
drishya ardh-vigyaan

drishya sanketniki sanketniki kaa ack upa-kshetra haye joe drishya chhaviyon key sandesh sanchaar key tareeke kaa vishleshan kartaa haye.
arth kaa adhyayan ardh-vigyaan seey vikasit hotaa haye, ack daarshanik drishtikon joe sanketon aur prateekvaad key pattern key sandarbh mein sandeshon kii vyakhya karna chaahata haye. samkaaleen sanketanshastra mein dou shaakhaaen shamil hain joe 19veen shatabdi key anta mein france aur sanyukt raajya america mein samkaaleen roop seey utpann hui theen. saahityik aur bhashai sandarbhon mein utpann, ack shakha (jise ardhvigyaan key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye) swiss bhashavid ferdinand sausur key kaam seey utpann hui. doosari shakha americi vyaavhaariktaavaadi daarshanik charles sanders pears key kaam parr vistaar karati haye.
ack sanket ack shabd, dhwani, ack sparsh yaa drishya chhavi hoe sakata haye. sosser ack sanket koo dou ghatakon mein vibhajit kartaa haih soochak, joe dhwani, chhavi yaa shabd haye, aur prateek, joe avadharana yaa arth haye joe soochak kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. sosser key liye, soochak aur sanket key beach kaa sambandh manmana aur paaramparik haye. dusare shabdon mein, sanketon kaa matlab kuchh bhee hoe sakata haye jiska humm sahmat hain kii unakaa matlab haye, saath hii saath alag-alag logon key liye alag-alag cheejen hain. 
samudri sanketan ack alag dhaarana seey kaam kartaa haye kii ack sanket kyaa haye. ack sanket kuchh aisaa haye joe ack grahansheel munn key liye kuchh aur (sanket kii vastu) key liye khadaa haye. praapt karane vaale munn parr sanket kaa prabhaav vyakhyata kehlata haye. dhyaan dein kii vyakhyata sanket kii vastu key samaan naheen hoe sakata haye (jise humm "galat samajh" kahate hain) lekin hamein iss milan yaa bemel honey key ashvasana seey hamesha key liye rokaa jaataa haye kyonki unake paas milan koo satyaapit karane kaa ekmatra tarika atirikt sanketon kaa upayog karna haye!
samudri ardh-vigyaan mein, una sanketon koo prateek kahaa jaataa haye jinka apani vastuon key saath manmana yaa paaramparik sambandh hotaa haye. lekin dou anya prakaar key sanket-vastu sambandh hain joe poori tarah seey manmaane naheen hainh prateek way sanket hain joe unaki vastuon seey milate-julate hain, aur soochkaank aise sanket hain joe kuchh vaastavik sampark yaa paryavaraniya nikatata dwara unaki vastuon seey sambandhit hain. 
belgium input.
belgium myu samooh (samooh) (1967 mein sthaapit) ney sangyanatmak aadhar parr drishya sanketniki kaa ack sanrachanaatmak sanskaran vikasit kiya, saath hii ack drishya bayanbaji bhee.
adhikansh sanket kaee staron parr kaam karate hain-prateekaatmak aur/yaa anukramik. isase pataa chalata haye kii drishya ardh-vaigyaanik vishleshan arth kii shreniyon aur ghatakon key alawa arth key padanukram koo sambodhit curr sakata haye. jaisa kii umberto iko bataata haye, "jise aamtaur parr 'sandesh' kahaa jaataa haye, vaha vaastav mein ack" paath "haye jisaki samagri ack bahustariya" pravachan "haye.
chaahe vishleshak ack sausurian yaa ack samudri drishtikon seey kaam kartaa haye, drishya granthon key ardh-vaigyaanik vishleshan mein drishya sanketon key vibhinn staron koo alag karna shamil haye taaki yeh samajha jaa sakey kii bhaag poore key arth mein kaise yogdan karate hain.
paath aur pravachan kii vyaapak avadharana atirikt shodh koo protsaahit karati haye kii drishya sanchaar arth banaane key liye kaise kaam kartaa haye. dealy bataate hain kii "ardh-vigyaan key kendra mein yeh ehsas haye kii binaa kissy apavaad key, maanav anubhav kaa puuraa hissa, ack vyakhyatmak sanrachana haye joe sanketon dwara madhyasthata aur nirantarta haye."arthvigyaan abb paryaavaran key shabdon kaa upayog karate hue vibhinn prakaar key granthon parr vichaar kartaa haye, taaki filmein, kalaa, vigyaapan aur fashion key saath-saath drishyon jaise vividh kshetron kii jaanch kii jaa sakey. dusare shabdon mein, jaisa kii burger bataate hain, "ardhvigyaan kii aavashyak safalata bhashavigyan koo ack model key roop mein lena aur bhashai avadhaaranaon koo anya ghatnaaon---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -"anudan mccrain jaise maanavvigyaani aur sidney levi jaise vipanan visheshagyon ney utpaadon key samriddh saanskritik arthon aur upabhokta upbhog vyavhaaron kaa vishleshan karane key liye ardh-vaigyaanik vyakhyaon kaa bhee upayog kiya haye.
drishya granth ardh-vaigyaanik aur vishesh roop seey vigyaapan aur television jaise drishti gahan roopon key saath kaam karane vaale vidvaanon key liye vishleshan kaa ack mahatvapurna kshetra hain kyonki chhaviyaan hamari zana sanchaar sanket pranali kaa ack kendriya hissa hain. linda scott ney itra vigyaapan key saath-saath aippal key "1984" vigyaapan mein vibhinn sandeshon key karibi reeding kaa upayog karke chhaviyon kaa punarnirmaan kiya haye jinhen vigyapanon seey vyakhya kii jaa sakati haye. shaay sere ney sugandhit vigyaapan chhaviyon aur hangri key pahale swatantra chunaav television vigyapanon mein drishya bayanbaji koo bhee ardh-vishleshan kaa upayog karke dekhaa haye. arthotics kaa upayog karate hue, arther aasaa burger ney "1984" key vaanijyik arth key saath-saath cheers aur oriented express parr hatyaa jaisi filmon jaise karyakramon kaa punarnirmaan kiya haye.
arth kii pranaaliyan, culler aur burger hamein bataate hain, saanskritik aur sanchaar utpaadon aur ghatnaaon koo sanketon key roop mein dekhkar aur phir inn sanketon key beach sambandh kaa vishleshan karke vishleshan kiya jaataa haye. sanketon kii shreniyaan aur unake beach sambandh ack pranali banaate hain. udaaharan key liye, barth ney "fashion pranali" kaa vishleshan kiya haye, aur fashion key madhyam seey sanchaar kii pranali koo dou shreniyon mein vargeekrit kiya haih chhavi vaale kapade aur varnanatmak kapade. isi tarah, ack vigyaapan kaa apana arth hotaa haye. humm ummeed karate hain kii kharidari key liye ack appeal, yaa tou seedhe yaa nihit, banaai jaayegi aur ack utpaad dikhaaya jaayega, udaaharan key liye, vigyaapan pranali key hisse key roop mein.
apani pustak key pravachanon menh bhautik duniya mein bhasha, ronn scholan aur suzi wong scholan nott karate hain kii drishya sanketaatmak kaa sambandh "boley gaye, aamane-saamane key pravachanon seey chhaviyon aur sanketon mein usa baatchit key crum key pratinidhitva" (82) mein modd key saath haye. baatchit key crum mein vibhinn samajik baatchit shamil hoti haye joe kissy bhee parivesh mein hoti haye, jaise kii akela honah, ack saathi key saath honah, ack baithak mein honah, ack show dekhana aadi., aur yeh "lagbhag hamesha jatil hotaa haye", jisamen ack baar mein honey vaali vibhinn antahkriyaaen (83) hoti hain. jaba chhaviyon kii baat aatee haye, tou scholan aur wong kahate hain, kaee sambandh bhee hotey hain. inmein ack drishya chhavi key ghatakon key beach sambandh, drishya chhavi key nirmaataon key beach sambandh, nirmaataon aur ghatakon key beach sambandh, saath hii ack chhavi key ghatakon aur unhein dekhane vaalon key beach sambandh shamil hain. yahee mukhya bindu haye.
iss antahkriya crum mein chaar mukhya ardh-pranali hain, scholan aur wong kahate hain. inmein pratibhagiyon kaa pratinidhitva, roop, rachana aur samvaadaatmak pratibhaagi shamil hain. pratibhagiyon kaa pratinidhitva ack drishya chhavi key tatva hain, aur yaa tou kathaa ("prakat honey vaale kaary aur ghatanaaen yaa... parivartan kii prakriyaaen) yaa vaichaarik (amoort, tulanaatmak yaa saamaanyikrit shreniyaan dikhaaen) (scholan aur wong 86). ack drishya chhavi vaastaviktaa key liye kitni sahee haye, aur mukhya sanketkon mein rung santripti, rung bhinnata, gaharaai, roshni aur chamak shamil hain. vidhi key saath, yeh aksar paaya jaataa haye kii "satya, sachchai, yaa imandari koo ack samaaj seey dusare samaaj mein bahut alag tarikon seey vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye", paschimi sanskritiyon key saath praakritik pratinidhitva kaa samarthan karate hue, yaa ise yathasambhav vyaktigat roop seey dekhane key liye sach (scholan aur wong 89-90).
rachana vaha tarika haye jisamen ack drishya chhavi key bheetar pratibhagiyon kaa pratinidhitva ack dusare key sambandh mein vyavasthit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen rachanaon kii teen mukhya pranaaliyan aadarsh-vaastavik (oopar seey neeche), dee gaee-naee (baaen seey daaen), aur kendra-margine sambandh (scholan aur wong 92) hoti hain. udaaharan key liye, jaba ack fast food restaraan mein ack menu padhaa jaataa haye, tou dee gaee jaankaari "hamberger" jaisi kuchh hogi, aur naee jaankaari keemat hogi, jise baaen seey daaen padhaa jaayega aur usa crum mein pahachaana jaayega. jaisa kii oopar ullekh kiya gayaa haye, samvaadaatmak pratibhaagi, schollen aur wong kii vyakhya karate hain, way vibhinn sambandh hain joe ack drishya chhavi key aspas hotey hain, jaise kii chhavi key nirmaataon aur usa chhavi mein pratinidhitva karane vaale pratibhagiyon key beach. iss tarah, yeye chaar ghatak sanketon aur prateekon key arth koo vyakt karane mein madad karane key liye ack saath kaam karate hain.
drishya ardh-vigyaan kaa sangathan.
1989 mein drishya sanketniki kaa antarrashtriya sangh banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh sangathan, ack antarrashtriya prakriti kaa honey key kaaran, teen aadhikarik bhaashaon koo maanyata detaa haih angreji, french aur spanish. yeh sangathan french aur spanish mein haih association international dee semiotic visuel aur ell association international dee semiotica visual, kramshah.
congress blois (france) 1989, bilbao (spen) 1992, berkley (california, america) 1994, saao paulo (brazil) 1996, siena (itali) 1999, cubec (kanada) 2001, mexico shahar 2003, lyon (france) 2004, istambul (turkey) 2007, venis (itali) 2010 aur buenos aayars (argentine) 2012 mein aayojit kii gaee hain.
pichhale raashtrapatiyanh jeane-mairi linkenberg (2001-2012), paolo fabry (1998-2001), enaa claudia dee olivira (1996-1998), jacks fontanil (1994-1996), fernande sent-martin (1990-1994), michel costantini (1989-1990).
drishya sanketaatmak bhee film, fashion aur vigyaapan seey judey hain. yeh sujhaav diyaa jaataa haye kii filmon mein ardh-vigyaan kaa upayog ack vishisht antarnihit vishay koo ingit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye jaise kii godzilla mein paramanu bumm.

