
europeeya aayog

europeeya aayog (ee. see.) europeeya sangh (ee. yuu.) kii karyakari kaa hissa haye, europeeya parishad key saath. yeh ack cabinet sarkaar key roop mein kaam kartaa haye, jisamen aayog key 27 sadasya (nirdeshan pranali, anaupchaarik roop seey "ayukton" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) ack adhyaksh kii adhyakshata mein hotey hain. isamen lagbhag 32,000 europeeya sivil sevakon kaa ack prashaasnik nikaay shamil haye. aayog koo mahanideshakon (dee. jee. aiss.) key roop mein jaane jaane vaale vibhagon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye, jinaki tulanaa ack mahanideshak key netritva vaale vibhagon yaa mantralayon seey kii jaa sakati haye, joe ack aayukt key liye jimmedaar haye.
prati sadasya raajya ack sadasya hotaa haye, lekin sadasya apane grih raajya key bajaay poore europeeya sangh key samanya hita kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye apane pada kii shapath seey baadhya hotey hain. aayog key adhyaksh (vartamaan mein ursula wonn dair leyen) koo europeeya parishad (27 raajya/sarkaaron key pramukh) dwara prastaavit kiya jaataa haye aur europeeya sansad dwara chunaa jaataa haye. europeeya sangh kii parishad taba naamit adhyaksh key saath samjhaute mein aayog key anya sadasyon koo naamit karati haye, aur ack team key roop mein 27 sadasya taba europeeya sansad dwara anumodan key vote key adheen hotey hain. vartamaan aayog wonn dair leyen aayog haye, jisane usee varsh maee mein europeeya sansad key chunaavon key baad disambar 2019 mein padbhar sambhala.
itihas.
europeeya aayog 9 maee 1950 koo francisi videsh mantri robbert shuman key prastaav key baad, supernational europeeya samudaay pranali mein banaae gaye paanch pramukh sansthanon mein seey ack seey utpann huaa haye. 1951 mein europeeya koyla aur ispat samudaay mein uchch pradhikaran key roop mein utpann huaa, aayog ney vibhinn rashtrapatiyon key tahat shakti aur sanrachana mein kaee parivartan kiye hain, jisamen teen samudaay shamil hain.
sthaapana.
pahala aayog 1951 mein rashtrapati jeane monet key tahat nau sadasyiya "uchch pradhikaran" key roop mein utpann huaa (monnet pradhikaran dekhein). uchch pradhikaran nae europeeya koyla aur ispat samudaay (ee. see. aiss. see.) kaa atee-rashtriya prashaasnik karyakari thaa. isane pahali baar 10 agast 1952 koo luxemberg shahar mein padbhar sambhala. 1958 mein, rome kii sandhiyon ney ee. see. aiss. see. key saath dou nae samudaayon kii sthaapana kii theeh europeeya aarthik samudaay (ee. ee. see.) aur europeeya paramanu oorjaa samudaay (euratum). haalaanki, unake adhikaariyon koo "uchch adhikaari" key bajaay "aayog" kahaa jaataa thaa. naam parivartan kaa kaaran adhikaariyon aur parishad key beach nayaa sambandh thaa. france jaise kuchh raajyon ney uchch pradhikari kii shakti parr apatti vyakt kii aur nae adhikaariyon key bajaay parishad koo adhik shakti dekar ise seemit karna chaaha.
lui armond ney euratum key pahale aayog kaa netritva kiya. walter hallstein ney 16 janwari 1958 koo vail-dueches key chatto mein pahali aupchaarik baithak aayojit karate hue ee. ee. see. key pahale aayog kaa netritva kiya. isane ack vivadaspad anaaj moolya samjhaute parr samjhauta hassil kiya, saath hii saath teesare deshon parr sakaratmak prabhaav daala jaba isane shulk aur vyaapaar (gatt) vaartaon parr samanya samjhaute key canady daur mein apani antarrashtriya shuruat kii. hallstein ney vishesh roop seey europeeya kaanoon key samekan kii shuruat kii aur rashtriya kaanoon parr ullekhaniya prabhaav dalna shuru curr diyaa. shuru mein unake prashaasan parr bahut cumm dhyaan diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin europeeya nyayalaya kii madad seey, unake aayog ney bhavishya key aayogon koo adhik gambhirta seey lene kii anumati dene key liye apane adhikaar parr paryaapt muhar lagaa dee. haalaanki, 1965 mein, vibhinn vishayon (british pravesh, sansad mein pratyaksh chunaav, fauchet yojana aur bajat) parr charles dee gaull kii francisi sarkaar aur anya sadasya raajyon key beach matbhedon key sanchay ney "khaali kursi" sankat koo janm diyaa, jahir taur parr samanya krishi neeti key prastaavon parr. halanki agale varsh sansthaagat sankat kaa samadhan hoe gayaa thaa, lekin isake bavjood kii unhein jack dellers taka sabse 'gatishil' netaa key roop mein dekhaa jaa rhaa thaa, isake liye unhein euratum key rashtrapati pada aur baad mein walter hallstein koo ee. ee. see. key adhyaksh pada kii jimmedaari chukani padee.
praarambhik vikas.
europeeya adhikaariyon key naam seey saamoohik roop seey naamit teen nikaay 1 julaai 1967 taka saha-astitva mein they, jaba vilay sandhi key tahat, unhein rashtrapati jeane ray key tahat ack ekal prashaasan mein jodaa gayaa thaa. vilay key kaaran, ray aayog ney 14 sadasyon kii asthaayi vriddhi dekhi-halanki baad key aayogon koo chhote raajyon key liye ack sadasya aur badey raajyon key liye dou key sootra kaa paalan karate hue nau taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa. ray aayog ney 1968 mein samudaay key seema shulk sangh koo puuraa kiya aur ack adhik shaktishali, nirvaachit, europeeya sansad key liye abhiyaan chalaaya. sanyukt samudaayon key pahale adhyaksh honey key bavjood, hallstein koo aadhunik aayog key pahale adhyaksh key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye.
malfatti aur mansholt aayogon ney maudrik sahyog parr kaam kiya aur 1973 mein uttar mein pahala vistaar kiya. usa vistaar key saath, ortoli aayog (ack badey sadasya key roop mein united kingdam koo dou ayukton koo diyaa gayaa thaa) key tahat ayukton kii sadasyata kii sankhya badhkar terah hoe gaee, joe usa samay aarthik aur antarrashtriya asthirta key dauran badhe hue samudaay seey nipatati thee. samudaay key baahari pratinidhitva ney ack kadam aage badhaaya jaba rashtrapati roy jenkins, jinhen janwari 1977 mein united kingdam kii shram sarkaar key grih sachiv key roop mein apani bhoomika seey rashtrapati pada key liye bharti kiya gayaa thaa, samudaay kii or seey jee8 shikhar sammelan mein bhaag lene vaale pahale rashtrapati baney. jenkins aayog key baad, gaston thorn key aayog ney ekal europeeya adhiniyam parr kaam shuru karane key alawa, dakshin mein samudaay key vistaar kaa nireekshan kiya.
jack dellers.
jack dellers kii adhyakshata vaale aayog koo samudaay koo disha aur gatishilata kii bhavna dene key roop mein dekhaa gayaa. dellers aur unake college koo "euro key sansthaapak pitaa" key roop mein bhee maanaa jaataa haye. antarrashtriya herauld tribune" ney 1992 mein apane dusare karyakal key anta mein dellers key kaam koo nott kiyaah "shree. dellers ney europeeya samudaay koo iss uthal-puthal seey bachaaya. vaha taba aaya jaba europesimwad apane sabse kharaab daur mein thaa. haalaanki way ack alp-gyaat poorv francisi vitt mantri they, unhone jeevan aur aashaa kii saans lii aur ee. see. aur nirash brussels aayog mein pravesh kiya. apane pahale karyakal mein, 1985 seey 1988 taka, unhone ekal bajar key ahwan key liye europe koo ekjut kiya, aur jaba dusare karyakal key liye niyukt kiya gayaa tou unhone aarthik, maudrik aur raajneetik sangh key kaheen adhik mahatvakankshi lakshyon kii or europeeya logon seey aagrah karna shuru curr diyaa.
jack santer.
dellers kaa uttaradhikari jacques saintar thaa. dhokhadhadi aur bhrashtachar ghotale key parinamswarup, poore saintar aayog koo 1999 mein sansad dwara istifa dene key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa; ack kendriya bhoomika edith cression dwara nibhai gaee thee. inn dhokhadhadi kaa khulasa ack aantarik lekha pareekshak, paul vaine butten ney kiya thaa.
yeh pahali baar thaa jaba ayukton key ack college koo "saamoohik roop seey" istifa dene key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa, aur sansad kii or shakti key badalaav kaa pratinidhitva kiya thaa. haalaanki, saintar aayog ney amsterdam aur euro kii sandhi parr kaam kiya. iss ghotale key jawab mein, europeeya dhokhadhadi virodhi karyalaya (olaf) banaaya gayaa thaa.
roman prody.
santer key baad, roman prody ney padbhar sambhala. amsterdam sandhi ney aayog kii shaktiyon mein vriddhi kii thee aur prody koo press dwara ack pradhaan mantri key samaan kuchh karaar diyaa gayaa thaa. shaktiyon koo phir seey majboot kiya gayaa; 2001 mein hastaaksharit achchi sandhi ney rashtrapatiyon koo ayukton key mahavidyalaya kii sanrachana parr adhik shakti dee.
jose manuel baroso.
jose manuel baroso 2004 mein rashtrapati baneh sansad ney ack baar phir baroso aayog kii prastaavit sadasyata parr apatti jataate hue khud koo majboot kiya. iss virodh key kaaran, baroso koo pada sambhaalane seey pahale apane college mein ferbadal karane key liye majboor honah padaa. 2004 mein 25 sadasyon taka vistaar key baad seey baroso aayog pahala poorna aayog bhee thaa; isaliye, prody aayog key anta mein ayukton kii sankhya 30 taka pahunch gaee thee. raajyon kii sankhya mein vriddhi key parinamswarup, amsterdam sandhi ney badey raajyon key liye dou key bajaay prati raajya ayukton kii sankhya mein kamee koo janm diyaa.
2004 mein poorv mukhya lekha pareekshak jools muse dwara dhokhadhadi aur bhrashtachar key aarop phir seey lagaae gaye they. ack aayog adhikaari, guido strack ney olaf koo varshon mein apane vibhaag mein kathit dhokhadhadi aur durvyavahar kii soochana dee, aur isake parinamswarup usey nikaal diyaa gayaa. 2008 mein, paul vaine buitten (poorv lekha pareekshak joe saintar commission ghotale seey jaane jaate hain) ney europeeya dhokhadhadi-rodhi karyalaya (olaf) parr swatantrata aur prabhavsheelta kii kamee kaa aarop lagaaya.
baroso kaa pahala commission karyakal 31 octuber 2009 koo samaapt hoe gayaa. achchi sandhi key tahat, sadasya raajyon kii sankhya 27 taka pahunchane key baad niyukt kiye jaane vaale pahale commission koo "sadasya raajyon kii sankhya seey cumm" karna hoga. europeeya parishad key sarvasammat mutt seey ayukton kii sateek sankhya kaa nirnay liya jaanaa thaa, aur sadasyata sadasya raajyon key beach samaan roop seey ghoomati thee. janwari 2007 mein romenia aur bulgaria key vilay key baad, yeh khand agale aayog key liye prabhaavi hoe gayaa. lisban kii sandhi, joe 1 disambar 2009 koo lagu hui, ney 2014 seey ayukton kii sankhya koo dou-tihai sadasya-raajyon taka cumm karna anivarya curr diyaa, jaba taka kii parishad anyatha nirnay naheen letee. sadasyata samaan roop seey ghoomati hogi aur kissy bhee sadasya raajya mein ack seey adhik aayukt naheen honge. haalaanki, sandhi koo 2008 mein ireland key matdaataon dwara aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen ack mukhya chinta unake aayukt kaa nuksan thaa. isaliye mutt key punah sanchaalan key liye ack guaranti dee gaee thee kii parishad ayukton kii sankhya koo oopar kii or sanshodhit karane key liye apani shakti kaa upayog karegi. haalaanki, sandhiyon key anusaar yeh abhee bhee sadasyon kii kull sankhya seey cumm honah chaahiye, iss prakaar yeh prastaav diyaa gayaa thaa kii jiss sadasya raajya koo aayukt naheen milata haye, usey uchch pratinidhi kaa pada milega-tathaakathit 26+1 sootra. iss guaranti (joe sambhavatah ack abhigam sandhi mein agale sandhi sanshodhan mein apana raasta khoj sakati haye) ney 2009 mein dusare janmat sangrah mein sandhi koo manjuri dene mein ayrish kaa yogdan diyaa.
lisban ney aam videsh aur suraksha neeti key liye parishad key uchch pratinidhi key saath videshi sambandhon key liye europeeya aayukt key padon koo bhee jodaa. yeh pada, aayog kaa upaadhyaksh bhee haye, europeeya sangh kii videsh mamalon kii baithakon kii parishad key saath-saath aayog key baahari sambandhon key kartavyon kii adhyakshata karega. sandhi mein aage yeh praavdhaan kiya gayaa haye kii europeeya aayog key adhyaksh kii niyukti karate samay sabse halia europeeya chunaavon koo "dhyaan mein rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye", aur halanki way abhee bhee europeeya parishad dwara prastaavit hain; europeeya sansad karyalaya key liye ummidvaaron koo "chunati haye", naa kii unhein achchi sandhi key tahat "manjuri" detee haye.
eurosepticism kii pratikriya mein, baroso aayog ney ekikaran badhaane key liye pravartan koo cumm karane key liye kahaa haye.
jeane-clod junker.
2014 mein, jeane-clod junker europeeya aayog key adhyaksh baney.
junker ney apane pichhale abhiyaan nideshak aur sankraman dall key pramukh, martin selmyer koo apane mantrimandal key pramukh key roop mein niyukt kiya. junker presidency key dauran selmyer koo "abb taka key sabse shaktishali europeeya sangh key pramukh key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye."
ursula wonn dair leyen.
2019 mein, ursula wonn dair lyon koo europeeya aayog key adhyaksh key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhone apani pushti key baad 16 julaai 2019 koo europeeya sansad mein apani neeti key dishanirdesh prastut kiye. unhein ack sambhaavit ummidwar naheen maanaa gayaa thaa (samanya roop seey, nirvaachit ummidwar koo europeeya chunaav key parinamon key anusaar, pramukh europeeya party mein aantarik chunaav key vijeta key roop mein nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye jise "spitzenkandidate" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye). jabaki europeeya peepuls party ney europeeya sansad kaa chunaav jeetaa thaa, unhone ummeed seey bhee kharaab pradarshan kiya thaa aur isaliye manfried webber key bajaay wonn dair leyen koo naamit kiya thaa, joe unakaa mool ummidwar thaa. 9 sitambar koo, europeeya sangh kii parishad ney ummidwar-ayukton kii ack soochi ghoshit kii, jinhen pratyek sadasya raajya kii sarkaaron dwara brussels koo bheja jaataa haye aur jinhen sansad dwara aadhikarik roop seey anumodit kiya jaanaa thaa.
shaktiyaan aur kaary.
aayog kii sthaapana shuru seey hii sarkaaron seey alag ack swatantra atirashtriya pradhikaran key roop mein kaary karane key liye kii gaee thee; ise "europeeya sochane key liye bhugtan kiya jaane vaalaa ekmatra nikaay" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. sadasyon koo unaki sadasya raajya sarkaaron dwara prastaavit kiya jaataa haye, pratyek mein seey ack. haalaanki, way swatantra roop seey kaary karane key liye baadhya hain-anya prabhaavon seey mukt jaise kii una sarkaaron seey jinhone unhein niyukt kiya thaa. yeh europeeya sangh kii parishad key vipareet haye, joe sarkaaron kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, europeeya sansad, joe nagrikon kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, aarthik aur samajik samiti, joe sangathit nagrik samaaj kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, aur kshetron kii samiti, joe sthaaniya aur kshetriya adhikaariyon kaa pratinidhitva karati haye.
aayog key madhyam seey kaee jimmedariyan hainh madhyam avadhi kii ranneetiyon koo vikasit karna; kaanoon kaa masauda banaana aur vidhaayi prakriya mein madhyasthata karna; vyaapaar vaartaon mein europeeya sangh kaa pratinidhitva karna; niyam aur vinium banaana, udaaharan key liye pratispardha neeti mein; europeeya sangh kaa bajat taiyar karna; aur sandhiyon aur kaanoon key karyanvayan kii jaanch karna. europeeya aayog kii prakriya key niyam aayog key sanchaalan aur sangathan koo nirdhaarit karate hain.
karyakari shakti.
lisban kii sandhi key lagu honey seey pahale, europeeya sangh kii karyakari shakti parishad key paas theeh yeh aayog koo iska prayog karane key liye aisee shaktiyan pradaan kartaa thaa. haalaanki, parishad koo inn shaktiyon koo vaapas lene, unakaa seedhe prayog karane yaa unake upayog parr shartein lagaane kii anumati dee gaee thee. iss pahalu koo lisban kii sandhi dwara badal diyaa gayaa haye, jisake baad aayog kewal sandhiyon key aadhar parr apani shaktiyon kaa prayog kartaa haye. adhikansh rashtriya adhikaariyon kii tulanaa mein shaktiyaan adhik pratibandhit hain, kuchh hudd taka videsh neeti jaise kshetron parr aayog kii shakti kii kamee key kaaran-vaha shakti europeeya sangh kii parishad aur europeeya parishad key paas haye, jise kuchh vishleshakon ney ack anya karyakari key roop mein varnit kiya haye.
lisban kii sandhi key tahat, europeeya parishad aayog kii niyukti kii shakti key saath ack aupchaarik sansthaan bunn gaee haye, yeh kahaa jaa sakata haye kii donon nikaayon key paas europeeya sangh kii karyakari shakti haye (europeeya parishad key paas vyaktigat rashtriya karyakari shaktiyan bhee hain). haalaanki, yeh aayog haye joe vartamaan mein europeeya sangh parr adhikansh karyakari shakti rakhta haye.
vidhaayi pahal.
aayog anya sansthanon seey iss mayane mein alag haye kii europeeya sangh mein akele isaki vidhaayi pahal haye. kewal aayog hii kaanoon key liye aupchaarik prastaav banaa sakata haih way vidhaayi shaakhaon mein utpann naheen hoe sakate hain. lisban kii sandhi key tahat, samanya videsh aur suraksha neeti key kshetra mein kissy bhee vidhaayi adhiniyam kii anumati naheen haye. anya kshetron mein, parishad aur sansad kaanoon banaane kaa anurodh curr sakate hain; adhikansh mamalon mein aayog inn prastaavon key aadhar parr shuruat kartaa haye. iss ekadhikar koo europeeya sangh key kaanoon kaa samanvit aur susangat masauda taiyar karane key liye banaaya gayaa haye. iss ekadhikar koo kuchh logon dwara chunauti dee gaee haye joe daavaa karate hain kii sansad koo bhee adhikaar honah chaahiye, adhikansh rashtriya sansadon key paas kuchh mamalon mein adhikaar haye. haalaanki, parishad aur sansad aayog seey kaanoon kaa masauda taiyar karane kaa anurodh curr sakati haye, halanki aayog key paas aisaa karane seey incar karane kii shakti haye jaisa kii usane 2008 mein antarrashtriya saamoohik sammelanon mein kiya thaa. lisban sandhi key tahat, europeeya sangh key nagrik bhee ack million hastakshar vaali yachika key madhyam seey ack kshetra mein kaanoon banaane key liye aayog seey anurodh karane mein saksham hain, lekin yeh badhyakari naheen haye.
kaanoon kaa prastaav karane mein aayog kii shaktiyaan aamtaur parr aarthik viniyaman parr kendrit hoti hain. isane "ehatiyaati siddhant" key aadhar parr badee sankhya mein niyam banaae hain. iska matlab haye kii yadi paryaavaran yaa maanav swaasthya key liye koee vishvasaniya khatra haih udaaharan key liye jalavaayu parivartan seey nipatane aur aanuvanshik roop seey sanshodhit jeevon koo pratibandhit karane parr poorv-nivaarak viniyaman hotaa haye. europeeya aayog ney europeeya sangh key sadasya raajyon koo 2050 taka carbon tatasthata key liye pratibaddh kiya haye. yeh arthavyavastha parr unake prabhaav key liye bhaarit niyamon kaa virodh haye. iss prakaar, aayog aksar anya deshon kii tulanaa mein sakht kaanoon kaa prastaav rakhta haye. europeeya bajar key aakar key kaaran, isane europeeya sangh key kaanoon koo vaishvik bajar mein ack mahatvapurna prabhaav banaa diyaa haye.
haal hii mein aayog ney europeeya aaparaadhik kaanoon banaane kii disha mein kadam badhaaya haye. 2006 mein, ack europeeya jahaaj seey coat dee 'vivoire key tata parr ack vishaakt apashisht key risaav ney aayog koo vishaakt apashisht key khilaf kaanoon banaane key liye prerit kiya. usa samay kuchh europeeya sangh key raajyon mein vishaakt apashisht key parivahan key khilaf koee aparaadh bhee naheen thaa; isake kaaran ayukton franco fratini aur stavros dimas ney "paaristhitik apraadhon" key vichaar koo aage rakhaa. aaparaadhik kaanoon kaa prastaav karane key unake adhikaar koo europeeya nyayalaya mein chunauti dee gaee thee lekin ise barkarar rakhaa gayaa thaa. 2007 taka, kewal anya aaparaadhik kaanoon prastaav joe aage laae gaye hain, way bauddhik sampada adhikaar nirdesh parr hain, aur 2002 key aatankvaad-rodhi dhaanche key nirnay mein sanshodhan, aatankvaad seey sambandhit ukasaave, bharti (vishesh roop seey internet key madhyam seey) aur prashikshan koo gairkaanooni ghoshit karna haye.
pravartan.
ack baar parishad aur sansad dwara kaanoon paarit honey key baad, ise lagu karna sunishchit karna aayog kii jimmedaari haye. yeh sadasya raajyon key madhyam seey yaa apani agencies key madhyam seey aisaa kartaa haye. aavashyak takniki upaayon koo apanaane mein, aayog koo sadasya raajyon key pratinidhiyon aur saarvajanik aur niji lobby (ack prakriya jise "commitology" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) seey bunny samitiyon dwara sahaayata pradaan kii jaati haye. isake alawa, aayog ee. yuu. bajat key karyanvayan key liye jimmedaar haye, yeh sunishchit karate hue kii lekha parikshakon kii adalat key saath, ee. yuu. fund sahee tareeke seey kharch kiya jaae.
vishesh roop seey aayog kaa kartavya yeh sunishchit karna haye kii sandhiyon aur kaanoon koo barkarar rakhaa jaae, sambhaavit roop seey sadasya raajyon yaa anya sansthanon koo kissy vivaad mein nyaay kii adalat mein leey jaakar. iss bhoomika mein ise anaupchaarik roop seey "sandhiyon key sanrakshak" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. anta mein, aayog sadasya raajyon aur vishva vyaapaar sangathan jaise nikaayon mein sangh kaa pratinidhitva karane vaali samanya videsh aur suraksha neeti key saath-saath sangh key liye kuchh baahari pratinidhitva pradaan kartaa haye. rashtrapati key liye jee7 kii baithakon mein bhaag lena bhee samanya haye.
college.
aayog adhyaksh aur upadhyakshon sahit sadasyon key "ayukton" key ack mahavidyalaya seey banaa haye. bhale hii pratyek sadasya koo rashtriya sarkaaron dwara diye gaye sujhaavon key aadhar parr naamit kiya jaataa haye, prati raajya ack, way aayog mein apane raajya kaa pratinidhitva naheen karate hain. haalaanki, vyavhaar mein, way kabhi-kabhi apane rashtriya hita key liye dabaav daalate hain. ack baar prastaavit honey parr, rashtrapati pratyek sadasya key beach vibhagon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. ack aayukt kii shakti kaafee hudd taka unake portfolio parr nirbhar karati haye, aur samay key saath bhinn hoe sakati haye. udaaharan key liye, europeeya neeti-nirmaan mein shiksha aur sanskriti key mahatva mein vriddhi key anuroop, shiksha aayukt kaa mahatva badh rhaa haye. ack anya udaaharan pratispardha aayukt haye, joe vaishvik pahunch key saath atyadhik drishyamaan sthiti rakhta haye. aayog key padbhar grahan karane seey pahale, poore college koo sansad dwara anumodit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. ayukton koo unake vyaktigat mantrimandal dwara samarthan diyaa jaataa haye joe unhein raajneetik margadarshan dete hain, jabaki sivil seva (dee. jee., neeche dekhein) takniki taiyari seey nipatati haye.
niyukti.
navintam sansadiya chunaavon (sabse badee party key kissy bhee vyakti koo chunaa jaa sakata haye) koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, aayog key adhyaksh koo pahale europeeya parishad dwara ack yogya bahumat vote (kyu. aim. vee.) key baad prastaavit kiya jaataa haye; usa ummidwar koo taba europeeya sansad mein ack aupchaarik chunaav kaa saamana karna padata haye. iss prakaar yeh apratyaksh chunaav key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. yadi europeeya sansad ummidwar kaa chunaav karane mein whiffle rahati haye, tou europeeya parishad ack maheene key bheetar ack aur prastaav rakhegi.
rashtrapati key chayan aur europeeya parishad dwara uchch pratinidhi kii niyukti key baad, pratyek aayukt koo unake sadasya raajya dwara naamit kiya jaataa haye (una raajyon koo chhodkar jinhone rashtrapati aur uchch pratinidhi pradaan kiye they) aayog key adhyaksh key paramarsh seey, joe vibhagon key aavantan key liye jimmedaar hain. rashtrapati key prastaavit college off commissioner taba europeeya sansad mein sunavaai key adheen hotey hain joe unase sawal karega aur phir samagr roop seey unaki upayuktata parr matdan karega. yadi europeeya sansad kissy ummidwar kii nakaratmak raay prastut karati haye, tou rashtrapati koo yaa tou unhein ferbadal karna chaahiye yaa europeeya sansad dwara college kii poorna asweekriti seey bachane key liye sadasya raajya seey ack nae ummidwar kaa anurodh karna chaahiye. ack baar jaba college koo sansad dwara anumodit kiya jaataa haye, tou ise europeeya parishad dwara kyu. aim. vee. vote key baad aupchaarik roop seey niyukt kiya jaataa haye.
mahavidyalaya kii niyukti key baad, adhyaksh ayukton mein seey kaee upadhyakshon (uchch pratinidhi koo unamen seey ack honah anivarya haye) kii niyukti kartaa haye. adhikansh bhaag key liye, pada upadhyakshon koo bahut cumm atirikt shakti pradaan kartaa haye, sivaay pahale upaadhyaksh key joe rashtrapati key liye khade hotey hain jaba way door hotey hain.
barkhastagi.
europeeya sansad avishvaas key vote key baad college off commissioner koo poori tarah seey bhang curr sakati haye, jisake liye dou-tihai vote kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
kewal rashtrapati hii ack vyaktigat aayukt key istife kaa anurodh curr sakata haye. haalaanki, vyaktigat ayukton koo, parishad yaa aayog key anurodh seey, daayitva (oun) key ullanghan key kaaran sevaanivritt honey key liye majboor kiya jaa sakata haye aur yadi aisaa europeeya nyayalaya dwara (kalaa) kiya jaataa haye. 245 aur 247, europeeya sangh key kamkaj parr sandhi).
raajneetik shailiyaan.
sansad kii apattiyon key kaaran deree honey key baad 2004 key anta mein baroso aayog ney padbhar sambhala, jisake kaaran ferbadal karna padaa. 2007 mein aayog 25 seey badhkar 27 hoe gayaa aur romenia aur bulgaria key vilay key saath pratyek ney apane-apane aayukt niyukt kiye. aayog key badhate aakar key saath, baroso ney college parr niyantran kii ack adhik rashtrapati shally koo apanaaya, jisase unhein kuchh aalochana kaa saamana karna padaa.
haalaanki, baroso key tahat, aayog ney badey sadasya raajyon key saamane apana aadhar khona shuru curr diyaa kyonki france, britten aur germany jaise deshon ney apani bhoomika koo darkinar karane kii maang kii. lisban kii sandhi key tahat europeeya parishad key adhyaksh key nirmaan key saath yeh badh gayaa haye. aayog key bheetar adhik rajneetikaran bhee huaa haye.
prashaasan.
aayog koo mahanideshakon (dee. jee. aiss.) key roop mein jaane jaane vaale vibhagon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye, jinaki tulanaa vibhagon yaa mantralayon seey kii jaa sakati haye. pratyek mein ack vishisht neetigat kshetra jaise krishi yaa nyaay aur nagrikon key adhikaar yaa aantarik sevaaen jaise maanav sansaadhan aur anuvaad shamil hain aur iska netritva ack mahanideshak kartaa haye joe ack aayukt key liye jimmedaar hotaa haye. ack aayukt key portfolio koo kaee dee. jee. dwara samarthit kiya jaa sakata haye; way unake liye prastaav taiyar karate hain aur yadi ayukton key bahumat seey prastaavon koo manjuri mill jaati haye tou vichaar key liye sansad aur parishad koo aage badhaate hain. aayog kii sivil seva kaa netritva ack mahasachiv kartaa haye. vartamaan mein yeh pada ilje juhanson key paas haye. europeeya aayog kii prakriya key niyam aayog key sanchaalan aur sangathan koo nirdhaarit karate hain.
kaee logon kii or seey aalochana kii gaee haye kii atyadhik khandit dee. jee. sanrachana maidan yuddhon mein kaafee samay barbad karati haye kyonki vibhinn vibhaag aur aayukt ack-dusare key saath pratispardha karate hain. isake alawa, dee. jee. ack aayukt parr kaafee niyantran rakh sakate hain, jisamen aayukt key paas apane karmchaariyon parr niyantran rakhane key liye bahut cumm samay hotaa haye.
aayog dwara prakaashit aankadon key anusaar, sitambar 2012 mein aayog dwara 23,803 vyaktiyon koo adhikaariyon aur asthaayi agents key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. inke alawa, 9230 "baahari karmchari" (udaa.jee. anubandh agent, alag-thalag rashtriya visheshagya, yuva visheshagya, prashikshu aadi.) kaaryarat they. anuvaad key liye sabse badaa ekal mahanideshak nideshalaya haye, jisamen 2309-majboot karmchari hain, jabaki rashtriyata key hisab seey sabse badaa samooh belgium (18.7%) haye, shayed desh mein bahusankhyak (17,664) karmchaariyon key honey key kaaran.
press karein.
press key saath sanchaar koo mahanideshalaya sanchaar dwara sambhala jaataa haye. aayog key mukhya pravakta erich mamar hain joe dopahar kii press briefing karate hain, jinhen aamtaur parr "midade press" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh harr saptah berlemont mein aayog key press kaksh mein hotaa haye jahan patrakaar kissy bhee vishay parr aayog key adhikaariyon seey sawal poochh sakate hain aur vaidh roop seey live tv key liye "onn dha record" jawab praapt karane kii ummeed curr sakate hain. aisee sthiti duniya mein advitiya haye.
sanchaar key liye mahanideshalaya key ack abhinn anga key roop mein, pravakta kii seva, rashtrapati key mantrimandal mein karyakari sanchaar salaahkaar key saath samanvaya mein, rashtrapati aur ayukton kaa samarthan karati haye taaki way prabhaavi dhang seey samvaad curr sakein. raajneetik sanchaar mamalon parr, mukhya pravakta seedhe europeeya aayog key adhyaksh koo report kartaa haye.
ack shodhkarta ney yeh nott kiya haye kii aayog dwara jaari press vigyapti vishisht roop seey raajneetik haye. ack release aksar masauda taiyar karane key kaee charanon seey gujarati haye joe aayog kii bhoomika parr jore detee haye aur iska upayog "eu aur aayog koo uchit thaharaane key liye" unaki lambai aur jatilata koo badhaane key liye kiya jaataa haye. jahan kaee vibhaag shamil hain, vahaan ack press vigyapti aayog key kshetron aur swayam ayukton key beach pratispardha kaa srot bhee hoe sakati haye. yeh asamanya roop seey adhik sankhya mein press vigyapti kii or bhee leey jaataa haye, aur ise europeeya sangh key raajneetik dhaanche key ack advitiya utpaad key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye.
washington kii tulanaa mein brussels mein ack badaa press core haye.see.2020 mein, pratyek sangh sadasya-raajya mein media outlets mein ack brussels samvaadaata thaa. haalaanki duniya bhar mein patrakaron kii sankhya mein katauti kii gaee haye, lekin upgrah aur europaraltivi dwara europe jaisi kaafee press vigyapti aur sanchaalan kaee samachar sangathanon koo yeh vishvaas dilaate hain kii way inn sroton aur samachar agencies seey europeeya sangh koo cover curr sakate hain. uchch-stariya aalochana key bavjood, aayog ney 20 disambar 2013 koo preciurope koo bund curr diyaa.
vaidhata aur aalochana.
choonki aayog karyakari shakha haye, isaliye ummidvaaron koo rashtriya sarkaaron dwara vyaktigat roop seey chunaa jaataa haye. europeeya sangh key bheetar, aayog kii vaidhata mukhya roop seey europeeya sansad seey aavashyak anumodan key vote seey praapt hoti haye, saath hii saath nikaay koo khariz karane kii apani shakti bhee hoti haye. isaliye euroseptics ney 1999 key baad seey europeeya sansad key chunaavon mein apekshaakrit cumm matdan (aksar 50 pratishat seey cumm) kii chinta jataai haye. jabaki yeh aankada sanyukt raajya congress key off-ear chunaavon sahit kuchh rashtriya chunaavon kii tulanaa mein adhik hoe sakata haye, yeh tathya kii aayog key adhyaksh key pada key liye koee pratyaksh chunaav naheen hain, kuchh euroseptics kii nazar mein sthiti kii vaidhata parr sawal uthaate hain. yeh tathya kii aayog seedhe nirnay leey sakata haye (halanki vishesh roop seey gathit 'commitology samitiyon' seey nireekshan key saath) kaanoon koo lagu karane key aakar aur charitra parr loktaantrik vaidhata key baare mein chintaon koo aur badhaata haye.
bhale hii loktaantrik sanrachanaaen aur tareeke badal rahey hain, lekin europeeya nagrik samaaj banaane mein aisaa koee darpan naheen haye. lisban kii sandhi aayog parr adhik loktaantrik niyantran banaane mein kathit ghaate koo hull karane key liye kissy tarah seey jaa sakati haye, jisamen aayog key adhyaksh key chayan key liye chunaavon koo jodane kii prakriya koo shamil karna shamil haye. aitihaasik roop seey, aayog koo vaastav mein ack takniki visheshagya nikaay key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, joe swatantra kendriya bainkon jaise sansthanon key samaan, neeti key takniki kshetron seey sambandhit haye aur isaliye ise party kii rajneeti seey hataa diyaa jaanaa chaahiye. iss drishtikon seey, chunavi dabaav ack swatantra niyaamak key roop mein aayog kii bhoomika koo kamjor curr dega. aayog key rakshak bataate hain kii kaanoon koo sabhi kshetron (sadasya raajyon key mantriyon) mein parishad dwara anumodit kiya jaanaa chaahiye aur adhikansh kshetron mein europeeya sansad dwara ise apanaaya jaanaa chaahiye, iss prakaar kaanoon kii raashi joe kissy bhee ack desh mein binaa manjuri key apnai jaati haye.
2009 mein europeeya lokpal ney europeeya sangh key sansthanon key khilaf nagrikon kii shikayaton key aankade prakaashit kiye, jinamen seey adhikansh ney aayog (66 pratishat) key khilaf daayar kiye aur paardarshita kii kamee (36 pratishat) key baare mein bataaya. 2010 mein aayog parr ee. yuu. jaiv eendhan neeti parr dastavejon taka pahunch koo avaruddh karane key liye mukadama daayar kiya gayaa thaa. yeh taba huaa jaba media ney aayog parr jaiv eendhan subsidy key khilaf vaigyaanik sakshya koo avaruddh karane kaa aarop lagaaya. aantarik aur swatantra lekha pariksha sangathanon dwara kaee reports mein paardarshita kii kamee, aspasht pairavi karane vaale sambandh, hiton key takraav aur aayog key atyadhik kharch koo ujagar kiya gayaa thaa. vishesh roop seey microsoft key sambandh mein isase sambandhit muddon parr bhee isaki aalochana kii gaee haye.
sitambar 2020 mein, europeeya aayog ney europeeya sangh mein sanrachanaatmak naslavaad seey nipatane key liye ack naslavaad virodhi kaary yojana pesh kii, jisamen brussels mein europeeya nirnay nirmaataon key beach nasleeya vividhata kii kamee koo door karane key upaay shamil hain, jaisa kii #brusselssowhite andolan dwara ninda kii gaee haye.
pahal.
aatankvaad virodhi.
europeeya aayog ney octuber 2017 mein jaari apane aatankvaad-rodhi package key hisse key roop mein rasayanik, javic, radiological aur paramanu (see. bee. aar. aine.) suraksha jokhimon key khilaf taiyari badhaane key liye ack kaary yojana banaai haye. haal key dinon mein europe mein see. bee. aar. aine. hamalon key khatare key star mein vriddhi dekhi gaee haye. united kingdam kii swaasthya suraksha agency mein aapaatkaaleen taiyari aur pratikriya kendra key nideshak steven neville chatfield ney kahaa kii europeeya aayog kii taiyari yojana mahatvapurna haye. pahali baar, europeeya aayog ney prastaav diyaa kii see. bee. aar. aine. hamale key khatron key liye chikitsa taiyari ack uchch prathamikta haye. "see. bee. aar. aine. suraksha jokhimon key khilaf taiyari badhaane key liye europeeya aayog (ee. see.) kii kaary yojana octuber 2017 mein jaari kiye gaye isake aatankvaad-rodhi package kaa hissa haye, jiska uddeshya europeeya sangh (ee. yuu.) key 27 sadasya raajyon mein 511 million seey adhik nagrikon kii behtar suraksha karna haye."
covid-19 pratikriya.
europeeya aayog ney covid-19 vaccine vikas key liye dhana jutaane key liye 4 maee 2020 koo vishva netaaon kaa ack video sammelan aayojit kiya. 8 arab dollar jutaaye gaye. sanyukt raajya america ney iss video sammelan mein shamil honey yaa dhana kaa yogdan karane seey incar curr diyaa.
europeeya aayog ney farwari 2020 mein nagrik aur aarthik vikas key laabh key liye europeeya sangh key samaaj key sabhi pahaluon key digitalikaran koo badhaava dene key liye ack naee bahu-varsheeya detta yojana jaari kii.
iss detta ranneeti kaa lakshya detta key liye ack ekal bajar banaana haye jisamen detta gopaniyata aur detta sanrakshan key liye poorna sammaan banaae rakhate hue europeeya sangh aur sabhi kshetron mein pravaahit hotaa haye, jahaan pahunch niyam uchit hain, aur jahaan europeeya arthavyavastha koo ack vaishvik khilaadi key roop mein bahut laabh hotaa haye.
sthaan.
aayog mukhya roop seey brussels mein sthit haye, jisamen rashtrapati kaa karyalaya aur berlemont bhawan kii 13veen manjil parr aayog kaa baithak kaksh haye. aayog brussels aur luxemberg shahar mein kaee anya imaraton seey bhee kaam kartaa haye. jaba sansad strasberg mein baithak curr rahee hoti haye, tou aayukt sansad kii bahason mein bhaag lene key liye winston churchill bhawan mein bhee milate hain. aayog key sadasya aur unake "cabinet" (tatkaal dall) bhee brussels mein berlemont bhawan mein sthit hain. isake alawa, europeeya aayog key paas inn-house vaigyaanik suvidhaaen hain joe iska samarthan karati hainh ispra, itali; petten, neetherland; karlsruhe, germany; geel, belgium aur seville, spen. grange, county maith, ireland mein ack commission site haye joe dee. jee. sainte key hisse kii mejbani karati haye.

