
newyork state rifle aind pistaul association, ink. vee. chotil

newyork state rifle aind pistaul association, ink. vee. brune, sankshipt roop seey nisrpa vee. brune aur jise 2020 key mamle seey alag karane key liye nisarpa II yaa brune key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, sanyukt raajya america key samvidhaan mein dusare sanshodhan seey sambandhit sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya kaa ack aitihaasik nirnay haye. yeh mamla 1911 key sullivan adhiniyam kii samvaidhaaniktaa seey sambandhit thaa, ack newyork raajya kaanoon jisamen avedakon koo apane aavedan mein "uchit kaaran" dikhaane key liye ack gupt pistaul leey jaane key licenses yaa aam janata seey alag karane yogya ack vishesh aavashyakta kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
6-3 key nirnay mein, bahumat ney faisala sunaaya kii newyork kaa kaanoon asamvaidhaanik thaa, aur faisala sunaaya kii dusare sanshodhan key tahat saarvajanik roop seey pistaul leey jaane kii kshamata ack samvaidhaanik adhikaar thaa. bahumat ney faisala sunaaya kii raajyon koo "jaari karane kii anumati" koo lagu karane kii anumati haye, jahaan gupt leey jaane kii anumati key liye avedakon koo kuchh uddeshya maandandon koo puuraa karna chaahiye, jaise kii prishthabhoomi jaanch paas karna, lekin yeh kii "jaari karane kii" pranali joe sthaaniya adhikaariyon dwara kii gaee aavashyakta key "manmaane" mulyankan kaa upayog karati haye, asamvaidhaanik haye. 
brune" key maddenajar, sanghiya aur raajyon key bandook niyamon seey judey kaee mukadame daayar kiye gaye hain, jisamen nyaypalika parr saarvajanik bhalai key vichaar mein naheen, balki "agneyastra viniyaman kii aitihaasik parampara" key aalok mein viniyaman kaa mulyankan karane kii aavashyakta parr jore diyaa gayaa haye, ack vakyansh joe bahumat key lekhak nyaayamurti clarence thomas dwara likhaa gayaa haye. inmein seey kaee mamalon ney lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey niyamon koo safaltapurvak ulat diyaa thaa kyonki niyam aitihaasik parampara key naheen they. sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale koo isake bandook nyayshastra kaa ack naatakiya vistaar maanaa gayaa haye, aur kuchh nichali adalat key nyayadhishon dwara isaki aalochana kii gaee haye kii yeh kaam naheen curr sakata haye. 30 juuna, 2023 koo, sarvocch nyayalaya ney "sanyukt raajya banaam" mein pramaan patra pradaan kiya. rahimi, "ack aisaa mamla jise kaee loga maanate hain kii" brune "koo cumm curr sakata haye.
prishthabhoomi.
poorv doosara sanshodhan mamla kaanoon.
sanyukt raajya america mein saarvajanik roop seey bandooken leey jaane key adhikaar key baare mein mudda 21veen sadee key adhikansh samay seey rajneeti aur samvaidhaanik kaanoon mein ack vivaadit kshetra rhaa haye. mamle seey pahale, sarvocch nyayalaya ney apane ghar mein bandook rakhane kii disha mein dou pramukh nirnay sthaapit kieh "kolambiya kaa jilaa banaam. heller "ney pushti kii kii yuu.aiss. nagrikon koo dusare sanshodhan key tahat apane gharon key bheetar bandooken rakhane kaa ack vyaktigat adhikaar thaa, joe ack "achchi tarah seey viniyamit milicia" seey asambaddh thaa, aur "mcdonald banaam. shikago shahar ney pushti kii kii yeh ack adhikaar thaa jise raajyon key khilaf shamil kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, kissy key ghar key baahar swaamitva kaa sawal abhee taka sarvocch nyayalaya taka naheen pahuncha thaa, aur isake bajaay raajya key kaanoonon aur sanghiya adalat key faisalon key asangat dhaanche parr adharit thaa. inn nirnayon koo aam taur parr lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey samanya kaanoon parr adharit kiya gayaa thaa kii sarkaar key paas saarvajanik sthaanon mein agneyastron koo viniyamit karane kii kshamata haye taaki saarvajanik bandook rakhane parr raajya key niyamon koo banaae rakhaa jaa sakey. heller" key baad seey ack hazaar seey adhik mamalon mein, adhikansh sanghiya appeal adalaton ney saarvajanik-wahan bandook niyantran kaanoonon kii vaidhata kaa nirnay lene key liye kadee jaanch key bajaay madhyavarti jaanch kaa upayog kiya haye, joe saarvajanik sthaanon mein bandookon key kabje koo pratibandhit karke janata kii raksha key liye raajyon key sammohak hita koo taalate hain.
heller" aur "mcdonald" key baad seey, sarvocch nyayalaya parr rashtriya rifle sangh jaise bandook-adhikaar adhivaktaon dwara bandookon key saarvajanik kabje seey sambandhit dusare sanshodhan adhikaaron kii sameeksha karane key liye dabaav daala gayaa thaa, lekin adalat ney kaee mamalon koo paarit kiya thaa joe prastut kiye gaye they. mamla "newyork state rifle aind pistaul association ink. vee. newyork shahar, joe newyork shahar seey bandookon key parivahan seey sambandhit thaa, koo 2019 mein sarvocch nyayalaya dwara sweekaar curr liya gayaa thaa, lekin antarnihit kaanoon mein badalaav key kaaran, mamla vivadaspad hoe gayaa thaa.
cases prishthabhoomi.
newyork shahar key kuchh padoson mein badhati aaparaadhik hinsa kaa mukabala karane key liye, jisamen newyork shahar key meyer villium jey. kii hatyaa kaa prayaas bhee shamil haye. genner aur lekhak david graham phillips kii hatyaa, timothi sullivan ney 1911 mein raajya vidhanmandal koo sullivan adhiniyam banaane key liye prerit kiya. isane binaa permit key ack handgun key kabje koo aparaadh banaa diyaa, aur sthaaniya kaanoon pravartan key vivek parr gupt carrie permit jaari karane kii sthaapana kii. kaanoon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii anumati praapt karane key liye, aavedak koo "samanya samudaay yaa usee peshe mein lagey vyaktiyon seey alag aatm-suraksha kii vishesh aavashyakta kaa pradarshan karna chaahiye. raajya ney spasht kiya thaa kii yeh aatmaraksha key liye ack gair-anumaanit aavashyakta honey chaahiye taaki anumati dene key liye ack uchit kaaran sthaapit kiya jaa sakey. newyork raajya rifle aur pistaul sangh, robbert naish aur brandon coach key saath, joe newyork raajya mein permit praapt karane mein whiffle rahey, ney usa kaanoon koo chunauti dee, taaki permit key mudde koo abb vivekadhin naheen banaaya jaa sakey. udaaharan key liye, naish ney apane pados mein dakaiti kii ack shrinkhala key baad ack handgun key liye anumati maangi, lekin usey aswikar curr diyaa gayaa kyonki vaha aatmaraksha kii aavashyakta saabit naheen curr sakaa. vaadi ney tark diyaa kii unake permit key khilaf kaanoon aur nirnay trutipurna they; "inn adalaton key anusaar, ack maulik adhikaar kaa prayog karane kii saral ichcha key saath-saath achchha, yahaan taka kii trutiheen, naitik charitra paryaapt naheen haye. naa hii vaha uchch aparaadh vaale kshetra mein reh rhaa haye yaa naukari curr rhaa haye.'sullivan adhiniyam koo sanyukt raajya america mein pahala saarvajanik-jaari kaanoon maanaa jaataa haye, kyonki ack vyakti koo saarvajanik roop seey bandook leey jaane kii anumati dene kaa vivekadhikar aavashyakta key mulyankan parr adharit haye, jise newyork seey saat anya raajyon ney apanaaya haye. yeh paatrata nirdhaarit karane key liye prishthabhoomi jaanch aur yogyata jaanch jaise nirdhaarak tarikon key aadhar parr haal kii "jaari kii jaane vaali" licenses aavashyaktaon key vipareet haye.
nichali adaalaten.
tatkalin adheekshak george pee. key khilaf mamla darj kiya gayaa. newyork raajya pulis aur justice richard jey. key beach II. nyu york supreme court key mcnally koo shuru mein 2018 mein newyork key uttari jile mein khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. vaadi ney dusare circuit mein appeal kii, jisane agast 2020 mein jilaa adalat dwara barkhastagi kii pushti kii. 2019 mein corlett; corlett koo cavin pee dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 2021 mein brune, aur baad mein brune koo mukadame mein prativaadi aur prativaadi key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa.
sarvocch nyayalaya.
yachikakartaon ney sarvocch nyayalaya seey apane mamle kii sameeksha karane key liye kahaa thaa, vishesh roop seey iss sawal parr jore dete hue kii kyaa doosara sanshodhan sarkaar koo aatmaraksha key liye aam kaanoon kaa paalan karane vaale nagrikon koo ghar key baahar bandook leey jaane seey rokane kii anumati detaa haye. sarvocch nyayalaya ney 26 aprail, 2021 koo pramaan patra pradaan kiya, halanki isane mamle koo iss sawal taka seemit curr diyaa kii kyaa raajya dwara aatm-raksha key liye gupt-wahan licenses key liye yachikakartaon key avedanon seey incar karane seey dusare sanshodhan kaa ullanghan huaa haye. mamle kii sunavaai 3 navambar, 2021 koo hui thee. yachikakartaon kaa pratinidhitva paul clement ney kiya thaa, jinhone george doubleu key prashaasan key dauran solicitor general key roop mein kaary kiya thaa. busch aur ney sanyukt raajya kii or seey "heller" mein "nyaaymitra" key roop mein aur "mcdonald" mein yachikakartaon key samarthan mein rashtriya rifle sangh kii or seey tark diyaa. uttardaataon kaa pratinidhitva newyork raajya key solicitor general barbara underwood ney kiya, jinhone bill clinton key prashaasan key dauran solicitor general key karyalaya mein seva kii aur asthaayi roop seey kaary kiya.
clinton seey busch mein sankraman key beach sanyukt raajya america key karyavahak solicitor general.
yeh mamla pahala badaa bandook-adhikaar mamla thaa jise sarvocch nyayalaya ney ack dashak seey adhik samay mein "nyu york state rifle aind pistaul association ink" key baahar sunaa thaa. vee. newyork shahar. yeh chhah sadasyiya roodhivaadi bahumat dwara sunaa jaane vaalaa pahala bandook-adhikaar mamla bhee thaa, jisamen nyayadhish clarence thomas, neel gorsach aur brett cavenog shamil they, jinhone poorv raay mein sarvocch nyayalaya koo dusare sanshodhan mamalon parr vartamaan rukh kii sameeksha karane kii aavashyakta parr jore diyaa thaa. nyaayamurti ammy coney barrett ney bhee sarvocch nyayalaya mein unaki niyukti seey pahale dusare sanshodhan kii sameeksha key liye samarthan vyakt kiya thaa. adhik roodhivaadi sadasyata kii or badalaav key kaaran, kuchh adalat vishleshakon kaa maanana thaa kii adalat raajyon kii shaktiyon parr vyaktigat adhikaaron key paksh mein dusare sanshodhan kii adhik udaartaa seey vyakhya curr sakati haye, joe kaee maujooda saarvajanik-swaamitva niyamon koo asamvaidhaanik banaa sakata haye. haalaanki, jaisa kii "woakes" iaan milhaaizar dwara charcha kii gaee haye, adalat dwara diyaa gayaa seemit prashn iss mudde koo gupt-leey jaane vaale licenses taka seemit curr sakata haye naa kii kissy bhee aur sabhi saarvajanik kabje key mamle mein.
nyaaymitra sankshipt vivaran.
iss mamle key liye assie seey adhik "emissi curie" daayar kiye gaye they.
bhedbhaav aur haashiye parr padey samooh.
americi alpasankhyak samoohon kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale sangathanon ney sullivan adhiniyam key adhikansh hisse koo asamvaidhaanik key roop mein hataane key samarthan mein nyaaymitra key sankshipt vivaran prastut kiye. bronx rakshakon, brooklin rakshak sevaaon aur kanuni sahaayata key kaale vakeelon ney raay dee kii doosara sanshodhan newyork mein ack "kanuni kalpana" haye jaba yeh rung key logon key liye aataa haye. inn saarvajanik rakshak aur kanuni sahaayata sangathanon key anusaar, 2020 key dauran newyork mein avaidh bandook rakhane key liye giraftar kiye gaye logon mein seey lagbhag 96 pratishat yaa tou kaale yaa lattin they. sullivan adhiniyam aur anya vivekadhin newyork raajya bandook niyantran niyamon kaa asman nasleeya prabhaav adalat koo pradaan kiye gaye unake sankshipt vivaran key anusaar "koee durghatana naheen" haye. black gunn matter, ack ladki aur ack bandook mahila shooting leag, aur sashastr samaantaa, ack lgbt aatmaraksha samooh, ney apane swayam key nyaaymitra sankshipt mein adalat key liye ack samaan raay vyakt kii, jisamen iss mudde koo "gahara bhedbhavpurna" kahaa gayaa.
uchit kaaran" kii kamjori.
chhiyas raajya key attorney general ney tark diyaa kii uchit-kaaran pareekshan kii vyaktiparak prakriti "kissy bhee star kii jaanch key tahat whiffle hoe jaati haye" kyonki isake liye licenses avedakon koo yeh saabit karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye kii way pahale seey hii hinsak apraadhon key shikaar hoe chuke hain "isase pahale kii way khud koo usa hinsa seey bachaane key liye ack agneyastra leey jaa sakein.
black gunn matter ney uchit kaaran kii aavashyakta koo koee vastunishth maanak naheen bataaya, aur isaliye vyavhaar mein bhedbhavpurna upayog key liye khud koo prastut kiya.
itihas aur poorvavarti.
jey sahit ganarajya key vakeelon kaa ack samooh. michael lutig, peater keysler aur stuart aim. gerson ney tark diyaa kii paath, itihas, parampara aur poorvavarti yeh spasht karate hain kii raajya saarvajanik roop seey bandook hinsa koo cumm karane key liye gupt leey jaane aur kaanoon paarit karane koo pratibandhit curr sakate hain.
adalat kii raay.
mamle kaa nirnay 23 juuna, 2022 koo jaari kiya gayaa thaa. nyaay dwara likhit 6-3 raay mein [[clarence thomas]], adalat ney maanaa kii raajya kaa kaanoon asamvaidhaanik thaa kyonki yeh hathiyar rakhane aur rakhane key adhikaar kaa ullanghan kartaa haye, dusare circuit key faisale koo ulatata haye aur mamle koo aage kii sameeksha key liye remand kartaa haye. 
thomas kii bahumat kii raay, mukhya nyayadhish [[johnn roberts]] aur nyayadhishon [[saimuel alito]], [[neel gorsach]], [[brett cavenog]], aur [[ammy coney barrett]] key saath, prabhaavi roop seey dusare sanshodhan key tahat janata koo ack samvaidhaanik adhikaar pradaan kartaa haye. thomas ney likhaa, "aatmaraksha key liye saarvajanik roop seey hathiyar rakhane kaa samvaidhaanik adhikaar 'dusare darje kaa adhikaar' naheen haye, joe adhikaaron kii guaranti key anya bill kii tulanaa mein niyamon key poori tarah seey alag nikaay key adheen haye.'humm kissy anya samvaidhaanik adhikaar key baare mein naheen jaanate hain kii ack vyakti sarkari adhikaariyon koo kuchh vishesh aavashyakta kaa pradarshan karane key baad hii iska prayog curr sakata haye." 
kyonki saarvajanik roop seey leey jaanaa ack samvaidhaanik adhikaar haye, thomas ney raajya bandook kaanoonon kaa mulyankan karane key liye dou-bhaag vaale pareekshan key upayog koo khariz curr diyaa, jisamen aam taur parr [[madhyavarti jaanch]] kaa upayog shamil thaa, jiska upayog kaee nichali adalaton ney kiya thaa, aur isake bajaay newyork key kaanoon kaa mulyankan kiya kii kyaa uchit-kaaran kii aavashyakta desh kii aitihaasik parampara key anuroop haye yaa naheen. thomas ney likhaa kii bandook niyantran kaanoon joe pratibandhit "samvedansheel sthaanon" kii pehchaan karate hain, jaise kii adaalaten aur matdan sthal, abhee bhee samvaidhaanik roop seey paarit honey kii sambhavana rakhate hain, halanki shahari kshetra aise samvedansheel sthaanon key roop mein yogya naheen honge. 
dou-charaniya pareekshan (pahale dusare sanshodhan key muddon koo sambodhit karane vaali apeelon kii adalaton dwara upayog kiya jaataa thaa) koo rokane key baad, "brune" ney pehchaan kii kii nae pareekshan adalaton koo dusare sanshodhan mamalon parr upayog karna chaahiye. adalat ney kahaah "jaba dusare sanshodhan key saade paath mein kissy vyakti key aacharan [yahaan hathiyar rakhane kaa adhikaar] shamil haye, tou samvidhaan anumaanit roop seey usa aacharan kii raksha kartaa haye. sarkaar koo taba yeh pradarshit karke apane viniyaman koo uchit thaharaana chaahiye kii yeh rashtra kii agneyastra viniyaman kii aitihaasik parampara key anuroop haye. tabhi ack adalat yeh nishkarsh nikaal sakati haye kii vyakti kaa aacharan dusare sanshodhan key 'ayogya adesh' seey baahar haye.'"
sahamati.
nyaayamurti cavano ney ack [[sahmat raay]] likhaa, jisamen mukhya nyayadhish roberts ney bhee shamil kiya, yeh pushti karate hue kii raajya abhee bhee saarvajanik carrie permit jaari karane seey pahale prishthabhoomi jaanch jaisi licenses aavashyaktaon koo lagu curr sakate hain. cavano ney likhaa kii yeye jaanchen newyork kaanoon seey alag hain kyonki yeh kaanoon "licenses dene vaale adhikaariyon koo khule vivek pradaan kartaa haye aur kewal una avedakon key liye licenses koo adhikrit kartaa haye joe aatmaraksha key alawa kuchh vishesh aavashyakta dikhaa sakate hain."cavano ney nyaay seey uddhrit [[antinine scalia] kii" "heller" "mein bahumat kii raay mein kahaa kii" "hamari raay mein, apraadhiyon aur mansik roop seey beemar logon dwara agneyastra rakhane parr lambe samay seey pratibandh, yaa schools aur sarkari bhavanon jaise samvedansheel sthaanon mein agneyastra leey jaane parr pratibandh lagaane vaale kaanoonon, yaa hathiyaron kii vaanijyik bikri parr shartein aur yogyata lagu karane vaale kaanoonon parr sandeh karane key liye kuchh bhee naheen liya jaanaa chaahiye."
asahamati.
nyaayamurti [[stephen brair] ney asahamati kii raay likhi, jisamen nyaayamurti [[sonia sotomayor]] aur [[elena kagan] shamil hue. brair ney [sanyukt raajya mein bandook hinsa] kii matra kaa ullekh karke apane asahamati kaa netritva kiya, jisamen pichhale maheenon seey kaee badey saamoohik golibari koo soochibaddh karna shamil thaa. isake baad unhone likhaa kii "newyork kii vidhaayika ney bandook hinsa key baare mein anubhavjanya sakshya parr vichaar kiya aur newyork key logon koo surakshit rakhane key liye hathgole kii chhipi hui gaadi koo viniyamit karane key liye ack uchit licenses kaanoon apanaaya", aur yeh kii bahumat key nirnay ney adalaton key liye ack naee ruprekha sthaapit kii taaki dusare sanshodhan mamalon mein upayog kiya jaa sakey joe bandookon koo viniyamit karane key liye raajyon kii kshamataon koo nuksan pahunchaae. unhone nishkarsh nikala kii "jaba adaalaten dusare sanshodhan kii vyakhya karati hain, tou unake liye yeh samvaidhaanik roop seey uchit haye, vaastav mein aksar aavashyak haye, kii way bandook hinsa key gambhir khatron aur parinamon parr vichaar karein joe raajyon koo agneyastron koo viniyamit karane key liye prerit karate hain.
asahamati kii aalochana.
nyaayamurti alito ney bahumat key liye ack alag sahamati likhi, jisamen unhone brair kii asahamati kii aalochana karate hue kahaa, "yeh dekhana mushkil haye kii asahamati key adhikansh lambe parichayaatmak khand dwara sambhavatah kyaa vaidh uddeshya puuraa kiya jaa sakata haye... adhikansh asahamati usa vishisht prashn koo aspasht karane key liye banaai gaee prateet hoti haye jiska nirnay adalat ney liya haye."dusare sanshodhan mamalon key liye ack nae kanuni dhaanche parr brair kii chinta koo khariz karate hue, alito ney likhaa," hamari pakad iss baare mein kuchh bhee taya naheen karati haye kii kanuni roop seey kisake paas agneyastra hoe sakata haye yaa bandook khareedane key liye aavashyaktaon koo puuraa kiya jaanaa chaahiye."
nyaayamurti alito ney yeh bhee sawal kiya kii kyaa ack vyakti saamoohik golibari jaisi atyachar karane parr tule hue haye, usey rokaa jaayega kyonki usake liye apane ghar key baahar agneyastra leey jaanaa avaidh hoga. alito ney aage bataaya kii [[2022 bhains kii shooting].haal hii mein hui golibari] [bhains, newyork mein].bhains]] newyork mein hui, aur newyork key kaanoon ney aparaadhi koo rokane key liye kuchh naheen kiya thaa.
prabhaav.
jabaki yeh faisala seedhe newyork key kaanoon parr lagu hotaa haye, kanuni vishleshakon aur sansadon koo ummeed thee kii iss faisale kaa upayog california, havaai, maryland, massachusets, nyu jersey aur road dweep mein bandook niyamon koo chunauti dene key liye kiya jaayega. newyork aur inn raajyon mein sansadon ney nae niyamon kaa mulyankan karna shuru curr diyaa joe sakht swaamitva kaanoonon koo banaae rakhate hue sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale kaa paalan karenge.
24 juuna, 2022 koo karyavahak [[naee jersey key attorney general]], [[mait jey. ], ney nishkarsh nikala kii "brune" ney raajya koo ack handgun leey jaane kii uchit aavashyakta koo pradarshit karane key liye gupt anumati kii aavashyakta seey manaa curr diyaa aur kaanoon pravartan aur abhiyojakon koo avedanon koo ack mudde key aadhar parr sansaadhit karane kaa nirdesh diyaa. california aur havaai key attorney general ney isi tarah key nirdesh jaari kiye.
brune" key faisale key maheenon key bheetar, sanghiya aur raajyon key agneyastra niyamon koo chunauti dene vaale kaee maujooda aur nae mukadame, joe thomas kii bahumat kii raay mein pesh kii gaee "agneyastra viniyaman kii aitihaasik parampara" kii bhasha parr dabaaye gaye they, aur paaramparik metrick kii andekhi karane key liye kii kyaa pratibandh saarvajanik bhalai kii seva kartaa haye. farwari 2023 taka pravartan seey avaruddh kiye gaye sanghiya kaanoonon mein way shamil hain joe gharelu hinsa key aparaadh key doshi logon seey bandook key swaamitva koo rokte hain, joe antim (sunavaai key baad jaari kiye gaye jisake baare mein prativaadi koo notice diyaa gayaa thaa aur jiss parr prativaadi koo avsar milaa thaa) key adheen hain. inn nirnayon kii prashansa dusare sanshodhan kaaryakartaon dwara kii gaee haye, lekin yuu. aiss. mein majboot bandook niyantran key liye ladane vaalon dwara unaki aalochana kii gaee haye.aiss. brune" kii vyakhyaon koo nyayadhishon aur kanuni vidvaanon dwara vividh maanaa gayaa haye, kyonki "aitihaasik parampara" kii vyakhya karane key liye nyayadhishon koo yeh samajhane kii aavashyakta hoti haye kii samvidhaan key nirmaataon ney 18veen shatabdi mein bandook key swaamitva kii kalpana kaise kii thee.
pratikriyaaen.
[[newyork key governor], [[kaithi hochul]] () ney adalat key faisale koo "daravana" kahaa aur kahaa kii yeh "apane nagrikon kii raksha karane key raajya key adhikaar koo chheen letaa haye. unhone iss nirnay kii "laparwah" aur "nindaniya" key roop mein bhee aalochana kii. 1 julaai, 2022 taka, hochul ney "brune" key nirnay key aadhar parr bandookon key saarvajanik kabje parr pratibandhon key saath kaanoon mein ack sanshodhit gupt carrie sudhaar adhiniyam (see. see. aaee. aeye.) parr hastakshar kiye. nayaa kaanoon puraane "meey-issue" maanak koo hataa detaa haye jise chunauti dee gaee thee, lekin kaksha prashikshan aur kissy bhee laal jhande key liye aavedak key soshal media post kii prishthabhoomi jaanch sahit naee aavashyaktaon koo jodata haye. isake alawa, kaanoon samvedansheel sthaanon mein bandookon koo leey jaane seey rokta haye jisamen matdan sthal, school aur church shamil hain, aur saath hii newyork key paryatak aakarshan jaise times squire shamil hain. kaanoon 1 sitambar, 2022 koo prabhaavi huaa; kaanoon key pravartan koo avaruddh karane kii maang karane vaalaa ack praarambhik mukadama sthiti kii kamee key kaaran baahar fenk diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki sanghiya nyayadhish [[glain suddabi]] sahmat they kii "brune" nirnay key tahat nayaa kaanoon asamvaidhaanik hoe sakata haye. ack doosara mukadama, joe nagrikon dwara daayar kiya gayaa thaa joe [[america key bandook maalikon] seey sambandhit thaa, nyayadhish suddabi koo 6 octuber, 2022 koo kaanoon parr ack nishedhagya dene key liye prerit kiya, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii kaanoon kii una sthaanon kii poori soochi jahaan saarvajanik parivahan parr pratibandh lagaaya gayaa thaa, sambhavatah akshamya thaa, halanki raajya ney dusare circuit mein ack aapaatkaaleen appeal daayar kii. dusare circuit ney nishedhagya hataa dee, jisase kaanoon koo lagu karane kii anumati millie, jabaki unhone apane mamle kii sameeksha kii.
alag seey, newyork shahar ney 11 octuber, 2022 koo ack vidheyak paarit kiya, jise ack samvedansheel sthaan key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan bandook kaa saarvajanik kabja gairkaanooni hoga.
[[kanuni sahaayata samaaj] ney kahaa kii nirnay "manmaane dhang seey licenses manakon koo samaapt karane kii disha mein ack sakaratmak kadam hoe sakata haye jisane newyork mein kanuni kaale aur bhoore rung kii bandook key swaamitva koo baadhit kiya haye."
sadan key alpasankhyak netaa [[cavin mccarthy]] () ney faisale kaa samarthan karate hue kahaa kii yeh "sabhi kaanoon kaa paalan karane vaale amerikiyon key anaavashyak sarkari hastakshep key binaa apana bachaav karane key adhikaar koo sahee dhang seey sunishchit kartaa haye."
kaanoon key professor [steve vladec] ney kahaa kii iss nirnay key "saarvajanik roop seey agneyastron koo leey jaane seey parey bahut adhik prabhaav honge" aur bhavishyavani kii haye kii "kissy bhee aur harr bandook-niyantran upaay koo chunauti dene vaale mukdamebaji" honge.
[[bandook adhikaaron key liye rashtriya sangh key adhyaksh, dudley braun] ney maee 2023 mein [dha newyork times] mein chot key nirnay key prabhaavon parr tippani kii..nyu york times] lekh, "[[bandook adhikaaron key liye rashtriya sangh]] key adhyaksh, dudley braun, joe bandook key swaamitva parr kissy bhee pratibandh kaa virodh karate hain, ney kahaa kii chot kaa nirnay viniyaman key khilaf ack suraksha kavach thaa aur unake sangathan koo bandook pratibandhon key khilaf kaee mukdamon koo jeetane mein madad karega. lekin unhone kahaa kii bhale hii kathor nirnay, sarvocch nyayalaya mein ack badee jeet, raajya vidhaansabhaaon aur nichali adalaton mein varshon taka ladaai hogi, jinhen abb nirnay kii vyakhya karni hogi. 'unhone kahaa, 'yeh aksar ack kadam aage, dou kadam peechhe kii tarah mahsoos hotaa haye."
baahari link.
[[vargah 2022 sanyukt raajya america mein mamla kaanoon]]
[[shrenihsanyukt raajya sarvocch nyayalaya key mamle]]
[[shrenihroberts adalat key sanyukt raajya sarvocch nyayalaya key mamle]]
[[vargahsanyukt raajya dwiteeya sanshodhan mamla kaanoon]]
[[vargah newyork (raajya) raajya mamla kaanoon]]