
pope clement xi

pope clement xi (; 23 julaai 1649-19 march 1721), janm seey jiyovanni francico albani, 23 navambar 1700 seey march 1721 mein apani mrityu taka catholic church key pramukh aur pope raajyon key shaasak they.
clement xi kalaa aur vigyaan key sanrakshak they. way vatican pustakalaya key ack mahaan daataa bhee they; puraatatva mein unaki ruchi koo rome kii prachinta koo bachaane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. unhone abhiyaanon koo adhikrit kiya joe vibhinn pracheen isai lekhan koo phir seey khojane mein safal rahey aur roman catacomb kii khudai koo adhikrit kiya.
jeevani.
praarambhik jeevan.
giovanni franco albani kaa janm 1649 mein arbino mein albani parivaar mein huaa thaa, joe madhya itali mein albanian mool kaa ack pratishthit parivaar thaa. unaki maan elena moska (1630-1698) bergamask mool kii ack uchch-sthaayi italvi theen, joe pesaro key kuleen moska parivaar seey theen. unake pitaa carlo albani (1623-1684) ack patrician they. unaki maan kuchh hudd taka steckoli parivaar seey aaee theen, joe arbino key patrickian they, kuchh hudd taka giordani seey, joe pesaro key kuleen they. albani kaa mool naam laazi (laachi) thaa jise unhone apane mool kii yaad mein "albani" mein badal diyaa. francesco albani ney apane parivaar kii utpatti key sateek niptan kaa pataa lagaane key liye albania mein ack abhiyaan koo vitt poshit kiya. antim report mein, dou sabse sambhaavit sthaan joe unhein prastut kiye gaye they, way they lez key paas laa aur cook key paas laa, donon uttari albania mein they.
albani 1660 seey rome mein collegio romno mein shikshit they. vaha ack bahut hii kushal latinist bunn gaye aur cannon aur sivil low donon mein doctorate praapt kii. way una logon mein seey ack they joe sweeden kii raani christina kii akadami mein aksar aatey they. vaha pope alekjendar VIII key tahat ack pope paadari key roop mein kaam karega aur pope nirdosh xii dwara apostolic sanket key janmat sangrah key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. iss poore samay key dauran, unhone reeti, sabina aur orvito key rajyapal key roop mein bhee kaary kiya.
cardinal.
pope alekjendar VIII ney unake virodh key bavjood 1690 mein unhein cardinal mein padonnat kiya aur unhein aquiro mein saanta maria kaa cardinal-dicken banaaya, lekin baad mein unhone saine adriano all forno key "diaconia" aur baad mein, cardinal-paadari key roop mein, capit mein saine sylvestro key "titulus" key liye chunaa. isake baad unhein sitambar 1700 mein purohit key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa aur 6 octuber 1700 koo rome mein apana pahala saamoohik utsav manaaya gayaa.
pontificate.
pope kaa chunaav.
1700 mein pope masoom xii kii mrityu key baad, ack uttaradhikari chunane key liye ack sammelan kaa ayojan kiya gayaa thaa. albani koo ack shaantirakshak key roop mein apane kaushal key liye jaane jaane vaale ack achche rajanyik key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa aur isaliye 23 navambar 1700 koo sarvasammati seey pope chunaa gayaa thaa. vaha teen dinon key paramarsh key baad chunaav key liye sahmat hoe gaye.
asamanya roop seey, vartamaan pratha key drishtikon seey, unakaa chunaav ack pujari key roop mein unake niyukti key teen maheene key bheetar aur dou maheene key bheetar unhone apana pahala maas manaaya, halanki way pahale duss saal seey cardinal they. kuchh hichkichaahat key baad chunaav sweekaar karane key baad, unhein 30 navambar 1700 koo ack bishap niyukt kiya gayaa aur unhone "clement xi" kaa pontifical naam grahan kiya. cardinal protodecan benedetto purchy ney 8 disambar 1700 koo unhein taaj pahanaaya aur unhone 10 aprail 1701 koo sent johnn lateran key basilica koo apane kabje mein leey liya.
kriyaaen.
pontificate mein unake pravesh key turant baad, spanish uttaradhikar kaa yuddh chhid gayaa.
1703 mein pope clement xi ney uttari albania mein catholic bishapon key ack dharamsabha kaa adesh diyaa jisamen albanian dharmpranton key bheetar trent decree kii parishad key prachaar parr charcha kii gaee, sthaaniya logon key beach islam mein dharmaantaran koo rokaa gayaa aur una gupt-catholics key liye communion seey incar karane key liye samjhauta kiya gayaa joe baahari roop seey muslim vishvaas kaa daavaa karate they.
shuru mein vishva mamalon mein aspasht tatasthata rakhane key bavjood, clement xi koo baad mein charles, austriya key archduke, koo spen key raajaa key roop mein naamit karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa, kyonki shaahi senaa ney uttari itali key adhikansh hisse parr vijay praapt curr lii thee aur janwari 1709 mein rome koo hii dhamki dey rahee thee.
yuddh koo samaapt karane vaali utract kii sandhi seey, pope raajyon ney austriya key paksh mein farney duchy off parma aur piacenza parr apana aadhipatya khou diyaa, aur saath hii komachio bhee khou diyaa, joe pope raajyon kii pratishtha key liye ack jhataka thaa.
1713 mein clement xi ney jansenwadi pakhand key prasaar key jawab mein bail "unigenitus" jaari kiya. france mein bahut uthal-puthal hui, jahan dharamshastriya muddon key alawa, ack majboot gallican pravritti bunny rahee. bail, jise sent thomas key college mein ack paadari, gregorio seleri key yogdan key saath utpaadit kiya gayaa thaa, joe sant thomas aquinas key bhavishya key pontifical vishvavidyalaya, "angelicum", ney quesnell key karyon seey vidharmi 101 prastaavon koo nikalkar aur unhein asamvedansheel banaakar jansenism kii ninda kii, unhein jansenius key lekhan mein pahale seey hii ninda kiye gaye prastaavon key saath saar mein samaan ghoshit kiya.
kaee francisi church key sadasyon key pratirodh aur francisi "parliaments" dwara bail koo panjikrit karane seey incar karane key kaaran 18veen shatabdi key badey hisse mein vivaad hue. kyonki sthaaniya sarkaaron koo aadhikarik taur parr bail praapt naheen huaa thaa, yeh takniki roop seey una kshetron mein lagu naheen thaa-20 veen shatabdi seey pahale dhaarmik mamalon mein raajyon key hastakshep kaa ack udaaharan.
clement xi ney rome mein apane nivaas key liye bhugtan karke, palazzo muty, saath hii saath jheel albano key tata key paas ack grishmakaaleen ghar daan karke nirvaasit stuart rajkumar james fraansis edward stuart kaa samarthan kiya. unhone james key bete charles edward stuart kaa bhee bapatisma kiya.
pope key roop mein unake shasankal key dauran prasiddh "iliricum sacrum" koo commission kiya gayaa thaa, aur aaj yeh madhya yug key dauran balkan kshetra key mukhya sroton mein seey ack haye, jisamen 5,000 seey adhik prishthon koo jesuit daniel faralaati aur dome jacopo koleti dwara likhit kaee khandon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye.
clement jhee ney misra aur madhya poorv mein anya sthaanon seey siriyai mein isai pandulipiyon koo praapt karane key liye ack thhos prayaas kiya, jisase biblioteca apostolic vaitikana key siriyai karyon key sangrah kaa bahut vistaar huaa.
anya gatividhiyaan.
clement xi ney 1716 mein hamari lady off dha rosari key dawat koo roman sanskar key saarvbhaumik church taka badhaaya.
betification aur canonization.
clement xi ney ceslas odrovas (27 agast 1712), jekav warringes (29 disambar 1700), johnn off perugia (11 sitambar 1704), peregreen leziosi (11 sitambar 1702), peater off sasopherato (11 sitambar 1704), boonfiglio monaldi (1 disambar 1717), pope gregory x (8 julaai 1713) aur humbline off juli (1703) key panth kii pushti kii. unhone aupchaarik roop seey kaee vyaktiyon koo sammaanit kiyaah alexes falconiary, bartholomeu deagly emidei aur benedict delantella, (1 disambar 1717) aur johnn francis regis (24 maee 1716). unhone cysters theresa (20 maee 1705) aur sancha (10 maee 1705) koo bhee sammaanit kiya.
unhone 22 maee 1712 koo andreau avalino, bologna kii catherine, cantalis key felix aur pope payas vee, 27 janwari 1720 koo vinamrata, 1701 mein obagin key stephen aur 1702 mein lausen key boniface koo sant ghoshit kiya.
clement xi ney 8 farwari 1720 koo church key doctor key roop mein canterbury key sant anselm kaa naam diyaa, jisase unhein "doctor magnificus" ("shandar doctor") aur "doctor marianus" ("marian doctor") kii poorak upaadhiyan pradaan kii gaeen.
sanrachanaaen.
clement xi ney 15 samooh mein kull 70 cardinal banaae. vishesh roop seey, unaki apani rachana key dou cardinal they michel angelo dei konti, joe unake tatkaal uttaradhikari baney, pope nirdosh xiii, aur lorenzo coursini, joe baad mein pope clement xii baney. pope ney "pectore mein" aathh cardinal koo bhee naamit kiya, baad mein unake naam prakaashit kiye jinhone cardinal key roop mein unaki niyuktiyon koo maanya kiya.
apane pontificate key dauran, gabrille philippuchi ney apane cardinalate seey istifa dey diyaa jise pope ney 7 juuna 1706 koo sweekaar curr liya. clement xi ney 19 juuna 1709 koo cardinalate seey franco maria dee medisi kaa istifa bhee sweekaar curr liya.
cheeni sanskar vivaad.
clement xi kaa ack aur mahatvapurna nirnay cheeni sanskar vivaad key sambandh mein thaah jesuit missionaryon koo confucius yaa chean key samraton key poorvajon koo diye gaye sammaan mein bhaag lene seey manaa kiya gayaa thaa, jise clement xi ney "moortipoojak aur berber" key roop mein pahachaana thaa, aur anyajatiyon koo sulajhaae jaane key anurodh key tahat isai bhasha koo moortipoojak vichaaron key liye samaayojit karane key liye.
mrityu aur dafan.
clement jhee kii mrityu 19 march 1721 koo rome mein raat 12:45 baje hui aur unhein apane poorvavartiyon kii tarah ack alankrit makbare key bajaay sant peater key basilica key footpath mein dafnaya gayaa.
10 march koo, clement xi ney cysteran piyare francois laafito key bishap key saath lagbhag 11:00 parr ack baithak kii. jaba pope ney bishap seey mulakat kii, tou unhone kahaa kii unakaa samay karib aaa rhaa haye aur lafito key virodh key bavjood vaha jald hii marr jaayenge. 14 march koo, clement zee beemar hoe gaye, jabaki laafitaau pope key bhatije koo pope koo francisi pratham mantri guillem dubois kaa naam cardinalate key naam parr rakhane key liye manaane kii koshish curr rhaa thaa. haalaanki, clement xi pralaap kii sthiti mein thaa aur usaki daleelon key prati uttardaayi naheen thaa. 16 march, quadragasima ravivaar koo, pope ney sevaaon mein bhaag naheen liya, haalaanki, vichitra mahal mein apane niji chappel mein saamoohik roop seey manaaya. usa dinn unhone dawa lii lekin unake vaksh mein dard huaa aur unake kamaron mein thhandi havaa seey saans lene mein pareshani hui.
agale dinn, clement jhee ney vibhinn paadari sabhaon seey milane seey pahale apane niji chappel mein saamoohik utsav manaaya, jisamen ravena geronimo chrispy key archbishop shamil they. haalaanki, dopahar key aspas, unhein achaanak ack asadharan thhand lugg gaee, jisake saath ack bahut hii tej bukhaar thaa, jisane unhein turant apane bistar parr jaane key liye majboor curr diyaa, aur usa shaam pope ney bhojan karane seey incar curr diyaa. unaki naadi asadharan roop seey dheemi thee aur unhone ack gaadha taral bhee khaa liya joe khoon seey bharaa huaa thaa. usa raat soney mein asamarth honey parr unakaa bukhaar kuchh cumm hoe gayaa. lekin agale dinn unakaa bukhaar bahut adhik hinsak roop seey lautata dekhaa gayaa, aur unaki naadi aniyamit thee. thook jhaag seey bharaa huaa thaa, ack baar phir khoon seey, yeh darshaata haye kii usake fefadon mein kuchh gadbad thee, jisase usake doctors koo ehsas huaa kii usaki sthiti sambhavatah ghaatak saabit hogi. clement jhee ney raat 8 baje pavitra biradari praapt karane seey pahale apana sweekaarokti aur vishvaas kaa pesha kiya. dhong karane vaale" james francis edward stuart ney marate hue pope koo dekhane kii koshish kii, haalaanki pope kii khatarnak sthiti key aadhar parr unhein aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. usa raat, pope sacristan aur porpherio key bishap, nicolo agostino deagly abati oliveri, porpherio key bishap ney charam ekikaran kaa prashaasan kiya.
19 march koo, bukhaar hinsak roop seey laut aaya, aur clement xi dheere-dheere bolane kii apani kshamata khou baithaa kyonki usaki aankho parr baadal chhaa gaye aur uska shwasan dheere-dheere cumm hoe gayaa kyonki pope kii dopahar key baad hii mrityu hoe gaee.
samkaaleen prabhaav.
apani pustak "journal off aeye soul" mein, jaba vaha doosari vatican parishad kii taiyari curr rahey they, pope johnn xxiii ney prarthana karane kaa sankalp liya aur dusaron koo isaki atyadhik sifarish kii.
nirmaan gatividhi aur sanrakshan.
pope clement jhee ney saanta maria deagly angelli ee dei martyri key church mein ack prasiddh sundial jodaa thaa aur panthion key saamane piaza della rotonda mein ack obelisk banaaya thaa, aur 19 veen shatabdi key anta mein sunder porto deepeta, joe kii tiber nadee parr banaaya gayaa thaa, koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
unhone ack samiti kii sthaapana kii, jisaki dekhrekh unake pasandida kalakaron, carlo maratta aur carlo fontana ney kii, taaki letrano mein saine giovanni kii sajawat koo puuraa karane key liye preriton kii pratimaon koo niyukt kiya jaa sakey. unhone shivir mein chitrakala aur murtikala kii ack akadami kii bhee sthaapana kii.
unhone kaee praachya kodis key saath vatican pustakalaya koo bhee samriddh kiya aur roman catacomb mein pahali puraataatvik khudai koo apana sanrakshan diyaa. apane mool shahari mein unhone kaee imaraton koo punarsthaapit kiya aur ack saarvajanik pustakalaya kii sthaapana kii.

