
itihas key liye ack mahaan vyakti

compagny general day laa telegraphy sains phil (see. aiss. aff.: general wireless telegraph company) ack francisi company thee jisaki sthaapana 1918 mein society fraansis radio-alectric (aiss. aff. aar.) key punargathan aur vistaar key dauran kii gaee thee, joe ack sahayak company bunn gaee. company ney radio-telegraphy, radio karyakram prasaran, radar, television aur anya anuprayogon key liye praudyogiki vikasit kii. isane prasaran aur telegraph sevaaen pradaan keen, aur poore francisi aupaniveshik samrajya aur duniya key kaee anya hisson mein apane upkaran beche. 1968 mein see. aiss. aff. kaa thomson-brand key saath vilay curr thomson-see. aiss. aff. banaaya gayaa.
prishthabhoomi.
19veen shatabdi key madhya seey duniya telegraph taaron aur pandubbi kebalon key badhate ghaney network seey judee hui thee.
1887 mein germany key heinrich heartz ney vidyut chumbakiya tarangon key astitva koo nirnaayak roop seey saabit curr diyaa. roose key alekjendar stepnovic popov ney radio tarangon koo prasaarit karane aur praapt karane key liye antena vikasit kiye.
edord branley aur nikola tesla jaise vaigyaanikon ney bhee avadhaaranaon key vikas mein yogdan diyaa. 1895 mein bologna vishvavidyalaya key ack chhaatr guglielmo marconi ney wireless telegraph kaa aavishkaar kiya.
1897 mein unhone ingland mein wireless telegraph aind signal company kii sthaapana kii. isaki sahayak company marconi wireless telegraph company off america kaa gathan 1899 mein america mein kiya gayaa thaa.
telefuncan company koo 1903 mein germany mein seamens aur aeye. ee. jee. key sanyukt udyam key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa.
france mein engineer kaptan gustaav-august feriye (1868-1932) ney senaa key liye wireless telegraph parr kaam karane key liye ack team ekatra kii. feriye ney martinic mein mount pelly key jwalamukhi visfot key dauran sarkaar koo radio telegraph key moolya kaa pradarshan kiya, aur ephil tower key shikhar parr antena rakhane kaa moolya dikhaaya.
1908 mein yuva polytechnic emil girardo feriye kii team mein shamil hoe gaye.
girardo aur vaigyaanik joseph bethanode ney sainya aur nagrik radio sanchaar aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane key liye ack francisi company khojane kaa faisala kiya.
radio-electronic (1910-19).
society franchise radio-electric (aiss. aff. aar.) 3 aprail 1910 koo shuru kiya gayaa thaa.
aiss. aff. aar. key vikas mein paul brenot kaa mahatvapurna yogdan thaa.
bethanode kii naee takneekon kaa upayog ushnakatibandhiya mein pahale radiotegraph link mein kiya gayaa thaa, joe brazzaville aur loango key beach thaa.
isake kaaran belgium, mexico, turkey, bulgaria, serbia, itali, roose aur chean seey aiss. aff. aar. upkaranon key liye order mille.
1910 aur 1914 key beach aiss. aff. aar. ney sangeet aavritti anunaad ulternator vikasit kiye, belgium congo aur roose mein station sthaapit kiye, feeled transmitter vikasit kiye jinhen kaar yaa khachchar dwara leey jaaya jaa sakata thaa, jinka pareekshan balkan yuddhon mein kiya gayaa thaa, aur havaai jahaajon, havaai jahaajon, yuddhpoton, machhali pakadane vaali naukaaon aur yatri naukaaon parr pahale transmitter sthaapit kiye gaye they.
pratham vishva yuddh (1914-18) radio anusandhaan koo protsaahit kartaa haye.
serbia aur romenia dwara nae stations kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa.
francisi nausena ney dou chaap samvaahak aur ack spark samvaahak key saath bases-laind (mastishk, loyer-atlantic) mein ack badey kendra kaa nirmaan kiya.
aiss. aff. aar. ney 5 kilowatt seey adhik bijli key saath 65 sthir station, 18,000 vimaan station, jahaajon parr 300 station aur vaahanon parr 300 mobile station vitarit kiye.
bethanode prakriya kaa upayog karke nirantar tarangen pradaan karane vaali ack naee machine lyon laa daua station parr sthaapit kii gaee thee.
gathan (1918-19).
1918 mein aiss. aff. aar. kii safalata aur bainke dee peris aitt days pays-baas (bee. pee. pee. bee.) key netritva mein niveshakon kii pahal aur atlantic paar telegraph lines kaa sanchaalan karane vaale compagny frankage days seables telegraphics (see. aff. tii.) sahit, key kaaran compagny general day laa telegraphy sains fill (see. aiss. aff.) kaa nirmaan huaa thaa.
baink key liye ack laabh yeh thaa kii usane sahyogiyon dwara jabt kii gaee german sampattiyon key adhikaaron kaa upayog karane kii anumati dee.
emil girardo ney see. aiss. aff. kaa netritva kiya, joe ack holding company thee jisamen radio telegraph key liye aiss. aff. aar. shamil thee aur radio telegraph yatayat, samudri radio aur radio prasaran key prabandhan key liye anya sahayak companiyan theen.
1919 mein aiss. aff. aar. ney peris key uttar-paschim mein levlois-peret mein ack karkhana banaaya.
paul brenot ney aiss. aff. aar. key takniki nideshak banane key liye senaa chhod dee.
bee. pee. pee. bee. aur see. aiss. aff. holding company key beach majboot vittiya sambandh they, lekin bee. pee. pee. bee. kii sahayak companiyon key saath jyada bhagidari naheen thee, jisake liye see. aiss. aff. ney banker kii bhoomika nibhai. 
csf rajaswa mool company dwara aayojit patent key dohan key liye sahayak companiyon dwara bhugtan kii gaee royalty seey aaya thaa.
labhansh cumm rhaa.
see. aiss. aff. ney kendriya star parr ack samanya shodh prayogshala kaa prabandhan kiya, aur samooh mein sabhi patent rakhe.
antar-yuddh avadhi (1919-39).
csf ney yuva bhautikavidon koo aakarshak vetan aur suvidhaaen deen joe shaikshanik pada praapt naheen curr sakey. inmein yaves rocard (1903-1992) shamil they, joe 1928 mein radiotechnic mein shamil hue aur morris ponte (1902-1983), joe 1929 mein shamil hue. rocard aur ponte donon peris mein ikole normal superior key snaatak they. yaves rocard ney baad mein france key paramanu bumm key vikas mein yogdan diyaa. ponte koo aiss. aff. aar. vacuum tube vibhaag aur samanya anusandhaan prayogshala key prabhaari key roop mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur electronics aur vidyut chumbakiya vikiran anusandhaan mein sahaayata key liye bhautikavidon koo kaam parr rakhane mein unhein ack swatantra haath diyaa gayaa thaa.
1925 mein see. aiss. aff. samooh mein lagbhag 1,600 karmchari they.
1935 taka yeh 4,900 karmchaariyon taka badh gayaa thaa, jisamen radio takneek key karyabal bhee shamil they, joe usa samay sanyukt roop seey phillips key swaamitva mein thaa.
1935 mein raajya koo aavashyak thaa kii usake sabse mahatvapurna aapurtikartaon key paas lloyer key dakshin mein suvidhaaen houn, aur aiss. aff. aar. koo chollet, maine-aitt-lloyer mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa.
cholet sanyantra, joe mukhya levlois karkhane key liye ack upa-anubandh sanyantra thaa, prashaasnik, takniki aur pareekshan sevaaon kii poori shrinkhala key saath ack swaayatt suvidha bunn gayaa.
yeh 1937 mein 25 shramikon seey badhkar 1957 mein 1,250 hoe gayaa, jiska kshetrafal thaa.
antar-yuddh avadhi key dauran german telefuncan, british marconi, americi aar. see. aeye. aur francisi see. aiss. aff. pratispardha seey bachane key liye ack gutt key roop mein kaam karate they.
radio aavrittiyon key upayog koo viniyamit karane seey sambandhit antarrashtriya prasaran sangh kii baithakon key dauran company key netaaon ney patent key cross-licency aur bajar koo taraashane key liye samjhaute kiye.
see. aiss. aff. key mukhya bajar france, francisi aupaniveshik samrajya, serbia, argentine aur chilly they. 
madhya poorv, chean japan aur ussr mein bhee csf kii shaakhaaen theen.
radio prasaran sevaayen.
radio praudyogiki koo badhaava dene mein madad karane key liye, 19 octuber 1920 koo pada aur telegraph key liye raajya sachiv ney france seey sabhi antarrashtriya radio link banaane aur sanchaalit karane key liye see. aiss. aff. koo riyayat dee.
company kii shuruati uplabdhiyon mein seey ack melun key paas apane sahayak radio-france key madhyam seey sente-esses long-wave transmission station kaa nirmaan thaa.
aathh towers ney chaar 500 kilowatt ulternator dwara diye gaye dou antena koo samarthan diyaa.
station ney 1922 mein sanchaalan mein pravesh kiya.
laghu tarang sancharan, joe ionmondal dwara pratibimbit hotey hain, aam taur parr antarmahadvipiya sancharan key liye ack behtar samadhan hotey hain, lekin mausam aur ionmondal mein bhinnataon key prati samvedansheel hotey hain.
vishal sent-esses sthaapana aapaat sthitiyon key liye upayogi rahee.
radio-france kii sahayak company ney 1921 mein 1920 mein hastaaksharit 30 saal kii raajya riyayat key tahat europe, america aur sudur poorv mein prasaran shuru kiya.
society radio-oriented ack sahayak company thee joe nikat poorv mein isi tarah kii seva pradaan karati thee.
levlois-peret mein sthit aiss. aff. aar. ney juuna 1922 mein prayogaatmak prasaran shuru kiya.
31 octuber 1922 koo ise niyamit karyakramon koo prasaarit karane key liye adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa, iss praavdhaan key saath kii vigyaapan kii anumati naheen thee.
levlois seey radiola station kaa pahala prasaran navambar 1922 kii shuruat mein kiya gayaa thaa.
radiola pahala francisi niji radio prasaran station thaa. 1924 mein iska naam badalkar radio-peris curr diyaa gayaa.
clitch, tolus, algiers, ankara, tunis, renes, lilly aur strasberg mein atirikt radio prasaran station banaae gaye.
1933 mein raajneetik dabaav key kaaran radiola koo raajya koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa.
radio upkaran.
csf ney shaukinon aur peshevaron donon key liye radio swaagat aur prasaran upkaran kaa nirmaan kiya.
radio samudri sahayak ney vyaapaari jahaajon koo upkaran pradaan kiye.
radiotechnic sahayak company kaa gathan 1919 mein apane sures sanyantra mein electronic sancharan aur reception tubes key anusandhaan aur vikas key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
radiola" trademark kaa upayog radio takneek dwara utpaadit radio receivers key saath-saath radio station key liye bhee kiya jaataa thaa.
halanki france mahaan avasaad seey turant prabhaavit naheen huaa thaa, see. aiss. aff. ney 1929 mein prabhaav mahsoos kiya kyonki radio prasaran mukhya roop seey vaishvik vaanijyik gatividhi kaa parinam thaa.
1929 mein isane shaukiya upkaran nirmaan koo apani radio takneek sahayak company mein vilay curr diyaa aur neetherland key phillips key saath ack samjhauta kiya jisake tahat csf apani shaukiya upkaran line koo chhod dega aur phillips peshevar upkaranon parr pratispardha naheen karega.
phillips ney radiotechnic key aadhe share khareede, lekin vyavhaar mein sahayak company koo poori tarah seey niyantrit kiya.
1930 mein shaukiya receiving stations key liye bajar mein visfot huaa.
csf ney peshevar kshetra mein apani sthiti koo majboot karane key liye sheyaron kii bikri aur radio takneek mein apani hissedari kaa upayog kiya.
peshevar electronic tubes key vikas aur nirmaan koo sures seey levlois mein aiss. aff. aar. sanyantra mein sthanantarit kiya gayaa thaa.
1937 key anta mein, aiss. aff. aar. mein mauris ellie ney puls-modulating transmitter tubes kaa ack saadhan vikasit kiya. 
isase 500 doubleu key paas ack shikhar shakti aur 6 microne kii puls chaudaai key saath ack naee 16 semi pranali bunny. 
french aur yuu.aiss. disambar 1939 mein patent daayar kiye gaye they.
radar.
radiotechnic key spin-off key baad rocard aur ponte donon levlois mein chaley gaye.
ponte koo "lamp" vibhaag kaa nideshak niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, joe usa samay electronic tubes key liye upayog kiya jaane vaalaa naam thaa, lekin baadha kaa pataa lagaane key liye ultra-short tarangon koo utpann karane key liye vishesh roop seey chumbak mein seedhe shodh mein shamil rehna jaari rakhaa.
yeh radar kaa ack praarambhik roop thaa, halanki iska upayog dushman key vimaan key bajaay naukaaon aur himshailon kaa pataa lagaane key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
1920 key dashak mein francisi bhautik vigyaani camill gutton aur emil pierate ney 16 semi tarang dairdhya key saath prayog kiya thaa.
16 semi aur 80 semi parr laghu tarang kshetra mein guha chumbak pranali parr shodh karane key baad, ack csf team ney morris ponte aur camill gutton key bete heinry gutton key netritva mein 1934 mein radar detection system key liye ack patent daayar kiya.
1934-35 mein CSF ney lagbhag kaee prakaar key anty-eisberg takraav detectors key saath ss oregan aur ss normandy seey susajjit kiya.
film aur television.
ptt ney csf koo television kaa adhyayan karane key liye kahaa, aur csf ney iss uddeshya key liye radio-cancer sahayak company shuru kii, jiska pahala uddeshya badey cinemagharon key liye baat karane vaale film projector vikasit karna thaa.
radio-cinema kii sthaapana 21 juuna 1929 koo see. aiss. aff. kii sahayak company key roop mein kii gaee thee, usa varsh jaba baat karane vaali filmein pahali baar dikhaai deen.
pahali kaaryashaalaaen peris key 20vein arrondicement mein theen.
sahayak company ney badey cinema screening room key liye film projectors kaa design aur nirmaan kiya.
see. aiss. aff. television camers aur receivers mein shamil naheen huaa, lekin 1935 seey tv transmitters key vikas key liye ptt kaa mukhya sampark thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh (1939-45).
1939 mein company key 4,000 seey thodaa adhik karmchari they, joe abhee bhee telefuncan, marconi, rca aur neetherland key phillips seey kaafee cumm they.
yuddh key shuruati maheenon mein levlois prayogshalaon ney guha chumbak key vikas mein mahatvapurna pragati kii, jisane centimeter radar kaa maarg prashast kiya jiska upayog 1943 seey sahyogiyon dwara shikariyon aur bamvarshakon koo lais karane key liye vyaapak roop seey kiya jaayega.
8 maee 1940 koo mauris ponte british logon koo csf magnetron prastut karane key liye vyaktigat roop seey landan gaye, joe sfr prototype aur unake apane prototype key laabhon koo jodenge.
german kabje key baad levlois aur chollet paudhon koo telefuncan kii dekhrekh mein rakhaa gayaa thaa.
malakoff mein siff sanyantra koo seamens aind halske kii dekhrekh mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur berlin mein phillips kii ack german sahayak company phillips electro special key tahat sures mein radiotechnic sanyantra koo rakhaa gayaa thaa.
yuddh key dauran paul brenot koo aiss. aff. aar. key takniki nideshak kaa khitaab milaa thaa, lekin vaha emil girardo key daahine haath key vyakti they.
german kabje key tahat see. aiss. aff. aur telefuncan key beach bahut maitripurna sambandh they, jisake liye brenot kii baad mein aalochana kii gaee thee.
apane bachaav mein, brenot ney kahaa kii peris mein telefuncan key sthaayi pratinidhi, doctor schultz, ack poorv sangeetkaar aur gunee piyanovadak they, jinake saath unhone yuddh seey pahale sauhaardpurna sambandh banaae they, aur joe udaar, sainya-virodhi aur naazi-virodhi they.
aiss. aff. aar. ney lyon mein mukt kshetra mein ack adhyayan kendra sthaapit kiya. 
kaarmik vibhaag koo una sabhi yahudi karmchaariyon key sthanantaran kii suvidha pradaan karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa joe vahaan jaanaa chaahte hain. 
algiers mein ack chhota saa karkhana bhee sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
ack telefuncan utpaadan kendra key roop mein rahane vaalon dwara niyantrit, aiss. aff. aar. mukhya roop seey german senaa key liye utpaadit kiya jaataa haye.
1940 seey 1944 taka isake karobar kaa 65 pratishat german hathiyaron key liye samarpit thaa, joe 1943 mein 86 pratishat taka pahunch gayaa.
farwari 1940 mein karmchaariyon kii sankhya 2,600 thee, agast 1940 mein ghatkar 1,000 reh gaee, lekin phir 1943 taka badhkar 4,000 seey adhik hoe gaee.
adhikansh utpaadan telefuncan dwara design kiya gayaa upkaran thaa. 
bee. pee. pee. bee. dwara samarthit kaee poonji vriddhi kii vyavastha kii gaee thee.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran ikol normal superarior key snaatak piyare grivet koo lavlois-peret anusandhaan prayogshala mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa aur unhone television anusandhaan key liye aavashyak 60 kevi ausiloscope vikasit karane kii pariyojana mein bhaag liya thaa.
grivet ney electron prakashiki mein visheshagyata praapt kii, aur german vyavasaay kii avadhi key dauran ack sthir vidyut electron sookshmadarshi key liye ack sarkari adesh praapt kiya.
yuddh key baad kii avadhi (1945-68).
1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein robbert aar. warnke peris mein see. aiss. aff. mein microwave anusandhaan key nideshak they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad radio-cinema levlois mein anya karkhanon key paas, korbevoi mein sthanantarit hoe gayaa.
spectro-vidyut spectrum vishleshan upkaran vikasit karane kii pariyojana 1947 mein dhaatu vigyaan company pechine key anurodh key jawab mein radio-cinema mein shuru kii gaee thee.
1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein radio-cinema ney andre charlin kii company kaa adhigrahan kiya, joe ack engineer they jinhen baat karane vaali filmon, loudspeaker aur stereophonics mein unaki visheshagyata key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa.
1954 mein radio-cinema compagny days application mechanics aitt electronicus aeu cinema aitt aeye ell 'atmistic (kamka) bunn gayaa.
company ney apane mukhya vyavasaay koo barkarar rakhaa lekin vaigyaanik upkaran aur aerospace radar banaate hue sateek engineering mein vividhata laaee.
1955 mein kamka koo teen vibhagon key saath sanrachit kiya gayaa thaa, ack radio-cinema aur charlin film projector kaa utpaadan karane key liye, ack anya csf sahayak companiyon key liye yaantrik utpaadan kaa upakram, aur teesara spectro-elector parr kaam curr rhaa thaa.
kamka ney aayan aur electron sookshmajeevon kaa vikas kiya.
1957 mein see. aiss. aff. ney aiss. aff. aar. koo avashoshit curr liya.
1968 mein thomson-brand aur see. aiss. aff. kaa vilay curr badey thomson-see. aiss. aff. samooh kaa gathan kiya gayaa.
1982 mein thomson-see. aiss. aff. kaa rashtriyakaran kiya gayaa aur 1997 mein iska nijikaran kiya gayaa.

