
kazakh bhasha

 kazakh yaa qazaak (laitinah yaa, sirilikah yaa, arabi lipih yaa,,) madhya asia mein kazakhon dwara bolly jaane vaali kipchak shakha kii ack turkey bhasha haye. yeh nogai, kyrgyz aur karakalpak seey nikatata seey sambandhit haye. yeh kazakhstan kii aadhikarik bhasha haye aur shinziang, uttar-paschimi chean mein illie kazakh swaayatt praant aur paschimi mangolia key bayan-olgi praant mein ack mahatvapurna alpasankhyak bhasha haye. yeh bhasha poorv soviyat sangh (2010 kii russie janganana key anusaar roose mein lagbhag 472,000), germany aur turkey mein kaee jaatiya kazakhon dwara bhee bolly jaati haye.
anya turkey bhaashaon kii tarah, kazakh ack samagr bhasha haye aur swar samanjasya kaa upayog karati haye. "nasleeya" teen parasparik roop seey samajhane yogya bolly samoohon koo maanyata detaa haye, poorvottar kazakh, sabse vyaapak roop seey bolly jaane vaali vividhata joe maanak bhasha, dakshini kazakh aur paschimi kazakh key liye aadhar key roop mein bhee kaary karati haye. yeh bhasha nikatata seey sambandhit karakalpak key saath parasparik buddhimatta kii ack degree saajha karati haye jabaki isaki paschimi boliyaan altai bhaashaon key saath seemit parasparik samajh banaae rakhti hain.
octuber 2017 mein, kazakh key rashtrapati narsultan naazarbaayev ney faisala sunaaya kii lekhan pranali 2025 taka cyrillic kaa upayog karke lattin lipi mein badal jaayegi. prastaavit lattin varnamala koo kaee baar sanshodhit kiya gayaa haye aur janwari 2021 taka turkey varnamala kii soochi key karib haye, halanki see aur Ç aksharon kii kamee haye aur chaar atirikt akshar hainh ā, ̃, q aur ü (halanki anya aksharon jaise kii y key dou bhaashaon mein alag-alag moolya hain). ise 2023 seey 2031 taka charanbaddh tareeke seey kiya jaanaa haye.
bhaugolik vitaran.
kazakh (mukhya roop seey kazakh) bolane vaale tian shaan seey laker caspian samudra key paschimi tata taka ack vishal kshetra mein faile hue hain. kazakh kazakhstan kii aadhikarik raajya bhasha haye, jisamen lagbhag 1 karod bolane vaale hain (jansankhya aur kazakh bolane vaalon key anupaat parr see. aaee. aeye. vishva tathya pustika seey jaankaari key aadhar parr).
chean mein, lagbhag 20 laakh jaatiya kazakh aur kazakh bolane vaale shinziang key illie kazakh swaayatt praant mein rahate hain.
itihas.
turkey bhaashaon kii kipchak shakha, jisase kazakh paida hoti haye, mukhya roop seey swarn bheed key shasankal key dauran majboot hui thee, jisake nivaasiyon ney poori tarah seey islam failaaya aur kazakh step key liye kazakh bhasha key nikatatam poorvavarti they. kahaa jaataa haye kii aadhunik kazakh bhasha kii utpatti lagbhag 1465 esvi mein sunni muslim kazakh khaanate key gathan key dauran hui thee. aadhunik kazakh sambhavatah donon chagaate turkeek kaa vanshaj haye jaisa kii timurid aur kipchak turkeek dwara sunaa jaataa haye jaisa kii sunhare jhund mein kahaa jaataa haye.
ack aisee bhasha key roop mein joe jyaadaatar ack gahare musalman jaatiya samooh dwara bolly jaati haye, dakshin mein kazakh aur irani jaatiya samoohon key beach aksar aitihaasik baatchit key kaaran kazakh farsi aur arabi seey udhaar liye gaye shabdon kii ack uchch matra kaa upayog kartaa haye. isake alawa, kazakh khaanate mein farsi ack "bhasha" thee, jisane kazakhon koo apani bolly jaane vaali aur likhit bhasha mein farsi shabdon koo milaane kii anumati dee. iss beach, arabi kaa upayog masjidon aur makbaron mein kazakhon dwara kiya jaataa thaa, joe vishesh roop seey dhaarmik sandarbhon key liye ack bhasha key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa, jaise kii lattin ney europeeya saanskritik kshetra mein ack dhaarmik bhasha key roop mein kaary kiya thaa.
kazakhon ney lagbhag 1929 taka apani bhasha likhane key liye arabi lipi kaa upayog kiya. 1900 key dashak kii shuruat mein, kazakh karyakarta ahmed baitursinuli ney kazakh-arabik varnamala mein sudhaar kiya, lekin unakaa kaam kaafee hudd taka madhya asia mein soviyat upasthiti seey prabhaavit thaa. usa samay, nae soviyat shasson ney kazakhon koo ack lattin lipi kaa upayog karane key liye majboor kiya, aur phir 1940 key dashak mein unhein poori tarah seey russie banaane key prayaas mein ack cyrillic lipi kaa upayog kiya. aaj, kazakh apani bhasha likhane key liye arabi, lattin aur cyrillic lipiyon kaa upayog karate hain.
dhvanivigyaan aur vartani.
kazakh bhasha-jarh swar samanjasya pradarshit kartaa haye, jisamen haal key videshi mool key kuchh shabd (aamtaur parr russie yaa arabi mool key) apavaad key roop mein hain. goal samanjasya kii ack pranali bhee haye joe kyrgyz key samaan haye, lekin joe utani dridhata seey lagu naheen hoti haye aur vartani mein pratibimbit naheen hoti haye. yeh pranali kewal khule swaron parr lagu hoti haye aur naheen, aur agale aksharon mein hoti haye. iss prakaar, (lattin lipi mein) 'starr', 'aaj', aur 'badaa' vaastav mein "joolduz", "bugan", "ulkon" key roop mein uchchaaran kiya jaataa haye.
vyanjan.
nimnalikhit chart maanak kazakh kii vyanjan soochi koo darshaata haye; haalaanki, kaee dhwaniyaan anya dhwaniyon key alphone hain yaa kewal haal key rinn-shabdon mein dikhaai detee hain. vajda dwara soochibaddh 18 vyanjan dhvanyaatmak shabd koshthak key binaa hain-kyonki yeye dhvanyaatmak hain, unakaa soochibaddh sthaan aur abhivyakti kaa tarika bahut samanya haye, aur joe dikhaaya gayaa haye usase bhinn hoga. (/t̃s/shayed hii kabhi samanya bhaashan mein dikhaai detaa haye.) kazakh mein 19 deshi vyanjan dhvanyaatmak shabd hain; yeye hain viram/pee, bee, tii, dee, key, jee, kyu/, fricative/aiss, jaid, χ, ρ/, anunaasik/aim, aine, ng/, taral/ɾ, ell/, aur dou glide/doubleu, jey/. dhwaniyaan/f, v, χ, h, t̃s, t̃s/kewal rinn shabdon mein paaee jaati hain. / <unk>/koo uzbekistan aur shinziang, chean kii kazakh boliyon mein ack alviolopaletal africate [d̃] key roop mein sunaa jaataa haye. dhwaniyon [q] aur [ρ] kaa vishleshan/k/aur/g/key swaron key saath shabdon mein kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin rinn shabdon mein apavaad hotey hain. 
• mez mein sabhi dhvanyaatmak shabd saamane key swaron key vatavaran mein unakaa uchchaaran hain. vyanjanon [k], [g], [χ], [χ] mein bhee samaan roop seey vaapas alophone [q], [ρ], [χ], [γ] hotey hain.   
• sabhi naak aage badhane vaale plosive key saath abhivyakti key sthaan parr sahmat hotey hain.
• antar kii aavaaz kewal aantarik roop seey shabd maujood haye.
• chart mein rinn dhwaniyaan jaise/f/,/t̃s/,/x/aadi shamil naheen hain. joe mool bhaashan mein pratisthaapit kiye jaate hain.
• udhaar diye gaye shabdon mein, aavaaz shabdansh koo rokti haye-anta mein vichalit hoe jaati haye.
swar.
kazakh mein 12 dhvanyaatmak swaron kii ack pranali haye, jinamen seey 3 dipthong hain. goal vipareet aur aam taur parr kewal ack shabd key pahale shabdansh mein dhwani key roop mein hotaa haye, lekin baad mein allophonic roop seey hotaa haye; adhik jaankaari key liye neeche samanjasya parr khand dekhein. isake alawa, islami kaal key dauran arabi, farsi aur baad mein taataar bhaashaon key prabhaav key kaaran dhwani koo kritrim roop seey shamil kiya gayaa haye.
vajda key anusaar, swaron kii aage/peechhe kii gunavatta vaastav mein tatasth banaam peechhe hataai gaee jeebh kii jarh haye.
kazakh key cyrillic aur vartamaan lattin varnamala mein sambandhit varna key saath dhvanyaatmak moolyon koo jodaa jaataa haye.
• kazaak swar dhwani chart parr ack gambhir bahas haye, lekin sabhi vishleshan 8 swar pranali parr sahmat hain jisamen arab aur farsi prabhaav key kaaran kritrim roop seey jodaa jaa rhaa haye.
• swar/ee/koo aksar shabd kii shuruat mein asadharan mool ee-key saath uchchaaran kiya jaataa haye. shahari kazaak russie prabhaav key kaaran sabhi/ee/ee/koo prabhaavit karate hain.
swar samanjasya.
kazakh jeebh-jarh swar samanjasya (jise naram-kathor sadbhaav bhee kahaa jaataa haye) pradarshit kartaa haye, aur yakinan goal samanjasya koo kamjor curr detaa haye joe shabd key pahale akshar mein nihit haye. pahale goal akshar key baad sabhi swar iss samanjasya key vishay hain, apavaad key saath/ɑ/, aur agale aksharon mein hotaa haye, e.g ≤ [ω ≤], ωsy [q·so]. vishesh roop seey shahari kazaak goal samanjasya kaa ullanghan karate hain, saath hii saath niyamon key khilaf russie udhaar bhee ghoshit kiye jaate hain.
tanaav.
kazakh mein adhikansh shabdon koo antim shabdansh mein jore diyaa jaataa haye, sivaay isakeh
vartani.
aajkal, kazaak bhasha jyaadaatar cyrillic lipi mein likhi jaati haye, jisamen chean mein alpsankhyakon dwara arabi-adharit varnamala kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. 26 octuber, 2017 seey rashtrapati key farman 569 kazakhstan key madhyam seey 2025 taka lattin koo anukoolit kiya jaayega.
cyrillic lipi koo kazaak bhasha koo ussr kii anya bhaashaon key saath behtar dhang seey vilay karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, isaliye isamen kuchh vivadaspad patra pathan hain.
vyanjan key baad 'yuu' akshar glide/doubleu/, ee key saath dhwaniyon key sanyojan kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye.g Киру [kiɾiw], су [so ̃w], κρu [kö ̃w], ατισu [ɑtw] sw]. 'juu' ack hii prakriya seey gujarta haye lekin shuruat mein/jey/key saath.
aaee' akshar aaee/ι/, yuu/′/+ glide/jey/, ee dhwaniyon key sanyojan kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye.g tiis/tιjis/, oquidy/<unk>qwhjdw/
akshar 'я' aur ofter degraph 'yya' dou dhwaniyon/jɑ/aur/ja/kaa pratinidhitva karate hain joe samanjasya parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
akshar 'χ'/χ kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye.turkey mool key shabdon mein, ee.ghc/ahc.chaun/
iss beach akshar 'va', 'yay', 'pha', 'hah', 'aaa', 'sus', 'chaa', 'hah', 'hah', 'ee' kaa upayog kewal rinn shabdon mein kiya jaataa haye, jyaadaatar russie. unhein aksar bolly jaane vaali kazaak mein pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye.
vyaakaran.
kazakh aam taur parr kriya-antim haye, halanki sove (vishay-vastu-kriya) shabd crum parr vibhinn kramparivartan kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye, udaaharan key liye, saamyikta key kaaran. kazakh mein maukhik aur nammatra donon prakaar key avkal aur vyutpann roopvigyaan lagbhag vishesh roop seey ektrikaran pratyay key roop mein maujood hain. kazakh ack namsoochak-abhishansak, sheersh-antim, vaam-shakha, aashrit-chihnit bhasha haye.
sangyaaen.
kazakh mein koee sangya varg yaa ling pranali naheen haye. sangyaon koo sankhya (ekvachan yaa bahuvachan) aur 7 mamalon mein seey ack key liye aswikar curr diyaa jaataa haih
mamle key liye pratyay koo sankhya key liye pratyay seey pahale rakhaa jaataa haye.
sarvanam.
kazakh mein aathh vyaktigat sarvanam hainh
sarvanamon kii avamoolyan nimnalikhit chart mein ullikhit haye. ekvachan sarvanam aniyamitataon koo pradarshit karate hain, jabaki bahuvachan sarvanam naheen karate hain. aniyamit roopon koo bolled mein highlight kiya jaataa haye.
sarvanamon key alawa, vyakti key saath kaam karane vaale morphim key kaee aur sett hain.
visheshan.
kazakh mein visheshanon koo sanshodhit sangya kii kissy bhee vyaakaranik shreni key liye aswikar naheen kiya jaataa haye. ack mukhya-antim bhasha honey key naate, visheshan hamesha usa sangya key saamane rakhe jaate hain jise way sanshodhit karate hain. kazakh mein dou prakaar key visheshan hainh
tulanaatmak.
tulanaatmak roop koo ack visheshan mein pratyay-(i) raq/- (y) raq yaa-taau/- teu/- daau/- daau jodkar banaaya jaa sakata haye.
utkrisht.
visheshan seey pahale morphim "aine" koo rakhkar utkrisht roop banaaya jaa sakata haye.
kriyaaen.
kazakh vibhinn maukhik rupiki key upayog key madhyam seey yaa sahayak kriyaon kii ack pranali key madhyam seey kaal, pahalu aur manodasha key vibhinn sanyojanon koo vyakt curr sakata haye, jinamen seey kaee koo halke kriya maanaa jaa sakata haye. vartamaan kaal iska ack pramukh udaaharan haye; kazakh mein pragatisheel kaal chaar sambhaavit sahayakon mein seey ack key saath banata haye. yeye sahayak "otir" (baith), "tuar" (khadaa), "jurr" (jaao) aur "jaat" (jhooth), kriya key arth key vibhinn rangon koo kootbaddh karate hain aur mool kriya key shaabdik shabdarth key saath bhee baatchit karate hainh telec aur gair-telec kriyaaen, ardh-kriya, tikaau aur gair-turative, samayanishth, aadi. sahayak parr chayan pratibandh hainh gati kriyaaen, jaise kii βARU (jaao) aur κELU (aao) "otyr" key saath sanyojan naheen curr sakate hain. haalaanki, koee bhee kriya, ack pragatisheel kaal kaa arth praapt karane key liye "jutt" (jhooth) key saath sanyojan curr sakati haye.
jabaki yeh sochana sambhav haye kii sahayak key chayan koo vibhinn shreniyon key pahalu niyantrit karate hain, yeh kazakh mein itna seedha naheen haye. sahayak sootra pravanon key shaabdik shabdarth key prati aantarik roop seey samvedansheel hotey hain, udaaharan key liye, gati kaa varnan karane vaali kriyaaenh
pragatisheel kaal kii jatilataon key alawa, kaee sahayak-abhisaran jode hain joe pahalu, model, swaichhik, spasht aur kriya-sanshodhit arthon kii ack shrinkhala koo kootbaddh karate hain."udaaharan key liye, sahayak kriya" "cru" "(dekhein) key saath kriya + cru kaa swaroop ingit kartaa haye kii kriya key vishay ney kuchh karane kaa prayaas kiya yaa koshish kii (japani" "temiru" "nirmaan kii tulanaa karein).
vivaran key saath sankshipt paath.
menin qazzaaqastaanam" ("meraa qazakhstan") key pahale chhand seey, qazakhstan kaa rashtragaanah