kolambiya, maryland

columbia sanyukt raajya america key maryland key haward county mein ack janganana-naamit sthaan haye. yeh ack niyojit samudaay haye jisamen 10 swa-nihit gaanv shamil hain. 2020 kii janganana mein janganana-naamit sthaan kii aabaadi 104,681 thee, joe ise baltimore key baad maryland mein doosara sabse adhik aabaadi vaalaa samudaay banaati haye. kolambiya, baltimore aur washington key beach sthit, dee.see., aadhikarik taur parr baltimore mahanagariya kshetra kaa hissa haye.
columbia proper mein kewal columbia association dwara shaasit kshetra shamil haye, lekin badey kshetron koo yuu dwara isake naam key tahat shamil kiya gayaa haye.aiss. daak seva aur janganana beuro. inmein kaee anya samudaay shamil hain joe kolambiya seey pahale key hain, jinamen simpsonville, atholton aur janganana key mamle mein, clarksville kaa hissa shamil haye. kolambiya kii shuruat iss vichaar seey hui kii ack shahar apane nivaasiyon key jeevan kii gunavatta koo badhaa sakata haye. developer james rouse ney arthshastra aur engineering key bajaay maanviya moolyon key sandarbh mein nae samudaay kaa nirmaan karane kaa prayaas kiya. 1967 mein khola gayaa, kolambiya kaa uddeshya naa kewal tatkalin upkhand design kii asuvidhaon koo samaapt karna thaa, balki nasleeya, dhaarmik aur varg algaav koo bhee samaapt karna thaa.
itihas.
utpatti.
kolambiya kii sthaapana james doubleu dwara kii gaee thee. rouse (1914-1996), easton, maryland kaa mool nivasi. 1935 mein, rouse ney sanghiya awas prashaasan key saath baltimore mein naukari praapt kii, ack naee sauda agency jiska uddeshya ghar key swaamitva aur ghar key nirmaan koo badhaava denaa thaa. iss sthiti ney awas udyog key sabhi charanon key liye sanket diyaa. baad mein 1930 key dashak mein unhone ack baltimore bandhak banking vyavasaay, moss-roose company kii saha-sthaapana kii. 1950 key dashak mein unaki company, taba taka james doubleu key roop mein jaani jaati thee. rouse aur company, shopping center aur maull vikasit karane mein shaakhaaen banaati hain. 1957 mein, rouse ney samudayik anusandhaan aur vikas, ink. kaa gathan kiya. (see. aar. dee.) poore desh mein kharidari kendron key nirmaan, swaamitva aur sanchaalan key uddeshya seey. samudayik anusandhaan aur vikas, ink., jise james doubleu dwara prabandhit kiya gayaa thaa. rouse aind company, 1961 mein saarvajanik roop seey karobar karane vaali company bunn gaee. 1966 mein, samudayik anusandhaan aur vikas, ink. james doubleu key adhigrahan key baad, usane apana naam badalkar rouse company curr liya. company stock key badale mein rouse aur company.
1950 key dashak kii shuruat taka rouse una sangathanon mein bhee sakriya thaa jinake lakshya roga kaa mukabala karna aur shahari navikaran koo badhaava denaa thaa. raaste mein, unhone awas key muddon koo sambodhit karane key liye vyaapak yojana aur kaarravaai key mahatva koo pahachaana. ack pratibhashali saarvajanik vaktaa, awas mamalon parr rouse key bhashanon ney media kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya. 1950 key dashak key madhya taka way apane iss vishvaas kaa samarthan curr rahey they kii safal honey key liye shaharon koo aise sthaan honah chaahiye jahaan loga safal houn. 1959 key ack bhaashan mein unhone ghoshana kii kii shaharon kaa uddeshya logon key liye haye, aur shahar kii yojana kaa uddeshya ack aise shahar koo pados mein banaana honah chaahiye jahaan purush, mahilaaen aur unake parivaar reh sakein aur kaam curr sakein, aur sabse mahatvapurna baat, charitra, vyaktitva, dhaarmik poorti, bhaichare aur anandapurna jeevan kii kshamata mein vriddhi hoe.
1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein, rouse ney ack nayaa model shahar vikasit karane kaa faisala kiya. ack nae model shahar key baare mein rouse key vichaaron koo kaee karakon dwara soochit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen unake vyaktigat isai vishvaas key saath-saath unaki company key liye laabh arjit karane kaa lakshya, prabhaav joe way ack dusare key saath asangat naheen maanate they. atlanta, georgia aur raile-durham, uttari carolina key paas sambhaavit nae shahar sthaanon kii khoj key baad, rouse ney baltimore aur washington, dee key beach apana dhyaan kendrit kiya.see., haward county, maryland mein.
haward county bhoomi adhigrahan.
aprail 1962 mein, lambe samay seey howard county key nivasi mell burman, joe see. aar. dee. key nideshak mandal key sadasya bhee they, ney howard county mein bikri key liye vigyaapan mein devdaar laine parr ack sanket dekhaa. burman ney see. aar. dee. koo vikalp kii soochana dee aur bhoomi khareedane kaa nirnay liya gayaa. yeh agale dedh saal mein rouse dwara kii gaee 165 bhoomi kharidon mein seey pahali thee. bhoomi kii laagat koo cumm rakhane key liye, jack johns, rouse kii piper marbury kii firm key ack vakeel, ney "alaska iron mines company" jaise nakali nigamon key madhyam seey gupt roop seey bhoomi khareedane key liye ack grid pranali sthaapit kii. inmein seey kuchh pual kharidaaron mein columbia audyogik vikas nigam, 95-32 nigam, 95-216 nigam, premble, ink shamil they., kolambiya maull, ink., oakland riz audyogik vikas nigam aur kolambiya vikas nigam. robert moxley kii firm suraksha realty company (abb suraksha vikas samooh ink), johns key liye kaee bhoomi saudon parr baatchit kii, joe unakaa sabse achchha graahak bunn gayaa. 140 alag-alag maalikon seey, haward county kaa 10 pratishat, sanchit. david rockfeller ney haal hii mein pocantic pahaadiyon naamak ack niyojit rouse "gaanv" avadharana koo radd curr diyaa thaa. $19,122,622 adhigrahan koo taba octuber 1962 mein rouse key poorv niyokta connecticut samanya jeevan beema dwara prati ekad $1,500 ($0.37/m2) kii ausat keemat parr vitt poshit kiya gayaa thaa. oakland jagir kii shahar key kendra kii bhoomi isador guldeski seey kharidi gaee thee, jise robb moxley key bhaai, county commissioner aur bhoomi developer norman ee dwara site parr oonchi imaraton key nirmaan seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. moxley. yeh mahsoos karate hue kii unake paas ack pramukh sampatti haye, unhone ack bhoomi plate parr haath seey ack samjhaute parr hastakshar karate hue apane liye $5 million kaa anurodh kiya. rouse aur guldeski key beach kii pratispardha pratispardhi tyson corner center aur tyson galleria pariyojanaon taka leey jaati haye, jisamen pratyek apane pratiyogi key karmchaariyon koo kaam parr rakhta haye.
1962 key anta taka, nagrikon ney ack sarv-ganarajya teen sadasyiya parishad kaa chunaav kiya thaa. jey. hubert black, charles ee. miller, aur david doubleu. bull jinhone cumm ghanatva vaale vikas matpatra parr prachaar kiya, lekin baad mein kolambiya pariyojana koo manjuri dee. howard county yojana aayog key adhyaksh wilmer sanner ney ghoshana kii, "aggar yeh county key vyavasthit vikas mein jodata haye, tou humm yahee dekh rahey hain."usa julaai mein, sanner ney saarvajanik ghoshana seey pahale apane simpsonville farm kaa adhikansh hissa howard research koo betch diyaa. octuber 1963 mein, adhigrahan kaa khulasa howard county key nivaasiyon key saamane kiya gayaa, jisase rahasyamay khareed key baare mein afvaahon koo viram milaa. inmein yeye siddhant shamil they kii yeh sthal ack chikitsa anusandhaan prayogshala yaa ack vishal khaad kaa dher banane vaalaa thaa. niyojit shahar" honey key upnaam key bavjood, ghoshana key baad 1964 key adhikansh samay key liye shahar key liye yojana ney rouse adhikaariyon koo kabja curr liya, jabaki vipanan nideshak scott khaai koo baltimore key cross kii vikas seey laaya gayaa thaa taaki pariyojana koo samudayik samoohon mein badhaava diyaa jaa sakey. 
disambar 1964 mein yojana nideshak tomm harris junier dwara zoning koo aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. lagbhag sabhi yojana niyantran koo vikaskarta koo saunpane key liye. howard county times key dorris thompson, howard county nagrik sangh key simore barond aur mahila matdaataon kii leag key aneeta iraib dwara zoning koo manjuri dene key liye ack media push sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. juuna 1965 mein pariyojana key liye zoning koo manjuri dee gaee thee, aur hourd anusandhaan aur vikas ney sampatti dwara samarthit $37.5 million key nirmaan vilekh mein pravesh kiya. vikas asthaayi roop seey octuber 1965 mein rook gayaa thaa jaba simpsonville key james aur enaa happing ney yojana board parr mukadama daayar kiya, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii nayaa shahar kshetra nirdhaaran ack ekal sampatti key malik koo labhanvit karane vaale sthaan kshetra kaa ack roop thaa. jaba developer hommer gudelsky ney estate kharida tou mamla hataa diyaa gayaa. duss saal baad, poorv paarshad charles ee. miller ney kahaa kii aggar vaha ise phir seey curr sakate they, tou unhone kolambiya koo manjuri dene key liye matdan naheen kiya hoga. unhone mahsoos kiya kii subsidy vaale awas kaa shoshan kiya jaayega aur mahsoos kiya kii shesh county key liye yeh ack samasya bunn jaayegi. navambar 1974 key howard county parishad chunaavon mein miller koo haraaya gayaa thaa, joe kii kolambiya key vikas key badale hue raajneetik paridrishya key parinamswarup thaa. 1976 kii shuruat mein, ack "columbia flyer" sampadakiya ney aarop lagaaya kii miller ack darr paida karane vaalaa pratikriyaavaadi thaa, jiska columbia, choohe aur columbia key nivaasiyon key khilaf vyaktigat pratishodh thaa.
anaavaran aur vikas.
21 juuna, 1967 koo anaavaran key samay, james rouse ney columbia koo ack niyojit nae shahar key roop mein varnit kiya joe county koo khatare mein daalane vaale chhalang-frogg aur spott-zoning vikas seey bachega. nayaa shahar naukariyon, schools, kharidari aur chikitsa sevaaon aur awas vikalpon kii ack shrinkhala key saath poorna hoga. vaanijyik vikas seey sampatti curr una atirikt sevaaon koo shamil karega jinake saath awas county parr bojh daalega. kolambiya key liye shahari yojana prakriya mein naa kewal yojnakar shamil they, balki samajik vigyaan mein rashtriya star parr maanyata praapt visheshagyon kaa ack panel bhee shamil thaa, jise kaary samooh key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. purushon aur ack mahila key chaudah sadasya samooh, antonia handler chez, 1963 mein shuru honey vaale aadhe varsh key liye dou dinon, maheene mein dou baar mille. kaary samooh ney shiksha, manoranjan, dharm aur swaasthya dekhbhal mein yojnakaron key liye navacharon key saath-saath samajik baatchit mein sudhaar key tarikon kaa sujhaav diyaa. kolambiya kii khuli kakshaaen, antar-dhaarmik kendra, aur chikitsa doctors (kolambiya chikitsa yojana) key ack samooh abhyaas key saath ack swaasthya rakharkhaav sangathan (aich. aim. oh.) kaa tatkalin-upanyaas vichaar inn baithakon seey utpann huaa. pados aur gaanv key kendron key saath samudaay kii bhautik yojana bhee taya kii gaee thee. kolambiya key "nae shahar jile" kshetrikaran adhyadesh ney pratyek vishisht pariyojana key liye county anumodan kii aavashyakta key binaa, developers koo iss baare mein bahut lachilaapan diyaa kii kyaa rakhaa jaae.
1968 mein, uparaashtrapati pada key ummidwar spiro ney samvaaddaataon koo columbia kaa sandarbh dete hue kahaa, "sarkaar koo sthaaniya sarkaaron koo udyog aur vyavasaay koo ack niyojit samudaay key buggle mein jaane key liye protsaahit karane key liye ack utprerak key roop mein kaary karna chaahiye", aur "main gheton mein ghanatva koo cumm karna chaahata huun, aur saath hii gheton kshetron kaa punarnirmaan karna chaahata huun."1969 mein, county karyakari omar jey. johns ney mahsoos kiya kii curr aadhar mein vriddhi buniyaadi dhaanche kii aavashyakta seey peechhe thee kyonki teen varshon mein parichaalan bajat doguna hocker 15 million dollar hoe gayaa thaa. aparaadh kii darr ack varsh mein county key aspas 30-50% taka badh gaee, vikas key aspas hott spott key saath. 1970 taka, pariyojana koo jaari rakhane key liye atirikt vittaposhan kii aavashyakta thee, joe kii connecticut general, nirmaataon key swaamitva vaale trust aur morgan guarante seey $30 million udhaar letaa thaa. 1972 mein, imaraton key liye adhikatam oonchaai rakhane aur prati ekad 2.2 ikaaiyon kii mool ghanatva seema banaae rakhane key prastaav vaale nae shahar kshetra mein sanshodhan kaa columbia sangh, elecott shahar vyavasaayi sangh aur columbia loktaantrik club sahit rouse sahyogiyon dwara virodh kiya gayaa thaa. 1974 taka, bakaaya raashi 100,000 million dollar taka pahunch gaee, jisase partner connecticut general koo diwaliyapan parr vichaar karane key liye prerit kiya gayaa. 1978 mein ack vishesh curr lagaane vaalaa jilaa banaane kaa prayaas aur 1979 mein ack mahapour key saath shamil karane kaa prayaas whiffle rhaa. 1985 mein signa (connecticut general) ney 120 million dollar mein pariyojana seey khud koo alag curr liya. 1990 taka howard anusandhaan aur vikas kaa bakaaya $125,162,689 thaa. 2004 mein pariyojana koo samanya vikas sampattiyon koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa, joe 2008 mein diwalia hoe gaee thee. samanya vikas sampattiyon ney 2004 mein poore kolambiya mein ghanatva badhaane key liye ack yojana prastut kii thee jise sarvasammati seey neeche curr diyaa gayaa thaa. pariyojana kaa swaamitva pichhali sahayak company haward hugg corporation key paas chalaa gayaa. haward hugs ney 2010 mein ulman prashaasan key tahat ghanatva badhaane key liye ack naee yojana prastut kii joe sarvasammati seey paarit hui.
kolambiya ney kabhi bhee shamil naheen kiya haye; kuchh shasson, halanki, gair-laabhkaari kolambiya sangh dwara pradaan kiya jaataa haye, joe niji sampatti key sambandh mein ack ghar key malik sangh key roop mein samanya kshetron aur karyon kaa prabandhan kartaa haye. pahale board poori tarah seey rouse company dwara niyukt logon seey bharey hue they. columbia sangh key pahale prabandhak johnn astrook slayton (dee. 1967). columbia kii praarambhik yojana mein slayton key yogdan key liye, wild lake gaanv mein samudayik kendra, slayton house, kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. wild lake kolambiya mein vikasit kiya jaane vaalaa pahala gaanv kaa kshetra thaa; tadnusar, shahar kaa pahala uchch vidyalaya wild lake uchch vidyalaya thaa, joe 1971 mein "rashtra key liye ack aadarsh vidyalaya" key roop mein khola gayaa thaa. ise 1994 mein khuli kaksha shally mein banaaya gayaa thaa, lekin 1996 mein usee sthaan parr iska punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa.
master plan.
kaary samooh dwara nirdhaarit lakshyon koo praapt karane key liye, kolambiya kii master plan mein duss swa-nihit gaanvon kii ack shrinkhala kaa ahwan kiya gayaa, jisake aspas dinn-pratidin kaa jeevan ghoomata haye. kolambiya kaa kendra bindu kolambiya mein maull aur maanav nirmit jheel kittamakundi hoga.
gaanv aur pados.
gaanv kii avadharana kaa uddeshya columbia koo ack chhote seey shahar kaa ehsas pradaan karna thaa (jaise easton, maryland, jahan james rouse paley-badhe they). pratyek gaanv mein kaee pados shamil hain. gaanv key kendra mein maadhyamik aur uchch vidyalaya hoe sakate hain. sabhi gaanvon mein ack kharidari kendra, manoranjak suvidhaaen, ack samudayik kendra, saikil/paidal maarg kii pranali aur ghar hain. chaar gaanvon mein antar-dhaarmik kendra hain, samanya pooja suvidhaaen hain joe vibhinn dhaarmik mandaliyon key swaamitva mein hain aur sanyukt roop seey sanchaalit hain joe ack saath kaam curr rahey hain.
kolambiya key adhikansh pados mein ekal-parivaar key ghar, townhoem, condominium aur apartment hain, halanki kuchh dusaron kii tulanaa mein adhik vishisht hain. mool yojana, clarence perry kii pados kii avadharana kaa paalan karate hue, ack pados key sabhi bachchon koo ack hii school mein padhaana, pados koo ack samudaay mein jodana aur yeh sunishchit karna kii kolambiya key sabhi bachchon koo ack hii uchch gunavatta vaali shiksha mille. rouse ney senator clark key nishpaksh awas kaanoon key prastaavak key roop mein shahar koo "rung andh" key roop mein vipanan kiya. yadi ack pados mein ack hii daud key bahut saare kharidar hotey hain, tou vaanchhit anupaat puuraa honey taka gharon koo avaruddh curr diyaa jaataa.
kolambiya apani sadakon key naam kalaa aur saahitya key prasiddh karyon seey letaa haih udaaharan key liye, hobbit key glain key pados mein jey key kaam seey apane sadakon key naam liye jaate hain. aar. aar. tolkin; running brook, robbert frost kii kavita seey; aur clemens crossing, maark twen key kaam seey. pustak "oh, aapako kolambiya mein rehna chaahiye!"columbia mein sadak aur sthaanon key naamon kii kalaatmak, kavyatmak aur aitihaasik utpatti kaa varnan kartaa haye.
aage vistaar.
"downtown kolambiya yojana" county kii vistaar kii samanya yojana mein 2010 kaa sanshodhan haye. yeh agale tees varshon mein shahar key columbia key punrutthan key liye ack dhancha haye. aaney vaale varshon mein shahar key kendra mein pariyojanaon key liye vikas yojanaon mein usa pariyojana key liye vivaran jaise kii pados design dishanirdesh, paryaavaran bahaali, saarvajanik suvidhaaen aur buniyaadi dhancha shamil honge. inn vikas yojanaon koo kshetra nirdhaaran kaanoon dwara aavashyak downtown kolambiya yojana key dhaanche kaa paalan karna chaahiye. downtown kolambiya vikas pariyojana key jeevan mein, khudra, vaanijyik, aavaasiya, hotal aur saanskritik vikas key liye 13 million varg phut kii yojana banaai gaee haye.
teen charanon mein puuraa karane key liye, yojana mein anya pariyojanaon key liye badhe hue kshetra ghanatva key badale mein shahar key kendra mein rakhee gaee cumm aaya vaale awas kii atirikt 5,500 ikaaiyon kaa nirmaan karane key liye gair-laabhkaari kolambiya downtown awas nigam key gathan kaa ahwan kiya gayaa haye. atirikt vikas mein 43 laakh varg phut vaanijyik karyalaya sthaan, 25 laakh varg phut khudra sthaan, 640 hotal kamare, sukhad mausam key baad mandap punarvikas aur ack bahu-model parivahan pranali shamil haye.
downtown kolambiya yojana mein paani aur oorjaa kii bachat key lakshyon aur paaristhitiki aur rahane kii kshamata sahit sthirata kii visheshtaen bhee hain.
columbia kaa master developer, howard hugg corporation, vistaar pariyojana kaa netritva curr rhaa haye. iss pariyojana parr 90 million dollar kii laagat aaney kaa anuman haye aur yeh agale 40 varshon key liye samudaay mein vikas kii ruprekha taiyar karegi.
bhugol.
kyonki columbia asanghatit haye, isaliye isaki sateek seemaon parr bhram haye. sabse sakht paribhasha mein, columbia mein kewal columbia sangh dwara vaachaon key tahat shaasit bhoomi shamil haye. yeh sanyukt raajya janganana beuro dwara paribhaashit janganana-naamit sthaan (see. dee. pee.) kii tulanaa mein kaafee chhota kshetra haye. see. dee. pee. kaa kull kshetrafal haye, jisamen seey bhoomi haye aur, yaa 0.80%, paani haye. cdp mein kaee puraane samudaay shamil hain joe caa key dayare mein naheen aatey hain, jinamen holiday hills, diamondback aur alview upkhand aur simpsonville kaa poorv shahar, saath hii saath clarksville key poorv kii or kuchh bhoomi shamil haye. yeye kshetra "nae shahar" kaa hissa naheen hain, aur seedhe isaki suvidhaon seey seva naheen karate hain. inmein seey kuchh kshetron koo dakghar dwara columbia zip code mein shamil kiya gayaa haye, aur kuchh naheen hain.
kolambiya madhya maryland mein sthit haye, baltimore key dakshin-paschim mein, washington key uttar-poorv mein, dee.see., aur anapolis key uttar-paschim mein. yeh samudaay maryland key peedmont kshetra mein sthit haye, jiska purvi kinara girawat rekha parr haye. jalavaayu germ, aardr garmiyon aur thhandi seey thhandi aur geeli sardiyon taka jaati haye. harr saal kabhi-kabhi badee matra mein barfbari hoti haye.
columbia mein praathamik bhoo-roop ludhakati pahaadiyaan aur dhaara ghaatiyan hain; kaee ghumaavdaar sadakon aur kull-dee-sax key saath, columbia kaa sadak network ilaake kaa anusaran karane key liye banaaya gayaa haye. samudra tala seey lagbhag oopar kii oonchaai haye. adhikansh columbia madhya pataksent aur chhoti pataksent nadiyon dwara bahaaya jaataa haye. samudayik nirmaan key dauran sahayak dhaaraon parr baandh lagaakar banaai gaee teen kritrim jheelen hain. 1965 mein, chuha company ney vikas key liye krishi bhoomi koo patte parr diyaa, aur lakadi kii kataai key liye oak vann koo nirdhaarit kiya. company ney saaf kii gaee bhoomi key khandon koo punah lagaane key liye ack paadap bagan vikasit kiya joe columbia key doubleu kaa upayog karega.aar. grace-vikasit urvarak. harit kshetra kii ack baahari valay koo pariyojana key shuru mein hii chhod diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki pahale seey hii aavashyak nadee buffers key saath sanyojan seey nirmaan key liye upalabdh laabhdaayak bhoomi cumm hoe jaayegi. symphany jangalon key saath, kolambiya mein paripakva pedon key kaee anya stands koo asthaayi roop seey banaae rakhaa gayaa haye, jisamen harper kii pasand aur nadee key pahaadi gaanvon key beach samudaay key paschimi bhaag mein badey madhya patexant paryavaraniya kshetra shamil hain, joe nadee ghaati key adhikansh hisse koo vikas seey bachaate hain.
jalavaayu.
columbia mein ack aardr uposhnakatibandhiya jalavaayu haye, jisamen thhandi sardiyaan aur germ, dhundhali garmiyaan hoti hain.
jansankhyiki.
2010 kii janganana.
2009-2013 janganana key anumaanon key anusaar, ack parivaar kii ausat aaya $99,877 thee. prati vyakti aaya $46,374 thee. lagbhag 4.1% parivaar aur 6.6% aabaadi garibi rekha seey neeche thee, jisamen 18 varsh seey cumm ayu key 8.8% aur 65 varsh yaa usase adhik ayu key 6.4% loga shamil they.
2000 kii janganana.
2000 kii janganana key anusaar, see. dee. pee. mein 88,254 loga, 34,199 parivaar aur 23,118 parivaar rahate they. jansankhya ghanatva thaa. 35, 281 awas ikaaiyaan theen jinka ausat ghanatva thaa. cdp kaa nasleeya swaroop 66.52% safed, 21.47% kaalaa yaa african americi, 0.26% mool americi, 7.30% asiai, 0.05% prashant dweepwasi, 1.63% anya naslon seey, aur 2.76% dou yaa dou seey adhik naslon seey thaa. 4.12 pratishat aabaadi kissy bhee jaati kii hyspanic yaa latino thee. kolambiya key 14 pratishat nivasi german, 11 pratishat ayrish, 10 pratishat angreji, 5 pratishat italvi, 4 pratishat polish, 2 pratishat russie, 2 pratishat scotish, 2 pratishat bhaaratiya, 2 pratishat cheeni, 2 pratishat koriyai, 2 pratishat upa-sahaara african, 2 pratishat francisi aur 2 pratishat paschim bhaaratiya they.
34, 199 parivaar they, jinamen seey aaee. dee. 3. key 18 varsh seey cumm ayu key bachche unake saath rahate they, aaee. dee. 4. vivaahit jode they joe ack saath rahate they, aaee. dee. 1. kii mahila grihasthi thee jiska koee pati maujood naheen thaa, aur aaee. dee. 2. gair-parivaar they. 25.sabhi gharon mein seey 6 pratishat vyaktiyon seey baney they, aur 5.1 pratishat mein koee aisaa vyakti thaa joe 65 varsh yaa usase adhik ayu kaa thaa. ausat ghar kaa aakar 2.54 thaa aur ausat parivaar kaa aakar 3.09 thaa.
cdp mein, aabaadi 18 varsh seey cumm ayu key 26.3%, 18 seey 24 varsh kii ayu key liye 6.7%, 25 seey 44 varsh kii ayu key liye liye seey 64 varsh kii ayu key liye liye, aur 65 varsh yaa usase adhik ayu key liye 7.5% key saath faili hui thee. ausat ayu 36 varsh thee. pratyek 100 mahilaaon key liye 93.1 purush they. 18 varsh aur usase adhik ayu kii pratyek 100 mahilaaon key liye 88.7 purush they.
arthavyavastha.
james rouse ney ack shahar kii kalpana kii, naa kii ack upnagariya shayankaksh samudaay kii, aur purvi kinare parr ack badaa kshetra audyogik uddeshyon key liye aavantit kiya gayaa thaa. vikas key iss pahalu kaa kendra bindu ack samanya vidyut upkaran sanyantra thaa joe pahale ack pashu farm key roop mein sanchaalit thaa. 1969 mein ack nishedhagya prayaas koo avaruddh karane key baad, sanyantra ney 1972 mein parichaalan shuru kiya, joe anumaanit 12,000 naukariyon mein seey 2,300 parr pahunch gayaa. yeh 1990 mein bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin sampatti key sabhi hisse koo vaapas howard anusandhaan aur vikas koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa. sampatti key ack hisse koo baad mein badey boxes khudra key liye punarvikasit kiya gayaa thaa; shesh badey pravesh dwaar vanijya karyalaya parisar bunn gayaa, jiska abhee bhee vistaar kiya jaa rhaa haye. 1968 mein, bendics feeled engineering koo aitihaasik lakadi key bagan parr ack naee suvidha mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, jahan iska upayog engineering gatividhi key liye kiya gayaa thaa. haward county ney 2011 mein udyamita key liye maryland kendra banaane vaali khaali suvidha kharidi, jise 2014 mein khaali patexant prakaashan bhawan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. isake dakshin mein abhee bhee ack chhota audyogik kshetra haye, lekin badey purvi kolambiya mein vaanijyik achal sampatti-karyalaya, khudra aur thoke-mool yojana key vipareet haye, jisane shahar key kendra kshetra koo kolambiya key vaanijyik kendra key roop mein dekhaa.
yuu.aiss. sanghiya sarkaar kolambiyai logon key liye kaee naukariyon kaa srot haye. kaee badey yuu.aiss. raksha pratishthanon kaa vibhaag aur anusandhaan aur vikas suvidhaaen columbia koo gherati hain, joe kii fort george jee mein rashtriya suraksha agency kaa sabse badaa hissa haye. meede, aur kolambiya key dakshin mein prayukt bhautiki prayogshala, donon kolambiya kii sthaapana seey pahale key hain. jinn companiyon key paas iss kshetra mein anusandhaan suvidhaaen hain, unamen doubleu shamil hain.aar. anugrah aur company. aage, kaee kolambiyai baltimore aur washington mein sarkari aur sarkari thekedaar kii naukariyon key liye aatey hain.see. kshetra.
kolambiya mein sthit companiyon mein doubleu shamil hain.aar. grace aind company, sourcefire, patmeds, micro system, martech biosciences, integral system, gp strategy corporation, corporate offices properties trust aur consumer research company nielson audio (poorv mein arbitron). jaba magimu ack swatantra company thee, tou iska mukhyalaya kolambiya mein thaa.
kharidari karein.
kolambiya mein maull, shahar key kendra mein sthit, ack badaa kshetriya shopping maull haye jisamen teen anker department store (nordstrom, massie aur jcpni), ack multiplexes movie theatre aur 200 seey adhik store aur restaraan hain.
purvi kolambiya mein kaee anya pramukh pratispardhi kharidari kendra hain, jinamen 1983 mein khola gayaa dobin center strip maull, ge audyogik site key shesh hisse parr snoden squire bigg boxes retail, 1997 mein shuru huaa columbia crossing aaee aur II bigg boxes retail aur getway outlook shamil hain.
kolambiya key nau "gaanv key kendra" nivaasiyon koo aas-paas kii kharidari key saath-saath pradaan karate hain, jinamen aksar supermarket, bharan station, sharaab kii dukaanen, dry cleaner, restaraan aur hayer sailoon shamil hain. gaanv key kendron koo iss tarah seey banaaya gayaa haye taaki paaramparik strip maull key vipareet, alag-alag dukaanen sadak seey dikhaai naa dein. iss vyavastha kii aalochana kii jaati haye kyonki isase nae logon aur gair-nivaasiyon key liye yeh jaanana mushkil hoe jaataa haye kii kyaa kharidari upalabdh haye; sadak kinare america kii bahut adhik garima koo samaapt karane key liye isaki prashansa kii jaati haye.
gaanv key kendra samay key saath vikasit hue hain. oakland milon key gaanv key kendra mein ack paaramparik gaanv kendra leout thaa-ack kendriya galiyare seey door sthit store-1990 key dashak key anta mein isake vidhvans taka. isake baad seey ise devdaar realty trust dwara prabandhit ack adhik paaramparik strip maull key saath badal diyaa gayaa haye. rouse company ney 2002 mein gaanv key kendra kii avadharana koo chhod diyaa, aur sampatti koo kimko realty koo 120 million dollar mein betch diyaa. 2007 aur 2008 mein raajaa key graameen kendra kaa badaa nirmaan huaa jaba kendra mein ack nayaa harris teater supermarket jodaa gayaa, lekin ack kendriya galiyare aur plaza key aspas dukaanon key mool charitra koo banaae rakhaa. owen braun gaanv kendra abb jee. aff. aiss. realty dwara prabandhit haye, aur lambe samay taka pahunchane vaale gaanv key kendra koo blighted ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa aur 2014 mein punarvikraya key liye howard county dwara kharida gayaa thaa.
kalaa aur sanskriti.
manoranjan aur pradarshan kalaa.
night clubon kii anupasthiti mein, columbia baind laane key liye sthaaniya baar parr nirbhar kartaa haye. sonoma (owen braun mein) aur nottingham kaa saraay aur haraa kachhua (dobin kendra key paas) niyamit roop seey pradarshan karane key liye samoohon mein laate hain.
ack prasiddh outdoor sangeet karyakram sthal, mairivedar post pavelian, kaee pramukh kalakaron koo aakarshit kartaa haye. isake alawa, kaee pradarshan kalaa sangathan hain joe peshevar rangmanch prastut karate hain, jinamen toby kaa ratribhoj rangmanch, naatya kalaa key liye kolambiya kendra aur yuva kolambiyai shamil hain jinhone kaee sangeetmay karyakramon key kshetra kaa premiere kiya haye.
kolambiya 1972 seey chamber sangeet samaroh pradaan karane key liye kolambiya key nivaasiyon dwara gathit ack gair-laabhkaari sangathan, candle light concert society key madhyam seey chamber sangeet samaroh, bachchon key karyakram, samudayik outreach karyakram, master kakshaaen aur poorv-concert vyakhyan aur charcha bhee pradaan kartaa haye.
haward county pustakalaya pranali.
howard county pustakalaya pranali (aich. see. ell. aiss.) koo henen kii americi saarvajanik pustakalaya rating (aich. aeye. pee. ell. aar.) key anusaar desh kii saarvajanik pustakalaya pranaliyon mein lagaatar sheersh sthaan diyaa gayaa haye. haward county pustakalaya pranali kii chhah shaakhaon mein seey dou kolambiya mein hain, jisamen shahar key kendra mein kendriya shakha aur owen braun mein purvi kolambiya shakha shamil hain.
aitihaasik sthal.
kolambiya mein dou aitihaasik imaaraten, dorsey holl aur woodlon, 1973 mein aitihaasik sthaanon key rashtriya register mein soochibaddh theen. donon kabhi pramukh haward county nagrikon key ghar they. columbia key bheetar adhikansh aitihaasik imaaraten, milein aur bagan joe register key liye yogya they, jaise kii oakland jagir, rouse company seey sambaddhon dwara prastut naheen kiye gaye they.
dharm.
rouse kaa maanana thaa kii alag-alag church vikas yogya bhoomi kaa apavyay they. dow. steinly hallet ney 1964 key kaary samooh koo paramarsh diyaa kii way aarthik roop seey "church jeevan key asadharan kharch" koo chhod dein, joe kii aise vishvavyaapi pratishthanon key paksh mein haye joe peechhe hatane vaale kendron aur gair-laabhkaari dhaarmik nigamon parr sansadhanon koo kendrit karate hain. rouse company ney alag-alag mandaliyon koo company seey jameen khareedane seey hatotsaahit kiya. 1966 mein columbia dhaarmik suvidha nigam kii sthaapana antar-dhaarmik kendron koo mandaliyon koo patte parr dene key liye kii gaee thee. 22 juuna, 1969 koo, church daan mein 25 laakh dollar ney see. aff. aar. see. koo columbia bhoomi khareedane aur wild jheel key gaanv mein ack antar-dhaarmik suvidha banaane key liye aavedan kiya. sangathan ney sanghiya awas pradhikaran key vitt poshan key saath vikas mein cumm aur madhyam aaya vaale awas kii 300 ikaaiyon koo khareedane key liye antar-dhaarmik awas nigam (abb kolambiya awas nigam) kaa gathan kiya. 
udyaan aur manoranjan.
manoranjan hamesha seey kolambiya avadharana kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa rhaa haye. ghar malik sangh, columbia sangh, jise howard county mein kaee loga "see. aeye". key roop mein jaanate hain, inmein seey adhikansh suvidhaon kaa nirmaan, sanchaalan aur rakharkhaav kartaa haye. caa vibhinn prakaar kii manoranjak suvidhaon kaa sanchaalan kartaa haye, jisamen 23 outdoor swimming pool, paanch indor pool, dou watter slide, aais aur roller skating rink, ack ghudsavaar kendra, laghu golf key saath ack khel park, ack skateboard park, ballebaji pinjare, picnic mandap, clubhouse aur khel kaa maidan, teen athletic club jinamen 24/7 sarvocch khel club, kaee indor aur outdoor tennis, basketball, volleyball, squash, acharball aur racketball court aur daudane vaale track shamil hain. farwari 2006 mein aajivan swaasthya (ack minnesota company) ney columbia getway audyogik udyaan key kinare parr ack 24/7 swaasthya club khola. iss suvidha mein ack outdoor aur dou indor pool (watter slide key saath), racketball court, basketball court, fitness upkaran aur pillets aur yog suvidhaaen shamil hain.
naukaayan, machhali pakadane aur nauka vihaar key liye parkland seey ghiri teen jheelen (kittamakundi jheel, elkhorn jheel aur wild jheel) hain; jogging, tahalane aur bike chalaane key liye maarg; aur kull 148 lott aur khel key kshetra hain.
nau gaanv kendra, 15 pados kendra aur chaar varishth kendra vibhinn prakaar kii samudayik gatividhiyon key liye jagah pradaan karate hain. poore varsh vibhinn prakaar key melle aur utsav hotey hain, jinamen garmiyon key dauran jheel kittamakundi key tata parr manoranjan aur kalaa kaa kolambiya utsav shamil haye.
columbia mein kiraaye key liye bageeche key bhukhand bhee hain, joe columbia key bagwanon key margadarshan mein hain, joe 1970 key dashak seey astitva mein haye. kolambiya mein teen sthalon parr lagbhag 350 bageeche key bhukhand hain, jinamen seey pratyek bageeche koo nammatra key shulk (ack baar mein prati varsh $30) key liye kiraaye parr liya jaataa haye.
2016 mein sthaapit chiara dee 'aamor key samudayik paaristhitiki sansthaan kaa freetown farm, logon koo shikshit karane key liye bagwani kaa upayog kartaa haye aur una samudaayon kii kheti kartaa haye jahaan loga ack saath falate-phoolate hain. freetown farm koo kolambiya key antim kaam karane vaale khet key sthaan parr banaaya gayaa thaa. freetown farm" naam kshetra key aitihaasik naam aur bhoomigat railmarg seey isake sambandhon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. isamen ack nakp udyaan haye aur joe bhojan ugaaya jaataa haye uska adhikansh hissa sthaaniya khaadya bainkon koo daan kiya jaataa haye.
2017 mein, kolambiya mein sthit ack football club, kolambiya aff. see. kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. poorv howard county chhatron aur sthanantaran khilaadiyon seey milkar, khel club ney 8 sitambar, 2019 koo maryland key pramukh socker leag division mein apani shuruat kii.
shiksha.
columbia key saarvajanik vidyalaya howard county saarvajanik vidyalaya pranali dwara sanchaalit hotey hain. 2007-2008 school varsh key roop mein, nimnalikhit uchch vidyaalayon ney kolambiya key kuchh hisse kii seva keeh
inmein seey adhikansh school kolambiya key baahar key chhatron kii seva bhee karate hain, jaisa kii kuchh maadhyamik aur praathamik vidyaalayon key mamle mein bhee hotaa haye.
mahavidyalaya aur vishvavidyalaya.
kolambiya mein koee paaramparik chaar varsheeya college yaa vishvavidyalaya naheen hain, lekin kaee anya college-stariya karyakramon mein vahaan suvidhaaen hain. haward samudayik mahavidyalaya shahar key kendra key paas sthit haye, jabaki phoenix vishvavidyalaya, americi carrier sansthaan, linken college off technology, loyola vishvavidyalaya maryland, maryland vishvavidyalaya, baltimore county, maryland vishvavidyalaya ekikrit swaasthya, aur johns hopkins vishvavidyalaya mein shahar key poorv kii or kolambiya getway business park mein suvidhaaen hain.
1966 mein, howard samudayik mahavidyalaya (aich. see. see.) kii sthaapana howard county mein shiksha mandal dwara kii gaee thee aur howard county aayukt charles ee dwara aupchaarik roop seey adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa. miller, jey. hubert black aur david doubleu. bull. kolambiya mein apane mool parisar key alawa, abb columbia getway business park mein mount air, laurel aur east columbia mein isake upgrah parisar hain.
buniyaadi dhancha.
parivahan.
saarvajanik parivahan.
kolambiya kii praarambhik yojana mein ack minibus pranali kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa joe gaanv key kendron koo ack alag raaste parr jodati haye jisase maarg key saath-saath saghan vikas kii anumati milati haye. maargon kaa nirmaan naheen kiya gayaa thaa, halanki mini bason koo columbia association dwara "columbus" key naam seey sanchaalit kiya jaataa thaa. inhen antatah haward county dwara leey liya gayaa. chhah haward pargaman buss maargon ney kolambiya kii seva kii aur ise apane padosi kshetron (jaise elecott shahar aur beevi havaai adde) key saath jodaa jaba taka kii unhein 2014 mein kendriya maryland (rta) kii kshetriya parivahan agency dwara pratisthaapit naheen kiya gayaa. kaee maryland pargaman prashaasan (mta) maarg washington aur baltimore donon taka aur seey pahunch pradaan karate hain; mta saptah key dinn yatri buss seva kolambiya koo washington metro pranali seey jodati haye. kolambiya key bheetar koee rail station naheen hain, halanki dorsey maark train station aar. tii. aeye. bason dwara seva pradaan kii jaati haye.
aar. tii. aeye. sthaaniya buss seva key saath-saath washington mahanagariya kshetra pargaman pradhikaran aur maryland pargaman prashaasan pradaan kartaa haye. aar. tii. aeye. buss maargon mein shamil hainh 401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,501 aur 503.
hamari buss kolambiya seey nyu brunswick, nyu jersey aur newyork shahar key liye intercity buss seva pradaan karati haye.
sadaken.
kolambiya mein kaee sadak maarg hain joe samudaay kii seva karate hain (neeche dekhein). yeye sabhi rajmarg columbia koo paas key baltimore, washington, dee taka pahunch kii anumati dete hain.see. aur anapolis.
swaasthya seva.
baltimore key johns hopkins aspatal seey sambaddh howard county general aspatal mein chikitsa dekhbhal upalabdh haye. kolambiya chikitsa yojana kii sthaapana 1967 mein kolambiya key nagrikon key liye upalabdh ack swaasthya rakharkhaav sangathan (aich. aim. oh.) key roop mein kii gaee thee. haal key varshon mein, halanki, iss yojana koo alag-alag chikitsa samoohon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye joe buss judvaan gubbare vaali imaraton koo saajha karate hain. aaj, columbia getway audyogik udyaan mein ack casser sthaayi suvidha sthit haye. kaee cleanic bhee hain, jaise kii sahee samay parr chikitsa dekhbhal kendra aur pahale rogi.
bahan shahar.
kolambiya, spen key sargi-pontois, france aur trace cantos key niyojit shaharon kaa ack sahayogi shahar haye. columbia association international aind multicultural prograams advisory kameti howard county public schools mein namankit francisi aur spanish chhatron key liye ack grishmakaaleen vinimay karyakram kaa ayojan karati haye. 2013 mein, caa ney ghaana mein ack bandargah shahar, tema key saath apane nae bahan shahar key sambandhon kii ghoshana kii. aadhikarik utsav koo 17 navambar, 2013 koo ack ghaana utsav key saath chihnit kiya gayaa thaa. ack salaahkaar samiti ney 2015 taka aadhikarik vigyaan samjhaute parr hastakshar karane kii yojana banaai thee. 2016 mein, cap-hattien, haiti ack bahan shahar bunn gayaa jisake baad 2018 mein liang, chean.
sambandhit shahar.
rouse company, joe abb howard hugg corporation key swaamitva mein haye, columbia key saath kaee hood sheershak vii-nae shahar key niyojit samudayik vikas kaa swaamitva aur sanchaalan karati haye. inmein vanbhoomi, texas, bridgeland samudaay, texas aur summerlyn, nevada shamil hain.

