david orton (gahari paaristhitiki)

david keath orton (6 janwari, 1934-12 maee, 2011) ack kanadai lekhak, vichaarak aur paryaavaran karyakarta they jinhone gahari paaristhitiki key darshan key bheetar "vaam jaiv-kendravaad" koo vikasit karane mein agrani bhoomika nibhai. orton aur unake sahyogiyon ney apane audyogik-virodhi, poonjiwadi-virodhi abhivinyas aur samajik nyaay key liye apani chinta koo ingit karane key liye jaiv-kendravaad mein "left" shabd jodaa. 1998 mein prakaashit unake 10-bindu "left biocentrism primer", iss vichaar koo sweekaar kartaa haye kii praakritik duniya sabhi jeevit cheejon seey sambandhit haye, lekin yeh maanav aabaadi mein kamee key liye kaam karane, adiwasi logon key liye nyaay praapt karane, shramikon key adhikaaron key liye sangharsh karane aur dhana kaa punarvitaran karane jaise samvedansheel raajneetik muddon parr gahari paaristhitiki key naitik siddhanton koo lagu karane kaa bhee ahwan kartaa haye. orton, halanki, aksar jore dekar kahate they kii prakriti key adhikaar pahale aaney chaahiye. "unhone likhaa, "samajik nyaay kewal paaristhitik nyaay key sandarbh mein hii sambhav haye. "unhone kahaa, "hamein ack uthali, maanav-kendrit paaristhitiki seey ack gahari sabhi prajaatiyon parr kendrit paaristhitiki kii or badhana hoga."kaheen aur unhone kahaah" mrit grah parr logon key liye koee nyaay naheen haye."
vibhinn prakaar kii patrikaon, patrikaon, websites aur apane swayam key "green web" key liye apane vyaapak lekhan mein, orton ney iss baare mein chetavani dee kii unhone samaaj kii arthavyavastha koo badey paimaane parr khapat, laabh aur logon aur anya jeevit praniyon key shoshan parr adharit karane key vinashkari prabhaavon key roop mein dekhaa. "unhone ack online tippani mein likhaa, "ack audyogik poonjiwadi samaaj, joe paaristhitik seemaon koo naheen maanata haye, balki kewal sthaayi aarthik vistaar koo pahachaantaa haye aur jiska laabh chaalak key roop mein haye, antatah khud koo upbhog aur nasht curr dega. "lekin humm sabhi koo isake saath neeche leey jaaya jaayega."orton ney tark diyaa kii audyogikaran, naa kii poonjeevaad, paaristhitik vinash kii jarh mein thaa. "unhone kahaa, "udyogvaad kaa ack poonjiwadi yaa samajwadi chehra hoe sakata haye.
vaam jeev-kendravaad kii pushti kartaa haye jise ack lekhak prithvi aur usake jeevan-roopon key antim moolya parr adharit 'saamoohik aadhyatmikta' kahata haye."orton ney swayam kahaa kii vaam jeev-kendravaad sabhi jeevit cheejon aur prithvi koo ack samudaay key roop mein saajha kartaa haye. "aise samudaay key saath", unhone likhaa, "prithvi aadhyatmikta kii bhavna haye, jaisa kii ateet key jeevavaadi swadeshi samajon mein thaa, jahaan yeh prakriti key maanav shoshan parr ack sanyam key roop mein kaam kartaa thaa."orton aur unake vaam-jeev-kendrit sahyogiyon koo prabhaavit karane vaale vicharakon mein arne ness, richard silvan, rudolf bahro aur johnn livingston shamil they.
david orton ney swaichhik sadgi kaa abhyaas kiya joe vaam jaiv-kendravaad kaa ack kendriya siddhant haye. 27 varshon taka, vaha apani patni aur aksar saha-lekhak helga hoffman-orton key saath picto county, nova skotia mein ack chhote seey, 100 saal puraane farmhouse mein rahate they. unhone apana bahut saaraa bhojan ugaaya aur dekhaa kii unaki 130 ekad kii sampatti dheere-dheere vibhinn prakaar key paudhon, jaanvaron aur pakshiyon key liye vann nivaas mein vaapas aaa gaee. orton kii 2011 mein 77 varsh kii ayu mein agnashay key cancer seey mrityu hoe gaee. unake apane anurodh parr, unhein unake ghar key paas jangal mein "gahare harey" dafanaane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa.
ack karyakarta banaana.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
david orton kaa janm 1934 mein portsmouth, ingland key audyogik shahar mein huaa thaa. vaha ack mazdoor varg key parivaar mein badey honey vaale chaar ladakon mein seey ack they. apani mrityu seey chhah saptah pahale prakaashit ack online aatmakatha mein, orton ney prakriti mein apani praarambhik ruchi key baare mein likhaa thaa. "portsmouth mein, jahan main rahata thaa, hamaare paas langston bandargah key mudflat they aur bahut door farlington daldal naheen thaa, jisamen kaee battakh aur huns they. hamaare ghar key saamane bafin kaa talab thaa-ack badaa talab jisamen vilo key pedh, huns, batakh, huns, carp aur eel they."
chhatron koo shaikshanik yaa takniki karyakramon mein "stream" karane vaali pareekshaon mein whiffle honey key baad, orton ack takniki school mein samaapt hoe gayaa jise vaha napsand kartaa thaa kyonki yeh chhatron koo audyogik kaam key liye taiyar kartaa thaa. unake liye iska ekmatra redeaming feature iska feeled club thaa jisane angreji graameen ilaakon mein abhiyaan chalaaya.
1949 mein 15 saal kii umr mein, orton ney portsmouth dockyard mein ack shiprite key roop mein paanch saal kii prashikshuta shuru kii. unake prashikshan mein 14 phut kii naukaayan naukaaon kaa nirmaan, vibhinn prakaar key nausena jahaajon parr kaam karna aur drying offices mein kaam karna shamil thaa. haalaanki unhone 44 shiprite prashikshuon mein seey 10veen mein snaatak kiya aur dockyard mein ack atirikt varsh key liye kaam kiya, orton likhate hain kii unhone kabhi bhee vyaapaar mein saksham mahsoos naheen kiya. iss beach, unhone portsmouth college off technology mein shaam koo adhyayan kiya, apane shabdon mein, audyogik jeevan seey 'baahar nikalane' key liye khoj kii."
unake spasht ashcharya key liye, orton ney 1954 mein "sadharan star kii angreji" paas kii-"usa samay merrie shaikshik prishthabhoomi vaale kissy vyakti key liye sabse asamanya."vaha iss apratyaashit safalata kaa shreya dee jaise lekhakon key unake padhane koo dete hain. aich. laurence aur kavita mein unaki ruchi. portsmouth college off technology mein arjit yogyata ney unhein 1955-56 mein durham vishvavidyalaya key tatkalin nucasal onn tyne parisar mein pravesh dilaaya, jahan unhone nausena vastukala mein vigyaan kii snaatak kii degree key liye adhyayan kiya. haalaanki, unhone paaya kii vaigyaanik adhyayan dilchasp naheen thaa aur juuna 1956 kii pareekshaon mein sabhi vishayon mein asafal rahey. way sitambar mein dusare prayaas mein rasayan vigyaan utteern karane mein kamyab rahey, lekin ack baar phir, ganit aur bhautiki mein whiffle rahey. durham mein unaki padhaai khatm hoe gaee thee.
sainya seva.
1950 key dashak key dauran, joe yuva chikitsa roop seey swasth they, unhein british senaa mein dou saal taka seva karane kii aavashyakta thee. haalaanki, joe yogya they way atirikt vetan arjit curr sakate they aur yadi way ack atirikt varsh key liye saain upp karate hain tou apane kaary chuna sakate they. orton likhate hain kii unhone "murkhtapurna" roop seey shaahi senaa key shaikshik dall key saath teen saal key karyakal key liye hastakshar kiye. senaa ney unhein apani shiksha key aadhar parr anya sainikon koo nirdesh dene key yogya maanaa. lekin 269 dinon key baad, senaa ney faisala kiya kii usake paas ack prashikshak key roop mein safal honey kaa kaushal naheen haye. orton likhate hain kii vaha whiffle rahey kyonki unake paas aavashyak shiksha kii kamee thee, lekin senaa key anushasana aur sainya paath aayojit karane key tareeke koo bhee napsand kiya. halanki, commanding officer key sandarbh patra mein ack gambhir aur jimmedaar yuvak kii tasveer dee gaee haih
vaha buddhiman haye aur usaki achchi shaikshanik prishthabhoomi haye. haalaanki vaha shaant aur surakshit haye, usake paas thhos siddhant aur vishvaas hain. unakaa roop saaf-suthra haye aur unakaa tarika achchha haye. usa parr harr samay khud koo achchi tarah seey lagu karane key liye bharosa kiya jaa sakata haye.
orton koo bataaya gayaa thaa kii shaikshanik dall seey unaki rihaai key baad, unhein apani dou saal kii sainya seva poori karane key liye vaapas bulaaya jaayega. "kyonki main yeh naheen chaahata thaa, mujhe pataa thaa kii iska matlab desh chhodana haye", way likhate hain.
kanada mein pravaas.
23 saal kii umr mein, david orton navambar 1957 mein kanada key liye ravaana hue aur montrial pahunche. ack jahaaj-lekhak key roop mein unake kaushal ney unhein kanada mein ack sthaayi nivaas key liye yogya banaaya. (vaha 7 janwari, 1963 koo ack kanadai nagrik bunn gaye.) orton ney 1959 mein montrial key surr george williams vishvavidyalaya mein snaatak kalaa key chhaatr key roop mein dakhila lene taka railway clerk aur sharaab banaane key tank cleaner key roop mein kaam kiya, jise abb concordia key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. iss beach, vaha montrial mein swedish vanijya dutawas mein kaam karane vaali ack mahila ganila larson seey milaa aur usake saath rahane lagaa.
orton koo unakaa bee praapt huaa.aeye. 1963 mein vishvavidyalaya key upa-pracharya seey ack badhaai patra key saath degree. isane kahaa kii halanki orton ney sarvocch shreni key bee koo diyaa gayaa padak naheen jeetaa thaa.aeye. chhaatr, "aap isake bahut karib aae, aur aapaki upalabdhi itani achchi haye kii mujhe lagaa kii mujhe aapako likhana chaahiye aur ack chhaatr key roop mein aapane yahaan joe achchha kaam kiya haye, usake liye aapako badhaai deni chaahiye, aur aapako yeh bataane key liye kii hamein aap parr kitna garv haye."
snaatak adhyayan.
1963 key anta mein, 29 saal kii umr mein, orton, samajik anusandhaan key liye nae school mein bhaag lene key liye newyork shahar chaley gaye, jise abb nae school key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. unhone 1965 mein rajneeti aur samajik vigyaan key snaatak sankaay mein adhyayan kiya aur kalaa mein master kii degree arjit kii aur "samajshastra mein utkrisht chhaatr" key roop mein puraskar jeetaa. isake baad unhone ph. dee. key liye yogyata pariksha utteern kii.dee adhyayan aur 1966 mein, ph. paas kiya.maukhik pariksha, lekin aavashyak thesis prastut naheen kiya. iss beach, unhone tatkalin newyork shahar key samudayik mahavidyalaya mein padhaaya aur samajshastra key professor carle meyer key shikshan sahayak key roop mein kaary kiya.
ganila larson newyork mein orton mein shamil hoe gaye aur antatah unaki shaadi hoe gaee. unake bete carle (carle marks key naam parr) kaa janm newyork mein huaa thaa. johanna naamak ack betty kaa janm baad mein montrial mein huaa thaa.
rajneeti aur shiksha.
newyork mein apani padhaai key dauran, david orton raajneetik sanghrshon mein lagey rahey joe unake shesh jeevan key liye jaari rahey. way likhate hain kii way viyatnam yuddh aur samanya roop seey vampanthi rajneeti key khilaf andolan seey prabhaavit they. parisar key baahar, unhone "vigyaan aur samaaj" key karyalayon mein kaam kiya, joe khud koo "duniya mein kissy bhee bhasha mein markswadi chhatravritti kii sabse lambi lagaatar prakaashit patrika" key roop mein varnit kartaa haye."parisar mein, orton anya chhatron key saath yeh maang karane mein shamil hoe gaye kii unake professor unhein padhaae jaa rahey pathyakramon kii samagri mein adhik baat karein. "yeh ack kathin ladaai thee", orton likhate hain.
snaatak vidyalaya key baad, orton montrial laut aae jahan unhone 1967 seey 1969 taka surr george williams mein samajshastra mein vyakhyata key roop mein padhaaya. pahale tou, vishvavidyalaya ack "sthaaniya ladke" koo kaam parr rakhane key liye utsuk lugg rhaa thaa jisane akaadamik roop seey achchha pradarshan kiya thaa. lekin orton key samaajvaad key brand aur newyork key greenwich gaanv kii hippy sanskriti mein unake visarjan ney unhein samajshastra vibhaag mein apane sahyogiyon key liye pasand naheen kiya. "merrie daadhi thee", vaha likhate hain "aur merey galey mein hippy motee they, jisamen sadharan kapade they."
drishtikon mein antar jald hii sanghrshon kii ack shrinkhala kaa kaaran banaa. orton ney samajwadi siddhant aur abhyaas key mishran kii vakaalat kii, lekin jinhen unhone "akaadamik markswadi" kahaa, way chaahte they kii way german koo sangathit karane aur seekhane kii koshish karna bund curr dein taaki vaha apani mool bhasha mein marks padh sakein. orton kii apani kakshaon key liye prastaavit pathan soochiyon aur chhatron koo pathyakram kii samagri koo prabhaavit karane kii anumati dene key liye unake sambhaavit vichaaron ney vibhaag kii ack poorna baithak kaa netritva kiya, jahan unhein "samajshastra key anushasana kii aam sahamati" saajha naheen karane key liye fatkaar lagaai gaee."samajwadi mukti andolan" mein unaki bhagidari ney vishvavidyalaya key adhikaariyon koo aprasann curr diyaa, vishesh roop seey jaba samooh ney yuddh seey sambandhit udyogon dwara chhatron kii parisar mein bharti kaa sakriya roop seey virodh kiya.
1967 mein krantikari communist chey goowara kii mrityu key baad, orton ney chhaatr samachar patra key liye ack lekh likhaa, jisamen unhone kahaa kii unhein kaafee pareshani huih
chey guvera coffey-house krantikari naheen they. unhein ack akaadamik markswadi key roop mein vargeekrit naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa. inmein seey kaee sajjan-jinhen america aur kanada mein vishvavidyalaya parisaron mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, achchi tarah seey vetanbhogi, achchi tarah seey poshit aur achchi tarah seey kapade pahane hue-krantikari siddhant aur krantikari kaarravaai key beach poorna antar karate hain...chey koo krantikari siddhant mein ruchi thee lekin vaha abhyaas mein bhee vishvaas karate they. unakaa sandesh krurta seey saral thaa, lekin gahara thaah kranti una logon dwara kii jaayegi joe kaary karate hain, naa kii una logon dwara joe antaheen roop seey vampanthi patrikaon mein baat karate hain aur yogdan karate hain, ranneeti, ranneeti, uddeshya banaam vyaktiparak sthitiyon aadi key baare mein.
1969 mein, vishvavidyalaya ney apane shikshan anubandh koo aanshik roop seey navinikrit naheen kiya kyonki orton ney apani phd thesis poori naheen kii thee, lekin yeh bhee, vaha likhate hain, kyonki anya sankaay sadasyon seey unake prati samanya shatruta thee. udaaharan key liye, angreji key professor david shapes ney patrika kanadian ayam key liye ack lekh likhaa jisamen orton kii vidvatapurna saakh parr hamla kiya gayaah
vaha ack swa-ghoshit markswadi leninist haye, jisane jahan taka koee bhee bataa sakata haye, vyaavhaarik roop seey koee marks yaa lenin naheen padhaa haye. choonki vaha 'poonjiwadi samajshastra' (jisaki way vyaapak roop seey vyakhya karate hain kii adhikansh vampanthi samajshastriyon koo shamil karane key liye) koo padhane seey bhee incar karate hain, isaliye kaee logon ney socha haye kii kyaa unhone kuchh bhee padhaa haye. samajshastra vibhaag ney apane anubandh koo navinikrit naheen karane kaa faisala kiya thaa, ack aisaa nirnay jise pratyek vampanthi sankaay sadasya koo vishesh roop seey samajhadaari seey maanaa jaataa thaa.
orton likhate hain kii lekh ney "bhautik sthitiyon koo banaane mein madad kii taaki main phir kabhi kanada mein purnakaalik shikshan sthiti praapt naa curr sakoon."
saamyavaadi sangathan.
surr george williams mein apane shaikshanik currier key dauran, david orton "antarrashtriyavadiyon" mein sakriya hoe gaye, mool roop seey ack maovadi chhaatr samooh jisane 1970 mein kanada kii communist party (markswadi-leninist) key banner taley khud koo ack raajneetik dall ghoshit kiya. orton aur unaki patni ganila donon ney party kii kendriya samiti mein kaam kiya aur orton swayam upaadhyaksh baney. way dou sanghiya chunaavon mein montrial mein ack markswadi-leninist raajneetik ummidwar key roop mein ladey.
montrial, regina aur torrento mein orton kii party key ayojan key kaaran kaanoon key saath jhadapen huin. regina mein ack americi sainya baind key khilaf virodh pradarshan aayojit karane mein madad karane key baad, orton koo giraftar curr liya gayaa, lekin antatah unake khilaf aarop hataa diye gaye. haalaanki, 1972 mein, unhone paschimi rakshak naamak ack shwet varchasvavaadi samooh kii baithak key khilaf ack pradarshan mein bhaag lene key baad 400 dollar kaa jurmana dene key bajaay 40 dinn toronto jail mein bitaane kaa faisala kiya.
haalaanki usa samay unhein yeh pataa naheen thaa, shaahi kanadai ghudsavaar pulis ney saboot maange taaki way navambar 1969 mein saskatchevan vishvavidyalaya key regina parisar mein ack seminar key dauran hui ghatnaaon parr deshdroh kaa aarop lagaa sakein. 1978 kii pustak, lorn aur carolin braun dwara "aar. see. aim. pee. kaa ack anadhikrit itihas", report karati haye kii "vidroh" banaam "vidroh" parr ack panel charcha key dauran."yathaasthiti", orton ney markswadi-leninist sthiti koo bataaya kii sashastr kranti raajneetik pranali koo badalane kaa ekmatra tarika thaa. pustak mein kahaa gayaa haye kii baad key satra key dauran, orton ney ack udaar sudhaarak key roop mein ack americi markswadi hairi magdoff kii ninda kii aur microphone parr kabja karane kaa asafal prayaas kiya. pandrah maheene baad kanada key "yuddh upaay adhiniyam" key ahwan key baad, parvatarohiyon ney orton key khilaf saboot ikattha karane kii koshish kii, lekin vishvavidyalaya key adhikaariyon ney panel charcha kii tape recording jaari karane yaa kissy anya tareeke seey sahyog karane seey incar curr diyaa.
orton aur ganila ney 1975 mein markswadi-leninists seey istifa dey diyaa kyonki unhein lagaa kii party sangathan aloktaantrik thaa.
paryaavaran parr phir seey dhyaan dein.
kuchh varshon taka montrial waterfront parr ack jahaaj-malik badhai key roop mein kaam karane key baad, orton 1977 mein apane parivaar key saath british kolambiya key uttari tata seey door raani charlotte dweep yaa hyda gwai, "logon key dweep" mein chaley gaye. yeh kadam orton key vichaaron key vikas mein ack mahatvapurna modd saabit huaa. machhali-packing poshak key saath ack naukari ney usey machhali pakadane vaale samudaay key sampark mein laaya. way haida logon key paryavaraniya vichaaron mein bhee ruchi lene lagey kyonki way apane bhoomi daavon kaa peechha curr rahey they. "orton ney apani aatmakatha mein likhaa haye, "maine apane ayojan kaary koo paryaavaran key muddon parr phir seey kendrit karane kaa faisala kiya, naa kii samajik nyaay kii rajneeti parr.
orton ney bee key saath sampark kiya.see. prakritividon key sangh ney antatah ack vivadaspad mudde parr unake liye 30 prishthon kii ack report likhi-ack prastaav joe antatah dakshin moresby dweep key hisse key liye sanrakshit, rashtriya udyaan aarakshit sthiti kaa netritva karega. dakshini moresby jangal prastaav key khilaf mamla" sheershak vaali report ney prakritividon kii sthiti mein kaee virodhabhason kii or ishara kiya. 2005 mein likhi gaee ack pustak kii ruprekha mein, orton ney sujhaav diyaa kii bee mein apane samay key dauran.see. unhone prakritivaadiyon key sangathanon key antarnihit roodhivaad aur "mukhyadhara key paryavaranvad kii seemit dhaaranaon" koo samajhana shuru curr diyaa."unhone yeh bhee mahsoos kiya kii lakadi udyog ney mukhya roop seey lakadi key utpaadan key liye vanon key prabandhan koo badhaava diyaa aur unhone" "kaee upayog" "yaa" "ekikrit sansaadhan prabandhan" "kii khamiyon koo dekhaa."orton ney mahsoos kiya kii inn drishtikonon ney jangal koo maanav key laabh key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale sansadhanon key ack samooh key roop mein avamoolyan kiya. baad mein unhone ise "sansadhanvad" yaa "vishva drishtikon kahaa kii gair-maanav duniya maanav uddeshya key liye kachche maal key roop mein maujood haye."
orton likhate hain kii unhone aur ganila larson ney raani charlot dweepon mein pahunchane key turant baad alag honey kaa faisala kiya. "yeh ack mushkil thaa, halanki dostana, alag honah", way kahate hain. "(vaha antatah hamaare bachchon, carle aur johanna koo sweeden vaapas leey gaee.) orton ney helga hoffman key saath rahane kaa faisala kiya, ack mahila jise vaha markswadi-leninist key roop mein apane dinon seey jaanata thaa. hoffman, jinase vaha baad mein shaadi karenge, victoria, bee mein rahate they.see.
helga dou-vyakti kayak koo charlots taka leey aaya aur humm ise dakshini moresby jangal prastaav kshetra mein leey gaye. humm mukhya roop seey khaadya paudhon aur kayak seey pakadi gaee machhali seey rahate they. yeh ack bahut hii aniyojit yatra thee, jisamen koee jeevan jackett yaa sanket upkaran naheen thaa, buss ack kampas aur ack naksha thaa. isane hamein kuchh charam mausam, saath hii mahasagaron kii praakritik lay kaa saamana karane aur samaayojit karane key liye majboor kiya. meraa maanana haye kii yeh yatra merrie paryaavaran chetna key vikas mein mahatvapurna thee.
1977 key anta mein, orton helga key saath rahane key liye victoria chaley gaye. vahaan rahate hue, vaha sthaaniya prakritivaadi club mein shamil hoe gaye aur uttari vancouver dweep parr tsitika jalvibhaajak kii raksha sahit kaee paryavaraniya muddon parr kaam kiya. orton baithakon mein gaye jahan unhone jalvibhaajak kii paaristhitik akhandata kii raksha karane key apane prayason mein loggers aur logging company key pratinidhiyon key saath sangharsh kiya. unhone bee key liye iss mudde key baare mein ack lamba lekh bhee likhaa.see. prakritividon kaa mahasangh samachar patra. "main vaastav mein bhoomi karyakal pranali kaa virodh karane aaya thaa, jiska upayog british kolambiya mein lakadi kii companiyon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone ack udyaan yaa sanrakshit kshetra key prastaav parr muaavaje mein laakhon dollar kii maang karane key liye apani vann bhoomi 'crown lease' kaa upayog kiya thaa", way likhate hain. orton ney vanyajeev aur vaniki key muddon parr sthaaniya samachar patron koo patra bhee bheje aur vaha sangh key kshetriya upaadhyaksh bunn gaye. "maine prakritividon koo aam taur parr paryavaraniya muddon parr kaafee roodhivaadi paaya", way likhate hain. "way prakriti kaa avalokan karna pasand karate they, lekin isake bachaav mein ladanaa naheen chaahte they."
biochantrism kaa raasta.
sitambar 1979 mein, orton, taba 45, helga hoffman-orton key saath nova skotia chaley gaye. 1980 key dashak key madhya taka, way apani ack saal kii betty, curran key saath picto county mein 130 ekad key khet mein reh rahey they. taba taka, orton bhee gahari paaristhitiki key darshan seey parichit hoe gaye they aur unhone aise vichaar taiyar karna shuru curr diyaa thaa joe antatah unhein "vaam jaiv-kendravaad" kii or leey jaayenge, jise way "gahari paaristhitiki andolan key bheetar ack vikasit saiddhaantik pravritti" key roop mein paribhaashit karate hain."1988 mein, unhone apani website, green web kii sthaapana kii. "green web key madhyam seey shodh aur bulletin prakaashit karke", way nott karate hain, "maine antatah ack vaam javic drishtikon seey likhana shuru kiya."unhone" left baayo "naamak ack internet charcha samooh mein bhaag liya."samooh ney sabhi jeevit cheejon key antarnihit moolya kii gahari paaristhitiki maanyata koo apanaaya, lekin samajik nyaay key liye ack vaam javic kendrit chinta key saath ise poorak banaaya.
orton ney kanadai ayam, ack vampanthi, corporate virodhi patrika mein bhee yogdan diyaa. unake kuchh lekhon mein usa baat kaa pataa lagaaya gayaa jise orton ney khud sweekaar kiya thaa kii vaha ack atyant samvedansheel vishay thaa-paryaavaran samoohon aur adiwasi logon key beach sambandh. jabaki unhone tark diyaa kii paryavaranvidon koo adiwasi logon key saath gathbandhan karane kii aavashyakta haye, unhone javic kendrit yaa prithvi-pratham siddhanton kaa ullanghan karane vaale adiwasi padon key gair-aalochanatmak samarthan key roop mein dekhe jaane key khilaf bhee chetavani dee. udaaharan key liye, unhone farr udyog aur vaanijyik trapping key saath-saath ack caribo jhund koo bachaane key liye yukon mein bhediyon kii hatyaa key liye adiwasi samarthan kii or ishara kiya. orton ney mool nivaasiyon key chitran kii aalochana kii kii way europeeya logon key aaney seey pahale prakriti key saath poorna sadbhaav mein rahate they. unhone tark diyaa kii adiwasi samoohon ney kaee badey jaanvaron kaa shikaar kiya thaa jinamen vishalkay, standhari aur vishal baisan shamil they. "unhone likhaa, "kanada mein, ack varg-adharit audyogik poonjiwadi samaaj apani moolya pranali koo mool nivaasiyon key saath-saath gair-mool paryaavaran andolan parr bhee chhaapata haye. "samkaaleen swadeshi vaastaviktaa key roop mein ateet key romantic drishtikon koo prastut karna sahayak naheen haye."
nova skotia mein apane varshon key dauran, orton ney vinashkari prathaon key khilaf kaee paryavaraniya abhiyaanon mein bhaag liya. unhone jangal koo saaf karane aur chhidkaav kaa jordar virodh kiya; muharon kaa vadh; sabhi-kshetra vaahanon kaa vyaapak upayog; euranium khanan aur audyogik pawan turbines kii sthaapana.
gahari paaristhitiki.
apane lekhan koo dekhate hue, orton aanshik roop seey apani audyogik-virodhi, poonjiwadi-virodhi abhivinyas aur iss vishvaas key kaaran gahari paaristhitiki kii or aakarshit hue hain kii prithvi koo khatare mein daalane vaale paaristhitik sankat key liye audyogikaran koo doshi thaharaaya jaataa haye. orton key liye, yeh ehsas kii pramukh paryavaraniya samasyaon koo ack audyogik pranali key bheetar hull naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, gahari paaristhitiki koo "uthali paaristhitiki" seey alag kartaa haye."
gahari paaristhitiki kii aatma yeh vishvaas haye kii manushyon key liye chetna mein ack maulik parivartan honah chaahiye, kii way praakritik duniya seey kaise sambandhit hain. isake liye maanav-kendrit seey paaristhitiki-kendrit drishtikon mein parivartan kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jiska arth haye kii ack prajaati key roop mein manushyon kii prakriti mein koee shreshth sthiti naheen haye. maanav prajaati yaa maanav samaaj key liye unaki upayogita key bavjood, anya sabhi prajaatiyon koo astitva mein rahane kaa adhikaar haye. manushya sabhi gair-maanav prajaatiyon parr prabhutva naheen maan sakate hain, aur prakriti koo maanav aur corporate upayog key liye ack "sansaadhan" key roop mein naheen dekh sakate hain.
nova skotia mein paryaavaran abhiyaan chalaane key orton key anubhavon ney unhein gahari paaristhitiki key kendriya siddhanton koo apanaane key liye prerit kiya hoga. praant kii arthavyavastha praakritik sansadhanon key nishkarshan parr bahut adhik nirbhar haye, aur yeh audyogik vaniki parr bahut adhik nirbhar haye.
apane lekh mein, "biocentrism koo chhodane kaa meraa maargah bhaag II-vaastavik mudde", orton ack badee palp mill seey 30 kilometres door rahane aur usake hydrogen sulphide utsarjan koo soonghane key baare mein likhate hain jaba havaa unaki disha mein bahati haye. vaha badey vann yantron seey bhaari kshetron koo saaf karane key shore bhee suna sakata thaa, jinamen seey kaee mein biosides kaa chhidkaav kiya gayaa thaah
inn safai maargon kaa arth vyaapak vanyajeev awas vinash, nikatvarti lakadi key tukadon mein visfot, maanav manoranjak pahunch mein vriddhi aur nadee, paschimi nadee, joe ghaati seey hocker gujarati haye, mein jall star mein mahatvapurna kamee bhee haye. yahaan key aspas key bahut badey kshetron mein jangal kii chandwa bilkul naheen bachee haye. yeh paryavaraniya barbarta, nova skotia mein naram lakadi, palp mill vaniki abhivinyas kaa ack pratyaksh parinam, poore praant mein tej hoe gayaa haye. yeh jamini hakikat haye, chaahe companiyon aur unake sarkari niyaamak bhagidaron dwara "paryaavaran-bayanbaji" kaa badhata upayog kyon naa hoe.jee. kuchh paryavaranvidon dwara gahari paaristhitiki key baare mein badhati jagrukta yaa vann sambandhi aalochanaaen joe merey sahit kaee logon seey aaee hain, chaahe kuchh bhee kyon naa houn, taaj bhoomi key prastaavit "model vann" yaa "ekikrit sansaadhan prabandhan".
orton likhate hain kii yeh vann aur vanyajeev vinash key yeye thhos udaaharan hain joe "palp mill vaniki seey ladane aur javic aur rasayanik jadee-bootiyon key chhidkaav karyakramon seey ladane key liye kaaryakartaon koo jutaane kaa aadhar banaate hain."way kahate hain kii" palp mill vaniki "shabd mein lugadi milon key saath-saath vann chhidkaav aur safai jaisi audyogik prathaaen shamil hain. "unhone kahaa, "mudde paraspar nirbhar hain aur inhen ack saath ladane kii aavashyakta haye."
biochantrism.
david orton ney tark diyaa kii mukhyadhara kii gahari paaristhitiki mein vishvaas karane key liye prateet hotaa haye jise unhone "shaikshik bhranti" kahaa, arthaat, kii vichaar praakritik duniya key saath maanav sambandh mein maulik parivartan koo prabhaavit karane key liye paryaapt hain. unake liye, yeh drishtikon audyogik, poonjiwadi samaaj mein varg aur shakti key muddon key saath samjhauta karane mein whiffle rahata haye. unhone nott kiya kii, sabse pahale, unhone prakriti key vinash key khilaf sangharsh key hisse key roop mein samajik nyaay key liye ladane key mahatva koo ingit karane key liye "samajwadi jaiv-kendravaad" shabd kaa upayog kiya. haalaanki, unhone label koo aanshik roop seey isaliye chhod diyaa kyonki unhone mahsoos kiya kii yeh gair-samajvadiyon koo baahar rakhta haye aur aanshik roop seey kyonki yeh samaajvaad kii paryaavaran virodhi visheshtaon key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. orton key liye, anya sthiti, jaise kii paryaavaran-narivad aur paryaavaran-markswad, praakritik duniya kii jarooraton seey pahale maanav chintaon koo rakhate hain. "unhone likhaa, "paaristhitiki praathamik honey chaahiye", aur yadi aisaa haye, tou koee bhee shaanti/yuddh-virodhi aur samajik nyaay key muddon mein shamil hoe sakata haye. vaam javic kendravaad kaa kahana haye kii aapako ack paryaavaran karyakarta key roop mein samajik nyaay key muddon mein shamil honah chaahiye, lekin paaristhitiki praathamik haye."
1998 mein, "vaam jaiv" anuyaayiyon key beach lambi charcha key baad, orton ney "vaam jaiv-kendravaad primer" koo sankalit kiya, joe ack 10-sutri margadarshika haye joe gahare paaristhitiki andolan key bheetar unake "vaam dhyaan" key buniyaadi siddhanton koo rekhaankit karati haye. anya baaton key alawa, primer kaa kahana haye kii "vaam javic kendravaad kaa maanana haye kii gahari paaristhitiki koo vaastavik paryavaraniya muddon aur sanghrshon parr lagu kiya jaanaa chaahiye, chaahe vaha samajik roop seey kitna bhee samvedansheel kyon naa hoe."isamen maanav aabaadi koo cumm karane aur" "adiwasi muddon" "aur" "shramikon key sanghrshon" "parr vichaar karane kii aavashyakta kaa ullekh ack aise darshan key sandarbh mein kiya gayaa haye joe praakritik duniya kii jarooraton koo maanav-kendrit chintaon seey aage rakhta haye.
halanki orton ney aathh-bindu gahare paaristhitiki munch koo ekataa key aadhar key roop mein dekhaa, lekin jaba aarthik vikas key khilaf sthiti lene kii baat aaee tou unhone andolan kii aspashtata kii aalochana kii. udaaharan key liye, unhone nott kiya kii andolan key sansthapakon mein seey ack, arne ness ney shoonya vikas key aarthik darshan key khilaf bahas karate hue satat vikas kii avadharana koo badhaava diyaa thaa.
orton ney sarkari dhana sweekaar karane aur audyogik hiton key saath kaam karane key liye kanadai paryaavaran network jaise mukhyadhara key paryaavaran sangathanon kii aalochana kii. unhone iss network koo kanada mein ack jamini star parr niyantrit aur vitt poshit, adhik kattarpanthi paryavaraniya andolan key udbhav koo rokane key roop mein dekhaa."unhone chunavi safalata kii khoj mein" uthale "paaristhitikiya padon koo apanaane key liye harit dalon kii bhee aalochana kii.
praakritik duniya parr audyogikaran key prabhaav mein amulchul kamee kaa ahwan karate hue, orton ney likhaa kii jeevan koo kewal usa prajaati koo jutaakar sanrakshit kiya jaa sakata haye joe ise nasht curr rahee haye. "unhone likhaa, "samajik nyaay aur varg, nigamit shakti aur nihit swarth key prashnon parr dhyaan denaa, usa maanav gatishilata aur ack gahari paaristhitiki duniya key liye andolan kaa ack aavashyak hissa haye. "naee samajik vyavastha, joe sabhi prajaatiyon key adhikaaron aur unake vishisht aavason kaa sammaan karegi, arthavyavastha parr naheen, balki aadhyatmikta aur naitikta parr adharit hogi."
aapravaasan mein kamee.
orton jansankhya mudde key vampanthi aaropon koo khariz karate hue kahate hain, "kuchh samajik paaristhitiki apapracharon key vipareet, gahari paaristhitiki samarthak, jansankhya mein kamee chaahte hain, yaa shayed jaiv vividhata key drishtikon seey aapravaasan parr niyantran chaahte hain, aur iska faasivaadiyon seey koee lena-denaa naheen haye.

