
khapra bhring

khapra bhring (trogoderma grenarium), jise cabinet bhring bhee kahaa jaataa haye, joe dakshin asia mein utpann huaa, anaaj utpaadon aur beejon key duniya key sabse vinashkari keeton mein seey ack haye. ise duniya kii 100 sabse kharaab aakramak prajaatiyon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. keat kii lambe samay taka bhojan key binaa jeevit rahane kii kshamata, shushk sthitiyon aur cumm aardrata vaale bhojan key liye isaki prathamikta aur kaee keetnashakon key prati isake pratirodh key kaaran sankraman koo niyantrit karna mushkil haye. yuu. aiss. mein chawal key ayaat koo pratibandhit karane vaalaa ack sanghiya sangrodh haye.aiss. bhring key gyaat sankraman vaale deshon seey. khapra bhring kaa sankraman anyatha moolyavaan vyaparik vastuon koo kharaab curr sakata haye aur yadi ack nae kshetra mein pesh kiya jaataa haye tou mahatvapurna aarthik nuksan kaa khatra hoe sakata haye. dooshit anaaj aur beej utpaadon koo sambhaalane yaa unakaa sevan karane seey twacha mein jalan aur jathrantra sambandhi pareshani jaisi swaasthya samasyaaen hoe sakati hain.
varnan.
vayask bhring bhoore aur laal rung key hotey hain, 1.6-3 mimi lambe hotey hain. aparipakva larva 5 millimeter taka lambe hotey hain aur ghaney, laal-bhoore baalon seey dhake hotey hain. larva charan chaar seey chhah saptah taka chala sakata haye, lekin ise saat saal taka badhaaya jaa sakata haye. narr gahare bhoore yaa kaale rung key hotey hain, aur maadaaen halke rangon key saath thodi badee hoti hain. ack vayask khapra bhring kaa jivankal aamtaur parr paanch seey duss dinon key beach hotaa haye. bhring germ, shushk paristhitiyon koo pasand kartaa haye aur una kshetron mein paaya jaa sakata haye jahaan anaaj aur anya sambhaavit bhojan sangraheet kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii pantery, malt house, anaaj aur chaara prasanskaran sanyantra, aur upayog kiye gaye anaaj key boron yaa dibbon kaa bhandar. yeh prajaati bhaarat kii mool nivasi haye, jisaki mool shrinkhala barma seey laker paschimi africa taka faili hui haye. khapra bhring ack cinenthrope haye, joe mukhya roop seey manushyon key saath ghanishth sambandh mein rahata haye. gair-maanav vatavaran mein bhring key vyavhaar key baare mein jaankaari seemit haye.
khapra bhring key andey belnakar hotey hain, ack chhor adhik goal aur doosara adhik nukila hotaa haye, lagbhag 0.7 mimi lamba aur 0.25 mimi chauda hotaa haye, jiska vajan lagbhag 0.02 milligram hotaa haye. nukile chhor mein reedh kii huddy jaise kaee anuman hotey hain. andey shuru mein doodhiya safed hotey hain lekin kaee ghanton mein halke peele rung key hoe jaate hain.
khapra bhring kaa shareer vigyaan isake aahar seey kaafee prabhaavit hotaa haye. borzoi aur anya. paaya gayaa kii raaee vyaktiyon key prajanan aur vikas key liye sabse ishtatam vatavaran pradaan kartaa haye. isake vipareet, akhrot aur chawal key aahar ney mahilaaon kii prajanan kshamata aur vyaktiyon key vayask vajan koo cumm curr diyaa, jabaki larva charan kii avadhi koo badhaa diyaa.
ack aakramak prajaati key roop mein.
khapra bhring kaee bhoomadhyasagariya, madhya purvi, asiai aur african deshon mein sthaapit hoe gayaa haye. isaki khoj uttari america mein bhee hui haye. sanyukt raajya seema shulk agents ney ise sanyukt raajya america key purvi aur paschimi tata parr alag-alag sankramanon mein paaya haye, lekin iss bindu taka keat koo niyantrit karane aur samaapt karane mein safal rahey hain. americi seema shulk agents ney 2011 mein 100 baar bhring koo rokaa, jabaki 2005 aur 2006 mein prati varsh teen seey chhah aur 2007 seey 2009 taka ausatan lagbhag 15 prati varsh thaa. 2017 mein, bhring koo pahali baar srilanka mein darj kiya gayaa thaa. bhring srilanka seey chaay kii ack khep kii packaging mein paaya gayaa thaa, jise roose leey jaaya gayaa thaa. srilanka chaay board ney vyakt kiya kii anaaj key pichhale parivahan key liye usee paatr key upayog key baad namuna shipping paatr mein reh gayaa hoga, naa kii srilankai mool kaa. samudri paatron kaa sankraman vaastav mein aam haye.
jiss prakaar key utpaad mein bhring koo leey jaaya jaataa haye, vaha ack nae vatavaran mein pakad banaane kii isaki kshamata mein yogdan curr sakata haye. jou kaa aataa aur daraar vaali gehuun kii guthali anya anaaj utpaadon kii tulanaa mein kaafee adhik larva aur vayask bhringon koo sahaara detee paaee gaeen, jabaki polish kiye gaye motee jou, makka aur poore jou cumm aabaadi koo sahaara dete they.
khapra bhring ack aakramak prajaati key roop mein paryaavaran key liye koee pratyaksh paaristhitik khatra prastut naheen kartaa haye. isaki shuruat key apratyaksh prabhaav maanviya drishtikon seey sabse badee chinta kaa vishay hain. anaaj key beej kii vyavaharyata mein kamee aur sangraheet anaaj key beejon kii haani badey paimaane parr krishi aur antarrashtriya vyaapaar key liye khatra bunn sakati haye, isaliye kaee deshon dwara isake vistaar koo seemit karane parr mahatvapurna dhyaan diyaa jaa rhaa haye.
agast 2020 mein australia kii rajdhani canbara mein ack nae refrigerator mein agyaat keede paae gaye they. kharidaaron ney sanghiya krishi vibhaag koo isaki soochana dee, jisane keedon kii pehchaan khapra key roop mein kii. aggar yeh pahale seey hii ack vyaapak sankraman thaa-yaa aggar yeh ack honey vaalaa thaa-australia mein krishi aur australia kii arthavyavastha koo prati varsh saikadon karod dollar kaa nuksan hoga. natijatan, vibhaag ney turant adhiniyam aur aine. aiss. doubleu. mein bhringon kaa pataa lagaana, unakaa pataa lagaana, nireekshan karna, unhein rakhna aur unakaa ilaaj karna shuru curr diyaa. vibhaag kaa maanana haye kii iss report aur isaki pratikriya ney khaparon koo prabhaavi roop seey australia seey baahar rakhaa haye aur bhavishya mein unhein baahar kaise rakhaa jaae, isake baare mein naee jaankaari pradaan kii haye.
niyantran key tareeke.
methyl bromide key saath dhuman sabse prabhaavi upchaar haye. bhaarat mein gehuun kii dukaanon mein beatle koo niyantrit karane key liye neem key choorn kaa upayog kiya jaataa rhaa haye. neem kaa pouder apani tej gandh key kaaran kaee keedon koo door kartaa haye, lekin aam taur parr keedon koo naheen maartaa haye. haalaanki, yeh abhee bhee fasalon koo sankraman seey bachaane mein upayogi haye.
praakritik keat prabandhan vidhiyon mein shodh mein paaya gayaa haye kii datura meetal key patton seey nikalane vaale ark khapra bhringon key liye mahatvapurna sampark vishaaktata aur bahu-peedhi prabhaav prastut karate hain. ark kii uchch sandrata key kaaran praarambhik peedhi aur baad kii santanon mein uchch mrityu darr hui. atyadhik thhand aur garmi key lambe samay taka sampark mein rahane seey mamuli prabhaav padaa haye, lekin adhikansh larva vayask bhringon koo maarne key liye aavashyak seema seey parey charam seema taka jeevit paae gaye hain.
dooshit samagri koo bhejane seey rokane key liye prayaas kiye jaa sakate hain, samudri shipping containers koo track kiya jaa sakata haye, aur containers koo punah upayog seey pahale kitanurahit kiya jaa sakata haye. iss baat kii maanyata badh rahee haye kii vaishvik khapra aakraman ack apatkal haye aur isake liye rashtriya aur antarrashtriya kaarravaai kii aavashyakta haye.
neeti aur niyam.
sanyukt raajya america key krishi vibhaag key pashu aur paadap swaasthya nireekshan seva ney julaai 2011 seey khapra bhring sankraman key liye jaane jaane vaale kshetron seey anaaj aur anaaj key ayaat parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa haye. yeye ayaat niyam khapra bhring seey sankramit honey key liye nirdhaarit kshetron seey chawal, chanaa, kusum key beej aur soyabean key ayaat seey sambandhit hain. inn kshetron seey bheje gaye utpaadon mein seey kissy koo bhee pahale ack phytosanitary upchaar key adheen honah chaahiye, aur ack pramaan patra jisamen maal kaa nireekshan kiya gayaa haye aur saaf paaya gayaa haye, utpaad key saath shamil kiya jaanaa chaahiye. kaee uttar african, madhya poorv aur dakshin asiai desh, jaise afghanistan, iran, misra, seeriya, morakko, srilanka aur bhaarat inn niyamon key adheen hain. disambar 2014 mein khapra bhring ayaat niyamon mein ack sanshodhan paarit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen kuwait, oman, katar, sanyukt arab amirat, dakshin sudan aur philistini pradhikaran koo viniyamit rashtron kii soochi mein jodaa gayaa thaa.
australia sabhi prakaar key beej, meve, masaale, sookhe meve aur sabjiyaan aur kissy bhee asansaadhit krishi utpaadon parr khapra bhring ayaat pratibandh rakhta haye. inn utpaadon key kissy bhee ayaat key liye ack phytosanitary pramaan patra kii aavashyakta hoti haye jisamen kahaa jaataa haye kii utpaad kaa nireekshan aur safai kii jaati haye. iss neeti key liye vicharadhin mool deshon mein africa, madhya poorv aur dakshin asia kaa adhikansh hissa shamil haye.

