
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1

stun cancer prakaar 1 samvedansheelta protein ack protein haye joe manushyon mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 () jeane dwara kootbaddh kiya jaataa haye. anya kasheruki prajaatiyon mein orthologue aam hain, jabaki aksheruki genome adhik door seey sambandhit jeane koo kootbaddh curr sakate hain. "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" ack maanav tumour daman jeane haye (jise karyavahak jeane key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) aur dee. aine. aeye. kii marammat key liye jimmedaar haye.
"bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" aur "bee. aar. see. aeye. 2" asambandhit protein hain, lekin donon aam taur parr stun aur anya ootakon kii koshikaon mein vyakt kiye jaate hain, jahaan way kshatigrast dee. aine. aeye. kii marammat mein madad karate hain, yaa yadi dee. aine. aeye. kii marammat naheen kii jaa sakati haye tou koshikaon koo nasht curr dete hain. way dna double-strand break kii truti-mukt marammat mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika key saath gunasutra kshati kii marammat mein shamil hain. yadi "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" yaa "bee. aar. see. aeye. 2" swayam bee. aar. see. aeye. utparivartan seey kshatigrast hoe jaataa haye, tou kshatigrast dee. aine. aeye. kii thheek seey marammat naheen kii jaati haye, aur isase stun cancer kaa khatra badh jaataa haye. "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" aur "bee. aar. see. aeye. 2" koo "stun cancer samvedansheelta jeane" aur "stun cancer samvedansheelta protein" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. pramukh elil mein ack samanya, tumour damankari kaary hotaa haye jabaki inn jeane mein uchch pravesh utparivartan tumour damankari kaary key nuksan kaa kaaran banata haye joe stun cancer key badhate jokhim key saath sambandhit haye.
"bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" anya tumour suppressor, dee. aine. aeye. kshati samvedak aur sanket transducer key saath milkar ack badaa bahu-upa-ikai protein parisar banaata haye jise "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1".................................................................................................................................................................................................... bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" protein aar. aine. aeye. polymerase II key saath sambaddh hotaa haye, aur see-terminal domen key madhyam seey, histone dacitylase complexes key saath bhee baatchit kartaa haye. iss prakaar, yeh protein pratilekhan mein ack bhoomika nibhaata haye, aur double-strand dna kii dna marammat sarvavyaapi, pratilekhan viniyaman key saath-saath anya karyon koo bhee todati haye.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" aur "bee. aar. see. aeye. 2" mein utparivartan key saath ack rogi kii sambhavana kaa pareekshan karane key tareeke cancer vikasit karane vaale patent dwara cover kiye gaye they joe asankhya aanuvanshiki dwara swaamitva yaa niyantrit they. naidaanik pareekshan kii peshkash karane key liye myriod key vyaavsaayik model ney 1994 mein ack startup honey key kaaran 1200 karmchaariyon key saath saarvajanik roop seey karobar karane vaali company aur 2012 mein vaarshik rajaswa mein lagbhag 500 million dollar taka kaa netritva kiya; isane uchch kimaton aur anya naidaanik prayogshalaon seey doosari raay praapt karane mein asamarthata parr bhee vivaad paida kiya, jisake parinamswarup aanvik vikriti vigyaan key liye aitihaasik sangathan banaam. asankhya aanuvanshiki "mukadama.
khoj.
stun cancer kii samvedansheelta mein shamil dna marammat enzyme koo encoding karane vaale jeane key astitva kaa pahala saboot 1990 mein yuu. see. berkley mein mairi-clair king kii prayogshala dwara pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. chaar saal baad, ise khojane key liye ack antarrashtriya daud key baad, jeane koo 1994 mein yuu. tii. aeye. vishvavidyalaya, rashtriya paryaavaran swaasthya vigyaan sansthaan (aine. aaee. ee. aich. aiss.) aur asankhya aanuvanshiki key vaigyaanikon dwara pratiroopit kiya gayaa thaa.
jeane kaa sthaan.
maanav "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1". jeane gunasutra 17 kii lambi (kyu) bhuja parr kshetra 2 baind 1 parr sthit haye, aadhar jodee 41,196,312 seey aadhar jodee 41,277,500 (billed jee. aar. aich. 37/aich. jee. 19) (maanchitra) taka. "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" orthologue kii pehchaan adhikansh kasheruki jeevon mein kii gaee haye jinake liye poorna genome detta upalabdh haye.
protein sanrachana.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein mein nimnalikhit kshetra hotey hainh
iss protein mein paramanu sthaaniyakaran sanket aur paramanu niryaat sanket rupankanon bhee hotey hain.
maanav bee. aar. see. aeye. 1. protein mein chaar pramukh protein domen hotey hain; jaid. aine. aff. see. 3aich. see. 4-ring domen, bee. aar. see. aeye. 1. serine domen aur dou bee. aar. tii. domen. yeye domen lagbhag 27 pratishat bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein koo kootbaddh karate hain. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 key chhah gyaat isophorm hain, jinamen seey pratyek mein 1863 emino acid shamil hain.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kaa bee. aar. see. aeye. 2, aaee. seey koee sambandh naheen haye.ee. way samroopata yaa samanantarta naheen hain.
jastaa ring finger domen.
eukariotic peptides mein paaee jaane vaali ack jdn ungli, ring motif, 40-60 amino acid lambi hoti haye aur isamen aathh sanrakshit dhaatu-badhyakari avashesh hotey hain, cysteine yaa hystidine avasheshon key dou chaturthansh joe dou jastaa parmaanuon kaa samanvaya karate hain. iss rupankan mein ack chhoti anty-parallel beeta-sheet, dou jink-binding loop aur ack chhote seey kshetra mein ack kendriya alfa helix shamil hain. yeh ring domen sambandhit protein key saath baatchit kartaa haye, jisamen bard1 bhee shamil haye, jisamen ack ring motif bhee hotaa haye, jisase ack heterodymer banata haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 ring motif koo bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein key avasheshon 8-22 aur 81-96 dwara banaae gaye alfa helix dwara gher liya jaataa haye. yeh bard1 mein ack samroop kshetra key saath baatchit kartaa haye jisamen ack angoothi ungli hoti haye joe avasheshon 36-48 aur 101-116 seey baney dou alfa-hellis seey ghiri hoti haye. yeye chaar hellis ack heterodimerisation interfaces banaane aur braka1-bard1 heterodymer complexes koo sthir karane key liye sanyojan karate hain. paarshv kshetra mein aasann avasheshon aur hydrophobic antahkriyaon key beach antahkriya dwara atirikt sthirikaran praapt kiya jaataa haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 mein tumergenic emino acid pratisthaapan dwara bard1/bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii antahkriya baadhit hoti haye, jiska arth haye kii inn proteins key beach ack sthir parisar kaa gathan bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 tumour daman kaa ack aavashyak pahalu hoe sakata haye.
ring domen ubquitin ee3 ligses kaa ack mahatvapurna tatva haye, joe protein ubiquitination koo utprerit kartaa haye. ubiquitin ack chhota niyaamak protein haye joe sabhi ootakon mein paaya jaataa haye joe koshika key bheetar dibbon mein protein koo nirdeshit kartaa haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 polypeptides, vishesh roop seey, liss-48 seey judee polyubiquitin shrinkhalaaen vishram koshika naabhik mein faili hui hain, lekin dee. aine. aeye. pratikriti kii shuruat mein, way sanyamit samoohon mein ikattha hoti hain jinamen bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 aur bee. aar. dee. 1 bhee hotey hain. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 koo sarvavyaapi honey key liye protein lakshyon kii pehchaan aur bandhan mein shamil maanaa jaataa haye. yeh protein seey judataa haye aur unhein vinash key liye label kartaa haye. sarvavyaapeeta bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 sanlayan protein key madhyam seey hoti haye aur jink chillation dwara samaapt hoe jaati haye. sanlayan protein kii enzyme gatividhi ring domen key uchit taha parr nirbhar karati haye.
serin cluster domen.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 serin cluster domen (aiss. see. dee.) amino acid 1280-1524 mein faila huaa haye. domen kaa ack hissa exon 11-13 mein sthit haye. exon 11-13 mein utparivartan kii uchch darein hoti hain. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 key phosphorylation saiton kii soochana aiss. see. dee. mein kendrit hoti haye, jahaan way vitro aur vivo donon mein aeye. tii. aim./attress kinnesses dwara phosphorylate kiye jaate hain. aeye. tii. aim./aeye. tii. aar. dee. aine. aeye. kshati dwara sakriya sambandh hain. syrine avasheshon kaa utparivartan dee. aine. aeye. kshati aur dee. aine. aeye. kshati pratikriya kaary key sthalon parr bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 key sthaaniyakaran koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye.
bee. aar. tii. domen.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein kaa dohra doharaae jaane vaalaa bee. aar. tii. domen lagbhag 70 saal lamba aur 30-35 chauda ack lamba dhancha haye. bee. aar. tii. mein 85-95 emino acid domen koo ekal module key roop mein yaa dou domen vaale kaee tendam repeat key roop mein paaya jaa sakata haye. yeye donon sambhaavanaaen ack hii protein mein vibhinn prakaar key anuroopan mein hoe sakati hain. dee. aine. aeye. kii marammat, pratilekhan viniyaman aur tumour daman kaary key liye bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein kaa see-terminal bee. aar. tii. kshetra aavashyak haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 mein dohare tendam repeat bee. aar. tii. domen koo tri-ayami sanrachana mein ack haid-too-tail-fashion mein vyavasthit kiya jaataa haye, joe 1600 mein hydrophobic, vilaayak-sulabh satah kshetra koo interfaces mein dafan kartaa haye. yeye sabhi kaskar paik kiye gaye ghunghrale chhed sanrachana mein yogdan karate hain jisamen interfaces shamil hotaa haye. yeye samroop domen dee. aine. aeye. kshati key liye cellular pratikriyaon koo niyantrit karane key liye baatchit karate hain. inn dou proteins key interfaces parr ack missense utparivartan koshika chakr koo baadhit curr sakata haye, jisake parinamswarup cancer honey kaa adhik khatra hoe sakata haye.
kaary aur tantra.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 ack parisar kaa hissa haye joe dee. aine. aeye. mein double-strand break kii marammat kartaa haye. dee. aine. aeye. double helix key taar lagaatar toot rahey hain kyonki way kshatigrast hoe jaate hain. kabhi-kabhi kewal ack hii taar toot jaataa haye, kabhi-kabhi donon taar ack saath toot jaate hain. dna cross-linking agent gunasutra/dna kshati kaa ack mahatvapurna srot hain. cross-link koo hataane key baad dohare-strand break madhyavarti key roop mein hotey hain, aur vaastav mein, "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" mein bilellic utparivartan koo fanconi anaemia, poorak samooh aiss (aff. aeye.-aiss), dee. aine. aeye. cross-linking agents key prati atisamvedansheelta seey judee ack aanuvanshik bimari key liye jimmedaar maanaa gayaa haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 ack protein parisar kaa hissa haye joe donon taaron key tootane parr dee. aine. aeye. kii marammat kartaa haye. jaba aisaa hotaa haye, tou marammat tantra key liye yeh "jaanana" mushkil hotaa haye kii sahee dna anukram koo kaise badala jaae, aur marammat kaa prayaas karane key kaee tareeke hain. double-strand marammat tantra jisamen bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 bhaag letaa haye, homology-nirdeshit marammat haye, jahan marammat protein akshunna bahan chromated seey samaan anukram kii nakal karate hain. aff. aeye.-aiss. lagbhag hamesha garbhashay mein ack ghaatak sthiti hoti haye; ashkenazim mein uchch vaahak aavrittiyon key bavjood saahitya mein kewal bilelic braka1 utparivartan key kuchh mamle darj kiye gaye hain, aur 2013 key baad seey koee naheen.
kaee prakaar kii samanya koshikaon key kendrak mein, dee. aine. aeye. double-strand break kii marammat key dauran bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein redd 51 key saath baatchit kartaa haye. yeye viram praakritik vikiran yaa anya samparkon key kaaran hoe sakate hain, lekin yeh taba bhee hotaa haye jaba gunasutra aanuvanshik samagri (samroop punarsanyojan, ee.jee.ardhasutran key dauran "paar karna"). bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 protein, jiska kaary bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 key samaan hotaa haye, bhee redd 51 protein key saath antahkriya kartaa haye. dee. aine. aeye. kshati kii marammat koo prabhaavit karke, yeye teen protein maanav genome kii sthirata banaae rakhane mein bhoomika nibhaate hain.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 ack anya prakaar kii dee. aine. aeye. marammat mein bhee shamil haye, jise bemel marammat kahaa jaataa haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1. dee. aine. aeye. bemel marammat protein aim. aiss. aich. 2. aim. aiss. aich. 2. aim. aiss. aich. 6. parp aur ekal-khand marammat mein shamil kuchh anya protein key saath baatchit kartaa haye, joe bee. aar. see. aeye. 1-kii kamee vaale stun tumour mein unnat honey kii soochana haye.
valocin yukt protein (vcp, jise pee97 key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) naamak ack protein kshatigrast dna saiton parr bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii bharti karane mein bhoomika nibhaata haye. aayaneekaran vikiran key baad, vcp koo dna ghaavon key liye bharti kiya jaataa haye aur kushal dsb marammat key liye sanket parisaron kii assembly koo vyavasthit karane key liye ubquitin ligage rnf8 key saath sahyog kartaa haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1. vee. see. pee. key saath antahkriya kartaa haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 see-mike aur anya proteins key saath bhee baatchit kartaa haye joe genome sthirata banaae rakhane key liye mahatvapurna hain.
braca1 shaakhaon vaali dna sanrachanaon key liye uchch aatmiyata key saath seedhe dna seey judataa haye. dee. aine. aeye. seey judane kii yeh kshamata aim. aar. aine. parisar kii naabhikiya gatividhi koo rokane kii isaki kshamata key saath-saath akele aim. aar. ee. 11 kii naabhikiya gatividhi mein yogdan detee haye. yeh gair-samroop anta judaav (aine. aich. ee. jey.) dwara nimn nishtha dee. aine. aeye. marammat koo badhaava dene key liye bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 key liye ack bhoomika kii vyakhya curr sakata haye. dee. aine. aeye. double-strand break repair fosiyon mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1, γ-aich2aiks (histone aich2aiks phosphorylated onn serine-139) key saath bhee collocalise kartaa haye, joe darshaata haye kii yeh marammat karakon kii bharti mein bhoomika nibha sakata haye.
formaldehyde aur acetaldehyde dee. aine. aeye. cross link key samanya paryavaraniya srot hain jinhen aksar bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 yukt maargon dwara marammat kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
yeh dee. aine. aeye. marammat kaary aavashyak haye; donon bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 elil mein kaary-haani utparivartan vaale choohon key vyavharya naheen hain, aur 2015 taka kewal dou vayaskon koo donon elil mein kaary-haani utparivartan key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa (aff. aeye.-aiss kii or leey jaataa haye); donon mein janmajaat yaa vikasatmak mudde they, aur donon koo cancer thaa. maanaa jaataa thaa kii ack vayaskata taka jeevit rhaa kyonki bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 utparivartan mein seey ack hypomorphic thaa.
pratilekhan.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 koo hella ark mein maanav aar. aine. aeye. polymerase II holoenzyme key saath saha-shuddh karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa thaa, jiska arth haye kii yeh holoenzyme kaa ack ghatak haye. halanki, baad key shodh ney iss dhaarana kaa khandan kiya, isake bajaay yeh dikhaaya kii hella koshikaon mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 sahit pramukh parisar 2 megadelton parisar haye jisamen swai/aiss. aine. aff. haye. swai/aiss. aine. aff. ack chromatin punarnirmaan parisar haye. chromatin key liye bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 key kritrim teathering koo vishamkromati koo vikendrikrit karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa thaa, halanki iss bhoomika key liye swai/aiss. aine. aff. antahkriya kshetra aavashyak naheen thaa. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1, nelaf-bee (kobra 1) upa-ikai key saath antahkriya kartaa haye.
utparivartan aur cancer kaa khatra.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1". jeane kii kuchh bhinnataon seey vanshaanugat stun-andashay cancer syndrome key hisse key roop mein stun cancer kaa khatra badh jaataa haye. shodhkartaon ney "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" jeane mein saikadon utparivartanon kii pehchaan kii haye, jinamen seey kaee cancer key badhate jokhim seey judey hain. asamanya bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 yaa bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 jeane vaali mahilaaon mein 90 varsh kii ayu taka stun cancer honey kaa 80 pratishat taka kaa khatra hotaa haye; bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 utparivartan vaali mahilaaon key liye andashay key cancer key vikas kaa khatra lagbhag 55 pratishat aur bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 utparivartan vaali mahilaaon key liye lagbhag 25 pratishat haye.
yeye utparivartan ack yaa ack chhoti sankhya mein dee. aine. aeye. aadhar jode (dee. aine. aeye. key nirmaan-khand) mein parivartan hoe sakate hain, aur pee. see. aar. aur dee. aine. aeye. anukraman key saath pehchaane jaa sakate hain.
kuchh mamalon mein, dee. aine. aeye. key badey khandon koo punarvyavasthit kiya jaataa haye. una badey khandon koo, jinhen badee punarvyavastha bhee kahaa jaataa haye, jeane mein ack yaa kaee exon kaa vilopan yaa dohrao hoe sakata haye. utparivartan kaa pataa lagaane (anukraman) key liye shaastriya tareeke iss prakaar key utparivartan koo prakat karane mein asamarth hain. anya vidhiyon kaa prastaav kiya gayaa haih paaramparik matratmak pee. see. aar., bahu-bandhan-nirbhar jaanch pravardhan (aim. ell. pee. aeye.), aur laghu pratideepti tukadon (kyu. aim. pee. aiss. aff.) kaa matratmak bahu-shreni pee. see. aar.. haal hii mein naee vidhiyon kaa bhee prastaav kiya gayaa haih bahu-keshika electrophoresis dwara heteroduplex vishleshan (hda) yaa tulanaatmak genomic sankaran (sarani-see. aich. aich.) key aadhar parr samarpit oligonucleotide sarani.
kuchh parinam bataate hain kii kuchh cancers mein report kiye gaye bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 pravartak key atee-methylan koo bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 abhivyakti key liye ack nishkriya tantra key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye.
ack utparivartit "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" jeane aamtaur parr ack protein banaata haye joe thheek seey kaam naheen kartaa haye. shodhkartaon kaa maanana haye kii doshpurna bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein dee. aine. aeye. kshati koo thheek karane mein madad karane mein asamarth haye jisase anya jeane mein utparivartan hotaa haye. yeye utparivartan jamaa hoe sakate hain aur koshikaon koo badhane aur aniyantrit roop seey vibhajit karane kii anumati dey sakate hain taaki tumour bunn sakey. iss prakaar, bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 key nishkriya utparivartan seey cancer kii pravritti hoe jaati haye.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 aim. aar. aine. aeye. 3 'yuu. tii. aar. koo ack mirna, meer-17 microrna dwara bandha jaa sakata haye. yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii mirr-30 microrna key saath iss mirna mein bhinnata stun cancer kii samvedansheelta pradaan curr sakati haye.
stun cancer key alawa, "braca1" jeane mein utparivartan bhee andashay aur prostate cancer key jokhim koo badhaata haye. isake alawa, phalopian tube key bheetar poorv-cancer vaale ghaavon (dysplasia) koo "braka1" jeane utparivartan seey jodaa gayaa haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 aur bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 vaale model maarg mein kaheen bhee rogjanak utparivartan leukemia aur lymphoma key upasamuchchay key liye jokhim koo bahut badhaate hain.
jinn mahilaaon koo ack doshpurna bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 yaa bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 jeane viraasat mein milaa haye, unhein stun aur andashay key cancer key vikas kaa bahut adhik khatra hotaa haye. stun aur/yaa andashay key cancer key vikas kaa unakaa jokhim itna adhik haye, aur una cancers key liye itna vishisht haye kii kaee utparivartan vaahak rognirodhi sergery karna chunate hain. iss tarah key spasht roop seey hadataali ootak vishishtata kii vyakhya karane key liye bahut anuman lagaae gaye hain. pramukh nirdhaarak jahan bee. aar. see. aeye. 1/2 vanshaanugat cancer hotey hain, way cancer rogjanak key ootak vishishtata seey sambandhit hotey hain, vaha agent joe purani soojan yaa carcinogen kaa kaaran banata haye. lakshit ootak mein rogjanak key liye receptors hoe sakate hain, joe ack soojan prakriya yaa ack carcinogen key liye chuninda roop seey ujagar hoe sakate hain. tumour suppressor jeane mein ack janmajaat genomic kamee samanya pratikriyaon koo baadhit karati haye aur anga lakshyon mein roga kii samvedansheelta koo badhaati haye. yeh siddhant bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 yaa bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 seey parey kaee tumour suppressor key liye detta koo bhee fitt kartaa haye. iss model kaa ack pramukh laabh yeh haye kii yeh sujhaav detaa haye kii rognirodhi sergery key alawa kuchh vikalp hoe sakate hain.
jaisa kii oopar bataaya gayaa haye, bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 jeane kii bilelic aur homozygus viraasat aff. aeye.-aiss. kii or leey jaati haye, joe lagbhag hamesha bhroon kii tarah ghaatak sthiti hoti haye.
stun aur andashay key cancer mein "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" kii cumm abhivyakti.
adhikansh uchch shreni key, ductal stun cancer mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 abhivyakti cumm yaa agyaat haye. yeh lambe samay seey nott kiya gayaa haye kii roganu-rekha utparivartan yaa jeane abhivyakti key down-regulation dwara, bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 gatividhi kaa nuksan, vishisht lakshya ootakon mein tumour key gathan kii or leey jaataa haye. vishesh roop seey, cumm hui bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 abhivyakti chhitput aur viraasat mein praapt stun tumour pragati donon mein yogdan detee haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii cumm abhivyakti tumergenic haye kyonki yeh dee. aine. aeye. kshati kii marammat mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye, vishesh roop seey double-strand break, homologous punarsanyojan key sambhaavit truti-mukt maarg dwara. choonki jinn koshikaon mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein kii kamee hoti haye, way vaikalpik adhik truti-pravan tantra dwara dee. aine. aeye. nuksan kii marammat karati hain, iss protein kii kamee yaa maunata utparivartan aur sakal gunasutra punarvyavastha utpann karati haye joe stun cancer kii pragati kaa kaaran bunn sakati haye.
isi tarah, chhitput upkala andashay cancer (eoc) key adhikansh (55 pratishat) mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 abhivyakti cumm haye, jahaan eoc andashay key cancer kaa sabse aam prakaar haye, joe lagbhag 90 pratishat andashay key cancer kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. seeras dimbagranthi carcinoma mein, ack upa-shreni joe lagbhag 2/3 eoc kaa gathan karati haye, cumm bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 abhivyakti 50 pratishat seey adhik mamalon mein hoti haye. bottel ney saahitya kii sameeksha kii joe darshaata haye kii bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii kamee key kaaran honey vaali samroop punarsanyojan kii kamee tumergenic haye. vishesh roop seey yeh kamee aanvik ghatnaaon key ack cascade kii shuruat karati haye joe uchch shreni key seeras andashay key cancer key vikas koo moort roop detee haye aur chikitsa key liye isaki pratikriya koo nirdeshit karati haye. vishesh roop seey dhyaan diyaa gayaa kii bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii kamee tumergensis kaa kaaran hoe sakati haye, chaahe vaha bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 utparivartan key kaaran hoe yaa kissy anya ghatana key kaaran joe bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 abhivyakti kii kamee kaa kaaran banati haye.
stun aur andashay key cancer mein "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" kaa utparivartan.
kewal stun cancer vaali sabhi mahilaaon mein seey lagbhag 3%-8% mein hii BRCA1 yaa BRCA2 mein utparivartan hotaa haye. isi tarah, "BRCA1" utparivartan kewal lagbhag 18 pratishat dimbagranthi key cancer (13 pratishat germaline utparivartan aur 5 pratishat shaaririk utparivartan) mein dekhaa jaataa haye.
iss prakaar, jabaki inmein seey adhikansh cancers mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 abhivyakti cumm haye, "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" utparivartan cumm abhivyakti kaa ack pramukh kaaran naheen haye. kuchh avyakt virus, joe aksar stun cancer tumour mein paae jaate hain, braca1 jeane kii abhivyakti koo cumm curr sakate hain aur stun tumour key vikas kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain.
"bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" stun aur andashay key cancer mein hypermethylisation koo badhaava detaa haye.
"bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" pravartak hypermethylan kewal 13 pratishat anirdhaarit praathamik stun cancer mein maujood thaa. isi tarah, "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" pravartak hypermethylan kewal 5 pratishat seey 15 pratishat ee. oh. see. mamalon mein maujood thaa.
iss prakaar, jabaki inn cancers mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 abhivyakti cumm haye, "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" pravartak methylation kewal cumm abhivyakti kaa ack mamuli kaaran haye.
stun cancer mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kaa microrna daman.
kaee vishisht microrna hotey hain, jaba adhik tanaav hotaa haye, joe stun cancer key mamle mein vishisht dna marammat protein kii abhivyakti koo seedhe cumm karate hain (microrna anubhaag dna marammat aur cancer dekhein), microrna-182 (mirr-182) vishesh roop seey braka1 koo lakshit kartaa haye. stun cancer koo receptor sthiti yaa histology key aadhar parr vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye, jisamen triple-negative stun cancer (stun cancer kaa 15%-25%), unakaa 2 + (stun cancer kaa 15%-30%), air +/pr + (lagbhag 70 pratishat aakramak stun cancer), aur aakramak lobular carcinoma (lagbhag 5%-10%). sabhi chaar prakaar key stun cancer mein samanya stun ootak kii tulanaa mein meer-182 mein ausatan lagbhag 100 gunaa vriddhi paaee gaee. stun cancer koshika rekhaaon mein, mirr-182 abhivyakti key saath bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein star kaa ack vyutkram sahsambandh haye. iss prakaar yeh prateet hotaa haye kii uchch shreni key ductal stun cancer mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii kamee yaa anupasthiti adhik-abhivyakt mirr-182 key kaaran hoe sakati haye.
meer-182 key alawa, lagbhag samaan microrna, meer-146aeye aur meer-146bee-5pee kii ack jodee, bhee braka1 abhivyakti koo dabaati haye. yeye dou microrna triple-negative tumour mein adhik-abhivyakt hotey hain aur unake adhik-abhivyakti key parinamswarup bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 nishkriya hoe jaataa haye. iss prakaar, mirr-146aeye aur/yaa mirr-146bee-5pee bhee inn triple-negative stun cancers mein braka1 kii abhivyakti koo cumm karane mein yogdan curr sakate hain.
andashay key cancer mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kaa sookshm daman.
donon seeras tubal intrapethalial carcinoma (uchch shreni key seeras ovarian carcinoma (hg-soc) key liye poorvavarti ghaav) mein, aur hg-soc mein hii, lagbhag 70 pratishat mamalon mein meer-182 adhik hotaa haye. adhik-abhivyakt mirr-182 vaali koshikaon mein, aayaneekaran vikiran key sampark mein aaney key baad bhee (joe aam taur parr braka-1 abhivyakti koo badhaata haye) braka-1 cumm rhaa. iss prakaar aich. jee.-aiss. oh. see. mein cumm yaa anupasthit bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kaa adhikansh bhaag atee-abhivyakt meer-182 key kaaran hoe sakata haye.
andashay key cancer koshikaon mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii abhivyakti koo cumm karane key liye jaanaa jaane vaalaa ack anya microrna meer-9 haye. stage IIic yaa stage IV seeras ovarian cancer (aich. jee.-sog) key rogiyon key 58 tumours mein, meer-9 aur bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii abhivyaktiyon key beach ack vipareet sahsambandh paaya gayaa thaa, taaki mirr-9 mein vriddhi inn andashay key cancer mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 kii abhivyakti koo cumm karane mein bhee yogdan dey sakey.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" abhivyakti kii kamee sambhavatah tumergenic haye.
dee. aine. aeye. kshati cancer kaa praathamik antarnihit kaaran prateet hotaa haye, aur dee. aine. aeye. marammat mein kamiyaan cancer key kaee roopon koo rekhaankit karati hain. yadi dee. aine. aeye. kii marammat mein kamee haye, tou dee. aine. aeye. kshati jamaa hoe jaati haye. iss tarah kii atirikt dee. aine. aeye. kshati truti-pravan translation sanshleshan key kaaran dee. aine. aeye. pratikriti key dauran utparivartan trutiyon koo badhaa sakati haye. dee. aine. aeye. kii marammat key dauran trutiyon key kaaran atirikt dee. aine. aeye. kshati bhee epigenetic parivartanon koo badhaa sakati haye. iss tarah key utparivartan aur epigenetic parivartan cancer koo janm dey sakate hain. stun aur andashay key cancer mein "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" kii baar-baar microrna-prerit kamee una cancers kii pragati mein yogdan karati haye.
roganu-rekha utparivartan aur sansthaapak prabhaav.
aaj taka pehchaane gaye sabhi roganu-rekha bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 utparivartan viraasat mein mille hain, joe ack badey "sansthaapak" prabhaav kii sambhavana kaa sujhaav dete hain jisamen ack nishchit utparivartan ack achchi tarah seey paribhaashit jansankhya samooh key liye aam haye aur siddhant roop mein, ack samanya poorvaj seey vaapas paaya jaa sakata haye. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 key liye utparivartan jaanch kii jatilata koo dekhate hue, yeye samanya utparivartan kuchh aabaadi mein utparivartan jaanch key liye aavashyak tarikon koo saral banaa sakate hain. uchch aavritti key saath honey vaale utparivartanon kaa vishleshan bhee unaki naidaanik abhivyakti key adhyayan kii anumati detaa haye. ashkenazi yahoodiyon key beach ack sansthaapak prabhaav key abhivyaktiyon key udaaharan dekhe jaate hain. viraasat mein mille braca1 seey sambandhit stun aur/yaa andashay key cancer vaale adhikansh ashkenazi yahudi rogiyon key liye braca1 mein teen utparivartanon kii soochana dee gaee haih braca1 jeane mein 185 delag, 188 delag11 aur 5382 ins. vaastav mein, yeh dikhaaya gayaa haye kii yadi ack yahudi mahila mein ack bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 185 delag, bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 5382ins. see. sansthaapak utparivartan naheen haye, tou yeh atyadhik sambhavana naheen haye kii ack alag bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 utparivartan paaya jaayega. bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 mein sansthaapak utparivartan key atirikt udaaharan talika 1 mein diye gaye hain (mukhya roop seey isase praapt).
mahila prajanan kshamata.
jaise-jaise mahilaaon kii umr badhati haye, prajanan pradarshan mein girawat aatee haye, jisase rajonivritti hoe jaati haye. yeh girawat andashay key romon kii sankhya mein kamee seey judee hui haye. haalaanki maanav andashay mein janm key samay lagbhag 10 laakh andkosh maujood hotey hain, lekin inmein seey kewal 500 (lagbhag 0.05%) andashay hotey hain. andashay key bhandar mein girawat umr key saath lagaatar badhati darr seey hoti prateet hoti haye, aur lagbhag 52 varsh kii ayu taka bhandar kaa lagbhag poorna thakawat hoe jaataa haye. kyonki andashay key bhandar aur umr key saath prajanan kshamata mein girawat aatee haye, garbhavastha kii viphalata aur ardhajeevi trutiyon mein bhee samanantar vriddhi hoti haye, jisake parinamswarup gunasutron mein asamanya avadhaaranaaen hoti hain.
roganu-rekha "brka1" utparivartan vaali mahilaaon mein andakoshika bhandar cumm hotaa haye aur samanya roop seey umr badhane vaali mahilaaon kii tulanaa mein prajanan kshamata mein kamee aatee haye. isake alawa, viraasat mein mille "braka1" utparivartan vaali mahilaaon koo samay seey pahale rajonivritti hoe jaati haye. choonki bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 ack pramukh dee. aine. aeye. marammat protein haye, inn nishkarshon seey pataa chalata haye kii andkoshon mein praakritik roop seey honey vaale dee. aine. aeye. nuksan kii marammat "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" dosh vaali mahilaaon mein cumm kushalata seey kii jaati haye, aur yeh kii iss marammat kii akshamta seey praarambhik prajanan viphalata hoti haye.
jaisa kii oopar ullekh kiya gayaa haye, bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein samroop punarsanyojit marammat mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye. yeh ekmatra gyaat cellular prakriya haye joe dna double-strand break kii sateek marammat curr sakati haye. dna double-strand tootana manushyon mein umr key saath aur choohe mein adim rome mein jamaa hoe jaataa haye. adim rome mein andkosh hotey hain joe ardhasutri vibhaajak key madhyavarti (charan i) charan mein hotey hain. ardhasutri vibhraya eukariotic jeevon mein samanya prakriya haye jisake dwara roganu koshikaaen banati hain, aur yeh sambhavatah roganu rekha dna seey dna nuksan, vishesh roop seey double-strand break koo hataane key liye ack anukoolan haye. (lekh ardhasutran bhee dekhein). bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 koo niyojit karate hue samroop punarsanyojit marammat koo vishesh roop seey ardhasutri vibhaajak key dauran badhaava diyaa jaataa haye. yeh paaya gayaa kii dna double-strand break ("brca1, mre11, redd51" aur "atm") kii samroop punarsanyojit marammat key liye aavashyak chaar pramukh jeane kii abhivyakti manushyon aur choohon key andkoshon mein umr key saath girawat aatee haye, jisase yeh parikalpana hoti haye kii dna double-strand break kii marammat andakoshika bhandar key rakharkhaav key liye aavashyak haye aur umr key saath marammat kii dakshata mein girawat andashay kii umr badhane mein bhoomika nibhaati haye.
cancer chemotherapy.
gair-chhoti koshika fefadon kaa cancer (aine. aiss. see. ell. see.) duniya bhar mein cancer seey honey vaali mauton kaa pramukh kaaran haye. nidan key samay, aine. aiss. see. ell. see. vaale lagbhag 70 pratishat vyaktiyon koo sthaaniya roop seey unnat yaa metastatic bimari hoti haye. aine. aiss. see. ell. see. vaale vyaktiyon kaa aksar chikitsiya platinum yaugikon (jaise.jee. sisplatin, carboplatin yaa oxaliplatin) joe dee. aine. aeye. mein antar-khand cross-link kaa kaaran banata haye. aine. aiss. see. ell. see. vaale vyaktiyon mein, praathamik tumour mein "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" kii cumm abhivyakti platinum yukt chemotherapy key baad behtar uttarjeevita key saath sahsambaddh haye. iss sahsambandh kaa tatparya haye kii cancer mein cumm bee. aar. see. aeye. 1, aur parinamswarup dee. aine. aeye. marammat kaa nimn star, dee. aine. aeye. cross-linking agents dwara upchaar key liye cancer kii bhedyata kaa kaaran banata haye. uchch bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 ack aise maarg mein kaary karke cancer koshikaon kii raksha curr sakata haye joe platinum davaaon dwara pesh kiye gaye dee. aine. aeye. mein nuksan koo door kartaa haye. iss prakaar "bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" abhivyakti kaa star fefadon key cancer prabandhan mein chemotherapy koo anukoolit karane key liye ack sambhaavit roop seey mahatvapurna upkaran haye.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1" abhivyakti kaa star andashay key cancer key upchaar key liye bhee praasangik haye. chhitput dimbagranthi key cancer vaale rogiyon, jinka platinum davaaon key saath ilaaj kiya gayaa thaa, key jeevit rahane kaa ausat samay adhik thaa yadi unaki "braca1" abhivyakti uchch "braca1" abhivyakti vaale rogiyon kii tulanaa mein cumm thee (33 maheenon kii tulanaa mein 46).
patent, pravartan, mukadama aur vivaad.
oopar charcha kiye gaye prithak bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 jeane aur cancer koo badhaava dene vaale utparivartan key liye ack patent aavedan, saath hii stun cancer honey kii sambhavana kaa nidan karane key tarikon key baare mein 1994 mein yuu. tii. aeye. vishvavidyalaya, rashtriya paryaavaran swaasthya vigyaan sansthaan (aine. aaee. ee. aich. aiss.) aur asankhya aanuvanshiki dwara daayar kiya gayaa thaa; agale varsh, myrid, (endo reeche, ink. mein jaanchkartaon key sahyog seey.aich. aiss. see. anusandhaan aur vikas seemit saajhedaari, aur pensylvania vishvavidyalaya), bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 jeane koo alag aur anukramit kiya aur pramukh utparivartanon kii pehchaan kii, aur yuu. mein pahala bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 patent daayar kiya gayaa.aiss. 1995 mein asankhya aur anya sansthanon dwara. asankhya inn patents kaa vishesh licensedhari haye aur naidaanik naidaanik prayogshalaon key khilaf unhein sanyukt raajya america mein lagu kiya haye. iss vyavasaay model ney 1994 mein asankhya startup honey seey laker 1200 karmchaariyon key saath saarvajanik roop seey karobar karane vaali company aur 2012 mein vaarshik rajaswa mein lagbhag 500 million dollar taka kaa netritva kiya; isane uchch kimaton aur anya naidaanik prayogshalaon seey doosari raay praapt karane mein asamarthata parr bhee vivaad paida kiya, jisake parinamswarup aanvik vikriti vigyaan key liye aitihaasik sangathan banaam. asankhya aanuvanshiki "mukadama. patent 2014 mein samaapt honey lagey.
2010 mein journal mein prakaashit ack lekh, "aanuvanshik chikitsa" key anusaar, "sanyukt raajya america key baahar patent kahani adhik jatil haye... udaaharan key liye, patent praapt kiye gaye hain lekin kanada mein praantiya swaasthya pranaliyon dwara patent koo nazarandaj kiya jaa rhaa haye. australia aur britten mein, myrid key licensedhari ney swaasthya pranaliyon dwara upayog kii anumati dee lekin agast 2008 mein yojanaon mein badalaav kii ghoshana kii. myrid key ekmatra europeeya-vyaapi patent mein kewal ack utparivartan kaa patent kiya gayaa haye, halanki kuchh patent ack vipakshi kaaryavaahi kii sameeksha key tahat hain. vaastav mein, sanyukt raajya america ekmatra adhikaar kshetra haye jahan myrid kii majboot patent sthiti ney ekmatra pradaata kaa darja pradaan kiya haye."peater meldrum, asankhya aanuvanshiki key mukhya karyakari adhikaari, ney sweekaar kiya haye kii europe mein" anya pratispardhi laabh hain joe iss tarah key [patent] pravartan koo anaavashyak banaa sakate hain. 
kissy bhee jeane kii tarah, bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 mein bhinnata khojana kathin naheen haye. vaastavik moolya yeh samajhane seey aataa haye kii kissy vishesh prakaar key naidaanik parinam kyaa hain. myrid mein iss tarah key genotype-phenotype sahsambandhon kaa ack badaa, swaamitva databases haye. isake jawab mein, samanantar mukt srot databases vikasit kiye jaa rahey hain.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 aur bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 patent key aspas key kanuni nirnay samanya roop seey aanuvanshik pareekshan key kshetra koo prabhaavit karenge. juuna 2013 kaa ack lekh, "association forr molecular pathology v. asankhya aanuvanshiki "(naheen. 12-398), americi sarvocch nyayalaya key sarvasammat faisale koo uddhrit karate hue kii, "ack praakritik roop seey honey vaalaa DNA khand prakriti kaa ack utpaad haye aur kewal isaliye patent yogya naheen haye kyonki yeh alag-thalag kiya gayaa haye", jisase bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 aur bee. aar. see. aeye. 2 jeane parr myriod key patent amaanya hoe gaye hain. haalaanki, adalat ney yeh bhee maanaa kii prakriti mein naheen paaee jaane vaali cheez banaane key liye ack jeane kaa herfer abhee bhee patent sanrakshan key liye yogya hoe sakata haye. australia kii sanghiya adalat farwari 2013 mein bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 jeane parr ack australiyai asankhya aanuvanshiki patent kii vaidhata koo barkarar rakhate hue vipareet nishkarsh parr pahunchi. sanghiya adalat ney sitambar 2014 mein ack appeal koo bhee khariz curr diyaa. yavon dee 'arcy ney australia key uchch nyayalaya mein us-adharit biotech company myriad aanuvanshiki key khilaf apana mamla jeet liya. 7 octuber, 2015 koo apane sarvasammat nirnay mein, uchch nyayalaya ney paaya kii ack alag naabhikiya aml, ack bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 protein key liye coding, maanak seey vishisht bhinnataon key saath joe stun cancer aur andashay key cancer kii samvedansheelta kaa sanket haye, ack 'patent yogya aavishkaar' naheen thaa.'"
antahkriyaaen.
bee. aar. see. aeye. 1 koo nimnalikhit proteins key saath antahkriya karate hue dikhaaya gayaa haih

