basti puraatatva

basti puraatatva (jarmanah "seedlungsarcholaji") aadhunik puraatatva kii ack shakha haye. yeh poorv bastiyon aur nirjan kshetron, awas aur bastiyon key roopon aur poore kshetron kii pragaitihasik basti kii jaanch kartaa haye. iss uddeshya key liye, puraataatvik sarvekshan aur khudai key madhyam seey vyaktigat aavason aur basti pranaliyon key roopon, karyon aur vikas kaa pataa lagaaya jaataa haye. basti puraatatva ney basti itihas aur basti bhugol key saath ghanishth sahyog seey vikas kiya haye. alag-alag kshetron mein kaee shataabdiyon yaa sahasraabdiyon key niptan anukramon kaa pataa lagaaya jaataa haye. parivartanon aur susangat tatvon kaa adhyayan kiya jaa sakata haye aur anya shodhit bastiyon key saath tulanaa kii jaa sakati haye. puraataatvik tarikon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisamen puraatatviya prashnon koo hull karane key liye puraatatviya paddhatiyon aur-prani vigyaan aur spectroscopic phosphat vishleshan shamil hain, jyaadaatar pragaitihasik aur praarambhik itihas key kshetra mein.
logon key puraatatva key roop mein basti puraatatva.
basti puraatatva shabd ney shuru mein ack shodh paddhati koo sandarbhit kiya, jiska sabse mahatvapurna pratipaadak gustaf kosinna thaa, jisane 1887 mein shuru mein apani "basti puraatatva vidhi" vikasit kii. kosinna aur unake shishyon, sanskritiyon, saanskritik kshetron key anusaar aur antatah, jaatiya samoohon key basti kshetron koo prakaron aur unake sammelanon key madhyam seey aanka jaa sakata haye. puraataatvik sanskriti", jaatiyata aur nasl key iss sameekaran ney, vishesh roop seey rashtriya samajwadi shasson key dauran, nasleeya vichardhara key saath puraataatvik anusandhaan key ack durbhagyapurna aur khatarnak sanyojan kii or netritva kiya. kosinna key shikshan key mukhya siddhanton mein seey ack yeh thaa kii puraataatvik saanskritik kshetra harr samay vishesh logon ("wolkern") yaa janjaatiyon key saath teji seey paribhaashit hotey hain. jaba pragaitihasik khojon kii "jaatiya vyakhya" key baare mein poochha gayaa, tou "puraataatvik" koo "aitihaasik" tarikon seey jodkar jawab maange gaye. kosinna ney kahaa kii unaki "basti puraataatvik vidhi" kaa aadhar yeh thaa kii yeh ack aisee saadrishya kaa upayog kartaa haye joe pracheen kaal key mund-prakaash koo behtar gyaat vartamaan, yaa yugon key nishkarshon seey prabuddh kartaa haye, joe abhee bhee pracheen hain, lekin samriddh parampara dwara chihnit hain. yeh haal key itihas koo samajhkar pragaitihasik samay koo rotion kartaa haye. yuddh key baad key yug mein tathyon key anubhavjanya sangrah aur unaki kalanukramik aur sthaanik vyavastha koo anusandhaan kaa mukhya lakshya ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa, jisane aaj key german puraatatva key liye antim pathyakram nirdhaarit kiya. saiddhaantik drishtikon prishthabhoomi mein chaley gaye.
aadhunik basti puraatatva.
1920 key dashak key baad seey adhik seey adhik kaary saamane aae hain jinamen alag-alag kshetron parr puraatatviya roop seey shodh kiya gayaa haye. usee samay, bastiyon kii swayam jaanch karane parr adhik jore diyaa gayaa thaa. jerhard barsu, herman stoll aur robbert rudolf schmitt jaise shodhkarta, jinhone mukhya roop seey dakshini germany mein kaam kiya, aadhunik basti puraatatva key iss agrani charan mein seey they. udaaharan key liye, feders mein khudai mein praarambhik charan mein praakritik vigyaan (parag vishleshan (palenology), moor bhoovigyaan aur bhoo-aakriti vigyaan, dendrocronology, radiocarbon detting, puraatatva aur puraatatva, jeevaashm vigyaan, samagri anusandhaan aadi shamil they.). haalaanki, vishesh roop seey huns reinth key nirdeshan key tahat teesare reech key dauran, basti puraatatva kaa vaichaarik durupyog vishesh roop seey spasht thaa. anta mein, halanki, sthaapana aur vidhipoorvak paribhasha key liye mahatvapurna aaveg mukhya roop seey uttar seey aaeh hathboo (headeby key saath-saath uttari samudra tata parr wurten mein jaanch jaise kii werner harngal dwara cuxhaven key paas federderson wierd, mool they. puraatatvavid herbert jankuhn basti puraatatva key iss punarparibhashit key nirmaan seey judey hue hain. rashtriya samaajvaad kii avadhi key dauran jankuhn kosinna key basti puraatatva key tarikon key prastaavak they.
nae rujhaan.
haal hii mein vyaktigat basti aur paridrishyon aur kshetron key vishleshan parr teji seey dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa haye, jyaadaatar bhaugolik soochana pranaliyon (jee. aaee. aiss.) kaa upayog karate hue. aaj paridrishya puraatatva shabd koo prathamikta dee jaati haye. basti puraatatva mein praakritik vigyaan kii lambe samay seey chully aaa rahee bhoomika mein haal hii mein aur vriddhi hui haye, aur bhugol, bhoovigyaan, prani vigyaan, vanaspati vigyaan aur maanav vigyaan kaa upayog mrida vigyaan key kshetra mein teji seey kiya jaa rhaa haye, joe udaaharan key liye, bhoo-puraatatva key kshetra mein parilakshit hotaa haye.

