
washington mein yahoodiyon kaa itihas, dee.see.

washington mein yahoodiyon kaa itihas, dee.see. yeh 18veen shatabdi key anta taka chalaa jaataa haye aur aaj bhee jaari haye. 1840 key dashak mein, americi grihyuddh key dauran, aur 19veen shatabdi key anta seey laker 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat aur usase aage, shahar mein basane vaale kewal vyaktigat yahoodiyon seey laker yahudi pravaas kii laharon taka, samudaay lagaatar badhaa haye.
jaise-jaise yeh sankhya mein badhaa haye, isane kaee sampradayik sansthanon kaa bhee nirmaan kiya haye, jisamen sanyukt raajya america mein kuchh sabse puraane shesh aradhanalaya shamil hain, aur rashtra aur yahudi duniya donon key liye yuddh aur sankat key samay mein ack saath kheenchane kii viraasat haye. aaj, grater washington samudaay sanyukt raajya america mein teesara sabse badaa samudaay haye, aur americi rajneeti aur vyaapak yahudi duniya mein sakriya aur prabhaavshaali banaa huaa haye.
praarambhik itihas.
washington dee key pahale gyaat yahudi nivasi.see. isaq pollock, joe 1795 mein aaya aur white house key paschim mein 21 veen street aur pensylvania avenue mein sthit chhah imaraton key roop mein jaani jaane vaali eent haveli kaa nirmaan puuraa kiya. inn imaraton mein ack baar sanyukt raajya america key raajya vibhaag aur nausena key sachiv they, aur baad mein raajya key sachiv james maddison aur villium aich key grih key roop mein kaary kiya. seaward, saath hii saath general saim huston.
mejar alfred mordkai, uttari carolina mein ack roodhivaadi gharaane mein paley-badhe, ack paschimi bindu snaatak they joe dee mein buss gaye.see. 1828 mein washington shastragar koo saunpe jaane key baad. unaki betty, rossa, kaa janm 1839 mein huaa thaa aur vaha jile mein paida honey vaali pahali gyaat yahudi haye.
1840 key dashak mein adhik yahudi parivaar jile mein basane lagey, jinamen seey kaee german yahudi apravasi they, jinamen seey kaee baltimore yahudi samudaay seey judey they. 1852 mein, washington hibru mandali kii sthaapana 21 nae aae yahoodiyon dwara kii gaee thee. mandali key adhyaksh key roop mein seva karate hue, kaptan jonas phillips levi ney jile mein sampatti key swaamitva key liye mandali key adhikaar koo kaanoon mein sthaapit karane key liye congress koo pairavi karane mein madad kii, jisake parinamswarup "washington shahar mein hibru mandali key laabh key liye ack adhiniyam" paarit huaa, jiss parr 1856 mein rashtrapati franklin piers dwara hastakshar kiye gaye they. yeh apane swayam key congress charter key saath ekmatra mandali bunny hui haye. mandali jile mein pahala yahudi school kholane key liye bhee jimmedaar thee.
jaba grihyuddh chhid gayaa, washington dee.see. sangh kii rajdhani key roop mein sangharsh kaa ack kendra thaa, joe dou gulam raajyon dwara sandwich kiya gayaa thaa, aur confederate alexandaria, virginia seey nadee key paar thaa. yuddh ney shahar koo badal diyaa, aur isaki poori aabaadi aasmaan chhoo gaee, jisamen yahudi aabaadi bhee shamil thee joe yuddh key dauran duss gunaa badhkar 200 seey 2,000 hoe gaee. chhah nae kosher restaraan khole gaye, yuddh key dauran shahar mein kaam karane vaale 450 restaraan mein seey kuchh. washington hibru mandali ney yuddh key dauran ghayal yahudi sainikon kii dekhbhal kii aur lavaris yahoodiyon key shavon koo dafnaya. mandali mein mahilaaon key ack samooh ney bhee yuu key liye dhana jutaane mein madad kii.swachchata aayog. 1864 mein, binai bub 'rith ney 28 sadasyon key saath ack lodge khola.
1869 mein, dhaarmik parivartanon aur ack anga jaise upkaran kii sthaapana seey pareshan, sadasyon key ack samooh ney apani khud kii mandali, edas israel, khojane key liye washington hibru chhod diyaa. jaba 1876 mein aradhanalaya kaa nirmaan puuraa huaa, tou rashtrapati ulysses aiss. anudan ney isake samarpan mein bhaag liya.
unamen seey kaee joe dee mein aae.see. yuddh key samay key dauran rahane kaa faisala kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1880 taka, yahudi aabaadi lagbhag 1,500 thee. saatvin sadak uttar-paschim, ack mahatvapurna vyaavsaayik jile, mein yahudi nivaasiyon kii vishesh roop seey uchch ekagrata thee. dakshin-paschim aur georgetown kshetron mein bhee mahatvapurna yahudi aabaadi thee, aur unhone apane swayam key sangathan aur mandaliyaan sthaapit karna shuru curr diyaa.
19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein purvi europe mein pravaasi samudaayon seey yahudi pravaas kii lahar ney jile kii yahudi aabaadi koo 4,000 taka laa diyaa. kull milakar, nae apravasi, jinka ack badaa hissa roose seey aaya thaa, garib they. dee.see. yahudi samudaay ney pratikriya mein kaee daan sangathanon kii sthaapana kii, jisamen ack hibru mukt rinn samaaj, hibru raahat samaaj aur ack yahudi paalak ghar shamil hain. iss samay key aspas sthaapit anya samudayik sangathanon mein vriddhon key liye hebru home, dee shamil thaa.yahudi mahilaaon kii rashtriya parishad kaa see adhyaay, aur ack yuva purushon kaa hebru sangh (yamha) aur yuva mahilaaon kaa hebru sangh (yawa). lansberg key saha-sansthaapak gustaav lansberg kii betty mini lansberg swarnakaar iss samay aur apane poore jeevan mein dharmarth daan aur samudayik ayojan key kendra mein theen.
20veen sadee.
jaba pratham vishva yuddh mein jile mein sainikon aur sarkari karmchaariyon kii ack lahar aaee, tou yahudi samudaay ney nritya aur samajik karyakramon jaise karyakramon kaa ayojan kiya, jinhen aksar yamha aur yawa dwara chalaaya jaataa thaa. yeye gatividhiyaan 1926 mein yahudi samudayik kendra key nirmaan key liye prerana kaa hissa theen, joe 16 veen sadak parr white house seey ack meal door sthit thee. 1930 mein, rashtriya yahudi khaata, jisane baad mein apana naam badalkar washington yahudi saptah curr liya, ney prakaashan shuru kiya. 1938 mein yahudi samudaay parishad kaa gathan kiya gayaa, jisamen jile mein sabhi yahudi sampradayik sangathanon kii vakaalat karane key liye ack kendrikrit sangathan kaa gathan kiya gayaa.
zionist sangathanon ney shahar mein adhyaay bhee sthaapit kiye, jaise kii washington zionist sangathan, america key zionist sangathan kaa ack adhyaay, aur washington poel zian society. dee kii yatra key baad.see. isake sansthaapak, henrietta sazold dwara, 1919 mein hadasah kaa ack adhyaay sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
mahamandi kii avadhi key dauran, yahudi samudaay kaa ack baar phir teji seey vistaar huaa, aakar mein dogune seey bhee adhik. desh bhar seey yahudi naee saude pariyojanaon parr kaam karane yaa badhati nagrik seva mein kaam karane key liye jile mein aatey they. hibru aashray samaaj, aur kaee samajik seva sangathanon ney kosher bhojan pradaan karane, kapade vitarit karane aur nae aagaman key liye awas praapt karane mein madad kii.see. abhee bhee kaam kii talash haye. iss samay mein, yahudi samudaay maryland key upnagaron aur dee key uttar mein pados mein failna shuru hoe gayaa.see. haalaanki, uttar kii or badhana kuchh hudd taka kuchh achal sampatti key karyon mein vaachaon kii upasthiti seey pratibandhit thaa, joe yahoodiyon, african amerikiyon aur anya samoohon koo vasant ghaati aur chevi chez, maryland jaise sthaanon mein sampatti koo patte parr dene yaa bechane parr pratibandh lagaata thaa. aisee vaachaon koo baad mein yuu dwara kaanoon dwara apravartaniya shaasit kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. 1948 mein sarvocch nyayalaya ney shelly banaam. cremer.
1930 key dashak mein, jaise-jaise yeh europe mein yahoodiyon key liye teji seey khatarnak hoe gayaa, washington yahudi samudaay vishesh roop seey bachaav prayason mein sahaayata karane kii koshish mein sakriya thaa. samudaay ney yachikaon parr hastakshar kiye aur 1938 mein 4,000 pradarshankariyon key saath daar samvidhaan kaksh koo bharane sahit, anivarya philistine mein yahoodiyon koo pravaas karane kii anumati dene key liye british sarkaar parr dabaav banaane kaa prayaas kiya.aiss. sarvocch nyayalaya key nyayadhish, luis brandes ney apane apartment mein sthaaniya aur rashtriya geonist netaaon key saath ack sailoon kii mejbani kii aur geonist andolan mein sakriya they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, samudaay ney sarkaar key liye kaam karane yaa senaa mein seva karane key liye aaney vaale yahudi navagantukon kii sahaayata kii. 1941 mein, jey. see. see. 4,000 yahoodiyon key liye awas khojane key liye jimmedaar thaa joe iss kshetra mein chaley gaye they. samudaay key sangathanon ney sashastr balon key sadasyon key liye samajik, saanskritik aur dhaarmik karyakram pradaan karane key liye bhee kadam uthaaya. 1944 mein hibru akadami kholi gaee, joe kshetra mein pahala yahudi divas vidyalaya thaa.
yuddh key baad, kshetra key yahudi samudaay key kaee pramukh sadasyon ney anivarya pyalestine key saath-saath haganah mein avaidh aapravaasan key liye gupt roop seey dhana jutaane mein madad kii. 1948 mein israel raajya kii sthaapana key baad, sthaaniya yahoodiyon ney dutawas pankti key paas navgathit raajya key liye pahala dutawas kharida.
kshetra kii yahudi aabaadi 1945 mein 20,000 seey badhkar 1956 mein 81,000 hoe gaee, jinamen seey aadhe upnagaron mein reh rahey they, naa kii jile mein. 1970 mein aabaadi 110,000 taka pahunch gaee. upnagaron mein vistaar key saath nae aradhanalaya bhee aae, aur yahudi sangathan joe shahar mein they, way bhee jey. see. see., yahudi samajik seva agency, vriddhon key liye hibru ghar, aur antatah sanyukt yahudi appeal (yuu. jey. aeye.) aur yahudi samudaay parishad sahit adhik upnagariya kshetron mein chaley gaye.
1950 aur 1960 key dashak mein, yahudi samudaay key kaee sadasya nagrik adhikaar andolan mein sakriya they, aur yahudi samudaay parishad, jise abb yahudi samudaay sambandh parishad key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ney 1953 mein thomsons restaraan mamle mein aupchaarik roop seey apana samarthan diyaa. shiksha mandal key nirnay key anusaar, parishad ney ekikaran key liye shantipurna sankraman koo badhaava dene key liye shahar aur dhaarmik netaaon key saath bhee kaam kiya. 1966 mein, pragatisheel yuva yahudi buddhijiviyon ney shahari nyaay key liye yahoodiyon (jaj) kii sthaapana kii, joe washington key yahudi samudaay key bheetar kaale-virodhi naslavaad kaa virodh karane key liye sthaapit ack vampanthi sangathan thaa.see. juj ney yahudi sansthanon seey kaale-virodhi bhedbhaav key khilaf abhiyaan chalaaya, aise samay mein awas taka samaan pahunch key liye ladaai ladee jaba washington mahanagariya kshetra mein pramukh safed yahudi bhoomi developers ney african-amerikiyon koo ghar key swaamitva seey baahar karane key liye design kii gaee nasleeya pratibandhaatmak vaachaon kaa upayog kiya, aur african-amerikiyon aur yahudi amerikiyon key beach ekjutata koo protsaahit karane key liye pahale swatantrata sangh kaa ayojan kiya.
1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein, samudaay mein kaee logon ney soviyat sangh mein yahoodiyon kii durdasha key liye khud koo samarpit kiya, jinhen apani yahudita koo dabaane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa, saath hii saath incar karane vaalon key liye, jinhen israel chhodane aur desh chhodane kii anumati seey incar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unhone rashtriya maull parr badey paimaane parr juluson mein bhaag liya, aur shabbat aur yahudi chhuttiyon parr church samoohon kii madad seey soviyat dutawas key baahar dainik chaukasi banaae rakhee.
jaba jile mein yahudi aabaadi phir seey badhane luggy, tou white house key paas mool jey. see. see. imarat koo phir seey kharida gayaa, punarsthaapit kiya gayaa aur phir 1990 key dashak key dauran phir seey khol diyaa gayaa. 1997 mein grater washington mein 165,000 yahudi reh rahey they. dee koo sanrakshit karane kaa bhee prayaas kiya gayaa haye.see.yahudi itihas, jisamen isake praarambhik shahar key aradhanalaya shamil hain, aur grater washington key yahudi aitihaasik samaaj ney lillion aur albert chhote yahudi sangrahalaya koo khola aur uska rakharkhaav kiya.
aaj.
washington, dee.see. yeh sanyukt raajya america key holocost smaarak sangrahalaya kaa sthaan bhee haye, joe holocost itihas key dastavejikaran, adhyayan aur vyakhya key saath-saath rashtra key smaarak key roop mein bhee kaary kartaa haye. rashtrapati jimmi carter key tahat holocost parr rashtrapati key aayog kii sifarish key baad ise congress dwara sarvasammati seey chartered kiya gayaa thaa aur 1993 mein rashtriya maull key buggle mein khola gayaa thaa. 1958 mein sthaapit americi yahudi sainya itihas kaa rashtriya sangrahalaya bhee congress key ack adhiniyam dwara chart kiya gayaa thaa aur americi yahudi seva sadasyon key yogdan koo dastavej kartaa thaa. donon sangrahalayon mein pravesh nihshulk haye.
aaj, iss samudaay koo sanyukt raajya america mein mahanagariya kshetra dwara teesara sabse badaa yahudi samudaay maanaa jaataa haye. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa kii 300,000 yahudi washington mahanagariya kshetra mein rahate hain, jinamen seey 28,000 jile mein hii rahate hain. yeh 2003 seey ack mahatvapurna vriddhi haye, jaba aabaadi 215,000 thee.
jabaki washington dee mein koee kosher supermarket naheen haye.see.kaee sthaaniya kiraane kii dukaanon mein vibhinn prakaar key kosher mukhya khaadya padaarth hotey hain. vaad harabnim (grater washington kii rubbinical council) dwara pramaanit sthaaniya kosher restaraan mein chaar-baar, supergirl, national park mein max kosher kaife, oh maama grill dc aur brooklin sandwich koo shamil hain. kosher food truck. dee. see. kosher, oav sholom aradhanalaya (ack khuli roodhivaadi sabhaa) kii ack pariyojana, kosher key roop mein kaee utpaadon aur restaraan koo pramaanit karati haye, jisamen yell, bubby key berger, vikasit shakahari (jise eliph restaraan key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye), plaint berger, paav vau, gulab aur robbert ell shamil hain. kohain coffey baar, shauk, chipchipi ungaliyon vaali mithaaiyaan aur khaate hain, aur fusfusaate hain!
2017 mein, metro dee. see. yahudi samudaay mein 7 pratishat yahudi vayaskon kii pehchaan ell. jee. bee. tii. key roop mein kii gaee aur 7 pratishat kii pehchaan rung key yahudi yaa hyspanic/latino yahudi (12,200 loga) key roop mein kii gaee. iss kshetra mein 9 pratishat yahudi parivaaron mein ack rung kaa vyakti shamil haye, chaahe vaha yahudi hoe yaa gair-yahudi. dee. see. kshetra key adhikansh yahudi, duss mein seey teen, washington key bheetar rahate hain.see.

