chor key khilaf yuddh

dha warr against dha chtor americi lekhak david gerold key vigyaan kathaa upanyason kii ack shrinkhala haye. chtor shrinkhala koo mool roop seey ack trayi key roop mein yojnabaddh kiya gayaa thaa, lekin jaise-jaise kahani adhik jatil hoe gaee, gerold koo ehsas huaa kii teen kitaaben unake liye poori kahani bataane key liye paryaapt naheen hongi. kuchh samay key liye, vaha anishchit they kii anta mein kitni kitaaben hongi, lekin saat parr yojana banaa rahey they. chaar pustaken poori hoe chuki hain. chauthi pustak key prakaashan key 24 saal baad, paanchvaan aur chhathaa kaary chala rhaa thaa.
shrinkhala mein pustaken.
"purushon key liye ack mamla" (1983).
rahasyamay aur ghaatak viruses ney duniya kii adhikansh aabaadi koo mitaa diyaa haye, ajib aur hinsak videshi jeev, jinhen chtor kahaa jaataa haye, dikhaai dene lagate hain. zim mccarthy ack sainya vaigyaanik hain jinhen krimiyon key ghonsale koo saaf karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa haye, joe kii adhik prasiddh prakaar key chtor mein seey ack haye. vaha dekhta haye kii unake paas buddhi kaa ack star haye aur aage key vishleshan key liye teen andey vaapas laataa haye. aadhar parr vaapas, vaha seekhata haye kii raajneetik kalah aakraman koo samajhane parr koee vaastavik pragati karane key raaste mein aaa rahee haye. usey jald hii ack rahasyamay samooh mein bharti kiya jaataa haye jise kewal "ankal iraa" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye joe kissy bhee keemat parr chutter koo saaf karane key liye khud koo samarpit karate hain. ack prastuti mein ganmaanya vyaktiyon key ack samooh key saamane ack live chotoran krimi kaa pradarshan karate hue, krimi toot jaataa haye aur mccarthy dwara roke jaane seey pahale kaee logon koo maar detaa haye. usey jaldi seey ehsas hotaa haye kii narsamhar aur usaki mrityu kii yojana chaacha iraa dwara antarrashtriya samudaay koo chtoran samasya seey jagaane key tareeke key roop mein banaai gaee thee. raaste mein, zim kaa sabse achchha dost aur kabhi-kabhi premi, taid, telepathy core mein shamil honey kaa faisala kartaa haye, aur zim key dukh key kaaran, khud koo ack badey chhatte key dimag mein khou detaa haye.
"aeye day forr demonsion" (1985).
gahare chtoran kshetra mein ack mission parr, zim mccarthy aur unake chaalak dall ney ajib gulabi faz key barfeele toofaan mein apane helicopter koo durghatanagrast curr diyaa. chaalak dall iss avsar parr chtoran jeevan chakr aur paaristhitiki key pahale seey agyaat pahaluon kaa nireekshan kartaa haye. vishesh roop seey dilchasp khargoshon key beach manaaya jaane vaalaa ack ajib anushthaan haye, joe kii maanav khargoshon key samaan fanse hue videshi jeevan roopon mein seey ack haye, aur keede jahaan way samanjasya mein ack saath khelate prateet hotey hain. saine francisco lautane parr, mccarthy aakraman key turant baad saamane aaee zombi ghatnaaon kaa adhyayan karane mein kuchh samay bitaata haye; logon key badey samooh jaanvaron kii sabse buniyaadi buddhi koo khou dete hain aur jhundon mein uddeshyaheen roop seey bhatakate hain, kabhi-kabhi dusaron koo lubhaate hain joe bahut karib aatey hain. laashon aur khargosh/krimi anushthaanon key beach samaantaa koo dekhate hue, mccarthy sankshep mein unhein adhyayan karane key liye zombi jhund mein shamil honey kii anumati detaa haye, aur kewal mushkil seey bachaaya jaa sakata haye aur apane poorv swa koo bahaal curr sakata haye. joe kuchh unhone seekha uska upayog karate hue, vaha keede key ghonsale key paas ack team kaa netritva kartaa haye aur khargoshon kii tarah sanchaar kaa prayaas kartaa haye. halanki prayog shuru mein kaam kartaa prateet hotaa haye, keede hinsak hoe jaate hain aur manushyon aur anya logon parr hamla karate hain.
"badala lene key liye ack krodh" (1989).
shrinkhala kii teesari pustak dou kahaaniyon key beach baari-baari seey aatee haye, zim mccarthy ack panth mein apane samay key liye prashikshan aur flashback kaa anubhav kartaa haye. ack niyamit mission parr, mccarthy kii pulton vidrohi manushyon key ack samooh seey abhibhoot hoe jaati haye. usey bandee banaa liya jaataa haye aur dheere-dheere panth aur unake netaa, jayson delandro kii jeevan shally mein brainwash kiya jaataa haye. panth chatore kii seva karane mein vishvaas kartaa haye aur unake shivir key maidanon mein kaee keede hotey hain, halanki kewal kuchh uchch-star key sadasyon koo keede key rahasyon koo jaanane kii anumati haye. yeh panth ack prakaar key sukhvaad kaa bhee abhyaas kartaa haye, jisaki visheshta pedophilia sahit mukt prem haye. ack abhiyaan mein, zim koo ack kaam karane vaale radio key saath ack sainya adde kii khoj hoti haye. apane hosh mein vaapas aatey hue, vaha vidrohiyon key sthaan parr coll kartaa haye, phir vidrohiyon koo dhokha dene parr ack bhaavnaatmak aantarik ladaai ladate hue jangal mein binaa kissy uddeshya key bhatakata haye. zim california tata parr ack praaydweep kii or jaataa haye jahan usaki maan rahati thee, jise parivaar kahaa jaataa thaa, aur teen anathon koo god letee haye. jaba parivaar key netaa choran virodhi raksha kii unaki maangon koo nazarandaj karate hain, tou keede kaa ack samooh maidan mein ghus jaataa haye aur usake god liye gaye bachchon sahit parivaar key kaee logon koo maar detaa haye. zim koo pataa chalata haye kii krimiyon kaa netritva delandro ney kiya thaa aur vaha usey pakadane aur maarne kaa prabandhan kartaa haye. zim parivaar seey bhaag jaataa haye aur chtoran paaristhitiki dwara laae gaye ack matibhrampurna anubhav key baad, usey curnell elizabeth 'chhipakali' tyrely dwara ack helicopter mein uthaaya jaataa haye. zim koo buniyaadi maanav manovigyaan koo door karane key liye seekhane key liye mode prashikshan key liye bheja jaataa haye. tyrely aur mccarthy pahale seey hii prem prasang mein shamil they, aur way usa sambandh kaa vistaar karate hain jaba tyrely mccarthy koo sanyukt raajya key rashtrapati key saath ack baithak mein chattanon mein bhaari chotoran sankraman parr paramanu bumm giraane kii aavashyakta key baare mein gawahi dene key liye leey jaataa haye, yeh tark dete hue kii joe loga vahaan rahate hain way abb maanav naheen hain.
"aeye season forr collest" (1993).
gashti dall kaa netritva karate hue, zim mccarthy montrial key ack varishth adhikaari seey naraj hoe jaataa haye, joe saath aaney parr jore detaa haye lekin sthiti kii gambhirta koo naheen samajhata haye. usey raaste seey baahar nikaalane key liye, mccarthy usey yeh sochane mein fansaataa haye kii way donon ack live shambler grove (ack prakaar kaa mobile chotoran plant) key samvedi network mein chaley gaye they aur sambhavatah grove key nivaasiyon dwara unhein jeevit khaa liya gayaa thaa. vaastav mein, upavan mrit lugg rhaa thaa, lekin adhikaari koo yeh pataa naheen thaa aur vaha mccarthy koo sabhi adhikaar saunpane key liye sahmat hoe gayaa. upavan kii jaanch karate samay, vaigyaanikon ney isake neeche ack vishal garbh jaisi sanrachana kii khoj kii, joe way maanate hain kii vaha vaha sthaan haye jahan sabhi chtoran jeevan roop prithvi parr girane parr baney they. apane commanding adhikaari dwara fatkaar lagaae jaane key baad, mccarthy koo kaheen bhee sabse bhaari sankraman key saath amezan varshaavan key ack kshetra mein ack mission parr bheja jaataa haye. mission commander ack vishal dirigible haye jise mool roop seey aakraman seey pahale ack anand shilp key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa. jahaaj parr savaar, mccarthy aur tyrely aakhirkaar shaadi curr lete hain. jaba chamakati roshni key madhyam seey keede key saath sanchaar kaa ack tarika khojane kii koshish kii jaati haye, tou team galati seey ack choran yuddh shuru curr detee haye jahan keede ack badey paimaane parr vadh mein ack dusare seey ladate hain. ghar jaate samay udaan chaalak dall koo bahut dair seey ehsas hotaa haye kii chtoran stingbug ney helium kakshon mein bahut saare chhed curr diye hain, jisase lift gasses kaa bhaari nuksan hotaa haye. jaldi seey maal fenkate hue, jahaaj jitani jaldi hoe sakey sabhyata kii or vaapas jaataa haye lekin taba bhee durghatanagrast hoe jaataa haye jaba abhee bhee kaee meal taka choran kshetra mein haye. iss darr seey kii liz marr chuka haye, zim ack radio parr usaki aavaaz koo sankshep mein sunata haye. usey bachaane key liye vaha ack sarkari adhikaari seey sampark kartaa haye, down syndrome aur brain implant vaali ack mahila joe thheek seey anuman lagaati haye kii telepathy core kaa ack anjaan sadasya haye, aur tyrely kii khoj kaa anurodh karane key liye unake sanchaar network kaa upayog kartaa haye. haalaanki liz antatah paaya jaataa haye, lekin kitab samaapt hoti haye aur sabhi abhee bhee bachaav kii prateeksha curr rahey hain.
"burey sapanon key liye ack ghonsala.
juuna 2015 mein, paanchvin pustak (jise usa samay "pagalpan key liye ack vidhi" kahaa jaataa thaa) kathit taur parr sitambar 2015 mein jaari honey key liye nirdhaarit kii gaee thee, lekin lekhak key anusaar, agast 2015 key anta mein kewal pahala masauda samaapt kiya gayaa thaa aur beeta pathakon koo diyaa gayaa thaa.
14 march, 2017 koo gerold ney ghoshana kii kii paanchvin pustak kaa sheershak "burey sapanon key liye ack ghonsala" hoga, aur "pagalpan key liye ack vidhi" chhathi pustak hogi, jisamen donon pustaken poori honey key karib hain.
"pagalpan key liye ack tarika.
14 march, 2017 koo gerold ney ghoshana kii kii "pagalpan key liye ack vidhi" chhathi pustak hogi.
plot.
21veen sadee kii shuruat mein ack tabah sanyukt raajya mein sthaapit, vartamaan praudyogiki mein taarkik apekshit pragati key saath jaise kii ack nae chandrama aadhar, vigyaan-kathaa upanyason kii yeh shrinkhala ack videshi paaristhitiki dwara prithvi parr aakraman kaa varnan karati haye. kahani asamanya haye kii videshi dwara upayog kii jaane vaali ranneeti paaristhitiki tantra koo terreform karane key paksh mein samanya seedhe hamale seey bachati haye.
sanyukt raajya america ney gambhir raajneetik aur samajik uthal-puthal kaa saamana kiya haye. yeye bhoo-raajneetik sankaton aur hastakshepvaad key sambandh mein hamari sarkaar key vikalpon key anpekshit parinamon seey aae hain. kitaabon kii samayrekha mein, haal key dinon mein ack aur us/purvi gutt chhadm yuddh huaa thaa-israel raajya aur kuchh anya madhya purvi deshon key beach. yeh 1967 key arab-israel sangharsh, 1973 key arab-israel yuddh aur anya key ack badey, uchch-praudyogiki sanskaran key samaan thaa. pustaken kaalpanik nae yuddh key vistrit aacharan kii vyakhya naheen karati hain, naa hii way bataate hain kii kaun seey desh israel seey ladey they.
1997 kii garmiyon mein, israel ney ack paramanu hathiyar tainaat kiya thaa-aur duniya kii dhaarana thee kii israel ney sanyukt raajya key nirdeshon parr aisaa kiya thaa. cuba missile sankat key ulatafer kii tarah ack mamle mein, america koo soviyat sangh seey ack spasht paramanu ultimatum key tahat rakhaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, pustakon key aadhunik mudran mein kahaa gayaa haye kii ultimatum roose seey aaya thaa.
sanyukt raajya america key anaam rashtrapati ney yeh sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa thaa kii paramanu vishva yuddh III apariharya thaa, isaliye unhone masco kii yatra karane kaa faisala kiya thaa, jahaan varsh 2000 mein "sahasrabdi sandhiyon" parr hastakshar kiye gaye they. sanyukt raajya america sahasrabdi sandhiyon dwara kaafee hudd taka baadhit thaa. varshon baad sanyukt raajya america dwara pakistan mein ack kadve yuddh mein pravesh karane key baad baad kii sandhiyaan huin. america vahaan apane uddeshyon mein whiffle rhaa, aur usey ack aur paramanu ultimatum diyaa gayaa. doosara ultimatum chean key janvaadi ganarajya seey aaya thaa. natijatan, sanyukt raajya america koo apane sashastr balon koo bahut kamjor karane, kuchh hathiyar pranaliyon parr nae pratibandhon kaa paalan karane, yuddh key liye doshi honey key aadhikarik bayaan dene aur yuvaaon key liye nagrik shiksha key nae karyakramon koo shuru karane kii aavashyakta thee, joe bhavishya key yuddh shuru karane key liye amerikiyon key vikalp chunane kii sambhavana key khilaf savdhani baratane key liye they. sanyukt raajya america koo antarrashtriya samudaay koo bhaari kshatipurti dene key liye bhee kahaa gayaa thaa. america key sahyogiyon kaa network phir seey sanrekhit aur tootana jaari rakhta haye. anya desh adhik shatrutapurna hotey jaa rahey hain, bhale hii yeh hamesha shatruta key sainya bhaav mein naa hoe.
yuu.aiss. netaa naee praudyogikiyon mein badey nivesh key saath gharelu arthavyavastha koo protsaahit karke pratikriya dete hain. doosara, yuu.aiss. sahasrabdi sandhiyon key tahat aavashyak kshatipurti koo gupt roop seey punarsanrachana karane kaa prabandhan kartaa haye. naee americi rashtriya suraksha ranneeti sookshm haye, aur anya deshon koo sanyukt raajya parr adhik nirbhar banaane parr dhyaan kendrit karati haye. yeh aarthik kootneeti, tej shakti, soft power aur anya upaayon koo lagu karane key madhyam seey kiya gayaa thaa taaki vibhinn parisampattiyon aur pranaliyon parr videshi nirbharta koo badhaaya jaa sakey joe america dwara niyantrit yaa bhaari roop seey prabhaavit hain. inmein america kii naee peedhiyon kii unnat robotic pranaaliyan, americi antariksh-adharit saur oorjaa praudyogikiyaan, americi khaadya niryaat, americi antariksh parivahan pranaaliyan jaise antariksh vimaan, aur shaanti core aur usaid jaisi agencies dwara nae vistaarit prayaas shamil hain.
bahut gopaniyata mein, americi sarkaar iss maulik roop seey naee bhoo-raajneetik sthiti mein laabh praapt karane key liye unnat sainya praudyogikiyon, dohare upayog vaali praudyogikiyon aur sainya mamalon mein kranti kaa laabh uthaane key sadhanon parr kaam karna jaari rakhe hue haye. kitaaben uchch oorjaa vaale microwave hathiyar, cyber yuddh, sainya teleoperation aur buddhiman agents jaisi cheejon parr dhyaan detee hain jinhen sainyakrit kiya jaa sakata haye. sahasrabdi sandhiyon key tahat inn sabhi prayason koo nishiddh kiya gayaa haye.
isake turant baad, vinashkari mahamariyon kaa ack lamba hamla duniya koo gher letaa haye, jisamen 60 pratishat manavata kii maut hoe jaati haye. jaise-jaise jeevit bache loga sabhyata key punarnirmaan key liye sangharsh karate hain, way dheere-dheere pataa lagaate hain kii saikadon videshi paudhe aur pashu prajaatiyan rahasyamay tareeke seey khud koo fansaane luggy hain. yeye sabhi ajib prajaatiyan ack hii paaristhitik sthaan parr kabja karane vaale deshi jeevon kii tulanaa mein kaheen adhik avasarvaadi aur aakramak hain. parinamswarup, prithvi kii poori paaristhitiki teji seey pratisthaapit kii jaa rahee haye (yaa "chtorraform"). abb taka key sabse ghaatak shikari dwara kii gaee dhwani key baad aakramankariyon koo chtorrance kahaa jaataa haye.
samvedansheel videshi key koee sanket naheen hain, lekin manushyon kaa maanana haye kii aakraman jaanboojhkar kiya gayaa haye, yaa tou antariksh seey "beej" yaa agyaat antariksh yaan dwara laaya gayaa haye. kaee chotoran jeev (neeche dekhein) aise vyavhaar pradarshit karate hain joe ardh-samvedansheel hotey hain (nirmaan sanrachanaaen, upkaran banaana aur upayog karna, kheti/charvaahe, jaal sthaapit karna, gaanaa), phir bhee kendriya sawal yeh haye kii kyaa way aisaa bhavna yaa saamoohik aur krambaddh vyavhaar seey curr rahey hain, abhee taka iska jawab naheen milaa haye. jeevon kii pratyek naee parat key saath, chtoran "samajik" sanrachana key liye thodaa aur padanukram prakat hotaa haye, jisase yeh sambhavana paida hoti haye kii yeye sabhi jeev chtoran jeevan key kuchh badatar, uchch roop key samarthan mein prithvi koo badal denge. inn off-stage allions kaa anumaanit lakshya prithvi kii paaristhitiki kaa poorna pratisthaapan prateet hotaa haye-jaise kii adhikansh macroscopic deshi jeevon kaa safaya curr diyaa jaayega, deshi jeevon key ack chhote pratishat koo badal diyaa jaayega yaa punarsthaapit kiya jaayega taaki unhein pashupalan key tahat rakhaa jaa sakey, aur allions sambhavatah ack bhee shott key binaa prithvi parr daavaa karane mein saksham honge. ack aur sambhavana yeh haye kii saamoohik roop seey chtor "videshi hain. paaristhitik aakraman ney bahut adhik pair jamaa liye hain, aur manavata koo abhee taka yeh pataa naheen chala paaya haye kii sachcha dushman kaun haye; safaltapurvak kaise ladanaa haye).
kitaaben kaafee hudd taka zim mccarthy key romanch kaa anusaran karati hain, joe yuu mein ack vaigyaanik aur sanic hain.aiss. senaa, joe chtoran paaristhitiki koo samajhane kaa prayaas karati haye, jabaki vaha ise nasht karane key liye yuddh mein sanlagn haye. unake shuruati prayaas mukhya roop seey "keede" parr kendrit they, vishesh roop seey ack badee aur khatarnak sheersh shikari choran prajaati jiska shikaar badey paimaane parr manushyon kaa hotaa haye. mccarthy aur anya vaigyaanik chtoran paaristhitiki tantra key teji seey badhate jaal kii jaanch karate hain aur prajaatiyon key beach sambandhon koo ujagar karane kaa prayaas karate hain.
videshi paaristhitiki key vivaran key alawa, chtor shrinkhala mein maanav manovigyaan key vibhinn pahaluon parr lambi vyakhya shamil haye, vishesh roop seey yuddh key samay aur uttarjeevita kii sthitiyon key tahat.
chtoran paaristhitiki.
chotoran paaristhitiki koo badey hisse mein british prajanan jeevvigyaani jack kohain dwara design kiya gayaa thaa. yeh kaafee poorna aur susangat haye, jisase yeh kathin vigyaan kathaa bunn jaataa haye.
yadi dou cheejen hain joe sabhi chtoran jeevan roopon mein samaan hain, tou yeh haye kii way bhookhe hain, aur way badal jaate hain. lagbhag sabhi chtoran jeevan roop kissy naa kissy roop mein sahajeevan mein sanlagn hotey hain, joe punaraavarti hoe sakate hain. vaastav mein, baad kii pustakon mein vaigyaanikon koo sandeh honey lagaa kii "chtoran jeevmandal" alag-alag prajaatiyon kaa itna sangrah naheen haye kyonki yeh ack vishal chhatte jaisa superorganism haye, jisamen pratyek prajaati naa kewal ack sthaan koo puuraa karati haye, balki anya adhik jatil roopon key liye aadhar taiyar karati haye. shikaar karane vaale jaanvaron kii kaee prajaatiyon key baare mein vaastav mein badey shikari jaanvaron key kishore sanskaran honey kaa sandeh haye-kuchh joe vayaskata taka jeevit rahate hain aur apane chhote chachere bhaaiyon koo khaate hain. 
chtoran homeworld key baare mein joe bahut cumm anuman lagaaya jaa sakata haye vaha yeh haye kii isamen prithvi kii tulanaa mein thodaa adhik gurutvaakarshan honah chaahiye, aur isake vayumandal mein oxygen kii matra kuchh cumm honey chaahiye-chtoran maanspeshiyon kii taakat aur way prithvi parr oxygen koo kitni kushalata seey sansaadhit karate hain, isaki vyakhya karate hue. unake grah key ack puraane laal vishal taare key paas sthit honey kaa bhee sandeh haye, jisake parinamswarup adhikansh choran jeev gulabi seey laal kii germ rung yojana rakhate hain (halanki yeh bhinn hotaa haye). chtoran jeev aanuvanshik samagri key roop mein dee. aine. aeye. kaa upayog karate hainh saiddhaantik zenobiologist bataate hain kii dee. aine. aeye. pahale seey hii apane antarnihit rasayanik sthirata key kaaran videshi jaiv kshetron key liye saarvbhaumik aadhar honey kii bhavishyavani kii gaee thee. yahaan taka kii ack buniyaadi star parr gunasutron mein swatah-krambaddh, halanki, isake antar-sambandh tulaniya terran aanuvanshiki kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik jatil hain. iss prakaar chtoran aanvik jeev vigyaan prithvi key saath sangat haye, daahine haath key dna aur baaen haath key protein key saath-yadi yeh naheen hotaa, tou sankraman shuru hotey hii bhookh seey marr jaataa, terran jeevon koo pachaane mein asamarth hotaa.
chtoran jeevan roop (cumm seey cumm abb taka jinka saamana karna padaa haye) ardh-ushnakatibandhiya jalavaayu kshetron mein sabse achchha falate-phoolate prateet hotey hain, halanki way ushnakatibandhiya aur samshitoshna kshetron mein bhee kaafee safal hain. yeh anuman lagaaya jaataa haye kii way germ jalavaayu pasand curr sakate hain, aur kewal samshitoshna kshetron key liye itani achchi tarah seey anukoolit hue hain kyonki aam taur parr vahaan khaane key liye adhik manushya hotey hain. chaahe joe bhee hoe, aakraman key chhah saal baad grah kaa ack bhee aisaa kshetra naheen haye jisamen cumm seey cumm kuchh chhote chhote chotoran jeevan roop naa houn, yahaan taka kii sookshm jeev bhee naa houn. 
aam taur parr, chtoran jeevan registan yaa dhruviya kshetron mein failane mein dheema rhaa haye-phir seey, sambhavatah isaliye kii unamen upbhog karane key liye cumm jaiv-dravyamaan haye. apani registani jalavaayu key kaaran, australia koo ekmatra basey hue mahadweep key roop mein uddhrit kiya gayaa haye jisamen sankraman apekshaakrit halka rhaa haye (aur yeh jamey hue antarctica mein bhee halka haye). europe kewal madhyam roop seey prabhaavit rhaa haye, kyonki poori tarah seey spasht naheen haye (sambhavatah isaliye kii praarambhik mahamari ney isake atyadhik kendrit jansankhya kendron koo itani buri tarah seey tabah curr diyaa kii vahaan chtorrance key paas khaane key liye manushyon kaa adhishesh naheen thaa). adhikansh vishva senaaon kaa plaig mein safaya curr diyaa gayaa thaa, kyonki sarkaaron ney apane sainikon koo danga pulis key roop mein tainaat kiya thaa, jisase way bhee sankramit hoe gaye they. ekmatra apavaad sanyukt raajya thaah madhya poorv mein ack yuddh haarne key kaaran, antarrashtriya dabaav ney ise apani adhikansh sthaayi senaa koo nirastra karane key liye majboor curr diyaa, jiska parinam yeh huaa kii way vipattiyon seey butch gaye aur jald hii phir seey sangathit honey mein saksham hoe gaye. iss prakaar uttari america una kuchh kshetron mein seey ack haye joe chtoran atikraman kaa pratirodh karane mein saksham rhaa haye. taba bhee, paschimi tata kaa adhikansh hissa khou gayaa haye, kyonki chattani pahaadon key jangal mein chtorrance prajanan parr kissy kaa dhyaan naheen gayaa thaa, jaba taka kii unaki sankhya bhaari naheen thee. sanyukt raajya mein sabse kharaab sankramit kshetra chattani pahaadon mein hain, aur dakshinpurvi raajyon key ardh-ushnakatibandhiya (florida key madhyam seey mississippi) mein hainh inn raajyon mein seemit paramanu hamalon ney kewal asthaayi roop seey sankraman koo samaapt curr diyaa, joe maheenon key bheetar poorv star parr vaapas aaa gayaa.
anyatha, dakshin america, africa aur asia key vishal kshetra poori tarah seey prabhaavit hoe gaye hain. asia vishesh roop seey plaig seey buri tarah prabhaavit thaa-japan key apavaad key saath, joe apane alag-thalag dweep bhugol key kaaran apekshaakrit akshunna rahane mein saksham thaa. kuchh sabse kharaab aur sabse badey chotoran sankraman paschimi sanyukt raajya america, bhaarat aur brazil key amezan besin mein hain-joe kshetra teji seey ack videshi grah seey milate-julate hain.
chotoran paudhe.
kuchh chotoran jeevan-roop paudhon yaa kavak key samaan hotey hain, lekin kaee mansahari paudhe, yaa gatishil pashu-paudhe sankar hotey hain joe aasaan vargeekaran koo nakaarte hain.
pahala aur doosara sanskaran.
iss shrinkhala mein pahali dou pustakon key dou alag-alag sanskaran hain. pahala sanskaran 1983 mein timescape pustakon dwara jaari kiya gayaa thaa. iss sanskaran koo prakaashak dwara sampaadit kiya gayaa thaa aur kaee vastuon koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa jinn parr unhone apatti jataai thee. sabhi adhyaay parichay ("soloman laghu" uddharan) aur samlaingik samagri key kaee prishthon koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. yahee baat 1984 mein "aeye day forr demination" kii release key liye bhee kii gaee thee.
1989 mein, david gerold ney bantum pustakon key saath ack nayaa prakaashan anubandh kiya. iss baar, "purushon key liye ack mamla" aur "abhishaap key liye ack dinn" donon koo sabhi sanshodhit samagri key saath jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
anya puraane karyon key saath sambandh.
david gerold key anya karyon key kaee paatron aur vichaaron ney iss shrinkhala mein abhinay kiya haye. unamen seey aich hain.aeye.aar.ell.aaee.ee. ("jaba harley ack thee" pustak seey), tribbles ("starr track" seey, meep key roop mein prachhann), aur space lift ("chandrama seey uchhal" pustak seey).
isake vipareet bhee sach haye-anya puraane upanyason mein shrinkhala key sandarbh hain. chandrama seey uchhalate hue" mein, oregan mein ack mahila kaa ullekh haye joe daavaa karati haye kii ack vishal krimi ney usake ghode koo khaa liya, saath hii prithvi parr failane vaali mahamariyon key baare mein kaee maarg bhee hain, yeh bhee sujhaav dete hain kii donon kahaaniyan ack hii kahani brahmand mein hoti hain. shrinkhala key sandarbh "starr wolf" upanyason mein bhee dikhaai dete hain, jaise kii chtorrance proper aur daniel jeffrey foreman naamak ack swa-sahaayata guru, joe sujhaav dete hain kii donon shrinkhalaaen ack hii brahmand mein maujood hain. gerold key 1977 key upanyaas "moonstar odisi" mein "chtor-plants" kaa sandarbh haye...iska naam baal-khaane vaale rakshason key pauranik sthaan key liye rakhaa gayaa haye, jahan seey way aaney vaale they aur prakaash sanshleshan kaa ack vaikalpik roop thaa. chatod yaa chatod jaisi prajaatiyon aur sthitiyon kaa sandarbh bhee gerold kii 1993 kii pustak "under dha aaee off godd" aur isaki 1994 kii agali kadee "aeye covenant off justice" mein popp-upp kiya gayaa haye. apane "starr track" upanyaas "dha galactic whirlpool" mein, gerold ney "terran daarshanik, soloman short" koo uddhrit karate hue kahaa, "vivek kii yeh tantrika sambandhi khoj humm sabhi koo pagal curr rahee haye."
paatron kaa namkaran.
vadh key liye mausam" key liye, gerold ney kaee paatron kaa naam vaastavik logon key naam parr rakhaa, jinhone visheshaadhikaar ("tuckerisation") key liye gerold key pasandida daan koo daan kiya. gerold ney prayaas koo doharaane key baare mein naheen socha thaa, lekin jaise-jaise "pagalpan key liye vidhi" parr kaam aage badhaa, unhein "ack charitra khareedane" key baare mein itane saare prashansak poochtaachh praapt hue kii unhone ise phir seey karane kaa faisala kiya. isase pahale, "badala lene key liye krodh" mein, gerold mein kaee paatr shamil they, vishesh roop seey aise bachche jinhen keede dwara khaaya jaane kaa bhaagya thaa, jinka naam unake pahale yuu. key. starr track sammelanon mein bhaag lene key dauran banaae gaye doston key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.

