francis matland balfour

fraansis (frank) matland balfour, jise aff key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. aim. balfour (10 navambar 1851-19 julaai 1882) ack british jeevvigyaani they. mont blanck kii chadhaai key prayaas mein unhone apani zaan ganwa dee. unhein unake sahyogiyon dwara unake samay key sabse mahaan jeevvigyaani aur charles darwin key uttaradhikari key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa.
jeevan.
rajneta arther balfour key chhote bhaai, unakaa janm scotland key edinberg mein huaa thaa. unhone hairo school mein padhaai kii, jahan unhone praakritik itihas puraskar key liye nossos key bhavishya key puraatatvavid arther evance key saath sambandh banaae. hairo mein ack shikshak george griffith ney unhein praakritik vigyaan kii khoj mein protsaahit aur sahaayata kii, jiska swaad, vishesh roop seey bhoovigyaan, unhone apani maan seey praapt kiya thaa. 1870 mein cambridge key trinity college mein pravesh karate hue, way agale varsh apane college key praakritik vigyaan key vidwan chune gaye, aur disambar 1873 key praakritik vigyaan key adhyayan mein doosara sthaan praapt kiya.
carrier.
1871 mein surr michael foster dwara bhroon vigyaan parr diye gaye vyakhyanon ney pashu aakriti vigyaan parr balfour kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya. tripos key baad, unhein naples zoological station mein cambridge vishvavidyalaya koo aavantit dou seeton mein seey ack parr kabja karane key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. unhone 1874 mein trinity key ack saathi key roop mein apane chunaav mein ack mahatvapurna degree mein yogdan diyaa; aur unhein alasmobranch machhali parr shodh patron kii ack shrinkhala (1878 mein ack monograph key roop mein prakaashit) key liye samagri bhee dee, jisane kasheruki jeevon mein kaee angon key vikas parr naee roshni daali, vishesh roop seey mootra-janmajaat aur tantrika pranaliyon key.
unakaa agala kaam dou khandon mein ack badaa granth thaa, "tulanaatmak bhroon vigyaan"; pahala, 1880 mein prakaashit, aksheruki jeevon key saath, aur doosara (1881) kasheruki jeevon key saath. iss pustak ney ack jordar vaigyaanik kalpana koo pradarshit kiya, joe ack taarkik bhavna dwara niyantrit thee, joe tathya aur parikalpana key beach kathor roop seey antar karati thee, aur isane apane prakaashan seey pahale ack shatabdi kii timahi key dauran jaanvaron key vikas key sambandh mein kiye gaye sankhyaaheen avlokanon key ack prashansaniya paachan key roop mein aur mool shodh key kaam key roop mein, donon koo jaldi seey vyaapak maanyata praapt kii.
balfour kii pratishtha abb aisee thee kii anya vishvavidyalaya unaki sevaaon koo surakshit karane key liye utsuk hoe gaye, aur unhein oxford mein professor george rollston aur edinberg mein surr viaville thomson key uttaradhikari key roop mein aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki way kewal ack college key vyakhyata they, unake paas apane vishvavidyalaya mein koee aadhikarik pada naheen thaa, unhone cambridge chhodane seey incar curr diyaa, aur 1882 key vasant mein vishvavidyalaya ney unake laabh key liye pashu aakriti vigyaan kii ack vishesh peeth sthaapit kii.
vaha ack pratibaddh darvinian thaa, halanki vaha larva kii utpatti parr darwin seey asahmat thaa. darwin ney maanaa kii larva vayaskon key samaan stock seey utpann hotey hain, lekin balfour kaa maanana thaa kii lagbhag sabhi larva 'maadhyamik' hain.ee. way "prajaatiyon key ontogeny mein shamil hoe gaye hain, jinamen seey yuva mool roop seey vayask key sabhi paatron key saath paida hue they. echinoderms key mamle mein, unhone tark diyaa kii maujooda vargon kii sthaapana key baad dweepaksheeya larva koo pesh kiya gayaa hoga, aur unhone heckle key drishtikon koo chunauti dee kii yeye larva iss baat key pramaan hain kii echinoderms kaa vikas dweepaksheeya poorvajon seey huaa thaa.
juuna 1878 mein unhein shaahi samaaj kaa ack sadasya chunaa gayaa, aur 1881 mein unhein unake shaahi padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa "pashu aakriti vigyaan mein unake kaee aur mahatvapurna yogdan key liye; aur vishesh roop seey mootrajanan angon aur kasheruka kii pramastishk nason kii utpatti kaa sammaan karane vaali unaki jaanch key liye; aur alasmobranch machhliyon key vikas parr unake kaam key liye."
praarambhik mrityu.
balfour ney apane nae pada parr kabhi vyakhyan naheen diyaa. apani niyukti key baad pahale karyakal mein unhein typhoid bukhaar key hamale seey kaam karane seey roque diyaa gayaa thaa, aur apane swaasthya key liye alps gaye they. balfour aur guide johann patrus koo sambhavatah 19 julaai 1882 koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa, usa samay iguil blanch, mont blanck kii chadhaai kaa prayaas karate hue, binaa kissy nuksan key.
ack shandar aakriti vigyaani honey key alawa, balfour ack kushal prakritivaadi they. charles darwin ney unhein "scotish couvier" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya. huxley ney socha kii vaha "ekmatra vyakti thaa joe meraa kaam curr sakata haye", aur yeh kii balfour aur doubleu kii mrityu. key. clifford "hamaare samay mein vigyaan key liye sabse badee kshati" thee. unhein purvi lothian key whittingheim mein dafnaya gayaa thaa.

