
kishore nyaay (bachchon kii dekhbhal aur sanrakshan) adhiniyam, 2015

baal adhikaar biradari dwara isake kaee praavdhaanon parr gahan vivaad, bahas aur virodh key beach bhaarat kii sansad dwara kishore nyaay (bachchon kii dekhbhal aur sanrakshan) adhiniyam, 2015 paarit kiya gayaa haye. isane bhaaratiya kishore aparaadh kaanoon, kishore nyaay (bachchon kii dekhbhal aur sanrakshan) adhiniyam, 2000 koo badal diyaa, aur jaghany apraadhon mein shamil 16-18 ayu varg mein kaanoon key saath sangharsh mein kishoron key liye vayaskon key roop mein mukadama chalaane kii anumati detaa haye. iss adhiniyam ney bhaarat key liye ack saarvbhaumik roop seey sulabh dattak kaanoon banaane kii bhee maang kii, jisamen hindu dattak grahan aur rakharkhaav adhiniyam (1956) (hinduon, bauddhon, jainon aur sikhon parr lagu) aur sanrakshak aur ward adhiniyam (1890) (musalmaanon parr lagu) koo peechhe chhod diyaa gayaa, halanki unaki jagah naheen lii gaee. yeh adhiniyam 15 janwari 2016 seey lagu huaa.
sansad key kaee sadasyon key teevra virodh key beach ise 7 maee 2015 koo loksabha dwara paarit kiya gayaa thaa. ise 22 disambar 2015 koo rajyasabha dwara paarit kiya gayaa thaa.
anath, parityakt aur aatmasamarpan karane vaale bachchon key liye god lene kii prakriyaon koo suvyavasthit karane key liye, maujooda kendriya god lene key sansaadhan pradhikaran (kaaraa) koo ack vaidhaanik nikaay kaa darja diyaa gayaa haye taaki vaha apane kaary koo adhik prabhaavi dhang seey curr sakey. god lene parr ack alag adhyaay god lene aur gair-anupaalan key liye dund seey sambandhit vistrit praavdhaan pradaan kartaa haye. desh mein aur antar-desh god lene key liye samay-seema key saath prakriyaon koo suvyavasthit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen ack bachche koo god lene key liye kanuni roop seey mukt ghoshit karna shamil haye.
iss adhiniyam koo kishore nyaay (bachchon kii dekhbhal aur sanrakshan) sanshodhan adhiniyam, 2021 dwara aage sanshodhit kiya gayaa haye joe 1 sitambar 2022 seey lagu huaa haye.
itihas.
mahila aur baal vikas mantralaya ney 2011 mein kaee vaanchhit sanshodhanon parr vichaar karna shuru kiya aur vibhinn hitdhaarakon key saath paramarsh kii prakriya shuru kii gaee. disambar 2012 mein dilli mein hue saamoohik balatkar key mamle kaa iss adhiniyam key baare mein janata kii dhaarana parr jabardast prabhaav padaa. 2012 key dilli saamoohik balatkar key abhiyukton mein seey ack kii umr 18 saal seey kuchh maheene cumm thee aur iss adhiniyam key tahat ack kishore adalat mein mukadama chalaaya gayaa thaa. adhiniyam aur isake kaee praavdhaanon koo asamvaidhaanik honey kaa aarop lagaane vaali aathh ritt yachikaon parr bhaarat key sarvocch nyayalaya dwara sunavaai kii gaee, jisase kishore nyayalaya koo apane faisale mein deree karane key liye prerit kiya gayaa. julaai 2013 key dusare saptah mein, sarvocch nyayalaya ney adhiniyam koo samvaidhaanik maanate hue apattiyon koo khariz curr diyaa. vayaskon kii ayu 18 seey ghataakar 16 varsh karane kii maangon koo bhee sarvocch nyayalaya ney khariz curr diyaa thaa, jaba bhaarat sarkaar ney kahaa thaa kii vayaskon kii ayu cumm karane kaa koee prastaav naheen haye. 31 agast 2013 koo, mamla kishore adalat mein vaapas aaa gayaa aur ack sudhaar grih mein 3 saal kii sajaa sunai gaee. peedit kii maan ney faisale kii aalochana kii aur kahaa kii kishore koo dandit naheen karke adalat anya kishoron koo isi tarah key aparaadh karane key liye protsaahit curr rahee thee.
julaai 2014 mein mahila aur baal vikas mantri menka gaandhi ney kahaa kii way ack nayaa kaanoon taiyar curr rahey hain joe 16 saal key bachchon koo vayaskon key roop mein mukadama chalaane kii anumati dega. unhone kahaa kii 50 pratishat kishore aparaadh jaanboojhkar kishoron dwara kiye gaye they, lekin unhone "socha" kii way isase butch sakate hain. unhone kahaa kii kaanoon mein badalaav, joe unhein vayaskon key roop mein hatyaa aur balatkar key liye mukadama chalaane kii anumati dega, unhein daraayega. iss vidheyak koo menka gaandhi ney 12 agast 2014 koo sansad mein pesh kiya thaa. 22 aprail 2015 koo mantrimandal ney kuchh badlaavon key baad antim sanskaran koo manjuri dey dee.
7 maee 2015 koo loksabha mein ack sanshodhit kishore nyaay vidheyak paarit kiya gayaa thaa. nayaa vidheyak 16-18 ayu varg key nabaligon koo yadi way jaghany aparaadh karate hain tou vayaskon key roop mein mukadama chalaane kii anumati dega. kishore nyaay board dwara jaghany aparaadh kii jaanch kii jaayegi taaki yeh pataa lagaaya jaa sakey kii aparaadh 'bachche' key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa yaa 'vayask' key roop mein.
saransh.
yeh vidheyak ack kishore nyaay board koo yeh taya karane kii anumati dega kii 16-18 ayu varg key kishore aparaadhi koo vayask key roop mein maanaa jaanaa chaahiye yaa naheen. iss vidheyak mein bachchon key sanrakshan aur antar-deshi god lene key sambandh mein sahyog parr hegg convention, 1993 kii avadhaaranaaen pesh kii gaeen, joe pichhale adhiniyam mein gayab theen. vidheyak anath, parityakt aur aatmasamarpan karane vaale bachchon koo god lene kii prakriya koo aur adhik suvyavasthit banaane kaa bhee prayaas kartaa haye.
yeh vidheyak bhaarat mein paalak dekhbhal kaa prastaav pesh kartaa haye. parivaar paalak dekhbhal key liye saain upp karenge aur parityakt, anath bachchon, yaa kaanoon key saath sangharsh mein una logon koo unake paas bheja jaayega. aise parivaaron kii nigrani kii jaayegi aur unhein raajya seey vittiya sahaayata praapt hogi. god lene mein, viklang bachchon aur shaaririk aur aarthik roop seey aksham bachchon koo prathamikta dee jaayegi. god lene key liye apane bachche koo chhodane vaale maataa-pitaa koo 1 maheene key pahale key praavdhaan kii tulanaa mein punarvichaar karane key liye 3 maheene milenge.
ack bachche koo sharaab yaa nashili davaaen dene vaale vyakti koo 7 saal kii kaid aur/yaa jurmaane kii sajaa dee jaayegi. shaaririk dund yaa 3 saal key karawas kii sajaa hogi. bachche koo bechane vaale vyakti parr jurmana lagaaya jaayega aur usey 5 saal kii jail hogi.
nae jeje vidheyak 2015 mein sabse adhik aalochana kiye gaye kadmon mein seey ack "nyaayik chhoot pranali" kii shuruat haye joe kishoron key saath kuchh sharton mein, vayask aaparaadhik nyaay pranali mein vyavhaar karane aur unhein vayaskon key roop mein dandit karane kii anumati detee haye. bhaarat key itihas mein yeh pahali baar haye jaba iss tarah kaa praavdhaan nirdhaarit kiya gayaa haye. gambhir aalochana key kaaran, vidheyak koo sansad kii ack sthaayi samiti koo bheja gayaa, jisane aise praavdhaanon koo bhee khariz curr diyaa. choonki sansad kii sthaayi samiti kii sifaarishen badhyakari naheen hain, isaliye sarkaar ney aage badhkar vidheyak koo loksabha mein pesh kiya haye, jahaan yeh paarit hoe gayaa haye.
iss vidheyak kii aalochana ack apaardarshi ayu nirdhaaran pranali aur isake kharaab masaude koo nirdhaarit karane key liye bhee kii jaati haye. 15 janwari 2016 koo vidheyak key karyanvayan key liye lagu kiye jaane key baad kaee masauda trutiyaan saamane aaa rahee hain. sarkaar aisee trutiyon koo sunishchit karane key liye ack sanshodhan parr kaam curr rahee haye.
nirbhaya mamle key aaropi kishore koo riha kiye jaane key baad abb yeh vidheyak mangalwar 22 disambar 2015 koo rajyasabha mein paarit hoe gayaa haye.
2021 sanshodhan.
julaai 2018 taka, vibhinn adalaton mein god lene key 629 mamle lambit they. god lene kii kaaryavaahi mein teji laane key liye, nayaa sanshodhan jilaa magistrate koo god lene key adesh jaari karane kii shakti koo sthanantarit kartaa haye.
2021 mein, kishore nyaay (bachchon kii dekhbhal aur sanrakshan) sanshodhan adhiniyam, 2021 koo bhaarat kii sansad dwara paarit kiya gayaa thaa. pichhale praavdhaanon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii nagrik adalat dwara god lene kaa adesh jaari karane parr bachche koo god lena antim haye. nae sanshodhan mein praavdhaan haye kii adalat key bajaay, jilaa magistrate iss tarah key god lene key adesh jaari karega.
2015 key adhiniyam key anusaar, kishoron dwara kiye gaye apraadhon koo jaghany apraadhon, gambhir apraadhon aur chhote apraadhon key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. gambhir apraadhon mein teen seey saat saal key karawas key saath aparaadh shamil hain. nae sanshodhan mein kahaa gayaa haye kii gambhir apraadhon mein gair-jaghany aparaadh bhee shamil honge, jinake liye adhikatam sajaa saat saal seey adhik kii karawas haye, aur nyuntam sajaa nirdhaarit naheen haye yaa saat saal seey cumm haye.
aalochana.
maee 2015 mein loksabha mein bahas key dauran, sansad (aim. pee.) key ack sadasya, shashi tharur ney tark diyaa kii kaanoon antarrashtriya manakon key vipareet thaa aur kaanoon todane vaale adhikansh bachche garib aur anpadh parivaaron seey aatey hain. unhone kahaa kii unhein dandit karane key bajaay shikshit kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
baal adhikaar kaaryakartaon aur mahila adhikaar kaaryakartaon ney vidheyak koo pratigaami kadam bataaya haye aur vidheyak kii aalochana kii haye. kaee visheshagyon aur kaaryakartaon ney disambar 2012 key baad dilli saamoohik balatkar pratikriyaon koo iss mudde key media sansanikhej banaane key roop mein dekhaa, aur desh mein kishore nyaay kaanoon kii gati koo baadhit karane key liye kissy bhee pratigaami kadam key khilaf agah kiya. haalaanki samaaj key kuchh vargon ney mahsoos kiya kii aatankvaad aur anya gambhir apraadhon koo dekhate hue, 2000 key kishore nyaay adhiniyam mein sanshodhan kii aavashyakta haye taaki maujooda kishore nyaay kaanoon mein dandaatmak drishtikon koo shamil kiya jaa sakey, joe abb taka vishuddh roop seey punarvaas aur sudharatmak haye. kuchh logon ney tark diyaa kii aatankvaad key khilaf prabhaavi nivaarak key liye kishore nyaay adhiniyam key saath chhedchhaad kii koee aavashyakta naheen haye. dilli uchch nyayalaya key sevaanivritt nyayadhish, nyaayamurti aar. aiss. sodhi ney 8 agast 2015 koo hindustan times koo bataaya, "humm ack sabhya rashtra hain aur aggar humm apane swayam key kaanoonon koo toda-marodkar berber hoe jaate hain, tou dushman hamaare samajik dhaanche koo nasht karane mein safal hoga. hamein isaki anumati naheen deni chaahiye, lekin hamein bachchon koo yuddh ladane key liye bhejane key iss kadam kii ninda karni chaahiye.

