
registan kii vijay

registan () kii vijay ack argentine sainya abhiyaan thaa jiska nirdeshan mukhya roop seey 1870 key dashak mein general julio argantino rokaa ney petagonian registan parr prabhutva sthaapit karane key iraade seey kiya thaa, jisamen mukhya roop seey swadeshi loga rahate they. registan kii vijay ney argentine key kshetron koo petagonia mein vistaarit kiya aur kshetra mein chilly key vistaar koo samaapt curr diyaa.
argentine key sainikon ney 1,000 seey adhik maipuche koo maar daala, 15,000 seey adhik koo apani paaramparik bhoomi seey visthaapit kiya aur shesh mool nivaasiyon key ack hisse koo gulam banaa liya. europeeya mool key basane vaale krishi key liye sinchai key madhyam seey bhoomi mein chaley gaye aur vikasit kiye, iss kshetra koo ack bradebasket mein badal diyaa jisane 20 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein ack krishi mahashakti key roop mein argentine key udbhav mein yogdan diyaa. 
vijay vivadaspad haye. kshamashil ise ack sabhya mission key roop mein varnit karate hain, jabaki sanshodhanvaadi ise narsamhar kaa label dete hain.
prishthabhoomi.
riyo dee laa plata key taton parr spanish upaniveshvadiyon key aagaman aur 16veen shatabdi key dauran buenos aayars shahar kii neenv ney seedhe spanish aur sthaaniya bhaaratiya janjaatiyon, mukhya roop seey kwerandi (jise pampas bhee kahaa jaataa haye) key beach pahala takraav kiya. spanish ney sthaaniya bhaartiyon seey pashu paalan key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale buenos air key bheetari ilaakon koo kharida thaa. iss upayog ney paaramparik roop seey mool nivaasiyon dwara shikaar kiye gaye adhikansh jaanvaron koo visthaapit curr diyaa aur way jeevit rahane key liye sangharsh curr rahey they. bhaaratiya logon ney shaharon mein una logon seey ladaai kii, kaee maveshiyon aur ghodon parr hamla kiya jinhone mool matribhoomi koo badal diyaa. pratishodh mein, spanish upaniveshvadiyon ney kille banaae aur hamale shuru kiye.
jaise-jaise adhik basane vaalon ney sampattiyon kaa vikas kiya, aupaniveshik kheton aur bhaaratiya kshetron koo vibhajit karane vaali seema dheere-dheere buenos air seey baahar kii or badh gaee; 18 veen shatabdi key anta mein, salado nadee sabhyataon key beach kii seema thee. bhoomi key nuksan aur maveshiyon dwara laaee gaee paryavaraniya tabahi key kaaran, kaee bhaaratiya apani janjaatiyon koo kheton mein kaam karane key liye chhodane key liye majboor hue. kuchh loga shwet aabaadi key saath aatmasaat yaa aapas mein vivaahit hain. mishrit jaati key gaucho una purushon seey vikasit hue joe kheton parr kaam karate they.
1816 mein argentine kii swatantrata key baad, praanton mein kaee sangharsh hue kyonki way sangathit karane key tareeke parr sangharsh curr rahey they. ack baar jaba yeye buss gaye, tou sarkaar yuva ganarajya dwara daavaa kii gaee bhoomi parr jaldi seey kabja karna chaahati thee (kuchh hudd taka chilly koo usee bhoomi parr apane daave koo lagu karane seey rokane key liye). yeh rashtriya krishi utpaadan koo badhaana aur bhaavi pravasiyon koo naee bhoomi pradaan karna chaahata thaa.
1833 mein, buenos aayars praant mein juan manual dee rosas aur cuyo kshetra mein anya sainya netaaon ney pratirodhi swadeshi janjaatiyon koo khatm karane kii koshish karane key liye aakramak gatividhiyon kaa samanvaya kiya, lekin kewal rosas key abhiyaan ney kuchh safalata hassil kii. iss samay taka chilly ney 1845 mein magellan jaldamroomadhya mein punta erena kii sthaapana kii thee, jisase petagonia mein argentine key daavon koo khatra thaa. baad mein 1861 mein, chilly ney arakania parr kabja karna shuru curr diyaa, jisane kshetra mein apane pratidvandi key badhate prabhaav key kaaran argentine key adhikaariyon koo chintit curr diyaa. chilly ney apane madhya kshetra mein maanchitra koo haraaya thaa. iss swadeshi janjaati key paas andes key poorv kii or khanabdosh janjaatiyon key saath majboot bhasha aur saanskritik sambandh they, jinake saath way ack hii bhasha saajha karate hain.
1872 mein, swadeshi netaa kalfukura aur unake 6,000 anuyaayiyon ney samanya alver, venticinco dee meyo aur neway dee julio key shaharon parr hamla kiya. unhone 300 basane vaalon koo maar daala aur 200,000 maveshiyon key sir koo bhagaa diyaa. yeye ghatanaaen registan kii vijay key liye sarkaar key liye ack utprerak theen.
bhaartiyon ney chori kiye gaye maveshiyon koo ghuspaith ("malone") seey chilly taka rastrilada dee loss chilino key madhyam seey chalaaya aur unhein maal key liye vyaapaar kiya. itihaaskaar george vee. rauch ney iss baat key sabooton koo nott kiya kii chilly key adhikaari maveshiyon kii utpatti key baare mein jaanate they aur petagonian kshetron parr apane prabhaav koo majboot karane key liye vyaapaar key liye sahamati vyakt kii. unhein ummeed thee kii way bhavishya mein una bhoomi parr kabja curr lenge.
alsina kaa abhiyaan.
1875 mein, rashtrapati nicolas avelaneda key tahat yuddh mantri adolfo alsina ney sarkaar koo ack yojana key saath prastut kiya, jise baad mein unhone "registan koo aabaadi mein laane aur bhaartiyon koo nasht karane key liye naheen" key lakshya key roop mein varnit kiya."
pahala kadam buenos air aur "kille" (kille) koo telegraph lines seey jodana thaa. sarkaar ney sardar juan jose catarial key saath ack shaanti sandhi parr hastakshar kiye. lekin unhone ise thode samay baad toda diyaa, kyonki sardar manuel namunkura aur 3,500 yoddhaon key saath milkar unhone trace aroyos, tandil, azul aur anya shaharon aur kheton parr hamla kiya. hatahaton kii sankhya 1872 kii tulanaa mein adhik theeh catarial aur namunkura kii senaa ney 400 basane vaalon koo maar daala, 300 anya koo pakad liya, aur 300,000 maveshiyon key sir koo bhagaa diyaa.
alsina ney bhaartiyon parr hamla kiya, unhein vaapas girane key liye majboor kiya, aur jeete gaye kshetron kii raksha key liye dakshin kii or apane raaste mein "kille" chhod diye. unhone zanza dee alsina ("alsina kii khaai") naamak 374 kimmy lambi khaai kaa bhee nirmaan kiya. yeh ajeya kshetron key liye ack kileband seema maani jaati thee. teen meater chauda aur dou meater gahara, yeh bhaartiyon dwara pashu abhiyaan mein baadha key roop mein kaam kartaa thaa.
bhaartiyon ney buenos aayars praant aur mendoza praant key dakshin mein kheton seey maveshi lena jaari rakhaa, lekin jaanvaron key apane march koo dheema karane key kaaran unhein bachane mein mushkil hui. unhein gashti ikaaiyon kaa saamana karna padaa joe unake peechhe chala rahee theen. jaise-jaise yuddh aage badhaa, kuchh bhaartiyon ney antatah shaanti sandhiyon parr hastakshar kiye aur kilon kii rekhaaon key peechhe "isaaiyon" key beach buss gaye. kuchh janjaatiyaan argentine sarkaar key saath gathbandhan karati theen, tatasth khadee rahati theen yaa cumm baar, argentine kii senaa key liye ladatee theen. badale mein, unhein maveshiyon aur bhojan kaa aavadhik maal diyaa jaataa thaa. 1877 mein alsina kii mrityu key baad, julio argantino rokaa koo yuddh mantri niyukt kiya gayaa aur unhone ranneeti badalane kaa faisala kiya.
rokaa kaa abhiyaan.
alsina key vipareet, julio argantino rokaa kaa maanana thaa kii bhaaratiya khatare key khilaf ekmatra samadhan unhein bujhaana, vash mein karna yaa nikaalana thaa.
1878 key anta mein unhone bhaaratiya bastiyon parr lagaatar aur vyavasthit hamalon dwara alsina khaai aur nigro nadee key beach key kshetra koo "saaf" karane key liye pahala sweep shuru kiya. 6 disambar 1878 koo, curnell teodoro garsia key tahat puan division key tatvon kii lihue calle oonchaai parr ack deshi yuddh dall key saath jhadap hui. ack sankshipt lekin kathin ladaai mein, 50 bhaaratiya maare gaye, 270 koo pakad liya gayaa aur 33 basane vaalon koo riha curr diyaa gayaa.
disambar 1878 taka kaee sashastr muthbhedon key baad, 4,000 seey adhik bhaartiyon koo pakad liya gayaa thaa aur 400 maare gaye they, 150 basane vaalon koo riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 15,000 maveshiyon key sir baramad kiye gaye they.
naee breach-loading remington rifles seey lais 6,000 sainikon key saath, 1879 mein general rokaa ney doosara sweep shuru kiya, 1,313 bhaartiyon koo maarne aur 15,000 seey adhik koo pakadane key baad, dou maheenon mein choel choel taka pahunch gayaa. anya binduon seey, dakshin kii or jaane vaali companiyon ney nigro nadee aur nigro nadee kii ack uttari sahayak nadee, nuquen nadee taka apana raasta banaaya. donon nadiyon ney milkar andis seey atlantic mahasagar taka kii praakritik seema koo chihnit kiya. iss hamale key kaaran carrehue aur pookon, chilly key aspas key kshetra mein maipuche kaa ack badaa pravaas huaa.
inn dou nadiyon key besin parr kaee europeeya-sainya bastiyon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, saath hii saath colorado nadee parr ack sankhya kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. samudra dwara, kuchh bastiyaan chubut nadee key dakshini besin parr banaai gaeen, mukhya roop seey velsh upaniveshvadiyon dwara vaaee vladfa mein.
antim abhiyaan.
rokaa koo chunaa gayaa aur nicolas avelaneda koo rashtrapati key roop mein chunaa gayaa. unhone socha kii jald seey jald nigro nadee key dakshin kshetra koo jeetana anivarya thaa, aur curnell conrado villegas kii kamaan mein 1881 key abhiyaan kaa adesh diyaa.
ack saal key bheetar villegas ney nuquen praant parr vijay praapt kii (vaha lime nadee taka pahunch gayaa). abhiyaan ney bhaaratiya pratirodh koo aur dakshin kii or dhakelana jaari rakhaa, 18 octuber, 1884 koo antim ladaai ladane key liye. antim vidrohi samooh, incoil aur foyal key sardaaron kii kamaan mein 3,000 seey adhik yoddhaon key saath, dou maheene baad vartamaan chubut praant mein aatmasamarpan curr diyaa.
1880 key dashak mein argentine kii pragati ney chilly key poorv mein swadeshi samudaayon key saath chilly aur german chilly key vyaapaar koo prabhaavi roop seey baadhit curr diyaa. iska matlab thaa kii dakshini chilly mein chamade key vyapariyon koo andis koo paar karna padaa aur pashudhan sanchaalan sthaapit karna padaa. isake parinamswarup, argentine mein kaee chilly key swaamitva vaali companiyon kii sthaapana hui. way chilly seey shramikon kaa ayaat karate they, jyaadaatar loga chilo dweepsamuh seey they. yeh iss sandarbh mein thaa kii german chilly carlos weederhold ney 1895 mein vyaparik chauki aur dukaan "laa elemana" kii sthaapana kii, jisase bariloche shahar vikasit huaa.
seema parr jhadapen.
petagonia kii argentine kii vijay kaa mukabala karane key liye, chilly key logon ney apane bhaaratiya maanchitra sahyogiyon koo hathiyar, golaa-barud aur ghodon kii aapoorti kii. 16 janwari 1883 koo, ack badey bhaaratiya yuddh dall kaa peechha karate hue argentine senaa kii ack pulton kaa 10-sadasyiya khand, chilly key sainikon dwara sthaapit pulmeri ghaati mein ghaat lagaakar hamla karane lagaa. isake baad hui sagaai mein, leftinent nicolaus lazcano aur kaee niji logon key saath argentine key kaptan emilio cruisals maare gaye.
17 farwari 1883 koo, leftinent-curnell juan diaz, ack 16-aadami argentine paidal senaa tukadi key pramukh key roop mein, 100 seey 150 bhaartiyon key ack yuddh dall key peechhe they. pulmari ghaati mein pahunchane parr, way bhaartiyon aur lagbhag 50 chilly key sainikon seey ghire hue they. bahut adhik sankhya mein, argentine key sainikon ney kushalata seey apane hamlaavaron seey mukabala kiya, jisamen chilly kii tukadi dwara lagaae gaye ack beyonet charge bhee shamil thaa. 21 farwari 1883 koo, argentine kii senaa key pramukh manual prado key anusaar, winchester aur martini-heinry rifles seey lais bhaartiyon ney argentine-chilly seema parr kaam curr rahee argentine kii senaa kii tukadi parr hamla kiya. chaar ghante kii ladaai mein, lagbhag 100 yoddhaon kii keemat parr 22 argentine sanic maare gaye yaa ghayal hoe gaye.
aitihaasik vivaad.
itihaaskaar gens enderman ney nott kiya haye kii abhiyaan key samkaaleen sroton ney nishkarsh nikala haye kii vijay kaa uddeshya argentine sarkaar dwara swadeshi janjaatiyon koo samaapt karna thaa, aur ise narsamhar key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. pratyaksh vivaranon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii argentine key sainikon ney kaidiyon koo maar daala aur "saamoohik nishpaadan" kiye. bandee banaae gaye 15,000 mool nivasi naukar yaa kaidi bunn gaye aur unhein bachche paida karane seey roque diyaa gayaa."
kshamaprarthi iss abhiyaan koo vishesh roop seey una swadeshi samoohon koo jeetane key iraade key roop mein dekhate hain jinhone argentine key kaanoon key adheen honey seey incar curr diyaa aur aksar seemavarti nagrik bastiyon parr kroor hamale kiye. inn hamalon mein, mool nivaasiyon ney kaee ghode aur maveshi churaa liye, apane pashudhan kaa bachaav karane vaale purushon koo maar daala, aur mahilaaon aur bachchon koo gulam aur/yaa bhaaratiya yoddhaon kii jabaran dulhan banane key liye pakad liya.
"abhibhaavak ney 2011 mein aarop lagaaya kii registan kii vijay parr vivaad key kaaran dou shiksha adhikaariyon ney apani naukari khou deeh yeh bataaya kii juan jose cresto koo argentine key rashtriya aitihaasik sangrahalaya key nideshak key roop mein istifa dene key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa kyonki unhone kahaa thaa kii bhaaratiya hinsak parjivi they jinhone kheton parr hamla kiya aur mahilaaon kaa apaharan curr liya" aur laa pampa praant mein ack itihas shikshak beatridge horn koo ack radio station koo yeh bataane key liye nikaal diyaa gayaa thaa kii bhaartiyon koo udaan bharane aur europeeya basane vaalon key liye argentine kii seema kholane key liye rokaa prashansa kaa hakdar thaa."haalaanki, argentine key samachar sroton ney bataaya kii juan jose cresto ney karmchaariyon key prati apmaanjanak aur hinsak honey key kaaran apani naukari khou dee aur beatridge horn koo mukhya roop seey sainya tanashah leopoldo galteri kii prashansa key kaaran nikaal diyaa gayaa thaa.
haal key varshon mein, maipuche adhikaar samoohon aur anya karyakarta sangathanon ney aadhikarik raajya chhavi mein rokaa key pratinidhitva kii aalochana kii haye. bariloche key nagrik kendra mein rokaa kii ack pratima sthaaniya amerindian adhikaar sangathanon dwara virodh aur bhitti chitron key liye ack niyamit sthal haye.

