
geneva mein yahoodiyon kaa itihas

geneva mein yahoodiyon kaa itihas cumm seey cumm madhya yug kaa haye. geneva vartamaan switzerland mein ekmatra sthaan haye jahan yahoodiyon koo ack yahudi basti mein rehna padata thaa (varsh 1420 key aspas). yeh 19veen shatabdi taka naheen thaa jaba yahoodiyon koo sthaapana kii swatantrata dee gaee thee, lekin 18veen shatabdi key anta mein kaee yahudi kairoj mein rahane mein saksham they. aaj, jineva swiss shaharon mein seey ack haye jahan yahudi dharm sabse adhik prachalit haye (besal aur zurich key saath) aur vividh yahudi samudaayon aur pratishthanon kaa ghar haye.
madhya yug.
12veen shatabdi key anta mein geneva mein yahudi basti key pramaan hain, kyonki yahudi oopari gande kii ghaati seey vahaan aae they aur france mein way badey they. 1300 key aspas, geneva mein ack aradhanalaya thaa, jaisa kii lusaane ney kiya thaa.
sroton seey pataa chalata haye kii 1400 key aspas geneva mein 13 yahudi parivaar they. 1420 key dashak mein, yahudi ack yahudi basti mein rahane taka seemit they-switzerland mein maujood ekmatra parivaar. 1490 mein nagar parishad dwara ack nirnay key baad, geneva key pahale yahudi samudaay key anta koo chihnit karate hue, way shatabdi key anta mein visthaapit hoe gaye they.
isake baad, kewal durlabh ghatnaaon ney 19veen shatabdi taka iss kshetra mein yahoodiyon key maarg kaa dastavejikaran kiya.
16veen seey 18veen shatabdi taka.
geneva key madhyam seey venis kii yatra karane vaale yahoodiyon koo pargaman shulk kaa bhugtan karna padata thaa, joe itna cumm hii aavashyak thaa kii unhein pahale nirdhaarit karna padata thaa. yahudi yatra key yeye pramaan 16veen shatabdi key seema shulk dastavejon mein dekhe jaa sakate hain.
1632 mein, upadeshak nicolaus antoine koo yahudi dharm (yahudi reeti-rivaajon key anusaar jeevan) key liye jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
18veen shatabdi key anta mein, burn, freeberg aur neunberg jaise shaharon seey unake nishkasana key baad, kaee yahoodiyon ney kairoj mein sthaayi basti paaee, joe aaj geneva kii ack raajneetik nagarpalika haye. unakaa pravesh kuchh sou nivaasiyon key chhote shahar koo ack shahar mein unnat karane kii sardinian sarkaar kii yojanaon key anuroop thaa aur iss prakaar protestant geneva key pratidvandi they. 1780 kii shuruat mein, kairouge ney alsatian yahoodiyon aur kuchh koo ingland, germany, hangri aur itali seey sweekaar kiya. kewal chuninda peshevar yahoodiyon koo hii pravesh diyaa gayaa thaa. unhein apani dakshata aur vyaavsaayik imandari saabit karni thee. unamen seey landan key joseph abraham jaise nirmaata they, jinhone ghadee key chashme kaa utpaadan kiya, yaa sealing mome key nirmaata livorno seey joseph vigevano.
27 agast 1787 koo, victor-amedi III ney sahishnuta key ack adesh kii ghoshana kii, jisase yahoodiyon koo samanya kaanoon key anuprayog seey laabh uthaane aur pooja kii poorna swatantrata kaa anand lene kii anumati millie, joe europe key itihas mein ack durlabh mamla haye. freemasons key paas apana lodge, protestant kaa apana mandir aur yahoodiyon kaa apana aradhanalaya thaa, saath hii saath vartamaan roo days tyrers dee sable key saath ack sampradayik kabristan (kairoj kaa yahudi kabristan) bhee thaa. 1798 mein, kairoj mein 75 yahudi rahate they.
usa varsh, geneva koo france dwara apane saath jodd liya gayaa thaa. swatantrata, samaantaa aur bandhutva key francisi kaanoon yahoodiyon parr bhee lagu hotey hain. yeh taba badal gayaa jaba 1814 mein vilay samaapt hoe gayaa.
19veen aur 20veen shatabdi.
19veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey, iss kshetra mein adhik seey adhik yahudi samudaay baney, jinamen badala, laa chauks-dee-fonds, yverdon, lusaane aur porentru shamil they. 
1841 mein, yahoodiyon koo geneva key chhaavani mein sthaapana kii swatantrata dee gaee thee. isake turant baad, 1852 mein, communate isrelite dee jenev (sig) kii sthaapana kii gaee. 1856 seey ack baar phir jineva mein ack yahudi kabristan aur aradhanalaya thaa.
1910 mein switzerland kii 55 pratishat yahudi aabaadi key jyurikh, besal aur geneva key beach vibhajit honey key saath, shahari yahudi dharm pramukh hoe gayaa. pichhali shataabdiyon mein, romandi mein kuchh apvaadon key saath, swiss yahoodiyon koo kewal surbatal gaanvon mein nivaas kaa (asthaayi) adhikaar thaa joe anta mein aur lengnau mein thaa.
1920 seey 1930 taka key varshon mein vanshavali mein yahudi-virodhi bhavna mein vriddhi hui. yuddh key dauran, yeh shahar seema seey nikat honey key kaaran taskaron key beach lokpriya thaa, aur kaee yahudi sharanarthiyon koo switzerland mein laaya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, aksar, inn sharanarthiyon koo paaya gayaa aur unhein vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa, aur unhein nishchit roop seey maut kii sajaa sunai gaee.
1933 kii sharad ritu mein naazi-germany seey bhaagne key baad, hannah aarandt ney geneva mein rashtron kii leag mein thode samay key liye kaam kiya. unhone yahudi basane vaalon key liye pravesh veeja jaari karane mein madad kii aur yahudi agency key liye bhaashan likhe.
1936 mein, vishva yahudi congress kii sthaapana geneva mein naazi germany mein utpeedit yahoodiyon key saath ekjutata dikhaane, europe mein yahudi-virodhi aur soviyat sangh mein yahoodiyon key utpeedan kaa mukabala karane aur yahudi samajik aur pravaas neeti kii raajneetik aavashyakta koo badhaava dene key liye ack raajneetik munch key roop mein kii gaee thee.
jaisa kii switzerland ack tatasth kshetra thaa, 1939 mein geneva ney 21veen vishva zionist congress kii mejbani kii, joe pahali baar 1897 mein besal mein aayojit kii gaee thee.
19veen shatabdi key anta mein, geneva mein yahudi dharm mein parivartan kii avadhi hui. alsatian yahoodiyon kii pahali peedhi purvi europe aur roose mein anishchit samajik-aarthik aur raajneetik sthitiyon seey bachane vaale ashkenazi apravasiyon dwara shamil hoe gaee thee. ack anya samooh ottoman samrajya seey aaya thaa. 1916 mein, ack sepharad bhaichare kaa kendra, "group fraternale sefaradi" kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad anya sephardic yahudi madhya poorv seey aae aur upaniveshvaad key unmoolan key baad, uttar african deshon seey aae.
1965 mein sephardic yahoodiyon key samooh koo communit isrelite dee jenev mein shamil karane key baad, jisamen 2009 taka 580 parivaar shamil they, sabhi mukhya dhaarmik rujhaan samudaay mein ekjut they. kewal chhoti roodhivaadi mandali mahasike hadas (joe 1918 mein hangerian yahoodiyon dwara sthaapit agudath achim key baad aaee) swatantra roop seey maujood haye. 1970 key baad seey, samudaay teji seey vividh hoe gayaa haye. liberal israel samooh kii sthaapana 1970 mein hui thee, aur 1980 key dashak key anta mein, samudaay bett chabad, chabad lubawich andolan parr adharit thaa. iss bahulata kii visheshta aaj geneva mein cumm seey cumm saat aradhanalaya aur prarthana kaksh hain. shahar mein dou yahudi baalvaadi, dou yahudi school (girsa aur chabad) aur bujurgon (samlaingik) key liye ack yahudi ghar haye.