
rogjanak kavak

rogjanak kavak way kavak hain joe manushyon yaa anya jeevon mein roga kaa kaaran banate hain. halanki kavak eukariotic hain, kaee rogjanak kavak sookshmajeev hain. lagbhag 300 kavak manushyon key liye rogjanak key roop mein jaane jaate hain; unake adhyayan koo "medical mycology" kahaa jaataa haye. kavak sankraman yaa tou tapedik yaa maleria kii tulanaa mein adhik logon koo maartaa haye-prati varsh lagbhag 20 laakh loga.
2022 mein vishva swaasthya sangathan (jisane) kavak rogjanakon kii ack soochi prakaashit kii joe saarvajanik swaasthya kaarravaai key liye prathamikta honey chaahiye.
pashu samrajya kii tulanaa mein paudhon key jeevan key liye adhik kavak rogjanak key roop mein jaane jaate hain. kavak aur anya jeevon key paudhon key liye rogjanak key adhyayan koo paadap rogvigyaan kahaa jaataa haye.
vishesh chinta key rogjanak.
vishva swaasthya sangathan (joe) key anusaar 2022 mein vishesh chinta key rogjanak hainh
"candida.
"candida" prajaati pratiraksha pranali kii kamee vaale vyaktiyon mein sankraman kaa kaaran banati haye. candida prajaatiyan adhikansh kavak sankramanon kii doshi hoti hain aur pranaaleegat aur satahi sankraman donon kaa kaaran bunn sakati hain. fangal sankraman key nivaaran key liye 1-prakaar kii koshika-madhyasth pratiraksha (see. aim. aaee.) kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
"candida albicans" ack prakaar kaa dwigunit khameer haye joe aamtaur parr maanav aant key sookshm faloron mein paaya jaataa haye. "see. albican "manushyon mein ack avasarvaadi rogjanak haye. iss kavak kaa asamanya atee-vikas hoe sakata haye, vishesh roop seey pratirakshaatmak kamjor vyaktiyon mein. "see. albican mein ack parasecual chakr hotaa haye joe paryavaraniya tanaav seey uttejit prateet hotaa haye.
"see. auris, "pahali baar 2009 mein varnit, kaee agrim pankti kii antifungal davaaon, kitanunashakon aur garmi key liye pratirodhi haye, jisase ise samaapt karna behad mushkil hoe jaataa haye. kaee kavak rogjanakon kii tarah yeh jyaadaatar pratirakshaatmak roop seey kamjor logon koo prabhaavit kartaa haye; yadi rakt yaa anya angon aur ootakon mein, tou mrityu darr lagbhag 50 pratishat haye.
candida kii anya prajaatiyan bhee rogjanak hoe sakati hain, jinamen candida stelatoida, see shamil hain. ushnakatibandhiya, see. chhadm ushnakatibandhiya, see. crusei, see. parapsillosis "aur" see. gilliermondi."
"aspergillus.
sabse aam rogjanak prajaatiyan "aspergillus fumigates" aur "aspergillus flavous" hain. aspergillus flavous afflatoxin kaa utpaadan kartaa haye joe ack vishaakt padaarth aur ack carcinogen donon haye aur joe sambhaavit roop seey mevon jaise khaadya padarthon koo dooshit curr sakata haye. "aspergillus fumigates" aur "aspergillus clavetus" allergy roga kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. kuchh "aspergillus" prajaatiyan anaaj kii fasalon, vishesh roop seey makke parr roga kaa kaaran banati hain, aur afflatoxin sahit mycotoxin koo sanshleshit karati hain. aspergillosis "aspergillus" key kaaran honey vaali beemariyon kaa samooh haye. lakshnon mein bukhaar, khansi, seene mein dard yaa saans lene mein takleef shamil hain. aamtaur parr, kewal kamjor pratiraksha pranali yaa fefadon kii anya sthitiyon vaale rogi hii atisamvedansheel hotey hain.
aspergillus fumigates" key beejaanu vayumandal mein sarvavyaapi hain. "aeye. fumigates "ack avasarvaadi rogjanak haye. yeh pratirakshaatmak roop seey kamjor vyaktiyon mein sambhaavit roop seey ghaatak aakramak sankraman kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. "aeye. fumigates mein ack poori tarah seey karyatmak yaun chakr hotaa haye joe clistothesia aur escospore kaa utpaadan kartaa haye.
"cryptococcus.
"cryptococcus neophormans" hiv sankraman aur aids vaale rogiyon mein meningitis aur meningo-encephalitis key gambhir roop kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. adhikansh "cryptococcus" prajaatiyan mitty mein rahati hain aur manushyon mein bimari kaa kaaran naheen banati hain. "cryptococcus neophormans" pramukh maanav aur pashu rogjanak haye. "pyapiliyotrema laurenti" aur "naganicia albida", donon koo pahale "cryptococcus" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa, kabhi-kabhi maanav rogiyon mein madhyam seey gambhir roga kaa kaaran banane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. "cryptococcus gutty" africa aur australia key ushnakatibandhiya hisson mein sthaanik haye aur gair-pratirakshaatmak logon mein bimari kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye.
see" koo sankramit karna. neophormans koshikaaen aamtaur parr fefadon mein vayukoshiya macrophage dwara phagocytos kii jaati hain. aakramankari "see. inn macrophage dwara oxidative aur nitrosative anuon key nikalane seey neophormans koshikaon koo maaraa jaa sakata haye. halanki kuchh "see. neophormans koshikaaen macrophage key bheetar jeevit reh sakati hain. macrophage key bheetar jeevit rahane key liye rogjanak kii kshamata shayed roga kii vilambata, prasaar aur antifungal agents key prati pratirodh koo nirdhaarit karati haye. macrophage key shatrutapurna antahkoshikiya vatavaran mein jeevit rahane key liye, "see" kii pratikriyaon mein seey ack. neophormans oxidative tanaav kii pratikriyaon mein niyojit jeane koo viniyamit karna haye.
see" key haploid naabhik. navroopak "dwigunit honey key liye paramanu sanlayan (karyogami) seey gujar sakate hain. inn dwigunit naabhikon koo phir ardhasutri vibhaajak seey gujarna parh sakata haye, jisamen punarsanyojan bhee shamil haye, jisake parinamswarup haploid basidiospores kaa gathan hotaa haye joe failane mein saksham hotey hain. ardhasutri vibhaajak "see" kii marammat mein suvidha pradaan curr sakata haye. macrophage chunauti key jawab mein neophormans "dna.
"histoplasma.
"histoplasma capsulatum" manushyon, kutton aur billiyon mein hystoplasmosis kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. yeh kavak america, bhaarat aur dakshinpurvi asia mein sabse adhik paaya jaataa haye. yeh sanyukt raajya key kuchh kshetron mein sthaanik haye. sankraman aamtaur parr dooshit havaa koo saans lene key kaaran hotaa haye.
"pneumosistis.
"pneumosistis jirovesi" (yaa pneumosistis kairini) kamjor pratiraksha pranali vaale logon mein pneumonia kaa ack roop paida curr sakata haye, jaise kii samay seey pahale bachche, bujurg aur rogiyon koo sahaayata pradaan karna.
"statchibotris.
"statchibotris chartrum" yaa "black mould" shwasan kshati aur gambhir sirdard kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. yeh aksar gharon aur una kshetron mein hotaa haye joe lambe samay seey nama hain.
mezban raksha tantra.
antardhata.
standhari endothermy aur homeothermy adhikansh kavak key khilaf shaktishali gair-vishisht raksha hain. ack tulanaatmak genomic adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii avasarvaadi kavak mein 37 degree celsius parr badhane kii kshamata key alawa manushyon mein kavak kii avasarvaadi rogjanakta seey lagaatar judey kuchh vishesh vishaaktata lakshan hain.
baadha ootak.
twacha, shwasan path, jathrantra path aur jannang-mootra path seey prerit soojan kavak sankraman key samanya shaaririk kshetra hain.
pratiraksha pratikriya.
adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii monocytes/macrophage, dendritic koshikaon aur aparivartaniya praakritik hatyara (syaahi) tii-koshikaon jaise pratiraksha pratikriya koshikaon key uchch star vaale mejbaanon ney kavak key vikas aur pranaaleegat sankraman key khilaf suraksha key adhik niyantran kaa pradarshan kiya haye. pattern recognition receptors (pee. aar. aar. aiss.) vishisht kavak rogjanakon koo pahchankar aur pratiraksha pratikriya shuru karke pratiraksha pratikriya koo prerit karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaate hain.
mucosal candidiasis key mamle mein, cytokine ill-17 kaa utpaadan karane vaali koshikaaen janmajaat pratiraksha banaae rakhane mein behad mahatvapurna hain.
charam sahishnuta seey judaav.
jeevan key kavak vriksh mein avasarvaadi rogjanakon aur tanaav-sahishnu kavak key vitaran kii ack vyaapak tulanaa seey pataa chalaa kii polyextremotolerance aur avasarvaadi rogjanakta lagaatar ack hii kavak adesh mein dikhaai detee haye aur avasarvaad aur charam sahishnuta (ee.jee. ausmotolerance aur cycrotolerance) saankhyikiya roop seey mahatvapurna haye. isase pataa chalata haye kii tanaavpurna vatavaran key liye kuchh anukoolan sankraman key dauran kavak key astitva koo bhee badhaava dey sakate hain.

