
lune kaa county

lune county (,,) pavitra roman samrajya mein ack county thee, joe lagbhag belgium key praant limberg key saath mell khaati thee. iska naam isaki ganana kii mool seat, lune key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, jise aaj borgloon kahaa jaataa haye. madhya yug key dauran ginati ney apane darbar koo kuringen mein ack adhik kendriya sthiti mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, joe aaj iss kshetra kii aadhunik rajdhani hasselt kaa ack hissa haye.
apani shuruat seey, lune lease key rajkumar-bishap key saath judaa huaa thaa aur 1190 taka ginati bishap key adhipatya key tahat aaa gaee thee. chaudahavin shatabdi mein purush vansh doosari baar samaapt huaa, jiss samay rajkumar-bishap ney khud seedhe county parr kabja curr liya. lune lagbhag rajkumar key dutch bhashi (pracheen) hisse kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa. rajkumar-bishap mein sabhi dutch bhashi shahar, tathaakathit "achche shahar" () honey kii sthiti key saath, lune mein they, aur aaj belgium key limberg mein hain. yeye they berringen, bilzon, borgloon, bree, hammont, hasselt, herk-dee-stad, maaseek, pier aur stokem.
anya kshetron kii tarah joe antatah lease key rajkumar bishap kii shakti key tahat aae, lune aupchaarik roop seey kabhi bhee "nichale deshon" key ekikrit prabhutva kaa hissa naheen banaa, jisane madhya yug key anta mein lagbhag sabhi benelux koo ekjut kiya, aur aaj key lagbhag sabhi belgium koo "pracheen shasson" key tahat ekjut karna jaari rakhaa. lune aur anya lease lordship kewal apane padosiyon key saath taba shamil hue jaba way sabhi francisi kranti key dauran france kaa hissa bunn gaye. waterloo kii ladaai key baad, way neetherland key nae united kingdam mein judey rahey. 1839 mein, lune kaa purana kshetra belgium key nae raajya key bheetar ack nae praant, limberg kaa anumaanit aadhar bunn gayaa.
utpatti.
apane praarambhik samay seey ack county lune key roop mein teen alag-alag bhaugolik kshetron mein prabhutva thaa jinka ullekh praarambhik madhyayugeen prashaasnik abhilekhon mein bhee kiya gayaa haye. lune kaa ack purvi bhaag maas nadee ghaati mein thaa, mastrict key uttar mein paschimi tata parr french "masou" mein maaseek shamil thaa. lune kaa poorvottar bhaag retile "kempen" kshetra () mein thaa, jise aksar abhee bhee roman shabd texandria dwara sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa. dakshini bhaag haspengou () kii upajaau pahaadiyon key dutch bhashi hisse key bheetar thaa jisamen borgloon bhee shamil haye.
iss kshetra key kaee county kii tarah, lune kii ginati kaa ullekh karane vaale record 11veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein shuru hotey hain, lekin yeye kewal iss baat key sanket dete hain kii county kaise bunny. poorvavarti peedhiyon ney kaee vidroh, zabtiyaan aur nishkasana dekhe they. nichale lothringia kaa badaa kshetra ack alag raajya kaa hissa thaa, lekin abb iska koee raajaa naheen thaa. puraane carolingian rajvansh key purvi aur paschimi raajyon, baad mein france aur germany key agraduton ney sthaaniya diggajon key saath milkar niyantran key liye pratispardha kii. varsh 1000 taka, yeh kshetra purvi raajya key sthaayi niyantran mein thaa, aur naa kewal lune, balki anya prasiddh county jaise hainaut aur brabont bhee baad key madhya yug mein gyaat roopon mein vikasit hoe rahey they. inn county key 10veen shatabdi key itihas kaa punarnirmaan abb mushkil haye. 1000 taka, iss kshetra mein shaahi shakti aanshik roop seey lease key bishapon key haathon mein thee, jinhen mahatvapurna dharmnirpeksh prabhuta pradaan kii gaee thee.
dasavin shatabdi kii shuruat mein, cumm seey cumm 939 taka, paaramparik roop seey yeh prastaavit kiya gayaa haye (udaaharan key liye christophe bootcains, aur bahut baad mein leone vanderkindere dwara) kii tathaakathit regnarid rajvansh ney poore yaa adhikansh kshetra koo niyantrit kiya thaa. vishesh roop seey, rudolf naamak ack count, jise reginar III kaa chhota bhaai honey kaa prastaav diyaa gayaa thaa, kaa 952 mein maaseek key kshetra mein ack county thaa. rudolf kaa yeh county, jise dou madhyayugeen dastavejon mein hufte yaa huste kahaa jaataa haye, jisamen iska ullekh haye, jahir taur parr borgloon key bahut karib kii bhoomi shamil thee, ack charter key anusaar, joe 958/959 seey honey kaa anuman haye. isake alawa, ack count rudolf, shayed vahee, ney borgloon key dakshin-paschim mein ack padosi county parr bhee shasson kiya thaa, joe bhavishya mein lune key county key baahar, avarnas mein sthit thaa.
reginaron koo gambhir asafalataon kaa saamana karna padaa. 939 mein unake netaa duke gilbert kii hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. 958 mein unake bhatije reginar III koo nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur halanki reginar III key dou bete 973 mein laut aae, aur dheere-dheere satta key aadhar sthaapit karna shuru curr diyaa joe antatah hainaut aur leuven key county bunn gaye, unake prastaavit chaacha rudolf kaa bhaagya agyaat haye. haalaanki, bishap balderic dwiteeya, lune key count gilbert key bhaai, pahali nishchit ginati, key samaan vanshavali lambert pratham, count off luven, joe reginarids key vanshaj they, key saath thee.
joseph daris, leone vanderkindere dwara vikasit aur jeane berton aur anya dwara adyatan sabse vyaapak roop seey sweekrit parikalpana key anusaar, lune kii ginati, halanki regnarids seey sambandhit thee, vaastav mein "balderics parivaar" key sadasya they, joe count rickfried key vanshaj they. iss parivaar key germany mein otonian rajvansh key saath majboot sambandh they, jabaki regnarid koo vidrohiyon key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa, aur iss parivaar key dou sadasyon kaa naam balderic (yaa balderich, palderih, aadi) thaa.) pahale seey hii 10veen shatabdi mein alag-alag samay parr utract aur lease mein shaktishali bishpricks kaa ayojan curr chuke they. daris aur vanderkindere kaa prastaav nirvaasan reginar III kii ack bahan kii shaadi kii khoj seey upaji thee, joe rickfried key ack bete, count nevelong key saath thee, jinake rudolf naam key bachche they, aur balderic I (lease key bishap 953-959). isaliye iss parivaar koo lune kii utpatti aur donon pahale key raaj-sanrakshkon key beach ack kadee key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone spasht roop seey maaseek aur borgloon key paas prabhuta kii thee, saath hii saath balderic naamak dou pahale key bishapon key liye bhee.
vanderkindere ney vishesh roop seey prastaav diyaa kii lune kii pahali nishchit ginati gisselbert thee, vaha chhote ginati rudolf kaa betaa thaa, naa kii regnarid, balki uska bhatija nevelong kaa betaa thaa. iss apramaanit prastaav key baare mein kalanukramik chintaaen jataai gaee hain, kyonki 943 mein ack ladke key roop mein rudolf kaa ack record agali shatabdi mein count gisselbert aur unake bhaaiyon key kissy bhee nishchit record seey bahut pahale kaa haye. isake alawa, count gisselbert key maataa-pitaa kaa ullekh karane vaalaa ekmatra madhyayugeen srot unhein otto kahata haye. haalaanki iss srot koo iss avadhi key liye poori tarah seey vishvasaniya naheen maanaa jaataa haye, haine jongbloid ney prastaav diyaa haye kii ghent mein ack otto key liye ack record iss poorvaj key anuroop hoe sakata haye. doosari or, vaine winter ney prastaav diyaa haye kii ack otto hoe sakata haye joe rudolf kaa betaa thaa, aur pahali ginati aur usake bhaaiyon kaa pitaa thaa.
unake maataa-pitaa joe bhee they, lune kii pahali nishchit ginati (dutch "graph", lattin aataa haye, "french" comte ") 11veen shatabdi kii gisselbert (aadhunik dutch" gizsbert ", aadhunik angreji aur francisi" gilbert "key barabar) thee. vaastav mein unake paas kaun saa kshetra thaa, yeh abhee bhee anishchit haye, aur unake bhaai arnulf kaa bhee vibhinn abhilekhon mein ganana key roop mein ullekh kiya gayaa haye. haalaanki sabhi charter joe bhaaiyon koo lease key bishap balderic dwiteeya key bhaai-bahan key roop mein varnit karate hain, baad mein jaali hain, iss rishte koo sweekaar karane key liye paryaapt saboot maane jaate hain.
24 janwari 1040 key ack charter mein "pagus" haspengou mein haspinga kii county "kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye, joe count arnold kaa adhikaar thaa, jise gisselbert kaa bhaai maanaa jaataa thaa, jise arnalf key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. iss bahut hii vivaadit charter samrat heinry III ney iss county koo lease mein sent-lambert key cathedral koo pradaan kiya. yeh sawal uthaata haye kii isi naam key "pagus" key bheetar iss county kaa bhaugolik aur kanuni donon roop seey kyaa nihit haye. isake alawa, lune kii ginati key roop mein arnalf kaa koee record naheen haye. "haspinga" kii vyakhya yaa tou lune county () key samaan yaa ack swami key roop mein kii gaee haye joe isake neeche lune (berton aur anya) rakhta thaa, haalaanki yeh buss hesbaaye kaa ack bhaugolik hissa hoe sakata haye, joe usake bhaai key kabje seey alag thaa.
iss khule prashn seey judaa huaa, naa kewal gisselbert, arnalf aur balderic key maataa-pitaa agyaat hain, balki agale dou count brothers, ammo aur otto key saath unakaa sambandh bhee anishchit maanaa jaataa haye. unhein gizelbert yaa arnalf key bete maanaa jaataa haye. jabaki gizelbert spasht prastaav haye, verhailst kii sthiti kii or jhukein, aur apane pitaa key roop mein arnalf kaa samarthan karein. worhealt kii sthiti key liye ack pramukh tark yeh haye kii ammo ney apane bete aur uttaradhikari kaa naam arnalf/arnold rakhaa, aur unake vanshajon dwara gizelbert naam kaa kabhi upayog naheen kiya gayaa thaa. (otto key ammo key bhaai ney apane bete kaa naam gisselbert rakhaa, lekin iss prastaav key anusaar yeh naam ack aur gisselbert kii yaad mein rakhaa gayaa haye joe sent truden key "samarthak" they, jaisa kii otto aur unake bete donon they.)
lune county kii utpatti key baare mein charcha mein ack aur mahatvapurna charter 1078 kaa anudan haye joe countess ermengard dwara lease key bishap koo diyaa gayaa haye, lune kii ginati mein pramukh sthaanon parr allodial bhoomi kaa. usaki sampatti koo usake prastaavit vansh, yaa usake gyaat pati dwara samajhaaya naheen jaa sakata haye, aur isaliye yeh lambe samay seey sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye (udaaharan key liye vanderkindere, berton aur kupar dwara) kii usane pahale lune kii ginati seey shaadi kii hogi, jise aam taur parr arnold maanaa jaataa haye, kyonki aam taur parr maanaa jaataa haye kii uska koee uttaradhikari naheen thaa.
itihas.
3 bhaaiyon balderic, gilbert aur arnalf key baad kii peedhi mein, count ammo lune kii agali ginati bunn gaee, jabaki unake bhaai count otto sent truden key mathh key "samarthak" they, aur duras kii ginati kii pahali pankti key poorvaj they, shayed unaki patni oda key madhyam seey. duras county koo otto key bete gisselbert aur badale mein unake bete otto dwara viraasat mein praapt huaa thaa. yeh antatah 1190 key dashak mein lune kaa hissa bunn gayaa.
ammo key putra count arnold (yaa arnulf) i, berton (1969 pee. 40), lune kii pahali ginati jisake liye humm kissy bhee raajneetik gatividhi parr charcha curr sakate hain. 1106 mein vaha apani sthiti koo majboot karane mein saksham thaa, jaba usane apani shaadi key madhyam seey vilupt ginati kii sampatti praapt kii. unhone sambhavatah madhya yug key dauran borgloon mein motte-aind-bellie mahal kaa bhee nirmaan kiya thaa. unake putra arnold dwiteeya, count off lune ney ebbe off everboad kii sthaapana kii.
arnold dwiteeya kaa putra aur uttaradhikari lui (dutch "lodevic") i thaa. unhone 1135 key charter dwara averboad abby kii sthaapana kii, aur aadhunik germany mein donon mein lune kii ginati, mainz kii "stadtgraph" aur renake kii ginati thee. unhone bilzon key saath lune key kshetra koo (abb tongeren mein) jodaa. unhone vahaan kille koo majboot kiya aur shahar koo swatantrata dee. unhone brustem (abb sent truden mein) mein bhee aisaa hii kiya, joe duras county seey ghire ack lune enclave key roop mein khatare mein aaa gayaa.
count gerard (kabhi-kabhi galat tareeke seey gerard "II" kahaa jaataa haye), lune aur renake kii agali ginati, fortified brustem aur coalmont, aur county kii rajdhani koo kuringen mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. vahaan unhone cysterian shasson key anusaar rahane vaali mahilaaon key liye harkenode mathh kii sthaapana kii. lune mein, apane adhishesh adhipatiyon key saath sthaayi sangharsh kii parinati 1179 mein zahringen key rajkumar-bishap rudolf dwara ack abhiyaan mein hui, jisake sainikon ney 1179 mein borgloon mein county kii rajdhani koo tabah curr diyaa. 1193 mein unhone duras county kaa adhigrahan kiya aur sint-truden key mathh kii vakaalat kii, lekin unhein una bhoomi parr brabent key aadhipatya koo sweekaar karna padaa. iss kshetra ney sint-truden, hallen aur herk dee stad mein abby bhoomi parr shakti pradaan kii, joe aaj bhee belgium key limberg kii dakshin-paschimi seema koo prabhaavi dhang seey paribhaashit kartaa haye. gerard kaa betaa luis dwiteeya uttaradhikari thaa, lekin renake ack aur bete, gerard, count off renake key paas gayaa. renake aur lune key county koo antatah renake key bete luce III key gerard key tahat phir seey ekjut kiya gayaa, lekin phir unhone unhein phir seey vibhajit curr diyaa, apane bhaai arnold IV koo lune diyaa.
vivaah dwara, count arnold IV ney 1227 mein cheeni key francisi bhashi county kaa adhigrahan kiya, aur lune kii ginati kii mukhya rekha koo apane kshetriya vistaar key uchch bindu parr laaya. 1336 mein lune key lui IV kii mrityu key saath committle purush vansh vilupt hoe gayaa aur lune aur cheeni sampadaon koo pahale lease bishap kii sahamati seey heinsberg mein sponeheim key kuleen gharaane dwara viraasat mein diyaa gayaa thaa. 1362 mein maark key rajkumar-bishap engelbert III ney phir bhee lune parr kabja curr liya aur anta mein ise 1366 mein lease kshetra mein shamil curr liya.
county lease key bheetar ack alag ikai ("chaturthansh") bunny rahee, jisake rajkumar-bishapon ney committle khitaab grahan kiya. jaba 1795 mein krantikari france dwara bishparik parr kabja curr liya gayaa thaa, tou lune county koo bhee bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur kshetra kaa ack samaayojit sanskaran maas key poorv mein dutch limberg key saath-saath muse-infarior key francisi vibhaag kaa hissa bunn gayaa thaa. napolean kii haar key baad, vibhaag 1815 mein neetherland key nae sanyukt raajya kaa hissa bunn gayaa, aur raajya key liye madhyayugeen duchy off limberg kii purani upaadhi koo sanrakshit karane key liye ack tareeke key roop mein limberg kaa apana aadhunik naam praapt kiya, joe paas mein thaa. haalaanki, 1830 mein, belgium kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa, raajya koo vibhajit kiya gayaa, aur limberg aur luxemberg kii sthiti donon parinami raajyon key beach sangharsh kaa kaaran bunn gaee. 1839 mein, antarrashtriya madhyasthata key tahat, antatah limberg aur luxemberg koo unake dou aadhunik bhaagon mein vibhajit karane kaa nirnay liya gayaa. limberg kaa paschimi bhaag, motey taur parr lune key puraane county seey mell khaata haye, aur belgium kaa hissa bunn gayaa. donon bhaagon ney apana nayaa naam limberg rakhaa.
lune kii ginati.
"purush rekha vilupt hoe gaee, jisake baadah"