
liu gwangdi

liu gwangdi (18 juuna 1861-28 sitambar 1898) king rajvansh key anta mein cheeni sarkaar key mantri they. way 1898 key sou dinon key sudhaar andolan key netaa they. ack takhtapalat mein sudhaaron koo ulatane key baad, unhein aur paanch anya netaaon koo fansi dey dee gaee. unhein abb shaheed maanaa jaataa haye aur unhein chhah sajjanon key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. liu divangat king rajvansh key ack sudhaarvaadi deshbhakt kavi bhee they.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
liu guangdi kaa janm 1859 mein ack fushun county, sichuan mein huaa thaa. county mein apani praarambhik shiksha poori karane key baad, unhone 1880 mein jinjiang college mein padhaai kii. 1883 mein sarvocch shaahi pariksha, jinshi utteern karane key baad, unhein rajdhani mein ack kendriya board mein prashikshu sachiv niyukt kiya gayaa, aur unhein dund board mein sachiv key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa. haalaanki aadhikarik jeevan mein unakaa bhavishya ashajanak thaa, lekin way videshi ghuspaith aur ilin king rajvansh key bhrashtachar aur patan key kaaran desh key rashtriya bhaagya key baare mein chintit they. 
samvaidhaanik sudhaar.
1896 mein shuru honey vaale samvaidhaanik sudhaar key liye dabaav badh rhaa thaa, jise yuva gwangsu samrat dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa, taba vaha apane 20 key dashak mein thaa.
1898 mein, kaang uwei aur liang kichaao key netritva mein sou dinon key sudhaar andolan key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa samvaidhaanik sudhaar abhiyaan charmotkarsh parr pahunch gayaa. kaang uwei ney samrajya kii raksha key liye samaaj kii sthaapana kii aur liu guangdi anya doston key saath isamen shamil hoe gaye. 13 aprail 1898 koo, gwangsu samrat ney kaang koo sudhaar shuru karane kaa adesh diyaa. agale kuchh maheenon mein gwangsu ney sudhaar upaayon kii ack shrinkhala prakaashit kii. julaai mein, unake teekhe raajneetik vichaaron key kaaran liu gwangdi koo gwangxu kii sifarish kii gaee thee. gwang shoo ney unaki sarahana kii aur 5 sitambar koo unhone unhein sainya mantriyon mein seey ack key roop mein padonnat kiya.
vaastav mein, tatkalin bhavya parishad samvaidhaanik sudhaar kaa karmchari vibhajan thaa. guangsu chean kii sthiti koo badalane key liye itna utsuk thaa kii usey harr dinn saikadon seey adhik sifaarishen padhani padati theen. liu guangdi aur taana sitong ney unaki madad kii aur unhein samadhan pradaan kiye. sudhaarvaadi kii madad seey, gwangsu ney sudhaar upaayon kii ack shrinkhala prakaashit kii.
maharani dovager sixi key netritva mein mantriyon, naukarshahon aur sainya netaaon sahit shaahi adalat key bheetar kattar roodhivaadiyon key hiton parr samvaidhaanik sudhaar ney atikraman kiya. arajak raajneetik sthiti koo dekhate hue, liu gwangdi sudhaar prayason mein sixi key hastakshep key baare mein teji seey chintit hoe gaye. vaha ugra raajneetik bavandar mein swachchh aur bedagh rahate hue samvaidhaanik sudhaar kii safalata sunishchit karane key liye sixi key niyantran seey chhutkara paanaa chaahte they.
nishpaadan.
21 sitambar koo sixi ney senaa key generalon key samarthan seey yuva samrat gwangxu koo kaid karane key liye apratyaashit kaarravaai kii kyonki usey yuan shikai seey gupt jaankaari millie thee. isake baad unhone sudharvadiyon koo giraftar karane aur maarne kaa adesh jaari kiya. liu gwangdi koo ground council mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. 28 sitambar koo sixi ney binaa poochtaachh yaa mukadame key sudharvadiyon kaa sir kalam karane kaa adesh diyaa. nishpaadan key raaste mein, liu gwangdi ney abhee bhee sixi key nirnay key khilaf virodh pradarshan kiya aur samvaidhaanik sudhaar kii vaidhata parr jore diyaa. 28 sitambar 1898 koo aadhunik chean mein ack nishpaadan sthal kaishikau mein unakaa aur paanch anya logon kaa sir kalam curr diyaa gayaa aur binaa mukadame key unhein maar diyaa gayaa. unhein abb sou dinon key sudhaar key chhah sajjanon key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye aur cheeni rashtra key liye shahidon key roop mein sammaanit kiya jaataa haye.
liu gwangdi kaa makbara.
liu gwangdi kaa makbara jhaao huaa county key luo haan mandir mein thaa. 1984 mein, zigong sarkaar kii anumati key baad, unake kankal koo zigong mein shahidon key kabristan key peechhe leey jaaya gayaa. ack mahaan sulekhika aur deshbhakt jhaao puchu ney unake liye pattika shilalekh likhaa thaa.
udaar uplabdhiyaan.
liu gwangdi koo bachpan seey hii saahitya seey pyaar thaa. unake dou prasiddh kavita sangrah they, jinamen 54 nibandh aur 260 kavitaaen theen.
lii baaee aur doo phoo kii kavita kii shailiyon koo pasand karane key kaaran, unhone kaee kavitaon kii rachana kii, jinamen prakriti kii prashansa kii gaee aur vartamaan mamalon key liye aaha bharee gaee. vaha apani matribhoomi seey pyaar kartaa thaa. unhone ammy parvat key sunder drishyon kii prashansa karane key liye 40 seey adhik kavitaaen bhee likhin. liu ney apani kavitaon mein cheeni kshetra mein videshi ghuspaith aur cheeni rashtra kii sthiti key prati nirasha parr gussa vyakt kiya. unaki kavitaon kaa vishay bhrashtachar key prati unaki nafrat aur chean key prati unaki deshbhakti parr kendrit thaa.
charitra mulyankan.
liang kichaao ney unake liye ack jeevani likhi. kaang uwei ney unake liye ack bhavya dohe kii rachana kii. donon ney unhein samvaidhaanik sudhaar key chhah shahidon mein sabse utkrisht sajjan key roop mein sammaanit kiya.

