
afghanistan mein jaatiya samooh

afghanistan ack bahujaatiya aur jyaadaatar adiwasi samaaj haye. desh kii aabaadi mein kaee jaatiya bhashai samooh shamil hainh mukhya roop seey pashtoon (aabaadi kaa ~50%), tajik (~25%), hazara (~10%) aur uzbekistan key loga (~10%), aur alpsankhyak aayamak, turkmen, baloch, pashai, nuristani, kurds, gurjar, arab, brahui, kilbash, pamiri, kyrgyz, sadat aur anya (~ 5%). way poori tarah seey afghan logon koo banaate hain.
poorv afghan rashtragaan aur afghan samvidhaan (2021 seey pahale) mein seey pratyek mein chaudah kaa ullekh haye, halanki soochiyaan bilkul samaan naheen hain. 
rashtriya pehchaan.
afghan" shabd nasleeya naam "pashtoon" kaa paryaay haye, lekin aadhunik samay mein yeh shabd afghanistan mein rahane vaale logon kii rashtriya pehchaan bunn gayaa.
afghanistan kii rashtriya sanskriti ack samaan naheen haye, saath hii, vibhinn jaatiya samoohon kii ack-dusare key beach koee spasht seema naheen haye aur bahut adhik ativyaapi haye. isake alawa, jaatiya samooh nasleeya roop seey samroop naheen hain. afghanistan mein jaatiya samoohon ney ack-dusare seey paramparaon aur samarohon koo apanaaya haye aur sabhi ack samaan sanskriti saajha karate hain. udaaharan key liye, nauruz afghanistan mein vibhinn jaatiya samoohon dwara manaaya jaane vaalaa ack nayaa saal kaa tyohar haye.
badey jaatiya samooh.
pashtoon.
pashtoon afghanistan mein sabse badaa jaatiya samooh banaate hain. sateek sankhyaaen bhinn hoti hain; 1996 key congress country studies key anuman key anusaar, afghanistan kii aabaadi kii 1991 50% kii vishva tathya pustika key anusaar, pashtoonon kii sankhya 40 pratishat thee. haal key anuman 2013 mein 42 pratishat aur 2023 mein 52.4% key beach bhinn hotey hain. adhikansh pashtoon soonni islam kaa abhyaas karate hain. 1709 mein hotaki rajvansh key uday aur 1747 mein durrani samrajya key baad, pashtoonon ney abb afghanistan aur pakistan mein samudaayon kaa gathan karke vistaar kiya.
pashtoon logon kii utpatti key baare mein itihaskaron aur pashtoon swayam donon key beach paraspar virodhi siddhant hain. pakhtoon" key samaan upnaamon vaale vibhinn pracheen samoohon koo aadhunik pashtoonon key sambhaavit poorvajon key roop mein parikalpana kii gaee haye. yunani itihaaskaar herodotus ney "pactian" naamak ack logon kaa ullekh kiya, joe pahali sahasrabdi eesaa poorv key roop mein acamenid key aracosia kshatrap mein rahate they. teesari shatabdi esvi seey aur aage unhein jyaadaatar "afghan" nasleeya naam seey sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii unhein padosi farsi logon dwara diyaa gayaa naam haye. kuchh logon kaa maanana haye kii jaatiya "afghan" praakrit nasleeya naam "avgana" kaa ack roopaantaran haye, joe chhathi shatabdi esvi mein pramaanit kiya gayaa thaa. iska upayog ack samanya pauranik poorvaj koo sandarbhit karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa jise "afghana" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, jise israel key raajaa saul kaa potaa maanaa jaataa thaa.
vidvaanon key anusaar jaise vee. minerchy aur anya, "afghan" naam 982 esvi hudud-all-aalam bhugol pustak mein dikhaai detaa haye. all-biruni ney 11veen shatabdi mein afagaanon key ack samooh koo pracheen bhaarat aur faras key paschimi seemavarti pahaadon parr rahane vaali vibhinn janjaatiyon key roop mein sandarbhit kiya, joe afagaanistaan mein hindu kush pahaadon aur abb pakistan mein sindhu nadee key beach kaa kshetra hoga. anya sroton key anusaar, kuchh pashtoon israel kii khoyi hui janjaatiyaan hoe sakati hain jinhone arab samrajya key dauran islam mein parivartit hoe gaye they. 13veen shatabdi key baad seey, kuchh pashtoon janjaatiyon ney dakshin asia mein gaharaai seey dhakelkar apani paaramparik pashtoon matribhoomi key baahar key kshetron parr vijay praapt kii.
aadhunik afghan rashtriya pehchaan 18veen shatabdi key madhya mein ahmed shaah durrani key shasson key tahat vikasit hui, joe durrani samrajya key sansthaapak they.
karzai prashaasan (2001-2014), jiska netritva rashtrapati hamid karzai ney kiya thaa, pashtoon mantriyon kaa prabhutva thaa.
afghanistan key kuchh ullekhaniya pashtoonon mein shamil hainh hamid karzai, ashraf ghaani, nazo tokhi, vajir akbar khaan, maivand kii mallai, abdul aahaad mommond, zalme khalilzad, afghan ladki, hedayat ameen arsala, abdul raheem wardak, shher mohammad karimi, abdul salaam azimi, zalmaai rassaul, omar zakhilwal, ghulam farak wardak, anwar ull-huck hadee, daud shaah sabaa, mohammad gulab mangal, gulgha sherzai, asadullah khalid, mohammadan muhammad, mohammad all-mohammad, all-mohammad, all-mohammad, all-muhamad, suhaid ull-hadee, suhaid ull-hadee, nazz, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farzzia, farz
tajik.
tajik afghanistan mein doosara sabse badaa jaatiya samooh haye. jabaki yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii way 2013 taka aabaadi kaa lagbhag 27 pratishat banaate hain, way 1996 mein afghanistan kii aabaadi kaa 25.3% banaate hain, aur "vishvakosh britannica" bataata haye kii 21veen sadee kii shuruat taka way lagbhag ack-paanchven (i. ee. 20 pratishat) aabaadi. way ack mool farsi bhashi loga hain. ack swa-naam key roop mein, "tajik" shabd, joe pahale kamobesh apmaanjanak thaa, pichhale kaee dashakon key dauran hii sweekarya hoe gayaa haye, vishesh roop seey madhya asia mein soviyat prashaasan key parinamswarup. tajikon key liye vaikalpik naam hain "farsi" (farsi), "faarasi" (farsi-vaktaa), aur "dihgan" (see. aff.). , shaabdik roop seey "kisan yaa basey hue graameen", vyaapak arthon mein "ghumantu" key vipareet "basey hue").
tajik kewal shasson karane mein saksham they aur saath hii saath videshiyon parr kuchh mahatvapurna prabhaav key saath dusare yaa tatkaal upa-shasakon key roop mein apane shasson koo vaidh banaane mein saksham they-1929 mein habibullah kalakani key chhote 10 maheene key shasson key apavaad key saath.
tajik padosi tajikistan mein pramukh jaatiya samooh hain, ack aisaa desh joe 1991 mein afghanistan key uttar mein banaaya gayaa thaa. 19 veen shatabdi key anta aur 20 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, badee sankhya mein madhya asiai tajik russie laal senaa dwara apani mool matribhoomi kii vijay seey bhaag gaye aur uttari afghanistan mein buss gaye.
afghanistan mein, herat shahar mein tajik bahusankhyak hain. majaar-aeye-sharif shahar 60 pratishat tajik haye, kabul shahar lagbhag 45 pratishat aur gajani shahar 50 pratishat haye. kaee afghan rashtriya suraksha balon (ansf) mein jaane jaate hain, jabaki kuchh pramukh shaharon mein naukarshah, doctor, shikshak, professor, vyaapaari aur dukaandaar hain. anya graameen kshetron mein rahate hain, vishesh roop seey badakhshan mein, aur krishi mein sanlagn hain. afghanistan key kuchh ullekhaniya tajikon mein shamil hainh habibullah kalakani, burhanuddin rabbani, ahmed shaah masood, ahmed jiyaa masood, mohammad fahim, unus kaanoonani, ismel khaan, bismillah khaan mohammadi, ataa muhammad noor, amrullah saleh, wassef bakhtari, abdul lateef pedram, masood jalal, baaz mohammad ahmadi, mohammad daaood, abdul basir salangi aur faujia kofi.
hazara.
hazara afghanistan key sabse badey jaatiya samoohon mein seey ack hain. way afghanistan key sabhi hisson mein rahate hain, mukhya roop seey madhya afghanistan key hazaaraajat kshetra mein. bhashai roop seey hazara daari-farsi kii ack bolly bolate hain, jise hajaaraagi key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur kabhi-kabhi unake sanskaran koo kaee turkey aur kuchh mangolik udhaar shabdon key saath vibhajit kiya jaataa haye. way islam kaa abhyaas karate hain, jyaadaatar twelver sampradaay key shiya, mahatvapurna sunee, kuchh islami aur gair-sampradayik muslim alpsankhyakon key saath. 1996 mein congress country studies key pustakalaya key anusaar, hazara desh kii aabaadi kaa 18 pratishat thaa, jabaki haal key anuman 9 aur 12 pratishat key beach bhinn hotey hain.
afghanistan key kuchh ullekhaniya hazaaron mein shamil hainh abdul allie mazaari, commander shafee hazaara, ismael balkhi, kareem khalili, sultan allie keshatmand, habiba sarabi, sarvar danish, muhammad ibrahim khaan, simaa samaar, ramjan bashardost, abdul huck shafaq, sayed anwar rahmati, qurbani urojgani, azra jaffrey, ahmed shaah ramazaan, muhammad mohaqiq, ahmed behazaad, nasrullah sakee zaadaa nilly, ababas noyan, fahim haseem, rohullah nikpai, hameed, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim, ibrahim
uzbekistan.
uzbek afghanistan key mukhya turkey loga hain jinka mool kshetra desh key uttari kshetron mein haye. sabse adhik sambhavana haye kii uzbek turkey aakramankariyon kii ack lahar key saath pravaas curr gaye aur samay key saath sthaaniya irani janjaatiyon key saath mill curr aaj key jaatiya samooh bunn gaye. afghanistan key uzbek soonni musalman hain aur dakshini uzbek bhasha mein dharapravah hain. afghanistan mein rahane vaale uzbekon kaa anuman 1990 key dashak mein lagbhag 13 laakh thaa, lekin maanaa jaataa haye kii 2011 mein 20 laakh aur 2023 mein 41 million afagaanon mein seey 36 laakh (yaa aabaadi kaa 8.8%) they.
afghanistan key kuchh ullekhaniya uzbekon mein shamil hainh abdul rasheed dostam, aazaad begg, alhaz mutlib begg, suraaya dalil, husna baano ghaznafar, delber naazari, abdul rauf ibrahimi, muhammad unus nawandish, sherkhan faarnud, abdul majid roozee, abdul malik pahalwan aur rasul pahalwan.
chhote jaatiya samooh.
lakshya.
"ammack", jiska arth turkey-mangol ("oymak") mein "janjaati" haye, ack jaatiya sampradaay naheen haye, lekin hazara, tajik aur balooch sahit vibhinn jaatiya mool key ardh-ghumantu charvaahon aur krishi adiwasi samoohon koo alag kartaa haye, joe solahavin aur satrahavin shatabdi mein baney they. way badghiyon, ghor aur herat praanton key paschimi kshetron mein gair-adiwasi logon key beach rahate hain. way sunni islam kaa abhyaas karate hain, farsi kii emac bolly bolate hain joe daari key karib haye, aur khud koo adiwasi padnaamon key saath sandarbhit karate hain. jansankhya key anuman vyaapak roop seey 500,000 seey cumm seey laker lagbhag 800,000 taka bhinn hotey hain.
turkmen.
turkmen afghanistan mein ack chhota turkey bhashi jaatiya samooh haye. way sunni musalman hain, aur unaki utpatti uzbekon key samaan haye. haalaanki, uzbekon key vipareet, turkmen paaramparik roop seey ack khanabdosh loga hain (haalaanki unhein soviyat shasson key tahat turkmenistan mein hii iss tarah key jeevan koo chhodane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa). 1990 key dashak mein unaki sankhya lagbhag 200,000 rakhee gaee thee.
baloch.
baloch loga balochi bhasha bolane vaale hain joe jyaadaatar afghanistan key balochistan kshetra mein aur usake aspas paae jaate hain. 1990 key dashak mein unaki sankhya 100,000 rakhee gaee thee lekin aaj way lagbhag 200,000 hain. mukhya roop seey dehaati aur registani nivasi, afghanistan key baloch loga mukhya roop seey sunni musalman hain. nimrooj praant key poorv rajyapal abdul kareem brahui ack jaatiya balooch hain.
dukhi.
13 march 2019 koo rashtrapati bhawan (aarg) mein sadaat sabhaa koo sambodhit karate hue rashtrapati ashraf ghaani ney kahaa kii vaha nae electronic rashtriya pehchaan patra (ee-nick) mein sadaat jaatiya samooh koo shamil karane parr ack adesh jaari karenge.
rashtrapati ashraf ghaani ney 15 march 2019 koo electronic rashtriya pehchaan mein 'sadaat janjaati' kaa ullekh karane kaa adesh diyaa.
uttar key saiyyad aam taur parr balakh aur kunduz mein sthit hain; jabaki poorv mein way nangarhar mein paae jaa sakate hain. jabaki adhikansh sunni musalman hain, bamian praant mein kuchh shiya musalman hain.
pashai.
pashai mukhya roop seey purvi afghanistan mein rahane vaalaa ack bhaaratiya-aarya jaatiya bhashai samooh haye. way mukhya roop seey laghman aur nangarhar key uttari hisson mein kendrit hain, saath hii kunar, kapisa, parwan, nuristan aur kuchh panjshir key hisson mein bhee hain. unaki kull jansankhya 400,000 honey kaa anuman haye.
nuristani.
nuristi ack indo-irani loga hain, joe aryan logon (indo-aryan, irani aur nuristi) kii teesari swatantra shakha kaa pratinidhitva karate hain, joe poorvottar afghanistan key alag-thalag kshetron key saath-saath pakistan mein chitral jile mein seema paar rahate hain. way vibhinn prakaar kii noori bhaashaaen bolate hain. aitihaasik roop seey kaafiron key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye jise kabhi kafiristan (murtipoojakon kii bhoomi) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. 1890 key dashak key madhya mein, durand rekha kii sthaapana key baad jaba afghanistan kuchh samay key liye british samrajya key liye vibhinn seemavarti kshetron parr ack samjhaute parr pahuncha, tou ameer abdur rahman khaan ney kafiristan mein ack sainya abhiyaan chalaaya aur kaafiron koo islam mein jabaran parivartit karane key saath apani vijay kaa anusaran kiya; taba seey iss kshetra koo "nuristan", "prakaash kii bhoomi" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. dharm parivartan seey pahale, nuristani pracheen hindu dharm key ack roop kaa abhyaas karate they. gair-muslim dhaarmik prathaaen aaj kuchh hudd taka lock reeti-rivaajon key roop mein nuristan mein bunny hui hain. apane mool graameen kshetron mein, way aksar kisan, charvaahe aur dayeri karmchari hotey hain. 1990 key dashak mein kuchh logon dwara jansankhya kaa anuman 125,000 thaa; nuristani 300,000 kaa aankada pasand karate hain.
nuristan kshetra yuddh key drishyon key liye ack pramukh sthaan rhaa haye jisake kaaran kaee swadeshi nooristaniyon kii maut hoe gaee haye. seema khaali honey key kaaran aspas key afghanistan kshetron seey bhee nuristan mein bahut saare loga buss gaye hain.
pamiri.
pamiri way loga hain joe pamiri bhaashaaen bolate hain. pamiri afghanistan key badakhshan praant key logon key saath ghanishth bhashai, saanskritik aur dhaarmik sambandh saajha karate hain, chean key shinziang praant mein taxcorgan tajik swaayatt county mein sarikoli bolane vaale aur afghanistan aur pakistan mein vaaki bolane vaale. pamiri logon kii poshak kii apani vishisht shailiyaan hain, joe ack samudaay koo dusare seey alag curr sakati hain. topi kii shailiyaan vishesh roop seey vividh hainh kewal sir key kapadon key aadhar parr, rushon yaa shugnon ghaatiyon key vipareet, koee bhee wakhan seey kissy koo dekh sakata haye.
coords.
kurdon ney alag-alag samay parr afghanistan mein aakar vahaan rehna shuru kiya haye. afshari rajvansh key dauran iran key kurdistan seey grater khurasan mein unake pravaas kii nirantarta afagaanistaan mein kurd pravaas kii ack aur badee lahar thee. dou mukhya samoohon ney naadar shaah kii senaa kaa gathan kiya. pahala shahsevan turkon kaa ack samooh thaa joe yuddh aur yuddh key prabhaari they, aur doosara kurdon kaa ack samooh thaa joe nedder kii senaa key liye ack samarthan key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa. haalaanki adhikansh afghan kurd mangolon seey ladane key liye laae gaye kurdon key vanshaj hain, yaa kurdon key vanshaj joe afghanistan chaley gaye, yaa naadar shaah key prati wafadar kurdon key vanshaj, 1980 key dashak mein soviyat-afghan yuddh mein ladane key liye ack mahatvapurna raashi aaee. afghan kurdon koo aaj jyaadaatar aatmasaat kiya jaataa haye, phir bhee way sweekaar karate hain kii way kurdon hain, unamen seey adhikansh apani pahali bhasha key roop mein daree bolate hain, aur unamen seey kewal kuchh kurdish bolane vaale maujood hain. way soonni islam kaa paalan karate hain aur mukhya roop seey herat, gajani, majaar-aeye-sharif aur kabul shaharon mein rahate hain. kurd sansthaan peris key anusaar, afghanistan mein kurdon kii sankhya 200,000 haye.
gurjar/gurjar.
gurjar loga ack adiwasi samooh hain joe sadiyon seey afghanistan mein rahate hain. afghanistan samachar agency pajwok afghan samachar key anusaar, vartamaan mein desh mein anumaanit 15 laakh gurjar loga reh rahey hain. gurjar loga mukhya roop seey afghanistan key poorvottar kshetron mein paae jaate hain, jinamen kapisa, baglan, balakh, kunduz, takhaar, badakhshan, nuristan, laghman, nangarhar aur khost shamil hain. unaki ack alag sanskriti aur jeevan shally haye.
puraane afghanistan key samvidhaan ney aadhikarik taur parr 14 jaatiya samoohon koo maanyata dee, jinamen seey ack gurjar jaatiya samooh thaa.<riff naam = "HTTPS:// Ww.aar. aff. aar. ell.org "> afghanistan mein kaee gurjar adiwasi loga apane adhikaaron seey vanchit hain aur unake rahane kii sthiti kharaab haye. afghanistan mein gurjar kabhi-kabhi avaidh milicia dwara aantarik roop seey visthaapit hue hain, 2018 key dauran lagbhag 200 gurjar parivaar takhaar praant key farkhar jile mein apane gharon seey visthaapit hue they.
corona virus mahamari key dauran, badakhshan key poorvottar praant mein gurjar loga apane kshetron mein cleanic aur anya swaasthya suvidhaon kii kamee key kaaran corona virus key ilaaj key liye aurak maans kaa upayog karate they. gurjar janjaati parishad ney andak janwar key maans koo haraam maanaa, halanki kshetra key kaee gurjar logon ney kahaa kii unake paas koee vikalp naheen thaa.
ateet mein gurjar adiwasi netaaon ney afghanistan key pichhale rashtrapati, hamid karzai seey mulakat kii haye. gurjar bujurgon ney apane kshetron mein school aur aspatal banaane kii maang kii aur afghan sarkaar ney gurjar chhatron koo videsh mein adhyayan karane key liye chhatravritti dee.
kyrgyz.
2003 mein afghanistan kii kyrgyzstan kii aabaadi 1,130 thee, joe sabhi poorvottar afghanistan key badakhshan praant key purvi wakhan jile seey theen. way ack khanabdosh jeevan shally jeete hain.
anya.
adhik chhote samoohon mein arab, moghol, ormur, vaakhi, sindhi, hindkovan, panjabi aur anya shamil hain.
vitaran.
pramukh jaatiyataon mein, bhaugolik vitaran vividh hoe sakata haye. phir bhee, aam taur parr kuchh aise kshetra hain jahan ack jaatiya samooh aabaadi parr haavi hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye pashtoon dakshini afghanistan aur poorv key kuchh hisson mein atyadhik kendrit hain, lekin phir bhee badey alpasankhyak kaheen aur maujood hain. tajik uttar-poorv mein atyadhik kendrit hain, lekin paschimi afghanistan jaise anya sthaanon mein bhee badey samudaay banaate hain. hazara jyaadaatar madhya afghanistan key vyaapak "hazara" kshetra mein kendrit hotey hain, jabaki uzbek uttar mein ghanee aabaadi vaale hain. kuchh sthaan bahut vividh hainh udaaharan key liye, kabul shahar koo ack "pighalane vaalaa bartan" maanaa gayaa haye, jahaan pramukh jaatiya samoohon kii badee aabaadi rahati haye, halanki paaramparik roop seey ack alag "kabuli" pehchaan key saath. gajani, kunduj, kabul aur jauzajaan key praant ullekhaniya jaatiya vividhata key liye prasiddh hain.
jaatiya rachana.
2023 mein afghanistan kii jansankhya 41.6 laakh honey kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa. atirikt 30 laakh yaa usase adhik afgaanon koo asthaayi roop seey padosi pakistan aur iran mein rakhaa gayaa haye, jinamen seey adhikansh kaa janm aur paalan-poshan una donon deshon mein huaa thaa. isase kull afghan aabaadi lagbhag 44.6 laakh hoe jaati haye aur isaki vartamaan vriddhi darr 2.33% haye.
jabaki 2004 key baad koee vishvasaniya aankade naheen hain, jaatiya samoohon kaa ack anumaanit vitaran neeche diye gaye chart mein dikhaaya gayaa haih
uparokt chart mein haal key anuman koo kuchh hudd taka neeche diye gaye rashtriya janmat sarvekshanon dwara samarthit kiya gayaa haye, jiska uddeshya yeh jaanana thaa kii afghanistan mein lagbhag 804 seey 8,706 sthaaniya nivaasiyon key ack samooh ney vartamaan yuddh, raajneetik sthiti key saath-saath unake dainik jeevan koo prabhaavit karane vaale aarthik aur samajik muddon key baare mein kaisa mahsoos kiya. asia foundation dwara 2004 aur 2015 key beach duss sarvekshan kiye gaye they (ack namuna neeche dee gaee talika mein dikhaaya gayaa haye; 2015 mein sarvekshan mein pratibhagiyon kii jaatiyata parr jaankaari naheen thee) aur 2004 aur 2009 key beach prasaran companiyon aine. bee. see. samachar, bee. bee. see. aur aar. dee. key sanyukt prayaas seey ack.
dhyaan dene yogya baat yeh haye kii vishva tathya pustika, vishva detta aadi key anumaanon kii tulanaa mein inn sarvekshanon mein tajik logon kaa pratishat board bhar mein ullekhaniya roop seey adhik haye.jabaki pashtoonon aur lakshyon kii sankhya cumm hoti haye.

