chehare kii dhaarana

chehare kii dhaarana ack vyakti kii chehare kii samajh aur vyakhya haye. yahaan, dhaarana chetna kii upasthiti kaa tatparya haye aur isaliye swachaalit chehare kii pehchaan pranali koo baahar karati haye. haalaanki chehare kii pehchaan anya prajaatiyon mein paaee jaati haye, yeh lekh manushyon mein chehare kii dhaarana parr kendrit haye.
chehare kii visheshtaon kii dhaarana samajik sangyaan kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye. chehare seey ekatra kii gaee jaankaari logon koo ack-dusare kii pehchaan, way kyaa soch rahey hain aur mahsoos curr rahey hain, unake karyon kaa anuman lagaane, unaki bhaavanaon koo pahchaanane, sambandh banaane aur shaaririk bhasha key madhyam seey samvaad karane mein madad karati haye. chehare kii pehchaan vikasit karna jatil samajik nirmaan key liye ack aavashyak nirmaan khand haye. pehchaan, manodasha, umr, ling aur nasl koo samajhane mein saksham honey seey loga ack dusare key saath baatchit karane key tareeke koo dhaalane mein saksham hotey hain, aur hamaare aspas key parivesh koo samajhate hain.
halanki chehare kii dhaarana koo mukhya roop seey drishya sevan seey utpann maanaa jaataa haye, adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii andhe paida honey vaale loga bhee binaa drishti key chehare kii dhaarana seekh sakate hain. adhyayanon ney cheharon koo samajhane key liye ack vishesh tantra kii dhaarana kaa samarthan kiya haye.
avalokan.
vayask chehare kii dhaarana mein shamil prakriyaon key baare mein siddhant kaafee hudd taka dou sroton seey aae hain; samanya vayask chehare kii dhaarana parr shodh aur chehare kii dhaarana mein haani kaa adhyayan joe mastishk kii chot yaa tantrika sambandhi bimari key kaaran hotaa haye.
broose aur yuva model.
chehare kii dhaarana key sabse vyaapak roop seey sweekrit siddhanton mein seey ack kaa tark haye kii chehare koo samajhane mein kaee charan shamil hainh vyakti key baare mein vivaran praapt karane key liye samvedi jaankaari parr buniyaadi avdhaaranaatmak herfer seey (jaise umr, ling yaa aakarshan), unake naam aur vyakti key kissy bhee praasangik pichhale anubhavon jaise saarthak vivaranon koo yaad karane mein saksham honah.
1986 mein viki broose aur andreau young dwara vikasit iss model mein tark diyaa gayaa haye kii chehare kii dhaarana mein swatantra upa-prakriyaaen shamil hain joe ack saath kaam karati hain.
mastishk kii dardanaak chot aur tantrika sambandhi bimari.
mastishk kshati key baad, chehare gambhir roop seey vikrit dikhaai dey sakate hain. vibhinn prakaar key vikritiyaan hoe sakati hain-visheshataaen gir sakati hain, badee hoe sakati hain, malin hoe sakati hain, yaa puuraa chehra sir key saapeksh sthanantarit dikhaai dey sakata haye. iss sthiti koo prosopometamorphosy (pee. aim. oh.) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. report kiye gaye aadhe mamalon mein, vikritiyaan chehare key baaen yaa daaen taraf taka seemit hoti hain, aur pee. aim. oh. key iss roop koo hemmy-prosopometamorphosy (hemmy-pee. aim. oh.) kahaa jaataa haye. hemmy-pee. aim. oh. aksar ghaavon seey splanium taka hotaa haye, joe daahine aur baaen golardh koo jodata haye. report kiye gaye mamalon key dusare aadhe mein, chehare key donon taraf kii visheshtaen vikrit dikhaai detee hain.
chehare key bhaavon koo samajhane mein mastishk key kaee kshetra shamil hoe sakate hain, aur mastishk key kuchh hisson koo nuksan pahunchaane seey chehare koo samajhane kii kshamata mein vishisht haani hoe sakati haye. jaisa kii pahale kahaa gayaa haye, mastishk kii chot yaa tantrika sambandhi bimari key kaaran honey vaali haani parr shodh ney sangyanatmak prakriyaon kii hamari samajh vikasit karane mein madad kii haye. prosopagnosia (chehare koo pahchaanane mein ack haani joe aamtaur parr mastishk kii chot key kaaran hoti haye) kaa adhyayan yeh samajhane mein vishesh roop seey sahayak rhaa haye kii samanya chehare kii dhaarana kaise kaam curr sakati haye. prosopagnosia vaale vyakti chehare koo samajhane kii apani kshamataon mein bhinn hoe sakate hain, aur inn matbhedon kii jaanch seey pataa chalata haye kii kaee charan siddhant sahee hoe sakate hain.
mastishk imaging adhyayan aamtaur parr asthaayi lobe key ack kshetra mein bahut adhik gatividhi dikhaate hain jise fuciform gyrus key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack aisaa kshetra jise kshatigrast honey parr prosopagnosia kaa kaaran bhee jaanaa jaataa haye (vishesh roop seey jaba donon taraf kshati hoti haye). iss sakshya ney iss kshetra mein ack vishesh ruchi paida kii haye aur ise kabhi-kabhi usa kaaran seey "fuciform faces eriya" (aff. aff. aeye.) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
yeh dhyaan rakhna mahatvapurna haye kii mastishk key kuchh kshetra chehare key prati chuninda roop seey pratikriya karate hain, chehare key prasanskaran mein kaee tantrika network shamil hotey hain jinamen drishya aur bhaavnaatmak prasanskaran pranali shamil hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, prosopagnosia key rogi ack vishesh chehare kii dhaarana tantra key liye tantrika-manovaigyaanik samarthan kaa pradarshan karate hain kyonki inn logon (mastishk kshati key kaaran) key chehare kii dhaarana mein kamee hoti haye, lekin vastuon key baare mein unaki sangyanatmak dhaarana barkarar rahati haye. chehare kaa vyutkram prabhaav ack vishesh tantra kaa vyavhaar samarthan pradaan kartaa haye kyonki logon koo ack ulte chehare parr pratikriya karane key liye prerit karane parr kaary pradarshan mein adhik kamee hoti haye.
electrophysiological samarthan iss khoj seey aataa haye kii n170 aur m170 pratikriyaaen chehare-vishisht hoti hain. paltu janwar aur fmri adhyayanon jaise neuro-imaging adhyayanon ney ack vishesh chehare key prasanskaran tantra key liye samarthan dikhaaya haye kyonki unhone fuciform gyrus key kshetron kii pehchaan kii haye joe anya drishya dhaarana karyon kii tulanaa mein chehare kii dhaarana karyon key dauran adhik sakriyan rakhate hain. vayask chehare kii dhaarana mein shamil prakriyaon key baare mein siddhant kaafee hudd taka dou sroton seey aae hainh samanya vayask chehare kii dhaarana parr shodh aur chehare kii dhaarana mein haani kaa adhyayan joe mastishk kii chot yaa tantrika sambandhi bimari key kaaran hotaa haye. nae optical bhram jaise kii chamakate chehare key viroopan prabhaav, jisamen vaigyaanik ghatana vigyaan tantrika sambandhi siddhant koo pachhaad detaa haye, anusandhaan key liye kshetra bhee pradaan kartaa haye.
chehare kii bhavna prasanskaran mein kathinaaiyaan mastishk kii dardanaak chot vaale vyaktiyon mein bhee dekhi jaa sakati hain, donon mein failati akshatantu kii chot aur kendra mastishk kii chot.
praarambhik vikas.
kaee adhyayanon key bavjood, koee vyaapak roop seey sweekrit samay-seema naheen haye jisamen ausat maanav chehare koo samajhane kii kshamata vikasit kartaa haye.
anya vastuon seey chehare koo samajhane kii kshamata.
kaee adhyayanon mein paaya gayaa haye kii shishu apane drishya kshetra mein cheharon parr adhimaantah dhyaan denge, joe darshaata haye kii way anya vastuon seey cheharon koo samajh sakate hain.
chehare parr bhavna kaa pataa lagaane kii kshamata.
lagbhag saat maheene kii umr mein, shishu bhaavanaon seey chehare koo samajhane kii kshamata dikhaate hain. haalaanki, kyaa unhone poori tarah seey vikasit bhavna pehchaan kii haye, yeh spasht naheen haye. chehare key bhaavon mein drishya antar koo samajhana ack vishesh bhavna kii sanyojakta koo samajhane key liye alag haye.
parichit cheharon koo pahchaanane kii kshamata.
yeh spasht naheen haye kii manushyon mein kaba parichit cheharon koo pahchaanane kii kshamata vikasit hoti haye. adhyayanon key alag-alag parinam hotey hain, aur yeh kaee karakon parr nirbhar curr sakata haye (jaise kii ack nishchit samay avadhi key dauran vishesh cheharon key nirantar sampark mein rehna).
chehare kii 'nakal' karane kii kshamata.
ack aam taur parr vivaadit vishay vaha umr haye jiss parr humm chehare key bhaavon kii nakal curr sakate hain.
neuroenatomy.
mastishk key pramukh kshetra.
chehare kii dhaarana kaa mastishk mein neuroenatomical sahsambandh haye.
fuciform faces eriya (bee. aeye. 37-broadman eriya 37) paarshv fuciform gyrus mein sthit haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh kshetra chehare key samagr prasanskaran mein shamil haye aur yeh chehare key hisson kii upasthiti key saath-saath inn hisson key vinyas key prati samvedansheel haye. chehare kaa safal pataa lagaane aur pehchaan key liye fuciform chehra kshetra bhee aavashyak haye. yeh aff. aim. aar. aaee. sakriyan aur prosopagnosia parr adhyayan dwara samarthit haye, jisamen fuciform chehare key kshetra mein ghaav shamil hain.
pashch mukh kshetra nimn pashch mukh gyrus mein sthit haye. fuciform faces eriya key samaan, yeh kshetra safal chehare kaa pataa lagaane aur pehchaan key dauran bhee sakriya haye, ack khoj joe aff. aim. aar. aaee. aur megg sakriyan dwara samarthit haye. mukh key baahari bhaagon key vishleshan mein mukh kaa baahari bhaag shamil aur aavashyak haye, lekin chehare key hisson key antaral yaa vinyas mein naheen. isase pataa chalata haye kii mukh kshetra key baahari hisse koo chehare key prasanskaran key charan mein shamil kiya jaa sakata haye joe fuciform chehare key kshetra key prasanskaran seey pahale hotaa haye.
behtar laukik sulcus chehare key hisson kii pehchaan mein shamil haye aur inn hisson key vinyas key prati samvedansheel naheen haye. yeh bhee socha jaataa haye kii yeh kshetra nazaron kii dhaarana mein shamil haye. behtar laukik sulcus ney nazar kii disha mein bhaag lete samay sakriyan mein vriddhi kaa pradarshan kiya haye.
chehare kii dhaarana key dauran, vishesh roop seey uparokt teen kshetron mein, baahari kshetron mein pramukh gatividhiyaan hoti hain. ack ulte maanav chehare koo samajhane mein nimnatar laukik prantstha mein gatividhi mein vriddhi shamil hoti haye, jabaki ack galat tareeke seey sanrekhit chehare koo samajhane mein pashchavarti prantstha mein gatividhi mein vriddhi shamil hoti haye. kutte key chehare koo dekhane parr koee parinam naheen milaa, joe maanav chehare key liye ack vishisht prakriya kaa sujhaav detaa haye. aam taur parr inn sabhi vishesh chehare key kshetron mein dweepaksheeya sakriyan dikhaaya jaataa haye. haalaanki, kuchh adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii ack taraf dusare kii tulanaa mein sakriyan mein vriddhi hui haih udaaharan key liye, jatil sthitiyon mein chehare key prasanskaran key liye sahee fuciform gyrus adhik mahatvapurna haye.
bolled fmri mapping aur fuciform faces eriya.
adhikansh fmri adhyayan rakt oxygen star parr nirbhar (bolled) contrast kaa upayog karate hain taaki yeh nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakey kii mastishk key kaun seey kshetra vibhinn sangyanatmak karyon dwara sakriya hain.
ack adhyayan mein mastishk mein sakriyan kii pehchaan karane key liye bolled fmri maanchitran kaa upayog kiya gayaa jaba vishay donon kaaron aur cheharon koo dekhate hain. unhone paaya kii pashch mukh kshetra, pashch mukh kshetra, uchchatar laukik sulcus, amigdala aur tatkalik lobe key poorv/nimn aachchaadan sabhi ney kaaron key vipareet chehare mein bhoomika nibhai, jisamen praarambhik chehare kii dhaarana fuciform chehare kshetra aur pashch mukh kshetron mein shuru hui. yeh puuraa kshetra ack aisaa network banaata haye joe chehare koo alag karane kaa kaam kartaa haye. mastishk mein chehare key prasanskaran koo "bhaagon key yog" dhaarana key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
haalaanki, sabhi tukadon koo ack saath rakhane key liye chehare key alag-alag hisson koo pahale sansaadhit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. praarambhik prasanskaran mein, pashch mukh kshetra aankho, naak aur munh koo alag-alag tukadon key roop mein pahchankar chehare kii dhaarana mein yogdan detaa haye.
shodhkartaon ney mastishk mein sakriyan key pattern koo nirdhaarit karane key liye bolled fmri maanchitran kaa bhee upayog kiya jaba chehare key hisson koo sanyojan mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa aur jaba unhein ekal roop seey prastut kiya gayaa thaa. pashch mukh kshetra chehare kii ekal visheshtaon kii drishya dhaarana dwara sakriya hotaa haye, udaaharan key liye, naak aur munh, aur anya sanyojanon parr dou-aankho key pasandida sanyojan. isase pataa chalata haye kii pashch mukh kshetra pehchaan key shuruati charanon mein chehare key hisson koo pahachaantaa haye.
isake vipareet, fuciform faces kshetra ekal visheshtaon key liye koee vareeyata naheen dikhaata haye, kyonki fuciform faces kshetra "samagr/vinyas" jaankaari key liye jimmedaar haye, jiska arth haye kii yeh baad mein prasanskaran mein chehare key sabhi sansaadhit tukadon koo ack saath rakhta haye. yeh ack adhyayan dwara samarthit haye jisamen paaya gayaa kii chehare key abhivinyas kii parwah kiye binaa, vishay vyaktigat chehare kii visheshtaon key vinyas seey prabhaavit they. una visheshtaon key beach sambandhon key coding seey bhee vishay prabhaavit hue they. yeh darshaata haye kii prasanskaran pehchaan key baad key charanon mein bhaagon key yog dwara kiya jaataa haye.
fuciform gyrus aur emigdala.
fuciform jairi chehare key liye adhimaantah uttardaayi hotey hain, jabaki parahypocample/bhashai jairi imaraton key liye uttardaayi hotey hain.
jabaki kuchh kshetra cheharon key liye chuninda roop seey pratikriya karate hain, chehare key prasanskaran mein drishya aur bhaavnaatmak prasanskaran pranaliyon sahit kaee tantrika network shamil hotey hain. tatasth cheharon kii tulanaa mein bhaavanaon koo pradarshit karane vaale cheharon (vishesh roop seey chehare key bhaavon key saath) koo dekhate samay daahine fuciform gyrus mein gatividhi badh jaati haye. yeh badhee hui gatividhi usee sthiti mein badhee hui amigdala gatividhi key saath bhee sambandhit haye. fuciform gyrus mein dekhe gaye bhaavnaatmak prasanskaran prabhaav emigdala ghaavon vaale rogiyon mein cumm hoe jaate hain. yeh amigdala aur chehare key prasanskaran kshetron key beach sambandhon koo pradarshit kartaa haye.
chehare kii parichitata fuciform gyrus aur emigdala sakriyan koo bhee prabhaavit karati haye. samaan chehare key ghatakon dwara sakriya kaee kshetra ingit karate hain kii chehare kii prasanskaran ack jatil prakriya haye. precunus aur cunus mein mastishk sakriyan mein vriddhi aksar taba hoti haye jaba dou cheharon kaa antar aasaan hotaa haye (rishtedaar aur parichit gair-rishtedaar chehare) aur parichit visheshtaon vaale cheharon key drishya prasanskaran key liye pashch madhya star kii bhoomika (ack bhaai key saath ausat chehare).
vastu roop topology parikalpana vastu aur chehare key prasanskaran key liye tantrika substrate key ack topological sangathan koo prastut karati haye. haalaanki, asahamati haih shreni-vishisht aur prakriya-maanchitra model chehare key prasanskaran key tantrika aadhar key liye adhikansh anya prastaavit model koo samaayojit curr sakate hain.
chehare key prasanskaran key liye adhikansh neuroenatomical substrate madhya mastishk dhamani dwara paripurna hotey hain. isaliye, madhya mastishk dhamniyon mein madhyam mastishk rakt pravaah wegg key maap kaa upayog karke chehare key prasanskaran kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa haye. chehare kii pehchaan key karyon key dauran, baain kii tulanaa mein daahine madhya mastishk dhamani mein adhik parivartan hotey hain. chehare key prasanskaran karyon key dauran purush daaen-pakshiya aur mahilaaen baaen-pakshiya hotey hain.
jiss tarah smriti aur sangyanatmak kaary bachchon aur vayaskon kii cheharon koo pahchaanane kii kshamataon koo alag karate hain, usee tarah chehare kii parichitata bhee cheharon kii dhaarana mein ack bhoomika nibha sakati haye. chehare kii pehchaan key samay koo nirdhaarit karane key liye mastishk mein ghatana-sambandhit kshamataon kii recording seey pataa chalaa kii parichit chehare ack majboot majboot dwara ingit kiye jaate hain, ack vishisht tarang dairdhya pratikriya joe cheharon kii drishya smriti mein ack bhoomika nibhaati haye. isi tarah, sabhi chehare mastishk mein n170 pratikriya praapt karate hain.
mastishk koo kissy bhee maanav chehare koo kootbaddh karane key liye kewal ~ 50 neurons kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jisamen 50-ayami "chehare kii jagah" mein vyaktigat akshon (neurons) parr chehare kii visheshtaon koo prakshepit kiya jaataa haye.
sangyanatmak tantrika vigyaan.
sangyanatmak tantrika vigyaani isabelle gauthier aur michael taar iss drishtikon key dou pramukh samarthak hain kii chehare kii pehchaan mein samaan vastuon kaa visheshagya bhedbhaav shamil haye (avdhaaranaatmak visheshagyata network dekhein). anya vaigyaanik, vishesh roop seey nancy kanvishar aur unake sahyogiyon kaa tark haye kii chehare kii pehchaan mein aisee prakriyaaen shamil hain joe chehare-vishisht hain aur jinhen anya vastu vargon mein visheshagya bhedbhaav dwara bharti naheen kiya jaataa haye (domen vishishtata dekhein).
gauthier dwara kiye gaye adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii mastishk kaa ack kshetra jise fuciform gyrus key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye (kabhi-kabhi ise fuciform faces eriya kahaa jaataa haye kyonki yeh chehare kii pehchaan key dauran sakriya hotaa haye) taba bhee sakriya hotaa haye jaba adhyayan pratibhagiyon koo vibhinn prakaar key pakshiyon aur kaaron key beach bhedbhaav karane key liye kahaa jaataa haye, aur taba bhee jaba pratibhaagi computer seey utpann murkhtapurna aakaron koo alag karane mein visheshagya bunn jaate hain jinhen gribbles key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. isase pataa chalata haye kii samaan drishya vastuon kii pehchaan mein fuciform gyrus kii samanya bhoomika hoti haye.
gauthier dwara paaee gaee gatividhi jaba pratibhagiyon ney gair-chehare vaali vastuon koo dekhaa tou utani majboot naheen thee jitani kii pratibhagiyon dwara chehare dekhane key dauran thee, haalaanki yeh isaliye hoe sakata haye kyonki hamaare paas adhikansh anya vastuon kii tulanaa mein chehare key liye bahut adhik visheshagyata haye. isake alawa, iss shodh key sabhi nishkarshon koo safaltapurvak dohraya naheen gayaa haye, udaaharan key liye, vibhinn adhyayan designs kaa upayog karane vaale anya shodh samoohon ney paaya haye kii fuciform gyrus chehare key liye vishisht haye aur anya aas-paas key kshetra gair-chehare vaali vastuon seey nipatate hain.
haalaanki, inn nishkarshon kii vyakhya karna mushkil haih pratikriti banaane mein viphalataaen shoonya prabhaav hain aur kaee alag-alag karanon seey hoe sakati hain. isake vipareet, pratyek pratikriti ack vishesh tark mein bahut adhik vajan jodati haye. abb pakshiyon aur kaaron key saath, aur shatranj visheshagyon key saath dou aprakaashit adhyayanon key saath, kaee pratikritiyaan hain.
halanki visheshagyata kabhi-kabhi fuciform chehare key kshetra mein bharti karati haye, ack adhik samanya khoj yeh haye kii visheshagyata fuciform gyrus mein fokal shreni-chayanaatmaktaa kii or leey jaati haye-ack pattern joe poorvavarti karakon aur chehare key liye dekhi jaane vaali tantrika vishishtata key sandarbh mein samaan haye. iss prakaar, yeh ack khula sawal banaa huaa haye kii kyaa chehare kii pehchaan aur visheshagya-star kii vastu pehchaan fuseform key vibhinn upa kshetron mein samaan tantrika tantra kii bharti karati haye yaa kyaa donon domen shaabdik roop seey ack hii tantrika substrate saajha karate hain. cumm seey cumm ack adhyayan kaa tark haye kii yeh mudda nirathak haye, kyonki ack vyakti key bheetar fuseform chehare key kshetra key kaee maap aksar fuseform chehare key kshetra aur visheshagyata-anumaanit kshetron key maap kii tulanaa mein ack dusare key saath adhik naheen hotey hain.
aff. aim. aar. aaee. adhyayanon ney poochha haye kii kyaa visheshagyata kaa vishesh roop seey fuciform chehare key kshetra seey koee vishisht sambandh haye, fuciform chehare key kshetra aur paas key lekin chehare-chayanaatmak kshetra mein visheshagyata prabhaavon key liye pareekshan karke jise lock (roads aitt all) kahaa jaataa haye., joken 2004; opp dee beak aitt all., juuna 2006; moor aur anya., juuna 2006; yue aitt all. 2006). sabhi adhyayanon mein, fuciform faces kshetra kii tulanaa mein sthaan mein visheshagyata prabhaav kaafee majboot hain, aur vaastav mein visheshagyata prabhaav dou adhyayanon mein sthaan mein majboot aur mahatvapurna they, jabaki sthaan mein prabhaav sabhi adhyayanon mein majboot aur mahatvapurna they.
isaliye, yeh abhee bhee spasht naheen haye kii vaastav mein kinn sthitiyon mein fuciform gyrus sakriya hoe jaataa haye, halanki yeh nishchit haye kii chehare kii pehchaan iss kshetra parr bahut adhik nirbhar karati haye aur isase chehare kii pehchaan mein gambhir haani hoe sakati haye.
smriti smaran mein laabh kaa saamana karein.
chehare kii dhaarana key dauran, tantrika network yaadon koo yaad karane key liye mastishk key saath sambandh banaate hain.
chehare kii dhaarana key mool model key anusaar, chehare key prasanskaran key teen charan hainh
iss adesh key apavaad hain. udaaharan key liye, atyadhik parichit uttejanaon key mamalon mein shabdarth kii jaankaari kii tulanaa mein naamon koo teji seey yaad kiya jaataa haye. jabaki chehra ack shaktishali pahchankarta haye, aavaaj bhee pahchaanane mein madad karati haye.
shodh ney pareekshan kiya haye kii kyaa chehare yaa awazon seey vyaktiyon kii pehchaan karna aur shabdarth smriti aur episodic smriti koo yaad karna aasaan hoe jaataa haye. inn prayogon ney chehare key prasanskaran key teenon charanon koo dekhaa. prayog mein dou samoohon key celebrity aur parichit cheharon yaa aavaajon koo ack samooh key beach key design key saath dikhaaya gayaa aur pratibhagiyon seey unake baare mein jaankaari yaad karane key liye kahaa gayaa. pratibhagiyon seey pahale poochha gayaa kii kyaa uttejana parichit thee. yadi unhone haan mein jawab diyaa tou unase jaankaari (shabdarth smriti) aur yaaden (episodic smriti) maangi gaee joe chehare yaa prastut aavaaj mein fitt baithati hain. inn prayogon ney chehare key laabh kii ghatana koo pradarshit kiya aur yeh kaise anuvarti adhyayanon key madhyam seey banaa rahata haye.
maanyata-pradarshan kaa mudda.
smriti mein awazon parr cheharon key laabh parr pahale prayogon key baad, upayog kii jaane vaali vidhiyon mein trutiyaan aur antaral paae gaye.
ack key liye, chehare kii prakriya key pehchaan charan key liye ack spasht chehra laabh naheen thaa. pratibhagiyon ney cheharon kii tulanaa mein adhik baar awazon key liye ack parichit-maatr pratikriya dikhaai. dusare shabdon mein, jaba awazon koo pahachaana jaataa thaa (usa samay key 60-70% key baare mein) tou unhein jeevani sambandhi jaankaari yaad rakhna bahut mushkil thaa lekin pehchaane jaane mein bahut achchha thaa. parinamon koo yaad rakhane banaam nirnayon koo jaanane key roop mein dekhaa gayaa. bahut adhik yaad rakhein kii awazon key saath parinam (yaa parichitata) hue, aur adhik jaanate hue (yaa smriti yaad) pratikriyaaen cheharon key saath huin. yeh ghatana jailon mein aaparaadhik line-upp seey nipatane vaale prayogon key madhyam seey bunny rahati haye. gavaahon key yeh kahane kii adhik sambhavana haye kii ack sandigdh kii aavaaz usake chehare seey parichit lugg rahee haye, bhale hii unhein sandigdh key baare mein kuchh bhee yaad naa hoe. yeh visangati badee matra mein anuman lagaane aur awazon key saath honey vaale jhoothe alarm key kaaran haye.
cheharon koo awazon key samaan aspashtata dene key liye, anuvarti prayog mein chehare kii uttejanaon koo dhundhala curr diyaa gayaa thaa. iss prayog ney pahale key samaan prakriyaon kaa paalan kiya, jisamen aadhe celebrity chehare aur aadhe aparichit cheharon seey baney uttejanaon key dou samoohon koo prastut kiya gayaa. antar kewal itna thaa kii chehare kii uttejanaaen dhundhali hoe gaee theen taaki vistrit visheshataaen naheen dekhi jaa sakein. pratibhagiyon seey taba yeh kahane key liye kahaa gayaa kii kyaa way vyakti koo pahachaante hain, kyaa way unake baare mein vishisht jeevani sambandhi jaankaari yaad curr sakate hain, aur anta mein kyaa way vyakti kaa naam jaanate hain. parinam mool prayog seey poori tarah seey alag they, iss drishtikon kaa samarthan karate hue kii pahale prayog key tarikon mein samasyaaen theen. anuvarti kaarravaai key parinamon key anusaar, samaan matra mein jaankaari aur smriti koo aavaajon aur cheharon key madhyam seey yaad kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase chehare kaa laabh samaapt hoe jaataa haye. haalaanki, yeye parinam trutipurna aur samay seey pahale key hain kyonki prayog mein anya paddhatigat muddon koo abhee bhee thheek karane kii aavashyakta haye.
bhaashan kii samagri.
bhaashan key ark kii samagri koo niyantrit karane kii prakriya tasveeron mein chehare key sanketon koo hataane kii tulanaa mein adhik kathin saabit hui haye.
iss prakaar una prayogon key nishkarsh joe iss kaarak koo niyantrit naheen karate they, chehare kii pehchaan parr aavaaj kii pehchaan key sambandh mein bhraamak nishkarsh nikaalate hain. udaaharan key liye, ack prayog mein yeh paaya gayaa kii 40 pratishat pratibhaagi aasaani seey apane vyavasaay key saath celebrity-voyce koo jodd sakate hain. inn trutiyon koo samaapt karane key liye, prayogkartaon ney aavaaj key namoonon key una hisson koo hataa diyaa joe sambhavatah lakshya kii pehchaan key liye surag dey sakate they, jaise kii catchfrase. aavaaj key namoonon key saath-saath chehare key namoonon koo niyantrit karane key baad bhee (dhundhale cheharon kaa upayog karke), adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii shabdarth kii jaankaari taba praapt karane key liye adhik sulabh hoe sakati haye jaba vyakti awazon kii tulanaa mein cheharon koo pehchaan rahey houn.
bhaashan key ansh kii samagri koo niyantrit karane kii ack aur takneek haye hastiyon key chehare aur aavaajon key bajaay pratibhaagi key shikshakon yaa padosiyon jaise vyaktigat roop seey parichit vyaktiyon key chehare aur aavaajen prastut karna. iss tarah seey bhaashan key uddharan key liye samaan shabdon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, parichit lakshyon koo unaki aavaaz key uddharan key liye thheek usee likhit bhaashan koo padhane key liye kahaa jaataa haye. parinamon ney phir seey dikhaaya kii shabdarth kii jaankaari koo taba praapt karna aasaan hotaa haye jaba vyakti awazon kii tulanaa mein cheharon koo pehchaan rahey hotey hain.
exposure kii aavritti kaa mudda.
parinam vishvasaniya honey key liye ack anya kaarak jise niyantrit kiya jaanaa haye, vaha haye exposure kii aavritti.
aggar humm mashur hastiyon kaa udaaharan lete hain, tou loga media key kaaran apani aavaaj kii tulanaa mein mashur hastiyon key cheharon key saamane adhik baar aatey hain. patrikaon, samachar patron aur internet key madhyam seey, vyaktiyon koo binaa unake chehare key apani aavaaz key bajaay rosemarra key aadhar parr unaki aavaaz key binaa mashur hastiyon key cheharon key sampark mein laaya jaataa haye. iss prakaar, koee yeh tark dey sakata haye kii abb taka kiye gaye sabhi prayogon key liye nishkarsh unaki aavaaz key bajaay mashur hastiyon key chehare key sampark mein aaney kii aavritti kaa parinam they.
iss samasya koo door karane key liye shodhkartaon ney mashur hastiyon key bajaay vyaktigat roop seey parichit vyaktiyon koo uttejana key roop mein upayog karane kaa faisala kiya. vyaktigat roop seey parichit vyakti, jaise kii pratibhaagi key shikshak, adhikansh bhaag key liye suney jaane key saath-saath dekhe jaane vaale bhee hotey hain. iss prakaar key niyantran kaa upayog karane vaale adhyayanon ney bhee chehare key laabh kaa pradarshan kiya. chhaatr apani aavaaz key bajaay apane shikshakon key cheharon (samanya aur dhundhale donon) koo pahachaante samay adhik aasaani seey shabdarth kii jaankaari praapt karane mein saksham they.
haalaanki, pichhale kuchh varshon mein shodhkartaon ney naa kewal exposure kii aavritti koo niyantrit karane kaa ack aur bhee adhik prabhaavi tarika paaya haye, balki bhaashan nishkarshon kii samagri, sahayogi seekhane key pratimaan koo bhee niyantrit kiya haye. pratibhagiyon koo shabdarth sambandhi jaankaari key saath-saath naamon koo poorv-prayogaatmak roop seey agyaat awazon aur cheharon key saath jodane key liye kahaa jaataa haye. ack vartamaan prayog mein, jisamen iss pratimaan kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, ack naam aur ack pesha, tadnusar, teen pratibhaagi samoohon koo ack aavaaj, ack chehra yaa donon key saath diyaa gayaa thaa. oopar varnit sanghon koo chaar baar dohraya gayaa thaa.
agala kadam ack cude ricaul task thaa jisamen pichhale charan mein seekha gayaa harr protsaahan pesh kiya gayaa thaa aur pratibhagiyon koo peshe aur harr protsaahan key liye naam bataane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. phir seey, parinamon seey pataa chalaa kii shabdarth kii jaankaari taba praapt karane key liye adhik sulabh hoe sakati haye jaba vyakti aavaajon kii tulanaa mein cheharon koo pehchaan rahey houn, taba bhee jaba sampark kii aavritti niyantrit kii gaee thee.
episodic smriti aur astitva key liye spashteekaran kaa vistaar.
episodic memori vishisht, pahale seey anubhavi ghatnaaon koo yaad rakhane kii hamari kshamata haye.
chehare kii pehchaan mein kyonki yeh episodic memori seey sambandhit haye, baaen paarshv prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe aur baaen madhya frontal/purvakaal singulate cortex mein sakriyan dikhaaya gayaa haye. yeh bhee paaya gayaa kii paarshvik prantstha mein episodic smriti punarpraapti key dauran ack baaen parshvikaran punarpraapti mein safalata key saath dridhata seey sahsambaddh thaa. yeh sambhavatah iss parikalpana key kaaran hoe sakata haye kii chehare kii pehchaan aur episodic memori key beach kaa sambandh aavaaj aur episodic memori kii tulanaa mein majboot thaa. iss parikalpana koo vishesh chehare kii pehchaan karane vaale upkaranon key astitva dwara bhee samarthit kiya jaa sakata haye joe asthaayi khandon mein sthit honey key baare mein socha jaataa haye.
chehare kii pehchaan key liye dou alag-alag tantrika pranaliyon key astitva key pramaan bhee hainh ack parichit cheharon key liye aur doosara nae vidwan cheharon key liye. chehare kii pehchaan aur episodic memori key beach iss kadee key liye ack spashteekaran yeh haye kii choonki chehare kii pehchaan maanav astitva kaa ack pramukh hissa haye, isaliye mastishk dusaron key saath behtar samvaad karane mein saksham honey key liye donon key beach ack kadee banaata haye.
aatm-chehare kii dhaarana.
haalaanki kaee jaanvaron mein chehare koo samajhane kii kshamata hoti haye, lekin aatm-chehare kii pehchaan kewal kuchh prajaatiyon key liye advitiya dekhi gaee haye. aatm-mukh dhaarana key adhyayan mein ack vishesh ruchi haye kyonki iska avdhaaranaatmak ekikaran prakriya seey sambandh haye.
ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii apane chehare kii dhaarana/pehchaan badalate sandarbhon seey aprabhaavit thee, jabaki parichit aur aparichit cheharon kii dhaarana/pehchaan pratikool roop seey prabhaavit hui thee. ack anya adhyayan joe badey vayaskon parr kendrit thaa, usane paaya kii unhein vinyas prasanskaran mein swayam-saamana laabh thaa, lekin karyatmak prasanskaran mein naheen.
2014 mein, motoaki sugiyura ney aatm-pehchaan key liye ack vaichaarik model vikasit kiya, jise teen shreniyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaah shaaririk, parasparik aur samajik swayam.
darpan pareekshan.
gorden gallup junier. 1970 mein aatm-jagrukta koo maapane key prayaas key roop mein ack takneek vikasit kii gaee. iss takneek koo aamtaur parr darpan pareekshan key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
vidhi mein vishay parr ack marker koo usa sthaan parr rakhna shamil haye jahan way darpan key binaa naheen dekh sakate hain (ee.jee. ack kaa maathe). marker koo itna aspasht roop seey rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye kii vishay koo pataa naa chaley kii unhein chihnit kiya gayaa haye. ack baar marker rakhe jaane key baad, vishay koo darpan taka pahunch dee jaati haye. yadi vishay nishan kii jaanch kartaa haye "(ee.jee. nishan koo mitaane kii koshish kartaa haye), "yeh ingit karega kii vishay samajhata haye kii way apane paryaavaran key vistaar key roop mein darpan koo samajhane key vipareet, apane swayam key pratibimb koo dekh rahey hain. (ee.jee.yeh sochkar kii pratibimb ack khidki key peechhe ack aur vyakti/janwar haye)
haalaanki iss vidhi koo aatm-jagrukta koo maapane key liye adhik prabhaavi takneekon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye, lekin yeh nishchit roop seey sahee naheen haye. khel mein kaee kaarak hain joe parinam parr prabhaav daal sakate hain. udaaharan key liye, yadi koee janwar javic roop seey andhaa haye, tila kii tarah, tou humm yeh naheen maan sakate kii unamen swabhavik roop seey aatm jagrukta kii kamee haye. yeh kewal yeh maanaa jaa sakata haye kii drishya aatm-pehchaan, sambhavatah ack jeevit vyakti key liye sangyanatmak roop seey "aatm-jagrook" maane jaane key kaee tarikon mein seey ack haye.
ling.
electrophysiological takneekon kaa upayog karane vaale adhyayanon ney chehare kii pehchaan smriti kaary aur chehare key prabhaav kii pehchaan kaary key dauran ling-sambandhit antaron kaa pradarshan kiya haye.
chehare kii dhaarana mein anumaanit buddhimatta kaa koee sambandh naheen thaa, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii mahilaaon mein chehare kii pehchaan kaee buniyaadi sangyanatmak prakriyaon seey asambandhit haye. ling bhed yaun harmon key liye ack bhoomika kaa sujhaav dey sakate hain. mahilaaon mein masik dharm chakr key vibhinn charanon key dauran harmon key star mein antar seey sambandhit manovaigyaanik karyon key liye parivartansheelta hoe sakati haye.
maanak aur pathology mein praapt detta asmamit chehare key prasanskaran kaa samarthan kartaa haye.
baaen nichale frontal cortex aur dwaipaakshik ocypetotemporal junction sabhi chehare kii sthitiyon key liye samaan roop seey pratikriya curr sakate hain. kuchh logon kaa kahana haye kii baaen nichale frontal cortex aur ausipitotemporal junction donon chehare kii smriti mein shamil hain. sahee nimnatar laukik/fuciform gyrus chehare parr chuninda roop seey pratikriya kartaa haye lekin gair-chehare parr naheen. parichit cheharon aur aparichit logon key drishyon key bhedbhaav key dauran sahee laukik dhruv sakriya hotaa haye. chehare key liye madhya-temporal lobe mein sahee vishamta koo 133-zenon maapa mastishk rakt pravaah kaa upayog karke bhee dikhaaya gayaa haye. anya jaanchkartaon ney pichhale electrophysiological aur imaging adhyayanon mein chehare kii pehchaan key liye sahee parshvikaran kaa avalokan kiya haye.
asmamit chehare kii dhaarana kaa tatparya vibhinn golardh ranneetiyon koo lagu karna haye. daaen golardh mein ack samagr ranneeti kaa upayog kiya jaayega, aur baaen mein ack vishleshanatmak ranneeti hogi.
2007 key ack adhyayan mein, karyatmak transcranial doppler spectroscopy kaa upayog karate hue, yeh pradarshit kiya gayaa kii purush vastu aur chehare kii dhaarana key liye sahee-parshvikrit they, jabaki mahilaaon koo chehare key karyon key liye baaen-parshvikrit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin vastu dhaarana key liye ack sahee-pravritti yaa koee parshvikaran naheen dikhaaya gayaa thaa. ise purushon mein inn cortical kshetron key topological sangathan key liye saboot key roop mein liya jaa sakata haye. yeh sujhaav dey sakata haye kii baad vaalaa vastu dhaarana mein nihit kshetra seey chehare kii dhaarana mein shamil bahut adhik kshetra taka faila huaa haye.
yeh isai dwara prastaavit vastu roop topology parikalpana seey sahmat haye. haalaanki, vastu aur chehare kii dhaarana kaa sambandh prakriya-adharit thaa, aur sahee golardh mein unaki samanya samagr prasanskaran ranneeti seey judaa huaa prateet hotaa haye. isake alawa, jaba unheen purushon koo chehare key pratimaan key saath prastut kiya gayaa thaa jisamen vishleshanatmak prasanskaran kii aavashyakta thee, tou baaen golardh koo sakriya curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh 2000 mein gauthier dwara diye gaye sujhaav seey sahmat haye, kii extrastrate cortex mein aise kshetra hotey hain joe vibhinn gananaon key liye sabse upayukt hotey hain, aur jinhen prakriya-maanchitra model key roop mein varnit kiya jaataa haye.
isaliye, prastaavit model parasparik roop seey ananya naheen hainh chehare kii prasanskaran anya uttejanaon key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale mastishk key alawa koee naee baadhaaen naheen lagaati haye.
pratyek uttejana koo shreni dwara chehare yaa gair-chehare mein aur prakriya dwara samagr yaa vishleshanatmak mein mapp kiya gayaa hoe sakata haye. isaliye, ack ekikrit shreni-vishisht prakriya-maanchitran pranali koo yaa tou daaen yaa baaen sangyanatmak shailiyon key liye lagu kiya gayaa thaa. chehare kii dhaarana key liye, purush sambhavatah sahee sangyanatmak shally key liye ack shreni-vishisht prakriya-maanchitran pranali kaa upayog karate hain, aur mahilaaen baain or key liye usee kaa upayog karati hain.
jaatiyata.
swayam key banaam anya-nasl key chehare kii pehchaan aur avdhaaranaatmak bhedbhaav mein antar parr pahali baar 1914 mein shodh kiya gayaa thaa. manushyon koo anya naslon key logon koo unaki apani tulanaa mein sabhi koo samaan roop seey dekhane kii pravritti hoti haih
iss ghatana koo, jise cross-races prabhaav key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, "swayam-races prabhaav", "anya-races prabhaav", "swayam kaa races purvagrah", yaa "antar-jaatiya chehra-pehchaan ghaata" bhee kahaa jaataa haye.
cross-races prabhaav key vaastavik prabhaav koo maapana mushkil haye.
1990 key ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii african-americi vishayon kii tulanaa mein safed vishayon mein anya-nasl prabhaav badaa haye, jabaki 1979 key ack adhyayan mein isake vipareet paaya gayaa. dee. stephen lindsey aur unake sahyogiyon ney dhyaan diyaa kii inn adhyayanon key parinam prastut kiye gaye cheharon koo pahchaanane mein aantarik kathinaaee, dou pareekshan samoohon key beach cross-races prabhaav key aakar mein vaastavik antar, yaa inn dou karakon key kuchh sanyojan key kaaran hoe sakate hain. shaferred ney una adhyayanon kii sameeksha kii jinamen african-americi cheharon, safed cheharon aur adhyayanon parr behtar pradarshan paaya gayaa jahaan koee antar naheen paaya gayaa thaa.
kull milakar, charvaahe ney prabhaav key aakar aur anya jaati key sadasyon key saath baatchit karane vaale vishayon kii matra key beach ack vishvasaniya sakaratmak sahsambandh kii soochana dee. yeh sahsambandh iss tathya koo darshaata haye kii african-americi vishay, jinhone charvaahe key adhyayan mein donon naslon key cheharon parr samaan roop seey achchha pradarshan kiya, lagbhag hamesha safed logon key saath baatchit kii matra key uchchatam sambhav aatm-mulyankan key saath pratikriya karate they, jabaki safed samkakshon ney ack badey anya-nasl prabhaav koo pradarshit kiya aur cumm anya-nasl baatchit kii soochana dee. rating mein yeh antar saankhyikiya roop seey vishvasaniya thaa.
cross-races prabhaav lagbhag chhah maheene kii umr mein manushyon mein dikhaai detaa haye.
cross-races prabhaav koo chunauti denaa.
cross-races prabhaavon koo anya naslon key logon key saath baatchit key madhyam seey badala jaa sakata haye. anya-daud kaa anubhav cross-races prabhaav parr ack pramukh prabhaav haye. adhyayanon kii ack shrinkhala seey pataa chalaa kii adhik anya-daud anubhav vaale pratibhaagi cumm anubhav vaale pratibhagiyon kii tulanaa mein anya-daud key cheharon key saath bhedbhaav karane mein lagaatar adhik sateek they. prabhaav key kaee vartamaan model maanate hain kii apane-daud key cheharon koo dekhate samay samagr chehare key prasanskaran tantra adhik poori tarah seey lagey hotey hain.
swayam kaa-nasl prabhaav chehare kii vibhinn visheshtaon key beach sthaanik sambandhon key baare mein jaankaari nikaalane kii badhati kshamata seey sambandhit dikhaai detaa haye.
ack kamee taba hoti haye jaba kissy anya jaati key logon koo dekhaa jaataa haye kyonki jaati koo nirdisht karane vaali drishya jaankaari vyaktigat jaankaari kii keemat parr mansik dhyaan letee haye. avdhaaranaatmak karyon kaa upayog karke aage key shodh anya-nasl prabhaav mein shamil vishisht sangyanatmak prakriyaon parr prakaash daal sakate hain. swayam-nasl prabhaav sambhavatah nasleeya sadasyata seey parey samooh mein pakshapaat mein failata haye. kissy koo vishvavidyalaya dwara vargeekrit karane seey way bhaag lete hain joe swayam key-nasl prabhaav key samaan parinam detaa haye.
isi tarah, purushon mein mahilaaon kii tulanaa mein cumm mahila chehare pehchaane jaate hain, jabaki purush cheharon key liye koee ling antar naheen haye.
yadi prayog seey pahale swayam key-nasl prabhaav key baare mein jagrook kiya jaataa haye, tou pareekshan vishay apane-nasl prabhaav key kaafee cumm, yadi koee hoe, dikhaate hain.
autism.
autism spectrum vikaar ack vyaapak tantrika vikas sambandhi vikaar haye joe samajik, sancharatmak aur avdhaaranaatmak kamee paida kartaa haye. autism vaale vyakti chehare kii pehchaan aur bhaavnaatmak bhaavon koo pahchaanane mein kathinaaiyon kaa pradarshan karate hain. chehare key prasanskaran key shuruati aur antim charanon mein asaamaanyataon seey inn kameeon key honey kaa sandeh haye.
gati aur tareeke.
autism prakriya vaale loga samaan gati key saath chehare aur gair-chehare kii uttejanaon kaa saamana karate hain.
neurotypical vyaktiyon mein, chehare key prasanskaran key liye ack vareeyata gair-chehare kii uttejanaon kii tulanaa mein ack tej prasanskaran gati mein parinam detee haye. yeye vyakti chehare koo mahsoos karate samay samagr prasanskaran kaa upayog karate hain. isake vipareet, autism vaale vyakti aanshik-adharit prasanskaran yaa neeche-oopar prasanskaran kaa upayog karate hain, joe samagr roop seey chehare key bajaay vyaktigat visheshtaon parr dhyaan kendrit karate hain. autism vaale loga apani nazar koo mukhya roop seey chehare key nichale aadhe hisse mein, vishesh roop seey munh mein, neurotypical logon kii aankh-prashikshit nazar seey alag karate hain. yeh vichalan chehare key prototype key upayog koo niyojit naheen kartaa haye, joe smriti mein sangraheet template hain joe aasaani seey punarpraapti key liye banaate hain.
isake alawa, autism vaale vyakti pehchaan smriti key saath kathinaaee pradarshit karate hain, vishesh roop seey smriti joe chehare kii pehchaan karane mein sahaayata karati haye. smriti kii kamee chehare key liye chayanaatmak haye aur anya drishya input taka naheen faili haye. yeye chehare-smriti kii kamee sambhavatah chehare-prasanskaran kshetron key beach hastakshep key utpaad hain.
sambandhit kathinaaiyaan.
autism aksar kamjor samajik kshamata mein prakat hotaa haye, joe cumm netra sampark, sanyukt dhyaan, bhaavnaatmak abhivyakti kii vyakhya aur sanchaar kaushal key kaaran hotaa haye.
inn kamiyon koo nau maheene key shishuon mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. kuchh visheshagya yeh varnan karane key liye 'chehare seey bachane' kaa upayog karate hain kii kaise shishu jinhen baad mein autism kaa pataa chalata haye, way gair-chehare vaali vastuon mein prathamikta seey bhaag lete hain. isake alawa, kuchh logon ney prastaav diyaa haye kii autism vaale bachchon koo chehare kii bhaavnaatmak samagri koo samajhane mein kathinaaee chehare kii abhivyakti key prati samanya asavdhani kaa parinam haye, naa kii samanya roop seey bhaavnaatmak jaankaari koo sansaadhit karane mein asamarthata.
baadhaon koo baadhit samajik judaav kaa kaaran maanaa jaataa haye. isake alawa, shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii autism vaale vyaktiyon mein chehare koo sansaadhit karane kii kshamata mein kamee aur baad mein munn key siddhant mein kamee key beach ack sambandh haye. jabaki aam taur parr vikaasheel vyakti dusaron kii bhaavnaatmak abhivyaktiyon koo apane karyon seey sambandhit karane mein saksham hotey hain, autism vaale vyakti iss kaushal koo usee hudd taka pradarshit naheen karate hain.
haalaanki, yeh kaaran murgi yaa andey key vivaad seey milata-julata haye. kuchh loga maanate hain kii samajik haani seey bodh sambandhi samasyaaen utpann hoti hain. iss pariprekshya mein, samajik ruchi kii javic kamee cumm upayog key kaaran chehare kii pehchaan koo rokti haye.
tantrika vigyaan.
autism vaale vyaktiyon koo chehare key prasanskaran key mamle mein kaee baadhaon kaa saamana karna padata haye joe fuciform chehare key kshetra aur emigdala mein asaamaanyataon seey praapt hoe sakati hain.
aam taur parr, autism vaale vyaktiyon mein fuciform chehare key kshetra mein matra cumm hoe gaee haye. iss matra mein kamee kaa kaaran vichalit amigdala gatividhi haye joe bhaavnaatmak roop seey mukhya roop seey dikhaai naheen detee haye, aur iss prakaar sakriyan star koo cumm karati haye.
adhyayan nirnaayak naheen hain kii autism vaale loga isake bajaay kiss mastishk kshetra kaa upayog karate hain. ack ney paaya kii, jaba chehare dekhate hain, tou autism vaale loga mastishk kshetron mein gatividhi pradarshit karate hain joe samanya roop seey sakriya hotey hain jaba neurotypical vyakti vastuon koo samajhate hain. ack anya ney paaya kii chehare kii dhaarana key dauran, autism vaale loga alag-alag tantrika pranaliyon kaa upayog karate hain, jinamen seey pratyek apane swayam key advitiya tantrika paripath kaa upayog kartaa haye.
kshatipurti tantra.
jaise-jaise autistic vyaktiyon kii umr badhati haye, chehare kii bhavna kii pehchaan karane kii kshamata kaa aaklan karane vaale vyavhaar parikshanon parr ank niyantran key samaan star taka badh jaate hain.
inn vyaktiyon kii pehchaan tantra abhee bhee asamanya hain, halanki aksar prabhaavi hotey hain. chehare kii pehchaan-pehchaan key sandarbh mein, muaavaje mein ack adhik pattern-adharit ranneeti shamil hoe sakati haye, joe pahali baar chehare key vyutkram karyon mein dekhi jaati haye. vaikalpik roop seey, vriddh vyakti dusaron key chehare key bhaavon kii nakal kaa upayog karke kshatipurti karate hain aur chehare kii bhavna-pehchaan key liye chehare kii maanspeshiyon kii apani motor pratikriya parr bharosa karate hain.
schizophrenia.
schizophrenia dhyaan, dhaarana, smriti, seekhane, prasanskaran, tark aur samasya samadhan koo prabhaavit karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
schizophrenia koo bigade hue chehare aur bhavna kii dhaarana seey jodaa gayaa haye. schizophrenia vaale loga chehare kii dhaarana karyon mein badatar sateekta aur dheemi pratikriya samay kaa pradarshan karate hain jisamen unhein chehare seey mell khaane, chehare koo yaad rakhane aur chehare parr kaun see bhaavanaaen maujood hain, ise pahchaanane key liye kahaa jaataa haye. schizophrenia vaale logon koo ulte chehare kii tulanaa mein seedhe chehare seey mell khaane mein adhik kathinaaee hoti haye. pehchaan yaa pehchaan key liye kissy vastu kii visheshtaon key beach kii doori kaa upayog karate hue vinyas prasanskaran mein kamee (ee.jee. chehare parr visheshataaen jaise kii aankhen yaa naak), koo bhee schizophrenia seey jodaa gayaa haye.
schizophrenia key rogi aasaani seey ack "khush" prabhaav kii pehchaan karane mein saksham hotey hain lekin chehare koo "udas" yaa "bhayabheet" key roop mein pahchaanane key liye sangharsh karate hain. chehare kii bhaavanaon koo alag karane mein vyakti kii asamarthata key kaaran chehare aur bhavna kii dhaarana mein haani samajik kaushal mein haani seey judee hui haye. schizophrenia vaale loga cumm cumm pratikriya, asamanya chehare kii scanning pattern aur ack vinyas prasanskaran shithilata kaa pradarshan karate hain. schizophrenia key lakshnon kii gambhirta chehare kii dhaarana mein haani kii gambhirta key saath sambandhit paaee gaee haye.
schizophrenia aur asamajik vyaktitva vikaar kaa nidan kiye gaye vyaktiyon mein kewal schizophrenia vaale vyaktiyon kii tulanaa mein chehare aur bhavna kii dhaarana mein aur bhee adhik haani paaee gaee haye. yeye vyakti krodh, ashcharya aur ghrina kii pehchaan karane key liye sangharsh karate hain. iss dohare nidan vaale logon key liye aakraamakta aur bhavna kii dhaarana kii kathinaaiyon key beach ack sambandh haye.
chumbakiya anunaad imaging aur karyatmak chumbakiya anunaad imaging seey praapt detta seey pataa chalaa haye kii fuciform gyrus kii ack chhoti matra chehare kii dhaarana mein adhik haani seey judee hui haye.
schizophrenia vaale vyaktiyon mein aatm-chehare kii pehchaan aur anya-chehare kii pehchaan kii kathinaaiyon key beach ack sakaratmak sambandh haye. schizotype kii degree koo aatm-chehare kii kathinaaiyon, asamanya dhaarana kathinaaiyon aur anya chehare kii pehchaan kii kathinaaiyon key saath sahsambaddh bhee dikhaaya gayaa haye. schizophrenia key rogi samanya niyantranon kii tulanaa mein darpan mein dekhane parr adhik ajib bhaavanaon kii soochana dete hain. matibhram, shaaririk chintaaen aur avasaad sabhi aatm-chehare kii dhaarana kathinaaiyon seey judey paae gaye hain.
anya janwar.
neurobiologist jannie morton aur unaki team dou tasveeron key saath prastut kiye jaane parr bhed koo aparichit chehare parr ack parichit chehra chunana sikhaane mein saksham rahee haye, jisase yeh khoj hui haye kii bhed maanav chehare koo pehchaan sakati haye. tirandaj (manushyon key door key rishtedaar) chaalees alag-alag maanav cheharon key beach antar karane mein saksham they, joe iss siddhant kaa samarthan kartaa haye kii aisaa karane key liye ack neocortex yaa vivekpurna maanav cheharon key itihas kii koee aavashyakta naheen haye. kabootaron koo mastishk key unheen hisson kaa upayog karate hue paaya gayaa thaa joe manushya khush aur tatasth chehare yaa purush aur mahila chehare key beach antar karane key liye karate hain.
kritrim buddhimatta.
aise software vikasit karane mein bahut prayaas kiye gaye hain joe maanav chehare koo pehchaan sakate hain.
yeh kaam kritrim buddhimatta kii ack shakha mein huaa haye jise computer drishti key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe software design koo soochit karane key liye chehare kii dhaarana key manovigyaan kaa upayog kartaa haye. haal kii safalataaen chehare kii uttejanaon key liye vishisht pratikriyaon kaa pataa lagaane key liye gair-aakramak karyatmak transcranial doppler spectroscopy kaa upayog karati hain. naee pranali computerised faces databases system seey lakshit chehare kii khoj koo trigger karane key liye "cortical long-term potentiation" naamak input pratikriyaon kaa upayog karati haye. aisee pranali chehare kii pehchaan key liye mastishk-machine interfaces pradaan karati haye, jise "sangyanatmak biometrics" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
ack anya anuprayog chehare kii chhaviyon seey umr kaa anuman lagaana haye. anya sangyaan samasyaon kii tulanaa mein, chehare kii chhaviyon seey umr kaa anuman lagaana chunautipurna haye, mukhya roop seey kyonki umr badhane kii prakriya shaaririk sthiti aur jeevan shally jaise kaee baahari karakon seey prabhaavit hoti haye.umr badhane kii prakriya bhee dheemi haye, jisase paryaapt detta ekatra karna mushkil hoe jaataa haye.
nemodov.
2016 mein, danne nemodov ney ee. ee. jee. sanketon kaa bahubhinnata vishleshan kiya joe pehchaan seey sambandhit jaankaari mein shamil hoe sakate hain aur samay aur sthaan donon mein ghatana seey sambandhit sambhaavit sanketon key liye pattern vargeekaran lagu curr sakate hain. adhyayan kaa mukhya lakshya thaah
prayog key liye, paaramparik ghatana-sambandhit sambhaavit vishleshan aur ghatana-sambandhit sambhaavit sanketon key pattern vargeekaran koo poorv-sansaadhit ee. ee. jee. sanket diye gaye they.
yeh aur ack aur adhyayan seey pataa chalaa kii vyaktigat chehare kii pehchaan prakriya key ack sthaanik-asthaayi profile kaa astitva aur vyaktigat chehare kii chhaviyon kaa punarnirmaan iss tarah key profile aur soochanaatmak visheshtaon kaa upayog karke sambhav thaa joe pehchaan seey sambandhit jaankaari key encoding mein yogdan karate hain.
aanuvanshik aadhar.
jabaki kaee sangyanatmak kshamataon, jaise kii samanya buddhimatta, kaa ack spasht aanuvanshik aadhar haye, chehare kii pehchaan key aanuvanshik aadhar key liye saboot kaafee haal hii mein haye. vartamaan sakshya bataate hain kii chehare kii pehchaan karane kii kshamataaen paryavaraniya aadharon key bajaay aanuvanshik roop seey judee hui hain.
praarambhik shodh aanuvanshik vikaaron parr kendrit thaa joe chehare kii pehchaan kshamataon koo prabhaavit karate hain, jaise kii turner syndrome, jisake parinamswarup amigadala karyapranali baadhit hoti haye. 2003 key ack adhyayan mein turner syndrome vaale vyaktiyon mein chehare kii pehchaan karane kii kshamata kaafee cumm paaee gaee, joe sujhaav detaa haye kii amigdala chehare kii dhaarana koo prabhaavit kartaa haye.
halanki, samanya aabaadi mein aanuvanshik aadhar key liye sakshya dohare adhyayanon seey aataa haye jisamen cambridge chehare kii smriti pareekshan parr chehare kii pehchaan key ank desigotic judwa bachchon kii tulanaa mein monozygotic judwa bachchon key liye dou baar samaan they. iss nishkarsh kaa samarthan una adhyayanon dwara kiya gayaa thaa jinamen chehare kii pehchaan key ankon mein samaan antar paaya gayaa aur joe chehare kii pehchaan kii viraasat koo lagbhag 61 pratishat nirdhaarit karate hain.
chehare kii pehchaan key ank aur anya sangyanatmak kshamataon key beach koee mahatvapurna sambandh naheen thaa, vishesh roop seey samanya vastu pehchaan. isase pataa chalata haye kii chehare kii pehchaan karane kii kshamataaen viraasat mein praapt hoti hain, aur anya sangyanatmak kshamataon seey swatantra aanuvanshik aadhar hotaa haye. shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii chehare kii pehchaan kshamataon key adhik charam udaaharan, vishesh roop seey vanshaanugat prosopagnosic, atyadhik aanuvanshik roop seey sahsambaddh hain.
vanshaanugat prosopagnosics key liye, viraasat kaa ack autosomal pramukh model prastaavit kiya gayaa haye. anusandhaan ney oxytosin receptor jeane (oxtr) key saath ekal nucleotide bahuroopata key saath vanshaanugat prosopagnosia kii sambhavana koo bhee sahsambaddh kiya, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii yeye elil samanya chehare kii dhaarana mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaate hain. inn sthaanon parr jangli prakaar key elil seey utparivartan key parinamswarup anya vikaar bhee paae gaye hain jinamen samajik aur chehare kii pehchaan kii kamee aam haye, jaise kii autism spectrum vikaar, jiska arth hoe sakata haye kii chehare kii samanya pehchaan key liye aanuvanshik aadhar jatil aur bahujanan hain.
oxter aur chehare kii pehchaan key beach yeh sambandh una vyaktiyon key adhyayan dwara bhee samarthit haye jinhen vanshaanugat prosopagnosia naheen haye.
cheharon kii samajik dhaaranaaen.
loga chehare kii upasthiti key aadhar parr dusaron key baare mein teji seey nirnay lete hain. kuchh nirnay bahut jaldi aur sateek roop seey banaae jaate hain, vayaskon dwara kewal 75 aim. aiss. key sampark mein aaney vaale vayask cheharon key ling koo sahee dhang seey vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye aur lagbhag 100% sateekta key saath. kuchh anya nirnayon kii sateekta kii cumm aasaani seey pushti kii jaati haye, halanki iss baat key pramaan hain kii chehare seey swaasthya kii dhaaranaaen cumm seey cumm aanshik roop seey sateek hain, swaasthya nirnay phal aur sabji key sevan, shareer kii vasaa aur bmi koo darshaate hain. loga apane chehare seey dusaron key vyaktitva key baare mein nirnay bhee lete hain, aur iss kshetra mein bhee cumm seey cumm aanshik sateekta kaa pramaan haye.
sanyojakta-pramukhta model.
chehare kii pehchaan kaa sanyojakta-prabhutva model ack vyaapak roop seey uddhrit model haye joe sujhaav detaa haye kii cheharon seey baney samajik nirnayon koo dou aayamon mein sankshepit kiya jaa sakata haih sanyojakta (sakaratmak-nakaratmak) aur prabhutva (pramukh-adheenata). haal hii mein ack badey paimaane parr bahu-deshi pratikriti pariyojana ney vibhinn vishva kshetron mein iss model kaa kaafee hudd taka samarthan kiya, halanki paaya gayaa kii kuchh kshetron mein ack sambhaavit teesara ayam bhee mahatvapurna hoe sakata haye aur anya shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii sanyojakta-prabhutva model shareer kii samajik dhaaranaon parr bhee lagu hotaa haye.

