sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya key mamalon kii soochi, khand 88

yeh khand 88 (21 deewaar) mein darj mamalon kii ack soochi haye.) 1874 aur 1875 mein sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya dwara taya kii gaee "sanyukt raajya report".
naamit report.
1874 mein, yuu.aiss. sarkaar ney "sanyukt raajya report" banaai, aur naee shrinkhala key hisse key roop mein purani niji roop seey prakaashit mamle kii reports koo purvavyaapi roop seey kramaankit kiya. natijatan, mamle "yuu" key khandon 1-90 mein dikhaai dete hain.aiss. report mein dohare uddharan roop hain; ack "yuu" kii matra sankhya key liye.aiss. report, "aur nirnayon key praasangik reporter key liye naamit reports kii matra sankhya key liye ack (inhen" nominative report "kahaa jaataa haye).
johnn villium wallace.
yuu" key 66vein khand seey shuru hotaa haye.aiss. reports key anusaar, "sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya key faisalon key reporter johnn villium wallace they. wallus 1863 seey 1874 taka key nirnayon key reporter they, joe "sanyukt raajya report" key 68 seey 90 khandon koo cover karate they, joe unaki "wallus kii report" key 1 seey 23 khandon key anuroop they. udaaharan key liye, uddharan kaa dohra roop, "dupassier v. rochero "88 yuu haye.aiss. (21 deewaar.) 130 (1875).
"wallace kii report" americi sarvocch nyayalaya key liye antim namankit report thee; volume 91 seey shuru hocker, mamalon kii pehchaan kewal "(volume #) yuu" key roop mein kii gaee thee.aiss. (prishth #) (varsh).
88 yuu key samay sarvocch nyayalaya key nyayadhish.aiss. (21 deewaar.).
sarvocch nyayalaya kii sthaapana sanyukt raajya key samvidhaan key anuchhed III, dhaara 1 dwara kii gaee haye, joe kahata haih "sanyukt raajya kii nyaayik shakti, ack sarvocch nyayalaya mein nihit hogi. . .". nyayalaya kaa aakar nirdisht naheen haye; samvidhaan ise nyayadhishon kii sankhya nirdhaarit karane key liye congress parr chhodata haye. 1789 key nyaypalika adhiniyam key tahat congress ney mool roop seey chhah nyayadhishon (ack mukhya nyayadhish aur paanch sahayogi nyayadhish) kii sankhya nirdhaarit kii. 1789 key baad seey congress ney adalat key aakar koo chhah seey saat, nau, duss aur nau nyayadhishon (hamesha ack mukhya nyayadhish sahit) taka badal diyaa haye.
jaba mamle 88 yuu mein hotey hain.aiss. (21 deewaar.) adalat mein nimnalikhit nau sadasya shamil theh
88 yuu mein ullekhaniya mamla.aiss. (21 deewaar.).
"minor vee. khush hoe jaao. 
minor vee. mein. happerset, "88 yuu.aiss. (21 deewaar.) 162 (1875), sarvocch nyayalaya ney abhinirdhaarit kiya kii, jabaki mahilaaen purushon seey cumm nagrik naheen hain, nagrikta matdan kaa adhikaar pradaan naheen karati haye aur mahilaaon koo matdan karane seey rokane vaale raajya key kaanoon samvaidhaanik roop seey maanya hain. yeh nirnay chaudahaven sanshodhan key visheshaadhikaar yaa pratiraksha khand kii vyakhya parr adharit thaa. unneesvaan sanshodhan, joe 1920 mein samvidhaan kaa ack hissa bunn gayaa, ney ling key aadhar parr matdan key adhikaaron mein bhedbhaav koo pratibandhit karke "mamuli" koo prabhaavi roop seey khariz curr diyaa. 1960 key dashak mein, adalat ney matdan koo chaudahaven sanshodhan key samaan sanrakshan khand dwara cover kiye gaye maulik adhikaar key roop mein dekhana shuru kiya. 1964 key sarvocch nyayalaya key ack mamle mein apani asahamati mein jisamen alabama raajya vidhaayika mein punarvitaran shamil thaa, sahayogi nyayadhish johnn marshel harlen II ney matdan aur vibhajan key baare mein pichhale nirnayon kii soochi mein "minor" koo shamil kiya, jinka abb paalan naheen kiya jaa rhaa thaa.
uddharan shally.
1789 key nyaypalika adhiniyam key tahat usa samay sanghiya adalat sanrachana mein jilaa adaalaten shamil theen, jinake paas samanya pareekshan kshetradhikar thaa; circuit adaalaten, jinake paas mishrit pareekshan aur apeeliya (americi jilaa adalaton seey) kshetradhikar thaa; aur sanyukt raajya sarvocch nyayalaya, jisake paas sanghiya jilaa aur circuit adalaton parr apeeliya kshetradhikar thaa-aur raajya adalaton parr kuchh muddon key liye. sarvocch nyayalaya key paas bhee seemit mool adhikaar kshetra thaa ("i.ee., jisamen mamalon koo seedhe sarvocch nyayalaya mein daayar kiya jaa sakata haye, pahale nichali sanghiya yaa raajya adalat dwara sunaa gayaa haye). pratyek raajya, kshetra yaa anya bhaugolik kshetra mein ack yaa adhik sanghiya jilaa adaalaten aur/yaa circuit adaalaten theen.
bluebook citation shally kaa upayog mamle key naamon, uddharanon aur adhikaar kshetron key liye kiya jaataa haye. 

