
nucasal apon tyne key mezban

nucasal onn tyne key mejbaanon kii nigamit company, jise aksar hostman company off nucasal kahaa jaataa haye, 22 march key shaahi charter dwara nigamit ack company haye. landan shahar kii ack vardi company key anuroop, yeh abhee bhee maujood haye. yeh aarthik itihaskaron key liye vyavsaayiyon key ack gutt key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jinhone uttar poorv ingland mein tyne nadee seey koyale key niryaat koo niyantrit karane key liye ekadhikar banaaya thaa. way "hosting" kii madhyayugeen pratha seey itane jaane jaate they, jisake tahat sthaaniya vyapariyon ney aaney vaale vyapariyon koo awas pradaan kiya aur unhein sthaaniya vyapariyon seey parichit karaaya. mejbaanon ney bichauliyon key roop mein kaam kiya jinake saath koyla utpadakon aur una logon koo joe landan aur anya jagahon parr koyla bhejate they, unhein sauda karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa.
shuruat.
13veen shatabdi key madhya seey jaba nadee key tyne seey koyale kaa niryaat shuru huaa, taba seey nucasal key berges ney isake niryaat parr ekadhikar hassil karane kii koshish kii. 1216 mein, raajaa johnn ney nucasal koo mahapour chunane aur vyaapaar sangh banaane kaa adhikaar diyaa. inn sanghon ney yeh sunishchit karane kii koshish kii kii vibhinn vastuon kaa vyaapaar nae mahal mein kendrit hoe. nae mahal key bergus kii tyne parr vyaapaar parr ekadhikar karane kii ichcha ney uttar dhaal key paas key basti seey koyale key shipment key sambandh mein tynemouth key saath ack vivaad paida curr diyaa, joe priory key swaamitva mein thaa. 1267 mein nucasal key mahapour, nicolaus scott ney vyapariyon key ack samooh key saath uttari dhaal parr hamla kiya, kaee imaraton mein aag lagaa dee. 1290 mein berges ney raajaa koo uttari dhaal key baare mein yachika daayar kii aur nae samjhaute seey koyale key niryaat key saath-saath anya vyaapaar koo nilambit karane mein safal rahey. abb seey, uttari dhaal kewal ack machhali pakadane key bandargah key roop mein bunny hui haye. 1350 mein edward III ney nae mahal key berges koo aage key taton aur shahar key moor kshetra seey koyale kii khudai karane kaa licenses diyaa. 1446 seey, uttari dhaal seey koyale key shipment kii anumati dee gaee thee, lekin 1530 mein ack shaahi adhiniyam ney koyale key sabhi shipment koo nucasal queside taka seemit curr diyaa, jisase nucasal berges koo unakaa vaanchhit ekadhikar mill gayaa. isane heinry aaee dwara diye gaye madhyayugeen ekadhikar koo majboot kiya, joe abhee bhee apane sthaan parr thaa.
sudhaar.
sudhaar seey pahale, adhikansh uttar-purvi koyla bhandar mathon key haathon mein they. mathon ney khanan key liye bhoomi patte parr dee thee, lekin aam taur parr nishkarshan kii darr parr seema nirdhaarit kii jaati thee taaki keemat adhik rakhee jaa sakey. iska matlab thaa kii koyale kaa utpaadan nirantar star parr rhaa. 1539 mein mathon key vighatan key baad, koyale key bhandar niji haathon mein chaley gaye aur utpaadan parr pratibandh gayab hoe gaye. sudhaar seey pahale nishkarshan kii vaarshik darr lagbhag 15,000 tunn seey badhkar 1603 mein 162,000,1609 mein 239,000 aur 1634 mein 425,000 hoe gaee, joe lagbhag sabhi tyne seey niryaat key liye thee. koyale kaa niryaat landan aur ingland key anya hisson mein kiya jaataa thaa, lekin holland, france aur flanders mein bhee kiya jaataa thaa. koyla abb taka kii sabse moolyavaan sthaaniya vastu bunn gaee. anya vyaparik vastuon kii tarah, koyla kewal nae mahal key shahar seey gujar sakata thaa yadi isaki khareed aur bikri shahar key bergus dwara niyantrit kii jaati thee. mejbaanon ney iss ekadhikar kaa fayda uthaane key liye nae mahal key vyaapaari sahsi logon kii company key bheetar ack samooh kaa gathan kiya thaa. vyavhaar mein, mejbaanon key paas "keel", badee naaven theen jinka upayog koyale koo nadee key kinare seey prateeksha karane vaale koliyaron mein sthanantarit karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa joe neeche kii or baandh diye jaate they. inn naukaaon parr kaam karane vaale logon koo "keelman" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. keelman ney ack bahut hii anishchit astitva kaa netritva kiya, jinhen aakasmik roop seey bhugtan kiya jaa rhaa thaa, aur mejbaanon dwara unhein avishvaas key saath maanaa jaataa thaa jinake saath way aksar vivaad mein hotey they.
gatehead.
1553 mein, edward vee key shasankal key dauran, johnn dudley, northumberland key duke ney ack adhiniyam koo praayojit kiya, jisamen nucasal koo durham key bishparik seey gatehead aur usake aspas key kshetra koo jodane kii anumati dee gaee. isase nae mahal key bergus koo gatehead bhoomi parr koyale key liye khanan karane kii anumati mill jaayegi. edward kii mrityu aur dudley key patan ney yojana koo whiffle curr diyaa. 1576 mein elizabeth pratham key shasankal key dauran nae mahal key bergus ney isi tarah kaa prayaas kiya, lekin raani kii niji parishad ney unakaa virodh kiya.
bhavya patta.
16veen shatabdi key anta mein, mejbaanon ney tyneside koyla kshetra mein patte kharidana shuru curr diyaa, jaba taka kii unake paas jald hii koyale key utpaadan kaa lagbhag kull ekadhikar naheen thaa. iss kadam koo 1583 mein sahaayata millie jaba raani elizabeth ney gatehead aur vikam kii poorv-palatinate khadanon koo dou nae mahal vyapariyon, heinry anderson aur villium selby koo patte parr diyaa, jinhone unhein pramukh mejbaanon koo vibhajit curr diyaa. yeh "bhavya patta" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa, aur mejbaanon koo "koyale key swami" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa, kyonki way abb iss vastu key utpaadan aur niryaat donon koo niyantrit karate they. 1590 mein landan key lord meyer ney shikayat kii kii tyne seey koyale key niryaat kaa viniyaman anuchit roop seey kimaton koo badhaa rhaa thaa.
nigman.
1600 mein mejbaanon kii company koo elizabeth pratham dwara pradaan kiye gaye ack charter key madhyam seey shamil kiya gayaa thaa. isase unhein tyne seey bheje gaye koyale key pratyek chaldron (vaigan load) parr ack-shilling curr key badale mein tyne mein koyale key vyaapaar kaa vishesh adhikaar milaa. charter ney matdaataon key ack vishesh nikaay koo anumati dee, vyavhaar mein mejbaanon koo, shahar key mahapour aur berges koo chunane kaa adhikaar. 1600 mein, 240,000 tunn koyla tyne seey bheja gayaa thaa, joe durham koyla udyog dwara utpaadit tunn bhaar seey 20 gunaa adhik thaa aur nadee key ghisane seey bheja gayaa thaa.
kaskar buney hue mezban, apane gutt aur tyne key niyantran key saath, abb koyla utpaadan vyavasaay koo niyantrit karate they. unake paas poonji aur paimaane kii arthavyavasthaaen theen. kuchh sthaaniya koyla udyami jeevit reh sakate they yadi way mejbaanon kii company key sadasya naheen hotey. 1621 mein aam logon ney nae mahal key mejbaanon koo ekadhikarvadiyon kii soochi mein shamil kiya, jinake visheshadhikaron koo radd curr diyaa jaanaa chaahiye, lekin 1623 key ack adhiniyam ney unhein vishesh roop seey chhoot dee.
scotish aakraman.
1637 mein charles aaee ney rajaswa badhaane key prayaas mein, mejbaanon koo utpaadan koo viniyamit karane aur koyale kii keemat nirdhaarit karane kii anumati dene key badale mein tyneside koyale parr curr koo doguna curr diyaa. landan key koyla ayatak aur purvi anglion jahaaj-malik naraj they aur unhone tyneside koyale kaa bahishkaar karane kaa sankalp liya. isake parinamswarup koyale kii keemat badhee aur shaahi rajaswa mein girawat aaee. charles koo mejbaanon key ekadhikar koo radd karane key liye majboor honah padaa. jaba 1639 mein charles dwara scotland mein angreji prarthana pustak kii shuruat key khilaf scott uthhe, tou shaahi virodhi landan key vyapariyon ney aakramankari scott koo nae mahal parr kabja karane key liye protsaahit kiya. unhone 1640 mein aisaa kiya, jisase koyale kaa niryaat poori tarah seey baadhit hoe gayaa. scotish senaa ack saal taka nae mahal mein rahee aur nigam seey apane sainikon koo bill dene key liye niyamit shulk liya.
grih yuddh.
jaba agast 1642 mein pahala angreji grihyuddh shuru huaa, tou adhikansh nae mahal key bergus ney shahivadiyon kaa paksh liya aur 1644 mein sansadiya balon ney landan koo aapoorti mein katauti karate hue koyale key niryaat koo rokane key liye tyne nadee koo avaruddh curr diyaa. iss sthiti koo cumm karane key liye sansad ney blythe aur kharaab honey vaale hisse seey koyale key niryaat koo protsaahit kiya, lekin una sroton seey paryaapt koyla upalabdh naheen thaa joe nae mahal seey bheje gaye koyale koo badal sakey. octuber 1644 mein, scotish sainikon ney aathh maheene kii gherabandi key baad nae mahal parr kabja curr liya, phir dou saal key liye northumberland aur durham parr kabja curr liya, apani laagat kaa bhugtan karane key liye koyla vyaapaar seey curr lagaaya. 1648 mein dusare angreji grihyuddh key samaapt honey key baad, shaahi berges koo sansad key sahaanubhooti rakhane vaalon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa, joe apane poorvavartiyon kii tarah nae mahal key vyaparik ekadhikar koo banaae rakhane key liye utane hii utsuk saabit hue. 1655 mein, chirton key ralf gardiner ney nigam parr "atyachar aur utpeedan" kaa aarop lagaaya, jaba unhein uttari dhaal mein sharaab banaakar nucasal key becker aur sharaab banaane vaali company key ekadhikar kaa ullanghan karane key liye jail mein daal diyaa gayaa thaa, aur sansad mein asafal yachika daayar kii kii vyapariyon koo nae casal key madhyam seey sauda karane key liye majboor karane vaale niyamon koo samaapt kiya jaae. 
isake vyaparik visheshadhikaron mein girawat.
grihyuddh ney nadee koo koyale key niryaat key liye ack pratiyogi key roop mein ubharane kii anumati dee thee. 1660 taka tyne koyale kaa vyaapaar thheek hoe gayaa thaa, lekin abb yeh kharaab utpaadan seey kewal ack tihai adhik thaa. iss samay nae mahal key mejbaanon ney apane charter adhikaaron kaa daavaa karke aur sunderland seey niryaat kiye jaane vaale sabhi koyale parr shilling curr lagaakar sunderland koyla vyapariyon key saath jhadap kii. nae mahal kaa ekadhikar 1700 aur 1750 key beach taka jaari rhaa, koyale kaa utpaadan iss hudd taka badh gayaa kii gair-mezban vyavasaayi aakarshit hue. isase mejbaanon kii taakat gambhir roop seey kamjor hoe gaee aur uttar-poorv koyla vyaapaar parr unaki phir kabhi aisee pakad naheen hogi.
mejbaanon kii society key rajyapalon kii soochi.
nimnalikhit 1600 seey 1800 taka key rajyapalon kii soochi haye.
unake record.
1901 mein sarti society ney "nucasal-apon-tyne key mejbaanon kii company key record seey uddharan" prakaashit kiye. aff.doubleu. sampaadak dwara ack vistrit parichay aur prastaavana key saath. 1931 mein poorak they.