
polypodini

polypodynia polypodials crum mein furn kaa ack upavarg haye. yeh pahale kii pranaliyon mein clade eupolipods i key barabar haye, aur christenhaz aind chez (2014) key vargeekaran mein bahut vyaapak roop seey paribhaashit parivaar polypodiacy key barabar haye. yeh shayed madhya-cretaceous key dauran upavarg asplanine (eupolipods II) seey alag hoe gayaa. vichalan aanvik detta aur aksar andekhi kii jaane vaali aakriti vigyaan visheshta donon dwara samarthit haye joe petiol key vasculature mein sthit haye. upavarg banaane vaali adhikansh prajaatiyon mein teen samvahani bundles hotey hain. kewal apavaad grammitted furn hain jinamen seey ack haye, aur genus "hypodematium" jisamen dou hain. yeh eupolipods II seey alag haye jisamen jyaadaatar dou samvahani bundles hotey hain (achchi tarah seey ghonsale vaale blacknoid furn koo chhodkar jinamen aam taur parr cumm seey cumm teen hotey hain).
vargeekaran.
2016 (pee. pee. jee. aaee.) key terridophyte phylogeny samooh vargeekaran mein, samooh koo upavarg polypodini key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, aur 11 parivaaron mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye. vaikalpik roop seey, ise ack ekal, bahut vyaapak roop seey pariveshtit parivaar polypodiacy "sensu latto" key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye, jise phir upa-parivaaron mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye. donon drishtikonon key beach sambandh neeche dee gaee talika mein dikhaaya gayaa haye.
phylogeny.
polypodini, polypodials crum key bheetar, upavarg key roop mein maane jaane vaale eupolipod parivaaron key dou pramukh samoohon mein seey ack haye. 2016 mein, 2001 aur 2015 key beach "kaee phylogenetic adhyayanon" key aadhar parr, terridophyte phylogeny samooh ney ack sarvasammati cladogram prakaashit kiya. iss cladogram mein polypodial key crum key bheetar polypodini kaa sthaan haih
parivaaron key star taka, polypodini key liye upa-vriksh haih
upavarg mein 108 vanshon mein seey 91 (84 pratishat) dou parivaaron, driopteridacy aur polypodiacy mein rakhe gaye hain.