visheshagya kaa vivaran

vigyaan, engineering aur anusandhaan mein, visheshagya nishkarshan ack aise vishay key adhikaariyon kii raay kaa sanshleshan haye jahaan aparyaapt detta key kaaran anishchitata haye yaa jaba bhautik baadhaon yaa sansadhanon kii kamee key kaaran aisaa detta apraapya haye. visheshagya nishkarshan anivarya roop seey ack vaigyaanik sarvasammati paddhati haye. iska upayog aksar durlabh ghatnaaon key adhyayan mein kiya jaataa haye. visheshagya nishkarshan adhyayan key tahat sambandhit vishay key liye ack "shikshit anuman", parametrization kii anumati detaa haye. visheshagya nishkarshan aam taur parr anishchitata kii matra nirdhaarit kartaa haye.
visheshagya nishkarshan vyaavhaarik roop seey saarvbhaumik prayojyata key saath bahu-vishayak honey key saath-saath antahvishay bhee hotaa haye, aur iska upayog kaee kshetron mein kiya jaataa haye. haal key pramukh visheshagya nishkarshan anuprayogon mein jalavaayu parivartan, bhookampiya khatare aur kshati kaa pratiroopan, badhe hue fujita paimaane koo vikasit karane mein havaa kii gati koo bavandar kshati kaa sambandh, paramanu apashisht bhandaran key liye jokhim vishleshan shamil hain.
visheshagya nishkarshan karane mein kuchh karakon koo dhyaan mein rakhane kii aavashyakta haye. vishay aisaa honah chaahiye jisake liye aise loga houn jinake paas bhavishyasoochak visheshagyata hoe. isake alawa, uddeshya sabhi praasangik saakshyon key vyavasthit vichaar key aadhar parr ack visheshagya key saavdhaanipoorvak vichaar kiye gaye nirnay koo praapt karna honah chaahiye. iss kaaran seey praasangik sakshya koo nazarandaj karane seey bachane key liye sakshatkar kiye jaa rahey visheshagya kii madad karane key liye banaai gaee ranneetiyon koo apanaane kaa dhyaan rakhna chaahiye. isake alawa, upayog kii jaane vaali shabdawali koo gahan jaanch kaa saamana karna chaahiye; "sambhaavit" aur "asambhav" jaise gunaatmak anishchitata vaale shabd paryaapt naheen hain aur bhram paida curr sakate hain. iss tarah key shabdon kaa arth alag-alag logon key liye, yaa alag-alag sthitiyon mein ack hii logon key liye bahut alag hoe sakata haye.

