volvo 440/460

volvo 440 aur 460 juuna 1988 aur sitambar 1996 key beach swedish nirmaata volvo dwara utpaadit ack chhoti parivarik kaar key sanskaran hain. 440 ack paanch-darwaaje vaali hatchback thee aur 460 ack chaar-darwaaje vaalaa sailoon thaa joe 1989 mein aaya thaa. way janm, neetherland mein nedkar karkhane mein banaae gaye they aur kewal front-wheel drive key saath pesh kiye gaye they.
unhone pahale key volvo 480 koop key saath kaee ghatakon koo saajha kiya, jisamen floorpan, saamane aur peechhe kaa nilamban, renault seey injan, prasaran aur breaking system shamil hain.
design aur style.
volvo 440/460 shrinkhala model koo neeche volvo key badey sailoon aur estate kaaron mein fitt honey key liye design kiya gayaa thaa, taaki fordi siera kii pasand key saath pratispardha karane key liye 340/360 shrinkhala key pratisthaapan key roop mein.
galaxy pariyojana" key hisse key roop mein 1978 mein mein kaa vikas shuru huaa, joe 300-aur 200-shrinkhala koo badalane key liye front-wheel drive kaaron kii dou panktiyaan banaana thaa. chhoti line koo thaa kahaa jaataa thaa, jabaki badee badee koo nayaa volvo 850 banana thaa. pahala thaa khachchar, jise zaan willsgard dwara design kiya gayaa thaa aur jise jise kahaa jaataa thaa, sitambar 1980 mein puuraa kiya gayaa thaa aur kaafee hudd taka taiyar volvo 440 key samaan dikhta thaa. thaa pariyojana koo teen shaakhaon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, thaa3 480, thaa4 460 aur thaa5 440 bunn gayaa thaa. 1982 mein, poori pariyojana volvo dwara volvo kaar bee koo betch dee gaee thee.vee. neatherlands mein (daaf kii uttaradhikari company), jinhone 480 koop sanskaran parr kaam shuru kiya. jaisa kii volvo kii parampara thee, kaaron kii ack naee shrinkhala hamesha sabse mahange aur sabse cumm bikane vaale model key saath pesh kii gaee thee, jisase volvo koo matra utpaadan shuru karane seey pahale kissy bhee samasya koo door karane mein madad milati thee.
480 key utpaadan key pahale varsh mein bahut saaree samasyaaen theen, aur dutch karyalaya key paas thaa5 (440) koo puuraa karane key liye maanav shakti naheen thee. iss prakaar bahut saaraa kaam dou angreji companiyon koo upa-anubandhit kiya gayaa thaa. pariyojana koo neetherland mein sthanantarit kiya jaa rhaa thaa, phir aanshik roop seey ingland mein sthanantarit kiya gayaa, aur 480 key pareshan garbhadhaaran aur praarambhik utpaadan seey aage roque diyaa gayaa, 440 koo pesh kiye jaane key samay taka dekhaa gayaa. jabaki vaastavik design kaa shreya peater vaine kuilenberg koo diyaa jaataa haye, gothenberg ney bahut saare design praavdhaan rakhe they kyonki yeh company key liye ack matra utpaad honah thaa, aur antim parinam willsgard key 1980 key design key samaan dikhaai diyaa. badey 240 aur 740 vaiganon key saath seedhe pratispardha karane seey bachane key liye kabhi bhee station vaigan kii peshkash naheen kii gaee thee. isane swatantra aapurtikartaon aeye. aiss. see. aur heulies koo station vaigan model design karane aur unhein volvo koo prastut karane seey naheen rokaa, jabaki dutch company tankaar ney ack boult-onn roopaantaran becha jisane 440 key telgate koo ack aid-onn station vaigan sanrachana key saath badal diyaa.
pahali peedhi kii 400 shrinkhala kii kaaren 940 seey milati-julati hain, jabaki bikri badhaane key liye nayaa udaaharan volvo 850 seey milata-julata haye. 400-shrinkhala sanskaranon key andaruni bhaagon koo prasiddh british volvo designer peater horberry dwara design kiya gayaa thaa.
suraksha.
suraksha hamesha volvo key liye praathamik mahatva kaa mudda rhaa haye, jinhone poore kaar udyog mein vyaapak roop seey apnai gaee kaee visheshtaon koo vikasit kiya haye. yatri aur saamane key chaalak donon key liye atirikt airbag kii sahaayata seey pichhali 300 shrinkhalaon seey 400 shrinkhala kaaron key design mein crumple zone koo aage badhaaya gayaa thaa.
anya suraksha vastuon mein ack uchch stariya break light shamil thee; ack 'bulb blow' chetavani pranali; 'darwaja khula' chetavani prakaash; pretensioner key saath samayojya seat belt aur ack seatbelt anusmaarak/chetavani prakaashah joe sabhi sabhi renz mein sabhi models parr maanak key roop mein aae they.
1993 seey side impact protection system (yaa sips) kii shuruat key saath models parr suraksha mein aur sudhaar kiya gayaa. yeh usa samay lagbhag ansuna thaa, aur sabhi aadhunik volvo kaaron parr upayog kii jaane vaali sip pranali key agradoot dwara (phir seey maanak key roop mein) pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. united kingdam model mein dinn mein chalane vaali roshni bhee maanak key roop mein shamil thee, halanki inhen malik key anurodh parr vikreta dwara aksham kiya jaa sakata thaa.
400 renz key liye mool vigyaapan abhiyaan rahane vaale kii suraksha parr kendrit thaa. kuchh manjilon parr ack plate glass offices kii khidki seey kaar chalaane key baad crashes test dummy kaa ack parivaar 'jeevit' dikhaai diyaa. isake alawa vibhinn anya paridrishyon mein durghatanaon kaa anukaran kiya gayaa, joe sabhi parivaar key apekshaakrit binaa kissy nuksan key chaley jaane key saath samaapt hue-kewal aage key durghatana parikshanon mein phir seey upayog kiya jaanaa thaa.
nirantar parivartaniya sancharan (see. vee. tii.) vikalp.
launch key samay, volvo ney chaar-speed jdf paaramparik shally swachaalit sancharan kii peshkash karane kaa faisala kiya, bhale hii unhone kuchh aur saal bitaaye, daaf-vyutpann lagaatar parivartaniya sancharan (see. vee. tii.) koo phir seey design karane mein, volvo 340 mein upayog kiye jaane vaale injanon kii tulanaa mein adhik toqa key saath kaam karane key liye. iss prakaar swachaalit 440/460 aiss. key adhikansh mein paaramparik chaar-speed swachaalit thaa.
see. vee. tii. sancharan, jaisa kii pichhali peedhi key aaee. dee. 1. shrinkhala mein fitt kiya gayaa thaa, steel belt kaa upayog kiya gayaa (300 shrinkhala mein upayog kiye jaane vaale rubber belt key vipareet) aur ise transmatic key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, halanki iss auto boxes seey lais kaaron kaa vipanan "aich. tii. aeye" ("hyee tech auto" key liye chhota) kiya gayaa thaa.
transmatic apane nirmaan mein bahut bhinn hotaa haye, aur vistaarit puliyon mein chalane vaale belt key mool see. vee. tii. siddhant key alawa, isamen pahale kii 300 shrinkhala mein upayog kiye jaane vaale "variomatic" see. vee. tii. key saath kuchh bhee samaantaa naheen haye.
jabaki variomatic system poori tarah seey kaar key peechhe key tatvon key sampark mein thaa aur sookhe rubber belt kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, transmatic koo kaar key saamane anuprasth roop seey lagaaya gayaa thaa, aur ack seelband gearbox aavaran key bheetar tail mein chalane vaale steel belt koo chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. baad key see. vee. tii. prasaran (jaise kii audie key multitronic) ney iss vinyas kaa upayog karna jaari rakhaa haye.
aich. tii. aeye. gearbox kaa upayog baad mein rover key metro punah design kiye gaye model (pichhali peedhi) mein kiya gayaa thaa aur isamen "vee. tii.-1" model ghatak sankhya hoti haye.
maanak vinirdesh.
440 aur 460 key adhikansh models key vinirdesh samaan moolya vaale vikalpon kii tulanaa mein apekshaakrit adhik they. vikalpon kii soochi mein shamil 'maanak' key roop mein kaar key poore jivankal mein niyamit roop seey badhata aur badalata rhaa, joe desh-darr-desh alag hotaa rhaa aur baad mein trim star key anusaar bhee alag-alag hotaa rhaa. isake alawa, vibhinn 'vishesh sanskaranon' koo bhee anya sabhi models parr maanak key roop mein paae jaane vaale upkaranon seey alag upkaranon key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa; jisase koee bhee samanya tulanaa karna mushkil hoe gayaa.
germ saamane kii seeten poori renz mein paaee gaeen, jaisa kii paanch gati gearbox thaa; poorv tanaav key saath samaayojit seatbelt; dou tihai vibhajit peechhe kii seeten; prakaash key saath lock karane yogya dastaane; aur boot aur aishatre light.
baad key model mein maanak key roop mein soochibaddh vikalpon mein anty-lock break (aeye. bee. aiss.); karshan niyantran; saamane kii dhundh kii roshni; peechhe key yaatriyon key liye alag-alag padhane kii roshni (peechhe key hathaudon mein sthit aur chalaki seey chaalak key drishya seey dhaki hui); radio/casset player jisamen chhah uchch nishtha vaale blapank stereo speaker hain; rangdar yuu. vee. avaruddh khidakiyan; maanchitra padhane vaali roshni; snaatak soorya drishya; swa-samarthan (proplace) bonat; peechhe kii khidki dhone/ponchhane; cutty samarthan; bijli kii khidakiyan/darpan; germ pankh darpan; kendriya taalaa; tachometer. sabhi models parr driver key kansol mein chetavani roshni, ack reostate aur ack lambda sensor monitor kii ack shrinkhala thee.
aaee. dee. 1. kii dou peedhiyaan theenh 1994 model varsh key liye 1993 key sharad ritu mein mool model koo nae model ney badal diyaa. badlaavon mein ack nayaa bonat aur naak, nae peechhe key prakaash samooh, shareer key rung key bumper, ack alag grill aur injan key kaee nae vikalp, vishishtata shamil they. star aur upkaran. parivartanon ney kaaron koo bahut safal volvo 850 model seey adhik nikatata seey milata-julata banaa diyaa.
injan.
440 aur 460 donon mein launch key samay ack 1.7 leater reynolt injan thaa, jise volvo 300 shrinkhala seey leey jaaya gayaa thaa; yeh 1988 aur 1992 key beach dou alag-alag sanskaranon mein ack carburator (aur aur aur 130 nm key saath), dou alag-alag sanskaranon mein bahu-bindu eendhan injection (aur yaa aur) praarambhik glt model mein aur bahu-bindu eendhan injection aur intercular key saath ack turbocharger key saath upalabdh thaa.
maanak 1,721 cc bijli sanyantra kaa utpaadan aur isaki daavaa kii gaee sheersh gati, joe apane kuchh samkaaleen samkakshon, jaise kii wolkswagen passet aur opel vectra seey mamuli roop seey behtar thee, kyonki unake 1.8 leater injanon mein kewal 90 bhp thaa. turbocharged sanskaran kii peshkash kii gaee, aur isaki sheersh gati kaa daavaa kiya gayaa. iss tarah key pradarshan ney ise uchch anta 1.8 leater injanon key barabar curr diyaa, jaise kii bmw 318 yaa 518 samay key, aur anya samkaaleen 2 leater injanon key pradarshan key barabar curr diyaa.
1992 seey, prastaavit injan kaafee alag they, jisamen abb 1.0 (), 1.8 (), aur 2.0 () praakritik roop seey aspirated petrol injan shamil hain, isake alawa 1.0 meater kii seema mein paae jaane vaale 1.0 leater turbo vikalp bhee shamil hain. 1.6 bahu bindu eendhan injection seey lais thaa; 1.8 injan mein ekal bindu injection thaa, aur 2.0 ekal bindu aur bahu bindu injection ikaaiyon key vikalp key saath aaya thaa, puraane 1.7 turbocharged sanskaran mein halanki adhik shakti thee.
1994 seey, injan thode adhik shaktishali hoe gaye. deejal sanskaran bhee upalabdh hoe gaeh ack 1.9 leater reynolt turbodiesel vikalp (89 bhp) kii peshkash kii gaee thee, jise yaa tou teady yaa turbo deejal key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa, joe iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii kaar kiss europeeya bajar mein bechi gaee thee. volvo ney ack seemit bajar 1.8 aich. tii. aeye., "uchch takneek auto" bhee jaari kiya, jisamen ack bahut behtar vidyut belt sahaayata praapt see. vee. tii. auto sancharan kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh alpakaalik thaa aur kaee model jeevit naheen rahey.
trim star.
shuruati kaaren ell, jee. ell., jee. ell. ee., jee. ell. ee., jee. ell. tii. aur turbo trims mein upalabdh theen. ell aur gla trim star buniyaadi thaa; gla alishan thaa aur gla model key saath ell model parr nishchit ack tukade kii peechhe kii bench kii tulanaa mein atirikt vibhajit seeton kii peshkash kii gaee thee; aur glitt 'lakjari' trim star thaa. glt aur turbo baahari roop seey samaan they, donon mein cumm khel nilamban aur ack badaa peechhe kaa spoiler thaa. anya trim staron koo dheere-dheere charanbaddh kiya gayaa, jaise kii seemit sanskaran aiss. aaee. aur aiks. aaee., aur turbo baad mein ack poorna trim sanskaran key bajaay buss ack injan sanskaran bunn gayaa.
1992 seey, yeh seema dedh saal key liye samaan thee. 1994 key nae roop key parinamswarup, seema mein bhaari badalaav aaya. abb trim star theh aadhar, aiss (joe ack "parivaar" sanskaran key roop mein abhipret thaa), see (ack "khel" sanskaran key roop mein abhipret), seey ("vyavasaay" sanskaran), glt ("pradarshan" sanskaran) aur cd ("vilasita" sanskaran) trims. ack lii model bhee 1994 mein dikhaai diyaa, jisamen power steering (aur, baad key model parr, ack sunroof) key saath aadhar vishishtata kii peshkash kii gaee.
cumm seey cumm 1995 key baad seey, sabhi injan vikalp sabhi trim staron key saath upalabdh they.
baad key aiss. aaee. model aur sabhi jee. ell. tii. model aasaani seey baaki renz seey alag they, kyonki khel nilamban (kaar kii sawari koo cumm dikhaata haye) aur ack badey peechhe key spoiler key kaaran. halanki, glt kaa vinirdesh maanak upkaran key roop mein hisse key chamade key asbab, mishra dhaatu key pahiyon, aeye. bee. aiss., karshan niyantran aur ack unnat stereo pranali kii visheshta mein kaafee adhik thaa.
seey bhee thodaa adhik vishisht thaa, jisamen ack chhota saa pichla spoiler thaa jise isane kewal seemit sanskaran es paik model key saath saajha kiya thaa. 1995 key anta seey kissy bhee injan sanskaran kii kaaron mein ee. aiss. paik koo jodaa jaa sakata thaa. isamen chhote spoiler aur ack unnat stereo ikai key alawa khel nilamban, 15 "mishra dhaatu key pahiye, dhaatu kaa rung, darwaaje key sill decal, bijli kii saamane kii khidakiyan, bijli seey germ darpan, saamane aur peechhe key armerest, abbs aur sthir yantra shamil they.
aiss model bhee ullekhaniya thaa, jisamen kaar kii pichhali seat mein dou foldout child booster seeten ekikrit theen, dashboard mein ack dustbin aur peechhe key headrest shamil they. haalaanki sabhi 300 shrinkhalaon key vipareet, 440 mein, anta mein peechhe kii seeton mein vibhajan kiya gayaa thaa, halanki kewal buniyaadi models mein vibhajan kii kamee thee.
baad kii sabhi kaaron kaa vinirdesh uchch thaa, jisamen kaee mein vatanukoolan kii suvidha thee-vishesh roop seey 1995 mein united kingdam mein volvo dwara sanchaalit ack vishesh prastaav key parinamswarup, jahaan air conditioning key paksh mein kaar key vinirdesh seey maanak electric glass sunroof koo £100 ney hataa diyaa aur 15 "mishra dhaatu key pahiye, joe kii volvo 850 cd model key samaan hain, halanki nichale-profile tyres key saath-remot central locking, electric areal, electric vindo, electric door mirror aur germ saamane kii seeten.
1996 kii garmiyon key anta mein utpaadan bund honey seey pahale line upp koo cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa (udaaharan key liye, aiss. aaee. aur jee. ell. tii. model koo jee. aiss. dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen aiss. aaee. key sabhi upkaran aur kuchh jee. ell. tii. they, jaise kii abbs), jaba volvo volvo, jisane apane munch koo mitsubishi karishma key saath saajha kiya, ney 440/460 shrinkhala koo badal diyaa.

