martin gerard rutton

martin gerard rutten (22 octuber 1910-13 octuber 1970) ack dutch bhoovigyaani, jeevaashm vigyaani aur jeevvigyaani they. unhone amsterdam aur utract vishvavidyalayon mein bhoovigyaan key professor key roop mein kaam kiya. 
rutton kaa janm indoneshiya key jombang mein bhoovigyaani luis martin robbert aur jeevvigyaani johanna catherina packelharring key ghar huaa thaa. way dutch youth association forr nature studdy mein shamil hoe gaye aur pakshiyon mein shuruati ruchi lii aur apani baad kii yaatraon key dauran dekhe gaye pakshiyon parr sankshep mein prakaashit kiya. apane pitaa kii tarah, joe tail udyog mein bhoovigyaani they, unhone duniya bhar mein bhoovigyaan aur praakritik itihas kii yatra mein ruchi lii. unhone utract vishvavidyalaya mein adhyayan kiya, 1929 mein snaatak kii degree praapt kii, 1933 mein snatkottar kii degree praapt kii, aur 1936 mein cuba mein saanta clara praant key bhoovigyaan parr doctorate kii upaadhi praapt kii, jisaki dekhrekh unake pitaa ney kii. unhone foraminifera aur rudistidae kii jaanch kii. apane pitaa kii tarah, way bhee indoneshiya mein batafshe petroleum matshopies mein shamil hoe gaye, jiss dauran unhone orbitoidae parivaar mein jeevaashm foraminifera parr kaam karna jaari rakhaa, 1941 mein kaam prakaashit kiya. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran way utract mein kaam karane key liye laut aae. yuddh key anta mein unhone germany key british niyantrit hisse mein ack raahat dall key nideshak key roop mein kaam kiya, jisase unaki angreji kii kamaan mein sudhaar karane mein madad millie. way amsterdam vishvavidyalaya mein bhoovigyaan padhaane key liye laut aae. 1951 mein way utract vishvavidyalaya chaley gaye. unhone mishigan vishvavidyalaya, aine arbor mein visiting professor key roop mein kaary kiya. 
rutton key yogdaanon mein bhoomi kii sthiti mein parivartan key sanketak key roop mein aur ayu kii jaanch key saadhan key roop mein jeevaashm chumbakatva kaa upayog thaa. unhone yeh bhee parikalpana kii kii besault key icelandic table pahaad ack burf kii chaadar key neeche laava pravaah seey baney they. unhone bhoogarbhiya prakriyaon (jise unhone yathaarthvaad kahaa) aur jeevan key vikas key samantawadi drishtikon parr likhaa. unhone kahaa kii bhoogarbhiya samay key saath prakriyaaen samaan theen, lekin paryavaraniya sthitiyon mein bhinnata hoe sakati haye jisase drishya prabhaavon mein antar hoe sakata haye. jaise aeye. aaee. haalaanki, unhone iss vichaar kaa samarthan kiya kii jeevan roop vayumandal key okseejankaran seey pahale aae they. unaki antim pustak, "praakritik karanon seey jeevan kii utpatti" 1971 mein maranoparant prakaashit hui thee.

