
johnn edward broose

johnn edward broose, jise broose gritt yaa jey key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. ee. broose-gritt (22 farwari, 1856-7 agast, 1924), ack americi patrakaar, itihaaskaar, lekhak, vaktaa, nagrik adhikaar karyakarta aur akhil african rashtravadi they. way maryland mein ack gulam key roop mein paida hue they; ack vayask key roop mein, unhone purvi tata key saath kaee samachar patron kii sthaapana kii, saath hii saath newyork mein aitihaasik shodh key liye nigro samaaj kii saha-sthaapana kii.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
broose kaa janm 1856 mein piscutway, maryland mein gulam maataa-pitaa robbert aur martha elen (clark) broose key ghar huaa thaa. jaba vaha teen saal key they, taba unake pitaa koo georgia mein ack gulam dhaarak koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa aur broose ney unhein phir kabhi naheen dekhaa yaa unase kabhi naheen sunaa. vaha aur usaki maan washington bhaag gaye.see. aur baad mein connect karane key liye, jahan broose ney ack ekikrit school mein dakhila liya aur apani pahali aupchaarik shiksha praapt kii. baad mein washington vaapas yatra karate hue, unhone ack niji shiksha praapt kii aur teen maheene key pathyakram key liye howard vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag liya. usake baad, unhone phir kabhi aupchaarik shiksha naheen lii, aur jyaadaatar swayam-shikshit they.
1874 mein, 18 saal kii umr mein, broose ney newyork times key washington karyalaya key sahayogi sampaadak key liye ack doot key roop mein naukari arjit kii. unake kartavyon mein senator charles sumner seey agale dinn key pepper key liye jaankaari praapt karna shamil thaa, joe ack ganarajya thaa jisane african-amerikiyon key liye nagrik adhikaaron kaa samarthan kiya thaa.
carrier.
washington, dee. see. mein, 1879 mein, broose aur charles aine. otale ney "argus saptahik" samachar patra kii sthaapana kii. unhone nirnay liya kii yeh patra "republican party key sachche siddhanton aur nigro americi kii naitik aur bauddhik pragati kaa nidder samarthak hoga."yeh ashwet samudaay mein panapane vaali pariyojanaon kaa samay thaa.
isake baad, broose ney 1880 mein "ravivaar itum" aur 1882 mein "republican" kii sthaapana kii, donon norphoke, virginia mein. unhone 1884 mein baltimore, maryland, "rashtramandal" key sahayogi sampaadak aur vyavasaay prabandhak key roop mein kaary kiya.
usa varsh baad mein, vaha washington laut aae.see. gritt" sthaapit karane key liye. unhone "broose gritt" key apane chhadm naam key tahat washington key "boston transcript", "albany argus", "bhains express", "sandey rajpatra" aur "sandey republic" mein ack bhugtan yogadankarta key roop mein aaya arjit kii.
broose vyakhyan paripath mein bhee pramukh bunn gaye, jisamen linching, dakshini ashweton kii sthiti aur kamjor americi raajneetik pranali koo sambodhit karate hue bhaashan diye gaye joe apane ashwet nagrikon key adhikaaron kii raksha karane mein whiffle rahee. 1890 mein, way karyakarta tii mein shamil hoe gaye. thomas fortune kii african-americi leag, rashtra mein pahala sangathit ashwet nagrik adhikaar samooh. way 1898 mein sangathan key nae adhyaksh baney jaba isane african-americi parishad key roop mein sudhaar kiya.
broose 1900 mein ganarajya kii rashtriya samiti key saahityik beuro key sadasya they.
1908 taka, unhone newyork mein mahaan pravaas kaa anusaran kiya thaa. vahaan, 1908 mein, unhone yonkar, newyork, "saptahik maanak" kii sthaapana kii. 1910 mein shuru karate hue, unhone duce mohammad allie dwara sampaadit landan, ingland key "african samay aur unmukh sameeksha" key liye americi samvaadaata key roop mein kaary kiya. yonkers mein, unhone 1910 mein ack pariveeksha adhikaari key roop mein bhee kaam kiya.
sashastr aatmaraksha parr sthiti.
americi punarnirmaan yug key dauran aur usake baad, kaee ashwet netaaon ney samajik parivartan key liye ahinsak ranneetiyon kaa samarthan kiya. linching key badhate mamalon aur kanuni algaav key adhiropan seey stabdh, broose ney naslavaadi hamalon key khilaf sashastr aatmaraksha kaa samarthan kiya. unhein yeh kahate hue uddhrit kiya gayaa haih "vaha vyakti joe apani patni aur bachchon kii suraksha key liye naheen ladegaa...vaha ack kaayar haye aur usake saath buraa vyavhaar kiya jaanaa chaahiye. joe vyakti apana jeevan apane haath mein letaa haye aur joe vaha sahee jaanata haye usake liye khadaa hotaa haye, vaha hamesha apane dushman kaa sammaan karega."unhone sangathit pratirodh key liye sangathit pratirodh kaa samarthan kiya."
baad mein currier.
harlem aur yonkers mein, broose buddhijiviyon key ubharate samudaay key saath shamil hoe gaye, jisamen carribean seey nae aae apravasi bhee shamil they. 1911 mein, puerto rico key arther scomberg key saath, unhone aitihaasik anusandhaan key liye nigro samaaj kii sthaapana kii, joe pahale yonkers mein adharit thaa, taaki vidvaanon key prayason kaa samarthan karane key liye ack sansthaan banaaya jaa sakey. pahali baar isane african, paschimi bhaaratiya aur african-americi vidvaanon koo ack saath laaya. yeh baad mein harlem mein malcum aiks bulleward parr black culture, newyork public library mein anusandhaan key liye scomberg kendra kii neenv bunn gaee.
broose sent seey aae yuva pravaasi hubert heinry harrison key liye bhee ack maargdarshak they. crokes joe ashwet samaajvaad aur ashwet raashtravaad mein prabhaavshaali bunn gaye.
sanyukt raajya america mein ashweton key liye ack swatantra rashtriya bhaagya mein broose key vishvaas ney unhein 1919 key aspas kii avadhi mein jamaikan marcus garve key paine-african raashtravaad koo apanaane key liye prerit kiya. garve key saarvbhaumik nigro sudhaar sangh (yuu. aine. aaee.) key sadasya key roop mein, broose ney andolan key "nigro duniya" aur "dainik nigro samay" key liye likhaa.
apani utpaadaktaa key bavjood, broose ney paaya kii khud koo banaae rakhane key liye unake paas apane adhikansh vayask jeevan key liye newyork pradhikaran key bandargah key liye kaam karna thaa. 1922 mein sevaanivritt honey key baad, unhein dou saal baad newyork shahar key belview aspatal mein apani mrityu taka ack chhoti see pension millie.
broose koo 10 agast, 1924 koo newyork shahar key unia liberty holl mein ack prabhaavshaali raajkeeya antim sanskar diyaa gayaa thaa aur yonkers mein oakland kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa thaa. usa dinn unhein sammaanit karate hue aayojit teen sevaaon mein 5,000 seey adhik loga shamil hue.
broose ack rajkumar holl messon they, joe african redemption key maanviya adesh aur landan key african samaaj key sadasya they, joe abb shaahi african samaaj haye.
shaadi aur parivaar.
broose ney florence aeye seey shaadi kii. cleveland, ohiyo key bishap, 10 sitambar, 1885 koo washington, dee. see. mein.
sandarbh.
patrikaaen
sangrah