
dharm aur garbhpaat

garbhpaat parr kaee dhaarmik paramparaon ney rukh apanaaya haye lekin kuchh hii poorna hain. yeye rukh kaee shikshaon, devtaon yaa dhaarmik chhaap parr adharit ack vyaapak spectrum mein faile hue hain, aur unamen seey kuchh vichaaron koo neeche ujagar kiya gayaa haye.
beh 'ee vishvaas.
garbhpaat, kewal ack avaanchhit bachche koo khatm karane key uddeshya seey, baahaai vishvaas mein dridhata seey apavitra haye, halanki chikitsa kaaran isaki pushti curr sakate hain. garbhpaat key sambhaavit karanon mein balatkar, anachar, bhroon kii vyavaharyata kii kamee aur maan kaa swaasthya shamil hain. halanki bahan dharm key sanrakshak shogi ifendi ney garbhavastha kii jaanboojhkar samaapti koo jeevan key anta key roop mein maanaa, lekin ise sambodhit karane vaale bahan pavitra granthon mein koee vishisht shiksha naheen haye; nyaay key saarvbhaumik ghar ney iss prakaar nishkarsh nikala haye kii yeh hatyaa key samaan naheen haye aur isaliye bhavishya kii tarikh mein, yadi yeh nirnay letaa haye, tou usa parr kaanoon banaane key liye nyaay key saarvbhaumik ghar key dayare mein haye. vartamaan mein, bahiyon koo baahaai lekhan aur chikitsa salah mein paae jaane vaale samanya margadarshan key aalok mein apane vivek key aadhar parr nirnay lene key liye protsaahit kiya jaataa haye.
bauddh dharm.
garbhpaat key baare mein koee ekal bauddh drishtikon naheen haye. kuchh paaramparik sroton, jinamen kuchh bauddh mathh sanhitaaen bhee shamil hain, kaa maanana haye kii jeevan garbhadhaaran key samay shuru hotaa haye, aur garbhpaat, jisamen taba jeevan kaa jaanboojhkar vinash shamil hotaa haye, koo aswikar curr diyaa jaanaa chaahiye. iss mudde koo jatil banaana bauddh vishvaas haye kii "jeevan ack nirantarta haye jiska koee spasht praarambhik bindu naheen haye. bauddhon key beach garbhpaat key sambandh mein koee aadhikarik yaa pasandida drishtikon naheen haye.
dalaai laama ney kahaa haye kii garbhpaat "pp" haye, lekin isake apavaad bhee hain. unhone kahaa, "mujhe lagata haye kii garbhpaat koo manjuri dee jaani chaahiye."
therwad aur vajrayan bhikshu donon dwara paalan kiye jaane vaale mathh key niyamon mein garbhpaat koo prerit karna yaa anyatha garbhpaat kaa kaaran banaana ack gambhir mamla maanaa jaataa haye; garbhpaat karaane mein ack mahila kii sahaayata karane key liye bhikshuon aur nanon koo nishkaasit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. paaramparik srot jaldi aur dair seey garbhpaat key beach key antar koo naheen pahachaante hain, lekin srilanka aur thyland mein garbhpaat seey judaa "naitik kalank" bhroon key vikas key saath badhata haye. jabaki paaramparik srot garbhpaat kii sambhavana key baare mein maan key swaasthya key liye praasangik naheen prateet hotey hain, kaee paramparaon key aadhunik bauddh shikshak-aur kaee bauddh deshon mein garbhpaat kaanoon-maan key jeevan yaa shaaririk swaasthya key liye khatare koo garbhpaat key liye ack vyaavhaarik mamle key roop mein sweekarya auchitya key roop mein pahachaante hain, halanki ise abhee bhee nakaratmak naitik yaa karm sambandhi parinamon key saath ack kaary key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
isai dharm.
iss baat parr vidvatapurna asahamati haye kii praarambhik isai garbhpaat key baare mein kaise mahsoos karate they, aur kyaa garbhpaat key spasht nishedh yaa tou puraane vasiyatnama yaa isai bible kii naee vasiyatnama pustakon mein maujood hain. kuchh vidvaanon ney nishkarsh nikala haye kii praarambhik isaaiyon ney abb garbhpaat kahey jaane vaale parr ack sookshm rukh apanaaya, aur alag-alag samay parr, aur alag-alag sthaanon parr, praarambhik isaaiyon ney alag-alag rukh apanaae hain. anya vidvaanon ney nishkarsh nikala haye kii praarambhik isai garbhpaat koo sabhi charanon mein ack paap maanate they; haalaanki yeh kiss prakaar kaa paap thaa, aur ise kitna gambhir paap maanaa gayaa thaa, iss parr unake vichaaron parr asahamati haye, lekin ise cumm seey cumm yaun anaitikta key roop mein gambhir key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. kuchh praarambhik isaaiyon kaa maanana thaa kii bhroon mein garbhadhaaran seey koee aatma naheen thee, aur parinamswarup, iss baare mein raay vibhajit thee kii kyaa praarambhik garbhpaat hatyaa thee yaa naitik roop seey hatyaa key barabar thee.
praarambhik church parishadon ney mahilaaon koo garbhpaat key liye dandit kiya joe anya yaun apraadhon key saath-saath garbhpaat karane vaali davaaon key nirmaataon key saath-saath garbhpaat key liye bhee they, lekin kuchh praarambhik church pitaa jaise kii sizeria key tulsi ney "gathit" aur "vikrit" bhroon key beach antar naheen kiya. jabaki nyasa aur maximus key gerigari ney sweekaar kiya kii maanav jeevan pahale seey hii garbhadhaaran key samay shuru hoe gayaa thaa, hippo key augustin ney garbhadhaaran key kuchh samay baad honey vaale airsolment kii dhaaranaon kii pushti kii, jisake baad garbhpaat koo hatyaa maanaa jaanaa thaa, jabaki abhee bhee garbhadhaaran key baad seey kissy bhee samay garbhpaat kii ninda koo banaae rakhaa. aquinas ney kramik aatmaon key baare mein abhijaat varg key vichaaron koo doharaayah vanaspati, pashu aur tarksangat. yeh 1869 taka catholic church kii sthiti hogi, jaba ack "gathit" bhroon key garbhpaat key liye swachaalit bahishkaar kii seema koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, ack parivartan jise ack antarnihit ghoshana key roop mein vyakhya kii gaee haye kii avadharana hii garbh dhaaran karane kaa kshan thaa. adhikansh praarambhik praayashchitt garbhpaat key liye samaan praayashchit lagu karate hain, chaahe vaha praarambhik avadhi hoe yaa dair seey, lekin baad mein madhya yug mein praayashchit aamtaur parr donon key beach antar karate hain, dair seey garbhpaat key liye bhaari praayashchit lagu karate hain aur garbhpaat key paap key liye cumm gambhir praayashchit lagaaya jaataa haye "[bhroon] key jeevan seey pahale".
samkaaleen isai sampradayon mein garbhpaat key baare mein bareek sthiti, vichaar aur shikshaaen hain, vishesh roop seey vistaarit paristhitiyon mein. catholic church, purvi roodhivaadi church, praachya roodhivaadita, aur adhikansh injeel protestant jaanboojhkar garbhpaat kaa anaitik key roop mein virodh karate hain, jabaki jise kabhi-kabhi apratyaksh garbhpaat kahaa jaataa haye, arthaat ack aisee kaarravaai joe bhroon kii mrityu koo anta yaa saadhan key roop mein naheen chaahati haye, lekin usake baad mrityu ack dushprabhaav key roop mein hoti haye. kuchh mukhya protestant sampradaay jaise kii methodist church, episcopal church (sanyukt raajya america), united church off christ, presbyterian church (america), aur america key evangelical luthran church, anya key beach, garbhpaat key liye adhik anumeya hain. aam taur parr, kuchh isai sampradayon koo garbhpaat virodhi maanaa jaa sakata haye, jabaki anya garbhpaat adhikaaron key paksh mein hoe sakate hain. isake alawa, kuchh sampradayon mein badey paimaane parr alpasankhyak hain joe garbhpaat parr apane sampradaay key rukh seey asahmat hain.
hindu dharm.
adhikansh shaastriya hindu granth garbhpaat kii kadee ninda karate hain, halanki sushrut sanhita bhroon key doshpurna honey parr isaki sifarish karati haye. british prasaran nigam likhate hain, "garbhpaat parr vichaar karate samay, hindu tarika yeh haye kii vaha kaarravaai kaa chayan kiya jaae joe sabhi koo cumm seey cumm nuksan pahunchaaeh maan aur pitaa, bhroon aur samaaj."bbc raajya mein jaataa haye", vyavhaar mein, halanki, bhaarat mein garbhpaat kaa abhyaas kiya jaataa haye, kyonki garbhpaat parr dhaarmik pratibandh kabhi-kabhi beton key liye saanskritik vareeyata dwara khariz curr diyaa jaataa haye. isase baalikaon key janm koo rokane key liye garbhpaat hoe sakata haye, jise 'maadaa bhroon hatyaa' kahaa jaataa haye."hindu vidvaanon aur mahila adhikaaron key adhivaktaon ney ling-chayanaatmak garbhpaat parr pratibandh kaa samarthan kiya haye. kuchh hindu aise mamalon mein garbhpaat kaa samarthan karate hain jahaan maan kaa jeevan aasann jokhim mein haye yaa jaba bhroon mein jeevan key liye khatra vaali vikasatmak visangati haye.
kuchh hindu dharamshastri aur brahm kumariyon kaa maanana haye kii vyaktitva teen maheene seey shuru hotaa haye aur garbhavastha key paanch maheene taka vikasit hotaa haye, sambhavatah teesare maheene taka garbhpaat kii anumati denaa aur teesare maheene key kissy bhee garbhpaat koo aatma key vartamaan avtaar shareer kaa vinash maanana.
islam.
kurran aur hadis mein garbh mein manushya key ishwar key srijan kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye aur shishu hatyaa kii ninda kii gaee haye. kurran kii ack aayat garbhavati mahilaaon koo sandarbhit karati haye joe faisale key dinn apani garbhavastha kaa garbhpaat karaati hain. chaar soonni islam vichardharaon-hanafi, shafee, hanbali aur maliki-mein seey pratyek kaa islam mein garbhpaat kii anumati haye yaa naheen, iss parr apana-apana aarakshan haye. maliki madhab kaa maanana haye kii "garbh dhaaran key samay bhroon koo fansaaya jaataa haye" aur iss prakaar "adhikansh maliki kissy bhee samay garbhpaat kii anumati naheen dete hain, kyonki bhagwan key haath seey vikas key harr charan mein bhroon sakriya roop seey banata haye."doosari or, kuchh hanafi vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii sou bees dinn kii avadhi samaapt honey seey pahale garbhpaat kii anumati haye, halanki kuchh hanafi vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii 120 dinon key bheetar garbhpaat" "makrah" "(asweekrit, i.ee. hatotsaahit). anya islami vichaar iss baat parr sahmat hain kii jaba maan kaa jeevan khatare mein hoe tou garbhpaat kii sifarish kii jaati haye, kyonki maan kaa jeevan sarvopari haye. 
jaba bhroon koo aatma dee jaati haye tou muslim vidvaanon mein matbhed haih kuchh kahate hain garbhadhaaran key 40 dinn baad, jabaki anya kahate hain 120 dinn. phir bhee musalman vidwan garbhadhaaran seey shuru karke bhroon key sammaan key adhikaar parr bhee jore dete hain, bhale hii ise abhee taka maanav jeevan key roop mein naheen maanaa gayaa hoe. 120 dinon seey pahale kuchh vidwan "mahaan" bhroon vikriti key mamalon mein garbhpaat kii anumati dete hain. mauritania kissy bhee paristhiti mein garbhpaat koo pratibandhit kartaa haye. shiya islam mein, nishechit andashay key pratyaropan key baad garbhpaat nishiddh haye."irani islami kranti key netaa, ayatollah khomaini ney ghoshana kii kii shariyat garbhpaat koo manaa karati haye. 
binaa kissy kaaran key "jald seey jald sambhav charan mein bhee. irani ayatollah allie khameni ney thalassemia key mamalon mein 10 saptah mein garbhpaat kii anumati dee. bosnian yuddh key dauran balatkar key mamalon mein 120 dinon seey pahale garbhpaat kii anumati thee.
120 dinon key baad bhroon koo maanav jeevan maanaa jaataa haye, phir bhee maan kii zaan bachaane key liye ise garbhpaat karane kii anumati haye. aisaa isaliye haye kyonki aggar maan marr jaati haye tou bhroon vaise bhee marr jaayega, aur maan ack parivaar kaa hissa haye aur usaki jimmedaariyaan hain.
yahudi dharm.
roodhivaadi yahudi shiksha garbhavati mahila key jeevan kii raksha key liye yadi aavashyak hoe tou garbhpaat kii anumati detee haye. jabaki sudhaar, punarnirmaanvaadi aur roodhivaadi andolan khule taur parr ack surakshit aur sulabh garbhpaat key adhikaar kii vakaalat karate hain, roodhivaadi andolan iss mudde parr cumm ekikrit haye. kaee roodhivaadi yahudi garbhpaat kaa virodh karate hain, sivaay taba key jaba ack mahila key jeevan koo bachaane key liye aavashyak hoe (yaa, kuchh key anusaar, mahila kaa swaasthya).
yahudi dharm mein, garbhpaat parr vichaar mukhya roop seey hibru bible, talmud, pratikriya key mamle-darr-mamle nirnayon aur anya rabbiyon key saahitya kii kanuni aur naitik shikshaon parr aakarshit karate hain. aam taur parr, roodhivaadi yahudi 40vein dinn key baad garbhpaat kaa virodh karate hain, swaasthya seey sambandhit apvaadon key saath, aur sudhaar yahudi garbhpaat key liye adhik akshansh kii anumati dete hain. aise nirnay hain joe aksar mamle parr paraspar virodhi prateet hotey hain. talmud mein kahaa gayaa haye kii bhroon kanuni roop seey taba taka ack vyakti naheen haye jaba taka kii vaha janm naheen leey letaa. torah mein kaanoon haye kii, "jaba purush ladate hain, aur unamen seey ack garbhavati mahila koo dhakka detaa haye, aur garbhpaat kaa parinam hotaa haye, lekin koee anya durbhagya naheen, tou jimmedaar vyakti parr jurmana lagaaya jaayega...lekin aggar anya durbhagya hotaa haye, tou sajaa jeevan (nephesh) key liye hogi."(). yaani, ack mahila kaa garbhpaat karaana ack aparaadh haye, lekin ack badaa aparaadh naheen haye, kyonki bhroon koo ack vyakti naheen maanaa jaataa haye.
yarmyah 1:5 mein kahaa gayaa haye kii, "garbh mein aapke gathan seey pahale, main aapako jaanata thaa, aapke janm seey pahale, maine aapako alag curr diyaa; maine aapako rashtron key liye ack bhavishyavakta key roop mein niyukt kiya."kuchh logon key liye, yeh aayat, vishesh roop seey geremia key baare mein baat karate hue, ack sanket haye kii bhagwan garbh mein pravesh karane seey pahale hii" ajanme manushyon key vikas "kii pehchaan seey avagat hain, yaa harr kissy key liye, bhagwan kii ack yojana haye kii garbhpaat koo nirashajanak key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. anya loga kahate hain kii yeh vyakhya galat haye, aur yeh aayat vyaktitva yaa garbhpaat seey sambandhit naheen haye, kyonki geremia apani bhavishyasoochak sthiti koo vishisht aur vishesh key roop mein vyakt curr rhaa haye.
hibru bible mein garbhpaat key kuchh sandarbh hain; nirgaman 21:22-25 kissy anya key karyon key madhyam seey garbhpaat koo sambodhit kartaa haye, jise yeh ack gair-rajdhani aparaadh key roop mein varnit kartaa haye joe jurmaane key madhyam seey dandaniya haye. hibru bible mein sankhyaon kii pustak mein kadve paani ("sotaa") kii agnipareeksha kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye jise ack pujari dwara ack patni koo diyaa jaanaa haye jiska pati sochata haye kii vaha bevafa thee. kuchh vidwan iss paath kii vyakhya ack garbhpaat aushadhi yaa anyatha garbhpaat koo prerit karane key roop mein karate hain yadi mahila kissy anya purush key bachche key saath garbhavati haye. rabbin vidwan arnold erlich ney agnipareeksha kii vyakhya iss tarah kii haye kii yeh yaa tou haanirahit roop seey samaapt hoe jaataa haye yadi mahila wafadar haye, yaa ack prerit garbhpaat key saathah "bhroon girata haye.
sikh dharm.
sikh sikh raahat maryada (aachar sanhita) seedhe garbhpaat seey sambandhit naheen haye. haalaanki, yeh spasht roop seey 'kuri-maar' kii pratha koo pratibandhit kartaa haye, ack panjabi shabd jiska shaabdik arth haye "ladki kii hatyaa" lekin isamen kanya bhroon hatyaa bhee shamil haye.
guru granth sahib (sikhon key liye praathamik granth aur sikh dhaarmik margadarshan kaa srot) garbhpaat parr koee vishisht nirdesh pradaan naheen kartaa haye. isaliye kaee sikh granthon key kuchh hisson kii vyakhya karenge aur spasht roop seey asamanya bhroon kaa saamana karane parr vyaktigat nirnay lenge.
haalaanki, guru granth saahab yaa sikh raahat maryada mein koee spasht nishedh naheen haye, lekin kuchh sikhon dwara garbhpaat koo aam taur parr varjit maanaa jaataa haye kyonki kahaa jaataa haye kii yeh bhagwan key rachanaatmak kaary mein hastakshep kartaa haye. iss saiddhaantik drishtikon key bavjood, bhaarat mein sikh samudaay key beach garbhpaat asamanya naheen haye, aur iss baat kii chinta badh rahee haye kii beton key liye saanskritik vareeyata key kaaran mahila bhroon kaa garbhpaat kiya jaa rhaa haye.
ekaatmak saarvbhaumiktaa.
ektaavaadi saarvbhaumik church garbhpaat adhikaaron kaa dridhata seey samarthan kartaa haye. 1978 mein, ektaavaadi saarvbhaumik sangh ney ack prastaav paarit kiya jisane ghoshana kii, "...[garbhanirodhak aur garbhpaat parr chayan kaa adhikaar gopaniyata key adhikaar, maanav jeevan key liye sammaan aur mahilaaon aur unake parivaaron kii antaratma kii swatantrata key mahatvapurna pahalu hain. sangh ney 1963 aur 1968 mein pratibandhaatmak garbhpaat kaanoonon mein sudhaar key paksh mein pahale key bayaan jaari kiye they.
vikka.
halanki vichaar alag hain, adhikansh vikka garbhpaat koo ack aadhyatmik nirnay maanate hain joe raajya yaa raajnetaon key hastakshep seey mukt honah chaahiye.

