
klal center

klal center (, "markaz klal"), jise klal building (, "binyan klal") key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, jerusalam mein jaffa road parr ack 15 manjila karyalaya tower aur indor shopping maull haye. 1972 mein puuraa huaa, yeh jerusalam mein pahala uchch stariya, indor shopping maull thaa. jaaf sadak koo punarjeevit karane kii yojana key hisse key roop mein nirmit, yeh 1990 key dashak mein kaee kiraayedaron koo nae upnagaron mein maull aur karyalaya bhavanon mein sthanantarit karane taka uchch adhibhog kii ack sankshipt avadhi kaa anand letaa thaa. ise vyaapak roop seey ack vaanijyik aur vaastushilp viphalata key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye.
sthaan.
klal kendra jerusalam, israel mein, jaffa road aur kiaa street key dakshin-purvi koney mein sthit haye, joe mahaane yehuda bajar key poorv mein ack block haye. iska uttari mukh jaffa sadak aur davidca chauk kaa saamana kartaa haye aur iska dakshini mukh agripus sadak kaa saamana kartaa haye. iss imarat mein jaffa road, kiaa street aur agrippas street parr kaee pravesh dwaar hain, saath hii ack bhoomigat parking garrage haye joe kiaa street seey sulabh haye.
itihas.
gathbandhan vyaavsaayik vidyalaya parisar.
jiss bhoomi parr klal center khadaa haye, vaha pahale gathbandhan vyaavsaayik school (cole yisrael havrim school) key parisar kaa hissa thaa, joe jerusalam mein pahala yahudi vyaapaar school thaa. jyaadaatar sephardic yahudi chhatron koo namankit karate hue, school ney silai, jootaa banaana, badhaigiri, lohar, yantriki, utkirnan, murtikala (patthar, lakadi aur khol kii), tambu, bunai, rangai, patthar kaatane aur chinai key pathyakramon kii peshkash kii. 1882 mein peris key gathbandhan israel universal dwara sthaapit, school bhoomi parr kabja curr chuka thaa aur isamen ack mukhya imarat shamil thee joe lambi karyashala imaraton aur bhoodrishya udyaanon seey ghiri hui thee. klal center key liye raasta banaane key liye 1970 mein adhikansh school kii imaraton aur bageechon koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
1976 mein dhwast school kaa ack smaarak klal center key kinare parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, joe jaffa road kaa saamana curr rhaa thaa. smaarak mein ack sajawati lohe kaa dwaar haye joe french mein school key naam key saath utkeern haye. dwaar dou patthar key stambhon key beach sthaapit haye; yeh apane mool sthaan parr khadaa naheen haye.
paschim mein mahaane yehuda bajar parking sthal mein ack bhitti chitra key roop mein nasht school kaa ack aur smaarak dikhaai detaa haye. iss bhitti chitra mein mukhya imarat aur bageeche key chitra aur shikshakon aur chhatron key chitron koo darshaaya gayaa haye.
pariyojana key lakshya.
klal center kii kalpana paschim mein mahaane yehuda bajar aur poorv mein shahar key kendra aur bayne yehuda sadak key beach vaanijyik gatividhi aur paidal chalane vaalon kii upasthiti badhaane key saadhan key roop mein kii gaee thee. jerusalam key vastukala itihaaskaar david croyanker key anusaar, klal center "jerusalam mein ack shandar chhat vaalaa kharidari kendra banaane kaa pahala prayaas thaa. yeh ack atirikt wing vaali pahali pariyojana bhee thee. shahar ney yojnakaron koo iss ummeed mein "asadharan nirmaan adhikaar" pradaan kiye kii pariyojana seey jaffa road parr vyaapaar aur vaanijyik gatividhi koo badhaava milega.
design.
1972 mein puuraa kiya gayaa klal center, israel vastukala mein 1970 key dashak kii pravritti koo darshaata haye joe chhote paimaane kii imaraton seey una pariyojanaon kii or badh gayaa jisamen "ack chhat key neeche sub kuchh" thaa. 15 manjila tower block koo israeli vastukar danne eaton dwara design kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone israel mein kaee badey paimaane parr saarvajanik imaraton aur karyalaya towers kii yojana banaai thee, vishesh roop seey tail avive mein. 
klal building mein kharidari kaa star asadharan roop seey badaa haye, jisamen dukaanon aur cinema key liye jagah haye. bhandar ack badey, kendriya alind kii paridhi key aspas sthit hain. mool roop seey alind khuli havaa mein thaa, lekin mausam kii kshati ney yojnakaron koo ardh-pardarshi chhat sthaapit karane key liye majboor kiya. lift key kaee kinare oopari manjil key karyalayon taka pahunchate hain.
imarat kaa baahari hissa "seedhi rekhaaon, anukramik khidakiyon aur ack chikani, safed patthar key saath aadhunik vastukala koo darshaata haye. imarat kii oonchaai key kaaran, klal center jaldi hii aatmahatya karane vaalon key liye ack lokpriya sthaan bunn gayaa, joe oopari-manjila khidakiyon seey kood gaye. baad mein imarat key baahar bachaav jaal lagaae gaye.
klal center key nirmaan key baad, jerusalam mein ack lokpriya kinvadanti saamane aaee kii dou apraadhiyon ney ack teesare kii hatyaa curr dee thee aur usey klal center kii thhos neenv mein dafna diyaa thaa. yeh afwah pariyojana kii viphalata mein ruchi rakhane vaale pakshon dwara shuru kii gaee hogi.
upayog karein.
1980 key dashak key madhya taka sarkari karyalayon, vyavsaayon aur niji companiyon seey klal kendra mein uchch adhibhog darr kaa anand liya gayaa. malha maull aur sarkari suvidhaon key nirmaan ney 1990 key dashak mein kaee niji aur sarkari farmon key palayan koo tej curr diyaa, jisase karyalaya tower kii poori manjil khaali hoe gaee. vaanijyik star parr bhee grahakon kii kamee key kaaran dukaanen bund honey lageen; 2010 taka, kaee dukaanon kaa upayog mahaane yehuda bajar key vyapariyon dwara bhandar kaksh key roop mein kiya jaa rhaa thaa.
2011-2012 kii sardiyon mein, 25 beghar parivaar joe swatantrata udyaan mein tambu shiviron mein reh rahey they aur kiryaat yowell pados koo klal center mein khaali karyalayon mein rakhaa gayaa thaa.
vartamaan kiraayedaron mein nimnalikhit sarkari karyalaya shamil hainh israel pulis durghatana prabhaag-jerusalam jilaa, parivahan aur sadak suraksha mantralaya, nyaay nigam pradhikaran mantralaya, aur sangrah aur pravartan agency. anya pramukh kirayedar jerusalam light rail graahak seva kendra aur baink hapolim aur israel chhoot baink kii shaakhaaen hain. raajaon key raajaa, ack gair-sampradayik masihi isai mandali, ney 2004 mein klal kendra kii 14 veen manjil parr ack "jerusalam prarthana tower" khola, joe shahar key manoram drishyon koo prastut kartaa haye. raajaon key raajaa jerusalam hebru aur angreji masihi church apani church sevaaon key liye klal center mein milate hain.
2011-2012 mein, jaffa sadak koo kewal paidal chalane vaale kshetra mein badalane key hisse key roop mein, klal center aur jaffa sadak key beach ack chhote seey parking kshetra koo ack saarvajanik chauk mein punarvikasit kiya gayaa thaa. 40 laakh shekel seey adhik kii laagat vaali iss pariyojana mein ack grenite footpath, saarvajanik baithane kii jagah, pedh aur sajawati prakaash vyavastha shamil kii gaee.
aalochana.
lagbhag apani sthaapana key baad seey, klal center aalochana kaa lakshya thaa. kuchh alochakon ney pariyojana key nirmaan key liye aitihaasik gathbandhan vyaavsaayik vidyalaya koo dhwast karane key nirnay kii ninda kii. anya logon ney bataaya kii imarat kii shally aur oonchaai aspas key pados mein vishisht cumm-vriddhi vaali jerusalam vastukala key saath asangat thee.
kroyankar ney nott kiya kii imarat achchi tarah seey purani naheen haye; kuchh patthar kii tiles gir gaee hain aur baaki mausam-peeta aur gandi dikhaai detee hain. ander, kharidari key star parr, seedhiyon kii "bhulbhulaiya" joe staron koo jodati hain, unhein navigate karna mushkil haye, aur "grenite kii chaudi satahen ack bahut hii shokpurn prabhaav paida karati hain. kharaab roshni aur parking kii pahunch koo bhee samasyagrast bataaya gayaa haye. eaton, vastukar ney spasht roop seey 1992 kii ack israeli pradarshani mein klal center koo jodaa jiska sheershak thaa "kharaab naukariyan".
jaffa road parr vaanijyik aur vyaavsaayik gatividhi badhaane kaa lakshya kabhi sakar naheen huaa. sadak parr paidal chalane vaalon kii upasthiti laane key kaee prayaas kiye gaye, jaise kii buggle mein aavaasiya meenar kaa nirmaan, lekin aaj taka kuchh bhee safal naheen huaa haye aur pariyojana koo vaanijyik viphalata maanaa gayaa haye.
kroyankar kaa kahana haye kii klal center naa kewal jaffa road koo punarjeevit karane mein whiffle rhaa, balki isane vaastav mein apane apakshay koo tej curr diyaa. vishesh roop seey, vaha lunger dukaanon kii kamee, chhote vyavsaayon kii nirantarta kii kamee aur pariyojana koo "ack vishisht jerusalam vaanijyik viphalata" banaane key liye dopahar mein klal center mein dukaanon aur bainkon mein gatividhi key bund honey kii or ishara kartaa haye.
ghatanaaen.
11 juuna, 2003 koo, ack aatmghaati hamlawar ney haredi yahudi key roop mein kapade pahane hue klal center key saamane poorv kii or jaane vaali ack buss parr ack visfotak paik mein visfot curr diyaa. hamale mein 16 loga maare gaye aur 100 seey adhik ghayal hoe gaye.
julaai 2013 mein, ack vyakti ney klal center mein ack kaanoon karyalaya mein pravesh kiya aur ack pitaa aur betty kii goli markar hatyaa curr dee, joe ack spasht vyaavsaayik vivaad parr ack kanuni dall key roop mein kaam karate they.