
australia mein apravasi swaasthya

aapravaasan kissy vyakti yaa logon key samooh kaa sthaayi roop seey rahane key liye kissy videshi desh mein andolan haye. 1788 key baad seey, jaba pahale british basane vaale vanaspati vigyaan kii khaadi mein pahunche, tou aapravasiyon ney australia mein jeevan sthaapit karane key liye duniya bhar seey yatra kii haye. logon yaa logon key samoohon key australia jaane kaa kaaran alag-alag hotaa haye. aise kaaran kaam kii talash yaa yahaan taka kii kaam kii talash key kaaran bhee hoe sakate hain.
teesari duniya key deshon seey sharan. australia mein pravesh karane vaale pravasiyon kaa swaasthya vyakti key mool desh aur way kiss paristhiti mein aae they, saath hii saath australia kii unaki yatra kii sthiti key aadhar parr bhinn hotaa haye. apravasi niyamit roop seey aur aniyamit roop seey australia mein pravesh karane key liye jaane jaate hain, aur yeh kissy key swaasthya koo bahut prabhaavit curr sakata haye. australia mein ack baar, pravasiyon koo uchch gunavatta vaali swaasthya sevaaon taka pahunch kaa avsar diyaa jaataa haye, haalaanki, inn sevaaon kaa upayog vyakti kii sanskriti aur janm sthaan key aadhar parr bhinn hoe sakata haye. shodhkartaon ney yeh saabit curr diyaa haye. australia mein sakht swaasthya niyam hain jinhen australia mein pravesh kii anumati dene seey pahale puuraa karna padata haye aur yeh nirdhaarit curr sakata haye kii kyaa kissy koo aisee pahunch dee gaee haye yaa naheen. australia mein pravasiyon kii sangrodh prakriya 1830 seey chala rahee haye, joe uttar pramukh sangrodh station seey shuru hoti haye aur poore australia mein jaari haye.
australia key apravasi.
europeeya.
1788 mein, british pravasiyon key pahale bede ney australia mein ack upanivesh sthaapit kiya. 1800 key dashak mein europeeya logon key aagaman ney itali, grees, polland, malta, roose aur france key logon koo australia key taton parr dekhaa. jahaaj parr chadhane parr, yeh ummeed kii jaati haye kii europeeya apravasiyon ney jahaajon parr sankraamak rogon koo leey jaaya hoga, aur jahaajon kii prakriti koo dekhate hue, koee bhee bimari yaatriyon key beach jaldi fail gaee hogi. maark steinforth kii reports seey pataa chalata haye kii bacteria aur virus key kaee roopon ney australia kii yatra karane vaale una europeeya pravasiyon key beach uchch star kii bimari aur jahaaj parr mauton kaa kaaran baney.
jahaaj parr apravasi rugnata kaa nidan (1837-39).
australia pahunchane seey pahale europeeya pravasiyon key beach failane vaale inn viruses aur sankramanon key kaaran, aagaman parr, adhikansh apravasi aswasth they. europeeya basane vaalon key aapravaasan ney australia mein aise bacteria aur viruses koo pesh kiya.
1789: chechak
1850: europeeya dwara australia mein khasra kii soochana dee gaee.
1900: europeeya pravasiyon key beach bubonic plaig kii sthaapana hui
1982: ack europeeya vyakti mein aich. aaee. vee. kaa pataa chalaa.
cheeni.
1861 kii aupaniveshik janganana key anusaar, australiyai aabaadi kaa 3.4% cheeni mool key loga they, joe 1842 key baad australia mein lagbhag 38,258 cheeni logon key barabar thaa jaba cheeni pahali baar australia mein buss gaye they. kuchh loga chean mein nagrik vikaar seey bachane kii ummeed mein australia pahunche, halanki adhikansh cheeni soney kii bheed key baare mein sunane key baad australia chaley gaye.
australia mein ausat jeevan pratyasha 81.7 varsh haye, jabaki chean mein janme vyaktiyon kii ausat 74.7 varsh haye. queensland swaasthya bahusaanskritik sevaaon seey pataa chalata haye kii australia mein chean mein janme vyaktiyon kii mrityu key pramukh kaaran ischemic hriday roga, cancer aur cerebrovascular roga hain. aise cancer jinaki pehchaan kii gaee haye, unamen nasopyrinx, fefde, aant, malashay, pett aur yakrit kaa cancer shamil hain, joe sabhi cheeni pravasiyon mein pramukh hain.
afghan.
1860 key dashak seey, "afghan" aae hue loga, joe mukhya roop seey afghanistan seey aae they, lekin british bhaarat aur anya deshon seey bhee aae they, australia mein buss gaye, aur australia koo kholane mein madad karane key liye kaam sthaapit kiya. 
afghanistan key loga joe haal hii mein australia chaley gaye hain, unhein swaasthya sevaaon taka pahunchate samay kaee nuksaanon kaa saamana karna padata haye. nuksaanon mein bhasha kii baadhaaen, australiyai swaasthya sevaaon mein anuvaadakon kii kamee, aur kuchh australiyai swaasthya sevaaon aur islami maanyataon key saath prakriyaon kii asangatata shamil hain. pravasiyon koo algaav aur apane honey kii kamee kaa anubhav hoe sakata haye kyonki unhein aisee sthiti mein daal diyaa jaataa haye jisase way baaki australia kii tulanaa mein bahishkrit mahsoos karate hain. haalaanki raani kii swaasthya bahusaanskritik sevaaon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii afghan pravaasi swaasthya sevaaon kaa upayog australia mein janme vyaktiyon key samaan hii karate hain.
bachche.
melburn mein shaahi bachchon key aspatal ney ack adhyayan kiya haye joe australia mein pravaas karane vaale bachchon mein nimnalikhit kii pehchaan kartaa haye.
sangrodh aur swaasthya aavashyaktaaen.
praarambhik varsh.
1830 key dashak mein, sidney key tata parr naav seey aaney vaale pravasiyon key sankraamak rogon seey grast honey kaa sandeh thaa. iss avadhi key dauran, australia mein aaney vaale europeeya jahaajon parr influenzae, typhoid, scarlett bukhaar aur bhaari khansi sabhi paae gaye. aisee beemariyon koo rokane key liye, jahaajon koo uttar pramukh sangrodh station parr roque diyaa gayaa thaa, jahaan pradhikaran yaatriyon aur chaalak dall koo sangrodh mein rakh dega. australiyai sarkaar (2015) koo sandeh haye kii pratyek yatri ney australia mein riha honey seey pahale ausatan 40 dinn sangrodh mein bitaaye honge. uttar sheersh key bheetar pratyek anubhav alag-alag thaa aur varg parr nirbhar thaa. kuchh apravasiyon koo aage kii bimari, shaktiheenta aur kuchh mamalon mein mrityu kaa saamana karna padaa. shuruat mein, uttar pramukh sangrodh station ney una pravasiyon key liye tambu pradaan kiye joe australia aae they. haalaanki, 1837 mein, joe loga swasth dikhaai diye, way they jinhen tambu mein rahane kii anumati dee gaee thee, jabaki joe beemar they, unhein jahaaj parr rahane kii aavashyakta thee. australiyai sarkaar kaa sujhaav haye kii 1837 key varsh mein 295 swasth pravasiyon koo tata parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, jabaki joe sankraamak they yaa anyatha they unhein jahaaj parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. uttar pramukh sangrodh station kii suvidhaaen badhati raheen. haalaanki, 1860 aur 1870 key beach, sangrodh station ney sabse kharaab modd leey liya jaba vishva arthavyavastha mein aapravaasan key saath-saath girawat aaee. parinamswarup, uttar pramukh sangrodh station key aparyaapt rakharkhaav key kaaran chechak kaa prakop huaa. yeh kewal 1909 mein thaa, jaba rashtramandal sarkaar ney uttar pramukh sangrodh koo apane haath mein leey liya, kii station ney adhikatam 1200 logon kii sankhya praapt kii.
sarkari swaasthya aavashyaktaaen.
australia key swaasthya aur suraksha koo sunishchit karane key liye, sarkaar koo australia mein pravesh karane seey pahale sabhi pravasiyon kii jaanch karni aavashyak haye. joe loga sthaayi yaa asthaayi veeja chaahte hain, way iss aavedan kaa hissa hain. sabhi ummidvaaron kii tapedik, aich. aaee. vee. aur hepatitis, peet jwar, poliyo aur ibola virus roga (ee. vee. dee.) key liye jaanch kii jaati haye. australia mein pravesh kii anumati dene key liye, aapako inn sabhi beemariyon seey mukt honah chaahiye aur australiyai samudaayon key liye koee khatra naheen maanaa jaanaa chaahiye.
australiyai swaasthya sevaayen.
vartamaan swaasthya dekhbhal pranali.
australia mein chikitsa pranali ack saarvajanik roop seey vitt poshit pranali haye jise una videshi mool key aapravasiyon sahit sabhi australiyai logon key liye bhaari subsidy vaali laagat pradaan karane key liye design kiya gayaa haye, jinake paas yaa tou nagrikta haye, ack kaaryasheel veeja, ack sthaayi veeja, yaa ack australiyai nagrik seey vivaahit haye.
pravasiyon key liye swaasthya dekhbhal kii kathinaaiyaan.
australia mein pravaas karane vaalon key liye swaasthya seva key raaste mein kaee nuksan hain. australiyai sarkaar pravasiyon key liye achchi tarah seey samarthit swaasthya seva pradaan karati haye, halanki, joe apravasi australia mein aatey hain, way sanskriti aur sanchaar baadhaon key saath-saath swaasthya sevaaon kii laagat aur unake adhikaaron koo jaanane key liye gyaan kii kamee seey prabhaavit hotey hain.
saanskritik baadhaaen.
pravasiyon dwara mahsoos kii jaane vaali saanskritik baadhaon mein australiyai logon kii swaasthya key prati dhaaranaon key saath-saath beemar honey parr unakaa vyavhaar bhee shamil haye. iss tarah key antar kissy kii saanskritik viraasat seey nirdhaarit hotey hain. yeh bhee pramukh haye kii kuchh apravasi iss baat seey chintit hain kii doctor unaki vishisht saanskritik jarooraton koo naheen pahachaanenge yaa naheen samajhenge. aise udaharanon mein madhya poorv kii mahilaaon kii aavashyaktaaen shamil hain. aisee mahilaaen purush doctors dwara unaki jaanch karane seey darti hain. aeye. bee. see. (2003) ney kahaa kii "vibhinn saanskritik samoohon kii vishisht apekshaaen hoti hain. udaaharan key liye, yeh maanate hue kii yeh pradushankari haye, jehovah key gawah anuyaayi rakt aadhaan karane seey incar curr denge."
sanchaar baadhaaen.
gair-angreji bolane vaali prishthabhoomi seey australia aaney vaale pravasiyon key liye, sanchaar baadhaaen kissy key swaasthya anubhav koo prabhaavit curr sakati hain, chaahe vaha nakaratmak hoe yaa sakaratmak. aeye. bee. see. (2003) ney kahaa kii gair-angreji bolane vaale apravasi swaasthya sevaaon key saath sanchaar kii aavashyakta seey bachane key liye tanaavpurna sthiti mein 'haan' kaha sakate hain. iska vyakti parr bahut prabhaav parh sakata haye kyonki unhein parinamswarup aavashyak sahaayata naheen mill sakati haye, yaa way swaasthya sevaaon seey sampark naheen karna chaahenge kyonki way sanchaar baadhaon seey savdhan hain aur maanate hain kii sthiti seey bachana aasaan haye. isake parinamswarup dhyaan kii kamee key parinamswarup vyakti kaa swaasthya bigad sakata haye.
swaasthya dekhbhal kii laagat.
jaba apravasi australia mein aatey hain, tou yeh spasht haye kii dhana kii kamee aur swaasthya seva pranali kii samajh key kaaran apravasi sevaaon seey butch sakate hain. isaliye, pravasiyon key liye yeh mahatvapurna haye, aagaman parr, muft swaasthya seva key sambandh mein unake adhikaaron kaa ullekh kiya jaataa haye. way apravasi jinake paas chikitsa seva taka pahunch haih
rogi key adhikaar.
yeh pahachaana gayaa haye kii gair-angreji bolane vaali prishthabhoomi key apravasi cumm sashakt mahsoos karate hain, jisake parinamswarup rogi udaseen hoe jaate hain. gair-angreji bolane vaale apravasi sawal naheen poochate hain. natijatan, kaee vyaktiyon koo phir seey sevaaon mein jaane seey hatotsaahit kiya jaataa haye, jisase australia mein nae pravasiyon kaa swaasthya bigad sakata haye.
yadi australia mein nae aaney vaale apane adhikaaron key baare mein jaanate hain tou inn karakon koo cumm kiya jaa sakata haye. sabhi rogiyon koo adhikaar haih
2007 aur 2008 key beach, aayog dwara swaasthya seva adhikaaron kaa ack australiyai charter sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh charter swaasthya seva kii maang karane vaalon key adhikaaron kii ack spasht ruprekha pradaan kartaa haye, aur rogiyon, upbhoktaon, parivaaron, dekhbhal karane vaalon aur seva pradaataon koo nirdeshit kartaa haye. iss charter koo australia mein sabhi swaasthya settings mein lagu kiya jaa sakata haye. inmein saarvajanik aspatal shamil hain. samanya prathaaen aur anya vatavaran.
neeche swaasthya seva adhikaaron kaa australiyai charter dekhein.
swaasthya adhyayan.
australia mein purushon aur mahilaaon key mansik swaasthya kii tulanaa karate hue ack adhyayan kiya gayaa haye, jisamen australiyai mool key aur videshi mool key beach antar kii pehchaan kii gaee haye.
vyaktiyon. nimnalikhit parinamon koo praapt karane key liye, mansik swaasthya, vartamaan avasaad, chikitsa seva key upayog aur dawa key upayog kaa nidan kiya gayaa haye.
vyaktiyon key teen samoohah
adhyayan ney saabit kiya haye kii videsh mein janme aur australiyai donon logon key janm samooh samaan darr seey mansik swaasthya sevaaon taka pahunchate hain. haalaanki, gair-angreji bolane vaale videshi paida hue
purushon ney mansik swaasthya muddon key badhate jokhim kaa pradarshan kiya haye aur australiyai purushon kii tulanaa mein cumm swaasthya sevaaon taka pahunch praapt kii haye. inn parinamon seey pataa chalata haye kii sarkaar aur swaasthya sevaaon koo gair-angreji bolane vaale videshi purushon key beach inn vishesh swaasthya muddon key baare mein jagrook karane kii aavashyakta haye, vishesh roop seey una purushon key beach joe avivaahit, berojgar aur akele rahate hain. iss adhyayan key nishkarsh mansik swaasthya key muddon koo rokane key liye samajik samarthan key mahatva kii pehchaan karate hain.
aniyamit pravasiyon kaa swaasthya.
jabaki adhikansh apravasi aur sharanarthi niyamit roop seey australia kii yatra karate hain, aise anya loga bhee hain joe aniyamit roop seey australia kii yatra karate hain. joe loga aniyamit madhyam seey australia mein sharan lete hain, way naav seey yatra karate hain, jinamen seey adhikansh koo australiyai seema parr gasht karane vaali shaahi australiyai nausena dwara rokaa jaataa haye. vahaan seey, shaahi australiyai nausena sharanarthiyon koo hirasat key liye australiyai reeti-rivaajon parr leey jaati haye. aniyamit sadhanon key madhyam seey australia mein pravesh karane seey judey kaee jokhim hain aur yatra kii sthitiyon koo dekhate hue, jahaaj parr vyaktiyon kaa bigadana prachalit haye.
aniyamit apravasi aam taur parr apane jeevan key liye bhaag rahey hotey hain, isaliye unake aagaman koo sansaadhit karane vaalon key liye ack sateek chikitsa itihas kaa pataa lagaana mushkil hotaa haye. yeye sharanarthi aksar kuposhan, sankraman (joe aksar shwasan yaa aanton mein hotaa haye) key saath upasthit hotey hain.) aich. aaee. vee., tapedik aur hepatitis aeye aur bee bhee aam hain, jaisa kii dunt sambandhi samasyaaen hain.
australia mein sharan chahane vaalon mein seey 20 pratishat seey adhik koo australia pahunchane seey pahale yaatana kaa saamana karna padaa haye. isaliye, nirodh shiviron mein manochikitsa kii sthitiyaan prachalit hain. samajik samarthan, berojgari aur bhedbhaav kii kamee key kaaran suvidhaon key bheetar chinta aur tanaav parr jore diyaa gayaa haye. bandiyon dwara mahsoos kiye gaye iss manovaigyaanik tanaav koo nirodh shiviron key seemit vatavaran seey badhaaya jaa sakata haye. purushon aur mahilaaon mein, bachchon koo bhee lambe samay taka manovaigyaanik sthitiyon seey peedit honey kii soochana millie haye. jabaki pravasiyon parr manovaigyaanik prabhaav hotey hain, aise loga bhee hotey hain joe austiomyelitis yaa mirgi jaisi shaaririk sthitiyon seey prabhaavit hotey hain.
lambe samay taka hirasat mein rakhane seey nirash bachchon mein tyag syndrome key vikas key saath-saath manovikriti bhee hui haye. aatmahatya kaa vichaar vyaapak haye.
vivaad.
teekaakaran.
yeh kahaa gayaa haye kii una logon koo teekaakaran naheen diyaa jaayega joe vyaktigat yaa logon key mool desh key samooh aur vibhinn teekaakaran anusoochiyon key kaaran sharanarthiyon yaa sharan chahane vaalon key roop mein australia mein aatey hain. haalaanki, yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii sharanarthiyon aur sharan chahane vaalon koo australiyai rashtriya teekaakaran karyakram anusuchi key anusaar teeka lagaaya jaanaa chaahiye; jaba taka kii poorv teekaakaran kaa dastavej pradaan naheen kiya jaataa haye, taba taka teekaakaran kii aavashyakta hoti haye. iss sambandh mein, yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii pravaasi bhaartiyon key liye saathi australiyai logon key swaasthya aur suraksha sunishchit karane key liye teekaakaran aavashyak haye. phir bhee, pratyek apravasi aur australiyai nagrik koo apani saanskritik maanyataon koo banaae rakhane key liye samaan avsar dene key liye ack pratispardhi siddhant haye. iss sambandh mein, kuchh logon ney inn sharanarthiyon aur sharan chahane vaalon seey unake swaasthya key sambandh mein unaki saanskritik maanyataon aur samajh koo chheenane key australiyai sarkaar key adhikaar parr sawal uthaaya haye.
lambe samay taka swaasthya sambandhi samasyaaen.
1992 mein, sharanarthiyon aur sharan chahane vaalon key liye australia mein aniyamit roop seey pravesh karane key liye anivarya hirasat shuru kii gaee thee. haalaanki, anivarya hirasat kii shuruat ney bahas koo janm diyaa haye. australia kii seemaon kii raksha karane aur australia kii aapravaasan pranali kii akhandata kaa mahatva iss neeti kaa praarambhik kaaran thaa, jabaki joe loga neeti aur australiyai sarkaar key nirnay parr sawal uthaate hain, way tark dete hain kii kyaa yeh donon pakshon (sharanarthiyon aur australiyai nagrikon) key liye achchha haye, yeh kahate hue kii yeh amanviya aur aprabhaavi haye kyonki yeh sharanarthiyon aur sharan chahane vaalon key liye aage key swaasthya muddon kaa kaaran saabit hotaa haye.
videsh mamalon key vibhaag key poorv sachiv phillip flood ney anivarya hirasat kii jaanch kii. baadh key kaaran aatm-haani, mansik samasyaon aur bachchon key yaun, maukhik aur shaaririk shoshan kii kaee paristhitiyaan pralekhit kii gaeen. antim report sharanarthiyon aur sharan chahane vaalon kii sthiti key sambandh mein chintaon kii pehchaan karati haye aur vyakt karati haye, saath hii vibhaag key deerghakaalik hirasat key prabandhan aur chhote bachchon parr isake prabhaav key baare mein bhee bataati haye.
anivarya nirodh key khilaf yeh bahas nakaratmak aur lambe samay taka swaasthya muddon kii pehchaan karati haye joe lambe samay taka nirodh seey utpann hoe sakate hain. yeh sifarish kii gaee haye kii ack baar sharan chahane vaalon aur sharanarthiyon koo praarambhik jaanch seey mukt curr diyaa jaae, jaise kii pehchaan aur swaasthya, kii unhein phir samudayik hirasat mein yaa phir riha curr diyaa jaae.
unake sharanarthi kii sthiti nirdhaarit honey kii prateeksha karate hue ack bridging veeja pradaan kiya gayaa. haalaanki, aage key adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii aise aniyamit pravasiyon koo anivarya hirasat mein rakhna australiyai samudaay kii raksha kartaa haye, jabaki sharanarthiyon aur sharan chahane vaalon kii vaidhata kaa aaklan kiya jaa rhaa haye.
aapravaasan nirodh suvidhaon mein bull kaa upayog.
aapravaasan nirodh kendron key bheetar una adhikrit adhikaariyon koo sharan chahane vaalon aur sharanarthiyon key khilaf bull prayog karane kii shakti dee jaati haye. yeh 2015 key vidheyak mein aapravaasan suvidhaon kii achchi vyavastha banaae rakhane key liye kahaa gayaa haye. australiyai manvadhikar aayog vishesh nirodh suvidhaon key vatavaran koo maanyata detaa haye aur vishisht paristhitiyon mein bull aavashyak hoe sakata haye. haalaanki, aayog kaa tark haye kii vidheyak mein kamee haye kyonkih
yeh spasht haye kii kuchh paristhitiyon mein bull kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye, lekin bull kaa upayog uchit honah chaahiye aur apravasi key antarnihit adhikaar kaa sammaan karna chaahiye. hirasat mein liye gaye apravasiyon key adhikaaron kaa durupyog karane vaale 'adhikrit adhikaariyon' key sambandh mein chintaaen utpann hui hain aur isaliye australiyai manvadhikar aayog dwara sanshodhit aur punah shabdabaddh kiye jaane vaale vidheyak kii sifarish koo majboot karane seey yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakega kii aapravaasan suvidhaon mein upayog kiye jaane vaale bull kaa upayog prabandhit kiya jaae aur uchit tareeke seey kaary kiya jaae.

