
mohammad lakhdar-hamina

mohammad lakhdar-hamina (; 1934 mein aim 'silaa mein paida hue) ack algerian film nirdeshak aur patkatha lekhak hain. unhein unaki 1975 kii film "chronicle off dha ears off fayer" key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, jisane 1975 key caine film festival mein paam dee 'or jeetaa aur yeh puraskar jeetane vaali pahali arab aur african film bunn gaee. vaha samkaaleen arabi cinema mein sabse pramukh hastiyon mein seey ack hain.
jeevani.
1934 mein algeria key aim 'silaa mein janme lakhdaar ney apane mool desh mein apani padhaai shuru kii. way pahali baar france key cance mein licey carnot mein cinema kii duniya mein ruchi lene lagey. francisi vishvavidyalayon mein krishi aur kaanoon kii padhaai shuru karane key baad, unhone 1958 mein francisi senaa koo chhod diyaa aur tunisia mein francisi virodhi algerian pratirodh mein shamil hoe gaye, jahan unhone nirvaasan mein asthaayi algerian sarkaar key liye kaam kiya. unake filmi currier kii shuruat taba hui jaba way algerian mcvis (gurilla) mein shamil hoe gaye.
1959 mein, algerian rashtriya mukti morcha (aff. ell. aine.) ney unhein praag mein bheja, jahan unhone cinema school, film aur tv school, praag mein pradarshan kalaa akadami, cinema aur television key liye check akadami mein apani chhayankan kii padhaai kii. haalaanki, unhone barrandov studio key liye kaam karane key liye apani padhaai chhod dee. 1960 mein way nirvaasan mein algerian sarkaar dwara banaae gaye seva cinema mein shamil hoe gaye. 1959 mein, nirvaasan mein algerian soochana mantralaya ney francisi upaniveshvaad key tahat algeria kii durdasha key baare mein ack film banaane key liye dajamel chanderli aur pier challet key saath milkar lakhdaar-hamina koo niyukt kiya. jajazairona (hamara algeria)" sheershak vaali vrittachitra film, jiska uddeshya algerian rashtravadi gurilla andolan, mcvis dwara apanaae gaye lakshyon koo chitrit karna haye.
1961 mein, lakhdaar-hamina ney film yasmina mein chandrali key saath sahyog kiya, joe ack sharanarthi ladki kii kahani bataati haye jise isake vinash key baad apane gaanv seey bhagna padata haye. lakhdaar-hamina ney 1962 mein "logon kii aavaaj" aur 1961 mein "swatantrata kii bandooken" mein chandrali key saath phir seey sahyog kiya. 1962 mein algerian swatantrata key baad, vaha apani matribhoomi laut aae, jahan tunisian nirvaasan seey apane sahyogiyon key saath milkar unhone "offices days realites algerians" kii sthaapana kii, jisake way 1963 seey 1974 mein isake vighatan taka nideshak they.
1981 seey 1984 taka unhone karyalaya rashtriya porr leey commers aitt ell 'industry cinematographic key nideshak key roop mein kaary kiya, joe francisi film udyog koo aage badhaane key liye sabse mahatvapurna sansthaan haye. unaki sabse halia filmon mein seey ack, "dha last image", 1986 mein canness film festival mein aadhikarik chayan kaa hissa thee aur golden paam key liye namankit kii gaee thee.
lakhdaar-hamina key bete, malik lakhdar-hamina, apani pahali lambi film, "(1992) kii release key baad prasiddh hue, ack aisee film joe octuber 1988 key dangon kii padtaal karati haye, ack algerian parivaar key sookshm jagat key madhyam seey joe samkaaleen algeria key paschimi banaam islami drishtikon seey vibhajit haye. unakaa doosara betaa, taarik lakhdar-hamina, ack film nirmaata haye.
prabhaav aur yogdan.
apani sthaapana seey, algerian cinema una vaichaarik aur astitvavadi bahason key saath judaa huaa thaa joe swatantrata key algerian yuddh aur uttar aupaniveshik rashtra-nirmaan charan koo gherate they.
iss sandarbh mein, lakhdaar-hamina key chhayankan currier ney samanya roop seey samkaaleen magraby cinema kii ack naee filmi bhasha visheshta key vikas mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa haye, vishesh roop seey anya arab deshon aur vishesh roop seey misra key cinema udyog key filmi anubhavon seey alag.
algeria kii swatantrata key baad, algerian cinema ney rashtriya pehchaan kii khoj seey sambandhit nae kalaatmak roopon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, lekin vittiya kathinaaiyon aur ack algerian udyog kii kamee ney iss kaary koo aur adhik chunautipurna banaa diyaa.
uttari americi darshak adhikansh bhaag key liye algeria key chhayankan anubhav seey anjaan rahey hain. juuna 1969 mein algeria key film udyog key rashtriyakaran key baad, american motion pictures export association off america (mpeaa) ney sabhi algerian prastutiyon key bahishkaar kaa ahwan kiya.
apani sthaapana key baad seey, algerian cinema ney spasht roop seey samrajyavad virodhi rukh vikasit kiya. iss sambandh mein, samanya roop seey algerian chhayakar aur vishesh roop seey lakhdaar-hamina gutnirpeksh andolan aur teesare vishvavaad key vaichaarik siddhanton key prati gaharaai seey pratibaddh rahey hain. disambar 1973 mein, african, lattin americi aur asiai film nirmaata teesari vishva cinema samiti kii pahali baithak key liye algiers mein ekatra hue, joe ack swatantra teesari vishva cinematographic andolan banaane kaa prayaas bunn gayaa.
lakhdaar-hamina kii pahali filmein rashtriya pehchaan key muddon aur uttar aupaniveshik mukti key sandarbh mein swayam kii khoj kaa pataa lagaati hain. 1963 mein, unhone neptune key sanket key tahat film key liye patkatha aur samvaad likhe. 1965 mein unhone apani pahali lambi film, "dha winds off dha aures" jaari kii. film mein swatantrata key algerian yuddh key dauran apane kaid kiye gaye beton kii talash mein ack algerian mahila kii kahani koo chitrit kiya gayaa haye.
"dha winds off dha aures" koo 1966 key caine film festival mein sarvshreshth pratham kaary puraskar milaa aur ise golden paam key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa. ise 1967 mein 5vein mosco antarrashtriya film mahotsav mein bhavya puraskar key liye bhee namankit kiya gayaa thaa. ise apane aap mein samkaaleen algeria cinema kaa moolbhoot patthar maanaa jaa sakata haye. aures kii havaaon mein, lakhdaar-hamina aupaniveshik kabje kii sanrachanaatmak hinsa seey prabhaavit ack kisan samaaj key vighatan koo kathin vivaran key saath chitrit kartaa haye. yeh film spasht roop seey soviyat cinema aur saundaryashastra seey prabhaavit haye, vishesh roop seey soviyat ukraini nirdeshak alekjendar dovzenko kii. nirdeshak ney kushalata seey iss prabhaav koo ack algerian paridrishya mein anuvaadit kiya.
"aures kii havaaon" ney antarrashtriya paridrishya mein algerian cinema koo pavitra kiya. lakhdaar-hamina kii agali film, hassan terro ney apane mukhya charitra, algerian kranti key beach mein fanse ack poonjipati charitra key dussahas koo chitrit karke algeria key swatantrata sangram kii trasdi kaa ack hasyapurna tareeke seey anveshan kiya.
1972 mein release hui unaki teesari film "disambar" yaatana key mudde kii padtaal karati haye. film mein francisi senaa dwara aff. ell. aine. key sadasyon key khilaf kii gaee hinsa seey pareshan ack francisi adhikaari kaa mamla bataaya gayaa haye.
"aag key varshon kaa itihas" (1975), haalaanki, lakhdaar-hamina kaa sabse mahatvapurna kaam haye. 1975 mein, unhone duniya bhar mein pehchaan hassil kii jaba film koo paam dee 'or aitt cance seey sammaanit kiya gayaa. yeh film, joe algerian kranti kii ack vyaktigat drishti pradaan karati haye, 1939 seey francisi key khilaf 1954 key vidroh kii shuruat taka krantikari andolan key vikas kaa pataa lagaati haye.
aaj taka, "agni key varshon kaa vrittaant" ekmatra african aur arab film haye jise paam dee 'or aitt cance seey sammaanit kiya gayaa haye. film koo chhah khandon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haih "raakh key varsh", "aag key varsh", "aag key varsh", "gaadi kaa varsh", "narsamhar kaa varsh" aur "1 navambar 1954", ack tarikh joe algerian kranti aur swatantrata key yuddh kii shuruat koo chihnit karati haye.
yeh ack algerian kisan, ahmed kii kahani bataati haye, joe akaal aur sookhe seey bachane key liye apane gaanv seey bhaag jaataa haye. film upaniveshvaadi aur upaniveshvaadi key beach sangharsh mein hinsa koo ack apariharya charan key roop mein prastut karati haye; iss sambandh mein, lakhdaar-hamina ney algerian kisan samudaayon kii durdasha parr dhyaan kendrit karane kaa vikalp chunaa aur usa antar parr jore diyaa joe graameen algerian kisaanon koo ameer francisi upaniveshvadiyon seey alag kartaa thaa. film kaa ack mukhya sandesh yeh prateet hotaa haye kii jiss tarah hinsa seey adhik hinsa hoti haye, usee tarah upaniveshvaad seey kewal ack hinsak vidroh key madhyam seey ladaa jaa sakata haye. ahmed kaa anpadh kisan seey krantikari netaa mein parivartan rashtriya mukti key uddeshya seey ack swatantra rashtriya chetna kii paripakvata kaa prateek haye.
ack chhayankan drishtikon seey, "chronicle" camera takneekon kaa upayog kartaa haye joe shoshan kii aupaniveshik pranali key kaaran upade honey, abhaav aur peedaa kii bhaavanaon parr jore detaa haye. charitragat roop seey, lakhdaar-hamina ney lagaatar aupaniveshik prabhutva key khilaf hinsak sangharsh key beach ack rashtriya pehchaan key nirmaan key aspas kii vaichaarik bahason koo chitrit karane key liye chunaa haye, jiska pratinidhitva ack rashtriya samooh dwara kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii ahmed, yaa vishisht naayak virodhi jaise hassan terro. samaan roop seey, lakhdar-hamina kii filmography mein kisan duniya kii pramukhta graameen jeevan koo rashtriya pehchaan key nirmaan mein sabse mahatvapurna paridrishyon mein seey ack key roop mein pratishthit karati haye. rashtriya gaurav aur pratirodh key bhandar key roop mein algerian kisaanon kii iss mithak koo antatah 1980 key dashak key dauran badal diyaa jaayega, jaba algerian cinema shahari paatron key saath adhik chintit hoe gayaa aur uttar aupaniveshik sanghrshon key sankat parr kendrit hoe gayaa.
1982 mein release hui "rait toofaan" mein, lakhdaar-hamina hinsa seey vikhandit ack alag-thalag graameen samudaay key jeevan koo chitrit kartaa haye. yeh amra kii kahani bataati haye, ack aadami jisaki patni apani aathvin betty koo janm detee haye; ack bete key pitaa naa honey key upman kaa saamana karane mein asamarth, amra badala lene kii yojana banaati haye. yeh kathaanak lakhdar-hamina koo langic sambandhon aur langic hinsa key kathin ilaakon kaa pataa lagaane kii anumati detaa haye.

