
aavashyakta kaa pramaan patra

sanyukt raajya america mein aavashyakta kaa pramaan patra (conn) ack kanuni dastavej haye jisaki kaee raajyon aur kuchh sanghiya kshetradhikaron mein swaasthya suvidhaon key prastaavit nirmaan, adhigrahan yaa vistaar kii anumati dene seey pahale aavashyakta hoti haye. vipaksh ack sanghiya yaa raajya niyaamak agency dwara jaari kiye jaate hain joe ack kshetra parr adhikaar rakhta haye taaki yeh pushti kii jaa sakey kii yojana ack samudaay kii jarooraton koo puuraa karane key liye aavashyak haye. 
maujooda aspatalon aur swaasthya suvidhaon koo ekadhikar visheshaadhikaar dene key liye vipaksh kii aalochana kii gaee haye, jisase ack samudaay mein aspatalon aur aspatal key bistaron kii sankhya cumm hoe gaee haye. ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii kanuni kaanoonon key parinamswarup prati 100,000 vyaktiyon parr 50 pratishat cumm aspatal aur vishisht aspatal mein 12 pratishat cumm bistar they. sanyukt raajya america mein covid-19 mahamari key dauran aspatal key bistaron kii kamee key liye vipaksh koo doshi thaharaaya gayaa haye.
itihas.
conn kii avadharana pahali baar swaasthya dekhbhal key kshetra mein utpann hui aur ise pahale 1964 mein newyork mein aur phir 1974 mein richard nixon prashaasan key dauran rashtriya swaasthya yojana aur sansaadhan vikas adhiniyam key paarit honey key saath sanghiya kaanoon mein paarit kiya gayaa. 35 raajyon mein chikitsa suvidhaon key nirmaan key liye aavashyakta key pramaan patra aavashyak hain aur raajya swaasthya dekhbhal agencies dwara jaari kiye jaate hainh
kaee karakon ney raajyon koo swaasthya seva udyog mein vipaksh kii aavashyakta key liye prerit kiya. inmein seey mukhya chinta yeh thee kii aspatal kii atirikt kshamata key nirmaan seey ack atee santript kshetra mein pratiyogiyon koo adhik shulk laker yaa rogiyon koo anaavashyak roop seey aspatal mein bharti honey key liye raaji karke ack kamjor rogi pool kii laagat koo puuraa karna hoga.
kuchh udaharanon mein jahaan raajya aur sanghiya pradhikaran ack dusare seey mell khaate hain, sanghiya niyam aavashyakta kaa pramaan patra jaari karane key liye samvarti pradhikaran key saath sanghiya agency seey raajya agency koo adhikaar koo sthagit curr sakate hain. haalaanki, iss pradhikaran koo sthagit karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye. udaaharan key liye, awas aur shahari vikas vibhaag (aich. yuu. dee.) ney nimnalikhit nirdhaaran jaari kiyaah
vipaksh koo kabhi-kabhi diwaliyapan mein ack sampatti key roop mein becha jaataa haye, aur vipaksh kii aavashyakta kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi pratiyogiyon dwara maujooda aspatalon koo phir seey kholane koo rokane key liye kiya jaataa haye. juuna 2023 mein, ack tenancy prashaasnik kaanoon nyayadhish ney vanderbilt vishvavidyalaya dwara rutherford county mein ack nae aspatal key udghaatan koo avaruddh curr diyaa. raajya ney shuru mein aspatal koo manjuri dee thee aur ise aavashyakta kaa pramaan patra pradaan kiya thaa. lekin teen maujooda pradaataon ney hastakshep karate hue daavaa kiya kii kshetra mein ack aur suvidha kii aavashyakta naheen haye. 42 bistaron vaalaa aspatal 2020 seey kaam curr rhaa haye, 2026 mein ack asthaayi udghaatan key saath, yadi naee suvidha key nirmaan parr maujooda pradaataon kii apatti key liye naheen.
2018 mein, swaasthya aur maanav seva vibhaag ney raajyon koo apane kaanoonon koo nirast karane kii sifarish kii kyonki way chikitsa laagat badhaane kaa ack mahatvapurna kaaran hain, aur way rogiyon key swaasthya seva vikalpon koo cumm karate hain.
juuna 2019 mein, florida key governor ronn desentis ney house bill 21 parr hastakshar kiye, jisamen aspatalon, punarvaas bistaron aur aspatal sevaaon key liye florida key conn karyakram key pramukh hisson koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa, jisase poore florida mein swaasthya dekhbhal sevaaon key vistaar mein kaee kanuni baadhaon koo door kiya gayaa. maee 2023 mein, dakshin carolina key governor heinry mcmaster ney raajya mein aavashyakta kaanoonon key pramaan patra koo nirast karane key kaanoon parr hastakshar kiye.
aalochana aur kanuni mamle.
choonki nae aspatalon kaa nirmaan binaa "aavashyakta" saabit kiye naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, isaliye aavashyakta pramaan patra pranali pahale seey maujood aspatalon koo ekadhikar visheshaadhikaar pradaan karati haye. natijatan, alaska house off representatives key sadasya bobb linn ney tark diyaa haye kii aavashyakta key pramaan patra kaanoon key peechhe vaastavik prerana yeh haye kii "badey aspatal hain... behtar rogi dekhbhal pradaan karane key liye ekadhikar laabh kaa upayog karane key bahaane pratispardha koo samaapt karke paisa kamaane kii koshish karna. 2011 key ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii dosh "samanya aspatal mein bistaron kii sankhya mein ausatan 12 pratishat kii kamee karate hain, aur prati 100,000 vyaktiyon parr aspatalon kii sankhya mein 48 pratishat kii kamee karate hain. inn katauti seey antatah shahari aspatal key mukhya karyakari adhikaari una raajyon mein jaate hain jahan salana 91,000 dollar kaa aarthik kiraya lene key liye kaanoon banaae jaate hain.
2019 mein, mishigan key sabse badey aspatalon dwara pairavi kiye jaane key baad, raajya key aavashyakta aayog key pramaan patra ney kaar tii-cell chikitsa koo swaasthya seva key ack "nae" praavdhaan key roop mein vargeekrit karke kewal sabse badey (mukhya roop seey shahari) aspatalon mein kaar tii-cell cancer chikitsa kii upalabdhata koo pratibandhit karane kaa prayaas kiya, jisake liye vidhanmandal dwara aayog koo hataane taka pramanan kii aavashyakta thee. kuchh raajneetik vakaalat sangathanon ney sanyukt raajya america mein covid-19 mahamari key dauran aspatal key bistaron kii kamee key liye vipaksh koo doshi thaharaaya haye. 
2020 mein, kentucky key nivaasiyon koo vishesh roop seey nepali pravasiyon key liye ack naee home cayer agency kholane kii maang koo raajya dwara aavashyakta key pramaan patra seey incar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. nivaasiyon ney sanghiya adalat mein faisale koo chunauti dee aur antatah, apeelon kii chhathi circuit adalat ney ack nichali adalat key nirdhaaran kii pushti kii kii raajya kaa kaanoon samvaidhaanik thaa. 2022 kii garmiyon mein, nivaasiyon ney sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya mein ack pramaan yachika daayar kii, jisamen tark diyaa gayaa kii chaudahaven sanshodhan mein vartamaan tarksangat aadhar maanak kii tulanaa mein ack samanya vyavasaay mein shamil honey key adhikaar parr pratibandhon kii adhik saarthak sameeksha kii aavashyakta haye.

