
jeevan kaa itihas

giuseppe dee begnis (1793-10 agast 1849) ack italvi operatic baas gaayak they. lugo dee romagna mein janme, unhone apani sangeet shiksha taba shuru kii jaba way 7 saal key they, padre bongiyovanni key tahat, aur church mein soprano gaaya. 15 saal kii umr mein unhein apani aavaaz mein gambhir samasyaaen theen aur unhone usa samay key ack prasiddh abhineta, mandini key tahat abhinay kaa adhyayan karna shuru curr diyaa. unake pitaa naheen chaahte they kii giuseppe ack haasya kalakar baney aur samay key saath hii vaha yuvak sangeetkaar giovanni morandi kaa shishya bunn gayaa, joe gaayak rossa morandi kaa pati thaa.
1816 kii sharad ritu mein unhone bologna mein soprano giusepina ronji dee begnis seey shaadi kii aur way 1825 taka ack saath they. unakaa chehra chechak seey gambhir roop seey prabhaavit thaa, lekin vaha makeup lagaane mein kushal they aur munch parr unhone chehare key viroopan kaa koee saboot naheen diyaa.
1815 taka unhone khud koo ack ashajanak currier mein sthaapit curr liya thaa joe 1820 key dashak key anta taka itali, france aur landan mein aur phir 1829 seey uttari ireland mein jaari rhaa, jahan unhone ack opera company bhee chalaai. unhone 1838 seey scotland aur newyork mein opera companiyon kaa gaayan aur prabandhan karna jaari rakhaa, jahan way 1849 mein apani mrityu taka rahey. unhein "rosini key comic opera key ack aadarsh dubhashiya" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.
operative carrier.
shuruat, 1813 seey 1817 taka.
dee begnis ney carnival 1813 key season key dauran stephano pavse key "sair marcantonio" mein ack primo buffo key roop mein modena mein apani shuruat kii. unakaa swaagat karate hue unhone khoob taaliyan bajaain aur yeh unake liye saabit hoe gayaa kii way sahee disha mein aage badh rahey they. vahaan seey vaha forali aur rimini gaye, aur modena mein apane peshevar currier key pahale varsh koo phir seey samaapt kiya. nae carnival season key liye vaha navanirmit teatro deagly akadami rossie key udghaatan key liye siena mein they. vahaan unhone ferdinando pair key "agness" mein uberto kii sabse adhik maang vaali bhoomika gaaee-ack opera ardh-seriya jisamen sabse shuruati aur sabse naatakiya pagal drishyon mein seey ack shamil haye. yeh ack aisee chunauti thee joe yuva logon koo daraati naheen thee kyonki unhone apane abhinay kaa adhyayan kiya thaa aur unhein parishkrit kiya thaa; vaastav mein, darshakon ney utsaah key saath pratikriya dee aur "ack abhineta aur gaayak donon key roop mein" unaki prashansa kii gaee.
isake baad rosini kii "ill turco inn italia" mein ack samaan roop seey safal selim aaya. munch aur janata key saath-saath sahyogiyon aur sangeetkaron key saath unakaa parichay ack aisee seekhane kii prakriya thee jisane unhein uchch lakshya praapt karane mein saksham banaaya. tuscany seey vaha ferrara, badiya aur triste chaley gaye. baad key shahar key teatro newo mein unhone luigi caruso key "cossie see faa all donne" mein donn placenzio gaaya, usake baad carlo coxia key farsa prati sangeet "laa matilde"; giuseppe farinelli key "terresa ee claudio"; pietro carlo guglimi key "donn papirio"; aur philippo sellie key "donn timonella dee piazenza".
17 farwari 1816 koo, 1815-1816 carnival season key dauran, unhone simone meyer key "jinevara dee skozia" mein laa scala mein apani shuruat kii. yeh kewal ack chhoti sagaai thee; lekin adhikansh carnival season key liye vaha sesena mein ghar key karib vyast they, jahan unhone valentino feorwanti key naatak giocoso prati sangeet mein apane pradarshan seey darshakon koo prabhaavit kiya. unhone prasiddh mezo-soprano castrato gaspere patchirotti kii nakal karate hue purani rondo shally mein apana mukhya eriya diyaa; unake falceto ney janata koo chaunka diyaa aur ack abhivaadan kiya. dee begnis vincenzo pusitta key farsa giocosa prati sangeet "laa burla lukueta osia aaee due pregionary" parr gaye aur pitro carlo guglielmi dwara opera bafaa "laa gyura apera" key saath carnival season kaa samaapan kiya. baad vaale koo unhone vasant key dauran mentova mein dohraya, lekin usase pahale, vaha pahali baar rosini key "ell 'italiana inn algeri" mein algiers key bey, mustafa key roop mein dikhaai diye. itali mein rosini bukhaar joe fail rhaa thaa, vaha udin taka pahunch gayaa thaa, jahan garmiyon mein dee begnis ney apane mustafa koo dohraya, usake baad "ll 'inganno felis".
1817 seey 1819 taka dha begnis jode key saath rosini kaa sambandh.
1802 aur 1804 key beach rosini apane pitaa key janmasthan aur giuseppe dee begnis key janmasthan lugo mein rahate they. donon ney lugo mein sangeet kaa adhyayan kiya, giuseppe giochino seey kewal ack saal chhote they. iss sanyog ney giuseppe key currier koo kitna prabhaavit kiya, yeh kabhi pataa naheen chala sakata haye, lekin nishchit roop seey lugo dee romagna usa samay ack chhota saa shahar thaa, jahan harr koee ack-dusare koo jaanata thaa. morandi loga giakino rosini key achche dost they, aur yeh shayed unake sujhaav parr thaa kii sangeetkaar ney giuseppe koo ack shandar avsar diyaa, jisase "laa cinerantola" mein unake liye dandini kii bhoomika kaa nirmaan huaa. iss opera kaa premiere 25 janwari 1817 koo rome mein huaa aur yeh lagaatar bees pradarshanon key liye chalaa; yeh unake shesh jeevan key liye unake repertory mein rehna thaa.
usee varsh verona mein, dee begnis jode kii mulakat ack bahut hii yuva donizetti seey hui. samay key saath unaki aavaaz paripakva hoe gaee aur unaki takneek adhik parishkrit hoe gaee aur 1821 kii shuruat mein unhein barritone key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. 1818 mein, pesaro mein navanirmit teatro newo key bhavya udghaatan key liye, rosini isabella colbran aur andrea nojri chaahte they-joe naples premiere mein dikhaai diye they-apane "armida" key ack nae utpaadan key liye. haalaanki bajat kii baadhaon ney unhein cumm karane key liye majboor curr diyaa aur jaba "laa gajja ladra" key liye apane dost rossa morandi koo surakshit karane kaa prayaas whiffle hoe gayaa, tou unhone giuseppina ronji dee begnis koo nauvein sthaan parr niyukt kiya aur cumm shulk parr, unake pati giuseppe dee begnis koo mahapour key roop mein niyukt kiya. iss kadam ney unake paas giannetto kii bhoomika key liye alberico curioni jaise pratham shreni key karyakal koo shamil karane key liye paryaapt paisa chhod diyaa.
peris, 1819 seey 1822 taka.
janwari 1819 mein, giuseppe aur giuseppina peris chaley gaye jahan unhone 20 march koo ferdinando pair key drama semi-sirio "aaee furiousity dee firenz" key perisian premiere mein thetre italine key phir seey khulane key liye gaaya. opera koo "leey monitur universal" mein ack achchi sameeksha millie, aur "journal dee peris" ney unake isabella key liye unake uberto aur giuseppina kii prashansa kii. nishchit roop seey, lokpriya maang key kaaran, pair ney adhiniyam 1 mein unake liye ack drishya aur ack eriya jodkar giuseppe kii bhoomika kaa vistaar kiya.
iss beach rosini koo soochit kiya gayaa thaa kii "laa gajja ladra" key liye dee bignisses koo surakshit curr liya gayaa thaa. sambhaavanaaen utsaahjanak theen aur 5 maee koo dampati ney pietro alessandro guglielmi key "laa pastorella nobil" mein gaaya. usee varsh kii garmiyon key dauran sakaratmak sameekshaon ney unhein badhaai dee jaba unhone domenico simarosa key "ill matrimonio segreto" aur rosini key "ill turco inn italia" mein gaaya. 3 aprail 1821 koo dampati rosini key "laa pietra dell paragone" mein gaane mein vyast theh giuseppe ney marphorio gaaya aur giuseppina ney claris gaaya. 1821 key anta mein giuseppe carnival season key liye bologna mein they aur vahaan unhone teatro communel dee bologna mein rosini key "laa gajja ladra" mein gaaya.
landan aur edinberg, 1822 seey 1832 taka.
aprail 1822 mein dee bignisses landan pahunche, jahan unaki shuruat usa garmi mein achchi tarah seey pareekshan kiye gaye "ill turco inn italia" mein hui thee. jaisa kii apekshit thaa, janata aur aalochak giuseppina seey mantramugdh they, lekin giuseppe kii samaan roop seey prashansa kii gaee thee. "dha times" aalochak, thomas aim. alsegar ney apani aavaaz koo "berriton, shaktishali naheen, lekin behad shuddh aur lachila" key roop mein varnit kiya.
usee pahale landan season mein, unhone rosini key "matilde dee shabran" key landan premiere mein gaaya.
dee bignisses ney agale season mein "ill turco inn italia" mein vaapsee kii aur usee varsh key dauran giuseppe ney "laa gajja ladra" mein fernando gaaya. 10 sitambar 1823 koo unhone rosini key "otello" mein gaaya. 1824 mein landan mein bhee, vaha "donn giovanni" mein leporello key roop mein dikhaai diye, jinhen achchi sameeksha millie; yeh bhoomika unake repertory mein bunny rahee aur unhone 1832 mein scotland mein bhoomika gaaee. giuseppe key liye ack vaastavik yuddh-ghodaa simone meyer kii "original" mein unake donn febo they, jiska naam badalkar "ill fanatico parr laa music" curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jise unhone apane poore currier mein gaaya thaa. 1825 mein way fenza mein mercadent kii "elissa aeye claudio" mein dikhaai diye; usee varsh aur agale kuchh varshon mein, "leey noje dee figaro" mein count almaviva aur "kosi phain toot" mein alphonso aisee bhoomikaaen theen jinamen unhein aksar sunaa jaataa thaa. isi tarah, 1826 mein, unhone "laa cinerantola" mein donn magnifo key roop mein upasthiti darj karaai, 1827 mein yeh jiyovanni pachini key "laa skiawa inn baghdad" mein mustafa key roop mein thaa, jisamen karadori, juchelli aur curioni key saath-saath "ill turco inn italia" aur "laa gajja ladra" mein bhee thaa.
maee/juuna 1827 mein, vaha "matilde dee shabran" aur phir guseppe farinelli key "camilla" aur "laa lokandia" mein gaane key liye ack sankshipt avadhi key liye itali laut aae. 1827 mein, landan mein kings theatre mein unakaa aakhiri season, unhein phir seey pachini kii "laa shiyaav dee baigdad" mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. isake baad, unhone scotland mein ack paryatan company kaa netritva kiya.
dee begnis ney 1828 mein landan mein sangeet kii shaahi akadami mein abhinay sikhana shuru kiya.
opera company key kalaatmak nideshak key roop mein dee begnis, 1823 seey 1832 taka.
iss beach, 1823 mein, vaha snan mein italvi opera season key kalaatmak nirdeshak bunn gaye they, ack pada joe unhone 1824 taka sambhala thaa. phir unhone 1827 seey 1828 taka edinberg mein vahee pada sambhala. unake dill mein laa cinerantola kaa ack vishesh sthaan thaa aur march 1831 mein, jaba yeh opera landan mein raajaa key theatre mein laut aaya, tou janata koo ack badaa ashcharya thaa kii lebletch dandini aur dee bignis koo donn magnifico key roop mein gaanah "unake beach yugal," unn segreto dee importanza "haasya abhinay kaa ack samriddh aprasangik tukada thaa. yeh sthiti 1833 mein phir seey hui, jaba vincenzo gully ney dee begnis key donn magnifico key vipareet dandini gaaya. donon hii udaharanon mein alochakon ney bhoomikaon koo badalana pasand kiya hoga, halanki unhone ack utkrisht kaam karane kaa shreya dee begnis koo diyaa.
doubleen 1829 seey 1837 taka.
1829 mein doublin mein dikhaai dene vaale dee begnis ney "ill barbiere dee sivilia" mein figaro gaaya aur bahut prashansa kii. baad mein, 1834 aur 1837 key beach doublin mein lautane key baad, vahaan unaki nirantar upasthiti key kaaran way impresserio bunn gaye jinhone uttari ireland mein pahali peshevar roop seey prabandhit italvi opera company kaa nirmaan kiya. isake alawa, unhein 4 farwari 1837 koo "aaee puritani" mein pahale giorgio honey key liye lambe samay taka yaad kiya gayaa thaah beretney key saath unake "suoni laa tromba" koo bahut adhik maanaa jaataa thaa.
america, 1838 unaki mrityu taka.
1838 mein guseppe dee begnis ney sanyukt raajya america kii yatra kii jahan unhein apane shesh jeevan key liye rehna thaa. unaki pratishtha unase pahale thee aur unaki newyork mein shuruat 18 sitambar koo rashtriya rangmanch parr hui thee, jahan unhone "ill barbiere dee sivilia" key ack bhavya drishya mein figaro key roop mein chamak dikhaai; agali raat unhone apana samay-pareekshan "ill fanatico parr laa music" gaaya. donn febo aur figaro sanyukt raajya america mein unaki sabse prashansit bhoomikaaen raheen. 3 navambar 1838 koo unhone boilston holl mein boston mein ack sangeet karyakram diyaa.
jiss sakaratmak swaagat koo dee begnis ney praapt kiya, usaki pushti samkaaleen americi aalochak richard grant white ney kii haih 
newyork mein rahane aur vahaan kaam karane key kaaran, dee begnis kaa anubhav italvi aur usa avadhi kii anya companiyon kaa vishisht anubhav thaa, jinhone boston aur anya shaharon sahit purvi tata key vibhinn hisson mein pradarshan karane key liye yatra kii thee. kuchh samay key liye unhone palmo key opera house koo safaltapurvak prabandhit kiya aur apane udyamsheelta kaushal koo dekhate hue 1842 mein unhone newyork mein ack opera season aayojit karane key liye ack thhos prayaas kiya, lekin badee sankhya mein baadhaon kaa saamana karna padaa. iss beach unhone swar sangeet kaa ack sankalan "dha carcanet" sankalit aur prakaashit kiya thaa. unhone ack mukhar shikshak key roop mein jeevan yapan kiya aur niyat samay mein unhone ack laabhdaayak shaikshanik udyam kii shuruat kii, joe ack angreji mezo soprano, joe newyork mein buss gayaa thaa. 1844 key anta mein way aprail aur julaai mein palmon key opera house mein "ill barbiere dee sivilia" mein figaro they; baad vaalaa ack aswasth barritone koo badalane aur rosina gaane vaale cinty-domoro key liye raat bachaane key liye gyaarahaven ghante kaa notice thaa.
dee begnis kii mrityu 10 agast 1849 koo haija key anubandh key baad newyork mein hui. jahira taur parr unhone samudri bimari key darr seey phir seey atlantic paar karke europe naheen lautane kaa faisala kiya. unake nidhan ney unhein usee star parr rakhaa joe unhein peedaa dey rhaa thaa. ack british patrika key anusaar, dee begnis ney anaam uttaradhikariyon key liye ack badaa bhaagya chhod diyaa, aur isaliye sampatti koo ack vaseeyat key chook mein newyork key saarvajanik prashaasak koo saunp diyaa gayaa. haalaanki, navambar 1849 mein, giusepina ronzi dee begnis ney pati kii sampatti parr daavaa kiya joe sitambar 1854 mein unaki mrityu key baad unaki betty clotilde fraschini koo dey diyaa gayaa thaa.

