
horatio storer

horatio robbinson storer (27 farwari, 1830-18 sitambar, 1922) ack americi chikitsak, mudra vigyaani aur garbhpaat virodhi karyakarta they.
praarambhik jeevan aur chikitsa carrier.
storer kaa janm boston, massachusets mein huaa thaa aur unhone boston lattin school, harvard college aur harvard medical school mein padhaai kii thee. aim praapt karane key baad.dee. 1853 mein, unhone europe kii yatra kii aur edinberg mein james young simpson key saath adhyayan karane mein ack varsh bitaaya.
1855 mein, storer ney prasooti aur stree roga parr jore dene key saath boston mein chikitsa abhyaas shuru kiya. 1865 mein, storer ney apane nibandh key liye ack americi chikitsa sangh (aeye. aim. aeye.) puraskar jeetaa, jiska uddeshya mahilaaon koo prerit garbhpaat kii naitik aur shaaririk samasyaon key baare mein soochit karna thaa. kyon naheen?" key roop mein prakaashit kiya gayaa. pratyek mahila key liye ack pustak, "yeh vyaapak roop seey bechi gaee thee, aur kaee chikitsakon ney ise una rogiyon koo vitarit kiya jinhone garbhpaat kaa anurodh kiya thaa. 1869 mein, storer ney stree roga vigyaan society off boston kii sthaapana kii, joe vishesh roop seey stree roga vigyaan key liye samarpit pahala chikitsa samaaj thaa, aur unhone pahali stree roga vigyaan shaikshanik patrika, "journal off dha gynaecological society off boston" prakaashit kii. 1872 mein abhyaas seey apani sevaanivritti key baad, vaha ack adhikaari bunn gaye aur chikitsa ruchi key padak key ack ullekhaniya sangraahak bunn gaye. 1869 mein, storer, joe ack ektaavaadi parivaar mein paley-badhe they, ack episcopalian bunn gaye. ack dashak baad, vaha ack roman catholic bunn gayaa.
garbhpaat virodhi sakriyata aur vichaar.
1857 mein, storer ney shuru kiya jise aine. pee. aar. garbhpaat key khilaf "chikitsakon kaa dharmayuddh" kahata haye. 1860 mein, yuu. aiss. mein pratyek raajya key rajyapal.aiss. haal hii mein sthaapit amaa seey patra praapt huaa. storer bhoot ney ack patra likhaa, maanaa jaataa haye kii amaa key adhyaksh seey, jisamen unhone kahaa kii amaa ney garbhpaat kaa virodh kiya. storer ney naitikta kii bhasha kaa upayog karate hue likhaah "iss aparaadh kii burai iss tathya seey spasht haye kii iss desh mein isake udaharanon koo abb saikadon hajaaron mein ginaa jaanaa haye. vaastav mein, anaitikta key beach thodaa antar haye jisake dwara ack aadami veshyavritti key ghar mein kabhi-kabhaar jaane key liye apane ghar koo chhod detaa haye taaki vaha apani patni koo garbhavastha key avsar seey bachaa sakey, aur anaitikta jisake dwara vaha patni apane garbh key jeevit phal koo nasht karane key liye jaanboojhkar khud koo laati haye. bachcha garbhadhaaran key kshan seey jeevit haye."yeh patra usa baat key liye mahatvapurna thaa jise itihaaskaar" garbhpaat key khilaf chikitsakon kaa dharmayuddh "kahate hain, aur storer kuchh pramukh tark dey rhaa thaa kii garbhpaat desh bhar mein avaidh kyon honah chaahiye. unhone ack nayaa vichaar pesh kiya kii jeevan kii shuruat garbhadhaaran key samay hui thee. taba taka, loga aam taur parr iss baat parr sahmat they kii jeevan taba shuru huaa jaba ack mahila vaastav mein apane ander jeevan koo teji seey sthanantarit mahsoos curr sakati thee. storer ney ack naitik tark parr abhiyaan chalaaya joe usa kshan key nasleeya darr mein bhee prayukt huaa joe antatah "nasleeya sudhaar aur jansankhya key niyojit prajanan key ack chhadm vaigyaanik kshetra koo prerit karega."
nasleeya aashankaaen kuchh aabaadi koo cumm karane key liye jabaran nasbandi karyakramon koo prerit karengi, lekin storer kaa garbhpaat virodhi abhiyaan protestant shwet mahilaaon parr dhyaan kendrit karke anya aabaadi koo badhaane kii koshish curr rhaa thaa. kuleen protestant shwet mahilaaen aksar garbhpaat kii maang karati theen. 19veen shatabdi key dauran protestant shwet mahilaaon key liye janm darr mein girawat aaa rahee thee aur isaliye unhein iss baat kaa darr thaa kii jise aam taur parr "races suicide" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa, anglo-saxon sanyukt raajya mein nae pravasiyon kii vriddhi key saath khud koo paryaapt teji seey bhar rhaa thaa. aam kathaa yeh bunn gaee kii sanyukt raajya america key "kaale honey aur bhoore honey" key kaaran "safed mahilaaon koo apani cummer kaa upayog karna". unaki chinta yeh thee kii kaale daason koo mukt karane aur cheeni apravasiyon key aagaman kaa arth desh kii shwet jaati kii mrityu hogi, jiska arth way anglo-saxon logon koo samajhate they. storer kii soch thee kii garbhpaat koo aaparaadhik banaane seey sanyukt raajya mein paida honey vaale logon key taraju koo phir seey santulit karane mein madad milegi. unhone garbhpaat aur mahilaaon parr apane vichaar spasht karane key liye lekh, kitaaben, report, bhaashan likhe. ack vyakhyan mein, "mahilaaon mein pagalpan kii utpatti", storer ney una mahilaaon key liye andashay vichhedan kii vakaalat kii joe "aadat seey teekhi, apavitra yaa ashleel, nirash yaa aatm-bhog, chatur yaa motee hoe gaee hain."unakaa yeh bhee maanana thaa kii aggar amaa garbhpaat key bajar koo niyantrit curr sakata haye, tou yeh vishvavidyalaya-shikshit jyaadaatar purush chikitsakon key badhate cadder key liye aakarshak hoga, joe prasooti aur stree roga vigyaan jaise kshetron mein visheshagyata praapt karane lagey they. unhone daaiyon key khilaf dridhata seey abhiyaan chalaaya aur unhein aswachh, ashuddh, anaitik aur swayam maataon kii tarah anjaan bataaya.
1865 mein amaa key liye ack nibandh mein, storer ney likhaa kii "[safed mahilaaon kii] cummer parr rashtra kaa bhavishya nirbhar kartaa haye."sanyukt raajya america mein shwet jaati koo pramukh rakhane mein madad karane aur amaa koo vaidhata dene key liye, storer ney ise aaparaadhik garbhpaat parr samiti banaane aur avaanchhaniya vyaktiyon key nasbandi koo badhaava dene key liye raaji kiya. 1859 mein, samiti kii report koo louisville, kentucky mein amaa baithak mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa. amaa dwara sweekaar kiya gayaa, isamen yeh ansh shamil thaah "yadi hamane twarit honey seey pahale yaa honey seey pahale bhroon jeevan key astitva koo saabit curr diyaa haye, aur sabhi saadrishya aur preran kii ack karibi aur nirnaayak prakriya seey, isaki shuruat bahut shuruat mein, garbhadhaaran key samay, humm hamesha anyaaypurna garbhpaat koo aparaadh maanane key liye majboor hain. aur abb shabd whiffle hoe jaate hain. maan kii, sahamati seey yaa apane swayam key haath seey, apane shishu key khoon seey aatmasaat; samaan roop seey doshi pitaa kaa, joe aparaadh kii salah detaa haye yaa anumati detaa haye; dushton kaa, joe apane thoke dwara door key naayak [mahaan, aur] bojh aur khargosh kii hatyaa kartaa haye; saarvajanik bhavna joe sabhi kaanoon, maanav aur divya, sabhi sahaj pravritti kaa, sabhi karanon kaa, sabhi dayaa, sabhi dayaa, sabhi prem kaa, itna samanya, ullanghan karati haye, kshama karati haye, aur isaki prashansa bhee karati haye, humm una logon koo bolane key liye chhod dete hain joe boll sakate hain."1820 key dashak seey pahale, adhikansh americi raajyon aur pahale key upaniveshon ney angreji samanya kaanoon key anusaar garbhpaat koo niyantrit kiya thaa, joe kaafee hudd taka garbhavastha yaa garbhpaat mein raajya key hita koo jaldi honey taka maanyata naheen detaa thaa. yeh kabhi-kabhi garbhavastha key 25vein saptah key anta mein huaa, jise nirdhaarit karane key liye kewal garbhavati mahila koo chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. samanya kaanoon kaa upayog kaafee hudd taka mahila key hiton kii raksha key liye kiya jaataa thaa, naa kii bhroon key. 
storer kaa maanana thaa kii "garbhpaat khatare mein daal rahey they jise unhone aadarsh america key roop mein dekhaah shwet protestant kaa ack samaaj jisamen mahilaaen apane uchit 'kartavyon'-vivaah aur prasav kaa sakhti seey paalan karati theen."unhein darr thaa kii haal key apravasiyon kii janm darr, joe mukhya roop seey catholic they, nyu ingland mein safed protestant key varchasva koo abhibhoot curr degi, jisake liye unhone aanshik roop seey vivaahit protestant mahilaaon koo paryaapt bachche paida naheen karane key liye doshi thaharaaya. unhone prajanan kshamata parr dhyaan kendrit kiye binaa vivaah koo "vaidh veshyavritti seey cumm kuchh naheen" key roop mein varnit kiya. garbhpaat key aaparaadhik nishedh koo samhitaabaddh karane key liye storer key abhiyaan ney khatarnak aankadon kaa ack cascade niyojit kiya, joe unhone 'daavaa' kiya thaa, garbhpaat kii mahamari aur mool roop seey paida hui prajanan kshamata parr iska prabhaav dikhaaya."unake saankhyikiya tarikon koo" "kharaab detta key saath" "aur" "galat dhaaranaon key saath bharaa huaa" "bataaya gayaa haye. bhandarkarta key prayason key parinamswarup, amaa ney raajyon aur kshetron kii vidhaansabhaaon koo vaikalpik garbhpaat key khilaf apane kaanoonon koo majboot karane key liye yachika daayar kii. 1880 taka, adhikansh raajyon aur kshetron ney iss tarah key kaanoon banaae they. halanki garbhpaat jaari rhaa, kuchh mahilaaon koo nae kaanoonon dwara manaa kiya gayaa aur chikitsakon dwara raaji kiya gayaa.

