
vinail siding

vinail siding gharon aur chhote apartment imaraton key liye plastic kii baahari siding haye, jiska upayog sajawat aur mausamrodhi, lakadi key clapboard, batton board aur batton yaa shake kii nakal karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, aur aluminium yaa fiber cement siding jaisi anya samagriyon key bajaay upayog kiya jaataa haye. yeh ack engineer utpaad haye, joe mukhya roop seey polyvinyl chloride (pee. vee. see.) raal seey nirmit haye. britten aur newzealand mein isi tarah kii samagri koo apvisi wetherboarding key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
isake vajan kaa lagbhag 80 pratishat pee. vee. see. raal haye, shesh 20 pratishat samagri haye joe rung, apaardarshita, chamak, prabhaav pratirodh, lachilaapan aur sthaayitva pradaan karati haye. yeh sanyukt raajya america aur kanada mein aavaasiya nirmaan key liye sabse adhik sthaapit baahari aavaran haye.
itihas.
1950 key dashak key anta mein aluminium siding key pratisthaapan key roop mein baahari bajar mein vinail siding kii shuruat kii gaee thee. yeh pahali baar columbus, ohiyo mein crain plastic naamak ack swatantra swaamitva vaale vinirmaan sanyantra dwara utpaadit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh prakriya mool roop seey mono-extrusion key madhyam seey kii gaee thee, joe ack hii samagri seey vaanchhit aakar aur aakar mein profile banaane kii prakriya haye. usa samay, rangon kaa mishran haath seey kiya jaataa thaa.
iss mool prakriya ney ack susangat, gunavatta vaale utpaad kaa utpaadan aur sthaapana karna mushkil banaa diyaa. 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein, udyog ney utpaad kii utpaadan gati, prabhaav pratirodh aur rangon kii seema mein sudhaar key liye apane sutrikaran koo badal diyaa. agale dashak mein, vinail siding apane sthaayitva, bahumukhi pratibha aur rakharkhaav mein aasaani key kaaran badey hisse mein lokpriyata mein lagaatar badhee.
aadhunik nirmaan.
aaj, vinail siding koo-extrusion dwara nirmit kiya jaataa haye. pee. vee. see. kii dou paraten ack nirantar bahishkaran prakriya mein rakhee jaati hain; sheersh parat ooshmaa-yogya aur tikaau samagri haye, jisamen siding motai kaa 25 pratishat taka shamil hotaa haye. iss capstock mein rung key aadhar parr lagbhag 10 pratishat titanium dioxide shamil hoe sakata haye, joe ack varnak haye aur yuvi prakaash seey tootane key liye pratirodh pradaan kartaa haye. vinail siding joe suraj key sampark mein aatee haye, samay key saath feaky padni shuru hoe jaayegi. haalaanki, adhikansh anya cladding kii tulanaa mein vinail key saath faid darr dheemi haye. adhikansh nirmaata 50 saal kii warranty dete hain kii unake utpaad usa avadhi mein bahut cumm naheen honge. ateet mein gahare rung halke rangon kii tulanaa mein adhik feeke parh jaate they, lekin praudyogiki aur samagri mein pragati kaa matlab yeh hoe sakata haye kii abb aisaa naheen haye.
nichali parat, jise substrate key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aamtaur parr lagbhag 15 pratishat bhoo-choona patthar (joe kaafee hudd taka calcium carbonate haye) hoti haye. choona patthar laagat koo cumm kartaa haye, aur titanium dioxide koo bhee santulit kartaa haye, jisase nirmaan key dauran donon bahirgaman dhaaraon koo samaan roop seey taral padaarth rakhaa jaataa haye. tinn mercapton yaa beautadine kii ack chhoti matra koo kissy bhee hydrochloric acid koo rasayanik roop seey baandhane key liye ack stabilizer key roop mein jodaa jaataa haye joe siding kii umr key roop mein pee. vee. see. samagri mein jaari kiya jaataa haye. vinirmaan prakriya mein sahaayata key liye snehak bhee jode jaate hain.
vinirdesh aur utpaad charr.
vinail siding koo utpaad kii gunavatta kii ack vistrit shrinkhala mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye joe motai aur sthaayi sthaayitva mein paryaapt antar mein mahsoos kiya jaataa haye. motai. 035 "seey laker uchchatam shreni key utpaadon mein. 052" taka hoe sakati haye joe nirmaata seey nirmaata mein bhinn hoti haye. aaj, aam taur parr upayog kiya jaane vaalaa sabse patala vinail siding. 040 "haye, aur ise" builder grade "key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. vinail utpaad kii motai ack nirmaata key bheetar bhee. 010 "taka hoe sakati haye, joe buniyaadi seey laker premium-grade utpaadon taka kii peshkash kii jaane vaali vibhinn utpaad lines key madhyam seey hoe sakati haye. motey vinail utpaad, joe aamtaur parr uchch laagat mein mahsoos kiye jaate hain, adhik kathor hotey hain joe sthaapit saundarya appeal aur dikhane mein jodd sakate hain, swabhavik roop seey lacheele utpaad aur sthaayitva aur jeevan pratyasha mein bhee jodd sakate hain. kuchh logon key anusaar, vinail siding key motey grade "hoe sakata haye", vinail siding key baare mein sabse aam shikayat key liye adhik pratirodh pradarshit karate hain-bahut thhande mausam mein daraar kii isaki pravritti jaba yeh kissy kathin vastu seey takaraati haye yaa takaraati haye, jabaki anya mahsoos karate hain kii ack patala utpaad adhik 'daraar seey pahale flex' kii anumati dey sakata haye aur bahas kaa vishay haye. haalaanki, "iss puraane ghar" kii website parr, motai aur daraar pratirodh key baare mein yeh daavaa vivaadit haye. way pareekshan parinamon key baare mein jaanane kaa daavaa karate hain joe ingit karate hain kii rasayanik makeup kaa prabhaav pratirodh parr motai kii tulanaa mein adhik prabhaav padata haye.
rasayanik sootra bhee nirmaata seey nirmaata mein kuchh hudd taka bhinn hoe sakate hain joe formulon key roop mein jeevan pratyasha koo prabhaavit curr sakate hain aur sambhavatah utpaadan prakriya utpaad kii gunavatta aur sthaayitva key mamle mein sabse mahatvapurna hoe sakati haye. ack mahatvapurna aagaman ack yuvi "coating" thaa, jiska upayog kuchh nirmaataon dwara utpaad kii satah parr kiya gayaa thaa joe soorya seey yuvi varnakramiya prakaash koo chhaanata haye joe anyatha pvc koo adhik jaldi kharaab curr dega.
vinail siding koo apani aanshik bandhan yaa taalaa pranali key saath nirmit kiya jaataa haye joe nakhunon key saath jodaa jaataa haye joe utpaad koo baahari deewaar seey 'dheela' curr dete hain. yeh taalaa pranali yaa tou ack ludhaka huaa yaa ack bahishkrit taalaa hoe sakata haye joe vinirmaan prakriya key aadhar parr hoe sakata haye, jinamen seey kissy ack key apane design vichaar hain. iss taalaa pranali mein, yaa tou baahar nikala gayaa yaa ludhaka huaa ack nichala taalaa hotaa haye joe yaa tou ack start pees mein yaa neeche panel key sheersh taalaa parr bund hoe jaataa haye. panel koo deewaar parr pakadane key liye sheersh taalaa koo phir 'dheela' nakhun lagaaya jaataa haye. yeh 'dheela' nakhun tairane kii anumati detaa haye joe alag-alag tapman aur mausam kii sthiti seey vistaar aur sankuchan seey banata haye. achchi tarah seey design kii gaee siding, aur uchit 'dheele nakhun' kii sthaapana key saath, siding aasaani seey oopar, neeche, ander aur baahar, aur binaa kissy pratibandh key baaen aur daaen vistaar curr sakati haye. vinail siding, apani prakriti seey, kissy bhee anya samanya prakaar key aavaran kii tulanaa mein tapman charam seema key saath adhik vistaar aur anubandh karane kii pravritti rakhta haye.
paryavaraniya pahalu.
vinail siding mein ack chlorine aadhar hotaa haye, joe ise prajwalit karane aur jwala mund karane mein swabhavik roop seey dheema banaata haye. sabhi carbonic padaarth (yaani carbon yukt kuchh bhee) prajwalit honge, lekin kissy padaarth koo aag lagane seey pahale jitna adhik tapman taka pahunchana hoga, utanaa hii surakshit hoga. pee. vee. see. taba taka prajwalit naheen hoga, yahaan taka kii ack anya lau seey bhee, jaba taka kii yeh lagbhag 730 degree fahrenheit (387 degree celsius) taka naheen pahunch jaataa haye aur lagbhag 850 degree fahrenheit (454 degree celsius) taka aatm-prajwalit naheen hoga. way ignition tapman samanya framing lakadi kii tulanaa mein kaafee adhik hotey hain, joe 500°pha (260°see) parr ack lau seey prajwalit hotey hain aur 770°pha (410°see) parr swa-prajwalit hotey hain. astm dee2863 parikshanon seey yeh bhee pataa chalata haye kii kathor pvc key uchch seemit oxygen soochkaank kaa matlab haye kii ise jalane aur jalate rahane key liye asamanya roop seey uchch matra mein oxygen kii aavashyakta hoti haye. kathor pee. vee. see. (vinail siding) oxygen kii samanya sandrata (lagbhag 21 pratishat) key saath havaa mein swatantra roop seey dahan koo banaae naheen rakhega-isaliye yeh adhik aasaani seey bujh jaataa haye.
sangathanon kii chintaaen.
apane patale roop key kaaran, vinail siding key baahari aag key kaaran prajwalit honey kii adhik sambhavana hoe sakati haye; udaaharan key liye, rashtriya maanak aur praudyogiki sansthaan ney paaya kii, nikatata mein vinail-dhankani sanrachanaon seey judey parikshanon mein, aag koo chhah feat kii doori parr sthit dou vinail-dhankani pareekshan sanrachanaon key beach paanch minut seey bhee cumm samay mein failate hue dekhaa gayaa thaa.
rashtriya grih nirmaata sangh (nahb) harit grih nirmaataon key liye aisee nirmaan samagri kaa upayog karane kii sifarish kartaa haye jisake liye "site parr aavedan koo puuraa karane key liye koee atirikt finish sansadhanon kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye" kyonki way apashisht aur upayog kii jaane vaali samagri koo cumm karate hain. vinail siding sthaapit karane mein naa tou pent, daag, aur naa hii colluck shamil hotaa haye aur iss prakaar yeh nahab aavashyakta koo puuraa kartaa haye. halanki vinail siding koo vaastav mein seal karane key liye colluck kii aavashyakta hoti haye jahaan siding jey (border trim jise slide karna slide kartaa haye) khidakiyon aur darvaajon seey milata haye.
paryaavaran bhawan samachar ney greenpeace dwara uthaaye gaye muddon koo maanya kiya aur kahaa kii yeh vinail key baare mein paryaavaran aur swaasthya chintaon vaalaa ekmatra sangathan naheen thaa. unhone plasticiser dhp jaise yojakon key jokhimon parr jore diyaa.
agnishamakon key antarrashtriya sangh kii sthiti, joe yuu mein agnishamakon kaa pratinidhitva karati haye.aiss. aur kanada haih "isake aantarik khatron key kaaran, humm vaikalpik nirmaan samagri kii pehchaan karane aur upayog karane key prayason kaa samarthan karate hain joe agnishamakon, bhawan mein rahane vaalon yaa samudaayon key liye pee. vee. see. jitna jokhim paida naheen karate hain." 
swaasthya sambandhi chintaaen.
vinail siding mein upayog kiye jaane vaale pee. vee. see. kaa utpaadan 1971 taka khule whats mein kiya jaataa thaa, jaba angiosarcoma, yakrit kaa ack durlabh cancer, pee. vee. see. shramikon key beach vinail chloride key sampark mein paaya gayaa thaa, aur vyaavsaayik suraksha aur swaasthya prashaasan dwara kaaryasthal key sampark kii sakht seemaaen sthaapit kii gaee theen. inn parivartanon key liye sabhi whats koo kaskar seal karane kii aavashyakta thee, jisase adhik poonji laagat aur utpadakon kii sankhya mein ekagrata hui.

