pakistan mein media

pakistan mein maas media () pakistan mein television, radio, cinema, samachar patron aur patrikaon parr jaankaari pradaan kartaa haye. pakistan mein ack jeevant media paridrishya haye; dakshin asia aur duniya mein sabse gatishil mein seey ack. pakistan mein adhikansh media niji swaamitva mein haye. pakistan mein lagbhag 300 niji swaamitva vaale dainik samachar patra hain. pakistan key saankhyiki beuro (poorv mein sanghiya saankhyiki beuro) key anusaar, 2009 mein unaki sanyukt dainik bikri 61 laakh pratiyon kii thee. television pakistan key kasbon, shaharon aur graameen ilaakon key badey kshetron mein logon key liye samachar aur jaankaari kaa mukhya srot haye. vipanan anusandhaan company gallup pakistan, kaa anuman haye kii 2009 mein pakistan mein 86 million tv darshak they.
raajneetik dabaav aur kabhi-kabhi raajneetik hitdhaarakon dwara prashaasit pratyaksh pratibandhon key bavjood media koo kaafee hudd taka abhivyakti kii swatantrata praapt haye. media parr raajneetik dabaav jyaadaatar apratyaksh roop seey kiya jaataa haye. sarkaar dwara vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaane vaalaa ack upkaran sarkari vigyapanon seey 'gair-dostana' media koo kaatna haye. kathor kaanoonon kaa upayog karate hue sarkaar ney lokpriya television chainalon koo bhee pratibandhit yaa aadhikarik roop seey bund curr diyaa haye. pakistan electronic media niyaamak pradhikaran (pemra) kaa upayog prasaran media koo yaa tou licenses nilambit karke yaa buss aisaa karane kii dhamki dekar chup karaane key liye kiya gayaa haye. isake alawa, vartamaan sangharsh mein shamil gair-raajya abhinetaon dwara bhee media koo dhamki dee jaati haye. patrakaar kii suraksha sthiti mein sudhaar huaa haye aur pakistan mein maare gaye patrakaar kii sankhya mein bhee kaafee kamee aaee haye. haalaanki, pakistan mein press kii swatantrata mein girawat jaari haye.
binaa seemaon key samvaaddaataon ney apane 2020 key press swatantrata soochkaank mein press kii swatantrata key aadhar parr 180 deshon mein seey pakistan koo 145vaan sthaan diyaa. binaa seemaon key samvaaddaataon kii halia report seey pichhale varshon kii tulanaa mein press kii swatantrata mein kaafee sudhaar kaa sanket milata haye.
avalokan.
2002 key baad seey, pakistani media shaktishali aur swatantra hoe gayaa haye aur pakistan electronic media niyaamak pradhikaran key anusaar, niji television chainalon kii sankhya 2000 mein kewal teen raajya dwara sanchaalit chainalon seey badhkar 2012 mein 89 hoe gaee haye. pakistan mein adhikansh niji media musharaf shasson key tahat falaa-phoola.
pakistan mein ack jeevant media paridrishya haye aur kaafee hudd taka swatantrata praapt haye. 2002 mein udaarikrit honey key baad, television kshetra ney media mein uchhaal kaa anubhav kiya. vaanijyik hiton key baad aaney vaale bheeshan pratispardhi vatavaran mein sarvopari hoe gayaa aur gunavattapurna patrakaarita ney sansanikhej koo raasta diyaa. yadyapi radio kshetra mein samaan vriddhi naheen dekhi gaee haye, swatantra radio channel kaee hain aur vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein soochana key bahut mahatvapurna srot maane jaate hain.
pakistani media paridrishya ack bahubhashi, bahu-jaatiya aur varg-vibhajit samaaj koo darshaata haye. urdu aur angreji media key beach spasht vibhajan haye. urdu media, vishesh roop seey samachar patra, aam janata dwara vyaapak roop seey padhe jaate hain-jyaadaatar graameen kshetron mein. angreji media shahari aur abhijaat varg-kendrit haye, urdu media kii tulanaa mein adhik udaar aur peshevar haye. angreji print, television aur radio chainalon key urdu samkakshon kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm darshak hain, lekin raay nirmaataon, raajnetaon, vyaavsaayik samudaay aur samaaj key uchch varg key beach unakaa adhik laabh haye.
pakistan mein ack jeevant media paridrishya haye; dakshin asia mein sabse gatishil aur mukhar logon mein seey ack haye. kaafee hudd taka media koo abhivyakti kii swatantrata praapt haye. 89 seey adhik television channel beam sabun, vyangya, sangeet karyakram, filmein, dhaarmik bhaashan, raajneetik vaarta karyakram aur samay kii khabaren. haalaanki kabhi-kabhi gair-peshevar aur raajneetik roop seey pakshapaati honey key liye aalochana kii jaati haye, lekin television chainalon ney media paridrishya aur pakistani samaaj mein ack badaa yogdan diyaa haye.
radio channel kaee hain aur vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein soochana kaa ack bahut hii mahatvapurna srot maane jaate hain. raajya channel radio pakistan key alawa, kaee niji radio swatantra patrakaarita samagri aur samachar leey jaate hain. lekin adhikansh radio samagri sangeet aur manoranjan haye. badey rashtriya urdu samachar patron seey laker chhote sthaaniya sthaaniya samachar patron taka saikadon pakistani samachar patra hain.
pakistan kaa media kshetra swaamitva sanrachana seey atyadhik prabhaavit haye. teen pramukh media mugal yaa badey media samooh hain, jinaki kuchh hudd taka raajneetik sambaddhata bhee haye. print aur prasaran donon udyogon mein apane prabhutva key kaaran teenon media samooh rajneeti aur samaaj mein bahut prabhaavshaali hain.
itihas.
pakistan mein media british bhaarat key vibhajan seey pahale key varshon kaa haye, jahan sampradayik yaa vibhajan key agende koo badhaava dene key liye kaee samachar patron kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. muhammad allie jinna dwara sthaapit aur pahali baar 1941 mein prakaashit akhbar donn, ack swatantra pakistan key liye prachaar karane key liye samarpit thaa. 1940 mein sthaapit roodhivaadi samachar patra, navaa-aeye-vakt, muslim abhijaat varg kaa mukhpatra thaa joe ack swatantra pakistan key sabse majboot samarthakon mein seey they.
ack arth mein, pakistani print media pakistan key vichaar koo prachaarit karane key mission key saath astitva mein aaya, jise british bhaarat mein muslim alpasankhyak key liye sabse achche rashtriya vikalp key roop mein aur hindu bahumat seey daman key khilaf aatmaraksha key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa.
bhrashtachar koo ujagar karane mein bhoomika.
inn jeevant tv chainalon kii shuruat key baad seey, patrakaron dwara kaee badey bhrashtachar key mamalon aur ghotalon kaa khulasa kiya gayaa haye. unamen seey ullekhaniya hainh
express news key saath kaam karane vaale stambhakaar aur encorperson javed chaudhari kahate hain, "malik riyaaj key mamle ney saabit curr diyaa kii media nyaypalika aur yahaan taka kii khud koo bhee jawabdeh thahara sakata haye. "iss mamle ney laapata vyaktiyon key mamle key saath-saath bhrashtachar key khilaf ladaai mein media kii nishpakshata aur vishvasaniyata sthaapit kii haye. desh key kaee anya logon kii tarah, chaudhari koo lagata haye kii pichhale dashak key dauran pakistan mein media swatantra aur nishpaksh hoe gayaa haye. "pakistani media ney kewal 10 varshon mein 100 varshon kii yatra koo cover kiya haye, lekin rahasyodghatan key liye unaki jigyasa aur jore samaapt naheen hotaa haye aur yahee media koo prerit kartaa haye.
tanaavah
britten key videsh karyalaya kii ack report key anusaar, pakistan kaa media vatavaran lagaatar vikasit hotaa rhaa aur kaee mamalon mein, falataa-phoolata rhaa. 2002 mein khulane key baad seey, media outlet kii sankhya aur renz badhee haye, taaki pakistaniyon key paas abb print, television aur online media key madhyam seey prasaran kii ack shrinkhala taka pahale seey kaheen adhik pahunch hoe. pakistani jeevan key adhikansh pahaluon mein media kii badhati paith ney chunautiyon key saath-saath avsaron kaa nirmaan kiya haye, kyonki patrakaarita samudaay aur rajneta aur adhikaari donon abhivyakti kii prabhaavi swatantrata aur jimmedaar reporting kii apani samajh kaa nirmaan karate hain.
haalaanki, 2011 mein, binaa seemaon key samvaaddaataon ney pakistan koo ack patrakaar honey key liye duss sabse ghaatak sthaanon mein seey ack key roop mein soochibaddh kiya. uttar-paschim pakistan mein yuddh jaari rahane key saath-saath patrakaron key khilaf lagaatar dhamkiyan dee jaa rahee hain. 2002 seey pakistan mein media key prasaar ney pakistan mein sakriya gharelu aur videshi patrakaron kii sankhya mein bhaari vriddhi kii haye. britten key videsh karyalaya kaa kahana haye kii yeh mahatvapurna haye kii abhivyakti kii swatantrata key adhikaar koo pakistani sarkaar dwara barkarar rakhaa jaae. pakistan mein europeeya sangh dwara sanchaalit abhivyakti kii swatantrata kaa samarthan karane vaale ack karyakram dwara ise ujagar kiya gayaa thaa, jise united kingdam ney samarthan diyaa thaa.
pakistani senaa key atyacharon koo ujagar karane vaale pakistan key ack pramukh patrakaar matiullah zaan koo islamabad kii sadakon seey uthaaya gayaa thaa. jabaki media biradari chup rahee.
kaise pakistan mein patrakaar koo khule taur parr goli maar dee jaati haye, joe pakistani senaa key khilaf bolate hain.
antarrashtriya sahyog.
nae media key nirmaan key liye samarthan.
aaee. dee. 1. mein, nairmedia ell. ell. see. key saath upee ney pakistani patrakaron koo rashtriya chunaavon key coverage key liye ack online sansaadhan, pakpolviki aur ack tathya-jaanch website, satya tracker banaane mein madad kii. iss pariyojana mein, team ney desh bhar mein shikshan satra aayojit kiye aur rashtriya aur antarrashtriya manakon koo puuraa karane vaali kahaaniyon kaa utpaadan karane key liye patrakaron key liye vyaktigat margadarshan kaa sanchaalan kiya.
nearmedia ney 2014-15 key liye ack pariyojana key saath prayaas jaari rakhaa, joe media foundation 360 key saath saajhedaari mein, ack swatantra online samachar sahakaari samachar lens pakistan shuru kiya, joe rashtriya darshakon key liye angreji, urdu aur pashto mein kahaaniyan prakaashit kartaa haye, aur inn kahaaniyon koo rashtriya aur sthaaniya samachar outlet mein vitarit kartaa haye. shikshan satra, jisamen sampaadak apane kaushal mein sudhaar key liye samvaaddaataon key saath samachar kaksh-shally mein kaam karate hain, sabhi praanton key jilon mein aayojit kiye jaate hain, aur antarrashtriya patrakaar vyaktigat roop seey unhein margadarshan karane key liye pakistani team key saath kaam karate hain.
pakistan-americi patrakaar adaan-pradaan karyakram.
2011 seey, poorv-paschim kendra (ee. doubleu. see.), jiska mukhyalaya honolulu, havaai mein haye, vaarshik pakistan-sanyukt raajya america patrakaar vinimay karyakram kaa ayojan curr rhaa haye. ise donon deshon aur unake mahatvapurna sambandhon kii saarvajanik samajh koo badhaane aur gahara karane key liye shuru kiya gayaa thaa, joe kshetriya sthirata aur aatankvaad parr vaishvik yuddh key liye mahatvapurna haye. jabaki samjhaute aur sahyog key kaee kshetra rahey hain, donon key beach gahara avishvaas banaa huaa haye, jinhen shayed hii kabhi ack-dusare key saath judane kaa avsar milata haye aur iss prakaar way apani jaankaari aur drishtikon key liye media parr bharosa karate hain. ansuljhe mudde donon deshon key liye lagaatar chunauti baney hue hain.
yeh exchange yuu pradaan kartaa haye.aiss. aur pakistani patrakaar neeti nirmaataon, sarkaar aur sainya adhikaariyon, vyavasaay aur nagrik samaaj key netaaon aur anya samudaay key sadasyon key ack vividh samooh key saath baithakon key madhyam seey una deshon key baare mein jamini antardrishti aur pratyaksh jaankaari praapt karane kaa avsar praapt karate hain. sabhi pratibhaagi donon deshon key beach samvedansheel muddon parr kendrit samvaadon key liye apane adhyayan dauron seey pahale aur baad mein havaai mein poorv-paschim kendra mein milate hain; sanyukt raajya america aur pakistan mein janata aur media key beach poorvakalpit drishtikon; unake adhyayan dauron key madhyam seey praapt nae drishtikon; aur donon deshon key beach media coverage mein kaise sudhaar kiya jaa sakata haye. duss pakistani patrakaar sanyukt raajya america kii yatra karenge aur duss americi.aiss. patrakaar pakistan kii yatra karenge. iss poorv-paschim kendra karyakram koo yuu. aiss. seey anudan dwara vitt poshit kiya jaataa haye.aiss. dutawas islamabad saarvajanik mamle anubhaag.
yeh karyakram patrakaron koo iss mahatvapurna sambandh parr moolyavaan nae drishtikon aur antardrishti pradaan kartaa haye, bhavishya kii reporting key liye samparkon aur sansadhanon kaa khajaana, aur dusare desh mein peshevar sahyogiyon key saath dosti, jinn parr way apane poore currier mein dhyaan aakarshit curr sakate hain.
patrakaron key liye antarrashtriya kendra.
2011 mein, washington mein sthit ack gair-laabhkaari, peshevar sangathan, international center forr journalists (aaee. see. aff. jey.), dee.see. yuu koo launch kiya.aiss. - patrakaarita karyakram mein pakistan peshevar saajhedaari, ack bahu-varsheeya karyakram joe 230 pakistani media peshevaron koo sanyukt raajya america laayega aur 70 americi dollar bhejega.aiss. pakistan key patrakaar. patrakaar ack-dusare kii sanskritiyon kaa adhyayan karenge kyonki way pratyek desh mein samachar kakshon mein doobe hue hain.
karyakram mein karyakram aur anubhav karane key avsar shamil honge.aiss. jeevan, apani vividhata kaa pradarshan kartaa haye. yuu key pratinidhi.aiss. media mezban dou saptah key karyakramon key liye pakistan jaayenge, jisake dauran way site key daure, sakshatkar aur patrakaron, adhikaariyon aur aam pakistaniyon key saath baatchit karane key avsaron key madhyam seey pakistani patrakaarita aur rashtriya jeevan kii vaastaviktaon koo seekhenge.
pakistaniyon koo yuu mein chaar saptah kii internship milegi.aiss. media sangathan.
donon pakshon key pratibhagiyon koo pratyek desh mein apane anubhavon parr report karane kaa avsar milega, joe unake darshakon koo shikshit karane aur una mithakon aur galat dhaaranaon koo door karane mein madad karega joe loga pratyek desh mein dusare key nivaasiyon key baare mein rakhate hain.
aaee. see. aff. jey. ney karachi, pakistan mein patrakaarita mein utkrishtata kendra (see. ee. jey.) kii bhee sthaapana kii haye. see. ee. jey. desh key sabhi hisson seey pakistani patrakaron aur media peshevaron key peshevar vikas, prashikshan aur networking key liye ack kendra key roop mein kaary kartaa haye.
lakshit, vyaavhaarik prashikshan aur karyakram key adaan-pradaan ghatak key madhyam seey, cej kaa uddeshya bhaag lene vaale vishvavidyalayon, media outlet aur peshevar patrakaron key beach lambe samay taka chalane vaale sambandhon koo badhaava denaa haye.
uttar paschimi vishvavidyalaya key medil school off journalism aur institute off business administration (aaee. bee. aeye.) key saath saajhedaari kaa uddeshya pakistani patrakaron koo print, prasaran aur digital media mein lakshit, vyaavhaarik prashikshan pradaan karna haye. pathyakramon kaa saha-nirmaan medil school key sankaay, kushal samachar kaksh prabandhakon, sampadakon aur sanyukt raajya america key samvaaddaataon aur pakistan key pramukh media peshevaron dwara kiya jaayega.
viniyaman.
itihas.
desh mein media kaanoonon koo lagu karane kaa pahala kadam tatkalin sainya shaasak aur rashtrapati ayyub khaan dwara uthaaya gayaa thaa, jinhone 1962 mein press aur prakaashan adhyadesh (pee. pee. oh.) jaari kiya thaa. kaanoon ney adhikaariyon koo samachar patron koo jabt karane, samachar pradaataon koo bund karane aur patrakaron koo giraftar karane kaa adhikaar diyaa thaa. inn kaanoonon kaa upayog karate hue, ayyub khaan ney press key badey hisse kaa rashtriyakaran kiya aur dou sabse badee samachar agencies mein seey ack parr kabja curr liya. anya agencies koo gambhir sankat mein dhakel diyaa gayaa aur unhein sarkaar seey vittiya sahaayata lenny padee. pakistani radio aur television, jise 1964 mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, koo bhee sarkaar key sakht niyantran mein laaya gayaa thaa.
1980 key dashak mein general jiyaa-ull-huck key shasankal key dauran pee. pee. oh. mein adhik kathor parivardhan kiye gaye they. inn nae sanshodhanon key anusaar, prakaashak uttardaayi hoga aur mukadama chalaaya jaayega yadi koee kahani prashaasan koo pasand naheen aaee, bhale hii vaha tathyaatmak aur rashtriya hita kii hoe. inn sanshodhanon kaa upayog huck key islami jhukaav koo badhaava dene key liye kiya gayaa thaa aur senaa aur dharm netaaon key beach gathbandhan kaa pradarshan kiya gayaa thaa. ziya varshon key dauran censorship pratyaksh, thhos aur tanashahi thee. samachar patron kii jaanch kii jaati thee; ack lekh key aalochanatmak yaa avaanchhit khandon koo sensor kiya jaataa thaa. jiyaa-ull-huck kii achaanak mrityu aur loktantra kii vaapsee key maddenajar, sanshodhit pee. pee. oh. (aar. pee. oh.) naamak media kaanoon key sanshodhan key madhyam seey kathor media kaanoonon koo cumm karane kaa maarg prashast kiya gayaa thaa.
2002 seey, general pervage musharaf key netritva mein, pakistani media koo ack nirnaayak vikas kaa saamana karna padaa, jisase pakistani electronic media mein teji aaegi aur isane raajneetik prabhaav praapt karane kaa maarg prashast kiya. nae udaar media kaanoonon ney electronic media parr raajya key ekadhikar koo toda diyaa. niji media outlets koo tv prasaran aur fm radio licenses jaari kiye gaye they.
media licenses koo udaar banaane key liye senaa kii prerana iss dhaarana parr adharit thee kii pakistani media kaa upayog rashtriya suraksha koo majboot karane aur bhaarat seey kissy bhee kathit khatare kaa mukabala karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. bhaarat key saath pichhale dou takraavon key dauran senaa kaa anubhav iss badalaav key liye prerit kiya. ack kargil yuddh thaa aur doosara aatankvaadiyon dwara bhaaratiya vimaan kaa apaharan thaa. inn donon udaharanon mein, pakistani senaa key paas jawabi kaarravaai karane kaa koee vikalp naheen bachaa thaa kyonki iska electronic media bhaaratiya media seey kamtar thaa. bhavishya mein behtar electronic media kshamata kii aavashyakta thee aur iss prakaar electronic media key liye bajar koo udaar banaaya gayaa thaa.
bhaaratiya media shakti kaa mukabala karane kii ichcha kaa auchitya utanaa hii thaa jitna kii yeh media koo una adhikaaron key saath "mukt" karane kii ichcha thee joe electronic media key udaar, khule samajon mein they. senaa ney socha kii vaha abhee bhee media koo niyantrit curr sakati haye aur iska upayog curr sakati haye yadi vaha usa seey bhatak jaae joe shasson koo lagata haye kii rashtriya hita mein thaa-aur apane raajneetik agende key anusaar.
haalaanki yeh aaklan galat saabit huaa kyonki media aur vishesh roop seey nae kaee nae tv channel nagrik samaaj mein ack shaktishali shakti bunn gaye. media usa prakriya mein ack mahatvapurna abhineta bunn gayaa jisake kaaran musharaf aur unake shasson kaa patan huaa. mukhya nyayadhish koo bahaal karane key liye 2007 key vakeel key andolan key sangharsh kii vyaapak coverage pradaan karke, media ney nagrik samaaj koo sangathit karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. iss virodh andolan key saath, laakhon pakistani ack swatantra nyaypalika aur loktaantrik shasson key naam parr sadakon parr utar aae, musharaf koo nagrik samaaj aur senaa seey bahut cumm samarthan milaa. antatah unhein chunaav karaana padaa. haal hii mein, nagrik samaaj sangathanon, vakeelon key andolan aur electronic media key beach ack nae sire seey paraspar kriya key kaaran, pakistan key nae rashtrapati, asif allie jardari koo janata aur raajneetik dabaav key aage jhukana padaa aur mukhya nyayadhish koo bahaal karna padaa. pakistan key itihas mein shaktishali nagrik samaaj key abhinetaon kaa uday abhootpoorv thaa. aggar pakistan koo ack majboot loktantra, adhik sthirata aur samajik-raajneetik sudhaaron koo vikasit karna haye tou media key binaa yeye taakat hassil naheen curr sakate they, jise jaari rakhane aur ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaane kii aavashyakta hogi.
kyaa pakistan kaa media, apane shaktishali tv chainalon key saath, itani badee jimmedaari lene mein saksham haye aur bheetar seey badalaav karane mein saksham haye, yeh samanya kaam karane kii sthitiyon mein sudhaar parr nirbhar kartaa haye; senaa aur raajya kii naukarshahi parr; patrakaron kii suraksha sthiti parr; media kaanoonon mein sanshodhan; behtar patrakaarita prashikshan; aur anta mein media aur media maalikon kii ichcha parr.
kanuni dhancha.
haalaanki pakistani media apane kuchh dakshin asiai padosiyon kii tulanaa mein saapeksh swatantrata kaa anand letaa haye, lekin udyog kaee aloktaantrik aur pratigaami kaanoonon aur viniyamon key adheen thaa. desh vaikalpik sainya aur loktaantrik shasson key adheen thaa-lekin buniyaadi loktaantrik maandandon parr panapane mein kamyab rhaa haye. haalaanki pakistani media koo sainya tanashahi aur damankari shasanon key tahat kaam karna padaa, jisane ise 'niyantrit' karane key liye media key liye kaee pratibandhaatmak kaanoon aur niyam sthaapit kiye, lekin media kaafee hudd taka prabhaavit naheen huaa. haalaanki, yeye kaanoon loktantra sudhaar key liye hanikarak hain, aur pakistan aur loktantra key bhavishya key liye ack sambhaavit khatare kaa pratinidhitva karate hain.
samvidhaan.
anuchhed 19 abhivyakti kii swatantrata kii jarh dakshin asia seey paaee jaati haye jaba kissy bhee nikaay koo sarkaar key khilaf ack shabd bolane parr seedhe maut kii sajaa sunai jaati thee. pakistani samvidhaan abhivyakti kii swatantrata aur media kii swatantrata key liye buniyaadi aadhar kii guaranti detaa haye. islam key prati raajya kii nishtha parr jore dete hue, samvidhaan loktantra mein nihit pramukh nagrik adhikaaron koo rekhaankit kartaa haye aur kahata haye kii nagarikah
media kaanoon.
kaee vidhaayi aur niyaamak tantra hain joe pratyaksh aur apratyaksh roop seey media koo prabhaavit karate hain. press aur prakaashan adhyadesh (pee. pee. oh.) key alawa, inn kaanoonon mein mudranalaya aur prakaashan adhyadesh 1988,2002 kaa soochana kii swatantrata adhyadesh, 2002 kaa pakistan electronic media niyaamak pradhikaran (pemra), 2002 kaa manhani adhyadesh, 2003 kaa adalat kii avamaanana adhyadesh, 2003 kaa press, samachar patra, samachar agency aur pustak panjikaran adhyadesh, press parishad adhyadesh 2002, pakistan key bauddhik sampada sangathan adhyadesh 2005 aur anta mein 2006 kaa soochana taka pahunch adhyadesh shamil hain. 2006 mein bhee samachar patron, patrikaon, samachar aur vigyaapan agencies key panjikaran aur samachar patron aur avadhiyon (papra) key prasaar key aankadon key pramanikaran key liye aage key kaanoon banaane key prayaas kiye gaye they."
2002 mein electronic media key udaarikaran koo badey paimaane parr niyamon key saath jodaa gayaa thaa. media bajar key khulane seey pakistan mein upgrah chainalon kii sankhya badh gaee. kaee prachaalak adhikaariyon dwara kissy bhee paryavekshan key binaa upgrah aur/yaa cable tv outlet shuru curr chuke hain. sarkaar ney mahsoos kiya kii mashroom cable tv vyavasaay koo 'viniyamit' naheen karke usey laakhon rupaye kaa nuksan hoe rhaa haye.
2002 key niyamon kaa ack aur parinam yeh thaa kii inmein seey adhikansh koo naee sarkaar key padbhar sambhaalane seey pahale rashtrapati musharaf dwara jaldbaji mein lagu kiya gayaa thaa. adhikansh nae kaanoon joe aloktaantrik they aur saarvajanik sakriyata koo badhaava dene key liye naheen they, balki janata parr apana niyantran badhaane key liye they. kaee media kaaryakartaon ney mahsoos kiya kii nae niyam apaardarshi they aur adalaton dwara vyakhya key adheen they joe media vyavsaayiyon koo spasht dishanirdesh pradaan karate.
pakistan electronic media niyaamak pradhikaran.
pakistan electronic media niyaamak pradhikaran (pemra, poorv mein media aur prasaran sangathanon key liye rambo-niyaamak pradhikaran) kaa gathan 2002 mein pakistan mein prasaran bajar kholane sahit "ack swatantra, nishpaksh aur swatantra electronic media koo suvidhajanak banaane aur badhaava dene" key liye kiya gayaa thaa. 2009 key anta taka pemra key paas thaah
pemra media censorship mein bhee shamil haye aur kabhi-kabhi prasaran koo rokta haye aur media outlet koo bund curr detaa haye. raajya key pramukh, yaa sashastr balon key sadasyon, yaa raajya key karyakari, vidhaayi yaa nyaayik angon koo badnam karane yaa upahaas mein laane vaali kissy bhee cheez" key prakaashan yaa prasaran key saath-saath "galat yaa niradhar" maane jaane vaale kissy bhee prasaran key liye teen saal taka kii jail kii sajaa, 1 karod rupaye (us $165,000) taka kaa jurmana aur licenses radd kiya jaa sakata haye. vyavhaar mein, inn niyamon aur viniyamon koo lagu naheen kiya jaataa haye.
navambar 2011 mein, pakistani cable television operators ney bbc vishva samachar tv channel koo ack vrittachitra prasaarit karane key baad avaruddh curr diyaa, jiska sheershak gupt pakistan thaa. haalaanki, ack vyanjan praaptakarta key saath pakistani abhee bhee ise dekh sakate hain aur isaki website aur web stream taka pahunch jaari rakh sakate hain. dow. pee. tii. vee. key moed pirzada ney kahaa kii jaba sanyukt raajya america all jazira angreji parr pratibandh lagaana jaari rakhta haye aur america mein koee bhee cable operator channel koo leey naheen jaayega tou ise 'media key daman' key roop mein label karna videshi media kaa pakhand thaa. unhone yeh bhee kahaa kii 'loktaantrik' aur 'udaar' bhaaratiya bhee apane cable parr ack bhee pakistani samachar channel yaa apane samachar patron mein kissy bhee pakistani opp-aid lekhak koo leey jaane seey incar karate hain.
television.
pahala television station 26 navambar 1964 koo lahaur seey prasaarit honah shuru huaa. pakistan mein television 1990 taka sarkaar kaa vishesh niyantran rhaa jaba shalimar television network (stn) aur network television marketing (ntm) ney pakistan kaa pahala niji tv channel shuru kiya. shree. yaseen joyia (aine. tii. aim.) key pahale mahaprabandhak they, jinhen bahut jald pee. tii. vee. naukarshahi shadyantron dwara bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa. lekin iska koee upayog naheen thaa kyonki taba taka cable tv network pahale seey hii shahari shaharon jaise kii rawalpindi, islamabad, lahaur aur karachi mein shuru kiya jaa chuka thaa. 1990 key dashak key dauran videshi upgrah tv channel jode gaye they.
paaramparik roop seey, sarkari swaamitva vaalaa pakistan television nigam (pee. tii. vee.) pakistan mein pramukh media khilaadi rhaa haye. pee. tii. vee. channel sarkaar dwara niyantrit hotey hain aur vipaksh key vichaaron koo jyada samay naheen diyaa jaataa haye. pichhale dashak mein kaee niji tv chainalon kaa uday huaa haye joe samachar aur manoranjan dikhaa rahey hain, jaise kii jio tv, aaj tv, arrie digital, boll network, humm, mtv pakistan aur anya jaise kii ktn, vsh news, sindh tv, aavaaj tv aur kashish tv. paaramparik roop seey adhikansh tv show naatak yaa sope opera rahey hain, jinamen seey kuchh koo sameekshakon ney saraha haye. vibhinn americi, europeeya, asiai tv channel aur filmein adhikansh aabaadi key liye cable tv key madhyam seey upalabdh hain. maula jatt kii kinvadanti kaa pahala roop.
damankari kaanoonon kaa upayog karate hue sarkaar ney lokpriya television chainalon koo bhee pratibandhit yaa aadhikarik roop seey bund curr diyaa haye. pakistan electronic media niyaamak pradhikaran (pemra) kaa upayog prasaran media koo yaa tou licenses nilambit karke yaa buss aisaa karane kii dhamki dekar chup karaane key liye kiya gayaa haye. kaee mamalon mein inn chainalon koo channel line-upp mein aspasht sankhya mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. isake alawa, media bhee raajya agencies key prachaar key liye ujagar haye, joe vartamaan sangharsh mein shamil shaktishali raajneetik tatvon aur gair-raajya abhinetaon dwara dabaav mein haye. bhoo-tv network mein bhoo-tv aur anya chainalon seey judee iss tarah kii navintam ghatana key khilaf fatwa jaari honey key baad ateet mein kaee chainalon koo bund curr diyaa gayaa haye. network dwara apane pramukh anker hamid meer kii hatyaa key prayaas mein antar-seva khufiya kii sanliptata parr aarop lagaane key prayaas key baad bund huaa.
radio.
sarkari swaamitva vaale pakistan prasaran nigam (pee. bee. see.) kaa gathan 14 agast 1947 koo pakistan kii swatantrata key dinn kiya gayaa thaa. yeh bhaaratiya prasaran company kaa pratyaksh vanshaj thaa, joe baad mein aul india radio bunn gaee. swatantrata key samay, pakistan key dhaakaa, lahaur aur peshawar mein radio station they. vistaar key ack pramukh karyakram mein 1948 mein karachi aur rawalpindi mein nae station khole gaye, aur 1950 mein karachi mein ack nayaa prasaran ghar khola gayaa. isake baad hyderabad (1951), queta (1956), rawalpindi (1960) mein ack doosara station aur peshawar (1960) mein ack praapt kendra aaya. 1980 aur 1990 key dashak key dauran nigam ney sthaaniya logon koo adhik seva pradaan karane key liye pakistan key kaee shaharon aur kasbon mein apane network kaa vistaar kiya. octuber 1998 mein, radio pakistan ney apana pahala fm prasaran shuru kiya.
aaj, adhik udaar media niyamon key kaaran sou seey adhik saarvajanik aur niji radio station hain. fm prasaran licenses una dalon koo diye jaate hain joe apani pasand key pramukh shahar key saath cumm seey cumm ack graameen shahar mein fm prasaran station kholane key liye pratibaddh hain.
cinema.
lahaur mein sthit aur "lollywood" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa swadeshi film udyog ack varsh mein lagbhag chaalees feature-lambai vaali filmon kaa nirmaan kartaa haye.
2008 mein pakistani sarkaar ney pakistan mein bhaaratiya filmon key pradarshan parr lagey 42 saal key pratibandh koo aanshik roop seey hataa liya.
27 aprail 2016 koo malik teenon sensor boardon dwara saarvbhaumik rating key saath manjuri milane aur 18 dinon taka cinemagharon mein chalane key baad sanghiya sarkaar dwara pratibandhit kii jaane vaali pahali pakistani film bunn gaee. film koo 1979 key chalchitra adhyadesh kii dhaara 9 key tahat pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa haye, ack aisaa kaanoon joe 18vein samvaidhaanik sanshodhan key baad anaavashyak haye, jahaan filmon kii censorship abb ack sanghiya vishay naheen haye. 
malik (urdu mulk) 2016 kii ack pakistani raajneetik, romanchak film haye jise asheer ajeem ney banaaya haye. yeh film 8 aprail 2016 koo poore pakistan key cinemagharon mein release hui thee. film mein logon kii sarkaar key siddhant kaa gunagaan kiya jaataa haye, logon dwara aur logon key liye. malik ack aise desh mein swatantrata, loktantra aur nyaay key liye ack aam pakistani kii ichcha haye jise upmahadweep seey angrejon key jaane key baad samanti abhijaat varg dwara apaharan curr liya gayaa haye aur joe ack garib rashtra parr shasson karna aur uska durupyog karna jaari rakhate hain, jabaki apane liye vishal vyaktigat bhaagya ikattha karate hain. loktantra koo khatare mein daalane key liye 27 aprail 2016 koo sanghiya sarkaar dwara pakistan mein film parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
samachar patra, samachar channel aur patrikaaen.
1947 mein, abb pakistan kahey jaane vaale kshetra mein kewal chaar pramukh muslim swaamitva vaale samachar patra maujood theh "pakistan times", "jamindar", "navaa-aeye-vakt" aur "nagrik-sainya rajpatra". kaee muslim samachar patra aur unake prakaashak pakistan chaley gaye, jinamen "bhor", joe 1947 mein karachi mein dainik roop seey prakaashit honah shuru huaa, "subah kii khabar", aur urdu bhasha key dainik "jung" aur "anjam" shamil hain. 2000 key dashak kii shuruat taka pakistan mein 1,500 samachar patra aur patrikaaen maujood theen.
21veen sadee kii shuruat mein, baaki duniya kii tarah, pakistan mein print outlets kii sankhya mein teji seey girawat aaee, lekin kull parisancharan sankhya mein vriddhi hui. 1994 seey 1997 taka dainik, masik aur anya prakashanon kii kull sankhya 3,242 seey badhkar 4,455 hoe gaee, lekin 2003 taka panjab praant mein adhikansh girawat key saath yeh ghatkar kewal 945 reh gaee thee. haalaanki, 1994 seey 2003 taka kull mudran prasaar mein kaafee vriddhi hui, vishesh roop seey dainik samachar patron key liye (30 laakh seey 62 laakh). aur 2003 mein nimn bindu key baad prakashanon kii sankhya 2004 mein 1279,2005 mein 1997,2006 mein 1467,2007 mein 1820 aur 2008 mein 1199 hoe gaee.
soviyat-afghan yuddh key baad seey print media mein jihadi samagri kii upasthiti bhee rahee haih muhammad ameer raanaa kaa anuman haye kii "1989 taka, pakistan mein jihad prakashanon kii sankhya 150 taka pahunch gaee thee", jabaki 1990 mein "peshawar, queta aur islamabad mein lagbhag 100 maheene aur 12 saptahik prakaashit kiye jaa rahey they", kaee bhaashaon mein, "25 urdu mein, 50 pashtu aur farsi mein, 12 arabi mein aur 10 angreji mein", akele kashmiri aatankvaadi samoohon key saath 1994 mein kuchh 22 patrikaaen prakaashit kii gaeen.
samachar patra aur patrikaaen 11 bhaashaon mein prakaashit hoti hain; adhikansh urdu aur sindhi mein, lekin angreji bhasha key prakaashan kaee hain. adhikansh print media niji swaamitva mein hain, lekin sarkaar pakistan key sambaddh press koo niyantrit karati haye, joe pramukh samachar agencies mein seey ack haye. 1964 seey 1990 key dashak kii shuruat taka, rashtriya press trust ney press koo niyantrit karane key liye sarkaar key morche key roop mein kaam kiya. haalaanki, raajya abb dainik samachar patra prakaashit naheen kartaa haye; poorv press trust ney 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein apane samachar patron aur patrikaon koo betch diyaa yaa samaapt curr diyaa.
web samachar channel bhee jyaadaatar 2010 key baad seey dikhaai diye.
press parishad aur samachar patra viniyaman.
2002 seey pahale, pakistan mein samachar agencies poori tarah seey aniyamit theen. octuber 2002 mein pakistan kii press parishad key adhyadesh key tahat sthaapit, yeh nikaay rashtrapati musharaf dwara hastaaksharit abhyaas key naitik code key saath ardh-swaayatt prakriti parr kaam kartaa haye. yeh bahuayami karyon key saath anivarya haye joe press kii swatantrata kii suraksha seey laker niyaamak tantra aur janata seey shikayaton kii sameeksha taka hain.
haalaanki, media sangathanon key aarakshan key kaaran press parishad kabhi bhee kaam mein naheen aaee. isaki sthaapana key virodh mein, peshevar patrakaar sangathanon ney parishad mein apane chaar sadasyon koo naamit karane seey parhej kiya. phir bhee, adhyaksh niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, karyalaya abb maujood hain aur samanya prashaasan kaa kaam jaari haye. isake kaaran sarkaar ney poore press parishad tantra kii sameeksha kii haye.
press parishad adhyadesh kaa 2002 key press, samachar patron, samachar agencies aur pustak panjikaran adhyadesh (pee. aine. aeye. bee. aar. oh.) seey seedha sambandh haye. yeh kaanoon media swaamitva key maandandon key prakashanon key panjikaran kii prakriyaon seey sambandhit haye.
ack samachar patra key prakaashan key liye anumati yaa 'ghoshana' key liye aavashyak dastavejon mein seey ack sampaadak kii or seey pakistan key press council key adhyadesh kii anusuchi mein nihit naitik aachar sanhita kaa paalan karane kii guaranti haye. halanki press parishad kii prakriya ney maun yaa lakvagrast curr diyaa haye, lekin aapas mein jodane vaale kaanoonon key inn roopon seey sarkaar koo pratibandh lagaane aur samachar patron key khilaf kathor kaarravaai karane key liye atirikt saadhan pradaan kiye jaa sakate hain. pee. aine. aeye. bee. aar., kaee anya aavashyaktaon key beach yeh maang kartaa haye kii ack prakaashak apane baink vivaran pradaan karey. panjikaran prakriya key liye isamen sakht niyantran aur niyam bhee hain. yeh naa kewal logistic vivaran kii maang kartaa haye, balki sampadakon aur samagri pradaataon key baare mein vistrit jaankaari kii bhee aavashyakta hoti haye.
yadi vishesh sarkari anumati naheen dee jaati haye tou prakashanon (mukhya roop seey samachar patron aur samachar agencies) kaa swaamitva pakistani nagrikon taka hii seemit haye. saajhedaari mein videshi bhagidari 25 pratishat seey adhik naheen hoe sakati haye. kaanoon videshiyon koo ack samachar agency yaa kissy bhee media station koo chalaane key liye 'ghoshana' praapt karane kii anumati naheen detaa haye.
samachar agencies.
pakistan kii pramukh samachar agencies mein shamil hainh

