
parivaar kaa sanrakshan

parivaar sanrakshan bachchon koo paalak gharon yaa sansthanon key bajaay apane parivaaron key saath ghar parr rakhane mein madad karane key liye andolan thaa. yeh andolan parivaar key tootane kii pahale kii neeti kii pratikriya thee, jisane bachchon koo ayogya gharon seey baahar nikaal diyaa thaa. kewal atyadhik garibi koo hii bachchon koo hataane key liye ack uchit kaaran key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. yeh nayaa andolan 1890 key dashak mein shuru huaa, aur bachchon parr 1909 key white house sammelan mein yeh sheersh sthaan kaa mudda thaa. parivaaron koo ack saath rakhane key liye, parivaar koo paryaapt paisa diyaa jaayega taaki maan koo purnakaalik naukari naa karni padey. jinn parivaaron koo yeh sahaayata dee gaee thee, way aamtaur parr vidhvaaon key netritva mein they.
avalokan.
parivaar sanrakshan athaarah key anta aur unnis sou kii shuruat key kharaab kaanoonon seey judaa huaa haye. baal-sanrakshan usa yug kaa vishay thaa. bachchon key liye nae shram kaanoonon key saath, nae vikasit baal manovigyaan aur parivaar key vighatan key darr parr jore dete hue, samajik kaaryakartaon ney bachche parr adhik jore diyaa, jise abb kewal ack chhota vayask naheen maanaa jaataa thaa. isase pahale, bachchon koo vyavasthit roop seey gharon seey baahar nikaal diyaa jaataa thaa yadi maataa-pitaa unhein samarthan dene key liye paryaapt aaya naheen karate they. "usa samay key kaee pramukh adhikaariyon ney tark diyaa thaa kii atyadhik garibi hii ack parivaar koo todane key liye paryaapt kaaran thee."
kaee americi vetan seey laker vetan taka jeene key liye majboor hain, kyonki aaya jeevan jeene kii buniyaadi laagat koo puuraa karane key liye paryaapt haye, aur aapaatkaaleen sthiti key liye bachat karane key liye bahut cumm bachaa haye. sanyukt raajya america mein koee saarvbhaumik swaasthya coverage naheen haye, aur sabhi garib purnakaalik shramikon mein seey aadhe koo apani naukariyon key madhyam seey swaasthya beema praapt naheen huaa. iska matlab haye kii unhein chikitsa kharchon kaa bhugtan jeb seey karna chaahiye, yaa buss chikitsa suvidhaon kaa upayog naheen karna chaahiye. 2004 mein, kewal 15 laakh seey adhik americi shramik saamoohik chhantani seey prabhaavit hue they. inmein seey kaee loga naukari khojane mein saksham they, lekin hamesha utani achchi naheen thee jitani unhone naukari khou dee thee. 2004 mein ausat berojgari darr 5.5 pratishat thee.
inn rujhaanon key kaaran kissy aise vyakti key liye thheek honah mushkil hoe jaataa haye joe mushkil samay seey gujar rhaa hoe. dashakon seey garibi star seey neeche rahane vaali maataon kii sankhya badh rahee haye, aur 2003 mein garibi rekha seey neeche rahane vaale aadhe seey adhik logon kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. isase mahilaaen aur bachche garibi key prati adhik samvedansheel hoe jaate hain. asthaayi sahaayata dwara paribhaashit kalyankari pranali key saath, sahaayata inn mahilaaon aur unake bachchon koo binaa kissy samarthan key chhod sakati haye. shayed parivaar kaa sanrakshan ack baar phir ack mudda bunn jaayega kyonki adhik maataaen apane bachchon kii paryaapt dekhbhal karane yaa kharch uthaane mein asamarth hoe jaati hain.
itihas.
parivaar key sanrakshan key samarthan kaa pataa 'anath train andolan' key prati nakaratmak pratikriya seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye. 1851 mein massachusets dattak grahan adhiniyam key paarit honey key baad, bachchon koo sansthanon seey god lene vaale parivaaron mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. bachchon kii sahaayata samaaj key sansthaapak, reverand charles lorring brace, iss andolan key liye jimmedaar they. unhone bachchon koo samajik vyavastha key liye ack khatare key roop mein dekhaa, jinhen garibi seey peedit maataa-pitaa seey hataane kii aavashyakta thee kyonki garibi naitik parivarik moolyon koo seemit karati haye. march 1884 mein, unhone 138 bachchon key saath ack train bharee joe garibi seey prabhaavit they aur unhein paschim mein bhej diyaa. yeye bachche, aadhe joe anath naheen they, pratyek padaav parr munch parr khade they aur daavaa kiye jaane yaa agale padaav parr bheje jaane kii prateeksha curr rahey they. unake tarikon koo dohraya gayaa aur prabhaavit bachchon kii kull sankhya 150,000 seey 250,000 taka anumaanit thee. iss pratha key khilaf akrosh key kaaran kaee logon ney ack vaikalpik vidhi koo charam parr leey jaaya, aur iss prakaar pragatisheel yug key liye munch taiyar kiya.
parivaar sanrakshan key liye munch sthaapit karane vaale dou praarambhik sudhaarak lillion wald aur florence kellie they. florence kellie ney bachchon key liye sanyukt raajya aayog kaa prastaav rakhate hue vibhinn vishvavidyalayon mein vyakhyanon kii ack shrinkhala dee. yeh aayog mansik aur naitik sthitiyon key saath-saath rashtra key bachchon kii sambhaavanaon key sambandh mein shodh aur jaankaari saajha karega. unhone saat pramukh vishayon koo shamil kiya, jinamen shishu mrityu darr, janm panjikaran, anathalaya, baal shram, palayan, avaidhata aur apakshay shamil hain, jinn parr sheeghra dhyaan dene kii aavashyakta haye. 1903 mein, lillion wald ney florence kellie key liye ack sanghiya baal beuro key nirmaan kaa sujhaav diyaa. unhone tark diyaa kii aggar sarkaar key paas krishi fasalon kii dekhbhal karane key liye ack vibhaag hoe sakata haye tou bachchon kii dekhbhal key liye koee vibhaag naheen hoe sakata thaa.
rashtrapati villium howard toft ney 1912 mein bachchon key beuro kaa nirmaan karane vaale vidheyak parr hastakshar kiye. julia lathrop koo pahale pramukh key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa aur unhone $25,640 key praarambhik bajat key saath ack 16 vyakti sangathan kaa netritva kiya. unake nau saal key sangharsh key dauran balled aur florence koo rashtrapati theodor roozvelt sahit kaee pramukh logon kaa samarthan milaa. inn vichaaron koo failaane aur unhein doorgaami prabhaav dene kaa shreya unhein diyaa jaayega. iss prabhaav ney raajya star parr baal kalyan key muddon koo maanyata praapt karane mein madad kii, jahaan parivartan adhik teji seey hoe sakata haye.
maataon kii pension parr pahala rajyavyapi kaanoon 1911 mein shikago mein paarit kiya gayaa. prabhaav mein, shikago kishore adalat ney ack aisee pranali banaai jisamen ack "sansthaagat track" aur ack "ghar-adharit" track donon shamil they. donon pranaaliyan parivaar sanrakshan key dou alag-alag vichaaron parr adharit theen. sansthaagat maarg parivaar sanrakshan key unnisvin shatabdi key model parr adharit thaa joe vaastav mein bachche koo parivaar seey shaaririk roop seey alag kartaa thaa. kyonki bachchon koo "praakritik" parivaar kaa hissa maanaa jaataa thaa, isaliye unaki anupasthiti mein bhee parivaar koo sanrakshit maanaa jaataa thaa. halat mein sudhaar honey parr bachchon key ghar lautane kii ummeed thee. ghar-adharit track aaj key parivaar sanrakshan key vichaar seey milata-julata haye, jisamen parivaar raajya seey maudrik sahaayata key saath shaaririk roop seey ack saath rahane mein saksham haye.
chunaa gayaa maarg aksar iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa thaa kii kaun seey maataa-pitaa praathamik dekhbhal karane vaale they. "maan rahit bachche aam taur parr sansthaagat raaste parr aur pitaa rahit bachche ghar-adharit raaste parr samaapt hoe jaate hain."sansthanon mein apane bachchon key saath pitaa aksar iss seva key liye raajya koo bhugtan karate they. yeh antar bachchon kii parvarish karane vaali mahilaaon aur aajeevika kamaane vaale purushon kii langic bhoomikaon key kaaran kiya gayaa thaa.
 maataon key pension adhiniyam key seemit dishaanirdeshon key kaaran, pratyek mamla nyayadhishon kii vyakhya parr nirbhar thaa. dishaanirdeshon ney pension koo maataa taka seemit naheen kiya, iss prakaar nyayadhishon koo unhein pitaa koo dene kii anumati dee gaee.
1916 taka, 21 raajyon ney maataon kii pension paarit curr dee thee joe 1920 taka badhkar 40 hoe gaee thee. bachchon key beuro ney sanyukt raajya america, denmark aur newzealand mein maataon kii pension kaa adhyayan kiya, taaki way raajyon kaa margadarshan curr sakein kyonki unhone aisee yojanaaen banaai theen.
bachchon key beuro aur maataon key pension adhiniyam donon kaa nirmaan aaj kii kalyan pranali mein kaafee yogdan detaa haye. baal beuro ney baal kalyan koo sanghiya sarkaar kii jimmedaari banaa diyaa aur behtar neetiyon koo paribhaashit karane aur aakar dene key liye kaam kiya. iss beuro koo banaane key andolan ney parivaar sanrakshan key vichaar koo failaane aur naee neeti koo aakar dene mein madad kii.
maataon kii pension koo americi kalyan raajya key vikas key liye shreya diyaa gayaa thaa jaisa kii aaj bhee maujood haye. rajyavyapi, aur isaliye sthaaniya prashaasan joe maataon kii pension kii visheshta haye, koo lock kalyan key liye adhik kendrikrit drishtikon key abhaav key liye doshi thaharaaya jaataa haye. kaee itihaskaron kaa maanana haye kii ack kendrikrit drishtikon adhik kushal aur tarksangat hoga.
aaj kii neeti mein kendrikrit niyantran kaa abhaav haye, kyonki raajyon koo apane swayam key dishanirdesh nirdhaarit karane kii swatantrata dee jaati haye. iss tathya key bavjood, parivaar sanrakshan ack kendriya vichaar banaa huaa haye. aaj kii pranali taka jaane vaale bhavishya key kaanoon, jaruratmand parivaaron koo asthaayi sahaayata (tanaf), ney sahaayata pradaan karke parivaaron koo sanrakshit karna jaari rakhaa haye. 1935 mein, samajik suraksha adhiniyam ney aashrit bachchon (aeye. dee. see.) key liye sahaayata karyakram banaaya, joe aashrit bachchon (aeye. aff. dee. see.) vaale parivaaron key liye sahaayata bunn gayaa. yeh antatah tanaf bunn gayaa, jise 2005 key ghaate mein kamee adhiniyam mein phir seey adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa.
parivaar sanrakshan kaa punarjanm.
parivaar kaa sanrakshan punarjanm dekh rhaa haye. sankat mein praakritik parivaaron koo sanrakshit karane key liye samarpit sangathan hain aur jinhone maataa-pitaa key adhikaaron kii galat samaapti kaa anubhav kiya haye. 
rashtriya parivaar sanrakshan network, jisaki sthaapana 1992 mein gahan parivaar sanrakshan aur punarmilan sevaaon (aaee. aff. pee. aiss. aur aaee. aff. aar. aiss.) key madhyam seey parivaaron key sanrakshan key liye praathamik rashtriya aavaaj key roop mein kii gaee thee aur asankhya raajya karyakram, joe samajik kaary key schools seey sambaddh hain.
isake alawa pitaa key sahee vakaalat sangathan aur natedari dekhbhal aur subsidy vaale sanrakshak sangathan aur karyakram jaise kii natedari dekhbhal abhyaas pariyojana hain joe anusandhaan kaa sanchaalan karate hain, prashikshan samagri vikasit karate hain, aur vistaarit parivaaron key saath sahyog seey kaam karane key liye shaikshik avsar pradaan karate hain.
12, 000 seey adhik sadasyon key saath ack rashtriya gair-laabhkaari sangathan, parivaar sanrakshan foundation (aff. pee. aff.), maataa-pitaa key adhikaaron key sanrakshan aur sashaktikaran, parivaar sanrakshan, parivaar kii pahali vichardhara, anuchit roop seey jabaran maataa-pitaa key algaav koo rokane aur bachchon key adhikaaron key liye sammaan koo bahaal karane kii vakaalat kartaa haye joe unhein apane javic maataa-pitaa aur/yaa vistaarit parivaar key saath rahane kii anumati detaa haye, jaba aisaa karna surakshit hotaa haye, iss prakaar parivaar ikai koo sanrakshit kartaa haye. sansthaapak dwite michel kaa kahana haye kii vartamaan kaanoon itane aspasht aur itane vyaapak roop seey likhe gaye hain kii baal kalyan shaaririk nuksan seey cumm kissy bhee cheez key liye bachchon koo parivaar key ghar seey hataa sakata haye. aff. pee. aff. ney ack sanghiya mukadama daayar kiya jisamen ghoshana kii gaee kii kuchh raajya kaanoon joe bachchon koo unake gharon seey kaba aur kaise hataaya jaa sakata haye, asamvaidhaanik hain aur parivaaron koo uchit prakriya seey vanchit karate hain.
baal sanrakshan sudhaar key liye rashtriya gathbandhan jaise jamini sangathan bhee hain joe baal kalyan pranali aur mool-usaa key pranaaleegat sudhaar kii vakaalat karate hain, joe ack rashtriya gair-laabhkaari sangathan haye joe praakritik parivaar sanrakshan kii vakaalat kartaa haye aur god lene seey alag hue parivaaron kaa samarthan kartaa haye.
inn sevaaon aur pahalon kii aavashyakta kaafee hudd taka asthaayi aur aksar asurakshit ghar seey baahar kii dekhbhal parr adhik nirbharta key jawab mein vikasit hui joe 1970 key dashak mein sevaaon kii visheshta thee. 1966 kii shuruat mein cases parivaar karyakram pradaan karane aur sudhaar karane key liye sanchaalit hue-aur antatah paalan-poshan kii aavashyakta koo rokte hain.
sanyukt raajya america mein god lene key liye parivaar seey baahar key liye charam varsh dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta aur row vee key beach they. vaade. 1960 mein, newyork pahala raajya thaa jisane bachchon key sthaan nirdhaaran parr antarrajyiya anubandh koo apanaaya aur bachchon key antarrajyiya sthaan nirdhaaran key liye prakriyaaen sthaapit keen.
1967 taka, 44 raajyon ney bachchon key khilaf apraadhon kii reporting koo anivarya banaane vaale kaanoonon koo apanaaya. bachchon key liye rashtriya paramarsh sangh key anusaar, "reporting koo baal shoshan aur upeksha key mamalon mein dekhi gaee naatakiya vriddhi key praathamik kaaran key roop mein maanyata dee gaee haye."
1974 mein, congress ney sanghiya baal shoshan roktham aur upchaar adhiniyam (capta; saarvajanik kaanoon 93-273; 42 yuu.aiss.see. 5101). yeh adhiniyam raajyon koo baal durvyavahar kii jaanch aur roktham key liye dhana pradaan kartaa haye, joe raajyon dwara anivarya reporting kaanoon koo apanaane parr nirbhar kartaa haye. usee varsh, baal shoshan aur upeksha (aine. key. aine.) parr rashtriya kendra koo ack soochana samashodhan kendra key roop mein kaam karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa.
jabaki baal durvyavahar key baare mein jagrukta badhaai jaa rahee thee, 1970 key dashak mein god lene key liye upalabdh shishuon kii aapoorti cumm hoe gaee kyonki ekal maataa-pitaa adhik sulabh hoe gaye, janm niyantran aur garbhavastha kii samaapti adhik aasaani seey upalabdh hoe gaee. usee samay paschimi mahilaaon ney shiksha aur currier key liye lambe samay taka bachche key janm mein deree karna shuru curr diyaa, jisase baanjhapan mein vriddhi hui. isane pichhali aapoorti aur maang koo ulat diyaa, jisamen pratyek bachche key liye 25 god lene vaale pratispardha curr rahey they.
maataa-pitaa key adhikaaron koo samaapt karane key parinamswarup aksar bachchon, aksar badey bachchon, bhaai-bahanon key samoohon aur maadak padarthon kaa durupyog karane vaalon key bachchon koo hataa diyaa jaataa haye. unhein "jagah banaana mushkil" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa kyonki badhati baanjh aabaadi ney ack adhik praakritik parivaar banaane kii prakriya koo doharaane kii maang kii aur iss prakaar shishuon kii adhik maang thee, lekin cumm upalabdh they.
aaj, sanyukt raajya america mein paanch laakh bachche paalak dekhbhal mein hain. unamen seey 100,000 seey adhik key parivaar key saath phir seey milane kii koee sambhavana naheen haye aur unhein god liya jaa sakata haye. usee samay, swasth, adhimaantah shwet shishuon kii maang jaari rahee aur cumm americi-janme shishuon koo samajik sevaaon dwara tyag diyaa gayaa yaa hataa diyaa gayaa, niji udyamiyon ney kaar key purjon key vikreta (golden craddle key arty algart) key roop mein pichhale rojgar seey praapt vipanan takneekon kaa upayog karane mein kadam rakhaa, aur logon ney maang koo puuraa karane key liye bachchon kii khareed key liye udaan parichaarak (god lene vaale elen roseman) key roop mein kaushal seekha.
60 key dashak key prasooti grihon aur god lene vaali agencies key bund honey key kaaran, unhein god lene key udyog key nijikaran dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, joe aaj duniya bhar mein $6.3 billion aur yuu. aiss. mein $2-3 billion honey kaa anuman haye.aiss. maataa-pitaa key aparivartaniya adhikaar aur bachchon koo sthaayi roop seey hataane aur rakhane kii vyavastha aaj vakeelon, chikitsakon aur kissy bhee vyakti dwara kii jaati haye joe ack shingle latka detaa haye aur apane vyavasaay koo ack god lene kii agency kahata haye. god lene kii neeti aur prakriya raajya seey raajya mein bhinn hoti haye lekin adhikansh raajyon mein god lene kii vyavastha karane key liye baal kalyan key kshetra mein shaikshik pramanan kii aavashyakta vaale koee niyam naheen hain. god lene vaali agencies koo kissy bhee vyavasaay key roop mein licenses praapt haye. ell. americi god lene mein naitikta" key lekhak aur dattak maataa-pitaa aine baab ney kahaah "anya vyavsaayon aur vyavsaayon mein, kissy vyakti dwara kissy kshetra mein visheshagya sevaaon kii peshkash karane seey pahale kissy vishesh mein licenses yaa pramanan arjit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. pramaanit manicurist facial naheen dey sakata haye; pramaanit hayer stylist manicure naheen dey sakata haye....phir bhee...samajik kaary aur kaanoon, vivaah aur parivarik chikitsa aur chikitsa jaise alag-alag vyavsaayon vaale vyakti khud koo 'god lene vaale peshevar' kaha sakate hain."
vishva star parr anathalayon mein 80 pratishat bachchon key parivaar hain joe unhein ghar laane key liye aatey hain. duniya bhar mein asthaayi dekhbhal kaa pramukh kaaran garibi haye, naa kii durupyog, upeksha yaa parityag. kaee anya logon koo kaale bajar key bebi brokers dwara unake parivaaron seey chori, apaharan yaa majboor kiya gayaa haye joe unhein anathalayon mein bechate hain joe unhein antarrashtriya star parr god lena pasand karate hain kyonki yeh adhik aakarshak haye. paschimi loga prati bachche 40,000 dollar aur usase adhik kaa bhugtan karate hain, dakshin america, asia aur purvi europe key deshon mein gharelu god lene koo hatotsaahit karate hain, inn sabhi koo baal taskari ghotalon key liye uddhrit kiya gayaa haye. bachche paschim mein aaney seey pahale kaee haathon seey gujarate hain-ack prakriya mein god lene vaale pitaa aur bachche aur parivaar key vakeel david aim. samford vishvavidyalaya key center forr biotechnology, low aind ethics key nideshak smollin ney baal dhanshodhan key roop mein pehchaan kii haye-kii praaptakartaon key paas yeh satyaapit karane kaa koee tarika naheen haye kii kyaa way jiss bachche koo god leey rahey hain vaha vaastav mein ack anath haye.
gharelu star parr bhee, garbhavati maataon parr dabaav daala jaataa haye, aur unhein majboor kiya jaataa haye, aksar raajya rekhaaon key paar leey jaaya jaataa haye, alag-thalag kiya jaataa haye, aur bahut hii kamjor samay mein unakaa shoshan kiya jaataa haye. inn maataon key paas bhee sansaadhan naheen hain aur unhein awas aur chikitsa dekhbhal dee jaati haye, lekin una parr apane maataa-pitaa key adhikaaron koo chhodane yaa una kharchon koo chukaane key liye uttardaayi honey key liye 'swechha seey' hastakshar karane kaa dabaav daala jaataa haye.
inn sabhi karanon seey, parivaar sanrakshan key liye ack punrutthan aur naee pratibaddhata haye. kaee deshon ney bachchon koo antarrashtriya star parr god lene kii anumati denaa bund curr diyaa haye, aur sabhi ney antar-deshi god lene key siddhanton koo lagu karane key liye design kiye gaye hegg convention kii pushti kii haye joe yuu koo chhodkar bachche key adhikaaron (see. aar. see.) parr convention mein nihit hain.aiss. joe 2007 mein aisaa karane key liye bataaya gayaa haye. hegg yeh sunishchit karna chaahata haye kii antar-deshi god lene seey isamen shamil logon key liye anuchit vittiya laabh naheen hotaa haye.
2007 mein unicef kii ack press vigyapti mein kahaa gayaa haih "god lena hamesha bachche key liye antim upaay honah chaahiye. see. aar. see., joe unicef key kaam kaa margadarshan kartaa haye, bahut spasht roop seey kahata haye kii harr bachche koo jaba bhee sambhav hoe, apane maataa-pitaa dwara jaanane aur unaki dekhbhal karane kaa adhikaar haye. unicef kaa maanana haye kii apane bachchon kii dekhbhal key liye sahaayata kii aavashyakta vaale parivaaron koo yeh praapt honah chaahiye, aur bachche kii dekhbhal key vaikalpik sadhanon parr tabhi vichaar kiya jaanaa chaahiye jaba iss sahaayata key bavjood, ack bachche kaa parivaar anupalabdh hoe, asamarth hoe yaa usaki dekhbhal karane key liye taiyar naa hoe."" "bachchon key adhikaar hain. yeye adhikaar anivarya roop seey sanyukt rashtra key baal adhikaaron parr sammelan mein aur bachchon key sanrakshan parr aspasht sammelan mein nirdhaarit kiye gaye hain. bachchon aur unake javic maataa-pitaa koo apane parivarik jeevan kaa sammaan karane kaa adhikaar haye.kiss keemat parr god lena?2007 tair days homes-child releaf, lusaane, switzerland"
yeye aaj parivaar sanrakshanvadiyon aur baal kalyan visheshagyon key lakshya hain.
aalochana.
jaba baal kalyan kii baat aatee haye, tou sabhi ichchuk paksh kahate hain kii way vahee chaahte hain joe bachchon key sarvottam hita mein haye. bahas iss baat seey utpann hoti haye kii vaastav mein kaun seey karyakram bachchon key sarvottam hita mein hain. parivaar sanrakshan key adhivaktaon kaa maanana haye kii bachche sabse surakshit hain aur jaba unhein apane maataa-pitaa kii dekhbhal mein rakhaa jaataa haye tou way sabse achchha parinam praapt karate hain. way jokhim vaale parivaaron key liye gharelu sevaayen pradaan karane mein sahaayata karate hain joe vittiya sahaayata seey laker maataa-pitaa kii kakshaon taka hain. samarthak bachche koo ghar seey baahar aur paalak pranali mein leey jaanaa chaahte hain taaki bachche koo antatah sthaayi sthaan mill sakey. way samarthan karate hain kii sarkari vittiya sahaayata paalan-poshan dekhbhal aur niyojan karyakramon kii or jaati haye.
parivaar sanrakshan parr sabse pramukh bahas bachchon kii suraksha haye. parivaar sanrakshan key virodhiyon kaa maanana haye kii yeh bachche koo ghar mein chhod curr khatare mein daal detaa haye. way charam mamalon kaa upayog karate hain, jaise kii media mein bachchon kii suraksha aur parivaar key sanrakshan kaa dhruvikaran karane key prayaas mein report kiye gaye. parivaar sanrakshan paribhasha mein bachchon koo surakshit rakhane kaa ack prayaas haye. baal sanrakshan sudhaar key liye rashtriya gathbandhan aine. see. see. pee. aar. ney parivaar sanrakshan koo "una parivaaron key vyavasthit nirdhaaran key roop mein paribhaashit kiya haye jinamen bachche apane gharon mein reh sakate hain yaa surakshit roop seey ghar laut sakate hain, aur usa suraksha koo sunishchit karane key liye aavashyak sevaaon kaa praavdhaan."way paalan-poshan kii tulanaa mein behtar suraksha track record key liye vaastavik parivaar sanrakshan karyakramon koo paate hain. unake adhyayan aabaadi key badey khandon parr adharit they aur unamen niyantran samooh shamil they, jisase way virodhiyon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale bhayaanak mamle key adhyayan kii tulanaa mein adhik vishvasaniya aur samanya hoe gaye.
gahan parivaar sanrakshan sevaaen [aaee. aff. pee. aiss.] gahan, samay-seemit sevaaen hain joe parivaar key liye unake ghar mein pradaan kii jaati hain. aaee. aff. pee. aiss. koo durvyavahar yaa upeksha key mamalon mein bachchon koo ghar seey hataane seey rokane key liye banaaya gayaa haye. aine. see. see. pee. aar. apane alochakon parr ack adhyayan parr bharosa karke apane sabhi saakshyon kii andekhi karane kaa aarop lagaata haye jisamen gahan parivaar sanrakshan sevaaon [aaee. aff. pee. aiss.] kaa koee prabhaav naheen paaya gayaa. yeh adhyayan yaadrichhik roop seey samoohon koo nirdisht karane yaa aisee sevaaen pradaan karane mein whiffle rhaa joe vaastavik aaee. aff. pee. aiss. key saath tulaniya theen. kirk aind griffith (2004) ney iss adhyayan kii jaanch kii aur pramukh khamiyon kaa pataa lagaaya, khud aaee. aff. pee. aiss. kii kshamata kii phir seey jaanch kii. unhone paaya kii aaee. aff. pee. aiss. ghar seey baahar kii placement koo cumm karane mein prabhaavi haye jaba model tulaniya haye aur sevaaon koo uchit roop seey lakshit kiya jaataa haye.
parivaar sanrakshan key samarthak apane parivaaron aur samudaayon koo sashakt banaate hue bachchon kii raksha karane kaa prayaas karate hain. unakaa maanana haye kii jyaadaatar mamalon mein, bachchon koo unake maataa-pitaa kaa samarthan karke sabse achchi tarah seey sanrakshit kiya jaa sakata haye. aine. see. see. pee. aar. ney tippani kii kii garibi seey peedit parivaar apane bachchon kii dekhbhal key liye samay seemit sahaayata key tahat aavashyak sahaayata praapt naheen curr paayenge, lekin ack baar jaba bachchon koo ghar seey hataa diyaa jaataa haye, tou paalak dekhbhal pranali koo aseemit samay key liye subsidy mill sakati haye. pelton (1993) ney paaya kii garibi seey judee samasyaon koo baal shoshan aur upeksha key roop mein dekhaa jaa rhaa haye. isase maataa-pitaa koo dosh dene kii sthiti paida hoti haye, joe badale mein aavashyak sahaayata key prachaar mein baadha daalati haye. baal suraksha aur kharch donon key aadhar parr aaee. aff. pee. aiss. kii aalochana koo pelton dwara badnam kiya jaataa haye. jaise-jaise garib apani sahaayata khou dete hain, aur badale mein unake bachche, paalak dekhbhal pranali mein bojh badh jaayega. isase prati bachcha prati cases shramikon dwara unhein rakhane key liye sansadhanon koo cumm curr detaa haye yaa unaki dekhbhal key liye surakshit ghar. jaise-jaise bajat daavon aur niyojan kii jaanch kii or badhata jaa rhaa haye, bachchon koo gharon mein rakhane mein madad karane key liye kissy bhee praasangik seva key liye bahut cumm paisa bachaa hoga.
prabhaav mein, adhik bachche pravesh karenge aur pahale seey hii abhibhoot pranali koo badhaayenge. yadi paalak ghar durlabh hoe jaate hain, jisase samooh gharon kaa adhik upayog aavashyak hoe jaataa haye, tou bachche khatare kii bahut adhik darr key sampark mein aaa jaayenge. aine. see. see. pee. aar. samanya aabaadi kii tulanaa mein shaaririk shoshan kii darr seey duss gunaa aur samooh gharon mein yaun shoshan kii darr seey 28 gunaa adhik bataata haye. yeye paalak dekhbhal kii daron kii tulanaa mein kaafee adhik hain joe kramshah teen gunaa aur doguni sambhavana haye.
theman aind dell (1997) ney paaya kii cumm aaya aur kalyan praaptakartaon key apane ghar seey ack bachche koo hataane kii adhik sambhavana naheen haye. isase pataa chalata haye kii cumm aarthik sansaadhan vaale parivaaron koo parivaar sanrakshan sevaaon seey utanaa hii laabh hotaa haye jitna kii uchch aarthik sansadhanon vaale parivaaron koo. yeh iss vichaar koo badnam karega kii kewal garibi hii bachchon koo khatare mein daalati haye. aggar akele garibi seey bachchon koo khatra naheen haye, tou parivaar koo paalak dekhbhal mein ack bachche koo milane vaale samaan sansadhanon koo dene seey behtar parinam prateet hoga. yeh sabse pahale paalan-poshan pranali parr anaavashyak nikasi koo samaapt curr dega. jinn logon koo suraksha karanon seey hataane kii aavashyakta haye, unake paas adhik sansaadhan honge, jisase unhein ghar khojane aur bariki seey nigrani karane kaa behtar mauka milega. doosara, ack bachcha joe paalak pranali mein pravesh naheen kartaa haye, vaha paalak-dekhbhal mein maujood khatron kii sambhavana seey prabhaavit naheen hotaa haye. aur choonki kewal surakshit maane jaane vaale bachchon koo hii ghar mein rahane kii anumati haye, isaliye luptapray bachchon kaa anupaat cumm hoe jaayega. teesara, donon vikalpon mein seey paalak-dekhbhal adhik mahangi haye. aine. see. see. pee. aar. kaa anuman haye kii aaee. aff. pee. aiss. vaastav mein prati dollar ausatan 2.54 dollar kaa laabh detaa haye. jaba bachchon koo ghar mein rakhaa jaataa haye tou bachchon kii bhalai bhee adhik hoti haye. aine. see. see. pee. aar. ney paaya kii garbhavastha, kishore giraftari aur yuvaaon kii berojgari cumm thee, taba bhee jaba unhein aaee. aff. pee. aiss. naheen milaa thaa, lekin kewal baal kalyan agencies dwara dee jaane vaali cumm paaramparik sahaayata thee. isaliye yeh hamari paalak-dekhbhal pranali parr sastaa, surakshit, adhik kushal hoga aur bachchon key kalyan parr behtar hoga yadi way apane praakritik ghar mein rahate hain. yeh parivaar sanrakshan adhivaktaon key liye ack bahut hii majboot tark haye.
mcgoven aind walsh (2000) kaa maanana haye kii aaj kii kalyankari neetiyaan cumm aaya vaali ekal maataon parr hamla hain joe apane bachchon kaa samarthan karane key liye kalyankari laabhon parr nirbhar hain. yeye neetiyaan parivaar sanrakshan seey door hain. 1996 kaa vyaktigat jimmedaari aur kaary avsar adhiniyam paatrata koo samaapt kartaa haye, tanaf parr 5 saal kii jivankal seema rakhta haye, karyabal mein bhagidari koo anivarya kartaa haye, baal dekhbhal kii guaranti koo samaapt kartaa haye aur kalyan parr parivaar kii seema rakhta haye, joe parivaaron key kalyan parr nirbhar honey key baad paida honey vaale bachchon koo sahaayata praapt karane seey rokta haye. 1997 kaa god lene aur surakshit parivaar adhiniyam (aeye. aiss. aff. aeye.) sthaayi yojana kii neeti kii pushti kartaa haye, parivaaron koo phir seey jodane key uchit prayason key liye apavaad paida kartaa haye, baarah maheene key aadhar parr sthaayi sunavaai koo anivarya kartaa haye, samaapti mein teji laataa haye, samvarti yojana (parivaar koo phir seey jodane aur god lene vaale parivaar koo khojane key liye) koo protsaahit kartaa haye, aur god liye gaye bachchon key liye bahut adhik dhana pradaan kartaa haye. inn karyakramon koo parivaar sanrakshan key virodhiyon dwara samarthit kiya jaataa haye. yeh kissy bhee daave kaa khandan kartaa haye kii bachchon kaa sarvottam hita tarkon key liye unakaa aadhar haye. bahut saare saboot hain joe darshaate hain kii parivaar key saath rehna bachche key liye sabse achchha haye. yeye neetiyaan parivaaron koo apane bachchon kii buniyaadi jarooraton key liye sansaadhan pradaan karane kii anumati naheen detee hain. isase dou vikalp nikalate hain. bachchon koo unaki buniyaadi aavashyaktaon kii kamee hoti haye, yaa bachchon koo unake gharon seey baahar nikaal diyaa jaataa haye. inn neetiyon kii viphalata una bachchon key jeevan koo behtar banaane mein whiffle rahane kaa daavaa karati haye jinaki way raksha karane kaa daavaa karate hain, yeh iska apana hii prativaad haye. yeh darshaata haye kii parivaar kaa tootana whiffle hoe jaataa haye.
parivaar key tootane kii viphalata kaa upayog vaastav mein parivaar key sanrakshan key khilaf ack tark key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. vaastav mein, vidhaayak paalak dekhbhal mein bachchon kii badhati sankhya key jawab mein asafa koo paarit karate hain. unhone dekhbhal mein bachchon kii badhati sankhya aur unake rahane kii badhati avadhi key liye parivaar key sanrakshanvadiyon key parivaaron koo phir seey ekjut karane key "asadharan prayason" koo doshi thaharaaya. unhone daavaa kiya kii parivaar sanrakshanvadiyon ney parivaaron koo phir seey ekjut karane key uchit prayason key vichaar kii galat vyakhya kii, kyonki way sabhi lagaton parr phir seey ekjut hoe rahey hain, aur daavaa kiya kii way bachchon koo anaavashyak khatare mein daal rahey hain. unakaa maanana thaa kii asafa ney baal sanrakshan seey oopar baal sanrakshan parr jore diyaa. vaastav mein, aisaa lagata haye kii aasafa bachche key sanrakshan seey oopar parivaar key tootane parr jore detaa haye. parivaar sanrakshan key paas bahut saare pramaan hain kii yeh kaam kartaa haye, jaba ise thheek seey lagu kiya jaataa haye. samasya yeh haye kii parivaar sanrakshan koo vidhaayika dwara anuchit roop seey paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye joe iska virodh karate hain. aaee. aff. pee. aiss. pratikriyaasheel honey key bajaay sakriya hotey hain. parivaar sanrakshan key samarthak bachchon key liye aayojit sthaanon key roop mein paalak-dekhbhal key upayog kaa samarthan naheen karate hain jabaki unake parivaar apani madad karane kii koshish karate hain. way pahali jagah mein paalak-dekhbhal mein rahane vaale bachchon koo maaf naheen karate hain jaba unake maataa-pitaa kii madad kii jaa sakati haye, basharte kii bachchon koo khatare mein naa daala jaae. aaee. aff. pee. aiss. jaldi hastakshep kartaa haye aur jaba sambhav hoe tou paalak-dekhbhal mein bachche koo rakhane seey rokta haye. choonki unake tark mein pahala aadhar galat saabit hotaa haye, isaliye unakaa samagr tark vaidhata khou detaa haye. vaastav mein paalak dekhbhal mein bachchon kii badhati sankhya parivaar key tootane key kaaran haye. aisaa lagata haye kii way iss badee samasya koo hull karane key liye galat disha mein jaa rahey hain. way buss usee disha mein ack badee chhalang lagaa rahey hain joe pahale seey hii whiffle saabit hoe chuki haye.
tark key donon pakshon kii sabse badee kamjori yeh haye kii koee bhee drishtikon saarvbhaumik roop seey sabse achchha naheen hoga. sabhi bachchon koo unake parivaar seey nikaalana kabhi bhee sabse achchha naheen hoga kyonki kuchh khatare mein hain. naa hii sabhi bachchon koo ghar mein chhodana uchit hoga kyonki yeh kuchh logon key liye sabse achchha haye. choonki parivaar sanrakshanvaadi kaa shodh badey aur adhik pratinidhi namoonon parr adharit haye, unake nishkarsh adhik samanya hain. way neeti koo aakar dene key liye behtar saboot bunn jaate hain. parivaar key tootane key paksh mein logon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale cases-studdy mein aabaadi kaa ack bahut chhota hissa hotaa haye aur isaliye ise aabaadi key liye samanya naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. parivaar sanrakshanvadiyon key paas majboot tark hain, aur jaba paribhasha galat naheen haye, tou iska virodh karane vaale unakaa virodh naheen karate hain. unhone dikhaaya haye kii unake karyakram kaam karate hain aur dikhaaya haye kii way virodh karyakramon seey behtar hain. durbhagya seey, saarvajanik neeti virodhi paksh letee prateet hoti haye. jaisa kii parivaar key sanrakshak pahale hii bataa chuke hain, bhavishya mein isake bhayaanak prabhaav padenge.

