
dharm mein upvaas

vibhinn dharmon mein upvaas kiya jaataa haye. udaharanon mein isai dharm aur yom kippur, tisha baav, esther kaa upvaas, gedalia kaa upvaas, tammooz kaa satrahavaan aur yahudi dharm mein tevet kaa dasvaan shamil hain. musalman harr saal ramjan key maheene mein vrat rakhate hain. upvaas mein suraj kii roshni seey suryast taka kissy bhee bhojan yaa taral padaarth kaa sevan karane seey bachana shamil haye.
upvaas prathaon kaa vivaran alag-alag hotaa haye. purvi roodhivaadi isai varsh key nirdisht upvaas key mausamon key dauran upvaas karate hain, jisamen naa kewal prasiddh mahaan daan shamil haye, balki pratyek budhwar aur shukravaar (vishesh chhuttiyon koo chhodkar) koo bhee upvaas karate hain, saath hii chrismus (janm upvaas) seey pahale vistaarit upvaas avadhi key saath, easter (preriton kaa upvaas) key baad aur agast kii shuruat (shayan upvaas) mein. yeeshu masih key church key baad key dinon key santon (morman) key sadasya aam taur parr pratyek maheene key pahale ravivaar koo 24 ghante kii avadhi mein lagaatar dou baar bhojan aur peya seey door rahate hain.
musalmaanon kii tarah, way taba taka sabhi sharaab peene aur khaane seey parhej karate hain jaba taka kii way bachche naa houn yaa shaaririk roop seey upvaas karane mein asamarth naa houn. upvaas hindu dharm, bauddh dharm aur jaine dharm jaise dharmon mein tapasvi paramparaon kii ack visheshta haye. mahayan paramparaaen joe brahm key shuddh sootra kaa paalan karati hain, way aam logon koo "pratyek maheene key upvaas key chhah dinon aur pratyek varsh key upvaas key teen maheenon key dauran" upvaas karane kii salah dey sakati hain. bahaai dharm key sadasya harr saal march key dauran suryodaya seey suryast taka unnis dinn kaa upvaas karate hain.
bahaai aastha.
baahaai dharm mein, upvaas koo aalaa key baahaai maheene (1 yaa 2 march-19 yaa 20 march) key dauran suryodaya seey suryast taka manaaya jaataa haye. bahaa 'ollah ney kitab-aeye-akdas mein dishanirdesh sthaapit kiye. yeh dinn key ujaale key dauran bhojan aur peya donon seey poorna roop seey door rehna haye (dhumrapan seey door rehna sahit). nirdhaarit davaaon kaa sevan pratibandhit naheen haye. upvaas rakhna ack vyaktigat daayitva haye aur 15 varsh (paripakvata kii ayu maani jaane vaali) aur 70 varsh kii ayu key beach bahaaiyon parr badhyakari haye.
upvaas key apvaadon mein 15 varsh seey cumm umr key yaa 70 varsh seey adhik umr key vyakti shamil hain; joe beemar hain; joe mahilaaen garbhavati hain, stanpan curr rahee hain yaa masik dharm seey peedit hain; joe yatri vishisht maandandon koo puuraa karate hain; way vyakti jinake peshe mein bhaari shram shamil haye aur joe bahut beemar hain, jahaan upvaas koo khatarnak maanaa jaayega. bhaari shram mein shamil logon key liye, unhein niji roop seey khaane kii salah dee jaati haye aur aam taur parr samanya seey saral yaa chhota bhojan karane kii salah dee jaati haye.
anivarya prarthana key saath, yeh ack bahaai key sabse badey daayitvon mein seey ack haye. 20veen shatabdi key poorvaardh mein, shogi affendy bataate hainh "yeh anivarya roop seey dhyaan aur prarthana kii avadhi haye, aadhyatmik punarpraapti kii avadhi haye, jisake dauran vishvaas karane vaale koo apane aantarik jeevan mein aavashyak samaayojan karane kaa prayaas karna chaahiye, aur apani aatma mein chhipi aadhyatmik shaktiyon koo taaza aur punarjeevit karna chaahiye. isaliye, iska mahatva aur uddeshya maulik roop seey aadhyatmik haye. upvaas prateekaatmak haye, aur swarthi aur shaaririk ichchhaon seey door rahane kaa ack anusmaarak haye."
bauddh dharm.
vinay niyamon kaa paalan karane vaale bauddh bhikshu aur nana aamtaur parr dopahar key bhojan key baad harr dinn naheen khaate hain. ise upvaas naheen maanaa jaataa haye, balki dhyaan aur achche swaasthya mein sahaayata karane vaalaa ack anushaasit aahar maanaa jaataa haye.
upvaas kaa abhyaas aam bauddhon dwara gahan dhyaan key samay kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii ack retreat key dauran. upvaas kii avadhi key dauran, anuyaayi pashu utpaadon koo khaane seey poori tarah seey door rahate hain, halanki way doodh key sevan kii anumati dete hain. isake alawa, way prasanskrit khaadya padarthon aur paanch teekhe khaadya padarthon koo khaane seey bhee bachate hain joe hainh lahsun (alium sativum), velsh pyaaj (alium fistulosum), jangli lahsun (alium olerasium), lahsun cheeves (alium tuberosum), aur heing (aasan, ferula heing).
beach kaa maarg ack or bhog kii charam seemaon seey bachane aur doosari or aatm-samarpan koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. bauddh dharm praapt karane seey pahale, rajkumar siddharth ney sakht tapasya key ack chhote shasson kaa abhyaas kiya aur dou shikshakon key tahat varshon taka shaanti dhyaan kaa abhyaas kiya, jiska unhone bahut cumm bhojan kiya. paanch anya tapasviyon key saath kii gaee inn tapasyaon ney dhyaan, mukti (moksh) yaa nirvaan key antim lakshya mein pragati naheen kii. isake baad seey, rajkumar siddharth ney khaane mein sanyam kaa abhyaas kiya, jise baad mein unhone apane shishyon key liye apanaaya.
uposatha key dinon mein, lagbhag saptah mein ack baar, aam bauddhon koo aathh updeshon kaa paalan karane kaa nirdesh diyaa jaataa haye jisamen dopahar key baad agali subah taka khaane seey bachana shamil haye. aathh upadesh nausikhiya bhikshuon aur nanon key liye duss vinay updeshon seey milate-julate hain. nausikhiya niyam samaan hain aur dhana sambhaalane key khilaf ack atirikt nishedh haye.
nyung ney kaa vajrayan abhyaas channeragig key taantrik abhyaas parr adharit haye. aisaa kahaa jaataa haye kii channeragig ack bhaaratiya nana key saamane dikhaai dee thee joe kushth roga seey peedit thee aur mrityu key kagaar parr thee. channeragig ney unhein nyung ney kii vidhi sikhai jisamen pahale dinn aathh updeshon kaa paalan kiya jaataa haye, phir dusare dinn bhojan aur paani donon seey parhej kiya jaataa haye. halanki yeh madhya maarg key khilaf prateet hotaa haye, yeh pratha swayam aur anya sabhi samvedansheel praniyon donon key nakaratmak karm kaa anubhav karna haye aur iss tarah seey ise laabhprad maanaa jaataa haye. anya aatm-prerit nuksan koo hatotsaahit kiya jaataa haye.
isai dharm.
upvaas kaee isai sampradayon mein ack pratha haye aur dhaarmik calender key kuchh mausamon key dauran saamoohik roop seey kiya jaataa haye, yaa vyaktigat roop seey ack vishvasi key roop mein pavitra aatma dwara netritva mahsoos kiya jaataa haye. kaee isai bhee pavitra biradari praapt karane seey pahale upvaas karate hain. ise dhaarmik upvaas key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
pahali shatabdi aeye mein likhi gaee "baarah preriton kii shiksha".dee., isaaiyon koo gupt budhwar koo judus dwara masih key saath vishvaasghaat kii yaad mein, aur shukravaar koo, good friede parr yeeshu key croose parr chadhaae jaane key shoke mein, donon budhwar koo upvaas karane kaa nirdesh diyaa. aitihaasik roop seey, isai dharm key roodhivaadi, catholic, anglikan aur paddhativaadi sampradayon ney shukravaar key upvaas key mahatva parr jore diyaa haye, jisamen paaramparik roop seey upvaas aur maans, lactinia aur sharaab seey parhej shamil haye.
chaalees dinon key upvaas aur prarthana kaa swaroop bible mein dekhaa gayaa haye, jisake aadhar parr daan kaa dhaarmik mausam sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. puraane niyam mein, paigambar moosa duss aagyaon koo praapt karane seey pahale chaalees dinn aur chaalees raaton taka pahaadon mein prarthana karane aur "binaa rotty khaae yaa paani piye" upvaas karane key liye gaye (see. aff. ). isi tarah, bhavishyavakta eliah chaalees dinn aur raaton taka pahaadon mein upvaas aur prarthana karane key liye gaye "jaba taka kii vaha bhagwan key pahaad horeb taka naheen pahunch gaye" jaba "prabhu kaa vachan unake paas aaya" (see. aff. ). turin key praarambhik isai bishap maximus ney likhaa kii "chaalees dinn aur chaalees raaton kii avadhi key liye lagaatar upvaas karke" elijah key roop mein...isai parampara mein, poore vishva kii lambe samay taka aur gambhir sukhaapan koo bujhaane key liye, barish kii ack dhaara key saath aisaa karane aur swarg seey paani key vardan key saath prithvi kii sukhaapan koo bharane key liye, isaki vyakhya "khud kii ack aakriti key roop mein kii jaati haye taaki humm kull chaalees dinon kaa upvaas bhee curr sakein, joe bapatisma kii aadhyatmik barish key yogya hoe...[aur] swarg seey ack bauchhar poori duniya kii sookhi prithvi parr gir sakati haye, aur bachat snan kaa prachur paani gair-yahoodiyon key lambe sookhe koo bhar sakata haye."nae niyam mein, yeeshu chaalees dinn aur chaalees raaton taka upvaas aur prarthana karane key liye registan mein gayaa; iss dauran shaitan ney usey lubhaane kii koshish kii (see. aff. ). moosa, eliah aur yeeshu key chaalees dinn aur raat key upvaason ney unhein unake kaam key liye taiyar kiya, aur unake udaaharan rinn kii sthaapana key liye aadhaarbhut they.
paschimi isai dharm mein, catholic church, luther church, anglican communion, moravian church, methodist church, paschimi roodhivaadi church, united protestant church aur kuchh sudhaar churchon key kaee sancharakon dwara diye gaye chaalees-divasiya mausam key dauran upvaas manaaya jaataa haye, taaki registan mein apane pralobhan key dauran masih dwara manaae gaye upvaas kaa smaran kiya jaa sakey. jabaki kuchh paschimi isai poore mausam key dauran upvaas karate hain, aish budhwar aur good friede aajkal paschimi isai sampradayon dwara upvaas key maanak dinon key roop mein jore diyaa jaataa haye. catholic, methodist aur baptist paramparaon sahit kaee paschimi isai churchon mein, kuchh mandaliyon ney lent key poore mausam key dauran daniel upvaas karane key liye pratibaddh kiya haye, jisamen vishvaas karane vaale poore chaalees dinon key liye maans, lactinia aur sharaab seey parhej karate hain.
paaramparik kaale upvaas mein, paalan karane vaalaa shaam taka poore dinn bhojan seey door rahata haye, aur suryast key samay, paaramparik roop seey upvaas todata haye. bhaarat aur pakistan mein, kaee isai aish budhwar aur good friede parr kaalaa upvaas karna jaari rakhate hain, jisamen kuchh loga poore mausam mein iss tarah seey upvaas karate hain. ack pooja seva mein bhaag lene key baad, aksar budhwar kii shaam koo, vibhinn sampradayon key isaaiyon key liye ack sampradayik lenton ratribhoj key madhyam seey usa dinn key lenton upvaas koo todana aam baat haye, joe church key parrish holl mein aayojit kiya jaataa haye.
ethiopian roodhivaadi church key bheetar maans aur doodh seey door rahane vaalaa aanshik upvaas varsh key kuchh samay key dauran hotaa haye aur hafton taka rahata haye.
roman kaitholikwad.
catholics key liye, upvaas, ack takniki shabd key roop mein liya jaataa haye, kissy key bhojan key sevan koo ack poorna bhojan (jisamen poore varsh mein aish budhwar, achche shukravaar aur shukravaar koo maans naheen hoe sakata haye jaba taka kii shukravaar koo koee gambhirta naa hoe) aur dou chhote bhojan (jise dhaarmik roop seey sanyojan key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye), donon koo ack saath badey bhojan key barabar naheen honah chaahiye. bhojan key beach thhos bhojan karane kii anumati naheen haye. 18 seey 59 varsh kii ayu key beach key vishvaasiyon key liye nirdisht dinon mein upvaas aavashyak haye. 14 varsh aur usase adhik ayu key logon key liye dinn key liye maans kaa poorna tyag aavashyak haye. maans koo germ khoon vaale jamini jaanvaron key roop mein samajha jaataa haye.
catholic church mein, chaalees dinn upvaas aur maans aur lactinia seey parhej key dinn they jaba taka kii inn niyamon koo pope benedict XIV dwara "gair aspashtata" mein aur pope leo XIII dwara "indultum quadrazecimal" mein shithil naheen kiya gayaa thaa. 1965 mein doosari vatican parishad key bund honey seey pahale, kull chaalees dinon key sabhi dinn, catholic church mein upvaas key dinn they, shukravaar aur shaniwar maans seey parhej key dinn they; inn niyamon kaa paalan kuchh paaramparik catholics dwara kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii mairi bedagh raani (cmri) kii mandali key chappel mein pooja karane vaale. pope payas xii ney shuru mein 1956 mein upvaas seey sambandhit kuchh niyamon mein dheel dee. 1966 mein, pope paul vi ney apane apostolic samvidhaan "penitamini" mein, sakhti seey viniyamit catholic upvaas aavashyaktaon koo badal diyaa. unhone sifarish kii kii upvaas sthaaniya aarthik sthiti key liye upayukt hoe, aur sabhi catholic swechha seey upvaas karein aur parhej karein. sanyukt raajya america mein, upvaas key kewal dou anivarya dinn hain-aish budhwar aur good friede. haalaanki nashwar paap key dard mein naheen, lekin sabhi chaalees dinon key upvaas kii "dridhata seey anushansa kii jaati haye. lent key shukravaar sanyam key dinn hotey hain. 1966 seey dehaati shikshaon ney saal key anya shukravaaron koo udhaar key dauran swaichhik upvaas aur swaichhik tyag kaa aagrah kiya haye. aisee gatividhiyon seey sambandhit niyam taba lagu naheen hotey hain jaba kaam karane kii kshamata yaa kissy vyakti key swaasthya parr nakaratmak prabhaav padegaa.
anglikvaad.
1662 kii "samanya prarthana kii pustak" upvaas aur sanyam key dinon key roop mein kuchh dinon koo nirdhaarit karati haye, jisamen 40 dinn kaa upvaas, ember dinn, teen palayan dinn (somwar seey budhwar taka swargarohan key baad ravivaar key baad), aur varsh key sabhi shukravaar (chrismus koo chhodkar, yadi yeh shukravaar koo padata haye) shamil hainh
varsh mein manaae jaane vaale jaagaran, upvaas aur sanyam key dinon kii ack mez.
sant augustein kii prarthana pustak upvaas koo paribhaashit karati haye, jiska arth aamtaur parr udhaar key chaalees dinon mein halka nashta, ack poorna bhojan aur ack aadhaa bhojan seey adhik naheen hotaa haye."sant augustein kii prarthana pustak key anusaar, "sanyam kaa arth haye kissy vishesh prakaar key bhojan yaa peya seey bachana. sanyam kii ack paaramparik abhivyakti shukravaar koo maans mein yaa poore varsh key dauran maans seey bachana haye, chrismus aur easter key mausam koo chhodkar. rinn key poore mausam key dauran sanyam kaa koee vishesh kaary karna aam baat haye. yeh aatm-anushasana anya samayon parr, jaruratmand logon key saath ekjutata key kaary key roop mein yaa prarthana kii shaaririk abhivyakti key roop mein sahayak hoe sakata haye."
anglikan communion key vibhinn praanton mein "samanya prarthana kii pustak" koo sanshodhit karane kii prakriya mein kuchh dinon key liye sanyam yaa upvaas key vinirdesh koo banaae rakhaa gayaa haye. aam taur parr udhaar aur shukravaar koo alag rakhaa jaataa haye, halanki chrismus aur easter key dauran shukravaar koo kabhi-kabhi taalaa jaataa haye. aksar oonchi aavaaz key dinn yaa palayan key dinn bhee nirdisht kiye jaate hain, aur kuchh daavaton kii burai (jaagaran).
upvaas key inn dinon key alawa, kaee anglikan bhee ack dhaarmik vrat rakhate hain. sant augustein kii prarthana pustak mein kahaa gayaa haye kii dhaarmik vrat ack "madhyaraatri seey bhojan aur peya donon seey sakht upvaas" haye joe "hamaare prabhu koo shraddhanjali" mein dinn key pahale bhojan key roop mein dhanya sanskar koo praapt karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. yeh angreji logon seey chrismus kii poorv sandhya key madhyaraatri key dravyamaan seey pahale kuchh ghanton key liye upvaas karane kaa aagrah kartaa haye, joe chrismus kii pahali pooja haye.
30 janwari 1649 koo ingland key church key sarvocch governor charles pratham key nishpaadan seey, jaba taka kii ise varshgaanth divas paalan adhiniyam 1859 mein nirast naheen kiya gayaa, church ney unake raajaa charles shaheed banane key uplakshya mein 30 janwari koo ack upvaas divas key roop mein shamil kiya. raajaa charles dha martid kii society, ack angreji catholic samooh, 30 janwari koo charles key parv divas key roop mein manaata haye.
purvi roodhivaadita aur praachya roodhivaadita.
roodhivaadi isaaiyon koo budhwar (jasus budhwar koo yeeshu key vishvaasghaat kii yaad mein) aur shukravaar (achche shukravaar koo yeeshu key croose parr chadhaae jaane kii yaad mein) koo upvaas karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jiska arth haye shaam (suryast) taka jaitoon kaa tail, maans, machhali, doodh aur dayeri utpaadon kaa sevan naheen karna. mool roodhivaadi isai kaanoon una praniyon seey praapt sabhi utpaadon koo manaa kartaa haye jinake paas rakt haye. shaam koo upvaas todane key baad joe raat kaa khaana khaaya jaataa haye, usamen shelfish shamil naheen honey chaahiye. isake alawa, roodhivaadi isai poore varsh budhwar aur shukravaar koo yaun sambandhon seey door rahate hain, jaisa kii poore rinn, janm key upvaas aur mairi key grahan key tyohar seey pandrah dinn pahale hotaa haye.
purvi roodhivaadi isaaiyon key liye, upvaas ack mahatvapurna aadhyatmik anushasana haye, joe puraane vasiyatnama aur nae donon mein paaya jaataa haye, aur shareer (yoonaanih "soma") aur aatma ("nyuma") key beach talmel key roodhivaadi dharamshastra key siddhant seey judaa huaa haye. kahane kaa matlab haye, roodhivaadi isai shareer aur aatma key beach ack dwibhajan naheen dekhate hain, balki unhein ack sanyukt samagr key roop mein maanate hain, aur unakaa maanana haye kii ack key saath joe hotaa haye vaha dusare koo prabhaavit kartaa haye (ise shareer aur aatma key beach "manodaihik sangh" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye). sant gregory palama ney tark diyaa kii manushya kaa shareer dushman naheen haye, balki aatma key saath ack bhagidar aur sahayogi haye. masih ney avtaar mein ack maanav shareer koo laker, shareer koo pavitrikaran kaa ack akshay srot banaa diyaa haye. yahee avadharana sant mucker mahaan kii bahut pahale kii updeshon mein bhee paaee jaati haye.
upvaas calender varsh kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa leey sakata haye. upvaas kaa uddeshya peedaa sahana naheen haye, balki pavitra parampara key anusaar petu aur ashuddh vichaaron, karyon aur shabdon seey bachaav karna haye. upvaas key saath hamesha prarthana aur daan (paristhitiyon key aadhar parr sthaaniya daan koo, yaa seedhe garibon koo daan) mein vriddhi honey chaahiye. unake binaa upvaas karna bekaar yaa aadhyatmik roop seey bhee hanikarak maanaa jaataa haye. apane paapon kaa paschaataap karna aur dusaron key pyaar mein pahunchana sachche upvaas kaa hissa haye.
paanch upvaas key mausam hain, jinamen shamil hainh
budhwar aur shukravaar bhee poore varsh upvaas key dinn hotey hain (upvaas-mukt masik dharm koo chhodkar). kuchh roodhivaadi mathon mein, somwar koo upvaas key dinon key roop mein bhee manaaya jaataa haye (somwar koo swargadooton koo samarpit kiya jaataa haye, aur mathvaad koo "swargadoot jeevan" kahaa jaataa haye).
anya dinn aatey hain joe hamesha upvaas key dinon key roop mein manaae jaate hainh
inn samay key dauran upvaas mein nimnalikhit seey parhej karna shamil haih
jaba upvaas key dinn ack dawat kaa dinn hotaa haye, tou upvaas koo aksar kuchh hudd taka cumm (cumm) kiya jaataa haye (halanki maans aur dayeri kaa sevan kabhi bhee kissy upvaas key dinn naheen kiya jaataa haye). udaaharan key liye, ghoshana kaa parv lagbhag hamesha roodhivaadi calender mein badey daan key bheetar hotaa haih iss mamle mein machhali (paaramparik roop seey jaitoon key tail mein talaa huaa haddock) dinn kaa mukhya bhojan haye.
shaman key dou star hainh sharaab aur tail kaa bhatta; aur machhali, sharaab aur tail kaa bhatta. bahut chhoti aur bahut boodhi, stanpan karaane vaali maataon, kamjor, saath hii saath jinake liye upvaas kissy tarah unake swaasthya koo khatare mein daal sakata haye, unhein upvaas key sakht niyamon seey chhoot dee gaee haye.
badey daane key pahale saptah key saptah key dinon mein, upvaas vishesh roop seey gambhir hotaa haye, aur kaee loga kuchh samay key liye sabhi bhojan seey door rahkar iska paalan karate hain. sakht paalan key anusaar, pahale paanch dinon (somwar seey shukravaar taka) mein kewal dou bhojan khaae jaate hain, ack budhwar koo aur doosara shukravaar koo, donon poorv-nirdhaarit pooja key baad. joe loga sakht paalan kaa paalan karane mein asamarth hain, way mangalwar aur guruwar koo (lekin, yadi sambhav hoe, tou somwar koo naheen) shaam koo wesper key baad khaa sakate hain, jaba way rotty aur paani, yaa shayed chaay yaa falon kaa russ leey sakate hain, lekin pakaa huaa bhojan naheen. pavitra saptah key dauran vahee sakht bahishkaar manaaya jaataa haye, sivaay isake kii mahaan guruwar koo sharaab aur tail key saath shakahari bhojan kii anumati haye.
mahaan bhojan key pahale saptah key budhwar aur shukravaar koo joe bhojan liya jaataa haye usamen zerofaggy (shaabdik roop seey, "sookha khaana") shamil hotaa haye.ee. ubli hui yaa kachchi sabjiyaan, phal aur meve. kaee mathon mein, aur adhik bhakt aam logon key gharon mein, sharaab aur tail kii anumati key alawa, harr saptah key dinn (somwar seey shukravaar taka) badey daane kaa zerofaggy manaaya jaataa haye.
pavitra biradari praapt karane key ichchuk loga aadhi raat seey pahale sabhi bhojan aur peya seey poorna upvaas rakhate hain (dhaarmik anushasana dekhein).
tyohaaron key kuchh samay key dauran upvaas key niyamon koo poori tarah seey samaapt curr diyaa jaataa haye, aur church mein sabhi koo budhwar aur shukravaar koo bhee uchit sanyam key saath bhojan karane key liye protsaahit kiya jaataa haye. upvaas mukt dinn iss prakaar hainh
paddhativaad.
paddhativaad mein, upvaas koo dharmanishtha key karyon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. "paddhativaad key sansthaapak, johnn wesley dwara likhe gaye" paddhativaadi church key samanya niyam ", ney likhaa haye kii" inn samajon mein jaari rakhane kii ichcha rakhane vaale sabhi logon seey yeh apeksha kii jaati haye kii way moksh kii apani ichcha kaa pramaan dete rahein, bhagwan key sabhi adhyadeshon parr dhyaan dete hue, jaise kih bhagwan kii saarvajanik pooja; shabd kii mantralaya, yaa tou padhee yaa vyakhya kii; prabhu kaa bhojan; parivaar aur niji prarthana; shaastron kii khoj; aur upvaas yaa sanyam."methodism kii pramukh dhaarmik pustak methodist kii ravivaar kii seva (johnn wesley dwara ack saath rakhee gaee), saath hii saath baind societies koo diye gaye nirdesh (25 disambar 1744), methodists key liye varsh key sabhi shukravaaron koo upvaas aur maans seey parhej karna anivarya thaa, ack aisee pratha jiss parr fobe pamar dwara phir seey jore diyaa gayaa thaa aur pavitrata andolan key methodist churchon mein maanak bunn gaee thee. isake alawa, wesleyan methodist church key "anushasana" key liye methodists koo "nae saal key dinn key baad pahale shukravaar koo; lady-day key baad; midsummer-day key baad; aur michaelmas-day key baad" upvaas karane kii aavashyakta thee."aitihaasik roop seey, vidhivaadi paadari varg koo budhwar koo, masih key vishvaasghaat kii yaad mein, aur shukravaar koo, unake croose parr chadhaae jaane aur mrityu kii yaad mein upvaas karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. wesley ney swayam bhee pavitra biradari praapt karane seey pahale upvaas karate hue, "bhagwan parr apana dhyaan kendrit karane key uddeshya seey", aur anya paddhativaadi isaaiyon seey bhee aisaa karane key liye kahaa. dharmgranth aur church key pitaaon kii shikshaon key anusaar, vidhi mein upvaas "subah seey shaam taka" kiya jaataa haye; johnn wesley ney ack dinn kii dhaarmik paribhasha key anusaar suryast (guruwar koo) seey suryast (shukravaar koo) taka upvaas karate hue adhik kathor shukravaar kaa upvaas rakhaa.
kaee paddhativaadi sambandhon mein, paschaataap key isai kaaran key dauran upvaas parr jore diyaa gayaa haye, jise "yeeshu, unaki aadhyatmik taiyari key hisse key roop mein, jangal mein gaye aur 40 dinn aur 40 raaton kaa upvaas kiya" key bibil key mool key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. kuchh paddhativaadi sambandhon key padanukram dwara aisaa karane key liye aagrah kiya gayaa, kaee paddhativaadi mandaliyaan daan kii poori avadhi key liye daniel upvaas karati hain, jisamen vishvaas karane vaale paschaataap key poore 40 dinon key mausam key liye maans aur lacticinia seey door rahate hain. good friede, joe kii lenton season key anta mein hotaa haye, paaramparik roop seey methodists key liye sampradayik upvaas kaa ack mahatvapurna dinn haye. rev. huston mein nyu faith community united methodist church key mantri jackie king ney upvaas key darshan koo iss prakaar samajhaaya kii "main bhojan naheen chhod rhaa huun kyonki usa bhojan key sthaan parr main vaastav mein bhagwan key saath bhojan curr rhaa huun.
praachya roodhivaadi.
sabhi praachya roodhivaadi church upvaas kaa abhyaas karate hain; haalaanki, pratyek church key niyam alag-alag hotey hain. sabhi churchon koo pavitra samagam praapt karane seey pahale aadhi raat seey upvaas karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. sabhi church poore varsh adhikansh budhwar aur shukravaar koo upvaas karane key saath-saath kaee anya dinon koo bhee manaate hain. bhikshu aur nana bhee atirikt upvaas karate hain joe aam logon key liye aavashyak naheen hotey hain.
armenian apostolic church (jerusalam key armenian pitrisatta koo chhodkar) ney 1923 seey gregorian calender kaa paalan kiya haye, jisase yeh aur finish orthodox church (ack purvi orthodox church) mukhya roop seey paschimi isai dharm key samaan tarikh koo easter manaane vaale ekmatra roodhivaadi church bunn gaye hain. natijatan, armenian church kaa lent kaa avalokan aam taur parr anya roodhivaadi churchon seey pahale shuru hotaa haye aur samaapt hotaa haye.
luthran.
protestant sudhaarak martin luther kaa maanana thaa kii upvaas "shareer key garv aur vasna koo maarne aur vash mein karane" kaa kaam kartaa haye. iss prakaar, luthran church aksar saamoohik upvaas parr swaichhik upvaas parr jore dete they, halanki kuchh dhaarmik mausam aur pavitra dinn sampradayik upvaas aur sanyam kaa samay they. kuchh luthran samudaay nirdhaarit samay jaise kii lent key dauran upvaas kii vakaalat karate hain, vishesh roop seey aish budhwar aur good friede parr. "rinn key anushasana key liye ack pustika" nimnalikhit luthran upvaas dishaanirdeshon koo chitrit karati haih
ise dhaarmik sanskar mein bhaag lene key liye ack upayukt shaaririk taiyari bhee maanaa jaataa haye, lekin sanskar praapt karane key liye upvaas aavashyak naheen haye. martin luther ney apane chhote seey dharmopadesh mein likhaa haye, "upvaas aur shaaririk taiyari nishchit roop seey achchha baahari prashikshan haye, lekin ack vyakti jise inn shabdon mein vishvaas haye, 'aapke liye diyaa gayaa' aur 'paap kii kshama key liye aapke liye bahaaye gaye' vaastav mein yogya aur achchi tarah seey taiyar haye."
sudhaar kiya.
sudhaar kii gaee parampara (mahadvipiya sudhaar, saamoohik, presbyterian aur anglican church) key pramukh johnn calvin kaa maanana thaa kii sampradayik upvaas "ishwar key krodh koo shaant karane mein madad karenge, iss prakaar plaig, akaal aur yuddh kii tabahi kaa mukabala karenge."isake alawa, vyaktigat upvaas usa mein fayademand thaa" vyakti koo prarthana key liye niji roop seey taiyar karane key saath-saath vinamrata, aparaadh sweekaar karane, bhagwan kii kripa key liye kritagyata aur nishchit roop seey, vasna koo anushaasit karane koo badhaava dene mein."iss prakaar, sudhaar kii gaee parampara mein kaee churchon ney apani sampoornata mein upvaas koo banaae rakhaa. america mein sudhaar church ney lent, aish budhwar key pahale dinn koo "prarthana, upvaas aur paschaataap parr kendrit" dinn key roop mein varnit kiya haye aur upvaas koo poore lenton season kaa kendra maanaa haye, jaisa kii "lenton anushasana kaa paalan karane key nimantran" mein pradarshit kiya gayaa haye, joe aish budhwar seva key liye sudhaarit dhaarmik prarthana mein paaya jaataa haye, jise adhyaksh dwara padhaa jaataa haih
good friede, joe kii lenton season key anta mein hotaa haye, paaramparik roop seey sudhaar kiye gaye vishvaas key anuyaayiyon key liye sampradayik upvaas kaa ack mahatvapurna dinn haye. isake alawa, sudhaar isai dharm kii shuddhatavadi/saamoohik parampara key bheetar, sampradayik upvaas key liye "gambhir krishi aur mausam sambandhi sthitiyon, church, sainya, raajneetik aur samajik sankaton key jawab mein upman aur dhanyavaad key vishesh dinn" nirdhaarit kiye jaate hain.
haal key varshon mein, dhaarmik navikaran andolanon seey prabhaavit kaee churchon ney upvaas koo protsaahit karna shuru curr diyaa haye, joe kii dhaarmik varsh key dou praayashchit key mausamon mein hotaa haye. anabaptist andolan key sadasya aam taur parr niji roop seey upvaas karate hain. yeh pratha church key pradhikari dwara viniyamit naheen haye.
moravian.
moravian church key sadasya swechha seey rinn key mausam key dauran upvaas karate hain, saath hii paschaataap key roop mein mausam key liye ack rinn balidan karate hain.
pentecostalism.
shaastriya panchkoshthvaad mein sanyam aur tyag key dinn nirdhaarit naheen hotey hain, lekin andolan mein vyaktiyon koo lugg sakata haye kii unhein pavitra aatma dwara chhote yaa vistaarit upvaas karane key liye nirdeshit kiya jaa rhaa haye. haalaanki pentecostalism ney vibhinn prakaar key upvaas koo vargeekrit naheen kiya haye, lekin andolan key bheetar kuchh lekhakon ney aisaa kiya haye. arther valis "samanya upvaas" key baare mein likhate hain jisamen kewal shuddh paani kaa sevan kiya jaataa haye. kaalaa upvaas" jisamen kuchh bhee naheen, paani bhee naheen, kaa sevan kiya jaataa haye, kaa bhee ullekh kiya gayaa haye. dow. curtis ward bataata haye kii teen dinon seey adhik samay taka kaalaa upvaas karane seey nirjalikaran hoe sakata haye, gurde koo apuraniya roop seey nuksan hoe sakata haye aur sambhaavit mrityu hoe sakati haye. unhone aage nott kiya kii nae vasiyatname mein kaheen bhee yeh darj naheen haye kii kissy ney bhee teen dinon seey adhik samay taka kaalaa upvaas kiya haye aur kissy koo bhee iss bibil key dishanirdesh kaa paalan karna chaahiye. samanya tej aur kaale upvaas key alawa, kuchh loga daniel upvaas (yaa aanshik upvaas) karate hain jisamen kewal ack prakaar kaa bhojan (jaise.jee.phal yaa phal aur gair-starch vaali sabjiyon) kaa sevan kiya jaataa haye. bible mein daniel 10:2-3 mein ullikhit ack daniel mein, "una dinon main daniel poore teen saptah shoke curr rhaa thaa. maine koee sukhad rotty naheen khaai, naa maans aaya aur naa hii sharaab merey munh mein aaee, naa hii maine poore teen saptah taka khud koo bilkul bhee abhishek kiya."pentecostal key kuchh vritton mein," "fast" "shabd kaa upayog kewal kiya jaataa haye, aur paani peene kaa nirnay vyaktigat aadhar parr nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye.
yeeshu masih kaa church baad key dinon key santon kaa church.
yeeshu masih key church off later-day saints (ell. dee. aiss. church) key sadasyon key liye, upvaas prarthana key saath bhojan aur peya seey poorna tyag haye. sadasyon koo pratyek maheene key pahale ravivaar koo upvaas karane key liye protsaahit kiya jaataa haye, jise upvaas ravivaar key roop mein naamit kiya jaataa haye. upvaas ravivaar key dauran, sadasya 24 ghante kii avadhi mein lagaatar dou baar bhojan aur peya seey door rahate hain; yeh aamtaur parr ravivaar kaa nashta aur dopahar kaa bhojan hotaa haye, iss prakaar upvaas shaniwar koo shaam key bhojan aur ravivaar koo shaam key bhojan key beach hotaa haye. bhojan naa khareedane aur taiyar naa karane seey bache hue paise koo church koo ack twarit bhent key roop mein daan kiya jaataa haye, jiska upayog phir jaruratmand logon kii madad key liye kiya jaataa haye. sadasyon koo kewal nyuntam raashi seey adhik daan karane aur jitna sambhav hoe utanaa udaar honey key liye protsaahit kiya jaataa haye. gorden bee. hinkley ney kahaah "sochiye... aggar upvaas divas aur upvaas kii bhent key siddhanton kaa paalan duniya bhar mein kiya jaataa tou kyaa hotaa. bhookhe logon koo khilaaya jaataa, nagna kapade pahane, begharon koo aashray diyaa jaataa. ... harr jagah logon key dilon mein chinta aur nihsvaarthata kaa ack nayaa paimana badhega."upvaas aur jaruratmand logon kii sahaayata key liye upayog key liye sambandhit daan, ack mahatvapurna siddhant haye jaisa kii church key netaaon dwara church key samanya sammelanon key dauran iss vishay parr sambodhit kiye jaane seey pataa chalata haye.
ravivaar koo upvaas parr honey vaali pooja sabhaon mein church key sadasyon key liye sanskar sabhaa bhaag key dauran saarvajanik roop seey yeeshu masih aur church key siddhant mein apane vishvaas kii gawahi dene key avsar shamil hain, jise aksar upvaas aur gawahi sabhaa key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
upvaas koo sadasyon key liye protsaahit kiya jaataa haye jaba bhee way bhagwan key karib jaanaa chaahte hain aur shareer parr aatma key aatm-prabhutva kaa abhyaas karna chaahte hain. sadasya jaba bhee bhagwan seey vishesh aashirvaad kii prarthana karna chaahte hain, taba way vyaktigat, parivaar yaa samooh upvaas bhee curr sakate hain, jisamen unake yaa dusaron key liye swaasthya yaa aaraam shamil haye.
daniel jaldi.
daniel kii pustak (1:2-20, aur 10:2-3) moosa key niyamon mein bhagwan dwara ashuddh ghoshit khaadya padarthon (daniel upvaas) seey 10 yaa 21 dinon key bachane koo sandarbhit karati haye. daniel upvaas key aadhunik sanskaranon mein, bhojan key vikalp sabut anaaj, phal, sabjiyaan, daalen, meve, beej aur tail taka seemit hoe sakate hain. daniel upvaas shakahari aahar seey milata-julata haye kyonki isamen pashu mool key khaadya padaarth shamil naheen hain. parichhed dridhata seey sujhaav dete hain kii bhagwan key aashirvaad key kaaran daniel upvaas achche swaasthya aur mansik pradarshan koo badhaava dega.
hindu dharm.
upvaas hindu dharm kaa ack vaikalpik hissa haye. vyakti vyaktigat maanyataon aur sthaaniya reeti-rivaajon key aadhar parr vibhinn prakaar key upvaas karate hain. kuchh hindu maheene key kuchh dinon jaise ekadashi, pradosh yaa purnima parr upvaas karate hain. saptah key kuchh dinn vyaktigat vishvaas aur pasandida devta key aadhar parr upvaas key liye bhee alag rakhe jaate hain. udaaharan key liye, shiv key bhakt somwar koo upvaas karate hain, jabaki vishnu key bhakt guruwar koo upvaas karate hain aur ayyappa key bhakt shaniwar koo upvaas karate hain. mangalwar kaa upvaas dakshin bhaarat key saath-saath uttar-paschimi bhaarat mein bhee aam haye. dakshin mein, yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii mangalwar devi shakti key ack roop, devi mariamman koo samarpit haye. shraddhaalu suryodaya seey pahale khaate hain aur suryodaya aur suryast key beach kewal taral padaarth peete hain. kewal ack nirdhaarit avadhi key beach key taral padaarth, jaise jall upvaas, aadhaa upvaas haye. uttar mein, mangalwar aur shaniwar bhagwan hanuman koo samarpit hain aur bhakton koo suryodaya aur suryast key beach kewal doodh aur phal khaane kii anumati haye. uttar bhaarat key hinduon mein guruwar kaa upvaas aam haye. guruwar koo, bhakt apana upvaas shuru karane seey pahale ack kahani sunate hain. guruwar key dinn vrat mein bhee brihaspati mahadev kii pooja kii jaati haye. way peele kapade pahanate hain, aur peele rung key bhojan koo prathamikta dee jaati haye. mahilaaen kele key pedh kii pooja karati hain aur usey paani detee hain. khaadya padaarth peele rung key ghee seey banaae jaate hain. guruwar koo guru koo bhee samarpit kiya jaataa haye aur guru kaa anusaran karane vaale kaee hindu iss dinn upvaas karenge. dhaarmik tyohaaron key dauran upvaas karna bhee bahut aam haye. aam udaaharan hain mahaa shivaratri (adhikansh loga mahaa shivaratri parr sakht upvaas karate hain, yahaan taka kii paani kii ack boond bhee naheen khaate hain), yaa navratri key nau dinn (joe hindu calender key anusaar diwali seey thheek pahale aprail key maheenon mein saal mein dou baar aur vijayadashmi key dauran octuber/navambar mein hotaa haye). karwa chauth bhaarat key kuchh hisson mein upvaas kaa ack roop haye jahan vivaahit mahilaaen apane pati kii bhalai, samriddhi aur deerghaayu key liye upvaas karati hain. patni key chhalani key madhyam seey chandrama koo dekhane key baad upvaas toda diyaa jaataa haye. hindu panchang key paanchven maheene (shravan maas) mein, kaee loga shraavan manaate hain. iss dauran kuchh loga saptah key usa dinn upvaas karenge joe unake chune hue devtaon kii pooja key liye aarakshit haye, jabaki anya poore maheene key dauran upvaas karenge. aandhr pradesh raajya mein, kaartik (maheena) kaa maheena, joe deepawali key agale dinn seey shuru hotaa haye, aksar kuchh logon, vishesh roop seey mahilaaon key liye lagaatar (halanki aavashyak roop seey nirantar naheen) upvaas kii avadhi hoti haye. iss maheene key dauran upvaas key liye aam avsaron mein bhagwan shiv key liye somwar, kaartik kii purnima kaa dinn aur nagula chaviti kaa avsar shamil hain.
upvaas key tareeke bhee vyaapak roop seey bhinn hotey hain aur ack vyaapak spectrum koo cover karate hain. yadi sakhti seey paalan kiya jaataa haye, tou upvaas karane vaalaa vyakti pichhale dinn key suryast seey agale dinn key suryodaya key 48 minut baad taka koee bhojan yaa paani naheen khaata haye. upvaas kaa arth yeh bhee hoe sakata haye kii aap dinn mein ack baar bhojan karane taka hii seemit rahein, kuchh prakaar key khaadya padaarth khaane seey bachein yaa kewal kuchh prakaar key khaadya padaarth hii naa lein. kissy bhee mamle mein, upvaas karane vaale vyakti koo kissy bhee pashu utpaad koo khaana yaa chhoone taka kii aavashyakta naheen haye (i.ee., maans, andey) dayeri utpaadon koo chhodkar. upvaas key dauran kaee hindu samudaayon key liye, aaloo, saag aur meethe aaloo, baingani-laal meethe aaloo, amrenth key beej, meve aur shamaa bajra jaisi starch vaali vastuon kii anumati haye. bhaarat key paschimi bhaag mein lokpriya upvaas vyanjanon mein farari chevdo, sabudana kheechadi yaa moongfali kaa soop shamil haye.
shree vidya mein, upvaas karna varjit haye kyonki devi unake bheetar haye, aur bhookhe rahane seey bhagwan bhookhe reh jaayenge. shrividya mein upvaas key liye ekmatra apavaad usa dinn hotaa haye jaba pahale maataa-pitaa kii mrityu hoe jaati haye.
mahabharat-anusheelan parv (pustak 13)
yudhishthir bheeshm seey poochata haye, "sarvocch tapasya kyaa haye?"bheeshm (dhaara 103 mein) kahata haye...bhojan seey door rahane seey behtar koee tapasya naheen haye! iss sambandh mein jagirad aur prasiddh brahmin (srishti key potey) key beach pravachan kii pracheen kathaa kaa paath kiya jaataa haye.
jagirath kaa kahana haye kii upvaas kii pratigya indra koo gyaat thee. unhone ise gupt rakhaa lekin usaanon ney ise pahale brahmand koo bataaya. jagirath kahate hain, "merey vichaar mein upvaas seey badaa koee tapasya naheen haye."jagirath ney kaee balidan kiye aur upahaar diye aur kahaa" joe upahaar mujhase bahata thaa vaha swayam gangaa kii dhaara jitna hii prachur thaa.(lekin..) inn karyon key gunon key madhyam seey maine iss kshetra koo praapt naheen kiya haye."jagirath ney upvaas kii pratigya kaa paalan kiya aur" "brahmin key kshetra" "taka pahunch gayaa. bheeshm yudhishthir koo salah dete hain, "kyaa aap bahut hii shreshth yogyata key iss vrat (upvaas) kaa paalan karate hain joe sabhi koo pataa naheen haye."
usee pustak kii dhaara 109 mein, yudhishthir bheeshm seey poochate hain kii duniya key sabhi prakaar key upvaason mein "sabse adhik, sabse adhik fayademand" aur faldaayi "kyaa haye. bheeshm kahate hain, "chandra maheene key 12vein dinn upvaas karein" aur poore varsh krishna kii pooja karein. krishna kii pooja baarah roopon mein kii jaati haye jaise keshav, narayan, madhav, govind, vishnu, joe brahmand koo teen charanon mein cover karane vaale madhu key hatyare they, baune (jisane mahabali koo dhokha diyaa), sridhar, rishikesh, padmanabh, damodar, pundhariksh. aur upendra. upvaas key baad, kaee brahmanon koo bhojan denaa chaahiye. bheeshm kahate hain, "prasiddh vishnu, usa pracheen prani ney swayam kahaa haye kii aisaa koee upvaas naheen haye jisamen iss tarah key upvaas seey behtar yogyata hoe."
usee pustak kii dhaara 106 mein yudhishthir kahate hain, "upvaas karane kaa swabhaav (upvaas karane kaa) purushon key sabhi kramon mein dekhaa jaataa haye, jisamen bahut saare mlechh bhee shamil hain... upvaas karane vaale vyakti dwara iss duniya mein kaun saa phal arjit kiya jaataa haye?"bheeshm jawab detee haye kii usane angiron seey vahee sawal poochha thaa joe aapane aaj mujhase poochha haye."prasiddh angiron kaa kahana haye kii brahmanon aur kshatriya koo ack baar mein teen raaton key liye upvaas karna chaahiye.
ack vyakti joe kaale pakhwade key aathh aur chaudahaven dinn upvaas kartaa haye "vaha sabhi prakaar key rogon seey mukt hoe jaataa haye aur usamen badee oorjaa hoti haye."
ack chandra maheene key dauran harr dinn ack bhojan key liye upvaas karane seey vaha jiss maheene mein upvaas kartaa haye, usake anusaar vibhinn vardan milate hain. udaaharan key liye, margashirsh key dauran harr dinn ack baar bhojan key liye upvaas karane seey "bahut dhana aur makka praapt hotaa haye.
vaishnavaad.
kuchh vishisht avadhi mein (jaise katurmasya yaa ekadashi upvaas) yeh kahaa jaataa haye kii joe vyakti inn dinon upvaas kartaa haye aur inn dinon mein aadhyatmik abhyaas thheek seey kartaa haye jaise kii bhakton key saath judanaa-sangh, hurry (vishnu, narayan, raam, krishna) aur isi tarah key pavitra naamon kaa jaap karna (shravanam, kirtanam vishnu) paapon seey mukt hoe sakata haye.
islam.
islam mein, upvaas key liye bhojan, peya, drugs (nicotine sahit) aur yaun sambhog seey parhej kii aavashyakta hoti haye. haalaanki, upvaas kii ack vyaapak bhavna bhee haye jisamen bhaashan aur kaary mein kissy bhee jhooth seey door rehna, kissy bhee agyaani aur abhadra bhaashan seey door rehna, aur bahas aur ladaai seey door rehna shamil haye. isaliye, upvaas aavegon key niyantran koo majboot kartaa haye aur achche vyavhaar koo vikasit karane mein madad kartaa haye. ramjan key pavitra maheene key dauran, vishvasi shareer aur aatma koo shuddh karane aur apane "takwa" (achche karmon aur ishwar-chetna) koo badhaane kaa prayaas karate hain. shareer aur aatma kaa yeh shuddhikaran kissy vyakti key aantarik aur baahari kshetron koo susangat banaata haye.
musalman bhojan kaa sevan cumm karke aur swasth jeevan shally banaae rakhate hue apane shareer mein sudhaar karna chaahte hain. bhojan mein atyadhik upbhog koo hatotsaahit kiya jaataa haye aur bhookh key dard koo shaant karane key liye kewal paryaapt bhojan karane koo protsaahit kiya jaataa haye. musalmaanon kaa maanana haye kii unhein sakriya honah chaahiye, apani sabhi pratibaddhataon koo nibhana chaahiye aur kabhi bhee kissy bhee kartavya seey chookana naheen chaahiye. naitik star parr, vishvasi sabse sadgunpurna visheshtaon koo praapt karane aur unhein apani dainik sthitiyon mein lagu karane kaa prayaas karate hain. way dusaron key prati karuna, udaartaa aur dayaa dikhaane kii koshish karate hain, dhairya rakhate hain aur apane krodh koo niyantrit karate hain. sankshep mein, musalman usa sthiti mein sudhaar karane kii koshish curr rahey hain jise way achche naitik charitra aur aadton key roop mein maanate hain.
ramjan.
ramjan key dauran saal mein ack maheene key liye pratyek musalman key liye upvaas anivarya haye. pratyek dinn, upvaas subah seey shuru hotaa haye aur suryast parr samaapt hotaa haye. iss dauran musalmaanon seey kahaa jaataa haye kii way una logon koo yaad karein joe khud seey cumm bhagyashali hain aur saath hii unhein bhagwan key karib laaen. gair-anivarya upvaas saptah mein dou dinn key saath-saath maheene key madhya mein bhee hotey hain, jaisa kii paigambar muhammad dwara anushansit kiya gayaa haye.
haalaanki ramazaan mein upvaas "farad" (anivarya) haye, lekin vishesh paristhitiyon mein vyaktiyon key liye apavaad banaae jaate hain. musalmaanon koo ramjan key alawa vaikalpik roop seey upvaas karane key liye protsaahit kiya jaataa haye, joe kii kshama maangane yaa bhagwan aur kaee anya dinon mein kritagyata dikhaane kaa ack tarika haye.
ashura.
ashura, moosa aur yahudi logon koo misra seey bachaane key liye bhagwan koo dhanyavaad dene key liye, yom kippur key yahudi upvaas kaa islami samkaksh haye. ise ack dinn pahale, yaa ack dinn baad, yaa teenon dinon key upvaas key liye bhee protsaahit kiya jaataa haye. usee dinn hussain ibn allie aur unake parivaar kii shahadat bhee hoti haye. haalaanki, yeh anivarya naheen haye, kaee sunni musalman iss dinn upvaas karate hain. shiya musalman aamtaur parr aasar kii prarthana key samay taka usa dinn khaane seey bachate hain aur ise "fakaa" kahate hain, jiska arth haye hussain ibn allie aur unake sahyogiyon key balidan kii yaad mein upvaas key iraade key binaa bhojan karane seey door rehna.
shawal.
kuchh musalman shawwal key kissy bhee chhah dinon key dauran upvaas rakhate hain. iss parampara key peechhe kaa kaaran yeh haye kii islam mein ack achche karm koo 10 baar puraskrit kiya jaataa haye, isaliye ramjan key dauran 30 dinn aur shawal key dauran 6 dinn kaa upvaas daayitva kii poorti mein poore varsh key upvaas key barabar haye.
arafa.
gair-teerthyatriyon key liye arafah key dinn upvaas ack atyadhik anushansit sunnat haye jisamen ack badaa inam hotaa haye; allah dou saal key paapon koo maaf curr detaa haye. imam unn-nawawi ney apani pustak all-majmu mein ullekh kiya haye, "iss mamle parr faisale key sambandh mein, imam ass-shafee aur unake sathiyon ney kahaah joe arafa mein naheen haye, usake liye arafa key dinn upvaas karna mustahab (anushansit) haye. joe loga apana huzz naheen curr rahey hain, way pavitra dinn kii khoobiyon koo praapt karane key liye upvaas curr sakate hain.
dhu all-hizza.
dhoo all-hizza key maheene key pahale nau dinon key dauran, i.ee. eed all-adhaa seey nau dinn pahale, aur inmein seey vishesh roop seey arafa key dinn aur eed all-adhaa seey ack dinn pahale.
ayam all-bida.
"ayyam all-beed" yaa "safed dinn", purnima key teen dinn. yeye pratyek islami maheene kii 13,14 aur 15 tarikh koo aatey hain. iss shally mein upvaas karane key parinamswarup ack chandra varsh mein 32 vaikalpik upvaas hotey hain, kyonki ramjan mein upvaas karna anivarya haye aur 13 tarikh koo upvaas karna varjit haye.
davud kaa upvaas.
davood (david) kaa upavaasah poore varsh vaikalpik dinon mein upvaas karna. upvaas kii iss shally kaa shreya paigambar davood koo diyaa jaataa haye. iss shally mein lagaatar upvaas karane vaalon key liye guruwar yaa shaniwar koo upvaas kiye binaa akele shukravaar koo upvaas karane kii hatotsahitata koo hataa diyaa jaataa haye. isake parinamswarup ack chandra varsh mein lagbhag 140 vaikalpik upvaas hotey hain, joe lagbhag 355 dinn lambe hotey hain.
varjit dinn.
islam kuchh dinon mein upvaas karane seey manaa kartaa haye.
jainavaad.
jaine upvaas karane seey pahale, ack vyakti koo ack pratigya, yaa iraade kaa ack aupchaarik bayaan denaa chaahiye.
yahudi dharm.
yahoodiyon key liye upvaas kaa arth haye paani sahit bhojan aur peya seey poori tarah seey door rehna. paaramparik roop seey paalan karane vaale yahudi varsh key chhah dinn upvaas karate hain. yom kippur key apavaad key saath, shabbat parr upvaas kii anumati kabhi naheen haye, kyonki shabbat rakhane kii aagya bibil dwara nirdhaarit haye aur baad mein rabbiyon dwara sthaapit upvaas dinon koo override karati haye. (tevet key dasaven kaa mamuli upvaas bhee shabbat koo override curr sakata haye, lekin vartamaan calender pranali ise kabhi bhee honey seey rokti haye.)
yom kippur koo yahudi varsh-chakr kaa sabse mahatvapurna dinn maanaa jaataa haye aur paschaataap key saadhan key roop mein upvaas kii apeksha kramshah baar mitzwah aur bait mitzwah kii ayu seey adhik pratyek yahudi purush yaa mahila seey kii jaati haye. yeh ekmatra upvaas divas haye jiska ullekh torah (leveeya 23:26-32) mein kiya gayaa haye. iss dinn upvaas karna itna mahatvapurna haye kii kewal unheen logon koo chhoot dee jaati haye jinhen upvaas seey nashwar khatare mein daala jaayega, jaise kii beemar yaa kamjor (jeevan koo khatare mein dalna yahudi dharm key mool siddhant key khilaf haye). joe loga iss dinn khaate hain, unhein ack baar mein jitna sambhav hoe utanaa cumm khaane aur poorna bhojan seey bachane key liye protsaahit kiya jaataa haye. kuchh logon key liye, yom kippur parr upvaas karna iss pavitra dinn kii prarthanaon seey adhik mahatvapurna maanaa jaataa haye. aggar koee upvaas kartaa haye, bhale hii vaha bistar parr ghar parr hoe, tou usey poorna dhaarmik seva mein bhaag lene vaalaa maanaa jaataa haye.
upvaas kaa doosara pramukh dinn tisha baav haye, vaha dinn jiss dinn lagbhag 2500 saal pahale babyloniyon ney jerusalam mein pahale pavitra mandir koo nasht curr diyaa thaa, saath hii saath jiss dinn romanon ney lagbhag 2000 saal pahale jerusalam mein dusare pavitra mandir koo nasht curr diyaa thaa, aur baad mein baar kokha vidroh key baad jaba yahoodiyon koo jerusalam seey nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, tou tisha baav kaa dinn ack apavaad thaa. tisha baav teen saptah key shoke kii avadhi koo samaapt kartaa haye joe 17 tarikh koo upvaas key saath shuru hotaa haye. yeh vaha dinn bhee haye jaba yahudi logon koo una kaee traasdiyon koo yaad haye joe yahudi logon parr hui hain, jisamen narsamhar bhee shamil haye.
tisha baav aur yom kippur pramukh upvaas hain aur suryast seey agale dinn kii shaam taka manaae jaate hain. shesh chaar upvaason koo mamuli maanaa jaataa haye. upvaas kewal suryodaya seey shaam taka manaaya jaataa haye, aur adhik narmi taba hoti haye jaba upvaas kissy beemar yaa kamjor vyakti, yaa garbhavati yaa stanpan karaane vaali mahila key liye bahut adhik kathinaaee kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye.
chaar saarvajanik lekin chhote upvaas key dinn hainh
anya chhote paaramparik upvaas dinn bhee hain, lekin yeye saarvbhaumik roop seey naheen manaae jaate hain, aur unamen shamil hainh
yeh ack aashkenaazik parampara haye kii ack dulhan aur dulha samaroh seey pahale apani shaadi key dinn upvaas karate hain kyonki yeh dinn ack vyaktigat yom kippur kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. kuchh mandaliyon mein, vivaah samaroh seey pahale dulhan aur doolhe dwara apani niji prarthanaon mein yom kippur seva parr paschaataap praarthanaaen shamil kii jaati hain.
upvaas key inn aadhikarik dinon key alawa, yahudi aksar trasdi yaa kissy aasann aapada key saamane paschaataap karane key liye vyaktigat yaa sampradayik upvaas curr sakate hain. udaaharan key liye, kabhi-kabhi upvaas taba manaaya jaataa haye jaba ack saffer torah giraaya jaataa haye. upvaas kii avadhi bhinn hoti haye, aur kuchh yahudi tzedakah, yaa dharmarth karyon key madhyam seey upvaas kii avadhi koo cumm curr denge. somwar aur guruwar koo upvaas key liye vishesh roop seey shubh dinn maanaa jaataa haye. paaramparik roop seey, koee bhee vyakti apratyaashit burey sapane seey jaagane parr upvaas bhee kartaa haye, halanki yeh parampara aajkal shayed hii kabhi rakhee jaati haye.
talmud key samay mein, sookha upvaas key liye vishesh roop seey ack prerana rhaa haye. aadhunik samay mein bhee israel key pramukh rabinet ney kabhi-kabhi sookhe kii avadhi mein upvaas kii ghoshana kii haye.
mandeism.
mandeiwad mein, upvaas koo "sauma" () key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki "sauma" shaaririk upvaas koo sandarbhit curr sakata haye, lekin iska upayog aksar aadhyatmik dharmanishtha aur paap seey door rahane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
poorv-kolambiyai america.
dhaarmik uddeshyon key saath bhojan aur paani seey bachana sadiyon seey poore mesoamerica mein kaee swadeshi samoohon dwara aupchaarik jeevan key hisse key roop mein kiya jaataa rhaa haye. iss vishay key aspas kaa adhikansh saahitya balidan kii vyaapak jaatiya shreni key antargat aataa haye, jiska vidvaanon dwara vyaapak roop seey adhyayan kiya gayaa haye.
bhojan kaa sevan karane seey bachane key alawa, upvaas mein peene kaa paani yaa vishisht samay parr bhojan kaa sevan karane aur sabhi bhojan seey namak yaa chilly koo chhodane jaise pratibandh shamil hoe sakate hain. yaun sanyam aksar upvaas key saath hotaa haye, aur donon prathaaen teen dinon taka yaa ack saal taka key liye avadhi key roop mein cumm hoe sakati hain. upvaas key aspas kii anushthaan apekshaaen umr, ling, sambandh sambandh, samajik sthiti aur vishisht aupchaarik sandarbhon dwara nirdhaarit kii jaati hain. udaaharan key liye, kabhi-kabhi inn pratibandhon kii aavashyakta vyaktiyon key liye anushthaanik padon koo grahan karane yaa vishisht aupchaarik daayitvon koo puuraa karane seey pahale hoti haye. upvaas aur yaun sanyam aksar sabhi pratibhagiyon dwara kuchh anushthaanon mein manaaya jaataa haye-jaise kii makka lagaane key liye barish laane yaa sookhe koo samaapt karane key liye kiya jaataa haye-pavitra sthaanon parr tirthayatra parr jaane vaalon dwara, aur upchaar samarohon key dauran vistaarit sambandh network key beach. yeye prathaaen logon key anushthaanik khaadya padarthon yaa anya padarthon koo khaane seey pahale aur anushthaanik vastuon yaa dhaarmik chhaviyon koo sambhaalane seey pahale aavashyak hoe sakati hain.
madhya americi sanskritiyon mein, maanav kriya koo vishisht uddeshyon koo praapt karane key liye divya aur praakritik shaktiyon key liye ack aavashyak poorak key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, jaise kii vaarshik varsha kii shuruat yaa samaapti, fasal kii utpaadaktaa, jeevit aur mrit key beach saamanjasyapurna sambandh, aur manushyon aur gharelu jaanvaron key beach prajanan kshamata.
catherine good ney tark diyaa haye kii kaee mesoamerican anushthaan mahatvapurna oorjaa kii avadharana parr adharit hain, joe manushyon, mritakon kii aatmaon, praakritik duniya key tatvon, pavitra sthaanon aur roman catholic santon sahit anushthaan vastuon key beach prasaarit hoti haye. kuchh khaadya padarthon aur paudhon kaa sevan karna, aur yaun sambandhon seey door rehna manushyon koo iss oorjaa key pravaah koo vaanchhit uddeshyon taka pakadane, niyantrit karane aur prasaarit karane mein saksham banaata haye.
sikh dharm.
sikh dharm upvaas koo aadhyatmik kaary naheen maanata haye. sikh dharm mein tapasya key roop mein yaa jaanboojhkar bhookh key madhyam seey shareer key vinash key roop mein upvaas koo hatotsaahit kiya jaataa haye. sikh dharm bhojan mein sanyam aur sanyam koo protsaahit kartaa haye.ee.naa tou bhookh seey aur naa hii zyaadaa khaana.
sikh dharm chikitsa karanon koo chhodkar upvaas koo badhaava naheen detaa haye. sikh guru bhakt koo iss anushthaan mein shamil honey seey hatotsaahit karate hain kyonki yeh "vyakti koo koee aadhyatmik laabh naheen laataa haye. sikh pavitra granth, shree guru granth saahab hamein bataate hainh "upvaas, dainik anushthaan aur kathor aatm-anushasana-joe inca abhyaas karate hain, unhein ack kavach seey bhee cumm puraskar diyaa jaataa haye."(guru granth saahab anga 216).
yadi aap upvaas karate hain, tou ise ack tarah seey karein taaki aap karuna, kalyan koo apana sakein aur sabhi kii sadbhavana kii maang karein. "apane munn koo santusht rahane dein, aur sabhi praniyon key prati dayalu banein. iss tarah aapka upvaas safal hoga."(guru granth saahab jee, anga 299)
kewal bhagwan kii seva karein joe kewal aapka uddharkarta haye, isake bajaay anushthaan mein lipt hoe jaataa haye, vaha kewal vahee haye joe aapako harr jagah bachaayegaah "main upvaas naheen kartaa, naa hii main ramjan kaa maheena manaata huun. main kewal usee kii seva kartaa huun, joe anta mein merrie raksha karega. ..1..."(guru granth saahab jee, anga 1136)
yadi aap upvaas karate hain, tou rosemarra kii ginati karane key liye khud koo vachan dein kii aap imandar, imandar kaary karenge, apani ichchhaon koo niyantrit karenge, madhyasthata karenge. yeh ack tarika haye jisase aap khud koo paanch choron seey mukt karate hainh
"maheene key nauvein dinn (naomi), sach bolane kaa sankalp lein, aur aapaki yaun ichcha, krodh aur ichcha khaa jaayegi. dasaven dinn apane duss darvaajon koo vyavasthit karein; gyaarahaven dinn, zaan lein kii prabhu ack haye. baarahaven dinn, paanch chor vash mein hoe jaate hain, aur phir, haye nanhen, munn prasann aur prasann hoe jaataa haye. haye pandit, haye dhaarmik vidwan, iss tarah key upvaas kaa paalan karein; anya sabhi shikshaon kaa kyaa upayog haye? ..2.."(guru granth saahab jee, 1245 mein)
manushya kaa lakshya bhagwan-varr seey milna haye, isaliye guru saahab jee kahate hainh "joe iss anaaj koo fenk detaa haye, vaha pakhand kaa abhyaas curr rhaa haye. vaha naa tou ack sukhi aatma-dulhan haye, naa hii ack vidhwa haye. joe loga iss duniya mein daavaa karate hain kii way akele doodh parr rahate hain, way gupt roop seey puuraa bhojan khaate hain. ..3.. iss anaaj key binaa, samay shaanti seey naheen gujarta haye. iss anaaj koo tyagane parr, koee bhee duniya key swami seey naheen milata haye."(guru granth saahab jee, anga 873)
"ekadashi parr upvaas, thakuron (pattharon) kii pooja maaya aur shakunon mein lagey hurry seey door rahati haye. santon kii sangati mein guru key vachan key binaa kissy koo sharan naheen milati, chaahe vaha kitna bhee achchha kyon naa lagey."(bhaai gurudas jee, vaar 7)
taovad.
bigu" ("anaaj seey bachana") upvaas abhyaas kii utpatti "zian" ("divya; amar") banane key liye ack daovadi takneek key roop mein hui, aur baad mein "sanshi" ("teen laashen; dusht, jeevan-sankshipt aatmaaen joe maanav shareer mein rahati hain") key liye ack paaramparik cheeni chikitsa upchaar bunn gaee. goo" anaaj seey bachane kii cheeni vyaakhyaaen; anaaj aitihaasik roop seey bhinn hain; iska arth vishesh khaadya padaarth jaise kii khadyann, paanch anaaj (chean), yaa mukhya bhojan naa khaane seey laker inedia, saans lene kii samasya yaa aerophagia jaisi koee bhee cheez naa khaane taka haye.
yog.
yog siddhant mein, yeh anushansa kii jaati haye kii harr saptah ack vishesh dinn (somwar yaa guruwar) koo aadhyatmik upvaas banaae rakhein. pratyek maheene kii purnima key dinn bhee upvaas rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye. aadhyatmik upvaas key dinn naa kewal bhojan seey door rehna, balki poore dinn sakaratmak, aadhyatmik drishtikon key saath bitana bhee aavashyak haye. upvaas key dinn, thhos bhojan key sevan seey bachaa jaataa haye, aur avashyaktanusar paani liya jaataa haye.
japani itihas.
japan ney maans key sevan key liye upvaas kaa upayog sajaa key roop mein kiya haye. samrat tenmu ney 675 aeye mein paltu jaanvaron key sevan parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa thaa.dee. bauddh prabhaavon key kaaran aprail seey sitambar taka.jangli khel koo chhoot dee gaee thee. inn kaanoonon kaa niyamit roop seey ullanghan kiya jaataa thaa. angishiki" key anusaar, heyan kaal mein, upvaas kaa upayog maans key sevan key bauddh paap key liye sajaa key roop mein kiya jaane lagaa, shuru mein 3 dinon key liye. samudri bhojan key alawa anya maans khaane koo, jise yahaan kewal "maans" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, bauddh abhijaat varg dwara ack prakaar kii aadhyatmik roop seey bhrasht pratha key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa.
kamakura kaal taka, oopar paribhaashit jangli yaa gharelu jaanvaron koo khaane key liye 100 dinon key upvaas key liye iss mandir key adesh key saath bahut sakht pravartan aur dund shuru hoe gaye. joe koee bhee "maans" khaane vaale key saath khaata haye, usey 21 dinon taka upvaas karna padata thaa. joe koee bhee kissy aise vyakti key saath khaata haye jisane "maans" khaane vaale key saath khaaya haye, usey 7 dinon key liye upvaas karna aavashyak thaa.

