
iosif grigulevic

eosif romauldovic grigulevic (5 maee, 1913-2 juuna, 1988) 1937 aur 1953 key beach sakriya ack soviyat gupt pulis (aine. key. vee. dee.) operative thaa, jaba usane communist aur bolshevik vyaktiyon key khilaf hatyaa kii sajish mein bhoomika nibhai thee joe joseph stallin key prati wafadar naheen they. isamen spanish grihyuddh key dauran daavaa kiye gaye aur vaastavik trotskeevadiyon kii hatyaaen shamil theen, jinamen andru ninn perez bhee shamil thaa, aur mexico mein leone trotsky key khilaf praarambhik, asafal hatyaa kaa prayaas shamil thaa.
teodoro bee kii jhoothi pehchaan key tahat. rome mein rahane vaale ack ameer costa rican pravaasi, castro, grigulevic ney itali aur yugoslavia (1952-1954) donon mein costa rica key rajdoot key roop mein kaary kiya. unakaa mission yugoslav netaa josip broze tito kii hatyaa karna thaa, lekin 1953 mein stallin kii mrityu key baad mission koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. grigulevic taba masco mein buss gaye, jahan unhone lattin america key itihas aur roman catholic church parr ack visheshagya key roop mein kaam kiya.
way soviyat vigyaan akadami key sadasya they, unhone "obschestweney nauki aaee soveremenost" ("soshal sciences tude") patrika key pradhaan sampaadak key roop mein kaary kiya, aur lattin americi vishayon key baare mein kaee pustaken aur lekh prakaashit kiye.
praarambhik jeevan.
grigulevic kaa janm vilnius, russie samrajya (vartamaan lithuania) mein, ack aparaadhi carites key parivaar mein huaa thaa. unake maataa-pitaa jaba way chhote they taba argentine chaley gaye they. unake pitaa ney apane liye achchha kiya aur baad mein unhone adhyayan key liye eosif koo europe bheja. haalaanki, kuchh sroton kaa daavaa haye kii kewal unake pitaa laa clarita, argentine chaley gaye aur way aur unaki maan trucky, lithuania mein rahey, jahan way polish communist party mein shamil hoe gaye aur edward gearek seey parichit hoe gaye, 1934 taka argentine kii yatra naheen kii. kissy bhee mamle mein, 1933 mein, unhone sorbone mein sankshipt adhyayan kiya. unhein aine. key. vee. dee. dwara bharti kiya gayaa thaa aur unhone bhaashaon key liye ack upahaar dikhaaya, jald hii angreji, spanish, french aur russie bhaashaaen chuna lii.
gupt agent.
1930 key dashak key anta mein, grigulevic koo usa desh mein grih yuddh key dauran markswadi ekikaran (paum, jiss milicia key saath george orwell ney seva kii thee) key shramikon kii party kii gatividhiyon kii nigrani key liye spen bheja gayaa thaa. grigulevic ney aine. key. vee. dee. general alekjendar orlov key tahat kaam kiya, code naamon kaa upayog karate hue max aur felip, aur tathaakathit "mobile samoohon" koo sangathit kiya, joe anya vaastavik aur sandigdh trotskeevadiyon, paum netaa aurres ninn key beach maare gaye. iss mission mein grigulevic ney spasht roop seey hatyare vittoriyo vidali key saath sahyog kiya, jise spen mein "commendant carlos contreras" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye."
grigulevic koo 1938 mein masco vaapas bulaaya gayaa thaa. janwari 1940 mein unhein "yuzek" code naam key tahat mexico bheja gayaa thaa, taaki vaha agent vidali key saath phir seey leone trotsky key jeevan parr pahale prayaas mein bhaag leey sakein. 24 maee, 1940 key shuruati ghanton mein, grigulevic aur david sikiros key netritva mein stallinist agents key ack samooh ney mexico shahar key paas koyoakan mein trotsky key parisar parr dhawa boll diyaa. way trotsky aur usaki patni koo poori tarah seey yaad karate they aur kewal apane chhote potey koo pair mein ghayal karane mein kamyab rahey. haalaanki, operation key dauran, trotsky key angarakshak, robbert sheldon harte koo pakad liya gayaa aur maar diyaa gayaa. dalbadal karane vaale walter krivitsky ney iss prayaas key baare mein sunane mein kamyabi hassil kii aur mrityu samiti key sadasya jey key madhyam seey trotsky koo ack chetavani bheji.bee. mait. trotsky ney chetavani koo sweekaar kiya. ack patra mein, unhone jawab diyaa, "krivitsky sahee haye. humm dou loga hain joe ogpu koo maarne kii shapath lete hain." 
trotsky kii hatyaa key asafal prayaas key baad, grigulevic aur usake dou sathiyon (laura arajo aguiller aur antonio pujol gymenase) koo pablo neruda ney maxican pulis seey bachane mein madad kii.
ramon mercader dwara trotsky koo maarne key baad, grigulevic koo order off dha redd starr seey sammaanit kiya gayaa.
baad mein, grigulevic koo code naam "artur" key tahat argentine bheja gayaa, jahan vaha dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran rahey aur naazi virodhi todfod abhiyaanon kaa ayojan kiya. unhone laura arajo aguiller naamak ack maxican mahila seey shaadi kii, joe ack soviyat gupt agent bhee thee, joe code naam luiza key tahat kaam karati thee.
1940 key dashak key anta mein, grigulevic kii cosmopolitan lithuanian carite argentine prishthabhoomi ney unhein "jadaheen cosmopolitan" key khilaf abhiyaan key dauran stallinist adhikaariyon dwara ack sambhaavit lakshya banaa diyaa, aur perestroica key dauran unake baad key bayanon key anusaar, vaha iss samay key dauran lagaatar darr mein they. 1948 mein, grigulevic kii maxican mein janmi patni koo soviyat maalikon dwara bandhak banaa liya gayaa thaa. jaba unaki patni kaid thee, taba soviyat khufiya adhikaariyon ney grigulevic seey kaee wafadari parikshanon kaa adesh diyaa, jinhen newyork shahar mein ack anya soviyat jasus, rudolf abel key liye ack mrit boond sanchaalit karane key liye bheja gayaa thaa. isake baad, grigulevic koo roodhivaadi markswadi itihaaskaar lev jubok kii pratishtha koo dhumil karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa. inn karyon koo puuraa karane key baad, grigulevic koo itali mein ack naee jasusi post pradaan kii gaee thee. 
costa rican rajanyik.
1949 mein, ack costa rican lekhak joaquin guteerez kii madad seey, joe bahut hii soviyat samarthak aur communist sahaanubhooti rakhate they aur jinhone apane desh key rajanyik dall mein kaam kiya, grigulevic ney ack jhoothaa passport praapt kiya, jisamen unaki pehchaan "teodoro castro bonnefill" key roop mein kii gaee thee, aur rome mein buss gaye. grigulevic ney ack ameer costa rican coffey nirmaata key avaidh bete kaa naatak kiya aur khud koo teodoro bee kaa roop diyaa. castro ("americi tareeke" mein madhya praarambhik kaa upayog karate hue). unhone rome mein ack ayaat-niryaat vyavasaay safaltapurvak sthaapit kiya aur catholic church key vyaparik hastiyon aur purohiton key saath vyaapak vyaktigat sampark banaae. vaha poorv costa rican rashtrapati jose figueres key mitra aur vyaavsaayik bhagidar bhee bunn gaye aur 1951 mein "teodoro bee". castro koo rome mein costa rican dutawas key "prabhaari dee 'affairs" key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, joe peris mein sanyukt rashtra kii mahasabha key chhathe satra mein costa rican pratinidhimandal key salaahkaar key roop mein bhee kaary curr rahey they. 1952 mein, unhein itali aur yugoslavia donon mein rajdoot key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. iss beach, grigulevic koo gupt roop seey soviyat nagrikta aur soviyat sangh kii communist party mein sadasyata dee gaee.
1952 kii shuruat mein, soviyat khufiya sevaaon ney grigulevic koo yugoslav netaa josip broze tito kii hatyaa kaa kaary saunpa, jinhone 1948 mein soviyat niyantran seey yugoslav kii swatantrata banaae rakhane key apane aagrah parr stallin key saath samjhauta kiya thaa (tito-stallin vibhajan dekhein). costa rican rajdoot key roop mein apani bhoomika mein (unhone 25 aprail, 1953 koo apani saakh prastut kii), grigulevic kaee avsaron parr tito seey mille, lekin march 1953 mein stallin kii mrityu ney hatyaa kii yojanaon koo baadhit curr diyaa aur grigulevic koo antatah masco vaapas bulaaya gayaa, jisase ack soviyat gupt agent key roop mein unake currier kaa anta hoe gayaa. rome mein, costa rican rajdoot key achaanak gayab honey seey, unaki patni aur betty key saath, rajanyik halakon mein mafiya kii sanliptata kii afvaahon key saath ack halchal paida hoe gaee.
itihaaskaar.
masco mein, grigulevic ack akaadamik key roop mein ack nae jeevan mein buss gaye. unhein ack shodh prabandh kaa bachaav kiye binaa itihas mein doctorate kii upaadhi seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa aur unhone lattin america aur catholic church parr ack visheshagya key roop mein kaam kiya thaa. way 58 pustakon key lekhak they, jinamen seey kuchh chhadm naam eosif lavretzky (лаоретссия) key tahat prakaashit hui theen. 1976 mein unhone chey guevra kii jeevani likhi. 1979 mein way ussr kii vigyaan akadami key sambandhit sadasya bunn gaye. unake chaalees key dashak seey pahale unake baare mein kissy bhee jeevani sambandhi jaankaari kii kamee aur photo khinchwane seey incar karane seey sahakarmi ulajhan mein they. soviyat agent key roop mein grigulevic kii bhoomika key vivaran koo communist shasson key patan key baad hii spasht kiya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey 1990 key dashak key madhya mein tathaakathit "mitrokin sangrah" key jaari honey key saath.

