
dwipaarshvik vibhajan

dou alag-alag visheshtaon key anupaat mein seeton koo aavantit karane key liye dwi-aanupaatik vibhajan ack aanupaatik pratinidhitva vidhi haye. arthaat, dou alag-alag vibhajanon key liye pratyek bhaag koo seeton kii kull sankhya key bheetar aanupaatik sankhya praapt hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, yeh vidhi dall aur kshetra dwara, yaa dall dwara aur ling/jaatiyata dwara, yaa visheshtaon kii kissy anya jodee dwara aanupaatik parinam dey sakati haye.
prakriya.
maan leejiye kii vidhi kaa upayog dall aur kshetra dwara aanupaatik parinam dene key liye kiya jaanaa haye.
pratyek dall pratyek kshetra key liye ack ummidwar soochi naamit kartaa haye. matadaata apane kshetra key dalon (aur/yaa vyaktigat ummidvaaron key liye, ack khuli soochi yaa sthaaniya soochi pranali mein) key liye matdan karate hain.
parinamon kii ganana dou charanon mein kii jaati haih
ise vaishvik star parr pratyek dall key matdaataon kii matdan shakti koo aavashyak nyuntam raashi seey samaayojit karane key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye taaki kshetra-darr-kshetra parinam dall dwara aanupaatik hoe jaaen.
oopari vibhajan.
oopari vibhajan mein pratyek paksh key liye seeton kii ganana uchchatam ausat vidhi (udaaharan key liye sente-legue vidhi) key saath kii jaati haye. yeh nirdhaarit kartaa haye kii pratyek party apane sabhi maton key kull honey key kaaran kitni seeton kii hakdar haye (joe usa party kii sabhi kshetriya soochiyon key liye maton kaa yog haye). samaan roop seey, pratyek kshetra mein sabhi seeton mein seey kitni seeten yogya hain, yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye ack hii uchchatam ausat vidhi kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
dhyaan dein kii oopari vibhajan key parinam poore matdan kshetra key bheetar ack party kii seeton kii sankhya (aur ack kshetra kii seeton kii sankhya key liye samaan roop seey) key liye antim parinam hain, nimn vibhajan kewal yeh nirdhaarit karega kii kiss vishesh kshetra mein party kii seeten aavantit kii gaee hain. iss prakaar, oopari vibhajan key baad, sansad key bheetar ack party/kshetra kii antim taakat nishchit haye.
cumm vibhajan.
nichale vibhajan koo pratyek kshetriya party kii soochi mein seeton koo iss tarah seey vitarit karna hotaa haye kii party koo seeton key vibhajan aur kshetron mein seeton key vibhajan donon kaa sammaan kiya jaae.
parinam ack punaravritti prakriya dwara praapt kiya jaataa haye. shuru mein, pratyek kshetra key liye ack "kshetriya vibhaajak" kaa chayan iss kshetra mein pratyek kshetriya dall kii soochi key liye aavantit maton key liye uchchatam ausat vidhi kaa upayog karke kiya jaataa haye. pratyek paksh key liye ack "party vibhaajak" koo 1 key saath aarambh kiya jaataa haye.
prabhaavi roop seey, punaravritti prakriya kaa uddeshya kshetriya vibhaajak aur party vibhaajak koo sanshodhit karna haye taaki
iss uddeshya koo puuraa honey taka nimnalikhit dou sudhaar charanon koo nishpaadit kiya jaataa haih
sente-legue vidhi kaa upayog karate hue, iss punaravritti prakriya koo pratyek kshetriya party soochi key liye upayukt seat sankhya key saath samaapt karane kii guaranti haye.
vishisht udaaharan.
maan leejiye kii teen paksh aeye, bee aur see aur teen kshetra aaee, aaee aur aaee hain aur 20 seeten vitarit kii jaani hain aur sente-legue vidhi kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. kshetriya dalon kii soochiyon key liye vote iss prakaar hainh
oopari vibhajan.
oopari vibhajan key liye, dalon aur kshetron key liye samagr seat sankhya nirdhaarit kii jaati haye.
choonki 3805 matadaata aur 20 seeten hain, isaliye prati seat 190 (poorna) matadaata hain. iss prakaar party kii seeton key vitaran key parinam iss prakaar hainh
vibhaajak 190 kaa upayog karate hue, kshetra kii seeton key vitaran key parinam hainh
cumm vibhajan.
shuru mein, kshetriya vibhajankartaon koo pratyek kshetra kii seeton koo kshetriya party soochiyon mein vitarit karane key liye paaya jaanaa chaahiye. talika mein, pratyek kshetriya dall kii soochi key liye, dou kaksh hain, pahala maton kii sankhya aur doosara aavantit seeton kii sankhya koo darshaata haye.
abb, party key vibhaajak koo ack key saath aarambh kiya jaataa haye aur pratyek party key bheetar seeton kii sankhya kii jaanch kii jaati haye (yaani, oopari vibhajan mein ganana kii gaee sankhya kii tulanaa mein):
choonki sabhi dalon key paas seeton kii sahee sankhya naheen haye, isaliye ack sudhaar kadam nishpaadit kiya jaanaa haih partiyon aeye aur bee key liye, vibhaajak koo samaayojit kiya jaanaa haye. a key liye bhaajak koo oopar uthaana hoga aur b key liye bhaajak koo neeche karna hogaah
abb, kshetron i aur iii key liye vibhaajak koo sanshodhit karna hoga. choonki kshetra i mein ack seat bahut adhik haye (oopari vibhajan mein ganana kii gaee 7 seeton key bajaay 8), isake vibhaajak koo oopar uthaana padata haye; isake vipareet, kshetra III key liye vibhaajak koo cumm karna padata haye.
phir seey, pakshon key liye vibhaajak koo samaayojit kiya jaanaa haih
abb, teen dalon aur teen kshetron key liye seeton kii sankhya oopari vibhajan mein ganana kii gaee sankhya seey mell khaati haye. iss prakaar, punaravritti prakriya poori hoe jaati haye.
antim seat sankhyaaen hainh
upayog karein.
german ganitshastri friedrich pukelshem dwara 2003 mein prastaavit dwaipaakshik niyukti kii ack vidhi kaa upayog abb switzerland key kuchh cantons mein chhaavani aur nagarpalika chunaavon key liye kiya jaataa haye.ee. zurich (2006 seey), aaragaau aur shafhausen (2008 seey), nidwalden, zag (2013 seey), schwiz (2015 seey) aur valice (2017 seey).
bulgarian rashtriya vidhansabha key liye rashtriya chunaavon mein bhee dwi-aanupaatik niyukti kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
nishpaksh bahumat seey matdan.
"nishpaksh bahumat matdan" ack dwi-aanupaatik vibhajan vidhi haye jisamen ekal-sadasya kshetron koo "jile" kahaa jaataa haye, isaliye pratyek jile mein thheek ack pratinidhi hotaa haye. ise 2008 mein michel balinsky (jinhone ekal-vijeta matdan pranali kaa bhee aavishkaar kiya jise bahumat nirnay kahaa jaataa haye) dwara vishesh roop seey sanyukt raajya america mein geremondering kii shakti koo samaapt karane key tareeke key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa.

