
joseph kaasa-wubu

joseph kaasa-wubu, vaikalpik roop seey joseph kasavubu, (-24 march 1969) ack kangoli rajneta they jinhone 1960 seey 1965 taka kango loktaantrik ganarajya (taba kango ganarajya) key pahale rashtrapati key roop mein kaary kiya.
kongo jaatiya samooh key sadasya, kaasa-wubu 1950 key dashak mein gathbandhan days bakongo (abaco) party key netaa bunn gaye aur jald hii belgium key aupaniveshik shasson seey kongo kii swatantrata key pramukh prastaavak bunn gaye. isake baad way pradhaanmantri key roop mein patrice lumumba key saath gathbandhan mein desh key pahale rashtrapati baney. 1960 mein desh kii swatantrata key ack saptah seey bhee cumm samay baad, unaki sarkaar koo alag andolanon aur vidrohon kii ack shrinkhala, kango sankat kaa saamana karna padaa. iss samay key dauran, kaasa-wubu, ack madhyamaargi, vampanthi lumumba key saath takra gayaa jaba vampanthi ney soviyat sangh seey sahaayata kaa adesh diyaa, jisase raajneetik gatirodh paida hoe gayaa. kaasa-wubu ney taba lumumba kii sarkaar koo bhang curr diyaa, usa parr saamyavaadi sahaanubhooti rakhane kaa aarop lagaaya. 1961 mein lumumba key nishpaadan key baad, kaasa-wubu ney kamjor sarkaaron kii ack shrinkhala kii adhyakshata kii, jabaki lumumba key samarthakon dwara baad key vidrohon kaa saamana kiya. 1965 mein, unhein joseph-dezire mobutu dwara ack aur takhtapalat mein ukhaad fenka gayaa aur chaar saal baad unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
praarambhik jeevan.
joseph kaasa-wubu kaa janm belgium key kongo key paschim mein baas-kongo mein meyombe jile key kuma-disey gaanv mein huaa thaa. vibhinn sroton ney unake janm varsh koo 1910,1913,1915 yaa 1917 key roop mein soochibaddh kiya haye, halanki 1915 sabse sambhaavit tithi haye. vaha yombe logon key parivaar mein nau bachchon mein seey aathven they, ack jaatiya samooh joe kongo logon kaa ack upsamooh haye. unake pitaa ack safal kisan they, jinhone ack swatantra udyami key roop mein, kebinda mein sadak vyapariyon key saath vyaapaar kiya aur gaanv key baahari ilaake mein apana ghar banaaya. isase unhein graminon kii dushmani millie aur unaki shatruta koo shaant karane key prayaas mein unhone swechha seey kaasa key pedh seey nikaale gaye padaarth key saath "jahar pareekshan" karaaya. ghatana key smaran mein unake naam parr "kaasa" shabd jodaa gayaa thaa. kaasa-wubu kii maan kii mrityu unake janm key chaar saal baad hui, aur unake pitaa kii mrityu 1936 mein hui. 31 janwari 1925 koo unhein tshela key paas kizu key shadyantrakari catholic mission mein joseph key isai naam seey bapatisma diyaa gayaa thaa.
1927 mein kaasa-wubu ney praathamik vidyalaya mein teesare varsh key star parr dakhila liya. agale varsh vaha shela seey 50 kilometres door mabata-keela mein ack chhote seey madarse mein sthanantarit hoe gaye. vahaan unhone apani praathamik padhaai poori kii aur pramukh madarse mein shiksha kii taiyari mein lattin aur manaviki seekhana shuru kiya. ack mehnati chhaatr, kaasa-wubu ney 1936 mein apani kaksha mein dusare sthaan parr snaatak kiya aur unhein kasai praant mein zimbabwe madarse mein bharti karaaya gayaa. unhone ack niyukt pujari banane seey pahale teen saal key darshan aur paanch saal key dharamshastra kaa adhyayan karane kaa irada rakhaa. 1939 mein poorv pathyakramon key puuraa honey key baad unhein bishap dwara nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
kaasa-wubu baad mein meyombe laut aaya aur kangu mission key liye ack bookiper key roop mein kaam shuru kiya. prati maah 80 frank key apane vetan seey asantusht, kaasa-wubu ney prashikshak kii pariksha utteern kii aur 1941 kii shuruat mein mission school mein chhathi kaksha key shikshak bunn gaye. haalaanki, unake vetan mein vriddhi naheen kii gaee aur unhone varishth aur sthaaniya bishap key saath khuli asahamati mein mission chhod diyaa. meey mein unhein ack krishi aur lakadi kii company agrifor mein ack naee naukari mill gaee. 500 frank key masik vetan key saath, unhone shaadi karane key liye aarthik roop seey paryaapt surakshit mahsoos kiya; 10 octuber koo kangu mission mein ack catholic samaroh mein kaasa-wubu ney hortens nagma masunda seey shaadi kii. unake nau bachche they.
juuna 1942 mein kaasa-wubu ney kango kii rajdhani leopoldville mein belgium aupaniveshik prashaasan key vitt vibhaag mein clerk key roop mein naukari arjit kii. unhone vahaan 15 varshon taka kaam kiya, mukhya clerk kaa pada praapt kiya, joe belgium key shasson key tahat kango key sivil sevakon key liye upalabdh rojgar kaa uchchatam star thaa. 1956 mein way prashaasan key sabhi samanya bhandaron key liye lekha key prabhaari they.
raajneetik gatividhiyaan.
kaasa-wubu ney ardh-gupt raajneetik ayojan kaary shuru kiya, jabaki way abhee bhee aupaniveshik adhikaariyon dwara niyojit they.
21 march 1954 koo apane netaa key istife key baad, kaasa-wubu koo gathbandhan days bakongo (abaco) kaa adhyaksh chunaa gayaa. unake netritva mein, samooh ney 1957 mein pahale khule nagarpalika leopoldville chunaavon mein jeet hassil kii aur vaha shahar key dendell jile key mahapour chune gaye.
kaasa-wubu jaldi hii swatantrata kaa ahwan karane vaale pahale kangoli netaaon mein seey ack key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. sabse pahale, unhone 30 saal kii samay seema parr belgium seey swatantrata kii vakaalat kii, lekin abaco andolan key majboot honey key saath unhone samay sarini koo chhota curr diyaa. dendell key mahapour key roop mein apane udghaatan bhaashan mein, kaasa-wubu ney swatantrata kii apani maang koo dohraya, jisamen belgium key aupaniveshik adhikaariyon seey fatkaar lagaai gaee, jisane kewal ack kangoli netaa key roop mein unaki chhavi koo majboot kiya.
4 janwari 1959 koo, kaasa-wubu dwara aayojit ack abaco raajneetik sabhaa hinsa mein badal gaee, jisase leopoldville dange bhadak gaye, joe swatantrata key liye kango key sangharsh mein ack mahatvapurna kshan thaa. kaasa-wubu african raashtravaad parr bheed koo sambodhit karane key liye taiyar thaa, lekin aupaniveshik adhikaariyon ney baithak parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. way bheed koo shaant karane mein asamarth they aur hajaaron kangoli logon ney dange karna shuru curr diyaa. kaasa-wubu koo kaee anya netaaon key saath giraftar kiya gayaa aur dangon koo bhadkane key liye jail mein daal diyaa gayaa. dou maheene baad unhein riha curr diyaa gayaa.
adhyakshata.
belgium seey kango kii swatantrata key baad, abaco ney naee sansad mein mahatvapurna sankhya mein vote jeete lekin ekmusht jeet naheen. ack raajneetik samjhaute mein, yeh sahamati bunny kii mouvement national congolise (aim. aine. see.) key patrice lumumba pradhaanmantri honge, aur kaasa-wubu rashtrapati pada key liye abaco mein ack poorv maargdarshak jeane bolikango kaa saamana karenge. kaasa-wubu key chunaav ney kango key nae prashaasan kii vyaapak sweekriti koo janm diyaa. belgium key press ney vikas parr sakaratmak pratikriya vyakt kii, jabaki ack kongo dwara sampaadit leopoldville key dainik samachar patra "corrier dee 'afric" ney sarkaar kii bahut germ manjuri dikhaai. netritva mein uchit santulan banaae rakhane parr antarrashtriya raay ney santosh vyakt kiya. belgium key raajnetaon koo ummeed thee kii kaasa-wubu belgium key liye lumumba key aavegon aur vyaktigat tiraskar koo roque dega. unhone 27 juuna koo aadhikarik taur parr rashtrapati key roop mein shapath lii thee.
nayaa ganarajya raajneetik aur sainya sangharsh aur kshetriya algavvadi andolanon seey turant baadhit hoe gayaa thaa, aur kendra sarkaar roodhivaadi kaasa-wubu aur vampanthi pradhaan mantri lumumba key beach sangharsh seey pangu hoe gaee thee. jabaki lumumba ney ack majboot kendriya sarkaar kii vakaalat kii, kaasa-wubu ney sarkaar key ack adhik vikendrikrit roop koo prathamikta dee joe ack sanghiya pranali key tahat praanton koo swaayatt shaktiyan detee thee.
kaasa-wubu koo unaki preranaon aur unake karyon mein rahasyamay maanaa jaataa thaa, aksar chup rehna yaa jaba unakaa saamana kiya jaataa thaa tou aspasht uttar denaa pasand karate they. raajya key pramukh key roop mein unaki bhoomika saiddhaantik roop seey aupchaarik thee aur pradhaanmantri key roop mein lumumba kii bhoomika kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm prabhaavshaali thee. swatantrata key baad tatkaal uthal-puthal key dauran, kaasa-wubu ney kuchh kadam uthaaye aur kuchh nishchit bayaan diye, yahaan taka kii lumumba ney amerikiyon, sanyukt rashtron aur soviyat sangh koo antarrashtriya sahaayata key liye appeal kii. iss beach, lumumba key sattawadi karyon parr ankush naheen lagaane key liye kaasa-wubu koo abaco aur congo-brazzaville key rashtrapati fulbert yulou kii aalochana kaa saamana karna padaa. unhone unake dabaav kaa virodh kiya aur 13 agast koo unhone sarkaar key liye ekataa aur samarthan kii appeal prasaarit kii. phir bhee, unhone sarkaar koo manmani aur atee key khilaf agah kiyaah
yadi main kaanoon dwara nirdhaarit seemaon key bheetar sarkaar kaa samarthan karane aur usaki raksha karane key liye ack naitik daayitva key tahat huun, tou sarkaar key sadasyon kaa swayam ack team key roop mein milkar kaam karna kartavya haye. unaki neeti sarkaar kii neeti honey chaahiye naa kii ack dall, ack jaati yaa ack janjaati kii. yeh ack aisee neeti honey chaahiye joe rashtra key hiton koo darshaati hoe aur joe swatantrata mein maanviya moolyon koo panapane detee hoe. yeh anivaaryata una logon key prati ghrina, sandeh aur burey vishvaas kii sabhi bhaavanaon koo baahar karati haye jinhone hamaare saath wafadari seey sahyog kiya haye. yeh sarkaar kaa kartavya bhee haye kii vaha una sansthanon kaa sammaan karey joe sthaapit kiye gaye hain aur loktaantrik pratha key samanya niyamon kaa paalan karein.
5 sitambar koo kaasa-wubu ney lumumba kii sarkaar koo bhang curr diyaa, jiss parr unhone saamyavaadi sahaanubhooti kaa aarop lagaaya. lumumba ney unaki barkhastagi koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa aur kaasa-wubu kii barkhastagi kii ghoshana kii, jisase ack gatirodh paida hoe gayaa joe 14 sitambar taka banaa rhaa, jaba senaa commander joseph-decire mobutu ney satta parr kabja curr liya aur lumumba koo giraftar curr liya. lumumba koo baad mein katanga mein mois shombe key algavvadi raajya koo saunp diyaa gayaa aur mobutu, kaasa-wubu, mois shombe aur paschimi shaktiyon key kathit sangathan key tahat unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee, jinake kongo mein praakritik sansadhanon mein hita they.
agale paanch varshon mein, kaasa-wubu ney kamjor sarkaaron key uttaradhikar kii adhyakshata kii. katanga key algaav key anta key baad, kaasa-wubu ney julaai 1964 mein ubharate simba vidroh koo samaapt karane key janadesh key saath shombe koo pradhaan mantri key roop mein niyukt kiya. tshombe ney nirvaasit katangis gendermary koo vaapas bulaa liya aur unhein armi national congolize (aeye. aine. see.) key saath ekikrit karate hue safed bhaade key sainikon kii bharti kii. kaee bhaade key sainikon ney katanga key liye ladaai ladee thee jabaki shombe usa alag hue praant key netaa they. simba vidrohiyon key khilaf safaltaon key bavjood, shwet bhaade key sainikon aur paschimi balon key upayog seey shombe kii pratishtha koo nuksan pahuncha. unhone kaasa-wubu kaa samarthan khou diyaa, jinhone unhein octuber 1965 mein pradhaanmantri key pada seey barkhast curr diyaa.
mobutu ney 25 navambar 1965 koo doosari baar satta parr kabja curr liya, abb kaasa-wubu koo padchyut curr diyaa aur baad mein khud koo raajya kaa pramukh ghoshit curr diyaa.
mrityu.
mobutu ney kaasa-wubu koo nazarband curr diyaa, isase pahale kii padchyut rashtrapati koo antatah meyombe mein apane khet mein sevaanivritt honey kii anumati dee jaae. kaasa-wubu kii mrityu chaar saal baad 1969 mein boma key ack aspatal mein hui, sambhavatah ack lambi bimari key baad.
viraasat.
kaasa-wubu kaa parivaar unaki mrityu key baad nirvaasan mein chalaa gayaa, pahale algeria aur phir switzerland. unaki ack betty, justine mapoyo kaasa-wubu, antatah 1990 key dashak mein congo (taba zair kahaa jaataa thaa) mein laut aaee. 1997 mein, unhein laurent kabila dwara cabinet mantri aur phir belgium mein rajdoot niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unake samarthakon key aagrah parr sitambar 2002 mein unake makbare parr kaasa-wubu key chehare kii ack pratima khadee kii gaee thee.
kango key itihas mein kaasa-wubu kii bhoomika koo lumumba aur mobutu dwara saahitya mein chhaaya gayaa haye. maanavvigyaani yolanda covington -word ney likhaa kii kangoli raashtravaad parr itihas lekhan mein lumumba kii "visheshaadhikaar praapt" sthiti key vipareet, kaasa-wubu aur abaco swatantrata andolan key peechhe praathamik "prerak shakti" they.