
nyayadhish 1

nyayadhish 1 nyayadhishon kii pustak kaa pahala adhyaay haye, hibru bible yaa puraane vasiyatname kii saatvin pustak, yahudi dharm aur isai dharm mein ack pavitra paath haye. pahale schlock koo chhodkar, vidvaanon ney lambe samay seey nyayadhishon key adhyaay 1 aur joshua kii pichhali pustak mein adhyaay 13 seey 19 key beach samaantaon koo pahachaana aur unakaa adhyayan kiya haye. donon pracheen israeliyon dwara kenan kii kathit vijay key samaan vivaran pradaan karate hain. nyayadhish 1 aur joshua 15-19 joshua kii pustak key 10vein aur 11vein adhyaayon key bilkul vipareet, joshua kii kamaan key tahat ack sanyukt israeli senaa kii teji seey aur poorna jeet koo chitrit karate hain, vyaktigat israeli janjaatiyon dwara ack dheemi, kramik aur kewal aanshik vijay key dou vivaran prastut karate hain, joe haar seey prabhaavit they.
paath.
yeh adhyaay mool roop seey hibru bhasha mein likhaa gayaa thaa. yeh 36 shlokon mein vibhajit haye.
paath gawah.
hibru mein iss adhyaay key paath vaali kuchh praarambhik paandulipiyaan masoretic paath parampara kii hain, jinamen codex carences (895), aleppo codex (10veen shatabdi) aur codex leningradensis (1008) shamil hain. hibru mein iss adhyaay key kuchh hisson vaale tukade mrit samudra key scroll mein paae gaye they jinamen exzuz (exjudag, aiks 6,4kyujudag?) shamil they.; 50 eesaa poorv) maujooda chhandon key saath 10-12.
koeen greek mein anuvaad kii maujooda pracheen pandulipiyon mein codex vaticanus (bee; sootra _ 1bee; chauthi shatabdi) aur codex alexanderinus (aeye; sootra _ 1aeye; 5veen shatabdi) shamil hain jinhen septuagint key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye (mool roop seey pichhali kuchh shataabdiyon eesaa poorv mein banaaya gayaa thaa). 
vishleshan.
samagri.
avalokan.
nyayadhish 1 bataate hain kii kaise yahudah kii janjaati, jisane baad mein dakshini raajya kii sthaapana kii, ney pahal kii aur kananiyon seey bhoomi parr vijay praapt karane mein sabse safal rahee, jabaki vishesh roop seey una janjaatiyon ney jinhone baad mein uttari raajya israel kaa gathan kiya, kaee viphaltaon kaa anubhav kiya, jisamen kananiyon ney apane shaharon parr israel key hamalon koo peechhe hataaya. nyayadhishon 1 key chhandon mein kanani shaharon kii ack soochi shamil haye joe kanaan koo jeetane key apane prayason mein vibhinn israeli janjaatiyon key sainya abhiyaanon kii viphaltaon aur safaltaon key parinamswarup kabja curr liye gaye they yaa naheen. viphalata key adhikansh mamalon mein, nyayadhish 1 kaa kahana haye kii israeli janjaatiyon ney baad mein kanani logon koo jabaran shram mein daal diyaa. nyayadhishon key anusaar, aur usake baad, israeli devta yahweh ney nyayadhishon mein baad key kleshon koo aanshik roop seey (uttari) israeliyon parr thopa kyonki way kuchh hudd taka narsamhar key adesh key bavjood kanaai jaati koo poori tarah seey samaapt karane mein whiffle rahey. anya janjaatiyon kii tulanaa mein, yahoodiyon koo sarvocch roop seey saksham vijetaon key roop mein chitrit kiya gayaa haye, aur yahaan taka kii jahaan yahudah whiffle hoe jaataa haye, ack bahaana diyaa jaataa haye-rahane vaalon key paas lohe key rath they. isaliye, kaee bibil aalochak iss soochi koo pakshapaatpurna aur aanshik roop seey jaanboojhkar kiye gaye prachaar key roop mein dekhate hain, joe kii ack lekhak dwara kiya gayaa haye joe kii yahudah raajya seey haye.
janjaatiyon kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye.
soochi kii ack dilchasp visheshta yeh haye kii isamen gyaarah israeli janjaatiyon kaa ullekh haye, arthaat kayin (canites), shimone, yahudah, kaleb, benjamin, manasshe, ephraim, jabooloon, asher, naptali aur daan. gyaarah kaa yeh samooh naa kewal iss paaramparik vichaar key vipareet haye kii israel kii baarah janjaatiyaan theen, balki iss tathya key saath bhee kii kayin aur kaleb koo kabhi bhee yakub key putron key roop mein maanyata naheen dee gaee haye, aur naa hii kissy anya soochi mein dikhaai detaa haye. nyayadhish 1 janjaatiyon kii kull sankhya nirdisht naheen karate hain, naa hii levi (bhumihin pujari varg) kii (aamtaur parr shamil) janjaatiyon kaa ullekh karate hain, naa hii isakar, naa gaad, naa hii ruben. yeh tathya kii recabyte aur jerahmili koo hibru bible mein kaheen aur israeli janjaatiyon key roop mein bhee prastut kiya gayaa haye, max webber ("pracheen yahudi dharm" mein) aur ronald aim jaise vidvaanon key netritva mein. glassman (2017) ney yeh nishkarsh nikala kii janjaatiyon kii ack nishchit sankhya kabhi naheen thee. isake bajaay, iss vichaar koo kii hamesha baarah janjaatiyaan theen, israel key rashtriya sansthaapak mithak kaa hissa maanaa jaanaa chaahieh sankhya 12 ack vaastavik sankhya naheen thee, balki ack aadarsh sankhya thee, jiska nikat purvi sanskritiyon mein dwidashi ganana pranaliyon key saath prateekaatmak mahatva thaa, jisase aadhunik 12-ghante kii ghadee praapt hoti haye.
jerusalam kii vijay.
ack anya asamanya visheshta jerusalam kii vijay haye jaisa kii nyayadhishon mein varnit haih yahudi adoni-bezek koo pakad lete hain aur usey jerusalam leey jaate hain, vahaan sabhi maare gaye they aur shahar koo jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa. isake vipareet, nyayadhish 1:21 mein bataaya gayaa haye kii yarushalam parr vijay praapt naheen kii gaee thee aur isamen "aaj taka" yabusi shamil they (joshua dwara pushti kii gaee). nyayadhishon ney phir seey daavaa kiya kii yeh jebusiyon kaa shahar haye, jisamen koee israeli naheen haye. baad mein 2 saimuel mein, david koo jerusalam koo apani rajdhani banaane key liye jebusiyon seey bhee kabja karna padaa. sadiyon seey, bible key vibhinn isai sanskaranon ney iss samasya koo kaee tarikon seey hull karane kii koshish kii, jisamen yeh bhee shamil thaa kii aayat 8 mein jerusalam parr pahale key safal yahudi hamale kaa ullekh kiya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh kii shahar baad mein jebusiyon key haathon phir seey khou gayaa thaa; yaa vaha aayat 8 kewal ack gherabandi kaa varnan karati haye, naa kii kabja; yaa yeh kii yahudi kewal shahar key nagrik hisse parr kabja curr lete hain, lekin jebusiyon ney antatah david key ise lene taka jerusalam key mahal yaa kille mein pradarshan kiya.
jabaki joshua 5:13-6:27, jericho kii ladaai koo cannon kii vijay mein pratishthit pahali jeet key roop mein varnit kartaa haye, nyayadhish 1 ney jericho kaa ullekh bhee naheen kiya haye, haalaanki kuchh bible anuvaad nyayadhishon 1:16 mein ullikhit "hatheliyon key shahar" kii pehchaan jericho key saath karate hain. phir bhee, yeh aayat yeh sanket naheen detee haye kii shahar parr sainya bull ney kabja curr liya thaa, naa hii yeh pahala shahar haye jiss parr nyayadhishon 1 key anusaar israeliyon ney vijay praapt kii thee, joe agyaat sthaan "bezek" (nyayadhishon 1:4-7) key raajaa adoni-bezek kii haar key saath shuru hotaa haye, jisake baad jerusalam koo kathit roop seey leey liya gayaa thaa aur barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa (nyayadhishon 1:8).
nyayadhishon parr hibru/yunani virodhabhas 1:18.
nyayadhishon 1:18 key hibru masoretic paath (aim. tii.) key anusaar, "aur bhee, yahudah ney apane tata key saath gaaja, aur usake tata key saath askelan, aur usake tata key saath acron leey liya."(king james sanskaran). haalaanki, yunani septuagent (lxx) nyayadhishon koo 1:18 key roop mein prastut kartaa haih "lekin judus koo gaaja, naa usake tata, naa escalone, naa usake tata, naa akeron, naa usake tata, naa azotus aur naa hii usake aspas kii bhoomi viraasat mein naheen millie.'(brenton kaa septuagent anuvaad).
iss virodhabhas ney vidvaanon koo ulajhan mein daal diyaa haye, kyonki yunani paath naa kewal shaharon kii soochi mein ashdod (azotus) koo jodata haye, balki yeh vishesh roop seey iss baat seey incar kartaa haye kii yahudi inn shaharon koo jeet gaye (shaabdik roop seey "viraasat mein"), jabaki hibru paath daavaa kartaa haye kii unhone kiya thaa. haalaanki angreji bible anuvaadon ney aam taur parr yeh kahate hue masoretic paath kaa paalan kiya haye kii yahudi logon ney teen shaharon koo leey liya, kuchh vidvaanon kaa daavaa haye kii yadi inn chaar tateey shaharon key nivaasiyon kii tulanaa agali kavita mein "maidani logon" key saath kii jaani haye, tou yunani sanskaran koo behtar maanaa jaanaa chaahiye, jinhone apane lohe key rathon key kaaran yahudi logon koo khaded diyaa thaa. isaliye septuagent hibru paath koo 'sahee' curr sakata haye, kyonki anya paath sakshya bhee sanket dete hain kii shahar bahut baad taka israeliyon key haath naheen aae they. charles elecott ney nott kiya kii josephus key paas ack alag samadhan thaa, jisamen daavaa kiya gayaa thaa kii "yahoodiyon kii puravashesh" (khand 2, paragraph 4) mein 'askelan aur ashdod koo yuddh mein leey jaaya gayaa thaa, lekin vaha gaaja aur acron bhaag gaye, kyonki maidani ilaakon mein unaki sthiti ney unhein apane rathon kaa upayog karane mein saksham banaaya; phir bhee 3, §1 mein, way kahate hain kii kanadai logon ney askelan aur acron koo "phir seey jeet liya".'
rachana aur aitihaasiktaa.
david aim. gunn (2018) ney nott kiya kii praarambhik yahudi aur isai dubhashiyon ney nyayadhishon parr 1-2 seey bahut cumm dhyaan diyaa, lekin 18veen shatabdi taka, vidvaanon ney joshua aur nyayadhishon kii pustakon key beach visangatiyon koo ack samasya maanana shuru curr diyaa thaa. jabaki joshua 10-11 ney joshua key sanyukt israeliyon koo sabhi kanadai logon koo poori tarah seey nasht karane aur unake sabhi shaharon parr kabja karane yaa nasht karane key roop mein chitrit kiya, nyayadhish 1 inmein seey kaee shaharon koo abhee bhee khade honey aur kanaai logon dwara basey hue honey key roop mein darshaata haye joe aksar safaltapurvak vibhinn israel janjaatiyon koo khaded dete they. udaaharan key liye, voltaire (1776) ney thomas woolston dwara kii gaee pahale kii tippaniyon kaa ahwan karate hue tark diyaa kii yaa tou joshua kii pustak yaa nyayadhishon kii pustak jhoothi honey chaahiye, kyonki 'virodhabhason kii yeh bheed asthir haye.'
george phut moor (1895) ney tark diyaa kii nyayadhish 1 kaa kenan parr israeli vijay kaa vivaran joshua kii tulanaa mein 'bahut adhik aitihaasik moolya kaa' thaa, kyonki bhoomi kaa 'kramik aur aanshik' adheenata baad kii shataabdiyon mein israel aur kanaai itihas key baare mein gyaat harr cheej key anuroop thee, jabaki 'inn shataabdiyon kaa puuraa raajneetik aur dhaarmik itihas samajh mein naheen aataa aggar humm isaki kalpana joshua kii pustak mein varnit kenan kii iss tarah kii vijay key saath karate hain. jee. ernest raait (1946) ney kahaa kii, unake samay mein, paath alochakon kaa aam taur parr maanana thaa kii nyayadhish 1 shayed 10 veen yaa 9 veen shatabdi eesaa poorv mein likhaa gayaa thaa (joshua kii mrityu key baad 1 "pada key saath..."ack saamanjasyapurna sampaadak dwara jodaa gayaa haye") aur 'joshua 15-19 mein bayanon dwara samarthit', jabaki joshua 10 koo bahut baad mein vyavasthaavid (see. eesaa poorv chhathi shatabdi) aur isaliye ise avishvasaniya maanaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki, raait ney tark diyaa kii unake sahyogiyon ney bhee joshua koo bahut aasaani seey "gair-aitihaasik" key roop mein likhaa kyonki unhone "ids1" key chhandon parr dhyaan kendrit kiyaah "nissandeh yeh kahana atishayokti thee kii harr ack nivasi koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa. (...) bayaan koo bhugol mein cumm karein, aur yeh kewal itna daavaa kartaa haye kii joshua negeb aur shefela key saath yahudi pahaadi desh koo leey liya.'unhone moor aur anya vidvaanon parr nyayadhishon kii vishvasaniyata koo adhik saral banaane kaa bhee aarop lagaaya, kyonki yeh aksar khandit, aatm-virodhabhasi hotaa haye, aur joshua aur deuteronomic drishtikon key itane poorna virodhabhas mein naheen hotaa haye jaisa kii aamtaur parr maanaa jaataa haye.'
aeye. gream auld (1998) ney nishkarsh nikala kii nyayadhish 1 ack praarambhik dastavej naheen thaa, balki poore joshua kii pustak mein bikhare hue kaee noton key aadhar parr likhaa gayaa thaa, aur lekhak uttari janjaatiyon key pareshan itihas koo vijay avadhi key dauran unaki viphaltaon key liye jimmedaar thaharaata haye. isi tarah, key. losson young (1995) ney yeh mamla banaaya kii nyayadhish 1 kii rachana joshua 13-19 seey liye gaye paath parr nirbhar thee aur lekhak key apane uddeshyon key liye punah upayog kii gaee theeh 'nyayadhish 1 israel key cannon kii bhoomi parr kabja karane kii prakriya kii kahani koo dohrata haye, phir seey banaata haye aur vistaarit kartaa haye. yeh joshua kii pustak (vishesh roop seey) seey samagri kaa upayog kartaa haye. joshua (ID1) kuchh vistaaron key saath spasht roop seey yahudah kii samanya safalata aur anya israeli janjaatiyon, vishesh roop seey danne kii badhati viphalata koo darshaata haye.'isaliye yuva ney nyayadhishon 1 koo aitihaasik roop seey vishvasaniya key roop mein lene key khilaf agah kiya kyonki yeh joshua 10-11 kii tulanaa mein adhik vishvasaniya lagata haye, kyonki nyayadhish 1 anya israeli janjaatiyon kii keemat parr jaanboojhkar joshua 13-19 kii samagri koo yahudah aur joseph key paksh mein modane key spasht sanket dikhaata haye, aur baad vaale kii viphaltaon koo naitik patan kaa kaaran maanata haye.
sambhaavit yahudi samarthak purvagrah.
maark zvee braitler jaise kuchh vidvaanon ney nishkarsh nikala haye kii nyayadhish 1, joshua 13-19 kaa yahudi samarthak sanshodhan haye, lekin key. losson young ney nott kiya kii nyayadhish 1 mein bhee yahudi kii sookshmata seey aalochana kii gaee haye, aur nyayadhishon kii baaki pustak mein yahudi koo anya sabhi janjaatiyon key samaan nakaratmak tareeke seey chitrit kiya gayaa haye, aur unhein aisaa lagata haye kii nyayadhishon key pahale teen adhyaay pustak key abhinn anga hain jinhen baad key sampadakon dwara jodaa naheen gayaa thaa. gregory tii.key. wong (2005) ney sabhi nyayadhishon mein ack yahudi samarthak vivaad key liye aam taur parr uddhrit sakshya key khilaf ack tark diyaa, lekin sarge frollov (2007) ney apani vyakhyaon kaa khandan karate hue nishkarsh nikaalah 'nyayadhishon kaa praarambhik adhyaay yahudi koo poore israel kii or seey ack safal yuddh prayaas karane mein advitiya roop seey saksham key roop mein prastut kartaa haye...). kull milakar, nyayadhishon key anusaar, juda ack raajneetik ikai key prabhaari honey key liye sarvocch roop seey yogya haye jisamen dusare shabdon mein, israel key rajtantra kii sabhi janjaatiyaan shamil hain. yeh rukh apane badale mein vyavasthaavid raajneetik darshan key anuroop haye, iss vichaar parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii kewal yahudi david rajvansh israel mein shasson karane kaa hakdar haye (2 saimuel 7) aur uttari raajya (jiska mukhya aadhar joseph kaa ghar thaa) koo ack vidrohi praant key roop mein dekhta haye (vishesh roop seey 2 raajaa dekhein 17,21-23).'
shaharon kii soochi.
safalataaen.
yahudah key janjaati ney liyaah
shimone key gotra ney yahoodiyon key saath milkar nasht curr diyaah
joseph kii janjaatiyaan (dou "aadhe janjaatiyon" seey milkarah aphrime kii janjaati aur manasshe kii janjaati) ney liyaah
asafalataaen.
kyonki nivaasiyon key paas "lohe key rath" they, isaliye yahudah kaa janjaati lene mein whiffle rahah
benjamin kii janjaati inn nivaasiyon koo baahar nikaalane mein whiffle raheeh 
manasshe kaa gotra kanani logon koo baahar nikaalane mein whiffle rahah 
aphrime kaa gotra kanani logon koo baahar nikaalane mein asamarth thaah
jabooloon kii janjaati kanani logon koo baahar nikaalane mein asamarth theeh
asher kaa janjaati kanani logon koo baahar nikaalane mein asamarth thaah
naftali kii janjaati mein rahane vaale kanani logon koo baahar nikaalane mein asamarth theeh 
daan kii janjaati amori logon dwara pahaadi desh taka seemit thee aur kabja naheen curr sakeeh