iberian links

iberian links (links pardinus) dakshin-paschimi europe mein iberian praaydweep kii ack jangli billi prajaati haye. yeh iucn laal soochi mein luptapray key roop mein soochibaddh haye. 20veen shatabdi mein, adhik shikaar, avaidh shikaar, upayukt aavason key vikhandan aur isaki mukhya shikaar prajaati, europeeya khargosh ("orictolagus cuniculus") kii aabaadi mein girawat key kaaran, myxomatosis aur khargosh raktasravi roga key kaaran, iberian links kii aabaadi mein girawat aaee thee.
21veen sadee key anta taka, iberian links vilupt honey key kagaar parr thaa, kyonki 2002 mein andalusia mein dou alag-alag upa-aabaadi mein kewal 94 vyakti jeevit rahey. taba seey sanrakshan upaayon koo lagu kiya gayaa haye, jisamen awas mein sudhaar, khargoshon kaa punah bhandaran, sthanantaran, punah parichay aur nigrani shamil haye. 2012 taka, jansankhya badhkar 326 hoe gaee thee, 2020 mein 855,2021 mein 1,111 aur 2023 key maee mein 1668 hoe gaee thee.
yeh ack ack prakaar kii prajaati haye, aur maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh "links isiodorensis" seey vikasit hui haye.
vargeekaran.
"felis pardina" 1827 mein koenrad jacob tempink dwara prastaavit vaigyaanik naam thaa, jinhone portugal mein tagus nadee key kshetra mein maare gaye aur peris aur landan mein vyaapaar kiye gaye iberian links kii khaal kaa varnan kiya thaa.
yeh ack ack prakaar kii prajaati haye.
phylogeny.
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii iberian links "links isiodorensis" seey vikasit huaa haye.
iberian links key sabse puraane jeevaashm avashesh praarambhik pleastocene kaal key hain.
iberian links aanuvanshik roop seey 1.98 seey 0.7 laakh saal pahale ack advitiya prajaati key roop mein alag hoe gayaa thaa. iska sabse karibi jeevit rishtedaar eurasian links ("links links") haye jisake saath yeh 20veen shatabdi taka ack nishchit degree taka saha-astitva mein thaa.
visheshataaen.
iberian links mein ack chhota chamkila peela seey laker chamkile rung kaa chittidaar farr hotaa haye. dhabbe aakar aur aakar mein chhote goal seey laker lambe taka bhinn hotey hain. way panktiyon mein vyavasthit hotey hain aur peechhe seey kinaaron kii or aakar mein cumm hoe jaate hain.
iska sir chhote hotey hain aur unake kaana chhote hotey hain. iska shareer lambe pairon aur ack chhoti poonchh key saath chhota haye. purushon key sir aur shareer kii lambai lambi poonchh aur vajan key saath hoti haye. maadaaen lagbhag ack sir-seey-shareer-lambai aur ack vajan key saath chhoti hoti hain.
vitaran aur nivaas sthaan.
ack samay mein poore iberian praaydweep mein iberian links maujood thaa. 1950 key dashak mein, uttari aabaadi bhoomadhyasagariya seey galicia aur uttari portugal key kuchh hisson taka aur dakshini aabaadi madhya seey dakshini spen taka faili hui thee. 1940 key dashak mein aabaadi 15 upa-aabaadi seey ghatkar 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein kewal dou upa-aabaadi hoe gaee, sabse ullekhaniya roop seey montes dee toldo aur siera morena mein. 1973 seey pahale, yeh donna kshetra mein siera dee gaata, montes dee toldo, purvi siera morena, siera dee rulambar aur tateey maidanon mein maujood thaa. 1960 aur 2000 key dashak kii shuruat key beach, isane apani poorv seema kaa lagbhag 80 pratishat khou diyaa haye. 2012 mein, yeh dakshini spen mein bahut seemit kshetron taka seemit thaa, kewal siera morena aur donna tateey maidanon mein prajanan kii pushti hui thee. 2014 taka, isaki seema mein castilla-laa mancha kii siera morena aur montes dee toldo aur spen mein extremadura kii mattel ghaati aur portugal mein guadia ghaati shamil thee.
jeevaashm avasheshon seey sanket milata haye kii plistocene key anta aur praarambhik holocene key dauran iberian links kii ack vyaapak seema thee. uttari itali mein aaren candide mein paae jaane vaale paanch links avashesh vartamaan seey lagbhag 620 saal pahale key hain. dakshini france mein cabias gufa mein paaya gayaa ack namuna radiocarbon thaa joe vartamaan seey 3780 ± 90 saal pahale kaa thaa. 2021 mein, 40,000 saal pahale key iberian links kii ack badee sandrata kii pehchaan pahali baar dakshini itali mein, apulia mein ingarano key jeevaashm sthal parr kii gaee thee.
iberian links khule ghaas key maidan key visham vatavaran koo pasand kartaa haye jisamen strawberry kaa pedh, mastic aur juniper jaisi ghanee jhaadiyan aur holm oak aur cork oak jaise pedon koo milaaya jaataa haye. abb yeh kaafee hudd taka pahaadi kshetron taka hii seemit haye.
vyavhaar aur paaristhitiki.
iberian links apane kshetra koo apane mootra, pedon kii chhaalon parr kharonch key nishan aur scatt key saath chihnit kartaa haye. vayaskon kii gharelu shreniyaan kaee varshon seey sthir hain.
1999 aur 2008 key beach purvi siera morena pahaadon mein camera trapping sarvekshanon seey pataa chalaa kii chhah mahilaaon key ghar kii shrinkhalaaen theen. kshetra mein chaar purushon key ghar kii seemaaen theen.
aahar aur shikaar.
iberian links apane aahar key badey hisse key liye europeeya khargosh ("orictolagus cuniculus") parr sabse adhik nirbhar kartaa haye, jisake poorak laal pair vaale teetar ("alectoris roofa"), krintak aur jangli guchhedaar jaanvaron parr bhee ack chhoti see degree hoti haye.
yeh kabhi-kabhi yuva gir hiran ("dama dama"), europeeya row hiran ("caprolus caprolus"), europeeya mauflon ("ovis arries musemon") aur battakhon kaa shikaar kartaa haye. ack purush koo prati dinn ack khargosh kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jabaki billi key bachche paalane vaali mahila prati dinn teen khargosh khaayegi.
prajaati mein cumm anukoolan kshamata haye-yeh khargoshon parr bahut adhik nirbhar kartaa rhaa (apane bhojan key sevan kaa 75 pratishat) baad vaale kii baar-baar aabaadi key durghatanaon key bavjood myxomatosis aur khargosh raktasravi roga key kaaran.
yeh shikaar key liye iberian bhediya ("canis lupus signates"), laal lomdi ("vulps vulps"), misra key nevla ("herpestes icmune") aur europeeya jangli billi ("felis sylvesteris") key saath pratispardha kartaa haye. isake alawa, yeh aksar anya chhote mansahari jaise kii uparokt laal lomdi, misra key nevla aur samanya aanuvanshiki ("genetta genetta") koo maar detaa haye.
prajanan.
billi key bachche 7 seey 10 maheene kii umr mein swatantra hoe jaate hain, lekin lagbhag 20 maheene kii umr taka maan key saath rahate hain. yuva kaa astitva shikaar prajaatiyon kii upalabdhata parr bahut adhik nirbhar kartaa haye. jangli mein, narr aur maadaa donon ack saal kii umr mein yaun paripakvata taka pahunchate hain, halanki vyavhaar mein way shayed hii kabhi taba taka prajanan karate hain jaba taka kii ack kshetra khaali naheen hoe jaataa; ack mahila koo paanch saal kii umr taka prajanan karane key liye naheen jaanaa jaataa thaa jaba taka kii usaki maan kii mrityu naheen hoe jaati thee. jangli mein adhikatam ayu 13 varsh haye.
saathi khojane mein kathinaaee key kaaran adhik prajanan huaa haye, jisake parinamswarup cumm billi key bachche aur gair-aghaat mrityu kii darr adhik haye. prajanan seey veerya kii gunavatta cumm hoti haye aur purushon mein baanjhapan kii darr adhik hoti haye, jisase prajaatiyon kii swaasthya kshamata badhaane key prayason mein baadha aatee haye.
dhamkiyaan.
iberian links koo awas haani, sadak durghatanaon aur avaidh shikaar seey khatra haye. awas kaa nuksan mukhya roop seey buniyaadi dhaanche mein sudhaar, shahari aur resort vikas aur pedh mono kheti key kaaran hotaa haye, joe links key vitaran koo todata haye. 20veen shatabdi mein, khargosh roga jaise kii myxomatosis aur raktasravi roga key parinamswarup isake mukhya shikaar mein naatakiya girawat aaee. khargoshon aur lomadiyon key liye avaidh jaal 1990 key dashak mein links mrityu key pramukh kaaran they.
harr saal, kaee iberian links taba marr jaate hain jaba way bhaari yatayat key saath rajmargon koo paar karane kii koshish karate hain. 2013 mein, 14 iberian links sadakon parr maare gaye, aur 2014 mein 21.
2007 mein, kaee vyaktiyon kii billi key leukemia seey mrityu hoe gaee.
2013 mein, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii iberian links mein apane paachan tantra key bheetar antibiotic pratirodhi bacteria hotaa haye, jisase adhik khatarnak aur ilaaj mein mushkil sankraman hoe sakate hain, aur isaki fitness mein kamee aaa sakati haye.
sanrakshan.
iberian links poori tarah seey sanrakshit haye. yeh europeeya vanyajeevon aur praakritik aavason key sanrakshan parr burn sammelan key parishisht II parr aur europeeya sangh key awas nirdesh key anubandh II aur IV parr uddhrit parishisht I parr soochibaddh haye. ise 2014 seey iucn laal soochi mein luptapray key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye.
sanrakshan upaayon mein apane mool nivaas sthaan koo bahaal karna, jangli khargoshon kii aabaadi koo banaae rakhna, mrityu key apraakritik karanon koo cumm karna aur bandee nasl key vyaktiyon koo chhodana shamil haye. 
prakriti key sanrakshan key liye spanish rashtriya aayog ney bandee aabaadi kaa prabandhan karke aur "punah parichay karyakramon key madhyam seey naee iberian links mukt-shreni aabaadi sthaapit karane mein madad karane key liye" ack suraksha jaal "key roop mein kaam karane key liye iberian links aiks seetu sanrakshan prajanan karyakram kaa samarthan kiya."bandee nasl kii billiyon koo chhodane seey pahale, unaki praakritik aadat kaa anukaran kiya jaa sakata haye taaki unhein jangli jeevan key liye taiyar kiya jaa sakey. 2006 key ack adhyayan mein siera morena mein rahane vaale links aur khargosh donon kii jansankhyiki kii nigrani key liye camers seey yukt ack gair-ghuspaith nigrani pranali kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. yadi jangli khargoshon mein girawat aaee tou poorak khaadya srot pradaan kiye jaa sakate hain.
pashu kii mool shreni key sanrakshan aur punarsthapana key liye prabandhan prayaas vikasit kiye jaa rahey hain. adhikaari bandee nasl key links koo chhodane kaa irada rakhate hain, joe upayukt awas, khargosh kii prachurta aur sthaaniya maanav aabaadi dwara sweekriti key kshetron kii talash karate hain. 1994 aur 2013 key beach vibhinn sanrakshan upaayon parr lagbhag 90 million euro kharch kiye gaye they. europeeya sangh kaa 61 pratishat taka kaa yogdan haye.
punah parichay karyakram.
2009 kii shuruat mein, iberian links koo guadelmalato mein phir seey pesh kiya gayaa thaa, jisake parinamswarup 2013 mein 23 kii aabaadi hui. 2010 seey, prajaati koo gwariza mein bhee jaari kiya gayaa haye. salamanka key paas shivir dee azaabaa kshetra mein release kii yojanaon parr paryaavaran mantralaya key saath charcha kii gaee. aprail 2013 mein, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii andalusia kii kull jangli aabaadi-2002 mein kewal 94-badhkar 309 hoe gaee thee. julaai 2013 mein, paryaavaran samoohon ney casseres (charam) praant mein ack jangli-janit koode kii upasthiti kii pushti kii. prakriti jalavaayu parivartan" mein julaai 2013 mein prakaashit ack adhyayan ney salah dee kii uttari iberia mein punah parichay karyakram hotey hain, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii jalavaayu parivartan dakshin mein khargoshon key liye khatra hoga.
26 navambar 2014 koo, 3 iberian links koo montes dee toldo mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa; unamen seey ack ney baad mein 40 varshon mein pahali baar madrid kshetra mein aranjyuj key paas yatra kii.
purtagaal mein, vishesh roop seey dakshin mein, iberian links kii upasthiti kii pushti kii gaee haye. 2014 mein, prakriti sanrakshan aur vann sansthaan ney portugal kii punah shuruat pariyojana key liye 2,000 hectare bhoomi koo surakshit karane key anubandhon parr hastakshar kiye.
2015 mein, dakshinpurvi purtagaal kii guadia ghaati mein guadia ghaati praakritik udyaan aur aspas key kshetron mein 10 bandee nasl key iberian links koo chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. 2015 key anta taka, iberian praaydweep parr 400 links they, jinamen seey adhikansh dakshini spen mein, andalusia mein, lekin toldo key paas pahaadiyon mein, charam (dakshin-paschimi spen) aur dakshini portugal mein chhoti naee aabaadi key saath they.
purtagaal mein iberian links kaa punah parichay ack safalata rahee haye; 17 jaanvaron seey jinhen phir seey pesh kiya gayaa thaa, 12 pahale seey hii kshetron koo sthaapit curr chuke hain.
2007 mein billi key leukemia virus (felve) key prakop key baad seey, jangli links kaa samay-samay parr sambhaavit bimari key liye pareekshan kiya jaataa haye. sitambar-disambar 2013 key namoone felve key liye nakaratmak they, lekin ack purush billi kii pratiraksha kamee virus key liye sakaratmak pareekshan karane vaalaa unaki prajaati kaa pahala purush bunn gayaa aur usey sangrodh mein rakhaa gayaa.
bandee prajanan.
2002 mein, jerez chidiyaghar ney pushti kii kii isamen teen maadaaen theen aur ack bandee prajanan karyakram key liye ack yojana vikasit curr rhaa thaa. una mahilaaon mein seey ack sailiga thee, jise aprail 2002 mein ack billi key bachche key roop mein pakada gayaa thaa. vaha kaid mein prajanan karane vaali pahali iberian links bunn gaee, jisane 29 march 2005 koo spen key huelva mein donna rashtriya udyaan mein ell esbuche prajanan kendra mein teen swasth billi key bachchon koo janm diyaa. baad key varshon mein, janmon kii sankhya badhee aur atirikt prajanan kendra khole gaye. march 2009 mein, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii karyakram kii shuruat seey 27 billi key bachche paida hue they. 2009 mein, spanish sarkaar ney zaarzaa dee grenadilla mein 5,5 million euro kaa prajanan kendra banaane kii yojana banaai.
portugal mein, centro national dee reproduceo doo lens-iberico ney sylves, portugal key paas ack prajanan kendra sthaapit kiya, aur taba seey 122 vyaktiyon kaa paalan-poshan kiya haye, joe sabhi prajanan kendra mein paida hue hain, jinamen seey 89 butch gaye hain. unamen seey 73 koo jangal mein phir seey pesh kiya gayaa. punah parichay mertola aur guadia ghaati mein sarpa mein hotaa haye. 2020 taka, lagbhag 50,000 hectare key kshetra mein faile purtagaal key jangal mein lagbhag 140 vyakti hain, jinamen seey 50 shaavak hain.
2008 mein 14 aur 2009 mein 15 billi key bachche jeevit they. 2010 mein, teevra barish aur swaasthya muddon key parinamswarup prajanan mein safalata cumm hui, arthaat.ee. 14 janm, aathh jeevit. lekin agale varsh, prajanan kendron ney 26 jeevit billi key bachchon key saath 45 janm darj kiye. 2012 mein, purtagaal aur spen mein prajanan kendron ney 59 janmon seey kull 44 jeevit logon kii soochana dee, jabaki 2013 mein 53 janmon mein seey kull 44 jeevit bache. 2017 mein, iberian links kii kull aabaadi 475 namoonon taka pahunch gaee. farwari 2019 mein, kull jansankhya lagbhag 650 vyaktiyon taka badhane kaa anuman thaa.
march 2013 mein, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii pahali baar iberian links bhroon aur andakoshikaon koo ekatra kiya gayaa thaa aur sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa. unhein sailiga aur ack anya mahila seey ekatra kiya gayaa thaa-donon prajanan karyakram seey sterilized aur sevaanivritt-chidiyaghar aur vanyajeev anusandhaan key liye berlin key leibniz sansthaan dwara aur sambhaavit bhavishya key prajanan key liye madrid mein museo national dee ciencias natural mein taral nitrogen mein sangraheet kiya gayaa thaa. julaai 2014 mein, aim. aine. see. aine.-see. see. ney ghoshana kii kii unhone yaun roop seey aparipakva links key vrishan ootak seey shukranu koshikaon kaa utpaadan kiya haye.
disambar 2014 seey lisban chidiyaghar mein, aur julaai 2016 seey madrid chidiyaghar mein jerez chidiyaghar mein iberian links rakhe jaate hain.
aanuvanshik anusandhaan.
iberian links kii aanuvanshik vividhata kissy bhee anya aanuvanshik roop seey garib felid kii tulanaa mein cumm haye, joe vikhandan, jansankhya kii baadha aur jansankhya ikaaiyon key algaav kaa parinam haye. donna aur andujar mein iberian links sookshm upgrah markers parr aanuvanshik roop seey bhinn hotey hain. donna mein ekatra kiye gaye namoonon ney uchch star key prajanan kaa pradarshan kiya kyonki yeh ikai lambe samay taka alag-thalag thee.

