
iwasawa samooh

ganit mein, ack samooh koo iwasawa samooh, aim-samooh yaa modular samooh kahaa jaataa haye yadi upsamuhon kaa jaali modular haye. vaikalpik roop seey, ack samooh "jee" koo ack iwasawa samooh kahaa jaataa haye jaba "jee" kaa pratyek upsamooh "jee" mein kramparivartaniya hotaa haye.
 yeh saabit kiya kii "pee"-samooh "jee" ack iwasawa samooh haye yadi aur kewal tabhi jaba nimnalikhit mamalon mein seey ack hotaa haih
iwasawa key pramaan mein aavashyak antaral maanaa gayaa thaa, jinhen franco napolitani aur zvonimir jaanko dwara bharaa gayaa thaa. apani paathyapustak mein vibhinn panktiyon key saath ack vaikalpik pramaan pradaan kiya haye. schmitt key pramaan key hisse key roop mein, vaha saabit karate hain kii ack seemit "pee"-samooh ack modular samooh haye yadi aur kewal tabhi jaba pratyek upsamooh kramparivartaniya hoe.
ack parimit "pee"-samooh kaa pratyek upsamooh avyakhyatmak hotaa haye, aur way parimit samooh jinamen avyakhyamta aur kramparivartansheelata mell khaate hain, unhein peaty-samooh kahaa jaataa haye. dusare shabdon mein, ack seemit "pee"-samooh ack iwasawa samooh haye yadi aur kewal tabhi jaba yeh ack peaty-samooh hoe.
udaaharan.
crum 16 kaa iwasawa samooh crum 16 key modular adhikatam-chakreeya samooh key liye samroop haye.
aage padhein.
parimit aur anant aim-samooh donon koo paathyapustak key roop mein prastut kiya jaataa haye. aadhunik adhyayan mein shamil hain.