
niconos

niconos 35 mimi praarup camers kii ack shrinkhala kaa brand naam haye jise vishesh roop seey 1963 mein nicon dwara shuru kiye gaye paani key neeche photography key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. shuruati niconos cameray calypso cameray key sudhaar they, joe jacks-yaves coosto aur belgium key engineer jeane dee wouter dwara ack mool design thaa. iska utpaadan france mein laa spirotechnic (vartamaan mein ekwa lung) dwara kiya gayaa thaa jaba taka kii nicon dwara niconos banane key liye design kaa adhigrahan naheen kiya gayaa thaa. niconos pranali shaukiya aur peshevar donon paani key neeche photographers key beach behad lokpriya thee. isaki saghan rachana, upayog mein aasaani aur utkrisht prakaash gunavatta ney kaee dashakon key paani key neeche kii chhavi key liye maanak nirdhaarit kiya. nicon ney 2001 mein nae niconos camers kaa vikas aur nirmaan bund curr diyaa, lekin camera lokpriya banaa huaa haye, aur ack badaa aur sakriya dwiteeyak bajar haye.
itihas.
nippon kogaku ney apane paani key neeche key cameray key itihas kaa pataa 1956 mein lagaaya, jaba company ney nicon aiss2 rangefinder cameray key liye paani key neeche awas vikasit kiya, jise maee mein nicon marine key roop mein vipanan kiya gayaa thaa. lagbhag usee samay, jeane dee wouter laa spirotechnic key liye calypso key pahale prototype kaa nirmaan curr rahey they, joe 1961 mein serial production mein chalaa gayaa. haalaanki, laa spirotechnic koo camera design aur nirmaan key saath anubhav naheen thaa, isaliye unhone juuna 1961 mein utpaadan aur bikri adhikaaron koo licenses dene key liye nippon kogaku seey sampark kiya; donon companiyon ney farwari 1962 mein france aur europeeya aarthik samudaay key baahar nicon koo duniya bhar mein bikri aur vitaran adhikaar dene key liye ack anubandh parr hastakshar kiye.
nippon kogaku ney 1963 mein calypso key patent kaa adhigrahan kiya aur mool soam berthiot aur anginioux lens key bajaay nikor optics seey lais niconos (baad mein niconos aaee naamit) kaa nirmaan shuru kiya.
yuddh kaa ghodaa".
apane jalrodhak awas, lens vikalpon aur kathorta key kaaran, niconos vaashpit jangalon, baadh vaale chawal key kheton aur viyatnam yuddh key barish seey dhake yuddh key maidanon mein kaam karane vaale photographers key liye ack mahatvapurna upkaran thaa. taar sevaaon ney apane niconos camers koo trie-aiks, actachrome-aiks yaa hyee-speed actachrome seey load kiya.
bund curr diyaa.
nicon ney 2001 taka niconos banaam boddy kaa nirmaan jaari rakhaa, jaba usane aupchaarik roop seey ghoshana kii kii vaha shrinkhala koo samaapt curr rhaa haye. varshon mein kissy bhee nae model key binaa aur digital imaging key bajar parr kabja karane key saath, nicon koo shrinkhala jaari rakhane kaa koee kaaran naheen dikhaai diyaa.
haalaanki, francisi patrika "phocus-numeric" mein shree. nicon japan mein prayogshala anusandhaan aur vikas key nideshak tetsuro goto ney niconos key bhavishya parr kahaah "vyaktigat roop seey mujhe lagata haye kii niconos kaa bhavishya mein punarjanm hoga."
design aur sanchaalan.
number vaale niconos camers koo aksar rangefinder camera kahaa jaataa haye, lekin vaastav mein way scale phocus cameray hain kyonki koee rangefinder naheen haye. viewfinder kaa upayog vishuddh roop seey shott kii rachana karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, aur aantarik metering (niconos IV-a aur v) vaale shareer parr exposure jaankaari pradarshit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
phocus doori lens bairal key baain or ack badey dial key saath nirdhaarit kii jaati haye (jaisa kii operator key drishtikon seey dekhaa jaataa haye), aur aperture koo daaeen or ack dial key saath sett kiya jaataa haye. apavartan paani key neeche anumaanit doori koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, jisase vastuein vaastav mein 25 pratishat karib dikhaai detee hain; udaaharan key liye, ack vastu joe paani key neeche teen feat door prateet hoti haye (aakar key aadhar parr) vaastav mein chaar feat door haye. nicon ney maanaa kii upayogkarta ney paani key neeche dikhane kii bharpai naheen kii haye, isaliye lens parr doori key marker koo spasht (vaastavik naheen) doori key liye chihnit kiya gayaa haye. shukra haye kii niconos wide-angle lens mein kshetra kii paryaapt gaharaai hoti haye, isaliye yeye visangatiyaan aksar ack dhyaan dene yogya samasya naheen hoti hain. adhikansh niconos nikkor lens parr kshetra sanketkon kii gaharaai yaantrik roop seey chhidra key saath samaayojit hoti haye.
sabhi niconos model oobad-khabad nirmaan, saral niyantran aur jalrodhak they. cameray koo sabhi mahatvapurna jodon parr oh-ring kii ack saral pranali dwara jalrodhak banaaya gayaa haye. pratyek nae model ney prakaash metering, flashes circuitry aur behtar shutter aur film advance design jaise vibhinn sudhaar laae.
pahali peedhi key calypso vyutpann.
praarambhik niconos shrinkhala mein teen model shamil they joe 1961 key coostue key calypso key behtar sanskaran theh
niconos koo 1963 mein photokina mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa; shuruat mein, pratyek cameray kaa vyaktigat roop seey paani-kathorta key liye pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa. europe mein, licenses samjhaute kii sharton key tahat, niconos koo calypso/nikkor key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. julaai 1966 mein, nicon ney niconos koo ack sabhi mausam vaale cameray key roop mein vipanan karna shuru kiya aur safed rung key finish vaale seemit sankhya mein cameray beche, jisamen safed chamade key shareer key panels key saath niconos cameray shamil they. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii safed-taiyar nicono key 150 seey bhee cumm udaaharan banaae gaye they.
kull milakar, 1963 aur 1983 key beach lagbhag 200,000 niconos aaee, aaee aur ii camers kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. teen calypso-adharit niconos model ack hii buniyaadi sanrachana saajha karate hain jahaan poore cameray mein teen module hotey hainh lens, awas aur shutter/film parivahan asembaliyaan. film koo shutter/film assembly mein load kiya jaataa haye, jise awas mein daala jaataa haye, aur lens key mount honey seey teenon tukade ack saath bund hoe jaate hain. pattika lugg kaa upayog shutter/film assembly koo awas seey baahar nikaalane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
niconos II saundarya prasaadhan aur ayami roop seey mool niconos key samaan thaa, lekin shutter speed dial mein ack atirikt rewind setting hoti haye, aur rewind ghundi sanchaalan koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye ack leaver seey lais hoti haye. aantarik roop seey, niconos II key sabhi hisson koo jung seey bachane key liye lepit kiya gayaa thaa; risaav key mamle mein, aantarik hisson koo taaje paani seey dhoya jaa sakata haye aur sukhaaya jaa sakata haye, jisase kuchh loga niconos II koo avinashi kahate hain. film parivahan tantra koo niconos III key liye sakaratmak framing key liye sprocket chhed kaa upayog karane key liye phir seey design kiya gayaa thaa; mool calypso design mein sprocket chhed kii ginati naheen kii gaee thee jisake parinamswarup kabhi-kabhi ativyaapi frame hotey hain. isake parinamswarup ack ullekhaniya roop seey badaa shareer banaa. isake alawa, flashes sink port koo electronic flashes ikaaiyon kaa samarthan karane key liye ack atirikt pinn praapt huaa.
doosari peedhi key meater cameray.
ack doosari viewfinder line nicon kaa poorna punah design thaa aur isamen swachaalit exposure key saath ack thru-dha-lens (tii. tii. ell.) prakaash meater shamil thaah
poorv niconos line key vipareet, niconos IV-a ney film loading key liye ack tikaa huaa peeth kaa upayog karke ack-tukade vaali boddy pesh kii; sealing kaee oh-ring key madhyam seey kii gaee thee, jisamen peechhe key liye ack badaa gasket bhee shamil thaa. aaee. vee.-aeye. key liye film parivahan tantra koo samkaaleen nicon aim seey anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa. aim kii tarah, niconos IV-a mukhya roop seey aperture-prathamikta autoexposure mode mein aur key beach stapless quartz-niyantrit shutter gati kaa upayog karke sanchaalit hotaa haye, lekin camera ney battery kii viphalata key mamle mein dou yaantrik shutter gati ([bee] alb aur, aim90 key roop mein chihnit) kii bhee peshkash kii. isake alawa, shutter speed dial koo "aar" eavind parr sett kiya jaa sakata haye. viewfinder ack ell. ee. dee. sanketak seey lais haye, joe shutter kii gati sanchaalan seema (-) mein honey parr lagaatar chamakata haye, aur seema koo paar karane parr palak jhapakaata haye.
niconos vee ney iv-aeye kii naee visheshtaon koo barkarar rakhaa aur alag shutter gati nirdhaarit karane key liye manual niyantran jodaa. vee koo iv-aeye kii vishisht aalochanaon koo sambodhit karane key liye jaari kiya gayaa thaa, arthaat kii sapaat gasket design whiffle honey kii sambhavana thee, aur naee flashes sink shutter gati bahut tej thee, vishesh roop seey kyonki dheemi gati koo bharane-flashes kaa upayog karane key liye manual roop seey sett naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa. niconos vee aiss. bee.-102 speedlight key saath off-dha-film-plain flashes metering mein saksham thaa, jise aprail 1984 mein laas vegas mein photo marketing association show mein cameray key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa.
teesari peedhi kaa autophocus aiss. ell. aar.
1992 niconos aar. aiss. ney ack poori tarah seey naee avadharana pesh kii. apane poorvavartiyon key vipareet, rs ack poorna ubhayachar ekal lens reflex camera thaa, jisamen auto-phocus, jalrodhak aur advitiya lenson kaa apana sett thaa jisamen jall-sampark prakashiki kaa bhee upayog kiya gayaa thaa. way hain, ack 50 mimi 2.8 macro, 28 mimi chauda, 13 mimi fishai, aur duniya kaa pahala paani key neeche zoom lens, ack 20-35 mimi. boddy mein kaafee swachaalan haye, film key agrim aur rewinding key liye ack antarnihit motor drive key saath, kaee mode key saath ack autophocus system, dx film gati kaa pataa lagaane aur ack aperture-prathamikta autoexposure mode haye. yeh ack uchch-netra bindu "action" finder seey lais haye, jisamen ack aankh kii raahat haye, jisase upayogkarta koo paani key neeche ack vishisht mask pahanane kii anumati milati haye.
pichhale niconos model aperture aur phocus key liye lens-mounted nobbs kaa upayog karate they; inn niyantranon koo kramshah niconos rs key sheersh deck aur saamane kii pakad mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
rs ney paani key neeche imaging key liye nicon kii pratibaddhata key shikhar kaa pratinidhitva kiya, aur usa samay mahatvapurna ruchi paida kii. halanki kaee mayanon mein abhootpoorv, yeh bahut mahanga bhee thaa, jisase yeh sabhi kii pahunch seey baahar hoe gayaa lekin sabse samarpit (yaa sabse achchha vitt poshit) paani key neeche photographer. bryan long key anusaar, rs 80 key dashak key anta mein japan kii bulbula arthavyavastha kaa vikas thaa, jisamen kaee laagat-binaa-vastu upabhokta utpaadon aur automobile kaa utpaadan dekhaa gayaa.
durbhagya seey, praarambhik sanskaranon mein bhee baadh kii pravritti thee yadi poori tarah seey banaae naheen rakhaa gayaa. baadh key kaee kaaran they, jinamen seey ack narangi rung key silicon oh-ring mein parivartan thaa joe petroleum-adharit niconos grees key bajaay teesare paksh key silicon grees koo lagu karane parr sooj sakata haye aur whiffle hoe sakata haye. gair-nicon (teesare paksh) silicon grees kaa upayog aamtaur parr kaee dashakon taka paani key neeche photographers dwara kaale niconos oh-ring parr binaa kissy samasya key kiya jaataa thaa. nicon ney pahale inn sabhi baadhon koo badal diyaa, lekin anta mein, yeh spasht roop seey pareshani key laayak naheen hoe gayaa. lagbhag 5 saal baad rs koo chupchaap bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur baad key kissy bhee model koo kabhi bhee design yaa nirmit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
digital niconos.
koee digital nicono kabhi naheen banaaya gayaa haye, lekin kodak key vaanijyik aur sarkari pranali prabhaag ney sanyukt raajya america kii nausena key liye niconos rs camers kii ack chhoti sankhya koo sanshodhit kiya taaki "nicon/kodak dee. see. aiss. 425" key roop mein jaani jaane vaali ack digital ikai banaai jaa sakey. digital imaging bhaag koo ack vistaarit pichhale darwaaje mein rakhaa gayaa thaa aur yeh kaafee hudd taka nicon aff90 parr adharit samkaaleen kodak dc 420 camers key liye upalabdh vikalpon key samaan thaa.
nicon ney niconos kii viraasat kaa jashn manaaya jaba nicon 1 aeye. doubleu. 1 koo jaari kiya gayaa, ack jalrodhak vinimeya-lens digital camera. sameekshakon ney aeye. doubleu. 1 kii visheshtaon kii tulanaa niconos line seey kii.
camera boddy architecture aur waterproofing.
niconos I seey III key shareer koo nichale kinare key chaaron or ack bairal seal oh-ring dwara seal kiya gayaa thaa, joe saral aur kaafee vishvasaniya thaa. IV aur V bodys ney peeth koo tikaa diyaa thaa, jisamen iva parr ack faces sealing gasket aur vee key kinare key chaaron or ack oh-ring thee, joe ack bairal seal banaa kyonki yeh camera boddy key saamane vaale hisse mein fisal gayaa thaa.
lens.
niconos mount.
kewal ell. doubleu.-nikkar 28 mimi key oopar key paani key apavaad key saath, sabhi niconos nikkar lens dastaane vaale haathon seey phocus aur aperture sanchaalan koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye dou nob kaa upayog karate hain. baad key varshon mein, inn ghundi koo alag-alag rangon mein rangaa gayaa thaa taaki photographer apane karyon key beach adhik spasht roop seey antar curr sakey; inn lenson key liye, chaandi yaa crome ghundi phocus doori nirdhaarit karati haye, aur kaali ghundi chhidra koo niyantrit karati haye. ell. doubleu.-nikkar paaramparik kendrit phocus aur aperture ring kaa upayog kartaa haye.
dou sabse aam niconos lens hain youdblue 28 mimi (kewal paani key neeche upayog key liye) aur doubleu 35 mimi (joe ubhayachar haye) youdblue 28 mimi koo behtar lens maanaa jaa rhaa haye. kyonki paani aur havaa mein apavartan key kaafee alag soochkaank hain, 35 mimi lens koo bhoomi parr thodaa chauda maanaa jaataa haye, lekin yeh paani key neeche ack maanak ~ 50 mimi lens key barabar haye. paani key neeche dekhane key samatulya konn koo nirdhaarit karane key liye nammatra kii kendra kii lambai koo 1.33 × seey gunaa kiya jaa sakata haye. yeye niconos key saath pesh kiye jaane vaale pahale dou lens bhee they; doubleu-nikkor 35 mimi kaa design 1952 mein pahali baar beche gaye aim39 mount key liye nikkor 35 mimi 2.5 lens parr adharit haye; yeh assembly koo paani-tite banaane key liye ack optical flat key peechhe ack samamit double-goss lens haye. yeh calypso mein lagey mool lens, soam berthiot 35 mimi 3.5 kii tulanaa mein lens kii gati mein sudhaar kartaa haye, jisamen tesser-prakaar kaa nirmaan thaa.
niconos lens koo "yuu-nikkar" naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen vishesh roop seey kewal paani key neeche kii photography key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. aisaa kahaa jaataa haye kii aaj bhee paani key neeche koee bhee lens paani key neeche kii teekshnata aur rung santripti key liye niconos "youdblue" lens seey mell naheen khaata haye. kewal paani key neeche key lens aur maanak/ubhayachar lens key beach key antar key baare mein nicon seey ack sankshipt spashteekaran nicon aadhikarik site parr "2. prastuti visheshtaon aur lens pradarshan" khand key tahat paaya jaa sakata haye.
nicon ney paani key oopar aur neeche donon jagah upayog key liye dou lens bhee banaae, aur unamen seey ack, 35 mimi 2.5, koo "kitt" lens key roop mein socha jaa sakata haye. unhone nicono koo kayaking, canoeing yaa kharaab mausam kii sthitiyon jaisi jaleey gatividhiyon key liye upayogi banaaya. yeye dou lens, doubleu-35 mimi aur doubleu-80 mimi, bhee poori tarah seey jalrodhak they, lekin kyonki way ack sapaat bandargah kaa upayog karate they, isaliye unhein vishesh jall-sampark prakashiki kaa laabh naheen milaa.
niconos aar. aiss. mount.
niconos rs mount bhautik roop seey puraane nicon aff mount key samaan haye, lekin sealing key liye ack atirikt baahari beyonet jodaa gayaa thaa, aur panjon koo aadaraniya sthir camera mount kii tulanaa mein thodaa offset kiya gayaa haye. electronic sanket bhee niyamit aeye. aff. nicon nikaayon seey alag haye.
ack punah sthaapit aar-uf aff fishai-nikkar 13 mimi kii teekshnata kaa pareekshan kiya gayaa aur ack gumbad bandargah kaa upayog karke ack samkaksh aff fishai-nikkar 16 mimi seey behtar paaya gayaa.
thurd party lens.
lens mool niconos mount (udaaharan key liye, samudra aur samudra dwara) key liye banaae gaye they, jisamen prime lens key saath-saath fokal lambai convertor donon shamil they joe niconos lens key saamane seey judey hotey they.
sahayak upkaran.
bund karein.
kyonki sankhya vaale niconos camers mein lens key madhyam seey dekhane kii suvidha naheen thee, macro photography key liye kshetra kii behad uthali gaharaai koo vyaavhaarik roop seey ack dhyaan kendrit karane kii sahaayata kii aavashyakta thee. vistaar nully aur "close upp kitt" pranaliyon mein ack "framer" kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, joe lens assembly seey judaa hotaa thaa aur camera-seey-vishay doori key saath-saath isaki anumaanit chaudaai/oonchaai key liye ack seedha bhautik soochkaank pradaan kartaa thaa. nicon "close upp kitt" ney ack poorna aaytaakaar frame pradaan kiya, lekin adhikansh tritiya-paksh vistaar tube kitt aamtaur parr kewal neeche aur dou pakshon koo anukramit karate hain, naa kii oopar, aur iss aakar key kaaran, niconos framers key liye ack apshabd shabd "goal post" thaa.
vibhinn karanon seey (jaise kii chattan koo sambhaavit nuksan kii chinta), kuchh vaikalpik utpaadon koo samay key saath buniyaadi framer design koo cumm karane yaa badalane key liye vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. ack udaaharan (fred diane; underwater photo tech) mein ack koshthak shamil thaa jisamen dou chhoti flashlights theen jinaki kiranen phocus plain parr sanrekhit theen.
niconos prakaash meater.
niconos light meater accessory mein selenium-saled seconic ell-86 auto-lumi haye. niconos i, ii aur iii key liye paani key neeche ack prakaash meater aavashyak haye, jinake shareer mein metering naheen haye.
flashes.
kyonki gaharaai badhane parr prakaash ekavarni hoe jaataa haye, paani key neeche photography key liye ack portable prakaash srot kii aavashyakta hoti haye. pahale calypso-adharit niconos cameray (i aur ii) flashbulb ikaaiyon key liye dou-pinn sink port seey lais they. niconos III ney electronic flashes ikaaiyon kaa samarthan karane key liye ack teesara pinn jodaa; halanki ack prototype pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa (aiss. bee.-11), pahali electronic niconos flashes ikai, aiss. bee.-101, koo niconos IV-aeye key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa; IV-aeye aur III donon ney aiss. bee.-101 kaa samarthan kiya, lekin IV-aeye ney flashbulb ikaaiyon key liye samarthan chhod diyaa. aiss. bee.-102 aur-103 koo niconos vee key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa, aiss. bee.-103 key saath aiss. bee.-102 kaa ack adhik sankshipt sanskaran thaa, joe badale mein aiss. bee.-101 kaa ack adyatan sanskaran thaa. aiss. bee.-104 aur-105 koo niconos aar. aiss. key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa; inn chaaron ikaaiyon (aiss. bee.-102 seey-105) ney tii. tii. ell. flashes operation kaa samarthan kiya.
aiss. bee.-103 koo sitambar 1998 mein vaapas bulaa liya gayaa thaa; hydrogen gais sambhaavit roop seey flashes tube dwara banaai jaa sakati thee aur prajwalit kii jaa sakati thee, joe ikai seey saamane key lens aur flashes tube assembly koo baahar nikaal dega. vaapas lauti gaee ikaaiyon key maalikon koo pratisthaapan key roop mein aiss. bee.-105 kii peshkash kii gaee thee. kyonki aiss. bee.-103 awas koo dabaav-pratirodhi honey key liye design kiya gayaa thaa, isaliye nicon vaapas bulaaye gaye ikaaiyon koo kuchalane mein asamarth thaa aur isake bajaay flashes key kinare parr "103" nishan key madhyam seey ack chhed drill kiya. vaapas lauti gaee kuchh ikaaiyon koo baad mein dwiteeyak bajar mein phir seey becha gayaa. octuber 2017 taka vaapas bulana abhee bhee sakriya thaa; kyonki aiss. bee.-105 kaa abb nirmaan naheen kiya jaa rhaa haye, aiss. bee.-103 maalikon koo isake bajaay ack voucher praapt hoga.

