
yuri andropov

yuri vladmirovich andropov (-9 farwari 1984) ack soviyat rajneta they joe soviyat sangh key chhathe sarvopari netaa aur soviyat sangh kii communist party key chauthe mahasachiv they. leonid brejhanev key 18 saal key shasson key baad, andropov ney navambar 1982 seey farwari 1984 mein apani mrityu taka iss pada parr seva kii.
apane currier kii shuruat mein, andropov ney 1954 seey 1957 taka hangri mein soviyat rajdoot key roop mein kaary kiya, usa samay vaha 1956 key hangerian vidroh key daman mein shamil they. unhein 10 maee 1967 koo kgb kaa adhyaksh naamit kiya gayaa thaa. 1975 mein brejhanev koo ack stroke kaa saamana karna padaa thaa, jisase unaki shasson karane kii kshamata baadhit hoe gaee thee, aur videsh mantri aur rei gromico, raksha mantri aur rei greco aur graco key uttaradhikari, marshel demetry ustinov key saath neeti-nirmaan koo teji seey nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa.
10 navambar 1982 koo brejhanev kii mrityu key baad, andropov ney unake baad mahasachiv key roop mein aur vistaar seey, soviyat sangh key netaa key roop mein padbhar sambhala. apane alpaavadhi karyakal key dauran, andropov ney kaaryasthal mein bhrashtachar koo aparaadh karaar dekar aur party anushasana key ullanghan key liye lambe samay seey adhikaariyon kii jaanch karke desh mein bhrashtachar aur akshamta koo samaapt karane kii maang kii. aur vaha soviyat arthavyavastha mein badhate sankat koo sambhaalane key tareeke key liye ghaate mein thaa. unakaa pramukh deerghakaalik prabhaav yuva sudharakon kii ack naee peedhi koo saamane laana thaa, jisamen yegor ligachyov, nikolai raijhkov aur sabse mahatvapurna, mikhail gorbachev shamil they. farwari 1983 mein gurde kii viphalata seey peedit honey parr, andropov kaa swaasthya teji seey bigadane lagaa. lagbhag 15 maheene taka desh kaa netritva karane key baad 9 farwari 1984 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
praarambhik jeevan.
andropov kii parivarik prishthabhoomi koo laker bahut vivaad rhaa haye. aadhikarik jeevani key anusaar, andropov kaa janm 15 juuna 1914 koo stanitsa nagutskaya (aadhunik stavropol cry, roose) mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa, vladmir constantinovic andropov, donn cossack vansh key ack railway karmchari they, jinaki 1919 mein typhus seey mrityu hoe gaee thee. unaki maan, yevgenia carlovna flackenstein (unake naam kaa koee aadhikarik srot ullekh naheen kartaa haye), ack school shikshika theen, jinaki 1931 mein mrityu hoe gaee thee. unakaa janm rayazan governor mein shaharvaasiyon key ack parivaar mein huaa thaa aur unhein ack finish nagrik, ack yahudi ghadee banaane vaale, carle franzwich flackenstein, joe masco mein rahate they, key darwaaje parr chhod diyaa gayaa thaa; aur unaki patni, edica makhkhan, ney unhein god liya aur paalaa.
andropov kaa sabse pahala pralekhit naam grigori vladmirovich andropov-fyodorov thaa; unhone kaee varshon baad ise yuri andropov mein badal diyaa. unakaa mool janm pramaan patra gayab hoe gayaa, lekin yeh sthaapit kiya gayaa haye kii andropov kaa janm masco mein huaa thaa, jahan unaki maan ney 1913 seey 1917 taka ack mahila vyayamshala mein kaam kiya thaa.
vibhinn avsaron parr, andropov ney apani maan key liye alag-alag mrityu tithiyaan deenh 1927,1929,1930 aur 1931. unhein god lene kii kahani bhee sambhavatah ack rahasya thaa. 1937 mein, andropov kii jaanch kii gaee jaba unhone communist party kii sadasyata key liye aavedan kiya, aur yeh pataa chalaa kii "unaki mool daadi kii bahan" (jise unhone apani chaachi kahaa), joe unake saath reh rahee thee aur jinhone apane riyazan kisan mool kii kinvadanti kaa samarthan kiya thaa, vaastav mein unaki nurse thee, joe andropov key janm seey bahut pahale flackenstein key liye kaam curr rahee thee.
yeh bhee bataaya gayaa thaa kii andropov kii maan vyaapaari thee. carle fleakenstein ack ameer aabhushan vyaapaari thaa, ack jauhari kaa malik thaa, aur usaki patni bhee thee, jisane 1915 mein usaki aakasmik mrityu key baad carle kaa vyavasaay sambhala thaa (masco mein kukhyaat german-virodhi narsamhar key dauran usey galati seey ack german samajh liya gayaa thaa, halanki andropov ney ise yahudi-virodhi kahana pasand kiya). poore parivaar koo ludhakaaya jaa sakata thaa aur buniyaadi adhikaaron seey vanchit kiya jaa sakata thaa, aggar usane 1917 mein ack aur narsamhar key baad dukaan koo naheen chhoda hotaa, ack sarvahara prishthabhoomi kaa aavishkaar kiya hotaa, aur andropov kii maan key saath stavropol governor key liye masco chhod diyaa hotaa.
andropov ney apane pitaa key bhaagya key vibhinn sanskaran diyeh ack mein, unhone apane janm key turant baad apani maan koo talaak dey diyaa; dusare mein unaki bimari seey mrityu hoe gaee. prashn mein "pitaa", vladmir andropov, vaastav mein unake sautele pitaa they, joe nagutskaya mein rahate they aur kaam karate they aur 1919 mein typhus seey marr gaye they. fyodorov upnaam unake dusare sautele pitaa, victor fyodorov key they, joe ack machinist key sahayak they aur school key shikshak bunn gaye they. andropov key javic pitaa agyaat hain; unaki mrityu sambhavatah 1916 mein hui thee, joe andropov key 1932 key resume kii ack tarikh thee. 1937 key pareekshan key dauran, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii unake pitaa ney shaahi russie senaa mein ack adhikaari key roop mein kaary kiya thaa. andropov 1939 mein communist party mein shamil hoe gaye.
communist party mein praarambhik currier.
andropov ney ribinsk jall parivahan takniki mahavidyalaya mein shiksha praapt kii aur 1936 mein snaatak kiya. ack kishore key roop mein unhone ack loader, ack telegraph clerk aur volga steamship line key liye ack navik key roop mein kaam kiya. 16 saal kii umr mein, taba aul-union leninist young communist leag (vaaee. see. ell., yaa comsomol) key sadasya, andropov uttar osetian sr mein mojdok shahar mein ack karyakarta they.
andropov ribinsk jall parivahan takniki vidyalaya key vaaee. see. ell. key purnakaalik sachiv bunn gaye aur jald hii ribinsk mein volodarsky shipyard mein vaaee. see. ell. kendriya samiti key aayojak key roop mein padonnat kiye gaye. 1938 mein, vaha vaaee. see. ell. kii yaroslav kshetriya samiti key pahale sachiv chune gaye, aur 1940 seey 1944 taka soviyat carrello-finish ganarajya mein comsomol kii kendriya samiti key pahale sachiv they.
unaki aadhikarik jeevani key anusaar, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran andropov ney finland mein pakshapaatpurna gurilla gatividhiyon mein bhaag liya; aadhunik shodhkartaon koo unake kathit daste kaa koee nishan naheen milaa haye. 1944 seey, unhone communist party key kaam key liye comsomol chhod diyaa. 1946 aur 1951 key beach, unhone petrozavodsk vishvavidyalaya mein adhyayan kiya. 1947 mein, way carrello-finish aiss. aiss. aar. kii communist party kii kendriya samiti key dusare sachiv chune gaye.
1951 mein, andropov koo see. pee. aiss. yuu. kendriya samiti mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unhein ack nireekshak aur phir samiti key ack upa-vibhaag kaa pramukh niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
hangerian vidroh kaa daman.
julaai 1954 mein andropov koo hangri mein rajdoot niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhone 1956 kii hangerian kranti key dauran iss pada parr kaary kiya. andropov ney vidroh koo kuchalane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. unhone soviyat sangh key pratham sachiv nikita khrushchev koo aashvast kiya kii sainya hastakshep aavashyak thaa. andropov koo vidroh key kroor daman key liye "buddepest key kasai" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. hangri key netaaon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur nagee aur anya logon koo maar diyaa gayaa.
itihaaskaar christopher andru key anusaar, inn ghatnaaon key baad, andropov koo "hangerian parisar" seey peedit honah padaah "unhone apane dutawas kii khidakiyon seey darr key maare dekhaa thaa kyonki nafrat kii gaee hangerian suraksha seva [" államvédelmihatóság yaa avh] key adhikaari lamppost seey oopar khade they.  andropov apane shesh jeevan key liye usa gati seey pretvaadhit rahey jisake saath ack sarvashaktimaan saamyavaadi ack-party raajya koo girana shuru curr diyaa gayaa thaa. jaba anya saamyavaadi shasson baad mein khatare mein lugg rahey they-1968 mein praag mein, 1979 mein kabul mein, 1981 mein varsau mein, unhein vishvaas thaa kii 1956 mein sabse pahale kii tarah, kewal sashastr bull hii unake astitva koo sunishchit curr sakata haye.
key. jee. bee. aur politburo currier kii adhyakshata.
1957 mein, andropov samajwadi deshon mein communist aur shramik dalon key saath sampark key liye vibhaag kaa netritva karane key liye budapest seey masco laut aae, ack pada joe unhone 1967 taka sambhala. 1961 mein, unhein cpsu kendriya samiti kaa poorna sadasya chunaa gayaa aur 1962 mein cpsu kendriya samiti key sachivalaya mein padonnat kiya gayaa. 1967 mein, unhein kendriya samiti mein apane kaam seey mukt curr diyaa gayaa aur mikhail suslov kii sifarish parr kgb key pramukh niyukt kiya gayaa, aur unhein polit beuro key ummidwar sadasya key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa. 1970 mein, iss chinta key kaaran kii joseph aur magda gobbels aur unake bachchon kaa dafan sthaan nava-naziyon key liye ack mandir bunn jaayega, aur 1946 mein magdeberg mein dafan kiye gaye avasheshon koo nasht karane key liye ack operation koo adhikrit kiya gayaa. avasheshon koo poori tarah seey jalaa diyaa gayaa aur kuchal diyaa gayaa aur raakh koo paas kii elbe kii ack sahayak nadee, beederitz nadee mein fenk diyaa gayaa. iss baat kaa koee saboot maujood naheen haye kii rusiyon koo kabhi adolph hitler kaa shareer milaa thaa, lekin yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii 10 yaa 11 shavon koo nikaale jaane key baad avasheshon mein hitler aur iva braun shamil they. andropov ney 1973 mein atirikt shaktiyaan praapt keen jaba unhein polit beuro key poorna sadasya key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa.
praag vasant koo kuchalana.
1968 mein praag vasant key dauran, andropov chekoslovakia key khilaf "charam upaay" karane key mukhya samarthak they. vasili mitrokin dwara jaari vargeekrit jaankaari key anusaar, "kgb ney iss darr koo badhaa diyaa kii chekoslovakia naato aakraamakta yaa takhtapalat kaa shikaar hoe sakata haye. iss samay, agent oleg kalugin ney washington seey bataaya kii unhone "bilkul vishvasaniya dastavejon taka pahunch praapt curr lii haye joe saabit karate hain kii naa tou see. aaee. aeye. aur naa hii koee anya agency chekoslovak sudhaar andolan mein herfer curr rahee thee. unakaa sandesh nasht curr diyaa gayaa kyonki yeh sajish key siddhant aur tropov dwara mangadhant honey key vipareet thaa. andropov ney saamaanyikaran avadhi key dauran chekoslovak sudharakon key khilaf kaee sakriya upaayon kaa adesh diyaa, jinhen saamoohik roop seey operation pragati key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
asantushton kaa daman.
 apane poore currier key dauran, andropov kaa uddeshya "sabhi roopon mein asahamati kaa vinash" karna thaa aur unhone jore dekar kahaa kii "manvadhikaron key liye sangharsh soviyat raajya kii neenv koo kamjor karane key liye ack vyaapak samrajyavadi sajish kaa ack hissa thaa. iss uddeshya key liye, unhone saamoohik giraftari, manorog aspatalon key prati anaichhik pratibaddhataon aur adhikaar kaaryakartaon parr palayan karane key liye dabaav key mishran key madhyam seey ussr mein sabhi virodh koo samaapt karane key liye ack abhiyaan shuru kiya. inn upaayon koo vartamaan ghatnaaon key bhoomigat itihas dwara kgb adhyaksh key roop mein unake poore samay mein saavdhaanipoorvak pralekhit kiya gayaa thaa, ack samiti prakaashan jise antatah apane 30 juuna 1982 key ank key baad astitva seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
3 julaai 1967 koo, andropov ney raajneetik vipaksh (vaichaarik prati-khufiya) seey nipatane key liye kgb key paanchven nideshalaya kii sthaapana kaa prastaav rakhaa. julaai key anta mein, nideshalaya kii sthaapana kii gaee aur andrei sakharov aur alexander soljhenitsin sahit sabhi soviyat asantushton key mamalon mein darj kiya gayaa. 1968 mein, key. jee. bee. key adhyaksh key roop mein, andropov ney "virodhi dwara vaichaarik todfod kaa mukabala karane mein raajya suraksha agencies key karyon parr" adesh jaari kiya, jisamen asantushton aur unake samrajyavadi aakaon key khilaf sangharsh kaa ahwan kiya gayaa.
janwari 1969 mein brejhanev key khilaf hatyaa key prayaas key baad, andropov ney pakade gaye bandukdhari, victor ivanovic ilin seey poochtaachh kaa netritva kiya. ilin koo pagal ghoshit kiya gayaa aur usey kazaan manorog aspatal bheja gayaa. 29 aprail 1969 koo, andropov ney soviyat sangh kii communist party kii kendriya samiti koo asantushton seey "soviyat sarkaar aur samajwadi vyavastha" kii raksha key liye manorog aspatalon kaa ack network banaane key liye ack vistrit yojana prastut kii. janwari 1970 mein, andropov ney apane saathi polit beuro sadasyon koo shasson kii sthirata aur suraksha key liye mansik roop seey beemar logon key vyaapak khatare kaa ack vivaran prastut kiya. asantushton key khilaf sangharsh key liye manochikitsa kaa upayog karane key unake prastaav koo lagu kiya gayaa thaa. key. jee. bee. key pramukh key roop mein, andropov manorog daman kii vyaapak tainaati key prabhaari they. yuri felshtinsky aur boris gulco key anusaar, andropov aur paanchven nideshalaya key pramukh, phillip bobkov ney dandaatmak uddeshyon key liye manochikitsa kaa upayog karane kaa vichaar utpann kiya.
asantushton kaa daman andropov key agende kaa ack badaa hissa thaa aur andrei sakharov aur roy medvedev jaisi pramukh hastiyon koo lakshit kiya gayaa thaa. kuchh logon kaa maanana haye kii soviyat netritva key dou sabse cumm umr key sadasyon, fyodar kulkov aur payotra maserov kii maut key peechhe andropov thaa. ack avargeekrit dastaavez seey pataa chalaa kii kgb nideshak key roop mein, andropov ney johnn lennon key shoke mein anadhikrit sabhaon koo rokane kaa adesh diyaa.
janwari 1972 mein shuru, andropov ney soviyat datente ranneeti key karyanvayan kaa netritva kiya.
1977 mein, andropov ney brejhanev koo aashvast kiya kii ipatiyev house, jahaan russie grihyuddh key dauran zaar nicolaus dwiteeya aur unake parivaar kii bolshevik krantikariyon dwara hatyaa curr dee gaee thee, gupt rajtantravadiyon key liye teerthsthal bunn gayaa thaa. polit beuro kii manjuri key saath, "paryaapt aitihaasik mahatva" kaa naheen maanaa jaane vaalaa sadan, hatyaa kii 60veen varshgaanth seey ack saal seey bhee cumm samay pahale, sitambar 1977 mein dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
yakov kedmi key anusaar, andropov vishesh roop seey apani yahudi viraasat seey doori banaane key liye zionism key kissy bhee sanket koo sataane key liye utsuk thaa. vaha soviyat yahudi karyakarta natan sharansky kii giraftari aur utpeedan key liye vyaktigat roop seey jimmedaar thaa.
afghanistan key aakraman mein bhoomika.
march 1979 mein, andropov aur polit beuro ney shuru mein afghanistan mein sainya hastakshep kaa virodh kiya. unaki chintaon mein seey ack yeh thee kii antarrashtriya samudaay apani "aakraamakta" key liye ussr koo doshi thaharaayega aur agami namak II vaarta baithak yuu key saath hogi.aiss. rashtrapati jimmi carter patari seey utar jaayenge. noor muhammad taraki aur hafizullah ameen kii satta parr kabza karane key baad andropov ney apana munn badal liya. unhein vishvaas hoe gayaa kii see. aaee. aeye. ney ack paschimi samarthak vistaarvaadi "nayaa mahaan ottoman samrajya" banaane key liye ameen kii bharti kii thee joe soviyat madhya asia parr haavi honey kaa prayaas karega. andropov kii mukhya baat, "kissy bhee paristhiti mein humm afghanistan koo naheen khou sakate", ney unhein aur polit beuro koo 24 disambar 1979 koo afghanistan parr aakraman karane key liye prerit kiya. aakraman key kaaran 66 deshon dwara masco mein vistaarit soviyat-afghan yuddh (1979-1989) aur 1980 key grishmakaaleen olympic khelon kaa bahishkaar kiya gayaa, joe 1979 key vasant key baad seey andropov key liye chinta kaa vishay haye. kuchh ney prastaav diyaa haye kii soviyat-afghan yuddh ney bhee soviyat sangh key vighatan mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai.
polland parr aakraman naa karane mein bhoomika.
10 disambar 1981 koo, polland key ekjutata andolan key saamane, andropov, soviyat dwiteeya sachiv mikhail suslov, aur polish pratham sachiv vojich zaruzelsky ney brejhanev koo raaji kiya kii 1968 key yuddh samjhaute koo dohrakar soviyat sangh key liye polland parr aakraman karna pratikool hoga. yeh prabhaavi roop seey brejhanev siddhant key anta koo chihnit kartaa haye. iss prakaar polland kaa shaanti zaruzelsky, kiszak aur unaki polish senaaon parr chhod diyaa gayaa thaa.
gorbachev kaa prachaar.
1980 seey 1982 taka, jaba kii abhee bhee kgb key adhyaksh they, andropov ney ekjutata andolan key udbhav key baad polland parr kabja karane kii yojanaon kaa virodh kiya aur mikhail gorbachev sahit sudhaar-vichardhara vaale party caders koo badhaava diyaa. andropov sabse lambe samay taka seva karane vaale key. jee. bee. adhyaksh they aur maee 1982 taka key. jee. bee. key pramukh key roop mein istifa naheen diyaa, jaba unhein phir seey sachivalaya mein padonnat kiya gayaa taaki way mikhail suslov key baad vaichaarik mamalon key liye jimmedaar sachiv key roop mein kaam curr sakein.
soviyat sangh key netaa.
brejhanev kii mrityu key dou dinn baad, 12 navambar 1982 koo, andropov koo see. pee. aiss. yuu. kaa mahasachiv chunaa gayaa, joe kii key. jee. bee. kaa pahala poorv pramukh thaa joe mahasachiv banaa. unaki niyukti paschim mein kgb aur hangri mein unaki bhoomikaon koo dekhate hue ashanka key saath praapt hui thee. usa samay unaki vyaktigat prishthabhoomi paschim mein ack rahasya thee, jisamen pramukh samachar patron ney unake vistrit profile chhaape joe asangat they aur kaee mamalon mein mangadhant they.
andropov ney apane mukhya upa, constantin chernenko key saath polit beuro mein jimmedariyon koo vibhajit kiya. andropov ney polit beuro key kaam koo vyavasthit karane, rashtriya raksha kii nigrani karane, gharelu aur videsh neeti aur videsh vyaapaar key mukhya muddon kii nigrani karane aur party aur sarkaar key sheersh padon parr netritva key kaary karane kaa niyantran leey liya. chernenko ney jasusi, key. jee. bee., aantarik mantralaya, party angon, vichardhara, sangathanaatmak mamalon, prachaar, sanskriti, vigyaan aur uchch shiksha koo sambhala. unhein kendriya samiti kaa prabhaar bhee diyaa gayaa thaa. chernenko key liye sambhalana bahut adhik thaa, aur anya polit beuro sadasyon koo pramukh kaary naheen diye gaye they.
gharelu neeti.
arthavyavastha.
ghar parr, andropov ney apane karyabal kii dakshata koo badhaakar ussr kii arthavyavastha mein sudhaar karane kaa prayaas kiya. unhone anupasthit karmchaariyon kii giraftari aur vilamb key liye dund kaa adesh dekar soviyat shramikon key anushasana kii kamee parr nakel kasee. pahali baar, aarthik thaharaav aur vaigyaanik pragati mein baadhaon key baare mein tathyon koo janata key liye upalabdh karaaya gayaa aur aalochana key liye khula rakhaa gayaa. isake alawa, andropov ney chuninda udyogon koo raajya key niyamon seey adhik swaayatta dee aur karkhane key prabandhakon koo apane adhik laabh parr niyantran banaae rakhane mein saksham banaaya. aisee neetiyon key parinamswarup audyogik utpaadan mein 4 pratishat kii vriddhi hui aur robotics jaisi naee praudyogikiyon mein nivesh mein vriddhi hui.
iss tarah key sudhaaron key bavjood, andropov ney joseph stallin key tahat shuru kii gaee kamaan arthavyavastha koo samaapt karane key liye kissy bhee parivartan parr vichaar karane seey incar curr diyaa. apane sansmaranon mein, gorbachev ney likhaa kii jaba andropov netaa they, tou gorbachev aur gosplan key adhyaksh nikolai rizkov ney unase vaastavik bajat key aankadon taka pahunch key liye kahaa. "aap bahut kuchh poochh rahey hain", andropov ney jawab diyaa. "bajat aapke liye seema seey baahar haye."
bhrashtachar virodhi abhiyaan.
sanghrshon aur barkhastagi seey bachane kii brejhanev kii neeti key vipareet, andropov ney party, raajya aur shram anushasana key ullanghan seey ladanaa shuru kiya, jisake kaaran brejhanev key kaee sahyogiyon key khilaf bhrashtachar virodhi abhiyaan key dauran mahatvapurna kaarmik parivartan hue. karyalaya mein 15 maheenon key dauran, andropov ney 18 mantriyon aur obcom, cracom aur soviyat ganrajyon key communist dalon kii kendriya samitiyon key 37 pratham sachivon koo barkhast curr diyaa, aur uchch-stariya party aur raajya key adhikaariyon key khilaf aaparaadhik mamle shuru kiye gaye. soloviyov aur klepikova aur jhores medvedev sahit jeevanikaron ney 1970 aur 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein soviyat sangh mein bhrashtachar virodhi abhiyaan kii preranaon key antarnihit jatil sambhaavanaon parr charcha kii haih yeh sach haye kii andropov ney naitik, naitik, tapasvi aur vaichaarik karanon seey bhrashtachar kaa mukabala kiya, lekin yeh party key varishth staron parr satta key liye pratiyogiyon koo haraane key liye pulis aur suraksha sangathanon key party sadasyon key liye bhee ack prabhaavi tarika thaa. iss prakaar swayam andropov, saath hii edward shevardanadze jaise protej, usee prayaas seey apani shakti koo aage badhaa sakate they joe nyaay, aarthik pradarshan aur yahaan taka kii raksha taiyari (joe aarthik pradarshan parr nirbhar kartaa haye) key mamle mein desh key liye behtar honey kaa vaadaa kartaa thaa. jatilata kaa ack hissa yeh haye kii brejhanev yug mein, bhrashtachar vyaapak aur antarnihit roop seey sahan kiya gayaa thaa (halanki aadhikarik roop seey incar kiya gayaa thaa), aur pulis aur suraksha sangathanon key kaee sadasyon ney isamen vibhinn staron parr bhaag liya, lekin kewal una sangathanon key paas ise maapane aur isake vivaranon kii nigrani karane kii shakti thee. aise vatavaran mein, bhrashtachar virodhi abhiyaan pulis aur suraksha logon key liye khalnayak kii durbhavana koo saaf karane aur sanyog seey apani shakti badhaane kaa ack tarika haye, jaba vaastav mein nayakon kaa ack samooh naitik roop seey dhusar shakti sangharsh mein dusare sett koo haraa sakata haye.
videsh neeti.
andropov ney videsh neeti sankaton kii ack shrinkhala kaa saamana kiyaah afghanistan mein soviyat senaa kii nirashajanak sthiti, polland mein vidroh kii dhamki, chean key saath badhati dushmani, madhya poorv mein yuddh kaa dhruvikaran kaa khatra, aur ethiopia aur dakshin africa mein nagrik sangharsh. sabse gambhir khatra "doosara sheet yuddh" thaa.aiss. rashtrapati ronald reegan ney shuru kiya, aur usa parr vishisht hamla jise unhone "dusht samrajya" kahaa. reegan ney sheet yuddh parr bhaari kharch badhaane key liye americi aarthik shakti aur soviyat aarthik kamjori kaa upayog kiya, iss baat parr jore dete hue kii masco mein takneek kii kamee thee. mukhya pratikriya soviyat sainya bajat koo kull bajat kaa 70 pratishat taka badhaana aur seeriya, iraq, libia, dakshin yaman, philistine mukti sangathan, cuba aur uttar koria koo arabon dollar kii sainya sahaayata kii aapoorti karna thaa. isamen tank aur bakhtarband sainya vaahak, saikadon ladaakoo vimaan, vimaan-rodhi pranali, topkhaane kii pranali aur anya uchch takneek vaale upkaran shamil they, jinamen seey ussr isake sahyogiyon kaa mukhya aapurtikarta thaa. andropov kaa mukhya lakshya ack khule yuddh seey bachana thaa.
videsh neeti mein, afghanistan mein sangharsh jaari rhaa, bhale hii andropov, jinhone abb mahsoos kiya kii aakraman ack galati thee, aadhe dill seey baatchit seey vaapsee key liye vikalpon kaa pataa lagaaya. andropov kaa shasson sanyukt raajya key saath sambandhon key bigadane seey bhee chihnit thaa. soviyat ganmaanya yuli quitsky key saath ack bahut prachaarit "walk inn dha woods" key dauran, americi rajanyik paul nitz ney donon pakshon parr europe mein paramanu misaailon koo cumm karane key liye ack samjhaute kaa sujhaav diyaa jise polit beuro ney nazarandaj curr diyaa. quitsky ney baad mein likhaa kii, unake prayason key bavjood, soviyat netritva koo samjhaute mein koee dilchaspi naheen thee, isake bajaay yeh ganana karate hue kii paschim mein shaanti andolan amerikiyon koo aatmasamarpan karane key liye majboor karenge. 8 march 1983 koo reegan ney soviyat sangh koo "dusht samrajya" kahaa. 23 march koo unhone ranneetik raksha pahal kii ghoshana kii. reegan ney daavaa kiya kii ballistic missile raksha mein yeh shodh karyakram "aeye. bee. aim. sandhi key tahat hamaare daayitvon key anuroop thaa. andropov ney iss daave koo khariz karate hue kahaa, "yeh samay haye kii way [washington] rook gaye... paramanu yuddh shuru karane key sarvottam tarikon kii khoj [aaee. aine. jee.]. ... isamen shamil honah kewal gairzimmedarana naheen haye. yeh pagalpan haye ".
agast 1983 mein, andropov ney ack ghoshana kii kii ussr antariksh-adharit hathiyaron parr sabhi kaam bund curr dega. soviyat sangh key netaa key roop mein unake sabse ullekhaniya karyon mein seey ack 10 varsheeya americi bachche, samanta smith key ack patra key jawab mein thaa, jisamen unhein soviyat sangh mein aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. vaha aaee, lekin vaha usase milane key liye bahut beemar thaa, iss prakaar duniya key saamane usaki gambhir sthiti kaa khulasa huaa. iss beach, soviyat sangh ney yuu key saath baatchit koo nilambit curr diyaa.aiss. navambar 1983 mein europe mein madhyavarti-seema paramanu hathiyaron parr, aur varsh key anta taka soviyat sangh ney sabhi hathiyar niyantran vaartaon koo toda diyaa thaa.
duniya bhar mein bhaari prachaar taba aaya jaba soviyat ladaakon ney ack nagrik jett liner, koriyai havaai udaan kaal-700 koo maar giraaya, jisamen 269 yatri aur chaalak dall savaar they. yeh 1 sitambar 1983 koo soviyat sangh key oopar seey bhatak gayaa thaa, joe langargah, alaska seey dakshin koria key seol taka apane nirdhaarit maarg parr thaa. andropov ney gupt rakhaa kii soviyat sangh ney cull007 seey black boxes apane kabje mein rakhaa thaa joe saabit kartaa haye kii pilot ney swachaalit pilot mein detta darj karate samay ack typing truti kii thee. soviyat vayu raksha pranali ack nagrik vimaan seey nipatane key liye taiyar naheen thee, aur goli chalaane kaa kaam binaa kissy sawal key aadeshon kaa paalan karna thaa. ack durghatana koo sweekaar karane key bajaay, soviyat media ney paschimi ukasaave kaa saamana karane key liye ack bahadur nirnay kii ghoshana kii. 1986 kii chernobyl aapada key kharaab spashteekaran dwara banaai gaee cumm vishvasaniyata key saath, prakaran ney jansampark sankaton seey nipatane mein asamarthata kaa pradarshan kiya; prachaar pranali kewal logon aur soviyat sangh key saath sanrekhit raajyon key liye upayogi thee. donon sankat takniki aur sangathanaatmak viphaltaon seey badhe they, joe maanviya truti seey badhe they.
mrityu aur antim sanskar.
farwari 1983 mein, andropov koo poori tarah seey gurde kii viphalata kaa saamana karna padaa. agast 1983 mein, unhone masco key kendriya naidaanik aspatal mein pravesh kiya; unhone apana shesh jeevan vaheen bitaaya.
janwari 1984 key anta mein, andropov kaa swaasthya teji seey bigad gayaa aur unake rakt mein vishaaktata badhane key kaaran, unhein behoshi kii sthiti mein padanaa padaa. 9 farwari 1984 koo 69 varsh kii ayu mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. kuchh sheersh soviyat netaaon koo usa dinn unaki mrityu key baare mein pataa chalaa. soviyat postmortem medical report key anusaar, andropov kaee chikitsa sthitiyon seey peedit thaah interstitial nephrietis, nephrosclerosis, avashisht uchch raktchaap aur madhumeh, purani gurde kii kamee seey bigad gayaa.
ussr mein chaar divasiya shoke kii ghoshana kii gaee thee. seeriya ney saat dinon key shoke kii ghoshana kii; cuba ney chaar dinon key shoke kii ghoshana kii; bhaarat ney teen dinon key shoke kii ghoshana kii; bulgaria, uttari koria aur zimbabwe ney dou dinon key shoke kii ghoshana kii; chekoslovakia aur costa rica ney ack dinn key shoke kii ghoshana kii. andropov kaa antim sanskar laal chauk mein kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen yuu jaise kaee videshi netaaon ney bhaag liya thaa.aiss. upaadhyaksh george aich. doubleu. busch, british pradhaan mantri margaret thatcher, paschim german chansler helmut cole, italvi rashtrapati sandro pertini, poorv german pratham sachiv erich honekar, polish pratham sachiv vojich zaruzelsky, bhaaratiya pradhaan mantri indira gaandhi, cuba key rashtrapati fidel castro aur ayrish rashtrapati patrick hillery. shlagha karane vaale chernenko, ustinov, gromico, jorgi markov (soviyat lekhakon key sangh key pramukh) aur ivan senkin (see. pee. aiss. yuu. kii karelian kshetriya samiti key pahale sachiv) they. andropov koo craimlin deewaar kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa thaa, joe lenin makbare aur craimlin deewaar key beach 12 makbaron mein seey ack mein thaa.
andropov key baad constantin chernenko ney padbhar sambhala, joe andropov key karyakal koo pratibimbit karate prateet hue. chernenko pahale seey hii gambhir swaasthya samasyaon seey peedit they jaba way ussr key sheersh sthaan parr pahunche, aur karyalaya mein aur bhee cumm samay (13 maheene) bitaaya. andropov kii tarah, chernenko ney apana adhikansh samay aspatal mein bitaaya, aur march 1985 mein karyalaya mein hii unaki mrityu hoe gaee. chernenko key baad mikhail gorbachev ney soviyat sangh mein raajneetik aur aarthik sudhaar key liye perestroica aur glassnost neetiyon koo lagu kiya. 26 disambar 1991 koo yuu. aiss. aiss. aar. koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
vyaktigat jeevan.
andropov 26 kutuzowski prospect mein rahate they, vahee imarat jisamen suzlov aur brejhanev rahate they. 
tatyana aur andropov key dou bachche they, igor aur irina. igor ussr key videsh mantralaya mein shamil hoe gaye aur grees mein rajdoot key roop mein kaary kiya.
viraasat.
andropov kii viraasat roose aur anya jagahon parr vidvaanon aur lokpriya media mein bahut bahas kaa vishay bunny hui haye. vaha television vrittachitron aur lokpriya gair-kathaaon kaa kendra baney hue hain, vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna varshgaanthon mein. key. jee. bee. pramukh key roop mein, andropov asahamati key khilaf kroor they, aur lekhak david avashesh, jinhone 1980 key dashak mein "washington post" key liye soviyat sangh koo cover kiya, unhein "gahara bhrasht, ack janwar" kahaa. baad mein gorbachev key salaahkaar aur perestroica key vichaarak alekjendar yakovlev ney kahaah "ack tarah seey maine hamesha socha kii andropov una sabhi mein sabse khatarnak thaa, sirf isaliye kii vaha baaki logon kii tulanaa mein adhik chaalaak thaa."lekin andropov ney khud russie roodhivaad parr hamla karane key baad kanada mein rajdoot key roop mein duss saal key nirvaasan key baad 1983 mein yakovlev koo masco mein uchch karyalaya mein vaapas bulaa liya. yakovlev andropov key sahayogi kgb general yevgeni primekov key karibi sahayogi bhee they, joe baad mein roose key pradhaanmantri baney. andropov ney bujurg adhikaariyon kii jagah kaafee cumm umr key adhikaariyon koo rakhane kii pravritti kaa paalan karna shuru curr diyaa.
unake poorv adheenasth pratibhooti general aayan mihai pespa key anusaar,
paschim mein, aggar andropov koo yaad kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh ghar parr raajneetik asahamati key kroor daman aur 1968 key chekoslovakia parr aakraman kii yojana banaane mein unaki bhoomika key liye haye. isake vipareet, poorv yuddh sandhi khufiya samudaay key netaaon ney, jaba main unamen seey ack thaa, andropov koo usa vyakti key roop mein dekhaa, jisane soviyat sangh koo shaasit karane mein communist party key liye kilogram koo pratisthaapit kiya, aur joe roose key dhokhe key nae yug key godfather they.
hangri mein andropov key kathor rukh aur kaee nirvaasan aur sazishon key bavjood, jisake liye vaha kgb key pramukh key roop mein jimmedaar they, kaee tippanikar unhein ack sudhaarak key roop mein maanate hain, vishesh roop seey brejhanev key baad key varshon key thaharaav aur bhrashtachar kii tulanaa mein. leninist tapasvi kii parampara kii or vaapas jaanaa", andropov brejhanev key shasson key bhrashtachar seey stabdh they, aur unhone sabse ghor durvyavahar karane vaalon kii jaanch aur giraftari kaa adesh diyaa. jaanch itani bhayaavah thee kii brejhanev key vritt key kaee sadasyon ney "goli maar dee, gais seey udaa diyaa yaa anyatha khud koo door curr liya."unhein aam taur parr gorbachev kii tulanaa mein adhik kramik aur rachanaatmak sudhaar key liye ichchuk maanaa jaataa thaa; adhikansh atkalen iss baat parr kendrit theen kii kyaa andropov ney ussr mein iss tarah seey sudhaar kiya hoga jisake parinamswarup iska antatah vighatan naheen huaa.
paschimi media aam taur parr andropov kaa paksh letaa thaa, lekin netaa key roop mein unhone joe cumm samay bitaaya, uska adhikansh hissa kharaab swaasthya mein rhaa, ack vistaarit niyam kii prakriti key baare mein bahas karane vaalon koo kuchh thhos sanket detaa haye. 2002 kaa tomm clancy upanyaas "redd rabit" andropov parr unake kgb pramukh key karyakal key dauran bahut adhik dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye, jaba unakaa swaasthya thodaa behtar thaa. yeh unaki gopaniyata koo darshaata haye kii british aur americi khufiya unake baare mein bahut cumm jaanate hain, yahaan taka kii yeh pushti karane mein bhee saksham naheen hain kii vaha vivaahit they. upanyaas mein andropov koo marlboros aur starkka vodka key prashansak key roop mein bhee darshaaya gayaa haye, joe lagbhag kabhi bhee aam soviyat nagrikon key liye upalabdh naheen thaa.
andropov key prati drishtikon.
andropov koo samarpit ack naee pradarshani key udghaatan parr padhe gaye ack sandesh mein, vladmir puteen ney unhein "mahaan kshamataon key saath ack pratibhashali vyakti" kahaa."putin ney andropov kii" "imandari aur imandari" "kii prashansa kii haye. russie itihaaskaar nikita petrov key anusaar, "vaha ack vishisht soviyat jailor thaa jisane manvadhikaron kaa ullanghan kiya thaa. andropov ney usa sangathan kaa netritva kiya jisane hamaare desh key sabse ullekhaniya logon koo sataaya."petrov key anusaar, yeh ussr key liye sherm kii baat thee kii buddhijiviyon aur vichaar kii swatantrata kaa ack utpeedak desh kaa netaa bunn gayaa. roy medvedev key anusaar, andropov ney satta mein joe varsh bitaaya vaha asantushton key khilaf badhate daman key liye yadgar thaa. apane adhikansh kilogram currier key dauran, andropov ney asantusht andolanon koo kuchal diyaa, manorog aspatalon mein alag-thalag logon koo kaid curr liya, aur unhein nirvaasit curr diyaa. raajneetik vaigyaanik georgy arbatov key anusaar, andropov 1970 aur 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein kaee anyaayon key liye jimmedaar haih nirvaasan, raajneetik giraftari, asantushton koo satana, manochikitsa kaa durupyog, aur shikshaavid andrei sakharov key utpeedan jaise kukhyaat mamle. dimri volkogonov aur harold schuckman key anusaar, andropov ney manvadhikar kaaryakartaon jaise kii andrei amalik, vladmir bukowski, vicheslav chornoville, zaviyaad gamaskhurdia, alekjendar ginzberg, natalya gorbenevskaya, petro grigorenko aur anatoli sharansky key kaee parikshanon koo manjuri dee.
natalya gorbenevskaya key anusaar, andropov key satta mein aaney key baad asantusht andolan mein girawat aaee, apane dumm parr naheen balki isaliye kii iska galaa ghontkar hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. 1970 key dashak key anta aur 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein, daman sabse gambhir thaa; kaee logon koo doosari baar giraftar kiya gayaa aur unhein lambi avadhi kii sajaa sunai gaee. shivir shasson sakht naheen thaa, lekin vishisht thaa, aur jaba andropov mahasachiv baney, tou unhone ack lekh pesh kiya jisake tahat shivir shasson key ullanghan key parinamswarup ack sajaa prakoshth aur teen saal taka kii atirikt avadhi thee. dou yaa teen tippaniyon key liye ack vyakti koo gair-raajneetik apraadhiyon key saath dusare shivir mein bheja jaa sakata haye. una varshon mein, shiviron mein bimari aur chikitsa dekhbhal kii kamee seey kaee mautein huin.
vladmir medvedev, vladmir kryuchkov aur roy medvedev sahit andropov koo achchi tarah seey jaanane vaale vibhinn logon ney unhein unaki vinamrata, shaanti, nihsvaarthata, dhairya, buddhi aur asadharan roop seey tej smriti key liye yaad kiya. chuchiyalin key anusaar, craimlin mein kaam karate samay, andropov ack dinn mein lagbhag 600 prishth padhata thaa aur joe kuchh bhee vaha padhata thaa usey yaad rakhta thaa. andropov angreji saahitya padhata thaa aur finish, angreji aur german mein samvaad curr sakata thaa.

