
semipalatinsk pareekshan sthal

semipalatinsk pareekshan sthal (rooseeh семиπалатинссссоеми семиπалатинсссо семимитинсссо семимитинсссо семимилатинсссо семимилатинсссо семилатинсссо семилатинсссо семилатинсссо семилатинсссо семимилатинсссое-21), jise "bahubhuj" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, soviyat sangh key paramanu hathiyaron key liye praathamik pareekshan sthal thaa. yeh uttar-poorv kazakhstan (poorv kazakh aiss. aiss. aar. mein) mein, irtish nadee kii ghaati key dakshin mein sthit haye. pareekshan sthal key liye vaigyaanik imaaraten semipalatinsk shahar key paschim mein sthit theen, jise baad mein purvi kazakhstan kshetra aur pavlodar kshetra kii seema key paas semi naam diyaa gayaa. adhikansh paramanu pareekshan paschim aur dakshin mein vibhinn sthalon parr hoe rahey hain, kuchh karagandi kshetra taka.
soviyat sangh ney 1949 seey 1989 taka semipalatinsk mein 456 paramanu pareekshan kiye, jisamen sthaaniya logon yaa paryaavaran parr unake prabhaav koo bahut cumm maanaa gayaa. vikiran key sampark kaa puuraa prabhaav soviyat adhikaariyon dwara kaee varshon taka chhipa huaa thaa aur 1991 mein pareekshan sthal bund honey key baad seey hii yeh prakaash mein aaya haye. kazakh visheshagyon key anumaanon key anusaar, pichhale kuchh varshon mein 15 laakh loga girawat key sampark mein aae they.
1996 seey 2012 taka, kazakh, russie aur americi paramanu vaigyaanikon aur engineeron key ack gupt sanyukt abhiyaan ney pahaadon kii surangon mein apashisht plutonium koo surakshit kiya.
29 agast 1991 koo bund honey key baad seey, semipalatinsk pareekshan sthal duniya mein sabse achchi khoj kii gaee paramanu pareekshan site bunn gayaa haye, aur duniya mein ekmatra aisaa sthal haye joe saal bhar janata key liye khula haye.
itihas.
iss sthal kaa chayan 1947 mein soviyat paramanu bumm pariyojana key raajneetik pramukh laveranti beria dwara kiya gayaa thaa. beria ney jhoothaa daavaa kiya kii vishal 18,000 varg kilometres kaa maidan "nirjan" thaa. gulag shram koo adim pareekshan suvidhaon key nirmaan key liye niyojit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen irtish nadee key dakshini tata parr poorvottar koney mein prayogshala parisar bhee shamil thaa. pahala soviyat bumm pareekshan, operation first lytoning, jise amerikiyon dwara "joe vann" upnaam diyaa gayaa thaa, 1949 mein semipalatinsk pareekshan sthal parr ack tower seey aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, joe aas-paas key gaanvon mein gir gayaa thaa, jise khaali karane mein beria ney upeksha kii thee. usee kshetra, "praayogik kshetra", kurchatov shahar key paschim mein ack kshetra, kaa upayog baad mein 100 seey adhik jameen key oopar key hathiyaron key parikshanon key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
baad mein parikshanon koo sts key poorv mein chagan nadee parisar aur paas key balapan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, jisamen chagan pareekshan kaa sthal bhee shamil thaa, jisane chagan jheel kaa nirmaan kiya. ack baar jaba vayumandaliya parikshanon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa, tou pareekshan koo paschim mein chagan, murzik aur dakshin mein apakshayi parvat parisar mein bhoomigat sthaanon parr sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe upa-mahatvapurna aur atee-mahatvapurna parikshanon donon key liye borhole aur drift seey bharaa huaa haye. semipalatinsk shram shivir key bund honey key baad, 217veen alag-alag engineering aur khanan batalian dwara nirmaan kaary kiye gaye, jinhone baad mein baikonur cosmodrome kaa nirmaan kiya. 
1949 aur 1989 mein paramanu pareekshan kii samaapti key beach, sts mein 456 visfot kiye gaye, jinamen 340 bhoomigat borhole aur surang shott aur 116 vayumandaliya, yaa tou havaa-drop yaa tower shott shamil they. prayogshala parisar, joe abhee bhee aiss. tii. aiss. kaa prashaasnik aur vaigyaanik kendra haye, kaa naam praarambhik soviyat paramanu karyakram key netaa igor kurchatov key naam parr kurchatov shahar rakhaa gayaa thaa. kurchatov shahar key sthaan koo aam taur parr vibhinn maanchitron parr "konechanya" key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, joe kii train station kaa naam haye, abb deejan, yaa "mouldary", gaanv kaa naam haye jise baad mein shahar mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
semipalatinsk parisar apane sanchaalan key dauran videshi sarkaaron key liye teevra ruchi kaa vishay thaa, vishesh roop seey usa charan key dauran jaba prayogaatmak kshetra mein jameen key oopar visfot kiye gaye they. upgrah tohi key saath pratisthaapit honey seey pahale kaee yuu-2 overflight ney taiyari aur hathiyaron key prabhaavon kii jaanch kii. kahaa jaataa haye kii americi raksha khufiya agency koo vishvaas hoe gayaa thaa kii soviyat sangh ney pareekshan sthal parr sthit ack chhote seey shodh kendra mein ack vishal beam hathiyar station kaa nirmaan kiya thaa. 
yeh chhota shodh kendra, jise raksha vibhaag ney nuts (sambhaavit paramanu bhoomigat pareekshan sthal) aur see. aaee. aeye. yuu. aar. dee. aff-3 (agyaat anusandhaan aur vikas suvidha-3) key roop mein jaanaa thaa, americi paryavekshakon key liye bahut ruchi kaa vishay thaa. 1991 mein soviyat sangh key patan key baad, yeh pataa chalaa kii rahasyamay yuu. aar. dee. aff.-3 koo america key nerve key samaan ack paramanu taapiya rockett parr shodh karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa.
29 agast 1991 koo kajakh soviyat samajwadi ganarajya key rashtrapati narsultan naazarbaayev ney iss sthal koo bund curr diyaa thaa.
viraasat.
soviyat sangh ney 1989 mein apana antim pareekshan kiya. 1991 mein soviyat sangh key dhahane key baad, site koo upekshit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. vikhandaniya samagri koo pahaadi surangon mein peechhe chhod diyaa gayaa thaa aur lagbhag asurakshit aur maila saaf karane vaalon, dusht raajyon yaa sambhaavit aatankvaadiyon key liye asurakshit chhed they. 2010 key dashak mein semipalatinsk kii gupt safai koo saarvajanik kiya gayaa thaa.
kuchh parikshanon key baad, radiodharmi samagri abb parityakt kshetra mein bunny rahee, jisamen plutonium kii mahatvapurna matra bhee shamil thee. soviyat sangh key patan key baad seey yeh sabse badaa paramanu suraksha khatron mein seey ack maanaa jaataa thaa kii samagri safai karmchaariyon yaa aatankvaadiyon key haathon mein jaa sakati haye. samasya koo sambodhit karane key liye operation, aanshik roop seey, pareekshan chhed mein vishesh concreet dalna, apashisht plutonium koo baandhane key liye. anya mamalon mein, kshaitij khadaan pareekshan chhed koo seal curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur pravesh dwaar koo dhaka diyaa gayaa thaa. aakhirkaar octuber 2012 mein, kazakh, russie aur americi paramanu vaigyaanikon aur engineeron ney pahaadon kii surangon mein plutonium koo surakshit karane key liye ack gupt 17-varsheeya, $150 million key operation key puuraa honey kaa jashn manaaya.
2014 seey sts key badey hisse khul gaye hain, aur aarthik gatividhi phir seey shuru hoe gaee haih jyaadaatar khanan, lekin krishi aur paryatan bhee. radiodharmita seey prabhaavit anya kshetron kii tarah, maanav hastakshep kii kamee ney sts koo vanyajeevon key liye ack aashray sthal banaa diyaa haye.
koyan, kazakhstan key bheetar key loga vikiran seey prabhaavit hue hain aur vikiran key kaaran honey vaali beemariyon seey peedit hue hain jaise aspas key anya kshetron mein huaa haye. haalaanki, anya samudaayon key vipareet, koyan key kuchh nagrikon ney iss tathya key ird-gird ack pehchaan banaai haye. kuchh ney khud koo maanav kii ack naee nasl, ack kadam-oopar vikas bhee maanaa haye. jaisa kii way ise samajhate hain, way utparivarti hain joe badey hue hain aur apane ghar mein maujood vikiran key anukool hoe gaye hain. unaki aankho mein, havaa aur bhojan jaharile hain, aur loga iska sevan karate hain aur phir bhee jeevit rahate hain. iss prakaar, unhein vikiran key anukool honah chaahiye aur yahee kaaran haye kii loga kewal 'thode beemar' hoe jaate hain. way yeh bhee maanane lagey hain kii way vikiran key itane aadee hain kii unake shareer koo isaki aavashyakta hoti haye. yeh vishvaas iss tathya seey utpann huaa haye kii shahar seey door chaley gaye kaee vyaktiyon kii dou saal key bheetar mrityu hoe gaee. jaise, kuchh logon key liye peechhe chhod diyaa gayaa, aisaa lagata haye kii vikiran kii kamee ney unhein maar daala. isase unake iss vishvaas koo aur majbooti millie haye kii way 'radiodharmi utparivarti' hain.
sthaaniya logon kaa yeh bhee maanana haye kii unaki sthiti vigyaan dwara samarthit haye. iska aadhar vyaapak pareekshan-pratibandh-upchaar sangathan (see. tii. bee. tii. oh.) dwara kiya gayaa ack prashikshan abhyaas thaa. abhyaas ack kaalpanik paramanu visfot key ird-gird adharit thaa, isaliye way poorna surakshaatmak upkaran pahankar aae. koyan key nagrikon ney ise dekhaa lekin unhein 'abhyaas' kii sthiti key baare mein yaa baahari logon kii upasthiti key kaaran key baare mein soochit naheen kiya gayaa. jaise kii nagrikon ney maanaa kii ajnabiyon koo apane samudaay key aspas key kshetra mein pravesh karane key liye surakshaatmak upkaran pahanane padate hain, jabaki unhein, nivaasiyon koo, koee aavashyakta naheen thee. isase unake iss vishvaas koo aur majbooti millie kii way radiodharmi utparivarti honey chaahiye kyonki anya logon koo apane ghar key bheetar maujood rahane key liye suraksha kii aavashyakta prateet hoti haye.
paramanu virodhi andolan.
kazakhstan mein paramanu virodhi andolan, "nevada semipalatinsk", 1989 mein gathit kiya gayaa thaa aur poorv soviyat sangh mein pahale pramukh paramanu virodhi andolanon mein seey ack thaa. iska netritva lekhak olzas sulemenov ney kiya thaa aur hajaaron logon koo isake virodh aur abhiyaanon kii or aakarshit kiya, jisake kaaran antatah 1991 mein semipalatinsk mein paramanu pareekshan sthal koo bund curr diyaa gayaa.
unesco key anusaar, nevada-semipalatinsak ney "paramanu khatron key khilaf ladane kii aavashyakta" kii saarvajanik samajh koo badhaava dene mein sakaratmak bhoomika nibhai. iss andolan koo vaishvik samarthan milaa aur yeh "vaishvik paaristhitik samasyaon kaa samadhan khojane mein ack vaastavik aitihaasik kaarak" bunn gayaa.
swaasthya parr prabhaav.
cambridge mein kiye gaye adhyayanon mein chaalees alag-alag parivaaron key rakt key namoone liye gaye joe kazakhstan key ack jile mein rahate they joe seedhe soviyat bumm parikshanon seey uchch star parr ujagar hue they. inn adhyayanon ney nishkarsh nikala kii joe vyakti 1949 aur 1956 key beach girawat key sampark mein aae they, unake dna key laghu upgrah kshetron mein utparivartan mein lagbhag 80 pratishat kii vriddhi hui thee. inn vyaktiyon key bachchon key niyantran samkakshon kii tulanaa mein unake laghu-upgrah kshetron mein 50 pratishat adhik utparivartan they. 
kuchh swaasthya vaigyaanik abhee bhee nishchit naheen hain kii roganu utparivartan kaa vyaktiyon key swaasthya key liye kyaa arth haye, lekin iss baat key badhate pramaan hain kii yeye utparivartan hriday rogon jaisi kuchh beemariyon key liye aanuvanshik pravritti koo badhaa sakate hain. iss baat key bhee pramaan mille hain kii dee. aine. aeye. utparivartan darr key badhe hue star lambe samay taka sahsambaddh hain. 
vikiran kaa sampark. 
40 saal kii avadhi mein kiye gaye ack anudairdhya adhyayan mein vikiran key prabhaav key sampark aur thhos tumour key prasaar key beach ack sahsambandh paaya gayaa. thhos tumour key liye sabse adhik baar honey vaale sthal annapranali, pett, fefde, stun aur yakrit they. ack niyantran samooh kii tulanaa mein inn sthalon mein vyaapaktaa mein saankhyikiya roop seey mahatvapurna vriddhi paaee gaee. haalaanki kuchh shaaririk sthalon kii sankhya mein koee mahatvapurna antar naheen thaah garbhashay grieva, gurda, malashay aur agnyashay. adhyayan key aankadon seey pataa chalata haye kii jokhim kii lambai aur raashi key beach samagr aur cancer mrityu darr key beach ack sambandh haye. phir bhee vikiran key sampark key star aur prabhaav key beach sambandh abhee bhee charcha key liye haye.
vikiran key sampark kaa puuraa prabhaav soviyat adhikaariyon dwara kaee varshon taka chhipaaye rakhaa gayaa thaa. jaba seey yeh bund thaa taba seey site parr kiye gaye swaasthya adhyayanon kii samanya sahamati yeh haye kii paramanu pareekshan seey radiodharmi girawat kaa lagbhag 200,000 sthaaniya nivaasiyon key swaasthya parr seedha prabhaav padaa. vishesh roop seey, vaigyaanikon ney vibhinn prakaar key cancer kii uchch darr koo vikiran key baad key prabhaavon seey jodaa haye. isi tarah, kaee adhyayanon ney vikiran key sampark aur thyroid asaamaanyataon key beach sambandh kaa pataa lagaaya haye.
2010 mein ack bee. bee. see. karyakram ney daavaa kiya kii sabse adhik prabhaavit sthaanon mein paida hue bees bachchon mein seey ack aanuvanshik doshon seey grast thaa. british film nirmaata anty butts ney apani 2010 kii film 'after dha apocalypse' mein kuchh aanuvanshik swaasthya prabhaavon kaa dastavejikaran kiya.
haal hii mein ack avargeekrit see. aaee. aeye. report 1955 mein semipalatinsk key paas ack paramanu pareekshan key tatkaal prabhaavon kaa pratyaksh gawah vivaran pradaan karati haye. iss report mein, ack srot joe navambar 1955 mein ack soviyat thermonuclear pareekshan key aspas thaa, sunavaai key nuksan kaa anubhav karane kaa varnan kartaa haye...dabaav key saath crack karna "jaise kii" havaa futt rahee thee ", aur jameen hill rahee thee.
manavshastriya adhyayan seey praapt nasleeya detta una aabaadi key kuchh anoothe drishtikon kaa vivaran detaa haye joe prabhaavit hain aur abhee bhee vikiran key sampark key kshetra mein rahate hain joe una aabaadi koo apani paristhitiyon aur suraksha jaisi avadhaaranaon kii javic vyaktiparakta aur vikiran seey abhee bhee prabhaavit kshetra key bheetar unake astitva koo samajhane kii anumati detaa haye.
kendriya asiai paramanu hathiyar mukt kshetra sandhi parr hastakshar karane kaa sthaan.
semipalatinsak vaha sthal thaa jahan kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, tajikistan, turkmenistan aur uzbekistan ney 8 sitambar 2006 koo kendriya asiai paramanu hathiyar mukt kshetra parr hastakshar karane key liye chunaa, joe pareekshan sthal key samaapan kii 15 veen varshgaanth kaa bhee smaran kartaa haye.
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
2014 kii film "ispatini" kuchh sthaaniya nivaasiyon key drishtikon seey pahale soviyat paramanu pareekshan kaa ack kaalpanik vivaran haye.