
castro alves

antonio frederico dee castro alves (14 march 1847-6 julaai 1871) ack brazilian kavi aur natakkar they joe apani unmoolanvaadi aur ganatantravaadi kavitaon key liye prasiddh they. condorist andolan key sabse prasiddh kaviyon mein seey ack, unhone "espumas flutoonts" aur "hinas doo ecudor" jaise classics likhe, jisane unhein apane samkaaleenon mein sabse mahaan pada parr pahuncha diyaa, saath hii "oss ascravos" aur "aeye kachoira dee paulo afonso" jaisi kavitaon key chhandon key saath-saath "gonjaga" naatak key alawa, jisane unhein "oh kavi doses ascravos" (daason key kavi) aur "ganarajya kavi" jaise upnaam arjit kiye, yaa "ack rashtriya kavi, yadi adhik naheen, rashtravadi, samajik, maanav aur maanviya kavi" honey kaa varnan kiya, jokwimo nabo key shabdon mein, "sabse mahaan brazilian, aur kavi key geet", joe kii sabhi mahakavyon mein "affacio", yaa "affacio", joe kii jwalamukhiya kaviyon key sabse adhik pratibha vaale, yaa "affacio", joe kii affacio ", yaa" affacio ", key sabhi romanchkari shabdon mein", "affacio", "affacio", "affacio", "aeye way romantic andolan kaa hissa they, jise vidwan brazil mein "teesari romantic peedhi" kahate hain.
alves ney solah saal kii umr mein apana pramukh nirmaan shuru kiya, satrah (1865) mein "oss ascravos" key liye apane chhandon kii shuruat kii, desh mein vyaapak prasaar key saath, jahaan way samachar patron mein prakaashit kiye gaye aur paath kiye gaye, jisase usa peedhi koo banaane mein madad millie joe desh mein gulami key unmoolan koo praapt karane key liye aaegi. luis gaama, nabuko, rooy barbosa aur jose doo petrokinio key saath, vaha unmoolanvaadi abhiyaan mein khade they, "vishesh roop seey, baahiya castro alves key mahaan kavi kii aakriti. jaba way jeevit they, taba unake baare mein jose dee elenkar ney kahaa thaa kii "unake kaam mein rashtriyata kii shaktishali bhavna, vaha aatma joe mahaan kaviyon koo mahaan nagrikon kii tarah banaati haye". unake sabse badey prabhaav romantic lekhakon victor hyugo, lord byron, lamartin, alfred dee musset aur heinrich hein they.
itihaaskaar armando sauto mayor ney kahaa kii kavi, "jaisa kii sores amora bataate hain, ack or romantic kavita key aagaman key bindu koo chihnit kartaa haye, doosari or vaha pahale seey hii kuchh kavyatmak prakriyaon mein, kuchh chhaviyon mein, raajneetik aur samajik vichaaron mein, yathaarthvaad kii ghoshana curr chuke hain. phir bhee, alves koo sabse mahaan brazilian romantic kavi maanaa jaanaa chaahiye; gulami key khilaf unaki samajik kavita ney usa samay kii samvedanaon koo prerit kiya. manuel bandeira ney kahaa kii "brazil kii kavitaon key inn visfotak aur pramanik roop mein ekmatra aur pramanik roop castro alves thaa, joe vaastav mein ack udaatt bachcha thaa, jiska gaurav aaj unake samajik iraade seey prerit haye joe unhone apane kaam mein daala haye. 
archemimo ornelles key shabdon mein, "hamaare paas castro alves, krantikari; castro alves, unmoolanvaadi; castro alves, ganarajya; castro alves, kalakar; castro alves, americi prakriti key bhoodrishya; castro alves, yuvaaon key kavi; castro alves, saarvbhaumik kavi; castro alves, drashta; castro alves, rashtriya kavi utkrishtata; anta mein, sabhi maanav abhivyaktiyon mein humm usa krantikari shakti koo paa sakate hain joe castro alves thee" aur, sabse badhkar, castro alves usa vyakti key roop mein joe pyaar kartaa thaa aur pyaar kartaa thaa.
praarambhik jeevan.
chikitsak antonio jose alves aur clelia brasilia daa silva castro key bete, antonio frederico dee castro alves kaa janm ravivaar, 14 march, 1847 koo subah duss baje cabasiras farm mein huaa thaa. kavi kaa parivarik upnaam "ccu" thaa. unhone apana praarambhik bachpan baahiya key bheetari ilaakon mein bitaaya, jisane unhein apane baaki jeevan key liye ack amit chhaap banaae rakhaa, afrinio pixoto key shabdon mein. 
usaki dekhbhal naukarani leopoldina dwara kii gaee thee, jisane usey "serto" kii kahaaniyan aur kinvadantiyaan sunai theen, aur uska betaa gregorio alves kaa prishth bunn jaayega. unhone saao felix mein praathamik vidyalaya mein padhaai kii. apane badey bhaai key saath, unhone apani praarambhik kakshaaen ack shikshak aur jose pixoto daa silva naamak chikitsak key saath kii theen, aur abhijaat varg key logon koo yaad haye kii way school key shikshak antonio frederico loop kii kaksha mein kaichoira shahar mein donon key sahayogi they.
unhone apane bachpan key pahale pyaar, leonidia frega koo usa avadhi seey, archemimo ornelles key shabdon mein rakhaah "vaha usase ack bachche key roop mein, caralinho mein milaa thaa, jaba way donon ghaas key maidanon mein khelate they. ornella kavi key chhandon koo iss smriti key liye shreya dete hainh "jaba bachpan khushi seey, uddeshyaheen roop seey bahata thaa (...) merey bachpan mein aapka pratibimb dikhaai detaa thaa/maine aapke naram, chhote haathon koo chooma thaa. / aapke paas divya pankhon kii ack lahar thee... / aap they-vishvaas key doot!...; vaha usase phir seey dou baar milega.
1854 mein, jaba parivaar praant kii rajdhani mein chalaa gayaa, tou way shuru mein ack "sobrado" mein rahane gaye, jahan julia bhroon, junoon key aparaadh kaa shikaar, rahata thaa. bhroon kii hatyaa 1848 mein bees saal kii umr mein usake mangetar ney curr dee thee. ladke antonio frederico ney vahaan nivaas mein rahane vaale bhooton kii kahaaniyan sunee theen. kavi kii pasandida bahan banane vaali adelide kaa janm vaheen huaa thaa. nivaas ruaa doo rosario mein thaa, naheen. 1, lekin agale varsh way phir seey ruaa doo paako chaley gaye, naheen. 47. castro alves ney iss samay collegio sebro mein adhyayan kiya. way dou saal taka iss school mein rahey.
1858 mein, apane bhaaiyon key saath, alves ginacio bayano gaye, joe prasiddh shikshak abilio cessor borges key swaamitva mein thaa, joe macaubas kaa bairan thaa. vahaan, unhone ack upajaau saanskritik vatavaran paaya, pixoto key record menh "...ack saahityik vatavaran, joe 'oiteros' yaa soyareez dwara nirmit thaa, phir fashion mein, kalaa partiyon, sangeet, kavita, chhandon aur bhashanon kaa paath, joe unhein bahakaata thaa "aur yeh kii isase vaha apani pratibha koo bahut jaldi prakat curr detaa thaah" hamaare kavi ney khud koo prakat kiya, shayed terah saal kii umr seey pahale, usa umr mein, nishchit roop seey, jisase pahali sanrakshit rachanaon kii tarikh thee.  vaastav mein, 1859 seey 1861 taka key varsh unake pahale chhandon kii tithiyaan hain.
"decembargardor" "soozaa pitanga ney 1918 mein riyo dee janeiro mein diye gaye ack vyakhyan mein, apane sahayogi plinio dee lima koo yaad karate hue, ginacio bayano mein vatavaran koo darj kiyaah..sunder patron kii yeh komal aur aatithyashil jagir, jahan bhavishya key liye ichchuk ummidvaaron kaa ack prafullit aur utsaahi dall shikshan pujaariyon key bharpur honthon seey gyaan kii dhaarmik rotty praapt karane jaa rhaa thaa. unake anusaar, vahaan "aam key pattedaar pedon kaa ack chhayadar upavan thaa, jahan sikada samooh mein gaate they" aur "divangat nirdeshak dow. abilio seasure borge, apane seedhe vyavhaar aur neck vyavhaar key saath haavi, nabaligon kaa ack dall joe 18 saal key yuva purushon seey laker 7 saal key bachchon taka seey banaa thaa. pitanga ney yaad kiya kii, professors mein, ernesto carnero ribeiro, aduardo frederico alekjendar aur antonio damasio alag they; samkaaleen chhatron mein abhijaat varg key loga milton, antonio alves dee karwalhal, odorico mendes, rui barbosa aur teen castro alves bhaai they.
1859 mein castro alves kii maan kii mrityu parivaar key nuksan kii shuruat thee. clelia brasilia "fefadon kii kamjori kaa shikaar" thee aur usane virodh naheen kiya. hinsak hangame seey prabhaavit hocker aur bhaavnaatmak samasyaon kii shuruat kaa khulasa karate hue, usake bhaai jose antonio ney khud koo khidki seey baahar fenkane kii koshish karate hue aatmahatya karane kii dhamki dee.
1861 mein, collegio bayano mein ack chhaatr key roop mein, unhone "master off dha haart", antonio dee massedo costa, joe marr chuke they, key sammaan mein kaee samachar patron mein chhandon koo prakaashit kiya. kavyatmak shraddhanjali" saat aksharon key saath aathh sextiles seey bunny thee.
recife mein jeevan.
25 janwari 1862 koo, maria ramos guimarus key saath apane pitaa kii shaadi key turant baad, aur kewal chaudah saal kii umr mein, castro alves apane badey bhaai key saath racif shahar mein chaley gaye, taaki usa rajdhani key kaanoon key sankaay seey judey ack praarambhik pathyakram mein dakhila leey sakein, jisamen shamil honey kaa irada thaa. vaha jald hii akaadamik yuvaaon kii samajik gatividhiyon mein shamil hoe gaye, jaisa kii afronio pixoto ney kahaah "taba akadami kaa vyast aur dheela jeevan, jahaan pratibhashali yuva dikhaai dene key liye sangharsh karate they, castro alves kii udaar prakriti, joe cumm umr seey hii mahaan samajik karanon seey milane vaale gaurav kii akanksha rakhate they, unhein ack tribune aur ack kavi banaa diyaa, joe sankaay, chhaatr samajon, rangmanch key darshakon mein saarvajanik satron seey door naheen they, shuru seey hii taaliyon aur abhivaadan seey uksaayaa gayaa thaa joe unhein praapt honey lagey they, aur apothosis key ack uchch star parr chaley gaye.
jaise hii vaha recife mein pahunche, vaha apane bhaai key saath saao francisco key convent mein rahate they aur vahaan seey way ruaa doo hospicio parr ack shayankaksh mein chaley gaye, jahan unake bhaavi behnoi aur unake mahaan dost augusto alvares guimarus bhee baad mein rahate they. zavier marcus dou bhaaiyon koo yaad karate hain, firah jose antonio sharan mein pagal logon koo alvares dee azevedo padhata haye aur vaha, castro alves, "billiards khelate hue, chitra banaate hue aur chhand likhate hue". ack aur mahaan mitra, luis cornelio doss santos, joe unaki mrityu taka unake saath rahey, ney bataaya kii way phir capybaribe key tata parr, recife key ack dooradraj key pados mein rahane gaye, jahan vaha aksar unake peechhe tahalate they, jisamen vaha ack notebook seey kavitaaen padhate they, joe baad mein khou gaee theen. usa avadhi key baare mein santos ney likhaah "iss ladke kii aatma ack atulaniya shuddhata kii thee; usaki buddhi mein chamak thee joe bijli kii tarah chamakati thee-ack bachche key roop mein hyugo aisaa hii thaa" aur khoye hue notebook key baare menh "vaha chhoti see kitab khou gaee thee; una panktiyon mein seey ack bhee naheen joe aaj kavitaon key samriddh khajaane mein haye joe usane hamein viraasat mein dee haye.
iss avadhi key baare mein, antonio loriro dee soozaa ney likhaah "vaha jeevit haye, aur achchi tarah seey rahata haye, uska samay, pyaar aur kavita key beach uttejit-usake astitva kaa kaaran. recife mein, vaha apane saathi deshwasi plinio dee lima key bahut karib hoe gaeh "unhone ack saath ack hii samachar patra likhaa aur tobias barretto key netritva mein vartamaan key khilaf ack hii saahityik abhivinyas thaa. afranio pixoto ney apane roop kaa varnan kiyaah "usa samay vaha ack sunder yuva vyakti thaa, ack patali banaavat, peela rung, badee jeevant aankhen, kaale aur ghaney baal, ack shaktishali aur saamanjasyapurna aavaaj, kaale, uphaaron aur shishtachar mein aparivartaniya roop seey taiyar thaa, jisane bheed koo prabhaavit kiya, khud koo purushon aur mahilaaon kii prashansa key liye lagu kiya, joe sabse komal bhaavanaon koo prerit kartaa thaa.
maee 1863 mein, unhone "aeye canao doo africano" (samachar patra "primavera" key pahale ank mein) mein prakaashit karke apani poorvata kaa ack udaaharan diyaa. afranio pixoto ney kahaa kii recife mein, yaa shayed pahale, unhone apana "vyavasaay ack unmoolanvaadi key roop mein" paaya aur nishkarsh nikaalah "aggar koee poorvavarti naheen hotey, tou koee bhee adhik purvagaami naheen hotaa": vaha kewal solah saal kaa thaa. lekin march mein unhone college pravesh pariksha dee thee, jyaamiti mein whiffle raheh "vaha hamesha ganit mein ruchi rakhate they", afrinio pixoto key shabdon mein, jinhone iss viphalata koo iss tathya key saath uchit thaharaaya kii kaksh usa samay bund they, iss prakaar unake liye ack shrota key roop mein sashart namankan karane key liye notice praapt karna asambhav hoe gayaa. iss avadhi seey sub kuchh khou naheen gayaa thaah kavitaaen "pesadello", "miyu segrado" aur "cansao" sanrakshit theen, isake alawa "ack canao doo africano".
purtagaali abhinetri eugenia infent daa kamara 1858 mein brazil aaee theen, jinhone dakshin seey uttar kii yatra karate hue company dramatic fertado coelho key saath desh kaa daura shuru kiya thaa. unhein ack sunder mahila naheen maanaa jaataa thaa, lekin unhein "ack asadharan kripa, buddhiman, shikshit, chusti seey ghiraa huaa aur jeevant, pralobhan aur ekal sanak seey bharaa huaa" thaa. kavi pandrah saal seey adhik umr key they jaba unhone unhein pahali baar salvador key saao joao theatre mein "dalila" naatak prastut karate hue dekhaa, aur phir unhein unase pyaar hoe gayaa. vaha usey kaee varshon baad company kii mukhya abhinetri key roop mein phir seey dekhenge. afranio pixoto ney sujhaav diyaa kii usa junoon kii shuruat joe unake jeevan mein itna prabhaav daalegi, sambhavatah iss samay seey haye.
9 farwari 1864 koo, unake bhaai jose antonio, joe maheenon pahale pagal hoe gaye they, ney aatmahatya curr lii. itani saaree pratikultaon kaa saamana karna padaa, aur fefadon kii samasyaon key kaaran, castro alves baahiya laut aae. iss prakaar unhein college seey kaee baar anupasthiti millie, jiska namankan vaha antatah praapt karane mein kamyab rhaa thaa, aur apane pahale varsh mein whiffle rhaa; tapedik seey peedit honey parr unhein "mosiday ee morte" (jiska mool sheershak "oh tisico" hoga) naamak chhand milenge, jahan unhone likhaah
vaha kewal 18 march 1865 koo fagandes varela key saath recife key liye laute; 10 agast koo, unhone kaanoon key sankaay mein "oh sabio" kaa paath kiya aur usa maheene kii 19 tarikh koo paraguan yuddh key liye swayamsevakon kii shaikshanik batalian mein bharti hue, lekin swaasthya pariksha mein whiffle rahey. usee varsh, unhone "oss ascravos" kii rachana shuru kii, aur ack saal badee ladki, idalina seey mulakat kii. ornella key shabdon mein, vaha "pahali mahila thee jisane khud koo poori tarah seey castro alves kii mohak shakti key liye dey diyaa", jisane bataaya kii yuvak apane premi seey santo amaro pados mein milaa, aur usake saath rahane key liye chalaa gayaa "ruaa doo lima mein ack chhote seey safed ghar mein, pados kii jigyasu aankho key neeche", jaankaari aanshik roop seey reguira costa dwara virodhabhasi thee, jisane usa samay apane dost seey milane kii soochana dee theeh "main usey khojane gaee thee (...jiss ghar mein vaha rahata thaa, apane swabhaav key praakritik prabhaav kaa paalan karate hue) apani aakarshak idalina key saath rahata thaa, "oss ascravos" key liye kavita taiyar kartaa thaa, jisane usey bataaya, firah "main apane padosiyon seey bahut khush huun, usane mujhe bataaya, vahaan-pagal loga... (dow. ramos kaa dharamshala)-daaeen or, mrit... (saarvajanik kabristan kii or ishara karate hue). idalina poori tarah seey agyaani naheen thee jaise kii "inn durbhagyapurna mahilaaon mein seey adhikaanshah ashikshit aur binaa samvedansheelta key"; vaha piano bajaa sakati thee aur gaa sakati thee, joe ack samriddh prishthabhoomi koo darshaati thee, aur apane "alabastrine peele galey" seey uska manoranjan karati thee.
castro alves ney khud koo iss tarah key kamuk "vichalit karane" key saath-saath kavita key prati samarpan kii anumati dee, iss tathya key kaaran kii vaha pichhale varsh kii kakshaon koo dohra rahey they, jiska unhone pahale hii adhyayan curr liya thaa; haalaanki, unhein aarakshan key saath manjuri dee gaee thee, shayed ack purtagaali shikshak key utpeedan key kaaran joe unhein pasand naheen karate they. phir seey fagunds varela kii company mein, vaha 16 disambar koo baahiya laut aaya; isake saath hii usake premi key saath ack poorna viram thaa, aur shayed usane phir kabhi idalina koo naheen dekhaa. varshon baad unhone iss romans key baare mein kavita "aves dee aribao" likhi. usee varsh, unhone leonidia frega koo phir seey dekhaa, unakaa bachpan kaa pyaar aur jinase unase "vaadaa" kiya gayaa thaa; aggar apane bachpan koo yaad karane vaali kavita mein unhone unhein "vishvaas kaa doot" kahaa, tou nae chhandon mein unhone usa mahila kii doosari mulakat koo yaad kiya, joe hamesha bheetari ilaakon mein unakaa intezar karati theeh
unake pitaa, apane sabse badey bete jose antonio kii mrityu seey naitik aur shaaririk roop seey hill gaye, jinake rishtedaron aur parichiton key anusaar unake prasiddh bhaai kii tulanaa mein adhik pratibha hogi aur jinase unake pitaa koo bahut ummeeden theen, unake swaasthya aur bhee najuk they, way beriberry kii mahamari kaa virodh naheen curr sakey joe salvador mein ugra thee aur 24 janwari 1866 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee, kavi aur unake jeevit bhaaiyon koo anath key roop mein chhod diyaa; castro alves ack "khatarnak umr mein, jisamen dishaaen varnit hain, astitva mein hain. recife mein, apane nuksan key dou dinn baad, unake makaan malik ney "diarrhoe dee parnambuko" mein ack vigyaapan prakaashit kiya jisamen unase bakaaya kiraya manga gayaa thaah "shree key roop mein lambe samay taka. akaadamik antinio dee castro alves usa ghar key liye 63 hazaar rupaye kaa kiraya naheen detaa haye jahan vaha ruaa doss coelhose parr rahata thaa, vaha iss samachar patra mein apana naam dekhega. 1866 mein bhee, unhein ester aur simmi, dou yahudi bahanon, vyaapaari isaq amazalak kii betiyon seey pyaar hoe gayaa, joe sodder mein parivaar key ghar key karib rahati theen; alves ney kavita "ack hebreya" likhi, jise unhone "sabse sunder koo samarpit" karate hue donon bahanon koo bheja, jisase unake beach vivaad paida hoe gayaa.
ashurachana aur ghoshana mein mahaarat.
romantic condorists key beach ack dhaarana thee, aur naa kewal castro alve mein, kii kavita duniya koo badal sakati haye aur isake liye, unake dwara sanrakshit aadarshon (unmoolan, ganarajya, loktantra, aadi) key prasaar mein saarvajanik sthaanon parr kabja karane kii aavashyakta thee.); haalaanki, unamen seey koee bhee apani lokpriyata aur kavya kalaa koo drishyata dene kii kshamata taka naheen pahuncha.
recife mein, castro alves apane sudhaaron aur aitihaasik kshanon mein apane pradarshanon key liye khade they jisamen unhone saarvajanik raay koo aakarshit kiya; isaliye 1866 kii shuruat mein, usee sadak parr jahan way rahate they, vaha augusto guimarus, rooy barbosa, plinio dee lima, reguira costa aur anya logon key saath ack unmoolanvaadi samaaj kii sthaapana mein shamil hoe gaye. soochibaddh honey mein ruchi vyakt karane key bavjood, vaha paragviyan yuddh key prati sahaanubhooti naheen rakhate they-ack aisee bhavna joe unhein apane dost maisil pinhiro koo deshbhakti kii shraddhanjali dene seey naheen rokti thee, joe yuddh key rangmanch key liye ravaana hoe gaye they. gantantra kii raksha mein ack lokpriya pradarshan mein, jise pulis ney dabaaya, unhone ack ashurachana kaa uchchaaran kiya, jisamen unhone kahaah "varg, varg logon kaa haye/jaise akash kondor kaa haye..."; yaa yahaan taka kii ambrosio portugal mamle key dauran tatkalik" "aeye mosidad academa" ", jahan unhone yuvaaon koo ruaa doo imperdore parr ack khidki seey bulaayaah" "aap, desh key sitaare, uthein! / badnami key saamane, koee bhee raktaheen naheen haye (...) kaanoon lokpriya adhikaar koo barkarar rakhta haye,/humm sahee sthiti koo banaae rakhate hain!"; yaa, abhee bhee, tobias barretto key saath jhadapon key dauran eugenia key bachaav mein joe neeche dekhaa jaaegaah" "aap kii or aakarshit karna uthanaa/jameen parr girna khadaa honah haye. ack samkaaleen, vicent azevedo ney record kiyaah "aur vaha ack emeritus key roop mein drishya koo taiyar karna jaanate they. inn avsaron key liye, unhone apane chehare parr chawal kaa aataa daala, taaki unaki peelapan aur bhee badh sakey; unake honthon parr thodaa saa carmine (oh! yuvavastha key manmohak bhram) aur baalon mein bahut tail joe vaha apane sunder sir seey daaltaa haye.
varshon baad, saao paulo mein, martim francisco terresira ney pahali baar abhineta joaquim augusto ribeiro dee soozaa key laabh key liye ack show mein saao jose tehaate mein castro alves koo ghoshit karate hue dekhaa, joe naa kewal kavi key karishma kaa vaastavik ayam detaa haye, balki logon parr isake prabhaav kaa bhee kaaran banata haih "bahut saare loga, koee khaali jagah naheen. pardaa oopar jaataa haye. kalakar munch parr kataar mein khade hotey hain, jisamen labharthi pramukh hotaa haye. sabhi kii aankhen dusare crum key antim boxes kii or mudati hain, munch key baain or, jahan baahiya key yuvak kii sunder, achchi tarah seey anupaatit, lokpriya aakriti dikhaai detee haye. kaale, lahardaar baal; chaudi, dhvanyaatmak aavaaz; aatmavishvaas seey bharaa uchchaaran, jaise kii rook gayaa hoe; bhaav aur shabd nirantar samanjasya mein, dhyaan aur hriday parr haavi, utsaahpurna sabhagar kii adheerta aur vivek; aashcharyajanak safalata! isase adhik paripurna paath kii kalpana karna asambhav haye. taaliyan, bahut taaliyan. bheed parr pratibha kii, gadya parr kavita kii, saamoohik bhavna parr vyakti kii, ack poorna vijay, aur nishkarsh nikaalah "yeh dekhaa jaataa haye, yeh mahsoos kiya jaataa haye kii akaadamik yuvaaon kii aatma koo apane pasandida aadarsh key adhikatam kaarak parr garv haye.
eugenia kamara aur tobias barretto.
1864 key baad seey, castro alves key parivaar koo apane saman mein eugenia camer kii ack tasveer millie thee, aur usake baare mein chinta karane lagaa; afranio pixoto aur javier marcus, halanki, usa sateek tarikh parr asahmat they jaba pyaar shuru huaa, halanki unnis saal kii umr mein sahmat they aur jaba castro alves pahale seey hii "sabse sunder aadami kalpana karane yogya thaa. lamba, majboot, patala, thodaa gahara rung, chauda maathe, kaali aankhen, tirchha aur prahaar, seedhi naak, kamuk honth aur, apane shaktishali sir parr, ack ghaney aur lambe baalon kaa kaalaa sheersh, kaalaa, chamakdaar, jiska pralobhan vaha jaanata thaa "aur pahale seey hii ack thhos bauddhik prishthabhoomi thee jisane usey kaanoon key sankaay koo" hilaane "key baad bahut lokpriyata dee thee jaba usane" oh seculo "kaa paath kiya thaa. unhone apane sahayogi tobias barretto key khilaf brazil key saahityik itihas mein sabse jeevant yugal mein seey ack mein abhinay kiya.
castro alves aur tobias barretto taba taka dost they aur unhein recife kii akadami kii dou sabse badee abhivyaktiyon key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa; lekin barretto, duss saal badey, koo ack asambandhit swabhaav key saath ghabaraae hue key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa-castro alves key vipareet, jise "ack komal prakriti key saath dekhaa jaataa thaa joe unhein jaanane vaalon koo aakarshit kartaa thaa. donon key beach vivaad taba huaa jaba barretto koo abhinetri adelide amral seey pyaar hoe gayaa, usee company seey joe eugenia kemar key roop mein thee, aur baad vaale key nuksan key liye uska bachaav karna shuru curr diyaa. iss prakaar, shahar mein dou dalon kaa gathan kiya gayaa jisamen pratyek samooh ney apane vichaaron kaa bachaav kiya, jisake baare mein george amado ney baad mein tippani keeh "jaise kii taba seey natakon, natakon aur traasdiyon kaa anta taba naheen hotaa jaba pardaa girata haye. donon dalon aur donon netaaon key madhyam seey darshakon mein pradarshan jaari haye. upman, taaliyan aur buu, chhand aur naare, usa samay key naatakiya chashme key poorak hain.
ack raat key baad jisamen tobias aur usake sahyogiyon ney eugenia kii booing kii, castro alves ney jawab mein ack jabardast tareeke seey sudhaar kiya aur kuchh dinon baad, ack nae takraav mein, apane pratidvandi parr ack naee jeet "yadgar chhandon" key saath, jahaan alves ney iss tathya kii or ishara kiya kii adelide vivaahit thaa aur isaliye vishvaasghaatah "main ack ebri huun, main paudhon/potifar kii patni koo choomata naheen huun...", vivaad koo press key prishthon taka leey jaataa haye aur barretto key liye ack shandar haar kii or leey jaataa haye. iss prakaar castro alves ney apani malkin aur janata parr vijay praapt kii aur pahale seey hii apane pitaa koo khou dene key baad, unhone "apani kamuk sanak kii vinamrata" bhee khou dee.
unakaa junoon aur aagrah aisaa thaa kii eugenia kamar key paas apane utpeedan key liye kuchh karane key alawa kuchh naheen thaa. phir vaha ameer bookiper verissimo chavs key saath rahati thee, joe usaki vilasita key liye bhugtan kartaa thaa. ack premi key saath dusare key liye chhod diyaa gayaa, jaba vaha baahiya key daure parr ravaana hui tou usane company kaa anusaran naheen kiya, aur taba yuva castro alves key saath ruaa doo bairo parr ack chhote seey ghar mein rahane key liye chully gaee, jaboato key raaste mein. castro alves iss prakaar apani chhutti seey chook gaye aur vahaan "gonjaga" naatak kii rachana kii, karyon kaa anuvaad kiya aur yahaan taka kii ack upanyaas likhana shuru curr diyaa (joe khou gayaa thaa). way maee 1867 taka shahar mein rahey, jaba way donon salvador key liye ravaana hue.
baahiya seey hocker gujarna.
salvador mein, dampati shahar key kendra mein hotal figueredo mein rahey, castro alves kii ichcha key jawab mein kii unhein dekhaa jaae, baahiya key samaaj kaa upman; lekin jald hii abhinetri ney, pyaar key saath feaky honey key saath, munch parr lautane kii ichcha vyakt kii aur donon koo quinta daa bova vista mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, jahan dow. alves sthit thaa aur jahan parivaar kuchh varshon taka rahata thaa (usa samay castro alves key pitaa kii mrityu key baad ghar koo chhod diyaa gayaa thaa). eugenia ney ack company mein pradarshan karna shuru kiya joe saao joao theatre mein sanchaalit theeh vahaan unhone 20 juuna 1867 koo shuruat kii, aur donon kavitaon key liye unaki sarahana kii gaee, joe unhone vahaan paath kii safalata koo dohrate hue padhaa.
7 sitambar koo, naatak "gonjaga" kaa premiere huaa, jisamen eugenia mukhya bhoomika mein thee, aur safalata itani badee thee kii abhinetri koo apani yogyata key liye rajat mukut milaa. afranio pixoto ney 1917 mein usa kshan kaa varnan kiyaah "anta mein, 7 sitambar koo, gonjaga munch parr aataa haye, jisamen eugenia maria kii bhoomika mein haye, ack yadgar saahityik utsav joe nishchit roop seey castro alves koo pavitra kartaa haye, ack khule drishya mein taaj pahanaaya jaataa haye, bheed key pralaap mein joe usey apani baahon mein ack dawat key liye leey jaataa haye aur phir hamesha abhivaadan key beach apane ghar jaataa haye. unaki lokpriyata mein vriddhi hui, lekin vishesh roop seey abhinetri kii or seey unhein parnambuko mein ekjut karane kaa utsaah cumm hoe gayaah castro alve mein, irshya badhee, joe ladaai aur hinsak drishyon kaa kaaran thaa; eugenia riyo dee janeiro kii yatra karna chaahata thaa aur castro alves ney saao paulo mein sthanantarit honey kaa faisala kiya, jahaan kuchh dost pahale seey hii low college mein sakriya they aur jahaan eugenia unake liye vishvaasghaat thaa.
riyo dee janeiro aur saao paulo mein.
10 farwari 1868 koo, castro alves ney riyo dee janeiro key liye eugenia key saath, steamer "piccardy" parr savaar hocker, saao paulo jaane seey pahale ack sankshipt padaav key liye yatra shuru kii. riyo mein, fernandes daa kunha seey ack sifarish patra laker, alves ney prasiddh lekhak jose dee elenkar seey apana parichay karaaya, jinake paas unhone "aeye cascata dee paulo afonso" (kavita kaa asthaayi sheershak) key rekhaachitra padhe. iss baithak key parinamswarup 22 farwari koo samachar patra "corio mercantil" mein prakaashit elenkar kaa lekh "umm kavi" aaya. elenkar ney machado dee assis koo ack anushansa patra key saath castro alves bhee prastut kiya jisamen unhone nimnalikhit shabdon key saath "daason key kavi" kaa sanket diyaah "yuva daante key kunwari banein, unhein pathaheen maargon parr leey jaaen jahaan koee nirasha, udasinta aur anta mein mahima kii or jaataa haye, joe pratibha key divya comedy key teen adhikatam vritt hain.
riyo dee janeiro mein castro alves key rahane key dauran, brazil key samrajya ney humayata key safal maarg key saath paraguan yuddh mein jeet hassil kii. ack badee bheed sadakon parr daud padee, upalabdhi kaa jashn manaate hue, aur castro alves "diarrhoe doo riyo dee janeiro" samachar patra kii balkani mein chaley gaye (ruaa doo ovidor mein, naheen. 97), jahan unhone "apani ack durlabh yoddha kavita, paristhiti key chhand, bheed dwara saraahe gaye, press dwara saraahe gaye" pixoto key shabdon mein, lekin yeh swayam baad mein usa pandulipi mein likhenge jisamen unhone kavita darj kii theeh "ise prakaashit naa karein" (ack sifarish joe unake kaam key sampadakon dwara anusaran naheen kii gaee). yeh bhee iss samachar patra key ack holl mein thaa kii unake paas "gonjaga" key drishya they, joe unake naatak they, joe buddhijiviyon key ack chhote seey darshakon key saamane prastut kiye gaye they, jise baad mein samachar patra ghoshana karega kii shree dwara "puraskar" diyaa gayaa thaa. castro alves. vinamra honey kaa naatak karane key bavjood aisee safaltaon ney unhein garv seey bhar diyaa; march mein vaha eugenia key saath saao paulo kii rajdhani mein gaye, jahan unhone yuvaaon seey prashansa praapt kii, aur joaquim nabuko jaisi hastiyon kii irshya.
saao paulo mein, castro alves ney freemasonary key america lodge mein bhaag liya, jisamen seey rui barbosa ack sakriya sadasya thaa, jisane isamen, apane sadasyon koo turant una daason koo riha karane key liye majboor karate hue ack decree jaari kii joe unake they. saao paulo lodge pahale seey hii raajneetik paridrishya parr ack pramukh sansthaan thaa, aur saao paulo key kaanoon sankaay key yuva chhatron kii bhagidari ney "attenue" mein apani bhagidari kaa anusaran kiya, joe kii isake chhaatr nikaay thaa, jisamen alves "saahitya aayog" kaa sadasya thaa, jisamen joaquim nabuko bhee ack sadasya thaa. shaikshanik samay mein rui barbosa aur castro alves bhee "bucha polyesta" kaa hissa they, joe mool roop seey german berschanshaft parr adharit ack gupt kanuni samaaj thaa, jiska uddeshya anishchit sthitiyon mein chhatron kaa samarthan karna thaa, lekin joe saao paulo mein, ack samajik prakriti praapt kii joe akaadamik vatavaran seey parey thee aur aapsi samarthan key madhyam seey desh mein satta mein aaee, iss bindu taka kii brazil key 1891 key samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar karane vaale aayog mein paanch pratibhagiyon mein seey teen "bucha" key sadasya they.
paul mein, alves ney college key teesare varsh mein bhee bhaag liya, jahan, adhyayan key liye bahut samarpan key binaa, vaha paas karane mein kamyab rahey. eugenia key saath sthiti ladaai, algaav aur sulah dwara chihnit sankaton key beach jaari rahee; usane apane naatak "gonjaga" key saath pradarshan karna jaari rakhaa. archemimo ornelas key anusaar, shahar ney usey joe safalata dee thee, usane usey "eugenia kii upeksha" curr dee aur vaha "badala lene key liye, anya premiyon kii talash karegi", jise usane andekha karane kaa naatak kiya kyonki eugenia abhee bhee usake liye nirantar thaa. octuber mein unhone abhee bhee naatak mein abhinay kiya aur ack "sangharsh viram" thaa, jisane halanki, unake bevafa aacharan key baare mein afvaahon key kaaran nae aur majboot ladaaiyon koo raasta diyaa, jisaki parinati nishchit algaav mein huih "antim prakaran apratyaashit hinsa kaa thaa. abhinetri ney darwaaje kii or ishara kiya..."
shikaar durghatana aur pair kaa katna.
saarvajanik prastutiyon key liye lagaatar coll aur eugenia key saath bhavuk naatak key kaaran honey vaale bhaavnaatmak thakawat kaa saamana karate hue, kavi "gahan avasaad" kaa shikaar hoe gayaa aur ekant key kshanon kii talash kii. "maine naheen padhaa, maine naheen likhaa; main ghoomata rhaa, dhumrapan kartaa rhaa, shikaar karane gayaa, binaa goli chalaae", afronio pixoto ney kahaa.
1 navambar 1868 koo, pixoto key anusaar, castro alves key tapedik key bigadate hue koo yaad karate hueh "vaha brass key baahari ilaake mein ack dinn bitaane gayaa thaa, aur usa dinn dopahar mein usane apani shotgun lii thee aur graameen ilaakon mein chalaa gayaa thaa. jaba ack khaai koo paar karate samay, kood key saath, bandook neeche kii or muda gaee aur leed load alves key baaen pair seey takra gayaa. vaha apane dost aur samvaadaata, baahiya key doctor, lopes doss anjos, [joe] key ghar mein khud koo kheenchane mein saksham thaa, phir usey shahar key ghar leey gayaa, ruaa doo imperdore parr, vartamaan sankhya key buggle mein. 33. iss doctor aur dost key alawa, sarjan candido borges montero, itana key bairan aur praant key adhyaksh ney bhee unaki madad kii. lekin ghaav bigad gayaa, ilaaj kii koee ummeed naheen thee, aur purani fuffusiya beemaariyaan jaag gaeen, prabhaavshaali.
usa avadhi key dauran, unake dost luis cornelio, joe adalat mein rahate they, ney unhein vahaan bulaaya, jahan chikitsa sansaadhan behtar they. 19 march 1869 koo, unhone antatah ack dost key saath santos mein yatra shuru kii. jinn logon koo vaha vyaktigat roop seey alvida kahane mein saksham naheen they, unhone akhbar "yapiranga" mein prakaashit ack nott key madhyam seey aisaa kiya, jisane pahale unake jaane kii ghoshana kii thee aur 30 tarikh koo unhone saao paulo shahar mein apane doston koo dhanyavaad kaa ack bhavpurn patra "coro polystano" mein prakaashit kiya.
castro alves 21 march koo riyo dee janeiro mein pahunche; vahaan unakaa ack angachhedan huaa, jisamen riyo dee janeiro key chikitsa sankaay key sarjan aur professor, aur trade pertains aur mattus dee andrade ney abhinay kiyaah unhone binaa kissy sangyaaharan key unake nichale baaen anga koo kaat diyaa. kaee haemoptices seey badhee fuffusiya sthiti ney chloroform (taba ekmatra anaesthetic saadhan) kaa upayog asambhav banaa diyaah dard koo cumm karane key liye unake paas kaatane key liye kewal ack rumal thaa. pixoto ney bataaya kii unhone dard koo haasya key saath prachhann karate hue kahaah "ise kaaten, kaaten, doctor... baaki manavata kii tulanaa mein merey paas cumm padaarth reh jaayega.
juuna key pahale dinon mein kii gaee sergery kii soochana saao paulo akhbar "yapiranga" ney 21 julaai koo dee thee; lambe swaasthya laabh kii shuruat hui jisamen kavi, abb lakadi kaa kritrim anga pahane hue, ack "nae vasant" taka pahunchane kii kalpana karate they. usa avadhi key dauran jaba vaha luis cornelio aur apani patni key saath rahey, unakaa ghar "chhota sailoon" bunn gayaa, jahan aksar yuva kalakar aur buddhijivi aatey they, aur unake paas candida aur laura kii tarah sankshipt junoon they, jinhen unhone kavita "oss anjos daa meeya-noit" (aadhi raat key swargadoot) mein yaad kiya.
lekin vaha abhee bhee usa pyaar seey prabhaavit thaa joe usane eugenia kemar key saath samaapt kiya aur 17 navambar koo, usane abhinetri koo "adius" key chhand likheh "alvida! hamesha key liye alvida! havaaon kii aavaaz/mujhe chattanon key khilaf peetane key liye bulaati haye,/main jaa rhaa huun... jald hii samudra hamaare beach laakhon laharen fenk dega..."; unhone 1910 mein javier marcus dwara prakaashit iss kavita kaa jawab likhaah" alvida, iss aatma key bhaai, main aapako alvida kahati huun! / lekin mujhe isase kabhi bachane naa dein! -/merrie prarthanaon key prati swarg dayalu hoe sakata haye/aur ack dinn aapka aur meraa dukh samaapt hoe jaayega!"aur" haan, bhagwan ney aapke maathe koo/pratibha kii divya kiran seey rotion kiya! aur mahima!.. / jio, sapana dekho, gaao, yeh kshitij!... / brazil apane itihas mein aapka naam chaahata haye "aur" alvida!  aggar ack dinn bhaagya/hamein ack bahan key roop mein yaa ack premi key roop mein/hamesha milata haye! hamesha! tum mujhe dhoondhoge. apane parivaar key saath rahane key baad, doston key saath, castro alves 25 navambar 1869 koo baahiya key liye ravaana hue; jaba unhone guanabara khaadi mein naukaayan kiya, tou unhein usa pustak key sheershak key liye vichaar aaya jise unhone vahaan prakaashit karane kii yojana banaaih "espumas flutoonts" (tairate hue phome).
baahiya koo lautein.
archemimo ornelas dwara lipyantaran kiye gaye ack khaate mein, castro alves key salvador mein aagaman ney unake shaaririk aur naitik kshay kaa anuvaad kiyaah "yeh ack gatishil drishya thaa jaba vaha apane pitaa key ghar mein pravesh kiya, jiska unaki sauteli maan aur yuva bahanon ney swaagat kiya joe unhein pasand karate they. vaha majboot, seedha, aatmavishvaas aur dussahas seey bharaa huaa chhod gayaa, vaha raktaheen, apang, chhaati mein beemar, kadvaahat seey santript aatma key saath laut aaya. parivarik prem aur doston seey ghiraa huaa, usey yahudi mahilaaen mileen jinhone ack dinn usey prerit kiya thaa, aur esther abb sagaai curr rahee thee. usane isase tabah honey kaa naatak kiya aur ghar kii khidki seey, jaba usane unhein gujarate dekhaa, tou usane khud koo ack kagaj key khanjar seey chhaati mein chhura ghonpane kaa naatak kiya, jiss parr way ise mazedaar paate hue, usey ack sanket dete they kii vaha ummeed naa khoye.
29 janwari koo, vaha baahiya key bheetari ilaakon key liye ack aakhiri baar ravaana hue, ack naav yatra parr, jisamen "registanon key gahare ekant kii talash mein paraguaku kii laharon koo vibhajit kiya gayaa, soul kii tarah, merrie aatma kii nirasha, aur iss khoon koo punarjeevit karane key liye, joe udas aur duhkh aur peedaa seey thakaa huaa thaa", jaisa kii unhone luiz cornelio koo ack patra mein darj kiya thaa; phir vaha apane behnoi augusto key saath caralinho key liye chaley gaye, jahaan, archemimo ornelas key anusaar, unhone khud koo ellen cardec kii mrityu seey prabhaavit paaya, joe pichhale varsh key anta mein hui thee aur jisake una dinon mein bahut badey parinam they, aur jinn chhandon mein unhone mrityu key baad jeevan parr sawal uthaaye they.
fernando coraria daa silva ney darj kiya kii, "saanta isabelle doo orobo farm parr, castro alves leonidia frega, usaki bachpan kii mangetar aur aaj usa sunder ladki key saath phir seey milaa joe hamesha uska intezar karati thee. pahale junoon koo phir seey jagaana? aggar maut aspas haye tou kyon?"castro alves chhandon mein darj haih" aaj iss itihas mein teesara meal kaa patthar haye. / mahima kii bijli seey calcinate,/maine prem kaa varnan kiya, anant kaal kaa majaak udaaya... (...) lilly kii komalata... / daan kaa doot..."una dinon key baare mein unhone likhaah" shayed aapke paas ack jhopadi key bajaay ack mahal key alawa sevak aur premi hain. / aur yahaan aapke paas kewal ack gitar aur ack chumban haye,/aur aadarsh ichcha kii jalati hui aag/durbhagyapurna pahaadi mahila key kunwari stanon mein!"-aur koria daa silva ney nishkarsh nikaalah" leonidia, 'dukhi pahaadi mahila', hamesha key liye aapka intezar karegi. vaha anta mein pagal hoe jaayegi. ornelas ney kahaa kii "leonidia koo pratidaan naheen diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki vaha hakdar thee" aur vaha "nissandeh kavi seey pyaar karati thee" aur, baad mein shaadi karane key bavjood, jaba vaha apane sankaton mein pagal hoe gaee, tou usaki smriti vaapas aaa gaee, jaisa kii afronio pixoto ney darj kiyaah "divya prem, joe dou mauton seey butch gayaa, priya hriday aur prempurna kaaran seey.
bheetari ilaakon seey, unhone apane bhaavi behnoi alvarro guimarus koo kavitaon kii paandulipiyaan bhejin jinhen "oss ascravos" key prakaashan mein shamil kiya jaanaa thaa; baad vaale ney guimarus seey kavitaon kii sankhya koo seemit karane key liye kahaa, aur kahaa kii vaha vahaan seey victor hyugo key vyaapak anuvaad koo hataa denge, saath hii saath apane doston dwara vishleshan key liye pratiyaan bhejenge. 14 octuber 1870 koo, tapedik seey kamjor hocker, castro alves ney apane dost jose joaquim daa palma seey "duca incruenta-aeye imprensa" key chhandon koo padhane key liye "apani aavaaj dene" key liye kahaa, joe yuddh key khilaf ack manhani, pedro luis dwara "terribilis day" key chhandon key vipareet thaa; unhone agale dinn ise saao joao theatre mein padhaa, darshakon seey khade hocker abhivaadan praapt kiya. navambar 1870 mein, "espumas flutuents" koo aakhirkaar launch kiya gayaa. isake udghaatan mein unake mrit parivaar key sadasyon koo samarpan kiya gayaah "merey pitaa, merrie maan aur merey bhaai kii smriti mein.
salvador mein, unaki bahan adelaid ney unhein ack italvi mahila agness trincy murri seey parichit karaaya, joe rajdhani mein buss gaee thee aur apani maan key saath rahane vaali ack geetaatmak gayika bunn gaee thee, piano aur gaayan kaa paath padhaati thee; usaki sundarta ney castro alves koo mantramugdh curr diyaa, aur usane usake chhandon mein naheen diyaa; usane usey baarah prishth kaa patra likhaa; sodre key ghar parr usane usase ack chumban churaane kii koshish kii, jise usane yeh kahane seey parhej kiyaah "ack mahila ney chooma, ack mahila ney upman kiya"-yeye prakop "badhati bimari kaa parinam" honge. 9 farwari 1871 koo, unhone "noo meating doo kamite doo paine" key chhandon koo usa abhiyaan key liye samarpit kiya joe franco-russie yuddh key dauran vikrit francisi, anathon aur vidhvaaon key liye dhana jutaane key liye baahiya kii rajdhani mein kiya jaa rhaa thaa. unhone 21 march 1871 koo ack soir mein, agness key liye apane pyaar kii ack saarvajanik ghoshana kii, jiska jawab unhone carlos gomes dwara "ill gwarni" seey ack ansh gaakar diyaa, jisamen unhone kahaa thaa "tutti dobiamo amar": bhavna, yahaan taka kii platonic, parasparik thee. 
iss ektarafa prem ney kavi key antim utpaadan koo chihnit kiya; iss baat kaa ack udaaharan kii kaise unhone unhein prerit kiya, way maee 1871 mein chandrama key prakaash key neeche baaraa lighthouse key liye ack saath ghudsavaar sawari parr gaye, jise unhone "noit dee maayo" key chhandon mein chitrit kiya, jahaan, kyonki agness ney chandrama kii tulanaa darpan seey kii, chhathe bhaag mein unhone drishya kaa varnan iss prakaar kiyaah "alaukik darpan/baadlon seey uday/aapke chehare parr pratibimbit hotaa haye/anand mein pratibimbit hotaa haye. 2 julaai key utsav key dauran (baahiya mein adhikatam tithi) unhein gaane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin unhone kavi seey paramarsh karane key baad hii aisaa kiya, joe pahale seey hii gambhir roop seey beemar they; unaki mrityu key saath, way usa samaaj kii raay seey bhramit they jisaki unhone seva kii thee, aur apane priya koo dekhana bund curr diyaa.
mrityu.
lekhak museo texira ney apani 1896 kii castro alves kii jeevani mein, apane ahankar key antim sanket koo yaad kiyaah "ghaatak dinn kii poorv sandhya parr, baar-baar anurodh karane key baad, unhone usey ack darpan diyaa. usane kuchh kshanon key liye khud parr vichaar kiya, spasht roop seey pareshan, aur hakalaayaah "main abb vaisa naheen huun... mrityu apane peediton koo kaise vikrit karati haye!"unhone ise saunp diyaa, dardanaak roop seey nirash hocker kahaah" yahaan koee aur pravesh naheen curr sakata. main chaahata huun kii aap yaad rakhein kii main kyaa thaa, naa kii main kyaa huun!... jaise hii main martaa huun, mujhe foolon seey dhaka dou aur turant merey taaboot koo bund curr dou. 1921 mein "baahiya illustrada" patrika dwara prakaashit ack report mein kavi kii mrityu kaa parivarik record laaya gayaah
museo texira, usa sammaan koo yaad karate hue kii ack vyakti ney usa ghar key saamane florence mein kiya haye jahaan dante rahata thaa, yaa panthion key buggle mein caracas mein jahaan saiman bolivar key avashesh hain, upadesh diyaa kii "baahiya kii aabaadi, ling yaa varg key bhed key binaa, pratyek varsh kii 6 julaai koo, bhavyata key ack sahaj julus mein, rue sodre parr" sobrado "sankhya 24 key saamane kuchh kshanon key liye rukein, jahaan 6 julaai 1871 koo, dopahar 3 1⁄2 baje, castro alves kii mrityu hoe gaee, kewal 24 saal mein.
castro alves koo campo santo kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa thaa, ack kabr mein jisamen ack "samudri daku khopadi" daali gaee thee, joe ack visheshagya key shabdon mein, "mrityu aur jeevan key kshanbhangurta kaa sanket haye. unake avasheshon koo, 20veen shatabdi mein, unake sammaan mein chauk mein smaarak mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe unake naam parr haye. dafanaane kaa kaary mrityu key ack dinn baad (7 julaai) huaa aur unhein makbare 527 mein dafnaya gayaa. 1874 mein, avasheshon koo block 1 mein makbare mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, joe unaki sauteli maan, maria ramos guimarus seey sambandhit thee, jinhone ise apane pati kii kabr key liye kharida thaa. unaki bahan adelide, jinaki 22 sitambar 1940 koo riyo dee janeiro mein mrityu hoe gaee, "kavi kii smriti key wafadar karyavahak they, joe apane mool koo sanrakshit karate they, apane jeevan key baare mein jaankaari dete they", joe kii afranio pixoto ney darj kiya, aur nishkarsh nikala kii "castro alves kii prasiddhi unhein bahut shreya detee haye.
1971 mein lekhak kii mrityu kii shatabdi manai gaee. kavi key potey key virodh key bavjood, jinhone unake liye ack devdev key nirmaan kii vakaalat kii, salvador antonio carlos magelhus key tatkalin mahapour ney apane avasheshon koo kewal praka castro alve mein smaarak mein sthanantarit karane kaa faisala kiya. yeh vaastav mein usa varsh key 6 julaai koo binaa kissy vishesh samaroh key huaa thaa. afronio pixoto key anusaar, kewal 21 varsh kii ayu mein tatkalin shaahi rajdhani mein praapt abhishek key baad, aur joe "aathh saal seey bhee cumm, murkhtapurna varshon mein, kishoravastha aur yuvaaon key beach, 'castro alves ney hamaare saahitya mein samaan kaam naheen chhoda', jinhone unaki tulanaa apane samkaaleenon seey kii, joe baad mein alag hoe jaate, jaise kii rui barbosa, joaquim nabo, rodrigue alves yaa afonso penaah aggar way unaki tarah, chaubis varsh kii ayu mein marr jaate, tou naamon kii smriti bhee unake saath naheen rahati aur usa samay key dauran dusare ney sthaayi prasiddhi praapt kii.
kaam karate hain.
prishthabhoomi.
raajneetik sandarbh.
castro alves key kaam key americi shodhkarta key liye, johnn aim. tolman, unaki "jeevani kavita koo paribhaashit karane key liye naheen haye, naa hii isaki samajh kii kunji key roop mein, balki kewal ack prakaar key aitihaasik fitting key roop mein kaary karati haye, jahaan humm ranneeti kavi kii rachnaatmaktaa kii adhik pramanikta key saath jhalak curr sakate hain. iss arth mein, ack aitihaasik aur saanskritik paridrishya "kuchh vishayon, drishtikon aur yahaan taka kii unaki kavita kii takneek koo adhik samajhane yogya banaane" kaa kaam kartaa haye.
samrat pedro dwiteeya key shasankal key dauran brazil mein gulami kii pranali prabal thee, 1867 mein, desh mein bandee aabaadi kaa 47 pratishat (774 hazaar loga) poorvottar mein kendrit thaa, jabaki saao paulo mein coffey kii kheti ney 1864 seey 1874 key dashak mein daason kii sankhya koo doguna curr diyaa aur unmoolanvaadi mudde koo una shaharon mein samaan prasangikta praapt kii jahaan kaale logon kii upasthiti badee thee, jaise kii salvador aur samrajya kii rajdhani, riyo dee janeiro. 1850 key baad seey, africa seey daas vyaapaar koo eusebio dee quiros kaanoon dwara pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen 29 octuber 1851 koo baahiya mein itaperica dweep parr "pontina landing" kaa prakaran huaa thaa-daas taskari key nishedh koo darkinar karane kaa antim pralekhit prayaas, vyapariyon aur daas maalikon dwara praant mein pratirodh key pradarshan mein.
desh mein taba kewal dou kaanoon school they, donon kii sthaapana 1828 mein hui theeh ack receiffe mein aur doosara saao paulo mein; donon mein, rashtriya ekataa kii avadharana key alawa, desh key vichaarsheel abhijaat varg mein udaar aur nagrik drishti paida kii gaee thee-joe vaastav mein praanton mein naheen hoti thee. inn akadamiyon mein, shikshak aur chhaatr europeeya lekhakon jaise ernest renan seey prabhaavit they, jinhone saarvajanik jeevan mein catholic prabhaav key anta kaa prachaar kiya, hippolyte taine aur auguste comte, pratyakshvaad key saath, jinhone sylvio romero key shabdon mein, "nae vichaaron kaa ack samooh" laaya, jisamen vikasvad, kaanoon aur rajneeti kaa parivartan, yathaarthvaad aur prakritivaad shamil they, joe desh mein sudhaar kii ichcha kaa vistaar curr rahey they.
europe mein kaee kraantiyan huin. france mein, 1830 kii kraantiyan huin, jisake kaaran 1847 mein (castro alves kaa janm varsh) raajaa kii pratiniyukti hui aur purushon key liye pratyaksh, gupt aur saarvbhaumik matadhikar key saath mahadweep parr pahale chunaav hue. itali aur germany apane ekikaran key sanghrshon key madhyam seey jeete they, joe rashtravadi vichaaron koo darshaate they; usa pahale desh mein, gurilla netaa guseppe garibaldi ney ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai thee, joe pahale seey hii brazil mein lada chuke they, aur brazil key aneeta seey shaadi curr chuke they.
castro alves key samay key mukhya brazilian tathyon mein tathaakathit dhaarmik mudda haye, jisamen freemasonary shamil haye; castro alves key samkaaleen aur dost freemason they, jaise kii luis gaama aur rui barbosa, anya logon key beach. castro alves bhee ack freemason they, aur poorv donon key saath unhone samachar patra "kattarpanthi polystano" aur unmoolanvaadi abhiyaanon mein sahyog kiya. america mein spanish upaniveshon kii mukti key baad, kaee deshon ney taba taka aantarik aur baahari sanghrshon kaa anubhav kiya jaba taka kii unhone khud koo sthaapit naheen kiya. paraguyan yuddh dakshin america mein badaa sangharsh thaa, jisamen brazil, argentine aur urugue koo paraguyan tanashah solano lopez key khilaf triple gathbandhan mein ekjut kiya gayaa, jinhone 1864 mein vartamaan brazilian raajya maato grosso doo sul key kshetra parr aakraman kiya, joe agale varshon mein ladaaiyon koo pradaan kartaa haye joe mahakavya bunn gaye jaise kii riachuelo kii nausena kii ladaai aur humata key maarg (baad vaalaa kavi dwara ack ashurachana key yogya, riyo dee janeiro mein); anya sanghrshon ney dakshin america mein avadhi koo chihnit kiya, jaise kii 1852 mein, brazil mein playtin yuddh, aur spen aur peru key beach spanish-dakshin americi yuddh, jisaki swatantrata 1864 taka spen ney maanyata naheen dee, jisamen kewal sanyukt raajya america key hastakshep key saath shamil thaa. vibhinn sanghrshon key bavjood, paine-amerikiwad key aadarsh 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey avyakt they, jinamen seey jose bonifasio brazil mein ack rakshak they, naee rashtron koo unaki swatantrata banaae rakhane key liye ekjut karane key arth mein.
paraguan yuddh, joe 1870 taka chalaa, joaquim nabuco key anusaar ack aspasht parinam thaah ack taraf kii jeet ney brazil mein rajshahi key shikhar koo chihnit kiya, lekin iska patan bhee shuru huaa. lekhakon carlos emilio faraco aur francisco marto dee maura key shabdon mein "oh navio negrero" key apane vishleshan mein, castro alves kii kavita usa samay key aitihaasik kshan koo darshaati haih rajshahi kaa patan, unmoolanvaadi sangharsh aur gantantra abhiyaan.
saahitya mein premvaad.
romantikwad ack saundarya andolan thaa joe isase pahale key klasikvad kaa virodh kartaa thaa. jabaki baad vaale ney kuleen varg kaa paksh liya, poorv ney poonjipati varg koo chitrit kiyaah isake lekhak madhyam yaa lokpriya varg key yuva loga they, saath hii saath unake dwara chitrit paatr bhee they. isaliye, romantic lekhakon mein vyaktiparakta aur srijan kii swatantrata visheshtaon key roop mein thee (bhaavanaon kii pradhaantaa, aitihaasiktaa, nirashawad aur yahaan taka kii vaastaviktaa aur prakriti kii pooja seey doori dwara chihnit). yeh saundarya andolan europe mein francisi kranti key baad key poonjipati varg key uday seey utpann huaah ingland mein madhyayugeen samay aur shekspeare key lekhan kii prashansa hui. germany mein, samajik sangharsh goethe aur shiller key karyon mein parilakshit hue, jahan nirashawad, bhavna, avasaad aur mrityu kii sarahana samajik parivartanon key prati ack pratibindu key roop mein ubhari.
kaee europeeya lekhakon ney castro alves koo prabhaavit kiyaah lord byron, lamartin, musset, heinrich hein aur yahaan taka kii shekspeare, jinka french mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa, "ack sachcha romantic junoon bunn gayaa". lekin unakaa sabse badaa prabhaav swayam victor hyugo thaah castro alves key anusaar, victor hyugo "unakaa mahaan guru" thaa, jinake saath unhone ack spasht aichhik lagaav koo ekjut kiya, chaahe vaha geetaatmak prakriti kaa hoe, chaahe vaha raajneetik aur kleshpurna prakriti kaa hoe, "unase kaee cheejon koo aatmasaat karna", "vishal hyugan mahasagar mein kaafee sankhya mein darshan, vishay aur chhaviyon koo pakadana", iss tarah seey kii "unhone sabse spasht sahajata key saath unakaa anukaran kiya aur unakaa anuvaad kiya.
purtagaal mein, saahitya mein, iss andolan key pratipaadak lekhak almeida garrett, alekjendar herculano, julio dinis aur anta mein, camillo castello branco they. 1825 mein shuru kiya gayaa, romantikwad vahaan chaar dashakon taka chalaa, jise vidwan teen kshanon mein vibhajit karate hainh pahali peedhi (1825 seey 1840 taka); doosari (1840 seey 1860 taka) aur anta mein, teesari 1860 seey, joe lekhakon dwara pahale seey hii yathaarthvaad mein sankraman mein banaai gaee haye. brazil mein, andolan rashtriyata kii pushti karane kii aavashyakta key saath mell khaata thaa, 1822 mein desh kii swatantrata key saath. purtagaal mein, saahitya ney romantikwad koo teen peedhiyon mein vibhajit kiyaah pahala, raashtravaad aur deshbhakti dwara chihnit (jisamen gonsalves dias aur gonsalves dee magalhess shamil they); doosara, lord byron key prabhaav seey chihnit aur prem, mrityu, sandeh, vidambana aur vyangya parr kendrit vishayon key saath aur kuchh mein, shaitanwad (jinake pratipaadak casimiro dee abreu, alvares dee azevedo, junkira freere aur fagandes varela they); aur anta mein teesara, jisamen tathaakathit condorist aur unmoolanvaadi shamil they, jinamen sabse badaa pratipaadak castro alves thaa.
vishleshan.
upadeshaatmak vishleshan.
castro alves kii kavya rachana koo upadeshaatmak karyon mein dou samoohon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haih samajik kavita aur geetaatmak-prempurna kavita. faraco aur maura key liye, anya romantic kaviyon key vipareet, jinhone apane aantarik sanghrshon key parinamswarup baahari duniya key liye anukoolan kii kamee koo samajhaaya, castro alves ney iss samasya koo apane paryaavaran key saath aur "utpeedakon aur utpeediton key beach shashwat sangharsh" mein manushya key kadachar key saath uchit thaharaaya; kavi key utpaadan ney, geetaatmak aur prempurna utpaadan key alawa, "ack samajik charitra kii kavita" kii haye; yahaan taka kii geetaatmak chhandon key mamle mein, castro alves koo "prem aur mahilaaon kii adhik yathaarthvaadi aur kamuk drishti" key dwara pratishthit kiya gayaa haye, kyonki yeye, halanki aadarsh roop seey sunder aur paripurna hain, thhos, bhautik loga hain.
sameera campedally ney usee tarj parr apane kaam kaa vishleshan kiyaah "ack nishchit 'byronian rugnata' key alawa aur isake vipareet, castro alves 'kavita dou anya pahaluon koo prastut karati haih kamuk kamuk geet aur mahakavya condorism"; pahale mamle mein, soojan vaalaa geet vaastavik mahila aakriti seey praapt hotaa haye, joe karib aur jeeti jaati haye, jabaki dusare mamle mein vaha ", khule, spasht" swar koo laakar navachar kartaa haye jaba vaha daason kaa bachaav kartaa haye aur unake dukh koo "atee-bolchal aur vakpatu tareeke seey", "hinsak stroke" key saath chitrit kartaa haye aur iss prakaar apane poorvavartiyon kii "aaee"-kendrit drishti key saath todata haye.
aalochana.
nyu maxico vishvavidyalaya mein brazilian saahitya key professor johnn aim. tolman ney kavi key kaam key vishleshan mein sochaah "alochakon dwara aasaani seey darj kiye gaye kaee anya brazilian lekhakon key beach, humm castro alve koo ujagar curr sakate hain. marcus daa cruze, apane "historia daa litertura" mein, record karate hainh "unake kaee chhand tathaakathit kandor school parr vishesh jore dene seey peedit hain (carlos dee lait kahate hain), joe hyugo kii nakal seey shuru hocker, shuddh gongorwad mein kshay hoe gayaa.
fosto kunha ney bataaya kii unake liye castro alves key utpaadan mein kyaa pramukh dosh hongeh ack seemit kavi, jisamen spasht vikas naheen hoga, yaa tou takneek mein yaa apane vishay mein; unakaa puuraa utpaadan romantikwad key vartamaan manakon key anusaar kiya gayaa thaa, ack kavi jisake paas veenaa parr kewal ack hii taar haye aur yahaan taka kii vaha taar bhee udhaar liya gayaa thaa. apane vishleshan mein, "yeh 1868 key baad seey thaa kii unake kavyatmak vyaktitva ney khud koo swaayatta key saath sthaapit kiya aur badale mein, apane samkaaleenon koo prabhaavit karna shuru kiya. jaba kaaran ney usey aur adhik karib seey chhuaa. eugenia kemar key saath breakup aur agness trincy murri key antim pyaar ney unhein ultra-romantic aam sthaanon key samudra mein vaapas daal diyaa, jinamen seey lagbhag sabhi abb unake apane sangrah seey aage nickle gaye hain. kunha ney jaari rakhate hue, ack nakaratmak tareeke seey nishkarsh nikaalah "kaee mayanon mein, castro alves kaa kavyatmak prakshepavakra pareshan karane vaalaa haye aur iss shodh kaa samarthan kartaa haye-nishchit roop seey ack charampanthi-kii kavi ack 'nipun' thaa. ack sankeern seema key bheetar, 1869 (key baad unake geet key ack nishchit pragatisheel thakawat kaa sanket denaa sambhav haye...) yadi castro alves key kishoravastha kaa kaam pesticos key saath bindidar haye, tou usaki umr poori tarah seey anaavashyak hastakshep seey peedit hogi (...) antim charan mein vaha hamein joe dhaarana chhodata haye, vaha ack 'santusht', ack 'poorna' vyakti kii tarah naheen haih yeh ack vinashkari vyakti kii haye-ashawad aur oorjaa key vishisht visfoton key saath.
fosto kunha kii sthiti key vipareet, johnn aim. tolman ney kahaa kii kavi key kaam kaa vishleshan haal key karyon key beach purani prastutiyon key sammilan seey grast haye, jaisa kii sanklanon mein hotaa haye, yeh dekhate hue kii unake antim utpaadan mein brazil mein kuchh prashansak hain; tolman ney maanaa kii "baahiya lautane key baad likhi gaee kavita mahatvapurna abhinn visheshtaon koo prastut karati haye" aur unake paripakva chhandon kaa vishleshan pahale kii avadhi seey anya key saath mishrit haye; kunha jaisi nakaratmak aalochana key baare mein, americi lekhak ney nishkarsh nikaalah "saahityik prashansa key nuksaanon mein seey ack aalochak key nirnay kaa vajan haye, joe aksar uchit prashansa mein hastakshep kartaa haye.
castro key kaam parr victor hyugo key prabhaav key baare mein baat karate samay, ledo ivo ney unaki tulanaa rimboud seey kii, jinhone francisi lekhak kii nakal kii thee aur jinhone samudra key baare mein likhaa thaa, isaliye bhee "castro alves ney vahaan jaane key binaa paulo afonso girane kaa jashn manaaya; aur unaki drishti agantukon kii tulanaa mein adhik aashvast aur yathaarthvaadi haye. vahee lekhak, kavi koo prerit karane vaale romantic lekhakon key prabhaav key baare mein baat karate hue (pahale seey hii ullekh kiya gayaa haye kii hyugo, byron, lamartin, musset, hein aur yahaan taka kii aspronceda), "unamen seey kaee kaa unhone anuvaad kiya, parody kii, nakal kii aur loot kii, inn parody mein parivartit kiya, ack naee bhasha key josh kii nakal kii aur utsaah key saath bhandaphod kii" iss tarah seey kii "hamari bhasha key sabse mool kaviyon mein seey ack, aur apane soojan vaale swayam key prakop seey sabse irshya karane vaale, anukaran aur vyakhya key sabse shaukeen logon mein seey ack honge," lekin vaha ise itna kaushal aur khushi key saath kartaa haye "kii kuchh bhee unhein ayogya naheen banaata haye aur apani kavitaon koo" padhane yogya "banaata haye, isake bavjood kii vaha purtagaali bhasha key saath kaam kartaa haye. uberlandia key sanghiya vishvavidyalaya mein ack master chhaatr, castro alves aur luis gaama dwara ashwet logon kii drishti key beach tulanaa karate hue, nott kiya kii alves teesare vyakti mein ashwet logon kii baat kartaa haye, jabaki gaama pahale vyakti mein bolata haye, yeh nishkarsh nikaalate hue kii "luis gaama ney usa samay kii viveki sanrachanaon mein parivartan koo badhaava dene key liye african-brazilian pehchaan banaane mein madad kii, castro alves ney kaale vishay koo ack nishkriya aur istifa dene vaale maanav key roop mein pratinidhitva kiya.
home.
6 julaai 1881 koo, kavi kii mrityu key duss saal baad, tathaakathit largo doo teatro, joe salvador mein mukhya chaurahon mein seey ack thaa, kaa naam unake sammaan mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa; 1919 mein italvi moortikaar passquel dee chiriko seey ack moorti kaa nirmaan shuru kiya gayaa thaa; smaarak koo usa sthaan parr sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa jahaan 6 julaai 1923 koo "columbus kaa fawwara" istemal kiya jaataa thaa aur udghaatan kiya jaataa thaa; 2.9 meater maapane vaali moorti, ack aasan parr sthit haye (joe ise kull 11 meater kii oonchaai detee haye), jisake saamane ack jode daason kii moorti haye, joe unake unmoolanvaadi sangharsh kaa prateek haih castro alves varg salvador key prateekon mein seey ack haye. varg key sandarbh mein, catano veloso ney castro alves dwara kavita kii vyakhya kii "varg logon key liye haye, jaise kii akash kondor key liye haye" "oh povo aao podder seey", usey shraddhanjali dete hue "castro alves varg logon kaa haye/jaise akash havaai jahaaj kaa haye.
1895 mein, caralinho kii nagarpalika koo kachoira seey mukt kiya gayaa thaa; varshon baad, kavi key sammaan mein shahar kaa naam badalkar castro alves curr diyaa gayaa thaa (sroton mein yeh bhinn haye kii kyaa yeh raajya key kaanoon sankhya 1 dwara thaa. 25 julaai 1900 kaa 360, yaa kaanoon sankhya. 25 juuna 1910 kaa 790). 1947 mein, shiksha aur sanskriti mantralaya key sansthaan, national doo livro ney ack badee pradarshani key saath kavi key janm kii shatabdi manai, jisake parinamswarup ack smaarak pustak bunny, jisamen mahatvapurna dastavej laae gaye joe iss karyakram kaa hissa they.
1948 mein, baahiya mein kalakaron aur buddhijiviyon key sujhaav parr, tatkalin dipty antonio balbino ney praka 2 dee julho (jise campo grand key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) mein ack theatre key nirmaan key liye ack bill prastut kiya, adroaldo ribeiro costa key kavi key naam parr imarat kaa naam rakhane key sujhaav key baad, aur 1951 mein puuraa honey kii ummeed thee. mool pariyojana vastukar elsides daa rocha miranda aur jose dee soozaa rees key prabhaari honge, lekin, otavio mangabira key raajya sarkaar sambhaalane key saath, unhone engineer diageness ribaus koo kaary paarit kiya, jinhone ack saahasik vastukala key saath kaam shuru kiya. mangabira key karyakal key anta mein, balbino koo governor chunaa gayaa aur ack puraskar vijeta pariyojana key saath, kaam jose beena phoeniate philo aur humberto lemos koo saunpa gayaa; udghaatan 4 julaai 1958 koo honey vaalaa thaa, lekin paanch dinn pahale, ack rahasyamay aag ney ise lagbhag poori tarah seey nasht curr diyaa. sanlagn lekin aprabhaavit "koncha acustica" kaa udghaatan 1959 mein kiya gayaa thaa, aur teatro castro alvez kaa nau saal taka navinikaran kiya gayaa thaa jaba taka kii iska udghaatan 4 march 1967 koo lomanto junier key governorship key tahat naheen kiya gayaa thaa. tii. see. aeye", jaisa kii yeh jaanaa jaataa haye, 2013 seey brazil kii rashtriya viraasat kaa hissa rhaa haye, jise iffan dwara soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye.
8 march 1971 koo, baahiya luis viana filho raajya key tatkalin rajyapal ney, unaki mrityu kii shatabdi parr kavi koo shraddhanjali key hisse key roop mein, cabasiras doo paraguasu shahar mein castro alves aitihaasik udyaan kaa udghaatan kiya, joe cabasiras farm key poorv mukhyalaya mein thaa. shahar key kendra mein sthit 52 hazaar varg meater key kull kshetra key saath udyaan sangrahalaya. lekhak edivaldo boventura key anusaar, iss sthaan kaa uddeshya kavi key "janmasthan aur bachpan key paridrishyon" koo yaad karna thaa. 1977 seey, kavi key janm divas koo anaupchaarik roop seey rashtriya kavita divas key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa aur yeh 2015 taka manaaya jaataa thaa, jaba taka kii senator alvarro dias ney ack aur tarikh kaa prastaav rakhaa, iss baar carlos drummond dee andrade kaa sammaan karate hue; iss kaanoon key paarit honey key baad, unakaa janmadin aadhikarik taur parr brazil mein kavita kii tarikh naheen rhaa. 2019 mein, pellorinho antarrashtriya saahityik mahotsav (flipello) key teesare sanskaran ney kavi koo sammaanit kiya.
smaarak aur moortiyaan.
salvador mein dee chiriko kii pratima key alawa, anya smaarak brazil mein kavi kaa sammaan karate hain. riyo dee janeiro mein passio publico parr kavi kii ack kansya pratima haye, jiska udghaatan 1917 mein moortikaar aduardo dee saa ney kiya thaa aur mukhya antar vibhinn rangon key sangamarmar mein peeth haye. apane pahale ank mein, lekhak kii pehchaan kiye binaa, riyo dee janeiro patrika "baahiya illustrada" mein ack lekh mein iss kaam kii aalochana kii gaeeh "passio publico mein paaee jaane vaali castro alves kii pratima, unake kissy bhee upekshit saathi key samaan dikhati haye, aur yeh kii moorti" unake chehare key saath koee pehchaan naheen "rakhti haye, yeh nishkarsh nikaalati haye kii yeh kewal kavi key baare mein jaanaa jaataa haye kyonki isamen kansya mein likhaa gayaa unakaa naam haye.
1947 mein, kavi kii shatabdi key sammaan mein ack aavaksh pratima kaa udghaatan kiya gayaa thaa, joe moortikaar celso antonio dee menezes dwara kiya gayaa thaa, joe adolfo sirne squire mein sthit thaa, usee kaanoon key sankaay key saamane jahaan ack baar castro alves ney adhyayan kiya thaa. 1948 mein, brazil key moortikaar humberto kozo itali gaye, jahan, florence mein, unhone "swatantrata key kavi" kii pratima banaai, jise esao saanskritik castro alves dwara vittaposhit kiya gayaa thaa. moortikaar, joe pahale seey hii desh mein sthaapit thaa, ney pratima chunane key liye ack pratiyogita jeeti thee, jisamen puraskar ack saal taka chalane vaali europe kii yatra thee, joe usa varsh agast mein chhod dee gaee thee. pratiyogita 1947 mein samaapt hui, kavi kii shatabdi kaa varsh, aur vijeta chunane key liye baithak (jisamen mattus fernandes, selita vaikani, francisco andrade, almir pinto, honorrheo pekanaha aur momordino kaanto ney bhee pratispardha kii) film parr pralekhit kii gaee thee. kozo moortikaar marrio cravo key guruon mein seey ack bunn jaayega, joe apani maan kii or seey kavi kaa chachera bhaai thaa. desh key vibhinn hisson mein anya moortiyaan kavi kaa sammaan karati hain. jacobina shahar mein, praka daa matridge mein kavi kaa ack smaarak haye, jise 2016 mein bahaal kiya gayaa thaa.
brazilian academy off latters.
unake sammaan mein naamit brazilian patra akadami (aeye. bee. ell.), sansthaapak sadasya valentim magelhus key sujhaav parr, isaki kursi sankhya saat, jisamen castro alves isake sanrakshak key roop mein haye. unaki kursi akadami key bheetar pahale badey aantarik vivaad kaa lakshya thee, 1905 mein; usa varsh euclids daa kunha koo adhyaksh 7, valentim magelhus key sansthaapak dwara chhodi gaee rikti parr kabja karane key liye chunaa gayaa thaa, aur yeh saahityik aalochak sylvio romero parr nirbhar thaa kii way brazil key nae sadasya kaa swaagat karate hue bhaashan dein. tobias barretto kii tarah sergip seey romero, castro alves key kaam kii aalochana kartaa thaa kyonki racif mein chhaatr vivaadon (perochialism aur pakshapaat key kaaran, afrinio pixoto key shabdon mein). apane bhaashan mein, jise protocol ney poorak honey key liye kahaa thaa, unhone apane lekhan kii vivadaspad prakriti kii or rukh kiya, yahaan taka kii ganarajya key rashtrapati, afonso penaa koo bhee aahat kiya, joe vahaan maujood they-castro alves (sanrakshak), valentim (sansthaapak) aur kunha (pada sambhaalane key liye) kii kathor aalochana key alawa. ack baar akadami kaa apana mukhyalaya banane key baad, vahaan "salaao doses romenticos" sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jahan brazilian romantikwad key mukhya lekhakon kii pratimaaen hain, unamen seey castro alves hain; yeh vaha sthaan haye jahan mrit vidvaanon koo dafnaya gayaa haye.
1947 mein janm shatabdi.
1947 kavi key janm kaa shatabdi varsh thaa, aur unaki smriti mein kaee ghatanaaen huin, vishesh roop seey baahiya aur riyo dee janeiro, taba sanghiya jile mein. pichhale varsh, sanghiya sarkaar ney shatabdi key uplakshya mein daak tikat design key liye ack pratiyogita aayojit kii, jise designer alberto lima ney jeetaa.
shiksha aur swaasthya mantralaya ney aage kavi key putale vaale padak pradaan kiye, aur unake lekhak key peechhe key chhandon parah "merrie bhoomi kaa haraa aur soney kaa jhanda,/kii brazil kii havaa chumban aur sways,/jhanda joe suraj kii roshni mein darshaata haye/aashaa key divya vaadon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye...", utkeernak ell dwara ack kaam. shivir. mantralaya ney riyo dee janeiro mein, castro alves kii shatabdi key smaarak key roop mein ack pradarshani bhee aayojit kii, jiska nirdeshan augusto meyer ney kiya aur 14 march koo shuru huaa. usee varsh, riyo dee janeiro shahar ney kaee shreniyon mein ack nibandh pratiyogita kii sthaapana kii, jaise kii kavi kii sarvshreshth jeevani yaa unake jeevan key kissy bindu parr ack upanyaas.
salvador mein, ghatnaaon kaa ack badaa karyakram thaa, joe 5 seey 15 march 1947 taka huaa, jisamen vyakhyan, baahiya key patron kii akadami dwara ack saahityik pratiyogita aur patron kii akadamiyon kii ack baithak, institute bhoo-vigyaan ee histrico daa baahiya dwara ack jaiv-soochi pradarshani aur anta mein club bahiyaano dee tennis mein ack gaalaa ball key saath bund huaa. karyakram mein aeye. bee. ell. kaa pratinidhi baahiya seey pedro callman thaa. brazil kii akadami ney lekhak parr sammelan aayojit kiye, joe isake kuchh sadasyon dwara aayojit kiye gaye they jaise kii clementino frega aur pedro callman, kavi key liye ack smaarak key nirmaan key liye ack abhiyaan, aur isake mukhyalaya payteat trianon key holl mein ack jaivavigyaani pradarshani.
viraasat.
castro alves kaa prabhaav unake jivankal key dauran mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii saahityik itihaaskaar jose markes daa cruze ney bataayah "unaki kavita" oh navio negrero "koo kaee logon dwara yaad kiya gayaa thaa, jisane gulami key unmoolan mein yogdan diyaa thaa, kyonki yeh sabhi theatres aur holl (holl) mein padhaa jaataa thaa...) vaha ack unmoolanvaadi (unmoolanvaadi party honey seey pahale) aur ganatantravaadi they. 1882 mein, "oh navio negrero" kii ack parody riyo dee janeiro mein prakaashit hui, jiska sheershak "aeye canoa doo martinho" thaa, joe "raajneetik vyangya" kaa hissa thaa aur gumnam roop seey likhaa gayaa thaa (isamen "musset" key hastakshar rakhe gaye they, joe castro alves key pravan lekhakon mein seey ack thaa).
1950 key apane mahakavya kaary, "canto geral" mein, chilly key lekhak pablo neruda ney "castro alves doo brasil" (IV canto, kavita 29) kavita mein america key muktidaaton key beach castro alves daala, jahan unhone kahaa kii castro alves "hamaare america key kavi" they kyonki unhone daason koo ack aavaaj dee thee...abb taka bund darvaajon mein (...) ladaai, swatantrata pravesh karegi "aur, anta mein, chhandon key saath samaapt huaah" mujhe chhod dou, hamaare america key kavi,/logon key sammaan key saath apane sir kaa mukut pahanane key liye. / aapaki aavaaz purushon kii shashwat aur tej aavaaz mein shamil hoe gaee. / aapane achchha gaaya. aap vaise hii gaate hain jaise kissy koo gaanaa chaahiye.
george amado ney kavi koo naa kewal apane kaam "dha abc off castro alves" mein pratibimbit kiya, balki apane ekmatra naatak "oh emore doo soldedo" mein bhee pratibimbit kiya. 1947 key iss kaam mein, kavi eugenia camer key liye apane pyaar mein naayak hain, 1866 mein shuru honey vaali kathaa mein, joe apane unnis drishyon mein, joaquim nabuko, rooy barbosa, tobias barretto, antonio borges daa fonseca aur fagandes varela jaise kaee aitihaasik paatron koo prastut kartaa haye, isake alawa khud amado, joe aitihaasik sandarbh kii vyakhya karane key liye hastakshepon mein dikhaai detaa haye; iss kaam mein amado ney apane samay key samajik sanghrshon mein castro alves key utpaadan kii prasangikta dikhaane kii maang keeh unmoolan aur ganatantravaad.
unaki lokpriya sweekriti ney unhein desh key sabse prasiddh kaviyon mein seey ack banaa diyaa, saarvajanik sthaanon, shaikshik aur saanskritik pratishthanon, sanghon aur yahaan taka kii companiyon koo bhee apana naam diyaa; yeh sigaret aur match brandon mein bhee dikhaai diyaa; benedito irivaldo dee soozaa jaise kalakar, jinhen wado key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ney saao paulo mein "oh navio negreiro" kii paanch hazaar seey adhik naatakiya prastutiyaan deen, jinhen unhone usa raajya key schools aur theatres mein prastut kiya.
naa kewal abhijaat pathakon aur kalakaron ney castro alve kii sarahana kii, kyonki way rogaciano leit, buley-buley yaa rodolfo coelho cavalcante jaise lokpriya lekhakon key kaam mein nirantar hain, jinhone kahaa kii way "sabhi samay key duniya key sabse mahaan kavi" hain, kavi key saath kaam karane vaale "cordell" saahitya kii ack vishal shrinkhala key alawa; itihaaskaar aur cordelist franklin maxdo ney pradarshit kiya kii tobias barretto key saath apane vivaadon mein alves ney "repent" kaa upayog kiya thaa-aur lokpriya kalaa parr kavi kaa prabhaav bhee parasparik thaa.
cinema mein.
castro alves koo filmon mein ack charitra key roop mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, jise 1949 kii luso-brazilian kaalpanik film "vendaval maravilloso" (urf "castro alves-umm vendaval maravilloso") mein paulo mauricio dwara nibhaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen gayika amalia rodrigues ney abhinetri eugenia kemara kii bhoomika nibhai thee; kaam koo 2003 mein cinemateca portugesa dwara bahaal kiya gayaa thaa; jaisa kii film mein hii bataaya gayaa thaa, kaam "castro alves key jeevan mein prerit thaa-" oh kavi dossa ascravos ". yeh film ack jeevani naheen haye, kewal lekhakon ney kavi key mahaan jeevanikaron kaa adhyayan kiyaah afranio pixoto, pedro callman, george amado aur lopes rodrigues. nirdeshak lito dee baros ney bhee ack pustak likhi joe film kii kahani bataati haye, jiska sheershak haye "maine apane jeevan key adbhut bavandar mein castro alves aur eugenia kemara koo kaise dekhaa" usa "muritiba key vakpatu yuva vyakti" aur usake purtagaali premi key baare mein. 1999 mein kavi koo abhineta bruno garcia dwara film "castro alves-retrato fallado doo kavi" mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, jahan unhein gantantra key liye aur unmoolan key liye unake sanghrshon mein chitrit kiya gayaa haye, "isake alawa unake bhavuk aur yahaan taka kii strivaadi paksh koo bhee dikhaaya gayaa haye.

