
tantrika tantra

tantrika tantra antahvishay adhyayan kaa ack kshetra haye joe kanuni niyamon aur manakon parr tantrika vigyaan mein khojon key prabhaavon kii khoj kartaa haye. tantrika vigyaan, darshan, samajik manovigyaan, sangyanatmak tantrika vigyaan aur aparaadh vigyaan seey aakarshit, tantrika tantra key chikitsak naa kewal iss baat key varnanatmak aur bhavishyasoochak muddon koo sambodhit karna chaahte hain kii tantrika vigyaan kaise haye aur kanuni pranali mein iska upayog kiya jaayega, balki tantrika vigyaan kaa upayog kaise kiya jaanaa chaahiye aur kaise naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye, isake maanak muddon koo bhee sambodhit karna chaahte hain.
karyatmak chumbakiya anunaad imaging (fmri) anusandhaan key teji seey vikas ney tantrika-anatomical sanrachana aur kaary parr naee antardrishti koo janm diyaa haye, jisase maanav vyavhaar aur sangyaan kii adhik samajh hui haye. ack pratikriya key roop mein, inn nishkarshon koo aparaadh vigyaan aur kanuni prakriyaon parr kaise lagu kiya jaa sakata haye, iss baare mein prashnon kaa uday huaa haye. vartamaan tantrika-tantra anusandhaan key pramukh kshetron mein adalat kaksh key aavedan, tantrika vigyaan nishkarshon key kanuni nihitarth aur tantrika vigyaan seey sambandhit kshetradhikar kaise banaaya aur lagu kiya jaa sakata haye, shamil hain.
tantrika tantra aur isake sambhaavit anuprayogon mein badhati ruchi key bavjood, kanuni kshetra durupyog key paryaapt avsar koo pahachaantaa haye aur nae shodh parinamon key saath saavdhaanipoorvak aage badh rhaa haye.
itihas.
neurolau shabd pahali baar jey dwara gadhaa gayaa thaa. 1991 mein sheroad teller ney ack neurocycology journal key lekh mein aaparaadhik nyaay pranali mein manovaigyanikon aur vakeelon kii bhoomika kaa vishleshan kiya. iss prakaashan key baad, donon kshetron key vidvaanon ney prastutiyon aur samvaadon key madhyam seey network banaana shuru curr diyaa, aur iss pratichhedan key baare mein pustakon, lekhon aur anya saahitya koo prakaashit karna shuru curr diyaa. tantrika tantra key vistaar key samanantar, tantrika nitishastra kaa uday hoe rhaa thaa.
mccarther foundation dwara kaanoon aur tantrika vigyaan pariyojana kii shuruat dwara tantrika tantra aur naitikta key pratichhedan kii behtar jaanch kii jaa sakee. iss pariyojana kaa pahala charan 2007 mein 1 karod dollar key anudan key saath shuru kiya gayaa thaa. iss pahal ney prayogaatmak aur saiddhaantik detta sahit kaee muddon koo sambodhit karane vaali chaalees pariyojanaon koo banaae rakhaa, joe iss baat key aur saboot pradaan karenge kii tantrika vigyaan antatah kaanoon koo kaise aakar dey sakata haye. kaanoon aur vyavhaar anusandhaan key liye grutter sansthaan aur daanaa foundation kuchh pramukh sansthaan hain joe anudan praapt karate hain aur iss pahal key tahat tantrika anusandhaan kaa sanchaalan karate hain.
neurolau ney kaee vishvavidyalayon key hiton koo bhee badhaa diyaa haye, jaise kii tantrika vigyaan aur kaanoon parr beller college off medicine kii pahal, jise abb rashtriya gair-laabhkaari key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye jise vigyaan aur kaanoon kendra kahaa jaataa haye. saila, jaisa kii sangathan koo jaanaa jaataa haye, neetiyon kaa vishleshan karane aur aaparaadhik nyaay pranali koo aage badhaane key liye samadhan vikasit karane key liye tantrika vigyaan, kaanoon, naitikta, prograaming aur detta vigyaan kaa laabh uthaana chaahata haye. unakaa ghoshit lakshya 'samajik neeti koo sakshya-adharit tareeke seey chalaana haye, jisase karawas kii darr koo cumm kiya jaa sakey aur aaparaadhik nyaay pranali mein laagat prabhaavi aur maanviya tareeke seey sudhaar key liye nae vikalp pradaan kiye jaa sakein. pensylvania vishvavidyalaya kaa tantrika vigyaan aur samaaj kendra julaai 2009 mein shuru huaa, aur tantrika vigyaan key samajik, kanuni aur naitik nishkarshon kaa saamana karane kii disha mein kaam curr rhaa haye. vanderbilt vishvavidyalaya ney pahala dohra jey banaaya.dee./2010 mein sanyukt raajya america mein phd.
neurocriminology.
kuchh mahatvapurna sroton ney usa tareeke koo aakar diyaa haye jisase vartamaan mein nyayalaya mein tantrika vigyaan kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. mukhya roop seey, jey. sheroad teller kii pustak, "neurolah brain aind spinal cord injury" (1997), jiska upayog vakeelon key liye adalat kaksh mein chikitsa shabdawali koo thheek seey pesh karane aur mukdamebaji parr tantrika vigyaan key prabhaavon koo aur vikasit karane key liye ack sansaadhan key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. iss pustak mein, teller ney "dobbert banaam" key parinamon kii bhee vyakhya kii. merrell daau pharmaceuticals ". sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya key iss mamle key parinamswarup abb jise dobbert maanak key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe adalat kaksh mein vaigyaanik sakshya key upayog key sambandh mein niyam nirdhaarit kartaa haye. yeh maanak usa tareeke koo niyantrit kartaa haye jisase ack adalati mamle key dauran tantrika vigyaan sakshya prastut kiya jaa sakata haye.
aaparaadhik dhaarana.
haal hii mein, patoft aur unake sahyogiyon ney ack nayaa gadhaa gayaa shabd pesh kiyaah "aaparaadhik dhaarana" ack aisee kshamata key roop mein joe ack bachche key liye aaparaadhik sthitiyon koo samajhana aur kanuni roop seey vyavhaar karna sambhav banaati haye."iss shabd mein bachchon kii dou alag-alag antarnihit visheshtaen shamil hain jinka arth haye samajik aur naitik vyaktitva. pahala mastishk key una kshetron koo niyojit kartaa haye joe maanak sangyanatmak aur vyakti kii dhaarana mein yogdan karate hain; aur doosara sangyanatmak network seey utpann hotaa haye jisake dwara aaparaadhik sthiti mein aant kii bhavna, bhaavnaatmak jagrukta aur sachet vichaar-vimarsh kaa ehsas hotaa haye. 
aparaadh kii bhavishyavani.
vyavhaar pareekshan aur neuroimaging sakshya maanav vyavhaar kii bhavishyavani karane key liye sambhaavit roop seey adhik sateek tareeke pradaan karate hain. aparaadh vigyaan mein upayog kiye jaane vaale inn upkaranon koo vikasit karna vishesh roop seey aaparaadhik sajaa kii avadhi nirdhaarit karane aur jokhim kaa aaklan karane mein fayademand hoga jisake liye apraadhiyon koo jail mein rehna chaahiye yaa bhavishya key apraadhon kii bhavishyavani key aadhar parr riha kiya jaanaa chaahiye. inn upkaranon kaa anukoolan naa kewal punarkalpana kii prakriya mein sahaayata curr sakata haye, balki way vyaktigat punarvaas kii aavashyakta key liye sanket bhee dikhaa sakate hain. iss jaankaari aur isake sambhaavit anuprayogon key aalok mein, kanuni pranali atirikt aaparaadhik gatividhi kii bhavishyavani karane kii kshamata key aadhar parr sajaa aur dund key beach santulan banaana chaahati haye. 
vigyaan aur kaanoon kendra ney vyaktigat nirnay lene koo prerit karane vaale karyon kaa upayog karke logon koo uchit aparaadh-pashchaat punarvaas karyakramon kii or leey jaane mein madad karane key liye mobile aur gamified neurocognitive risk assessment (aine. see. aar. aeye.) kaa ack samooh vikasit kiya haye. nasl key sandarbh key binaa aakraamakta, sahaanubhooti, nirnay lene aur aaveg mein vyaktigat antar koo samajhkar samooh kaa kahana haye kii way punarvaas key liye behtar aur nishpaksh maarg kaa nirmaan curr sakate hain. jokhim mulyankan key roop mein, yeh aamtaur parr upayog kiye jaane vaale jokhim mulyankan kii tulanaa mein bhavishyasoochak yaa adhik paaya gayaa. nyaay koo aage badhaane" key apane mission key anuroop, aine. see. aar. aeye. adhik nishpaksh aur nishpaksh mulyankan key liye nasl key detta koo ekatra naheen kartaa haye.
pagalpan kii raksha.
sanyukt raajya america kii aaparaadhik nyaay pranali kii pravritti usa hudd taka seemit karane kii rahee haye jiss taka koee mansik bimari key aadhar parr nirdoshta kaa daavaa curr sakata haye. 20veen shatabdi key madhya key dauran kaee adalaton ney, durham niyamon aur americi kaanoon sansthaan model dund sanhita key madhyam seey, kharaab ichcha koo pagalpan bachaav key liye vaidh aadhar maanaa. haalaanki, jaba 1982 mein johnn hinkley koo pagalpan key kaaran burry curr diyaa gayaa, tou iss raay mein badalaav aaya, jisane mansik bimari kii ack sankeern paribhasha koo badhaava diyaa. pagalpan key nirnay teji seey aim 'nugten niyamon parr adharit hoe gaye, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii jaba taka koee yeh saabit karane mein saksham naheen hotaa kii ack mansik bimari usey yeh jaanane seey rokti haye kii unake kaary galat they, yaa aaparaadhik kaary key swabhaav koo jaanane seey, kissy parr aaparaadhik roop seey pagal key roop mein mukadama naheen chalaaya jaa sakata haye.
prefrontal cortex parr kiye gaye samkaaleen shodh ney iss drishtikon kii aalochana kii haye kyonki yeh kharaab ichcha koo ack kaarak maanata haye. kaee shodhkarta aur adaalaten "apratirodhya aaveg" koo mansik bimari key liye vaidh aadhar key roop mein maanana shuru curr rahee hain. tantrika vigyaan ney pagalpan kii raksha mein joe kaarak jode hain, unamen seey ack yeh daavaa haye kii mastishk ney "kissy koo aisaa karane key liye majboor kiya haye.inn mamalon mein, tark iss dhaarana parr adharit haye kii vyaktiyon key nirnay unake liye kiye jaate hain, isase pahale kii way sachet roop seey mahsoos curr sakein kii way kyaa curr rahey hain.
niyantran aur nishedh tantra parr aage key shodh seey pagalpan kii raksha mein aur sanshodhan kii anumati milegi. pee. aff. see. kii kharaab karyapranali iss baat kaa pramaan haye kii mansik bimari mein ack pramukh kaarak baadhit ichchaashakti haye. aff. aim. aar. aaee. kaa upayog karane vaale kaee prayogon seey pataa chalata haye kii pee. aff. see. kaa ack kaary kissy vyakti koo adhik kathin kaarravaai karane kii disha mein pakshapaat karna haye. yeh kaarravaai ack deerghakaalik puraskar kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, aur yeh ack aisee kaarravaai key saath pratispardha curr rahee haye jisase tatkaal santushti hogi. yeh paschaataap sahit naitik tark key liye jimmedaar haye. vyaktigat bhinnataaen joe pee. aff. see. koo baadhit karati hain, nirnay lene kii prakriya key liye behad hanikarak hain, aur ack vyakti koo ack aparaadh karane kii adhik sambhavana detee haye joe usane anyatha naheen kiya hotaa.
mastishk kii mrityu.
chot yaa beemaariyaan joe ack nirantar vanaspati avastha kaa kaaran banati hain, mastishk mrityu key sambandh mein kaee naitik, kanuni aur vaigyaanik muddon mein sabse aage aaa gaee hain. baahar seey, yeh jaanana mushkil haye kii kaba koee rogi thheek honey kii ummeed seey parey haye, saath hii yeh taya karna bhee kii kisake paas jeevan samarthan samaapt karane kaa adhikaar haye.
sangyaan mein anusandhaan pahalon ney vanaspati avastha kii samajh vikasit karane mein madad kii haye. shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii halanki ack vyakti jaagrit aur sachet hoe sakata haye, vaha baahari uttejana key prati jagrukta yaa maanyata key koee sanket naheen dikhaa sakata haye. 2005 mein, ack 23 varsheeya mahila parr shodh kiya gayaa thaa, jise ack automobile durghatana seey dardanaak mastishk kii chot luggy thee. mahila koo vanaspati avastha mein ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa; paanch maheene key baad bhee vaha anuttardaayi bunny rahee, lekin mastishk key pattern key maap ney samanya neend aur jaagane key chakr kaa sanket diyaa. aff. aim. aar. aaee. praudyogiki kaa upayog karate hue, shodhkartaon ney nishkarsh nikala kii vaha mastishk key vishisht kshetron mein gatividhi key madhyam seey baahari uttejanaon koo samajhane mein saksham thee. vishesh roop seey, unhone madhya aur behtar laukik gyrie mein badhati gatividhi kaa pradarshan kiya, jaisa kii ack swasth vyakti kartaa haye. iss sakaratmak pratikriya ney mastishk kii mrityu key prabhaavon koo samajhane aur vanaspati avasthaon mein vyaktiyon seey sambandhit kanuni, vaigyaanik aur naitik prashnon key uttar dene mein madad karane key liye chikitsa imaging key liye kshamata kaa khulasa kiya.
nutropics.
neurolau mein nutropics yaa dimag badhaane vaali davaaon key sambandh mein naitik prashn bhee shamil hain. vartamaan shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii bhavishya mein shaktishali davaaen hoe sakati hain joe vishesh roop seey rakt mastishk baadha koo darkinar karke mastishk key kaary koo lakshit aur badal sakati hain. nashili davaaon key upayog key madhyam seey kissy kii ekagrata, smriti yaa sangyaan mein mahatvapurna sudhaar karane kii kshamata ney inn padarthon kii vaidhata aur rosemarra kii jindagi mein unaki upayuktata parr kaee sawal uthaaye hain. peshevar khelon mein anabolic steroid key upayog parr vivaad key anuroop, kaee uchch vidyalaya aur vishvavidyalaya chhatron seey savdhan hain kii way antatah shaikshanik pradarshan koo kritrim roop seey badhaava dene key liye nutropics kaa upayog karate hain.
nutropics key upayog key sambandh mein uthaaye gaye kuchh prashnon mein shamil hainh
vaigyaanikon aur nitishastravidon ney samaaj parr samagr prabhaav kaa vishleshan karate hue inn prashnon key uttar dene kaa prayaas kiya haye. udaaharan key liye, yeh kaafee hudd taka sweekaar kiya jaataa haye kii sangyanatmak vikaaron seey peedit rogiyon parr mastishk badhaane vaali davaaen sweekarya hain, jaisa kii adhd vaale bachchon aur vayaskon koo atirikt davaaen nirdhaarit karane key mamle mein hotaa haye. halanki, edral aur ritalin bhee lokpriya kalabazari davaayen bunn gaee hain, vishesh roop seey college parisaron mein. chhaatr aksar unakaa upayog dhyaan banaae rakhane key liye karate hain jaba badee matra mein school key kaam koo puuraa karane key liye sangharsh karate hain, aur aksar utpann prabhaavon parr nirbhar hoe jaate hain.
yeh naitik roop seey sandigdh haye kii kyaa jinn vyaktiyon koo nutropics kii aavashyakta naheen haye, unhein unakaa upayog karna chaahiye, aur jyaadaatar agyaat haye kii nirantar upayog kissy aise vyakti key mastishk rasayan vigyaan koo kaise prabhaavit curr sakata haye joe gair-nirdeshaatmak karanon seey nutropics kaa upayog curr rhaa haye.
vartamaan shodh.
tantrika tantra kii pragati atyaadhunik chikitsa praudyogiki aur anudan-vitt poshit anusandhaan parr nirbhar karati haye. tantrika tantra anusandhaan mein upayog kii jaane vaali sabse pramukh takneekon aur vishayon mein karyatmak chumbakiya anunaad imaging (fmri), positron utsarjan tomography (pett scan), chumbakiya anunaad imaging (mri) aur epigenetics shamil hain.
epigenetics.
vartamaan shodh yeh pataa lagaa rhaa haye kii aanuvanshik vishleshan kaa upayog jokhim kaa aaklan karane aur asamanya vyavhaaron kii bhavishyavani karane key liye kaise kiya jaa sakata haye. adhyayanon ney hinsak vyavhaar aur maoa jeane key cumm elil sanskaran key beach sambandh dikhaaya haye. praarambhik shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii jinn purushon mein yeh nishkriya jeane haye aur jinhone bachpan key durvyavahar kaa anubhav kiya haye, unamen samanya maoa jeane abhivyakti vaale purushon kii tulanaa mein hinsak aparaadh karane kii sambhavana kaee sou gunaa adhik hoti haye.
iss tarah key nishkarshon ney 'neuroprediction' key baare mein baatchit koo janm diyaa haye, yaa aaparaadhik vyavhaar kii bhavishyavani karane aur vyaktigat jokhim kaa aaklan karane key liye aanuvanshiki aur neuroimaging taur-tarikon kaa upayog kiya haye. yadi bhavishyavani key peechhe key vigyaan mein sudhaar hotaa haye, tou sansadon koo yeh taya karane kii aavashyakta hogi kii aanuvanshik, neuroenetomical yaa neuropathic bhavishyavaniyan jokhim mulyankan key liye kanuni nirnayon mein kyaa bhoomika nibha sakati hain, vishesh roop seey jaba kissy aparaadhi koo sajaa dee jaa rahee hoe yaa riha kiya jaa rhaa hoe.
neuroimaging.
apraadhiyon mein sanrachanaatmak aur yaantrik tantrika dosh koo samajhane seey uddeshyon koo nirdhaarit karane aur aaparaadhik jimmedaari koo paribhaashit karane mein madad mill sakati haye.
aff. aim. aar. aaee. vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna haye kyonki yeh maanav mastishk key vistrit karyatmak maanchitran kii anumati detaa haye. fmri rakt oxygen star parr nirbhar (bolled) contrast koo maapata haye, joe hamein rakt pravaah key aadhar parr ack nishchit samay mein mastishk key sabse sakriya kshetron koo dekhane kii anumati detaa haye. yeh imaging paddhati shodhkartaon koo jatil tantrika maargon aur tantra kii pehchaan karane aur samajhane mein madad karati haye. tantrika tantra anusandhaan mein praasangik tantra smriti, puraskar, aaveg aur chhal paripath hain.
neuroimaging taur-tarikon kaa upayog aakar aur aakar key sandarbh mein neuroenatomical sanrachanaon kaa vishleshan karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. shodhkarta swasth, achchi tarah seey kaam karane vaali mastishk sanrachanaon kii visheshtaon koo paribhaashit karane kii disha mein kaam curr rahey hain, joe hamein asamanya, aaparaadhik mastishk mein apkriyaon aur kamiyon koo behtar dhang seey samajhane mein madad curr sakate hain.
jhooth kaa pataa lagaana.
aff. aim. aar. aaee. sakshya kaa upayog jhooth kaa pataa lagaane key ack adhik unnat roop key roop mein karane kii kshamata haye, vishesh roop seey satya kahane, dhokhe aur jhoothi yaadon mein shamil mastishk key kshetron kii pehchaan karane mein.
jhoothi yaaden gavaahon kii gawahi koo maanya karane mein ack baadha hain. shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii jaba shabdarth seey sambandhit shabdon kii soochi prastut kii jaati haye, tou pratibhaagi kii yaad aksar anajaane mein galat aur una shabdon kii yogaatmak hoe sakati haye joe mool roop seey maujood naheen they. yeh ack samanya manovaigyaanik ghatana haye, lekin kissy mamle key tathyon koo hull karane kaa prayaas karate samay juurii key saamane kaee samasyaaen prastut karati haye.
jaanboojhkar jhooth bolane key dauran mastishk kii gatividhi kaa vishleshan karane key liye bhee fmri imaging kaa upayog kiya jaa rhaa haye. nishkarshon seey pataa chalaa haye kii dorsolateral prefrontal cortex taba sakriya hotaa haye jaba vishay jaankaari jaanane kaa naatak curr rahey hotey hain, lekin yeh kii sahee poorvavarti hippocampus taba sakriya hotaa haye jaba koee vishay jhooth bolane yaa sahee dhang seey sach kahane key vipareet galat pehchaan prastut kartaa haye. yeh ingit kartaa haye kii jhooth bolane aur galat smriti yaad karane key liye dou alag-alag tantrika maarg hoe sakate hain. haalaanki, iss baat kii seemaaen hain kii mastishk kii imaging sachchai aur dhokhe key beach kitna antar curr sakati haye kyonki yeye kshetra karyakari niyantran kaary key samanya kshetra hain; yeh bataana mushkil haye kii kyaa sakriyan jhooth bolane key kaaran dekhaa gayaa haye, yaa kuchh asambandhit haye.
bhavishya key shodh kaa uddeshya yeh antar karna haye kii kaba koee vaastav mein kissy anubhav koo bhool gayaa haye aur jaba kissy ney jaankaari koo chhipaane yaa mangadhant banaane key liye sakriya vikalp chunaa haye. iss antar koo vaigyaanik vaidhata key bindu taka vikasit karane seey yeh samajhane mein madad milegi kii prativaadi kaba apane karyon key baare mein sachche hain aur kaba gawah apane anubhavon key baare mein sachche hain.
neuroimaging aalochanaaen.
kanuni pranali mein neuroimaging kaa upayog ack bahut hii vibhajit darshak banaata haye. kaee loga isaki kshamata key liye tark dete hain, jabaki anya kaa tark haye kii yeh aaparaadhik nirnay lene kii prakriyaon kii maanav jaanch koo sateek roop seey pratisthaapit naheen karega.
haal key shodh nishkarshon parr vichaar karate hue bhee, neuroimaging koo abhee bhee aparyaapt roop seey samajha jaataa haye. aff. aim. aar. aaee. chhavi dekhate samay ayu, dawa key itihas, aahar aur antahsraavi kaary jaise atirikt chikitsa karakon parr vichaar karane kii aavashyakta haye, aur scanner kii samvedansheelta parr bhee vichaar karane kii aavashyakta haye. yadi scan kiya jaa rhaa vyakti sthanantarit curr rhaa haye yaa saunpe gaye karyon koo galat tareeke seey puuraa curr rhaa haye, tou utpaadit chhaviyaan amaanya hongi. anya aalochak iss baat parr prakaash daalate hain kii praudyogiki seey praapt chhavi mastishk kii jaanboojhkar pradarshan naheen karati haye. karyatmak neuroimaging kaa uddeshya ichcha kii ganana karna naheen thaa, aur halanki yeh una prakriyaon mein antardrishti pradaan curr sakata haye joe vyavhaar kaa kaaran banati hain, iss parr bahas kii jaati haye kii kyaa chhaviyaan maanav tark aur vishisht vichaar prakriyaon parr vastunishth roop seey sankuchit hoe sakati hain yaa naheen. yeye kaarak neuroimaging parinamon kaa sateek aaklan karna mushkil banaate hain, yahee kaaran haye kii unhein adalati mamalon mein prastut karane mein sankoch hotaa haye.
aff. aim. aar. aaee. jhooth kaa pataa lagaane key peechhe key vigyaan parr vivaad 2010 mein ack aaparaadhik mukadame mein isaki sweekaryata key baare mein ack dobbert sunavaai key saath ack sanghiya adalat mein pravesh kiya. antatah, neuroimaging vaidhata key baare mein sandeh key aadhar parr chhaviyon koo baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 2012 kii ack appeal mamle key baare mein adalat key drishtikon koo badalane mein whiffle rahee. kanuni peshevaron kaa sujhaav haye kii vartamaan mein kanuni yaa anya uchch-daanv upayogon key liye neuroimaging kii upayuktata key baare mein bahut saare gambhir, khule prashn hain.
vyavhaar mein aavedan.
isaki vaidhata key baare mein peshevar aur aam janata key sandeh key kaaran tantrika tantra takneeken aur neetiyaan dheere-dheere kanuni pranali mein pravesh curr rahee hain. vartamaan mein dou companiyan, noo laai aim. aar. aaee. aur sephos corp, jhooth kaa pataa lagaane kii sevaaen pradaan karati hain joe neuroimaging kaa upayog karati hain. unaki sevaaon koo polygraph pareekshan kaa ack adhik unnat roop maanaa jaataa haye, lekin adalat kaksh mein shayed hii kabhi saboot key roop mein sweekaar kiya jaataa haye. sanrachanaatmak aur karyatmak vishleshan key liye neuroimaging sakshya kaa upayog bhaugolik kshetra aur roop-rekha kii saanskritik sweekriti key aadhar parr bahut bhinn hotaa haye.
aaparaadhik kaanoon.
sanyukt raajya america mein, mastishk scan key parinamon kaa upayog mukadame key sajaa key charan key dauran teji seey kiya gayaa haye, 2006 seey 2009 taka tantrika vigyaan sakshya seey judey mamalon kii darr doguni hoe gaee haye. california aur newyork mein honey vaale dou mamalon mein, prativaadi neuroimaging kaa upayog karke pratham-degree hatyaa kii sajaa koo maanav vadh mein cumm karane mein saksham they. pratyek mamle mein mastishk scan prastut kiye gaye joe aparaadh mein unaki jimmedaari koo cumm karane kii ummeed mein tantrika sambandhi kaary mein baadha kaa sujhaav dete hain. harrington banaam key mamle mein mastishk chhaviyon kaa bhee upayog kiya gayaa thaa. 2003 mein raksha key liye saboot key roop mein ayova raajya. haalaanki, harrington banaam key mamle mein. ayova kii sthiti mein, "mastishk kii chhaviyon koo kewal nyayadhish koo dikhaaya gayaa thaa naa kii ack juurii panel koo, jisase iss mamle kii kshamata koo sakshya key roop mein mastishk imaging kaa upayog karane key liye poorvavarti key roop mein upayog karane kii kshamata cumm hoe gaee.
bhaarat key mumbai mein, kanuni pranali ney tantrika vigyaan koo lagu karane mein adhik teji seey drishtikon apanaaya haye, aur ise pahale hii aaparaadhik doshasiddhi mein shamil curr liya haye. 2008 mein, ack bhaaratiya mahila koo majboot paristhitijanya sakshya key aadhar parr hatyaa kaa doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen ack mastishk scan bhee shamil thaa jisamen usake aparaadh kaa sanket thaa. steinford vishvavidyalaya mein kaanoon key professor hank greely ney iss doshasiddhi kii teekhi aalochana kii thee. mastishk vidyut dolan hastakshar profiling pareekshan (bee. oh. aiss. pee.) dwara utpaadit sakshya key aadhar parr scan kaa virodh kiya gayaa. beos kii prabhavsheelta kaa pradarshan karane vaale koee bhee vaigyaanik sahakarmi-sameeksha adhyayan kabhi prakaashit naheen kiye gaye they, jisase iss tarah key mahatvapurna nirnay mein isaki vishvasaniyata key baare mein sawal uthaaye gaye they.
sarkaar aur senaa.
sanyukt raajya america kii senaa tantrika vigyaan anusandhaan kii sambhaavanaon mein teji seey ruchi lene luggy haye. mastishk imaging dushman ladaakon key beach una logon seey antar karane mein madad curr sakati haye joe koee jokhim paida naheen karate hain, yaa apane swayam key sainikon kii mansik sthirata nirdhaarit curr sakate hain. nutropic davaaon kaa upayog sainikon key dhyaan aur yaadon koo badhaane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase khatron kii behtar pehchaan aur behtar pradarshan kii anumati milati haye. haalaanki, isase sainikon aur bandiyon kii vyaktigat gopaniyata aur anupaalan aavashyaktaon key baare mein sawal uthhe hain joe pradarshan mein vriddhi key saath aaa sakati hain. haalaanki nagrik adalat pranali apramaanit takneekon kaa upayog karane key liye anichhuk haye, lekin senaa dwara bhavishya mein unakaa upayog dushman ladaakon kii sambhaavit nirdoshta yaa aparaadhbodh parr vivaad paida curr sakata haye.
tantrika vigyaan key kshetra mein naveen takniki navacharon aur jaankaari key aagaman key saath, senaa ney iss tarah key tantrika vigyaan anusandhaan key liye vishisht upayogon kaa anuman lagaana shuru curr diyaa haye. haalaanki, yeye drishtikon, joe maanav sangyanatmak kshamataon koo badal sakate hain aur saath hii kissy vyakti key apane vichaaron kii gopaniyata key adhikaar kaa ullanghan curr sakate hain, abhee bhee naveen aur vikas mein hain. vartamaan sandhi, jaise kii yuu.aine. manvadhikaron kii ghoshana aur rasayanik hathiyaron key sammelan, kewal kuchh rasayanik agents key upayog koo sambodhit karate hain aur sangyanatmak vigyaan anusandhaan mein haal kii pragati key tej gati vaale vikas koo niyantrit naheen curr rahey hain. iss aspashtata aur praudyogiki key durupyog kii sambhavana key kaaran, tantrika vigyaan anusandhaan key liye aavashyak niyamon aur naitikta koo sambodhit karane key liye yeh teji seey dabaav banaa haye.
senaa key liye ruchi kaa ack anya kshetra maanav vriddhi davaaon kaa upayog haye. sanyukt raajya raksha vibhaag kii ack panchbhuj shakha, darpa (raksha unnat anusandhaan pariyojana agency), mahatvapurna matra mein sainya anusandhaan aur praudyogiki key vikas key liye jimmedaar haye. 2013 mein mastishk pahal kii ghoshana key saath, darpa ney neuromodulation, propreoception aur neurotechnology jaise cumm shodh kiye gaye tantrika vigyaan vishayon seey judey kaee karyakramon key madhyam seey iss pahal kaa samarthan karna shuru kiya. darpa key ack vartamaan sanchaalan koo neend kii kamee koo rokane vaalaa karyakram kahaa jaataa haye, joe aanvik prakriyaon aur neend kii kamee seey judey mastishk mein parivartanon parr shodh kartaa haye, jiska antim uddeshya yoddhaon kii sangyanatmak kshamataon koo adhikatam karna haye, yahaan taka kii neend kii kamee key saath bhee. iss shodh key parinamswarup, neend kii kamee kii roktham davaaon jaise modafinil aur empakin cx717 kaa mahatva badh gayaa haye. haalaanki, kyonki yeye rasayanik davaayen shareer mein praakritik rasayanik pratikriyaon aur receptors koo seedhe prabhaavit karati hain, unake upayog kii naitikta key saath-saath suraksha parr bhee sawal hain.
saavdhaaniyaan aur chintaaen.
neurolau kii janmat saanskritik, raajneetik aur media seey sambandhit karakon seey prabhaavit hoti haye. sarvekshanon seey pataa chalata haye kii aam janata koo tantrika tantra kii achchi tarah seey samajh naheen haye. aisaa lagata haye kii anumodan iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii vishay koo kaise taiyar kiya gayaa haye, aur pakshapaat key aadhar parr bhee bhinn hoe sakata haye. lokpriya television show mein forensic prayogshalaon key mahimamandit chitran key kaaran, mastishk imaging koo "see. aiss. aaee. prabhaav" key liye aalochana kaa saamana karna padaa haye. yeh sambhav haye kii kuchh logon koo galat chitran key aadhar parr forensic vigyaan kii galat samajh hoe. isase unhein takniki sakshya yaa tantrika sambandhi pahalon key baare mein ack majboot raay mill sakati haye.
tantrika vigyaan abhee bhee poori tarah seey samajh mein naheen aaya haye. mastishk kii visheshta koo aaparaadhik vyavhaar yaa mudde seey aatmavishvaas seey jodane mein saksham honey key liye sanrachanaatmak aur karyatmak sambandhon key paryaapt pramaan naheen hain. yeh anishchitata adalat kaksh mein tantrika vaigyaanik sakshya key durupyog key liye jagah chhodati haye. kaanoon aur manovigyaan key americi professor stephen jey. morse ney adalat kakshon mein tantrika vigyaan key durupyog kaa varnan ack chhadm-bimari key saath kiya jise unhone "brain overclaim syndrome" kahaa. way logon kii cumm jimmedaari yaa unake karyon key liye koee jimmedaari naheen honey key vichaar parr tippani karate hain kyonki way kaary "mastishk" key kaaran hue they, aisee sthitiyon mein jahaan vigyaan aise kaaran daavon kaa samarthan naheen curr sakata thaa. vaha yeh sawal uthaata haye kii kyaa apraadhon key liye dimag koo doshi thaharaaya jaanaa chaahiye, yaa unake peechhe key logon koo.
tantrika tantra mein thhos nishkarshon kii kamee key kaaran kaanoon nirmaata aur nyayadhish satark hain. nyayalaya mein tantrika vigyaan anusandhaan koo viniyamit karane aur upayog karane key baare mein nirnay lene seey pahale, kaanoon nirmaataon aur nyayadhishon koo una nihitarthon parr vichaar karna chaahiye joe sujhaae gaye parivartanon key saath aaenge. neuroimaging aur aanuvanshik sakshya mein kanuni prakriyaon mein sahayak honey aur yeh sunishchit karane kii kshamata haye kii khatarnak aparaadhi salakhon key peechhe rahein, lekin isamen iss tarah seey durvyavahar kiye jaane kii bhee kshamata haye joe uddeshya seey yaa vigyaan key laparwahi seey upayog key kaaran ayogya pakshon koo kaid curr detaa haye.
halanki kuchh visheshagya mastishk imaging kii sambhaavanaon aur kamiyon koo pahachaante hain, anya abhee bhee iss kshetra koo poori tarah seey aswikar karate hain. bhavishya mein, nyayadhishon koo tantrika sambandhi sakshya kii prasangikta aur vaidhata parr nirnay lena chaahiye taaki yeh adalat mein pravesh curr sakey, aur juurii koo vaigyaanik avadhaaranaon koo samajhane key liye khula honah chaahiye, lekin tantrika vigyaan mein sabhi vishvaas rakhane key liye bahut adhik taiyar naheen honah chaahiye.

