johnn brooks levit

johnn brooks levit (1849-1930) newyork shahar key ack vakeel, lekhak aur sudhaarak they. achchi sarkaar" andolan key sadasya key roop mein, levit ney 1897 mein sanyukt raajya key senator thomas see key abhiyog kii maang karate hue, tummony holl nagarpalika bhrashtachar key khilaf ladaai ladee. beema company key paksh mein badale mein newyork jeevan beema company seey rishwat lene key aarop parr. "hamaare paas sakaratmak saboot hain, joe jaise hii newyork key paas ack imandar jilaa vakeel haye", levit ney broadway parr lambe ekad varg mein ekatra 2,000 kii bheed seey kahaa, "usake saamane rakhaa jaayega, aur phir humm ack abhiyog praapt karane mein saksham honge aur aark-boss koo jail bhejenge joe usake liye jaangh letaa haye."
praarambhik jeevan aur carrier kii shuruat.
johnn brooks levit kaa janm 30 sitambar, 1849 koo sinsinati, ohiyo mein huaa thaa, jahan unake pitaa johnn mcdowell levit kaanoon kaa abhyaas curr rahey they, aur unaki patni bethia (brooks) levit. levit ney baad mein ohiyo key zaanesavile mein uchch vidyalaya mein padhaai kii, jahan unake pitaa ney apana kaanoon abhyaas chhodane key baad ack episcopal church key mantri key roop mein kaary kiya. 1868 mein levit ney canyon college seey snaatak kiya, aur chaar saal baad unhone master degree key saath snaatak kiya. levit ney phir kolambiya vishvavidyalaya key school off low mein dakhila liya, jahan unhone 1871 mein snaatak kiya.
kolambiya seey snaatak honey key baad, levit ney newyork shahar key ack kaanoon karyalaya mein clerk banana shuru kiya, aur kuchh hii samay baad ekal vyavasaayi key roop mein apane shingle koo latka diyaa. levit kaa abhyaas cumm thaa, lekin dheere-dheere unhein graahak mille, aamtaur parr jaba unhein lagaa kii ack graahak koo cumm curr diyaa gayaa haye tou way aise mamle lete hain. ack praarambhik muvakkil ack paadari thaa jiss parr gambhir anaitikta kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. chunaav dhokhadhadi seey judey baad key mamle mein, levit ney newyork raajya key raajya sachiv, raajya key attorney general aur anya raajya adhikaariyon key khilaf adalat kii avamaanana key liye mukadama daayar kiya. raajya key adhikaariyon parr levit dwara mukadama daayar kiya gayaa thaa, adalat ney una parr unake aparaadh key liye bhaari jurmana lagaaya thaa.
apane currier kii shuruat seey hii, levit mukhar they. varshon seey unake lakshyon mein telephone ekadhikar, saathi vakeel joe aakasmik shulk pranali kaa durupyog karate they, aaparaadhik roop seey pagal key sambandh mein kaanoon, aur newyork raajya mein matpatra sudhaar kii aavashyakta thee.
shuruat mein, levit ney apane darshan koo saral bhasha mein prastut kiya. "roodhivaad joe samajik beemariyon key ekmatra ilaaj key roop mein vyakti key sudhaar kaa upadesh detaa haye", levit ney 1902 mein likhaa, "duniya mein kabhi sudhaar naheen hoga."isake baad levit ney sabhi roopon mein bhrashtachar parr hamla kiya-vishesh roop seey corporate. "yadi ack udaaharan kii aavashyakta haye tou yeh nigamon key nideshakon key aacharan mein paaya jaataa haye, joe ack nikaay key roop mein kaam karate samay, chori, rishwat, jabaran vasuli, atyachar, arajakta, chhal aur dhokhadhadi kaa virodh karate hain, jise pratyek vyakti vyaktigat roop seey ghrina kartaa haye... puraane samanya kaanoon kaa kahana kii nigamon mein koee aatma naheen haye, galat haye. nigamon mein aatmaaen hoti hain. sarkaaron key paas aatmaaen hoti hain. samaaj mein ack aatma hoti haye."
levit key ack anya lekh mein, unhone peechha karane key liye katauti kii. church parr likhit roop mein (levit kaa muvakkil ack uchch church kaa vyakti thaa jiss parr durvyavahar kaa aarop thaa), levit ney paaramparik gyaan kaa paalan karane key pralobhan koo sambodhit kiya. apane nibandh "joe cheejen naheen dekhi gaeen unake prati church kaa ravaiya" mein, newyork key vakeel ney nott kiya kii jabaki church key sadasya una chamatkaron parr vishvaas karate they joe dou sahasrabdi pahale hue they, aur jinhen unhone naheen dekhaa thaa, way vartamaan ghatnaaon key baare mein sandeh karate they joe unhone dekhi theen. "bhed charvaahe kaa anusaran karati haye", levit ney likhaa. "kaee aam loga apane mantri kii pratidhvani karate hain."
mukhar yoddha.
levit ney shayed hii kabhi apana sandesh dene kaa avsar ganvaaya hoe. udaaharan key liye, 1896 mein apane alma matter canyon college key snaatak varg seey baat karate hue, levit ney apane praarambhik bhaashan kaa sheershak "college snatakon key nagrik kartavya" rakhaa."dou saal baad, levit ney ack sambodhan diyaa jise unhone" "americi sansthaan aur raajneetik masheenen" "kahaa. naa hii levit ney hamesha sabse lokpriya karanon koo uthaaya. apane ack vivaad mein, "pagal vyaktiyon koo kiss hudd taka aaparaadhik kaanoon key liye uttardaayi honah chaahiye?", levit ney mansik bimari aur kanuni dosh key mudde kii jaanch kii. (usa samay levit ney newyork raajya baar association kii aaparaadhik prakriya parr samiti key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya. isake baad, levit ney aaparaadhik pagal kii pratibaddhata aur nirvahan parr baar association kii samiti kii adhyakshata kii. levit mansik roop seey beemar logon kii aaparaadhik doshasiddhi seey sambandhit newyork raajya key kaanoonon key agrani bunn gaye.
1910 mein, levit ney newyork vishvavidyalaya kii mahila kaanoon kaksha mein 18 mahilaaon key snaatak varg seey baat kii. "mujhe yeh kahane mein khed haye kii iss shahar key kaee aaparaadhik vakeel," levit ney nae baney vakeelon seey kahaa, "peshe parr adhik shreya naheen darshaate hain, kyonki way aksar shabd key donon arthon mein aaparaadhik hotey hain."aggar juurii pranali koo hataa diyaa gayaa, tou levit ney 18 mahilaaon koo bataaya joe shahar mein kaanoon kaa abhyaas karane key liye apane ling kii pahali mahilaaon mein seey theen", panchish varshon mein aapke paas ack bhrasht nyaypalika hogi."
kaee sudharakon kii tarah, levit ney shayed hii kabhi apana sandesh dene kaa avsar diyaa, aur way "dha newyork times" aur anya newyork shahar key samachar patron key sampaadak koo patron key lagaatar yogadankarta they. newyork key vakeel ney "rosemarra kii naitikta" pustak mein yogdan diyaa, joe yell vishvavidyalaya press dwara prakaashit peshevar naitikta parr nibandhon kaa ack sangrah haye.
yug key pragatisheel logon key beach, rashtrapati theodor roozvelt key yug key dauran bhee, vyaapak sandeh thaa kii cheejen behtar key liye badalengi. udaaharan key liye, 26 janwari, 1900 key johnn brooks levit koo likhe ack patra mein, ee. ell. godkin ney newyork key vakeel koo bataaya kii asadharan ghatnaaon koo chhodkar, vaha nirvaachit adhikaariyon key lalach aur bhrashtachar key saamane khushi-khushi khud koo saarvajanik seva seey hataa rahey they. "jiss samay main bhram mein thaa", godkin ney sudhaarak leavit koo likhaa, "jisase main uber gayaa huun, kii iss shahar key liye hamaare sammaanit vargon seey mukti aaa sakati haye... bhagwan kaa shukra haye kii main isase baahar hoe gayaa huun. nirdeshit vargon key beach aisee sthiti mein cumm seey cumm ack peedhi koo sudhaar kii aavashyakta haye."
levit ney koee raajneetik pada naheen sambhala aur kritagyata vyakt kii kii unhone kissy key prati majboor mahsoos naheen kiya. (kaee varshon taka, levit nagrik sangh party key sadasya they, jiska mukhyalaya nichale mainhattan mein 34 union squire mein thaa. naa hii unhone kissy bhee corporate nideshak mandal mein seva kii. 1893 mein unhein 'achchi sarkaar' key sudhaar tikat parr vidhansabha key liye chunaav ladane key liye raaji kiya gayaa, lekin chunaav jeetane mein whiffle rahey, jise dharmayuddh key vakeel ney raahat key roop mein kahaa. levit ney baar association key sudhaar key liye samitiyon mein kaary kiya, jahan unhone sanghiya nyayadhishon kii ack alag sanrachana key saath sanyukt raajya circuit court off appeals key punargathan sahit naee yojanaon kaa prastaav rakhaa.
baad mein jeevan aur viraasat.
johnn brooks levit vishvavidyalaya club, samajik sudhaar club, newyork city leag off reform, national sivil service reform leag, dha barnard club, ontora club, dha baar association off newyork city, dha newyork state baar association, dha american baar association aur dha reform-minded sivil service leag key sadasya they. levit kaanoon key gairkaanooni abhyaas parr newyork baar association kii samiti key saath-saath anaavashyak mukdamebaji kii roktham parr samiti key lambe samay seey kaaryarat sadasya they. unhone niyamit roop seey nyu york low school low journal mein lekhon kaa yogdan diyaa, jahan unhein yogadankarta key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa.
levit ney mainhattan shahar mein 30 chaudi sadak parr ack kaanoon karyalaya rakhaa. unhein ack magwamp ganarajya maanaa jaataa thaa. apane jeevan key anta taka levit ney newyork key diosis key liye protestant episcopal church key saath vibhinn swayamsevak kshamataon mein seva kii, aur lambe samay taka sent mein varishth warden they. mainhattan key purvi gaanv mein maark kaa church.
levit 1891 mein mainhattan key poorv kii or charles bee dwara sampann ack basti ghar, poorv kii or key ghar key sansthaapak nideshak they. aar kaa webster. aich. massie aind koo. ghar koo ack "aatm-sahayak club" banaane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa joe shramikon koo sadakon seey door aur sailoon seey baahar rakhna chaahiye."
levit columbia college aur canyon college key poorv chhaatr sanghon mein sakriya they, jinhone unhein 1896 mein maanad doctor off low kii degree pradaan kii thee. unhone patrikaon aur patrikaon key liye vyaapak roop seey likhana jaari rakhaa, aur aksar nagarpalika aur corporate bhrashtachar key vishay parr sabhaon mein baat karate they. levit kaa vivaah 1879 mein bethelham, pensylvania mein rev kii betty mairi keath seey huaa thaa. ormes bee. philadelphia key keath, aur krantikari yuddh key anta mein sanyukt raajya congress key adhyaksh alias bodynot kii badee bhatiji. mairi (keath) levit kaa 3 julaai, 1916 koo 59 varsh kii ayu mein loer mainhattan mein grammercy park mein 1 lexington avenue mein dampati key ghar parr nidhan hoe gayaa.

