
polish vartani kaa itihas

purani polish (1500 seey pahale).
12veen shatabdi mein lattin varnamala kaa upayog karke dhruvon ney likhana shuru kiya. haalaanki, yeh varnamala, polish dhwani vigyaan seey nipatane key liye susajjit naheen thee, vishesh roop seey pailtal vyanjan (abb "shh", "z", "χ", "dz" key roop mein likhe gaye), retroflex samooh (abb "sz", "z", aur "cz") key saath-saath anunaasik swar (abb "ā", "è" key roop mein likhe gaye). natijatan, madhya yug mein polish vartani atyadhik asangat thee kyonki lekhakon koo lattin varnamala koo polish bhasha kii jarooraton key anuroop banaane key liye sangharsh karna padaa. koee ekikrit pranali naheen thee; aadhunik polish vartani koo dridhata seey sthaapit karane seey pahale vibhinn lekhak vibhinn pranaliyon key saath aae they. 
praarambhik dastavejon mein "see" akshar "see", "seez" yaa "key" koo ingit curr sakata thaa jabaki "jaid" akshar kaa upayog "aiss", "jaid", "jaid", aur "jaid" key liye kiya gayaa thaa. lekhakon ney jald hii degraph (aksharon key sanyojan), nae aksharon ("" "aur" ""), aur antatah diacritic key saath prayog karna shuru curr diyaa.  
1440 sudhaar.
1440 mein jacob parcoszovic (jacobus parcosi) ney "tract oh aurtography polskies" (polish orthography parr granth) naamak ack orthographic sudhaar pesh karane kaa pahala prayaas kiya thaa joe antatah whiffle rhaa aur 1830 taka phir seey naheen khoja gayaa thaa.
isamen unhone swar kii lambai kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye dohare swaron key upayog kaa sujhaav diyaa haye, joe puraane aur madhya polish kii ack visheshta haye. vaha anunaasik swaron key liye aur dhwani/ι/key liye, saath hii saath kaee degraph aur trigraph key upayog kaa bhee sujhaav dete hain.
madhya polish (1500-1750).
kaee vyaakaranvidon ney madhya polish avadhi mein vibhinn safaltaon key saath vartani manakon koo pesh karane kaa prayaas kiya.
stanislav zaborowski kii 1514-1515 kii vartani.
1514 key aspas, stanislav zabowski ney "orthographia seyu modus rect scribbendy aitt legend polonicum idioma kwam utilismus" (vartani, joe polish bhasha mein sahee lekhan aur padhane kaa sabse upayogi tarika haye) likhaa. isamen, vaha degraph aur diacritic koo shamil karke lattin dwara upayog kii jaane vaali lekhan pranali dwara chhodi gaee antaral koo bharane kaa prayaas kartaa haye.
vaha dhwani/jey/key liye "jee" key upayog key liye tiraskar vyakt kartaa haye, vishesh roop seey deshi shabdon mein.
unake nirnayon koo parkosavic key sudhaar key prayaas key saath-saath check dwara bhee soochit kiya gayaa thaa.
unhone nimnalikhit patron kaa prastaav rakhaah
a, á, á, b, b, b, c, c, Â, d, Â, d, Â, Â, e, ē, f, g, g′, h, i, Â, k′, l, m, m′, n′, o, p, p′, r, Â, s, s′, t, u, v′, v′, w′, x, Â, y, z′, z′, Â.
vartani kaa upayog kaee karyon mein naheen kiya gayaa thaa, halanki isane 1513 key aspas mudrit "raaj dusni" aur 1518/1519 key aspas "poxatech schweatte ivanielle podlag schwietego jaanaa" jaise karyon koo prabhaavit kiya.
1549 kaa seclusion kaa vyaakaran.
1549 mein zaan seclusion (joanis seclavianus) ney likhaa "crotca aeye prosta nauka cizitania aaee pisinia jezika polskigo" (polish bhasha mein padhane aur likhane kaa ack chhota aur saral adhyayan), jisamen vaha polish padhane kii kathinaaee parr vilaap kartaa haye. 
iss pustak mein, unhone 11 swar aksharon, "aeye", "aeye", "aeye", "ee", "aeye", "aaee", "oh", "yuu", "yuu", "doubleu", "vaaee" kii shuruat kii. iss samay, dhvanyaatmak shabd/i/aur/ι/abhee bhee aksar alag naheen kiye gaye they, aur kaam mein hii "gdi" (aadhunik gdy) jaise udaaharan mill sakate hain.
1551 kaa murzinowski kaa sudhaar.
seclusion key vyaakaran key jawab mein, stanislav murzinowski ney aurtographiza polska likhaa. "1551 mein, murzinowski ney 51 graphim pesh kiye, jisamen polish bhasha koo padhana aur likhana seekhana, joe kii poul kii aavashyakta key anusaar, paryaapt lekin kuchh shabdon mein likhaa gayaa haye.
sabse vishesh roop seey, lambe swaron koo ack teevra uchchaaran key saath pratishthit kiya gayaa thaa, tathaakathit tirchha (pochailon) swar (á, é, ó), palatalised vyanjanon koo ack diacritic ("b", "p", "aur" v "," aadhunik "" b "," "π", aur "" vi "kaa upayog karke alag kiya gayaa thaa, charitra χ koo/t̃h/(aadhunik" χ ") kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye bhee pesh kiya gayaa thaa, joe kuchh vivaad kaa kaaran banaa, kyonki akshar pahale seey hii jyaadaatar degraph" χz "(aadhunik" cz ") mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa. dhwani/<unk>/key liye ack vishesh patra "′" kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa, aur isake saath/d̃/(aadhunik dz aur dz) key liye "d′" kaa chitra bhee diyaa gayaa thaa. dhwani key liye "s"/χ/. / ̃/key liye ligture "β" aur degraph "ss" aur "ss" (aadhunik [sz]) kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa.
murzinowski ney yeh bhee sujhaav diyaa kii "x" akshar kaa upayog dhwani/ks/aur/kx/koo rinn shabdon mein prastut karane key liye kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
isase pahale, dhwaniyaan/i/aur/j/aksar kewal graphim "i" kaa upayog karke likhi jaati theen, jaisa kii lattin mein hotaa thaa, haalaanki unhein kabhi-kabhi alag kiya jaataa thaa, arthaat nae vasiyatname key polish anuvaad mein "i" aur "y" aksharon kaa upayog karke. murzinowski ney sabse pahale dou dhwaniyon koo vyavasthit roop seey alag karane kaa sujhaav diyaa aur "jey" akshar aur/jey/drop kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye "jee" kaa upayog kiya. unhone dhwani/ιj/key liye "yj" key upayog kaa bhee sujhaav diyaa, jaisa kii aadhunik polish mein hotaa haye, jaisa kii yeh pahale alikhit thaa.
onufree kopzinsky.
onufree kopzinsky ney toverzistavo doo xiag elementarnich key commission parr apane vyaakaran likhe, joe toverzistavo doo xiag elementarnich kaa ack vibhaag haye. unhone "vyaakaran kaa shabd" narodovic naa class 1 "aur" vyaakaran kaa shabd "2 mein kaee adhyaay bitaaye kii sahee viram chihn kyaa honah chaahiye, jisaki charcha aamtaur parr pichhali vartani pustakon mein naheen kii gaee thee.
aadhunik polish (1750-vartamaan).
pichhali shataabdiyon mein pesh kiye gaye kaee maanak antatah upayog seey baahar hoe gaye, jisase 19veen shatabdi key sudhaar hue.
19veen shatabdi.
1816 mein aloji felinsky ney "prizzini uzivanez prises mini pisauni" koo "pisma vlasney aaee prizekaladaniya wierszem aloizego felinskigo" mein prakaashit kiya. isamen unhone nimnalikhit parivartanon kaa sujhaav diyaah
phir 1830 mein varsau society off friends off learning ney "roseproi aaee vniyosky oh ortography polskies" prakaashit kiya, lekin yeh vyaapak darshakon taka naheen pahuncha.
1890 mein, shiksha samiti kii sthaapana kii gaee aur isamen bhashavid aur anya shikshaavid shamil they. ack saal baad, unhone apane prastaav prakaashit kiye, jisake liye zaan boudouin dee courtney, alexander brookner, antoine kalina ney virodh kiya. donon samoohon ney 1906 mein zaan boudouin dee courtney key netritva mein charcha key madhyam seey ack samjhaute parr pahunchane kaa prayaas kiya. nimnalikhit parivartanon kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaah
raajya kii anantim parishad ney 1916 mein anurodh kiya kii nimnalikhit parivartanon koo lagu kiya jaae, lekin vaigyaanik samaaj ney virodh kii aavaaj uthaai, aur phir bhee 1917 mein aayojit adhik samitiyon mein adhik samjhauta paaya jaanaa thaa. anta mein, 1918 mein, nimnalikhit parivartanon koo sweekaar kiya gayaa aur apanaaya gayaa.
haalaanki, inn sabke bavjood, prastaavit vartani parivartanon koo vyaapak roop seey sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa, jisake kaaran antim sudhaar huaa, joe 1936 mein huaa.
1936 kaa sudhaar.
1935 mein, polish kalaa aur vigyaan akadami ney antim pramukh vartani sudhaar kii shuruat kii. nimnalikhit parivartan prastaavit aur lagu kiye gaye theh
lekh mein poonjeekaran aur viram chihnon kii bhee charcha kii gaee haye. parivartanon koo asweekriti millie. haalaanki, sarkari viniyaman aur schools mein karyanvayan key madhyam seey, parivartan antatah maanak bunn gaye. taba seey, videshi shabdon kii vartani key sambandh mein kewal mamuli parivartan lagu kiye gaye hain.

