surr villium johnson, pratham baronet

surr villium johnson, 1st baronet (-11 julaai 1774), ireland key ack british senaa adhikaari aur aupaniveshik prashaasak they. ack yuva vyakti key roop mein, johnson apane chaacha, shaahi nausena adhikaari peater vaaran dwara kharidi gaee ack sampatti kaa prabandhan karane key liye newyork praant chaley gaye, joe mohock key kshetra mein sthit thaa, joe eroquois leag key chhah deshon mein seey ack thaa, yaa "haudenosuni". johnson ney mohock bhasha aur eroquois reeti-rivaajon koo seekha, aur unhein eroquois kaa british agent niyukt kiya gayaa. apani safalata key kaaran, unhein 1756 mein sabhi uttari upaniveshon key liye bhaaratiya mamalon key british adheekshak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. eroquis key beach ack british adhikaari key roop mein apane poore currier key dauran, johnson ney aadhikarik kootneeti key saath vyaktigat vyavasaay koo jodaa, hajaaron ekad mool bhoomi kaa adhigrahan kiya aur bahut ameer bunn gaye.
johnson ney europe mein francisi aur bhaaratiya yuddh key dauran francisi aur unake sahyogiyon key khilaf eroquois aur aupaniveshik milicia balon kii kamaan sambhali, joe saat saal key yuddh (1754-1763) kaa uttari americi rangmanch thaa. 1755 mein lake george kii ladaai mein british jeet mein unaki bhoomika ney unhein newyork kaa baronetsy arjit kiya. 1759 mein francisi seey niyagra kille parr unake kabje ney unhein atirikt prasiddh kiya. 1756 seey 1774 mein apani mrityu taka uttari jile key liye bhaaratiya mamalon key british adheekshak key roop mein seva karate hue, johnson ney americi bhaartiyon koo british hiton seey judey rakhane key liye kaam kiya. dakshini upaniveshon key liye johnson key samkaksh johnn stuart they.
praarambhik jeevan aur currier.
villium johnson kaa janm 1715 key aspas ireland key raajya mein county maith mein huaa thaa. vaha smithstowne, company key christopher johnson (1687-1764) key sabse badey bete they. maith aur annie vaaran, warrenstowne, saha key michael vaaran kii betty. maith aur catherine elmer, admiral mattheau elmer kii bahan, 1st bairan elmer.
unaki maan annie ack "puraane angreji" catholic kuleen parivaar seey theen, jinhone pichhali peedhiyon mein, protestant angreji upaniveshvadiyon key liye apani sthiti kaa adhikansh hissa khou diyaa thaa. christopher johnson county aarmagh key kuchh rajvansh key oh 'neel key vanshaj they. villium johnson key daadaa koo mool roop seey villium mcshane key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, lekin unhone apana upnaam badalkar "johnson" curr liya, joe gallic "mack seane" kaa angrejeekaran thaa. kuchh praarambhik jeevanikaron ney villium johnson koo ireland mein garibi mein rahane key roop mein chitrit kiya, lekin aadhunik adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii unakaa parivaar ack aramdayak, aggar mamuli, jeevan shally vyateet kartaa thaa. halanki johnson parivaar kaa jacobism kaa itihas rhaa haye, villium johnson key chaacha peater vaaran koo ack protestant key roop mein paalaa gayaa thaa taaki vaha british shaahi nausena mein apana currier banaa sakein. unhone kaafee safalata hassil kii, raaste mein dhana praapt kiya.
ack catholic key roop mein, villium johnson key paas british samrajya key sansthanon mein unnati key seemit avsar they. kabhi bhee vishesh roop seey dhaarmik naheen, johnson ney british america mein apane chaacha key liye kaam karane kaa avsar dene parr protestantwad mein parivartit hoe gaye.
upaniveshon mein aapravaasan.
peater vaaran ney newyork praant mein mohock nadee key dakshin kii or avikasit bhoomi kaa ack badaa hissa kharida thaa. vaaran ney johnson koo vahaan ack basti sthaapit karane key prayaas kaa netritva karane key liye aashvast kiya, jise warrensberg key roop mein jaanaa jaayega, iss nihit samajh key saath kii johnson koo adhikansh bhoomi kaa uttaradhikari milega. johnson lagbhag 1738 mein baarah ayrish protestant parivaaron key saath pahunche aur bhoomi koo khaali karna shuru curr diyaa. unhone bhaari shram key liye african daason koo kharida; way johnson dwara khareede gaye kaee daason mein seey pahale they.
vaaran ney johnson koo americi bhaartiyon, badey paimaane parr mohock aur eroquis key chhah deshon mein seey anya, joe albany key paschim kshetra mein prabhutva rakhate they, key saath vyaapaar mein shamil honey kaa irada kiya. johnson ney jald hii pataa lagaaya kii vyaapaar maarg uttar kii or they, joe warrensberg seey nadee key vipareet disha mein they. 1739 mein, apani pahal parr kaam karate hue, johnson ney nadee key uttar kii or ack ghar aur chhota saa khet kharida, jahan unhone ack dukaan aur ack aaraa mill banaai. iss sthaan seey, jise unhone "mount johnson" kahaa thaa, johnson albany key bhaaratiya vyaapaar mein katauti karane mein saksham they. unhone una vyapariyon koo maal kii aapoorti kii joe fort oswego kii or jaa rahey they, aur jaba way nadee seey neeche laut aae tou unase farr khareede. unhone seedhe newyork shahar key vyapariyon key saath vyavhaar kiya, iss prakaar albany mein bichauliyon seey bachate they. albeny vyaapaari gusse mein they, aur vaaran iss baat seey khush naheen they kii unakaa bhatija swatantra hoe rhaa thaa.
johnson eroquois leag key chhah deshon key sabse purvi rashtra mohock key saath nikatata seey judey hue they. jaba taka johnson pahunche, taba taka unaki aabaadi 580 vyaktiyon taka gir gaee thee, kyonki europeeya logon dwara anajaane mein pesh kii gaee purani sankraamak beemaariyaan aur aakarshak beaver vyaapaar seey sambandhit pratispardhi janjaatiyon key saath yuddh. mohock ney socha kii johnson key saath ack gathbandhan british shaahi pranali mein apane hiton koo aage badhaa sakata haye. 1742 key aspas, unhone unhein ack maanad sanskar, yaa nagrik pramukh key roop mein apanaaya, aur unhein "waragiaje" naam diyaa, jiska unhone anuvaad "ack aise vyakti key roop mein kiya joe mahaan cheejen kartaa haye.
raajaa george kaa yuddh.
1744 mein, austriyai uttaradhikar kaa yuddh aupaniveshik america mein fail gayaa, jahan ise king george key yuddh key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. mohock key saath apane ghanishth sambandhon key kaaran, 1746 mein johnson koo british aupaniveshik sarkaar dwara nyu york key agent key roop mein eroquis key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, joe albany-adharit bhaaratiya ayukton kii jagah leey rhaa thaa. navanirmit "chhah rashtron key yoddhaon key curnell" koo francisi key khilaf abhiyaan key liye upaniveshvadiyon aur bhaartiyon koo soochibaddh karane aur lais karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa. eroqui yoddhaon kii bharti karna mushkil thaah 1701 key tathaakathit bhavya samjhaute key baad seey, eroqui rashtron ney france aur grate britten key beach aupaniveshik yuddhon mein tatasthata kii neeti banaae rakhee thee. mohock pramukh hendrick theyanogin key saath kaam karate hue, johnson ney british paksh mein ladane key liye mohock yoddhaon kii bharti kii.
johnson ney chhote chhaape dall aayojit kiye, jinhen francisi aur unake bhaaratiya sahyogiyon kii bastiyon key khilaf bheja gayaa thaa. 1747 key newyork key scalp act key anusaar, johnson ney scalp key liye inam kaa bhugtan kiya, halanki unhone mahsoos kiya kii isase sabhi umr aur donon lingon key gair-ladaakon koo scalp karane mein madad millie. juuna 1748 mein, johnson koo "nyu york lavies key curnell" key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, ack aisee sthiti jisane unhein albany mein aupaniveshik senaaon key liye atirikt jimmedaari dee. julaai 1748 mein, ack shaanti samjhaute kii baat praapt hui. yuddh mein mohock koo bhaari hatahaton kaa saamana karna padaa thaa, jisase kuchh samay key liye unake beach johnson kii pratishtha cumm hoe gaee thee.
1748 mein, johnson ney mount johnson seey nadee key oopar ack nayaa patthar kaa ghar banaaya, jise fort johnson key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. jaba agala yuddh nikat aaya tou ghar koo majbooti seey majboot kiya gayaa thaa. 1755 mein, johnson ney british aur eroquois key beach rajanyik parishadon key liye praathamik baithak sthaan koo albany seey fort johnson mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. unhone newyork shahar kii apani vyaavsaayik yaatraon parr rukane key liye shenectedy aur albany mein ghar bhee khareede.
king george key yuddh key baad, johnson pratidvandi newyork raajneetik guton key beach funce gaye. ack gutt kaa netritva governor george clinton ney kiya thaa, jinhone johnson koo newyork kaa bhaaratiya agent niyukt kiya thaa aur 1750 mein unhein governor kii parishad mein niyukt kiya thaa. governor clinton ney newyork vidhansabha seey johnson key yuddh key bakaaya kharchon koo chukaane kaa aagrah kiya, joe kii £2,000 kii raashi thee. punarbhugataan koo clinton key raajneetik pratidvandiyon dwara avaruddh curr diyaa gayaa thaa, leftinent governor james dee lancy key netritva mein ack gutt, joe albany indian ayukton seey judaa thaa, jinhen johnson ney pratisthaapit kiya thaa. dee lancy admiral peater vaaran key behnoi bhee they, jisane johnson aur vaaran key beach sambandhon mein tanaav koo badhaa diyaa.
ack naraj johnson ney 1751 mein newyork key bhaaratiya aayukt key roop mein istifa dey diyaa. jaba julaai 1752 mein vaaran kii mrityu hoe gaee, tou unhone apani vaseeyat mein johnson key liye kuchh naheen chhoda. halanki vaaran kii mrityu ack bahut hii ameer vyakti key roop mein hui thee, lekin apani vaseeyat mein unhone johnson seey vaaran kii bhoomi koo basaate samay kiye gaye kharchon koo chukaane kii aavashyakta thee.
francisi aur bhaaratiya yuddh.
juuna 1753 mein, hendrick teyanogin aur mohock key ack pratinidhimandal ney newyork shahar kii yatra kii, jahan unhone governor clinton koo ghoshana kii kii vaacha shrinkhala-british aur eroquois key beach rajanyik sambandh-toot gayaa thaa. british sarkaar ney clinton koo 1754 kii albany congress bulaane kaa adesh diyaa taaki vaacha shrinkhala kii marammat kii jaa sakey. congress mein, mohock ney jore dekar kahaa kii gathbandhan kewal tabhi bahaal kiya jaayega jaba johnson koo unake agent key roop mein bahaal kiya jaae.
agale varsh bhaaratiya agent key roop mein johnson kii bahaali aaee, jaise hii francisi aur bhaaratiya yuddh, saat saal key yuddh kaa uttar americi rangmanch, badh rhaa thaa. 1755 mein, mejar general edward braddock, jinhen british yuddh key prayaas koo nirdeshit karane key liye uttari america bheja gayaa thaa, ney johnson koo eroquois key liye apana agent niyukt kiya. halanki johnson key paas sainya anubhav bahut cumm thaa, unhein ack pramukh general key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa aur unhein crown point parr francisi kille key khilaf ack abhiyaan kaa netritva karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa. unake sanic upaniveshon dwara bhugtan kiye jaane vaale praantiya sanic they, naa kii british senaa key niyamit sanic, jiska arth thaa kii unhein abhiyaan kaa ayojan karate samay chhah alag-alag aupaniveshik sarkaaron seey nipatna padaa.
johnson key paas shuru mein lagbhag 5,000 upanivesh they, lekin massachusets key governor general villium sherley ney fort niyagra mein ack saath abhiyaan kaa netritva karane key liye niyukt kiya, johnson key kuchh logon aur sansadhanon koo francisi post key khilaf apane abhiyaan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. tanaav badh gayaa kyonki donon generalon ney sthaaniya sahyogiyon kii bharti mein ack-dusare key khilaf kaam kiya. vivaad asamanya kamaan sanrachana seey jatil thaah braddock key dusare-inn-kamaand key roop mein, general sherley johnson key varishth adhikaari they, lekin jaba bhaaratiya mamalon kii baat aatee haye, tou johnson saiddhaantik roop seey prabhaari they. samay key saath, sherley apane abhiyaan kii viphalata key liye johnson dwara unhein paryaapt bhaaratiya samarthan pradaan karane seey incar karane koo doshi thaharaayenge. johnson key jeevanikaar milton hamilton key anusaar, itihaskaron ney aamtaur parr johnson koo sherley key saath vivaad mein anuchit tareeke seey kaam karane key roop mein chitrit kiya, lekin hamilton ney tark diyaa kii johnson sherley kii vikrit bhaaratiya kootneeti parr pratikriya dey rahey they, jisane chhah deshon key saath british sambandhon koo nuksan pahunchaaya.
crown point abhiyaan.
agast 1755 mein, johnson ney apane raajaa key sammaan mein lake doo sent-ekad kaa naam badalkar lake george curr diyaa. 8 sitambar 1755 koo, johnson kii senaa ney jheel george kii ladaai mein apani jameen parr kabja curr liya. johnson ack gend seey ghayal hoe gaye they joe unake koolhe yaa jaangh mein unake baaki jeevan key liye rahane vaali thee. johnson key mohock sahayogi hendrick theyanogin yuddh mein maare gaye aur francisi commander bairan diascou koo pakad liya gayaa. johnson ney mohock koo ghayal daayakaau koo maarne seey roque diyaa, joe ghatana key baad key chitron mein smaarak kiya gayaa thaa.
yuddh ney mukut bindu key khilaf abhiyaan koo samaapt curr diyaa. johnson ney british raksha koo majboot karane key liye george jheel mein villium heinry kille kaa nirmaan kiya. disambar mein, senaa key jeevan seey thakkar, johnson ney ack mejar general key roop mein apane commission seey istifa dey diyaa. general sherley, joe braddock kii mrityu parr commander-inn-cheef bunn gaye they, ney bhaaratiya agent key roop mein johnson key commission koo sanshodhit karane kii maang kii taaki johnson koo unaki kamaan mein rakhaa jaa sakey. lekin sherley koo jald hii governor aur commander-inn-cheef donon key roop mein badal diyaa gayaa, jabaki johnson kaa sitara badh rhaa thaa.
haalaanki george jheel kii ladaai shayed hii ack nirnaayak jeet thee, lekin angrejon koo ack saal key badey jhatake mein ack sainya naayak kii aavashyakta thee, aur johnson vaha aadami bunn gayaa. yeh daavaa kii johnson yuddh kii shuruat mein apane ghaav seey aksham hoe gaye they, aur iss prakaar jeet mein bhaag naheen liya, unhein dee gaee maanyata koo cumm naheen kiya. unaki sevaaon key liye puraskar key roop mein, sansad ney johnson koo 5,000 pound kaa vote diyaa aur king george ney unhein ack baronet banaaya. "itihaaskaar juuliyan gwin ney likhaa, "itani udaartaa seey puraskrit itani tuchchh muthbhed kabhi naheen hui.
janwari 1756 mein, british sarkaar ney johnson koo uttari upaniveshon key liye bhaaratiya mamalon kaa ekmatra adheekshak banaaya. iss sthiti ney unhein bahut prabhaav aur shakti dee, kyonki vaha seedhe landan mein sarkaar koo report karate they aur praantiya sarkaaron dwara niyantrit naheen hotey they, kyonki bhaaratiya vibhaag ack sainya vibhaag thaa. uttari upaniveshon mein sabhi bhaaratiya rashtron mein seey, johnson eroquois chhah rashtron, vishesh roop seey mohak key baare mein sabse adhik jaankaar they, aur sabse nikatata seey judey hue they. adheekshak key roop mein, vaha eroqui koo british kootneeti kaa kendra banaa dega, eroqui sangh kii shakti koo badhaava dega aur yahaan taka kii badhaa-chadhaakar bhee bataayega. johnson ney eroquis kootneeti koo niyantrit karane kii koshish karane kii ack lambi prakriya bhee shuru kii, jisamen "eroquis sangh key navinikaran seey cumm kuchh naheen, kyonki yeh usake kendra mein thaa.
niyagra kille parr kabja.
halanki johnson abb ack british general naheen they, unhone eroquois aur seemant milicia kaa netritva karna jaari rakhaa. agast 1757 mein, francisi dwara kille villium heinry kii gherabandi shuru karane key baad, johnson 180 bhaartiyon aur 1,500 milicia key saath kille edward pahunche. francisi senaa key aakar koo bahut adhik aankate hue, british general daniel web ney kille edward seey kille villium heinry mein ack raahat bull bhejane key khilaf faisala kiya. angrejon koo villium heinry kille koo aatmasamarpan karane key liye majboor honah padaa, jisake baad kaee loga ack kukhyaat narsamhar mein maare gaye. kahaaniyan prasaarit huin kii johnson web key madad naheen bhejane key faisale seey krodhit they, aur unhone apani ghrina vyakt karane key liye web key saamane nagna kapade pahane they.
britishon key liye yuddh buri tarah seey honey key kaaran, johnson koo chhah rashtron kaa samarthan praapt karna mushkil hoe gayaa, joe haarne key kaaran mein shamil honey key liye utsuk naheen they. julaai 1758 mein, vaha nae british commander, general james abercromby key netritva mein ack badey abhiyaan mein bhaag lene key liye 450 yoddhaon koo jutaane mein kamyab rahey. abhiyaan kaa anta abercromby key francisi seey fort carylan lene key vinashkari prayaas key saath huaa. johnson aur unake bhaaratiya sahayak bahut cumm curr sakate they kyonki british senaa ney francisi sthitiyon parr nishfal agrim hamalon mein dhawa boll diyaa.
1758 mein, luisberg, fort frontneck aur fort dukwesne parr kabja karane key saath, yuddh kii gati angrejon key paksh mein sthanantarit honey luggy. johnson adhik eroquois yoddhaon kii bharti karane mein saksham they. 1759 kii garmiyon mein, unhone niyagra kille parr kabja karane key liye general johnn pridox key abhiyaan key hisse key roop mein lagbhag 1,000 eroquis yoddhaon kaa netritva kiya-vyaavhaarik roop seey chhah deshon kii poori sainya taakat. jaba garv koo maar diyaa gayaa, tou johnson ney kamaan sambhali.
unhone laa belle-famil kii ladaai mein ack francisi raahat bull koo harakar kille parr kabja curr liya. johnson koo aamtaur parr iss ghaat kaa netritva karane yaa cumm seey cumm iss ghaat kii yojana banaane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye, lekin itihaaskaar francis jennings ney tark diyaa kii johnson yuddh mein maujood naheen they, aur unhone aadhikarik preshan mein apani bhoomika koo badhaa-chadhaakar bataaya. niyagra kii vijay ney francisi rekha koo mahaan jheelon seey vaapas bhagaa diyaa. ack baar phir, johnson koo ack naayak key roop mein manaaya gayaa, halanki kuchh peshevar sainikon ney unaki sainya kshamataon aur jeet mein eroquis key moolya key baare mein sandeh vyakt kiya. johnson ney british dhwaj key tahat ikattha honey vaale abb taka key sabse badey deshi americi bull kii kamaan sambhali."
johnson ney saat saal key yuddh key antim uttari americi abhiyaan mein general jeffery amherst key saath 1760 mein montrial parr kabja kiya. british key liye nae france key patan key saath, johnson aur unake upa george kroghan ney francisi key poorv bhaaratiya sahyogiyon key saath baatchit karane mein bahut samay bitaaya. 1761 mein, johnson ney kshetriya americi bhaartiyon key saath ack sammelan aayojit karane key liye detroit key liye 1,000 meal (1,600 kimmy) kii ack round trip kii. johnson ney mool nivaasiyon key beach prasaarit british-virodhi afvaahon key baare mein ekatrit pramukhon kaa saamana kiya, aur paschim key british sainya kabje key liye ekmusht pratirodh koo rokane mein kamyab rahey. normand mcleod iss sammelan mein johnson seey mille aur unake saath newyork laut aae. mcleod koo baad mein ontario jheel parr fort oswego key commander key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
yuddh key baad kaa vikas.
francisi aur bhaaratiya yuddh key baad, johnson ney apani bhoomi key vistaar aur sudhaar parr dhyaan kendrit karane kii ummeed kii. disambar 1760 mein, kainjohri key mohock ney johnson koo mohock nadee key lagbhag uttar kaa ack kshetra diyaa. yeh anudan vivadaspad saabit huaa kyonki anya bhoomi sattebaajon ney pahale seey hii aisee bhoomi khareedane key liye licenses praapt curr liye they jise mohock ney bikri key liye jaari kiya thaa, lekin villium ney naheen kiya thaa. 1769 mein, varshon kii chaal-chaal aur pairavi key baad, johnson ney antatah anudan key liye shaahi manjuri praapt kii. yeh una bhoomi key kaee badey kshetron mein seey ack thaa jise johnson ney shaahi bhaaratiya agent key roop mein apani sthiti kaa upayog karke mohock aur eroquois seey praapt kiya thaa. apani mrityu key samay taka, johnson lagbhag jamaa hoe gaye they aur british america mein sabse badey bhoomi maalikon mein seey ack they, jinhen kewal paine aur vaine renseller parivaaron ney peechhe chhod diyaa thaa. itihaaskaar juuliyan gwin key anusaarah
inn sub mein unhone bhaaratiya deshon mein darjanon anya sattebaajon seey alag tareeke seey kaam naheen kiya. way kewal apane karyalaya key madhyam seey unake mahaan laabhon aur bhaartiyon key saath unaki lambi antarangata seey pratishthit they. vaha vaastav mein unake pramukh shoshakon mein seey ack thaa...
1762 mein, johnson ney apane anudan parr, newyork key shenectedy key paschim mein, mohock nadee key uttar mein, johnson shahar kii sthaapana kii. unhone apane bete johnn key naam parr naee basti kaa naam rakhaa, jise mool roop seey johnn kaa shahar kahaa jaataa thaa. vahaan, mukut key kharch parr, unhone safed aur mohak donon bachchon key liye ack muft school kii sthaapana kii.
shahar key baahar, 1763 mein unhone johnson holl kaa nirmaan kiya, jahan way apani mrityu taka rahey. unhone apani vyaapak bhoomi key liye kaee ayrish apravasi kirayedar kisaanon kii bharti kii, aur anivarya roop seey ack samanti jamindar key roop mein rahate they. unhone majdooron key roop mein kaam karane key liye african daason koo bhee kharida, vishesh roop seey apane lakadi key karyon mein. johnson key paas unake liye kaam karane vaale lagbhag 60 gulam they, jisase vaha county mein aur sambhavatah praant mein sabse badaa gulam dhaarak bunn gayaa, jisaki tulanaa americi dakshin mein pramukh bagan maalikon seey kii jaa sakati haye. 1766 mein, johnson ney sent kaa ayojan kiya. patrick kaa lodge, naheen. 4, johnson holl mein ack freemason lodge, aur ise isake master key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. unake bhatije johnson ney 1770 mein iss lodge key malik key roop mein unakaa sthaan liya.
johnson coloney mein anglican church key ack majboot samarthak they. paschimi newyork mein francisi catholic missionaryon key prabhaav kaa mukabala karane key liye, 1769 mein unhone "kainjohri" key mohock key liye ack anglican church key nirmaan key liye bhugtan kiya, ack gaanv jise british "oopari mahal" kahate they. yeh imarat, jise baad mein europeeya-americi mandaliyon dwara upayog kiya gayaa aur jise bhaaratiya mahal church key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, abhee bhee newyork key denube key paas khadee haye. yeh mohak oopari mahal aitihaasik jile kaa hissa haye, joe ack rashtriya aitihaasik sthal haye. 1771 mein, johnson ney sent kaa nirmaan kiya. johnstowne mein johnn kaa episcopal church, lekin jald hii shikayat kii kii yeh "chhota aur bahut kharaab banaa thaa."paanch varshon key bheetar, unhone johnstowne mein badhati hui mandali koo samaayojit karane key liye patthar key ack badey church kaa nirmaan karane kii vyavastha kii. aitihaasik church abhee bhee kaam curr rhaa haye.
pontiac kaa yuddh aur antim varsh.
1763 mein, pontiac kaa yuddh francisi aur bhaaratiya yuddh key baad british neeti key saath mool americi asantosh key parinamswarup huaa. vidroh seey pahale kaee varshon taka, johnson ney general jeffery amherst koo eroquis rajanyik prathaon kaa paalan karane kii salah dee thee, udaaharan key liye, deshi netaaon koo upahaar pradaan karna, ack aisee pratha jise way sammaan kaa ack mahatvapurna saanskritik prateek aur achche sambandhon koo banaae rakhane key liye mahatvapurna maanate they. amherst, jinhone johnson kii salah koo aswikar curr diyaa, koo landan vaapas bulaa liya gayaa aur general thomas gaze dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. amherst key vaapas bulaane seey johnson kii sthiti majboot hui, kyonki bhaartiyon key saath samjhaute kii neeti kii aavashyakta thee, aur yeh johnson kaa kshetra thaa. johnson ney 1766 mein pontiac key saath ack sandhi parr baatchit kii, jisane antatah yuddh koo samaapt curr diyaa.
julaai seey agast 1764 taka, johnson ney lagbhag 2,000 americi bhaartiyon, mukhya roop seey eroquois kii upasthiti mein fort niyagra mein ack sandhi parr baatchit kii. haalaanki adhikansh eroquis yuddh seey baahar rahey they, lekin utpatti nadee ghaati key seneka ney angrejon key khilaf hathiyar uthaaye they, aur johnson ney unhein vaacha shrinkhala gathbandhan mein vaapas laane key liye kaam kiya thaa. johnson ney eroqis koo vidroh mein shamil seneka key khilaf ack yuddh dall bhejane key liye aashvast kiya, lekin anyatha eroqis ney yuddh key prayaas mein utanaa yogdan naheen diyaa jitna johnson ney chaaha thaa.
johnson 1763 kii shaahi ghoshana key prastaavak they, jisamen paschim kii or aupaniveshik vistaar key liye sakht shaahi niyantran aur sanyam kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa. johnson ney 1768 kii fort stanwicks sandhi mein paribhaashit seema key vivaran parr baatchit kii. landan key nirdeshon key khilaf, johnson ney seema koo paschim kii or dhakel diyaa, jisase unhein aur anya bhoomi sattebaajon koo mool roop seey british sarkaar dwara adhikrit bhoomi kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik bhoomi kaa adhigrahan karane mein saksham banaaya. johnson kii unake nirdeshon koo paar karane key liye kadee aalochana kii gaee thee, lekin kaee bhoomi sattebaaj sarkaar mein achchi tarah seey judey hue they, aur vistaarit seema koo khade honey kii anumati dee gaee thee. iss dauran way 1768 mein sadasyata key liye apane chunaav key madhyam seey americi daarshanik samaaj key sadasya bunn gaye.
1770 key dashak mein paschim mein mool americi asantosh badhata rhaa. johnson ney apane antim varshon mein pontiac key yuddh jaise ack aur vidroh koo rokane kaa prayaas kiya. foot dalo aur shasson karo kii neeti kaa paalan karate hue, unhone antar-janjaatiya mool americi gathbandhanon key udbhav koo rokane key liye kaam kiya. unaki antim safalata 1774 mein dunmore key yuddh seey pahale shauni kaa algaav thaa.
shaadi aur parivaar.
apane jivankal mein, johnson ney ack aise vyakti key roop mein pratishtha praapt kii, jinake kaee europeeya aur mool americi mahilaaon key saath kaee bachche they. usa samay, avaidh bachche honey key kaaran purushon koo taba taka bahishkrit naheen kiya jaataa thaa, jaba taka kii way ise wahan curr sakate they aur unakaa samarthan curr sakate they. 20veen shatabdi key ack vidwan ney anuman lagaaya kii johnson key shayed 100 avaidh bachche they, lekin itihaaskaar francis jennings ney tark diyaa kii "jangli kahaaniyon mein koee sachchai naheen haye kii vaha anginat mohak mahilaaon key saath soya thaa."apani vaseeyat mein, johnson ney catherine weisenberg aur molley brant, german aur mohock dwara bachchon koo sweekaar kiya, jinake saath unake deerghakaalik sambandh they. unhone anaam maataon dwara kaee anya bachchon koo sweekaar kiya.
1739 mein, america pahunchane key turant baad, johnson ney catherine weisenberg (see. 1723-1759), palatinate key nirvaachak mandal seey ack german apravasi. vaha mool roop seey ack anubandhit naukar key roop mein coloniyon mein aaee thee, lekin shayed doston yaa rishtedaron kii madad seey bhaag gaee thee. parampara key anusaar, vaha warrensberg key paas ack anya parivaar key liye kaam curr rahee thee jaba johnson ney apane anubandh key shesh hisse koo kharida, shayed shuru mein usey apane ghar kii rakhwali key roop mein seva dene key liye. jabaki aisaa koee record naheen haye kii dampati ney kabhi aupchaarik roop seey shaadi kii, newyork koo usa samay nagrik vivaah licenses yaa pramaan patra dakhil karane kii aavashyakta naheen thee, aur weisenberg johnson kii aam-kaanoon patni theen. dampati key teen gyaat bachche they, jinamen betiyaan nancy aur mairi (polly) aur ack betaa johnn shamil they, jinhen pahale fort hunter mein kewal upnaam weisenberg key tahat naamit kiya gayaa thaa. varishth johnson ney baad mein apane bete johnn key liye johnn johnson key roop mein apani upaadhi aur sampatti key uttaradhikari key roop mein vyavastha kii. surr villium johnson key potey surr addam gorden johnson teesare baronet they, joe apani daadi aine wats key madhyam seey british uttari america key scular, delancy aur vaine courtland parivaaron key vanshaj they.
usee samay, johnson kaa elizabeth brant key saath sambandh thaa, ack mohock mahila jisake dwara unake teen gyaat bachche theh "keghneghtago" yaa brant (1742 mein paida huaa), thomas (1744) aur christian (1745); baad key dou ladakon kii bachpan mein mrityu hoe gaee. 1750 key aspas, johnson kaa ack betaa thaa jiska naam "tagavirunta" thaa, jise ack mohock mahila, sambhavatah margaret brant, elizabeth kii chhoti bahan dwara kainjohri key villium key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. johnson shayed bahanon, susana aur elizabeth wormwood, aur mairi mcgrath naamak ack ayrish mahila key saath bhee ghanishth rahey honge, jinake dwara unaki mairi naam kii ack betty hui thee. mairi, "keghneghtago" (brant), aur "tagavirunta" (villium) koo johnson kii vaseeyat mein viraasat millie.
1759 mein, johnson ney ack mohock mahila, mauli brant key saath ack samanya-kaanoon sambandh shuru kiya, joe johnson holl mein apani shesh jeevan key liye johnson key saath apani patni key roop mein rahati thee. mauli joseph brant kii badee bahan thee, joe chhoti umr mein ghar mein shamil hoe gaee thee. mauli key saath johnson key sambandh ney unhein mohock key saath atirikt prabhaav diyaa. dampati key aathh bachche they, jinn sabhi koo johnson seey unaki vaseeyat seey jameen millie. villium johnson aur mauli brant key potey villium johnson cair they, jinhone joseph brant kii betty aur george crogan aur unaki mohock patniyon kii poti elizabeth brant seey shaadi kii.
mrityu aur viraasat.
11 julaai 1774 koo ack bhaaratiya sammelan key dauran johnson holl mein ack stroke seey johnson kii mrityu hoe gaee. villium key bhatije aur damad (unhone mairi/polly seey shaadi kii thee), johnson ney bataaya kii johnson kii mrityu taba hui jaba vaha "dumm ghutane seey peedit" they."johnstowne mein unake antim sanskar mein 2,000 seey adhik loga shamil hue. unake dharmopadeshakon mein nyu jersey key governor villium franklin aur newyork supreme court key nyayadhish shamil they. unhein sent mein vedi key neeche dafnaya gayaa thaa. johnn kaa episcopal church, vaha church jisaki unhone johnstowne mein sthaapana kii thee. agale dinn chhah rashtron key pramukhon ney shoke samaroh kiya aur johnson koo surr villium key uttaradhikari key roop mein maanyata dee.
americi kranti key dauran, vidrohi newyork vidhaayika ney johnson kii sabhi bhoomi aur sampatti koo jabt curr liya, kyonki unake uttaradhikari wafadar they. 1960 mein johnson holl koo ack rashtriya aitihaasik sthal naam diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh ack naamit raajya aitihaasik sthal haye aur janata key liye khula haye.
johnson kii sabse mahatvapurna viraasat angreji-americi aur bhaaratiya logon kaa tulanaatmak roop seey shantipurna saha-astitva haye, joe british uttari america key liye bhaaratiya agent key roop mein unake karyakal key dauran thaa. ack god liye gaye mohak pramukh aur mohak mairi (mauli) brant key pati key roop mein, eroquois kaanoon key anusaar, vaha ack vishvasaniya salaahkaar aur mohak rashtra key sadasya they. usa sambaddhata key madhyam seey, unhein eroquois key chhah rashtron kaa sadasya maanaa jaataa thaa. usa sthiti ney unhein naa kewal angreji key paksh mein yuddh mein eroquois kaa netritva karane key liye khadaa kiya, balki fort stanwicks (joe aadhunik rome, newyork key roop mein vikasit huaa) kii dou sandhiyon parr baatchit karane key liye bhee khadaa kiya. jabaki sandhiyaan kaee bhaartiyon koo unaki jaankaari key binaa bhoomi seey vanchit curr detee theen, unhone eroqui koo anukool shartein deen, aur isake parinamswarup paaramparik bhaaratiya nivaasiyon aur nae basane vaalon key beach dashakon kii tulanaatmak shaanti bunny.
saha-astitva johnson kii anya pramukh aitihaasik viraasat kaa hissa thaah uttari newyork aur mahaan jheelon key kshetra key francisi niyantran key khilaf ack gadh key roop mein british samprabhuta aur anglo-americi basti kaa sanrakshan. johnson ney vaacha shrinkhala key madhyam seey british-eroquois gathbandhan koo banaae rakhane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, jisane 1763 seey pahale nae france mein pratidvandi algonquin aur francisi hiton key khilaf eroquois aur british kshetriya aur vaanijyik hiton koo samekit kiya. britten dwara mississippi nadee key poorv mein poorv francisi kshetron parr niyantran lene key baad, johnson ney antatah lord jeffery amherst key saath bhaaratiya neeti parr ack raajneetik vivaad jeetaa. unhone eroquis gathbandhan koo napsand kiya thaa, jise johnson ney poshan aur bachaav key liye samarpit curr diyaa thaa. yeh johnson key liye thaa kii pontiac ney antatah sangharsh kii viphalata key baad aatmasamarpan curr diyaa.
purana kilaa johnson, 1749 mein banaaya gayaa unakaa pahala ghar, aitihaasik americi imaraton key sarvekshan parr haye. abb iska upayog montgomeri county aitihaasik samaaj dwara kiya jaataa haye, joe vahaan ack sangrahalaya aur upahaar kii dukaan sanchaalit kartaa haye, saath hii ise ack karyakram sthal honey kii anumati detaa haye. 1773 mein surr villium kii betty mairi (polly) aur usake pati, usake bhatije johnson key liye banaaya gayaa park manner bhee janata key liye khula haye.
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
johnson key sammaan mein "surr bill" (yaa sabhi mahila teams key liye "lady bill") johnson hyee school kaa shubhankar haye. teams key khel key paridhan aksar johnson key sylhoot koo darshaate hain, joe ack tirange kii topi pahane hue hotey hain.
johnson 2012 key video game "hatyare kii panth III mein templer order key ack gupt sadasya key roop mein ack virodhi key roop mein dikhaai dete hain."usey templers dwara mool americi bhoomi koo jabt karane aur niyantrit karane kaa nirdesh diyaa jaataa haye aur pratishodh mein usey khel key mohak naayak dwara maar diyaa jaataa haye. vaha 2014 key video game prekwal "hatyare key panth dusht" mein bhee dikhaai detaa haye jahan vaha khel key naayak, shhey patrick cormack koo sahayogi banaata haye aur margadarshan karane mein madad kartaa haye.
vaha woo ming kii pustak "manituana" mein ack pramukh charitra hain. vaha robbert luis stevenson key upanyaas, "dha master off balantre" (1889) mein bhee dikhaai dete hain.
johnson koo 1990 kii television film "vibhajit wafadari" mein criss wiggins dwara chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1993 kii television film "dha broken chain" mein piers brosnan dwara chitrit kiya gayaa thaa.
johnson koo abhineta jeff monahan dwara pee. bee. aiss. vrittachitra "dha vaar dait meck america" (2006) mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. monahan ney samkaaleen shaaririk nirvaasan kaa adhyayan kiya aur bhoomika key liye uttari ayrish uchchaaran mein baat kii.
"wilderness empire" (1968), ellen doubleu ackert dwara, aitihaasik kathaa key upkaran key madhyam seey johnson kii kahani bataata haye. ackert apane upanyaas koo aitihaasik dastavejon parr adharit kartaa haye, lekin kaalpanik ghatnaaon aur samvaadon kaa bhee nirmaan kartaa haye joe ise ausat paathak key liye sulabh banaate hain.

