radiotalitype

radio teletype (aar. tii. tii.) ack dursanchar pranali haye jisamen mool roop seey dou yaa dou seey adhik electromechanical teleprinter hotey hain joe ack taar vaale link key bajaay radio dwara judey vibhinn sthaanon parr hotey hain. radiotalitype 1800 key dashak key madhya mein shuru hue pahale key landline teleprinter sanchaalan seey vikasit huaa. americi nausena vibhaag ney 1922 mein ack havaai jahaaj aur ground radio station key beach mudran telegraph kaa safaltapurvak pareekshan kiya. usa varsh baad mein, america key radio nigam ney apane chaitham, massachusets, radio station key madhyam seey aar. key liye mudran telegraph kaa safaltapurvak pareekshan kiya.aim.aiss. bhavya. vaanijyik aar. tii. tii. pranaaliyan aprail 1932 kii shuruat mein saine francisco aur honolulu key beach aur 1934 taka saine francisco aur newyork shahar key beach sakriya seva mein theen. americi senaa ney 1930 key dashak mein radiotalitype kaa upayog kiya aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran iss upayog kaa vistaar kiya. 1980 key dashak seey, teleprinters kaa anukaran karane key liye teleprinters koo personnel computer (pc) chalane vaale software dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
radio teletype shabd kaa upayog mool radio teletype pranali, jise kabhi-kabhi "boudot" key roop mein varnit kiya jaataa haye, donon kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, saath hii saath dou yaa dou seey adhik teleprinters yaa pc koo jodane vaale system key poore parivaar koo teleprinter kaa anukaran karane key liye software kaa upayog karate hue, radio parr, varnamala, link system yaa modulation kii parwah kiye binaa.
kuchh anuprayogon mein, vishesh roop seey sainya aur sarkaar mein, radiotalitype koo rait (radio swachaalit teletype) key sankshipt naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye.
itihas.
landline teleprinter kaa sanchaalan 1849 mein shuru huaa jaba philadelphia aur newyork shahar key beach ack circuit koo seva mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. emil boudot ney 1874 mein paanch ikai code kaa upayog karke ack pranali taiyar kii joe aaj bhee upayog mein haye. teleprinter pranali key design mein dheere-dheere sudhaar kiya gayaa thaa, jaba taka kii dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii shuruat mein, yeh samachar sevaaon dwara upayog kii jaane vaali pramukh vitaran vidhi kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa.
radiotalitype inn pahale key landline teleprinter sanchaalan seey vikasit huaa. nausena key americi vibhaag ney agast 1922 mein ack havaai jahaaj aur ground radio station key beach mudran telegraph kaa safaltapurvak pareekshan kiya. usee varsh baad mein, america key radio nigam ney apane chaitham, aim. aeye. radio station key madhyam seey aar. aim. aiss. "magestic" key liye mudran telegraph kaa safaltapurvak pareekshan kiya. radiotalitype kaa ack praarambhik karyanvayan watsongraph thaa, jiska naam march 1931 mein detroit aavishkaarak glain watson key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. vaanijyik aar. tii. tii. pranali aprail 1932 kii shuruat mein saine francisco aur honolulu key beach aur 1934 taka saine francisco aur newyork shahar key beach sakriya seva mein thee. americi senaa ney 1930 key dashak mein radiotalitype kaa upayog kiya aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran iss upayog kaa vistaar kiya. nausena koo radio-teletype "rait" (radio swachaalit teletype) kahaa jaataa haye aur senaa key signal core koo radio-teletype "aiss. aar. tii". kahaa jaataa haye, joe ekal-channel radio teletype kaa ack sankshipt naam haye. senaa ney aavritti sthanantaran kunji takneek kaa upayog kiya aur yeh takneek lambi doori parr bhee bahut vishvasaniya saabit hui.
1980 key dashak seey, teleprinters koo teleprinter anukaran software chalaane vaale computers dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
takniki vivaran.
ack radio-teletype station mein teen alag-alag bhaag hotey hainh teletype yaa teleprinter, modem aur radio.
teletype yaa teleprinter ack electromechanical yaa electronic upkaran haye. teletype" shabd teletype nigam kaa ack trademark thaa, isaliye "teaty", "rt", "rait" aur "teleprinter" shabdon kaa upayog aamtaur parr kissy vishesh nirmaata key sandarbh key binaa ack samanya upkaran kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
electromechanical teleprinter bhaari, jatil aur shore-sharabe vaale hotey hain, aur inhen kaafee hudd taka electronic ikaaiyon seey badal diyaa gayaa haye. teleprinter mein ack keyboard shamil hotaa haye, joe paath darj karane kaa mukhya saadhan haye, aur ack printer yaa drishya pradarshan ikai (vee. dee. yuu.). ack vaikalpik input upkaran ack chhidrit tape reader haye aur haal hii mein, computer bhandaran madhyam (jaise kii floppy disk). vaikalpik utpaadan upkaran tape chhidrak aur computer bhandaran madhyam hain.
teleprinter kaa line output yaa tou digital logic staron parr hoe sakata haye (+ 5 vee ack taarkik "1" yaa "maark" koo darshaata haye aur 0 vee ack taarkik "0" yaa "space" koo darshaata haye) yaa line star (−80 vee ack "1" aur + 80 vee "0" koo darshaata haye). jaba koee yatayat naheen gujarta haye, tou line "maark" sthiti mein nishkriya hoe jaati haye.
jaba teleprinter keyboard kii ack kunji dabai jaati haye, tou ack 5-bitt varna utpann hotaa haye. teleprinter ise kramik praarup mein parivartit kartaa haye aur ack "start bitt" (ack taarkik 0 yaa sthaan) key anukram koo prasaarit kartaa haye, phir ack key baad ack 5 detta bits, ack "stop bitt" (ack taarkik 1 yaa chihn, 1.5 yaa 2 bits taka) key saath samaapt hotaa haye. jaba start bitt, 5 detta bitt aur stop bitt kaa ack anukram teleprinter key input parr aataa haye, tou ise 5-bitt shabd mein parivartit curr diyaa jaataa haye aur printer yaa vee. dee. yuu. mein paarit curr diyaa jaataa haye. electromechanical teleprinter key saath, inn karyon key liye jatil electromechanical upkaranon kii aavashyakta hoti haye, lekin unhein shift register kaa upayog karke maanak digital electronics key saath aasaani seey lagu kiya jaataa haye. iss kaary key liye vishesh ekikrit paripath vikasit kiye gaye hain, udaaharan key liye intercil 6402 aur 6403. yeye computer serial port paridhiya key samaan stand-alone quart upkaran hain.
5 detta bits kewal 32 alag-alag kodon kii anumati dete hain, joe 26 aksharon, 10 ankon, sthaan, kuchh viram chihnon aur aavashyak niyantran code, jaise kii carriage return, naee line, ghanti, aadi koo samaayojit naheen curr sakate hain. iss seema koo door karane key liye, teleprinter key dou "avasthaaen" hoti hain, "aparivartit" yaa "akshar" avastha aur "sthanantarit" yaa "sankhyaaen" yaa "aankade" avastha. ack raajya seey dusare raajya mein parivartan taba hotaa haye jaba vishesh niyantran code "akshar" aur "aankade" keyboard seey bheje jaate hain yaa pankti seey praapt hotey hain. aksharon" mein kahaa gayaa haye kii teleprinter aksharon aur sthaan koo chhaapata haye jabaki sthanantarit sthiti mein yeh ankon aur viram chihnon koo chhaapata haye. anya varnamalaon kaa upayog karane vaali bhaashaon key liye teleprinter bhee ack atirikt "thurd shift" sthiti kaa upayog karate hain, jisamen way vaikalpik varnamala mein aksharon koo chhaapate hain.
modem koo kabhi-kabhi antim ikai kahaa jaataa haye aur yeh ack electronic upkaran haye joe teleprinter aur radio transceiver key beach judaa hotaa haye. modem kaa sancharan bhaag teleprinter yaa tape reader dwara preshit digital sanket koo paaramparik roop seey 2295/2125 hz (us) yaa 2125/1955 hz (europe) audio aavritti tone kii ack yaa doosari jodee mein parivartit kartaa haye. ack swar "chihn" sthiti seey mell khaata haye aur doosara "sthaan" sthiti seey. yeye audio tone, phir, antim audio-aavritti shift keying (aeye. aff. aiss. key.) radio aavritti sanket kaa utpaadan karane key liye ack aiss. aiss. bee. transmitter koo sanshodhit karate hain. kuchh transmitter pratyaksh aavritti-sthanantaran kunjikaran (aff. aiss. key.) mein saksham hotey hain kyonki way seedhe digital sanket koo sweekaar curr sakate hain aur "chihn" yaa "sthaan" input sthiti key anusaar apani sancharan aavritti koo badal sakate hain. iss mamle mein modem key sancharan bhaag koo darkinar curr diyaa jaataa haye.
grahan parr, aff. aiss. key. sanket koo bee. aff. oh. yaa "beat aavritti ausilator" naamak ack sthaaniya ausilator key saath aff. aiss. key. sanket koo milakar mool swar mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye. inn swaron koo modem key demodulator bhaag mein daala jaataa haye, joe mool digital sanket koo phir seey banaane key liye unhein filter aur detectors kii ack shrinkhala key madhyam seey sansaadhit kartaa haye. aff. aiss. key. sanket bee. aff. oh. seey lais sanchaar radio receiver parr sunai dete hain, aur ack vishisht "beedle-idel-idel-aaee" dhwani hoti haye, joe aamtaur parr dou swaron mein seey ack ("nishan parr nishkriya") parr shuru aur samaapt hoti haye.
sancharan gati teleprinter kii ack visheshta haye jabaki shift (nishan aur sthaan kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale swaron key beach kaa antar) modem kii ack visheshta haye. isaliye yeye donon mapdand swatantra hain, basharte kii unhone kissy diye gaye sancharan gati key liye nyuntam sthanantaran aakar koo santusht kiya hoe. electronic teleprinter aasaani seey vibhinn gati mein kaam curr sakate hain, lekin yaantrik teleprinters koo vibhinn gati seey kaam karane key liye gear key parivartan kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
aaj, donon karyon koo digital signal processor yaa sound card seey lais aadhunik computers key saath kiya jaa sakata haye. dhwani card modem key karyon koo kartaa haye aur cpu digital bits kaa prasanskaran kartaa haye. yeh drishtikon shaukiya radio mein bahut aam haye, jisamen vishesh computer prograam jaise kii fldigi, mmtty yaa mixw kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
computer maas storage yug seey pahale, adhikansh aar. tii. tii. station pepper tape puncher aur reader kaa upayog karke pepper tape parr paath sangraheet karate they. prachaalak tii. tii. aaee. keyboard parr sandesh type karega aur tape parr code koo dabaa dega. tape koo taba binaa kissy typing trutiyon key sthir, uchch darr parr preshit kiya jaa sakata haye. ack tape kaa punah upayog kiya jaa sakata haye, aur kuchh mamalon mein-vishesh roop seey aine. see. machines parr aeye. aiss. see. aaee. key saath upayog key liye-plastic yaa yahaan taka kii bahut patali dhaatu samagri seey banaa hoe sakata haye taaki kaee baar punah upayog kiya jaa sakey.
sabse aam pareekshan sanket "riri" varnon kii ack shrinkhala haye, kyonki yeye sabhi bits kaa abhyaas karate hue ack vaikalpik swar pattern banaate hain aur aasaani seey pehchaane jaate hain. paingram koo pareekshan sandeshon key roop mein aar. tii. tii. circuit parr bhee preshit kiya jaataa haye, sabse aam haye "aalsi kutte key oopar seey tez bhura lomdi koodati haye", aur francisi circuit mein, "voez leey eent key liye kyu jey 'examine prez doo ghaat"
takniki vinirdesh.
mool (yaa "boudot") radiotalitype pranali lagbhag hamesha boudot code yaa aaee. tii. aeye.-2 5 bitt varnamala parr adharit hoti haye. link 1 start bitt aur 1,1.5 yaa 2 stop bitt key saath varna atulyakaalik sancharan parr adharit haye. transmitter modulan aam taur parr aff. aiss. key. key hotaa haye. kabhi-kabhi, ack aar. aff. vaahak (aeye2bee, (aeye2bee koo sanshodhit karane vaale aeye. aff. aiss. key. sanket kaa upayog vee. aich. aff. yaa yuu. aich. aff. aavrittiyon parr kiya jaataa haye. maanak sancharan gati 45.45,50,75,100,150 aur 300 bodd hain.
samanya vaahak shift 85 heartz (ell. aff. aur vee. ell. aff. aavrittiyon parr upayog kiya jaataa haye), 170 heartz, 425 heartz, 450 heartz aur 850 heartz hain, halanki kuchh station gair-maanak shift kaa upayog karate hain. cyrillic, arabi, yunani aadi mein likhi gaee bhaashaon koo shamil karane key liye maanak baudot varnamala mein bhinnataaen hain.vishesh takneekon kaa upayog karna.
mool radio-teletype pranali kaa upayog karke vishisht sevaaon key liye gati aur sthanantaran key kuchh sanyojanon koo maankeekrit kiya gayaa haih
praarambhik shaukiya radio-teletype itihas.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, yuu. aiss. mein shaukiya radio sanchaalak.aiss. vaanijyik prachaalak iss samajh key saath aprachalit lekin upayog karane yogya teletype model 26 upkaran praapt karane lagey kii iss upkaran kaa upayog vaanijyik seva key liye yaa vaapas naheen kiya jaayega. "shaukiya radiotalitype aur vhf society" kii sthaapana 1946 mein woodside, newyork mein kii gaee thee. iss sangathan ney jald hii apana naam badalkar "vhf teletype society" curr liya aur audio frequency shift keying (afsc) kaa upayog karke 2 meater parr hamaare shaukiya radio sanchaalan shuru curr diye. record kaa pahala dou-tarfa shaukiya radio teletype sampark (kyu. aiss. oh.) maee 1946 mein dave winter, winter, brooklin, aine. vaaee. aur aur. aff. dee., johnn evance williams, woodside long eyeland, aine. vaaee. key beach huaa thaa. paschimi tata parr, shaukiya aar. tii. bhee 2 meater parr shuru huaa. 80 meater, 40 meater aur anya uchch aavritti (aich. aff.) shaukiya radio baindon parr sanchaalan shuru mein meck aind break keying kaa upayog karke puuraa kiya gayaa thaa kyonki aavritti shift keying (aff. aiss. key.) abhee taka adhikrit naheen thaa.
1949 kii shuruat mein, pahala americi antarmahadvipiya dou-tarfa aar. tii. tii. sampark sampark. oh. aur johnny agglesoff, envaai mein kaam karane vaale tomm mcmullan mcmullan key beach aeye. aff. aiss. key. kaa upayog karke 11 meater parr puuraa kiya gayaa thaa. stations ney 30 janwari, 1949 koo aanshik sampark kiya aur 31 janwari koo adhik safaltapurvak dohraya gayaa. 1 farwari, 1949 koo stations ney thhos print badhaai sandesh yatayat aur koodaa-chabaane kaa adaan-pradaan kiya. isase pahale, 23 janwari, 1949 koo, villium tii. nott, nott, larkmont, envaai, envaai key pareekshan sancharan kii ack motee prati banaane mein saksham they. jabaki samparkon koo puuraa kiya jaa sakata thaa, yeh jaldi seey mahsoos kiya gayaa kii aff. aiss. key. takniki roop seey keying banaane aur todane key liye behtar thaa. dha aar. tii. tii. society off sadarn california" key prakaashak maryl swan, swan. ee. aur "see. kyu. patrika" key prakaashak wein green, green. key prayason key kaaran shaukiya radio operators ney safaltapurvak yuu.aiss. sanghiya sanchaar aayog (aff. see. see.) ney niyamon key bhaag 12 mein sanshodhan karane key liye, joe 20 farwari, 1953 koo prabhaavi thaa. sanshodhit niyamon ney 80,40 aur 20 meater baind key gair-aavaaj bhaagon mein aff. aiss. key. kii anumati dee aur ekal channel 60 shabd-prati minut key upayog koo bhee nirdisht kiya. shaukiya radio prachaalak koo bhee pratyek prasaran key shuru aur anta mein aur antarrashtriya morse code kaa upayog karke duss minut key antaral parr apane station coll saain kii pehchaan karni thee. iss vyaapak badalaav kaa upayog shaukiya radio sanchaalan key liye ack samasya saabit huaa. vaanijyik prachaalak pahale hii pataa lagaa chuke they kii aich. aff. baind parr sankeern shift sabse achchha kaam karati haye. jaanch aur aff. see. see. koo ack yachika key baad, march 1956 mein bhaag 12 mein sanshodhan kiya gayaa, taaki shaukiya radio operators koo 900 heartz yaa usase cumm kii kissy bhee shift kaa upayog karane kii anumati dee jaa sakey.
aff. see. see. "prastaavit niyam banaane kii soochana" (aine. pee. aar. aim.) jisake parinamswarup shaukiya uchch aavritti (aich. aff.) baindon mein aff. aiss. key. key pradhikaran ney americi radio rille leag (aeye. aar. aar. ell.), rashtriya shaukiya radio parishad aur ack aim. aar. dwara daayar yachikaon kaa jawab diyaa. robbert weinstein. aine. pee. aar. aim. vishesh roop seey yeh bataata haye, aur yeh jaankaari "kyu. aiss. tii. patrika" key disambar 1951 key ank mein poori tarah seey paaee jaa sakati haye. jabaki "naee aar. tii. tii. pustika" aeye. aar. aar. ell. koo koee shreya naheen detee haye, ise "see. kyu. patrika" dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa aur isake lekhak ack "see. kyu." stambhakaar they ("see. kyu." usa samay aam taur parr aeye. aar. aar. ell. key prati shatrutapurna thaa).
pahali aar. tii. tii. pratiyogita dakshini california kii aar. tii. tii. society dwara 31 octuber seey 1 navambar, 1953 taka aayojit kii gaee thee. jise aar. tii. tii. sweepstake pratiyogita naam diyaa gayaa thaa, untees pratibhagiyon ney sandeshon kaa adaan-pradaan kiya jisamen ack crum sankhya, mool station coll, dou yaa teen nambaron kii check yaa pahali report, pravartak kaa aeye. aar. aar. ell. khand, sthaaniya samay (0000-2400 pasandida) aur tithi shamil thee. udaaharan key liyeh 1325 farwari 1325 taka, 1950 key dashak key anta taka, upayog kiye gaye baind koo shamil karane key liye pratiyogita vinimay kaa vistaar kiya gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liyeh aine. aar. 23 mein. pee. see. key. minn 1325 farwari 15 chaalees meater. pratiyogita koo iss prakaar ank diyaa gayaah poori tarah seey aar. tii. tii. dwara bheje aur praapt kiye gaye pratyek sandesh key liye ack ank aur aar. tii. tii. dwara praapt aur sweekaar kiye gaye pratyek sandesh key liye ack ank. antim ank kii ganana sandesh ankon kii kull sankhya koo kaary kiye gaye arrl anubhagon kii sankhya seey gunaa karke kii gaee thee. dou station jode gaye ankon key liye ack alag baind parr phir seey sandeshon kaa adaan-pradaan curr sakate they, lekin jaba ack hii khand koo ack alag baind parr phir seey kaam kiya gayaa tou khand gunak mein vriddhi naheen hui. pratyek dee. aiks. see. see. ikai koo aar. tii. tii. gunak rinn key liye ack atirikt aeye. aar. aar. ell. anubhaag key roop mein ginaa gayaa thaa.
aar. tii. tii."....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... udaaharan key liye, pahala darj sanyukt raajya america seey newzealand kaa dou-tarfa aar. tii. tii. sampark 1956 mein mein. pee. aur jaid. jaid. bee. key beach huaa thaa.
1950 key dashak key anta taka, shaukiya radio-teletype parr kendrit nae sangathan dikhaai dene lagey. british shaukiya radio teletype samooh", bartug, jise abb "british shaukiya radio teledata samooh" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, kaa gathan juuna 1959 mein kiya gayaa thaa. florida aar. tii. tii. society kaa gathan sitambar 1959 mein kiya gayaa thaa. kanada aur yuu. aiss. key baahar shaukiya radio operator.aiss. atirikt teleprinter praapt karna shuru curr diyaa aur prasaran shuru karane kii anumati praapt kii. yuu mein pahala darj aar. tii. tii. sampark.key. sitambar 1959 mein mein aur baad key beach huaa. kuchh hafton baad, baad key paas paas key saath pahala jee/vee aratti cuso thaa. isake baad jaldi hii vk3kf aur zl3hj key saath g3cqe qsos aaya. atirikt teleprinter upkaran praapt karane key tareeke key baare mein jaankaari failati rahee aur jald hii sabhi mahadweepon mein aar. tii. tii. parr kaam karna sambhav hoe gayaa.
shaukiya radio prachaalak 1950 aur 1960 key dashak mein aar. tii. tii. kaa upayog karke prasaarit honey key liye vibhinn upkaran designs kaa upayog karate they. shaukiya loga aar. tii. tii. sanchaalan key liye apane maujooda receivers kaa upayog karate they, lekin teleprinter key liye praapt audio sanketon koo dee. see. sanketon mein badalane key liye ack terminal ikai jodane kii aavashyakta hoti thee, jise kabhi-kabhi demodulator kahaa jaataa haye.
aar. tii. tii. sanket praapt karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale adhikansh antim ikai upkaran ghar mein banaae gaye they, jisamen shaukiya radio prakashanon mein prakaashit designs kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. inn mool designs koo antim ikaaiyon key dou vargon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haih audio-prakaar aur madhyavarti aavritti parivartak. audio-prakaar convertor shaukiya radio operators key beach adhik lokpriya saabit hue. judvaan shahar, shahar aur aur design vishisht terminal ikaaiyon key udaaharan they jinka upayog 1960 key dashak key madhya mein kiya gayaa thaa. 1960 key dashak key anta aur 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein थे। dwara design kii gaee terminal ikaaiyon kaa uday huaa, jaise kii teaty/ell, st-3, st-5 aur st-6. yeye design pahali baar sitambar 1967 mein shuru hocker 1970 mein samaapt honey vaali "rtt journal" mein prakaashit hue they.
थे। teaty/ell terminal ikai kaa ack roopaantaran keath pieterson, pieterson dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, aur ise pahali baar sitambar 1967 mein "rtt journal" mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. lekh mein yojnabaddh kaa masauda ralf leyland, leyland dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa.
shaukiya radio prachaalak koo aich. aff. aar. tii. tii. sanchaalan kii anumati dene key liye apane transmitters koo sanshodhit karane kii aavashyakta thee. yeh ack aavritti sthanantaran keier koo jodkar puuraa kiya gayaa thaa joe ack sandharitra koo circuit key ander aur baahar badalane key liye ack diode kaa upayog kartaa thaa, transmitter kii aavritti koo teleprinter sanket key saath synchronism mein sthanantarit kartaa thaa joe ack nishan seey dusare sthaan parr badal jaataa thaa. aar. tii. tii. key liye ack bahut hii sthir transmitter kii aavashyakta thee. 1950 aur 1960 key dashak mein lokpriya vishisht aavritti gunan prakaar kaa transmitter 80 meater parr apekshaakrit sthir hoga lekin 40 meater, 20 meater aur 15 meater parr uttarottar cumm sthir hoe jaayega. 1960 key dashak key madhya taka, transmitter designs koo adyatan kiya gayaa, ack parivartaniya cumm aavritti ausilator key saath ack chrystal-niyantrit uchch aavritti ausilator koo milakar, jisake parinamswarup sabhi shaukiya radio aich. aff. baindon mein behtar aavritti sthirata hui.
shaukiya aar. tii. key shuruati dinon key dauran, aar. tii. tii. ney sabhi mahadweepon mein kaam kiya puraskar kii kalpana dakshini california key aar. tii. tii. society dwara kii gaee thee aur aar. tii. tii. patrika dwara jaari kiya gayaa thaa. iss vaikaratti puraskar koo praapt karane vaalaa pahala shaukiya radio station vee. ee. 7key. aiks. thaa. ekal baind wack aar. tii. tii. hassil karane vaale pahale station station (3.5 aim. aich. aich.); aich.); (7 aim. aich. aich.); aich.); (14 aim. aich. aich.); aich.); (21 aim. aich. aich.) aur aur (28 aim. aich. aich.) they. arrl ney 1969 mein wack aar. tii. tii. pramanpatra jaari karna shuru kiya.
1970 key dashak kii shuruat taka, shaukiya radio aar. tii. tii. duniya bhar mein fail gayaa thaa aur antatah aar. tii. tii. key madhyam seey 100 seey adhik deshon mein kaam karna sambhav hoe gayaa thaa. aff. jee. 7. aiks. tii. pahala shaukiya radio station thaa jisane iss sammaan koo praapt karane kaa daavaa kiya thaa. haalaanki, jeane ney swatantra sameeksha key liye apane kyu. aiss. ell. card jamaa naheen kiye. 1971 mein mein pahala shaukiya radio station thaa jisane "aar. tii. tii. journal" key dee. aiks. sampaadak koo apane card jamaa kiye aur iss sammaan koo praapt kiya. arrl ney 1 navambar, 1976 koo dxcc rt puraskar jaari karna shuru kiya. usa tarikh seey pahale, rtt parr 100 deshon mein kaam karane key liye ack puraskar kewal rtt patrika key madhyam seey upalabdh thaa.
1950 seey 1970 key dashak mein, "aar. tii. tii. kalaa" ack lokpriya onn-air gatividhi thee. isamen lambe mukka tape prasaran key upayog key madhyam seey aar. tii. tii. parr bheje gaye (kabhi-kabhi bahut vistrit aur kalaatmak) chitra shamil they aur phir praapt karane vaale station dwara kagaj parr mudrit kiye jaate they.
7 janwari, 1972 koo aff. see. see. ney teji seey aar. tii. tii. gati kii anumati dene key liye bhaag 97 mein sanshodhan kiya. chaar maanak aar. tii. tii. gati koo adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa, arthaat, 60 shabd prati minut () (45 boud), 67 (50 boud), 75 (56.25 boud), aur 100 (75 boud). kaee shaukiya radio operators key paas aise upkaran they jinhen teleprinter gear badalkar 75 aur 100 shabd prati minut taka unnat karane mein saksham thaa. jabaki 100 sanchaalan mein praarambhik ruchi thee, kaee shaukiya radio operator 60 parr vaapas chaley gaye. 100 aich. aff. aar. tii. tii. kii viphalata key kuchh karanon mein anuchit roop seey banaae gaye yaantrik teleprinters kaa kharaab sanchaalan, sankeern bandwidth terminal ikaaiyaan, 100 parr 170 heartz shift kaa nirantar upayog, aur bahu path vikriti aur ayanmandaliya prasaar kii prakriti key kaaran atyadhik truti darr shamil hain.
aff. see. see. ney 17 march, 1980 koo shaukiya radio stations dwara aeye. aiss. see. aaee. key upayog koo manjuri dee, jisamen 3.5 aim. aich. jaid. seey 21.25 aim. aich. jaid. taka kii gati 300 bodd aur 28 aim. aich. jaid. aur 225 aim. aich. jaid. key beach 1200 bodd taka kii gati thee. 420 megahertz seey adhik shaukiya aavrittiyon parr 19.2 kiloboud taka kii gati koo adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa.
inn prateek daron koo baad mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaah
yuu. mein shaukiya radio operators kii aavashyakta.aiss. pratyek digital prasaran kii shuruat aur anta mein unake station coll saain kii pehchaan karane key liye, aur antarrashtriya morse code kaa upayog karke duss minut key antaral parr, antatah 15 juuna, 1983 koo aff. see. see. dwara hataa liya gayaa.
anya tarikon key saath tulanaa karein.
aar. tii. tii. mein 45.45 boud (lagbhag 60 shabd prati minut) key shaukiya sanchaalan key liye ack vishisht boud darr haye. yeh shaukiya radio mein "keyboard seey keyboard" mode key roop mein lokpriya haye. aar. tii. tii. kii vaanijyik lokpriyata mein girawat aaee haye kyonki upgrah yaa anya connections kaa upayog karke teji seey, adhik vishvasaniya vaikalpik detta mode upalabdh hoe gaye hain.
apani sancharan gati key liye, aar. tii. tii. mein cumm varnakramiya dakshata haye. 45.45 boud parr 170 heartz shift key saath vishisht aar. tii. tii. signal key liye lagbhag 250 heartz receiver bandwidth kii aavashyakta hoti haye, joe psk31 dwara aavashyak seey dogune seey adhik haye. siddhant roop mein, iss boud darr parr, shift key aakar koo 22.725 heartz taka cumm kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase samagr baind padchinh kaafee cumm hoe jaataa haye. kyonki aar. tii. tii., aeye. aff. aiss. key. yaa aeye. aff. aiss. key. modulan kaa upayog karke, sthir shakti key saath ack tarang kaa utpaadan kartaa haye, ack transmitter koo ack raikhik pravardhak kaa upayog karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye, joe kaee digital sancharan mode key liye aavashyak haye. ack adhik kushal varg see pravardhak kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye.
aar. tii. tii., aeye. aff. aiss. key. yaa aeye. aff. aiss. key. modulan kaa upayog karate hue, aich. aff. prasaar aur hastakshep kii anishchitataon key liye madhyam roop seey pratirodhi haye, halanki aadhunik digital mode, jaise aim. aff. aiss. key., behtar detta vishvasaniyata pradaan karane key liye aage kii truti sudhaar kaa upayog karate hain.
praathamik upayogkarta.
mukhya roop seey, praathamik upayogkarta way hain jinhen majboot laghu tarang sanchaar kii aavashyakta hoti haye. udaaharan iss prakaar hainh
aar. tii. tii. mausam vigyaan kii jaankaari prasaarit karane vaali ack niyamit seva german mausam vigyaan seva (dutior veterdianist yaa dee. doubleu. dee.) haye. dee. doubleu. dee. niyamit roop seey maanak aar. tii. tii. (aaee. tii. aeye.-2 varnamala) mein ell. aff. aur aich. aff. parr vibhinn aavrittiyon parr dou prograam prasaarit kartaa haye. coll saain, aavritti, bodd darr aur shift kii soochi iss prakaar haih
dee. doubleu. dee. sanket aasaani seey europe, uttari africa aur uttari america key kuchh hisson mein praapt kiye jaa sakate hain.
uchchaaran.
aar. tii. tii. (angreji mein) koo "radiotalitype" key roop mein isake aksharon dwara bolaa jaa sakata haih aar-tii-tii-vaaee, yaa buss/ριti/yaa/ρɑti key roop mein./

