
kurdistan kshetra sansad

kurdistan kii sansad (yaa buss parleman), jise kurd sansad (aaee. key. pee.) bhee kahaa jaataa haye, iraq key kurdistan kshetra kii sansad haye. yeh vibhinn dalon, soochiyon yaa slates key pratinidhiyon seey banaa haye joe vartamaan mein kurdistan kshetriya sarkaar dwara shaasit kurdistan kshetra key praanton key nivaasiyon dwara harr chaar saal mein chune jaate hain. 2009 mein varsh 1992 key kurdistan chunaav kaanoon mein ack sanshodhan lagu kiya gayaa thaa, aur taba seey nikaay koo isake pichhale naam kurd rashtriya sabhaa key bajaay kurd sansad key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa.
aaee. key. pee. ack 111 sadasyiya ack sadaniya nikaay haye jisamen 11 seeten kurdistan kshetra key gair-kurdish alpasankhyak samudaayon key liye aarakshit hain. ikap imarat kurdistan kshetra kii rajdhani irbil mein sthit haye.
aaee. key. pee. prati varsh dou satra aayojit kartaa haye, pratyek chaar maheene kii avadhi koo cover kartaa haye. aaee. key. pee. samitiyon dwara kaam kartaa haye joe kanuni mamalon, shiksha aur uchch shiksha, vitt aur arthavyavastha aur sanskriti jaise kuchh kshetron parr dhyaan kendrit karati hain. vidhaayi prastaav aur vidheyak mantralayon kii kshetriya parishad key madhyam seey yaa sansad key duss vyaktigat sadasyon key samarthan seey shuru kiye jaate hain.
sanrachana, kaary aur sansthaapak siddhant.
sansad kurdistan kshetra kaa loktaantrik roop seey nirvaachit vidhaayi nikaay haye, jisamen ack nirvaachit kaksh hotaa haye. aaee. key. pee. key teen mukhya kaary nae kaanoon key prastaavon kii jaanch karna, sarkari neeti aur prashaasan kii jaanch karna aur dinn key pramukh muddon parr bahas karna haye.
ikap key sansthaapak siddhant swatantrata, bahulvaad, jawabdehi, khulepan aur kurdistan kshetra mein sabhi logon kaa pratinidhitva hain.
sabhaa kaa itihas.
1991 key khaadi yuddh key baad iraq key sainya balon dwara kiye gaye hamalon seey nagrikon kii raksha key liye, america, britten aur france ney akshansh kii 36 veen rekha key oopar ack noo-fly zone shuru kiya joe kurdistan koo paar kartaa haye. jameen parr, gyaarah deshon key sainya balon dwara ack suraksha kshetra sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. inn noo-fly aur suraksha kshetron ney sharanarthiyon koo dridhata seey samarthan diyaa aur protsaahit kiya, jinamen way bhee shamil they joe 1970 key dashak mein chaley gaye they, apane gharon koo lautane key liye.
baad mein 1991 mein, sadaam hussain ney kurdistan kshetra key kuchh hisson seey rashtriya dhwaj sahit apani senaa aur apane prashaasan koo vaapas leey liya. iraq parr antarrashtriya pratibandh key kaaran hui kathinaaee koo badhaate hue, sadaam hussain ney iss kshetra parr ack atirikt aantarik pratibandh lagu kiya jisane khaadya aur eendhan kii aapoorti koo roque diyaa, bijli kaa connection kaat diyaa aur desh key anya hisson mein logon kii aavaajaahi koo roque diyaa.
prashaasnik shoonya aur dohare pratibandh kaa saamana karate hue, kurdistan kshetra mein vividh raajneetik samoohon key gathbandhan, kurdistan morche ney ack aam chunaav karaane kaa faisala kiya. unakaa lakshya aavashyak saarvajanik sevaaon key liye aur logon kii buniyaadi jarooraton koo puuraa karane key liye ack prashaasan sthaapit karna thaa. aabaadi ney apane pratinidhiyon koo chunane kii prabal ichcha bhee vyakt kii. 19 maee 1992 koo aayojit chunaav, iraq key itihas mein pahala swatantra aur nishpaksh sansadiya chunaav thaa. matdan bahut adhik thaa aur antarrashtriya paryavekshakon dwara chunaavon koo swatantra, nishpaksh aur loktaantrik maanaa gayaa thaa. dashakon kii tanashahi key baad, kurdistan key loga apane pratinidhiyon koo vote dene mein saksham they.
iss kshetriya chunaav key kaaran pahali kurdistan rashtriya sabhaa (baad mein kurdistan kshetra sansad) kaa gathan huaa aur kurdistan kshetriya sarkaar kii sthaapana hui. kurdistan kshetra key netritva aur logon ney iraq kaa hissa baney rahane aur maanav aur saarvbhaumik adhikaaron kaa ullanghan karane vaalon koo chhodkar sabhi rashtriya kaanoonon koo apanaane aur unakaa paalan karane kaa faisala kiya.
15 julaai 1992 taka, kurdistan rashtriya sabhaa kaa ayojan hoe gayaa thaa. kaanoon nam. 1, vidhansabha dwara paarit pahala kaanoon, ise kshetra key vidhanmandal key roop mein sthaapit kartaa haye.
chunaav.
1992 key chunaav.
19 maee 1992 koo, kurdon key swatantrata praapt karane key 6 maheene baad, pahale chunaav hue. 7 pratishat kii seema key kaaran sansad mein kewal key. dee. pee. aur pook hii aise dall they jinake paas seeten jeetane kaa mauka thaa. chunaav key parinamswarup key. dee. pee. key liye ack sankeern jeet hui, jisane 45 pratishat vote key saath 51 seeten hassil keen, jabaki 44 pratishat vote key saath pook ney 49 seeten hassil keen. haalaanki, chunaav dhokhadhadi key aaropon key kaaran unhone seeton koo 50-50 vibhajit kiya aur ack ekataa sarkaar banaai. haalaanki sarkaar gir gaee aur isake parinamswarup 1994 mein ack grihyuddh chhid gayaa. pichhali sansadiya baithak 1996 mein aayojit kii gaee thee. isake parinamswarup dou kurdish raajyon kaa nirmaan huaa, ack silemani mein sthit pook-niyantrit raajya aur haveler mein sthit ack kdp-niyantrit raajya, donon ney khud koo kurdistan key vaidh shasakon key roop mein ghoshit kiya.
2005 key chunaav.
2005 key chunaavon kaa praathamik lakshya kurdistan kshetra mein party-shasson koo samaapt karna aur dou pramukh dalon-kurdistan loktaantrik party (kdp) aur kurdistan key deshbhakt sangh (pook)-koo ekjut karna thaa, jinhone 1990 key dashak key madhya mein kshetriya vivaadon aur kurdistan kshetra key niyantran parr grih yuddh ladaa thaa. pahale, iss kshetra koo prashaasnik praanton dwara vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa joe yaa tou kdp yaa pook key niyantran mein they. 2004 mein, donon dalon ney ack ekikrit soochi yaa gathbandhan banaaya jise kurdistan kaa loktaantrik deshbhaktipurna gathbandhan kahaa jaataa haye, jisamen kaee chhote dall bhee shamil they. ashcharya kii baat naheen haye kii gathbandhan koo bahumat (bhaari 90 pratishat) praapt huaa, jisase kdp aur pook koo sarkaar mein pramukh padon koo prabhaavi dhang seey vibhajit karane kii anumati millie. gathbandhan ney sansad mein 111 seeton mein seey 104 seeten hassil keen.
juuna 2012 mein, aaee. key. pee. ney nirvaachit adhyaksh key roop mein masaud barjani key saath apani pahali aadhikarik baithak aayojit kii. chhah lambe maheenon key baad, aaee. key. pee. antatah prashaasnik padon parr sahmat hoe gayaa. 2006 mein, sarkaar koo necharavan idris barjani key saath pradhaanmantri key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa. dalon ney pradhaanmantri key liye sharton parr bhee baatchit kii. key. dee. pee. key sadasya necheravan barjani key dou saal seva karane kii ummeed thee aur 2008 mein unhein ack pook ummidwar key saath pratisthaapit kiya jaayega.
teen kurdish praanton sahit, 2005 mein iraq mein raajya-mandal key chunaav hue they. chunaavon key parinamswarup haveler aur dohuk mein key. dee. pee. kii jeet hui aur pook ney silemani mein jeet hassil kii. kull milakar, pook ney inn 3 praanton mein kull 765,544 maton (43.4%) key saath sabse adhik mutt jeete, halanki unhone kewal 48 seeten jeetin, jabaki 741,483 maton (42 pratishat) key saath key. dee. pee. ney 62 seeten jeetin. anya dalon ney kurdish praanton mein kewal 4 seeten jeetin. kurdish dalon ney bhee nauveh aur kirkuk mein bahumat hassil kiya.
2009 key chunaav.
navintam sansadiya chunaav 25 julaai 2009 koo hue they. kurdistan soochi, kdp aur pook kii ack sanyukt soochi, ney seeton kaa sabse badaa hissa jeetaa aur agali sarkaar banaane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa. pramukh vipakshi dalon mein kramshah 25 aur 13 seeton key saath parivartan soochi aur sudhaar soochi shamil hain. nae pradhaanmantri, puck key barham salih ney 28 octuber 2009 koo padbhar grahan kiya. alpasankhyak turkmen key paas paanch seeten hain aur isai (assyrian aur armenian) chaar seeton key saath pratinidhitva karate hain. iss sarkaar mein 19 mantralaya shamil they.
2005 mein, masood barjani koo sansad dwara kurdistan kshetra key adhyaksh key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa. 2009 mein, key. aar. jee. ney nirnay liya kii rashtrapati kaa chayan abb sansad dwara naheen kiya jaayega, aur isake bajaay, pratyaksh chunaav honge. 2009 key chunaavon mein, rashtrapati barjani ney phir seey chunaav ladaa aur haalo ibrahim ahmed, kamal miravadili, ahmed mohammad rasool aur hussain garmiani sahit kaee vipakshi ummidvaaron kaa saamana kiya. chunaav mein barjani koo lagbhag 70 pratishat vote mille aur yeh ack bhaari jeet thee. kemal miravadili 25 pratishat key saath dusare sthaan parr rahey.
kurdistan sansad kii sanrachana.
kurdistan sansad mein 111 seeten hain (jaisa kii kaanoon sankhya mein nirdhaarit haye. 1 1992 mein naa dwara paarit kiya gayaa). vartamaan mein mahilaaon key paas 39 seeten hain. kanuni aavashyakta yeh haye kii cumm seey cumm 30 pratishat saansad mahilaaen houn (aaee. key. pee. kaanoon sankhya 1 key anusaar. 1, anuchhed 22 kaanoon sam. key anuchhed 10 mein sanshodhit. 2004 key liye 47, kaanoon kaa teesara sanshodhan nam. 1992 key liye 1).
qrg-prashaasit praanton mein assyrian, armenian aur turkmen alpasankhyak samudaayon kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye gyaarah seeten aavantit kii gaee hain.
kurdistan rashtriya sabhaa kii shaktiyaan.
jaisa kii iraq key sanghiya samvidhaan mein pradaan kiya gayaa haye, naa key paas kaee kshetron mein neeti parr bahas karane aur kaanoon banaane kii kaafee shakti haye. isamen kaee samitiyaan hain joe nimnalikhit kshetron parr kaam karati hainh
naa inn kshetron mein sanghiya adhikaariyon key saath vidhaayi shakti saajha kartaa haye, lekin naa key kaanoonon koo prathamikta dee jaati haye. isake alawa, iraqi sanghiya samvidhaan key anuchhed 121 key tahat, aine. aeye. aeye. koo iraq-vyaapi kaanoon key anuprayog mein sanshodhan karane kaa adhikaar haye joe sanghiya adhikaariyon kii vishesh shaktiyon seey baahar haye.
kurdistan rashtriya sabhaa dwara paarit aitihaasik kaanoon.
naa ney kaee kaanoon paarit kiye hain jinhone kshetra kii samajik aur aarthik pragati mein yogdan diyaa haye. inmein shamil hainh ack aadhunik aur khula nivesh kaanoon paarit karna; tathaakathit onar killing karane vaalon key liye jail kii sajaa mein ullekhaniya vriddhi karna, jinhen pahale nyuntam sajaa dee jaati thee. anya kaanoon aur mudde jinn parr aine. aeye. aeye. vichaar curr rhaa haih kurdistan kshetra key liye ack petroleum kaanoon, jiska masauda taiyar kiya gayaa haye aur jiss parr bahas kii jaa rahee haye; kurdistan kshetra key liye ack samvidhaan; aine. aeye. aeye. ney iss parr gaur karane aur ack masauda taiyar karane key liye ack samiti kii sthaapana kii haye; bahuvivaah kii pratha parr seema yaa pratibandh. kurdistan rashtriya sabhaa key sadasya
30 janwari 2005 koo nirvaachit vartamaan sansad mein, ack sadasya swatantra haye aur anya turkmen, assyrian dalon sahit 14 vibhinn raajneetik dalon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. iss sangh key teen sadasya vibhinn raajneetik dalon seey sambandhit hain.
[1] seeton key aavantan kaa sootra ack saral kotaa (khargosh kotaa) kaa upayog karke pahali ganana parr adharit haye, aur baad mein sabse badey avasheshon kaa upayog karke ganana kii jaati haye.
[2] yeye shaktiyaan iraq key sanghiya samvidhaan, anuchhed 114,115,117,120,121,126 aur 141 mein dee gaee hain.
kurdistan rashtriya sabhaa key sadasya
iraq key swatantra chunaav aayog key viniyaman 14/2005 ney chunaavon parr