aaya key aankade

aaya key aankade (aiss. oh. aaee.) sanyukt raajya america mein aantarik rajaswa seva (aaee. aar. aiss.) kaa ack karyakram aur sambaddh vibhajan haye joe aaykar vivarani aur soochana vivarani seey ekatra kiye gaye aankadon koo anya sarkari agencies aur aam janata key liye upalabdh karaata haye. yeh 1916 key rajaswa adhiniyam dwara anivarya aaee. aar. aiss. kaary koo puuraa kartaa haye.
bajat.
2017 taka, soi kaa vaarshik bajat 4 karod dollar haye.
sanrachana.
soi irs kaa ack vibhajan haye jisaki chaar shaakhaaen hain, joe kramshah iss parr dhyaan kendrit karati hainh
pratyek shakha mein chaar khand hotey hain. teen vishay-vishisht shaakhaon mein seey pratyek mein dou khand hain jinamen arthashastri hain, ack mein computer visheshagya aur ack mein shodhkarta yaa soochana prasaar visheshagya hain.
soi key paas ack saankhyikiya soochana seva (aiss. aaee. aiss.) haye, jisaki sthaapana 1989 mein hui thee, jiska upayog soi utpaadon key baare mein baahari upayogkartaon key prashnon kaa samadhan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
dusaron kaa upayog karein.
praathamik graahak.
soi key praathamik graahak, joe donon vistrit curr vivarani praapt karane key hakdar hain, way hainh
anya sanghiya sarkaar key graahak.
sanghiya sarkaar key bheetar anya agencies joe soi karyakram kii graahak hain, unamen shamil hainh
anya.
irs soi karyakram seey detta irs curr aankadon key homepage parr saarvajanik roop seey upalabdh karaaya jaataa haye, aur aitihaasik roop seey irs print prakashanon key roop mein bhee upalabdh rhaa haye. aaee. aar. aiss. kaa kahana haye kii aankadon kaa upayog curr vyavsaayiyon, neeti shodhkartaon, jansankhyikividon, aarthik vishleshakon, salaahkaaron, vyaavsaayik sanghon, raajya aur sthaaniya sarkaaron, vishvavidyalayon, saarvajanik pustakalayon aur media dwara kiya jaataa haye.
udaaharan key liye, 1945 seey sheersh curr daron key vishleshan mein, congress kii anusandhaan seva dwara soi detta kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye.
soee detta koo curr neeti kendra, raind nigam aur cato sansthaan jaise vicharakon key prakashanon mein uddhrit kiya gayaa haye.
newyork times", "dha wall street journal" aur "forbes" jaise prakashanon dwara bhee soi detta kaa hawala diyaa gayaa haye.
itihas.
vidhaayi janadesh (1913,1916).
1913 key rajaswa adhiniyam ney sanghiya aaykar koo phir seey pesh kiya, jisase sanyukt raajya sanghiya sarkaar koo vyaktiyon aur vyavsaayon key liye aaya detta taka pahunch millie. 1916 key rajaswa adhiniyam ney curr sanhita mein kuchh adyatan kiye, aur dakhil kiye gaye curr vivarani key aadhar parr aaya key aankadon key prakaashan koo bhee anivarya curr diyaa.
edward white (1918-1946) key tahat praarambhik kaary.
sangathan kaa netritva shuru mein dow. edward white, joe 1918 mein soi karyakram key pramukh key roop mein shamil hue.
safed rung key tahat pahale prakaashan kii tithiyaan iss prakaar hainh
1928 key aspas, safed ney binaa vidyut vaale compometer seey suee koo punch card aur machine saaraneekaran mein leey liya. unhone vyaktigat aaykar vivaraniyon key namoone lene kii bhee shuruat kii, aur baad mein stareekrit vyavasthit namoone lene kii or badhe.
1916 seey 1937 taka key abhilekhagar fraser key madhyam seey upalabdh hain.
james turner (1946-1949).
turner kaa irs key nideshak key roop mein padonnat honey seey pahale ack sankshipt karyakal thaa.
brice bratt (1949-1953).
bratt ney corporate curr vivarani key liye namoone kaa vistaar kiya, jisase 41.5% (687,000 mein seey 285,000) kii namuna darr praapt hui. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad key prabhaavon key kaaran unhein saankhyikiya reporting key ack backlog kaa saamana karna padaa.
ernest inquist (1953-1964).
janchkarta ney soy karmchaariyon koo doguna curr diyaa aur janganana beuro key saath ack remington raind vishvavidyalaya kii aadhi laagat kaa vitt poshan bhee kiya. yeh aaee. aar. aiss. dwara kharida gayaa pahala computer thaa. unhone soy karmchaariyon koo doguna curr diyaa aur kshetra mein hastchaalit saankhyikiya prasanskaran (computer key upayog key madhyam seey saheje gaye sansadhanon key saath) koo phir seey niyukt kiya. isane soi koo apana pahala gunavatta niyantran karyakram vikasit karane aur poonji laabh aur corporate videshi curr credit jaise vishesh vishayon parr dhyaan kendrit karane kii anumati dee.
vito natrella (1964-1980).
poorv pratibhooti aur vinimay aayog saankhyikeevid, natrela ney computer kaa upayog badhaaya, purnank bhaar (reporting mein adhik sthirata aur aasaan detta sameeksha key liye) kaa upayog karane key liye badal diyaa. unake netritva mein, soi ney avakshayan parr ack baar kaa adhyayan (1960 mein 1966 mein) prakaashit kiya, sampatti curr vivarani (1962 mein 1967 mein) key aadhar parr vyaktigat sampatti key pahale soi anuman shuru kiye, aur iss tarah key anya "pahale" adhyayan kiye.
fritz skieren (1980-1993).
scurin key netritva mein, soi ney aaya key aankadon koo behtar dhang seey prasaarit karane key liye kaee print prakashanon kii sthaapana kii, jisamen "aaya bulletin key aankade" (pahali baar 1981 mein prakaashit) aur soi paddhatigat report shrinkhala (1982 seey shuru) shamil hain.
skieren ney curr-mukt sangathanon parr vaarshik karyakram bhee shuru kiya (form 990 filing jaise aankadon key aadhar parr). unhone karmchari laabh yojanaon (1982 mein 1977 key liye) parr pahala soi aankada prakaashit kiya, aur 1985 mein antarrashtriya aaya aur karon (1979-1983) aur saajhedaari (1978-1982) parr pahala sangrah prakaashit kiya.
1989 mein, soi ney phone, walk-inn aur soi utpaadon key baare mein likhit anurodhon kaa jawab dene key liye saankhyikiya soochana sevaaon (aiss. aaee. aiss.) kii sthaapana kii. 1992 mein, soi ney electronic bulletin key madhyam seey detta kaa prasaar karna shuru kiya.
karyalaya mein rahate hue, skieren ack reegan prashaasan yojana kii aalochana curr rahey they, jisake liye irs aur janganana beuro koo anya sarkari agencies key saath ekatra kiye gaye detta koo saajha karane kii aavashyakta hogi.
danne scaley (1993-2001).
scaley ney soy kaa vistaar kiya, vaarshik adhyayanon kii sankhya koo badhaakar 60 curr diyaa, aur saankhyiki kii gunavatta mein sudhaar key liye adhik varishth pratibhaon kii bharti kii. unake netritva mein hii soi ney apani internet upasthiti shuru kii.
tomm petska (2001-2009).
petska key tahat, soi karyakram ney apani reports kii sankhya koo 130 ardhvaarshik reports taka badhaa diyaa, aur american accounting association, american economic association, american statistical association aur national taxes association key sammelanon mein prastut karke drishyata mein bhee sudhaar kiya. way 2009 mein sevaanivritt hue.

