
arawali renz

arawali shrinkhala (jise arawali bhee kahaa jaataa haye) uttar-paschimi bhaarat mein ack parvat shrinkhala haye, joe lagbhag dakshin-paschim disha mein chalati haye, dilli key paas seey shuru hoti haye, dakshini hariyana, rajsthan seey gujarati haye aur ahmadabad gujaraat mein samaapt hoti haye. sabse oonchi choti mount aboo parr sthit guru shikhar haye. arawali shrinkhala yakinan prithvi parr sabse purani bhoogarbhiya visheshta haye, jisaki utpatti proterozoic yug mein hui haye.
arawali shrinkhala praakritik sansadhanon seey samriddh haye aur paschimi registan key vikas kii jaanch key roop mein kaary karati haye.
vyutpatti.
arawali, "aaraa" aur "vallie" kii jadon seey ack mishrit sanskrit shabd, jiska shaabdik arth haye "chotiyon kii rekha".
praakritik itihas.
bhoovigyaan.
arawali shrinkhala, pracheen pahaadon kii ack ksharan shrinkhala, bhaarat mein modd pahaadon kii sabse purani shrinkhala maani jaati haye. arawali shrinkhala kaa praakritik itihas usa samay kaa haye jaba bhaaratiya plate koo ack mahasagar dwara eurasian plate seey alag kiya gayaa thaa. uttar-paschim bhaarat mein proterozoic arawali-dilli orogenic belt ghatak bhaagon key sandarbh mein mesozoic-senozoic yug (phenerozoic) key yuva himalayi-prakaar key orogenic belt key samaan haye aur aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii yeh ghatnaaon key ack nikat-krambaddh willson supercontinental chakr seey gujra haye. yeh seema arawali-dilli orojan naamak ack poorv-cambrian ghatana mein badhee. arawali renz bhaaratiya praaydweep key uttar-paschimi bhaag mein sthit ack poorvottar-dakshin-paschim pravan orogenic belt haye. yeh bhaaratiya dhaal kaa hissa haye joe cretonic takkaron kii ack shrinkhala seey banaa haye. pracheen kaal mein, arawali bahut oonche they, lekin taba seey laakhon varshon key mausam seey lagbhag poori tarah seey kharaab hoe gaye hain, jabaki himalaya, yuva modd vaale pahaad, abhee bhee lagaatar badh rahey hain. arawali ney unake neeche prithvi kii parat mein vivartanik plates key kaaran oopar kii or badhane vaale dabaav key kaaran adhik badhana bund curr diyaa haye. arawali shrinkhala pracheen prithvi key dou parat khandon mein shamil hoe jaati haye joe adhik bhaaratiya crayton banaate hain, arawali crayton joe arawali shrinkhala key uttar-paschim mein prithvi kii parat kaa marwar khand haye, aur arawali shrinkhala key dakshin-poorv mein prithvi kii parat kaa bandelkand crayton khand. crayton, joe aam taur parr vivartanik plates key andaruni hisson mein paae jaate hain, mahadvipiya sthalmandal key puraane aur sthir bhaag hain joe mahadweepon key vilay aur daraar key chakr key dauran apekshaakrit aparivartit rahey hain.
isamen proterozoic eoin mein baney dou mukhya anukram hotey hain, metacimentary rock (dabaav aur garmi key tahat binaa pighalane key talchhati chattaanen rupaantarit) aur arawali supergroup aur dilli supergroup key metavolcanic rock (metamorphosed jwalamukhi chattaanen) anukram. yeye dou supergroup archaean bhilwada neesik complexes basement parr sthit hain, joe kii 4 gaa pahale archaean eoin key dauran banaa ack neesik (talchhati yaa agneya chattanon kaa uchch shreni kaa roopaantaran) basement haye. yeh ack ulte besin key roop mein shuru huaa, joe shuru mein lagbhag 2.5 seey 2.0 gaa saal pahale arawali nishkriya daraar key dauran aur phir lagbhag 1.9 seey 1.6 gaa saal pahale dilli sakriya daraar key dauran daraar padaa aur grenitoid tahakhaane mein alag hoe gayaa. yeh ack kathor archaean mahadweep key daraar key saath shuru huaa, jisamen 2-2 gaa key aspas ack kathor archaean mahadweep kii pattidar neesik parisar key saath isake purvi bhaag mein bhilwada aulakojen kaa saha-astitva thaa aur antatah yeh khand key paschim mein sthit rekhakar rekha key saath toot gayaa aur alag hoe gayaa, saath hii saath ack nishkriya mahadvipiya seema kaa vikas huaa, jisamen alag mahadweep key purvi hisse parr ksheen parat parr jamaa honey vaale arawali-jhaarol belt key samudra key neeche talchhat key saath talchhat jamaa hoe gaee, baad mein paschimi kshetra seey dilli dweep chaap (ack prakaar kaa dweepsamuh joe dou parivartit tectonic plates key beach ack abhisari seema key nikat sthit jwalamukhi kii chaap-aakar kii shrinkhala seey banaa thaa) key vriddhi dwara mahadvipiya seema kaa vinash huaa. iss vivartanik plates kii takkar kii ghatana mein takraav kshetra key samanantar mahasagar kii parat key aanshik obduction (ack abhisari plate seema parr mahadvipiya lithosphere parr mahasagariya lithosphere kaa apabhransh) key saath praarambhik dhakka shamil thaa, samtal honah aur antatah renching (jise strike-slip plate fault bhee kahaa jaataa haye, binaa urdhvaadhar gati key takaraane vaali plates kii kshaitij gati). sambaddh mafik agnikrit chattaanen phenerozoic eoin (541-0 million) seey daraar-sambandhit magmatic chattan sanrachanaon key saath mahadvipiya aur mahasagariya tholitic bhoo-rasayan (magnicium aur loha seey bharpur agnikrit chattaanen) donon koo darshaati hain.
arawali-dilli aurogen ack aurogen ghatana haye joe prithvi key lithosphere (parat aur oopari aavaran, jaise arawali aur himalaya fold pahaad) key ack badey sanrachanaatmak viroopan kaa kaaran banati haye, jaba ack mahadvipiya plate koo kuchal diyaa jaataa haye aur parvat shrinkhalaon koo banaane key liye oopar kii or dhakel diyaa jaataa haye, aur isamen saamoohik roop seey aurogenesis naamak bhoogarbhiya prakriyaon kii ack badee shrinkhala shamil hoti haye.
khanij.
archaean tahakhaane ney ack kathor indentor key roop mein kaam kiya thaa joe aurogen kii samagr ways aakar kii jyaamiti koo niyantrit kartaa thaa. kshetra kii shilalekhon seey pataa chalata haye kii arawali kii aadhar chattaanen mewar nees kii hain joe pahale seey maujood sanrachanaon seey uchch shreni kii kshetriya rupantari prakriyaon dwara banaai gaee hain joe mool roop seey praarambhik jeevan roop key saath talchhati chattan theen joe archaean eoin key dauran bunny theen, inmein jeevaashm hotey hain jaise kii harey shaiwal aur jeevashmon mein sinobacteria jaise ekkoshik jeev jaise kii jeevaashm jeevashmon key dauran baney stromatolytic carbonate mahasagar kii chattanon mein. bases metal sulphide ayaskon key talchhati nikas bhandar bhilwada aulakojen mein kaee, lambe, raikhik kshetron key saath badey paimaane parr baney yaa refted arawali mahadvipiya margine mein sthaaniya sandrata kaa utpaadan kiya, jahaan samriddh stromatolic phosphorite bhee baney. arawali pahaadon key vivartanik vikas seey pataa chalata haye kii mewad jeanis chattaanen dilli supergroup prakaar kii chattanon seey aachchhaadit hain jinamen arawali key baad kii ghuspaith bhee hoti haye. dhaatu sulphide ayask dou alag-alag yugon mein baney they, seesa aur jastaa sulphide ayask lagbhag 1.8 gaa saal pahale jeevaashm-proterozoic charan key dauran talchhati chattanon mein baney they. hariyana-dilli mein dilli supergroup chattanon mein jastaa-seesa-tamba sulphide khanijikaran kii vivartanik setting lagbhag ack arab saal pahale mesoproterozoic key dauran hariyana aur rajsthan koo cover karate hue mental plume jwalamukhiya kaarravaai seey bunny thee. arawali supergroup aark bases metal sulphide key dakshini bhaag mein paschimi kinare parr subduction zone key paas aur dakshin-poorv mein back-aark vistaar key kshetron mein utpann hue they. nirantar subduction ney aiss-type (talchhati unmatamorphosed rock), felsic (jwalamukhiya rock), aur pluton (crystallised solidified magma) mein tungsten-tinn khanijikaran kaa utpaadan kiya. isamen rock phosphat, seesa-jastaa-chaandi key khanij bhandar jaise kii zaavar, rikahdev cerpentinite, tailk, pyrophilite, asbestus, appetite, kayanite aur beryl jaisi vyaavsaayik roop seey vyavharya maatraaen shamil hain.
khanan.
arawali renz mein tambe aur anya dhatuon kaa khanan carbon detting key aadhar parr cumm seey cumm 5 veen shatabdi eesaa poorv kaa haye. haal key shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii yahaan pahale seey hii sothi-siswal avadhi key dauran tambe kaa khanan kiya jaa chuka thaa. pracheen kalibangan aur kunal, hariyana bastiyon ney yahaan seey tamba praapt kiya.
bhaugolik visheshataaen.
bhaaratiya crayton mein paanch pramukh crayton shamil hain. crayton mahadvipiya parat kaa hissa hain joe oopari parat seey banaa haye jise platform kahaa jaataa haye aur purani nichali parat jise tahakhaane kii chattaanen kahaa jaataa haye. dhaal ack crayton kaa hissa haye jahan satah parr tahakhaane kii chattaanen nikalati hain aur yeh apekshaakrit sabse purana aur sabse sthir hissa haye joe plate vivartanik dwara binaa kissy roop key banaaya jaataa haye. arawali crayton (marwar-mewad crayton yaa paschimi bhaaratiya crayton) rajsthan key saath-saath paschimi aur dakshini hariyana koo bhee cover kartaa haye. isamen poorv mein mewad crayton aur paschim mein marwar crayton shamil hain. yeh poorv mein mahaan seema dosh, paschim mein thaar registan, uttar mein indo-gangetic jalodh aur dakshin mein soone nadee-narmada nadee-taapti nadee besinon dwara seemit haye. isamen mukhya roop seey quartzite, sangamarmar, pellite, gravac aur vilupt jwalamukhi hain joe arawali-dilli aurogen mein ujagar hain. malani ignius soot bhaarat mein sabse badaa aur duniya mein teesara sabse badaa ignius soot haye. jodhpur mein malani agnikrit suit kii bhoogarbhiya visheshta kii vishishtata ney bhaarat key bhoogarbhiya sarvekshan koo iss sthal koo rashtriya bhoogarbhiya smaarak ghoshit karane key liye prerit kiya.
vivartanik-stratigraphic vikas.
arawali shreni kaa vivartanik-stratigraphic vikaasah
stareekrit vargeekaran.
arawali shreni key stareekrit vargeekaran koo nimnalikhit bhaagon (uttar seey dakshin disha) mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haih
maanav itihas.
arawali shrinkhala maanav itihas key teen vyaapak charanon kaa sthal rahee haye, praarambhik pashan yug mein flint pattharon kaa upayog dekhaa gayaa; madhya pashan yug mein 20,000 bee. pee. seey krishi key liye maveshiyon kaa paalan-poshan dekhaa gayaa; aur 10,000 bee. pee. seey shuru honey vaale pashan yug key baad kalibangan sabhyata, 4,000 saal purani aahar sabhyata aur 2,800 saal purani geneshwar sabhyata kaa vikas dekhaa gayaa.
tosham hills indus sabhyata khadaanen.
tosham pahaadiyon mein pahaadi shrinkhala mein aur usake aspas kaee sindhu ghaati sabhyata sthal hain kyonki yeh kshetra dakshin-paschim hariyana key tambe vaale kshetra aur arawali pahaadi shrinkhala key uttar-poorv rajsthan key antargat aataa haye.
dhaatu vigyaan key kaam aur vyaapaar key liye khanij ayask kii jarooraton key aaee. vee. see. network kii jaanch seey pataa chalata haye kii harappa mein sabse aam prakaar kaa peesane vaalaa patthar dilli quartzite prakaar kaa haye joe kewal dakshini hariyana mein kaliana aur bhiwani jile key makanwas gaanvon key paas arawali renz key sabse paschimi baahari ilaakon mein paaya jaataa haye. quartzite laal-gulabi seey gulabi bhoore rung kaa hotaa haye aur isamen meethe aakar key anaaj kii banaavat key saath patale hematite aur quartz seey bharey fracture hotey hain.
ravinder naath sinh aur banaras hindu vishvavidyalaya kii unaki team ney 2014 aur 2016 key dauran khaanak mein sarkari school key maidan parr sindhu ghaati sabhyata sthal kii vittaposhit khudai kii. unhein jaldi seey paripakva honey vaale hadappa charan kii samagri, mitty key bartan, lapis lajuli, carnelian aur anya key ardh-keemati motee mille. unhein dhaatu sambandhi gatividhiyon key pramaan bhee mille, jaise kii crucible (pighla huaa dhaatu daalane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye), bhatti astar, jaley hue farsh, raakh aur ayask slug. syremic petrography, dhaatu vigyaan, scanning electron microscope (ardh, gair-vinashkari, nanoscale resolution kii satah chhaviyaan), oorjaa-failaav aiks-ray spectroscopy (adaxa aur adaxa gair-vinashkari, gunaatmak aur matratmak tatva sanrachana) aur sancharan electron microscopy (temp, vinashkari vidhi) samagri key vaigyaanik adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii khaanak site parr ivc dhaatu-shramikon dwara basaa huaa thaa joe sthaaniya roop seey khanan kiye gaye polymetallic tinn kaa upayog karate they, aur way tambe aur kansya key saath dhaatu vigyaan key kaam seey bhee parichit they. sabse nichala star sthal poorv-hadappa yug seey laker asthaayi roop seey sothi-siswal sanskriti (4600 eesaa poorv yaa 6600 eesaa poorv) taka kaa haye.
ganeshwar sunari saanskritik parisar.
ganeshwar sunari saanskritik parisar (jee. aiss. see. see.) arawali pahaadi shrinkhala key kshetra mein eesaa poorv teesari sahasrabdi kii bastiyon kaa ack sangrah haye. unamen seey, bhautik sanskriti aur tambe key aujaaron key utpaadan mein samaantaaen hain. way tambe kii khadanon key paas sthit hain.
"jee. aiss. see. see. harappa sanskriti key poorv mein, ahar-banas parisar key uttar-poorv mein, kayatha sanskriti key uttar/uttar paschim mein aur baad mein, oh. see. pee.-tambe key bhandar sthalon (geru rung key mitty key bartanon kii sanskriti-tambe kii bhandar sanskriti) key paschim mein haye. arawali pahaadi shrinkhala key kshetron mein sthit, mukhya roop seey kantali, saabi, sotaa, dohan aur bondi nadiyon key saath, jee. jey. see. see. teesari sahasrabdi eesaa poorv dakshin asia mein sabse badaa tamba utpaadak samudaay haye, jisamen 385 sthal pralekhit hain. jee. aiss. see. see. key puraataatvik sanketkon koo mukhya roop seey rajsthan, bhaarat key jaipur, jhunjhunu aur seekar jilon mein pralekhit kiya gayaa thaa..."
iss kshetra mein paae jaane vaale mitty key bartanon mein cheer-chhitare key bartan aur aarakshit purchy key bartan shamil hain.
jaipur jile kii tehseel coat putali mein dou mukhya prakaar key sthal, ganeshwar aur sunari hain (bhoo nirdeshaankah aine 27°35 '51 ", 76°06' 85" ee).
paryaavaran.
jalavaayu.
dilli aur hariyana mein uttari arawali renz mein aardr uposhnakatibandhiya jalavaayu aur germ ardh-shushk mahadvipiya jalavaayu haye jisamen bahut germ grishmakaal aur apekshaakrit thhandi sardiyaan hoti hain. hisar mein jalavaayu kii mukhya visheshataaen shushkata, atyadhik tapman aur cumm varsha hain. garmiyon key dauran adhikatam dinn kaa tapman alag-alag hotaa haye. sardiyon key dauran, isaki seema 1.5 seey 4 degree celsius key beach hoti haye.
rajsthan mein kendriya arawali renz mein shushk aur shushk jalavaayu haye.
gujaraat mein dakshini arawali renz mein ushnakatibandhiya aardr aur shushk jalavaayu haye.
nadiyaan.
teen pramukh nadiyaan aur unaki sahayak nadiyaan arawali seey bahati hain, arthaat banas aur sahibi nadiyaan joe yamuna kii sahayak nadiyaan hain, saath hii saath luni nadee joe kachch key rann mein bahati haye.
paaristhitiki.
vanyajeev galiyare.
bhaarat kii mahaan hurry deewaar.
"arawali kii mahaan hurry deewaar" gujaraat seey dilli taka arawali renz key saath 1,600 kimmy lambi aur 5 kimmy chaudi harit paaristhitik galiyara haye, ise shivaalik pahaadi shrinkhala seey jodaa jaayega aur iss kshetra mein vann kshetra key punarvaas key liye 10 varshon mein 1.35 arab (135 karod) nae deshi pedh lagaae jaayenge. africa mein sahaara kii badee hurry deewaar key samaan ack avadharana parr lagu kiya jaane key liye, yeh pradooshan key khilaf ack buffer key roop mein kaary karega, jisamen seey 51 pratishat audyogik pradooshan key kaaran, 27 pratishat vaahanon key kaaran, 8 pratishat fasal jalaane key kaaran aur 5 pratishat diwali atishbaji key kaaran hotaa haye.
uttari arawali tendua aur vanyajeev galiyara.
sariska-dilli tendua vanyajeev galiyara yaa uttari arawali tendua vanyajeev galiyara 200 kilometres lamba mahatvapurna jaiv vividhata aur vanyajeev galiyara haye joe rajsthan mein sariska bagh abhayaranya seey dilli riz taka chalata haye.
yeh galiyara bhaaratiya tenduon aur arawali key siyaron key liye ack mahatvapurna nivaas sthaan haye. janwari 2019 mein, bhaaratiya vanyajeev sansthaan ney ghoshana kii kii way pugmark aur trap camers kaa upayog karke tendue aur vanyajeevon kaa sarvekshan karenge, baad mein, tenduon aur siyaron koo radio collar key madhyam seey track kiya jaayega. shahari vikas, vishesh roop seey rajmarg aur railway, joe arawali renz aur kaee sthaanon parr vanyajeev galiyare koo vibhajit karate hain, ack badaa jokhim paida karate hain. arawali key badey hisse kanuni aur shaaririk roop seey asurakshit hain, koee vanyajeev maarg naheen haye aur bahut cumm yaa koee vanyajeev sanrakshan kaary naheen haye jisake parinamswarup janwari 2015 seey janwari 2019 key beach 4 varshon mein 10 seey adhik tenduon kii maut hoe gaee haye.
gurugram-faridabad key hariyana kshetra key arawali pahaadi vanon mein paani kii upalabdhata kii kamee haye, jisake kaaran jangli janwar shayed hii kabhi vahaan dekhe jaate hain. hariyana sarkaar ney havaai sarvekshan key liye drone kaa upayog kiya aur 2018 mein varsha key paani koo sangraheet karane key liye 22 alpakaalik gaddhe khode joe garmiyon key maheenon key dauran sookh gaye. janwari 2019 mein, sarkaar ney paas key gaanvon seey pipelines seey jodkar gaddhe koo barahmasi banaane kii yojana kii ghoshana kii.
maanav gatividhi, jaise kii aniyojit shaharikaran aur pradushankari audyogik sanyantra bhee ack badaa khatra paida karate hain. tendue jaise vanyajeevon kii upasthiti key baare mein sarkari adhikaariyon kii or seey aksar anichha aur incar kiya jaataa haye taaki vann bhoomi kaa dohan kiya jaa sakey aur ghuspaith karane vaale maanav vikas key liye khola jaa sakey.
yeh nivaas sthaan hariyana sarkaar key galat karyon seey gambhir khatare mein haye, jisane 2019 mein panjab bhoomi algaav adhiniyam, 1900 (pee. ell. pee. aeye.) mein sanshodhan paarit kiya thaa. rajyapal ney iss adhiniyam key liye apani manjuri dey dee haye, lekin ise abhee taka hariyana sarkaar dwara adhisoochit naheen kiya gayaa haye, isaliye yeh adhar mein haye aur aadhikarik taur parr kaanoon naheen bunn gayaa haye. iss sanshodhan seey hariyana key praakritik sanrakshan kshetra (aine. see. jee. aiss.) mein 47 pratishat yaa 60,000 ekad kii kamee aaegi, joe 122,113.30 hectare seey ghatkar kewal 64,384.66 hectare reh jaayegi. yeh bhaarat key sarvocch nyayalaya key kaee dishaanirdeshon key saath-saath "aine. see. aar. yojana board" (aine. see. aar. pee. bee.) adhisuchana kaa ullanghan haye jisamen kahaa gayaa haye kii dakshin hariyana kaa mool 122,113.30 hectare paaristhitik roop seey samvedansheel vann ack vann haye, "pramukh praakritik visheshtaen, paryaavaran key prati samvedansheel kshetron key roop mein pahachaani jaati hain, rajsthan, hariyana aur aine. see. tii.-dilli; vann kshetron mein arawali katak kaa vistaar; nadiyaan aur sahayak nadiyaan... hariyana upa-kshetra mein badkhal jheel, suraj kund aur damdama jaisi pramukh jheelen aur jall nikaay. uttari arawali tendue aur vanyajeev galiyare key hisse key roop mein yeh kshetra hariyana mein tenduon key liye ack mahatvapurna nivaas sthaan haye.
dakshini arawali tendua vanyajeev galiyara.
yeh galiyara gujaraat mein sariska aur ranthambore seey kachch rashtriya udyaan aur gir rashtriya udyaan taka chalata haye.
prakriti bhandar.
nimnalikhit rashtriya udyaan, vanyajeev bhandar aur vann arawali renz mein sthit hain.
vanaspati.
arawali shrinkhala mein paryaavaran kii vividhata key saath kaee vann hain.
jeev-jantu.
arawali renz vanyajeevon seey bharpur haye. bhaaratiya vanyajeev sansthaan (doubleu. aaee. aaee.) dwara hariyana key paanch jilon (gudgaon, faridabad, mewat, revaadi aur mahendragarh) koo paar karane vaale 200 varg kilometres kshetra key vanyajeev sarvekshan mein pahali baar 2017 mein 14 prajaatiyan paaee gaeen, jinamen tendue, dhaaridaar lakadbaggha (7 drishya), sunhara siyar (9 drishya, sarvekshan kshetra mein 92 pratishat adhibhog key saath), nilgai (55 drishya), taad kaa sivet (7 drishya), jangli suar (14 drishya), reesus makak (55 drishya), morr (57 drishya) aur bhaaratiya crested saahi (12 drishya) shamil hain. pahale sarvekshan seey protsaahit hocker, vanyajeev vibhaag ney jangli jaanvaron key radio collar tracking sahit poore arawali renz mein vanyajeevon key vyaapak adhyayan aur janganana key liye ack yojana taiyar kii haye. prasiddh tendua aur hyna kaa nivaas sthaan ferozepur jhirka-nooh arawali renz key saath-saath dilli-hariyana seema parr farrukhnagar kshetra mein dilli-hariyana dakshin riz (faridabad-gurugram) key saath haye, jisamen kimp expressway key paas saidpur, lokri aur jhund saraay viran gaanvon mein dekhane kii soochana haye; pataudi seey 7 kimmy door bhukarka; ferozepur jirka kshetra mein pathkori, bhond, mandavar.
chintaaen.
maee 1992 mein, rajsthan aur hariyana mein arawali pahaadiyon key kuchh hisson koo bhaaratiya kaanoonon key paaristhitik roop seey samvedansheel kshetron key khandon key madhyam seey khanan seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa. 2003 mein, bhaarat kii kendra sarkaar ney inn kshetron mein khanan karyon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. 2004 mein, bhaarat kii sarvocch adalat ney arawali renz key adhisoochit kshetron mein khanan parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. maee 2009 mein, sarvocch nyayalaya ney hariyana key faridabad, gudgaon aur mewat jilon mein 448 varg kilometres key kshetra mein khanan parr pratibandh badhaa diyaa, joe arawali renz koo cover kartaa haye.
2013 kii ack report mein arawali renz mein khadanon key astitva aur sthiti koo nirdhaarit karane key liye uchch-resolution cartosat-1 aur liss-iv upgrah imaging kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. guru graam jile mein, arawali pahaadiyon kaa kshetrafal 11,256 hectare haye, jisamen seey 491 (4.36%) hectare mein khadaanen theen, jinamen seey 16 hectare (0.14%) mein baadh kii vajah seey khadaanen chhodi gaeen theen. faridabad aur mewat jilon mein kull 49,300 hectare mein seey lagbhag 3610 hectare khanan udyog kaa hissa they. yeye khadaanen mukhya roop seey bhaarat key aavaasiya aur achal sampatti nirmaan anuprayogon key liye grenite aur sangamarmar kii khadaanen theen. madhya rajsthan kshetra mein, sharma kaa kahana haye kii kuchh khanan kii upasthiti kaa padosi krishi aur paaristhitiki tantra parr sakaratmak aur nakaratmak donon prabhaav padaa haye. varsha-prerit kataav poshak tatvon key saath-saath sambhaavit sandooshak bhee laataa haye.
arthavyavastha.
arawali shrinkhala kaee nadiyon kaa srot kshetra haye, jisake parinamswarup pragaitihasik kaal seey tikaau arthavyavastha key saath maanav bastiyon kaa vikas hotaa haye. dilli mumbai audyogik galiyara pariyojana, paschimi samarpit maal galiyara, mumbai-ahmadabad uchch gati rail galiyara, uttar paschimi railway network, jaipur-kishangarh expressway aur dilli-jaipur expressway, sabhi arawali renz kii lambai key samanantar chalate hain joe ack aarthik badhaava pradaan karate hain.
paryatan.
arawali shrinkhala vanon, vanyajeevon, sanrakshit kshetron, unesco kii viraasat mein soochibaddh kilon, nadiyon aur aitihaasik smarakon kaa ghar haye joe ack badey paryatan udyog koo banaae rakhate hain.
chintaaen.
asangathit shaharikaran seey paryaavaran aur paaristhitiki koo nuksan, paani aur khanijon sahit praakritik sansadhanon kaa atyadhik dohan, khanan, anupachaarit maanav apashisht aur niptan, pradooshan, vann aavaran aur vanyajeev awas kaa nuksan, adhikansh arawali kii asurakshit sthiti aur ack ekikrit arawali prabandhan agency kii kamee chinta key pramukh kaaran hain.

