
sanyukt rashtra manvadhikar samiti

sanyukt rashtra manvadhikar samiti 18 visheshagyon seey bunny ack sandhi nikaay haye, jise 1966 kii manvadhikar sandhi, nagrik aur raajneetik adhikaaron parr antarrashtriya vaacha (aaee. see. see. pee. aar.) dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa haye. samiti prati varsh teen chaar saptah key satron key liye milati haye taaki 173 raajyon key pakshon dwara sandhi key anupaalan parr aaee. see. see. pee. aar. koo prastut aavadhik reports parr vichaar kiya jaa sakey, aur aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key pahale vaikalpik protocol key liye 116 raajyon key pakshon seey sambandhit kissy bhee vyaktigat yachika parr vichaar kiya jaa sakey. yeh samiti duss manvadhikar sandhi nikaayon mein seey ack haye, joe pratyek ack vishesh sandhi key karyanvayan kii dekhrekh key liye jimmedaar haye.
sanyukt rashtra manvadhikar samiti koo adhik uchch-profile sanyukt rashtra manvadhikar parishad (aich. aar. see.), yaa maanav adhikaaron parr sanyukt rashtra aayog key poorvavarti key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye. jabaki manvadhikar parishad (juuna 2006 seey) aur manvadhikar aayog (usa tarikh seey pahale) "gair-raajneetik nikaay" hainh raajyon seey banaa, ack aam sabhaa key prastaav aur sanyukt rashtra charter dwara sthaapit, aur manvadhikar chintaon kii poori shrinkhala parr charcha kartaa haye; manvadhikar samiti ack "gair-visheshagya nikaay" haih vyaktiyon seey banaa haye, joe aaee. see. see. pee. aar. dwara sthaapit haye, aur kewal usa sandhi seey sambandhit mamalon parr charcha kartaa haye. usa bhram seey bachane key liye manvadhikar samiti koo aksar see. see. pee. aar. (nagrik aur raajneetik adhikaaron parr samiti) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
sadasya.
aaee. see. see. pee. aar. manvadhikar samiti kii sadasyata key liye buniyaadi niyamon koo bataata haye. aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key anuchhed 28 mein kahaa gayaa haye kii samiti raajyon key dalon seey aaee. see. see. pee. aar. taka 18 sadasyon seey bunny haye, joe uchch naitik charitra key vyakti honge aur manvadhikaron key kshetra mein maanyata praapt kshamata key saath, kanuni anubhav rakhane vaale kuchh vyaktiyon kii bhagidari kii upayogita parr vichaar karate hue."anuchhed 28 key anusaar, sadasya apane deshon key pratinidhiyon key roop mein seva karane key bajaay apani vyaktigat kshamata mein seva karate hain. jaisa kii aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key anuchhed 29 aur 30 mein kahaa gayaa haye, way yuu. aine. mukhyalaya mein aayojit aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key liye raajya dalon kii baithak dwara chune jaate hain. anuchhed 32 key aadhar parr, way chaar saal key karyakal kii seva karate hain, jisamen unaki aadhi sankhya harr dusare varsh chuni jaati haye.
vartamaan sadasyata iss prakaar haih
haal key chunaav.
17 juuna, 2022 koo aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key raajya dalon ney newyork mein baithak kii aur samiti key nau sadasyon koo chunaa, una logon koo badalane key liye jinaki karyakal 2022 key anta mein samaapt hoe jaayegi. nau padon key liye satrah ummidwar they, jinamen seey ack kaa namankan dair seey huaa thaa. joe chune gaye way ms they. yavon donders (neatherlands), ms. helen tigrousa * (france), shree. acker valindiye (senegal), ms. tijana shrulan (serbia), shree. koji teraaya (japan), shree. fareed ahamdaav (azerbaijan), shree. laurence aar. helfer (sanyukt raajya), shree. rodrigo aeye. carazzo (costa rica), aur shree. hernan kwezada cabrera * (chilly). tarankan una baithe sadasyon koo darshaate hain joe phir seey chune gaye they. 
17 sitambar, 2020 koo (15 juuna, 2020 seey sthagit), aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key raajya dalon ney baithak kii aur samiti key nau sadasyon koo chunaa, una logon koo badalane key liye jinaki karyakal 2020 key anta mein samaapt hoe jaayegi. nau padon key liye chaudah ummidwar they, dou kii ginati naheen kii gaee thee, jinhen chunaav seey kuchh samay pahale vaapas leey liya gayaa thaa, lekin ack kii ginati kii gaee jiska namankan dair seey huaa thaa (aur joe nirvaachit huaa thaa). joe chune gaye way shree they. carlos gomez martinez (spen), shree. changrok sou (koria ganarajya), shree. imeru tamerat yigezu (ethiopia), shree. mahjab all haiba (morakko), shree. jose manual santos pais * (portugal), ms. tania maria abdo rokol * (paraguay), ms. wafa ashraf moharram basim (misra), ms. kobauyah chamdaja kapacha (togo), aur ms. marcia vee.jey. cran * (kanada). tarankan una baithe sadasyon koo darshaate hain joe phir seey chune gaye they. shree. david aich. moor (sanyukt raajya america) ney 31 disambar, 2020 koo samaapt honey vaale karyakal koo puuraa karane key liye ack sadasya kaa chunaav karane key liye usee tarikh koo aayojit ack atirikt, ladey gaye "upchunaav" mein jeet hassil kii, ilz brand kehris (latvia), jinhone manvadhikaron key liye sahayak mahasachiv key roop mein unaki niyukti parr 31 disambar, 2019 koo prabhaavi roop seey istifa dey diyaa thaa. 
28 agast, 2018 koo shree. andreas bee. zimmerman (germany) ney 31 disambar, 2020 koo samaapt honey vaale ms key karyakal koo puuraa karane key liye ack nirvirodh upchunaav jeetaa. anjaa seabert-fohr (germany), jinhone 1 march, 2018 seey prabhaavi roop seey istifa dey diyaa thaa.
14 juuna, 2018 koo aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key raajya dalon ney baithak kii aur samiti key nau sadasyon koo chunaa, una logon koo badalane key liye jinaki karyakal 2018 key anta mein samaapt hoe jaayegi. nau padon key liye solah ummidwar they, dou kii ginati naheen kii gaee thee jinhen chunaav seey kuchh samay pahale vaapas leey liya gayaa thaa aur ack jiska namankan dair seey huaa thaa. joe chune gaye way shree they. yaad bayne achaur * (tunisia), shree. christopher bulkan (gayana), ms. photini pazartzis * (grees), ms. helen tigrousa (france), shree. hernan kwezada cabrera (chilly), shree. gentian ziberi (albania), ms. vasilka sancin (slovenia), shree. shuichi furuya (japan), aur shree. dunken muhumuja lockie * (uganda). tarankan una baithe sadasyon koo darshaate hain joe phir seey chune gaye they. sanyukt raajya america kii piyare-richard samriddhi nirvaachit naheen hui thee, kathit taur parr "sanyukt rashtra manvadhikar samiti key liye ack americi ummidwar kii pahali haar."
baithaken aur gatividhiyaan.
samiti chaar saptah key satron key liye varsh mein teen baar milati haye (newyork mein yuu. aine. mukhyalaya mein vasant satra, jineva mein yuu. aine. karyalaya mein grishmakaaleen aur sharad satra). isake kaam kii shreniyon mein, neeche ullikhit, raajya reporting, vyaktigat shikaayaten, samanya tippaniyan aur antar-raajyiya sanchaar shamil hain.
aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key tahat raajya reporting.
aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key sabhi raajya pakshon kaa ack daayitva haye kii way una upaayon parr report prastut karein joe unhone apanaae hain joe maanyata praapt adhikaaron koo prabhaavit karate hain [aaee. see. see. pee. aar. mein] aur una adhikaaron key anand mein hui pragati parr."manvadhikar samiti" "adhyayan [aaee. aine. jee.]" "aur raajyon dwara prastut una reports kaa jawab dene key liye jimmedaar haye. raajyon key dalon koo aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key lagu honey key ack saal key bheetar ack praarambhik report prastut karni chaahiye, aur samiti dwara anurodh kiye jaane key anusaar baad kii aavadhik report prastut karni chaahiye. yeh reporting pranali aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key anuchhed 40 dwara anivarya haye.
aavadhik reports kii aavritti pahale lagbhag harr paanch saal mein hoti thee, lekin 2020 mein shuru honey vaali harr aathh saal mein hoti haye. sanyukt rashtra ney samiti aur anya manvadhikar sandhi nikaayon koo report karane parr raajyon key liye margadarshan prakaashit kiya haye. report kaa mukhya uddeshya sandhi key siddhanton key saath raajya key anupaalan koo badhaava denaa haye aur yeh sandhi key daayitvon key anuroop honey kaa ack imandar mulyankan honah chaahiye.
prakriya aur haal key prakriyaatmak parivartan.
raajya kii report prastut karane key baad, raajya key pratinidhi ack vyaktigat rachanaatmak samvaad mein report parr charcha karane key liye jineva yaa newyork mein samiti key saamane upasthit hotey hain, joe aam taur parr unn web tv parr live webcast kiya jaataa haye. iss samvaad key baad, samiti apane samaapan tippaniyon, sakaratmak pahaluon, chinta key vishayon aur sujhaavon aur sifaarishon sahit ack dastaavez kaa masauda taiyar karati haye aur usey apanaati haye. baad mein, apani anuvarti prakriya key tahat, samiti kaa aaklan haye kii kyaa kuchh sifaarishen ack varsh key bheetar poori kii gaee hain.
julaai 2010 mein, samiti ney ack naee vaikalpik reporting prakriya kaa prastaav rakhaa, jise "reporting seey pahale key muddon kii soochi" (ell. oh. aaee. pee. aar.) yaa "saralikrit reporting prakriya" kahaa jaataa haye. iss pranali key tahat, aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key pratyek lekh key karyanvayan parr raajya dwara ack poorna report prastut karane key bajaay, samiti raajya koo sambodhit karane key liye muddon kii ack soochi bhejati haye, aur raajya kii report koo kewal muddon kii usa soochi mein uthaaye gaye prashnon kaa uttar denaa chaahiye. samiti ney baad mein pilot aadhar parr saralikrit reporting prakriya koo apanaaya, halanki yeh "niyamit" prakriya kaa ack vaikalpik vikalp banaa huaa haye.ee., ack poorna report prastut karna. 2018 mein apane 124vein satra mein, samiti ney sthaayi aadhar parr saralikrit reporting prakriya koo apanaane aur sabhi raajyon koo saralikrit reporting parr switch karane key liye protsaahit karane kaa nirnay liya. isane muddon kii pratyek soochi mein prashnon kii sankhya koo 25 taka seemit karane kaa prayaas karane kaa bhee nirnay liya. 2019 mein, samiti ney saralikrit reporting prakriya koo default banaane kaa nirnay liya, ack raajya key chayan koo opt-inn seey opt-out model mein badal diyaa.
julaai 2019 mein samiti ney 2020 seey shuru hocker aathh saal key "anumaanit sameeksha chakr" (pee. aar. see.) mein jaane kaa faisala kiya, jisake tahat vaha pratyek raajya paksh (una raajyon sahit joe report karane mein whiffle rahey) key liye ack sameeksha nirdhaarit karegi. iss chakr mein paanch saal kii sameeksha prakriya shamil haye, aur agali sameeksha prakriya shuru honey seey pahale teen saal kaa antaral shamil haye. sabhi raajya dalon koo pratyek 21-22 raajyon key 8 samoohon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen pratyek samooh key liye ack alag varsh parr reporting prakriya shuru kii gaee thee.
aine. jee. oh. bhagidari.
aine. jee. oh. aur anya nagrik samaaj sangathan reporting prakriya mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaate hain. maanyata kii parwah kiye binaa, koee bhee sangathan samiti koo apani report (jise kabhi-kabhi "chhaaya report" kahaa jaataa haye) prastut curr sakata haye, raajya kii reports parr tippani curr sakata haye, aur paryavekshakon key roop mein sabhi samiti satron mein bhaag leey sakata haye. isake alawa, samiti aksar raajya kii report kii apani sameeksha key hisse key roop mein ichchuk aine. jee. oh. key saath ack bund baithak aayojit karati haye.
reporting pranali kii seemaaen.
kamjoriyon kaa ack samooh aatm-reporting kii pranali key liye antarnihit haye. halanki siddhant roop mein, report ack imandar mulyankan honah chaahiye, vaacha siddhanton kaa paalan karane mein kathit viphaltaon kii rachanaatmak aalochana kii sambhavana naheen haye. nagrik aur raajneetik adhikaaron key liye kendra, ack ngo, kahata haye kii "raajya aksar report kartaa haye. . . vyavhaar mein vaacha key karyanvayan kaa varnan karane mein whiffle "aur" vaacha key tahat guaranteekrit adhikaaron koo lagu karane mein raajya koo honey vaali kathinaaiyon key baare mein imandari seey mulyankan kii aksar kamee hoti haye."
raajyon dwara dair seey reporting aur gair-reporting ack aur samasya haye. march 2019 key madhyam seey samiti kii vaarshik report mein kahaa gayaa haye kii pandrah raajyon kii praarambhik reports kaa samay seey adhik honah baaki haye, jinamen seey 7 5 aur 10 varshon key beach bakaaya hain aur 8 10 saal yaa usase adhik samay seey adhik samay seey bakaaya hain."report key anulagnak IV ney unhein soochibaddh kiya; bhoomadhyarekhiya ginny kii praarambhik report 30 saal kii thee. usa anulagnak mein terah raajyon koo bhee soochibaddh kiya gayaa, jinaki aavadhik report duss saal yaa usase adhik samay seey adhik thee, afghanistan kii 22 saal seey adhik samay seey adhik aur nigeria kii 19 saal taka adhik samay seey adhik thee; duss raajya jinaki aavadhik report paanch seey duss saal taka adhik samay seey adhik thee; aur 28 raajya jinaki aavadhik report paanch saal seey cumm samay seey adhik samay seey adhik thee. see. aiss. doubleu., ack yuu. key.-adharit aine. jee. oh., kaa kahana haye kii raajyon kii or seey "bhagidari aur sifaarishon key karyanvayan kaa star apekshaakrit cumm haye", aur sandhi nikaay kii sifaarishon key saath raajyon key anupaalan kaa star kewal 19 pratishat haye.
anya vyaapak roop seey ullikhit samasyaon mein samiti kaa backlog aur raajyon, vishesh roop seey chhote raajyon parr bhaari bojh shamil haye.
samiti koo vyaktigat shikaayaten.
aaee. see. see. pee. aar. (vartamaan mein 116 desh) key pahale vaikalpik protocol key pakshakaar raajya apane adhikaar kshetra key bheetar vyaktiyon koo samiti koo shikaayaten ("vyaktigat sanchaar") prastut karane kii anumati dene key liye sahmat hue hain, jisamen daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key tahat unake adhikaaron kaa ullanghan kiya gayaa haye. aaee. see. see. pee. aar. vyaktigat shikayat prakriyaon key saath upalabdh aathh manvadhikar sandhiyon mein seey ack haye; dou anya sandhiyon mein aisee prakriyaaen bataai gaee hain joe abhee taka lagu naheen hain.
prakriya.
kissy vyaktigat sanchaar key guna (saar) parr vichaar karane seey pahale, samiti koo santusht honah chaahiye kii yeh sweekarya haye. samiti sweekaryata nirdhaarit karane mein kaee karakon kii sameeksha curr sakati haye aur yeh nishkarsh nikaal sakati haye kii, ack vyaktigat sanchaar koo sweekarya honey key liye, yeh aavashyak haih
vyaktigat sanchaar jisamen aavashyak pratham drishtaya tatva hotey hain, nae sanchaar aur antarim upaayon parr samiti key vishesh prativedak koo bheje jaate hain, joe yeh taya karate hain kii mamla darj kiya jaanaa chaahiye yaa naheen. usa samay, mamla raajya paksh koo preshit kiya jaataa haye, jise pahale vaikalpik protocol key anuchhed 4 key tahat chhah maheene key bheetar apani tippaniyon koo prastut karane kaa anurodh kiya jaataa haye. ack baar jaba raajya shikayat kaa jawab detaa haye, tou shikayatkarta koo ack nirdhaarit samay seema key bheetar tippani karane kaa avsar diyaa jaataa haye. yadi samiti yeh nishkarsh nikaalati haye kii aaee. see. see. pee. aar. kaa ullanghan huaa haye, tou apani anuvarti prakriya mein samiti raajya koo samiti kii sifaarishon koo lagu karane key liye apane kadmon parr 180 dinon key bheetar jaankaari pradaan karane key liye aamantrit karati haye. raajya kii pratikriya shikayatkarta koo tippaniyon key liye preshit kii jaati haye. yadi raajya paksh uchit kaarravaai karane mein whiffle rahata haye, tou samiti mamle koo vicharadhin rakhti haye. iss prakaar, samiti raajya paksh key saath baatchit karati haye aur santoshjanak upaay kiye jaane taka mamla khula rahata haye.
samiti bund satra mein vyaktigat sanchaar parr vichaar karati haye, lekin isake nirnay ("vichaar") aur koee bhee anuvarti kaarravaai saarvajanik hoti haye. badee sankhya mein shikayaton koo dekhate hue, shikayat jamaa karane aur usa parr samiti key nirnay key beach kaee saal beet sakate hain.
prakriya aur iska upayog kaise kiya jaae, udaaharan aur shikaayaten prastut karane key liye dishaanirdeshon sahit, kuchh aine. jee. oh. aur sanyukt rashtron seey jaankaari upalabdh haye.
nirnay.
vyaktigat shikayaton parr samiti key sabhi nirnay yuu. aine. jee. oh. aur shaikshanik sroton dwara prakaashit online sanklanon mein upalabdh hain.
samiti koo apani sthaapana key baad seey hajaaron shikaayaten millie hain. isake kuchh ullekhaniya nirnay neeche soochibaddh hain, vipareet kalanukramik crum mein. press aur akaadamik dhyaan aakarshit karane vaale haal key nirnayon mein, dou octuber 2018 key nirnayon mein samiti ney nishkarsh nikala kii nakaab parr france kaa pratibandh, poorna-chehra islami ghoonghat, aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key tahat guaranteekrit manvadhikaron kaa ullanghan kartaa haye, vishesh roop seey kissy key dharm yaa vishvaason koo prakat karane key adhikaaron aur bhedbhaav key khilaf suraksha key liye.
samanya tippaniyan.
aaj taka samiti ney 36 "samanya tippaniyan" jaari kii hain, jinamen seey pratyek aaee. see. see. pee. aar. key vishesh hisson parr vistrit margadarshan pradaan kartaa haye.
samiti ney 21 farwari, 2020 kii vistaarit samay seema taka masaude parr saarvajanik tippaniyon kii maang karate hue aaee. see. see. pee. aar. anuchhed 21, shantipurna sabhaa key adhikaar parr apani agali, agami samanya tippani, samanya tippani 37 kaa ack masauda prasaarit kiya haye. masaude kii vaishvik, manvadhikar nikaayon key vipareet, kshetriya nirnayon parr isaki nirbharta key liye aalochana kii gaee haye.
samiti kii sabse halia samanya tippani (30 octuber, 2018 kii) aaee. see. see. pee. aar. anuchhed 6 parr samanya tippani thee, joe jeevan key adhikaar parr thee (1982 aur 1984 kii kramshah samanya tippaniyon 6 aur 14 kii jagah). isake sattar paragraph mein seey bees mein, ack khand mein "maut kii sajaa" sheershak mein, maut kii sajaa kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye."ack tippanikar ney kahaa haye kii sashastr sangharsh kii sthitiyon key dauran jeevan kaa adhikaar kaise lagu hotaa haye, iska vivaran aur antarrashtriya manvadhikar kaanoon aur antarrashtriya maanviya kaanoon key beach sambandhon kaa iska bayaan ullekhaniya haye.
disambar 2014 mein samiti ney aaee. see. see. pee. aar. anuchhed 9, "vyakti kii swatantrata aur suraksha" parr samanya tippani jaari kii.
julaai 2011 mein, sanyukt rashtra manvadhikar samiti ney raay aur abhivyakti kii swatantrata key sambandh mein 52-paragraph vaale bayaan, aaee. see. see. pee. aar. anuchhed 19 parr samanya tippani 34 koo apanaaya. paragraph 48 mein kahaa gayaa haih 
antar-raajyiya sanchaar.
vaacha antar-raajyiya shikayaton key liye pradaan karati haye joe ack raajya paksh koo sandhi key ullanghan key saath dusare parr aarop lagaane mein saksham banaati haye."[aine] oh antarrajyiya shikayat tantra abhee taka prastut naheen kiya gayaa haye" (2009 taka). yeh abhee bhee adhikaar kshetra kaa mamla haye aur yeh samiti key liye vaikalpik haye kii way aisee shikayat sweekaar karenge yaa naheen.