operation kondor

operation kondor (, jise "plan conder" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) raajneetik daman aur raajya aatankvaad kaa ack sanyukt raajya samarthit abhiyaan thaa jisamen khufiya abhiyaan, see. aaee. aeye. samarthit takhtapalat shamil they, saath hii dakshin america mein vampanthi samajwadi netaaon kii hatyaaen 1968 seey 1989 taka. operation kondor koo aadhikarik taur parr aur aupchaarik roop seey navambar 1975 mein dakshin america key dakshini shanku key dakshinpanthi tanashahon dwara lagu kiya gayaa thaa.
isaki gupt prakriti key kaaran, operation kandor key kaaran honey vaali mauton kii sateek sankhya atyadhik vivaadit haye. kuchh anuman hain kii cumm seey cumm 60,000 mautein kandor seey hoe sakati hain, jinamen seey 30,000 mautein argentine mein hoe sakati hain. aatank kii soochi key abhilekhagar mein 50,000 maare gaye, 30,000 gayab hoe gaye aur 400,000 kaid hoe gaye. isake alawa, americi raajneetik vaigyaanik jey. patrice mcchary ney 2002 key ack srot mein rashtriya seemaon koo paar karane vaale kandor abhiyaanon mein cumm seey cumm 402 logon key maare jaane kaa aankada diyaa haye, aur 2009 key ack srot mein ullekh kiya haye kii joe "nirvaasan mein gaye they" aur "mitra deshon mein apaharan, yaatana aur maare gaye they yaa avaidh roop seey unake grih deshon mein sthanantarit kiye gaye they... aise saikadon, yaa hajaaron, vyaktiyon kii sankhya-joe abhee bhee antim roop seey nirdhaarit naheen kii gaee haye-koo apaharan curr liya gayaa, prataadit kiya gayaa aur kandor operation mein unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee."peediton mein asantusht aur vampanthi, sangh aur kisan netaa, pujari, bhikshu aur nana, chhaatr aur shikshak, buddhijivi aur sandigdh gurilla shamil they.
halanki ise see. aaee. aeye. dwara "aatankvaad aur vidhvans kaa mukabala karane key liye kaee dakshin americi deshon kii khufiya/suraksha sevaaon dwara ack sahakaari prayaas" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin "gurillaon" kaa mukabala karane kaa upayog isake astitva key liye ack bahaane key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki gurilla kshetra koo niyantrit karane, kissy bhee videshi shakti dwara bhautik samarthan praapt karane, yaa anyatha rashtriya suraksha key liye khatra paida karane key liye paryaapt sankhya mein naheen they. kondor key praarambhik sadasya argentine, chilly, urugue, paragve aur bolivia kii sarkaaren theen; brazil ney baad mein samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye. peru baad mein ack adhik paridhiya bhoomika mein operation mein shamil hoe gayaa. sanyukt raajya sarkaar ney fords, carter aur reegan prashaasan key dauran junton koo yojana, samanvaya, yaatana parr prashikshan aur takniki sahaayata pradaan kii aur sainya sahaayata kii aapoorti kii. iss tarah kaa samarthan aksar see. aaee. aeye. key madhyam seey bheja jaataa thaa.
poorvavarti.
operation kondor, joe sheet yuddh key sandarbh mein huaa thaa, koo sanyukt raajya america kii maun manjuri aur bhautik samarthan praapt thaa. 1968 mein, yuu.aiss. general robbert doubleu. porter junier. unhone kahaa kii "lattin americi deshon key bheetar aur unake beach aantarik suraksha balon key samanvit rojgar koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye, humm hain... ekikrit kamaan aur niyantran kendron key sangathan mein sahaayata karke antar-seva aur kshetriya sahyog koo badhaava dene kaa prayaas; samanya sanchaalan prakriyaon kii sthaapana; aur sanyukt aur sanyukt prashikshan abhyason kaa sanchaalan."
americi itihaaskaar jey. 1976 key poorv gupt see. aaee. aeye. dastavejon parr adharit patrice mcchary, 1960 key dashak aur 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein yuu. aiss. mein antarrashtriya suraksha adhikaariyon key beach vikasit kii gaee thee.aiss. raajneetik asantushton seey dakshin america mein kathit khatron seey nipatane key liye america key senaa school aur americi senaaon kaa sammelan. 23 juuna 1976 key ack avargeekrit see. aaee. aeye. dastaavez mein bataaya gayaa haye kii "1974 kii shuruat mein, argentine, chilly, urugue, paragve aur bolivia key suraksha adhikaari vidhvansak lakshyon key khilaf samanvit kaarravaai taiyar karane key liye buenos air mein mille."
karyakram dakshin america mein sainya "takhtapalat" kii ack shrinkhala key baad vikasit kiya gayaa thaah
americi patrakaar aeye. jey. langgooth ney 1978 kii ack pustak mein kahaa haye kii inn deshon mein raajneetik sharanarthiyon kii nigrani (aur baad mein laapata yaa hatyaa) key sambandh mein argentine aur urugve key suraksha adhikaariyon key beach pahali baithakon key sangathan kaa shreya cia dwara samanvaya koo diyaa jaa sakata haye, aur yeh kii cia ney argentine, brazil aur urugve key mrityu daston key beach baithakon mein ack madhyasth key roop mein bhee kaam kiya.
rashtriya suraksha abhilekhagar ney bataaya, "navambar 1975 mein pinochet shasson dwara sthaapit, operation kondor ack aupchaarik dakshini shanku sahyog key liye kootnam thaa jisamen rashtriya suraksha abhilekhagar key dastaveji sakshya key anusaar, antarrashtriya gupt khufiya gatividhiyon, apaharan, yaatana, gayab aur hatyaa shamil thee.aiss.paraguan, argentine aur chilly kii faailen."iss kootnam mission key tahat, kaee loga maare gaye they. jaisa kii report mein kahaa gayaa haye, "kondor key pramukh peediton mein dou poorv uruguai vidhaayak aur ack poorv bolivian rashtrapati, juan jose torres, jinaki buenos aayars mein hatyaa curr dee gaee thee, aantarik key poorv chilly key mantri, bernardo leiton, saath hii saath poorv chilly key rajdoot orlando latellier aur unake 26 varsheeya americi sahayogi, rony moffit, kii washington dee shahar mein ack kaar bumm seey hatyaa curr dee gaee thee.see."
itihas.
operation kondor key nirmaan seey pahale vibhinn suraksha sevaaon key beach sahyog maujood thaa, jiska uddeshya "markswadi vidhvans koo samaapt karna" thaa."3 sitambar 1973 koo caracas mein aayojit americi senaaon key sammelan key dauran, brazil kii senaa key pramukh, brazil key general breno borge forts ney" "vidhvans key khilaf sangharsh" "key liye vibhinn sevaaon key beach" "soochana key adaan-pradaan kaa vistaar" "karane kaa prastaav rakhaa."
march 1974 mein chilly, urugue aur bolivia key pulis balon key pratinidhiyon ney sahyog dishaanirdeshon koo lagu karane key liye argentine sanghiya pulis key upa pramukh aur triple aeye death squad key saha-sansthaapak alberto vilar seey mulakat kii. unakaa lakshya argentine mein hajaaron raajneetik nirvaasiton kii upasthiti dwara darshaae gaye "vidhvansak" khatare koo nasht karna thaa. agast 1974 mein, bolivian sharanarthiyon kii laashen buenos air mein kachare key dher mein paaee gaeen. 2007 mein, mcchary ney juuna 1976 key nae avargeekrit see. aaee. aeye. dastavejon key aadhar parr, chilly aur uruguai sharanarthiyon key iss avadhi key dauran apaharan aur yaatana kii pushti kii, joe buenos air mein reh rahey they.
25 navambar 1975 koo, general augusto pinochet key 60vein janmadin parr, argentine, bolivia, chilly, paraguay aur urugue kii sainya khufiya sevaaon key netaaon ney dinaa (chilly kii gupt pulis) key pramukh manuel contreras seey santiago dee chilly mein mulakat kii, aadhikarik taur parr yojana koo kondor banaaya. francisi patrakaar mairi-monic robbin key anusaar, "escadron day laa mort, ell 'ikole frankage" (2004, "death squaud, dha french school") key lekhak, general rivro, argentine sashastr balon key khufiya adhikaari aur francisi key poorv chhaatr, ney operation kandor kii avadharana vikasit kii.
khatron key baare mein sarkaaron kii dhaarana key aadhar parr, aadhikarik taur parr lakshya sashastr samooh they (jaise kii meer, montonros yaa arp, tupamaros, aadi).), lekin sarkaaron ney sabhi prakaar key raajneetik virodhiyon key khilaf apane hamalon koo vyaapak banaa diyaa, jisamen unake parivaar aur anya shamil they, jaisa kii valeck aayog dwara bataaya gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, argentine kaa "gandaa yuddh", jisake parinamswarup adhikansh anumaanon key anusaar lagbhag 30,000 peedit hue, kaee trade-yooniyanvadiyon, kaaryakartaon key rishtedaron, samajik kaaryakartaon jaise kii plaza dee meyo kii maataon kii sansthapakon, nana, vishvavidyalaya key professors aadi kaa apaharan, yaatana aur hatyaa curr dee gaee.
1976 key baad seey, chilly kii dinaa aur usake argentine samkaksh, paksh, operation key agrim pankti key sanic they. kukhyaat "mrityu udaanen", jise argentine mein luis maria mendia dwara siddhaantit kiya gayaa thaa-aur pahale francisi balon dwara algerian yuddh (1954-62) key dauran upayog kiya gayaa thaa;-vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya gayaa thaa. sarkari bull peediton koo vimaan yaa helicopter seey samudra mein leey gaye, unhein niyojit gumshudgi mein unaki maut key liye chhod diyaa. yeh kahaa gayaa thaa kii iss sainya bambari seey argentine mein sthit oh. pee. aar.-33 kaa buniyaadi dhancha nasht hoe gayaa thaa. maee 1976 mein, yojana key sadasya chilly key santiago mein mille, jisamen bhaag lene vaale deshon ney "lambi doori key sahyog" parr charcha kii... [joe] soochana key adaan-pradaan seey parey chalaa gayaa "aur unhein code naam diye gaye. julaai mein, see. aaee. aeye. ney khufiya jaankaari ekatra kii kii yojana key sadasyon kaa irada videshon mein rahane vaale swadeshi aatankvaadi samoohon key netaaon key khilaf hamla karane kaa thaa."
1977 key anta mein, asamanya toofaanon key kaaran, buenos air key dakshin mein samudra taton parr kaee laashen beh gaeen, jisase sarkaar key kuchh peediton key saboot mille. jail mein una maataon seey bachchon aur bachchon koo leey jaane key saikadon mamle bhee they jinka apaharan curr liya gayaa thaa aur baad mein gayab hoe gaye they; bachchon koo avaidh roop seey god laker shasson key parivaaron aur sahyogiyon koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa. see. aaee. aeye. ney yeh bhee bataaya kii operation kondor deshon ney ack saath kaam karane key vichaar koo bahut achchi tarah seey liya, aur manovaigyaanik yuddh jaise kshetron mein apana sanchaar network aur sanyukt prashikshan pahal vikasit kii.
lattin america key liye raajya key sahayak sachiv hairi doubleu seey likhi gaee ack report mein. 3 agast 1976 koo heinry kissinger key liye schloudman, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii dakshin america mein sainya shasson suraksha karanon seey balon mein shamil honey key liye ack saath aaa rahey they. way markswad key prasaar aur satta parr unaki pakad parr padane vaale prabhaavon key baare mein chintit they. yeh nayaa bull anya sadasya deshon mein gopaniyata mein sanchaalit thaa. unakaa lakshyah apane hii deshon aur europe mein "krantikari samanvaya samiti" key aatankvaadiyon kii talash karna aur unhein maarnaa. schloudman ney chinta vyakt kii kii operation kandor key sadasyon mein vyaapt "gherabandi kii mansikta" kshetra mein sainya aur nagrik sansthanon key beach ack badee khaai kaa kaaran bunn sakati haye. unhein yeh bhee darr thaa kii isase inn deshon koo vikasit paschimi deshon seey alag-thalag curr diyaa jaa sakata haye. unakaa maanana thaa kii unake kuchh daron kaa auchitya thaa, phir bhee unhone mahsoos kiya kii inn deshon koo bahut dridhata seey pratikriya dene seey israel mein plo key samaan ack majboot aatankvaadi jawabi pratikriya paida hoe sakati haye.
yuu.aiss. 17 aprail 1977 key dastavejon mein chilly aur argentine donon koo prachaar prasaar key uddeshya seey sanchaar media kaa upayog karane mein sakriya key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa. prachaar key dou uddeshya they. pahala uddeshya videshi media dwara shamil sarkaaron kii aalochana koo cumm karna/unakaa mukabala karna thaa aur doosara sthaaniya janata mein rashtriya gaurav paida karna thaa. chilly dwara banaaya gayaa ack prachaar tukada, "chilly after alende", kondor key tahat kaam karane vaali sarkaaron key beach vitarit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, dastaavez mein kewal itna kahaa gayaa haye kii urugue aur argentine kewal dou desh they jinhone samjhaute koo sweekaar kiya thaa. paraguay kii sarkaar koo kewal sthaaniya press, "patriya" kaa upayog apane mukhya prachaar nirmaata key roop mein karane key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa. ack baithak joe march 1977 mein honey thee, jisamen "aatankvaadiyon aur vampanthi charampanthiyon key khilaf manovaigyaanik yuddh takneekon" parr charcha kii gaee thee, argentine aur paraguay donon kii khufiya sevaaon key punargathan key kaaran radd curr dee gaee thee.
9 maee 1977 kii 2016 kii ack avargeekrit see. aaee. aeye. report, jiska sheershak "dakshini shanku mein aatankvaad kaa mukabala" thaa, ney chilly, urugve aur argentine seey judey karyakram key ack pahalu koo rekhaankit kiya, jisamen nirvaasit aatankvaadiyon key khilaf lattin america key baahar, vishesh roop seey europe mein, avaidh abhiyaanon kii parikalpana kii gaee haye."dakshini shanku kii sainya-niyantrit sarkaaren", dastaavez mein likhaa haye, "sabhi khud koo antarrashtriya markswad kaa lakshya maanate hain."dastaavez ney kondor kii maulik visheshta koo ujagar kiya, joe" "vidhvans" "koo shaant karane key liye ack lambe samay seey prayaas kiye gaye" "kshetriya drishtikon" "key hisse key roop mein gathit thaa, 1974 kii shuruat mein safal huaa jaba" "brazil koo chhodkar sabhi sadasya deshon key suraksha adhikaari, sampark channel sthaapit karane aur ack desh seey dusare desh mein sarkari vyavasaay parr suraksha adhikaariyon kii aavaajaahi koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye sahmat hue."kondor key" "praarambhik uddeshyon" "mein seey ack" "krantikari samanvaya junta (aar. see. jey.), ack sangathan parr jaankaari kaa adaan-pradaan thaa...bolivia, urugue, chilly, argentine aur paragve key aatankvaadi samoohon key baare mein "jinake" pratinidhiyon "key baare mein maanaa jaataa thaa kii way pichhale maee mein france mein bolivian rajdoot kii peris mein hatyaon mein shamil they aur 1974 mein ack uruguai sainya atashe." see. aaee. aeye. report mein kahaa gayaa kii kandor kaa maulik mission "sheersh star key aatankvaadi netaaon" key saath-saath gair-aatankvaadi lakshyon kaa parisamapan thaa, jisamen "uruguai vipakshi rajneta willson ferreira, aggar unhein europe kii yatra karni chaahiye, aur kuchh antarrashtriya netaaon koo maafi denaa shamil thaa."cia dwara" "manovaigyaanik yuddh aur ack prachaar abhiyaan sahit ahinsak gatividhiyon mein lagey rahane" "key liye bhee dekhaa gayaa thaa, jisane media kii pahunch kaa upayog" "aatankvaadiyon dwara kiye gaye apraadhon aur atyacharon koo prachaarit karane key liye kiya."isake alawa," rashtriya gaurav aur rashtriya vivek "kii appeal mein, condor ney apane sadasya deshon key nagrikon seey" apane pados mein kuchh bhee samanya report karane "kaa ahwan kiya."1980 mein, ack aur baithak hui jisamen montensero koo pakad liya gayaa thaa. yeh kahaa gayaa thaa kii yadi way sahyog karane aur riyo mein bhavishya kii baithakon key baare mein jaankaari dene key liye sahmat hotey hain tou aar. aiss. oh. unhein naheen maarenge.
kondor key baare mein khulaase.
tanashahi aur unaki khufiya sevaaen 1975 aur 1985 key beach kii avadhi mein hajaaron logon key maare jaane aur laapata honey key liye jimmedaar theen. usa dashak key dauran kshetra mein raajneetik daman kaa vishleshan karate hue, brazil key patrakaar nilson mariano ney anuman lagaaya kii paragve mein maare gaye aur laapata logon kii sankhya 2,000 thee; chilly mein 3,196; urugve mein 297; brazil mein 366; aur argentine mein 30,000. operation kii avadhi key dauran sadasya deshon dwara maare gaye aur gayab honey vaalon kii sankhya kaa anuman argentine mein 7,000-30,000, chilly mein 3,000-10, bolivia mein 116-546, brazil mein 434-1,000, paraguay mein 200-400 aur urugve mein 123-215 haye. jabaki kaee srot inn sankhyaon koo operation kondor key kaaran honey vaali mauton kii sankhya mein jodate hain, hatyaaen seedhe kondor kii seema paar sainya aur dakshin americi tanashahon key beach khufiya sahyog seey judee hain, paribhasha key anusaar, kull kaa kewal ack chhota upasamuchchay haye. udaaharan key liye, 2002 mein anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa kii kandor abhiyaanon mein cumm seey cumm 402 vyakti maare gaye yaa "gayab" hoe gaye theh "kuchh 132 uruguyan (argentine mein 127, chilly mein 3 aur paraguay mein 2), 72 bolivian (chilly mein 36, argentine mein 36), 119 chillion, 51 paraguyan (argentine mein), 16 brazilian (argentine mein 9 aur chilly mein 7), aur brazil mein cumm seey cumm 12 argentine. mcchary ney kahaa kii "kuchh 200 vyakti automotores orletti seey gujarate hue, argentine mein pramukh kandor hirasat kendra", aur agah kiya kii "yeye aankade sambhavatah cumm anumaanit hain. 2009 mein, mcchary ney "saikadon, yaa hajaaron kii ack shrinkhala kii peshkash kii... kondor operation mein hatyaa curr dee gaee, "yeh sweekaar karate hue kii" sankhya abhee bhee antatah nirdhaarit naheen kii gaee haye. 
22 disambar 1992 koo, yaatana peedit martin almada aur ack paraguan nyayadhish, jose augustein fernandez, ack poorv raajneetik kaidi kii faailon koo dekhane key liye asuncian key lambere upnagar mein ack pulis station gaye. unhone paaya kii joe "aatank key abhilekhagar" (purtagaalih "arquivos doo terror") key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa, joe hajaaron lattin americi raajneetik kaidiyon key bhaagya kaa dastavejikaran kartaa haye, jinhen gupt roop seey argentine, bolivia, brazil, chilly, paraguay aur urugue kii suraksha sevaaon dwara apaharan, yaatana aur maar diyaa gayaa thaa. abhilekhagar mein kull 60,000 dastavej they, jinka vajan 4 tunn thaa aur jisamen 593,000 sookshm film prishth shamil they. dakshini shanku operation kondor key parinamswarup 50,000 taka maare gaye; 30,000 "gayab" hoe gaye; aur 400,000 giraftar kiye gaye aur kaid curr liye gaye. inmein seey kuchh deshon ney poorv sainya adhikaariyon parr mukadama chalaane key liye abhilekhagar mein sakshya parr bharosa kiya haye. laa federation latinomericana dee associations dee familires dee detanidos-deceperacidos (fedfam) dwara maare gaye logon kii adhik sankhya koo saamane rakhaa gayaa haye.
inn abhilekhagaron key anusaar, peru jaise anya deshon ney dakshini shanku rashtron kii suraksha sevaaon key anurodhon key jawab mein khufiya jaankaari pradaan karke sahyog kiya. jabaki peru key paas navambar 1975 mein santiago dee chilly mein gupt baithak mein koee pratinidhi naheen thaa, isaki bhagidari key saboot hain. udaaharan key liye, juuna 1980 key anta mein, peru koo lima mein nirvaasan mein rahane vaale rakshason key ack samooh key apaharan, yaatana aur "gayab" mein 601 khufiya batalian key argentine agents key saath sahyog karane key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa. brazil ney baad mein (juuna 1976) samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye, lekin lattin america key baahar karyon mein shamil honey seey incar curr diyaa.
mexico, costa rica, kanada, france, united kingdam, spen aur sweeden key saath, kaee logon koo aatankvaadi shasson seey sharanarthiyon key roop mein bhaagne key liye praapt kiya. operation kandor key teesare charan mein france, purtagaal, sanyukt raajya america, itali aur maxico jaise anya deshon mein sainya tanashahi key virodhiyon kii hatyaa karane aur unake khilaf anya upaay karane kii yojana shamil thee. inn yojanaon koo sanyukt raajya america mein orlando latellier aur ronni carpen moffit kii hatyaa jaise mamalon mein anjam diyaa gayaa thaa. spen, britten, france aur sanyukt raajya america key nagrikon sahit anirdhaarit sankhya mein videshiyon koo bhee giraftar kiya gayaa aur prataadit kiya gayaa. operation kondor aadhikarik taur parr taba samaapt hoe gayaa jaba argentine ney 1983 mein sainya tanashahi koo bedkhal curr diyaa (fockland yuddh mein apani haar key baad) aur loktantra koo bahaal kiya.
ullekhaniya mamle aur abhiyojan.
argentine.
operation kondor key tahat sainya junta dwara 1976 seey 1983 taka argentine kii nagrik-sainya tanashahi maujood thee. argentine paksh ney "desperacidos" key kaee mamalon mein chilly key dinaa key saath sahyog kiya. unhone chilly key general carlos prots, poorv uruguai saansad zelmar michelini aur hector guteerez ruiz key saath-saath bolivia key poorv rashtrapati juan jose torres kii hatyaa curr dee. paksh ney bolivia mein bolivian general luis garsia meja tejada key "kokeen takhtapalat" mein bhee sahaayata kii, jisamen italvi gladio operative stephano delle chiyaa aur naazi yuddh aparaadhi closs barby (operation charley bhee dekhein) kii madad lii gaee. haal hii mein, gopaniya abhilekhagar key khulane key baad seey, yeh pataa chalaa haye kii italvi montonero key samoohon key daman key liye esma mein upayog kii jaane vaali italvi logon seey bunny operative ikaaiyaan theen. chhaaya samooh" naamak iss ikai kaa netritva itailiyan adhikaari key agale rahane key samay gatano saaya ney kiya thaa-operation gladio. aprail 1977 mein, "madar day laa plaza dee meyo", maataon kaa ack samooh jinake bachche gayab hoe gaye they, ney pratyek guruwar koo plaza parr "kaasa rosada" key saamane pradarshan karna shuru curr diyaa. way apane bachchon key sthaan aur bhaagya koo jaanane kii koshish curr rahey they. disambar 1977 mein dou francisi nanon aur plaza dee meyo kii maataon key kaee sansthapakon key gayab honey ney antarrashtriya dhyaan aakarshit kiya. adhikaariyon ney baad mein disambar 1977 mein buenos air key dakshin mein samudra taton parr beh gaye shavon mein seey unake avasheshon kii pehchaan kii, joe mrityu udaanon key peedit they. plaza dee meyo kii maataon key anya sadasyon ney aaney vaale dashakon mein nyaay key liye sangharsh jaari rakhaa.
1983 mein argentine mein loktantra bahaal honey key baad, sarkaar ney lekhak ernesto sabato key netritva mein jabaran gayab honey key liye rashtriya aayog (conadep) kii sthaapana kii. isane shasson key peediton aur gyaat durvyavaharon key baare mein saikadon gavaahon seey gawahi ekatra kii, saikadon gupt jailon aur hirasat kendron kaa dastavejikaran kiya, aur yaatana aur mrityu daston key netaaon kii pehchaan kii. dou saal baad, "juicio aeye laas juntas" (juntas kaa mukadama) kaafee hudd taka vibhinn "juntas" key sheersh adhikaariyon key apraadhon koo saabit karane mein safal rhaa, jisane swa-shally vaali rashtriya punargathan prakriya kaa gathan kiya thaa. mukadame mein rakhe gaye adhikansh sheersh adhikaariyon koo doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee, jisamen george rafale vidella, emilio aduardo masera, roberto aduardo viola, armando lambruciany, raul augosty, ruben graphigna, leopoldo gally, george anaaya aur basilio laami dojo shamil hain.
inn parikshanon key baad senaa key dabaav mein, raul alphonsin kii sarkaar ney manvadhikaron key hanan mein shamil sainya adhikaariyon kii raksha karane key liye dou maafi kaanoon paarit kieh 1986 "lii dee panto final" ("bund karane kaa kaanoon") aur 1987 "lii dee obidience debida" ("uchit aagyakarita kaa kaanoon"), joe gandey yuddh key dauran kiye gaye apraadhon key abhiyojan koo samaapt kartaa haye. 1989-1990 mein, rashtrapati carlos menem ney "junta" key netaaon koo kshama curr diyaa, joe sajaa kaat rahey they, unhone kahaa kii yeh upchaar aur sulah kaa prayaas thaa.
1990 key dashak key anta mein, argentine mein americi nagrikon parr hamalon aur argentine kii senaa key cia vittaposhan key baare mein khulaase key kaaran, aur 1990 key spasht congress pratibandh key baad, yuu.aiss. rashtrapati bill clinton ney yuu seey sambandhit hajaaron raajya vibhaag key dastavejon koo saarvajanik karane kaa adesh diyaa.aiss.-argentine kii gatividhiyaan 1954 taka vaapas jaa rahee hain. inn dastavejon seey pataa chalaa kii yuu.aiss. gandi ladaai aur operation kandor mein sanliptata.
plaza dee meyo aur anya manvadhikar samoohon kii maataon dwara nirantar virodh key baad, 2003 mein argentine congress ney rashtrapati nester kirchner aur donon sadanon key poorna samarthan parr sattaaroodh bahumat parr bharosa karate hue, maafi kaanoonon koo nirast curr diyaa. alag sameeksha key tahat argentine kii sarvocch adalat ney juuna 2005 mein unhein asamvaidhaanik ghoshit curr diyaa. adalat key faisale ney sarkaar koo gandey yuddh key dauran kiye gaye apraadhon key abhiyojan koo navinikrit karane mein saksham banaaya.
2004 mein manavata key khilaf apraadhon key liye argentine mein mukadama chalaane vaale deana sivil agent enrique aranasibia clavell koo general prots kii hatyaa mein apani bhoomika key liye aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. yeh daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii sandigdh italvi aatankvaadi stephano delle chiyaa bhee hatyaa mein shamil thaa. unhone aur saathi charampanthi vincenzo vinsigura ney disambar 1995 mein sanghiya nyayadhish maria sarvini dee cubria key saamane rome mein gawahi dee kii dinaa agent clevel aur michael townley iss hatyaa mein seedhe shamil they. 2003 mein, nyayadhish sarvini dee cubria ney anurodh kiya kii mariana kailjas (michael townley kii patni) aur chilly kii senaa key ack sevaanivritt curnell christophe viliki koo pratyarpit kiya jaae, kyonki una parr hatyaa mein shamil honey kaa bhee aarop thaa. chilly kii appeal adalat key nyayadhish nibaldo segura ney julaai 2005 mein iss aadhar parr pratyarpan seey incar curr diyaa kii una parr pahale hii chilly mein mukadama chalaaya jaa chuka thaa.
5 march 2013 koo, argentine aur urugue key panchish poorv uchch padasth sainya adhikaariyon parr 1970 aur 1980 key dashak key dauran 171 raajneetik virodhiyon kaa apaharan, gayab, yaatana aur hatyaa karane kii sajish key aarop mein buenos air mein mukadama chalaaya gayaa. prativaadiyon mein poorv argentine key "rashtrapati" george vidella aur reinaldo bignon hain, joe "ell processo" kii avadhi seey hain."abhiyojak apane mamle koo aanshik roop seey yuu parr adharit curr rahey hain.aiss. 1990 key dashak mein aur baad mein saarvajanik kiye gaye dastaavez, aur gair-sarkari sangathan, rashtriya suraksha abhilekhagar, washington, dee. see. mein george washington vishvavidyalaya mein sthit, dwara praapt kiye gaye.
27 maee 2016 koo pandrah poorv sainya adhikaariyon koo doshi paaya gayaa. renaldo bignon koo 20 saal kii jail kii sajaa millie. shesh 16 prativaadiyon mein seey chaudah koo aathh seey 25 saal kaa samay milaa. donon koo doshi naheen paaya gayaa. peediton key parivaaron kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale ack vakeel, luj pamas zaldua kaa kahana haye kii "yeh faisala mahatvapurna haye kyonki yeh pahali baar haye jaba operation kandor kaa astitva adalat mein saabit huaa haye. yeh pahali baar haye jaba kondor key poorv sadasyon koo iss aaparaadhik sangathan kaa hissa banane key liye sajaa sunai gaee haye."
brazil.
rashtrapati fernando heinrich cardoso ney 2000 mein operation kondor seey sambandhit kuchh sainya faailon koo jaari karane kaa adesh diyaa.
aise dastavej hain joe saabit karate hain kii, usa varsh ack italvi magistrate, attorney general giancarlo capaldo ney lattin america mein italvi nagrikon key "gayab honey" kii jaanch kii, sambhavatah argentine, paraguan, chilly aur brazil key sainya karmiyon kii kaarrvaaiyon key kaaran jinhone lattin america mein sainya tanashahi key dauran italvi nagrikon koo prataadit kiya aur unaki hatyaa curr dee. hatyaa, apaharan aur yaatana key aaropi braziliyon key mamle mein, operation mein shamil anya deshon key kaee uchch padasth sainya karmiyon key alawa gyaarah braziliyon key naamon key saath ack soochi thee.
magistrate key shabdon mein, 26 octuber, 2000 koo ", (...) main naa tou pushti curr sakata huun aur naa hii incar curr sakata huun kyonki disambar taka argentine, brazil, paraguan aur chilly kii senaayen [sainya karmi] aaparaadhik mukadame key adheen hongi..."
italvi sarkaar key ack aadhikarik bayaan key anusaar, yeh spasht naheen thaa kii sarkaar aaropi sainya adhikaariyon parr mukadama chalaayegi yaa naheen, brazil mein kissy koo bhee 21 varshon kii sainya tanashahi key tahat kiye gaye karyon key liye manvadhikaron key ullanghan kaa doshi naheen thaharaaya gayaa thaa kyonki maafi kaanoon ney sarkari adhikaariyon aur vampanthi gurilla donon koo unake apraadhon parr surakshit curr liya haye.
uruguai logon kaa apaharan.
kondor operation ney navambar 1978 mein urugve seey brazil taka apane gupt daman kaa vistaar kiya, ack ghatana mein jise baad mein "oh sequestro doses uruguios" yaa "uruguaaiyon key apaharan" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye."brazil key sainya shasson kii sahamati seey, urugve kii senaa key varishth adhikaari gupt roop seey seema paar curr gaye aur riyo grande dou sul raajya kii rajdhani porto allegre mein pravesh kiya. vahaan unhone raajneetik vipaksh key ack karyakarta uruguyan jode, universindo rodrigues aur lillion celeberty, key saath unake dou bachchon, camillo aur frankesa, paanch aur teen saal key bachchon kaa apaharan curr liya.
avaidh operation whiffle hoe gayaa kyonki dou brazilian patrakaar, reporter luiz claudio kunha aur photographer joao baptista scalco koo "veja" patrika seey ack anaam phone coll dwara chetavani dee gaee thee kii urugve dampati "gayab" hoe gaye they."jaankaari kii jaanch karane key liye, donon patrakaar diye gaye patey parr gaeh porto allegre mein ack apartment. jaba way pahunche, tou patrakaron koo pahale sashastr logon dwara anya raajneetik vipakshi sadasya key roop mein liya gayaa, jinhone brahmachaari koo giraftar kiya thaa, aur unhein badale mein giraftar curr liya gayaa. universindo rodrigues aur bachchon koo pahale seey hii gupt roop seey urugve leey jaaya gayaa thaa.
jaba unaki pehchaan spasht kii gaee, tou patrakaron ney apani upasthiti seey gupt abhiyaan kaa pardafash curr diyaa thaa. ise nilambit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. maanaa jaataa haye kii operation key ujagar honey seey dampati aur unake dou chhote bachchon kii hatyaa koo rokaa gayaa thaa, kyonki brazil mein urugve key nagrikon key raajneetik apaharan kii khabar brazil key press mein surkhiyan bunny thee. yeh ack antarrashtriya ghotala bunn gayaa. brazil aur urugve donon kii sainya sarkaaren sharminda theen. kuchh dinon baad, adhikaariyon ney celebertis key bachchon koo montevideo mein unake naana-naani key paas leey jaane kii vyavastha kii. rodrigues aur celeberty koo brazil mein kaid karane aur prataadit karane key baad, unhein urugue mein sainya jailon mein leey jaaya gayaa, aur agale paanch varshon key liye hirasat mein liya gayaa. jaba 1984 mein urugve mein loktantra bahaal huaa, tou dampati koo riha curr diyaa gayaa. unhone apane apaharan key sabhi prakaashit vivaranon kii pushti kii.
1980 mein, brazil kii adalaton ney porto allegre mein lillion key apartment mein patrakaron koo giraftar karane key liye dops (raajneetik aur samajik vyavastha vibhaag, sainya shasson key dauran raajneetik daman key prabhaari ack aadhikarik pulis shakha) key dou nireekshakon koo doshi thaharaaya. way joao augusto daa rossa aur orandir portasi lucas they. samvaaddaataon aur uruguai logon ney unaki pehchaan apaharan mein bhaag lene key roop mein kii thee. iss ghatana ney kondor operation mein brazil kii sarkaar kii pratyaksh bhagidari kii pushti kii. 1991 mein, governor pedro saiman ney aadhikarik taur parr urugve key logon key apaharan koo maanyata dene key liye riyo grande dou sul raajya kii vyavastha kii aur unhein vittiya muaavaja diyaa. urugue mein rashtrapati luis alberto laakale kii loktaantrik sarkaar ack saal baad bhee aisaa karane key liye prerit hui thee.
apaharan key samay pulis adhikaari pedro sealig, dope key pramukh, kii pehchaan uruguai dampati dwara porto allegre mein operation key prabhaari vyakti key roop mein kii gaee thee. jabaki sealig brazil mein mukadama chalaa, universindo aur lillion urugve mein jail mein rahey aur unhein gawahi dene seey roque diyaa gayaa. brazil key puliskarmi koo sabooton key abhaav mein burry curr diyaa gayaa thaa. lillion aur universindo kii baad kii gawahi seey pataa chalaa kii gupt uruguayan counter-information division key chaar adhikaariyon;-dou mejar aur dou kaptan;-ney brazil key adhikaariyon kii sahamati seey operation mein bhaag liya. kaptan glauco yanon, porto allegre mein dops mukhyalaya mein universindo rodriques koo prataadit karane key liye vyaktigat roop seey jimmedaar thaa. haalaanki universindo aur lillion ney una uruguayan sainya purushon kii pehchaan kii jinhone unhein giraftar kiya thaa aur prataadit kiya thaa, lekin montevideo mein kissy parr mukadama naheen chalaaya gayaa thaa. 1986 mein paarit pratiraksha kaanoon ney una urugve key nagrikon koo maafi pradaan kii, jinhone tanashahi key tahat raajneetik daman aur manvadhikaron key hanan key kritya kiye they.
1979 kaa esso puraskar, jise brazil key press kaa sabse mahatvapurna puraskar maanaa jaataa haye, kunha aur scalco koo mamle kii khoji patrakaarita key liye pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. hyugo core, ack poorv uruguai raajneetik kaidi, vaha thaa jisane chetavani mein kunha koo bulaaya thaa. 1993 mein, unhone brazil key press seey kahaah
videshon mein apahrit sabhi urugvevasi, lagbhag 180 loga, aaj taka laapata hain. kewal vahee loga joe jeevit rahane mein kamyab rahey way hain lillion, usake bachche aur universindo.
joao gaulart kii kathit hatyaa.
apadasth honey key baad, joao gaulart nirvaasan mein marane vaale pahale brazil key rashtrapati they. 6 disambar 1976 koo mercedez, argentine mein unaki neend mein kathit dill kaa daura padane seey unaki mrityu hoe gaee. kyonki shav pareekshan kabhi naheen kiya gayaa thaa, unaki mrityu kaa sahee kaaran agyaat haye.
26 aprail 2000 koo, riyo dee janeiro key poorv governor aur gaulart key behnoi, riyo grande doo sul leonel brizzola ney aarop lagaaya kii poorv rashtrapatiyon gaulart aur jucelino kubitshek (joe ack kaar durghatana mein maare gaye) kii operation kondor key hisse key roop mein hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. unhone unaki mauton kii jaanch shuru karane key liye kahaa.
27 janwari 2008 koo, samachar patra "fola dee aiss.paulo ney urugue kii tanashahi key tahat ack poorv khufiya seva sadasya mario neera barrero key bayaan key saath ack kahani chhaapi. barero ney kahaa kii gaulart koo jahar diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase brizzola key aaropon kii pushti hui. barrero ney yeh bhee kahaa kii gaulart kii hatyaa kaa adesh sergio paranhaus fleery seey aaya thaa, joe deparamento dee ordam politica ee soshal (raajneetik aur samajik vyavastha vibhaag) key pramukh they aur maarne kaa licenses rashtrapati ernesto geisel seey aaya thaa. julaai 2008 mein, gaulart key grih raajya riyo grande doo sul kii vidhaan sabhaa key ack vishesh aayog ney nishkarsh nikala kii "gazel sarkaar key gyaan key saath, jango [gaulart] kii jaanboojhkar hatyaa kiye jaane kaa saboot majboot haye."
march 2009 mein, patrika "cartasopital" ney ack gupt agent dwara banaai gaee rashtriya soochana seva key pahale aprakaashit dastavejon koo prakaashit kiya, joe urugue mein gaulart kii sampattiyon mein maujood thaa. yeh rahasyodghatan iss siddhant koo majboot kartaa haye kii poorv rashtrapati koo jahar diyaa gayaa thaa. gaulart parivaar ney abhee taka yeh pehchaan naheen kii haye kii kaun "bee agent" hoe sakata haye, jaisa kii usey dastavejon mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye. agent ney gaulart key karibi dost key roop mein kaam kiya, aur dou karmchaariyon key beach ladaai key kaaran poorv rashtrapati key 56vein janmadin kii party key dauran apane bete key saath ack bahas kaa vistaar seey varnan kiya. kahani key parinamswarup, chamber off deputies key manvadhikar aayog ney gaulart kii maut kii jaanch karane kaa faisala kiya.
baad mein, "cartacapital" ney gaulart kii vidhwa, maria terresa fontella gaulart key saath ack sakshatkar prakaashit kiya, jisamen urugve sarkaar key dastavejon kaa khulasa kiya gayaa jisamen usaki shikayaton kaa vivaran diyaa gayaa kii usake parivaar kii nigrani kii gaee thee. uruguai sarkaar gaulart kii yatra, unake vyavasaay aur unaki raajneetik gatividhiyon kii nigrani curr rahee thee. yeye faailen 1965 kii theen, brazil mein takhtapalat key ack saal baad, aur sujhaav dete hain kii una parr jaanboojhkar hamla kiya jaa sakata thaa. nyaay aur manvadhikaron key liye andolan aur rashtrapati joao gaulart sansthaan ney urugve key aantarik mantralaya kaa ullekh karate hue ack dastaavez kaa anurodh kiya haye jisamen kahaa gayaa haye kii "gambhir aur jimmedaar brazilian sroton" ney brazil key poorv rashtrapati key khilaf ack "kathit sajish" key baare mein baat kii haye."
chilly.
jaba augusto pinochet koo 1998 mein spen key magistrate baltasar garzon key spen pratyarpan key anurodh key jawab mein landan mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa, tou kondor seey sambandhit atirikt jaankaari kaa khulasa huaa thaa. unake pratyarpan kii maang karane vaale vakeelon mein seey ack ney kahaa kii chilly kii samajwadi party key netaa carlos altamirano kii hatyaa kaa prayaas kiya gayaa thaa. unhone kahaa kii pinochet ney 1975 mein madrid mein francisco franco key antim sanskar key dauran italvi nava-fasiwadi aatankvaadi stephano delle chiyai seey mulakat kii aur ultamirano kii hatyaa kii vyavastha kii. yojana whiffle hoe gaee. chilly key nyayadhish juan guzman tapia ney antatah "sthaayi apaharan" key aparaadh key sambandh mein ack misal sthaapit keeh choonki apahrit aur sambhavatah hatyaa kiye gaye peediton key shav naheen paae jaa sakey, isaliye unhone maanaa kii apaharan jaari rahane key baare mein socha gayaa thaa, naa kii itna lamba samay pahale huaa thaa kii apraadhiyon koo 1978 mein aadeshit maafi yaa seemaon key chilly kaanoon dwara sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa. navambar 2015 mein, chilly sarkaar ney sweekaar kiya kii pinochet key shasson key sadasyon dwara pablo neruda kii hatyaa kii gaee hogi.
general carlos prots.
general carlos prots aur unaki patni, sofiya coothbert, 30 sitambar 1974 koo buenos aayars mein ack kaar bumm visfot mein maare gaye they, jahan way nirvaasan mein rahate they. chilly key deenaa koo jimmedaar thaharaaya gayaa haye. chilly mein, nyayadhish alegendro solis ney janwari 2005 mein pinochet key abhiyojan koo samaapt curr diyaa, jaba chilly kii sarvocch adalat ney pinochet kii abhiyojan (raajya key pramukh key roop mein) seey pratiraksha koo radd karane kii unaki maang koo khariz curr diyaa. dinaa key netaaon, jinamen cheef manual contreras, operation key poorv pramukh aur sevaanivritt general raul ituriaga neuman, unake bhaai roser ituriaga aur poorv brigadiers pedro aspinoza bravo aur jose zaaraa shamil they, parr chilly mein iss hatyaa kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. hatyaa key liye argentine mein dinaa agent enrique aranasibia clavell koo doshi thaharaaya gayaa haye.
bernardo leiton.
6 octuber koo ack asafal hatyaa key prayaas seey bernardo leiton aur unaki patni gambhir roop seey ghayal hoe gaye they. 1975, itali mein nirvaasan mein basane key baad. pistaul key hamale mein bernardo leiton gambhir roop seey ghayal hoe gaye aur unaki patni, aneeta freno sthaayi roop seey aksham hoe gaee. rashtriya suraksha abhilekhagar mein avargeekrit dastavejon aur italvi attorney general jiyovanni salvi key anusaar, jinhone poorv dinaa pramukh manual contreras key abhiyojan kaa netritva kiya, stephano delle chiyaa ney 1975 mein madrid mein michael townley aur virgilio paaz romero seey mulakat kii taaki francisco franco kii gupt pulis kii madad seey bernardo leiton kii hatyaa kii yojana banaai jaa sakey. 1999 mein, rashtriya suraksha parishad (aine. aiss. see.) key sachiv, glin tii. daves ney ghoshana kii kii avargeekrit dastavejon ney bernardo leiton kii hatyaa key saath-saath orlando latellier aur general carlos prots kii hatyaa koo anjam dene mein pinochet sarkaar kii jimmedaari sthaapit kii. 6 octuber 1975 koo hatyaa kaa asafal prayaas.
orlando letlier.
disambar 2004 mein, orlando letlier key bete, francisco letlier ney "loss angils times" mein ack collum mein likhaa kii unake pitaa kii hatyaa operation kondor kaa hissa thee, jise unhone "usa yug key chhah dakshin americi tanashahon dwara asantushton koo khatm karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale ack khufiya-sajhakaran network key roop mein varnit kiya."
michael townley ney pinochet parr latellier kii maut key liye jimmedaar honey kaa aarop lagaaya haye. townley ney sweekaar kiya kii usane booby-trap latellier kii kaar key liye paanch castro-cube virodhi nirvaasiton koo kaam parr rakhaa thaa. jeane-guya allard key anusaar, aatankvaadi sangathan koru key netritva key saath paramarsh key baad, jisamen luis posada carylls aur orlando bosch shamil they, hatyaa koo anjam dene key liye chune gaye loga cuban-americi jose dionysio suarez, virgilio paaz romero, alwyn rose diaz aur brothers gillermo aur ignacio novo sampole they. miyami herauld" key anusaar, luis posada carylls iss baithak mein they, jisamen latellier kii maut aur cuba kii udaan 455 bambari parr bhee nirnay liya gayaa thaa.
keson quamados.
julaai 1986 mein, photographer rodrigo rojas denegri koo jinda jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa aur pinochet key khilaf ack sadak virodh pradarshan key dauran carmen gloria quintana koo gambhir roop seey jalaaya gayaa thaa. donon key mamle koo "caso quemados" ("jaley hue mamle") key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa aur sanyukt raajya america mein iss mamle parr dhyaan diyaa gayaa kyonki 1973 key takhtapalat key baad roja america bhaag gaye they. sanyukt raajya raajya key raajya vibhaag dwara ack dastaavez mein iss baat parr prakaash daala gayaa haye kii chilly kii senaa ney jaanboojhkar roja aur kwintana donon mein aag lagaa dee thee. doosari or, pinochet ney roja aur kwintana donon parr aatankvaadi honey kaa aarop lagaaya, jinhen unake apane molotov cocktail dwara aag lagaa dee gaee thee. rashtriya suraksha sangrah vishleshak peater cornblueh key anusaar, rojaon key hamale aur maut key liye pinochet kii pratikriya ney "shasson key liye samarthan vaapas lene aur nagrik shasson mein vaapsee key liye dabaav banaane key reegan key faisale mein yogdan diyaa."
operation maun.
operation silencio (operation silence) desh seey gavaahon koo hataakar chilly key nyayadhishon dwara jaanch mein baadha daalane key liye ack chilly abhiyaan thaa. yeh paraguay mein "aatanki abhilekhagar" paae jaane seey lagbhag ack saal pahale shuru huaa thaa.
aprail 1991 mein, 1989 mein meer netaa jacker negheme kii hatyaa seey judey arturo sanhueza rose ney desh chhod diyaa. ratig report" key anusaar, jacker negheme kii maut koo chilly key khufiya agents dwara anjam diyaa gayaa thaa. sitambar 1991 mein, carlos herera gymenase, jisane vyaapaar-sanghwadi tukapel gymenase koo maar daala, vimaan seey ravaana huaa. octuber 1991 mein, ack rasaayanagya eugenio berisos, jinhone dina agent michael townley key saath kaam kiya thaa, koo operation kandor agents dwara chilly seey urugue leey jaaya gayaa taaki letlier mamle mein gawahi dene seey bachaa jaa sakey. unhone argentine, uruguyan, paraguan aur brazilian passport kaa upayog kiya, jisase yeh chinta badh gaee kii operation kondor mrit naheen thaa. beris 1995 mein montevideo (urugue) key paas ell pinar mein mrit paaya gayaa thaa. usake shareer koo itna vikrit curr diyaa gayaa thaa kii dikhane seey usaki pehchaan karna asambhav hoe gayaa thaa.
janwari 2005 mein, michael townley, joe abb yuu mein rahata haye.aiss. gawah sanrakshan karyakram key tahat, chilly, deenaa aur hirasat aur yaatana kendra upanivesh garima key beach sambandhon koo sweekaar kiya gayaa. kendra kii sthaapana 1961 mein paul schafer dwara kii gaee thee, jinhen march 2005 mein buenos air mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa aur baal balatkar key aarop mein doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa. townley ney upanivesh garima aur senaa kii jeevanvik yuddh prayogshala key baare mein interpole koo soochit kiya. iss antim prayogshala ney naranja dee low kuro street key madhyam seey purani deenaa prayogshala koo badal diyaa hoga, jahan townley ney rasayanik hatyare eugenio berisos key saath kaam kiya thaa. mamle kii jaanch curr rahey nyayadhish key anusaar, kathit roop seey isai-loktantra aduardo free montalva koo maarne vaalaa vish colonia garima mein iss naee prayogshala mein banaaya gayaa hoga. 2013 mein, ack brazilian-uruguayan-argantinian sahayogi vrittachitra, "dossy jango", ney brazil key apadasth rashtrapati joao gaulart key kathit jahar mein usee prayogshala koo fansaaya.
yuu.aiss. congress sadasya edward coach.
farwari 2004 mein, reporter johnn dinges ney "dha condor earsah kaise pinochet aur unake sahyogiyon ney teen mahadweepon mein aatankvaad laaya" prakaashit kiya. unhone khulasa kiya kii urugve key sainya adhikaariyon ney aapako maarne kii dhamki dee thee.aiss. 1976 key madhya mein congress sadasya edward coach (baad mein newyork shahar key mahapour). julaai 1976 key anta mein, montevideo mein see. aaee. aeye. station pramukh koo isake baare mein jaankaari millie thee. yeh jaanane key aadhar parr kii purush usa samay sharaab pee rahey they, unhone sifarish kii kii cia koee kaarravaai naa karey. urugve key adhikaariyon mein curnell jose fons shamil they, joe navambar 1975 mein chilly key santiago mein gupt baithak mein they; aur mejar jose nino gavaazo, jinhone 1976 mein argentine mein kaam karane vaale khufiya adhikaariyon kii ack team kaa netritva kiya aur 100 seey adhik urugve key logon kii maut key liye jimmedaar they.
21veen sadee kii shuruat mein dinges dwara sakshatkar mein, coach ney kahaa kii george aich. doubleu. busch, joe taba see. aaee. aeye. key nideshak they, ney unhein octuber 1976 mein soochit kiya kii "yuu. koo kaatane key liye kaanoon key unake prayojan.aiss. manvadhikaron key aadhar parr urugue koo sainya sahaayata ney gupt pulis adhikaariyon koo 'aapke liye ack anubandh karane' key liye uksaayaa thaa."octuber 1976 key madhya mein, coach ney nyaay vibhaag koo aff. bee. aaee. suraksha key liye likhaa, lekin koee bhee pradaan naheen kiya gayaa. (yeh baithak key dou maheene seey adhik samay baad aur washington mein orlando latellier kii hatyaa key baad huaa thaa.) 1976 key anta mein, curnell fons aur pramukh gavaazo koo washington, dee mein pramukh rajanyik padon parr niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.see. raajya vibhaag ney urugve sarkaar koo apani niyuktiyon koo vaapas lene key liye majboor kiya, saarvajanik spashteekaran key saath kii "fons aur gavaazo apriya prachaar kii vastu hoe sakati hain."coach koo kewal 2001 mein khatron aur niyuktiyon key beach sambandhon key baare mein pataa chalaa.
paraguay.
sanyukt raajya america ney alfredo strosner kii saamyvaad virodhi sainya tanashahi kaa samarthan kiya aur strosner key paraguay key gharelu mamalon mein "mahatvapurna sahayak bhoomika" nibhai. udaaharan key liye, jaba strosner ney gupt pulis kii ack vishesh shakha sthaapit kii, joe aantarik mamalon key mantralaya key adheenasth thee-takniki mamalon kaa rashtriya nideshalaya (diarsian national dee assentos technicos, dee. aine. aeye. tii.), yuu.aiss. senaa adhikaari leftinent curnell robbert thiri koo sangathan sthaapit karane aur bharti karane mein madad karane key liye bheja gayaa thaa, antatah iss sangathan key pramukh (upnaam "laa technica") key roop mein antonio campos elam parr basane key liye joe paraguay mein gayab honey aur yaatana koo anjam dega. ack anya shakha, metropolitan pulis key jaanch vibhaag (dips), paadari coronal key netritva mein, maanav ulti aur mull key tub mein unake bandiyon seey poochtaachh kii aur unhein bijli key maveshiyon key prode seey malashay mein chaunka diyaa. unhone communist party key sachiv, miguel engel solar koo ack chensau key saath jeevit vikhandit curr diyaa, jabaki strosner phone parr suna rhaa thaa. strosner ney dard mein chillaate hue bandiyon key tepon koo unake parivaar key sadasyon key saamane rakhane kii maang kii.
kissinger koo dee gaee ack report mein, hairi schloudeman ney paraguay key sainya raajya koo "unnisvin shatabdi key sainya shasson key roop mein varnit kiya joe cartoon prishth parr achchha dikhta haye."schloudeman key nirnayon ney pitritva kaa ack swar apanaaya, lekin yeh dhyaan mein rakhate hue kii paraguay kii" "pichhadepan" "ise apane padosiyon key bhaagya kii or leey jaa rahee thee, sahee thaa. halanki sanyukt raajya america sangharsh koo vaishvik aur vaichaarik drishtikon seey dekhta haye, kaee upaniveshvaad mukt rashtron ney padosi rashtron aur lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey jaatiya yaa kshetriya jhagadon key sandarbh mein rashtriya suraksha khatron koo paribhaashit kiya. schloudeman ney usa avishvasaniya lachilaapan koo nott kiya joe paraguay ney chaako yuddh key dauran apane padosiyon kii behtar sainya shakti key khilaf dikhaaya thaa. paraguay mein sarkaar key drishtikon seey, kaee dashakon key dauran apane padosiyon key khilaf jeet ney rashtra mein vikas kii kamee koo uchit thaharaaya. report mein aage kahaa gayaa haye kii paragve mein raajneetik paramparaaen loktaantrik key alawa kuchh bhee theen. iss vaastaviktaa key saath-saath padosi deshon mein vampanthi asahamati key darr ney sarkaar koo apane aarthik aur raajneetik sansthanon key vikas key bajaay raajneetik virodh koo rokane parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye prerit kiya. apane padosiyon key vaichaarik bhaya ney unhein apani samprabhuta kii raksha karane key liye majboor curr diyaa. isaliye, desh key bheetar aur usake binaa kattarpanthi, vampanthi andolanon key khilaf ladaai ney kaee neeti nirmaataon koo suraksha key hita mein kaary karane key liye prerit kiya. 2020 mein, francisi lekhak pablo daniel maggy ney costa gavras dwara prastut pustak "operation kandor" prakaashit kii. yeh pustak kondor operation martin almada key paraguan peedit key jeevan kaa anusaran karati haye.
peru.
peruvian vidhaayak javier diaz canseco ney ghoshana kii kii vaha aur unake apane baarah hamvatan (justiniano apaja ordnez, hyugo blanco, geno ledesma izquita, valentin paacho, ricardo lates, seasure levano, ricardo napuri, jose luis alvarado bravo, alphonso bella tuesta, gillermo faura gagg, jose arse larco, aur humberto demonte), francisco morales bermoses kii tanashahi key sabhi virodhiyon koo peru mein apaharan curr liya gayaa thaa, 1978 mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur juju shahar mein argentine sashastr balon koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa. canseco ney kahaa kii wikileaks dwara prasaarit see. aaee. aeye. aur cable jaankaari kaa avargeekrit dastavej haye, joe operation kondor key saath morails bermudez sarkaar key link key liye jimmedaar haye.
urugue.
1970 key dashak key dakshini shanku tanashahon key saath hamesha kii tarah, juan maria bordaberry ney khud koo tanashah ghoshit curr diyaa aur baaki raajneetik dalon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. vaastavik" sarkaar 1973 seey 1985 taka faili hui thee, jisamen vidhvans key khilaf kathit bachaav mein kaafee sankhya mein logon kii hatyaa, yaatana, avaidh roop seey hirasat mein liya gayaa aur kaid curr liya gayaa, apaharan curr liya gayaa aur jabaran laapata curr diyaa gayaa. 1973 key takhtapalat seey pahale, see. aaee. aeye. ney desh mein kaanoon pravartan agencies key salaahkaar key roop mein kaam kiya thaa. iss tarah key sahyog kaa sabse prasiddh udaaharan danne mitrion ney panama mein america key school mein vidroh key khilaf nagrik pulis koo prashikshit kiya thaa, jise 2000 key baad suraksha sahyog key liye paschimi golardh sansthaan key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
mexico.
1960 aur 1970 key dashak mein, mexico koo operation intercept aur operation kandor donon kaa hissa banane key liye raaji kiya gayaa thaa, jise 1975 aur 1978 key beach vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey sinaloa mein "golden triangle" mein afeem aur marizuana kii kheti key khilaf ladane key bahaane key saath.
operation, general jose hernandez tolello kii kamaan mein, ack asafal thaa jisamen koee pramukh drugg lord naheen thaa, haalaanki graameen kshetron mein kaee durvyavahar aur daman kii soochana dee gaee.
mexico kaa apana, naamit "operatian kandor" thaa, joe usee yug key dauran maxican gandey yuddh key saath judaa huaa thaa, jisamen senaa koo kaee graameen logon (samajik kaaryakartaon aur raajneetik virodhiyon sahit) koo "gayab" karane, maarne, balatkar karane aur yaatana dene key liye pralekhit kiya gayaa thaa, joe kathit taur parr vahaan key avaidh nashili davaaon key vyaapaar seey judey they, vishesh roop seey sinaloa raajya mein.
anya mamle.
mirr key chilly netaa adgardo enrequez, argentine mein "gayab" hoe gaye, jaisa kii mirr netaa george fuentes ney kiya thaa. alexei juckard aur ricardo ramirez "gayab" hoe gaye they, aur 1977 mein argentine mein communist party key liye ack samarthan network koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. desh mein german, spanish, peruvian aur yahudi logon key khilaf daman key mamle bhee darj kiye gaye they. 1976 mein bolivia key poorv rashtrapati juan jose torres aur poorv uruguai pratinidhi hector guteerez aur zelmar michelini kii hatyaaen bhee kondor kaa hissa theen. dinaa ney croatian aatankvaadiyon seey sampark kiya (i.ee. ustashe immigrass aur vanshaj), italvi nava-fasiwadi, aur nirvaasan mein asantushton kaa pataa lagaane aur unaki hatyaa karane key liye shaah key kroor.
2006 mein reports key anusaar, argentine mein sheersh adhikaariyon key parikshanon key parinamswarup, operation kondor 1976 mein apane charam parr thaa jaba argentine mein chilly key nirvaasiton koo khatra thaa; kaee bhoomigat hoe gaye yaa anya deshon mein phir seey nirvaasan mein chaley gaye. chilly key general carlos prots kii 1974 mein poorv see. aaee. aeye. agent michael townley kii madad seey buenos air mein dinaa dwara hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. cuba key rajnayikon kii hatyaa "automotores orletti" yaatana kendra mein buenos air mein kii gaee thee, joe tanashahi kii 300 gupt jailon mein seey ack thee. inn kendron kaa prabandhan poorv pulis adhikaari aur khufiya agent annibal gorden key netritva mein "groupo dee tares 18" dwara kiya jaataa thaa, joe pahale sashastr dakaiti key doshi thaharaae gaye they, jinhone seedhe paksh key samanya commandant, otto paladino koo report kiya thaa.
"automotores orletti" operation kondor mein shamil videshi khufiya sevaaon kaa mukhya aadhar thaa. dou maheene taka vahaan hirasat mein rakhe gaye apaharan aur yaatana seey bache jose luis bertazo ney chilly, uruguyan, paraguan aur bolivian nagrikon kii pehchaan kaidiyon key roop mein kii aur jinase unake apane deshon key agents dwara poochtaachh kii gaee. kavi juan jailman kii 19 varsheeya bahuu koo ack montevideo jail mein leey jaane seey pahale apane pati key saath yahaan prataadit kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan unhone ack bachche koo janm diyaa jise turant uruguai sainya adhikaariyon dwara chori curr liya gayaa thaa aur shasson key doston key saath avaidh roop seey god lene key liye rakhaa gayaa thaa. dashakon baad, rashtrapati george battle ney ack jaanch kaa adesh diyaa aur anta mein, macrena jailman koo paaya gayaa aur usaki pehchaan baramad kii gaee.
dinges kii pustak "loss anos dell condor" (kandor key varshon) key anusaar, orletti kendra mein chilly key meer kaidiyon ney jose luis bertazo koo bataaya kii unhone dou cuba rajnayikon, 22 varsheeya jesus sejas arias aur 26 varsheeya cresencio galega koo dekhaa thaa, jinhen gorden key samooh dwara prataadit kiya gayaa thaa. unase poochtaachh karane key liye miyami seey aae ack vyakti ney unase poochtaachh kii. cuba key nagrik argentine mein cuba key rajdoot emilio aragones kii suraksha key liye jimmedaar they. 9 agast 1976 koo 40 sashastr paksh agents dwara calle eribenos aur virre dell pino key koney mein unakaa apaharan curr liya gayaa thaa, jinhone apane forde baazon key saath sadak koo avaruddh curr diyaa thaa. (yeye tanashahi key dauran suraksha balon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale kaar model they.)
dinges key anusaar, aff. bee. aaee. aur see. aaee. aeye. koo unaki giraftari key baare mein soochit kiya gayaa thaa. unhone 22 sitambar 1976 koo aff. bee. aaee. agent robbert sherer dwara buenos air seey bheji gaee ack cable kaa hawala diyaa, jisamen unhone ullekh kiya kii michael townley, jise baad mein washington mein poorv chilly mantri orlando letlier kii hatyaa key liye doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa.see., donon kyubanon kii poochtaachh mein bhaag liya thaa. 22 disambar 1999 koo, dinaa key poorv pramukh ney santigo dee chilly mein argentine key sanghiya nyayadhish maria sarvini dee cubria koo pushti kii kii michael town aur cuban gillermo novo sampole orletti kendra mein maujood they. unhone 11 agast 1976 koo chilly seey argentine kii yatra kii thee aur "donon cuba rajnayikon kii yaatana aur hatyaa mein sahyog kiya thaa."ack castro cuba virodhi aatankvaadi, luis posada carylls ney apani aatmakatha," loss caminas dell guerrero "(yoddha kii sadaken) mein dou yuvaaon kii hatyaa kaa daavaa kiya haye.
yuu.aiss. bhagidari.
sanyukt raajya america key dastavejikaran seey pataa chalata haye kii sanyukt raajya america ney 1980 key dashak mein sanchaalan key liye pramukh sangathanaatmak, vittiya aur takniki sahaayata pradaan kii.
heinry kissinger key liye sanyukt raajya america key raajya vibhaag kii ack briefing mein, tatkalin raajya sachiv, dinank 3 agast 1976 koo hairi schloudeman dwara likhaa gayaa aur "teesara vishva yuddh aur dakshin america" sheershak seey, ack dakshinpanthi gutt key deerghakaalik khatron aur unaki praarambhik neeti sifaarishon parr vichaar kiya gayaa. briefing dakshini shanku suraksha balon kaa saransh thaa. isane kahaa kii yeh abhiyaan lattin america key dakshini shanku (argentine, bolivia, brazil, chilly, paraguay aur urugue) key chhah deshon kaa ack prayaas thaa taaki antarrashtriya gupt khufiya gatividhiyon, apaharan, yaatana, gayab honey aur hatyaa key madhyam seey "vidhvans" koo mitaa curr "teesare vishva yuddh" koo jeetaa jaa sakey. report dakshini shanku key chhah deshon dwara mahsoos kii gaee samanjasya parr vichaar karke shuru hoti haye. yeh schloudman kii briefing kii dhaarana thee kii dakshini shanku key deshon ney khud koo "isai sabhyata kaa antim gadh" maanaa aur iss prakaar way saamyvaad key khilaf prayason koo "philistine key aatankvaadiyon key khilaf israel key karyon" key roop mein uchit maanate hain. schloudeman ney kissinger koo chetavani dee kii lambe samay mein "teesara vishva yuddh" una chhah deshon koo ack aspasht sthiti mein daal dega kyonki way "antarrashtriya markswad aur usake aatankvaadi pratipaadakon" dwara donon taraf funce gaye hain, aur doosari or "markswadi prachaar dwara gumrah audyogik loktantron kii shatruta" dwara."report mein sifarish kii gaee haye kii yuu.aiss. operation kondor kii disha mein neeti koo harr avsar parr paanch deshon key beach matbhedon parr jore denaa chaahiye, manvadhikaron koo raajneetik roop seey samaapt karna chaahiye, "teesare vishva-yuddh" prakaar kii alankaarik atishayoktiyon kaa virodh karna chaahiye, aur sambhaavit block-sadasyon koo vyavasthit adaan-pradaan key madhyam seey hamaare sangyanatmak brahmand mein vaapas laana chaahiye.
1976 key see. aaee. aeye. dastavejon key aadhar parr kahaa gayaa kii 1960 seey 1970 key dashak kii shuruat taka, dakshin america mein raajneetik asantushton seey nipatane key liye americi senaa school mein antarrashtriya suraksha adhikaariyon aur americi senaaon key sammelan key beach yojanaaen vikasit kii gaeen. 23 juuna 1976 key ack avargeekrit see. aaee. aeye. dastaavez mein bataaya gayaa haye kii "1974 kii shuruat mein, argentine, chilly, urugue, paragve aur bolivia key suraksha adhikaari vidhvansak lakshyon key khilaf samanvit kaarravaai taiyar karane key liye buenos air mein mille."humm adhikaari jaanate they kii kyaa hoe rhaa thaa.
isake alawa, sitambar 1976 taka, raksha khufiya agency ney bataaya kii americi khufiya sevaaen buniyaadi dhaanche aur operation kondor key lakshyon seey kaafee avagat theen. unhone mahsoos kiya kii dakshini shanku kshetra mein "vampanthiyon", "communists", peronists yaa marksvadiyon parr khufiya sangrah key liye "operation kondor" code naam diyaa gayaa thaa. khufiya sevaaon koo pataa thaa kii yeh kaee dakshin americi deshon kii khufiya sevaaon (jaise kii argentine, paraguay, urugue aur bolivia) key beach suraksha sahyog thaa, jisamen chilly abhiyaan kaa kendra thaa. dye ney nott kiya kii argentine, urugue aur chilly pahale seey hii vampanthi lakshyon key khilaf, mukhya roop seey argentine mein, utsaahpoorvak sanchaalan curr rahey they. paksh key sadasya uruguai sainya khufiya adhikaariyon key saath bhee uruguai aatankvaadi sangathan, oh. pee. aar.-33 key khilaf kiye gaye ack abhiyaan mein kaam curr rahey they. report mein yeh bhee ullekh kiya gayaa kii yuu kii ack badee matra.aiss. sanyukt abhiyaan key dauran mudra jabt kii gaee thee.
report kaa teesara bindu operation kondor key adhik napak sanchaalan kii sanyukt raajya kii samajh koo darshaata haye. report mein kahaa gayaa haye, "sadasya deshon seey vishesh teams kaa gathan joe aatankvaadi yaa aatankvaadi sangathanon key samarthakon key khilaf hatyaon koo shamil karane key liye abhiyaan chalaa rahey hain."report mein iss tathya parr bhee prakaash daala gayaa kii yeye vishesh dall sainya karmiyon key bajaay khufiya seva agent they, haalaanki yeye dall yuu kii yaad dilaane vaali sanrachanaon mein kaam karate they.aiss. vishesh balon kii teemen. kissinger key liye raajya vibhaag kii briefing mein france aur purtagaal mein sambhaavit sanchaalan karane key liye operation kandor kii yojanaon key baare mein jagrukta kaa ullekh kiya gayaa-ack aisaa mamla joe baad mein kandor key itihas mein behad vivadaspad saabit hoga.
americi sarkaar ney dinaa (rashtriya khufiya nideshalaya) key saath-saath anya khufiya sangathanon key saath sahyog kiya aur kondor kaa kendra banaaya. see. aaee. aeye. dastavejon seey pataa chalata haye kii agency kaa chilly kii gupt pulis, dinaa aur usake mukhya manual contreras key sadasyon key saath ghanishth sampark thaa. 1977 taka contreras koo ack bhugtan kiye gaye see. aaee. aeye. sampark key roop mein banaae rakhaa gayaa thaa, bhale hii latellier-moffit hatyaa mein unaki sanliptata kaa khulasa hoe rhaa thaa.
paraguan abhilekhagar mein yuu seey sandigdhon koo track karane key liye aadhikarik anurodh shamil hain.aiss. dutawas, see. aaee. aeye. aur aff. bee. aaee.. cia ney sainya raajyon koo sandigdhon kii soochi aur anya khufiya jaankaari pradaan kii. 1975 mein aff. bee. aaee. ney america mein deenaa dwara vaanchhit vyaktiyon kii khoj kii.
farwari 1976 mein buenos air mein dutawas seey raajya vibhaag taka dursanchar, khufiya jaankaari ney nott kiya kii sanyukt raajya america mein aaney vaale argentine key takhtapalat key baare mein jagrukta thee. rajdoot ney likhaa kii videsh mantralaya key uttari americi desk key pramukh ney khulasa kiya kii unhein "sainya yojana samooh" dwara ack report aur sifaarishen taiyar karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa kii "bhavishya kii sainya sarkaar kaise chilly aur urugve kii sarkaaron key saath manvadhikaron key mudde parr america key saath honey vaali samasyaon seey butch sakati haye yaa unhein cumm curr sakati haye."pramukh ney vishesh roop seey yeh bhee kahaa kii" "way" "(chaahe vaha see. aaee. aeye. yaa argentine mein bhavishya kii sainya sarkaar kaa ullekh curr rahey houn, yaa donon) koo pratirodh kaa saamana karna padegaa yadi way vyaktiyon kii hatyaa aur unhein maarnaa shuru karate hain. yeh sach honey key kaaran, rajdoot bataate hain kii sainya takhtapalat "aatankvaadiyon parr ack poorna yuddh koo aage badhaane kaa irada rakhega aur isaliye kuchh nishpaadan shayed aavashyak honge."yeh sanket detaa haye kii humm bhee manvadhikaron key ullanghan kii yojana key baare mein pahale seey hii jaanate they aur pahale seey hii kshetra kii rajneeti mein ulajhane key bavjood unhein rokane key liye kadam naheen uthaaye. antim tippani isaki pushti karati haih "yeh dhyaan rakhna utsaahjanak haye kii argentine kii senaa samasya seey avagat haye aur pahale seey hii manvadhikaron key muddon koo america-sainya sambandhon mein ack chidchida banane seey bachane key tarikon parr dhyaan kendrit curr rahee haye."
argentine key junta dwara chala rahey manvadhikaron key hanan key sambandh mein, professor rooth blakeley likhate hain kii kissinger ney "spasht roop seey raajneetik virodhiyon key daman key liye apana samarthan vyakt kiya."5 octuber 1976 koo heinry kissinger ney argentine key videsh mantri seey mulakat kii aur kahaah
antatah, demarche kabhi vitarit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. cornblah aur dinges kaa sujhaav haye kii kissinger key adesh koo naheen bhejane kaa nirnay sahayak sachiv hairi schloudeman dwara dee mein apane dipty koo ack cable bhejane key kaaran thaa.see joe kahata haye "aap kewal rajdooton koo aage koee kaarravaai naheen karane kaa nirdesh dey sakate hain, yeh dekhate hue kii kuchh hafton mein kandor yojana koo sakriya karane key iraade kaa sanket dene vaali koee report naheen aaee haye."mcsherry jodata haye", [yuu key anusaar.aiss. paraguay key rajdoot robbert] white, raajya key sachiv key nirdeshon koo taba taka nazarandaj naheen kiya jaa sakata jaba taka kii ack gupt (see. aaee. aeye.) backchannel key madhyam seey praapt ack prati-adesh adesh naa hoe."
patricia aim. 1977 seey 1981 taka manvadhikaron aur maanviya mamalon key raajya key sahayak sachiv darian ney junta key daman koo hurry jhandi dene mein kissinger kii bhoomika key baare mein kahaah "isane mujhe beemar curr diyaa kii apane haath kii shaahi lahar key saath, ack americi logon koo maut kii sajaa dey sakata haye."carter prashaasan key dauran, kissinger ney" "aatankvaad koo samaapt karane" "key liye argentine kii senaa koo badhaai dee, aur 1978 key vishva cup key dauran george vidella key atithi key roop mein desh kaa daura kiya. humm rajnayikon koo darr thaa kii yeh argentine key junta dwara hatyaon koo samaapt karane key liye carter prashaasan key prayason mein baadha daalega.
vargeekaran aur pratibimb.
juuna 1999 mein, rashtrapati bill clinton key adesh seey, raajya vibhaag ney hajaaron avargeekrit dastavej jaari kiye, jisamen pahali baar yeh khulasa kiya gayaa kii cia aur raajya aur raksha vibhaag kondor key baare mein ghanishth roop seey jaanate they. 1 octuber 1976 kii ack dodd khufiya report mein kahaa gayaa haye kii lattin americi sainya adhikaariyon ney apane yuu. key. seey isake baare mein ghamand kiya.aiss. samkaksh. usee report mein kondor key "sanyukt vidroh virodhi abhiyaanon" kaa varnan kiya gayaa thaa jiska uddeshya "markswadi aatankvaadi gatividhiyon koo samaapt karna" thaa; argentine ney nott kiya, ack vishesh kondor team banaai "joe ack yuu kii tarah sanrachit thee.aiss. vishesh balon kii team."2004 mein avargeekrit samagri kaa saransh bataata haye kii
cornblah aur dinges ney nishkarsh nikala kii "kagji nishan spasht haih raajya vibhaag aur cia key paas kandor hatyaa kii yojana koo whiffle karane key liye thhos kadam uthaane key liye paryaapt khufiya jaankaari thee. una kadmon koo shuru kiya gayaa thaa lekin kabhi lagu naheen kiya gayaa."schloudeman key dipty hesson raayan ney baad mein ack maukhik itihas sakshatkar mein sweekaar kiya kii raajya vibhaag mamle koo sambhaalane mein" "chook" "curr rhaa thaa. "humm kaafee pahale seey hii jaanate they kii dakshini shanku deshon kii sarkaaren 1976 kii garmiyon mein videshon mein kuchh hatyaon kii yojana banaa rahee theen, yaa cumm seey cumm baat curr rahee theen... aggar humm ander gaye hotey tou humm ise roque sakate they, mujhe naheen pataa, "unhone latellier-moffit bambari key sandarbh mein kahaa. "lekin hamane naheen kiya."
ack see. aaee. aeye. dastaavez ney kondor koo "ack aatankvaad-rodhi sangathan" key roop mein varnit kiya aur nott kiya kii kondor deshon mein "condortail" naamak ack vishesh dursanchar pranali thee."paraguay mein americi rajdoot, robbert white seey raajya key sachiv cyrus vence koo 1978 kii ack cable, 6 march 2001 koo" "dha newyork times" "dwara prakaashit kii gaee thee. dastaavez navambar 2000 mein clinton prashaasan dwara chilly vargeekaran pariyojana key tahat jaari kiya gayaa thaa. white ney paraguay key sashastr balon key pramukh general alegendro frates davlos key saath baatchit kii soochana dee, jinhone unhein soochit kiya kii dakshin americi khufiya pramukh kondor mein shamil they aur ack yuu key madhyam seey ack dusare key sampark mein they.aiss. panama nahar kshetra mein sanchaar sthaapana joe poore lattin america koo cover karati haye.
davlos ney kathit taur parr kahaa kii sthaapana "dakshini shanku deshon key beach khufiya jaankaari key samanvaya key liye niyojit thee. america koo darr thaa kii kondor seey sambandh saarvajanik roop seey usa samay prakat hoe sakata haye jaba yuu mein hatyaa hui thee.aiss.aeye. chilly key poorv mantri orlando latellier aur unake americi sahayak ronni moffit kii jaanch kii jaa rahee thee. safed taaron vaalaa vaans kii "yeh sunishchit karane key liye kii isaki nirantarta hamaare hita mein haye, iss vyavastha kii sameeksha karna uchit lagega."mcchary ney iss tarah key taaron koo" teji seey bhaari sakshya key ack aur tukade key roop mein varnit kiya haye joe yeh sujhaav detaa haye kii yuu.aiss. sainya aur khufiya adhikaariyon ney ack gupt bhagidar yaa praayojak key roop mein kondor kaa samarthan kiya aur sahyog kiya."isake alawa, ack argentine sainya srot ney ack yuu koo bataaya.aiss. dutawas kaa sampark thaa kii cia koo kondor seey koee lena-denaa naheen thaa aur usane chhah kondor raajyon kii khufiya aur sanchaalan ikaaiyon key beach computerykrit sambandh sthaapit karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai thee.
heinry kissinger kii bhoomika.
nixon aur ford prashaasan mein raajya sachiv heinry kissinger, kondor yojana seey achchi tarah seey avagat they aur dakshini shanku sarkaaron key saath rajanyik roop seey judey hue they, jahan taka kii raajya sachiv key roop mein unake karyakal key samaapan key baad, argentine mein 1978 key vishva cup mein george vidella key vyaktigat atithi honey key liye jaa rahey they. francisi samachar patra 'ell' humanit 'key anusaar, pahale sahyog samjhauton parr see. aaee. aeye. aur castro virodhi samoohon key beach hastakshar kiye gaye they, aur dakshinpanthi death squad triple aeye, jise juan aur isabelle peron key "vyaktigat sachiv" jose lopez rega aur rodolfo almiron (2006 mein spen mein giraftar) dwara argentine mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
31 maee 2001 koo, francisi nyayadhish roser leey loyer ney anurodh kiya kii heinry kissinger koo saman bheja jaae, jaba vaha peris mein hotal ritz mein reh rhaa thaa. lii loyer kathit yuu key sambandh mein ack gawah key roop mein rajneta seey sawal karna chaahte they.aiss. operation kondor mein bhagidari aur sainya shasson key dauran chilly mein paanch francisi nagrikon key "gayab honey" key baare mein sambhaavit jaankaari. kissinger usa shaam peris seey chalaa gayaa, aur loyer kii poochtaachh yuu koo nirdeshit kii gaee.aiss. raajya vibhaag.
julaai 2001 mein, chilly uchch nyayalaya ney jaanchkarta nyayadhish juan guzman koo 1973 mein americi patrakaar charles harmon kii hatyaa key baare mein chumbankarta seey sawal karane kaa adhikaar diyaa. (takhtapalat key baad chilly kii senaa dwara unaki fansi koo 1982 kii costa-gavras film "laapata" mein naatakiya roop diyaa gayaa thaa.) nyayadhish key prashnon koo rajanyik maargon key madhyam seey chumbankarta koo bheja gayaa thaa lekin unakaa uttar naheen diyaa gayaa thaa.
agast 2001 mein, argentine key nyayadhish rodolfo canicoba ney aapsi kanuni sahaayata sandhi (aim. ell. aeye. tii.) key anusaar, americi raajya vibhaag koo ack patra bheja, jisamen nyayadhish kii operation kandor kii jaanch mein sahaayata key liye kissinger dwara bayaan kaa anurodh kiya gayaa thaa.
2002 mein, "dha newyork times" key sampadakon ney heinry kissinger kaa bachaav karate hue tark diyaa kii unhein kandor aur anya gandi kritiyon mein unaki bhoomika key liye ack paas diyaa jaanaa chaahiye kyonki "duniya dhruvikrit thee, aur saamyvaad seey ladane mein kathin vikalp aur gadbad samjhaute shamil they.
16 farwari 2007 koo, ack raajneetik karyakarta bernardo arnon kii or seey urugue kii sarvocch adalat mein chumbankarta key pratyarpan key liye ack anurodh daayar kiya gayaa thaa, jise 1976 mein tanashahi shasson dwara apaharan, yaatana aur gayab curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
2010 mein yeh pataa chalaa kii heinry kissinger ney raajneetik virodhiyon kii antarrashtriya hatyaa key khilaf ack chetavani koo radd curr diyaa thaa joe operation kandor mein bhaag lene vaale kuchh deshon koo jaari kii jaani thee.
"francisi sambandh.
francisi patrakaar mairi-monic robbin koo francisi videsh mantralaya key kwai dee 'orse key abhilekhagar mein paaya gayaa, mool dastaavez joe saabit kartaa haye kii peris aur buenos airs key beach 1959 key samjhaute ney argentine key liye adhikaariyon kaa ack "sthaayi francisi sainya mission" sthaapit kiya thaa, jinhone algerian yuddh mein ladaai ladee thee. yeh argentine kii senaa key pramukh key karyalayon mein sthit thaa. yeh 1981 mein fraans key rashtrapati chune jaane taka jaari rhaa. usane dikhaaya kii kaise valery giscard dee 'esta kii sarkaar ney gupt roop seey argentine mein vidella key junta aur chilly mein augusto pinochet key shasson key saath sahyog kiya.
1957 mein, argentine key adhikaari, unamen seey elsides lopez aufrank, cuba kranti seey dou saal pahale aur argentine mein sarkaar virodhi gurilla andolanon key uday seey pahale, ikole dee gyure sainya vidyalaya mein dou saal key pathyakramon mein bhaag lene key liye peris gaye they. "vyavhaar mein", robbin ney "pejina/12" koo kahaa, "argentine mein francisi key aagaman ney khufiya sevaaon key badey paimaane parr vistaar aur aadhunik yuddh kii avadharana mein vidhvansak-virodhi yuddh key praathamik hathiyar key roop mein yaatana key upayog kaa kaaran banaa."isabelle peron dwara hastaaksharit" "vinash farman" "pahale key francisi dastavejon seey prerit they.
algiers kii ladaai key dauran, pulis balon koo francisi senaa key adhikaar key tahat rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur vishesh roop seey paratroopers key adhikaar key tahat. unhone poochtaachh key dauran vyavasthit roop seey yaatana kaa upayog kiya aur dhamki key karyakram key hisse key roop mein sandigdhon koo "gayab" karna bhee shuru curr diyaa. julaai 1982 mein argentine key junta key rashtrapati naamit renaldo bignon ney kahaa, "yuddh kaa march 1976 kaa adesh algerian yuddh kii ack prati haye."
10 sitambar 2003 koo, francisi green party key pratinidhi noel mamere, martin billard aur yaves coachet ney 1973 seey 1984 taka lattin america mein sainya shasson key samarthan mein france kii bhoomika kii jaanch karane key liye ack sansadiya aayog kii sthaapana key liye yachika daayar kii, jisaki adhyakshata edward baladur ney kii. yeh report karane vaalaa ekmatra samachar patra "leey monde" thaa. aayog key prabhaari dipty roland blum ney mairi-monic robbin koo gawahi dene kii anumati dene seey incar curr diyaa. disambar 2003 mein sarkaar kii report koo robbin ney atyant buri dhaarana mein bataaya thaa. isane daavaa kiya kii france aur argentine key beach iss mudde parr kabhi koee samjhauta naheen huaa thaa.
jaba farwari 2004 mein francisi videsh mantri dominic dee villepin ney chilly kii yatra kii, tou unhone daavaa kiya kii france aur sainya shasson key beach koee sahyog naheen thaa.
reporter mairi-monic robbin ney "ll 'humanit" akhbar seey kahaah "francisi ney shahari vatavaran mein ack sainya takneek koo vyavasthit kiya haye jise lattin americi tanashahon koo coppy kiya jaayega aur paarit kiya jaayega."1957 kii algiers kii ladaai key dauran niyojit vidhiyon koo vyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa aur buenos air mein yuddh school mein niryaat kiya gayaa thaa. counter-insurgency parr roser trinkvier kii prasiddh pustak kaa dakshin america mein bahut majboot prabhaav thaa. robbin ney kahaa kii vaha yeh jaankar hairan thee kii francisi khufiya agency ney deenaa koo una sharanarthiyon key naam bataae joe chilly (operation retorno) laut aae they, jinamen seey sabhi maare gaye they. "beshak, yeh francisi sarkaar koo aur usa samay ganarajya key rashtrapati, giscard dee 'esta koo sankat mein daal detaa haye. main francisi rajanyik sthiti kii dohrepan seey bahut hairan thaa, jisane usee samay khule haathon seey raajneetik sharanarthiyon koo praapt kiya, aur tanashahi key saath sahyog kiya."
mairi-monic robbin ney 1930 key dashak seey francisi sudur dakshinpanthi aur argentine key beach sambandh bhee dikhaae, vishesh roop seey roman catholic kattarpanthi sangathan "city catholic" key madhyam seey, jise charles mauras (shahiwadi "action frankage" andolan key sansthaapak) key poorv sachiv jeane auset dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. "laa city" ney ack sameeksha prakaashit kii, "leey verbe", jisane algerian yuddh key dauran sainya adhikaariyon koo prabhaavit kiya, vishesh roop seey unake yaatana key upayog koo uchit thaharaate hue. 1950 key dashak key anta mein, "city catholic" ney argentine mein samoohon kii sthaapana kii aur senaa mein prakoshth sthaapit kiye. iska bahut vistaar general juan carlos ongania kii sarkaar key dauran kiya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey 1969 mein.
city catholic" kaa pramukh vyakti pujari georges ghaas thaa, joe vidella kaa vyaktigat kabulatkarta bunn gayaa. vaha frankvist spen mein sthaapit ack francisi samarthak algeria aatankvaadi andolan, armi secrete (os) sangathan key aadhyatmik maargdarshak they. robbin kaa kahana haye kii argentine kii senaa mein iss catholic kattarpanthi vartamaan ney franco-argentine sahyog key mahatva aur avadhi mein yogdan diyaa. buenos aayars mein, georges grasset ney sent key samaaj key sansthaapak archbishop marcel lefebrey key saath sambandh banaae rakhe. 1970 mein payas aiks. unhein 1988 mein bahishkrit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. payas-aiks key samaaj mein argentine mein chaar mathh hain, joe laa reja mein sabse badey hain. vahaan key ack francisi pujari ney mairi-monic robbin seey kahaah "ack communist pujari kii aatma koo bachaane key liye, usey maar denaa chaahiye."carlos menem (1989 seey 1999 taka argentine key rashtrapati) key tahat dharm key poorv avar sachiv, luis rolden koo mathh key prabhaari pujari dominic lagneu dwara unhein prastut kiya gayaa thaa, aur unhein" shree "key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. argentine mein catholic. bruno genta aur juan carlos goeneche iss vichardhara kaa pratinidhitva karate hain.
mrityu udaanon" key abhyaas koo siddhaantit karane vaale argentine key admiral luis maria mendia ney janwari 2007 mein argentine key nyayadhishon key saamane gawahi dee kii ack francisi khufiya "agent", bertrand dee perseval ney dou francisi nana, leone dukewaite aur ellis doman key apaharan mein bhaag liya thaa, jinaki baad mein hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. persval, joe aaj thyland mein rahata haye, ney apaharan key saath kissy bhee sambandh seey incar kiya. unhone sweekaar kiya haye kii way oss key poorv sadasya they, aur march 1962 key avian samjhaute key baad argentine key liye bhaag gaye they, jisane algerian yuddh (1954-62) koo samaapt curr diyaa thaa. mairi monic robbin kii film vrittachitra "dha death squaud-dha french school" ("less escadrance day laa mort-ll 'ikole fraansis") kaa ullekh karate hue, luis maria mendia ney argentine kii adalat seey poochha kii poorv francisi rashtrapati valeri giscard dee' esting, poorv francisi pradhaan mantri piyare mesmer, poorv francisi rajdoot ack fraansisi dee laa gors koo khareedane key liye, aur 1976 aur 1983 key beach buenos airs mein francisi dutawas mein sabhi adhikaariyon koo adalat key samaksh bulaaya jaae.
iss "francisi sambandh" key alawa, unhone raajya key poorv pramukh isabelle peron aur poorv mantriyon carlos rukauf aur antonio cafero parr bhee aarop lagaaya haye, jinhone vidella key 1976 key takhtapalat seey pahale "vidhvans virodhi farmaanon" parr hastakshar kiye they. esma survivour gracilla dello key anusaar, yeh ranneeti yeh daavaa karane kii koshish karati haye kii apraadhon koo isabelle peron key "vidhvans-virodhi farmaanon" dwara vaidh banaaya gayaa thaa."vaha nott karati haye kii yaatana argentine key samvidhaan dwara varjit haye. alfredo estige, ack samudri jise usaki yaatana key kaaran "mrityu key gorey doot" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ney apane mukadame mein "francisi sambandh" kaa bhee ullekh kiya.
europe.
jaisa kii ack avargeekrit see. aaee. aeye. dastaavez mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, 1977 mein britten, france aur paschim germany kii khufiya agencies ney apane hii deshon mein vampanthi "vidhvansak" key khilaf operation kandor mein niyojit ranneeti kaa upayog karane kii koshish kii. agencies ney sitambar 1977 mein buenous air mein kondor sangathan sachivalaya mein pratinidhiyon koo bheja taaki iss baat parr charcha kii jaa sakey kii "kondor key samaan vidhvans-virodhi sangathan" kaise sthaapit kiya jaae, jahaan agencies apane sansadhanon koo ack hii sangathan mein ekatra karengi. abhikaranon kaa irada europe mein sadasya deshon key bheetar vidhvansak key khilaf samanvit tareeke seey kaary karane kaa thaa.
kanuni kaarravaai.
itali.
disambar 2000 mein, italvi nyaay ney gyaarah braziliyon, sabhi sainya aur pulis key khilaf mukadama shuru kiya. una parr italvi mool key teen argentine key laapata honey kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. brazil key loga operation kondor mein sakriya they. nyaay kii gopaniyata key kaaran, mukdamon key parinam aur apraadhiyon key dund, yadi koee hoe, kii soochana naheen dee gaee thee. disambar 2007 mein way italvi adhikaariyon dwara adhiniyamit kiye gaye they, jisamen shamil kaee logon kii nivaarak giraftari shamil thee, jisamen mritak joao figueredo (poorv rashtrapati) aur octavio aguier dee mediros (snee key poorv pramukh) shamil they.
julaai 2019 mein, ack aitihaasik faisale mein, italvi adalaton ney poorv peruvian tanashah morales bermudez koo poorv pradhaan mantri pedro richter prada aur general germain ruiz figueroa key saath, italvi nagrikon key laapata honey key liye aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai.
argentine.
argentine mein, 1983 key conadep manvadhikar aayog ney, lekhak ernesto sabaato aur rene favloro key netritva mein anya sammaanit hastiyon key beach, tanashahi key dauran manvadhikaron key hanan kii jaanch kii. 1985 mein juntas key mukadame mein una sheersh adhikaariyon koo doshi thaharaaya gayaa jinhone raajya aatankvaad key krityon key liye sainya sarkaaron koo chalaaya. 1985-1986 key maafi kaanoonon (lii dee obediencia debida aur lii dee panto final) ney 2003 taka mukadame koo roque diyaa, jaba congress ney unhein nirast curr diyaa, aur 2005 mein argentine kii sarvocch adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii way asamvaidhaanik they.
chillion enrique aranasibia clavell koo carlos prots aur unaki patni kii hatyaa key liye argentine mein doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa aur sajaa sunai gaee thee; 2011 key adalat key faisale mein, alfredo estiz, george acosta, antonio pernias aur ricardo cavallo koo aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. 2016 mein renaldo bignon, santigo rivros, manual cordero aur 14 anya koo doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa.
junta key adhikansh sadasya narsamhar aur manavata key khilaf apraadhon key liye jail mein hain.
argentine aur urugue key poorv sainya adhikaariyon parr 2013 mein operation kondor mein unake manvadhikaron key hanan key liye buenos air mein mukadama chalaaya gayaa thaa. 1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein tanashahi kii seema paar sajish 'vidhvans' koo samaapt karane key liye, ack aisaa shabd jiska vaam aur kendra vaam seey teji seey ahinsak asahamati mein anuvaad huaa."inn abhiyojanon koo rashtriya suraksha abhilekhagar mein poorv vargeekrit dastavejon key badey paimaane parr jaari karane seey saksham banaaya gayaa thaa, jinhen taba abhiyukton key khilaf saboot key roop mein upayog kiya gayaa thaa. "mamle key pramukh abhiyojak pablo enrique ovina ney kahaa, "dastaavez operation kandor key baare mein ack vyaapak vishleshanatmak dhaanche koo sthaapit karane mein bahut upayogi hain. abhiyogon mein uddhrit 171 peediton mein seey lagbhag bayalis butch gaye aur ack sou bees anya maare gaye aur/yaa gayab hoe gaye. "condor ack baad key dinn kaa prastuti, yaatana aur hatyaa karyakram thaa", carlos osorio ney ullekh kiya, joe abhilekhagar key dakshini shanku pralekhan pariyojana kaa nirdeshan karate hain. "inn adhikaariyon koo condor key bahurashtriya apraadhon key liye jawabdeh thaharaate hue", unhone kahaa, "madad naheen curr sakata lekin haal hii mein isi tarah key durvyavahar key liye ack misal sthaapit curr sakata haye."
operation kondor key ack pramukh peedit mein poorv bolivian rashtrapati, juan torres shamil they, jinaki hatyaa buenos air mein kii gaee thee.
chilly.
chilly key nyayadhish juan guzman, jinhone landan mein giraftari key baad chilly lautane parr pinochet koo aaropit kiya thaa, ney 20 chilly peediton key laapata honey key liye dinaa manual contreras key poorv pramukh sahit lagbhag 30 yaatana dene vaalon parr mukadama shuru kiya.
3 agast 2007 koo, dinaa key poorv pramukh, general raul ituriag koo prashant tata parr vinaa dell maar key chilly shahar mein pakad liya gayaa thaa. pinochet key 21 varsheeya pratidvandi luis dagoberto saine martin key apaharan key liye sajaa sunaaye jaane key baad, vaha pahale paanch saal kii jail kii sajaa seey bhagoda thaa. martin koo 1974 mein pakad liya gayaa thaa aur ack deenaa hirasat kendra mein leey jaaya gayaa thaa, jahan seey vaha "gayab" hoe gayaa thaa. ituriaga bhee general prots kii hatyaa key liye argentine mein vaanchhit thaa.
francisi samachar patra "ll 'humanit" key anusaar,"
una deshon mein seey adhikansh mein 1970 seey 1990 taka "lease-humanity" key apraadhon key lekhakon key khilaf kanuni kaarravaai, satta mein sarkaaron kii vaastavik ichcha kii tulanaa mein maafi kaanoonon mein khamiyon key kaaran adhik haye, joe isake vipareet, "rashtriya sulah" kaa jhanda laharaata haye. yeh kahana dukhad haye kii kandor operation key dou stambh, alfredo strosner aur augusto pinochet, ney apane apraadhon key liye kabhi bhugtan naheen kiya aur "gayab" key baare mein aaropon kaa jawab diye binaa marr gaye-joe fasiwadi krurta seey kuchale gaye logon kii smriti koo pareshan karna jaari rakhate hain.chilly mein operation kondor key pramukh peediton mein poorv chilly rajdoot orlando latellier aur unake 26 varsheeya americi sahayogi ronni moffit shamil they, jinaki washington dee shahar mein ack kaar bumm seey hatyaa curr dee gaee thee.see.
urugue.
urugve key poorv rashtrapati juan maria bordaberry, unake videsh mantri aur chhah sainya adhikaari, joe 1976 mein argentine mein urugve shasson key virodhiyon key laapata honey key liye jimmedaar they, unhein 2006 mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa aur 2007 mein nazarband curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 2010 mein, bordaberry koo samvidhaan kaa ullanghan karane, "jabaran laapata honey" key nau mamalon aur raajneetik hatyaa key dou mamalon mein doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa aur 30 saal kii sajaa sunai gaee thee.
operation kandor key pramukh urugve key peediton mein dou poorv vidhaayak shamil they.

