
kamare kaa ghar

ack kamare kaa ghar, jise "bahu-kirayedar ghar" bhee kahaa jaataa haye, ack "ghar haye jisamen kaee kamare alag-alag kiraaye parr diye jaate hain", jisamen kirayedar rasoighar aur aksar bathroom kii suvidhaon koo saajha karate hain. kamare vaale gharon kaa upayog aksar cumm aaya vaale logon key liye awas key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, kyonki kamare vaale ghar (hotalon mein ekal kamare kii adhibhog ikaaiyon key saath) ekal vayaskon key liye sabse cumm mahange awas hain. kamare vaale ghar aamtaur parr niji jamindaaron key swaamitva aur sanchaalan mein hotey hain. kamare key gharon koo vishesh roop seey nirmit awas key bajaay "rahane kii vyavastha" key roop mein behtar varnit kiya jaataa haye; kamare key gharon mein aise loga shamil hotey hain joe ack saath naheen rahate hain, aksar ack maujooda ghar mein, aur ack rasoi, bathroom (jyaadaatar mamalon mein), aur ack baithak kaksh yaa bhojan kaksh saajha karate hain. iss tarah seey kamare vaale ghar samooh key gharon aur anya kamare key saathi sthitiyon key samaan hain. jabaki vahaan uddeshya-nirmit kamare hain, yeye durlabh hain.
sthiti.
2016 mein ontario key ottawa mein kamaron key gharon key ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii "kaee ikaaiyaan bahut kharaab sthiti mein hain", jaise kii saanche, tilchatte, bedbug aur toote hue taale. montrial rooming house key baare mein ack lekh mein kahaa gayaa haye kii ikaaiyon mein aksar bedbug aur "doshpurna nalsaji" hoti haye.
kamare vaale ghar pahunch, suvidhaon aur baajaron key karib sthaanon parr sthit hotey hain. visheshagya builder nau uchch maanak, cumm rakharkhaav vaale sookshm apartment banaate hain jahan ack baar ack ekal adhibhog awas kewal ack kiraaye parr lautata.
nivaasiyon.
ack ottawa adhyayan mein, kamaron mein rahane vaale gharon mein rahane vaale 50 pratishat seey adhik logon koo mansik swaasthya kaa nidan paaya gayaa.
toronto rooming house key nivaasiyon key 1998 key ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii unakaa swaasthya samanya aabaadi aur cumm aaya kii tulanaa mein kharaab thaa.
torrento mein 171 kamaron vaale gharon key 295 nivaasiyon key ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii "35 varsh aur usase adhik ayu key nivaasiyon kii swaasthya sthiti kanada kii samanya aabaadi mein unake samkakshon kii tulanaa mein kaafee kharaab thee" aur nivaasiyon mein "kharaab swaasthya kii uchch vyaapaktaa" thee, jisamen sabse kharaab nivasi (swaasthya key drishtikon seey) sabse garib-rakharkhaav vaale aur sabse ghatiya kamare vaale gharon mein rahate they.
montrial mein kamaron key baare mein ack lekh mein kahaa gayaa haye kii cumm aaya vaale logon key liye ghar ghar beghar honey key jokhim mein "sadak seey pahale antim padaav" hain.
sarkari hastakshep.
niyam.
sabhi kamare vaale ghar kanuni naheen hain, nireekshan ikaaiyaan hain, kyonki kuchh jamindar binaa licenses vaale kamare bhee kiraaye parr dete hain. winnipeg mein, shahar sarkaar kii chaar shaakhaaen kamare key gharon koo viniyamit karati hainh ack licenses shakha, ack vyavasaay shakha, ack "rahane kii kshamata" jeevan maanak kaanoon aur agni roktham shakha. rahane kii yogyata key manakon key liye 10 nivaasiyon key liye cumm seey cumm ack bathroom kii aavashyakta hoti haye (kuchh swaasthya shodhkartaon ney harr chaar kiraayedaron key liye ack bathroom kii aavashyakta haye).
torrento shahar dwara kamaron key gharon koo viniyamit karane key prayason key bavjood, ack adrishya, apanjikrit kamare kaa ghar kshetra haye, jiska vigyaapan online yaa bulletin boardon parr kiya jaataa haye, aksar upnagariya tehkhaanon mein joe kamaron mein upvibhajit hotey hain. kamare vaale gharon key badhate viniyaman seey upalabdh kamare vaale gharon kii sankhya mein girawat aaa sakati haye, kyonki makaan malik aavedan naheen karane aur shahar key licenses key liye shulk kaa bhugtan karane kaa vikalp chuna sakate hain, aur aavashyak suraksha aavashyaktaon (sprinkler, aag seey bachane kii vyavastha, aadi) koo puuraa curr sakate hain.).
2018 mein, ottawa (ontario) shahar ney navanirmit gharon mein shayankakshon kii sankhya koo seemit karane key liye niyam banaae, taaki paanch seey aathh shayankakshon vaale gharon key nirmaan koo rokaa jaa sakey, joe avaidh kamare vaale ghar bunn sakate hain, jinhen bolchal kii bhasha mein "bunkhouse" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
subsidy.
nyu brunswick, nova skotia aur manitoba mein, praantiya sarkaar key paas dhana karyakram hain joe cumm aaya vaale logon kii seva karane vaale kamaron key maalikon aur jamindaaron koo vittiya sahaayata pradaan karate hain; dhana kaa upayog sanrachanaatmak, vidyut, nalsaji yaa agni suraksha prakriti kii marammat key liye kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
itihas.
1920 key dashak seey pahale, vaanijyik kamare aksar poorv boarding house they. americi grihyuddh key baad, boarding house cumm aam hoe gaye, 1875 mein (saine francisco mein) kiraaye kii soochi key 40 pratishat seey ghatkar 1900 mein 10 pratishat hoe gaye, aur 1910 taka 1 pratishat seey bhee cumm hoe gaye. iss parivartan kaa ack kaaran yeh thaa kii 1880 key dashak key baad key dashakon mein, shahari sudharakon ney shaharon key aadhunikikaran parr kaam karna shuru curr diyaa; "kshetron key bheetar ekroopata, samajik vargon kaa cumm mishran, pratyek parivaar key liye adhikatam gopaniyata, kaee gatividhiyon key liye bahut cumm ghanatva, sadakon seey vaapas sthaapit imaaraten, aur ack sthaayi roop seey nirmit adesh" banaane key unake prayaas kaa matlab thaa kii ekal logon key liye awas koo kaatna yaa samaapt karna thaa. 1930 key dashak kii shuruat taka, shahari sudhaarak aam taur parr niji gharon key "samaan aur sanrakshit ekal-upayog aavaasiya jile", sudharakon key pasandida awas prakaar koo lagu karane key liye code aur zoning kaa upayog curr rahey they. 1936 mein, aff. aich. aeye. sampatti manakon ney ack awas koo "mukhya roop seey aavaasiya uddeshyon key liye upayog kii jaane vaali kissy bhee sanrachana" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya, yeh dekhate hue kii "vaanijyik kamare vaale gharon aur paryatak gharon, sanitarium, paryatak kebinon, clubon yaa bhratritvon koo nivaas naheen maanaa jaayega" kyonki unake paas "niji rasoighar aur ack niji snan" naheen thaa jise sudharakon ney "uchit ghar" mein aavashyak key roop mein dekhaa.
aff. aich. aeye. niyamon ney dukaanon, karyalayon yaa kiraaye key awas key astitva koo "pratikool prabhaav" aur "avaanchhaniya samudayik sthitiyon" key roop mein kahaa, jisase kissy bhee pados mein pradaan kiye gaye nivesh aur marammat samarthan koo cumm kiya gayaa joe pasandida ekal-parivaar-ghar upayog seey vichalit thaa. bhoomi upayog sudharakon ney kshetra key niyamon koo bhee paarit kiya joe apratyaksh roop seey kamare vaale gharon koo cumm karate hainh pados mein mishrit aavaasiya aur vaanijyik upayog parr pratibandh, ack drishtikon jiska arth thaa kii kissy bhee shesh kamare vaale ghar key nivaasiyon koo sthaaniya kaife mein khaana yaa bhojan khareedane key liye paas key koney mein kiraane kii dukaan parr chalana mushkil hoga. inn nae kshetra niyamon key tahat dhaarmik sansthanon (churchon) aur peshevar karyalayon (doctors, vakeelon) jaise gair-aavaasiya upayogon kii anumati abhee bhee thee, lekin shramik varg key logon (nalsaj, yantriki) koo apane vyavasaay sanchaalit karane kii anumati naheen thee.
1910 taka, vaanijyik kamare vaale ghar ack "saste hotal" key samaan honey lagey, jisamen bahumanjila imaaraten, aksar 25 seey 40 saal purani hoti hain, jisamen malik ghar koo aaya sampatti key roop mein upayog karate hain. sanchaalak, aamtaur parr boarding house key poorv prabandhak, bhojan pradaan karane key vyavasaay seey baahar nickle rahey they. isase malik saajha bhojan kaksh aur parlor koo atirikt kiraaye key kamaron mein badalane aur bhojan kii taiyari key liye bhugtan karna bund curr sakey. aksar solah seey athaarah kamare hotey they, jinamen yaa tou kendriya heating yaa chhote kamare mein heating stove hotey they. ack ekal snanghar aamtaur parr pradaan kiya jaataa thaa, jisamen kewal kuchh dinon mein germ paani upalabdh hotaa thaa aur prati saptah snan kii anumati kii sankhya taka seemit hoti thee. black rooming gharon koo chhodkar, algaav key kaaran adhikansh kamaron vaale gharon mein ashweton koo anumati naheen thee. puraane georger hotalon koo kamaron vaale gharon mein badal diyaa gayaa. kuchh udyamiyon ney khaali godamon koo saste kamare vaale gharon mein bhee badal diyaa. 1900 seey pahale, lift durlabh they, isaliye kamare key nivaasiyon koo seedhiyaan chadhani padati theen. puraane gharon aur godamon koo kamaron key khandon mein jaldbaji mein badalane kaa matlab aamtaur parr divaaron koo patala karna thaa, isaliye nivasi ack-dusare koo suna sakate they.
1926 mein saine francisco key kamaron key gharon key ack adhyayan mein jeevan kii kharaab sthiti paaee gaeeh
"aise kaale kamare they jahan pahale bijli kii roshni chaalu kiye binaa washstand dhoondhana asambhav thaa; aise kamare jahan kaalinon seey badbu aatee thee, aur furniture kharaab aur feeke hoe jaate they; gaanthdaar dohare bistaron aur gandey feete key parde vaale soney key kamare. . . . adhikansh kamaron mein aisee mund roshni thee kii shaam koo koee bhee padh naheen sakata thaa."
1920 key dashak seey pahale, silai yaa seva pradaata key roop mein kaam karane vaali mahilaaon key liye majdoori aksar unake liye apane kamare kaa kharch uthaane key liye bahut cumm thee, isaliye aksar mahilaaen doosari mahila key saath ack kamra saajha karati theen. una kshetron key kaaran jahaan kamare key ghar key nivasi rahate they, unhein aksar naee naukariyon kii talash key kaaran, mausami kaam key kaaran yaa chhantani key kaaran jaanaa padata thaa, jiska arth thaa kii ack kamare key ghar mein kirayedar poore ack saal mein badal jaate they. jaise, kamare key nivaasiyon key paas kewal ack yaa dou thaile yaa sampatti kaa ack hii tukada hotaa thaa. 19veen shatabdi aur 20veen shatabdi key beach ack aur badalaav dharm (catholic, protestant), jaatiya mool (ayrish) yaa vyavasaay (yantriki, rasoiye) key anusaar kamaron key gharon koo alag karna thaa; jabaki yeh 19veen shatabdi mein aam thaa, yeh 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein cumm aam hoe gayaa. 20veen shatabdi mein kamare vaale gharon mein, purushon yaa mahilaaon key samlaingik jode ack saath reh sakate they yadi way ack kamare mein dost saajha karate hue dikhaai dete they aur avivaahit vishamalaingik jode binaa asweekriti key ack kamare mein reh sakate they. boarding houses kii bhojan seva koo hataane key saath, kamare vaale gharon koo khaane vaalon aur anya saste khaadya vyavsaayon key paas honah aavashyak thaa. kamaron key gharon ney aalochana koo aakarshit kiyaah 1916 mein, ack protestant mantri, walter crumwielde ney kamare key ghar yaa boarding house system koo ack makadi kii tarah apane jaal koo failaate hue dekhaa, joe anjaan aatma koo pakadane key liye ack octopus kii tarah apani baahon koo failata haye."
1930 aur 1940 key dashak mein, "chhatron, ekal shramikon, apravasiyon aur navvivaahiton key ghar chhodane yaa shahar aaney parr rahane key liye kamare yaa boarding house koo sammaanjanak sthaanon key roop mein liya gayaa thaa. toronto mein, 1930 key dashak mein, mahamandi key dauran kamare vaale ghar aam they, kyonki "ameer ghar key malik" jinake paas atithi ghar they, way apane gharon koo rakhane mein saksham honey key liye khaali kamare kiraaye parr lete they. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, shahar ney sunishchit kiya kii lautane vaale sainikon key liye kamare kii jagah upalabdh hoe. 1949 mein, ack samajshastri ney loss angils key kamare key ghar key pados koo "gumnam kshansthaayi brahmand" kahaa."choonki paaramparik varg kii bhoomikaaen ghar aur parivaar key aspas adharit theen, isaliye kamare key gharon mein rahane vaale loga kamkaji varg, madhyam varg yaa uchch varg key pattern mein fitt naheen hotey they; isake bajaay, way ack tarah seey" "samajik aur saanskritik shithilata" "mein they, jisamen kaee loga badhane kii ummeed curr rahey they.
haalaanki, 1950 key dashak mein awas mein uchhaal key saath, madhyam varg key nae loga apane gharon yaa apartment kaa kharch uthaa sakate they, jiska arth thaa kii kamare aur boarding house kaa upayog mukhya roop seey maadhyamik key baad key chhatron, kamkaji garibon yaa berojgaaron dwara kiya jaane lagaa. 1960 key dashak taka, kamare aur boarding house bigad rahey they, kyonki aadhikarik shahar kii neetiyon ney unhein nazarandaj curr diyaa thaa. 1970 key dashak taka, niveshakon ney shahar key gharon koo kharidana shuru curr diyaa, unhein kiraaye kii aaya banaane key liye asthaayi kamare vaale gharon mein badal diyaa, jaba taka kii awas bajar mein sampattiyon koo bechane key liye vaanchhit moolya taka naheen pahunch gayaa, ack prakriya jise komalata kahaa jaataa haye. 1977 seey 1987 taka, montrial ney apane lagbhag 40 pratishat kamare khou diye, jisase cumm aaya vaale logon key liye kifayati awas kii kamee paida hoe gaee haye.
2014 taka, kaee sarkari vibhagon seey judey ack jatil niyaamak dhaanche aur awas bajar mein "bajar key dabaav" key kaaran kamare vaale ghar winnipeg seey gayab hoe rahey they. toronto rooming house key baare mein 2014 kii ack report mein upnagariya rooming houses mein vriddhi kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye, aksar tahakhaane mein; yeh parivartan iss dhaarana koo chunauti detaa haye kii rooming house sirf ack aantarik shahar kii ghatana haye.