
grapheriors school

grapheriors school ack kaalpanik angreji saarvajanik vidyalaya haye jiska upayog lekhak charles hamilton dwara kahaaniyon kii lambe samay seey chala rahee shrinkhala mein ack setting key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, jinhone frank richard key upnaam key tahat likhaa thaa. haalaanki kahaaniyan hataane (yaa nichale chauthe roop) parr kendrit hain, jiska sabse prasiddh chhaatr billy bunter thaa, anya paatron koo bhee niyamit roop seey chitrit kiya jaataa haye.
grapheriors kahaaniyon mein samay jumm jaataa haye; haalaanki paathak rituon key gujarane koo dekhta haye, paatron kii umr naheen badalati haye aur way usee varsh key samoohon mein rahate hain. 
1908 seey 1940 taka, kahaaniyan kull 1,683 saptahik ankon mein "dha magnet" mein dikhaai deen. 1940 key baad, 1961 mein hamilton kii mrityu taka kahaaniyan pustak key roop mein dikhaai detee raheen. "billy bunter off grapheriors school" koo 19 farwari 1951 seey 22 julaai 1961 taka ack bee. bee. see. television shrinkhala key roop mein prasaarit kiya gayaa thaa. 1939 seey 1958 taka ack comic strip "nockout" (frank minit dwara kheenchi gaee) mein prakaashit hui thee, aur phir vibhinn anya kalakaron dwara kheenchi gaee thee jaba taka kii "nockout" "valient" key saath vilay naheen hoe gayaa, jisamen comic strips 23 farwari 1963 seey 16 octuber 1976 taka dikhaai detee raheen.
sthaan.
grapheriors school dakshin-poorv ingland kent county mein sthit haye. school kaalpanik nadee saark parr sthit haye, joe paas key gaanv friardale key oopar kii or aur courtfield key bajar shahar key neeche kii or haye. yeh tata key paas haih pegg key machhali pakadane vaale gaanv koo ack meal (1.6 kimmy) key bheetar bataaya gayaa haye. paas mein dou anya saarvajanik vidyalaya hain, cliff house girls school aur hycliffe. door lantham aur wapshot key shahar hain.
sangathan.
iss vidyalaya mein saat roop hotey hain, joe ayu samoohon parr adharit hotey hain. pratyek roop kaa apana roop master hotaa haye, joe adhikansh sabak letaa haye. visheshagya parasnatakon kaa upayog french, khel aur ganit key liye kiya jaataa haye.
pradhanadhyapak ack pramukh prefect kii niyukti kartaa haye, joe anya prefects kaa netritva karane aur school anushasana key mamalon mein headmaster kaa samarthan karane key liye jimmedaar hotaa haye. ack school kaptan bhee haye, joe school khelon kaa pramukh haye. school key kaptan koo school key sabhi sadasyon key loktaantrik vote seey chunaa jaataa haye. adhikansh kahaaniyon mein, donon padon parr george bernard winget they. isi tarah, pratyek form mein ack haid boy hotaa haye, jise form master dwara niyukt kiya jaataa haye aur ack form kaptan hotaa haye, jise form dwara chunaa jaataa haye.
asamanya roop seey, vaastavik jeevan key saarvajanik vidyaalayon aur unake kaalpanik samkakshon donon key sandarbh mein, grapheriors school mein ack ghar pranali naheen haye. praarambhik chumbak kahaaniyon mein, isane lekhak key liye ack samasya paida kii kii antar-grih pratidvandvita kaee kaalpanik schooly kahaaniyon mein kathaanak sanghrshon kaa ack upayogi srot haye. isaki bharpai key liye, frank richard ney grapheriors (nichala chautha, chautha aur oopari chautha) mein samaan ayu samoohon key teen alag-alag roopon key saath-saath padosi hycliffe school mein pratidvandi paatron kaa nirmaan kiya. jaise-jaise kahaaniyan vikasit hoti gaeen, vaha samay aataa jaba kathaanak key sangharsh swabhavik roop seey una sookshm roop seey vistrit paatron seey utpann hotey joe varshon seey saamane aae they.
school kii dekhrekh ack board off governors dwara kii jaati haye, jisake sadasyon mein alp-swabhaav vaale sthaaniya bhoomi malik, surr hilton popper, saath hii curnell wharton aur mejar cherry shamil hain, donon grapheriors mein pramukh paatron key rishtedaar (nichale chauthe) roop koo hataa dete hain.
ladke dinn kaa adhikansh samay kaksha mein, yaa apane khaali samay mein yaa tou ack samanya kamare mein, khel key maidanon mein, yaa saajha adhyayan mein bitaate hain; way saajha chhatravason mein sote hain. nashta aur dopahar kaa bhojan sampradayik roop seey liya jaataa haye. holl mein ack mamuli uchch chaay bhee pradaan kii jaati haye (jise apmaanjanak roop seey "darwaaje aur dishwater" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye), lekin adhikansh ladke apani padhaai mein apani vyavastha karna pasand karate hain, dhana kii anumati dete hain.
naitikta.
jabaki guru swabhavik roop seey shaikshik mamalon parr jore dete hain, chhatron (aur pathakon) key liye yeh shaaririk gatividhiyaan hain joe school key moolyon key kendra mein hain. khel mein kaushal lokpriyata aur sammaan kaa sabse achchha maarg haye, jabaki adhyayan mein adhik praapti cumm, yadi nakaratmak naheen, tou mahatva kii baat haye. vivaadon koo aksar jhagadon dwara nipataaya jaataa haye, jisamen aparivartaniya, yadi avaastavik haye, tou parinam haye kii sadgun burai parr jeet hassil kartaa haye. shaaririk dund kaa vyaapak roop seey maalikon dwara aur chhathe roop key prefects dwara upayog kiya jaataa haye. antim sajaa, nishkasana seey cumm, sant pradhaan shikshak, dow. loke dwara prashaasit ack berching haye. cumm dund panktiyaan hain (shaastriya lekhak virgil dwara ack lattin paath seey sou panktiyon kii nakal karna), yaa puraane roopon key beach vaastav mein gambhir ullanghan key liye ack "pustak" (virgil dwara ack poorna lattin paath kii nakal karna, joe 952 panktiyon taka hoe sakata haye). ack sajaa kaksh ("panni") bhee haye, jiska upayog durlabh aur vishesh roop seey gambhir mamalon mein, ack aparaadhi koo kaee dinon taka ekant karawas mein rakhane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
shally aur vishay.
hamilton kii lekhan shally kii tulanaa unake samkaaleen pee. jee. wodehouse seey kii gaee haye. ack halki aur vishisht gadya shally ack majboot haasya tatva aur dridhata seey kheenche gaye paatron key ack badey samooh key saath judati haye. hamilton dwara apane lekhan currier mein nirmit samagri kii asadharan matra ney paatron aur sthaanon donon koo bahut gaharaai seey vikasit karane kii anumati dee.
samkaaleen jeevan aur vyangya kii tippaniyan hamilton key kaam mein paaee jaati hain, aur vaha aksar apane paatron kaa upayog vyangyaatmak binduon koo bataane key liye mukhpatra key roop mein karate hainh
vishesh roop seey, unhein vyavsaayon yaa dhong key liye bahut cumm sammaan thaa, aur rajneta, vakeel aur stock broker niyamit roop seey unake sanaki gadya key teevra anta mein hotey hain.
grapheriors kahaaniyon mein samay jumm jaataa haye; haalaanki paathak rituon key gujarane koo dekhta haye, paatron kii umr naheen badalati haye aur chhaatr usee varsh key samoohon mein rahate hain. 
kahaaniyon kii shally varshon seey vikasit hui haye. pahale dashak key liye, kahaaniyan poorna episode honey kii pravritti rakhti theen. yeh ack vikas kaal bhee thaa jisamen lekhak ney apani shally sthaapit kii. 1920 key dashak key dauran, praarup dheere-dheere dharavahikon mein badal gayaa; yeh charitra vikas kii avadhi bhee thee jisamen paatron key kaee badey kalakaron koo apani kahani dee gaee thee. kaee tippanikar iss baat seey sahmat hain kii grapheriors kahaaniyon kaa "swarn yug" 1930 seey 1934 kii avadhi mein thaa, jaba kathaanak aur madhur haasya kaa maanak apane charam parr pahunch gayaa thaa; jabaki 1934 key baad, kathaanak nirmaan kaa uchch maanak jaari rhaa, lekin kathaanak aur vishayon koo teji seey dohraya gayaa.
hamilton key kaam ney aalochana koo aakarshit kiya haye, vishesh roop seey 1940 mein "kshitij" patrika mein prakaashit ack nibandh mein george orwell seey. orwell ney hamilton kii shally koo aasaani seey anukaran (vaikalpik lekhakon koo suvidha dene key liye), saahityik chori karane vaale aur badey paimaane parr uthale dakshinpanthi samagri key roop mein varnit kiya. unhone yeh bhee avishvaas vyakt kiya kii 30 varshon kii kahaaniyan usee vyakti dwara likhi jaa sakati theen. unake nibandh kaa mukhya ansh, joe hamilton seey ack majboot pratikriya koo ukasaane key liye thaa, neeche punah prastut kiya gayaa haye.
iss aalochana key liye hamilton kii pratikriya koo usee patrika mein prakaashit ack lekh mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen unhone orwell key pratyek bindu kaa khandan kiya thaa.
anya tippanikaron ney iss vichaar koo chunauti dee haye kii hamilton key kaam koo sankeern roop seey dakshinpanthi key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye, joe unake utpaadan key udaharanon kii or dhyaan aakarshit kartaa haye joe majboot swatantra vichaaron koo pradarshit karate hain. varshon seey, hamilton apane yuva darshakon key liye fashion key binaa key karanon koo prasaarit karane key liye hamesha taiyar they, lekin unhone aisaa iss tarah seey kiya jisase vivaad koo aakarshit naheen kiya yaa unaki kahaaniyon key prakaashan koo khatare mein naheen daala. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran poonjeevaad-virodhi, praarambhik samaajvaad, matadhikar andolan aur kartavyanishth virodhiyon sabhi koo hamilton key kaam mein sahanubhutipurna vyavhaar praapt huaa. ack aise yug mein jaba "niger" shabd koo abhee taka usee apmaanjanak arth mein naheen maanaa gayaa thaa joe aaj lagu hotaa haye, hamilton key kaam ney lagaatar 1922 seey hii shabd kii aakramak prakriti parr jore diyaa; aur unake output mein shaahi bhaarat kii prishthabhoomi key khilaf kahaaniyon mein fashion key khilaf british bhaavanaaen bhee shamil theen.
mukhya aavarti paatr.
halanki grapheriors kii duniya mein aavarti paatron kaa puuraa samooh saikadon mein haye, atithi paatron key saath 20 seey cumm aavarti paatron kaa ack chhota samooh adhikansh kahaaniyon koo chalaata haye. nimnalikhit paatron mein seey pratyek 800 seey adhik chumbak kahaaniyon (kull 1,683 kaa lagbhag aadhaa) mein dikhaai detaa haye.
nichala chautha roop (hataa dein).
kahaaniyon mein mukhya paatr nichale chauthe roop mein paae jaate hain, jinhen hataane key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
kathaanak.
grapheriors kahaaniyon key utpaadan kii asadharan matra kaa anivarya roop seey matlab thaa kii kathaanak aur vishayon koo dohraya gayaa thaa, halanki aamtaur parr vibhinn paatron aur upanyaas modon koo shamil kiya jaataa thaa. shuruati varshon mein, iska matlab aksar aisee kahaaniyan hoti theen joe 1-2 muddon mein hull kii jaati theen; lekin 1930 key dashak kii shuruat taka ack shrinkhala aamtaur parr saptahik muddon koo saamane leey jaati thee.
dohare jeevan vaale paatr.
aksar dohraya jaane vaalaa vishay school mein ack nae charitra kaa aagaman shamil haye joe vaha jaisa dikhta haye vaisa naheen haye.
dick lankester 1931 mein grapheriors key chhathe roop mein shamil hoe jaataa haye (chumbak sankhya. 1209 seey 1219) aur turant school mein sabse lokpriya purushon mein seey ack bunn jaataa haih sunder, aasaan aur ack achchha cricketer. haalaanki apane schooly sathiyon key liye agyaat, vaha "jadugar" bhee haye-choron key ack aaparaadhik giroh kaa sadasya joe vishesh roop seey surakshit-patakhon mein kushal haye.
grapheriors prachhann choron key liye ack aadhar key roop mein atyadhik lokpriya hoe jaate hain. courtfield craxman" (chumbak sankhya. 1138 seey 1151) 1930 mein grapheriors karmchaariyon parr rojgar dhundhkar khud koo chhipaata haye; jaisa kii 1931 mein "jimmi dha vann" (magnet nos.1247 seey 1255), aur "slim zim" (magnet number. 1660 seey 1675) 1939 mein. inmein seey dou mamalon mein herbert vernan-smith koo sandeh haye-ack mamle mein vaha sahee saabit hotaa haye, aur parinamswarup khatare mein parh jaataa haye; dusare mamle mein vaha vinashkari roop seey galat haye, mamle mein saunpe gaye gupt jasus parr sandeh kartaa haye aur asli khalnayak seey dosti kartaa haye.
bhaagya key liye pratidvandi.
poorv vishay parr ack bhinnata ack nae ladke kaa aagaman thaa joe ack sthaapit grapheriors charitra kaa gupt dushman nikla. aamtaur parr isamen viraasat parr pratidvandvita shamil hoti haye. ack praarambhik udaaharan 1928 kii "daa costa" shrinkhala (chumbak sankhya) thee. 1059 seey 1067), jaba nae aagaman arther daa costa ney hairi wharton koo ack badey bhaagya seey bedkhal karane key prayaas mein apamaanit karane kaa prayaas kiya. iss kathaanak koo kaee baar dohraya gayaa thaa.
cocker kaa chhota chachera bhaai, edger caffin, joe kahaaniyon mein dikhaai dene vaale sabse apriya paatron mein seey ack haye, 1935 mein school mein aataa haye. 1404 seey 1412) kokar koo nishkaasit karane aur usaki jagah chaachi judie key uttaradhikari key roop mein lene key iraade seey. 1938 mein billy bunter kii baari haye, jaba unake rishtedaar arther carter koo unake pichhale school seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jise ack ameer chaacha dwara viraasat seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. vaha apane chaacha key nae god liye hue uttaradhikari (chumbak sankhya) bunter koo badnam karane key iraade seey grapheriors key paas aataa haye. 1561 seey 1572). inn sabhi kahaaniyon mein, badtamiji seey nae aaney vaale koo aur bhee badtamiji seey vakeel dwara sahaayata aur protsaahan diyaa jaataa haye.
anta mein, 1939 mein, herbert vernan-smith kaa rishtedaar berty vernan school mein aataa haye. vernan dikhane mein vernan-smith key samaan haye, joe grapheriors mein aaney mein vernan key vaastavik uddeshya key prakat honey seey pahale kaee naatakiya sthitiyon koo vikasit karane kii anumati detaa haye.
doppelgangers.
kaee kathanakon mein ack rishtedaar key grapheriors key aagaman shamil hain joe ack maujooda charitra key saath ack aashcharyajanak samaantaa rakhta haye. aamtaur parr, dou doppelganger vipareet charitra prakaar key hotey hain, aur lagaatar ack dusare key liye galat hotey hain, jisase kaee kathaanak sangharsh vikasit hotey hain. oopar ullikhit berty vernan shrinkhala key saath-saath, anya doppelgangers mein billy bunter kii chachera bhaai valley, peater todd kii chachera bhaai alonzo aur hairi wharton kii saapeksh ralf stacy (chumbak sankhya) shamil hain. 1422 seey 1433). stacy shrinkhala, vishesh roop seey, kaee tippanikaron dwara hamilton dwara likhit sabse achchi grapheriors shrinkhalaon mein seey ack key roop mein mulyankan kiya gayaa haye.
vidrohi hataa dete hain.
hataane mein kaee swabhavik roop seey vidrohi paatr shamil they aur kaee kathanakon ney iska puuraa fayda uthaaya. ack vishisht kahani mein anyaay yaa atyachar kaa kaary shamil hotaa haye jisake parinamswarup kanishth adhikaar key khilaf khule vidroh mein badh jaate hain.
pahale udaharanon mein seey ack 1917 kii "jaj jeffries" shrinkhala thee (chumbak sankhya. 501 seey 505), jisamen ack nae pradhaan shikshak, shree jeffries, ack gambhir sajaa shasson sthaapit karate hain, jisase hataane seey unake shasson key khilaf vidroh kaa netritva hotaa haye joe shree jeffries koo poore school dwara baahar nikaal diyaa jaataa haye.
1928 kii "uchch oaks vidroh" shrinkhala (chumbak sankhya. 1043 seey 1049) shree quelch koo dekhta haye, hataane vaalaa master, joe skinner dwara ack durbhavanapurna chaal key madhyam seey school seey anyaaypurna roop seey barkhast kiya gayaa thaa. lord mouleveror key netritva mein aur vittaposhit, grapheriors seey baahar nikalane vaale, hyee oak mein apana school sthaapit karate hain aur unhein jabaran grapheriors koo vaapas karane key kaee prayason key khilaf iska bachaav karate hain.
brender" shrinkhala, 1930 seey (chumbak sankhya. 1169 seey 1174) iss prakaar kii kahani kaa ack vishesh roop seey ullekhaniya udaaharan haye. navagantuk otto vaine tromp ney dow. apane chaacha, shree koo sthaapit karane key liye ack beiman yojana mein sthaan lein. brender, grapheriors key nae pradhanadhyapak key roop mein. isamen, yeh jodee curge mein doobe grapheriors governors key adhyaksh, surr hilton popper kii sahaayata letee haye, joe brender key paise kaa rinee haye. vaine tromp pramukh bunn jaataa haye aur apani sthiti kaa iss hudd taka durupyog kartaa haye kii khule vidroh mein uthanaa aur hataane key maarg mein khud koo avarodhit karna. way antatah school mein anya roopon key paatron dwara shamil hoe jaate hain, jinamen paanchven former aur prefect shamil hain. shree. iss beach, quelch koo brender dwara khariz curr diyaa jaataa haye, lekin school key kaanoonon kaa ahwan kiya jaataa haye joe lambe samay seey barkhast master koo school mein rahane kii anumati dete hain jaba taka kii rajyapalon dwara usaki appeal naheen sunee jaati.
1934 mein, billy bunter koo syaahi (chumbak sankhya) mein shree prout koo chhaanane key liye anyaaypurna roop seey doshi thaharaae jaane key baad nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa. 1374 seey 1382). unake samarthan mein uthanaa aur popper dweep parr ack kileband shivir kaa nirmaan karna, jise way prefects aur anya varishthon dwara kiye gaye kaee hamalon key khilaf safaltapurvak bachaav karate hain.
usee varsh baad mein, ack motor durghatana key baad pradhanadhyapak dow. loke aur kaee varishth prefects koo aspatal mein bharti karaaya jaataa haye. paanchvaan roop master shree prout asthaayi pradhanadhyapak key roop mein padbhar sambhaalate hain aur badmashi karane vaale gerald lauder koo pramukh prefect key roop mein niyukt karate hain; parinamswarup, school mein ack atyachari shasson vikasit hotaa haye. vernan-smith dwara prerit, junier ack gupt samaaj, gupt saat, vaapas ladane key liye banaate hain. halanki gupt saat mein 30 seey adhik sadasya hain, kewal 7, mask pahane hue, kabhi bhee kissy bhee ack samay sakriya sanchaalan mein bhaag lete hue dekhe jaate hain. chumbak ney shrinkhala key dauran kaee jasusi-vishayagat prachaar upahaar diye joe kahaaniyon kii kathaa mein chitrit kiye gaye they.
1937 mein dow. loke key phir seey aksham honey key baad, asthaayi pradhanadhyapak iss baar shale key alokpriya master, mister hacker key paas jaataa haye, jise chhathe roop mein bully arther carney dwara samarthit kiya jaataa haye. parinami atyachar phir seey hataane vaale koo vaapas ladane key liye prerit kartaa haye; iss baar, way school seey baahar nikalate hain aur khud koo tockshop (chumbak sankhya) mein barricade karate hain. 1510 seey 1515).
yatra shrinkhala.
garmiyon aur michael key beach garmiyon kii chhutti key dauran, grapheriors juniyaron koo school seey door kaee romanch parr jaate dekhaa gayaa. aksar, isamen videsh yatra shamil hoti thee.
praarambhik chumbakon ney europe kii kuchh chhoti yaatraaen dekhi, lekin 1922 taka pahali uchit videshi yatra shrinkhala dikhaai naheen dee. chumbak sankhya mein. 768 seey 774 taka junier bobb cherry key chachere bhaai key saath dabey hue hathidant kii talash mein africa kii yatra karate hain. juniyaron ney 1931 mein mister vernan-smith key saath africa kaa daura kiya (chumbak sankhya. 1228 seey 1236).
1926 kii bhaarat shrinkhala mein (chumbak sankhya. 960 seey 970) junier curnell warton key saath bhanipur kii yatra karate hain taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii videshi jasuson kii sajishon key khilaf hurri sinh kii gaddi koo surakshit rakhaa jaae.
1927 mein, junier shree vernan-smith kii nauka (chumbak sankhya) mein dakshin samudra kaa daura karate hain. 1017 seey 1026), kaale peater key khajaane kii talash mein, joe laal rung koo aarthik roop seey swatantra banaa dega. juniyaron ney 1938 mein dakshini samudron parr phir seey nazar daali (chumbak sankhya. 1588 seey 1598)
sabse lambi videshi yatra shrinkhala 1929 mein aaee (chumbak sankhya. 1092 seey 1107), jaba mister fish ney ack school film banaane key liye sanyukt raajya bhar mein junier aur varishthon kii ack party koo hollywood mein leey gaye. haalaanki iss yatra koo school aur maataa-pitaa koo shaikshik key roop mein betch diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin iss yatra kaa praathamik uddeshya vaastavik schooly ladakon koo hollywood daron kaa bhugtan kiye binaa unake saath filmein banaana thaa. junier 1938 mein doosari baar america gaye (magnet nos.1573 seey 1582), iss baar texas gaye, jahan unakaa saamana charles hamilton key ack aur paatr, riyo kidd seey huaa.
1932 kii misra shrinkhala (chumbak sankhya. 1277 seey 1284) billy bunter key romanch kaa anusaran kartaa haye, jisamen lord mouleveror aur prasiddh paanch, europe aur bhoomadhya sagar key paar uttar african registanon (ack sthaan joe pahale 1925 kii sahaara shrinkhala mein dekhaa gayaa thaa) taka shamil hain. khalnayak constantine calizellos dwara unakaa peechha kiya jaataa haye, joe aashvast hotaa haye kii schooly ladakon koo ack shandar khoye hue ratna key thikaane kaa pataa haye. lekhak charles hamilton ney kabhi misra kaa daura naheen kiya, aur iss shrinkhala key kaee vivaranon aur drishyon kii pramanikta ullekhaniya haye. vishesh roop seey, dou misriyon, karodpati hilmi maraudi aur nichali jaati key maargdarshak, hassan dha dragon key charitra chitran ney prashansa praapt kii haye. inn kahaaniyon koo dwiteeya vishva yuddh seey pahale schooly ladakon key apane pustakalayon mein aanshik roop seey punarmudran kiya gayaa thaa aur phir 1970 key dashak mein senaa dwara phir seey mudrit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin donon ney shrinkhala key nishkarsh koo chhod diyaa.
1930 kii chean shrinkhala doorasth cheeni mandarin taang wang dwara prerit, junier, una fefde koo hataane key saath shuru hoti haye. billy bunter, prasiddh paanch aur jasus ferrers loke key saath, vaha hangkang aur singapur key raaste chean lautata haye. romanch kii ack shrinkhala saamane aatee haye. lekhak mandarin dwara shaasit ack bahut hii alag chean kii ack jwalant tasveer kheenchata haye-itihas aur pracheen reeti-rivaajon seey samriddh ack rangeen bhoomi.
anya kathaaon mein.
grapheriors, aur isake kuchh (taba taka) poorv chhaatr, mein dikhaai diye.
george harbinger gavin lyle dwara likhit "dha secret sevak" mein ack kaalpanik sivil sevak hain. vaha charles hamilton kii shally mein bhasha kaa upayog karane vaale yuddh sandhi sadasya raajyon kii khufiya sevaaon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jaise kii britten mein apane agents koo ingit karane key liye "cads aur rotter", aur unake vibhinn mukhyalayon koo ingit karane key liye "grapheriors" (vishesh roop seey upgrah raajyon kii sevaaon kii gatividhiyon key roop mein lubianca bhawan koo kgb dwara nirdeshit maanaa jaataa haye).

