
lapless vistaar (sambhaavit)

bhautiki mein, kshamata kaa lapless vistaar joe doori (sootra _ 1) key vyutkram key seedhe aanupaatik haye, jaise kii neuton kii gurutvaakarshan kshamata yaa coolomb kii sthir vidyut kshamata, unhein golakar kinvadanti bahupadon key sandarbh mein vyakt karati haye. parmaanuon parr quantum yaantrik gananaon mein antar-vidyut pratikarshan key samakalan key mulyankan mein vistaar kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
lapless vistaar vaastav mein dou binduon key beach vyutkram doori kaa vistaar haye. maan leejiye kii binduon mein sthiti vactor sootra _ 2 aur sootra _ 3 haye, tou lapless vistaar haye
yahaan sootra _ 2 mein golakar dhruviya nirdeshank sootra _ 6 haye aur sootra _ 3 mein sootra _ 8 haye jisamen degree sootra _ 9 key sajaatiya bahupad hain. aage "r" <nyuntam haye ("r", "r") aur "r"> adhikatam haye ("r", "r"). falan sootra _ 10 ack saamaanyikrit golakar harmonic falan haye. jaba thhos samanjasya key sandarbh mein likhaa jaataa haye tou vistaar ack saral roop letaa haye, 
vyutpatti.
iss vistaar kii vyutpatti saral haye. cosine key niyam key anusaar,
humm yahaan kinvadanti bahupad sootra _ 13 kaa utpann karane vaalaa kaary paate hainh
golakar harmonic jodd pramey kaa upayog 
vaanchhit parinam detaa haye.
neuman vistaar.
ack samaan sameekaran neuman dwara vyutpann kiya gayaa haye joe ack shrinkhala key roop mein prolet golakar nirdeshank mein sootra _ 16 kii abhivyakti kii anumati detaa haih
jahan sootra _ 18 aur sootra _ 19 kramshah pahale aur dusare prakaar key sambaddh kinvadanti kaary hain, unhein iss tarah paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye kii way sootra _ 20 key liye vaastavik hain. uparokt golakar nirdeshank mamle key anuroop, radial nirdeshank key saapeksh aakar mahatvapurna hain, sootra _ 21 aur sootra _ 22 key roop mein.

