jaanasaz korjak

genuses korjak, henrique goldzmitt (22 julaai 1878 yaa 1879-7 agast 1942) kaa chhadm naam, ack polish yahudi shikshak, bachchon key lekhak aur shikshak they jinhen "paine doctor" ("shree. doctor) yaa "sterry doctor" ("purana doctor"). kaee saal varsau mein ack anathalaya key pradhaan key roop mein kaam karane key baad, unhone baar-baar abhayaranya seey incar curr diyaa aur apane anathon key saath rahey jaba 1942 key sakal yuddh key dauran sansthaan kii poori aabaadi koo ghetto seey trablinca unmoolan shivir mein bheja gayaa thaa.
jeevani.
korkzak kaa janm 1878 mein varsau mein huaa thaa. vaha apani janm tithi key baare mein anishchit thaa, jisake liye unhone apane pitaa kii viphalata koo jimmedaar thaharaaya joe unake liye turant janm pramaan patra praapt karane mein whiffle rahey. unake maataa-pitaa joseph goldzmitt they, joe haskala key samarthakon key parivaar seey ack sammaanit vakeel they, aur cecilia "nee" gabica, ack pramukh kaalisaz parivaar kii betty theen. ack yahudi parivaar mein paida hue, way apane baad key jeevan mein ack agyeyavaadi they. vaha bachchon parr dharm koo thopane mein vishvaas naheen karate they. unake pitaa 1890 key aspas beemar parh gaye aur unhein ack mansik aspatal mein bharti karaaya gayaa, jahan chhah saal baad 25 aprail 1896 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee. vishal apartment miyodova street parr diye gaye they, phir schwietozerska. jaise-jaise unake parivaar kii vittiya sthiti bigadati gaee, henrique ney vyayamshala (vartamaan) mein bhaag lete hue anya chhatron key liye ack shikshak key roop mein kaam karna shuru curr diyaa. 1896 mein unhone bachchon kii parvarish parr ack vyangya paath key saath saahityik drishya parr shuruat kii, "vezel gordizsky" ("dha gordian nott").
1898 mein, unhone ignacy zaan paderevsky saahityik pratiyogita mein ack kalam naam key roop mein "jaanasaz korjak" kaa upayog kiya. yeh naam joseph ignacy kraszevsky kii pustak "oh janasu korjaku aaee piechnez miexniki" seey utpann huaa haye. 1890 key dashak mein unhone udaan vishvavidyalaya mein adhyayan kiya. inn varshon key dauran korzak ney varsau vishvavidyalaya mein chikitsa kaa adhyayan kiya aur kaee polish bhasha key samachar patron key liye bhee likhaa. snaatak honey key baad way baal roga visheshagya bunn gaye. 1905-1912 mein korjak ney varsau mein berson aur bauman bachchon key aspatal mein kaam kiya. roose-japani yuddh key dauran, unhone ack sainya doctor key roop mein seva kii. iss beach, unaki pustak "child off dha drying room" ("digico salunu") ney unhein kuchh saahityik maanyata praapt kii. 
1907-08 mein, korzak berlin mein adhyayan karane gayaa. 1909 mein anath samaaj key liye kaam karate hue, way apane bhavishya key sabse karibi sahayogi stephania wilzinska seey mille. 1911-1912 mein, vaha yahudi bachchon key liye apane swayam key design key anathalaya, varsau mein "dome searot" key nideshak bunn gaye. unhone wilsinska koo apane sahayak key roop mein niyukt kiya. vahaan unhone bachchon key liye ack tarah kaa ganarajya banaaya, jisaki apani chhoti sansad, adalat aur ack samachar patra thaa. unhone doctor key roop mein apane anya kartavyon koo cumm curr diyaa. iss avadhi mein yahudi bachchon key liye grishmakaaleen shivir key baare mein unake kuchh vivaran aur baad mein unake "tukadon mein baney utevoro" mein prakaashit kiye gaye aur unakaa angreji mein anuvaad kiya gayaa.
pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, 1914 mein korzak leftinent key pada key saath ack sainya doctor bunn gaye. unhone polish-soviyat yuddh key dauran mejar key pada key saath polish senaa mein ack sainya doctor key roop mein phir seey seva kii, lekin λοdz mein ack sankshipt karyakal key baad unhein varsau koo saunpa gayaa thaa. yuddhon key baad, unhone yuddh mein apana abhyaas jaari rakhaa. korjak aajivan kunwara thaa aur usake apane koee javic bachche naheen they.
samprabhu polland.
1926 mein, korjak ney "dome searot" (anath ghar) key bachchon key liye dainik polish-yahudi samachar patra "naaz prazegald" ("hamari sameeksha") key saptahik sanlagnak key roop mein apana khud kaa samachar patra, "maali prazegald" ("chhoti sameeksha") shuru karane kii vyavastha kii. inn varshon mein, unake sachiv prasiddh polish upanyaskar igor they. unake anathalaya koo santos polish-yahudi daan dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa.
1930 key dashak key dauran, unakaa apana radio karyakram thaa jahan unhone bachchon key adhikaaron koo badhaava diyaa aur lokpriya banaaya. 1933 mein, unhein polonia punarsthaapan key rajat cross seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 1934 aur 1936 key beach, korjak ney harr saal palestine koo anivarya karane key liye yatra kii aur isake kibbutzim kaa daura kiya. isake alawa, isane gair-yahudi anathalaya key saath unake algaav koo badhaava diyaa, jisake liye vaha bhee kaam curr rahey they. unhone ack patra likhaa joe ingit kartaa haye kii unakaa irada pyalestine jaane kaa thaa, lekin anta mein, unhein lagaa kii vaha apane bachchon koo peechhe naheen chhod sakate. way polland mein rahey, taba bhee jaba wilkzinska 1938 mein palestine mein rahane gaye aur pradhanadhyapak key roop mein apani bhoomika jaari rakhee.
narsamhar.
1939 mein, jaba dwiteeya vishva yuddh chhid gayaa, tou korjak ney polish senaa mein swechha seey kaam kiya, lekin unaki umr key kaaran unhein manaa curr diyaa gayaa. unhone varsau key "wehrmatch" adhigrahan koo dekhaa. jaba germans ney 1940 mein varsau ghetto banaaya, tou unake anathalaya koo krochmala 92 mein "dome siyerot" naamak apani imarat seey gheto (pahale chlodana 33 aur baad mein siena 16/sliska 9) mein jaane key liye majboor honah padaa. korchak unake saath ander chalaa gayaa. julaai mein, jaanasaz korjak ney faisala kiya kii anathalaya mein bachchon koo ravindernath tagor key naatak "dakghar" koo pahanana chaahiye.
5 yaa 6 agast 1942 koo, german sanic 192 anathon koo ikattha karane key liye aae (vaastavik sankhya key baare mein kuchh bahas haih yeh 196 hoe sakata haye) aur lagbhag ack darjan karmchari unhein trablinca unmoolan shivir mein leey jaane key liye aae. polish bhoomigat sangathan jegota dwara korkzak koo "aryan paksh" mein abhayaranya kii peshkash kii gaee thee, lekin baar-baar ise yeh kahate hue aswikar curr diyaa kii vaha apane bachchon koo naheen chhod sakata. 5 agast koo, unhone phir seey abhayaranya key prastaavon koo aswikar curr diyaa, iss baat parr jore dete hue kii vaha bachchon key saath jaayenge, apane vishvaas parr jore dete hueh "aap raat mein ack beemar bachche koo naheen chhodate hain, aur aap iss tarah key samay mein bachchon koo naheen chhodate hain.
bachchon ney apane sabse achche kapade pahane hue they, aur pratyek ney ack neeli topi aur ack pasandida kitab yaa khilauna leey jaaya thaa. ack pratyakshadarshi joshua parle, jinake yuddhakaaleen lekhan koo ringelblum sangrah mein bachaaya gayaa thaa, ney korjak aur bachchon key julus kaa varnan yahudi basti key madhyam seey "umshlaigplaatz" (mrityu shiviron key liye nirvaasan bindu) mein kiyaah
pratyakshadarshiyon key anusaar, jaba anathon kaa samooh aakhirkaar "umshlagplatz" taka pahuncha, tou ack ss adhikaari ney korjak koo apane pasandida bachchon kii pustakon mein seey ack key lekhak key roop mein pahachaana aur usey bachane mein madad karane kii peshkash kii. ack anya sanskaran mein, adhikaari aadhikarik roop seey kaary curr rhaa thaa, kyonki naazi adhikaariyon key dimag mein korjak key liye kissy prakaar kaa "vishesh vyavhaar" thaa (antarrashtriya pratishtha vaale kuchh pramukh yahoodiyon koo deresiansted bheja gayaa thaa). joe bhee prastaav aaya, korjak ney ack baar phir manaa curr diyaa. vaha bachchon key saath trains mein chadh gayaa aur phir kabhi usaki baat naheen sunee gaee. korchak kii yahudi basti seey nikasi kaa ullekh vladislav sjapilman kii pustak "dha piyanovadak" mein bhee kiya gayaa haih
kuchh samay baad, aisee afavaahen theen kii trains kaa maarg badal diyaa gayaa thaa aur corjac aur bachche butch gaye they. haalaanki, inn kahaaniyon kaa koee aadhar naheen thaa. sabse adhik sambhavana haye kii, korjak, wilkzinska aur adhikansh bachchon key saath, trablinca pahunchane key baad ack gais kaksh mein hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. mairi burg kii varsau ghetto diarry mein korjak key jaane kaa ack alag vivaran diyaa gayaa haih
lekhan.
korjak kaa sabse prasiddh lekhan unaki kathaa aur shikshashastra haye, aur unaki sabse lokpriya kritiyon kaa vyaapak roop seey anuvaad kiya gayaa haye. unake mukhya shaikshanik granthon kaa angreji mein anuvaad kiya gayaa haye, lekin unaki kathaaon mein seey kewal dou upanyason kaa angreji mein anuvaad kiya gayaa haih "king mait dha first" aur "kytech dha wizard"."
choonki korjak kii mrityu kii tarikh aadhikarik roop seey sthaapit naheen kii gaee thee, kanuni uddeshyon key liye unaki mrityu kii tarikh 1954 mein ack polish adalat dwara 9 maee 1946 key roop mein sthaapit kii gaee thee, joe una logon key liye ack maanak faisala thaa jinaki mrityu kii tarikh pralekhit naheen thee, lekin sabhi sambhaavanaon mein dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran hui thee. corjac dwara sabhi karyon key copyrite koo baad mein polish sarkaar seey sambaddh ack saanskritik sansthaan aur prakaashan ghar, polish pustak sansthaan (institut kasizki) dwara praapt kiya gayaa thaa. 2012 mein sansthaan key adhikaaron koo aadhunik polland foundation dwara chunauti dee gaee thee, jiska lakshya adalat key mukadame dwara sthaapit karna thaa kii korzak kii mrityu 1942 mein hui taaki korzak key kaam 1 janwari 2013 taka saarvajanik domen mein upalabdh hoe sakein. foundation ney 2015 mein mamla jeetaa aur baad mein korzak key kaam koo digital banaana shuru kiya aur unhein saarvajanik domen ee-pustakon key roop mein jaari kiya.
korzak kii samagr saahityik rachana mein 1896 seey 8 agast 1942 kii avadhi shamil haye. isamen bachchon aur vayaskon donon key liye kaam shamil hain aur isamen saahityik kritiyaan, samajik patrakaarita, lekh aur shaikshanik nibandh shamil hain, saath hii kuchh aprakaashit kaary shamil hain, kull bees seey adhik pustaken, lagbhag 100 prakashanon mein prakaashit 1,400 seey adhik granth, aur pandulipi yaa typescript key roop mein lagbhag 300 granth shamil hain. 2012 key liye unaki kritiyon key ack poorna sanskaran kii yojana banaai gaee haye.
bachchon kii kitaaben.
korjak aksar apane yuva pathakon koo vaastavik vayask jeevan kii duvidhaon aur kathinaaiyon key liye taiyar karane aur jimmedaar nirnay lene kii aavashyakta key liye ack purry kathaa key roop kaa upayog karate they.
1923 mein "king mait dha first" ("croll mccush piyeravzi") aur isaki agali kadee "king mait onn dha desert eyeland" ("croll mccush naa wiespee baseloodnez") mein korkzak ney ack baal rajkumar koo chitrit kiya haye joe apane pitaa kii achaanak mrityu seey simhaasan parr baithaa diyaa jaataa haye, aur jise vibhinn galatiyon seey seekhana chaahieh
vaha apane sabhi melon koo padhane aur jawab dene kii koshish kartaa haye aur khud hii ack "shaahi patra" prakaashit karane key liye ack dostana patrakaar kii peshkash letaa haye aur bahut baad mein paataa haye kii vaha bahut adhik matra mein haye aur usey sachivon parr bharosa karane kii aavashyakta haye; vaha apane mantriyon seey naraj haye aur unhein giraftar curr letaa haye, lekin jald hii usey ehsas hotaa haye kii vaha khud seey shasson karane key liye paryaapt naheen jaanata haye, aur mantriyon koo riha karane aur samvaidhaanik rajshahi sthaapit karane key liye majboor hoe jaataa haye; jaba yuddh chhid jaataa haye tou vaha apane mahal mein bund honey koo sweekaar naheen kartaa haye, lekin ack kisan ladka honey kaa naatak karate hue fisal jaataa haye aur juda jaataa haye-aur sankeern roop seey ack ghodaa banane seey butch jaataa haye; vaha ack dostana patrakaar kii peshkash letaa haye kii vaha ack "shaahi patra" prakaashit karane key liye bahut baad mein paataa haye aur paataa haye kii vaha samachar koo saavdhaanipoorvak sampaadit curr rhaa haye aur patrakaar yuva raajaa key sabse achche dost key sakal bhrashtachar koo dhaka rhaa haye; vaha duniya key sabhi bachchon koo juluson aur unaki maang koo pakadane key liye sangathit karane kii koshish kartaa haye; vaha ack kaale raajaon key saath juda jaataa haye aur anta mein ack kaalaa raajaa key roop mein badal jaataa haye, joe
2012 mein, korzak kii ack aur pustak kaa angreji mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa. "kajtush dha wizard" ("kajtush zarodziz") (1933) ney ack schooly ladke koo chitrit karane mein hairi potter kaa anuman lagaaya joe jaadoo kii shaktiyaan praapt kartaa haye, aur yeh 1930 key dashak key dauran polish aur kaee anya bhaashaon mein anuvaad donon mein bahut lokpriya thaa. haalaanki, hairi potter kii tulanaa mein kajtush key paas kaheen adhik kathin maarg haih usake paas koee hogwarts-prakaar kaa jaadoo naheen haye jahan usey visheshagya majes dwara sikhaaya jaa sakata haye, lekin usey apani shaktiyon kaa upayog karna aur unhein niyantrit karna seekhana chaahiye-aur sabse mahatvapurna baat, apani seemaon koo seekhana.
korkzak kii "dha perstant boy" francisi vaigyaanik luis paster kii jeevani thee, jise bachchon key liye anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa-jaisa kii prastaavana mein kahaa gayaa haye-685 prishth kii francisi jeevani seey jise korkzak ney padhaa thaa. iss pustak kaa spasht roop seey uddeshya pasteur koo baal paathak key liye ack aadarsh key roop mein chitrit karna haye. pustak kaa ack badaa hissa paster key bachpan aur bachpan aur maataa-pitaa, shikshakon aur sahpaathiyon key saath unake sambandhon key liye samarpit haye. iss baat parr jore diyaa jaataa haye kii duniya bhar mein prasiddhi key liye niyat pasteur, ashubh shuruat seey shuru huaa-ack aspasht francisi praantiya shahar mein garib mazdoor varg key maataa-pitaa key liye paida huaa aur uchch gunavatta vaale school seey bahut door gayaa. vahaan, vaha ack starr chhaatr seey bahut door thaa, usake ank aksar ausat seey neeche girate they. jaisa kii korjak dwara baar-baar jore diyaa gayaa haye, bachpan aur baad key shaikshanik aur vaigyaanik currier donon mein paster kii uplabdhiyan, mukhya roop seey dridhata (jaisa kii sheershak mein sanket diyaa gayaa haye) key kaaran theen, joe unaki seemaon aur praarambhik viphaltaon koo door karane key liye ack athak aur antatah safal prayaas thaa.
shaikshanik pustaken.
apane shaikshanik karyon mein, korjak kathin bachchon seey nipatane key apane adhikansh anubhav koo saajha karate hain. corkzack key vichaaron koo kaee anya shikshaavidon jaise kii saiman solovichik aur erich dosenroath dwara aage vikasit kiya gayaa thaa.
shaaririk dund parr vichaar.
korjak ney aise samay mein bachchon key shaaririk dund key khilaf baat kii jaba iss tarah key vyavhaar koo maataa-pitaa kaa huck yaa kartavya bhee maanaa jaataa thaa. bachche key sammaan key adhikaar" (1929) mein unhone likhaa,
smaran.
korkzak koo polland mein kaee smarakon aur pattikaon mein manaaya jaataa haye, mukhya roop seey varsau mein. unamen seey sabse prasiddh okopova street yahudi kabristan mein sthit kabristan haye, joe unaki prateekaatmak kabr key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. yeh korjak kii ack smaarak moorti haye joe unake bachchon koo trains mein leey jaati haye. mool roop seey 1982 mein meekzislav smorzweski dwara banaaya gayaa, smaarak koo 2002 mein kansya mein phir seey banaaya gayaa thaa. mool koo borzekizki mein vishesh jarooraton vaale bachchon key liye boarding school mein phir seey banaaya gayaa thaa, jiska naam jaanasaz korjak key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
haalaanki, 2006 mein shweetokarjiski park mein sthaapit smaarak naa kewal sabse badaa haye, balki apane bahut hii suvidhajanak sthaan key kaaran, school kii yaatraon aur paryatakon dwara sabse adhik baar dekhe jaane vaale smaarak hain. harr saal, 1 juuna key aspas, baal divas parr, yuddh key schools seey yaatraaen smaarak parr jaati hain.
vighatan neetiyon key kaaran, 2016 mein ukraine key kyiv mein nikole bauman street kaa naam badalkar korjak curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
ack chhote seey grah, 2163 korjak, kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
saanskritik sandarbh.
rangmanch, opera, tv aur unake karyon key film roopaantaran key alawa, jaise kii "king mait dha first" aur "kytech dha wizard", korkzak key baare mein kaee kaam hue hain, joe unase prerit hain, yaa unhein ack charitra key roop mein chitrit karate hain.

