
amanda weltman

amanda weltman (janm 1979) ack dakshin african saiddhaantik bhautik vigyaani hain. vaha dark energy key astitva kii vyakhya karane key liye "girgit gurutvaakarshan" kaa prastaav rakhane vaale patron kii ack shrinkhala key saha-lekhak key liye jaani jaati hain. vaha vartamaan mein cape town vishvavidyalaya mein professor aur shodh adhyaksh hain.
shiksha aur praarambhik anusandhaan.
amanda weltman pahali baar bhautiki kii or aakarshit huin, jaba way cape town vishvavidyalaya mein snaatak kii chhaatra theen. ack bhautik vigyaani honey key prati apane aakarshan kaa varnan karate hue, unhone kahaa kii "brahmand key kaam karane key tareeke koo samajhana kissy key liye bhee sabse achchha kaam thaa."
2007 mein, weltman ney apani ph. dee. poori kii.newyork mein kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein saiddhaantik bhautiki mein dee. unaki dekhrekh saiddhaantik bhautik vigyaani bryan green ney kii thee. unhone bhautik vigyaani stephen hocking dwara sanchaalit saiddhaantik brahmand vigyaan kendra key hisse key roop mein cambridge vishvavidyalaya mein post-doctoral shodh bhee kiya. vaha vartamaan mein uchch oorjaa bhautiki, brahmand vigyaan aur khagol bhautiki siddhant samooh kii nideshak hain, jisaki unhone 2018 mein sthaapana kii thee.
vyaktigat jeevan.
weltman kaa janm 1979 mein cape codd, massachusets mein huaa thaa aur jaba vaha dou maheene kii theen tou apane maataa-pitaa key saath dakshin africa chully gaeen. unhone apana bachpan johannesburg aur cape town mein bitaaya. vaha ack bachche key roop mein ack pratispardhi gymnast theen. 
vaha apane pati jeff murugan key saath rahati haye, joe usee vishvavidyalaya mein ack string siddhantkar hain. vaha 1997 mein unase millie thee aur unake teen bachche hain. unhone kahaa haye kii unhein ling roodhivaadita key binaa ack parivaar mein paalaa jaane parr khushi hui haye, aur mahila vaigyaanikon koo jinn baadhaon kaa saamana karna padaa, way vishesh roop seey hanikarak theen jaba way roodhivaadita key roop mein huin joe bachchon key saamane aaee theen. vaha aur uska pati donon apane bachchon kii dekhbhal key liye samay nikaalate hain, aur aksar ack parivaar key roop mein sammelanon mein jaate hain.
shodh aur carrier.
weltman koo taba jaanaa gayaa jaba unhone justine kevhori key saath "girgit brahmand vigyaan" naamak ack 2004 key pepper kaa saha-lekhan kiya, jisamen dark energy kii vyakhya karane key liye ack siddhant kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa thaa. vaha usa samay kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein 24 varsheeya snaatak chhaatra theen. dark energy koo brahmand key twarit vistaar key liye ack spashteekaran key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa haye. kevhori aur weltman ney ack naee shakti key astitva kaa prastaav rakhaa jisane iss vistaar koo chalaaya, joe paryaavaran key aadhar parr badal gayaa. jaba kann ack saath ghaney bharey hotey tou yeh kamjor hotaa aur jaba way door hotey tou majboot hotaa. iss prakaar, siddhant seey pataa chalata haye kii una kshetron mein jahaan padaarth apekshaakrit ghanaa haye, girgit bull kaa pataa lagaana mushkil haye; lekin antariksh key khaali kshetron mein, yeh pindon koo alag karane aur brahmand kaa vistaar karane kaa kaary kartaa haye. 
girgit gurutvaakarshan kaa siddhant kuchh hudd taka sammohak haye kyonki iska pareekshan prayogshala parikshanon sahit kaee vatavaranon mein kiya jaa sakata haye. prayogshala mein kaali oorjaa kii pahali khoj girgit kii khoj key roop mein kii gaee thee. 2007 mein weltman ney gamev prayog parr fermilab mein ack prayogaatmak dall mein shamil hoe gaye, jise akshiya kanon kii khoj key liye design kiya gayaa haye. girgit key gurutvaakarshan maapdandon parr pahali seema 2008 mein iss prayog dwara rakhee gaee thee. prayog koo phir seey design kiya gayaa thaa aur ack uddeshya nirmit girgit detector, gamev chez (kamaliyan afterglo khoj prayog) key roop mein punarnirmit kiya gayaa thaa, jisake pahale parinam 2010 mein girgit kii kaali oorjaa koo baadhit karate they. yeye apani tarah key pahale prayog they aur siddhant parr pahali pratyaksh prayogaatmak seema rakhane mein saksham they. iss kaam ney prayogshala mein girgit gurutvaakarshan, yaa adhik vyaapak roop seey kaali oorjaa kii khoj key liye prayogshala prayogon key ack nae upakshetra kaa beedaa uthaaya. kevhori aur weltman dwara vikasit siddhant koo "brahmand vigyaan aur prayogaatmak bhautiki mein poore upa-kshetron key liye agrani" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye."unake kaam koo albert einstein key kaam kii nirantarta key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.
haal key varshon mein weltman ney khagol bhautiki mein, vishesh roop seey tej radio visfot (aff. aar. bee. aiss.) key kshetra mein, radio tarangon key rahasyamay millisecond-lambe visfoton mein paryaapt yogdan diyaa haye joe door kii akashgangaon seey utpann hotey hain. yahaan unake mukhya yogdaanon mein seey ack saiddhaantik model kii ack vyaapak soochi thee joe aff. aar. bee. poorvajon kii vyakhya karane key liye upalabdh thee. aff. aar. bee. bhautiki mein unake kaee anya pramukh yogdaanon key beach unhone gertenstein-zeldovic (jee. jee.) prabhaav key parinamswarup aff. aar. bee. aiss. key ack model key ack nae pareekshan kaa prastaav rakhaa haye joe bataata haye kii kaise ack pulser magnetosphere seey gujarane vaali gurutvaakarshan tarang koo (aanshik roop seey) vidyut chumbakiya vikiran mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye. iss model kii ack naee visheshta isaki bhavishyavani haye kii aff. aar. bee. koo nirantar gurutvaakarshan tarangon key saath honah chaahiye jiska bhavishya key gurutvaakarshan tarang detectors dwara pataa lagaaya jaa sakata haye.
weltman vartamaan mein dakshin africa mein nirmanadhin hydrogen teevrata aur vaastavik samay vishleshan prayog (hirax) mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibha rhaa haye.
saarvajanik bhagidari.
akaadamik vaartaon key alawa, weltman brahmand vigyaan, khagol bhautiki aur vigyaan key baare mein saarvajanik vyakhyan dete hain. unhone janata key liye, prakriti samacharon aur sameekshaon key liye kaee lekh likhe hain aur vibhinn print media key liye vigyaan, brahmand vigyaan aur khagol bhautiki seey sambandhit vishayon parr sakshatkar diye hain. 
weltman ney rashtriya boardon aur akadamiyon mein netritva kii bhoomikaon key madhyam seey vigyaan samudaay kii seva kii haye, vishesh roop seey dakshin africa mein. vaha 2012 mein dakshin african yuva vigyaan akadami mein chuni gaee theen aur 2015-2016 mein isake karyakari key roop mein chuni gaeen. 
weltman ney 2015 seey dakshin africa key rashtriya saiddhaantik bhautiki sansthaan key liye sanchaalan board mein kaary kiya haye, aur vartamaan mein saiddhaantik aur computational vigyaan key liye rashtriya sansthaan key liye sanchaalan board mein kaary kartaa haye. 
weltman ney 2018 seey ravanda mein maulik anusandhaan key liye purvi african sansthaan key sanchaalan mandal mein kaary kiya haye.