
1921 kaa turkey samvidhaan

1921 kaa samvidhaan (ottoman turkeeh "tekilât-ı Esasiye canunu";) 1921 seey 1924 taka ack sankshipt avadhi key liye turkey kaa maulik kaanoon thaa. aadhunik turkey raajya kaa pahala samvidhaan, ise janwari 1921 mein turkey kii bhavya rashtriya sabhaa dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh kewal 23 laghu lekhon seey yukt ack saral dastavej thaa. octuber 1923 mein turkey koo ganarajya ghoshit karane key liye samvidhaan mein sanshodhan kiya gayaa thaa. agale varsh aprail mein samvidhaan koo ack poori tarah seey nae dastavej, 1924 key samvidhaan dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
prishthabhoomi.
yeh bhavya rashtriya sabhaa dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa jise pratham vishva yuddh key baad ottoman samrajya key vaastavik patan key baad 23 aprail, 1920 koo ack samvaidhaanik sammelan aur ack karyavahak sansad donon key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa. mustafa kemal ataturk, joe baad mein 1923 mein turkey ganarajya key pahale rashtrapati baney, ack samvidhaan kii taiyari key peechhe pramukh prerak shakti they joe rashtra seey apani samprabhuta praapt kartaa thaa naa kii sultan seey, joe ottoman samrajya kaa poorna samrat thaa. rashtriya sabhaa kaa gathan ack samvidhaan likhane key uddeshya seey kiya gayaa thaa joe ack ganarajya kii ghoshana key liye aadhar taiyar karega aur rashtriya samprabhuta key siddhant koo pavitra karega. yeh samvidhaan 1919-1923 key dauran turkey swatantrata sangram key liye kanuni aadhar key roop mein bhee kaam karega, kyonki yeh ottoman samrajya dwara hastaaksharit 1918 kii savers sandhi key siddhanton kaa khandan karega, jisake dwara samrajya key kshetra kaa ack badaa hissa una shaktiyon koo saunpana hoga jinhone pratham vishva yuddh jeetaa thaa.
avalokan.
rashtriya sabhaa ney 19 navambar, 1920 koo ack nae samvidhaan key liye bahas shuru kii aur 20 janwari, 1921 key satra key dauran isaki pushti kii gaee. yeh pahala turkey samvidhaan thaa jisane rashtriya samprabhuta key siddhant koo pavitra kiya.
yeh ack apekshaakrit chhota paath thaa jisamen 23 lekh they, pahale nau lekh una siddhanton koo nirdhaarit karate they jinn parr raajya kii sthaapana kii jaayegi. isane karyakari aur vidhaayi visheshadhikaron koo "rashtra kii samprabhuta key ekmatra sachche pratinidhi", rashtriya sabhaa koo saunp diyaa, jise pratyaksh lokpriya vote dwara chunaa jaanaa thaa. 29 octuber, 1923 koo ganarajya kii ghoshana key baad, karyakari shaktiyon kaa prayog rashtriya vidhansabha kii or seey rashtrapati aur mantriparishad dwara kiya jaanaa thaa.
usa samay key badey bhoo-raajneetik anuman aur ack ganarajya kii aupchaarik ghoshana kii kamee key kaaran, yeh iss nae samvidhaan key tahat sultan kii bhoomika key baare mein kuchh bhee ullekh karane mein whiffle rhaa. takniki drishtikon seey, yeh tark diyaa jaa sakata haye kii yeh sambhavana khuli reh gaee haye kii saltanat koo samaapt naheen kiya jaa sakata haye aur ise ack samvaidhaanik rajshahi key liye raasta banaane key liye sanshodhit kiya jaa sakata thaa, joe 1791 key francisi samvidhaan dwara sthaapit ack key samaan thaa. haalaanki, yeh spasht haye kii yeh chook swatantrata yuddh key parinam aur gantantra kii ghoshana seey pahale shatruta kii samaapti kii prateeksha curr rahee thee.
isamen samaan karanon seey nyaayik pranali key baare mein koee sandarbh bhee shamil naheen thaa, naa hii isane nagrikon key adhikaaron aur jimmedariyon koo paribhaashit kiya thaa.
samayrekha.
20 janwari, 1921 koo lagu honey key baad, yeh 1924 key samvidhaan koo apanaane taka teen saal taka desh key kaanoon key roop mein rhaa. iss dauran yeh turkey ganarajya key itihas mein kaee atyant mahatvapurna aur maulik ghatnaaon kaa gawah banaah
paath (jaisa kii adhiniyamit kiya gayaa haye).
pahale nau lekhon key paath kaa anuvaad iss prakaar kiya jaa sakata haih
anuchhed 10 kaa sheershak "prashaasan" haye. anuchhed 11 seey 21 sthaaniya sarkari ikaaiyon seey sambandhit hain. inn upkhandon koo "vilaayat" (kalaa) kahaa jaataa haye. 11-14), "kaaja" (kalaa. 15) aur "nahi" (kalaa. 16-21). anuchhed 22 seey 23 samanya nireekshan ("umumi muffettislic") key liye pradaan karate hain. ack antim anantim lekh bhee haye, joe asankhyit haye.