temouth ghante

temouth overs (yates thompson ms 13) lagbhag 1325-35 mein ingland mein utpaadit ghanton kii ack prakaashit pustak haye. iska naam temouth mahal key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye jahan ise satrahavin yaa athaarahavin shatabdi mein bradlebane key ack earl dwara praapt kiye jaane key baad rakhaa gayaa thaa. pandulipi kaa shelf maark isake pichhale malik heinry yates thompson seey utpann hotaa haye, jinake paas prakaashit madhyayugeen pandulipiyon kaa ack vyaapak sangrah thaa jise unhone british pustakalaya koo maranoparant betch diyaa yaa daan curr diyaa. temouth ghante abb british pustakalaya vibhaag dwara yuts thompson sangrah mein pandulipiyon key liye aayojit kiye jaate hain.
adhikansh prishthon mein ack "bases-dee-pays" chitran hotaa haye, jisake saath aksar anglo-norman french yaa lattin mein ack sheershak hotaa haye. kuchh key dwibhashi sheershak hain jinamen madhya angreji shamil haye. madhyayugeen ingland mein iss avadhi key dauran, anglo-norman bhasha sabse adhik samriddh aur shaahi parivaaron dwara bolly jaane vaali bhasha rahee hogi. inn chitron mein pavitra aur dharmnirpeksh donon drishya shamil hain. hampton key bevis kii kahaaniyon kii chitra-kathaaen (aff. aff.). 8v-12) aur vaarvik kaa aadami (ff. 12v-17) paath kii shuruat mein dikhaai detaa haye, jabaki kunwari key ghanton key mait key neeche (ff. 60v-67v) pandrah drishya hain joe ack jangli aadami dwara kaid kii gaee ack ladki kii kahani koo darshaate hain.
itihas.
sambhaavit sanrakshak/ichchit malik.
pustak key sanrakshak aur mool ichchit malik kii pehchaan karane key kaee prayaas kiye gaye hain. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii sanrakshak aur niyati france kii isabella thee, edward II kii patni, yaa yeh pustak unaki ack betty, tower key johnn key liye banaai gaee hogi. anya vidvaanon ney anuman lagaaya haye kii isabella aur edward II key bete edward III kii patni, hannault kii philippa mool ichchit malik thee. ack mukutdhari mahila key chitra pustak key chaar alag-alag prishthon parr chitrit kiye gaye hain (aff. aff.). 7 aar, 18 aar, 118 vee, aur 139 aar), shaahi sanrakshak aur/yaa praaptakarta key praarambhik sanket key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. chitron kii gunavatta aur soney key patte jaisi prabhaavshaali samagri bhee ack kuleen sanrakshan kii or ishara karati haye. temouth overs 1240 aur 1350 key beach shaahi sanrakshan key saath banaai gaee dou angreji ghanton kii pustakon mein seey ack haye; iss prakaar yeh samriddh, dharmnirpeksh vyaktiyon key swaamitva vaali anya ghanton kii pustakon kii tulanaa mein uchch star kii shilp kaushal kaa udaaharan haye. sanrakshan aur ichchit swaamitva key sawal kaa sabse ulajhan bharaa hissa dou chitron kaa samavesh haye joe prarthana mein ghutane tekati mahilaaon koo chitrit karate hain, pratyek purush saathi key saathah purushon mein seey ack nange sir haye jabaki doosara mukut pahanata haye.
france kii isabella.
pichhali vidvata ney paaramparik roop seey parikalpana kii haye kii france kii isabella, kuchh hudd taka, vibhinn anya prakaashit pandulipiyon key swaamitva aur sanrakshan key liye saboot yaa tarkon key kaaran sanrakshak thee. pustak kii prastaavit tarikh ingland kii raani key roop mein isabella key shasankal key bheetar aatee haye.
hannault kaa philipa.
catherine smith ney yeh mamla banaaya kii edward III kii patni, hannault kii philippa, isake bajaay temouth overs kii sanrakshak thee. unakaa tark haye kii philippa ney kabhi see pustak banaai thee. 1331 apane liye naheen, balki apani saali, lakadi key bartan kii eleanor key liye ack "nishchit upahaar" key roop mein. 1331 mein, jaba vaha abhee bhee angreji darbar mein reh rhaa thaa, taba eleanor kaa vivaah-bandhan gelders key reginald II seey huaa thaa. smith kii parikalpana, aanshik roop seey, reginald key saath apani shaadi seey pahale eleanor key saath philipa key sambandh key unake vishleshan seey praapt hoti haye. 1328 seey philipa eleanor kaa sanrakshak thaa. 1330 mein usake bhaai edward III dwara nichale deshon key saath apane raajneetik sambandhon koo aage badhaane key prayaas mein eleanor kaa vivaah aur vivaah kii vyavastha kii gaee thee; sangh koo philipa kii maan, villium III kii patni, jeane dee valois, joe hannault kii ginati haye, dwara bhee sahaayata dee gaee hogi. eleanor aur reginald 1332 key maee mein shaadi curr chuke they. smith ney pandulipi mein "chitron" key vishleshan parr apani parikalpana bhee banaai, vishesh roop seey ack pardarshi ghoonghat pahane hue mukut aur nukili mahila aur pavitra aatma (foll) key mattins mein chitrit mukut rahit purush. 18 aar), joe aankade, smith parikalpana, lakadi key bhandar key eleanor aur gilders key reginald II kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye they; aur mukut, hilati hui mahila aur mukut pahane hue purush koo cross key mattins (foll) parr 'bases-dee-pays' mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa. 118v); smith kaa sujhaav haye kii yeye aankade hannault aur edward III key philipa kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye they.
smith key mukhya paathya sroton mein seey ack octuber 1331 seey ghar kii philipa kii almari pustak mein ack pravishti haye, joe oxford key kalakar richard koo bhugtan darj karati haye. pravishti mein dou ghante kii kitaabon key liye philipa key bhugtan kaa ullekh haye. smith kaa prastaav haye kii temouth ghante inn pustakon mein seey ack hoe sakate hain, aur yeh tarikh kii pravishti iss siddhant kaa samarthan karati haye kii philippa ney eleanor key liye "sagaai key upahaar" key roop mein temouth ghante kaa gathan kiya thaa. jabaki smith kaa tark haye kii pandulipi eleanor key liye thee, vaha kahati haye kii yeh "agyaat" haye kii kyaa eleanor ney vaastav mein ise apane kabje mein liya thaa.
uddeshya.
ghanton kii pustaken isai bhakti sangrah theen, jinamen aamtaur parr bhajan, prarthana aur chitra hotey they. way roop aur kaary mein salter seey milate-julate they, lekin sanghanit aur vyaktigat they. inn pustakon kaa uddeshya niji maalikon koo prarthana samagri pradaan karna thaa, jise dinn, maheene, mausam aur dhaarmik varsh key kuchh samay key dauran padhaa aur padhaa jaa sakata thaa. ghanton kii pustakon key kaee sanrakshak samaaj mein dharmnirpeksh padon parr rahey, aur isaliye ghar parr apane vishvaas kaa abhyaas karane key liye vyaktigat prarthana pustakon kii aavashyakta thee. jaisa kii temouth ghanton key mamle mein hotaa haye, ghanton kii kitaabon koo sanrakshak kii saundarya ichchhaon key anuroop banaaya gayaa thaa. ghanton kii angreji pustakon koo 'primer' shabd dwara bhee sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye, joe ghanton kii pustakon key liye madhya angreji shabd seey liya gayaa haye. yeh doosara naam ingland mein bunny ghanton kii pustakon key liye vishesh haye, aur ghanton kii pustakon, saral, cumm alankrit prarthana sangrhon aur bachchon key dhaarmik saahitya key udaharanon mein iska udaaharan diyaa gayaa haye.
samay avadhi kii kaee anya pustakon kii vishishtata, temouth ghanton mein ack calender, raashi chakr key chitra, lattin karyalaya, praayashchit bhajan, kramik bhajan, santon kii upasana aur mritakon kaa karyalaya hotaa haye.
chitra.
pustak key prishth "bases-dee-pays" chitron kaa udaaharan dete hain, jiska arth haye kii drishya kaary prishth key neeche aur paath key ack khand key neeche sthit haye. pustak key nichale hisse mein 384 chitran drishyon koo dikhaaya gayaa haye. catherine smith pandulipi key upayog kii pehchaan samkaaleen francisi prakaashit pandulipiyon seey praapt ack design tatva key roop mein seemant chitron seey baney frame border key roop mein karati haye. yeh sachitra seema poori tarah seey paath koo gherati haye. vibhinn bhakti granthon kii shuruat koo laghu chitron key saath pradarshan prishthon dwara paathak key saamane prastut kiya jaataa haye. 
anglo-norman mein likhe gaye dhaarmik prarthana paath key saath seemant drishya temouth ghanton mein dharmnirpeksh chitron key mukhya bhaag koo banaate hain. hampton kii bevis kii kahani, ack angreji padya romans kahani key naayak, koo folio prishth 8v seey 12 parr drishtigat roop seey sthanantarit kiya gayaa haye. mool roop seey french mein terahavin shatabdi kii shuruat mein rachit, hampton kii bevis kii kahani ingland key romans kii ack lokpriya baat thee joe samay kii kasauti parr kharee utari haye aur yeh ekmatra angreji padya romans haye jise kabhi bhee phir seey naheen khoja gayaa thaa. folio pays 12v seey 17 parr dekhe gaye ingland key romans charitra kaa ack aur mamla haye vaarvik kaa aadami, ack vyakti joe hampton key bevis jaisi samaan saahityik bhoomika nibhaata haye. donon dharmnirpeksh kavitaaen temouth ghanton key nirmaan key prastaavit samay mein behad lokpriya theen, aur 16 veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka anya pandulipiyon mein dikhaai dee hain. catherine smith ney pandulipi mein ingland key paatron key inn lokpriya mamle koo shamil karane kii or ishara kiya, kyonki pustak key mool ichchit praaptakarta key roop mein eleanor off woodstock key vichaar koo soot karate hue, kyonki vaarvik aur hampton key bevis key vyakti apane charitra varnan mein "sarvotkrisht roop seey angreji" they aur eleanor key liye "ghar key santvana anusmaarak" key roop mein kaam curr sakate they, aggar unhein kabhi pandulipi praapt hoti aur aggar vaha ise apane saath god lene vaali bhoomi parr leey jaati.

