aavashyak inn vitro nidan kii soochi kaun taiyar kartaa haye

aavashyak inn vitro diagnostics kii soochi kaun taiyar kartaa haye, yaa aavashyak diagnostic parikshanon kii soochi kaun taiyar kartaa haye (adl) ack vishva swaasthya sangathan (joe) chikitsa parikshanon kii prathamikta soochi haye joe vyaktigat deshon key liye margadarshan pradaan kartaa haye kii kinn parikshanon kaa upayog karna haye aur kinn parikshanon kaa upayog naheen karna haye. yeh pahali baar 2018 mein prakaashit huaa thaa, phir 2019 mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, aur teesara sanskaran 2020 mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa.
samudayik parivesh mein pareekshan jahaan koee prayogshala naheen haye, unhein samanya parikshanon aur parikshanon mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye joe roga-vishisht hotey hain. prayogshala suvidhaon key binaa samudaay mein jinn rogon kaa pareekshan kiya jaa sakata haye, unamen shamil hainh chagas roga, haija, covid-19, madhumeh melitus, hepatitis bee aur see, hiv, influenzae, maleria, streptococcal ferringitis, beemar vikaar, upadansh, tapedik aur visaral leishmaniasis. jahan prayogshalaon key saath ack swaasthya dekhbhal suvidha haye, parikshanon koo naidaanik prayogshalaon key liye samanya parikshanon yaa roga-vishisht parikshanon mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye, aur rakt jaanch prayogshalaon key liye roga-vishisht pareekshan. parikshanon key pratyek samooh key liye, addle pareekshan kaa naam, uddeshya, parakh praarup aur namoone key prakaar koo nirdisht kartaa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
vishvasaniya parikshanon key binaa, swaasthya dekhbhal pradaata mukhya roop seey anubhavjanya upchaaron parr nirbhar karate hain, jisake parinamswarup adhik antibiotic upayog, kaee anya davaaon kaa upayog aur cumm nidan hotaa haye. ee. dee. ell. mein parikshanon kaa mulyankan aashvast maandandon kaa upayog karke kiya jaataa haye; vaastavik samay sampark, namuna sangrah kii aasaani, kifayati, samvedansheel, vishisht, upayogkarta key anukool, teji seey aur majboot, parinam upalabdhata, upkaran aur vitaran. yeh upchaar koo adhik sateek honey detaa haye.
ee. dee. ell. chikitsa parikshanon kii ack prathamikta soochi haye, jise "swaasthya pranali key chhah nirmaan khandon mein seey ack" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye. ee. dee. ell. alag-alag deshon key liye margadarshan pradaan kartaa haye, kii kiss parr chikitsa parikshanon kaa upayog karna haye aur kiss parr naheen. inn vitro diagnostics (sez aaee. vee. dee.) parr visheshagyon kaa ack ranneetik samooh niyukt kiya jaataa haye joe isake vikas parr salah dete hain kyonki isaki niyamit roop seey sameeksha aur vistaar kiya jaataa haye. vibhinn desh ise anukoolit curr sakate hain; bhaaratiya chikitsa anusandhaan parishad ney pahale sanskaran key ack saal baad 2019 mein ee. dee. ell. key apane sanskaran kaa utpaadan kiya.
prakaashan.
pahala sanskaran 15 maee 2018 koo prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, aur aavashyak davaaon (ee. aim. ell.) kii kaun model soochi kaa poorak haye, joe 40 saal seey adhik samay pahale prakaashit hui thee. 150 seey adhik deshon ney aavashyak davaaon kii model soochi koo anukoolit kiya haye. doosara sanskaran julaai 2019 mein aur teesara 2020 mein prakaashit huaa thaa.
samagri.
adl mein, aavashyak naidaanik parikshanon koo una logon key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye joe aabaadi kii prathamikta swaasthya dekhbhal aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karate hain aur roga kii vyaapaktaa aur saarvajanik swaasthya prasangikta, prabhavkarita aur sateekta key sakshya aur tulanaatmak laagat-prabhavsheelta key sambandh mein chune jaate hain."
pahale sanskaran mein 62 pareekshan shreniyan theen aur dusare mein 122 pareekshan shreniyon koo shamil karane key liye adyatan kiya gayaa thaa. parikshanon kii shreniyon mein shamil hainh samanya prayogshala pareekshan aur roga-vishisht pareekshan jaise kii hepatitis bee aur see, hiv, hpv, maleria, upadansh aur tapedik key liye. teesare sanskaran mein ack "mutt karo" anushansa jodee gaee, joe abb upayogi naheen maane jaane vaale parikshanon key liye thee. maleria key liye twarit pareekshan jaise kuchh parikshanon key liye prayogshala, swaasthya dekhbhal setting yaa peshevar, yaa bijli kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye.
parikshanon key pratyek samooh key liye, addle pareekshan kaa naam, uddeshya, parakh praarup aur namoone key prakaar koo nirdisht kartaa haye. samarthan karna kii kaun seey dishanirdesh yaa prakaashan judey hue hain aur brand sandarbhit naheen hain. ee. dee. ell. mein aise prakaar key parikshanon kii sifaarishen shamil hain joe samudayik settings mein upalabdh honey chaahiye jahaan koee prayogshaalaaen naheen hain, jaise kii anaemia, maleria yaa garbhavastha key liye. aspatalon aur prayogshalaon key liye cancer key pareekshan jaise prayogshala parikshanon kii sifarish kii jaati haye. 
binaa prayogshala key swaasthya dekhbhal vyavastha.
binaa prayogshalaon key samudayik vyavasthaon mein parikshanon koo samanya parikshanon aur parikshanon mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye joe roga-vishisht hotey hain. inmein aise pareekshan shamil hain joe praathamik dekhbhal ikaaiyon, doctors key karyalayon, samudayik kleenikon, ambulatory dekhbhal aur ghar parr swa-pareekshan key liye upayog key liye anushansit hain.
binaa prayogshala key samudayik vyavasthaon mein pareekshan, joe roga-vishisht hain, unamen chagas roga, haija, covid-19, madhumeh melitus, hepatitis bee aur see, hiv, influenzae, maleria, streptococcal ferringitis, beemar vikaar, upadansh, tapedik, visaral leishmaniasis key liye pareekshan shamil hain.
prayogshalaon key saath swaasthya dekhbhal vyavastha.
jahan prayogshalaon key saath ack swaasthya dekhbhal suvidha haye, parikshanon koo naidaanik prayogshalaon key liye samanya parikshanon yaa roga-vishisht parikshanon mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye, aur rakt jaanch prayogshalaon key liye roga-vishisht pareekshan.
pareekshan bund curr diye gaye.
aich. aaee. vee. western blott test aur mycobacterium tuberculosis serology test kii sifarish naheen kii jaati haye.

