
otto hardwick

otto james "toby" hardwick (31 maee, 1904-5 agast, 1970) duke ellinton seey judey ack americi saxophone khilaadi they.
jeevani.
hardwick ney 14 saal kii umr mein string baas parr kaam karna shuru kiya, phir see melody saxophone mein chaley gaye aur anta mein aulto saxophone parr buss gaye. duke ellinton key bachpan key dost, hardwick washington, dee mein ellinton key pahale baind mein shamil hoe gaye. see. 1919 mein hardwick ney murey key casino mein benzoist elmer snoden key liye bhee kaam kiya.
1923 mein, ellinton, hardwick, snoden, trumpetter arther wheatsall aur drummer soney greer koo newyork shahar mein washington key logon key roop mein safalata millie. paise parr asahamati key baad, snoden koo baind seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa aur duke ellinton koo nae netaa key roop mein chunaa gayaa.
unhein teen saal key liye kentucky club naamak ack samay vargakar nightspot mein book kiya gayaa thaa, jahan way irving milon seey mille, jinhone ellinton key sangeet kaa nirmaan aur prakaashan kiya.
1920 key dashak mein hardwick kabhi-kabhi violine aur string baas parr doguna hoe jaataa thaa, lekin aulto sax parr visheshagyata praapt kartaa thaa. unhone clarinet aur baas, barritone aur soprano sax bhee bajaaye.
hardwick ney 1928 mein duke ellinton baind koo europe jaane key liye chhod diyaa, jahan unhone kuleen sisl, sidney becket aur nekka shau key orchestra key saath khela, aur 1929 mein newyork shahar lautane seey pahale apane swayam key orchestra kaa netritva kiya.
unhone chick web (1929) key saath ack sankshipt karyakal kiya, phir hott feat club mein apane swayam key baind kaa netritva kiya, jisamen fats waller ney lay khand (1930) kaa netritva kiya, 1932 key vasant mein duke ellinton mein phir seey shamil honey seey pahale small mein netritva kiya, elmer snoden key saath ack sankshipt karyakal key baad.
unhone 1932 seey 1946 taka adhikansh elton nambaron parr leed aulto khela, lekin unhein shayed hii kabhi ekal kalakar key roop mein sunaa gayaa kyonki johnny hodge ney kaee aulto solo kaa pradarshan kiya. apavaad hainh "kaalaa aur tunn kalpana", "ack bhaavnaatmak manodasha mein" aur "parishkrit mahila". hardwick, apane malaidar swar key saath, ellinton orchestra key reed section mein lagbhag hamesha pramukh thaa, sivaay kuchh sthitiyon key jahaan ellinton koo kalakaron key samooh key swar koo nirdhaarit karane key liye johnny hodges key alto key adhik cutting tone kii aavashyakta thee. hardwick key jaane key baad (aur russell prokop dwara pratisthaapit) jald hii johnny hodge key liye samooh kii aguvaai karane key saath-saath aulto sax parr solo kaa shher kaa hissa lena bhee samanya hoe gayaa.
hardwick maee 1946 taka ellinton key saath rahey, jaba unhone hardwick kii premika key prati ellinton kii napsand key kaaran baind chhod diyaa. agale varsh hardwick thode samay key liye ack swatantra vyakti bunn gayaa, aur phir sangeet seey sevaanivritt hoe gayaa.
ellinton kii apani jeevani mein, lekhak james linken collier ney kahaa kii "bhaavnaatmak manodasha mein", "parishkrit mahila", aur "chumban kii prastaavana" hardwick dhunon key anukoolan hain.