alalau, branco, catrimani, cauamé, itapará, mucají, surumu, Takutu, uricoera, urubu aur xeruini.
roraima kii jall-rachana amezan nadee besin kaa hissa haye aur mool roop seey raajya mein sabse badey aur sabse mahatvapurna shakha nadee upa-besin parr adharit haye. yeh nadee nigro nadee kii sahayak nadiyon mein seey ack haye.
iss kshetra kii adhikansh nadiyon mein garmiyon mein badee sankhya mein samudra tata hotey hain, joe paryatan aur avkash key liye aadarsh hain. isake alawa, raajya key uttar mein sthit tej nadiyaan hain, joe dongi jaise jall khelon key liye ack vikalp hain. raajya mein lagbhag sabhi jall srot isake kshetra key bheetar utpann hotey hain, sivaay gayana mein jharanon vaali dou nadiyon key. sabhi roraiman nadiyaan amezan besin mein bahati hain.
jeev aur vanaspati.
roraima mein paridrishya aur jaivam kii vividhata roraima mein jeevon key gathan mein yogdan detee haye. roraiman amezan varshaavan kshetra mein, "jaguar, tepir, pekri, magarmachcha, marge billiyaan, oodabilaav, hiran, bandar" aur anya prajaatiyan paae jaate hain.
branco nadee aur sawana key samanya kshetron mein, "antitor, armdillo, kachhue, pampas hiran, pakas, agauti", saampon kii kaee prajaatiyan aur anya prajaatiyan hain. kaee prajaatiyon mein, jangli ghode alag khade hotey hain, unhein "cavalos lavrediros" (angreji menh sawana ghode yaa maidan key ghode) kahaa jaataa haye, joe duniya mein jangli ghodon kii antim aabaadi mein seey ack haye. branco nadee besin mein, jahan adhikansh machhliyon kii prajaatiyan paaee jaati hain, prajaatiyon kii vividhata badee haye. mukhya machhliyon mein "paku, morr baas, surubi, matrinxa, redtell catfish, tambakwi, akara, mundy, kachora, piranha, trera, piraiba, arovana" aur kaee anya prajaatiyan hain.
nichali shakha nadee key samudra taton parr, kachhuon kii prajaatiyon koo dhoondhana abhee bhee sambhav haye, jaise kii "peele dhabbon vaali nadee kachhua". raajya mein pakshiyon kii kaee prajaatiyan hain, badey seey laker chhote taka. badey pakshiyon mein, "pasaro" (shaabdik roop seey badaa pakshi) aur "jabiru" alag hain. chhote logon mein, "gwan, bagula, crested karakara" aur anya alag hain.
roraima mein, vanaspatiyon koo teen kshetron mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haih
kissy bhee kshetra mein, nadee key kinaaron koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue teen alag-alag prakaar kii vanaspati aachchaadan hain. yeye hainh
jansankhyiki.
brazil key bhugol aur saankhyiki sansthaan (aaee. bee. jee.) dwara 2020 key jansankhya anuman key anusaar, roraima kii jansankhya 631,181 nivaasiyon kii thee, joe raajya koo brazil mein sabse cumm aabaadi vaali sanghiya ikai banaata haye. rajdhani, boa vista, raajya kii aabaadi kaa 66.4% kendrit karati haye. roraima kii aabaadi bees varshon mein lagbhag doguni hoe gaee haye. 1991 mein, raajya mein kewal 217,583 nivasi they, joe jansankhya vriddhi mein 95.51% kii mahatvapurna vriddhi thee. jinn nagar paalikaon ney sabse adhik jansankhya vriddhi dikhaai, way boa vista, rajdhani aur roranpolis they. roraima mein vaarshik jansankhya vriddhi key liye, raajya brazil mein sabse teji seey badhane vaale raajyon mein seey ack haye, jisaki darr 4.6% haye, joe rashtriya ausat 1.6% kii vriddhi seey bahut adhik haye. iss sambandh mein, yeh kewal amapa key baad dusare sthaan parr haye, joe 5 pratishat seey adhik vaarshik vriddhi darj kartaa haye. haalaanki, haal key varshon mein yeh uchch jansankhya vriddhi cumm hoe rahee haye. iska ack udaaharan 2000 mein prastut darr haye jaba roraima ney 1991 key saath jansankhya vriddhi kaa 49.09% dikhaaya. pichhali janganana mein, 2010 mein, yeh sankhya girkar 31.13% hoe gaee. 2010 mein raajya kii kull aabaadi mein seey 229,343 nivasi purush hain aur 221,884 nivasi mahilaaen hain. haal key varshon mein, shahari aabaadi kii vriddhi mein kaafee vriddhi hui haye, joe kull graameen aabaadi seey adhik haye. 2000 key anuman key anusaar, 80.3% nivaasiyon mein seey shahar mein rahate they.
jansankhya ghanatva 1.8 thaa./2006 mein varg kimmy. yeh nishan brazil key ghanatva seey cumm haye, 19.94 nivaas kartaa haye./raajya kii jansankhya kaa vitaran asman haye, rajdhani kshetra aur raajya key dakshin mein adhik sandrata key saath. paanch nagarpaalikaaen-boa vista, roranpolis, alto allegre, karakarai aur bonefim-roraima kii aadhi seey adhik aabaadi parr dhyaan kendrit karati hain.
2017 mein, roraima kaa maanav vikas soochkaank (aich. dee. aaee.) 0.752 thaa, jise uchch maanaa jaataa thaa aur raajya koo brazil key 26 raajyon mein 12vein sthaan parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.
jaatiyata.
purtagaali, spanish aur dutch seey viraasat mein mille saanskritik, raajneetik aur aarthik lakshan roraima mein prabhaavshaali hain. jaatiya yogdan key sandarbh mein swadeshi logon key mahatva koo bhee bhulaaya naheen jaa sakata haye. yeh swadeshi loga they jinhone amezan kshetra mein maanav vyavasaay kii shuruat kii, aur unake vanshaj, "caboclos", paryaavaran key saath nikat sampark mein vikasit hue, joe vann dwara pradaan kii jaane vaali kshetriya vishishtataon aur avsaron key anukool they.
apane aitihaasik gathan mein, roraiman jansankhyiki raajya mein aabaadi banaane vaale teen buniyaadi jaatiya samoohon key galat janm kaa parinam haih swadeshi, europeeya aur african, iss prakaar kshetra key mestizo ("caboclos") kaa nirmaan karate hain. baad mein, pravasiyon key aagaman key saath, vishesh roop seey brazil key uttar-poorv seey, ekvachan sanskriti kaa ack "shorba" banaa, joe aabaadi key ack badey hisse, isake moolyon aur jeevan key tareeke koo darshaata haye.
2010 kii janganana key anusaar, roraima kii kull aabaadi "kshama" (mishrit-jaati, 60.92%), gorey (20.90%), swadeshi (11.18%), african-brazilian (6.04%) aur asiai (0.96%) seey bunny thee. roraima mestizo pehchaan koo bhee pehchaanati haye. mestizo divas (27 juuna) raajya mein ack aadhikarik tithi haye.
dharm.
2010 key aankadon key anusaar, brazil key bhugol aur saankhyiki sansthaan (aaee. bee. jee.) seey, roraima key mukhya dhaarmik sampradaay theh kaitholikwad (50.5%), protestantwad (30.3%), koee dharm (12.98%), swadeshi dharm (2.75%), pretvaad (0.91%), bauddh dharm (0.13%), candumbley (0.08%), goodh paramparaaen (0.03%), judawad aur islam (<9> pratyek), ambanda (0.02%) aur hindu dharm (0.01%). roraima kaa roman catholic diosis, manaus key archdiosis kaa ack matadhikar diosis, roraima raajya mein ekmatra catholic diosis haye. yeh manaus key church sambandhi praant aur brazil key bishapon key rashtriya sammelan key uttari kshetriya episcopal parishad seey sambandhit haye. episcopal see boa vista shahar mein christo redenter cathedral mein haye. bahusankhyak catholic church key alawa, raajya mein darjanon vibhinn protestant sampradaay hain. haal key varshon mein, raajya mein purvi dharm, mormonism aur evangelical sampradayon mein kaafee vriddhi hui haye. isai punarsthapanavadi sampradayon mein, jehovah key gawah (0.55%) aur yeeshu masih key church off later-day saints (0.15%) alag hain. nae purvi dharmon mein, vishva masihi dharm kaa church alag haye (0.06%). anya maanyataaen jansankhya key 1.47% dwara saajha kii jaati hain.
shiksha.
2009 mein, raajya mein 585 praathamik vidyaalayon kaa ack network thaa, jinamen seey 322 raajya key school, 252 nagarpalika, 10 niji aur 1 sanghiya saarvajanik school hain. shikshan karmchaariyon mein 4,842 shikshak shamil they, jinamen seey 2,952 ney raajya key saarvajanik schools mein, 1,627 ney nagarpalika key saarvajanik schools mein aur 217 ney niji schools mein kaam kiya. inn vidyaalayon mein 86,547 chhaatr adhyayan karate they, jinamen seey 82,208 saarvajanik vidyaalayon mein aur 4,339 niji vidyaalayon mein they. uchch vidyalaya koo 100 pratishthanon mein diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen 17,512 chhatron kaa namankan thaa. 17, 512 chhatron mein seey 16,175 saarvajanik schools mein aur 1,337 niji schools mein they.
uchch shiksha key liye, roraima kaa sanghiya vishvavidyalaya (yuu. aff. aar. aar.), roraima kaa raajya vishvavidyalaya (yuu. ee. aar.) aur roraima kaa sanghiya sansthaan (aaee. aff. aar. aar.) alag hain. niji uchch shiksha pratishthaan bhee hainh uchch shiksha kaa roraiman college (kiraya), estasio atual college, cathedral college aur vigyaan key sankaay, uttari brazil kii shiksha aur dharamshastra (facetain).
lagbhag 14,500 poorv-vidyalaya key chhaatr bhee panjikrit they, jinhen 270 shikshan ikaaiyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. inmein seey 258 nagarpaalikaaen theen, jinamen seey koee bhee raajya star parr naheen thaa. raajya mein 857 poorv-vidyalaya shikshak they.
2019 mein raajya mein niraksharta darr 5 pratishat thee, joe uttar aur poorvottar kshetron key sabhi raajyon seey aage, sakshar aabaadi key uchchatam pratishat key saath brazil key raajyon mein 7vein sthaan parr rahee. 2019 mein, buniyaadi shiksha vikas soochkaank (aaee. dee. ee. bee.) mein, raajya rashtriya ausat seey adhik honey key kaaran 5.7 ankon key score parr pahunch gayaa aur brazil key raajyon mein 15vein sthaan parr aaa gayaa.
2011 mein, rashtriya uchch vidyalaya pariksha (anime) mein roraima kaa ausat grade vastunishth pareekshan mein 35.03 aur nibandh pareekshan mein 56.37 haye, joe brazil key uttar-uttar poorv mein uchchatam ankon mein seey ack haye. inn dou kshetron mein, roraima kewal amazona (57.77) seey haar gayaa. haalaanki, dusare uchchatam ank key saath bhee, roraiman ausat rashtriya ausat seey cumm thaa, joe kii 57.26 thaa. 2010 mein chhatron kii sankhya key sambandh mein, 7,463 ney anime mein bhaag liya, jinamen seey 2,404 hyee school snaatak aur 4,493 snaatak they. 85.kull chhatron mein seey 52 pratishat saarvajanik vidyaalayon seey aae they.
portal jee1 dwara kiye gaye ack sarvekshan mein brazil key ack shikshak key roop mein roraima kii pehchaan kii gaee haye, joe prati saptah 25 ghante key liye ausat vetan 2 dollar, 099.47 key saath maadhyamik vidyalaya key shikshakon koo sabse achchha vetan detaa haye. sarvekshan key anusaar, desh mein sabse adhik vetan, sanghiya jile mein-3 dollar kii raashi mein, 121.96-40 ghante key karyabhar seey sambandhit thaa. usee varsh, aine. jee. oh. todos peley ajucation ney bhee pratyek chhaatr key liye 4 dollar, 834.43 key saath, prati varsh buniyaadi shiksha key chhatron mein sabse adhik nivesh key saath dusare brazilian raajya key roop mein roraima kaa ullekh kiya.
swaasthya dekhbhal.
2005 mein raajya mein 455 aspatal they, jinamen 725 bistar aur 56 doctor, 10 snaatak nurse aur 60 nursing sahayak they. 2010 mein, 455 maujooda aspatalon mein seey 378 vayaskon aur bachchon key liye they, 22 vishesh roop seey bachchon key liye they, 49 samanya aur 3 vishesh they. 2005 mein, roraima kii aabaadi key 85.2% koo jall network taka pahunch thee, jabaki 75 pratishat koo swachchata maljal network seey laabh huaa.
2010 kii brazil kii janganana key anusaar, roraima kii aabaadi key 81.4% ney apane swaasthya koo achchha yaa utkrisht key roop mein mulyankan kiya; 72.5% aabaadi key niyamit roop seey chikitsa paramarsh seey gujarate hain; 44.9% nivaasiyon ney niyamit roop seey dunt chikitsak seey paramarsh kiya aur pichhale baarah maheenon mein aabaadi key 7.4% koo aspatal mein bharti karaaya gayaa haye. lagbhag 22 pratishat nivaasiyon ney ack purani bimari honey kii ghoshana kii aur kewal 9.8 pratishat key paas swaasthya beema haye. ack anya mahatvapurna tathya yeh haye kii nivaasiyon mein seey 44.7% ghoshana karate hain kii unhein hamesha parivaar swaasthya ikai karyakram (pee. yuu. aiss. aff.) kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
mahilaaon key swaasthya key sambandh mein, 40 varsh seey adhik ayu kii mahilaaon kii pichhale baarah maheenon mein naidaanik stun pariksha hui thee; 50 seey 69 varsh kii ayu kii mahilaaon kii pichhale chaubis maheenon mein mammogram hui thee, aur 25 seey 59 varsh kii ayu kii mahilaaon kii pichhale chhattis maheenon mein garbhashay grieva key cancer key liye nivaarak pariksha hui thee.
arthavyavastha.
kewal 13,37 arab dollar key sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) key saath, roraima raajya kii arthavyavastha brazil mein sabse chhoti haye, joe brazil kii arthavyavastha key kewal 0.2% key anuroop haye. yeh krishi utpaadan parr adharit haye, mukhya roop seey anaaj krishi vyavasaay mein, chawal, soyabean aur makai parr jore diyaa jaataa haye. aisaa kahaa jaataa haye kii raajya tathaakathit "vetan arthavyavastha" mein kaam kartaa haye, jaba mukhya roop seey saarvajanik sevakon aur vanijya key niji karmchaariyon koo vetan mein bhugtan kii jaane vaali raashi kaa prachalan hotaa haye.
pashudhan mein, manaus mein vadh key liye jeevit pashu vyaapaar, 1970 key dashak taka, mukhya aarthik aadhar thaa. varshon seey, salana 6 seey 10 hazaar bailon kaa vyaapaar manaus key saath kiya jaataa thaa. iss prakaar key vyaapaar ney khaadya padaarth, kapade, gharelu saman, aur anya cheezon koo roraima mein laaya. aapoorti kaa yeh roop dou mukhya karakon key kaaran samaapt hoe gayaah raajya mein jansankhya vriddhi, manaus-boa vista sadak key udghaatan key madhyam seey, aur maveshiyon key jhund mein kamee.
chawal ney maans kii jagah leey lii, 1970 key dashak key anta mein manaus key saath vyaapaar shuru huaa. 1977 mein, chawal kii fasal key liye krishi mashinikaran kii shuruat kii gaee, jisase utpaadan kshamata mein vriddhi hui. shuruat mein, oonchi bhoomi key chawal key utpaadan key liye jutai key kshetra mein yantrikaran lagu kiya gayaa thaa, jise kaee karakon dwara apekshit safalata naheen millie thee. unamen seey ack utpaadan key bhandaran key liye bhautik sanrachana kii kamee thee, kyonki koee dryer aur godam naheen they. haalaanki, iss pranali ney utpaadan koo sinchit chawal mein sthanantarit karna sambhav banaa diyaa. godamon aur sukhaane vaale yantron key nirmaan mein adhik poonjikrit utpadakon aur sarkari samarthan key saath, utpaadan vyavharya hoe gayaa. iss prakaar key chawal kaa utpaadan branco, takutu, urricoera aur kaume nadiyon key baadh key maidanon mein kiya jaataa thaa, jisamen utpaadaktaa adhik hoti thee aur yeh fasal key ropan aur rakharkhaav kii uchch laagat koo puuraa karane key liye paryaapt thee.
baad mein, soyabean kii kheti jutai mein dikhaai dee, jisamen varsh darr varsh ropan kshetra mein vriddhi kii gaee. iss fasal kii sabse badee samasyaaen bhoomi key karyakal kii guaranti, paryaavaran kaanoonon key saath isaki asangatiyon key alawa, aniyamitata aur parivahan kii kharaab vishvasaniyata key kshetra mein hain. raposa seraa dou soul swadeshi kshetra key seemankan seey logon dwara vijay key saath roraima mein inn dou sabse badee fasalon mein kamee aaee.
makai, kasawa aur same jaisi anya fasalen bhee maujood hain. lekin way chawal aur soya utpaadan key star taka naheen pahunchate hain. aate key utpaadan key liye manioch key mamle mein, roraima aatmanirbhar haye. raajya mein phal ugaane key kshetra mein ananas, santara, kelaa, papeeta, tarbooj, tarbooj, angur, nimbu, paishan fruit aur tangerine kaa utpaadan hotaa haye. tarbooj, tarbooj aur papeeta apani gunavatta kii pehchaan key liye alag hain. haal key varshon mein sabjiyon key saath bahut pragati hui haye. salad, haraa pyaaj, ajmod, mirch, meethe aaloo, beans, kaddu, pattagobhi aur kaali mirch kaa utpaadan badhaa haye aur yeh kahaa jaa sakata haye kii iss kshetra mein aatmanirbharta bhee haye. greenhouse utpaadan ney iss prakriya mein madad kii haye.
jaba brazil key meve, rovenberry aur lakadi kaa utpaadan karane vaale paudhe nikaalane kii baat aatee haye tou roraima ney hamesha amezan key aarthik bhugol mein ack maadhyamik sthaan hassil kiya haye. raajya key dakshini kshetra mein pahale dou, vishesh roop seey shakha nadee key neeche. way manaus mein beche jaate hain, lekin chhote paimaane parr. lakadi kaa anveshan kiya gayaa haye aur venezuela key saath vyaapaar kiya gayaa haye aur haal hii mein, europe aur asia key anya deshon key saath.
roraiman udyog chhota haye. bee. aar.-174 key kinare parr sthit boa vista key audyogik jile mein 2015 mein 58 sanyantra sanchaalit they. way anaaj, lakadi, chamada aur anya kaa utpaadan karate hain. vaanijyik kshetra paaramparik haye, anya sthaanon seey kharidari karate hue, jaise kii saao paulo aur manaus, aur boa vista aur anya nagar paalikaon mein punarvikraya.
videshi vyaapaar kaa abhyaas karane key liye padosi deshon key saath vyaavsaayik roop seey karib aanaa ack aisaa maarg haye jiska haal hii mein pataa lagaaya gayaa haye. niryaat aur ayaat key liye mukhya vyaparik bhagidar venezuela haye; 2004 aur 2010 mein niryaat kiya gayaa mukhya utpaad lakadi thaa; 2015 mein, lakadi key alawa soya, chamada aur khanij jall key niryaat key saath ack achchha vividhikaran huaa thaa. adhik matra mein aayatit utpaad masheenen, upkaran aur yaantrik upkaran rahey hain. boa vista, bonefim, karakarai, mucazi aur roranpolis sabse adhik niryaat karane vaali nagarpaalikaaen hain.
rajneeti.
roraima brazil kaa ack raajya haye joe teen shaktiyon dwara shaasit haye, karyakari, rajyapal dwara pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye, vidhaayi, roraima raajya kii vidhaan sabhaa dwara pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye, aur nyaypalika, jiska pratinidhitva roraima raajya key nyaay kii adalat aur anya adalaton aur nyayadhishon dwara kiya jaataa haye. janmat sangrah key madhyam seey sarkari nirnayon mein lokpriya bhagidari kii bhee anumati haye. roraima raajya kaa vartamaan samvidhaan 31 disambar, 1991 koo baad key samvaidhaanik sanshodhanon key parinamswarup parivartanon key alawa adhiniyamit kiya gayaa thaa.
roraima karyakari shakha raajya key rajyapal parr kendrit haye, joe saarvbhaumik matadhikar aur pratyaksh aur gupt vote dwara, aabaadi dwara chaar saal kii avadhi key liye chunaa jaataa haye, aur ack aur karyakal key liye phir seey chunaa jaa sakata haye. seanader helio campos mahal 1991 seey roraima sarkaar kaa kendra haye.
roraima kii vidhaayi shakti ack sadaniya haye, jiska gathan roraima raajya kii vidhaan sabhaa dwara kiya jaataa haye. isamen 24 pratinidhi hotey hain, joe harr 4 saal mein chune jaate hain. rashtriya congress mein, roraima kaa pratinidhitva 3 senators aur 8 sanghiya pratinidhiyon seey banaa haye. roraima nyaypalika kaa sarvocch nyayalaya roraima raajya kaa nyaay nyayalaya haye. nyaypalika nyayadhishon aur kaanoon key nyayadhishon seey bunny hoti haye.
jaba raajneetik pratinidhitva sangathanon kii baat aatee haye, tou 35 brazilian raajneetik dalon mein seey 34 kaa raajya mein pratinidhitva haye. aprail 2016 key aankadon key aadhar parr, uchch nirvaachan nyayalaya (tii. aiss. ee.) dwara jaari jaankaari key anusaar, 6,732 sadasyon key saath pragatisheel republican party (pee. aar. pee.), jisake baad samajik loktantra party (pee. aiss. dee. bee.), 5,356 sadasyon key saath aur loktaantrik shram party (pee. dee. tii.), 5,087 sadasyon key saath haye. raajya mein anya raajneetik dall, sadasyon kii sankhya key hisab seey, 4,521 sadasyon key saath pragatisheel party (pp) hain; aur 3,406 sadasyon key saath shramik party (ptb) hain. uchchatar chunavi adalat key anusaar, sustainability network (riddy) aur unified socialist worker party (pee. aiss. tii. yuu.) kramshah 21 aur 24 sadasyon key saath roraima mein sabse cumm pratinidhi raajneetik dall hain. naee party (novo) ekmatra brazilian party haye jiska roraima mein koee pratinidhitva naheen haye.
upkhand.
roraima raajneetik roop seey 15 nagar paalikaon mein vibhajit haye. unamen seey sabse adhik aabaadi boa vista mein haye, jisamen 419,652 nivasi hain, joe raajya kii sabse purani nagarpalika haye, joe ack gaanv key roop mein ubhara, joe roraima mein shahari visheshtaon key saath pahala haye. nagarpalikaon koo chaar tatkaal bhaugolik kshetron mein vitarit kiya gayaa haye, jinhen 2017 seey lagu brazil key bhugol aur saankhyiki sansthaan (aaee. bee. jee.) key vibhajan key anusaar dou madhyavarti bhaugolik kshetron mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye.
parivahan.
vayumarg.
raajya mein, infrero dwara prabandhit kewal ack antarrashtriya havaai adda haye, boa vista antarrashtriya havaai adda-atlus brasil cantanheade, joe raajya kii rajdhani mein sthit haye. 2009 mein, raajya kii rajdhani mein havaai adde ney 190,469 yaatriyon aur 931,248 havaai maal koo sambhala. raajya mein 7 anya raajya-shreni aur chhote havaai adde bhee hainh amjari mein auris havaai adda; mucazai mein mucazai havaai adda; pakraima mein pakraima havaai adda; alto allegre mein suruku, quaicas aur surucus havaai adda, baad vaalaa yanomami swadeshi kshetra key ander sthit haye; aur karakarai mein karakari havaai adda. yeye havaai adde nagarpalika aur raajya prashaasan key hain.
havaai parivahan roraima mein viniyamit karane key liye sabse tez haye, joe dusaron kii tulanaa mein behtar sthiti mein haye. adhikansh mamalon mein, boa vista seey parivahan dwara, roraima key antardeshiya shaharon, jilon aur kasbon koo seva pradaan kii jaati haye. yeh kahaa kii yeh brazil mein sabse alag sanghiya ikai haye. raajya mein koee rail network naheen haye.
rajmarg.
ekmatra brazilian raajya jiska roraima key saath sadak sampark haye, amazonas haye, joe bee. aar.-174 key madhyam seey haye, joe dakshin mein nagar paalikaon koo raajya key uttar mein nagar paalikaon seey jodata haye, aur brazil koo venezuela seey jodane key liye bhee jimmedaar haye. bee. aar.-174 lamba haye aur karakarai pull key madhyam seey karakarai kii oonchaai parr branco nadee koo paar karate hue dakshin seey uttar taka raajya key kshetra koo paar kartaa haye.
bee. aar.-210 bhee haye, jise perimetral norte bhee kahaa jaataa haye, joe kii beesavin shatabdi key madhya mein sanghiya sarkaar seey utpann ack pariyojana haye, jise kewal aanshik roop seey kiya gayaa thaa aur joe siddhant roop mein, raajya koo paaraa, amapa aur saao gabriel daa kachoira (amazonas mein) kii nagarpalika seey jodd dega. yeh rajmarg lamba haye aur raajya koo poorv-paschim disha mein paar kartaa haye. brazil koo paar karane vaalaa ack anya rajmarg bee. aar.-401 haye, joe raajya koo gayana seey jodata haye. yeh boa vista seey shuru hotaa haye aur macuxis pull key madhyam seey branco nadee koo paar kartaa haye, joe guyani kshetra mein pravesh kartaa haye. anya sanghiya rajmarg bee. aar.-431, bee. aar.-432 aur bee. aar.-433 hain.
raajya rajmarg bhee hain, jinamen rr-205 (joe rajdhani koo alto allegre key mukhyalaya seey jodata haye) aur rr-203 (amjari key mukhyalaya aur jilon koo br-174 seey jodata haye) shamil hain, joe donon poori tarah seey pakki, signpost aur achchi yatayat sthitiyon key saath hain. anya mahatvapurna rajmarg aar. aar.-325 aur aar. aar.-319 hain, joe mahatvapurna krishi kshetron aur graameen bastiyon kii coloniyon seey hocker gujarate hain. raajya rajmargon kii lambai kaafee adhik haye aur yeye kaafee hudd taka anuchit upayog kii sthitiyon mein hain.
jalmarg.
raajya mein nadee parivahan bhee ullekhaniya haye, saath hii saath amezan varshaavan mein anya raajyon mein bhee. haalaanki, nadee kaa nauvahan shakha nadee taka hii seemit haye. branco nadee parr parivahan kaa upayog arthavyavastha key liye bahut adhik kiya jaataa haye, lekin antardeshiya shaharon mein yaatriyon kii aavaajaahi cumm hoti haye. iss nadee parr niyamit nauvahan kewal mukh khand (nigro nadee/karakarai) mein hotaa haye, lagbhag lamba. iss khand mein, baadh kii avadhi mein shakha nadee kaa adhikatam 5 meater aur sookhe kii avadhi mein nyuntam 0.7 meater kaa draft hotaa haye. jalmarg pranali key mamle mein anya amezaniyaai raajyon key sambandh mein roraima ack nuksan mein haye. choonki yeh ekmatra aisaa kshetra haye jisamen isaki sabhi kukhyaat nadiyon kaa srot unake apane kshetra mein haye-raajya kii jall-chitra pranali 100% roraiman haye-isake liye kuchh nadee maarg honey kii baadhyata haye. vaastav mein, roraima mein kewal ack pramukh nadee kaa nikas haih shakha nadee key madhyam seey, nigro nadee taka pahunchate hue, vahaan seey manaus aur saao gabriel daa kachoira kii or badh rhaa haye. phir bhee, roraima mein sabse mahatvapurna nadee abhee bhee atirikt kathinaaiyon kaa saamana karati haye.
paryatan.
vishesh roop seey paaristhitiki paryatan mein roraima mein paryatan kii bahut sambhavana haye. kyonki yeh brazil key uttar mein, iss desh key uttari bhaag mein sthit haye aur kyonki yeh teen dakshin americi deshon seey ghiraa huaa haye, isaliye roraima inn deshon, vishesh roop seey venezuela key saath paryatan key aadhar parr ghanishth vaanijyik sambandh rakhta haye. praakritik aakarshan raajya key mukhya paryatan sthal hain, vishesh roop seey mount roraima. mount roraima grah parr sabse puraane sthaanon mein seey ack haye aur duniya bhar seey kaee paryatakon koo aakarshit kartaa haye.
puraatatvidon kii pedra pintada mein gahari ruchi haye, joe raajya mein puraatatva kaa sabse mahatvapurna sthal haye. isamen, pracheen sabhyataon key shilalekh hain, jaise kii chattan key chitra, cheeni mitty key tukade, topi, haar key motee, anya kalakritiyon key beach joe maanav vikas key itihas kaa sanket dete hain, joe chaar hazaar saal puraane hain. yeh chattan grenite kii ekshila haye jiska vyaas saath meater aur oonchaai lagbhag 40 meater haye. baahari chehare parr, laal chattan key chitra hain jinhen abhee bhee vaigyaanikon key liye ack rahasya maanaa jaataa haye. 12 meater taka lambi antim gufaayen bhee hain. pedra pintada pakraima mein sthit haye.
seraa doo tapequem bhee ack raajya paryatak aakarshan haye. isamen sabun key patthar mein ack samriddh hastshilp haye aur iska kshetra heere kaa pataa lagaane key liye swatantra haye. yeh sthaan paiva, sobral, barata aur funnil jalprapaaton key liye ack trekking abhyaas key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. pathaar poore parvat kii parakashtha haye, jahan brazil aur venezuela key beach kii seemaon koo seemit karane vaali parvat shrinkhala shuru hoti haye. isaki ausat oonchaai 1,500 meater haye aur yeh amjari kii nagarpalika mein sthit haye. raajya kaa ack anya paryatan sthal mount kaburai haye. bhoogolvidon ney saabit kiya haye kii yeh oyapok, amapa seey 70 kimmy uttar mein sthit haye, joe pahaad koo brazil mein sabse uttari bindu banaata haye, jise shiksha mantralaya aur brazil key bhugol aur saankhyiki sansthaan (ibje) jaise bhaugolik kshetriya seemankan key liye jimmedaar aadhikarik sansthanon dwara maanyata dee gaee haye.
normandia kii nagarpalika mein karakara jheel bhee ullekhaniya haye. lagbhag 6 kilometres kii paridhi key saath, yeh kaju key pedon seey ghire apane maheen rait key samudra taton key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.