
albert ee. kaahn

albert eugene kaana (11 maee, 1912-15 sitambar, 1979) ack americi patrakaar, photographer aur lekhak they. vaha mukhya roop seey apani pustakon "todfod" key liye jaane jaate hain. america key khilaf gupt yuddh (1944), sanyukt raajya america mein naazi aur german-americi vidhvansak gatividhiyon seey sambandhit; aur "mahaan shadyantrah soviyat roose key khilaf gupt yuddh" (1946). baad vaale ney masco parikshanon mein apane ikbalia bayanon key aadhar parr pramukh soviyat communists koo videshi jasuson key roop mein varnit kiya.
1930 key dashak key dauran kuchh samay key liye, kaana sanyukt raajya mein communist party key sadasya rahey they, lekin 1940 key dashak taka unhone apani soch badal dee thee aur iska aur sheet yuddh kaa virodh kiya thaa. 1940 key dashak key anta mein unhein kaali soochi mein daal diyaa gayaa aur 1962 taka mukhyadhara key prakaashak dwara prakaashan praapt karane mein asamarth rahey. 1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein, unhone aur angus cameron, joe pahale cumm, braun key saath ack sampaadak they, jinhen kaali soochi mein bhee rakhaa gayaa thaa, ney cameron aur kaana prakashakon kii sthaapana kii.
albert ee. kaana key pitaa, moritz kaana, albert kaana sahyogiyon mein ack varishth engineer they, aur vahaan apane dou bhaaiyon, albert kaana aur aavishkaarak julius kaana key saath kaam karate they.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
kaana kaa janm 1912 mein landan, ingland mein ack samriddh, raajneetik roop seey roodhivaadi yahudi parivaar mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa moritz teen bhaaiyon mein seey ack they aur ack engineer bunn gaye. unake bhaai albert kaana they, joe sanyukt raajya america aur antarrashtriya star parr ack audyogik vastukar aur aavishkaarak julius kaana key roop mein jaane jaane lagey. albert kaana ney detroit, mishigan mein albert kaana sahyogiyon kii sthaapana kii, jisamen unake bhaai sahayogi they. albert kaana sahyogiyon ney 1930 mein masco mein soviyat vastukaron aur engineeron koo prashikshit karane aur unaki nigrani karane aur audyogik suvidhaon koo design karane key liye ack karyalaya kii sthaapana kii. mortz kaana ney 1930 key dashak kii shuruat mein udyog key liye soviyat karyalaya gosproxtroi key sahyog seey kaana brothers key soviyat sangh abhiyaan kii sthaapana kii thee.
sanyukt raajya america mein shikshit, kaana ney phillips exter akadami aur dartmouth college mein bhaag liya, jahan way ack starr athlete they. unaki shiksha mein shekspeare bhee shamil they. baad mein jeevan mein unhone kahaa kii "raajaa lier" kaa adhyayan pahale unamen anyaay kii bhavna koo jagaata haye. way dartmouth varg key kavi they, jinhone 1932 mein snaatak kiya.
1934 mein shaadi curr lii, vaha aur poorv harriot warner california chaley gaye. unake bachchon mein lekhak bryan kaana bhee shamil they. vahaan kaana ney hollywood patkatha lekhak banane kii asafal koshish kii.
raajneetik jhukaav.
kaana ney samaajvaad mein ruchi vikasit kii aur samajik nyaay key liye kaam kiya. 1937 mein spanish grihyuddh key prakop key baad, kaana ney fasiwadi-samarthit franco vidroh key khilaf ladane vaale wafadar balon key liye chikitsa raahat kosh jutaane key liye ack "ambulance daure" kaa netritva karane parr sahamati vyakt kii. daure parr, kaana ney ameeron seey laker berojgaaron taka key darshakon seey baat kii. yeh avasaad kii oonchaai thee aur kaana vyaapak abhaav seey gaharaai seey prabhaavit thaa joe usane dekhaa thaa.
communists aur samajvadiyon ney kaee bolane vaale karyakramon kaa ayojan kiya aur apane aadarshvaad seey kaana koo prabhaavit kiya. 1938 mein daura puuraa karane key baad, vaha sanyukt raajya america kii communist party mein shamil hoe gaye, jaisa kii una varshon mein kaee vampanthi jhukaav vaale kalakaron, lekhakon aur anya buddhijiviyon ney kiya thaa.
rojgar kii koee sambhavana naheen honey key kaaran, kaana ney apane chaacha kii vastukala firm, albert kaana sahyogiyon mein naukari sweekaar curr lii, jahan unake pitaa moritz kaana ack varishth engineer they. unake pitaa ney 1930 kii shuruat mein masco mein ack firm kaa karyalaya sthaapit karane kaa netritva kiya thaa, jisane soviyat aur anya vastukaron aur engineeron koo audyogik design aur nirmaan mein prashikshit kiya thaa, jisase desh key audyogikaran koo isaki pahali panchvarshiya yojana key tahat samarthan milaa thaa.
kaana kii raajneetik sakriyata ney jaldi hii apane chaacha kii firm key saath ack toot-foot paida curr dee. ack pratibhashali vaktaa, kaana ney faasivaad virodhi bhaashan denaa shuru curr diyaa thaa. kyonki unakaa naam unake pramukh chaacha key samaan thaa, jinhen antarrashtriya star parr unaki audyogik vastukala key liye maanaa jaataa thaa, iss prachaar ney firm mein ghabarahat paida curr dee.
unake chaacha aur pitaa bhee chintit they kyonki udyogpati heinry ford company key sabse badey graahak they, aur way naazi germany mein vyavasaay mein lagey hue they. apane chaacha aur pitaa key saath ack baithak mein, chhote kaana koo ack vikalp diyaa gayaa thaah saarvajanik roop seey bolna bund karein, yaa istifa dein. unhone baad vaalaa vikalp chunaa.
newyork jaane key baad, kaana newyork key 25vein congressional jile key liye 1948 key chunaavon mein americi laber party key ummidwar they.
naazi-virodhi patrakaarita.
lagbhag turant kaana koo naazi prachaar key khilaf navgathit americi parishad key karyakari nideshak key roop mein ack pada kii peshkash kii gaee. helen keller, konde nast, johnn gunthar, poorv rajdoot villium ee sahit nideshak mandal key liye kaam karna. ajibogrib, aur german lekhak thomas maine, kaana ney ack syndicated samachar patra "dha aavar" kii sthaapana kii. usa kshamata mein vaha sanyukt raajya america mein naazi jasusi, todfod aur prachaar abhiyaanon koo ujagar karane key liye khoji patrakaarita mein lagey rahey. unhone americi fasiwadi aur samarthak fasiwadi samoohon kii gatividhiyon kii bhee jaanch kii, jaise kii german-americi bund. "ghante key" rahasyodghatan kaa vyaapak roop seey mudrit media mein, radio tippanikaron jaise kii walter winchell, aur americi yuddh vibhaag, nyaay vibhaag aur yuddh soochana karyalaya dwara upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
kitaaben.
kaana ney apani pahali pustak, "todfod!" key aadhar key roop mein "dha aavar" key liye naazi aur german-americi gatividhiyon kii apani jaanch seey praapt samagri kaa upayog kiya. america key khilaf gupt yuddh (1942), michael sayers key saath saha-likhit. "readers digest" pustak key ansh mudrit kiye gaye aur yeh ack bestseller bunn gayaa.
kaana aur kahane vaalon ney "shaanti key khilaf sajish" (1945) aur "mahaan shadyantrah soviyat roose key khilaf gupt yuddh" (1946) parr bhee sahyog kiya, joe ack antarrashtriya bestseller bunn gayaa. baad vaale mein, jisane masco shuddhikaran parikshanon kaa pataa lagaaya, lekhakon ney poorv soviyat vipakshi netaaon key khilaf rajdroh key communist party key aaropon koo vaidh maanaa, aur soviyat raajya koo ukhaad fenkane, lenin, stallin, gorki aur anya kii hatyaa karane key shadyantra key antarnihit aarop koo sweekaar kiya. isake vipareet, adhikansh itihaskaron kaa maanana haye kii yeye pareekshan stallin key kissy bhee virodh koo dabaane key liye banaae gaye they; doshi thaharaae gaye kaee logon koo gulag mein sankshep mein maar diyaa gayaa thaa yaa nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
kaana dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad sanyukt raajya america (aur usake paschimi sahyogiyon) aur soviyat sangh key beach utpann sheet yuddh key mukhar virodhi they. america mein saamyvaad key badhane kii ashanka key saath, unhein 1940 key dashak key anta mein mukhyadhara key prakaashan dwara kaali soochi mein daal diyaa gayaa thaa. vampanthi trade yuniyanon koo pustakon kii poorv-bikri kaa upayog karate hue, unhone likhaa aur prakaashit kiya "uchch raajdrohah logon key khilaf sajish" (lear, 1950), sanyukt raajya kaa 1917 key baad kaa raajneetik itihas; aur "mrityu kaa khelah hamaare bachchon parr sheet yuddh kaa prabhaav" (see aind key, 1953).
cameron aur kaana.
1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein, kaana aur angus cameron, ack prakhyaat chhote, braun sampaadak, jinhen haal hii mein kaali soochi mein daal diyaa gayaa thaa, ney prakaashan firm cameron aind kaana kaa gathan kiya. 1955 mein firm ney "jhoothaa gawah" prakaashit kiya, ack poorv communist aur hamein sarkari gawah key roop mein bhugtan kiye gaye harvey matuso dwara sweekaar kiya gayaa, kii unhone house unn-american activities kameti (huak) kii sunavaai mein gawahi dete samay baar-baar shapath key tahat jhooth bolaa thaa. yeye sarkaar, hollywood aur prakaashan kii kathit saamyavaadi ghuspaith kaa pataa lagaane key liye aayojit kiye jaa rahey they. matuso key kabulname ney ack raajneetik sansani paida curr dee.
pustak key prakaashan key lambit rahane (jisaki samagri koo prachaarit kiya gayaa thaa), americi sarkaar ney sanghiya grand juurii key saamane pesh honey key liye kaana, cameron aur matuso koo samman bheja. prakashakon parr yeh jhoothaa daavaa karane key liye kii unhone sarkaar kii or seey jhoothi gawahi dee thee, matuso koo rishwat dene kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. maheenon kii sunavaai aur hajaaron prishthon kii gawahi key baad, grand juurii ney cameraman yaa kaana key khilaf abhiyog jaari karane seey incar curr diyaa.
inn bhavya juurii kaaryavaahi key saath, kaana, cameron aur matuso koo james eastland (dee-mississippi) kii adhyakshata mein sanyukt raajya senate kii aantarik suraksha upasamiti key samaksh gawahi dene key liye samman diyaa gayaa thaa. sunavaai kaa uddeshya yeh nirdhaarit karna thaa kii kyaa "jhoothe gawah" kaa prakaashan jhoothi gawahi sweekaar karane mein jhooth bolane kii saamyavaadi sajish kaa parinam thaa. senate samiti ney matuso kii sweekaar kii gaee jhoothi gawahi key mool aur parinamon kaa aaklan naheen kiya.
1950 key dashak key anta mein kaana ney matuso pustak aur isake prati pratikriya key baad key baare mein likhaa. lekin unaki mrityu key aathh saal baad taka unakaa vivaran "dha matuso afairah sansmaran off aeye national scandle" (1987) key roop mein prakaashit naheen huaa thaa. angus cameron ney pustak kaa parichay likhaa.
cameron aur kaana ney jasusi key liye doshi thaharaae gaye aur nishpaadit jode dwara "athel aur julius rosenberg kaa vasiyatnama" sahit kaee vishayon parr pustaken prakaashit keen. unhone "vinash key beej; yuu key baare mein sachchai" bhee prakaashit kii.aiss. cedric belfrase dwara germany kaa kabja. unhone ring lardner kaa upanyaas "dha extasy off owen muir" bhee prakaashit kiya.
kaali soochi todana.
1950 key dashak key dauran, sanghiya sarkaar dwara aavashyak ack nae halafname parr hastakshar karane seey incar karane key liye kaana kaa passport radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa, kii kyaa vaha kabhi communist party key sadasya they yaa naheen. yeh gair-americi gatividhiyon kii samiti kii nirantar gatividhiyon aur senator joseph mccarthy, aar-wisconsin key netritva mein bhaya key abhiyaan seey sambandhit thaa, jisamen sarkaar, prakaashan aur manoranjan udyog mein saamyavaadi ghuspaith kaa daavaa kiya gayaa thaa. iss aavashyakta koo sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya dwara rockwell kent seey judey ack mamle mein asamvaidhaanik thaharaaya gayaa thaa, joe ack prasiddh chitrakaar aur kaana key mitra they.
kaana ney aakhirkaar 1962 mein kaali soochi toda dee jaba saiman aind schuster ney apani "days vid ulanova" prakaashit kii, joe kii kalpit bolshoi baile ballerina, gallina ulanova kaa ack antarang chitra thaa. kaana koo iss kaam key liye aalochanatmak prashansa millie.
stallin kii mrityu key baad masco kii yatra parr, kaana ney craimlin mein soviyat netaa nikita khrushchev seey mulakat kii thee. unhone prastaav diyaa kii way soviyat netaa kii aatmakatha parr sahyog karein. khrushchev sahmat hoe gaye, lekin pariyojana shuru honey seey pahale unhein karyalaya seey hatane key liye majboor kiya gayaa.
kaana dwara likhi gaee anya pustakon mein "smetana aind dha beatle" (yaadrichhik ghar, 1967), sanyukt raajya mein stallin kii betty key dalbadal kaa ack vyangya; "joy aind sogs" (saiman aind schuster, 1970), salist pablo casal kaa sansmaran, jaisa kii kaana koo bataaya gayaa haye; aur "apavitra bhajan" (saiman aind schuster, 1971), nixon prashaasan aur anya kii vishvasaniyata key antar kaa ack vyangyapurna vivaran shamil haye.
vyaktigat jeevan aur mrityu.
1950 mein, kaana yahudi logon key bhraatri adesh (jey. pee. aff. oh.) key adhyaksh key roop mein seva curr rahey they, joe chhatra antarrashtriya shramikon key adesh kaa ack sadasya sangathan thaa. ivo key adhyaksh rockwell kent key saath, unhone vishva shaanti parishad dwara praayojit ack sammelan mein bhaag liya, jisake parinamswarup stockholm appeal hui, jisamen duniya bhar mein paramanu nirastreekaran key liye appeal kii gaee.
15 sitambar, 1979 koo glain elen, california mein dill kaa daura padane seey kaana kii mrityu hoe gaee.

