
yoshigi saito

yoshishige saito (<unk>, saito yoshige, saito giju yaa saito giju bhee, 4 maee, 1904, hirosaki mein-13 juuna, 2001, yokohama mein) ack japani drishya kalakar aur kalaa shikshak they.
saito 20veen shatabdi kii japani kalaa mein ack maulik vyakti thaa aur japan mein yuddh-poorv awant-garde aur yuddh key baad kii amoort kalaa key beach ack mahatvapurna kadee thee. shuru seey hii, vaha post-impressionism aur awant-garde andolanon key sampark mein aaa gaye, jisamen russie rachnaatmaktaa aur europeeya daadaa key saath-saath paschimi saahitya aur markswad shamil they. 1930 key dashak mein, vaha awant-garde kalaa halakon mein sakriya hoe gaye, jabaki chitron aur lakadi kii nakkashi mein amurtata kaa peechha karate hue, vishesh roop seey "kaaraa kaaraa" aur "toro wood" kii raahat shrinkhala. unake yuddh seey pahale key sabhi kaam aur sambandhit samagri 1945 mein ack havaai hamale mein nasht hoe gaee thee, unamen seey kuchh kaa 1970 key dashak mein punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa.
yuddh key turant baad key varshon mein, saito kii kalaa mein vaapsee dheemi thee, lekin 1957 taka, unhone khud koo ack pramukh amoort kalakar key roop mein kalaa kii duniya mein phir seey sthaapit curr liya. aupchaariktaa kii ack mahaan bhavna key saath unaki painting key baad pahale soochana avadhi key dauran unake "drill paintings" aur phir lakadi kii raahat kii or vaapsee hui, joe baad mein 1980 key dashak mein chitrit plywood seey baney badey paimaane parr "sthaanik nirmaan" kii or leey gaee. lakadi key inn karyon mein, way chitrakala key muddon key saath aalochanatmak roop seey judey hue they, jabaki sthaanon key nirmaan key liye saansaarik plywood kii kshamata kii khoj curr rahey they.
taamaa kalaa vishvavidyalaya aur tokyo school off art mein ack professor key roop mein, saito ney badee sankhya mein kalaa chhatron koo prerit kiya, vishesh roop seey mono-haa andolan key bhavishya key kalakaron koo.
jeevani.
praarambhik jeevan aur currier.
1904 mein ack senaa adhikaari key bete key roop mein hirosaki mein paida hue, saito tokyo mein ack samriddh vatavaran mein paley-badhe. apane bachpan mein, unhone apane pitaa key swaamitva vaali tasveeron aur postcard mein europeeya vastukala aur chitrakala kaa saamana kiya. saito ney nihon chugakko (japan middle school) mein bhaag liya aur school key art club mein shamil hoe gaye; apane yuvaaon mein paul sezen aur vincent vaine gaag kii shally mein paridrishya aur aakriti chitra banaae. vaha europeeya aur russie saahitya key shaukeen paathak they, jinamen fyodor dostovsky, anton chekhov aur roman roland kii kritiyaan shamil theen.
awant-garde kalaa key saath saito kii sagaai 1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein shuru hui. unhone 1920 mein tokyo mein david burlick aur victor pamov dwara russie bhavishyavaadi chitron kii pradarshani kaa daura kiya, tukoiji shogeko (tukoiji chhote theatre) mein tomoyoshi murayama dwara theatre prastutiyon mein bhaag liya, aur catalog aur patrikaon key madhyam seey europeeya awant-garde kalaa key baare mein seekha. iss dauran, unhone apane bhramvaadi aur abhivyanjak moolyon key liye paaramparik chitrakala key prati ack mahatvapurna rukh vikasit kiya. way saahitya mein bhee adhik ruchi lene lagey aur markswad parr ack adhyayan samooh mein bhaag liya. 1928 key aspas, saito ney tri-ayami karyon kaa nirmaan karna shuru kiya, joe russie rachnaatmaktaa aur europeeya daadaa kalakaron jaise jeane aarp, francis picabia aur curt schwitters key karibi adhyayan seey prerit thaa.
1933 mein, saito avangyarudo yoga kenkijo (awant-garde tail chitrakala sansthaan) mein shamil hoe gayaa, jisaki sthaapana awant-garde kalakaron jaise cg togo aur haryu koga dwara kii gaee thee aur isamen yuki katsura jaise ubharate kalakar shamil they. isake shikshaavidon seey nirash hocker, unhone 1935 mein naukari chhod dee. iss samay key aspas, saito kaa saamana atiyathaarthvaadi lekhak aur aalochak shuzo takiguchi aur kavi/drishya kalakar katsue kitazono seey huaa, jinake saath saito ney lambe samay taka chalane vaali dosti vikasit kii. 1936 mein shuru hue nikaa kalaa sangh (aamtaur parr nikaa key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) kii pradarshaniyon mein ack pratibhaagi, saito 1938 mein takeo yamaguchi, jiro yoshihara aur katsura jaise awant-garde sadasyon dwara shuru kii gaee nikaa key bheetar ack awant-garde khand, kyushitsukai (kamra nau samaaj) mein shamil hoe gayaa. vaha 1939 mein nava sthaapit bijutsu banka kyokai (kalaa aur sanskriti sangh) mein shamil honey key liye chalaa gayaa, jiska netritva atiyathaarthvaadi chitrakaar ichiro fukuzawa ney kiya, joe lagbhag 40 awant-garde kalakaron jaise nobuya ebe, emitsu, saburo asso, ioswamy furusawa, noburu kitawaki aur tadashi sugimata koo ack saath laaya. sainyavaadi japani raajya dwara udaar, vishesh roop seey atiyathaarthvaadi, kalakaron key badhate utpeedan key sandarbh mein, 1942 mein pulis dwara saito key ghar kii talashi lii gaee thee. yuddh key varshon key dauran, masauda taiyar honey seey bachane key liye, saito koo panjikrit kiya gayaa thaa aur senaa key liye sabun banaane vaale karkhane mein kaam kiya gayaa thaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta seey kuchh samay pahale, ack havaai hamale key kaaran aag lagane seey saito key kaam, notebook aur anya dastavej khou gaye they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad kaa jeevan aur currier.
1946 mein, saito ney jald hii patrika "katti banka" (gharelu sanskriti) key sampaadak key roop mein naukari kii aur photographer kiyoji ōtsuji koo patrika key liye kaam karane key liye aamantrit kiya. unhone 1947 mein naukari chhod dee aur chitrakala kii kakshaaen shuru curr deen. 1947 mein, unhone taaro okamoto dwara shuru kiye gaye nihon avangyarudo bijutsuka kurabu (japan awant-garde artiste club) kii sthaapana mein bhaag liya. 1953 mein, saito ney bijutsu banka kyokai mein apani sadasyata chhod dee aur binaa sambaddhata key rahey. vittiya aur parivarik kathinaaiyon key saath-saath swaasthya samasyaon kaa saamana karate hue, saito 1954 mein urayasu chaley gaye, jahan way 1960 mein tokyo vaapas jaane taka rahey.
saito key karyon koo 1950 key dashak kii shuruat seey samooh pradarshaniyon mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen 1951 mein "nikhibi cocan bijtusu 30-inn-taine" (30 kalakaron dwara karyon kii us-japani vinimay pradarshani), 1952 seey "nihon kokusai bijutsuten"/"antarrashtriya kalaa pradarshaniyan, japan", 1953 mein aadhunik kalaa key rashtriya sangrahalaya, tokyo mein "chusho aur genso" (amurtata aur kalpana) pradarshani aur 1956 mein "jendai nihon bijutsu"/"samkaaleen japani chitra pradarshani" shamil hain.  
way varsh 1957 ney japani kalaa kii duniya mein saito kii safalata koo chihnit kiya, jisamen unake karyon koo pramukh samooh pradarshaniyon mein shamil kiya gayaa aur puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa. 1958 mein, saito kii pahali ekal pradarshani tokyo gallery mein takiguchi kii sifarish parr hui, joe gallery key ack salaahkaar they. yeh show kalakar key liye safal saabit huaa, kyonki sabhi pradarshit kritiyaan bechi gaeen aur show ney gallery key saath saito key aajivan ghanishth sahyog koo majboot kiya. baad mein, saito key karyon koo japan aur videshon mein japani samkaaleen kalaa aur chitrakala kii kaee pramukh samooh pradarshaniyon mein dikhaaya jaanaa jaari rhaa, jaise kii 1965 mein america mein "naee japani chitrakala aur murtikala", saath hii 1958 mein "41 veen pitsburg dwishtabdi antarrashtriya pradarshani", 1959 mein "5 veen saao paolo dwishtabdi", 1960 mein "venis dwishtabdi" aur "guggenheim antarrashtriya puraskar" jaise antarrashtriya ayojan.
venis dvivaarshik samaroh key avsar parr 1960 mein europe kii apani pahali yatra seey lautane key baad, saito vaapas tokyo chaley gaye. taba seey saito ney aksar europe, misra aur america kii yatra kii. yuu. aiss. mein apane pravaas key dauran, saito ney jasper johns, yayoi kusama, shusaku arkawa, kawara parr mulakat kii, aur johnn cage aur fluxus kalakaron dwara karyakramon mein bhaag liya.
shikshan.
1964 mein saito tokyo mein taamaa kalaa vishvavidyalaya mein professor baney. saito kii kakshaaen una aparamparaagat shikshan vidhiyon key liye jaani jaati theen jinka upayog way apane chhatron kii kalaatmak swaayatta (jaise.jee. gair-padaanukramit samooh charcha aur ack-seey-ack sanchaar) aur shaikshanik avadhaaranaon koo samaapt karna. unhone utsukta seey apani kakshaon mein navintam antarrashtriya kalaatmak vikas, jaise kii mitty kaa kaam, kaa parichay diyaa aur charcha kii. unake chhatron mein shingo honda, sugao kishi, susumu koshimizu, katsuhiko narita, nobuo sekin aur katsuro yoshida they, joe baad mein mono-haa key sadasya bunn gaye, saath hii saath bijutsuka kyoto kaigi (kalakar sanyukt-sangharsh parishad, jise aamtaur parr bikyoto key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) key anya sadasya bhee they. 1960 key dashak key anta mein chhaatr virodh pradarshan key dauran, saito ney chhatron kaa paksh liya aur vishvavidyalaya kii parishad kaa virodh kiya. unhone 1970 mein vyakhyan denaa bund curr diyaa aur 1973 mein aadhikarik taur parr apana pada chhod diyaa.
1982 mein, tokyo school off art (tii. aiss. aeye., tii. tii. tii. jee.) kii sthaapana saito key shaikshanik siddhanton kaa paalan karate hue kii gaee thee. unamen seey ack "padhaana naheen thaa", jisake dwara saito kaa uddeshya swatantrata koo badhaava denaa aur apane chhatron koo binaa kissy madad key apane vyaktigat drishtikon parr kaam karane key liye prerit karna thaa. pahali baar ack vyakhyata key roop mein lagey, way 1985 mein school key nideshak baney. school 2000 mein bund hoe gayaa.
saito kaa nidhan 13 juuna, 2001 koo yokohama mein 97 varsh kii ayu mein huaa.
kaam karate hain.
praarambhik kaary, 1930 key dashak mein.
1930 key dashak key dauran saito ack jyaamitiya ardh-aakriti chitrakala shally seey poori tarah seey amoort drishya bhasha kii or parivartit hoe gayaa, jisamen jyaamitiya roopon kii sthaanik vyavastha shamil thee joe jeane aarp, huns earnie, naam gabo, jeane helian, arther jackson, fernand legger yaa antoine pevson jaise europeeya amoort kalakaron dwara pratidhwanit hoti thee. 1930 mein, saito ney 18veen nikaa pradarshani key liye ack raahat jaise kaam key saath aavedan kiya, lekin yeh taya karane mein asamarth kii ise chitrakala yaa murtikala key khandon mein pravesh karna chaahiye yaa naheen, unhone vaapas leey liya. unake mishrit-media kolaj "kaaraa kaaraa" (1936), jinka 1970 key dashak mein punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, atiyathaarthvaadi vastu, jyaamitiya amoort chitrakala aur rachnaatmaktaa key sanyukt tatva they. 1938 mein, saito ney safed chitrit frame boardon parr, chamkile monochrom rangon mein chitrit plywood key dhaaridaar aur andakar aakar key tukadon koo lagu karna shuru kiya. yeye kritiyaan, jinka baad mein sheershak "toro-ado" (toro-lakadi) thaa, russie rachnaatmaktaa aur europeeya amoort kalaa key saath-saath uttari wei rajvansh kii syaahi key saath judee hui theen, aur abhivyakti, sapaatata aur bhram jaisi paaramparik chitrakala kii visheshtaon koo chunauti detee theen. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran havaai hamalon key kaaran luggy aag mein saito key shuruati kaam khou gaye they, lekin unamen seey kuchh kaa 1960 key dashak key madhya mein kalakar dwara punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa.
chitrakala kaa yug", 1940-1960.
yuddh key turant baad key varshon mein, saito ney jyaamitiya roop seey amoort aur vikrit maanav aakritiyon key saath lakadi parr tail chitra banaae joe picaso key "gwernica" kaa prabhaav paida karate they. 1956 key aspas, alankarik tatvon kii aakriti bhang hoe gaee aur jyaamitiya roopon dwara pratisthaapit curr dee gaee, joe 1957 key baad, aspasht rangon aur aspasht lekin aspasht monochrom prishthabhoomi parr aspasht rangon key blush mein vikasit hue. agra aur prishthabhoomi key dhahane key saath, chitrakala kii satah kii sapaatata parr jore diyaa gayaa thaa (udaaharan key liyeh "onee (daanav)", 1957). halanki 1957 key aspas japani kalaa kii duniya soochanaatmak chitrakala seey mohit hoe gaee, jisamen aksar ack abhivyanjak gatishil haavbhaav aur rung kaa prachur upayog shamil thaa, saito key chitra sapaat roop seey lagu rung key apane chipchipe dhabbon key saath khade they joe sapaat satah parr darshakon kii nazar koo pakadate prateet hotey they. sapaat apaardarshi prabhaav koo badhaane key liye, saito kabhi-kabhi encostic kaa upayog kartaa haye.
drill kaam kartaa haye, 1960-1964.
1960 mein, venis seey lautane parr, saito ney lakadi parr apane chitron parr rekhaaon aur chhed kaa utpaadan karane key liye ack vidyut drill kaa upayog karna shuru kiya. lakadi parr chamkile rung kaa tail rung lagaane key alawa, unhone soochana key tatvon jaise kii haute pete, i koo bhee apanaaya.ee., motee impasto, aur kharonchdar puratan sanket jaisi rekhaaen aur chotil satahen, prakriya aur mauka, lekin phir bhee unaki satahon ney apani sapaatata banaae rakhee aur lakadi kii vastu key roop mein apani prakriti parr jore diyaa. saito sambhavatah lucio fontana seey prerit thaa, jinase vaha europe kii apani pichhali yatra key dauran mille they.
lakadi kii nakkashi parr lautein, 1964-1975.
1964 mein, saito ney aakar key plywood key tukadon key saath lakadi kii nakkashi banaane aur chamkile monochrom rangon mein chitrit cutout key saath apane yuddh poorv abhyaas koo phir seey shuru kiya. unhone 1930 key dashak seey apane karyon kaa seedhe sandarbh dete hue kritiyaan banaai jaise "kaaraa kaaraa" aur "toro wood", jisamen unhone gahan rangon mein pent lagaaya aur roller dwara majboot vipareet, udaaharan key liye safed prishthabhoomi parr laal yaa neela. unhone plywood mein kaam karane key liye rekhaaon, chhed aur dent kaa upayog karna jaari rakhaa.
1967 seey 1968 taka saito ney rosemarra kii vastuon key aakar mein lakadi kii nakkashi banaai jinhen chamkile vipareet rangon mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. unaki raahat "hanger", "pench" aur "crain", joe 1920 key dashak seey aarp kii lakadi kii nakkashi koo pratidhwanit karati haye (ee.jee. "shirt aur key, 1922 key liye) key saath-saath us-americi popp art aur haard-aij painting 1960 key dashak mein utpann hui. 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein, saito ney nae roopon aur samagriyon kii shuruat kii, ghumaavdaar lakadi key panels aur aluminium panels kaa utpaadan kiya, jiss parr unhone tail pent key bajaay aikrelik aur laakh pent lagaaya.
"asamamiti" aur "tree aiz", 1976-1978.
1976 aur 1978 key beach, saito ney aaytaakaar lakadi key frames seey chipke binaa rangdar lakadi key takhton key kaam banaae. kuchh mamalon mein, takhton key beach plastic yaa steel kii ack patti daali gaee thee, yaa ack yaa dou lakadi key takhton koo doosari parat key roop mein oopar tirchhe roop seey lagaaya gayaa thaa. saito kaa naam aur kaam kaa sheershak seedhe takhton parr yaa lakadi key beach ack kagaj parr bandha huaa thaa. takhton kii yeye frame kii gaee vyavastha lakadi kii baad yaa barricades kii yaad dilaati thee joe darshakon kii nazaron koo rokti thee, iss prakaar khuli khidki key roop mein painting key italvi punarjagaran key vichaar kaa virodh karati thee. saito ney takhton key beach antaral daalane key saath prayog kiya, unhein bahubhuj aakar dene key saath, 1960 key dashak seey russie rachanaatmak yaa frank stella key aakar key canvas koo yaad karate hue, yaa takhton kii paraton parr lakadi key vargon koo jodane key saath. bekhachit lakadi key inn karyon mein "tree aaiz" aur "disussummetry" shrinkhala shamil hain (dhyaan dein kii "tree aaiz" sheershak lakadi key anaaj key liye japani shabd "mokume" parr ack shlesh thaa) aur vikarn rekhaaon, taha aansuu aur parat kaa upayog karke kagaj parr unake karyon key samanantar. 1978 mein shuru karate hue, saito ney lakadi key niyamit polyhedron key nirmaan key saath lakadi key takhton koo aakar dene key apane kaam koo teen aayamon mein vistaarit kiya.
sthaanik nirmaan, 1980-2000.
1980 mein, saito ney taramandal seey ubharane vaale sthaanon kaa pataa lagaane key liye sanyukt kaale rung key lakadi key takhton key sanyojan banaana shuru kiya aur unake nirmaan kii asthirta parr jore diyaa.  pahali vyavastha, ee.jee.," anupaat "(1980) aur" trikoniya "(1981) shrinkhala, deewaar key khilaf yaa deewaar parr sthaapit kii gaee thee; haalaanki, teji seey, aur bhaagon key judane key saath, way badey, adhik jatil hoe gaye aur pradarshani sthaan mein pahunch gaye. vyavasthaaen teji seey jatil hoti gaeen, jisamen vibhinn sthiti aur jhooth bolane, khade honey, latakane, ghudsavaar aur boult kiye gaye hisson key sambandh shamil they. kaale rung ney lakadi koo saaf-suthare tareeke seey dhaka diyaa, taaki lakadi kii banaavat adrishya hoe gaee, jisase vyavastha koo chhaaya jaisa mait prabhaav milaa. sapaatata koo ujagar karke, saito ney matra aur dravyamaan kii bodhshakti koo cumm curr diyaa, jisase unaki murtikala kii appeal parr sawal uthaaya gayaa. sabhaon mein aksar vyavasthaaen shamil hoti theen, joe russie rachanaatmak ell lisitzki key praun room key jyaamitiya roopon key vipareet naheen, vladmir tatlin key counter-releaf aur 1960 key dashak seey robbert morris key beam installation, gurutvaakarshan key niyamon kii avahelana karate prateet hotey they. saito ney vrittakar lakadi key hisson key saath kaale rung key takhton key nirmaan aur rosemarra kii samagri jaise desk, pent key dibbe aur kaale board koo scribbling key saath cover kiya, joe ack studio sthiti mein pragati mein ack asthaayi prayogaatmak kaam kii chhaap koo ujagar kartaa haye.
2001 mein apani mrityu taka, saito ney lakadi, lohe aur kansya key saath-saath kagaj key kolaj kaa upayog karke frame kiye gaye nakkashi banaane kaa kaam bhee jaari rakhaa.

