
christiania electriske sporeway

aeye/aiss christiania alectriscay sporeway yaa kays, jise blue tramway () upnaam diyaa gayaa thaa, ack aisee company thee joe 1894 aur 1924 key beach oslo tramway kaa hissa sanchaalit karati thee. isane paschimi oslo mein chaar lines kaa ack network banaaya, tej line aur frogner line joe majerstein taka jaati thee, aur lagaatar dou anya line, skoyen line aur lilikar line. yeye sabhi shahar key kendra key madhyam seey ack samanya line seey judey hue hain joe journebenatorgate parr samaapt hoti haye.
oslo (taba christiania key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa) mein dusare traum operator key roop mein kays kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. jaba isane sevaayen shuru keen tou yeh scandinavia mein pahala vidyut tramway thaa. isane mool roop seey ack varg key traum key bede kaa upayog karke skillebeck key liye tej line aur skoyen line kholi. baad mein company ney kull 78 motor kaaron aur 66 trailers key liye class yuu aur class ss traum kaa bhee adesh diyaa. skoien 1903 mein pahuncha gayaa thaa. frogner line kaa pahala bhaag 1902 mein khola gayaa thaa, aur yeh 1914 mein puuraa huaa thaa. lilikar line 1919 mein lilikar key liye banaai gaee thee. ks aur isake pratiyogi, christiania sporeveselscabe (kss) donon koo maee 1924 mein oslo nagarpalika dwara leey liya gayaa thaa aur oslo sporvear bunn gayaa thaa. adhigrahan mein lilikar line shamil naheen thee aur operation kaa yeh hissa bermsbennon key roop mein jaari rhaa.
itihas.
sthaapana.
oslo tramway koo 1875 mein christiania sporveselskab dwara ack horsekar network key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 1887 mein isane ell key liye ack prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa. samson, ack real estate developer, apani pariyojanaon kii seva key liye majerstewen key liye ack line banaane key liye. isaliye unhone engineeron aich. seey sampark kiya. ee. hairdall aur aeye. fenger-krogg, baad vaalaa jisane videsh mein tramway kaa adhyayan kiya thaa. unhone usa varsh nagarpalika koo ack aavedan bheja, usa samay jaba europe mein koee anya vidyut tramway sanchaalit naheen they. haalaanki, aavedan mein spasht roop seey yeh naheen kahaa gayaa thaa kii company vidyut karshan kaa upayog karegi. kss ney naee laainen bichhaane mein apani prathamikta barkarar rakhee.
samooh koo dou lines key liye anumati millie, ack journbanettorgate seey, oslo east station key baahar key varg seey majerstewn taka. yeh incognitogaten aur dramensvian seey skoyen taka ack shakha praapt karega, kull doori. shahar key engineer ney oopar seey taaron key upayog koo hatotsaahit kiya thaa, lekin baad mein unhone germany kii yatra key baad apana munn badal liya. 19 maee 1892 koo nagar parishad dwara iss mudde parr nirnay liya gayaa thaa. riyayat kii avadhi tees saal thee, jisamen seey nagarpalika ney pandrah saal key baad aur avadhi key anta mein company koo nagarpalika banaane kaa adhikaar barkarar rakhaa.
octuber 1892 mein jaari kiye gaye 800,000 norwey key crone (aine. oh. key.) key share, joe ack maheene mein bick gaye. aeye/aiss christiania alectriscay sporeway koo 16 disambar 1892 koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa. hairdall koo board kaa adhyaksh niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, ack pada joe unhone 1917 mein apani mrityu taka sambhala thaa. fenger-krogg koo prabandh nideshak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. chhah companiyon ney traum aur vidyut upkaran dene key liye bolly lagaai; olgemine electrigitates gasselshaft (aeye. ee. jee.) ney jeet hassil kii aur saat varg key ack motor traum aur paanch trailer vitarit kiye. juuna 1893 mein patariyon koo bichhaane kaa anubandh aich koo jaari kiya gayaa thaa. doubleu. vessel. company ney apane oslo laiswerkar seey bijli khareedane key liye nagarpalika koo aavedan kiya, lekin ise aswikar curr diyaa gayaa. isaliye isane majerstewn mein ack bijli kendra banaane kaa faisala kiya. usee sthaan parr isane pahala dipo banaaya, joe germany seey ack poorvanirmit nalidar lohe kii sanrachana thee. kull nivesh 817,572 thaa.
praarambhik sanchaalan aur vistaar.
pareekshan daud 10 janwari 1894 koo shuru hui. pahale nordic electric tramway kaa aadhikarik udghaatan 2 march 1894 koo huaa aur agale dinn samanya sanchaalan shuru huaa. yeh europe mein khulane vaalaa satwan vidyut tramway thaa. saarvajanik bahas mein chintaon mein seey ack yeh thee kii pratispardhi kss jaise ghode ghode dwara kheenche binaa traum koo daudate hue dekhane mein saksham naheen honge. pratiyogi key shram sangh ney prastaav diyaa kii kays apane traum key saamane bharey hue ghodon kaa upayog karate they, lekin ghodon ney jald hii swaayatt vaahan kaa saamana karna seekh liya. pahale tou traum harr chhah minut mein chalate they, lekin ise sanchaalit karna mushkil saabit huaa aur ise aathh minut key aage badhane taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa.
shuru mein motormans koo gaadi chalaana aur tikat bechana donon hii chaahiye thaa, lekin yeh ack vyakti key liye kushalata seey karane key liye bahut adhik kaam paaya gayaa. isaliye chalakon koo lagbhag turant pesh kiya gayaa. yeh pataa chalaa kii parkvian mein skoyen line aur briscaby line key beach ack patrachar kaa sanchaalan kaam naheen curr rhaa thaa, kyonki majerstewen seey traum bharey hue they aur adhikansh yaatriyon koo shahar mein chalane key liye majboor honah padaa thaa. iss prakaar aprail seey kays ney skoin line parr skillebeck seey journbenettorgate taka seedhi sevaaon kii shuruat kii. yeh jaldi hii pataa chalaa kii company key paas bahut cumm traum they aur varsh key anta taka chaar aur vitarit kiye gaye they. 31 disambar koo skoyen line koo frognergaden taka badhaaya gayaa thaa.
mool network poori tarah seey ekal track thaa jisamen passing loop they. seedhe trams ney yatayat mein vriddhi kii aur 1896 mein ks ney parkvian seey journebenatorgate taka dohare track bichhaane kii anumati key liye aavedan kiya. permit key hisse key roop mein, nagarpalika ney company key paanchven hisse key sharedharak banane key liye 200,000 key liye nae jaari kiye gaye share khareede. 1898 mein kaam shuru huaa, jisamen patariyon koo parkvian seey incognitogaten aur bogstadvian seey valkirigaten taka leey jaanaa bhee shamil thaa. double track 1898 mein majerstewen key liye khola gayaa, aur teen saal baad skoyen line parr. baad vaale koo thoon key vistaar key saath jodaa gayaa thaa.
company ney dheere-dheere apane bede kaa vistaar kiya aur 1898 taka isane 21 varg key ack traum aur baarah trailers kii delivery leey lii thee. ack saal baad chhah aur trailer vitarit kiye gaye. jorgen barth ney 1898 mein prabandh nideshak key roop mein padbhar sambhala. usee varsh holmancolen line kholi gaee aur majerstewn mein kays aur holmancolbannon key trams key beach ack sthanantaran thaa. company ney 1899 mein apane pahale nau badey varg key yuu trams kii delivery lii. isake baad 1902 mein aur paanch aur 1905 aur 1906 mein paanch aur they. 1901 seey ks ney signal parr rukane key bajaay niyamit padaavon kii shuruat kii.
company kaa agala kaary skoin line kaa vistaar karna aur frogner plaas key madhyam seey majerstewen taka ack maarg kaa nirmaan karna thaa. kss koo mool roop seey apani westbennon line koo mendhak taka badhaane key liye anumati dee gaee thee, lekin unhein 1901 key bheetar nirmaan shuru karane kii aavashyakta thee. jaba way aisaa karane mein whiffle rahey, tou nagarpalika ney isake bajaay ks koo anumati dene kii peshkash kii. company ney nirmaan shuru kiya aur parkvian seey laker frogner plaas taka frogner line kaa pahala hissa octuber 1902 mein khola gayaa. usa varsh cases aathh pratishat labhansh kaa bhugtan curr rahey they. skoin line, jise usa samay biagdoi line naam diyaa gayaa thaa, koo 21 juuna 1903 koo skoin taka badhaaya gayaa thaa. agale varshon mein bahut cumm nivesh huaa, halanki 1907 aur 1908 mein company ney frogner aur thyun key liye double track kaa nirmaan kiya. 1907 taka company kaa vaarshik rajaswa 700,000 thaa.
baad mein sanchaalan.
tramway khareedane key liye nagarpalika key 1909 key adhikaar taka, 1908 mein tees laakh key moolya parr ks kaa mulyankan kiya gayaa thaa. iss mudde parr 1899 mein nagarpalika key swaamitva vaali christiania kommunale sporvi kii sthaapana aur 1905 mein kss koo isaki bikri key aalok mein bahas hui thee. 1908 mein municipalisation key baare mein koee aisee hyee-profile bahas naheen hui thee jaisa kii 1905 mein hui thee. yeh aanshik roop seey isaliye thaa kyonki taba taka shahar parishad mein ack majboot roodhivaadi bahumat thaa-ack party joe nagarpalika key tramway kaa virodh karati thee. isake bajaay nagarpalika ney ack samjhaute parr baatchit kii, jisake tahat usane khud koo company key sakal rajaswa kaa chaar pratishat hassil kiya, joe 1914 seey badhkar paanch pratishat hoe gayaa.
bijli station koo 1909 mein unnat kiya gayaa thaa, jisase koyale kaa upayog prati kilowatt ghante seey cumm hoe gayaa thaa. company ney traum key khule platform khandon koo cover karane key liye, jyaadaatar apane karmchari kii bhalai key liye chinta kaa faisala kiya. ise nae rolling stock kii khareed key madhyam seey aanshik roop seey vyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa. antim paanch shreni yuu trains 1909 mein vitarit kii gaeen, jisase kull sankhya chaubis hoe gaee. traum usa samay iss vishvaas seey seemit they kii unake paas nyuntam vakr trijya key dasaven hisse seey adhik wheelbase naheen hoe sakata thaa. yeh galat saabit huaa, jisase tramway koo nae aur badey traum order karane kii anumati millie. pahale aathh varg key aiss. aiss. traum usee varsh vitarit kiye gaye they. 1912 mein delivery phir seey shuru hui aur agale dou varshon mein aur 26 varg aiss. aiss. ikaaiyaan vitarit kii gaeen.
1909 mein kramaankit sevaaon kii shuruat kii gaee thee. kays dou tramway mein seey pahala thaa jisane kramaankit lines koo pesh kiya aur sabse cumm ankon koo surakshit kiya. tej line koo 1, frogner line 2 aur skoyen line 3 kii sankhya dee gaee thee. badhe hue rolling stock ney 1910 seey adhikansh sevaaon koo harr paanch minut mein chalaane kii anumati dee. ks aur kss 1912 mein apani sevaaon koo behtar dhang seey samanvit karane key liye ack samjhaute parr pahunche. yeh pahali baar hegadhegswen mein ack jodane vaali line mein bhautik roop seey prastut kiya gayaa, jisane trams koo stortorwaite seey ulel hejbi line key madhyam seey majerstewn taka jaane kii anumati dee. skillebeck mein ack connection mankedamswian key madhyam seey banaaya gayaa thaa, jisase westbennon line koo skoin line taka pahunch kii anumati millie. frogner mein 1914 kii jayanti pradarshani key sanyojan mein, frogner line koo 15 maee 1914 koo kirkevian seey majerstein taka badhaaya gayaa thaa. sitambar mein majerstein mein ack nayaa dipo khola gayaa, jisamen 75 vaahanon key liye jagah thee-joe scandinavia mein sabse badaa thaa.
teesara connection 1915 mein khola gayaa, joe vognamansgata, brugata aur waterland brij key saath ack connection key madhyam seey journbenettorgate koo campaign line aur velerenga line seey jodata haye. 1915 taka sadak traum network mein terah sevaaen shamil theen, jinamen seey dou ks dwara sanchaalit theen aur chhah sanyukt sanchaalan they. homensbian aur frogner seey majerstewen taka sabhi sevaaen sanyukt sevaaen theen. sanyukt sevaaon koo line key saath track key swaamitva key anupaat mein traum kii saapeksh sankhya kaa sanchaalan kiya jaataa thaa aur jahaan pratyek company ney apani sevaaon parr banaae gaye rajaswa koo rakhaa thaa. pahali mahila chalakon koo 1916 mein kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1918 aur 1919 mein badey wheelbase aur boddy key saath duss puraane varg key ack traum kaa punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen 37 nae motor traum aur 56 nae trailer shamil they.
company key udghaatan seey yeh ack sawari key liye 10 dollar kaa shulk liya thaa, lekin yeh 1918 mein 15 dollar taka badhaa diyaa gayaa thaa, ack keemat joe isake baaki itihas key liye aparivartit rahegi. iss tarah kii visham raashi key prabandhan koo aasaan banaane key liye, tokan sikke lokpriya they. unhein ack matra chhoot key saath becha gayaa thaa aur aamtaur parr 15 dollar key paaramparik sikke key roop mein oslo mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa. iss avadhi key dauran desh mein mudrasfeeti kaa anubhav hoe rhaa thaa. ks aur shramik sangh majdoori vriddhi key liye ack samjhaute parr naheen pahunch sakey aur company 11 janwari seey 22 march 1920 taka hadtaal seey prabhaavit hui. ise nagarpalika key prastaav key madhyam seey apane shulk koo cumm karane key liye hull kiya gayaa. samjhaute key hisse key roop mein, subah aur dopahar mein 5 dollar kii yatri kimaton koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
company ney 1912 mein skoyen line key aage key vistaar mein dekhana shuru kiya, jiska uddeshya bestom aur Øracer taka pahunchana thaa. unhone 1913 mein ack permit key liye aavedan kiya, joe julaai 1915 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa. ks ney turant lilikar line kaa nirmaan shuru curr diyaa. pareekshan runn 8 maee 1919 koo kiye gaye aur agale dinn line aadhikarik taur parr lilikar key liye khol dee gaee. baaki network key vipareet, lilikar line koo ack upnagariya halki rail key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa, joe sadakon key bajaay ack vishesh line parr chalati thee. ks ney 1917 mein aage key vistaar kii yojana banaana shuru kiya aur 1921 mein avalose taka line kaa vistaar karane kii anumati praapt kii.
nagarikaran.
ks aur kss donon mein riyaayaten theen joe march 1924 mein ack hii tarikh koo samaapt hoe gaeen. iss samay nagarpalika samaan moolya parr companiyon koo khareedane key liye swatantra thee. 1922 mein iss mamle koo dekhane key liye ack nagarpalika samiti niyukt kii gaee thee. ks kaa moolya 9 million thaa, jabaki kss kaa moolya 12.5 million thaa. oslo nagarpalika koo lilikar line koo lene mein koee dilchaspi naheen thee, kyonki yeh akker kii padosi nagarpalika mein sthit thee. samitiyon key bahumat ney vilay kaa prastaav rakhaa aur kss koo ack lambi riyayat millie, jabaki alpasankhyak ney shahar dwara tramway khareedane kii sifarish kii. ack teesara vikalp, ack sanyukt roop seey saarvajanik aur niji swaamitva vaali company, bhee prastaavit kii gaee thee, jahan nagarpalika kaa swaamitva 51 pratishat hoga.
parishad key karyakari board dwara iss mudde parr vichaar kiya gayaa, jisane nau maton key khilaf gyaarah key saath sanyukt saarvajanik-niji prastaav kaa samarthan kiya. tark kaafee hudd taka vaichaarik thaah vaam paksh ney niji niveshakon key liye aarthik laabh laane key liye dakshin paksh parr aarop lagaaya, jabaki dakshin paksh ney vaam parr nagarpalika sanchaalan kii aparyaapt vittiya jaanch kaa aarop lagaaya. disambar mein nagarpalika parishad mein iss mudde parr matdan kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen 41 parshadon ney sanyukt model kaa samarthan kiya thaa. baad vaale communist party aur laber party key sadasya they, joe donon nagarpalika adhigrahan key paksh mein they. naee company, christiania sporvier, koo maee 1924 mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa aur sabhi sadak traum sanchaalan koo apane haath mein leey liya thaa. 1 janwari 1925 koo shahar ney apana naam badalkar oslo curr liya, jaisa kii traum company ney kiya thaa.
nagarpalika key saath, adhikansh parisampattiyon koo oslo sporvier koo sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. apavaad lilikar line thee, jise niji company dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa. usa hisse koo ack naee traum company mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. sadak trams koo oslo sporvear mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki kuchh koo 1 julaai taka rakhaa gayaa thaa, jaba lilikar line koo bekestua taka badhaaya gayaa thaa. ack hii dinn baarah varg key upnagariya trams kaa upayog kiya gayaa.
network.
ks ney ack network kaa sanchaalan kiya jisamen shahar key kendra key madhyam seey ack samanya line, teen shaakhaaen, ack upnagariya line aur kss key network key liye teen connection shamil they. sadak traum network mein tej line, skoyen line aur frogner line shamil they. skoin line upnagariya lilikar line key roop mein jaari rahee. kays kii sabhi laainen upayog mein rahati hain. company kaa samanya track kaa khand gernbenettorgate mein utpann huaa, joe oslo east station key baahar kaa varg haye. line strandgata mein shuru hui aur tolbugata seey laker akarsgata taka jaari rahee. vahaan seey yeh stortingsgata koo kaatata haye aur dramaensvian key saath jaari rahata haye.
briskabi line shaakhaaen samanya khand seey parkvian taka, jahan yeh readerwolds gett parr chully gaee aur majerstewn taka pahunchane seey pahale briskbeavian, holetegata aur bogstadvian key saath jaari rahee. skoin line dramensvian seey skoin taka chalati haye. skoyen seey lilikar line jaar taka jaari rahee. lilikar line ack upnagariya halki rail haye aur sent key saath apane swayam key raaste mein chalati haye. admonds way, bestamvian aur jonas dahls way. skoin rekha aur tej rekha key vibhajit honey key thheek baad, solly plaas mein dramensvian aur frognervian key chauraahe parr skoin rekha seey frogner rekha kii shaakhaaen nikalati hain. frogner line frognervian seey laker frogner plaas taka chalati haye, joe mool terminus haye. 1914 seey yeh rekha kirkevian seey majerstein taka jaari haye.
company ack dipo-majerstewen dipo kaa sanchaalan karati thee. isamen teen imaaraten theen, jinamen seey sabse badee imarat mein 75 vaahanon key liye jagah thee. isamen koyale seey chalane vaale taap vidyut kendra kaa bhee ullekh thaa jiska upayog tramway key liye bijli utpann karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. majerstein company key prashaasan kaa sthal thaa, saath hii saath holmancolbannon key liye dipo bhee thaa. adhikansh kays suvidhaon koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa haye, lekin ack holl banaa huaa haye aur iska upayog oslo tramway sangrahalaya dwara kiya jaataa haye.
rolling stock.
company ney kull 78 motor kaaren aur 66 trailer khareede; motor chaalit vaahanon mein seey 20 koo baad mein trailer mein badal diyaa gayaa. delivery vibhinn nirmaataon seey thee, jinamen seey adhikansh german they. ekmatra norwey kaa shareer nirmaata scabo thaa. traum teen peedhiyon key they, jinamen seey pratyek koo apana varg padnam diyaa gayaa thaa. kaee traum usee varg key they joe kss koo diye gaye they. kays key trams koo neele rung seey chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, isaliye unake upnaam, "neele tramway" koo janm diyaa.
trams key pratham varg, varg aeye, kaa nirmaan olgemine electrigitates gasselshaft (aeye. ee. jee.) aur pee. dwara kiya gayaa thaa. jadee-bootiyon aur see.donon germany key. undercarries kaa nirmaan bergische stallindustry ney kiya thaa. unamen khule platform bey aur ack kebin they. bees ikaaiyon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, lagbhag samaan vinirdeshon key saath. traum lambe aur chaude they. way vajan karate they aur dou aine. bee. 80 motors seey susajjit they jinka sanyukt prabhaav thaa. apavaad teen ikaaiyaan theen, naheen. 118 seey 120, jisamen sanyukt key saath adhik shaktishali vee. bee. aine. 120 motaren theen. unake paas solah key liye baithane kii jagah aur baarah key liye khade honey kii jagah thee. company key paas jadee-bootiyon dwara nirmit battis samaan trailer ikaaiyaan bhee theen. trams mein seey ack, naheen. 117, scabo dwara norsk electric aur braun boveri seey motors key saath banaaya gayaa ack prototype thaa.
chaubis varg yuu traum 1899 aur 1906 key beach vitarit kiye gaye they. vidyut ghatakon kaa nirmaan union-electricite-jesselshaft dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur nikaayon kaa nirmaan falconried aur scabo dwara kiya gayaa thaa. trams mein dou jee. ee. 52 motaren theen, jinka sanyukt bijli utpaadan thaa aur unakaa kull vajan thaa. way lambe they aur khule munch khandon key saath banaae gaye they. pratyek ikai mein bees baithane aur chaudah khade yaatriyon kii kshamata thee. 1924 mein dou ikaaiyon koo ack spasht traum banaane key liye punarnirmit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, yeh kharaab baink-vakron mein patari seey utarane kii sambhavana saabit hui aur kabhi bhee rajaswa seva mein naheen daala gayaa.
kays ney 1909 aur 1914 key beach chauntis varg key motor chaalit traum aur bice trailers kii delivery kii. unamen seamens-scookertwerke seey vidyut ghatak they aur vibhinn prakaar seey jadee-bootiyon, falcanried aur scabo dwara banaae gaye they. unakaa mukhya navachar yeh thaa kii wheelbase koo badhaaya gayaa thaa, jisase shareer kaa lamba honah sambhav hoe gayaa thaa. pahale gyaarah lambe they, jabaki baaki lambe they. pahali aathh ikaaiyon mein dou dee72vee motaren theen, joe sanyukt roop seey bijli kaa utpaadan karati theen. baad kii ikaaiyon mein bijli kaa utpaadan thaa.
doosari vitarit ikai, naheen. 102, koo norwey key vigyaan aur praudyogiki sangrahalaya dwara sanrakshit kiya gayaa haye. dou aiss. aiss. motor ikaaiyaan, naheen. 1913 seey 307 aur naheen. 1918 seey 322, aur ack trailer, naheen. 347, oslo tramway sangrahalaya dwara sanrakshit kiye gaye hain.