
satra parat

computer networking key saat-parat osi model mein, satra parat parat 5 haye.
satra parat antim-upayogkarta anuprayog prakriyaon key beach ack satra koo kholane, bund karane aur prabandhit karane key liye tantra pradaan karati haye.ee., ack ardh-sthaayi samvaad. sanchaar satron mein anurodh aur pratikriyaaen hoti hain joe anuprayogon key beach hoti hain. satra-parat sevaaon kaa upayog aamtaur parr anuprayog vatavaran mein kiya jaataa haye joe doorasth prakriya coll (aar. pee. see.) kaa upayog karate hain.
satra-parat protocol kaa ack udaaharan osi protocol soot satra-parat protocol haye, jise x.225 yaa iso 8327 key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. connection key nuksan key mamle mein yeh protocol connection koo punarpraapt karane kaa prayaas curr sakata haye. yadi kissy connection kaa upayog lambe samay taka naheen kiya jaataa haye, tou satra-parat protocol ise bund curr sakata haye aur ise phir seey khol sakata haye. yeh yaa tou poorna duplexes yaa ardh-duplexes sanchaalan pradaan kartaa haye aur adaan-pradaan kiye gaye sandeshon kii dhaara mein samkraman bindu pradaan kartaa haye.
satra parat karyanvayan key anya udaharanon mein kshetra soochana protocol (zip)-appletock protocol joe naam bandhan prakriya kaa samanvaya kartaa haye, aur satra niyantran protocol (aiss. see. pee.)-dennet charan IV satra-parat protocol shamil hain.
osi network vastukala key seva parat shabdarth key bheetar, satra parat prastuti parat seey seva anurodhon kaa jawab detee haye aur parivahan parat koo seva anurodh jaari karati haye.
sevaayen.
connection sthaapana aur release.
cumm seey cumm, satra parat donon pakshon koo ack connection sthaapit karane aur upayog karane kii anumati detee haye, jise satra kahaa jaataa haye, aur connection koo vyavasthit roop seey jaari karane kii anumati detee haye.
oh. aiss. aaee. model mein, parivahan parat ack connection key vyavasthit roop seey jaari honey key liye jimmedaar naheen haye. isake bajaay, satra parat isake liye jimmedaar haye. haalaanki, aadhunik tcp/ips network mein, tcp pahale seey hii parivahan parat parr connections koo vyavasthit roop seey bund karane kaa praavdhaan kartaa haye.
satra connection jaari honey key baad, antarnihit parivahan connection kaa upayog dusare satra connection key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. ack satra connection bhee kaee lagaatar parivahan connections kaa upayog curr sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, yadi kissy satra key dauran, antarnihit parivahan connection whiffle hoe jaataa haye, tou satra star satra koo jaari rakhane key liye parivahan connection koo phir seey sthaapit karane kaa prayaas curr sakata haye.
samvaad niyantran.
satra parat teen alag-alag samvaad prakaar pradaan curr sakati haye-dou tarah seey ack saath (poorna-dwigunit), dou tarah seey vaikalpik (ardh-dwigunit), aur ack tarah seey (simplexes). yeh samvaad key prakaar parr baatchit karane key liye tantra bhee pradaan kartaa haye, aur yeh niyantrit kartaa haye kii kiss paksh mein detta bhejane yaa kuchh niyantran karyon koo karane key liye "modd" yaa "tokan" haye.
samvaad niyantran tcp/ips mein lagu naheen kiya jaataa haye, aur yadi aavashyak hoe tou ise sambhaalane key liye anuprayog parat parr chhod diyaa jaataa haye. vyaapak roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale HTTP/1.1 protocol mein, client aur server aamtaur parr aadhe-duplexes tareeke seey kaam karate hain. poorna-duplexes sanchaalan key liye HTTP pipelining kaa bhee samarthan kartaa haye, lekin kaee server/proxy ise sahee dhang seey sambhal naheen sakey, aur yeh jaanchne key liye koee samvaad vaarta tantra naheen thaa kii poorna-duplexes upayog karane yogya haye yaa naheen, isaliye iska samarthan antatah adhikansh brousers dwara chhod diyaa gayaa thaa.
samkraman bindu aur punarsantulan.
satra parat donon pakshon koo samvaad mein "samkaaliktaa bindu" daalane kii anumati dey sakati haye, aur unhein ack "punarsamayojan" karane kii anumati dey sakati haye, joe vartamaan sancharan koo rokta haye, samkaaliktaa bindu koo ack nishchit moolya parr sett kartaa haye, aur usa bindu seey sancharan koo phir seey shuru kartaa haye.
iska upayog vaastavik samay audio/video prasaran mein kiya jaa sakata haye. samkraman binduon kaa upayog detta pravaah mein timestamp daalane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, aur ack nae timestamp seey shuru karane key liye sancharan koo reset karane key liye ack punarsamayojan kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, yadi video stream audio stream seey bahut peechhe haye, tou praapt karane vaalaa paksh video stream parr ack punarsamayojan anurodh jaari curr sakata haye, baad mein timestamp seey isake prasaran koo phir seey shuru curr sakata haye.
iska upayog aavedan dwara jaanch karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. synchronization binduon kaa upayog yeh ingit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye kii ack checkpoint application dwara kiya gayaa haye, aur ack application crashes yaa bijli kii viphalata key baad, ack punarsamayojan kaa upayog yeh ingit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye kii application ack checkpoint seey thheek hoe gayaa haye aur sancharan koo phir seey shuru kiya jaa sakata haye.
iska upayog kissy bhee samay samvaad koo baadhit karane/phir seey shuru karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, naa kii aavedan kii viphalata key kaaran, balki aavedan dwara yojnabaddh roop seey. aavedan ack samvaad koo baadhit curr sakata haye, usee satra mein ack aur samvaad shuru curr sakata haye, aur usee satra mein yaa kissy anya satra mein pichhale samvaad koo phir seey shuru curr sakata haye.
satra parat ack yaa adhik satron mein kaee vyavadhaanpurna samvaadon key prabandhan key liye spasht samarthan bhee pradaan curr sakati haye. inn samvaadon koo "gatividhiyaan" kahaa jaataa haye. gatividhiyon koo baadhit kiya jaa sakata haye aur spasht roop seey phir seey shuru kiya jaa sakata haye. punarsamayojan dwara samvaadon koo antarnihit roop seey baadhit karane aur phir seey shuru karane kii tulanaa mein, gatividhi samarthan inn samvaadon key anuprayog koo saral niyantran detaa haye.
tcp/ips model key saath tulanaa.
tcp/ips sandarbh model osi model key anuprayog yaa parivahan protocol shabdarth key vivaran key saath khud koo sambandhit naheen kartaa haye aur isaliye satra parat parr vichaar naheen kartaa haye. vishisht parivahan protocol (tcp, aiss. see. tii. pee.) key sambandh mein oh. aiss. aaee. kaa satra prabandhan, parivahan-parat protocol mein nihit haye, yaa anyatha anuprayog parat protocol key kshetra mein maanaa jaataa haye. tcp/ips kii paraten sanchaalan dayare (anuprayog, mezban-seey-mezban, network, link) kaa "vivaran" hain aur sanchaalan prakriyaon yaa detta shabdarth key vistrit "prescription" naheen hain.

