tiananmen varg

tiananmen varg yaa tiananmen varg () beijing, chean key shahar key kendra mein ack shahar kaa varg haye, jiska naam isake uttar mein sthit tiananmen ("swargiya shaanti kaa dwaar") key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye, joe ise nishiddh shahar seey alag kartaa haye. chauk mein logon key nayakon kaa smaarak, logon kaa mahaan holl, chean kaa rashtriya sangrahalaya aur maao jedong kaa makbara haye. maao jedong ney 1 octuber, 1949 koo chauk mein chean janvaadi ganarajya kii sthaapana kii ghoshana kii; iss ghatana kii varshgaanth abhee bhee vahaan manai jaati haye. tiananmen varg kaa aakar 765 x 282 meater (215,730 varg meater yaa 53.31 ekad) haye. iska bahut saanskritik mahatva haye kyonki yeh cheeni itihas mein kaee mahatvapurna ghatnaaon kaa sthal thaa.
chean key baahar, yeh chauk 1989 key virodh pradarshanon aur narsamhar key liye jaanaa jaataa haye joe antarrashtriya media coverage, internet aur vaishvik sampark, isake raajneetik prabhaavon aur anya karakon key kaaran ack sainya kaarravaai key saath samaapt huaa.
itihas.
praarambhik itihas.
tianmen ("swargiya shaanti kaa dwaar"), shaahi shahar kii deewaar mein ack dwaar, 1417 mein ming rajvansh key dauran banaaya gayaa thaa. 17veen shatabdi mein, lii jicheng kii vidrohi senaaon aur manchu key netritva vaale king rajvansh kii senaaon key beach ladaai ney dwaar koo bhaari nuksan pahunchaaya, yaa yahaan taka kii nasht curr diyaa. tiananmen chauk koo 1651 mein design aur banaaya gayaa thaa, aur 1950 key dashak mein ise chaar gunaa badhaaya gayaa thaa.
aitihaasik roop seey "mahaan ming gett" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa dwaar, shaahi shahar kaa dakshini dwaar chauk key kendra key paas sthit haye. iska naam badalkar king rajvansh key dauran "mahaan king gett" aur gantantra yug key dauran "chean kaa gett" curr diyaa gayaa thaa. beijing key anya dwaaron, jaise tianmen aur jhengyang dwaar key vipareet, yeh ack vishuddh roop seey aupchaarik pravesh dwaar thaa, jisamen teen mehrab they lekin koee prachir naheen thee, joe shally mein ming kabron mein paae jaane vaale aupchaarik pravesh dwaaron key samaan thee. iss dwaar koo "rashtra key dwaar" key roop mein ack vishesh darja praapt thaa, jaisa kii isake kramik naamon seey dekhaa jaa sakata haye. yeh aam taur parr bund rahata thaa, sivaay samrat key jaba seey gujarta thaa. chauk key paschimi aur purvi chhor parr aam yatayat koo kramshah side geton kii or modd diyaa gayaa. yatayat mein iss modd key kaaran, iss dwaar key dakshin mein badey baad vaale chauk mein "shatranj grid street" naamak ack vyast bajar vikasit kiya gayaa thaa.
19veen shatabdi.
1860 mein, dusare afeem yuddh key dauran, jaba british aur francisi sainikon ney beijing parr kabja curr liya, tou unhone gett key paas derra daala aur gett aur varjit shahar koo jalaane parr vichaar kiya. antatah, unhone nishiddh shahar koo chhodane aur isake bajaay puraane grishmakaaleen mahal koo jalaane kaa faisala kiya. shianfeng samrat antatah paschimi shaktiyon koo kshetra mein sainikon koo rokane-aur baad mein rajanyik mission sthaapit karane-key liye sahmat hoe gayaa, isaliye chauk key poorv mein turant sainya-vibhaag thaa. jaba 1900 mein mukkebaaz vidroh key dauran aathh-rashtra gathbandhan kii senaaon ney beijing koo gher liya, tou unhone karyalaya parisaron koo buri tarah seey kshatigrast curr diyaa aur kaee mantralayon koo jalaa diyaa. mukkebaaz vidroh samaapt honey key baad, yeh kshetra aathh-rashtra gathbandhan key liye apane sainya balon koo ikattha karane key liye ack sthaan bunn gayaa.
20veen sadee.
1954 mein, chean key dwaar koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase chauk kaa vistaar huaa thaa. navambar 1958 mein, tiananmen chauk kaa ack badaa vistaar shuru huaa, joe kewal 11 maheenon key baad agast 1959 mein puuraa huaa thaa. yeh chauk koo duniya kaa sabse badaa aur sabse shandar banaane key liye maao jedong key drishtikon kaa anusaran kartaa haye, aur 500,000 seey adhik logon koo rakhane kaa irada rakhta haye. usa prakriya mein, badee sankhya mein aavaasiya bhavanon aur anya sanrachanaon koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa haye. isake dakshini kinare parr logon key nayakon key liye smaarak banaaya gayaa haye. isake saath hii, chean janvaadi ganarajya (pee. aar. see.) kii duss saal kii salgirah key uplakshya mein 1958 aur 1959 key beach nirmit duss mahaan imaraton key hisse key roop mein, logon kaa mahaan holl aur krantikari itihas sangrahalaya (abb chean kaa rashtriya sangrahalaya) chauk key paschimi aur purvi kinaaron parr banaaya gayaa thaa.
pee. aar. see. key pahale dashak key liye, pratyek rashtriya divas (1 octuber) koo bolshevik kranti key vaarshik soviyat samarohon key sachet anukaran mein, tianmen chauk mein ack badee sainya pared dwara chihnit kiya gayaa thaa. iss badee chhalang kii aapada key baad, see. see. pee. ney laagat mein katauti karane aur harr 10 saal mein ack sainya pared key saath ack badey samaroh key alawa kewal chhote vaarshik rashtriya divas samaroh aayojit karane kaa faisala kiya. haalaanki, saanskritik kranti kii arajakta ney 1969 mein rashtriya divas parr iss tarah key ayojan koo honey seey lagbhag roque diyaa, lekin 1966 aur 1970 mein huaa. 
1971 mein, carle marks, friedrich engels, vladmir lenin, joseph stallin, sunn yaat-saine aur maao jedong key badey chitra chauk mein banaae gaye they, jinhen kalakar jey shiaoguang dwara chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, joe swargiya shaanti key dwaar parr latka huaa maao kaa prasiddh chitra banaane key liye bhee jimmedaar haye. 1980 mein, maao kii mrityu key baad raajneetik vichardhara key downgrading key saath, chitron koo hataa diyaa gayaa aur phir seey kewal shram divas (1 maee) aur rashtriya divas parr laaya gayaa. 1988 mein, see. see. pee. netritva ney rashtriya chhuttiyon parr kewal soorya aur maao key chitra pradarshit karane kaa nirnay liya.
duss saal baad, 1979 mein, see. see. pee. ney phir seey badey paimaane parr utsav key khilaf faisala kiya, joe aise samay mein aaya jaba deng shiaoping abhee bhee satta koo majboot curr rhaa thaa aur chean koo varsh kii shuruat mein viyatnam key saath seema yuddh mein ack khandan kaa saamana karna padaa thaa. 1984 taka, sthiti mein bahut sudhaar aur sthirata key saath, pee. aar. see. ney 1959 key baad pahali baar ack sainya pared aayojit kii. tianmen squire narsamhar key baad octuber 1989 mein aisee kissy bhee gatividhi koo rokaa gayaa, lekin 1999 aur 2009 mein pee. aar. see. kii sthaapana kii 50veen aur 60veen varshgaanth parr sainya pared aayojit kii gaee. 8 maee, 2015 koo dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii samaapti kii 70veen varshgaanth manaane key liye ack sainya pared bhee aayojit kii gaee thee.
maao kii mrityu key ack saal baad, chauk key mukhya uttar-dakshin aksh key saath chean key poorv dwaar key sthaan key paas ack makbara banaaya gayaa thaa. iss pariyojana key sambandh mein, varg koo aakar mein aur badhaaya gayaa thaa taaki yeh poori tarah seey aaytaakaar hoe jaae aur 600,000 logon koo samaayojit karane mein saksham hoe.
1989 tianmen squire virodh narsamhar.
1989 mein, tiananmen chauk 1989 key tiananmen chauk virodh aur narsamhar kaa sthal thaa jisamen peepuls liberation armi ney chauk parr ack chhaatr virodh pradarshan parr nakel kasee jiska kathit uddeshya raajneetik udaarikaran aur manvadhikaron key liye adhik sammaan kaa ahwan karna thaa, jisamen agyaat sankhya mein pradarshankariyon kii maut hoe gaee, jinaki anumaanit sankhya kuchh sou seey kuchh hazaar taka thee. kaarravaai key baad, operation yelobard key madhyam seey, kaee chhaatr netaa cia kii madad seey sanyukt raajya america bhaag gaye, jahan lagbhag sabhi koo visheshaadhikaar praapt pada praapt hue.
1990 key dashak mein isake aspas rashtriya bhavya rangmanch key nirmaan aur rashtriya sangrahalaya key vistaar key saath chauk key shahari sandarbh mein badalaav kiya gayaa thaa.
vinyas.
isake nirmaan key baad seey saamoohik samarohon key liye ack sthaan key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye, isaki samtalata 38 meater (125 feat) oonchi "logon key nayakon key liye smaarak" aur "maao jedong kaa makbara" donon seey bhinn haye."yeh varg dou pracheen, vishal dwaaron key beach sthit haih uttar mein tianmen aur dakshin mein jhengyangmen, jise kianmen key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye. chauk key paschim kii or logon kaa vishal sabhaghar haye. poorv kii or chean kaa rashtriya sangrahalaya haye joe 1919 seey pahale key cheeni itihas koo samarpit haye. 
1989 mein sthaapit, swatantrata, paschimi icon kaa pratinidhitva karane vaali ack pratima ney unaki mashal koo chauk parr rakhaa huaa haye. chang 'aine avenue, jiska upayog pared key liye kiya jaataa haye, tian' aanmen aur varg key beach sthit haye. vriksh varg key poorv aur paschim kinaaron parr panktibaddh hain, lekin varg swayam khula haye, jisamen naa tou pedh hain aur naa hii bench. chauk parr badey-badey deepak stambhon seey roshni kii jaati haye joe video camers seey susajjit hotey hain. vardidhari aur saade kapadon vaale pulis adhikaariyon dwara isaki bhaari nigrani kii jaati haye.
ghatanaaen.
tiananmen chauk kaee ullekhaniya raajneetik ghatnaaon, chhaatr virodh pradarshanon aur sashastr sangharsh kaa sthal rhaa haye.
tiananmen chauk parr hui sabse ullekhaniya ghatnaaon mein 1919 mein maee chauthe andolan key dauran virodh pradarshan, 1 octuber, 1949 koo maao jedong dwara chean janvaadi ganarajya kii ghoshana, 1976 mein zau enlai kii mrityu key baad tiananmen chauk virodh pradarshan aur 1989 mein hoo yaobang kii mrityu key baad tiananmen chauk virodh aur narsamhar shamil they, jise ack sainya kaarravaai mein dabaa diyaa gayaa thaa. kaarravaai key turant baad, ack vyakti, jise tank maine kahaa jaataa haye, koo chauk key paas changan avenue parr tankon key ack stambh koo baadhit karate hue tasveer khinchvai gaee.
anya ullekhaniya ghatnaaon mein 1 octuber, 1959 taka 1949 kii ghoshana kii pratyek varshgaanth parr vaarshik saamoohik sainya pradarshan shamil they; chean janvaadi ganarajya kii 35veen varshgaanth key liye 1984 kii sainya pared joe deng giaoping key prabhutva key saath mell khaati thee; 1999 mein chean janvaadi ganarajya kii 50veen varshgaanth parr sainya pradarshan aur pared; 2001 mein tianmen squire aatm-dahan kii ghatana; 2009 mein chean janvaadi ganarajya kii 60veen varshgaanth parr sainya pradarshan aur pared, aur 2013 mein ack aatankvaadi hamla jisamen paidal chalane vaalon koo kuchalane vaalaa ack vaahan shamil thaa. 2023 mein, pulis ney "shaanti kaa ullanghan" karane key liye khooni tianmen squire kaarravaai kii 34veen varshgaanth parr karyakarta alekjendra wong sahit 20 seey adhik logon koo hirasat mein liya.
pahunch.
chauk taka pahunch (makbara, sangrahalaya, smaarak aur mahaan holl sahit) tikat haye. tikat muft hain lekin veexin (weachat) mini prograam key madhyam seey cumm seey cumm ack dinn pahale online book kiya jaanaa chaahiye, usa dinn yaa site parr tikat kharidana sambhav naheen haye.
shahar key kendra mein sthit chauk parr saarvajanik parivahan dwara aasaani seey pahuncha jaa sakata haye. beijing sabave kii line 1 kramshah tianmen paschim aur tianmen poorv mein, changan avenue parr varg key uttar-paschim aur uttar-poorv mein rukati haye. line 2 kaa kianmen station seedhe varg key dakshin mein haye.
shahar key buss maarg 1,5,10,22,52,59,82,90,99,120,126,203,205,210 aur 728 chauk key uttar mein rukte hain. 
basein 2,5,7,8,9,17,20,22,44,48,53,54,59,66,67,72,82,110,120,126,301,337,608,673,726,729,901,90, vishesh roop seey 2, vishesh roop seey 4 aur vishesh roop seey 7 chauk key dakshin mein rukati hain.
chauk aam taur parr janata key liye khula rahata haye, lekin bhaari suraksha key tahat rahata haye. pravesh seey pahale, agantukon aur unake saman kii talashi lii jaati haye, joe kaee cheeni paryatan sthalon parr ack aam pratha haye, halanki chauk kuchh hudd taka asamanya haye kyonki gharelu agantukon key paas aksar unake pehchaan dastavejon kii jaanch kii jaati haye aur unaki yatra key uddeshya parr sawal uthaaye jaate hain. saade kapadon aur vardidhari pulis adhikaari donon kshetra mein gasht karate hain. yadi koee pradarshankari atmadah kaa prayaas kartaa haye tou aag kii lapaton koo bujhaane key liye kshetra mein kaee agnishaamak upkaran lagaae gaye hain.

