
sapaat sangathan

ack samtal sangathan (jise kshaitij sangathan yaa samtal padanukram key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) ack sangathanaatmak sanrachana haye jisamen karmchaariyon aur adhikaariyon key beach madhyam prabandhan kaa kuchh yaa koee star naheen hotaa haye. ack sangathanaatmak sanrachana ikaaiyon aur usake bheetar kii sthitiyon key vitaran kii prakriti koo sandarbhit karati haye, aur una ikaaiyon aur padon key beach sambandhon kii prakriti koo bhee sandarbhit karati haye. sangathan mein prabandhan key kitane star maujood hain aur kitane niyantran prabandhakon key saath sampann hain, isake aadhar parr lambe aur sapaat sangathan alag-alag hotey hain.
ack atyadhik padaanukramit sangathan koo ack sapaat sangathan mein badalana "vilamb" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
sangathanaatmak sanrachana.
samtal sangathanon mein, pratyek prabandhak dwara seedhe paryavekshit logon kii sankhya badee hoti haye, aur pratyek vyakti key oopar adesh kii shrinkhala mein logon kii sankhya cumm hoti haye. ack samtal sangathan mein ack prabandhak key paas ack lambe sangathan mein ack prabandhak kii tulanaa mein adhik jimmedaari hoti haye kyonki unake turant neeche adhik sankhya mein vyakti hotey hain joe disha, sahaayata aur samarthan parr nirbhar hotey hain. isake alawa, ack sapaat sangathan mein prabandhak varishthon key margadarshan parr cumm bharosa karate hain kyonki prabandhak seey oopar varishthon kii sankhya seemit hoti haye.
laabh.
ghiseli aur johnson key anubhavjanya sakshya seey pataa chalata haye kii sapaat sangathanaatmak sanrachana key parinamswarup sapaat sangathanon mein prabandhakon key paas swatantrata kii matra swaayatta aur aatm-praapti key sandarbh mein unaki kaee jarooraton koo puuraa karati haye. sapaat sangathanon key peechhe kaa vichaar yeh haye kii achchi tarah seey prashikshit shramik adhik utpaadak honge jaba way prabandhan kii kaee paraton dwara bariki seey paryavekshit karane key bajaay nirnay lene kii prakriya mein adhik seedhe shamil honge. deree kii yojanaon kaa uddeshya inn laabhon koo surakshit karna hoe sakata haye, halanki sambhaavit jokhimon mein karmchari key apane prabandhakon mein vishvaas koo cumm karna aur shesh prabandhakon koo adhik dabaav mein rakhna shamil haye.
yeh sanrachana aam taur parr kewal chhote sangathanon yaa badey sangathanon key bheetar vyaktigat ikaaiyon mein sambhav haye. ack mahatvapurna aakar taka pahunchane key baad, sangathan ack suvyavasthit sanrachana koo banaae rakh sakate hain lekin utpaadaktaa koo prabhaavit kiye binaa poori tarah seey ack sapaat prabandhak-seey-karmchari sambandh naheen rakh sakate hain. kuchh vittiya jimmedariyon key liye adhik paaramparik sanrachana kii bhee aavashyakta hoe sakati haye. kissy company koo seva avadhi key aadhar parr vriddhi yaa padonnati naheen deni hogi, balki adhik utpaadaktaa key aadhar parr. kuchh vibhagon koo vetan soochi seey hataane kaa matlab haye paise kii bachat karna.
sapaat sangathan model vikendrikrit nirnay lene kii prakriyaon key madhyam seey karmchari kii bhagidari koo badhaava detaa haye. aadhaarbhut karmchaariyon kii jimmedaari key star koo oopar uthaakar aur madhya prabandhan kii paraton koo samaapt karke, tippaniyan aur pratikriya nirnayon mein shamil sabhi karmiyon taka adhik jaldi pahunchati hain. graahak pratikriya key liye apekshit pratikriya adhik teji seey hoe jaati haye.
australiyai shodhkartaon ney kahaa kii kissy sangathan mein deree seey aakar bhee cumm hoe sakata haih "[aeye] halanki deree mein aakar cumm karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye-kyonki naee samtal sanrachana key bheetar maujooda karmchaariyon kii sthiti koo phir seey paribhaashit karna sambhav haye-donon aksar mell khaate hain.
frank austroff, "kshaitij sangathan" mein, tark dete hain kii kshaitij sanrachana "grahakon koo moolya pradaan karati haye.
swa-prabandhan dall.
sapaat sangathan kaa ack "majboot roop" ack aisaa sangathan haye jisamen "koee bhee madhyam prabandhan naheen" haye. bahut chhote vyavsaayon mein madhyam prabandhakon kii kamee hoe sakati haye kyonki madhya prabandhakon koo kaam parr rakhane koo sahee thaharaane key liye bahut cumm karmchari hain; iss prakaar key sangathan mein, vyavasaay kaa malik yaa mukhya karyakari adhikaari badey sangathanon mein madhyam prabandhakon dwara kiye gaye kuchh karyon koo curr sakata haye.
haalaanki, kuchh sangathan madhyam prabandhakon koo naheen lete hain, bhale hii way badey hoe jaate hain, lekin way behad sapaat rahate hain.
swayam-prabandhan teams vaalaa ack sangathan joe team key oopar ack madhya prabandhak yaa paryavekshak kii aavashyakta key binaa apane swayam key kaam koo vyavasthit kartaa haye, iss model koo mill sakata haye yaa karib seey anuman lagaa sakata haye. jabaki swa-prabandhan teams mein ack prabandhak team key samagr uddeshya yaa lakshya koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye, team usa lakshya koo praapt karane key tarikon koo prabandhit karane key liye swatantra haye. yeh una logon key saath sangharsh kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye jinake currier kii ummeedon mein ack padonnati shamil haye, joe sangathan key bheetar isaki sapaat sanrachana key kaaran upalabdh naheen hoe sakati haye. haalaanki, vaikalpik "kshaitij" carrier maarg upalabdh hoe sakate hain, jaise kii ack bhoomika mein adhik visheshagyata vikasit karna yaa ack shilp mein mahaarat hassil karna, aur/yaa wafadari key liye vetan vriddhi praapt karna.
madhya prabandhakon kii anupasthiti gunavatta ashvasana prakriyaon sahit anivarya kaary prakriyaon koo apanaane aur banaae rakhane seey "naheen" rokti haye. haalaanki, iss tathya key kaaran kii team key sadasyon koo swayam mahatvapurna jimmedaariyaan dee jaati hain, yadi ack team saamoohik roop seey iss vichaar parr pahunchati haye kii vaha jinn prakriyaon kaa paalan curr rahee haye way purani hain, yaa unamen sudhaar kiya jaa sakata haye, tou yeh unhein badalane mein saksham hoe sakata haye. iss tarah key parivartanon key liye, kuchh mamalon mein, karyakari prabandhan aur/yaa grahakon kii manjuri kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye (udaaharan key liye, corporate grahakon key liye bespoke websites kaa utpaadan karane vaali ack digital agency parr vichaar karein). yadi karyakari prabandhan nirnay mein shamil naheen haye, yaa kewal rubber-stamp naheen haye, tou yeh ack team key star parr sarvasammati seey nirnay lene yaa kaaryasthal loktantra kaa ack udaaharan hoe sakata haye-yaa teams key samooh, yadi kaee teemen nirnay mein shamil hain.
swa-prabandhan teams vaali company kaa sabse badaa udaaharan haye, jisamen sthaayi naheen balki dall key netaa bhee ghoomate hain-joe iss tathya kii maanyata mein kii vyaktigat roop seey yogdan karane aur valve mein agrani honey seey ack spectrum banata haye, naa kii dwiaadhaari dwibhajan. aam taur parr ack samooh yogadankarta kaa karyakal adhikatam ack pariyojana parr hotaa haye, jisake baad way (swechha seey) ack vyaktigat yogadankarta honey key liye vaapas ghoomate hain. team key sadasyon koo joe kuchh bhee dilchasp lagey usa parr kaam karane key liye bhee valve kii anumati detaa haye. ise khule aavantan key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur iska matlab haye kii karmchari kissy bhee samay kissy anya team mein jaa sakate hain, koee prashn naheen poochha jaataa haye; ise aasaan banaane key liye sabhi desk pahiyon parr hotey hain. haalaanki, kyonki nae vichaaron key liye mahatvapurna sansadhanon kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye, ack nae vichaar vaale kissy vyakti koo ack naee team banaane aur nae vichaar key phal mein aaney key liye aavashyak "mahatvapurna zana" taka pahunchane key liye apane kaee sahakarmiyon koo unamen shamil honey key liye manaane kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.
valve key saha-sansthaapak ney sweekaar kiya haye kii prabandhakon kii kamee key kaaran aantarik niyantranon kii kamee key kaaran jaldi kharaab nirnay lene mein whiffle rahane key saath samasyaaen hain. pro. cases business school key cliff auswick, jinhone "gair-netritva" key anya udaharanon kaa adhyayan kiya haye, kaa maanana haye kii valve kaam kartaa haye kyonki yeh uchch-kshamata vaale logon koo kaam parr rakhta haye joe netritvaheen vatavaran key liye achche hain, aur kyonki isaki sthaapana shuru seey hii ack sapaat sangathan key roop mein kii gaee thee, taaki nae karmchaariyon koo hamesha pataa hoe kii way kyaa curr rahey they. haalaanki, vaha chetavani dete hain kii sahakarmi-sameeksha-adharit stack ranking system valve karmchari paarishramik nirdhaarit karane key liye upayog kartaa haye, yadi bhavishya mein valve mein nakadi kii kamee hoe jaati haye tou samasyagrast hoe sakata haye.
swa-prabandhan teams vaali companiyon key anya udaharanon mein nimnalikhit shamil hainh
sambandhit vyaavsaayik avadhaaranaaen.
praudyogiki mein, furtile vikas mein badee hudd taka swayam-prabandhan karane vaali teemen shamil hoti hain (halanki furtile vikas kaa abhyaas aamtaur parr ack padaanukramit sangathan key bheetar kiya jaataa haye, jiska arth haye kii kuchh prakaar key nirnay jaise kii bharti, barkhastagi aur vetan vriddhi prabandhakon kaa visheshaadhikaar banaa rahata haye). ack furtile dhaanche mein, team key sadasya swatantra vikalp yaa sarvasammati seey, apane beach kaam karane key liye nirdhaarit karate hain. scrum mein scrum master bhoomika prabandhan kii bhoomika naheen haye, balki ack aisee bhoomika haye jisamen pragati mein baadhaon koo door karane mein madad karna aur yeh sunishchit karna shamil haye kii team key ander aur baahar sabhi pakshon dwara buniyaadi scrum dhaanche kaa paalan kiya jaae-bhoomika key donon pahalu oopar-neeche sookshm prabandhan kii tulanaa mein suvidha key samaan hain. gair-praudyogiki companiyon aur sangathanon mein bhee scrum jaise furtile dhaanche kaa upayog kiya jaanaa shuru hoe gayaa haye.
aalochanaaen.
joe freeman key prasiddh nibandh "sanrachanaaheentaa kaa atyachar" parr adharit clint finley ney tark diyaa haye kii "malikheen" companiyaan jaise kii walve shikayaton key uchit sanchaalan, anaupchaarik guton key gathan, lokpriya karmchaariyon kii "naram shakti", gair-peshevar aur laingikvaadi drishtikon aur kaaryasthal kii vividhata kii kamee seey sambandhit samasyaon seey peedit hoe sakati hain.
sujain jey. becker kaa tark haye kii naee shakti gatishilata ubhar sakati haye joe ack gair-padaanukramit sandarbh dwara pradatt samaantaa koo kamjor karati haye. jaba koee sangathan kissy vyakti kii sthiti koo abb mahatva naheen dene kaa nirnay letaa haye, tou becker sujhaav dete hain kii vyaktitva prakaar, kaushal sett aur sanchaar shally key aadhar parr nae padanukram ubhar sakate hain. yadi inn padanukram koo sweekaar naheen kiya jaataa haye, tou ack nae padanukram key udbhav koo sambodhit karna bahut adhik kathin haye kyonki way antarnihit yaa agyaat rahate hain.
maark henriques, ack vyaavsaayik patrakaar aur sapaat sangathan key aalochak, kaa tark haye kii "jaba aapke paas bahut cumm padanukram hotaa haye, tou nirnay naheen liye jaate hain yaa una karmchaariyon dwara galat tareeke seey naheen liye jaate hain jinake paas anubhav, jawabdehi yaa laapata prabandhakon kaa kaam karane key liye prerana kii kamee hoti haye.

