
arther iberal

arther aiss. iberol (12 juuna, 1918-8 disambar, 2002) ack americi bhautik vigyaani/hydrodynamicist aur engineer they, jinhone homokinetics, jatil, swa-vyavasthit pranaliyon key bhautiki kaa beedaa uthaaya. way maanav shareer parr gair-vistaar kii rekhaaon kii avadharana key pravartak they jinka upayog vyavharya antariksh soot banaane key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
jeevani.
arther aiss. iberol kaa janm newyork shahar mein huaa thaa. unaki maan, annaa kaatz, kauna, lithuania seey sanyukt raajya america mein pravaas curr gaeen. unake pitaa, benjamin iberal, varsau, polland seey pravaas curr aae they. unakaa ack bhaai thaa, manovaigyaanik rosalind rothman. unhone 1940 mein helen rubenstein (1913-2016) seey shaadi kii, aur unaki chaar betiyaan theen, alenora I. robbins, penny aaee. rubin, thaa iberol aur valeri aaee. oh 'connor.
iberal ney newyork key city college mein adhyayan kiya, jahan unhone 1940 mein bhautiki mein bss praapt kiya aur phir mechanical engineering kaa adhyayan jaari rakhaa. unhone george gamo aur edward teller key tahat george washington vishvavidyalaya mein ms parr kaam kiya.
1941 seey 1953 taka, iberol ney washington, dee. see. mein rashtriya maanak beuro mein kaam kiya. 1953 mein, unhone sarkari kaam chhod diyaa aur aaro (1954) aur raind vikas nigam (1954-1964) mein niji kshetra mein kaam kiya. 1964 mein, unhone saimuel jaid key saath samanya takniki sevaaen shuru keen. oopari darby, pensylvania mein carden. 1976 mein, unhein antahvishay vaigyaanik anusandhaan mein unaki uplabdhiyon key liye ohiyo raajya vishvavidyalaya seey vigyaan key maanad doctor seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
aff key nimantran parr. eugene yates, iberol ney yuu. see. ell. aeye. crump institute forr medical engineering mein pravesh kiya. 1981 seey 1985 taka, iberol ack crump visiting scholar they jahan unhone shodh aur padhaaya. 1991 mein, way sevaanivritt hue aur cry-dee-coer press key saath prakaashan shuru kiya.
2002 mein congestive haart failure seey iberol kii mrityu hoe gaee.
kaam karate hain.
villium jee key netritva mein. rashtriya maanak beuro mein brombacker, iberol ney upkaran siddhant, suraksha upkaran aur vatavaran key bhautiki jaisi maap samasyaon parr kaam kiya. usa samay, americi nausena aur americi vayu senaa aise vimaan banaa rahey they joe oopari vayumandal mein aage aur aage kii yatra curr sakate they. pilot adhik oonchaai parr prabhaavit hoe rahey they, jisase maanav shareer vigyaan key adhyayan key liye dhana praapt huaa taaki yeh samajha jaa sakey kii shareer uchch jee balon aur cumm oxygen key prati kaise pratikriya kartaa haye. unhone ack nae shwas upkaran key vikas parr bhee kaam kiya, jisase samudra key neeche scuba navachar hue.
raind vikas nigam mein, iberol ney engineering aur bhautiki samasyaon parr kaam kiya. rasaayanagya saimuel jaid key saath. carden, unhone cleveland numatic tool company jaise vyavsaayon key liye takniki samasyaon koo hull kiya. westinghouse, sherwin-williams, ilinois tool works, ohiyo brass company., aur audyogik fastners sansthaan. unhone takniki muddon parr bhee kaam kiya jaise kii sanyukt raajya america key swaasthya, shiksha aur kalyan vibhaag key liye sanyukt raajya america key jall kaa vishleshan, americi senaa key liye sainya anuprayogon key liye engineering aur uchch oonchaai anusandhaan aur sanyukt raajya america key liye poorna dabaav oonchaai soot.
samanya takniki sevaaon mein, iberol aur carden ney standhaariyon kii uchch dabaav aur nassa key liye dhamniyon mein pravaah, saarvajanik swaasthya seva key liye jall pradooshan key liye shaaririk pratikriyaon jaisi samasyaon koo hull kiya. hamaare liye senaa key aadeshon key anusaar, unhone ausilator, kapadon kii rachana, takniki purvanuman, yojana, pranali vigyaan anuprayog, cybernetics aur computer anuprayog, swaayatt pranali aur jatil pranaliyon key astitva parr shodh kiya. nausena anusandhaan karyalaya key liye, unhone jadatviya margadarshan pranaliyon, jall-gatiki samikaranon, drav gatiki parr kaam kiya. anya karyon mein paramanu oorjaa aayog key liye khuraak vikiran kaarak, sanyukt raajya parivahan vibhaag key liye pranali vigyaan anuprayog, rashtriya ayu vriddhi sansthaan key liye jatil pranali antahkriya aur americi vayu senaa key liye mobile dabaav soot shamil they.
yuu. see. ell. aeye. crump sansthaan mein, iberol jatil pranali samooh mein shamil hoe gayaa, jisane kaee vishvavidyalayon aur sanghiya agencies key professors koo vibhinn kshetron mein pranali vigyaan koo shamil karna seekhane key liye aakarshit kiya. unhone rasayanik engineering key chhatron key liye jeevit pranaliyon key ushmaagatiki parr pathyakram bhee padhaae, jise yuu. see. ell. aeye. key marshel bolchal dwara praayojit kiya gayaa thaa.
yogdan.
space soot aur gair-vistaar kii rekhaaen.
1947 mein, iberol ney americi vayu senaa aur vaimaaniki key liye rashtriya salaahkaar samiti key liye dabaav soot parr kaam karna shuru kiya. unhone maanaa kii antariksh yaatriyon koo vyaapak balon seey bachaaya jaanaa thaa. iberol ney iss samasya koo hull karane key liye pahale space soot mein seey ack vikasit kiya; unakaa pahala anuman soot koo roop banaae rakhane mein madad karane key liye nett (linknet) kaa upayog karna thaa. antim samadhan gair-vistaar (ekal), i kii rekhaaon key vishleshan seey aaya.ee. shareer key way anga joe jyada hilate naheen they isaliye soot koo vahaan vishesh upchaar kii aavashyakta naheen thee. antariksh yatri scott crossfield ney iss soot mein aiks-15 udaaya, jaisa kii jemini mission parr antariksh yaatriyon ney 1962-64 key beach kiya thaa. sanghiya sarkaar koo aavashyak thaa kii vyaavsaayik hita vaanijyik anuprayogon key liye aage key vikas aur utpaadan koo sambhaalen, isaliye david clark company ney antariksh soot design key liye anubandh jeetaa aur antatah doosari disha mein design liya. varshon baad, massachusets praudyogiki sansthaan mein dawa neuman ney apane chhatron koo antariksh soot kii agali peedhi key liye ack design key roop mein akele parr anusaran kiya.
ack antariksh soot key design key liye shareer vigyaan kii gahari samajh kii aavashyakta thee. jaba iberal iss samasya kaa adhyayan curr rhaa thaa, tou usaki sabse badee betty koo poliyo hoe gayaa aur vaha usake peedit pair key kaam koo bachaane key liye sabse naveen vichaaron kii khoj karane chalaa gayaa. unhone kabaat-casser sansthaan mein ack nae aim. dee. rene calliate koo paaya, joe iberal shareer vigyaan padhaate they. baad mein, yuu. see. ell. aeye. mein chikitsa key professor key roop mein, calliate musculauskeletal medicine parr vyaapak roop seey gyaat pathyapustakon kii shrinkhala key lekhak bunn gaye, aur unake kuchh shuruati vichaar antariksh soot design mein shamil hoe gaye.
iberol ney apane maargdarshak, neurophysiologist aur cybernetician warren aiss seey bhee shareer vigyaan seekha. maculoc. jaise-jaise unhone standhari shaaririk prakriyaon kii gatishilata kaa vishleshan karane vaale nassa exobiology karyakram key liye jaivbhautikiya anusandhaan parr kaam kiya, praarambhik vichaar joe homokinetics banane lagey. 1967 mein, unhone dainik gatividhiyon kaa ack poorna pranali vishleshan kiya joe maanav vyavhaar kaa gathan karati hain.
homokinetics-jatil pranaliyon kaa bhautiki.
homokinetics jatil pranaliyon kaa adhyayan haye-brahmand, akashgangaon, samajik pranaliyon, logon yaa yahaan taka kii una pranaliyon kaa bhee joe gasses key roop mein saral lagati hain. poore brahmand koo ack samoohbaddh padanukram mein star darr star parr pranaliyon kaa nirmaan karane vaale paraspar samooh mein bandhi paramanu jaisi ikaaiyon key roop mein model kiya gayaa haye. homokinetics sabhi jatil pranaliyon koo ack samaan aadhar parr vyavhaar kartaa haye, sajeev aur nirjeev donon, unhein ack samanya drishtikon pradaan kartaa haye. sabhi jatil pranaliyon key liye samanya bhaashaon key udbhav seey unake kaam karane key tareeke kaa adhyayan karane mein jatilata cumm hoe jaati haye.
jatil pranaliyon kaa jeevan, janm aur mrityu padaanukramit prakriyaon mein bandhe hotey hain jinamen side-side aur inn-out donon ghatak hotey hain. saral samkakshon key saath samaan roop seey, jatil pranaaliyan aaraam key charanon, chikane yaa rengane vaale pravaah, ashanti aur arajak charanon koo pradarshit karati hain; way toofani aur shaanti key saath-saath apane rook-rook curr aur parivartansheelta mein bhee badalati hain.
uchch oonchaai vaale sthaan mein manushyon kii samasya parr kaam karate hue, sthir sthiti aur gatishil roop seey badalate dabaav, tapman, ghanatva aur pravaah key pramukh charon koo shamil karane vaale upkaran vikasit karane key liye gatij siddhant kaa upayog karke adhik seey adhik antahvishay anusandhaan mein iberol koo leey jaaya gayaa. vimaan udyog, mausam vigyaan aur uchch oonchaai vaali senaa kii lagu samasyaon parr kaam karane seey unake uchch gati key tathaakathit gati-dhwani darr key adhyayan key kaaran ack seey adhik charan pravaah (jaise.jee.gasses aur taral padarthon), dou yaa dou seey adhik dhaara pravaah siddhant, metastability, thhos avastha dhaatu sthir avastha bhaar aur gatishil (yaa badalati) avasthaon donon key liye anusandhaan karate hain. yeh aparivartaniya roop seey laminar pravaah seey alag ashanti kii samasya kaa kaaran banaa. isake kaaran poorna nausena-stocks sameekaran sett bhee banaa, ack araikhik uchch crum kaa ganitiya bhautik nirmaan joe abhee bhee samadhan mein vaanchhit honey key liye bahut kuchh chhodata haye. homokinetic drishtikon seey, yeye nausena-stocks sameekaran nichale star key paramanu jaise ghatakon koo samagri-urjaavaan padaarth mein oopari star kii saamoohik prakriyaon key saath jodate hain.
inn antahvishay anveshanon key madhyam seey hii jatilata kii paribhasha aur isaki jatilata maap ubharane luggy. iberol aur hairi soodak ney mahsoos kiya kii way ack aise kshetra kaa nireekshan curr rahey they jise bhautiki ney upekshit kiya haye, jatil pranaliyon key saath unake bahut lambe aantarik karkhane key dinn kii deree. yeye pranaaliyan nested padanukram aur samay paimaane kii prakriyaon kii ack vyaapak shrinkhala seey judee hui hain. yeh aise sambandh they, jinhen oopar-neeche yaa ander-baahar donon prakaar key sambandh (nested padanukram key roop mein) aur paramanu jaise ghatakon (vishamkram key roop mein) key beach side-side yaa flatland bhautiki key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa, joe homokinetic samasyaon kii pehchaan bunn gaye. 1975 taka, unhone prakriti, jeevan, maanav jaati, munn aur samaaj kii samasyaon kaa varnan karna shuru curr diyaa.
jeevan, paaristhitik manovigyaan, munn, maanav vigyaan, bhoovigyaan, kaanoon, motor niyantran, jaiv oorjaa, upchaar key taur-tarikon aur rajneeti vigyaan koo samajhane key liye jatil pranaliyon key liye ack homokinetic drishtikon lagu kiya gayaa haye.
ise samajik bhautiki parr bhee lagu kiya gayaa haye jahaan ack homokinetics vishleshan seey pataa chalata haye kii kissy koo oorjaa key pravaah, samagri key, kriya key, prajanan darr aur vinimay mein moolya jaise pravaah charr key liye jimmedaar honah chaahiye. jeevan aur munn parr eberol key anumaanon kaa upayog mansik gatividhi aur kaary key siddhanton koo vikasit karane key liye ack springboard key roop mein kiya gayaa haye.
prakaashan.
iberol ney 8 pustaken, 95 sahakarmi-sameeksha lekh aur 49 vaigyaanik sammelan vistaarit saar likhe. unhone pustikaon kii ack shrinkhala bhee likheeh "see. pee. 2" (tippaniyan, bhautik aur daarshanik) joe cry-dee-coyer press dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen vikas key saath samasyaon, samajik bhautiki parr primer, aur system aur dimag kaise kaam karate hain, jaise vibhinn vishayon parr charcha kii gaee thee. unake prakaashit shodh patron kii poori soochi online haye.

