
mcleod ganj

macleod ganj, jise makliyodganj bhee kahaa jaataa haye, (uchchaaran) bhaarat key himachal pradesh key kangda jile mein dharamshala kaa ack upnagar haye. ise "little lhasa" yaa "dhasa" (dharamshala kaa ack chhota roop jiska upayog mukhya roop seey tibbatiyon dwara kiya jaataa haye) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye kyonki isaki badee aabaadi tibbati haye. nirvaasit tibbati sarkaar kaa mukhyalaya maklod ganj mein haye joe upnagar koo apani nirvaasit rajdhani key roop mein maanata haye.
vyutpatti.
mcleod ganj kaa naam panjab key leftinent governor donald friel mcleod key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa; pratyay "ganj" "pados" key liye upayog kiya jaane vaalaa ack aam farsi shabd haye.
itihas.
march 1850 mein, dusare anglo-sikh yuddh key baad iss kshetra parr angrejon ney kabja curr liya thaa, aur jald hii kangda mein tainaat sainikon key liye ack sahayak chhaavani kii sthaapana dhauladhar kii dhalanon parr, khaali bhoomi parr, ack hindu vishram grih yaa "dharamshala" key saath kii gaee thee; isaliye naee chhaavani kaa naam, dharamshala rakhaa gayaa. bhaarat mein british shasson key dauran, yeh shahar ack pahaadi station thaa jahan angrejon ney germ garmi bitaai, aur 1840 key dashak key anta mein, jaba kangda mein jilaa mukhyalaya mein bheed hoe gaee, tou british ney dou resiments koo dharamshala mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. 1849 mein ack chhaavani kii sthaapana kii gaee thee aur 1852 mein dharamshala kangda jile kii prashaasnik rajdhani bunn gaee. 1855 taka, isamen nagrik basti key dou mahatvapurna sthaan they, macleod ganj aur forsith ganj, jinka naam ack sambhaagiya aayukt key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1860 mein, 66veen gurkha halki paidal senaa, jise baad mein aitihaasik pahali gurkha rifles kaa naam diyaa gayaa, koo dharamshala mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. jald hii, paas mein 14 gurkha pulton gaanv sthaapit kiye gaye aur gurkhaaon ney bhagsunath key pracheen shiv mandir koo sanrakshan diyaa.
bhaarat key british vaaysaraay (1862-63) lord algin koo yeh kshetra itna pasand aaya kii ack samay unhone sujhaav diyaa kii ise bhaarat kii grishmakaaleen rajdhani banaaya jaae. 20 navambar 1863 koo vahaan ack daure key dauran dharamshala mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee aur way sent mein dafnaya gayaa. johnn forsith ganj mein jangal church mein, macleod ganj key thheek neeche. unakaa grishmakaaleen nivaas, mortimer house, lahaur key laala baseshar naath kii niji sampatti kaa hissa bunn gayaa aur bhaarat sarkaar dwara dalaai laama key aadhikarik nivaas koo rakhane key liye adhigrahit kiya gayaa thaa.
aaney vaale varshon mein forsith ganj aur macleod ganj key judvaan shahar lagaatar badhate rahey aur 1904 taka kangda jile key vyaapaar, vanijya aur aadhikarik kaary key mahatvapurna kendra bunn gaye they. shahar kaa adhikansh hissa 1905 key vinashkari 7.8 teevrata key kangda bhookamp seey 4 aprail 1905 koo subah 6.19 baje nasht hoe gayaa thaa; kangda kshetra mein lagbhag 19,800 loga maare gaye they aur hajaaron ghayal hoe gaye they. bhookamp ney bhangsunath mandir sahit kangda, dharamshala aur maklod ganj mein adhikansh imaraton koo nasht curr diyaa. isake baad, jilaa mukhyalaya koo nichale sthaan parr sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, aur shahar ney apane itihas mein kuchh bhee mahatvapurna honey seey pahale ack aur aadhi sadee kaa intezar kiya.
march 1959 mein, 14vein dalaai laama, tenzin gyatso, 1959 mein cheeni communist party key khilaf tibbat mein whiffle vidroh key baad bhaarat bhaag gaye. bhaarat sarkaar ney unhein dharamshala mein sharan dee, jahan unhone 1960 mein nirvaasan mein tibbat kii sarkaar kii sthaapana kii, jabaki maklod ganj unakaa aadhikarik nivaas bunn gayaa aur kaee bauddh mathon aur hajaaron tibbati sharanarthiyon kaa ghar bhee bunn gayaa. varshon seey, mcleod ganj ack mahatvapurna paryatak aur teerth sthal key roop mein vikasit huaa, aur taba seey jansankhya mein kaafee vriddhi hui haye.
bhugol.
maklod ganj kii ausat oonchaai 2,082 meater (6,831 feat) haye. yeh dhauladhar renz mein sthit haye.
maklod ganj key paas key pramukh shaharon mein dharamshala, palampur, kangda, sidbadi, tatwani aur mashriyal shamil hain. aas-paas key anya aadhyatmik akarshanon mein chinmaya tapovan (ack hindu retreat center), osho nisarg (ack osho retreat center) aur chamunda (hinduon key liye ack teerth sthal) shamil hain. trund taka kaa trekking maarg macleod ganj seey shuru hotaa haye.
parivahan.
nikatatam havaai adda dharamshala seey 15 kii. mee. door kangda havaai adda haye.
sankeern-gaze kangda ghaati railway line parr nikatatam railway station kangda aur nagrota (dharamshala seey lagbhag 20 kimmy dakshin mein) mein hain. nikatatam railhead (broad gaze) pathankot (85 kii. mee.) mein haye.
buss seey yatra karna logon dwara upayog kiya jaane vaalaa parivahan kaa sabse aam madhyam haye. maklod ganj dharamshala seey lagbhag 9 kimmy aur dilli seey lagbhag 485 kimmy door haye. dilli seey buss key madhyam seey maclead ganj taka pahunchane mein lagbhag 10-11 ghante lagate hain, aur maarg parr pratidin 4-5 seey adhik basein chalane key saath niyamit seva upalabdh haye.
arthavyavastha.
paryatan ack mahatvapurna udyog haye joe mcleod ganj mein haye. kaee loga tibbati bauddh dharm, sanskriti, shilp aadi kaa adhyayan karane aatey hain. yeh shahar tibbati hastshilp, thangka, tibbati kaaleen, vastra aur anya smriti chinhon key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
sthalchinh.
shahar mein sabse mahatvapurna bauddh sthal suglagkhang yaa suglag khang haye, joe dalaai laama kaa mandir haye. isamen shakyamuni, avalokiteshwar aur padmasambhav (guru rinpoche) kii pratima haye.
macleod ganj mein anya bauddh aur tibbati sthalon mein namgyal mathh, gompa dip tse-chok ling (ack chhota mathh), tibbati karyon aur abhilekhagar kaa pustakalaya, gangchen kyashong (jise tibbati logon dwara sankshipt roop seey gangki kahaa jaataa haye aur tibbat sarkaar-nirvaasan kaa parisar), mani lakhang stoop, nechung mathh aur norbulka sansthaan shamil hain, joe 8 kilometres door haye. 17vaan karmapa, ogen trinley dorje, dharamshala key paas, sidbadi mein guto mathh mein rahata haye.
sanskriti.
tibbat sangrahalaya, jisaki sthaapana 1998 mein hui thee aur jiska udghaatan 20 aprail 2000 koo 14vein dalaai laama dwara kiya gayaa thaa, mein tibbati kalakritiyon aur tasveeron kaa sangrah haye joe damankari taakton key khilaf apane jeevan key tareeke koo sanrakshit karane key liye tibbatiyon key sangharsh koo darshaata haye. sangrahalaya dalaai laama mandir (tsuglag khang) seey sataa huaa haye. yeh kendriya tibbati prashaasan soochana aur antarrashtriya sambandh vibhaag kaa aadhikarik sangrahalaya haye. sangrahalaya kaa uddeshya tibbat key kabje key itihas aur usa palayan key baare mein jagrukta failana haye joe antatah cheeni utpeedan key khilaf tibbati pratirodh key kaaran huaa thaa. 
vartamaan mein 14vein dalaai laama yahaan rahate hain.
sangrahalaya mein 30,000 seey adhik tasveeren pradarshit kii gaee hain. agantukon koo himalayon mein nirvaasit honey vaale tibbati sharanarthiyon kii yatra koo dikhaane vaali ack vrittachitra dekhane key liye bhee protsaahit kiya jaataa haye. ise harr dinn dopahar 3 baje dekhaa jaataa haye.aim. aur pravesh shulk 10 rupaye haye. isake alawa, sangrahalaya parisar mein poore varsh charcha satra, karyashalaen, vrittachitra pradarshan jaisi kaee gatividhiyon aur karyakramon kaa ayojan kiya jaataa haye.
dharamshala antarrashtriya film mahotsav (diff) prativarsh aayojit kiya jaataa haye.

