
zdenak firinger

zdenak fringer (11 julaai 1891-2 maee 1976) ack chekoslovak rajanyik aur rajneta they. unhone 1944 seey 1946 taka chekoslovakia key pradhaan mantri key roop mein kaary kiya, pahale landan sthit chekoslovak nirvaasit sarkaar mein aur phir mukt chekoslovakia mein. soviyat sangh key lambe samay taka karib rahane key baad, unakaa naam aksar 1948 mein communist takhtapalat key baad check soshal democratic party key saath checkslovak communist party key vilay seey judaa huaa haye.
vaha paul firinger key chaacha they, joe kaee pee. bee. aiss. cartoonon key liye prasiddh animator they.
praarambhik jeevan.
zdenak firinger moravia mein olmutz shahar mein ack nimn-madhyam varg key check parivaar seey aaya thaa, joe taba austro-hangerian samrajya (abb olomoc, check ganarajya) kaa hissa thaa. unake pitaa sthaaniya hyee school mein french aur angreji key shikshak key roop mein kaam karate they. firinger koo ack ausat darje kaa chhaatr bataaya gayaa thaa, lekin vaha joe bhaashaon key saath utkrisht thaa. unhone 1910 mein olmutz mein business school seey snaatak kiya aur phir roose mein rostove-onn-donn mein shikago kii mccormick antarrashtriya harvester company key liye ack bikri pratinidhi key roop mein kaam kiya. 1914 mein shaahi roose mein rahane vaale 70,000 yaa usase adhik chekon mein seey ack firinger thaa.
pratham vishva yuddh.
unaki austriya-hangri key prati koee nishtha naheen thee aur roose mein rahane vaale kaee anya chekon kii tarah, agast 1914 mein pratham vishva yuddh key prakop parr vaapas naheen lautane kaa faisala kiya, balki roose mein hii rahey.
firinger, rostove-onn-donn mein rahane vaale kaee anya chekon key saath milkar, khud koo "česká druzina" ("check saathi") mein sangathit kiya, joe austriya key khilaf galicia mein ladane key liye shaahi russie senaa mein shamil hoe gayaa. apani peedhi key kaee anya chekon kii tarah, firinger ack rusophile thaa aur roose koo ack mahaan slavic shakti key roop mein dekhta thaa joe check jaise anya slavic logon koo austriyai shasson seey mukt curr dega.
yuddh key dauran, vaha chekoslovak senaa mein shamil hoe gayaa, joe austriya seey swatantrata key liye ladee thee. unhein "bahadur aur niswarth sanic" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. yuddh key maidan mein unaki bahaduri key liye unhein order off sent seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. george chaar baar. anya ladaaiyon key beach, unhone 9veen company key commander key roop mein zaborov kii ladaai mein bhaag liya.
yuddh key baad, unhein ack batalian key commander key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa. julaai 1917 mein, chekoslovak rashtriya parishad, tommus masrick aur edward beney key netritva mein, sanyukt raajya america mein firinger aur emmanuel vosca koo bheja. americi daure kaa uddeshya check-amerikiyon aur slovak-amerikiyon koo check-slovak senaa key liye bharti karna thaa, jisake kaaran unhein apana adhikansh samay madhya-paschim key audyogik shaharon aur pensylvania key koyla aur ispat shaharon mein bitana padaa, aur unhone check aur slovak pravasiyon seey austriya seey swatantrata key liye ladane kii appeal kii.
apane americi bharti daure koo puuraa karane key baad, vaha 1917 key anta mein chekoslovak senaa key saath apana currier phir seey shuru karane key liye france gaye. chekoslovak senaa key anya sadasyon key vipareet, joe roose mein baney rahey aur baad mein cyberia mein ack mahakavya march key dauran russie grihyuddh key dauran safed andolan key liye ladey, firinger ney chekoslovak senaa key diggajon kii saamyvaad virodhi bhaavanaon koo saajha naheen kiya, halanki yeh laal key khilaf ladaa. france pahunchane parr, firinger koo curnell key pada parr padonnat kiya gayaa.
peris mein sthit chekoslovak rashtriya parishad koo 1918 mein france, united kingdam aur sanyukt raajya kii sarkaaron dwara nirvaasit sarkaar key roop mein maanyata dee gaee thee, kyonki sahyogiyon ney yuddh key uddeshya key roop mein austriya key vighatan key liye khud koo pratibaddh kiya thaa. peris mein apane samay key dauran, firinger pahali baar benes seey mille, jinhone nirvaasit sarkaar key netaa, masrick key daahine haath key vyakti key roop mein kaam kiya.
firinger key saath bahut achchi tarah seey milaa benes, joe uska sanrakshak bunn gayaa. check itihaaskaar zbineck zamain aur german itihaaskaar rainer carles ney likhaah "naa tou unake karibi dost they aur donon mehnati aur mahatvakankshi they. ugra mein ahankar kaa ack nishan thaa, joe behad vyaavhaarik thaa aur beney kii tulanaa mein cumm akaadamik roop seey pratibhashali thaa. way ack-dusare key poorak they aur unake charitra mein samaantaon ney unhein ack saath aakarshit karane mein madad kii. unake lambe judaav ney chekoslovakia key itihas parr ack majboot chhaap chhodi.
yuddh key beach kii avadhi mein, benes aur firinger praag mein ack hii sadak parr rahate they. sezimovo esty key baahar graameen ilaakon mein joe vilaa benes kaa swaamitva thaa, vaha firinger key vilaa key thheek buggle mein thaa. donon hii loga ack hii kendra-vaam rajneeti key liye jimmedaar hain.
zamain aur carlush kahate hain, "benesh ney rajanyik shatranj board parr ack mahatvapurna tukade key roop mein firinger kaa upayog kiya.
praarambhik rajanyik carrier.
yuddh key baad, firinger chekoslovakia laut aaya aur rajanyik seva mein shamil hoe gayaa. masarik chekoslovakia key pahale rashtrapati baney aur benesh videsh mantri baney. firinger koo videsh mantralaya key aarthik khand key pramukh key roop mein seva karane key liye beney dwara niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, iss shikayat key bavjood kii unake paas vishvavidyalaya kii degree kii kamee thee aur vaha ack rajanyik honey key liye anupayukt thaa. way neetherland, romania, sanyukt raajya america, switzerland aur austriya mein lagaatar rajdoot they. zamain aur carlush ney likhaah "ugra vyakti aatmavishvaas seey bharaa thaa, apane vichaar vyakt karane mein kund thaa aur visheshagyon key saamane khade honey key liye taiyar thaa. iss avadhi key dauran, vaha edward benes key karibi dost aur sahayogi they.
1924 mein, way check soshal democratic party mein shamil hoe gaye. 1925 seey 1928 taka, unhone washington, dee. see. mein chekoslovak mantri key roop mein kaary kiya, jahan unhein apane gurde mein ack bimari hoe gaee jisake liye unhein chikitsa upchaar key liye switzerland jaanaa padaa.
burn mein chekoslovak mantri key roop mein apane samay key dauran, firinger ney rashtron kii leag key liye chekoslovak pratinidhimandal key pramukh key roop mein bhee kaam kiya, jisake liye unhein leag off nations key satra mein honey parr jineva kaa niyamit daura karna padata thaa. kyonki leag off nations key sabhi sadasya raajya saiddhaantik roop seey samaan they, videsh mantri key roop mein leag koo bahut mahatva diyaa aur mahsoos kiya kii yeh chekslovakia jaisi chhoti shakti koo videsh mein prabhaav daalane kii anumati dene key liye sabse achchi sanstha thee.
benes congress pranali koo napsand karate they kyonki mahaan shaktiyon key netaa europe key bhaagya kaa faisala karane key liye milate they aur mahsoos karate they kii mahaan shaktiyon key netaa chhote shaktiyon key hiton seey pahale apane hiton koo rakhate they. iss tarah, benes aksar leag key satron mein bhaag lene key liye geneva jaate they, jahan unhone hamesha paaramparik congress pranali key bajaay ise antarrashtriya kootneeti kaa pramukh saadhan banane key liye dabaav daala.
geneva kii yaatraon key dauran, firinger koo ekmatra chekoslovak rajanyik key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa joe benes key saath asahmat honey key liye taiyar thaa aur nirastreekaran aur antarrashtriya kootneeti mein leag key sthaan jaise mamalon key baare mein usake saath bahas kartaa thaa. firinger koo ack bhadde aur bhadde rajanyik key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, lekin unakaa currier beney key sanrakshan key kaaran falaa-phoola, joe yeh tark dekar unake liye "bahaana banaate rahey" kii filinger kii vishvavidyalaya shiksha kii kamee aur unaki nimn-madhyam varg kii prishthabhoomi ney unhein kuchh hudd taka ashisht banaa diyaa, halanki filinger mein aisee pratibha thee joe unake shishtachar kii kamee koo puuraa karati thee.
benes swayam ack nimn-madhyam-varg kii prishthabhoomi seey aae they aur anya chekoslovak rajnayikon kii tarah, iss baat seey naraj they kii europeeya kootneeti mein uchch-varg key purushon kaa prabhutva thaa, jisamen europeeya rajnayikon kii ack asman sankhya abhijaat varg thee. beney ney mahsoos kiya kii ugravaadi key khilaf kaee shikaayaten europeeya kootneeti key kuleen-prabhutva vaale vishva kii nokjhonk koo darshaati hain.
1930 key dashak kii shuruat mein mahaan avasaad key prabhaav mein, ugravaadi key vichaaron ney baain or ack tej modd leey liya kyonki unhein vishvaas hoe gayaa kii avasaad ack aarthik pranali key roop mein poonjeevaad key diwaliyapan koo kaafee shaabdik roop seey saabit curr diyaa. ugravaadi koo yeh mahsoos huaa kii samaajvaad aur ack "niyojit arthavyavastha" mahaan avasaad kaa samadhan they. 1931 mein, unhone soviyat sangh kaa daura kiya, aur 1932 mein, unhone ack pustak, "sovatsky swaz naa noway draaz" ("ack nae maarg parr soviyat sangh") prakaashit kii, jisamen unaki yatra koo shandar shabdon mein varnit kiya gayaa. apani pustak mein, firinger ney ack bahut hii gair-aalochanatmak aur sahanubhutipurna vivaran prastut kiya jisamen soviyat sangh koo ack aadarsh key bahut karib key roop mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. unhone pahali panchvarshiya yojana key aarthik vikas key beach ack antar koo aakarshit kiya aur kahaa kii unhone harr jagah karkhanon kaa nirmaan hotey dekhaa, lekin paschim mein, unhone karkhanon koo bund hotey dekhaa.
vishva nirastreekaran sammelan key dauran, geneva mein, firinger key saath sangharsh huaa, jisane unhein austriya mein chekoslovak mantri key roop mein vienna mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. vienna mein apane samay key dauran, firinger ney kaee check samachar patron mein "abhisaran" key siddhant key liye tark dene key liye lekh likhe, kyonki unhone tark diyaa kii soviyat sangh loktantra jaise paschimi raajneetik moolyon key karib jaa rhaa thaa, aur paschimi rashtra soviyat aarthik moolyon key karib jaa rahey they. unhone yeh bhee kahaa kii poonjeevaad ack marti hui pranali thee.
ack saamyavaadi key madhyam seey naheen, ugravaadi ney apane lekhon mein soviyat sangh koo ack bahut hii anukool prakaash mein chitrit karane kii pravritti dikhaai, aur jaba vaha aalochanatmak they, tou bhee aisee aalochana hamesha "abhisaran siddhant" key sandarbh mein vyakt kii gaee thee, kyonki unhone kahaa thaa kii anivarya roop seey soviyat sangh samay key saath paschimi udaar moolyon koo apanaayega.
firinger ney joseph stallin kii neetiyon koo apane dushmanon key khilaf pratikriya key roop mein chitrit karane kii pravritti dikhaai aur anivarya roop seey soviyat sangh key khilaf ack vishal sajish key stallin key daavon koo ankit moolya parr liya. beney key paksh key sanket mein, ugra koo chekoslovakia mein gharelu neetiyon kii aalochana karane kii anumati dee gaee, kyonki unhone chekoslovakia mein berojgaaron key jeevan key beach ack pratikool virodhabhas koo aakarshit kiya, jaisa kii soviyat sangh key vipareet thaa, jisamen unhone koee berojgari naheen rakhee thee.
1935 mein, masrick rashtrapati key roop mein sevaanivritt hue, aur benes, joe lambe samay seey unake uttaradhikari they, nae rashtrapati key roop mein chune gaye. nae rashtrapati ney videsh neeti parr kadaa niyantran rakhaa aur way loga chaahte they joe vyaktigat roop seey checkslovak videsh neeti kaa sanchaalan karane key liye khud key prati wafadar they.
unaki asahamati key bavjood, firinger benes key pasandida mein seey ack thaa. firinger, badale mein, gathbandhan kii sandhi kaa ack garmajoshi seey samarthak thaa jiss parr benes ney 1935 mein soviyat sangh key saath hastakshar kiye they. 1936 mein, benes ney videsh mantralaya mein raajneetik nideshak key roop mein firinger niyukt kiya. firinger ney spanish grihyuddh mein gantantra paksh kaa samarthan kiya. 1937 mein, unhein pataa chalaa kii chekoslovakia seey hathiyaron kaa ack badaa shipment joe maanaa jaataa haye kii purtagaali senaa key liye lisban jaa rhaa thaa, vaastav mein spanish rashtravadiyon key liye thaa, lisban kewal ack trance-shipment point thaa joe spen mein donon pakshon parr hathiyaron key pratibandh kaa paalan karane kaa naatak banaae rakhta thaa. 
firinger key paas kanuni adhikaar kaa abhaav thaa, lekin usane hathiyaron key pratibandh key ullanghan key roop mein chekoslovak pulis dwara hathiyaron koo jabt karane kaa adesh diyaa. purtagaali sarkaar koo hathiyar pratibandh kaa ullanghan karate hue pakade jaane parr sherm aatee thee aur isaliye purtagaal ney hathiyaron kii jabti parr chekoslovakia key saath rajanyik sambandh toda diye.
firinger key karyon ney unhein bahut vivaad kaa vishay banaa diyaa, kaee logon ney unake adhikaar koo paar karane aur chekoslovak hathiyar udyog koo hathiyaron kii aapoorti key liye ack anubandh kii laagat key liye unaki aalochana kii.
soviyat sangh mein rajdoot.
1937 aur 1945 key beach, firinger ney soviyat sangh mein doot (aur baad mein rajdoot) kaa pada sambhala. 5 octuber 1937 koo chekoslovak mantri-plinipotentiary key roop mein firinger masco pahunche. masco mein apane samay key dauran jiss rajanyik key sabse karib aag lagaane vaalaa thaa, vaha joseph ee thaa. americi rajdoot, david, jinhone apani soviyat samarthak bhaavanaon koo saajha kiya. anumaanit roop seey, jiss rajanyik key liye ugra ugra thaa, vaha masco mein german rajdoot count friedrich wonn dair schullenberg thaa, jise usane napsand karane kaa koee rahasya naheen banaaya thaa. firinger ney praag koo bataaya kii davies ney unhein bataaya thaa kii unhein lagaa kii dou sarvshreshth vishva netaa rashtrapati franklin dee they. sanyukt raajya america key roozvelt aur chekoslovakia key rashtrapati edward benesh ney donon netaaon koo pragatisheel udaarvaadi bataaya, jinaki unhone bahut prashansa kii.
masco mein rajanyik samudaay key bheetar, laal senaa parr "yezovshina" ("yezov samay") key prabhaavon key baare mein bahut charcha hui. schullenberg aur british rajdoot, lord chillston, donon ney juuna 1937 mein laal senaa kii adhikansh varishth kamaan key saamoohik nishpaadan key baad mahsoos kiya kii soviyat senaa ack prabhaavi yuddh bull key roop mein samaapt hoe gaee thee. isake vipareet, davie aur firinger donon ney ack ashawadi drishtikon banaae rakhaa aur tark diyaa kii saamoohik nishpaadan kaa usa tarah kaa nakaratmak prabhaav naheen thaa joe german aur british donon ney diyaa thaa. ugravaadi hamesha maanata thaa kii "yezovshina" ack rakshaatmak pratikriya thee joe vaastavik key kaaran, kaalpanik key vipareet, usake shasson key liye khatron key kaaran stallin parr thopi gaee thee aur "yezovshina" samaapt honey key baad, soviyat sangh "abhisaran" key apane maarg koo phir seey shuru karega aur antatah ack loktantra bunn jaayega.
6 farwari 1938 koo, soviyat-romanian sambandh fedor beautenko key dalbadal seey buri tarah seey tanaavgrast they, joe bucharest mein soviyat "charge dee 'affairs" they, joe itali bhaag gaye they. vahaan, unhone kuchh dinon baad italvi sarkaar dwara aayojit rome mein ack press conference mein ghoshana kii kii unhone isake bajaay ack fasiwadi banane key liye saamyvaad koo chhod diyaa thaa.
soviyat shasson ney lagaatar roman sarkaar parr beautenko key dalbadal key peechhe honey kaa aarop lagaaya yaa, vaikalpik roop seey, kii usaki buchest mein hatyaa curr dee gaee thee aur itali mein beautenko honey kaa daavaa karane vaalaa vyakti ack dhokhebaaz thaa. jaisa kii chekoslovakia romania aur soviyat sangh donon key saath sambaddh thaa, jisane benes koo ack ulajhan mein daal diyaa, jisase usey vivaad mein madhyasthata karane kaa adesh dene key liye prerit kiya. unhone kahaa kii roman iss aarop seey gambhir roop seey pareshan they kii unhone beautenko kii hatyaa curr dee thee. firelinger key prayason koo "garmajoshi" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa aur beautenko key mamle ney soviyat-romanian sambandhon koo bahut nuksan pahunchaaya, joe sabse achche samay mein bhee kabhi achche naheen they, jaise kii sudettenland sankat ney romania koo chekoslovakia kii raksha key liye soviyat sangh pargaman adhikaar dene kaa sawal uthaana shuru curr diyaa thaa.
farwari aur march 1938 mein, firinger ney masco mein teesare mahaan show trial mein bhaag liya, jahan puraane bolshevikon mein seey antim parr mukadama chalaaya gayaa aur unhein doshi thaharaaya gayaa. pramukh prativaadi nikolai bukharin they, joe soviyat communist party key "dakshin" (madhyam) wing key netaa they, jinhen ack baar lenin key sambhaavit uttaradhikari key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, aur iss tarah, "dakshinpanthiyon aur trotskeevadiyon key soviyat virodhi gutt" key mukadame koo aksar bukharin mukadame key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. kaee logon key madhyam seey, usa samay, aaropon koo betuka paaya, ugra 20 abhiyukton key aparaadh key baare mein aashvast thaa. praag key liye ack preshan mein, unhone likhaa kii sabhi abhiyukton dwara kiye gaye sweekaarokti mein "germany, polland aur japan mein sajish aur usake samparkon key ack aakarshak, thakaa dene vaale aur aitihaasik roop seey sateek vivaran key roop mein ack behad shaktishali chhaap thee, joe maee 1937 key liye taiyar kiye gaye takhtapalat mein samaapt hui. firinger ney mukadame koo stallin key liye ack "mahaan naitik jeet" key roop mein varnit kiya aur kahaa kii unakaa maanana haye kii kissy bhee prativaadi koo prataadit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. ack sapaat ack swar mein diye gaye ikbaaliyon key baare mein, ugravaadi ney likhaa kii ikbaaliyon ney "vipaksh kii aatankvaadi gatividhiyon kii poori tarah seey prerak tasveer" dee. firinger ney konrad henlen key "hamefront" key mukadame mein sandarbh koo bahut mahatva diyaa, jise "german faasivaad kii ack agency" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, iss baat key pramaan key roop mein kii soviyat sangh chekoslovakia key baare mein chintit thaa. unhone apane nishkarshon kii spasht upeksha key saath likhaa kii sweekaarokti vaastavik thee kii henlen kaa sandarbh madhya europe mein ack sambhaavit yuddh key liye soviyat sangh key logon koo taiyar karane key liye "script mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. bukharin kaa mukadama sabhi 20 abhiyukton koo doshi thaharaae jaane aur bukharin sahit 18 koo fansi diye jaane key saath samaapt hoe gayaa.
1935 mein soviyat sangh aur chekoslovakia key beach hastaaksharit gathbandhan kaa ugra samarthak thaa, jisake tahat soviyat sangh germany parr yuddh ghoshit karane key liye baadhya thaa yadi germany ney chekoslovakia parr aakraman kiya, aur france ney pahale aisaa kiya. 23 aprail 1938 koo, jaise hii sudettenland sankat shuru huaa, praag koo ack report mein ugra ney kahaa kii chekoslovakia craimlin mein ack baithak kaa vishay thaa, jisamen sergei alexandrovcy, soviyat mantri-planipotentiary ney bhaag liya thaa; adhikatam litwinov, videshi aayukt; vyaches molavotov, pradhaan mantri; laazar kaganovic, bhaari udyog key liye aayukt aur stallin key nikatatam sahyogiyon mein seey ack; marshel clement "clim" voroshilov, yuddh key aayukt; aur joseph stallin swayam. fringner ney khushi seey kahaa kii unhone sroton seey sunaa thaa, jinhen unhone vishvasaniya maanaa thaa, kii baithak key parinam mein yeh nirnay liya gayaa thaa kii yadi germany koo aakraman karna chaahiye tou soviyat sangh chekoslovakia key saath apane gathbandhan kaa sammaan karega aur france ney "reech" parr yuddh kii ghoshana karke chekoslovakia key saath apane gathbandhan kaa sammaan kiya. firinger ney kahaa kii marshel voroshilov vishesh roop seey germany key saath yuddh key paksh mein they yadi chekoslovakia parr hamla kiya gayaa thaa aur kahaa kii yeh unaki raay thee, ack sanic key roop mein, kii laal senaa samay parr chekoslovakia taka pahunch sakati thee taaki sudettenland mein wehrmatch koo rokaa jaa sakey. apani report bhejane key chaar dinn baad, firinger ney ack aur report bheji jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii upa videshi aayukt vladmir potemkin ney unhein baithak kii samagri kii pushti kii thee aur pushti kii thee kii soviyat sangh chekoslovakia key saath apane gathbandhan key saath khadaa rahega. firinger ney curnell roy see seey bhee baat kii. masco mein british sainya atashe firebrace, jisane usey bataaya kii usane abhee-abhee schullenberg key saath baat kii haye, jisane usey bataaya kii uska maanana haye kii aggar germany ney chekoslovakia parr aakraman kiya tou soviyat sangh kuchh naheen karega, jisase ack utsaahi asahamati paida hui.
poore sudettenland sankat key dauran, ugravaadi koo yeh andh vishvaas thaa kii soviyat sangh france key binaa bhee chekoslovakia kii sahaayata key liye aayega. jisase vaha bhaari anglo-francisi dabaav mein germany koo riyaayaton key liye sahmat honey key liye dridhata seey virodh kartaa thaa. firinger ney ack sandehwadi swami chillston koo chekoslovakia key prati soviyat pratibaddhata key moolya key baare mein bataaya, jisake kaaran chillston ney poochha kii soviyat sangh kiss roop aur tareeke seey samarthan key vaadon seey parey chekoslovakia kii sahaayata karega.
chekoslovakia key liye ack badee samasya yeh thee kii yadi sankat yuddh mein aataa haye, tou francisi senaa dwara apekshit rakshaatmak rukh apanaaya jaanaa thaa, joe maginot rekha key peechhe rahane kii ummeed thee aur sigfried rekha koo todane kaa prayaas naheen karega, joe germany koo chekoslovakia key khilaf wehrmatch kii poori taakat fenkane kii anumati dega. iss kaaran seey, laal senaa key liye chekoslovakia taka pahunchana mahatvapurna thaa, lekin badale mein, soviyat sangh mein chekoslovakia key saath ack aam seema kaa abhaav thaa aur isaliye polland yaa romenia koo laal senaa pargaman adhikaar pradaan karane honge. yeh mahsoos kiya gayaa kii laal senaa koo pargaman adhikaar dene kii koee sambhavana naheen thee, polish videsh mantri curnell jozef beck ney kahaa kii unaki sarkaar kabhi bhee kissy bhee shart key tahat laal senaa koo pargaman adhikaar naheen degi. 1937 mein, romenia key raajaa caroll dwiteeya ney sanket diyaa thaa kii soviyat yuddh kii sthiti mein chekoslovakia key liye sainikon koo udaane key liye roman havaai kshetra kaa upayog curr sakate hain, jisase ummeed kii ack jhalak millie kii romenia pargaman adhikaar pradaan curr sakata haye. firinger ney masco mein francisi rajdoot, robbert coolondre key saath milkar kaam kiya, taaki ack sauda kiya jaa sakey jisamen soviyat sangh ney romania koo chekoslovakia koo pargaman adhikaar dene key badale mein besarabia koo romenia key hisse key roop mein maanyata dee. juuna 1938 mein, firinger aur kulondre ney litwinov seey mulakat kii aur unhein bataaya kii europe key yuddh key kagaar parr honey key kaaran, soviyat sangh key liye besarabia parr apane daave koo darkinar karane kaa samay aaa gayaa thaa, yaa raajaa caroll dwiteeya dwara laal senaa pargaman adhikaar dene kii koee sambhavana naheen hogi. firinger aur coolondre donon ney litwinov seey shaanti key liye balidan karane kaa aagrah kiya aur kahaa kii besarabia key daave koo chhodana sambhaavit roop seey laakhon logon key jeevan koo bachaa sakata haye. litwinov ney badale mein yeh kahate hue jawab diyaa kii soviyat sangh romenia key saath ack rakshaatmak gathbandhan parr hastakshar karane key liye taiyar thaa aur pargaman adhikaaron key badale mein ack sambhaavit yuddh key anta mein apane sainikon koo neister nadee key purvi hisse mein rakhane kaa vaadaa kiya, lekin vaha besarabia key daave koo chhodane key liye taiyar naheen thaa. raajaa caroll aur samanya roop seey romanian abhijaat varg koo soviyat sangh key prati gahara avishvaas aur darr thaa aur unhone bahut ashanka vyakt kii kii aggar laal senaa romania mein pravesh karati haye, tou vaha kabhi naheen jaayegi. agast 1938 mein, firinger parr soviyat sangh koo gupt dastavej dene kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa, jisake kaaran videsh mantralaya ney "aavashyak ehatiyaati kadam" uthaaye, kyonki una aaropon kii jaanch shuru kii gaee thee.
agast 1938 key anta mein, firinger ney sezimovo esty mein graameen ilaakon mein apani sampatti mein benes seey mulakat kii. firinger ney ack ashawadi tasveer banaae rakhee aur kahaa kii unhein vishvaas haye kii yadi france ney yuddh ghoshit kiya tou soviyat sangh apane gathbandhan kaa sammaan karega, lekin vaha nishchit roop seey yeh kahane mein asamarth thaa kii yadi france ney yuddh ghoshit naheen kiya tou soviyat sangh yuddh kii ghoshana karega. furlinger ney paaya kii sankat seey way bahut udas they. beney ney kahaa kii vaha francisi key ravaiye seey gambhir roop seey nirash thaa, jise usey lagaa kii unake sahayogi chekoslovakia kaa samarthan karna chaahiye thaa, aur angrejon key ravaiye seey pareshan thaa, joe apane samaan aur tatasth honey key daavon key bavjood, sankat key liye chekoslovakia koo doshi thahara rahey they, naa kii germany. khush karane key liye, aag lagaane vaale ney apane gramphone parr laal senaa key marching geeton kaa record bajaaya joe vaha masco seey vaapas laae they.
sitambar 1938 mein leag off nations ney apana satra shuru kiya, litwinov leag mein soviyat pratinidhimandal kaa vyaktigat prabhaar lene key liye jineva pahunche. leag sabhaa key samaksh apane bhashanon mein, litwinov ney aagrah kiya kii leag raili key sabhi sadasya raajyon koo saamoohik suraksha key banner taley chekoslovakia key liye. firinger ney sankat koo hull karane key liye ack munch key roop mein leag koo shamil karane key soviyat drishtikon kaa samarthan kiya, ack aisaa drishtikon jiska france aur united kingdam kii sarkaaron dwara virodh kiya gayaa thaa, joe leag koo sankat seey baahar rakhna chaahte they. kulondre ney firinger koo bataaya kii yeh unaki sarkaar kii sthiti thee kii soviyat sangh chekoslovakia kii sahaayata key liye aaney seey bachane key liye leag key saamoohik suraksha praavdhaanon kii jatilataon kaa upayog karane kii koshish curr rahey they aur isaliye france leag koo sankat seey baahar rakhna chaahata thaa.
sankat koo hull karane key liye, british pradhaan mantri neville chamberlain ney 15 sitambar 1938 koo barchetsegaden mein adolph hitler seey milane key liye germany kaa daura kiya. shikhar sammelan mein, yeh sahamati hui kii sudettenland "reech mein ghar jaayega", jaisa kii hitler 12 sitambar 1938 koo neuremberg mein naazi party congress key baad seey maang curr rhaa thaa. bahut majboot anglo-french dabaav mein, benes 19 sitambar 1938 koo barchetsegaden shikhar sammelan kii sharton parr sahmat hoe gaye. fringer ney potemkin seey mulakat kii aur unhein bataaya kii benes ney barchetsegaden shikhar sammelan kii sharton koo sweekaar curr liya thaa, jisamen soviyat sangh key saath gathbandhan koo nirast karna shamil thaa. jisake kaaran potemkin ney poochha kii chekoslovakia ney pahale gathbandhan kaa ahwan karane kii koshish kyon naheen kii. firinger ney jawab diyaa kii benes ney gathbandhan kaa ahwan karane kii koshish naheen kii thee kyonki polish aur roman sarkaaron dwara laal senaa koo pargaman adhikaar dene seey incar karane seey utpann samasyaon key kaaran. americi itihaaskaar hyug ragsdale ney likhaa, "sawal aur jawab donon ajib hain, kyonki yeh spasht haye kii, anglo-french sharton koo sweekaar karate hue, chekoslovak sarkaar ney masco key saath apane aapsi sahaayata samjhaute koo nirast karane key liye sahamati dee thee. leag sabhaa mein apane bhashanon mein, litwinov ney jore dekar kahaa kii unaki sarkaar abhee bhee gathbandhan kii sharton seey bandhi hui haye aur abhee bhee chekoslovakia kii sahaayata key liye aaegi. jiss tarah seey litwinov ney ghoshana kii kii unaki sarkaar abhee bhee usa gathbandhan kaa sammaan karegi jise benes ney abhee-abhee nirast kiya thaa, vaha bahut ugra hoe gayaa.
24 sitambar 1938 koo, chamberlain ney hitler seey phir seey milane key liye germany key liye udaan bharee, taaki unhein yeh bataaya jaa sakey kii berchtesgaden shikhar sammelan mein nirdhaarit sharton parr france aur chekoslovakia donon kii sarkaaron dwara sahamati vyakt kii gaee thee, kewal hitler key liye una sharton koo aparyaapt key roop mein aswikar karane key liye. kharaab godsberg parr hitler kii sharton koo aswikar karane key baad, europe yuddh key kagaar parr thaa. 30 sitambar 1938 key munich sammelan ney sankat koo samaapt curr diyaa. usee dinn dopahar koo, kulondre ney unhein apani sahaanubhooti dene key liye aag lagaane vaale seey mulakat kii aur bataaya, "jaba maine unake adhyayan mein pravesh kiya, tou mujhe lagaa kii thandak haye joe ack ghar mein pravesh karati haye jahaan ack mrit vyakti haye. kulondre ney bataaya kii firinger munich samjhaute key "vishvaasghaat" seey krodhit thaa aur usane france aur britten donon parr hamla kiya, jiss parr usane germany key saath yuddh seey bachane key liye chekoslovakia kaa balidan karane kaa aarop lagaaya thaa, joe usane purvanirdhaarit kiya thaa kii apariharya thaa.
ummeedon key vipareet, jaba benes ney rashtrapati key roop mein istifa dey diyaa aur unake baad emil haacha ney mantri-shakti-adhikaari key roop mein istifa naheen diyaa. janwari 1939 mein, firinger ney haacha seey milane key liye praag kaa daura kiya, jise vaha seva karane mein sahaj mahsoos kartaa thaa, halanki haacha kii videsh neeti benes key bilkul vipareet thee.
15 march 1939 koo, germany ney check-slovakia key aadhe hisse parr kabja curr liya, joe abb bohemia-moravia kaa reech protectorate bunn gayaa, aur bairan constantin wonn neurath koo haacha kii "nigrani" karane key liye reech protector key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa. swatantrata key anta key saath, masco mein chekoslovak senaa koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, kyonki schullenberg senaa key paas iss maang key liye pahunche kii aag lagaane vaale ney chabiyon koo saunp diyaa aur kahaa kii abb seey german dutawas sanrakshit raajya kii or seey soviyat sangh key saath sambandhon koo sambhaalega. haalaanki, soviyat sangh ney pahale tou reech sanrakshit raajya kii ghoshana koo sweekaar naheen kiya, aur kanuni roop seey aspasht sthiti mein yeh kaanoon aspasht roop seey jaari rhaa.
aprail-maee 1939 mein, firinger ney ack vistaarit chhutti lii aur landan aur peris mein nirvaasan mein chekoslovak netaaon seey mulakat kii, lekin benes seey naheen, joe shikago vishvavidyalaya mein professor key roop mein kaam curr rahey they. juuna 1939 key anta mein, firinger karyabhar sambhaalane key liye masco laut aae, lekin yeh samajha gayaa kii vaha nirvaasit sarkaar kaa pratinidhitva curr rahey they, jiska netritva benes curr rahey they. haalaanki, litwinov koo videshi kamisar key roop mein molotov dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jinake paas aag lagaane key liye koee samay naheen thaa. 26 agast 1939 koo, firinger ney benes koo likhe ack patra mein sweekaar kiya kii vaha german-soviyat gair-aakraamakta samjhaute seey hairan thaa. haalaanki, firinger ney ise france aur vishesh roop seey britten parr dosh diyaa, jiss parr unhone soviyat sangh key "shaanti morche" mein prastaavit samavesh key liye baatchit karane kaa aarop lagaaya, jiska uddeshya germany koo polland parr aakraman karane seey rokna thaa, ack kamjor aur aprabhaavi tareeke seey. unhone likhaa, "main sweekaar kartaa huun kii way uchch daanv key liye khel rahey hain, lekin mujhe lagata haye kii paschim mein uthal-puthal soviyat neeti mein sansanikhej badalaav kaa ekmatra kaaran thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
14 disambar 1939 koo, firinger koo masco chhodane key liye kahaa gayaa, kyonki antatah sainya-vyavastha bund hoe gaee thee, aur chrismus key dinn, vaha peris pahunche. peris mein, unhone zaan shramek kii maang kii, soviyat sangh key saath sampark banaae rakhane key liye ack anaupchaarik rajanyik key roop mein kaam karane kii peshkash kii aur kahaa kii unhein soviyat videsh neeti mein vartamaan sanrekhan key lambe samay taka rahane kii ummeed naheen thee. 20 aprail 1940 koo ack gyaapan mein, jise unhone beney koo likhaa thaa, firinger ney tark diyaa kii masco mein chekoslovak shasson koo bund karna aur slovakia kii soviyat maanyata jaise kadam aspasht they, kyonki unakaa abhee bhee maanana thaa kii soviyat videsh neeti ugravaadi virodhi thee aur yeh samjhauta kewal ack sankramankalin upaay thaa.
haalaanki, soviyat sangh key germany seey cumm yaa jyada sambaddh honey key kaaran, firinger key samarthak soviyat vichaaron ney unhein chekoslovak aavrajan rajneeti key kinare parr daal diyaa. ack gyaapan mein joe unhone 1940 mein kabhi likhaa thaa, "ack samajik sankat key roop mein vartamaan yuddh", ugra ney tark diyaa kii vartamaan yuddh ack "zana yuddh" thaa aur nott kiya kii britten mein, kaee loga yuddh key baad ack behtar duniya banaane key liye samajik aur aarthik sudhaaron kii maang curr rahey they. unhone kahaa kii 1930 key dashak kii duniya mein vaapsee adhikansh british logon key liye ghrinit thee.
firinger ney nott kiya kii adhikansh british logon key liye mahaan avasaad kii or vaapsee ack aakarshak prastaav naheen thaa aur isaliye usa sambhavana koo rokane key liye samajik aur aarthik sudhaaron kii maang thee. unhone bhavishyavani kii kii britten samaajvaad kii or badh rhaa haye aur yuddh key baad, poonjeevaad kii jagah kissy prakaar kaa samaajvaad liya jaayega. vyaapak arthon mein, ugravaadi ney tark diyaa kii "aarthik udaarvaad" barbad hoe gayaa thaa, aur unhone samaajvaad key bhavishya kii lahar honey kii ummeed kii.
usa avadhi key dauran, firinger sent key darbar mein soviyat rajdoot ivan masky key saath ghanishth sampark mein rhaa. james '. firinger ney chekoslovak khufiya seva dwara ekatra kii gaee masky key saath khufiya jaankaari saajha kii, jisamen aisee jaankaari bhee shamil thee kii germany ney 22 juuna 1941 koo ack operation mein soviyat sangh parr aakraman karane kii yojana banaai thee jise barbarosa kodnem kiya gayaa thaa. 
soviyat sangh ney operation barbarta key baare mein aagajani karane vaale kii chetavaniyon parr isake prakshepan seey pahale bahut cumm dhyaan diyaa, lekin usa tarikh key baad, way chekoslovak khufiya abhiyaanon mein adhik ruchi lene lagey.
agast 1941 mein, firinger ack baar phir seey chekoslovak mantri-shakti-adhikaari key roop mein seva karane key liye masco laut aae, iss baar chekoslovak nirvaasit sarkaar kaa pratinidhitva karate hue. 1942 mein sambandhon mein sudhaar key sanket mein, sambandhon koo sainya-shasson seey dutawas star taka unnat kiya gayaa aur isaliye ugra doot koo rajdoot key pada parr padonnat kiya gayaa.
firinger "dusare morche" key liye soviyat abhiyaan mein shamil hoe gayaa. unhone soviyat key iss daave koo sweekaar curr liya kii british aur 1941 key anta seey, americi jaanboojhkar uttar africa jaise paridhiya theatres mein lada rahey they aur way "antim russie taka ladane" kii ranneeti key ack hisse key roop mein uttar-paschimi europe parr aakraman karane seey incar curr rahey they. unhone mahsoos kiya kii soviyat sangh sabse adhik bojh uthaate they, kyonki laal senaa ney teen wehrmatch senaa samoohon kaa saamana kiya, kull lagbhag 30 laakh purush they; americi aur british donon soviyat balidaanon kii aparyaapt sarahana curr rahey they; aur donon desh aur adhik curr sakate they. usee samay, firinger kabhi bhee soviyat sangh kii aalochana naheen kartaa thaa, jisake yuddh key prayason koo usane sabse adhik chamakate shabdon mein chitrit kiya thaa.
firinger chupchaap beney kii aalochana karane lagaa, jise usane mahsoos kiya kii vaha pahale ganarajya aur pratyaashit teesare ganarajya key beach nirantarta sthaapit karane key liye bahut kathin prayaas curr rhaa thaa, joe yuddh key baad sthaapit kiya jaayega. 1943 key ack nibandh mein, firinger ney likhaa kii 1918-1919 mein ack naee antarrashtriya vyavastha sthaapit karane kii kootneeti russie kranti key darr seey bahut prabhaavit thee aur kewal "lenin kii pratibha hii nae yug mein aitihaasik vikas key arth koo samajh aur samajha sakati thee.
yuddh key baad ack polish-chekoslovak sangh key liye beney kii yojanaon kaa ugra virodh kiya, jise unhone soviyat sangh koo madhya europe seey baahar rakhane key liye ack british yojana key roop mein dekhaa. firinger ney bahut dridhata seey beney koo sangh kii yojanaon koo chhodane aur isake bajaay soviyat sangh key saath yuddh key baad kii chekoslovak videsh neeti kaa aadhar banaane kii salah dee.
firinger hamesha khud koo soviyat-chekoslovak gathbandhan key "pitaa" key roop mein maanata thaa, jisake liye 1943 kii garmiyon aur patan key dauran baatchit kii gaee thee. masco mein apani avadhi key dauran, firinger clement gotwald key netritva mein chekoslovak communist party key netritva key bahut karib thaa. udaaharan key liye, yeh spasht haye, 1943 mein, jaba communists ney, ugravaadi key saath milkar, 12 disambar 1943 koo joseph stallin aur edward beney dwara masco mein soviyat-check gathbandhan sandhi parr hastakshar karane mein sahaayata kii. gathbandhan parr hastakshar karane kaa nirnay british pradhaan mantri winston churchill aur videsh sachiv anthany eden donon key virodh parr huaa, donon koo lagaa kii gathbandhan soviyat sangh koo yuddh key baad key mamalon mein bahut badee bhoomika dega. 1943 mein, yeh spasht naheen thaa kii laal senaa pahale purvi europe taka pahunchegi, aur churchill, vishesh roop seey, yeh ummeed karate hue kii italvi rangmanch british senaa koo pahale aisaa karane key liye ack aadhar key roop mein itali kaa upayog karane kii anumati dega.
1943 key anta seey, firinger key saath beney key sambandh teji seey tanaavpurna hoe gaye kyonki rashtrapati koo yeh mahsoos honey lagaa kii firinger chekoslovak hiton kii tulanaa mein soviyat hiton kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye adhik chintit thaa. ack anadhikrit kaary mein, firinger ney edward osabka-morawski koo ack saarvajanik taar bheja, jisamen polish logon kii senaa key mitty koo chamakaane key liye pravesh kaa jashn manaaya gayaa, jisake kaaran benes ney ack aise kaary key liye firinger koo fatkaar lagaai joe lublin sarkaar, ack soviyat kathputali key liye samarthan koo nihit kartaa thaa.
nirvaasit sarkaar key videsh mantri aur poorv rashtrapati key bete zaan masrick usa patra key liye ugra koo barkhast karna chaahte they aur shikayat kii kii vaha abb masco mein chekoslovakia kaa pratinidhitva naheen curr rahey they. firinger ney apane kaary koo sahee thaharaane key liye beney koo ack lamba patra bheja aur nirvaasit checkslovak sarkaar koo nirvaasit polish sarkaar key saath sambandh todane aur lublin sarkaar koo maanyata dene kaa sujhaav diyaa.
28 julaai 1944 koo, poore chekoslovak mantrimandal ney masco mein rajdoot key roop mein aag lagaane vaale koo barkhast karane aur ack nae rajdoot koo niyukt karane kii sifarish kii, joe soviyat sangh key bajaay nirvaasit sarkaar key hiton kaa pratinidhitva karega, lekin beney ney sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa. 
lekin abb aag lagaane vaale parr bharosa naheen kiya gayaa, unhone mahsoos kiya kii rajdoot stallin key karib thaa, joe iss prakaar ise ack upman key roop mein dekhenge yadi aag lagaane vaale koo nikaal diyaa gayaa thaa. thaar vishesh roop seey mamla thaa kyonki 1944 key madhya taka yeh spasht hoe gayaa thaa kii laal senaa paschimi senaaon key bajaay pahale purvi europe taka pahunch jaayegi.
navambar 1944 mein, firinger ney gatewald koo likhe ack patra mein kahaa kii vaha sabhi bainkon aur anya vittiya sansthanon kaa rashtriyakaran karane key liye chekoslovak raajya aur soviyat sangh koo chekoslovakia kaa mukhya vyaparik bhagidar banane key liye binaa muaavaje key sahyogiyon key swaamitva vaali sabhi sampattiyon koo jabt karna chaahte they. taba taka, aag lagaane vaale ney faisala curr liya thaa kii vaha pradhaanmantri banana chaahte hain aur karyalaya key liye gutwald kaa samarthan maang rahey they.
march 1945 mein, tehran kii yatra key dauran, firinger ney benes seey kahaa kii vaha pradhaanmantri banana chaahte hain, jisake kaaran rashtrapati ney kahaa kii vaha iss tarah key pada key liye ayogya they. baithak ack takraav key nott parr samaapt hui, kyonki aagajani karane vaalaa kaafee gusse mein aaa gayaa jaba benes ney usey bataaya kii vaha pradhaanmantri banane key liye anupayukt thaa.
taba taka masrick mein aag lagaane vaale key prati bahut hii teevra napsand hoe gayaa thaa, aur vaha abhee bhee benes koo masco mein rajdoot key roop mein barkhast karane kii salah dey rhaa thaa.
teesara ganarajya.
europe mein dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta seey thheek pahale, way aprail 1945 mein nirvaasit chekoslovak sarkaar key pradhaan mantri baney aur usa varsh key anta mein desh key mukt honey key baad usa pada koo banaae rakhaa. 10 maee koo, firinger ney ack soviyat vimaan mein savaar hocker praag mein udaan bharee. firinger ney praag mein vijay pared mein bhaag liya aur benes key saamane kaar mein savaar hue, jinhen shahar key logon seey sabse adhik jaykar millie. beney ney aag lagaane vaale key baare mein apani raay koo cumm curr diyaa thaa aur hamein rajdoot laurence steinhardt seey kahaa thaa kii vaha "satahi, avishvasaniya, mushkil aur agyaani" thaa. zamain aur carlush ney likhaa, "unhone munich key baad paschim key saath benes key mohbhang mein herfer kiya-vaha benes kii buri antaratma thee.
6 agast 1945 koo japani shahar hiroshima parr paramanu bumm giraaye jaane key turant baad, 9 agast koo nagasaki key baad, soviyat bhuvaigyaanikon aur laal senaa key adhikaariyon key ack pratinidhimandal ney sudettenland mein jaichimov mein euranium khadaan mein apaar ruchi lena shuru curr diyaa. sitambar mein soviyat sangh dwara khadaan parr aabhaasi niyantran lene kii shikayaton key jawab mein, firinger ney sthaaniya adhikaariyon koo "kuchh naheen karane" kii salah dee.
shuru mein udyog mantri, bohumil lossman koo soochit kiye binaa, firinger ney soviyat paramanu karyakram key liye euranium kii aapoorti key liye chekoslovakia key liye gupt vaarta shuru kii, jisaki soviyat sangh mein kamee thee. 12 sitambar koo, firinger ney praag mein soviyat rajdoot valerian zorin koo ack nishchit vaarshik darr parr euranium kii aapoorti key liye chekoslovakia key liye ack masauda sandhi saunpi. 26 sitambar koo praag mein ack baithak mein, firinger ney curnell aiss key netritva mein ack soviyat pratinidhimandal seey mulakat kii.pee. soviyat general staff key alekjendar aur videsh vyaapaar mantralaya key ivan bakulin. baithak mein udyog mantri lossman, aantarik mantri vaklaav nosak, raksha mantri general ludwick swoboda aur chekoslovak general staff key pramukh general bohumil bosek bhee shamil hue. firinger koo bataaya gayaa kii chekoslovak masauda asweekarya thaa, kyonki isane chekoslovak sarkaar koo jechimov euranium khadaan parr niyantran banaae rakhane kii anumati dee, jise soviyat ack sanyukt stock company dwara niyantrit kiya jaanaa chaahte they, joe soviyat aur chekoslovak sarkaaron dwara samaan roop seey swaamitva mein hogi. firinger ney kahaa kii unhone saha-swaamitva key bajaay takniki sahyog koo prathamikta dee.
kyonki jachimov euranium khadaan german sarkaar key swaamitva mein thee, jisane yuddh key dauran apane paramanu bumm karyakram key liye euranium kaa upayog kiya thaa, isaliye soviyat sangh ney khadaan seey sabhi euranium koo yuddh kshatipurti key roop mein maanaa. firinger baatchit key aadhar key roop mein soviyat masauda sandhi koo sweekaar karane key liye sahmat hue. baithak key anta mein, alekjendar ney kahaa, "yeh soviyat sangh naheen thaa jisane paramanu bumm koo bhavishya kaa hathiyar ghoshit kiya thaa. jisake kaaran ugravaadi ney jawab diyaa, "abb humm jaanate hain kii humm kahaan khade hain.
6 octuber 1945 koo, firinger ney bakulin seey mulakat kii, jisane unhein bataaya kii soviyat sangh jachimov seey euranium key liye vishesh graahak banana chaahata thaa, lekin yeh swaamitva key baare mein adhik lachila honey key liye taiyar thaa. agale dinn, firinger sandhi parr charcha karane key liye sezimovo esty mein apane vilaa mein benesh seey milaa. beney ney iss maang parr apatti jataai kii chekoslovakia kewal soviyat sangh koo euranium bechata haye, lekin unhein ugravaadi dwara bataaya gayaa kii sandhi parr hastakshar karna polland key khilaf chekoslovak kshetriya daavon key liye soviyat samarthan key liye poorv shart thee.
usee samay, bakulin ney firinger koo soochit kiya kii usane pahale hii 38,516 kilogram radiodharmi samagri soviyat sangh koo bhejane kaa vaadaa kiya thaa. 14 octuber koo, 37,012 kilogram euranium pent soviyat sangh koo bheje gaye they, aur 29 octuber koo, 9,725 kilogram euranium sandra koo vahaan ack train mein load kiya gayaa thaa.
molotov key ack sandesh key jawab mein, firinger ney soviyat sangh koo euranium kaa vishesh kharidar banaane kii apani ichcha kaa sanket diyaa, lekin vaha sanyukt stock company key khilaf thaa, aur jakimov khadaan ekmatra chekoslovak niyantran mein honey chaahiye. 14 navambar koo, bakulin ney ack naee masauda sandhi koo firinger koo prastut kiya, jisane ack sanyukt stock company kii maang koo chhod diyaa, lekin ack raajya key swaamitva vaali chekoslovak company key liye pradaan kiya, jisake prabandhan mein chaar sadasyon (dou chekoslovak aur dou soviyat) kaa ack sanyukt board shamil hoga. 17 navambar koo, pradhaan mantri aur sandhi key baare mein paanch pramukh dalon kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale paanch pratinidhiyon seey milkar, firinger ney presidam mein baat kii, aur samanya anumodan vyakt kiya gayaa.
21 navambar 1945 koo, bakulin ney firinger koo bataaya kii yadi 90 pratishat euranium soviyat sangh koo jaataa haye tou soviyat sandhi koo sweekaar karane key liye taiyar they, aur chekoslovak shesh 10 pratishat koo rakh sakate hain. 23 navambar koo, firinger ney pahale poorna mantrimandal koo sandhi key baare mein soochit kiya, jisamen unhone tark diyaa kii "raajya key vittiya punrutthan parr koee maang naheen kartaa haye, isake vipareet, iska arth vittiya laabh haye. usa dinn baad mein, firinger ney soviyat paramanu bumm karyakram key liye jacoslovakia kii khaanon seey euranium kii aapoorti key liye soviyat sangh key saath ack samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye.
way 1946 key chunaavon taka pradhaanmantri baney rahey, jaba sabse badaa vote chekoslovak communists ney jeetaa thaa. vaha "vampanthi" samajik loktantra andolan mein ack pramukh vyakti bunn gaye, jisane clement gotwald key tahat chekoslovak communist party key saath nikatatam sambhav sambandhon kii maang kii, joe nae pradhaanmantri baney. americi itihaaskaar joseph rothchild aur nancy wingfield ney firinger koo "communists aur soviyat sangh key saath zombi jaise samanvaya key liye ack pratibimbeet utsaahi" key roop mein varnit kiya.
saamyavaadi chekoslovakia.
1946 aur 1948 key beach, firinger check soshal democratic party key adhyaksh they. navambar 1947 mein, samajik loktantravadiyon ney unhein apane netaa key roop mein bedkhal curr diyaa aur aarop lagaaya kii way communists key prati bahut adhik agyakari they.
farwari 1948 mein communist takhtapalat key baad, ugravaadi ney samajik loktantriyon aur communists key "ekikaran" key mukhya prastaavak key roop mein kaam kiya. party key ekikaran seey, way 1948 mein chekoslovak communist party kii kendriya samiti key sadasya bunn gaye. americi patrakaar johnn gunthar key anusaar, firinger koo baad mein "dow. quislinger ".
baad mein unhone 1948 seey 1953 taka upa pradhaanmantri, 1951 seey 1953 taka dhaarmik mamalon key raajya karyalaya key mantri, 15 octuber 1953 seey 23 juuna 1964 taka rashtriya vidhansabha key adhyaksh aur raajya key prabhaari mantri key roop mein kaary kiya. way 1966 taka kendriya samiti key sadasya rahey.
1968 key praag vasant key dauran, praag mein soviyat dutawas ney chekoslovak communist party (praag vasant key samarthak) key bheetar ack "dakshinpanthi" bull key roop mein shatrutapurna shabdon mein ugravaadi koo dekhaa. masco koo dee gaee apani report mein, soviyat rajnayikon ney unhein ack aise vyakti key roop mein varnit kiya thaa, jinhone alekjendar dubeck key udaar sudhaaron kaa samarthan kiya thaa, jiska uddeshya "maanav chehare key saath samaajvaad" hassil karna thaa. 1968 mein, anya cheejon key alawa, unake antim saarvajanik karyon mein seey ack chekoslovakia key soviyat aakraman key virodh mein soviyat dutawas key baahar ack pratinidhimandal kaa netritva karna thaa.