
dehradoon kaa itihas

dehradoon bhaaratiya raajya uttarakhand kii rajdhani haye, aur iska ack samriddh aur ghatanapurna itihas haye, iska ullekh shaastron mein bhee milata haye.
british raaj key dauran, shahar koo derra doon key naam seey jaanaa jaataa thaa.
itihas.
pracheen itihas.
skand puraan mein, doon kaa ullekh "kedkhand" naamak kshetra key ack hisse key roop mein kiya gayaa haye, joe shiv kaa nivaas sthaan haye. mahabharat mahakavya yug key dauran pracheen bhaarat mein, kauravon aur pandavon key mahaan shikshak dronacharya yahaan rahate they, isaliye iska naam "dronanagari" padaa.
ashok key ack shilalekh, mahaan maurya raajaa, jinhone 273 eesaa poorv seey 232 eesaa poorv key beach shasson kiya, kii khoj 1860 mein johnn vann dwara dehradoon seey 44 kimmy door kalsi mein kii gaee thee. iss shilalekh koo sthaaniya nivaasiyon dwara chhatra shila key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa jaba taka kii isaki khoj key baad ise bhaaratiya puraataatvik sarvekshan dwara sanrakshit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. yamuna key tata parr sthit kalsi koo pahale kalkut key naam seey jaanaa jaataa thaa aur yeh falate-phoolate coolind janpada kaa ack hissa thaa. yeh assie alekjendar cunningham key sansthaapak dwara kiye gaye sarvekshanon kii sabse uttari seema thee, jinhone uttar mein kalsi seey laker dakshin mein narmada taka faile kshetron kaa sarvekshan kiya thaa.
nagar kii sthaapana.
dehradoon gadhwal raajya kaa ack hissa thaa, sivaay rohilon key sankshipt antaral key. maanaa jaataa haye kii iss shahar kaa naam shivir yaa derra key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye, jise baaba raam raay dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, joe saatven sikh guru, guru harr raay key badey bete they, joe 1675 mein yahaan aae they. way gaanv dhamawala mein buss gaye, joe aaj bhee unaki smriti mein hollie key baad paanchven dinn vaarshik jhanda mella aayojit kartaa haye. iss prakaar yeh naam 'doon' ghaati mein unake 'derra' yaa shivir koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jisake aspas vartamaan shahar dheere-dheere vikasit huaa, aur iss basti koo chihnit karane key liye ack gurudwara haye jise guru raam raay darbar sahib kahaa jaataa haye, jise 1699 aur 1707 key beach gadhwal key raajaa, bhaagya shaah kii madad seey banaaya gayaa thaa, jinake baad usee varsh unake potey, prataap shaah ney padbhar sambhala thaa, aur mugal samrat jahangir kii kabr parr model kiya gayaa thaa.
aitihaasik roop seey, dehradoon gadhwal raajya kaa ack hissa thaa, jise 'kedarkhand' key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa, jisaki sthaapana ajay paal ney 1400 key aspas apane swayam key niyantran mein gadhwal kshetra kii sabhi chhoti riyasaton parr kabja karke kii thee, aur usake baad, unhone aur unake vanshajon ney 1803 taka ack nirbaadh rekha mein gadhwal aur aspas key tehri-gadhwal raajya parr shasson kiya, jaba gurkhaaon ney kumaaun aur gadhwal parr aakraman kiya. 1757 mein, saharanpur key rajyapal, najib-ull-daula, jinhone baad mein najibabad shahar kii sthaapana kii, ney apani rohilon kii senaa key saath shahar parr aakraman kiya aur yahaan shasson kiya, jisase iska vyaapak vikas huaa. unhone unhein bhoomi pradaan kii, vyaapaar koo badhaava diyaa, naharen khodi, kuein doobe aur rajaswa koo ack laakh aur ack chauthai rupaye taka badhaa diyaa, halanki 1770 mein unaki mrityu key baad, ise rajputon, gurjaron, sikhon aur gurkhon kii aspas kii janjaatiyon dwara kramik roop seey kabja curr liya gayaa, jinhone iss kshetra parr teji seey shasson kiya, aur isake sthir patan kii or leey gaye.
19veen shatabdi mein gorkha shasson aur angrejon kaa aagaman.
1804 mein, ise gurkhon dwara kabja curr liya gayaa, jinhone gadhwal key raajaa, pradyuman shaah koo saharanpur bhaag jaane key liye majboor kiya, jisase iss kshetra parr gorkha general 'baal bhadra kunwar' dwara ack lohe kii mutthi dwara shasson kiya gayaa. baad mein, raajaa pradyuman shaah aur unake putron kunwar parakram shaah aur kunwar pritam shaah, aur 12,000 kii ack majboot senaa ney khurbura mein gorkhon key saath ladaai ladee, jahan pradyuman shaah maare gaye they.
usee varsh, angrejon ney pahale hii saharanpur parr kabja curr liya thaa, jisake kaaran donon senaaon key beach lagaatar jhadapen huin, jisase gorkha yuddh (1814-1816) huaa, jise anglo-nepali yuddh key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, jaba antatah gurkhon koo nalpani key kille kii gherabandi key baad bedkhal curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
2 disambar 1815 koo hastaaksharit aur 4 march 1816 taka british east india company aur nepal samrajya key beach pushti kii gaee, jisase anglo-nepali yuddh (1814-1816) key dauran himalayi raajya parr dusare british aakraman koo samaapt kiya gayaa. nepal key liye hastaksharkarta raaj guru gajaraj mishra they, jinhen chandra shekhar upadhyay aur leftinent-curnell peris bradshaw ney company key liye hastakshar kiye they.
sandhi key kaaran dehradoon aur purvi gadhwal raajya kaa british samrajya mein vilay huaa, aur way sanyukt praanton key kumaaun prabhaag mein gadhwal jile kaa hissa bunn gaye, aur iska kshetrafal 5629 varg kilometres thaa. aur vaha taba haye jaba yeh dheere-dheere apane khoye hue gaurav koo phir seey praapt karna shuru curr diyaa. iss beach, paschim gadhwal koo gadhwal raajya mein punarsthaapit kiya gayaa, aur maare gaye raajaa key putra, sudarshan shaah koo tehri gadhwal kaa raajaa banaaya gayaa, jisane tehri koo apani rajdhani banaaya.
dehradoon mein british shasson.
angrejon ney 1816 key baad seey sansthanon kii sthaapana shuru kii. dehradoon' nagarpalika kii sthaapana 1867 mein kii gaee thee, aur 1900 mein railway ney haridwar key madhyam seey dehradoon taka apana raasta banaaya, joe pahale 1886 mein judaa huaa thaa.
1901 mein, dehradoon kii aabaadi 24,039 thee, aur yeh sanyukt praanton key mirat division mein british bhaarat kaa ack jilaa thaa, jabaki padosi shahar rajpur, joe masuri key pahaadi-station key raaste mein thaa, aur jahaan seey pipe key madhyam seey shahar koo shuddh peene key paani kii aapoorti kii jaati thee, kii aabaadi 2,900 thee. dehradoon bhee angrejon dwara chaay kii kheti key prayogon key kendra key roop mein ubhara, jinhone asam seey pahale bhee yahaan chaay vikasit karane kaa vichaar kiya thaa. dehra doon chaay kabhi duniya bhar mein prasiddh thee.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran dehra doon kendriya nazarbandi shivir hirasat mein liye gaye german, austriyai aur italvi logon key liye ack pramukh jail shivir thaa joe yuddh kii shuruat mein asia mein british upaniveshon mein reh rahey they yaa jaa rahey they. iska sabse prasiddh kaidi shayed heinrich harror thaa, joe kaee prayason key baad antatah 1944 mein peater offsniter key saath bhaag gayaa aur pahaadon key oopar seey tatasth tibbat mein fisal gayaa. unhone shivir mein apane samay kaa varnan "tibbat mein saat saal" (rupert haart-davis, 1953) aur "tibbat mein saat saal seey aageh merey jeevan seey pahale, dauran aur baad mein. (bhulbhulaiya press, 2007). nyanatiloka sahit kaee german bauddh bhikshu bhee yahaan rahey. shivir koo vibhinn vargon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, ack naazi sarkaar key prati wafadar germans key liye, ack german communists key liye aur anya jinhone naazi sarkaar koo aswikar curr diyaa, ack italvi logon key liye aur ack italvi catholic paadari varg key liye.
 british yug mein baaba raay key saath dehradoon aaney vaale ahluwalia samudaay ney basmati chawal kaa utpaadan shuru kiya joe duniya bhar mein prasiddh hoe gayaa, phir bhee yeh duniya bhar mein prasiddh haye.
swatantrata key baad dehradoon.
1947 key baad dehradoon kaa ack shahar key roop mein vistaar huaa haye aur isake turant baad ise apana sabse pratishthit aur kendriya smaarak, ghadee meenar milaa. chhah-mukhi ghadee meenar, jise ghanta ghar bhee kahaa jaataa haye, kaa nirmaan kaary varsh 1948 mein shuru huaa aur isaki adharshila sarojini nayudu ney rakhee thee. yeh sthaaniya nivasi laala balbir sinh kii yaad mein banaaya gayaa thaa aur isaliye iska naam balbir ghadee meenar bhee rakhaa gayaa haye. iska nirmaan varsh 1953 mein puuraa huaa thaa aur iska udghaatan tatkalin rail mantri laal bahadur shastri ney kiya thaa. meenar key parisar key ander ack smaarak pattika iss itihas kaa vivaran detee haye. yeh shahar shiksha kaa kendra bunn gayaa aur varsh 2000 mein uttarakhand raajya kii rajdhani banaa diyaa gayaa. yeh apane vikas key ack hisse key roop mein nau smart city pariyojanaon key saath smart city mission kaa ack hissa bunn gayaa.