
ojibwe

ojibwe, ojibwa, chippeva, yaa soltox vartamaan mein dakshini kanada, uttari madhya paschimi sanyukt raajya america aur uttari maidanon mein ack anishinabe loga hain. way upa-archtic aur poorvottar vanbhoomi key swadeshi loga hain.
yuu key anusaar.aiss. janganana, ojibwe loga sanyukt raajya america mein mool americi logon mein sabse badee adiwasi aabaadi mein seey ack hain. kanada mein, way dusare sabse badey pratham rashtra kii aabaadi hain, jinhen kewal cree ney peechhe chhod diyaa haye. way riyo grand key uttar mein sabse adhik sankhya mein swadeshi logon mein seey ack hain. ojibwe kii aabaadi lagbhag 320,000 haye, jisamen 170,742 loga sanyukt raajya mein rahate hain, aur lagbhag 160,000 loga kanada mein rahate hain. sanyukt raajya america mein, 77,940 mukhya line ojibwe hain; 76,760 soltox; aur 8,770 misisauga, 125 baind mein aayojit hain. kanada mein, way paschimi quebeck seey laker purvi british kolambiya taka rahate hain.
ojibwe bhasha anishinabemovin haye, joe algonkvi bhasha parivaar kii ack shakha haye.
way teen aagon (jisamen odawa aur potavatomi bhee shamil hain) aur badey anishinabeg key parishad kaa hissa hain, jinamen algonquin, nipising aur oji-cree loga bhee shamil hain. aitihaasik roop seey, soltox shakha key madhyam seey, way cree, asiniboin aur mattis key saath lohe key sangh kaa ack hissa they.
ojibwe apane berchbark canoe, berchbark scroll, khanan aur tambe key vyaapaar key saath-saath jangli chawal aur maple sirap kii kataai key liye jaane jaate hain. unake madhya-winn samaaj koo ghatnaaon, maukhik itihas, geeton, maanchitron, yaadon, kahaaniyon, jyaamiti aur ganit key vistrit aur jatil scroll key rakhwale key roop mein achchi tarah seey sammaanit kiya jaataa haye.
europeeya shaktiyon, kanada aur sanyukt raajya america ney ojibwe bhoomi kaa upanivesh kiya haye. ojibwe ney muaavaje, bhoomi bhandar aur paaramparik adhikaaron kii guaranti key badale mein niptan key liye bhoomi koo aatmasamarpan karane key liye basane vaale netaaon key saath sandhiyon parr hastakshar kiye. kaee europeeya basane vaale ojibwe paitrik bhoomi mein chaley gaye.
vyutpatti.
iss anishinabe samooh kaa upnaam "ojibwe" (bahuvachanah "ozibweg") haye. iss shabd mein dou bhinnataaen hain, ack french aur doosara angreji, ojibwa banaam chippiva. halanki saahitya mein kaee bhinnataaen maujood hain, "chippeva" sanyukt raajya america mein adhik aam haye, aur "ojibwe" kanada mein pramukh haye, lekin donon shabdon kaa upayog pratyek desh mein kiya jaataa haye. poore kanada aur yuu mein kaee ojibwe samudaayon mein.aiss. 20veen shatabdi key anta seey, adhik sadasya saamaanyikrit naam "anishinabe (-jee)" kaa upayog curr rahey hain.
ojibwe" naam kaa arth gyaat naheen haye; naam kii vyutpattiyon key liye sabse aam spashteekaran hainh
kyonki kaee ojibwe pahale superior jheel key nikas key aspas sthit they, jise francisi upaniveshvaadi salt stee kahate they. apane tej gati key liye, praarambhik kanadai basane vaalon ney ojibwe koo "soulters" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya. ojibwe joe baad mein kanada key prayeri praanton mein chaley gaye, unhone soltox naam koo barkarar rakhaa haye. yeh vivaadit haye kyonki kuchh vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii kewal naam paschim mein sthanantarit huaa thaa. ojibwe joe mool roop seey misisagi nadee key kinare sthit they aur dakshini ontario mein apana raasta banaaya thaa, unhein mississaugas key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
bhasha.
ojibwe bhasha koo "anishinabemovin" yaa "ozibwemovin" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur abhee bhee vyaapak roop seey bolly jaati haye, halanki dharapravah bolane vaalon kii sankhya mein teji seey girawat aaee haye. aaj, bhasha key dharapravah bolane vaale adhikansh bujurg hain. 21veen sadee kii shuruat seey, bhasha koo punarjeevit karane aur ojibwe sanskriti key kendriya hisse key roop mein isaki taakat koo bahaal karane key liye ack badhata andolan haye. yeh bhasha algonkvi bhashai samooh seey sambandhit haye aur proto-algonquian seey utari haye. isaki sahayogi bhaashaon mein uttari maidani janjaatiyon key beach blackfoot, cheyen, cree, lomdi, menomini, potavatomi aur shaani shamil hain. "anishinabemovin" koo aksar "kendriya algonquine" bhasha key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye; kendriya algonquine ack bhashai aanuvanshik bhasha key bajaay ack kshetra samooh haye.
"ozibwemovin" uttar america mein navajo, cree aur inuctitut key baad chauthi sabse adhik bolly jaane vaali mool bhasha haye. francisi key saath kaee dashakon key farr vyaapaar ney iss bhasha koo mahaan jheelon aur uttari mahaan maidanon kii pramukh vyaapaar bhaashaon mein seey ack key roop mein sthaapit kiya.
1855 mein heinry wadsworth longfello dwara likhit mahakavya "dha song off hiyawatha" kii lokpriyata ney ojibwe sanskriti koo prachaarit kiya. mahakavya mein kaee toponium hain joe ojibwe shabdon seey utpann hotey hain.
itihas.
poorv-sampark aur aadhyatmik vishvaas.
ojibwe maukhik itihas key anusaar aur berch chhaal scroll mein recording seey, ojibwe kii utpatti atlantic tata parr sent laurence nadee key muhaane seey hui thee joe abb quebeck haye. way hajaaron varshon taka mahadweep mein vyaapak roop seey vyaapaar karate rahey kyonki way pravaas karate rahey, aur uttar, paschim seey poorv aur phir america mein dakshin kii or jaane key liye dongi maargon key baare mein jaanate they. europeeya logon key sampark mein aaney key baad ojibwe kii pehchaan ack sanskriti yaa logon key roop mein hui hogi. europeeya logon ney samoohon key saath vyavhaar karna pasand kiya, aur una logon kii pehchaan karane kii koshish kii jinka way saamana curr rahey they.
ojibwe maukhik itihas key anusaar, saat mahaan "miggy" (kauri gole) unhein "wabanaking" (subah kii bhoomi, i.ee.purvi bhoomi) unhein jeevan kaa "mite" tarika sikhaane key liye. miggy" mein seey ack aadhyatmik roop seey bahut shaktishali thaa aur jaba way "wabanaking" mein they tou logon koo maar daala. chhah anya sikhaane key liye baney rahey, jabaki ack samudra mein laut aaya. poorv mein logon key liye chhah sthaapit "dudem" (kull), jaanvaron dwara prateek. paanch mool anishinabe "dudem" "vavaazeesi" (bullhead), "basvenazi" (pratidhvani-nirmaata, i.ee., crain), "aana 'avenh" (pintel duck), "nook" (komal, i.ee., bhalu) aur "moozonsi" (chhota moos). chhah "miggy" phir samudra mein bhee laut aae. yadi saatvaan rahata, tou yeh thunderbird "dudem" kii sthaapana kartaa.
baad mein, inmein seey ack "miggy" ack bhavishyavani koo sambandhit karane key liye ack drishti mein dikhaai diyaa. isamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii aggar anishinabeg paschim kii or naheen badhega, tou way apane paaramparik tarikon koo jeevit naheen rakh paayenge kyonki kaee nae peele-chamadi vaale basane vaale joe jald hii poorv mein pahunchenge. unake pravaas maarg koo chhote kachhua dweepon kii ack shrinkhala dwara prateek kiya jaayega, jisaki pushti "miggis" gole (i.ee., kauri gole). apane "sahayogi bhaaiyon" seey ashvasana praapt karane key baad (i.ee., mee 'makmak) aur "pitaa" (i.ee.apani suraksha key liye antardeshiya kshetra mein jaane key liye, anishinabeg dheere-dheere sent laurence nadee key saath paschim mein uttaava nadee seey nipising jheel aur phir mahaan jheelon mein chaley gaye.
chhote kachhua dweepon mein seey pahala "mooniya" thaa, jahan "mooniang" (vartamaan montrial) vikasit huaa. doosara thaharaav sthaan" "maarg-gakabika" (avtal jharane, i.) key aspas thaa.ee.niyagra fauls). unake "teesare thaharaav sthaan" parr, vartamaan shahar detroit, mishigan key paas, anishinabeg chhah samoohon mein vibhajit thaa, jinamen seey ojibwe ack thaa.
pahala mahatvapurna nayaa ojibwe sanskriti-kendra "manidu minizing" (manitaulin dweep) parr unakaa "chautha thaharaav sthaan" thaa. unake pahale nae raajneetik-kendra koo unake vartamaan desh mein "bouting" (sault stee) mein unake "paanchven thaharaav sthaan" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa. mairi).
apane paschim kii or vistaar koo jaari rakhate hue, ojibwe jheel key uttari tata key baad "uttari shakha" mein vibhajit hoe gayaa, aur isake dakshin tata key saath "dakshini shakha".
jaise-jaise loga paschim kii or palayan karna jaari rakhate, "uttari shakha" ack "paschimi samooh" aur ack "dakshini samooh" mein vibhajit hoe jaati haye. dakshini shakha" aur "uttari shakha" kaa "dakshini samooh" aatma dweep () parr apane "chhathe thaharaav sthaan" parr ack saath aae joe kii uchchatar jheel key paschimi chhor parr sent luis nadee key muhaane mein sthit haye. (yeh taba seey vartamaan key duluth/behtar shaharon key roop mein vikasit kiya gayaa haye.) logon koo ack drishti mein "miggies" dwara "usa sthaan parr jaane key liye nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa jahan bhojan haye (i.ee., jangli chawal) paani parr."unaki doosari pramukh basti, jise unake" "saatven thaharaav sthaan" "key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, vartamaan laa point, wisconsin key paas, superior jheel key dakshini tata parr shaugawamikong (yaa" "jhagawamikong", "french," "checkmagen" ") mein thee.
uttari shakha" kaa "paschimi samooh" barish kii nadee, uttar kii laal nadee aur uttari mahaan maidanon key paar prashant uttar-paschim taka pahunchane taka pravaas kiya. paschim mein apane pravaas key saath, way kaee "miggy", yaa kauri gole key paar aae, jaisa kii bhavishyavani mein bataaya gayaa haye.
europeeya logon seey sampark karein.
ojibwe kaa pahala aitihaasik ullekh 1640 key francisi "jesuit sambandh" mein milata haye, joe missionary pujaariyon dwara france mein apane varishthon koo dee gaee ack report haye. francisi vyapariyon ("kurrers days bois" aur samudra yatra karane vaale) key saath apani dosti key madhyam seey, ojibwe ney bandooken hassil keen, europeeya vastuon kaa upayog karna shuru kiya, aur apane paaramparik dushmanon, paschim aur dakshin mein lakota aur lomdi parr haavi honey lagey. unhone seox koo oopari mississippi kshetra seey vartamaan key dakota key kshetra mein bhagaa diyaa, aur uttari wisconsin seey lomdi koo neeche laane key liye majboor kiya. baad vaale ney suraksha key liye sauk key saath gathbandhan kiya.
18veen shatabdi key anta taka, ojibwe ney laal nadee kshetra key adhikansh bhaag sahit lagbhag sabhi vartamaan mishigan, uttari wisconsin aur minnesota koo niyantrit kiya. unhone kanada kii or seey huron jheelon key poore uttari taton aur uttar dakota key kachhue pahaadon taka paschim kii or faile hue behtar taton koo bhee niyantrit kiya. baad key kshetra mein, francisi kanadai unhein ojibwe yaa "soltox" kahate they.
ojibwe anishinabe odawa aur potavatomi logon key saath ack deerghakaalik gathbandhan kaa hissa they, jinhen teen aagon kii parishad kahaa jaataa haye. way mukhya roop seey vartamaan newyork mein mahaan jheelon key dakshin-poorv mein sthit eroquois sangh key khilaf ladey, aur paschim mein seox. ojibwa ney 1662 mein superior jheel key paas apane kshetra mein eroquois kii pragati koo roque diyaa. phir unhone horon aur odawa jaisi anya janjaatiyon key saath gathbandhan kiya joe eroquois aakraman seey visthaapit hoe gaye they. unhone milkar eroquois key khilaf ack badey paimaane parr jawabi hamla kiya aur unhein mishigan aur dakshini ontario seey taba taka bhagaa diyaa jaba taka kii unhein upstate newyork mein apani mool matribhoomi mein vaapas bhaagne key liye majboor naheen kiya gayaa. usee samay eroquois parr francisi hamale kiye gaye they. yeh eroquois sangh key anta kii shuruat thee kyonki unhein rakshaatmak roop seey rakhaa gayaa thaa. ojibwe ney poorv kii or vistaar kiya, jheel huron aur georgia kii khaadi key purvi taton key saath bhoomi parr kabja curr liya.
1745 mein, unhone jheel key uchch kshetra mein dakota logon koo peechhe hataane key liye angrejon seey bandooken apanaain, unhein dakshin aur paschim kii or dhakel diyaa. 1680 key dashak mein ojibwa ney eroqui koo haraaya jinhone apane huron sahyogiyon aur vyaparik bhagidaron koo titar-bitar curr diyaa. iss jeet ney unhein ack "swarn yug" kii anumati dee jisamen unhone dakshini ontario mein nirvirodh shasson kiya.
aksar, ojibwe aur europeeya basane vaalon key beach samudayik bandhan sthaapit karane key liye "shaanti aur mitrata sandhiyon" key roop mein jaani jaane vaali sandhiyaan kii jaati theen. inn logon ney ojibwe aur basane vaalon key beach sahakaari sansaadhan-sajhakaran key liye aadhar sthaapit kiya. sanyukt raajya aur kanada ney baad kii sandhiyon koo bhoomi hastaantaran kii peshkash koo kshetriya laabhon kii peshkash key roop mein dekhaa. ojibwe bhoomi key upayog koo samajhane mein saanskritik matbhedon key kaaran bhoomi hastaantaran kii sharton koo usee tarah seey naheen samajhate they. yuu kii sarkaaren.aiss. aur kanada ney bhoomi koo ack aisee vastu maanaa jise swatantra roop seey kharida, swaamitva mein rakhaa aur becha jaa sakata thaa. ojibwe kaa maanana thaa kii "kshetra" kii samajh honey key bavjood yeh havaa, paani aur soorya key prakaash key saath poori tarah seey saajha sansaadhan thaa. sandhi parishadon key samay, way alag bhoomi bikri yaa bhoomi key ananya swaamitva kii kalpana naheen curr sakate they. natijatan, aaj kanada aur yuu donon mein.aiss.sandhi-adhikaaron aur sandhi kii vyakhyaon mein kanuni tark aksar sandhi key daayitvon kii kanuni samajh key liye sandhi kii sharton kii saanskritik samajh mein antar koo prakaash mein laate hain.
apane lambe vyaparik gathbandhan key kaaran, ojibwe ney saat saal key yuddh (jise francisi aur bhaaratiya yuddh bhee kahaa jaataa haye) mein mahaan britten aur usake upaniveshvadiyon key khilaf francisi key saath gathbandhan kiya. 1763 mein yuddh haarne key baad, france koo kanada aur mississippi nadee key poorv mein apani aupaniveshik bhoomi key daavon koo britten koo saunpane key liye majboor honah padaa. pontiac key yuddh key baad aur british aupaniveshik shasson key saath samaayojan karate hue, ojibwe ney 1812 key yuddh mein british balon key saath aur sanyukt raajya america key khilaf gathbandhan kiya. unhein ummeed thee kii ack british jeet unhein sanyukt raajya key basane vaalon key atikraman seey bachaa sakati haye.
yuddh key baad, sanyukt raajya sarkaar ney mississippi nadee key paschim mein minnesota key sabhi ojibwe koo jabaran hataane kii koshish kii. ojibwe ney virodh kiya aur hinsak takraav hue. retili jheel trasdi mein, sanghiya sarkaar dwara vaarshik bhugtan dene mein viphalata key kaaran kaee sou ojibwe kii mrityu hoe gaee. sarkaar ney mishigan key oopari praaydweep mein kevinav praaydweep mein aisaa karane kaa prayaas kiya. mukhya bhains key prayason aur yuu mein lokpriya raay key uday key madhyam seey.aiss. ojibwe hataane key khilaf, mississippi key poorv mein baind koo saunpe gaye kshetra mein aarakshan parr lautane kii anumati dee gaee thee. potavatomi hataane key hisse key roop mein kuchh parivaaron koo kansas mein hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.
british uttari america mein, saat saal key yuddh key baad 1763 kii shaahi ghoshana ney sandhi yaa khareed dwara bhoomi key hastaantaran koo niyantrit kiya. baad mein, france ney oopari kanada mein adhikansh bhoomi grate britten koo saunp dee. americi krantikari yuddh key baad grate britten aur sanyukt raajya america key beach hastaaksharit jey sandhi key saath bhee, navgathit sanyukt raajya ney sandhi koo poori tarah seey barkarar naheen rakhaa. choonki yeh abhee bhee france key saath yuddh seey bharaa huaa thaa, grate britten ney kanada mein apani bhoomi kii seema koo basaane key liye ohiyo, indiana, mishigan, ilinois aur wisconsin key kuchh hisson aur uttari minnesota aur uttari dakota mein sanyukt raajya koo adhikansh bhoomi saunp dee.
1807 mein, ojibwe teen anya janjaatiyon, odawa, potavatomi aur vyando logon key saath detroit kii sandhi parr hastakshar karane mein shamil hoe gaye. mishigan kshetra kaa pratinidhitva karane vaali janjaatiyon aur villium patwar key beach samjhaute ney sanyukt raajya koo aaj key dakshinpurvi mishigan kaa ack hissa aur maumi nadee key paas ohiyo kaa ack hissa diyaa. janjaatiyaan kshetra mein bhoomi key chhote-chhote hisson koo banaae rakhane mein saksham theen.
brull kii ladaai ojibwe indiance key laa pointe baind aur dakota indiance key ack yuddh dall key beach ack octuber 1842 kii ladaai thee. yeh ladaai brull nadee (bois brull) key saath hui joe aaj uttari wisconsin mein haye aur isake parinamswarup ojibwe key liye ack nirnaayak jeet hui.
kanada mein, britishon dwara ojibwe key saath kii gaee kaee bhoomi hastaantaran sandhiyon ney bhoomi bikri key baad shikaar, machhali pakadane aur praakritik sansadhanon koo ikattha karane key liye apane adhikaaron koo pradaan kiya. sarkaar ney uttar-paschimi ontario, manitoba, saskatchevan aur alberta mein sankhyaabaddh sandhiyon parr hastakshar kiye. british kolambiya ney 20veen shatabdi key anta taka sandhiyon parr hastakshar naheen kiye they, aur adhikansh kshetron mein abhee taka koee sandhiyaan naheen hain. sarkaar aur pratham rashtra bhoomi adhikaaron aur bastiyon key liye sandhi parr baatchit jaari rakhe hue hain. adalaton dwara sandhiyon kii lagaatar punah vyakhya kii jaa rahee haye kyonki unamen seey kaee aspasht hain aur aadhunik samay mein lagu karna mushkil haye. sankhyaabaddh sandhiyaan unake samay key liye hastaaksharit kuchh sabse vistrit sandhiyaan theen. ojibwe rashtra ney agenda nirdhaarit kiya aur kaee aur british basane vaalon koo ghaas key maidanon mein surakshit maarg kii anumati dene seey pahale pahali sankhya vaali sandhiyon parr baatchit kii.
ojibwe samudaayon kaa raajneetik aur samajik sakriyata kaa ack majboot itihas rhaa haye. sampark seey bahut pahale, way teen aag kii parishad mein odawa aur potavatomi logon key saath nikatata seey judey hue they. 1870 seey 1938 taka, ontario kii grand general indian council ney aupaniveshik kaanoon parr raajneetik prabhaav kaa prayog karane key liye kaee paaramparik models koo ack ekjut aavaaj mein milaane kaa prayaas kiya. paschim mein, 16 maidani cree aur ojibwe baindon ney 1910 mein sandhi 4 key vaadon koo banaae rakhane mein sarkaar kii viphalata key baare mein chintaon koo door karane key liye kwapel key sahayogi baind kaa gathan kiya.
sanskriti.
ojibwe ney paaramparik roop seey khud koo samoohon mein sangathit kiya haye jinhen "baind" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. adhikansh ojibwe, badey maidani samoohon koo chhodkar, aitihaasik roop seey ack basane vaali (khanabdosh key vipareet) jeevan shally jeete hain, makka aur squash kii kaee kismon kii kheti key poorak key liye machhali pakadane aur shikaar parr bharosa karate hain, aur bhojan key liye "manomine" (jangli chawal) kii kataai karate hain. aitihaasik roop seey unakaa vishisht nivaas "vigiwam" (vigwam) rhaa haye, jise yaa tou "vagigogan" (gumbad-lodge) key roop mein yaa "nasawa 'gaan" (nukili-lodge) key roop mein banaaya gayaa haye, joe berch kii chhaal, juniper kii chhaal aur vilo key paudhon seey banaa haye. samkaaleen yug mein, adhikansh loga aadhunik awas mein rahate hain, lekin paaramparik sanrachanaon kaa upayog abhee bhee vishesh sthalon aur karyakramon key liye kiya jaataa haye.
unake paas sachitra lekhan kaa ack saanskritik-vishisht roop haye, jiska upayog "midwivin" key dhaarmik sanskaron mein kiya jaataa haye aur berch chhaal scroll parr aur sambhavatah chattan parr darj kiya jaataa haye. pavitra scroll parr kaee jatil chitra bahut aitihaasik, jyaamitiya aur ganitiya gyaan kaa sanchaar karate hain. petroform, petroglyphe aur pictograph kaa upayog poore ojibwe paaramparik kshetron mein aam rhaa haye. petroform aur chikitsa pahiyon kaa upayog mahatvapurna aadhyatmik avadhaaranaon koo sikhaane, khagoliya ghatnaaon koo record karane aur kuchh kahaaniyon aur vishvaason key liye ack smriti upkaran key roop mein upayog karane key liye kiya gayaa haye. paaramparik logon key saath-saath soshal media parr yuvaaon key beach bhee script kaa upayog abhee bhee kiya jaa rhaa haye.
kuchh samarohon mein "miggis" kavach (kauri kavach) kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, joe praakritik roop seey door key tateey kshetron mein paaya jaataa haye. iss tarah key gole kaa upayog darshaata haye kii poore mahadweep mein ack vishal, lambe samay seey chalaa aaa rhaa vyaapaar network haye. poore mahadweep mein tambe kaa upayog aur vyaapaar bhee ack badey vyaparik network kaa pramaan rhaa haye joe hajaaron varshon seey hopewell parampara key roop mein huaa haye. bhaala aur teer key sir key liye upayog kii jaane vaali kuchh prakaar kii chattanon kaa bhee badee doori parr vyaapaar kiya gayaa haye.
garmiyon key maheenon key dauran, loga aadhyatmik key liye "jingotamog" aur anishinabe-akii (anishinabe desh) mein vibhinn aarakshanon mein ack samajik sabhaa (pavvo) key liye "nimi 'idima" mein bhaag lete hain. kaee loga abhee bhee jangli chawal kii kataai, jamun chunane, shikaar karane, davaaen banaane aur maple cheeni banaane key paaramparik tarikon kaa paalan karate hain.
ojibwe apane mritakon koo dafanaane key teelon mein dafna dete hain. kaee loga pratyek tealey parr ack "gbgamig" yaa ack "aatma-ghar" khadaa karate hain. ack aitihaasik dafan tealey mein aam taur parr ack lakadi kaa nishan hotaa haye, jiss parr mritak kaa "dudem" (kabile kaa chihn) ankit hotaa haye. inn dafanon kii vishisht visheshtaon key kaaran, ojibwe kabron koo aksar kabr luteron dwara luutaa gayaa haye. sanyukt raajya america mein, kaee ojibwe samudaay 1990 key mool americi kabr sanrakshan aur pratyaavartan adhiniyam key pravartan key madhyam seey apane dafan teelon kii raksha karate hain.
sanyukt raajya america mein kaee ojibwe baind mahaan jheelon bhaaratiya machhali aur vanyajeev aayog mein sahyog karate hain, joe jheel key behtar jheel vaale mishigan kshetron mein sandhi shikaar aur machhali pakadane key adhikaaron kaa prabandhan kartaa haye. aayog yuu key nirdeshon kaa paalan kartaa haye.aiss. kaee jangli kshetron koo chalaane key liye agencies. kuchh minnesota ojibwe adiwasi parishaden 1854 sandhi pradhikaran mein sahyog karati hain, joe teer kshetra mein unaki sandhi shikaar aur machhali pakadane key adhikaaron kaa prabandhan karati haye. mishigan mein, chippeva-uttaava sansaadhan pradhikaran shikaar, machhali pakadane aur sault stee key baare mein ekatra karane key adhikaaron kaa prabandhan kartaa haye. mairi, aur jheelon key paani key sansaadhan mishigan aur huron. kanada mein, sandhi kii bhavya parishad nam. 3 jangalon kii jheel key aspas key kshetra seey sambandhit shikaar aur machhali pakadane key adhikaaron kii sandhi 3 kaa prabandhan kartaa haye.
vyanjan.
ojibwe mein paushtik bhojan mein naee ruchi haye, joe khaadya registanon mein samudayik udyaanon kaa vistaar curr rahey hain, aur apane samudaayon koo paushtik bhojan kii taiyari key baare mein sikhaane key liye ack mobile rasoi shuru kii haye. paaramparik deshi americi aahar mausami roop seey shikaar, machhali pakadane aur upaj aur anaaj key chaare aur kheti parr nirbhar thaa. aadhunik aahar ney paaramparik roop seey taiyar kiye gaye inn bhojanon key sthaan parr kuchh anya prakaar key bhojan jaise kii frybrade aur "bhaaratiya tacos" koo pratisthaapit kiya haye. mool americi apani sanskriti seey judaav khone kaa prayaas phir seey judane kaa hissa hain
unaki khaadya paramparaon key anusaar "jangli chawal jaise paaramparik avayavon mein ruchi paida karna, joe kii minnesota kaa aadhikarik raajya anaaj haye aur ojibwe key poorv-aupaniveshik aahar kaa hissa thaa. ojibwe key anya mukhya khaadya padaarth machhali, maple cheeni, venison aur makai they. way same, squash, makai aur aaloo ugaate they aur blueberry, blackberry, chok cherry, raspberry, goozberry aur hakalberry key liye chaara ugaate they. garmiyon key khel key dauran hiran, beaver, moos, huns, batakh, khargosh aur bhalu jaise jaanvaron kaa shikaar kiya jaataa thaa.
anishinabe key beach gyaat danedar cheeni banaane kii ack paaramparik vidhi maple sirap koo cumm honey taka ubalana aur ack gart mein dalna thaa, jahaan teji seey thandaa honey vaale sirap koo lakadi key paddle kaa upayog karke maple cheeni mein jaldi seey sansaadhit kiya jaataa thaa.
natedari aur kabila pranali.
paaramparik roop seey, ojibwe mein ack pitrivanshiya pranali thee, jisamen bachchon koo pitaa key kabile mein paida maanaa jaataa thaa. iss kaaran seey, francisi yaa angreji pitaa vaale bachchon koo kabile aur ojibwe samaaj key baahar maanaa jaataa thaa jaba taka kii ack ojibwe purush dwara god naheen liya jaataa thaa. unhein kabhi-kabhi unake pitaa key kaaran "safed" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa, chaahe unaki maataaen ojibwe houn, kyonki ojibwe samaaj mein unakaa koee aadhikarik sthaan naheen thaa. loga mahila aur usake bachchon koo aashray dete they, lekin sanskriti mein unakaa sthaan ojibwe pitaaon key janm lene vaale bachchon key samaan naheen thaa.
natedari kii samajh jatil haye aur isamen nikat parivaar key saath-saath vistaarit parivaar bhee shamil haye. ise ack sanshodhit dwibhajan vilay sambandh pranali maanaa jaataa haye. kissy bhee dwibhajan-vilay sambandh pranali key saath, bhaai-bahan aam taur parr samanantar chachere bhaaiyon key saath ack hii sambandh shabd saajha karate hain kyonki way sabhi ack hii kabile kaa hissa hain. sanshodhit pranali chhote bhaai-bahanon koo chhote chachere bhaaiyon key saath ack hii sambandh avadhi saajha karane kii anumati detee haye. vyakti kii tatkaal peedhi seey jatilata aur cumm hoe jaati haye, lekin mahila rishtedaron key saath kuchh jatilata bunny rahati haye. udaaharan key liye, "ninoshen" "merrie maan kii bahan" yaa "merey pitaa kii saali"-i haye.ee., merrie samanantar chaachi, lekin "merey maataa-pitaa kii mahila cross-chachera bhaai" bhee. pardada-pardada aur purani peedhiyon key saath-saath parpote-pardada aur yuva peedhiyon koo saamoohik roop seey "onicobizigan" kahaa jaataa haye. yeh sambandh kii pranali sabhi jeevit peedhiyon key saath-saath ateet aur bhavishya kii sabhi peedhiyon key beach paraspar judaav aur santulan key anishinabe darshan koo darshaati haye.
ojibwe logon koo kaee "dudemag" (kull; ekvachanah "dudem") mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, jinka naam mukhya roop seey jaanvaron aur pakshiyon key totem (uchchaaran "dudem") key liye rakhaa gayaa thaa. ojibwe bhasha mein shabd kaa arth haye "merey saathi kabile."paanch mool totem" "vavaazeesi" "(bullhead)," "basvenazi" "/" "azizak" "(" "pratidhvani-nirmaata" ", i.ee., crain), "aana 'avenh" (pintel duck), "nook" ("komal", i.ee., bhalu) aur "moozavaanaao" ("chhoti" moos-tail). crain totem ojibwe mein sabse mukhar thaa, aur bhalu sabse badaa thaa-itna badaa, kii ise shareer key angon jaise sir, pasaliyon aur pairon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. pratyek kabile kii logon key beach kuchh jimmedaariyaan theen. logon koo ack alag kabile key jeevansathi seey shaadi karni thee.
paaramparik roop seey, pratyek baind mein ack swa-viniyaamak parishad thee jisamen samudaayon key kulon key netaa yaa "odudeman" shamil they. baind kii pehchaan aksar pramukh "dudem" dwara kii jaati thee. dusaron seey milane mein, ojibwe logon key beach paaramparik abhivaadan haye, "aapka 'dudem' kyaa haye?"(" "aanin gidudem?"yaa" awan gidudem?") pratikriya pakshon koo parivaar, doston yaa dushmanon key roop mein pehchaan karke samajik aacharan sthaapit karane kii anumati detee haye. aaj, abhivaadan koo chhota karke "aanee" (uchchaaran "aaha-nee") curr diyaa gayaa haye.
aadhyatmik vishvaas.
ojibwe key paas aadhyatmik vishvaas hain joe madhya-winn shikshaon key tahat maukhik parampara dwara paarit kiye gaye hain. inmein ack rachana kii kahani aur samarohon aur anushthaanon kii utpatti kaa varnan shamil haye. aadhyatmik vishvaas aur anushthaan ojibwe key liye bahut mahatvapurna they kyonki aatmaon ney unhein jeevan key madhyam seey nirdeshit kiya. berch chhaal scroll aur petroform kaa upayog gyaan aur jaankaari key saath-saath samarohon key liye bhee kiya jaataa thaa. samarohon key liye chitralekh kaa bhee upayog kiya jaataa thaa.
sweatlodge kaa upayog abhee bhee chaar dishaaon key baare mein mahatvapurna samarohon key dauran kiya jaataa haye, jaba maukhik itihas kaa varnan kiya jaataa haye. shikshan lodge aaj agali peedhiyon koo bhasha aur ateet key pracheen tarikon key baare mein sikhaane key liye aam hain. paaramparik tarikon, vichaaron aur shikshaon koo aise jeevan samarohon mein sanrakshit aur abhyaas kiya jaataa haye.
paine-indian andolan aur nae yug key samoohon dwara apanaae gaye aadhunik dreamcatcher kii utpatti ojibwe "spider web chaarm" mein hui, joe ack buni hui string yaa scienue key saath ack hoop haye joe ack makadi key web koo doharaane key liye haye, jiska upayog shishuon key liye ack surakshaatmak aakarshan key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. ojibwe kinvadanti key anusaar, surakshaatmak aakarshan makadi mahila seey utpann hotaa haye, jise "asibikashi" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye; joe bachchon aur bhoomi parr logon kii dekhbhal karati haye aur jaise-jaise ojibwe rashtra uttari america key konon mein failata haye, asibikashi key liye sabhi bachchon taka pahunchana mushkil hoe jaataa haye, isaliye maataon aur daadi ney bachchon key liye jaal bunaa, jiska ack apotropac uddeshya thaa aur joe spasht roop seey sapanon seey judey naheen they.
antim sanskar kii prathaaen.
paaramparik.
ojibwe parampara mein, mrityu key baad mukhya kaary shareer koo jald seey jald, agale hii dinn yaa mrityu key dinn bhee dafnana haye. yeh mahatvapurna thaa kyonki isane mritakon kii aatma koo apane anand aur khushi key sthaan taka yatra karane kii anumati dee. khushi kii bhoomi jahan mrit loga rahate hain, usey "gaagige minwanigozigwinning" kahaa jaataa haye. yeh ack aisee yatra thee jisamen chaar dinn lagey. yadi mrityu key dinn dafanaane kii taiyari poori naheen hoe paati thee, tou mehmaanon aur dawa lene vaalon koo shoke manaane mein madad karane key liye mritak aur parivaar key saath rehna padata thaa, saath hii raat bhar geet gaanaa aur nritya karna bhee padata thaa. ack baar taiyari poori hoe jaane key baad, shareer koo ghutanon key saath chhaati kii or ack asthir sthiti mein rakhaa jaataa. chaar dinon key dauran yeh aatma koo apane anand key sthaan taka yatra karane key liye letaa haye, harr samay kabr key saath bhojan rakhane kii pratha haye. jaba suraj doobata haye tou aag lugg jaati haye aur poori raat chalati rahati haye. bhojan yatra key dauran aatma koo khilaane mein madad karane key liye haye, jabaki aag seey nikalane vaalaa dhuaan ack disha-nirdesh haye. ack baar chaar dinn kii yatra samaapt honey key baad, ack dawat aayojit kii jaati haye, jiska netritva mukhya chikitsak dwara kiya jaataa haye. dawat mein, mritak kii kuchh cheejen denaa mukhya chikitsak kaa kartavya haye. jinn logon koo mritak seey vastuein praapt karane key liye chunaa gayaa thaa, unhein kapadon key ack nae tukade mein vyaapaar karna aavashyak haye, joe sabhi ack bundle mein badal diye jaayenge. phir nae kapadon kaa bundle aur ack vyanjan nikatatam rishtedaar koo diyaa jaataa haye. bundle key praaptakarta koo taba aise vyaktiyon koo dhoondhana chaahiye jinhen vaha yogya maanata haye, aur kapadon key nae tukadon mein seey ack koo denaa chaahiye.
samkaaleen.
lii staples key anusaar, mille laakh bhaaratiya aarakshan seey ack ojibwe aadhyatmik netaa, vartamaan samay kii prathaaen samaan aadhyatmik maanyataon kaa paalan karati hain aur kaafee hudd taka samaan rahati hain. jaba koee vyakti marr jaataa haye, tou parivaar key ghar mein aag lagaai jaati haye, jinase chaar dinon taka lagaatar aag koo banaae rakhane kii bhee ummeed kii jaati haye. chaar dinon mein, aatma koo bhojan bhee diyaa jaataa haye. khaadya prasaad mein jodaa gayaa, tambaku bhee diyaa jaataa haye kyonki ise paaramparik roop seey ojibwe samudaayon dwara upayog kii jaane vaali chaar pavitra davaaon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. bhojan kii antim raat koo, rishtedaron dwara ack dawat bhee aayojit kii jaati haye joe tambaku kii peshkash yaa tambaku koo aag mein fenkane key antim dhuein key saath samaapt hoti haye. halanki paaramparik taabuton kaa upayog mukhya roop seey aaj key samudaayon mein kiya jaataa haye, berch chhaal key aag key machis koo shareer key saath ack upkaran key roop mein dafnaya jaataa haye taaki "gaggieg minwanigozizivining" kii unaki yatra kaa margadarshan karane key liye halki aag mein madad mill sakey.
nasleeya vanaspati.
ojibwe dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale paudhon mein "agrimonia griposepala", mootra samasyaon key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye, aur "pinus strobus", jiska raal sankraman aur gangreen key ilaaj key liye upayog kiya jaataa thaa, shamil hain. symphiotricham nova-anglia" kii jadon koo khel koo aakarshit karane key liye pipe mein dhuaan diyaa jaataa haye. "alium trichocum" koo ojibwe vyanjan key hisse key roop mein khaaya jaataa haye. way ack kaadhe kaa upayog twarit-abhinay vaale ametic key roop mein bhee karate hain. silin latifolia" kii "alba" upa-prajaati kaa ack mishran bhautik key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye. dakshin ojibwa mootrashay key paas dard key liye jarh "viola canadensis" key kaadhe kaa upayog kartaa haye. ojibwa koo saur jalika mein dard key liye "uvularia grandiflora" kii jarh kaa upayog karane key liye pralekhit kiya gayaa haye, joe pleuricy koo sandarbhit curr sakata haye. way peeth dard aur mahila kamjori key liye "ribbs granthi granthika" kii jarh kaa ack yaugik kaadha lete hain.
ojibwe apachan key liye "sagittariya cunetta" key corm khaate hain, aur bhojan key roop mein bhee, ubale hue taaje, sookhe yaa maple cheeni key saath candy kiye hue khaate hain. kasturi aur beaver unhein badey kaishe mein sangraheet karate hain, jinhen unhone pahachaanana aur upayukt banaana seekh liya haye. way "antenaria howelli" aiss. aiss. pee. kaa ack mishran lete hain. "neodioca" bachche key janm key baad janm key baad shuddh karane aur thheek karane key liye. way "solidago rigida" kii jadon kaa upayog karate hain, ack anema key roop mein jarh key kaadhe kaa upayog karate hain aur "mootra key rukane" key liye jarh kaa ack mishran lete hain. way "abis balsamiya" kaa upayog karate hain; germ pattharon parr masoodon koo pighlana aur sirdard key liye dhuein koo saans mein lena. way sandhishoth key jodon key liye ack jadee-bootiyon key roop mein jarh key kaadhe kaa bhee upayog karate hain. way masoodon koo bhalu key tail key saath bhee jodate hain aur ise baalon key liye ack malam key roop mein upayog karate hain. way paseene key snan seey judey samaroh key hisse key roop mein suee jaisi pattiyon kaa upayog karate hain, aur sardi key liye masoodon kaa upayog karate hain aur sardi key liye patte key dhuein koo saans mein lete hain. way iss paudhe kaa upayog khaansi kii dawa key roop mein karate hain. masoode kaa upayog ghaavon key liye kiya jaataa haye aur pattiyon vaale yaugik kaa upayog dhone key liye kiya jaataa haye. chhaal key fafole seey nikalane vaale taral balsam kaa upayog aankho mein kharash key liye kiya jaataa haye. way raal koo dou baar ubaalate hain aur ise ack dongi pitch banaane key liye soot yaa vasaa mein daal dete hain. chhaal key masoode koo sardi seey seene mein dard key liye liya jaataa haye, kataav aur ghaavon parr lagaaya jaataa haye, aur chhaal key kaadhe kaa upayog pasina laane key liye kiya jaataa haye. chhaal key masoode koo bhee gonorrhea key liye liya jaataa haye. mahila rogiyon mein doodh key pravaah koo uttejit karane key liye pouder, sookhe "onoclea sensibilis" jarh kaa kaadha (chaay) kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
baind.
apane "ojibwe logon key itihas" (1855) mein, villium doubleu. vaaran ney sanyukt raajya america mein ojibwe key 10 pramukh prabhagon koo darj kiya. unhone galati seey mishigan, paschimi minnesota aur paschim kii or sthit ojibwe aur poore kanada koo chhod diyaa. jaba mishigan aur ontario mein sthit pramukh aitihaasik baindon kii pehchaan kii jaati haye, tou ginati 15 hoe jaati haih
yeye 15 pramukh prabhaag nimnalikhit ojibwe baind aur aaj key pahale rashtron mein vikasit hue. jahan sambhav hoe, baind unaki sambandhit janjaatiyon key tahat soochibaddh hain. soltox samudaayon kii soochi bhee dekhein.
ullekhaniya ojibwe loga.
20veen aur 21veen shatabdi key ojibwe logon koo unaki vishisht janjaatiyon key tahat soochibaddh kiya jaanaa chaahiye.

