
jiyovanni francisco sagrado

giovanni francesco sagrado (19 juuna 1571-5 march 1620) ack venis key ganitshastri aur galileo key karibi dost they. way angreji vaigyaanik villium gilbert key mitra aur samvaadaata bhee they. unhein aaj mukhya roop seey isaliye yaad kiya jaataa haye kyonki way galileo key vivadaspad kaam "dou mukhya vishva pranaliyon seey sambandhit samvaad" (1632) mein ack vyakti key roop mein dikhaai dete hain.
parivarik prishthabhoomi.
sagrado 1960 key dashak key bernardo key bete nicolo sagrado key chhah bhaaiyon mein seey chauthe they. parivaar kii sofiya shakha, aur unaki patni cicilia, paolo tiapolo kii betty. sagrado parivaar ney apani jadein paanchvin shatabdi mein paaee. unake daadaa bernardo aiss key sanrakshak they. marco, jabaki unake pitaa, jinaki mrityu 1615 mein hui thee, 1600 mein palmanova key prashaasak, 1605 mein cyprus key prashaasak, aiss key procurator niyukt kiye gaye they. 1611 mein marco aur 1613 mein padua vishvavidyalaya key sudhaarak. parivaar mukhya roop seey vanician shastragar aur saine franceco della vigna key parivarik church key paas palazzo sagrado mein rahata thaa, lekin mukhya bhoomi aur anya jagahon parr vyaapak bhoomi key swaamitva mein thaa, jisamen (yeh) mein ack mahal aur cador key paas lohe kii khaanon key saath beach vann shamil they.
unake badey bhaai bernardo parivaar kii raajneetik aakaankshaon koo puuraa karane key liye they, lekin 1603 mein 37 saal kii umr mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. doosara betaa, paolo, 1611 mein gayab hoe gayaa, jabaki stephano, teesara betaa, kewal kuchh nishan bache hain. sabse chhote bete zakaria (1572-1647) kaa raajneetik currier thaa aur unakaa betaa, nicolo sagrado (1606-1676) doge bunn gayaa.
giovanni francico ney khud shaadi naheen kii thee aur unaki koee santan naheen thee. way 25 varsh kii ayu mein 1596 mein venis kii mahaan parishad key sadasya baney.
praarambhik adhyayan aur chumbakatva.
sagrado key baare mein humm joe kuchh bhee jaanate hain, vaha lagbhag una patron parr adharit haye joe unhone galileo galile koo likhe they. lagbhag sou jeevit hain, halanki galile dwara unhein likhe gaye lekh khou gaye hain. 1590 key dashak mein sagrado ney galileo key saath niji taur parr adhyayan kiya, joe 1592 mein padua vishvavidyalaya mein aaya thaa. 1599 mein sagrado ney vishvavidyalaya seey usake liye vetan vriddhi praapt karane mein viphalata key liye galileo seey maafi maangi, halanki usane apane mamle parr bahas karane key liye apane prabhaavshaali parivarik connection kaa upayog kiya thaa. 1602 mein galileo ney sagrado key liye ack kundali taiyar kii, joe usey "blandom, latum, hilarem, beneficum, paisifikam, sociabillem, pronum aid volleptates, dei amtoram, lebrum impeantum" (dayalu, khush, anandamaya, laabhkaari, prashant, milansar anand-premi, bhagwan kaa premi, aur pareshaniyon key adheer) key roop mein varnit kartaa haye.
sagrado ney galileo aur paolo sarpi key saath khagol vigyaan aur chumbakatva donon mein ruchi saajha kii. 1600 taka sagrado kaa naam tyco braahe key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa, jinhone gian vincenzo pinelli koo likhe ack patra mein unhein starr chart kii dou pratiyon key liye ack achche sampark key roop mein sandarbhit kiya thaa joe tyco ney dozz aur senate koo dee thee. villium gilbert koo ack anya patra mein sagrado koo "mahaan chumbakiya vyakti" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. gilbert key kaam key parinamswarup ack ummeed yeh thee kii vaishvik chumbakiya girawat key ack sarvavyaapi maanchitran kaa upayog deshantar kii ganana kii samasya koo hull karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. galile ney chumbakiya jhukaav koo maapane key liye ack upkaran taiyar kiya, jise sagrado ney siriya kii apani baad kii yatra parr apane saath leey jaaya. sagrado kaa chumbakatva kii samajh koo aage badhaane mein ack vishesh yogdan thaa-vaha borka dee cador key paas parivarik khadanon koo chalaata thaa, jisase chumbakiya lauh ayask nikala jaataa thaa. galileo ney inn chumbakon koo hathyar denaa seekha aur sabse shaktishali-jise rhodomonte key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye-koo tuscany key grand duke ferdinando aaee dee medisi aur samrat rudolf II koo bikri key liye pesh kiya gayaa thaa.
jesuits kaa virodh karna.
aprail 1606 mein venis aur vatican key beach badhate vivaadon key kaaran pope paul vee ney vanician hastakshep kaa adesh diyaa aur dogge leonardo donato ney jesuit koo ganarajya seey nishkaasit curr diyaa. isake turant baad agast 1606 mein sagrado koo palmanova key kille kaa khajanedar niyukt kiya gayaa. aprail 1607 mein iss faisale koo radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa, meey mein sagrado venis laut aae aur navambar mein unhein seeriya mein vanijya doot niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
march seey julaai 1608 taka unhone apane prayason koo ack aise pravesh abhyaas parr kendrit kiya jiska uddeshya jesuits koo sharminda karna thaa. unakaa praarambhik lakshya jesuit vidwan antonio possevino esje thaa, joe ferrara key jesuit college key rector they. possevino ney vibhinn chhadm naamon key tahat, venis parr hamla karane vaale parche prakaashit kiye they. sagrado ney college key rector koo likhaa (yeh naheen jaanate kii possevino koo taba taka antonio barison dwara pratisthaapit curr diyaa gayaa thaa). ack ameer vidhwa honey kaa naatak karate hue, cecilia contarini, sagrado ney rector koo salah maangi kii venis key kaanoonon key aspas kaise jaanaa haye joe usey jesuits koo ack badee vaseeyat chhodane seey rokta haye. agami patrachar julaai mein ack sir parr aaya jaba ack patra barison koo salah dete hue aaya kii cicilia contarini kii mrityu hoe gaee thee, adesh 5,000 ducate chhod diyaa gayaa thaa, aggar vaha aupchaarik dastavej pradaan karega joe pushti kartaa haye kii usaki aatma swarg mein praapt hui thee, anta mein barison koo spasht karane seey pahale kii vaha moorkh banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. sagrado ney taba patrachar koo vyaapak roop seey prasaarit kiya.
seeriya key liye mission.
jesuit key prati apani teevra shatruta key bavjood, sagrado ney ack doorgaami vaigyaanik prayaas koo aayojit karane key liye aleppo mein apane nae aadhar kaa upayog kiya; unhone asia bhar mein vibhinn jesuit missions koo likhaa. unhone unamen seey pratyek koo ack chumbakiya upkaran bheja aur unase isake saath chumbakiya girawat key avalokan karane key liye kahaa. unhone seeriya mein apana maap liya, jise unhone galileo koo bheja, lekin halanki unhein kuchh jesuit missions seey sakaratmak praarambhik pratikriyaen mileen, lekin unhone unhein kabhi bhee koee avalokan naheen bheja. 30 aprail 1609 koo sarpi koo bheje gaye ack patra seey pataa chalata haye kii kaise duniya dheere-dheere unakaa shikaar hoe rahee thee, vishesh roop seey purvi bhaarat aur japan mein.
unake niyamit rajanyik kaary aur vaigyaanik hiton key saath-saath sagrado jasusi mein bhee shamil they. venis key vanijya doot key roop mein seva karane key saath-saath, sagrado koo faras key shaah abbas dwara farsi vanijya doot key roop mein bhee niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. iss kshamata mein shaah abbas kii or seey venis kii yatra karane vaale ack armeniyai vyaapaari, ack zavaaje jaffar ney unase mulakat kii, joe unake saath isfahan key carmelites seey patrachar leey gayaa. isamen bhaarat key vaaysaraay dwara spen key phillip III koo bheji gaee samvedansheel sainya jaankaari shamil thee. ack anya file mein ack ottoman-virodhi sandhi key masaude key liye abbas aur phillip key beach baatchit kaa vivaran thaa, jiska prabhaav farsi resham taka venis kii pahunch parr padaa hoga. sagrado ney inn dastavejon koo leey liya aur unaki nakal kii, jisase unhein duss kii parishad seey fatkaar luggy aur shayed unake rajanyik currier key anta mein teji aaee.
sagrado marcels, genoa aur milan key madhyam seey venis laut aaya. shaah abbas ney unhein 1611 mein venis ganarajya mein faras key liye 'general procurator' niyukt kiya aur 1613 mein unhone venis key vyaapaar mandal mein seey ack key roop mein dou saal kii seva shuru kii.
baad mein galileo key saath sambandh.
jaba taka sagrado venis galileo laut aaya, taba taka vaha florence chalaa gayaa thaa aur donon phir kabhi naheen milane vaale they-usake baad unakaa rishta poori tarah seey patra dwara thaa. 1612 seey 1620 taka key unake patrachar mein vibhinn vishay shamil hainh prakashiki aur lens utpaadan, thermoscopy, maanchitran, samay kshetra, jwaar siddhant, jalsthaitikta aur chumbakatva, lekin kutte, chitrakala, saahitya, sharaab aur mahilaaen bhee. sagrado ney tapman key matratmak maap koo saksham karane key liye galileo key thermoscope mein ack paimana jodaa, aur adhik suvidhajanak portable thermometer kaa utpaadan kiya. sagrado ney galileo key saath darpan (ack paraavartit doorbeen) kaa upayog karke doorbeen kii sambhavana parr bhee charcha kii.
juuna 1619 mein, galileo aur sagrado ney chitron kaa adaan-pradaan kiya. sagrado kaa chitra leandro basano dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh chitra unake saamane ack killim parr dogg seey unake commission key saath unakaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye joe vaigyaanik upkaranon key prastaav key badale mein abbas I seey ack upahaar thaa. vartamaan mein ashmolean sangrahalaya mein chitra galileo key kamaron mein latka huaa haye, jabaki unhone 1632 kii "dou mukhya vishva pranaliyon key baare mein samvaad" aur 1638 key "dou nae vigyaan" donon likhe hain. inn karyon mein galileo ney apane dost koo amar curr diyaa haih sagrado inn karyon mein seey ack paatr haye. samvaad" koo ack sagrado mahal mein bhee sthaapit kiya gayaa haye, halanki vaastav mein sagrado ney 1611 mein parivarik mahal chhod diyaa thaa. 1615 seey 1618 taka vaha paalaazo donna mein rahate they. stin aur, 1618 seey 1620 taka, see. aeye. foskari mein.
sagrado key dou anya chitron kii pehchaan kii gaee haye, ack ukraine mein zytomir kshetriya sangrahalaya mein aur doosara ack niji sangrah mein.
mrityu.
sagrado kii mrityu 5 march 1620 koo hui aur sarpi ney unakaa antim ikbalia bayaan sunaa. unhein apane pitaa key paas parivaar key gupt grih mein dafnaya gayaa thaa. francisco della vigna. usaki sampatti usake bhaai zakaria koo hastaantarit kii gaee jisane usake sabhi vaigyaanik upkaranon kaa niptan kiya aur usake patron kaa sangrah naheen milaa haye. gilbert koo sagrado key patra landan kii bheeshan aag mein nasht hoe gaye they.

