
spaahi

spahis () francisi senaa key halke-ghudsavaar resiment they jinhen mukhya roop seey algeria, tunisia aur morakko kii arab aur berber aabaadi seey bharti kiya gayaa thaa. aadhunik francisi senaa ney ack bakhtarband ikai key roop mein spahiyon kii ack resiment koo barkarar rakhaa haye, jisamen abb mukhya bhoomi france mein bharti kiye gaye karmi hain. senegal rashtrapati anurakshak key roop mein spaahi mool key saath ack ghudsavaar ikai bhee rakhta haih laal rakshak.
vyutpatti.
yeh naam ottoman turkey shabd kaa francisi roop haye, ack shabd joe nae farsi seey liya gayaa haye, jiska arth haye "senaa", yaa "ghudsavaar"; yaa, jiska arth haye "yoddha".
praarambhik itihas.
1830 mein algiers key francisi kabje key baad, sthaaniya roop seey bharti aniyamit ghudsavaaron kii tukadiyon koo uttar african seva key liye saunpe gaye halke ghudsavaaron key resiments seey jodaa gayaa thaa. inn sahayakon koo "chassars spahis" key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa. 1834 aur 1836 key beach unhein niyamit spahiyon key chaar squadranon mein sangathit kiya gayaa thaa. 1841 mein taba taka astitva mein 14 squadranon koo spahiyon key ack ekal dall mein ack saath laaya gayaa thaa. anta mein, 1845 mein teen alag-alag spaahi resiment banaae gaeh algiers kaa pahala; oran kaa doosara aur constantine kaa teesara.
spaahi resiments ney algeria kii francisi vijay mein, franco-russie yuddh mein, sino-french yuddh (1885) key anta mein, morakko aur seeriya key kabje mein aur donon vishva yuddhon mein vyaapak seva dekhi. spahiyon kii ack tukadi ney crimean yuddh mein marshel jacks leroy dee sent arnad key vyaktigat anurakshak key roop mein kaam kiya aur vahaan roser fenton dwara unaki tasveeren kheenchi gaeen. 1860 key uttari chean abhiyaan mein spahiyon key ack dall ney bhee bhaag liya. 1870-71 key franco-russie yuddh key dauran spahiyon key ack alag squadron ney peris kaa bachaav karane vaale balon kaa hissa banaaya, jabaki teen squadranon vaali ack asthaayi resiment koo loyer kii senaa seey jodaa gayaa thaa. 1871-72 key dauran algeria mein francisi shasson key khilaf ack gambhir vidroh teesare spahiyon key 5vein squadron key vidroh seey shuru huaa thaa, jinhen pahale seey hii una ikaaiyon koo majboot karane key liye france jaane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa.
teesare ganarajya key tahat, 1871 aur 1914 key beach spaahi ikaaiyon ney indochina, tunisia, morakko, senegal aur maidagaskar mein sakriya seva dekhi. 
jabaki kissy bhee francisi sainya bull mein ack drishti spasht upasthiti, spahis aamtaur parr chhote tukadiyon mein scout, jhadap aur escorts key roop mein kaam karate they. 1844 mein isli (morco) kii ladaai ack apavaad thee jaba pahali aur doosari spahiyon ney poorna resiment key roop mein safaltapurvak ladaai ladee.
bharti kaa aadhar.
1914 seey pahale francisi senaa mein spahiyon kii chaar resiment theen, jinamen seey teen algeria mein aur ack tunisia mein sthit thee. ghudsavaar ghudsavaar key roop mein apani avadhi key dauran adhikansh bhaag key liye spahiyon mein francisi adhikaariyon dwara kamaan kiye gaye arab aur berber sanic shamil they. haalaanki yeh vibhajan poorna naheen thaa aur hamesha rankon mein francisi swayamsevakon kii ack nishchit sankhya thee (udaaharan key liye, baad mein prasiddh geetkaar raymond esso 1916 aur 1919 key beach ack spaahi they). lagbhag 20 pratishat rank aur file french they aur shesh arab yaa berber they. isake alawa, kaptan key star taka commission kiye gaye padon kii ack nishchit sankhya muslim adhikaariyon key liye aarakshit thee. aine. see. oh. francisi aur musalman donon they.
uttar african tirailur (paidal senaa) ikaaiyon key vipareet ghudsavaar spahiyon koo "badey tambu" seey kheencha gayaa thaah i.ee. arab aur berber samudaayon key uchch samajik varg. yeh core kii sthaapana key samay kaa thaa jaba pratyek bharti koo apana ghodaa pradaan karane kii aavashyakta hoti thee.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran spaahi ikaaiyon kaa mashinikaran kiya gayaa thaa, isaliye rankon mein francisi logon kaa anupaat badh gayaa.
pratham vishva yuddh.
agast 1914 mein yuddh key prakop parr speniyon koo france bheja gayaa thaa. unhone mobile yuddh kii shuruati avadhi key dauran seva dekhi lekin anivarya roop seey khaai yuddh key aagaman key saath unaki bhoomika cumm hoe gaee. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran morocan spaahi resiments key nirmaan aur algerian shakha key vistaar key saath ikaaiyon kii sankhya mein vriddhi hui. 1918 taka saat spaahi resiment astitva mein they, sabhi ney paschimi morche parr seva dekhi thee. isake alawa ack alag squadron chassars dee 'afric key dou squadranon key saath thaa aur ottoman samrajya key khilaf sinai aur palestine abhiyaan key dauran 5 veen halki horse brigade key hisse key roop mein kaary kiya. francisi ghudsavaar senaa key iss sanyukt bull koo "1er régement mixte de Marche de cavalery de levant" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. 1918 mein morocan spahis ("resiment dee marche days spahis marocance") kii ack "marching resiment" ney balcon mein sakriya seva dekhi, jisase "medelle millicier" kaa saamoohik gaurav praapt huaa.
vishva yuddhon key beach.
1921 taka spaahi resiments koo badhaakar baarah curr diyaa gayaa thaa (1914 mein chaar seey) aur yeh sthaayi pratishthaan bunn gayaa. 1920 key dashak key dauran ghudsavaar spaahi resiments ney seeriya aur lebnan key saath-saath morakko mein bhee francisi janadesh mein vyaapak sakriya seva dekhi. unhone algeria aur tunisia mein pulis aur sainya-rakshakon key kartavyon kaa paalan karna jaari rakhaa. haalaanki 1930 key dashak mein "chasers dee 'afreek" aur videshi senaa ghudsavaar senaa kaa mashinikaran shuru huaa, lekin 1942 key baad taka spahis poori tarah seey ghudsavaar bull banaa rhaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
1939 mein spahiyon mein teen swatantra brigade shamil they, jinamen seey pratyek dou resiments mein seey they aur abhee bhee ghode parr savaar they. pratyek resiment mein chaar sabre squadron they jinamen seey pratyek mein paanch adhikaari aur 172 sanic they. teen resiments ney 1940 mein france mein sakriya seva dekhi. herman balk kii raay thee kii way donon vishva yuddhon mein milane vaale sabse achche sanic they. ack spaahi resiment ("1er régement de Marche de Spahis Marocains") ney dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran swatantra francisi key saath seva mein khud koo pratishthit kiya. ack ghudsavaar ghudsavaar ikai key hisse key roop mein witchy-niyantrit seeriya mein tainaat resiment key kuchh sadasyon ney juuna 1940 mein seema paar curr transjorden mein pravesh kiya. eritria mein ghudsavaar seva key baad, iss tukadi koo baad mein misra mein angrejon dwara punargathit kiya gayaa aur bakhtarband kaaron seey susajjit kiya gayaa. vistaarit aur machinikrit resiment ney misra, libia aur tunisia mein seva kii, aur francisi balon kaa hissa thaa jisane agast 1944 mein peris koo mukt kiya.
yuddh key baad.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran adhikansh spaahi resiments koo machinikrit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin kaee squadron uttar africa mein gashti kaary key liye aur france mein hii anurakshan aur anya aupchaarik kartavyon key liye tainaat rahey. 1961 taka peris mein vaarshik bastill divas pared mein hamesha safed arabi ghodon parr apani paaramparik poshak vardi mein spaahi ghudsavaar senaa koo dikhaaya jaataa thaa. jabaki arab aur berber sainikon ney ghudsavaar ikaaiyon mein badee sankhya mein banaae rakhna jaari rakhaa, mashinikaran key kaaran francisi karmi bakhtarband resiments mein bahumat bunn gaye.
bakhtarband spaahi ikaaiyon ney 1947-54 key indochina yuddh aur 1954-62 key algerian yuddh donon mein seva dekhi. 9vein algerian spahis poore algerian yuddh key dauran ack ghudsavaar resiment baney rahey, sakriya seva key dauran 24 mautein huin. prati squadron ack ghudsavaar pulton aur resiment "dhumdham" (turahiyan) koo chhodkar ikai koo antatah 1961 mein machinikrit kiya gayaa aur isake kaee sou ghode yaa tou algeria mein beche gaye yaa france koo vaapas bhej diye gaye.
6 veen spahiyon koo 1956 mein bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa, usake baad 1961 mein 9 veen. 1962 mein algerian yuddh key anta key baad, 2 veen, 3 veen aur 8 veen spahiyon koo bhee bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen kewal ack, poorv mein morocan, resiment 1 spahiyon key roop mein astitva mein thee.
aaj.
aaj francisi senaa ney ack spaahi resiment, 1er régement de spahis Marocains koo barkarar rakhaa haye; ack bakhtarband ikai jisane khaadi yuddh mein seva dekhi. resiment poore spaahi core kii paramparaon koo bhee banaae rakhti haye jaisa kii yeh pahale maujood thaa.
1984 taka resiment germany key spire mein sthit thee. unakaa poorv aadhar abb technicommusium spire haye. 1er spahis vartamaan mein valence, drum, france, rone ghaati mein lyon key dakshin mein sthit hain yaa jise aamtaur parr france mein "provence key darwaaje" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
vardi.
apane adhikansh itihas mein algerian aur tunisian spahiyon ney ack bahut hii aakarshak zauv shally kii vardi pahani thee. isamen ack oonchi arab shirastraan, kaale rung mein kadhaai kii gaee ack chhoti laal jackett, aasmaan key neele cummer coat () ack chaudi laal saish aur badee matra mein halki neeli patloon shamil thee. chaar resiments koo unake "tombuse" (jackett key saamane golakar jhoothi jeb) key alag-alag rangon seey alag kiya gayaa thaa. ack safed jalata huaa laal kapadon (morocan spahis key liye neela kapadon) key saath pahana jaataa thaa. francisi adhikaari halke neele rung kii capis, soney kii shreni key saath laal angarkhe aur dohare laal dhaariyon key saath halke neele rung kii havaa pahanate they. muslim adhikaari arab aur berber sainikon key "tenue oriental" kaa adhik vistrit sanskaran pahanate they. francisi spahiyon koo safed arab pagadi key bajaay bhoore oonta-baalon vaali door key saath ack phase pahankar pratishthit kiya gayaa thaa. ack cumm spasht antar footwear thaa-arab/berber sainikon key liye laal morakko chamade mein chhote "subbet" yaa paaramparik uttar african joote, francisi sainikon key liye paaramparik kaalaa chamada.
1915 seey, "armi dee 'afric" kii anya ikaaiyon key saath, seva key liye ack adhik vyaavhaarik khaaki vardi koo apanaaya gayaa thaa, lekin 1927 mein pared aur off-duty pahanane key liye safed jalati hui classic laal aur neeli "tenue oriental" phir seey dikhaai dee. ghudsavaar squadron ney aupchaarik kartavyon key liye iss pared vardi kaa thodaa sanshodhit sanskaran pahana, ack saadaa pagadi key saath, jaba taka kii way 1962 mein bhang naheen hoe gaye they. aadhunik 1raar spahis abhee bhee paaramparik safed jalati hui aur laal kapade pahanate hain, saath hii saath poorv morocan resiment key neele kapadon koo poori poshak key liye pahanate hain. 1915 mein apanaaya gayaa lamba-scurt vaalaa rait-khaaki "gandaura" coat, aadhunik aupchaarik vardi key hisse key roop mein avsar parr dikhaai detaa haye. headdress yaa tou ack laal chaara topi haye yaa francisi ghudsavaar senaa kaa maanak halka neela aur laal kp haye.
ack francisi bakhtarband ghudsavaar resiment key liye asadharan roop seey, yeh soney (aur samanya chaandi naheen) prateek chinh kaa upayog kartaa haye. 7 disambar 1841 key "ordonance doo roee portent sangathan dee laa cavalery indigen aine elgeri" ney francisi senaa key ack niyamit dall key roop mein spahiyon kii sthaapana "sos-adhikaariyon", "brigadier" aur francisi aur swadeshi donon adhikaariyon key liye iss vishishtata koo nirdisht kiya.
upkaran.
1914 mein spaahi shastragar 1892 carbine key saath francisi halke ghudsavaaron kaa aim 1822/82 sebar thaa. sabhi harness gahare laal chamade key they, joe swadeshi uttar african pattern aur nirmaan kaa thaa.
indochini spahis.
spahis" key roop mein naamit alpakaalik ghudsavaar senaa ikaaiyon koo indochin mein francisi aupaniveshik senaa dwara khadaa kiya gayaa thaa. inmein seey pahala 1861 mein kochinchina seey bharti kiye gaye spahiyon kaa ack squadron thaa aur 1871 mein bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa. doosara 1883 mein tunkin mein uthaaya gayaa aur 1889 mein bajatiya karanon seey vighatit kiya gayaa thaa.
anya senaaon mein spahis.
senegal spahis.
senegal apani aadhunik rashtrapati suraksha ikai aur aupchaarik gaard key roop mein spaahi mool kii ghudsavaar ghudsavaar tukadi koo banaae rakhta haye.
uttar african ghudsavaar senaa key alawa, francisi paschim africa mein spahiyon key dou squadron banaae gaye they. senegal mein pahali spaahi 1843 mein adiwasi sangharsh key prakop seey nipatane key liye paschim africa mein bheji gaee ack algerian tukadi thee. 25 francisi aur algerian spahiyon kii yeh pulton-aakar kii ikai rahee aur sthaaniya roop seey bharti karna shuru curr diyaa. sainikon koo senegal aur francisi sudan key nivaasiyon seey bharti kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki unake francisi adhikaariyon koo algerian spaahi resiments seey alag kiya gayaa thaa. senegal key spahiyon ney 1853 aur 1898 key beach francisi paschim african kshetron, sudan aur congo mein vyaapak sakriya seva dekhi, saath hii 1908 aur 1919 key beach morakko mein seva kii.
1928 mein ack arthavyavastha upaay key roop mein senegal spahiyon koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin cadder pradaan kiya gayaa thaa jisake aspas ack nava-vikasit ghudsavaar gendermary kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. isaliye senegal ganarajya key aadhunik gendermary national ney apani utpatti kaa pataa spahiyon seey lagaaya haye, aur laal gaard abhee bhee francisi kaal key jalate hue, phase aur laal angarkha pahanata haye.
algerian ganarajya rakshak aur tunisian rashtrapati kaa angarakshak.
algeria key aadhunik ganarajya rakshak mein aupchaarik uddeshyon key liye ack ghudsavaar tukadi shamil haye. yeh ikai 1962 seey pahale francisi spahiyon dwara upayog kii jaane vaali safed barb kii usee nasl parr lagaai jaati haye aur safed jalane key saath laal aur hurry vardi pahanati haye, joe motey taur parr unake poorvavartiyon seey milati-julati haye. 
tunis key rashtrapati key angarakshak key hisse key roop mein ack samaan aupchaarik ghudsavaar ikai kaa rakharkhaav kiya jaataa haye. chauthi tunisian spahis resiment seey utari aadhunik ikai francisi kaal kii vardi koo barkarar rakhti haye lekin tunisian rashtriya rangon key laal aur safed rung mein. `
italvi spahis.
libya key italvi aupaniveshik prashaasan ney 1912 aur 1942 key beach sthaaniya roop seey bharti spaahi ghudsavaar senaa key squadron banaae. italvi spahiyon ney apane francisi naamon seey alag kiya kyonki unaki pramukh bhoomika ghudsavaar pulis kii thee, jise graameen aur registani kshetron mein gasht karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. haalaanki unake paas italvi adhikaari they, way niyamit libian ghudsavaar resiment (sawari) kii tulanaa mein adhik shithil roop seey sangathit they. way registani janjaatiyon key model parr ack suramya poshak pahanate they jinase unhein bharti kiya gayaa thaa.