
carnia

carnia (yaa sthaaniya roopon mein "sizargana"/"sizargno",,) freuli key poorvottar italvi kshetra mein ack aitihaasik-bhaugolik kshetra haye. isaki 27 nagarpaalikaaen sabhi udin praant seey sambandhit hain, joe swayam swaayatt freuli-venezia giulia kshetra kaa hissa haye.
itihas.
iss kshetra kaa naam, padosi carinthia aur carniola (aur sambhavatah kraas yaa carso bhee) kii tarah, shayed carney seey liya gayaa haye, joe ack celtic janjaati thee joe sadiyon seey raain aur denube nadiyon key beach upajaau maidanon mein rahati thee, jahaan anya celtic loga rahate they. 400 eesaa poorv seey shuru hocker, jansankhyikiya vikas aur german logon key dabaav ney dakshin kii or ack pravaasi baadh kii utpatti kii. carney ney placan darre key madhyam seey alps koo paar kiya aur usa kshetra mein buss gaye jise aajkal carnia naam diyaa gayaa haye aur freuli key peedmont kshetra mein. way shikaar aur prajanan kaa abhyaas karate they. kathin sardiyon key dauran charvaahe apane maveshiyon key saath maidanon mein jaate they. way kushal loha aur lakadi key nirmaata bhee they. carney kaa netritva ack raajaa aur ack pavitra jaati key drude karate they.
pracheen kaal.
carney key aagaman seey sambandhit pahali aitihaasik tithi 186 eesaa poorv haye, jaba sashastr purushon, mahilaaon aur bachchon seey bunny lagbhag 50,000 carney maidanon kii or utarin (jisamen way pahale sardiyon mein upayog karate they) aur ack pahaadi parr unhone ack sthir rakshaatmak basti, "akileja" kii sthaapana kii. 183 eesaa poorv mein iss logon key vistaar seey chintit romanon ney carney koo pahaadon parr vaapas jaane key liye majboor kiya, unhone apani basti koo nasht curr diyaa aur unhone uttar-poorv seemaon parr ack rakshaatmak basti kii sthaapana kii. naee basti kaa naam aquilia rakhaa gayaa thaa, poorv celtic naam akileja key naam parr. usa basti kii sthaapana karane vaale trayi-veer they publius sipiyo nasika, kaiyas flaminius aur lucius manlius acidinus.
roman vistaar koo rokane aur upajaau aur adhik aatithyashil maidanon koo praapt karane key liye, carney ney histrian, eapod aur torrisi selt key saath gathbandhan karane kii koshish kii. rome, badale mein, carney seey aaney vaale aasann khatare key baare mein adhik seey adhik jagrook hoe rhaa thaa aur jaise-jaise yeh apane swayam key vistaar mein teji laana chaahata thaa, isane uttar-poorv mein vanijya doot marcus emilius scorrus key sainikon koo bheja, jinhone antatah 15 navambar 115 eesaa poorv kii ladaai mein carney koo haraaya.
baad mein, carney, joe ack vinamra swabhaav kii visheshta thee aur joe yuddh mein parajit hoe gayaa thaa, rome key adheen hoe gayaa, apani aagyaon aur isaki riyaayaton koo sweekaar karate hue. agali shataabdiyon key dauran, carney aur roman reeti-rivaaj aur rakt mishrit hoe jaayenge aur dou gahari alag-alag sanskritiyon kaa yeh sangh dheere-dheere ack nae logon, aquilles yaa freulan logon koo janm dega. donon bhaashaon key mishran seey freulian bhasha kaa uday hoga. iss beach aquilia ney apane mahatva koo badhaaya. yeh 90 eesaa poorv mein ack nagarpalika romanam bunn gayaa; yeh ack mahatvapurna vaanijyik aur hastshilp utpaadan kendra thaa. yeh adriatic samudra parr mukhya bandargah aur ack sainya chauki basti bhee thee.
madhya yug.
roman samrajya key patan aur pravaas avadhi key baad, iss kshetra koo mahaan devtaon key adheen german shuturmurgon parr aakraman karke aur baad mein lombards dwara vash mein curr liya gayaa, jinhone ise apane italvi raajya key hisse freuli key duchy mein shamil curr liya. nikatvarti karantania key saath, carnia koo sharleman key 774 abhiyaan mein spasht balon dwara jeet liya gayaa thaa. freulian duke, hroadgoud key uttaradhikari (dee. 776), 828 mein samrat luis dwara pavitra key duke baldrick key padasthaapan taka carolingian jagirdaron key roop mein shasson karna jaari rakhaa, jaba yeh antatah ack carolingian march bunn gayaa. vardan kii 843 kii sandhi mein, carnic alps kii mukhya shrinkhala key dakshin kshetra koo samrat lothair I ("madhya francia") key kshetra key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya gayaa thaa, yeh unake sabse badey bete, itali key raajaa lui II koo 855 mein viraasat mein milaa thaa.
jaba 888 mein freuli key margrave berenger pratham koo itali key raajaa kaa taaj pahanaaya gayaa, tou unhone apane nivaas koo verona mein sthanantarit curr diyaa aur badey italvi "marca veronensis aitt aquiliansis" kii sthaapana kii, jisamen carnia, venetto (venis koo chhodkar) aur trentino key saath freuli shamil thaa. 951 mein itali key raajaa berenger dwiteeya koo germany key raajaa otto pratham kii aakramankari senaaon key khilaf hathiyar rakhna padaa. augusberg key 952 shaahi aahar mein, unhein khud koo ack purvi frankish jagirdar ghoshit karna padaa, aur puuraa veroni march bavaria key german stame duchy key shasson key tahat aaya. 976 mein yeh carinthia key nava sthaapit duchy kaa hissa bunn gayaa.
carnia aur carinthia phir seey alag-alag raaste chaley gaye, jaba 1077 mein pope gregory VII key saath nivesh vivaad key dauran germany key raajaa heinry IV ney ack shaahi raajya key roop mein aquilia key pitrisatta koo sthaapit karane key liye freuli key badey hisson koo vibhajit curr diyaa. jaise hii pitrisatta koo dheere-dheere venis ganarajya dwara jeet liya gayaa thaa, carnia 1420 taka pavitra roman samrajya seey vanician "domini dee terreforma" mein chalaa gayaa thaa.
bhasha.
italvi aadhikarik bhasha haye. phir bhee, freulian, ack reto-romans bhasha, vyaapak roop seey bolly jaati haye. german dakshini bavarian bolly sauri ("zahare"), paluza-timau ("tishalwang") aur sappada ("ploden") key bhashai antahkshetron mein bolly jaati haye, jaisa kii venetto (saat samudaay, terah samudaay) aur trentino (lucerna aur mocheni ghaati) key padosi kshetron mein bolly jaati haye.
bhugol.
carnia carnic alps kii mukhya shrinkhala key dakshin mein, udain praant key uttar-paschim mein sthit haye; yeh uttar mein austriya aur paschim mein italvi venetto kshetra seey ghiraa huaa haye. dakshin mein yeh pordenone praant kii seema seey lagata haye aur poorv mein nahar dell ferro-valcanal (ferro-valcanal outfall) ise udain praant key madhya aur dakshini bhaag seey alag kartaa haye. yeh kshetra praant key pahaadi kshetra key paschimi bhaag koo cover kartaa haye, lekin purvi bhaag (juuliyan alps) koo naheen, isaliye yeh venetto aur austriyai raajya carinthia kii seema seey lagata haye, lekin slovenia koo naheen. mukhya shahar tolmezo haye.
ghaatiyan.
carnia saat ghaatiyon seey banaa haye. unamen seey pratyek key madhyam seey ack dhaara bahati haye jisase ghaatiyan apana naam letee hain (walcalda koo chhodkar). inn ghaatiyon mein seey pratyek koo aamtaur parr "kanale" (italvi mein)/"czanâl" (freulian mein), i key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.ee. ack "patan", isake lambe aur sankeern aakar parr jore dene key liyeh
inn ghaatiyon mein seey pratyek aur unaki samaan naam kii dhaaraaen ack aam ghaati key tala mein milati hain jahan carnia kaa mukhya kendra sthit haih tolmezo
nagarpaalikaaen.
nimnalikhit carnia kii 27 nagarpaalikaaen hain (italvi naam key baad, freulian ack uddhrit kiya gayaa haye):
pahaad.
carnia key pahaad vibhinn bhoovaigyaanik belton seey baney hain. way teen alag-alag prakaar kii chattanon seey baney hainh choona patthar, dolomite aur flint.
carnia carnic alps kii dakshini dhalaan seey faila huaa haye, joe passo dee monte cross dee comelico seey cella dee camporoso taka faila huaa haye, jahan alpi giuli shuru hoti haye aur (italvi paksh parr) fela aur oopari isonjo nadiyon key beach, aur nikatvarti carnic prealps key beach badhati haye. carnic riz key uttar kii or austriya key saath seema nirdhaarit hoti haye; dakshin mein yeh pontebana dhaara dwara aur ponteba key oopari hisse mein, fela key pravaah dwara seemankit haye. mount kaglian (aim. 2780) carnic alps kii sabse oonchi choti haye. creta delle genevate key samooh key saath yeh austriyai seema parr ack prabhaavshaali horst banaata haye. carnia kii anya mukhya chotiyaan hainh
nadiyaan.
sabse mahatvapurna nadee tagalimento haye, joe 1,195 meater kii oonchaai parr mauria darre (lorenzago dee cador kii nagarpalika mein) key paas bahati haye. poore carnia mein apane lambe raaste key saath, tagalimento nadee 6 sahayak nadiyon seey paani praapt karati haye, joe sabhi isake sambandh mein baain or seey aatee hainh butt, degano, lumiye, pesrina, chiaro aur monai, joe una ghaatiyon kaa naam haye jinamen way sthit hain.
vanaspati.
vann badey hain aur jyaadaatar devdaar, beach aur larch seey baney hain. charagah mukhya roop seey uchch oonchaai parr, dhoop vaali dhalanon parr sthit hain joe krishi key liye upayukt naheen hain.
carnia mein 2,000 sabji prajaatiyan, lagbhag ack hazaar prakaar key mashroom aur kuchh pachas prakaar key orchid ugaaye jaate hain.
carnia mein vanaspati oonchaai key saath badalati haye. 400-500 meater kii oonchaai taka dermast aur chestnut vann aur kuchh upa-mausami kheti kshetra hain, lekin bahut jald unake baad unhein pahaadi vanaspatiyon dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye, joe jangalon kii vishishtatah beachwood, devdaar kii lakadi aur pine-lakadi. 1, 500 meater seey oopar, vrikshon kii vanaspati kaafee kharaab hoe jaati haye, aur pedh adhik seey adhik viral, chhote aur pedh kii rekha taka avikasit hoe jaate hain, joe carnia mein 1,700 meater parr khadaa hotaa haye-alpine kshetron mein sabse cumm, kewal jhaadiyan aur panna-haraa charagah paae jaa sakate hain.
vasant key anta mein uchch bhoomi charagahon parr, jangli azalia aur gair-yahudi logon kaa ack rangeen pradarshan dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
jalavaayu.
jalavaayu gambhir haye, bahut kathor sardiyon aur thhandi garmiyon key saath. isaki visheshta tej havaayen aur prachur varsha haye. carnia mein alps key anya kshetron kii tulanaa mein vriksh rekha lagbhag 400-500 m cumm haye. udaaharan key liye, jabaki paschimi alps mein vanaspati 2,300 meater seey oopar badhana bund hoe jaati haye, carnia mein yeh pahale seey hii 1,900 meater kii oonchaai parr haye. yeh nimn vanaspati seema thermal vyutkram key kaaran haye, joe uttar-poorv ("burano" havaa) seey thhandi havaa key nirantar bahirvaah key kaaran hoti haye, joe denube maidanon aur yahaan taka kii cyberia seey bhee iss kshetra mein pahunchati haye.
sanrakshit kshetra.
carnia mein nimnalikhit kshetron koo sanrakshit ghoshit kiya gayaa haih

