dwipad namkaran

vargeekaran mein, dwipad namkaran ("dou-avadhi namkaran pranali"), jise namkaran ("dou-naam namkaran pranali") yaa dwiaadhaari namkaran bhee kahaa jaataa haye, pratyek koo dou bhaagon seey banaa naam dekar jeevit cheejon kii prajaatiyon key namkaran kii ack aupchaarik pranali haye, joe donon lattin vyaakaran roopon kaa upayog karate hain, halanki way anya bhaashaon key shabdon parr adharit hoe sakate hain. iss tarah key naam koo ack dwipad naam (jise kewal "dwipad" key liye chhota kiya jaa sakata haye), ack dwipad, naam, yaa ack vaigyaanik naam kahaa jaataa haye; adhik anaupchaarik roop seey ise aitihaasik roop seey ack lattin naam bhee kahaa jaataa haye.
naam kaa pahala bhaag-"samanya naam"-usa vansh kii pehchaan kartaa haye jisase prajaati sambandhit haye, jabaki doosara bhaag-vishisht naam yaa vishisht visheshan-vansh key bheetar prajaati koo alag kartaa haye. udaaharan key liye, aadhunik manushya "homo" vansh seey sambandhit hain aur iss vansh key bheetar "homo sapiens" prajaati seey sambandhit hain. "tyrenosaurus rakes" sambhavatah sabse vyaapak roop seey gyaat dwipad haye. prajaatiyon key namkaran kii iss pranali kii "aupchaarik" shuruat kaa shreya carle linius koo diyaa jaataa haye, joe prabhaavi roop seey 1753 mein apane kaam "prajaati paadap" seey shuru huaa thaa. lekin 1622 kii shuruat mein, gaspard bauhin ney apani pustak "pinax theatry botanisi" (angreji, "paudhon kii sachitra vyakhya") mein pesh kiya, jisamen kaee vansh key naam they jinhen baad mein linius dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa.
dwipad namkaran kaa anuprayog abb vibhinn antarrashtriya star parr sahmat niyamon key code dwara shaasit haye, jinamen seey dou sabse mahatvapurna jaanvaron key liye "prani vigyaan namkaran kaa antarrashtriya code" ("aaee. see. jaid. aine") aur "shaiwal, kavak aur paudhon key liye namkaran kaa antarrashtriya code" ("aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee" yaa "aaee. see. aine") hain. haalaanki inn dou kodon key liye antarnihit samanya siddhant samanya hain, lekin unake dwara upayog kii jaane vaali shabdawali aur unake vishesh niyamon mein kuchh antar hain.
aadhunik upayog mein, samanya naam kaa pahala akshar hamesha likhit roop mein badaa akshar hotaa haye, jabaki vishisht visheshan kaa akshar taba bhee naheen hotaa haye jaba vaha kissy vyakti yaa sthaan key naam jaisi uchit sangya seey liya jaataa haye. isi tarah, donon bhaag samanya paath mein (yaa likhaavat mein rekhaankit) italysize kiye gaye hain. iss prakaar vaarshik floakes (vanaspatishastri thomas drummond key naam parr) kaa dwipad naam abb "floakes drummondy" key roop mein likhaa gayaa haye. aksar, ack prajaati key naam koo ack paath mein pesh kiye jaane key baad, baad key ullekhon mein samanya naam koo pahale akshar key liye sankshipt kiya jaataa haye (ee.jee., pee. drummondy ").
vaigyaanik karyon mein, ack dwipad naam key liye pradhikaran aamtaur parr diyaa jaataa haye, cumm seey cumm jaba iska pahali baar ullekh kiya jaataa haye, aur prakaashan kaa varsh nirdisht kiya jaa sakata haye.
mool.
naam dou shabd-nirmaan tatvon seey banaa haih "dwi-" (lattin upsarg jiska arth haye "dou") aur "nomial" ("naam" kaa visheshan roop, "naam" key liye lattin). madhyayugeen lattin mein, sambandhit shabd kaa upayog ganit mein ack dwipad abhivyakti mein ack shabd koo ingit karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. vaastav mein, lattin shabd vaidh roop seey dwipad naam mein kissy bhee upnaamak koo sandarbhit curr sakata haye, jise samaan roop seey aeye (pee. ell.) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaa sakata haye. ).
itihas.
prajaatiyon key namkaran kii aadhunik dwipad pranali koo apanaane seey pahale, ack vaigyaanik naam mein ack samanya naam shamil thaa joe ack vishisht naam key saath sanyukt thaa joe ack seey laker kaee shabdon taka lamba thaa. unhone milkar bahupad namkaran kii ack pranali banaai. inn naamon key dou alag-alag kaary they. pahala, prajaatiyon koo naamit karna yaa label karna, aur doosara, ack nidan yaa vivaran honah; haalaanki yeye dou lakshya antatah asangat paae gaye. ack sadharan vansh mein, jisamen kewal dou prajaatiyan hoti hain, unhein ack shabd vaale vansh aur ack shabd vaale vishisht naam seey alag karna aasaan thaa; lekin jaise-jaise adhik prajaatiyon kii khoj kii gaee, naam aavashyak roop seey lambe aur bhaari hoe gaye, udaaharan key liye, "plantago folis oveto-lansolates pubsentibus, spica cylindrica, scapoti" ("pubsent ovet-lansolate pattiyon key saath paudha, ack belnakar spike aur ack terret scape"), jise humm aaj "plantgo media" key roop mein jaanate hain.
aise "bahupad naam" kabhi-kabhi dwipad kii tarah dikh sakate hain, lekin kaafee alag hotey hain. udaaharan key liye, gerard kii jadee-bootiyaan (jaisa kii johnson dwara sanshodhit kiya gayaa haye) vibhinn prakaar key makadi key bundle kaa varnan karati hainh "pahale koo" follangium ramosam ", shaakhaon vaalaa makadi kaa bundle kahaa jaataa haye; doosara," follangium gair ramosam ", shaakhaon seey rahit makadi kaa bundle. doosara... ise upayukt roop seey "falangium ephemerum virginium" kahaa jaataa haye, joe jald hii virginia kaa lupt hotaa spiderwart haye. lattin vakyansh label kii pehchaan karane key bajaay sankshipt vivaran hain.
bauhin, vishesh roop seey casper bauhin (1560-1624) ney kaee mamalon mein dou shabdon mein lattin vivaranon kii chhantai karke, dwipad pranali kii disha mein kuchh mahatvapurna kadam uthaaye. jeevvigyaani dwara sakhti seey dwipad namkaran kii pranali koo apnana swedish vanaspatishastri aur chikitsak carle linius (1707-1778) key kaaran haye. yeh linius key 1753 key "prajaati paadap" mein thaa kii unhone dwipadi namkaran kii pranali mein ack samanya naam (genus naam) key baad ack shabd key tuchchh naam () kaa lagaatar upayog karna shuru kiya. unake "crita botanica" (1737) aur "philosophia botanica" (1751) mein pahale hii mamuli naam saamane aaa chuke they. yeh tuchchh naam abb ack vishisht visheshan ("aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee") yaa vishisht naam ("aaee. see. jaid. aine") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. inmein seey kaee mein bauhinon key vansh key naam banaae rakhe gaye they, lekin varnanatmak bhaag koo ack shabd taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
linius key tuchchh naamon ney ack mahatvapurna nayaa vichaar pesh kiya, arthaat kii ack naam kaa kaary kewal ack prajaati koo ack advitiya label denaa hoe sakata haye. iska matlab thaa kii naam koo abb varnanatmak honey kii aavashyakta naheen haye; udaaharan key liye, donon bhaag logon key naamon seey liye jaa sakate hain. iss prakaar gerard kaa "falangium ephemerum virginianum" "tradeskentia virginiana" bunn gayaa, jahan jeane naam johnn tradeskent dha young, ack angreji vanaspatishastri aur maali koo sammaanit kartaa haye. tote key parivaar mein ack pakshi kaa naam "citacus alekjendri" rakhaa gayaa thaa, jiska arth haye "alexanders totaa", alexanders dha grate key naam parr, jisaki senaaon ney purvi tote koo grees mein pesh kiya thaa. linius key tuchchh naamon koo yaad rakhna aur upayog karna samanantar bahupad naamon kii tulanaa mein bahut aasaan thaa aur antatah unhein badal diyaa gayaa.
moolya.
dwipad namkaran pranali kaa moolya mukhya roop seey isaki arthavyavastha, isake vyaapak upayog aur naamon kii vishishtata aur sthirata seey praapt hotaa haye joe prani vigyaan aur vanaspati vigyaan, jeevaanu aur viral namkaran key code pradaan karate hainh
samasyaaen.
prajaatiyon key liye dwipad namkaran kaa prabhaav yeh hotaa haye kii jaba ack prajaati koo ack vansh seey dusare vansh mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye, tou kabhi-kabhi vishisht naam yaa visheshan koo bhee badalana padata haye. aisaa isaliye hoe sakata haye kyonki vishisht naam kaa upayog pahale seey hii nae vansh mein kiya jaataa haye, yaa nae vansh key saath ling mein sahmat honey key liye yadi vishisht visheshan vansh key naam koo sanshodhit karane vaalaa ack visheshan haye. kuchh jeevvigyaani ack spasht naam mein vansh naam aur vishisht visheshan key sanyojan key liye, yaa namheen naamon key upayog key liye (jaisa kii prajaatiyon key oopar key shreniyon key namkaran mein upayog kiya jaataa haye) tark dete hain.
kyonki vansh key naam kewal ack namkaran code key bheetar advitiya hain, dou yaa dou seey adhik prajaatiyon key liye ack hii vansh kaa naam saajha karna sambhav haye aur yahaan taka kii ack hii dwipad bhee yadi way alag-alag raajyon mein hotey hain. jeane naam key duplication key cumm seey cumm 1,258 udaaharan (mukhya roop seey prani vigyaan aur vanaspati vigyaan key beach) hotey hain.
vargeekaran aur vargeekaran key saath sambandh.
namkaran (dwipad namkaran sahit) vargeekaran key samaan naheen haye, halanki donon sambandhit hain. vargeekaran samaantaon yaa antaron key aadhar parr vastuon koo samoohon mein krambaddh karna haye; javic vargeekaran mein, prajaatiyan vargeekrit kii jaane vaali vastuon key prakaron mein seey ack hain. siddhant roop mein, prajaatiyon koo diye gaye naam unake vargeekaran seey poori tarah seey swatantra hoe sakate hain. yeh dwipad naamon key liye mamla naheen haye, kyonki ack dwipad kaa pahala bhaag usa vansh kaa naam haye jisamen prajaati koo rakhaa gayaa haye. vansh key star seey oopar, dwipad namkaran aur vargeekaran aanshik roop seey swatantra hain; udaaharan key liye, ack prajaati apane dwipad naam koo barkarar rakhti haye yadi ise ack parivaar seey dusare mein yaa ack crum seey dusare mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye, jaba taka kii yeh ack hii yaa alag parivaar mein ack alag vansh mein behtar roop seey fitt naheen baithata haye, yaa ise apane puraane vansh seey vibhajit kiya jaataa haye aur ack nae banaae gaye vansh mein rakhaa jaataa haye. swatantrata kewal aanshik haye kyonki parivaaron key naam aur anya uchch varg aamtaur parr vansh parr adharit hotey hain.
vargeekaran mein namkaran aur vargeekaran donon shamil hain. isake pahale charan (kabhi-kabhi "alfa vargeekaran" kahaa jaataa haye) jeevit yaa jeevaashm jeevon kii prajaatiyon koo khojane, unakaa varnan karane aur unakaa namkaran karane seey sambandhit hain. iss prakaar dwipad namkaran vargeekaran kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye kyonki yeh vaha pranali haye jisake dwara prajaatiyon kaa naam rakhaa gayaa haye. vargeekaranvid isake siddhanton, prakriyaon aur niyamon sahit vargeekaran seey bhee sambandhit hain.
dwipad naamon kii vyutpatti.
ack poorna dwipad naam koo hamesha vyaakaranik roop seey maanaa jaataa haye jaise kii yeh lattin bhasha mein ack vakyansh thaa (isaliye ack dwipad naam key liye "lattin naam" shabd kaa samanya upayog). haalaanki, ack dwipad naam key dou bhaag pratyek kaee sroton seey praapt kiye jaa sakate hain, jinamen seey lattin kewal ack haye. inmein shamil hainh
naam kaa pahala bhaag, joe vansh kii pehchaan kartaa haye, ack aisaa shabd honah chaahiye jise nammatra key mamle mein lattin ekvachan sangya key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye. yeh pratyek namkaran code key dayare mein advitiya honah chaahiye, lekin unake beach dohraya jaa sakata haye. iss prakaar "huiya rikarwata" paudhe kii ack vilupt prajaati haye, joe chean key yunnan mein jeevaashm key roop mein paaee jaati haye, jabaki "huiya massoni" jaava, indoneshiya mein paaee jaane vaali mendhak kii ack prajaati haye.
naam kaa doosara bhaag, joe vansh key bheetar prajaatiyon kii pehchaan kartaa haye, koo bhee vyaakaranik roop seey ack lattin shabd key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye. isake kaee roop hoe sakate hainh
jabaki ack dwipad naam kaa pahala bhaag pratyek namkaran code key dayare mein advitiya honah chaahiye, doosara bhaag aamtaur parr dou yaa dou seey adhik vanshon mein upayog kiya jaataa haye (jaisa kii oopar "hojsoni" key udaharanon seey dikhaaya gayaa haye). poorna dwipad naam pratyek code key bheetar advitiya honah chaahiye.
code.
19veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey yeh aur adhik spasht hoe gayaa kii vaigyaanik naamon koo niyantrit karane key liye niyamon kaa ack nikaay aavashyak thaa. samay key saath yeye namkaran code bunn gaye. prani vigyaan namkaran kaa antarrashtriya code" ("aaee. see. jaid. aine") jaanvaron key namkaran, "shaiwal, kavak aur paudhon key liye namkaran kaa antarrashtriya code" ("aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee") paudhon (sinobacteria sahit), aur bacteria (archia sahit) key "bacteria key namkaran kaa antarrashtriya code" ("aaee. see. aine. bee") koo niyantrit kartaa haye. virus key naam "virus key vargeekaran parr antarrashtriya samiti" ("aaee. see. tii. vee") dwara shaasit hotey hain, joe ack vargeekaran code haye, joe curr key saath-saath naamon koo bhee nirdhaarit kartaa haye. yeye code kuchh tarikon seey bhinn hotey hain, jaise.jee.:
vibhinn kodon koo ack ekal code mein ekikrit karane kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye, "biocode", halanki karyanvayan drishti mein naheen haye. (javic namkaran kii ack alag pranali key liye ack prakaashit code bhee haye joe prajaatiyon key oopar rank kaa upayog naheen kartaa haye, balki isake bajaay clad kaa naam detaa haye. ise "phylocode" kahaa jaataa haye.)
vyaktigat naamon koo sambhaalane mein antar.
jaisa kii oopar ullekh kiya gayaa haye, code key beach kuchh antar hain jiss tarah seey dwipad banaae jaa sakate hain; udaaharan key liye "aaee. see. jaid. aine" donon bhaagon koo samaan honey kii anumati detaa haye, jabaki "aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee" naheen haye. ack anya antar usa tareeke mein haye jisamen vyaktigat naamon kaa upayog vishisht naamon yaa upnaamein banaane mein kiya jaataa haye. aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee" sateek niyam nirdhaarit kartaa haye jisake dwara ack vyaktigat naam koo ack vishisht visheshan mein parivartit kiya jaanaa haye. vishesh roop seey, vyanjan mein samaapt honey vaale naamon (lekin "air" naheen) koo pahale "-aus" (ack purush key liye) yaa "-ia" (ack mahila key liye) jodkar lattin mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye, aur phir aanuvanshik (i.ee. jiska arth haye "usa vyakti yaa vyaktiyon kaa"). yeh lacard (purush) key liye "lecardi", willson (mahila) key liye "vilsonia" aur braun bahanon key liye "bronierum" jaise vishisht upnaamein utpann kartaa haye. isake vipareet "aaee. see. jaid. aine" key liye ack vyaktigat naam key lattin roop key madhyavarti nirmaan kii aavashyakta naheen haye, jisase aanuvanshik anta koo seedhe vyaktigat naam mein jodaa jaa sakata haye. yeh paudhe "magnolia hodgesony" aur pakshi "anthus hodgesony" key naamon key beach key antar koo samajhaata haye. isake alawa, "aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee." key liye code dwara aavashyak roop mein prakaashit naamon koo isake anuroop sudhaarne kii aavashyakta naheen haye, jabaki "aaee. see. jaid. aine." mool lekhak dwara upayog kiye gaye roop kaa adhik surakshaatmak haye.
dwipad naam likhana.
parampara key anusaar, prajaatiyon key dwipad naam aamtaur parr itailik mein type kiye jaate hain; udaaharan key liye, "homo sapiens". aam taur parr, dwipad koo samanya paath mein upayog kii jaane vaali font shally seey alag mudrit kiya jaanaa chaahiye; udaaharan key liye, "kaee aur" homo sapiens "jeevashmon kii khoj kii gaee thee."jaba hastalikhit hotaa haye, tou ack dwipad naam rekhaankit kiya jaanaa chaahiye; udaaharan key liye, homo sapiens.
dwipad kaa pahala bhaag, vansh kaa naam, hamesha ack praarambhik badey akshar key saath likhaa jaataa haye. puraane srot, vishesh roop seey 1950 key dashak seey pahale prakaashit vanaspati vigyaan key kaary, ack alag parampara kaa upayog karate hain. yadi naam kaa doosara bhaag ack uchit sangya seey liya gayaa haye, tou ee.jee.kissy vyakti yaa sthaan kaa naam, ack badey akshar kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. iss prakaar, aadhunik roop "berberis darwin" koo "berberis darwin" key roop mein likhaa gayaa thaa. ack rajdhani kaa upayog taba bhee kiya jaataa thaa jaba naam dou sangyaon dwara banaaya jaataa haye, ee.jee.panthera leo" yaa "centauria sinus". vartamaan upayog mein, doosara bhaag kabhi bhee praarambhik poonji key saath naheen likhaa jaataa haye.
jaba ack samanya naam key saath upayog kiya jaataa haye, tou vaigyaanik naam aksar koshthak mein aataa haye, halanki yeh prakaashan key saath badalata rahata haye. udaaharan key liye, europe mein "gharelu gauraiya (" passer domesticus ") cumm hoe rahee haye."
dwipad naam aam taur parr poorna roop seey likhaa jaanaa chaahiye. iska apavaad taba hotaa haye jaba ack hii vansh kii kaee prajaatiyon koo ack hii kagaj yaa report mein soochibaddh yaa charcha kii jaa rahee hoti haye, yaa ack hii prajaati kaa baar-baar ullekh kiya jaataa haye; iss mamle mein jaba pahali baar iska upayog kiya jaataa haye tou vansh koo poori tarah seey likhaa jaataa haye, lekin phir ise praarambhik (aur ack avadhi/poorna viram) key roop mein sankshipt kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, genus "canis" key sadasyon kii ack soochi koo "canis lupus", see key roop mein likhaa jaa sakata haye. aureus, "see. simensis. durlabh mamalon mein, yeh sankshipt roop adhik samanya upayog mein fail gayaa haye; udaaharan key liye, bacteria "escarichia kolai" koo aksar sirf "ee" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. kolai, aur "tyranosaurus rakes" shayed kewal "tii" key roop mein behtar jaanaa jaataa haye. rakes, "yeye donon aksar lokpriya lekhan mein iss roop mein dikhaai dete hain, yahaan taka kii jahaan poorna vansh kaa naam pahale seey hii naheen diyaa gayaa haye.
sankshipt naam "sp"."kaa upayog taba kiya jaataa haye jaba vaastavik vishisht naam nirdisht naheen kiya jaa sakata haye yaa isaki aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. sankshipt naam "aiss. pee. pee.."(bahuvachan)" "kaee prajaatiyon" "koo ingit kartaa haye. yeye sankshipt shabd italysized (yaa rekhaankit) naheen hain. udaaharan key liyeh "canis" sp."iska arth haye" "genus" "canis kii ack anirdisht prajaati", "jabaki" "canis" "spp."iska arth haye" "genus kii dou yaa adhik prajaatiyan" "canis. (inn sankshipt shabdon koo "aiss. aiss. pee.". key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye."(prani vigyaan) yaa" upa-vigyaan."(vanaspati vigyaan), bahuvachan" aiss. aiss. pee. pee.."yaa" upap.", ack yaa adhik upa-prajaatiyon kaa ullekh karate hue. trikoniya (prani vigyaan) aur avyakhyayit naam dekhein.)
sankshipt naam "see. aff.."(aaee.ee.lattin mein "pradaan") kaa upayog gyaat/varnit prajaatiyon key saath vyaktiyon/vargeekaran kii tulanaa karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. see. aff.". key upayog key liye sammelan."yogyata alag-alag hoti haye. jeevaashm vigyaan mein, iska upayog aamtaur parr taba kiya jaataa haye jaba pehchaan kii pushti naheen hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, "corvus" see. aff.. "nasicus" "kaa upayog cuban kauve key samaan ack jeevaashm pakshi koo ingit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa, lekin nishchit roop seey iss prajaati key roop mein pahachaana naheen gayaa thaa. aanvik pranali vigyaan patron mein, "cf."ack varnit prajaati seey sambandhit maani gaee ack yaa adhik avarnit prajaatiyon koo ingit karane key liye upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, darters naamak chhoti benthic meethe paani kii machhali key phylogeny kaa varnan karane vaale ack pepper mein, paanch avarnaniya puttive prajaatiyan (ozark, sheltovi, wildcat, ihio aur memequit darters), vishisht rung pattern vaale chamkile rangeen napunsak purushon key liye ullekhaniya, koo "ethostoma" see. aff. key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa. "spectabile" kyonki unhein "athiostoma spectabile" (orangethroat darter) seey sambandhit, lekin alag key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. dee. aine. aeye. vishleshan dwara iss drishtikon koo alag-alag degree mein samarthit kiya gayaa thaa. yogyata sankshipt shabdon key saath taxes naamon key kuchh anaupchaarik upayog koo khule namkaran key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye aur yeh sakht upayog code key adheen naheen haye.
kuchh sandarbhon mein, khanjar prateek ("±") kaa upayog dwipad naam seey pahale yaa baad mein yeh ingit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye kii prajaati vilupt hoe gaee haye.
adhikaar.
vidvaanon key granthon mein, cumm seey cumm dwipad naam kaa pahala yaa mukhya upayog aamtaur parr "pradhikaran" dwara kiya jaataa haye-vaigyaanik (oun) koo naamit karane kaa ack tarika jisane pahali baar naam prakaashit kiya thaa. prani vigyaan aur vanaspati vigyaan mein pradhikaran koo thode alag tarikon seey likhaa gayaa haye. aaee. see. jaid. aine". dwara shaasit naamon key liye upnaam aamtaur parr prakaashan kii tarikh (aamtaur parr kewal varsh) key saath puuraa likhaa jaataa haye. vaigyaanik naam key lekhak uddharan kaa ack udaaharan haih "amabela" mosler, 1880. "aaee. see. jaid. aine. anushansa kartaa haye kii" mool lekhak aur naam kii tarikh koo usa naam seey niroopit taxon seey sambandhit pratyek kaary mein cumm seey cumm ack baar uddhrit kiya jaanaa chaahiye."aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee.". dwara shaasit naamon key liye naam koo aam taur parr ack maanak sankshipt naam mein cumm curr diyaa jaataa haye aur tarikh koo hataa diyaa jaataa haye. antarrashtriya paadap naam soochkaank vanaspati lekhak sankshipt naamon kii ack anumodit soochi rakhta haye. aitihaasik roop seey, prani vigyaan mein bhee sankshipt shabdon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa.
jaba mool naam badala jaataa haye, ee.jee.prajaati koo ack alag vansh mein sthanantarit curr diyaa jaataa haye, donon code mool pradhikaran key aspas koshthak kaa upayog karate hain; "aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee" key liye usa vyakti kii bhee aavashyakta hoti haye jisane parivartan kiya thaa. aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee." mein, mool naam koo taba basionim kahaa jaataa haye. kuchh udaaharan -
anya shreniyaan.
jaisa kii yahaan varnit haye, dwipad namkaran, prajaatiyon key namkaran key liye ack pranali haye. antarnihit roop seey isamen vansh key namkaran key liye ack pranali shamil haye, kyonki prajaati key naam kaa pahala bhaag ack vansh naam haye. shreni key aadhar parr ack vargeekaran pranali mein vansh key star seey oopar aur prajaatiyon key star seey neeche key rank key namkaran key tareeke bhee hain. vansh (ee.) seey oopar rank.jee.parivaar, crum, varg) koo ack bhaag key naam praapt hotey hain, joe paaramparik roop seey trikoniya mein naheen likhe jaate hain. iss prakaar, gharelu gauraiya, "passer domesticus", passeridae parivaar seey sambandhit haye. parivaar key naam aam taur parr vansh key naamon parr adharit hotey hain, halanki upayog kiye jaane vaale anta prani vigyaan aur vanaspati vigyaan key beach bhinn hotey hain.
prajaatiyon key neeche kii shreni mein teen-bhaag vaale naam praapt hotey hain, joe paaramparik roop seey prajaatiyon key naamon kii tarah itailik mein likhe jaate hain. aaee. see. jaid. aine" aur "aaee. see. aine. aeye. aff. pee" key beach mahatvapurna antar hain. prani vigyaan mein, prajaati key neeche ekmatra shreni upa-prajaati haye aur naam kewal teen bhaagon (ack trikoniya) key roop mein likhaa gayaa haye. iss prakaar, olive-samarthit pipit kii upa-prajaati mein seey ack "anthus hodgesony dorizowski" haye. vanaspati vigyaan mein, prajaatiyon key neeche kaee shreniyaan hain aur haalaanki naam swayam teen bhaagon mein likhaa gayaa haye, ack "jodane vaalaa shabd" (naam kaa hissa naheen) rank dikhaane key liye aavashyak haye. iss prakaar, americi kaalaa bujurg "sambucus nigra" upa-haye. "canadensis"; iv-leaved cyclamen kaa safed-phool vaalaa roop "cyclamen hederifolium" aff haye. "albifluorum.

