
purvi nichale kshetra gorilla

purvi nichale kshetra kii gorilla (gorilla beringi greuri) yaa grayer gorilla purvi gorilla kii ack gambhir roop seey luptapray upa-prajaati haye joe kongo key purvi loktaantrik ganarajya key pahaadi jangalon mein paaee jaati haye. iss gorilla kii mahatvapurna aabaadi kahuzi-biga aur mico rashtriya udyaanon aur unake aspas key jangalon, taayana gorilla reserve, usala vann aur etombway massif mein rahati haye.
yeh chaar gorilla upa-prajaatiyon mein sabse badee haye. isamen pahaadi gorilla (gorilla beringai beringai) kii tarah ack jett black coat haye, halanki sir aur shareer parr baal chhote hotey hain. anya gorillaon kii tarah purush kaa coat, pashu key paripakva honey key saath gray hoe jaataa haye, jisake parinamswarup padnam "silverback" hotaa haye.
paschimi nichale ilaakon key gorilla kii tulanaa mein purvi nichale ilaakon mein gorilla bahut cumm hain. 2004 kii ack report key anusaar, 100,000 seey adhik paschimi nichale gorilla kii tulanaa mein, 2016 mein kewal 5,000 purvi nichale gorilla they, joe ghatkar 3,800 seey cumm hoe gaye. haalaanki, 2021 mein ack sarvekshan ney 6,800 taka kaa anuman diyaa kii girawat utani buri naheen thee jitani ashanka thee, halanki way abhee bhee gambhir khatron kaa saamana curr rahey hain. apani mool seema key baahar, kewal ack mahila purvi nichale kshetra kii gorilla belgium key entwerp chidiyaghar mein kaid mein rahati haye.
bhautik vivaran.
purvi nichale kshetra key gorilla gorilla kii sabse badee upa-prajaati aur sabse badey jeevit narwanar hain. purushon kaa vajan chaar purushon key aadhar parr hotaa haye, halanki mahilaaon kaa vajan ack chhota namuna aakar thaa. purush beach-beach khade hotey hain, jabaki mahilaaen pahunchati hain. aathh jangli vayask purushon key aadhar parr ganana kiya gayaa ack purana vajan haye.
awas aur paaristhitiki.
gorilla harr dinn paudhon key padaarth koo khaane mein lambe samay taka bitaate hain. gorilla sthir wanner hotey hain kyonki way ack samay mein maheenon aur varshon taka ack saath rahate hain, bahut hudd taka ack parivaar kii sanrachana kii tarah. purvi nichale gorillaon key samooh aamtaur parr paschimi gorillaon kii tulanaa mein badey hotey hain.
purvi nichale kshetra key gorilla mein kissy bhee gorilla upa-prajaati kii sabse adhik oonchaai vaali shrinkhala haye, joe pahaadi, sankramankalin aur nichale kshetra key ushnakatibandhiya jangalon mein paaee jaati haye. sabse adhik adhyayan kiye gaye purvi nichale ilaakon mein seey ack gorilla aabaadi kahuzi-biga key uchch bhoomi mein rahati haye, jahan ghaney praathamik jangalon seey laker madhyam nama jangal, cyperus daldal aur peat bogh key beach awas bhinn hotey hain.
gorilla kele key phal naheen khaate hain, lekin way paushtik pith khaane key liye kele key pedon koo nasht curr sakate hain. purvi nichale kshetra mein gorilla parityakt gaanvon aur kheton seey judee vanaspati koo phir seey paida karane key liye prathamikta dikhaata haye. joe kisan apane baganon mein gorilla key sampark mein aae hain, unhone gorilla koo maar daala haye aur apani fasal kii raksha karate hue aur gorilla key maans kaa upayog bajar mein bechane key liye karate hue dohra laabh praapt kiya haye.
purvi nichale ilaakon mein gorilla mein phal, patte, tanon aur chhaal key saath-saath cheentiyon aur deemak jaise chhote keeton sahit vibhinn prakaar key paudhe hotey hain. haalaanki way kabhi-kabhi cheentiyon koo khaate hain, keede unake aahar kaa kewal ack chhota saa hissa banaate hain. paschimi nichale ilaakon key gorilla kii tulanaa mein, joe cumm oonchaai vaale ushnakatibandhiya jangalon mein paae jaate hain, purvi nichale ilaakon key gorilla bahut cumm yatra karate hain aur jadee-bootiyon vaali vanaspati kii khapat mein vriddhi karate hain.
vyavhaar.
purvi nichale ilaakon mein gorilla atyadhik milansar aur bahut shantipurna hotey hain, joe dou seey 30 seey adhik key samoohon mein rahate hain. ack samooh mein aamtaur parr ack silverback, kaee maadaaen aur unaki santaanen hoti hain. silverback majboot hotey hain aur pratyek samooh mein ack pramukh netaa hotaa haye (alfa purush dekhein). yeye purush apane samooh koo khatare seey bachaate hain. yuva silverback purush dheere-dheere apane janm dene vaale samooh koo chhodana shuru curr denge jaba way paripakvata taka pahunchenge, aur phir mahilaaon koo apana samooh banaane key liye aakarshit karane kaa prayaas karenge.
purvi nichale ilaakon key gorillaon key samajik vyavhaar, itihas aur paaristhitiki key baare mein apekshaakrit cumm jaankaari haye, aanshik roop seey kango key loktaantrik ganarajya mein grih yuddh key kaaran. haalaanki, samajik vyavhaar key kuchh pahaluon kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa haye. udaaharan key liye, gorilla haram banaate hain jisamen dou poorna vikasit narr shamil hoe sakate hain. purvi africa mein gorilla samoohon key ack tihai key samooh mein dou vayask purush hain.
adhikansh narwanar maadaon key beach sambandhon seey ack saath bandhe hotey hain, ack pattern joe kaee maanav parivaaron mein bhee dekhaa jaataa haye. ack baar jaba way paripakva hoe jaate hain, tou mahila aur purush donon aamtaur parr samooh chhod dete hain. mahilaaen aamtaur parr kissy anya samooh yaa ekal vayask purush mein shamil hoe jaati hain, jabaki purush asthaayi roop seey ack saath reh sakate hain, jaba taka kii way mahilaaon koo aakarshit naheen karate aur apane swayam key samooh sthaapit naheen karate. aamtaur parr yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii gorilla samooh kii sanrachana shikaar koo rokane key liye haye.
prajanan.
ack mahila lagbhag maheenon kii garbhavastha avadhi key baad ack ekal shishu koo janm degi. way lagbhag teen saal taka stanpan karaate hain. bachcha lagbhag nau saptah kii umr mein reng sakata haye aur lagbhag 35 saptah kii umr mein chala sakata haye. shishu gorilla aam taur parr apani maan key saath teen seey chaar saal taka rahate hain aur lagbhag 8 saal (maadaa) aur 12 saal (purush) kii umr mein paripakva hoe jaate hain.
dhamkiyaan.
purvi nichale kshetra key gorilla key astitva key liye khatron mein avaidh shikaar, nagrik ashanti aur lakadi key kataai, khanan aur krishi key madhyam seey gorilla key nivaas sthaan kaa vinash shamil haye.
bushmet.
purvi nichale ilaakon mein gorilla kii aabaadi mein girawat kaa praathamik kaaran maans kaa avaidh shikaar haye, jise bushmet key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. ise grih yuddh seey prabhaavit kshetra mein rahane vaale visthaapit logon, milicia samoohon aur loggers aur khanikon dwara khaaya jaataa haye. sarvekshanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii badey bandar, chimpanzi aur bonobo mein jhaadi key maans key baajaron mein paae jaane vaale maans kaa 0.5-2% shamil haye. kuchh shodhkartaon ney paaya haye kii salana jhaadiyon key maans taka kaa vyaapaar kiya jaataa haye. prajanan kii dheemi darr aur pahale seey hii sangharsharat aabaadi key kaaran iska purvi nichale ilaakon mein gorilla aabaadi parr hanikarak prabhaav padata haye. haalaanki gorilla bushmet beche jaane vaale bushmet kaa kewal ack chhota saa anupaat haye, lekin yeh shikaar key adheen gorilla aabaadi mein girawat koo protsaahit karna jaari rakhta haye. luptapray prajaatiyon key antarrashtriya ney kahaa kii kongo mein bushmet baajaron kii aapoorti key liye harr saal 300 gorilla maare jaate hain.
nagrik ashanti.
kango loktaantrik ganarajya mein nagrik ashanti key parinamswarup purvi nichale gorilla mein girawat aaee haye. purvi gorillaon dwara basey kshetra mein pichhale 50 varshon seey kamee aaee haye. yeh primate prajaati abb apane aitihaasik kshetra kaa kewal 13 pratishat hissa letee haye. iss kshetra mein hinsa ney shodh koo kathin banaa diyaa haye, halanki, vaigyaanikon ney anuman lagaaya haye kii 1990 key dashak key madhya seey jansankhya mein 50 pratishat seey adhik kii kamee aaee haye. 1990 key dashak key madhya mein, jansankhya lagbhag 17,000 gorilla darj kii gaee thee.
kango key loktaantrik ganarajya mein grihyuddh kaa matlab haye kii sainya samooh lambe samay taka jangal mein rahate hain. iss prakaar, avaidh shikaar badh gayaa haye kyonki milicia aur sharanarthi bhookhe hoe gaye hain. sainya netaaon ney rashtriya udyaanon mein udyaan suraksha guards koo bhee nirastra curr diyaa haye, jiska arth haye kii udyaan key bheetar honey vaali gatividhiyon aur sashastr sainikon kaa saamana karane parr isamen pravesh karane vaalon parr unakaa koee niyantran naheen haye. iss kshetra mein maujood milicia samooh purvi nichale gorilla kii suraksha koo pratibandhit karate hain. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii ack adhyayan mein gyaat 240 gorillaon mein seey aadhe seey adhik avaidh shikaar key parinamswarup maare gaye hain. shodhkartaon ney yeh bhee kahaa haye kii udyaan key baahar key kshetron mein gasht karna adhik kathin haye aur avaidh shikaar key uchch star koo khojane kii ummeed haye.
sanrakshan samoohon ney vidrohiyon key saath baatchit kii joe yuddh shuru honey key baad park gaard koo phir seey sashastr karane key liye kongo key purvi loktaantrik ganarajya koo niyantrit karate hain, park key sarkari vittaposhan koo roque diyaa gayaa thaa. sanrakshan samoohon, antarrashtriya gorilla sanrakshan karyakram aur duesh gasselshaft farr technische zusamenarbeat (german vikas agency) ney pichhale kaee varshon seey guards koo vitt poshit kiya haye.
kaee bahurashtriya nigam apratyaksh roop seey hain, aur kuchh seedhe taur parr, kshetra seey avaidh sansadhanon koo kharidkar yaa sainya hathiyaron key liye vyaapaar sansadhanon dwara kango key loktaantrik ganarajya mein grihyuddh kaa vittaposhan karate hain. 2007 kii reports mein kahaa gayaa haye kii 2007 mein casiterite (45 million americi dollar), wolframite (4.27 million americi dollar) aur colton (5.42 million americi dollar) kaa niryaat kiya gayaa thaa. colton vishesh roop seey bahurashtriya nigamon dwara avaidh roop seey khareede gaye mukhya niryaat sansadhanon mein seey ack haye aur cellphone key liye isake upayog key kaaran isaki maang badh rahee haye. 2007 mein akele traxy ney colton kharida joe kango key poore colton key loktaantrik ganarajya kaa 57 pratishat haye. sanyukt rashtra paryaavaran karyakram ney bataaya kii bahurashtriya nigamon aur audyogik deshon mein pension fund key sansadhanon koo "sahayak companiyon key madhyam seey bhrashtachar aur hathiyaron kii bikri key vittaposhan mein madad karane key liye nirdeshit kiya jaataa haye, aisee prakriyaaen jinamen 'sangharsh' praakritik sansaadhan shamil hoe sakate hain" niji companiyon koo sansadhanon key liye hathiyaron kaa vyaapaar karane yaa sahayak companiyon key madhyam seey hathiyaron taka pahunch pradaan karane key liye paaya gayaa haye.
1994 mein ravandan narsamhar seey pratyaksh aur apratyaksh roop seey sambandhit lagbhag 20 laakh loga, mukhya roop seey virunga rashtriya udyaan mein, tanzania aur kango key loktaantrik ganarajya mein bhaag gaye. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii udyaan kii seema seey lagey dee. aar. see. mein paanch shiviron (kataale, cahindo, kibumba, mugunga aur laakh verts) mein 720,000 sharanarthi reh rahey they, 24. vanon kii kataai hui kyonki 80,000 sharanarthi lakadi khojane key liye pratidin udyaan mein jaate they. vanon kii kataai 0.12 varg kilometres prati dinn kii darr seey hui. 1996 mein ack baar kango yuddh shuru honey key baad, 500,000 sharanarthi baney rahey, jisase purvi nichale gorilla sahit praakritik sansadhanon parr dabaav padaa.
lakadi kaatna, khanan aur krishi.
bhoomi parr koee adhikaar naheen rakhane vaali companiyon yaa kanuni bhoomidharakon dwara avaidh logging hoe sakati haye. adhik kataai ack avaidh pratha haye joe aksar kanuni riyayat dhaarak dwara sanchaalit kii jaati haye aur vanon kii kataai aur avaidh sansadhanon key niryaat koo protsaahit karati haye. logg kiye gaye kshetra gorilla key pramukh nivaas sthaan hain aur inhen ack antarrashtriya chinta maanaa jaataa haye. isaliye avaidh shoshan mein shamil companiyan kshetra mein paryavaraniya vinash koo protsaahit karati hain aur milicia samoohon dwara niyantrit avaidh niryaat udyog koo badhaava detee hain.
sanrakshan.
udyaan sanrakshan.
kango key loktaantrik ganarajya mein adhikansh udyaan asurakshit kshetra hain joe park rangers kii pahunch koo pratibandhit karate hain. halanki park rangers koo avaidh shikaar koo rokane key liye prashikshit kiya jaataa haye, lekin park rangers kii chhoti sankhya key paas sainya samoohon koo sambhaalane key liye aage key prashikshan yaa upkaran taka pahunch naheen haye. udaaharan key liye, virunga rashtriya udyaan mein pichhale 15 varshon mein grih yuddh mein 190 park ranger maare gaye hain. kaanoon seema paar sahyog koo lagu karate hain aur purvi nichale ilaakon mein gorilla key avaidh nishkarshan koo cumm karane mein safal saabit hue hain, jise seemaon key paar parivahan kii pulis dwara cumm kiya gayaa haye. isase kshetra mein milicia key liye upalabdh vittiya nivesh cumm hoe gayaa haye. halanki park ranger kshetra seey baahar leey jaae jaa rahey avaidh sansadhanon kii matra koo seemit karane mein safal rahey hain, lekin milicia samoohon ney park rangers koo dhamki dene key liye jaanboojhkar gorilla key ack samooh koo maar curr jawabi kaarravaai kii haye. 22 julaai 2007 koo, lakadi jaise avaidh sansadhanon key niryaat mein park rangers key hastakshep key pratishodh mein 10 gorilla maare gaye they.
padosi deshon key parinamswarup iss kshetra mein milicia niyantran mein haye. yeye milicia samooh padosi deshon, bhrasht adhikaariyon aur kaee bahurashtriya companiyon kii sahayak companiyon seey hathiyaron key badale mein avaidh roop seey khanijon aur lakadi kaa vyaapaar karate hain. gorilla koo bhee seedhe milicia samoohon dwara khatra haye kyonki poore jangal mein yaadrichhik roop seey booby trap kii vyaapaktaa haye. haalaanki purvi nichale ilaakon mein gorilla kii aabaadi seedhe taur parr milicia samoohon kii hinsa seey prabhaavit haye, lekin unaki aabaadi mukhya roop seey praakritik sansadhanon key nishkarshan seey nivaas sthaan mein vyavadhaan seey khatare mein haye.
aanuvanshik adhyayan.
kuchh gorilla aabaadi mein prajanan avasaad key pahale seey hii pramaan they, joe syndactly jaise janm doshon key madhyam seey spasht they. gorilla kii sabhi chaar upa-prajaatiyon koo shamil karane vaale ack halia genome adhyayan kaa uddeshya gorilla kii shesh aabaadi key beach vividhata aur vichalan key star kii pehchaan karna thaa. parinamon seey pataa chalaa kii purvi nichale kshetra kii gorilla upa-prajaati vaastav mein dou alag-alag upsamooh they. yeh vibhajan namoone mein liye gaye vyaktiyon kii cumm sankhya key kaaran yaa upa-prajaatiyon key bheetar samajik sanrachanaon key kaaran hoe sakata haye. parinam bataate hain kii purvi nichale kshetra kii gorilla upa-prajaati key bheetar, bhinnata kii atyadhik kamee haye, joe upa-prajaati key praakritik chayan seey gujarane aur unake paryaavaran key anukool honey kii kshamata koo cumm curr sakati haye. vividhata kii yeh kamee sansthapakon kii seemit sankhya aur pravaas key nimn star key kaaran maani jaati haye, jisake parinamswarup inn chhoti aabaadi mein uchch star kaa prajanan huaa haye. purvi nichale kshetra key gorilla key liye sanrakshan hastakshepon ney purvi nichale kshetra key upsamuhon key beach bandee prajanan karyakramon yaa sthanantaran koo lagu karane kaa sujhaav diyaa haye.

