hetoimaceae

hetoimaceae, atimacia (yoonaanih τοιμασία, "taiyari"), taiyar simhaasan, simhaasan kii taiyari, dusare aaney vaale key taiyar simhaasan yaa simhaasan pracheen duniya kii kalaa mein paae jaane vaale khaali simhaasan key prateekaatmak vishay kaa isai sanskaran haye, jiska arth sadiyon seey badal gayaa haye. pracheen yunan mein yeh devtaon key pramukh zius kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa, aur praarambhik bauddh kalaa mein yeh buddh kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa. praarambhik isai kalaa aur praarambhik madhyayugeen kalaa mein yeh poorv aur paschimi donon churchon mein paaya jaataa haye, aur yaa tou masih, yaa kabhi-kabhi bhagwan pitaa koo trimurti key hisse key roop mein darshaata haye. madhya byzantine kaal mein, lagbhag 1000 seey, yeh adhik vishesh roop seey masih key dusare aaney key liye taiyar simhaasan kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye aaya, jiska arth haye kii yeh purvi roodhivaadi kalaa mein vartamaan taka barkarar haye. 
rupankan mein ack khaali simhaasan aur vibhinn anya prateekaatmak vastuein hoti hain, baad key chitranon mein jaba antariksh swargadooton dwara shraddhanjali dene kii anumati detaa haye. ise aamtaur parr sanrachana kii yojanaon mein kendriya roop seey rakhaa jaataa haye, bahut baar ack goal mein, lekin aamtaur parr sajawat kii yojana mein sabse badaa tatva naheen hotaa haye.
poorv-isai kalaa mein khaali simhaasan.
khaali simhaasan" kaa ack lamba poorv-isai itihas thaa. see key berlin mein ack assyrian raahat. 1243 eesaa poorv mein raajaa tukulti-ninurta koo agni-devta nusku key khaali simhaasan key saamane ghutane tekate hue dikhaaya gayaa haye, joe ack lau key roop mein dikhaai detaa haye. hitaiton ney mrit vyakti kii aatma key liye mahatvapurna mandiron mein simhaasan rakhe, aur attruscans ney dhaarmik daavaton mein mez key sir parr ack khaali seat chhod dee taaki bhagwan company mein shamil hoe sakein. kaee visheshagyon dwara aayojit ack kuchh vivadaspad siddhant, vaacha key israeli sandook, yaa isake oopar karoobon key aakritiyon koo ack khaali simhaasan key roop mein dekhta haye. ack mukut key saath ack simhaasan cumm seey cumm alekjendar dha grate key samay seey pracheen yunani sanskriti mein ack anupasthit samrat key liye ack prateek thaa, jisake devta ney dharmnirpeksh upayog kii anumati dee thee joe pahale zius key liye ack prateek thaa, jahaan simhaasan parr rakhaa gayaa guna zig-zaig garjan kii ack jodee thee. 
praarambhik bauddh kalaa mein masih key samay seey pahale seey ack khaali simhaasan kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, joe aksar ack parasol yaa bodhi pedh key neeche hotaa thaa. paaramparik drishtikon seey, yeh buddh key liye ack vishisht prateek thaa; way buddh koo maanav roop mein chitrit karane seey bachate they, jaise kii praarambhik isai bhagwan pitaa key saath. vaikalpik roop seey, yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii yeye chhaviyaan pramukh teerth sthalon parr vaastavik avashesh-simhaasan kaa pratinidhitva karati hain joe pooja kii vastuein theen. simhaasan mein aksar dharm chakr yaa buddh padchinh jaise prateek key saath-saath ack kushan bhee hotaa haye.
yoonaniyon aur anya pracheen logon kii tarah, romanon ney devtaon key liye anushthaan bhoj (ack anushthaanit "theoxania") aayojit kiya, jisamen vaarshik apulum jovis aur lactisternium shamil they, joe mool roop seey sankat key samay mein ack durlabh ghatana thee, joe pahali baar 399 eesaa poorv mein aayojit kii gaee thee, lekin baad mein bahut adhik aam thee. inke liye ack aasan koo "pulvinus" ("kushan") seey "pulwinar" kahaa jaataa thaa, aur kaee mandiron mein yeye rakhe jaate they; bhoj mein devta kii moortiyaan una parr rakhee jaati theen. circus maximus mein ack pulwinar thaa, jiss parr shuru mein khelon key dauran ack julus key baad devtaon kii moortiyon aur visheshtaon koo rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin augustus ney khud bhee ise kabja curr liya (sambhavatah julius seasure kii nakal karate hue), baithane key liye ack mandir jaisi sanrachana kaa nirmaan kiya. ratnon seey saji maalaa, chitra yaa rajdand aur mukut key saath simhaasan una parr baithe roman kaanoon adalaton mein aur anya jagahon parr anupasthit samrat key adhikaar kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale prateekon mein seey they; yeh roman senate dwara julius seasure koo diye gaye rajtantriya visheshtaon mein seey ack thaa. 
samrat titus key baad key sikkon parr ratnon seey saji maalaa key saath ack seat dekhi jaati haye, aur diocletian key sikkon parr ack helmate key saath ack seat mangal kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. commodus ney club aur herculis key shher kii twacha key saath ack seat dwara pratinidhitva karane kaa vikalp chunaa, jisake saath usane khud koo pahachaana. khaali simhaasan kaa upayog pahale isai samraton dwara shakti key dharmnirpeksh prateek key roop mein kiya jaanaa jaari rhaa, aur yeh sangrodh key mehrab parr dikhaai detaa haye.
baad mein khaali simhaasan key rupankan key gair-isai upayogon mein "bemaa dawat" shamil haye, joe farsi manichaism kaa sabse mahatvapurna vaarshik dawat haye, jaba ack "bemaa" yaa khaali simhaasan upasakon key liye bhojan mein paigambar mani kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. hindu dharm key baali sanskaran mein, adhikansh mandiron mein sabse pramukh tatva "padmasana" yaa "kamal simhaasan" haye, joe sarvocch devta achintya key liye ack khaali simhaasan haye.
ashanti samrajya mein, raajaon key liye adhikaar key prateek key roop mein soney kaa stool istemal kiya jaataa thaa. ise itna pavitra maanaa jaataa thaa kii ise jameen koo chhoone kii anumati naheen thee (lekin kewal ack kambal parr rakhaa gayaa thaa) yaa apane simhaasan parr baithaa huaa thaa.
isai kalaa.
chhavi mein kaee tatva paae jaate hain joe isake badalate arth koo darshaate hain. simhaasan hamesha maujood rahata haye, aur aksar binaa peeth key aur binaa haath key hotaa haye. pracheen yunani mein, ack "thronos" ack vishisht lekin sadharan prakaar kii kursi thee jisamen ack pair kii kursi hoti thee, aur chhavi mein aksar ack pair kii kursi hoti haye. aksar ack pramukh kushan hotaa haye, aur ack kapade koo vibhinn roop seey masih key aavaran (vishesh roop seey jaba shaahi baingani rung kaa hotaa haye) key roop mein vyakhya kii jaati haye yaa ack sudarium simhaasan koo dhaka sakata haye yaa baith sakata haye. simhaasan parr ack mukut hoe sakata haye. aksar ack kitab hoti haye, aksar kushan parr aur kabhi-kabhi khuli hoti haye; yeh kuchh udaharanon mein susamachar kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, aur anya mein jeevan kii kitab, hamesha bund aur apani saat muharon dwara pratishthit, sarvanash kii pustak key baad. lagbhag hamesha ack cross hotaa haye (parishadon kii chhaviyon koo chhodkar), aksar ack crooks ratna, aur baad key udaharanon mein dou crossbar key saath ack pitrisattaatmak cross hotaa haye. kapade koo cross key chaaron or lapeta jaa sakata haye, jaisa kii kaanton kaa mukut hoe sakata haye, joe iss sandarbh mein pahale ack alag rupankan key roop mein dikhaai detaa haye. aisaa lagata haye kii yeh cross key aspas yaa usake oopar ack vijeta kii maalaa key roop mein utpann huaa haye, joe bahut adhik cross imagery mein paae jaane vaale "vijeta key roop mein masih" parr praarambhik jore kaa hissa haye, lekin baad mein ise kaanton key mukut mein parivartit kiya gayaa haye. yeh bhee sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii utkeernit cross rupankan bhee celtic cross kii utpatti thee.
pavitra aatma kaa kabootar maujood hoe sakata haye. baad key sanskaranon mein junoon key dou vaadyayantra, bhaala aur spunge ack chhadi parr, simhaasan key peechhe yaa buggle mein khade hotey hain, yaa swargadooton dwara pakade jaate hain. cross key nakhun aur kaanton key mukut simhaasan parr baith sakate hain, jaisa kii russie icon mein darshaaya gayaa haye. yadi swargadoot yaa pradhaan doot shamil hain tou unhein donon taraf samamit roop seey rakhaa jaataa haye, yaa tou simhaasan kaa saamana karna padata haye yaa baahar kii or munh karna padata haye aur isaki or ishara karna padata haye; yadi koee goal haye tou way isake baahar hoe sakate hain. pahale key chitranon mein anya aakritiyaan simhaasan koo gher sakati hain, udaaharan key liye sant peater aur paul saanta prasede, rome (9veen shatabdi) mein. swargadooton kaa ack vikalp simhaasan key donon or shraddhanjali arpit karate hue vriddhavastha mein aadam aur eev kii aakritiyon koo ghutane tekna haye. yeye kaee badey deewaar-chitron aur mozek mein paae jaate hain, 12 veen shatabdi key torcello cathedral mein mozek, choraa church mein chitra aur 1547 key romenia mein voronet mathh mein chitrit church key baahari hisse seey.
chhavi kaa arth.
yeh chhavi 313 mein milan key shilalekh key baad praarambhik isaaiyon dwara shaahi pratimashastra key kaee pahaluon mein seey ack thee, jaba yeeshu kaa ack maanav aakriti key roop mein chitran, vishesh roop seey kathaa sandarbhon seey alag ack badee aakriti key roop mein, abhee bhee isai dharm key bheetar vivaad kaa vishay thaa. 325 mein nikea kii pahali parishad mein ack khaali simhaasan parr shaahi prateek chinh thaa, joe samrat constantine I kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa jaba vaha maujood naheen thaa. haalaanki kuchh dashakon key bheetar ack khaali simhaasan jiss parr susamachar kii ack pustak thee, jise church parishadon key kaksh mein rakhaa jaa rhaa thaa, jaisa kii 431 mein affaces kii pahali parishad mein thaa. yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii revena mein maximian kaa hathidant kaa simhaasan, joe shayed purvi samrat justinian I kaa ack upahaar thaa, maximian dwara vyaktigat upayog key liye ack simhaasan key roop mein naheen banaaya gayaa thaa, joe uttar itali mein revena key archbishop aur byzantine kshetron key vaaysaraay donon they, lekin shaahi yaa divya shakti kaa prateek honey key liye ack khaali simhaasan key roop mein; iss avadhi mein byzantine imagery kabhi-kabhi donon koo sanyojit karane key liye taiyar thee. ack tulaniya prateek bishap kaa simhaasan haye jisase cathedral apana naam letaa haye, joe jaba taka bishap maujood naheen hotaa haye aur usamen naheen baithata haye, taba taka apane diosis mein apane adhikaar key sthaayi anusmaarak key roop mein kaary kartaa haye.
pahale key sanskaranon mein simhaasan key saath aksar ack cross aur ack scroll yaa pustak hoti haye, joe iss star parr susamachar kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. iss roop mein poori chhavi masih kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, lekin jaba pavitra aatma aur croose kaa kabootar dekhaa jaataa haye, tou simhaasan bhagwan pitaa kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, aur poori chhavi trimurti, ack aisaa vishay haye jise isai kalaa ney kaee shataabdiyon taka seedhe pratinidhitva naheen kiya, kyonki pitaa koo ack maanav aakriti key roop mein dikhaana aapattijanak thaa. tri-shaasakiya "hetoimaceae" kaa ack udaaharan nikea mein chhatrawas key church mein haye. lagbhag 1000 seey chhavi parr "hetoimaceae" sheershak hoe sakata haye, jiska shaabdik arth haye "joe taiyar kiya gayaa haye" yaa "joe taiyar kiya gayaa haye", aur vishesh roop seey "manushya key putra key sanket" aur antim nirnay koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. iss samay taka chhavi aamtaur parr paschim mein kewal seedhe byzantine prabhaav key tahat hoti haye, jaisa kii venis aur torcello mein hotaa haye.
kuchh praarambhik isaaiyon kaa maanana thaa kii sachcha croose chamatkaarik roop seey swarg mein chadh gayaa thaa, jahan yeh antim nirnay parr mahimavan "manushya key putra kaa sanket" banane key liye taiyar rhaa (neeche dekhein). helena dwara kii gaee khoj ney vaastavik cross key bhaagya key roop mein iss drishtikon koo visthaapit curr diyaa thaa, lekin mahimavan cross key antim nirnay parr vaapsee kaa vichaar banaa rhaa, jaisa kii pope leo dha grate (dee. 461), jise roman sankshipt mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
praarambhik udaaharan.
haalaanki yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii anya udaaharan pahale maujood they, sabse pahale jeevit rahane vaalaa isai "hetoimaceae" jeevit rahane key liye church sajawat kii sabse purani pramukh yojana mein haye, rome (432-40) key saanta maria magior mein mozek, jahaan yeh sankeern kendra parr kabja kartaa haye "vijayi mehrab" joe naabhi aur aeye. pee. aiss. koo alag kartaa haye, ack vishisht sthaan haye. ise istriya seey polaa hathidant key taaboot key ack panel parr preriton key julus key saath dikhaaya gayaa haye. abb anya prateekon key saath vishay kii teen visthaapit patthar kii nakkashi iss avadhi mein isai vaastushilp murtikala key shuruati sanketon mein seey hain; way berlin, saine marco, venis aur nicosia, cyprus mein hain. 
kaheen aur yeh ack gumbad key neeche ack badey aakar key aakar key aakar key kendra mein hoe sakata haye, yaa ack gumbad kii chhat mein ack kendriya drishya key chaaron or ack golakar aakar key mukhya aksh parr ack sthiti hoe sakati haye, jaisa kii ravena mein ack isai dharm-grahan (6 veen shatabdi kii shuruat) mein hotaa haye. castelsprio mein yeh vijayi mehrab key aps-side (paschim kii or) key kendra mein sthit haye. sabhi kendriya pada hain, pramukh lekin pramukh naheen hain. ravena mein neon (5veen shatabdi key anta mein) kaa bapatisma aathh chhaviyon key ack golakar gumbad chitra mein baar-baar "hetoimaceae" chhaviyon kaa upayog karane mein asadharan haye, dou prakaar key chaar-chaar baari-baari seey dikhaai dete hainh ack bageeche mein cross key saath ack hetoimaceae aur ack khuli kitab vaali ack vedi, dou kursiyon seey ghiri hui haye.
6 veen shatabdi key "simhaasan-shilalekh" mein, balki crudley nakkashidar alabaster, "sedia dee saine marco", koo 1534 mein saine marco, venis key khajaane mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh kewal ack bishap key saath thodaa saa aakar key saath fitt hoga, aur seat key neeche avasheshon key liye ack badaa dibba haye. hoe sakata haye kii yeh ack "simhaasan-shikshak" yaa ack susamachar pustak key liye vishram sthal key roop mein kaary kartaa hoe, jisase vaastavik roop seey khuli pustakon key saath hetoimaceae chhaviyaan banati hain.
baad mein upayog karein.
madhya byzantine avadhi key dauran atimacia antim nirnay key vikasit vishay kii ack maanak visheshta bunn gaee, joe 11veen shatabdi key baad seey paaee gaee. jaisa kii paschimi sanskaranon mein byzantine chhaviyon seey nikla thaa, yeh kaee staron parr thaa, jisamen sheersh parr masih nirnay mein thaa, aur poorv mein atimacia lagbhag hamesha neeche key star key kendra mein thaa, lekin kabhi-kabhi masih key oopar. yeh buniyaadi leout aaj taka purvi roodhivaadita mein upayog mein rhaa haye, aur church kii divaaron parr aur ack chitrit panel icon key roop mein paaya jaataa haye. atimatia koo aam taur parr paschimi sanskaranon mein chhod diyaa gayaa thaa, sivaay pratyaksh roop seey zantaain prabhaav key tahat karyon key, jaise kii torcello cathedral kii 12 veen shatabdi kii shuruat kii paschimi deewaar. 
ack anya sandarbh jisamen kabhi-kabhi madhya bassentine avadhi seey atimacia dikhaai detaa haye, vaha haye pentecoast, roodhivaadita mein bhee trimurti kaa parv. yahaan pavitra aatma kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale kabootar key saath ack tridaliya etimasia paaya jaa sakata haye, jaisa kii 12 veen shatabdi mein sent maark key paschimi gumbad kii chhat parr mozek mein paaya gayaa haye, venis, jahan kendra mein pustak aur kabootar key saath ack etimasia haye, jisamen baarah prerit baahari kinaaron key chaaron or baithe hain, unake sir parr lapaten hain aur kiranen unhein kendriya simhaasan seey jodati hain. rashtron" kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale aakritiyon key prerit jode key neeche, "tituli" key saath, khidakiyon key beach khade hain. isi tarah kii chhaviyaan chludov salter aur anya jagahon parr paaee jaati hain. haalaanki, iss mamle mein etimasia ack paaramparik rachana kaa hissa naheen bunn gayaa, aur yeh pentecoast key aadhunik prateekon mein naheen paaya jaataa haye.
yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii washington mein zaan vaine ike key "ghoshana" key agrabhag mein ack kushan key saath khaali stool khaali simhaasan kaa sujhaav dey sakata haye; vaine ike charitraatmak roop seey saiddhaantik sandarbhon kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye gharelu fitting kaa upayog kartaa haye.
shaastron key sandarbh.
iss chhavi koo bible seey kaee alag-alag anshon koo darshaane key roop mein maanaa gayaa haye. baad key byzantines key liye "atimacia" maithyu 24:30 kaa "manushya key putra kaa sanket" thaah
"aur taba swarg mein manushya key putra kaa chinh dikhaai degaah aur taba prithvi key sabhi janjaatiyaan shoke manaayengi, aur way manushya key putra koo shakti aur mahaan mahima key saath swarg key baadlon mein aatey dekhenge. dusare aaney key prateek key roop mein chhavi kii samajh bhee bhajan 9:7 parr aakarshit huih "lekin prabhu hamesha key liye rahegaah usane nirnay key liye apana simhaasan taiyar kiya haye. jahan septuagint mein "taiyar" key liye "τοίασεν" ("hetoimassen") hotaa haye. bhajan 89:14: "nyaay aur nyaay aapke simhaasan kaa nivaas sthaan haih dayaa aur satya aapke saamane chaley jaayenge" ack aur praasangik maarg haye, jisamen septuagint mein shabd kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye (raajaa james sanskaran key "nivaas" key bajaay), "τοισία τοθρονο" yaa "aapke simhaasan kii taiyari". simhaasan kii chhavi sabse oopar rahasyodghatan kii pustak mein paaee jaati haye, vishesh roop seey adhyaay 4, haalaanki usamen simhaasan pahale seey hii kabja curr liya gayaa haye.
shabdawali.
yunani kriya τοιμασεν ("hetoimassen") kaa arth haye "taiyar karna" yaa "taiyar karna". yeh dekhaa jaayega kii "hetoimaceae" naam, jiska arth haye "taiyari" yaa "joe taiyar kiya gayaa haye", kewal "simhaasan" (yunani mein "thronos") key saath nihit haye, purvi chhaviyon key liye pahale kii tulanaa mein lagbhag 1000 key baad adhik upayukt haye. donon samoohon key liye naam kaa upayog 19veen shatabdi mein francisi kalaa itihaaskaar paul durand (1867 seey) dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, aur virodh key bavjood atak gayaa haye. adhik aadhunik roodhivaadi sandarbhon mein "atimacia" aur "taiyar simhaasan" kaa upayog aamtaur parr kiya jaataa haye, aur kalaa itihas mein pahale key samooh "hetoimaceae" aur "khaali simhaasan" seey sambandhit haye-vishesh roop seey gair-isai sandarbhon mein jahaan ack adhik vishesh shabd kaa upayog naheen kiya jaataa haye. vibhinn anya lipyantaran aur anuvaad hainh "hetimacia", "simhaasan taiyar kiya gayaa" aadi.
aage padhein.
mukhya saahitya german mein haye-yahaan dee gaee soochi dekhein.

