andhera ghar

bleak house' charles decance kaa ack upanyaas haye, jise pahali baar march 1852 aur sitambar 1853 key beach 20-episode key dharavahik key roop mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. upanyaas mein kaee paatr aur kaee upa-kathaanak hain, aur ise aanshik roop seey upanyaas kii nayika, esther summerson aur aanshik roop seey ack sarvagya kathakar dwara bataaya gayaa haye. bleak house" key kendra mein, "jardis aur jardis", joe kii ack vasiyatnama dene vaale dwara kaee paraspar virodhi vaseeyaton koo likhane key kaaran aataa haye, kii adalat mein ack lambe samay seey chala rhaa kanuni mamla haye. 1853 key pahale sanskaran kii prastaavana mein, decance ney kahaa kii unake kaalpanik mamle key liye kaee vaastavik udaaharan they. aisaa hii ack shayed "thalson banaam woodford" thaa, jisamen 1797 mein ack vaseeyat kaa chunaav kiya gayaa thaa aur 1859 taka nirdhaarit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. halanki kanuni peshe mein kaee logon ney decance key vyangya kii atishayokti key roop mein aalochana kii, "bleak house" ney ack nyaayik sudhaar andolan kaa samarthan karane mein madad kii joe 1870 key dashak mein kanuni sudhaar key adhiniyam mein samaapt huaa.
kuchh vidwan taba bahas karate hain jaba "bleak house" sett kiya jaataa haye. angreji kanuni itihaaskaar surr villium holdsworth ney 1827 mein kaarravaai kii; haalaanki, adhyaay ell. vee. mein railway key nirmaan kii taiyari key sandarbh seey 1830 key dashak kaa pataa chalata haye.
saransh.
"jardis aur jardis" dou yaa dou seey adhik vaseeyaton aur unake labharthiyon seey sambandhit ack antaheen kanuni mamla haye.
surr leicester didluck aur unaki patni honorrhea chesni wold mein unaki sampatti parr rahate hain. lady didluck ack vaseeyat key tahat ack labharthi haye. parivaar key vakeel shree tulkinhorn dwara ack halafname koo padhate hue, vaha prati parr likhaavat koo pehchaanati haye. drishti usey itna prabhaavit karati haye kii vaha lagbhag behosh hoe jaati haye, jise shree tulkinhorn notice karate hain aur jaanch karate hain. vaha landan mein ack nakal karane vaale kaa pataa lagaata haye, jise kewal "nemo" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. nemo kii haal hii mein mrityu hoe gaee haye, aur usaki pehchaan karane vaalaa ekmatra vyakti ack sadak-safai karane vaalaa haye, joe naam kaa ack garib beghar ladka haye, joe shahar key ack vishesh roop seey gambhir aur garibi seey grast hisse mein rahata haye jise tomm-aul-alone key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye ("nemo" "koee naheen" key liye lattin haye). 
esther summerson kaa paalan-poshan kathor miss barberry dwara kiya jaataa haye, joe usey bataati haye kii "aapaki maan, esther, aapaki sherm haye, aur aap usake they. miss barberry kii mrityu key baad, johnn jardis esther key abhibhaavak bunn jaate hain aur apane bhavishya kaa prabhaar sambhaalane key liye chancery vakeel "vartalap" key liye unhein niyukt karate hain. chhah saal taka school jaane key baad, esther usake saath usake ghar, dhundhale ghar mein rahata haye. jardis ack saath dou anya wardon, richard carstone aur adaa clair (joe donon usake aur ack dusare key door key chachere bhaai hain) kii hirasat letaa haye. way "jardis aur jardis" mein jaari kii gaee vaseeyaton mein seey ack mein labharthi hain; unake abhibhaavak doosari vaseeyat key tahat labharthi hain, aur donon vaseeyaton kaa takraav haye. richard aur adaa jald hii pyaar mein parh jaate hain, lekin halanki mister jardis match kaa virodh naheen karate hain, lekin way kahate hain kii richard koo pahale ack pesha chunana chaahiye. richard pahale chikitsa mein apana currier banaane kii koshish kartaa haye, aur esther richard key shikshak key ghar parr ack chikitsak ellen woodcourt seey milata haye. jaba richard ney "jardis aur jardis" key sankalp seey laabh praapt karane kii sambhavana kaa ullekh kiya, tou johnn jardis unase anurodh karate hain kii way kabhi bhee usa parr vishvaas naa karein jise way "parivaar kaa abhishaap" kahate hain. richard apane currier koo kaanoon mein badalane kaa faisala kartaa haye. baad mein vaha phir seey badal jaataa haye aur apane shesh dhana koo ack sainya adhikaari key roop mein commission khareedane key liye kharch kartaa haye.
lady didluck apani naukarani, medmoisel hortens key bhesh mein pratilipikaar kii bhee jaanch curr rahee haye. lady didluck usey nemo kii kabr parr leey jaane key liye joe koo bhugtan karati haye. iss beach, mister tulkinhorn chintit hain kii lady didluck key paas ack rahasya haye joe surr leicester key hiton key liye khatra bunn sakata haye aur vaha usey lagaatar dekhta rahata haye, yahaan taka kii usaki naukarani koo usaki jasusi karane key liye bhee soochibaddh kartaa haye. vaha shahar seey baahar bhaagne key liye inspector kii balty bhee soochibaddh kartaa haye, taaki kissy bhee aisee cheez koo samaapt kiya jaa sakey joe nemo koo katauti seey jodd sakati haye.
esther church mein lady didluck koo dekhti haye aur baad mein chesni wold mein usake saath baat karati haye. lady didluck koo pataa chalata haye kii esther uska apana bachcha haih surr leicester koo pataa naheen thaa, shaadi seey pahale, onariya kaa ack premi, kaptan hoddon (nemo) thaa, aur usake dwara ack betty koo janm diyaa thaa, jise vaha maanati thee kii vaha marr chuki thee. betty, esther, kaa paalan-poshan onariya kii bahan, miss barberry ney kiya thaa.
esther beghar ladke joe seey beemar hoe jaati haye (sambhavatah chechak key saath, kyonki yeh usey gambhir roop seey vikrit curr detaa haye). lady didluck usey sach bataane seey pahale esther key thheek honey taka intezar karati haye. halanki esther aur lady didluck phir seey milane seey khush hain, lady didluck esther koo bataati haye kii unhein phir kabhi apane sambandh koo sweekaar naheen karna chaahiye.
usake thheek honey parr, esther koo pataa chalata haye kii kaee vyavsaayon mein whiffle rahane key baad, richard ney apane abhibhaavak kii salah koo nazarandaj curr diyaa haye aur vaha "jardis aur jardis" koo apane aur adaa key paksh mein nishkarsh parr pahunchaane kii koshish curr rhaa haye, aur johnn jardis key saath baahar hoe gayaa haye. iss prakriya mein, richard apana saaraa paisa khou detaa haye aur swaasthya mein girawat aatee haye. usane aur adaa ney gupt roop seey shaadi curr lii haye, aur adaa garbhavati haye. jaba shree woodcourt ack jahaaj key tootane seey bachkar ingland lautate hain, tou esther kaa apana romans hotaa haye, aur vaha usake vikrit honey key bavjood usaki company kii talash karna jaari rakhta haye. haalaanki, esther pahale seey hii apane abhibhaavak, bahut badey johnn jardis seey shaadi karane key liye sahmat hoe gaee haye.
medmoisel hortens aur mister toolkinghorn lady didluck key ateet key baare mein sachchai kii khoj karate hain. shree tulkinhorn key saath takraav key baad, lady didluck apane ghar seey bhaag jaati haye, apane aacharan key liye surr leicester seey maafi maangate hue ack nott chhod detee haye. shree tulkinhorn hortens koo barkhast curr dete hain, joe abb unake liye kissy bhee kaam kaa naheen haye. mister tulkinhorn koo dill seey goli maaree jaati haye, aur sandeh lady didluck parr padata haye. surr leicester, apane vakeel kii mrityu aur apani patni key kabulname aur udaan kii khoj karate hue, ack vinashkari aghaat kaa saamana kartaa haye, lekin vaha yeh bataane mein kamyab rahata haye kii vaha apani patni koo maaf curr detaa haye aur chaahata haye kii vaha vaapas aaa jaae.
inspector buckett, jinhone pahale "jardis aur jardis" seey sambandhit kaee mamalon kii jaanch kii haye, lady didluck khojane key liye surr leicester key commission koo sweekaar karate hain. pahale tou usey mahila parr hatyaa kaa sandeh haye lekin vaha hortens key aparaadh kaa pataa chalane key baad usey sandeh seey mukt karane mein saksham haye. vaha usaki maan koo khojane key liye esther seey madad maangata haye. lady didluck key paas apane pati kii kshama key baare mein jaanane kaa koee tarika naheen haye yaa kii vaha sandeh seey mukt hoe gaee haye, aur vaha apane poorv premi, kaptan hoddon (nemo) key kabristan mein marane seey pahale thhand key mausam mein desh mein ghoomati haye. esther aur inspector kii balty usey vahaan dhoondhati haye.
jardis aur jardis" mein pragati behtar key liye ack modd letee prateet hoti haye jaba baad mein ack vaseeyat paaee jaati haye, joe pichhali sabhi vaseeyaton koo radd curr detee haye aur sampatti kaa badaa hissa richard aur adaa parr chhod detee haye. johnn jardis ney esther key saath apani sagaai radd curr dee, joe shree woodcourt seey sagaai curr letaa haye. way ameer koo khojane key liye chansari jaate hain. unake aaney parr, unhein pataa chalata haye kii "jardis aur jardis" kaa mamla aakhirkaar samaapt hoe gayaa haye, kyonki mukadame kii laagat ney poori tarah seey sampatti kaa upbhog curr liya haye. richard gir jaataa haye, aur shree woodcourt usey tapedik key antim charan mein honey kaa nidan karate hain. richard johnn jardis seey maafi maangata haye aur marr jaataa haye. johnn jardis adaa aur usake bachche koo letee haye, ack ladka jiska vaha naam richard rakhti haye. esther aur mister woodcourt shaadi karate hain aur ack yorkshire house mein rahate hain joe kii jardis unhein detaa haye. dampati baad mein dou betiyon kaa paalan-poshan karate hain.
upanyaas key kaee upa-kathaanak chhote paatron parr kendrit hain. aisaa hii ack upa-kathaanak haye kathin jeevan aur khush, halanki kathin, caddy jelibi aur prince turvedrop kaa vivaah. ack anya kathaanak george ronswell key apane parivaar kii punah khoj aur apani maan aur bhaai key saath unake punarmilan parr kendrit haye.
paatr.
halanki ack charitra naheen haye, "jardis aur jardis" upanyaas kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh charles day aur villium gennance aur charlot smith key sasur, richard smith sahit vaseeyaton seey judey kaee vaastavik jeevan key cancer mamalon seey prerit thaa.
vishleshan aur aalochana.
kathaa sanrachana.
bleak house" kii bahut aalochana isaki anoothi kathaa sanrachana parr kendrit haih yeh ack teesare vyakti key sarvagyaani kathavachak aur ack pratham vyakti kathavachak (esther saransh) donon dwara bataaya jaataa haye. sarvagyaani kathakar vartamaan kaal mein bolata haye aur ack nishpaksh paryavekshak haye. esther summerson ateet kaal mein apani kahani bataati haye (jaise david mein david copperfield yaa pipe mein "mahaan apekshaaen"), aur usaki kathaa aavaaj kii visheshta vinamrata, apani seemaon kii chetna, aur hamein apane swayam key vichaaron aur bhaavanaon kaa khulasa karane kii ichcha haye. yeye donon kathaaen kabhi bhee poori tarah seey ack dusare koo naheen kaatati hain, halanki way samanantar roop seey chalati hain. nabokov ney mahsoos kiya kii kahani kaa hissa esther koo bataane denaa upanyaas kii yojana banaane mein decance kii "mukhya galati" thee. berkley key ack vidwan alex zwardling ney yeh dekhane key baad kii "alochakon ney ester key prati dayaluta naheen dikhaai haye", phir bhee dickens dwara ester kii kathaa kaa upayog "unaki kalaa kii jeet mein seey ack" maanaa.
stree kii vinamrata.
esther key kathaa key hisse koo kuchh vidvaanon dwara streetva sheelata key victorian aadarsh key ack dilchasp cases studdy key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye. vaha apana parichay iss prakaar detee haih "mujhe inn prishthon key apane hisse koo likhane mein bahut kathinaaee hoe rahee haye, kyonki mujhe pataa haye kii main chatur naheen huun" (adhyaay. 3). iss daave koo unake prishthon koo chitrit karane vaale chatur naitik nirnay aur vyangyapurna avalokan dwara lagbhag turant galat thaharaaya jaataa haye. usee parichayaatmak adhyaay mein, vaha likhati haih "mujhe apane baare mein yeh sub likhane key liye baadhya honah bahut utsuk lagata haye! maano yeh jeevan kii kathaa haye! lekin meraa chhota saa shareer jald hii prishthabhoomi mein gir jaayega "(adhyaay. 3). yeh sach naheen nikla.
vyangya.
adhikansh pathakon aur vidvaanon key liye, "bleak house" kii kendriya chinta angreji chancy adalat pranali kaa abhiyog haye. chancy yaa equity adaalaten angreji nagrik nyaay pranali kaa aadhaa hissa theen, joe kaanoon adalaton key saath-saath maujood theen. chancy adalaton ney vaseeyaton aur sampattiyon key saath yaa niji sampatti key upayog key saath sambandhit karyon koo sunaa. unnisvin shatabdi key madhya taka, angreji kaanoon sudharakon ney lambe samay taka chansari mukdamebaji mein deree kii aalochana kii thee, aur decance ney iss vishay koo ack aakarshak lakshya paaya. unhone pahale seey hii apane 1837 key upanyaas "dha postmorts pappers off dha pickwick club" yaa "dha pickwick pappers" mein kaanoon-adalaton aur kanuni peshe key usa paksh parr ack shott liya thaa. angreji kanuni itihaaskaar surr villium searl holdsworth jaise vidvaanon ney apane 1928 key vyakhyanon kii shrinkhala mein decance key upanyason aur vishesh roop seey "bleak house" koo angreji kaanoon key itihas koo prakaashit karane vaale praathamik sroton key roop mein ack prashansaniya mamla banaaya haye.
swatahsfurt dahan.
decance ney "bleak house" key pustak sanskaran kii prastaavana mein kahaa kii unhone "parichit cheejon key romantic paksh parr uddeshyapoorvak dhyaan diyaa thaa. aur kuchh ullekhaniya cheejen hoti hainh ack charitra, crook, gandh kii gandh aur antatah sahaj maanav dahan seey marr jaataa haye. yeh bahut vivadaspad thaa. unnisvin shatabdi mein vaigyaanik vishva drishtikon kii badhati jeet dekhi gaee. vaigyaanik roop seey ichchuk lekhakon key saath-saath chikitsakon aur vaigyaanikon ney sahaj maanav dahan koo kinvadanti yaa andhavishwas key roop mein khariz curr diyaa. jaba crook key nidhan vaali "bleak house" kii kisht dikhaai dee, tou saahityik aalochak george heinry luis ney decance parr "ack ashleel truti koo mudra dene" kaa aarop lagaaya. decance ney sahaj maanav dahan kii vaastaviktaa kaa jordar bachaav kiya aur kaee pralekhit mamalon kaa hawala diyaa, saath hii saath coroner kii poochtaachh kii apani yaadon kaa bhee hawala diyaa, jisamen unhone ack reporter honey key dauran bhaag liya thaa. bleak house" key pustak sanskaran kii prastaavana mein, decance ney likhaah "main taba taka tathyon koo naheen chhodoonga jaba taka kii usa gawahi kaa kaafee sahaj dahan naheen hoe jaataa jiss parr aamtaur parr maanav ghatanaaen praapt hoti hain."
aalochanatmak pratishtha.
george gissing aur jee. key. chesterton una saahityik alochakon aur lekhakon mein seey hain joe "bleak house" koo decance dwara likhaa gayaa sabse achchha upanyaas maanate hain. jaisa kii chesterton ney kahaah "bleak house" nishchit roop seey decance kii sabse achchi pustak naheen haye; lekin shayed yeh unakaa sabse achchha upanyaas haye. harold bloom, apani pustak "dha western cannon" mein, "bleak house" koo decance kaa sabse badaa upanyaas maanata haye. daniel bert ney apani pustak "dha nowell 100: aeye ranking off dha gratest novels off aul time" mein "bleak house" koo 12vein sthaan parr rakhaa haye.
dhundhale ghar key sthaan.
chaudi manjil parr bleak house naam kaa ghar mool naheen haye. decance 1839 seey 1851 taka harr garmiyon mein cumm seey cumm ack maheene key liye iss ghar (jise taba kilaa ghar kahaa jaataa thaa) mein apane parivaar key saath rahey. haalaanki, iss baat kaa koee saboot naheen haye kii yeh kaalpanik dhundhale ghar kaa aadhar thaa, vishesh roop seey kyonki yeh kaalpanik ghar key sthaan seey bahut door haye.
yeh ghar kille kii sadak parr chattan key oopar haye aur unaki mrityu key baad unake sammaan mein iska naam badalkar bleak house curr diyaa gayaa. yeh chaudi manjil mein soochibaddh kewal chaar manjila shreni II haveli haye.
decance sent albans, hertfordshire mein kaalpanik bleak house kaa pataa lagaate hain, jahan unhone kuchh pustak likhi thee. 18veen shatabdi key ack ghar, sent albans, koo pustak key prakaashan key samay seey kahani mein sheershak ghar key liye ack sambhaavit prerana key roop mein pahachaana gayaa haye aur kaee varshon seey ise bleak house key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
anukoolan.
unnisvin shatabdi key anta mein, abhinetri fanny janausek ney "bleak house" key ack munch sanskaran mein abhinay kiya jisamen unhone lady didluck aur unaki naukarani hortens donon kii bhoomika nibhai. donon paatr kabhi bhee ack hii samay mein munch parr dikhaai naheen dete hain. 1876 mein johnn pringle bernet key naatak, "joe" koo landan mein apani patni jannie lii key saath safalata millie, joe crossing-sweeper key roop mein khel rahee thee. 1893 mein, jaine combs ney "bleak house" key ack sanskaran mein abhinay kiya.
1901 kii ack laghu film, "dha death off power joe", sabse purani jeevit film haye jisamen charles decance charitra (joe inn "bleak house") haye.
mook film yug mein, "bleak house" koo 1920 aur 1922 mein filmaya gayaa thaa. baad key sanskaran mein sibil thordic koo lady didluck key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa.
1928 mein, britten mein dhwani-film dhwani-film prakriya mein banaai gaee ack laghu film mein bransby williams ney daadaa smallweed key roop mein abhinay kiya.
1998 mein, bee. bee. see. radio 4 ney paanch ghante key lambe episode kaa ack radio roopaantaran prasaarit kiya, jisamen michael kitchen ney johnn jardis key roop mein abhinay kiya.
bee. bee. see. ney "bleak house" key teen television rupaantaranon kaa nirmaan kiya haye. pahala dharavahik, "bleak house", 1959 mein gyaarah aadhe ghante key episode mein prasaarit kiya gayaa thaa. dharavahik jeevit rahata haye. dyna rigg aur denholm elliot abhineet doosara "bleak house", 1985 mein aathh bhaagon vaali shrinkhala key roop mein prasaarit huaa. 2005 mein, teesara "bleak house" pandrah episode mein prasaarit kiya gayaa thaa jisamen enaa maxwell martin, gillion anderson, dennis losson, charles dance aur carrie mulligan ney abhinay kiya thaa. isane usee varsh ack peabody puraskar jeetaa kyonki isane ack shrinkhala key liye 'niyukti dekhane', sabun-shally banaai, jisane apane kaee atirikt darshakon koo bahut puraskrit kiya."
sangeet sandarbh.
charles jeffries ney isake liye shabd likhe aur charles villium glover ney "adaa clair" aur "fairwell too dha old house" naamak geeton key liye sangeet likhaa, joe upanyaas seey prerit hain.
anthany phillips mein unaki 1979 kii pragatisheel rock release, "side" parr "bleak house" naamak ack tukada shamil thaa. geet kaa roop motey taur parr esther summerson kii kathaa kaa anusaran kartaa haye, aur usaki aavaaz mein likhaa gayaa haye.
mool prakaashan.
adhikansh decance upanyason kii tarah, "bleak house" 20 masik kishton mein prakaashit huaa thaa, jisamen pratyek mein paath key 32 prishth aur fiz dwara dou chitra they (antim dou koo ack dohare ank key roop mein ack saath prakaashit kiya jaa rhaa haye). pratyek kii laagat ack shilling haye, antim double issue koo chhodkar, jisamen dou shilling kii laagat aatee haye.
aalochanatmak sanskaran.
charles decance, "bleak house", aid. nikola bradbury (harmondsworth penguin, 1996)

