
yomuri swatantra pradarshani

yomiyuri anpaan", jise pyaar seey "yomiyuri anpaan" upnaam diyaa gayaa thaa, 1949 seey 1963 taka japan key tokyo mein salana aayojit ack prasiddh anumati, binaa kissy nyaay key, mukt-seey-pradarshani kalaa pradarshani thee. "yomiyuri shimbun" samachar patra dwara praayojit, pradarshani tokyo mahanagariya kalaa sangrahalaya mein aayojit kii gaee thee aur japan mein yuddh key baad awant-garde aur samkaaleen kalaa key udbhav mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai thee.
itihaaskaar thomas havens ney yomiyuri independent koo "japan mein yuva drishya kalakaron key liye yuddh key baad key loktantra kaa mukhya vaahan" aur "nae vichaaron aur samagriyon kaa bajar" kahaa haye, jinake paas clubby lalit kalaa pratishthaan key saath sampark kii kamee thee."yomiyuri independent mein kalakritiyon kaa pradarshan karane vaale kalakaron mein jenpei akasegawa, shusaku arkawa, nobuaki kozima, tetsumi kudo, kyushu-haa samooh, natsuyuki nakanishi, taaro okamoto, ushio shinohara, mitsuko tebe, jiro takamatsu, katsuhiro yamaguchi aur jiro yoshihara shamil they.
sthaapana.
yomiyuri swatantra pradarshani kii sthaapana 1949 mein "yomiyuri shimbun" samachar patra dwara "kalaa duniya kaa loktantrikaran" karane aur swatantra soch aur swatantra abhivyakti koo badhaava dene key prayaas mein kii gaee thee. pradarshani key peechhe kaa mastermind patrakaar haddo cado thaa, joe "yomiyuri" key sanskriti khand kaa sadasya thaa. cado ney japani lalit kalaa mein yuddh seey pahale key padanukram seey nafrat kii, jisamen kalakaron aur kalaa alochakon key chhote guton koo anaupchaarik roop seey "gaadan" (film) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe sarkaar dwara praayojit nitten pradarshani jaisi nyaay pradarshaniyon taka prabhaavi roop seey pahunch koo niyantrit karate hain aur chuninda roop seey chune gaye protej key currier koo aage badhaate hain jabaki dusaron key maargon koo avaruddh karate hain. apane hisse key liye, "yomiyuri" samachar patra key prabandhan ney ummeed jataai kii pradarshani koo praayojit karane seey samachar patra sakaratmak jansampark kaa laabh uthaayega aur japan key sattawadi yuddhakaaleen shasson key saath samachar patra key halia sahyog seey khud koo door curr legaa.
mool roop seey, pradarshani koo nihon swatantra pradarshani ("nihon aur deepandan duss") kahaa jaataa thaa, lekin iss sheershak kaa japan communist party seey sambaddh japan lalit kalaa sangh ("nihon bijitsukai") dwara jordar virodh kiya gayaa thaa, jisane apani pradarshani key liye usee naam kaa upayog kiya thaa. antatah 1957 mein, "yomiyuri" ney apana naam badalkar "yomiyuri independent" curr diyaa, jiss samay dou pratidvandi "nihon independent" pradarshaniyon kii samasya antatah hull hoe gaee. isi samay key aspas, kalakaron ney show koo pyaar seey "yomiyuri anapan" upnaam denaa shuru curr diyaa."anpaan" "endepandan" kaa ack sankshipt naam thaa, lekin japani mein "" anpaan "" naamak meethe laal bean key buns parr ack jaanboojhkar shlesh bhee thaa. 
krantikari sthaan.
praarambhik varshon mein, pradarshani mein dikhaae gaye kaary puraane, achchi tarah seey sthaapit kalakaron aur kalaatmak shaukinon dwara prastut paaramparik chitra they. haalaanki, 1950 key dashak key uttaraardh mein, pradarshani dheere-dheere ack kalaatmak krantikari sthaan mein badal gaee.
1950 key dashak key anta mein, aprasthaapit yuva kalakaron key liye saarvajanik sthaanon parr apani kalakritiyon koo pradarshit karna abhee bhee behad mushkil thaa. deerghaon aur pradarshaniyon taka pahunch sthaapit kalaa samitiyon key prabhutva vaali chayan samitiyon dwara pratibandhit thee joe aksar vyaktigat sambandhon aur vaichaarik roop seey sanchaalit manakon key anusaar pravishtiyon kii jaanch karati theen. usa samay kii dou swatantra, apramaanit pradarshaniyon mein, nihon independent mein samajwadi yathaarthvaad kaa prabhutva thaa, joe usa samay communist party aur prachalit kalaa rujhaanon key saath apane ghanishth sambandh koo darshaata thaa, jisase yomiyuri koo samajwadi yathaarthvaadi mukhyadhara key baahar yuva kalakaron key liye apane kaam koo dikhaane key liye ekmatra vikalp key roop mein swatantra chhod diyaa gayaa thaa.
udaaharan key liye, usa samay key ack yuva, aprasthaapit kalakar jenpei akasegawa ney shuru mein nihon independent koo apani kritiyaan prastut keen, lekin samajwadi yathaarthvaadi kalaatmak roodhivaad key anuroop honey key dabaav key beach unhein vahaan adhik seey adhik pasand naheen kiya gayaa. halanki akasegawa aur anya kalakaron ney shuru mein yomiyuri independent key samaksh samarpan kaa virodh kiya kyonki ack pramukh mukhyadhara key samachar patra dwara isake corporate prayojan ney poonjeevaad key saath ack sambaddhata kaa pratinidhitva kiya joe kaee kalakaron key liye apriya thaa, nihon independent kii sankeern roodhivaadita ney yomiri independent koo apani ekmatra shesh pasand banaa diyaa. kalakar ushio shinohara ney baad mein yaad kiya, "hamane apane karyon koo yomiyuri independent mein pravesh kiya kyonki yahee ekmatra jagah thee jahan humm unhein dikhaa sakate they. una dinon shayed hii koee sangrahalaya yaa deerghaaen theen, aur koee sanrakshak naheen thaa."
inmein seey kaee yuva kalakaron key liye, yomiyuri independent key dou saptah varsh kaa pramukh karyakram thaa, aur way apani rachnaatmaktaa koo pradarshit karane kii taiyari mein shesh varsh kaa adhikansh samay bitaate they aur ummeed karate they kii saahas aur saahas key mamle mein apane sathiyon koo ack-dusare key saath pesh karate they. akasegawa ney baad mein yaad kiya kii kaise 1950 key dashak key antim varshon mein, yomiyuri independent mein ack tarah kii pratispardha ubhari, yeh dekhane key liye kii kisaki "painting" canvas kii satah seey sabse adhik baahar nikaal sakati haye. pahale kalakaron ney rait kaa upayog kiya, phir kaanch aur nakhun, aur phir badee aur badee "paaee gaee vastuein" jaba taka kii antatah vastuein poori tarah seey chitra frame seey butch naheen gaeen aur "garv seey farsh parr khade honey key liye canvas seey mukt hoe gaeen.1958 taka, paaramparik kalakaron ney chitrakala key kattarpanthi nae roopon, paaee gaee vastuon key vichitra sanyojanon aur ajib pratishthanon koo peechhe chhodate hue pradarshani koo chhod diyaa thaa. 1959 taka, kalaa sameekshak tamon miki ney ghoshana kii kii yomiyuri independent ney unhein "ack pradarshani sthal key bajaay ack pradarshan sthaan kii bhavna dee."
radd karna.
samay key saath tokyo mahanagariya kalaa sangrahalaya key prabandhan ney yomiyuri independent koo prastut kuchh adhik charam kalakritiyon parr roque lagaana shuru curr diyaa. 1958 mein, pradarshani mein apani pahali asweekrit kalaakriti dekhi gaee, jaba kyushu-haa samooh ney "kachra kalaakriti" naamak ack kaam koo pradarshit karane kii koshish kii, jisamen vaastavik kachare kaa dher shamil thaa. 1962 key karyakram key dauran, sangrahalaya key curators ney kalakar ushio nakazawa key laal syaahi key vinail bagg koo sankshep mein hataa diyaa, jiss parr agantukon koo chalana thaa aur iss tarah poore sangrahalaya mein laal syaahi kaa pataa lagaakar "kalaa banaana" thaa. usa varsh baad mein, sangrahalaya ney apane parisar seey kaee vastuon aur kalakritiyon parr pratibandh lagaane kaa adesh jaari kiya, jisamen kuchh prakaar kii nagna tasveeren, talvaaren aur anya hathiyar, khaadya padaarth joe gandh yaa sarh sakate hain, jore seey shore paida karane vaale kaam, aur paani, rait, bajari yaa anya samagriyon kaa upayog karane vaali kalaakritiyaan joe sangrahalaya key farsh aur divaaron koo nuksan pahuncha rahee theen. shuzo takiguchi, ichiro hariu, yoshiki tono aur tamon miki sahit kalaa alochakon ney turant inn nae pratibandhon kaa virodh kiya, unhein "abhivyakti kii swatantrata key liye bahut pareshan karane vaalaa" kahaa, lekin koee fayda naheen huaa. kalakaron ney swayam bhee virodh kiya, aur virodh mein sangrahalaya key baahar apane underwear mein naach rahey kalakaron key ack samooh koo shaaririk roop seey hataane key liye pulis koo bulaaya gayaa. kalakaron ney pratibandhon koo bhee nazarandaj curr diyaa, aur pradarshani key 1963 sanskaran (joe antim saabit huaa) mein anya nishiddh vastuon key saath-saath, paani, chaku, kaanch key tukadon, steel drum key jore seey aur karkash upayog seey bharee ack snan balty, aur ack french roll, udon, bean sprouts aur tofu sahit kharaab honey vaale khaadya padarthon koo shamil karane vaali kalaakritiyaan shamil theen.
1964 key yomiyuri independent key khulane seey mushkil seey ack maheene pahale, afvaahon key beach kii agami kalaakritiyaan pahale seey kaheen adhik jangli aur adhik vichitra hongi, "yomiyuri shimbun" ney achaanak ghoshana kii kii vaha pradarshani key apane prayojan koo samaapt curr rhaa haye, aur jaba koee nayaa praayojak aage naheen badhaa, tou yomiyuri independent 15 saal key vaarshik show key baad samaapt hoe gayaa. samaapti kii ghoshana karate hue, samachar patra ney pradarshani key mission koo poori tarah seey puuraa karane kii ghoshana karate hue kahaa, "hamara maanana haye kii kalakaron key liye apane swayam key mamalon kaa prabandhan karane kaa samay aaa gayaa haye. humm aashvast hain kii hamane apane uddeshyon koo praapt curr liya haye, humm "yomiyuri shimbun" ney pichhale saal kii pradarshani key saath apane prayojan kaa samaapan kiya haye."akhbar ney spasht roop seey nishkarsh nikala thaa kii usane pradarshani koo sakaratmak jansampark moolya key liye doodh diyaa thaa, aur sangrahalaya key adhikaariyon key gusse aur sangrahalaya key agantukon kii shikayaton key beach pradarshani koo jaari rakhane seey vaastav mein nakaratmak prachaar kaa khatra thaa.
antim samay mein radd kiye jaane seey kaee kalakar danga reh gaye. akasegawa ney vidambanapurna roop seey kahaa kii sangrahalaya key niyamon kaa jaanboojhkar ullanghan karke, "kalakritiyon kii achetan vinashkari oorjaa ney antariksh koo hii nasht curr diyaa thaa."phir bhee, yomiyuri ney yeh dhyaan mein rakhate hue galat naheen thaa kii kalaa jagat key loktantrikaran kaa mool uddeshya hassil curr liya gayaa thaa; 1964 taka, japani kalaa jagat 1950 key dashak kii tulanaa mein bahut alag sthaan thaa, joe maulik roop seey awant-garde kalaa kaa adhik swaagat kartaa thaa. vaastav mein, kalakaron koo 1964 key yomiyuri independent key liye taiyar kiye gaye karyon koo pradarshit karane key liye vaikalpik sthaanon koo khojane mein bahut cumm pareshani hui, unhein haal key varshon mein nae, chhote paimaane key sangrahalayon, deerghaon aur pradarshaniyon mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa.
viraasat.
halanki alpakaalik, yomiyuri independent ney yuva kalakaron kii ack peedhi koo exposure aur kukhyaati pradaan kii joe baad mein japan aur videshon donon mein prasiddh hue. isane inn kalakaron koo ack-dusare key saath judane key liye ack sthaan bhee pradaan kiya, jisamen nava-daadaa ayojakon, kyushu-haa, samooh ongaku, shoonya ayam, jikan-haa aur hyee-redd center sahit kaee kalaa samoohon aur samoohon key gathan mein yogdan diyaa. isane kalaa-virodhi, popp kalaa aur pradarshan kalaa key nae roopon key udbhav koo badhaava diyaa, saath hii kalaa alochakon, kalaa sangrahakartaon aur gallery maalikon key ack samooh koo inn kalakritiyon aur kalakaron koo sweekaar karane, badhaava dene aur sanrakshan dene key liye taiyar kiya. inn tarikon seey, yomiyuri independent ney japan mein yuddh key baad kii awant-garde kalaa key udbhav mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai.

