
antarrashtriya pratibandh

antarrashtriya pratibandh raajneetik aur aarthik nirnay hain joe deshon, bahupakshiya yaa kshetriya sangathanon dwara raajyon yaa sangathanon key khilaf rajanyik prayason kaa hissa hain yaa tou rashtriya suraksha hiton kii raksha karane key liye, yaa antarrashtriya kaanoon kii raksha karane key liye, aur antarrashtriya shaanti aur suraksha key khatron seey bachaav karane key liye. inn nirnayon mein mukhya roop seey aarthik, vyaapaar, rajanyik, saanskritik yaa anya pratibandhon (pratibandh upaayon) key lakshya parr asthaayi adhiropan shamil haye joe taba hataa diye jaate hain jaba prerak suraksha chintaaen abb lagu naheen hoti hain, yaa jaba koee nayaa khatra paida naheen hotaa haye.
sanyukt rashtra charter key adhyaay VII key anusaar, kewal sanyukt rashtra suraksha parishad key paas pratibandhon (anuchhed 41) koo lagu karane key liye antarrashtriya samudaay dwara ack janadesh haye jiska sabhi sanyukt rashtra sadasya raajyon dwara paalan kiya jaanaa chaahiye (anuchhed 2,2). way antarrashtriya shaanti aur suraksha key liye khatron koo rokane yaa unhein nipataane key liye antarrashtriya samudaay key sabse shaktishali shantipurna saadhan key roop mein kaam karate hain. pratibandhon mein sainya bull kaa upayog shamil naheen haye. haalaanki, yadi pratibandhon seey kissy sangharsh kaa rajanyik samadhan naheen hotaa haye, tou bull key upayog koo suraksha parishad dwara anuchhed 42 key tahat alag seey adhikrit kiya jaa sakata haye.
pratibandhon koo ektarafa pratibandhon key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye joe alag-alag deshon dwara apane ranneetik hiton koo aage badhaane key liye lagaae jaate hain. aam taur parr majboot aarthik jabardasti key roop mein, ektarafa pratibandhon key tahat lagu kiye gaye upaay, jabardasti rajanyik prayason, aarthik yuddh yaa yuddh kii prastaavana key beach hoe sakate hain.
kaee prakaar key pratibandh hain.
aarthik pratibandh vyaapaar pratibandhon seey alag hain, joe vishuddh roop seey aarthik karanon seey lagu hotey hain, aur aam taur parr vyaapaar parr pratibandh key bajaay shulk yaa isi tarah key upaayon kaa roop lete hain.
prakaar.
manjuri key kaaran.
pratibandhon key sutrikaran koo teen shreniyon mein design kiya gayaa haye. inn shreniyon kaa upayog adhiniyam kii vaishvik prakriti key kaaran raajneetik sandarbhon key beach antar karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
pahali shreni mein aise pratibandh shamil hain joe antarrashtriya kaanoon key saath sahyog koo majboor karane key liye banaae gaye hain. yeh padosi kuwait key praarambhik aakraman key baad 6 agast, 1990 koo prastaav 661 mein iraq parr lagaae gaye pratibandhon mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. sanyukt rashtra ney sashastr sangharsh koo rokane key prayaas mein rashtra parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. iraq parr nausena aur havaai nakabandi donon kaa nirmaan karate hue sankalp 665 aur sankalp 670 koo aage jodaa gayaa. praarambhik pratibandhon kaa uddeshya iraq koo antarrashtriya kaanoon kaa paalan karane key liye majboor karna thaa, jisamen kuwait kii maanyata praapt samprabhuta shamil thee.
design kii doosari shreni way pratibandh hain jinka uddeshya bhaugolik seema key bheetar shaanti key liye khatra koo rokna haye. 2010 kii iran paramanu prasaar bahas ack samkaaleen udaaharan haye. vartamaan sanyukt rashtra suraksha parishad ney 9 juuna, 1929 koo prastaav paarit kiya, jisamen missile aur hathiyar samagri parr pratibandh pradaan kiya gayaa, jinka upayog vinashkari hathiyaron key nirmaan key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. pratibandh kaa yeh siddhant padosi kshetra key bheetar irani aakraamakta kii sambhavana koo rokna haye.
teesari shreni mein sanyukt rashtra suraksha parishaden kissy sadasya/gair-sadasya rashtra kii vishisht kaarravaai yaa neeti key karyon kii ninda karati hain. shwet alpasankhyak ney 11 navambar, 1965 koo rhodesian swatantrata kii ghoshana kii. samanya sabhaa aur sanyukt rashtra ney 107 seey 2 maton mein sabhi sainya, aarthik, saath hii tail aur petroleum utpaadon parr rhodesia kii ninda kii. asweekriti key antarrashtriya pradarshan ney rhodesian logon parr pratibandh lagaane key liye majboor kiya, lekin aarthik pratibandhon key liye ack upaay key roop mein ack spasht lakshya key binaa.
yeye teenon shreniyaan rashtron parr pratibandh lagu honey key karanon parr ack vyaapak spashteekaran hain, lekin yeh kahane taka naheen jaataa haye kii matdan karane vaale sadasya unhein lagu karane key liye samaan raajneetik karanon koo saajha karate hain. pratibandhon koo lagu karane yaa naheen karane parr matdan karate samay kaee deshon key liye aksar ack yaa adhik shreniyon mein swa-hiton seey prerit honah hotaa haye.
aarthik pratibandh.
aarthik pratibandh vyaapaar baadhaon, shulkon aur vittiya lenden parr pratibandhon seey bhinn hoe sakate hain. iss prakaar key pratibandh vastuon parr ayaat shulk lagaate hain yaa lakshit desh mein kuchh vastuon key niryaat parr pratibandh lagaate hain, taaki aayatit vastuon koo avaruddh karane key prayaas mein lakshya key bandargaahon kii poorna nausainik nakabandi kii jaa sakey. manjuri dene vaale desh kaa uddeshya neeti mein badalaav key liye majboor karane yaa lakshit sarkaar seey ack vishisht kaarravaai praapt karane key liye lakshit desh parr mahatvapurna laagat lagaana haye. haalaanki, aarthik pratibandhon kii prabhavsheelta koo chunauti dee gaee haye, kyonki isake kathor prabhaav aam aabaadi koo adhik nuksan pahunchaate hain naa kii lakshit shasanon koo nuksan pahunchaane key liye.
rajanyik pratibandh.
rajanyik pratibandh aarthik yaa sainya sambandhon koo prabhaavit karane key bajaay rajanyik aur raajneetik madhyamon seey kissy nishchit kaarravaai parr asweekriti yaa aprasannata vyakt karane key liye kiye gaye raajneetik upaay hain. upaayon mein uchch-stariya sarkari yaatraon kii seemaaen yaa radd karna yaa rajanyik missions yaa karmchaariyon koo nishkaasit karna yaa vaapas lena shamil haye.
sainya pratibandh.
isi tarah sainya pratibandhon mein saavdhaanipoorvak lakshit sainya hamalon seey laker kissy desh kii paaramparik yaa gair-paaramparik kshamataon koo cumm karane taka, hathiyaron yaa dohare upayog kii vastuon kii aapoorti koo bund karane key liye hathiyaron parr pratibandh key cumm aakramak roop taka shamil hoe sakate hain.
khel pratibandh.
khel pratibandhon kaa upayog manovaigyaanik yuddh key ack tareeke key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, jiska uddeshya lakshit desh kii samanya aabaadi key manobal koo kuchalana haye. yugoslavia key sanghiya ganarajya key khilaf antarrashtriya pratibandhon key hisse key roop mein khel pratibandh lagaae gaye they, yuu. aine. suraksha parishad dwara prastaav 757 dwara adhiniyamit kiya gayaa thaa. 1977 mein rashtramandal rashtron dwara anumodit glenigal samjhaute ney sadasya deshon koo apane khilaadiyon aur khel sangathanon, teams yaa dakshin africa key vyaktiyon key beach sampark aur pratispardha koo hatotsaahit karane key liye pratibaddh kiya thaa. haalaanki, yeh badhyakari naheen thaa aur 1980 key british sheron key dakshin africa daure yaa 1981 key dakshin africa ragbi union key newzealand daure jaisi ghatnaaon koo rokane mein asamarth thaa. 2022 mein ukraine parr russie aakraman key dauran, kaee khel nikaayon ney roose aur bellaroos key khilaf khel pratibandh lagaae. lakshit deshon koo aamtaur parr kissy bhee khel ayojan kii mejbani karane kii anumati naheen haye aur unake jhande aur raajya prateek koo pradarshit karane kii anumati naheen haye.
paryaavaran parr pratibandh.
paryaavaran parr pratibandhon mein vyaapaar jaise aarthik aur raajneetik donon mudde shamil hain kyonki yeye sabhi ack dusare parr nirbhar hain. vyaapaar baadhaaen aur vyaapaar parr pratibandh pramukh kaarak hain kyonki way luptapray prajaatiyon, ozon-kshayakaari rasayanon aur paryaavaran kaanoonon kii samasyaon seey judey hue hain. haalaanki paryaavaran key sambandh mein pratibandh aur kaanoon apekshaakrit nae hain, lekin paryaavaran key muddon parr haal kii chintaon ney vyaktiyon aur sarkaaron koo samasyaon seey nipatane mein sakriya roop seey sahyog karane key liye protsaahit kiya.
vyaktiyon parr pratibandh.
sanyukt rashtra suraksha parishad raajneetik netaaon yaa aarthik vyaktiyon parr pratibandh lagu curr sakati haye. yeye loga aamtaur parr apane desh key bheetar raajneetik sambandhon key kaaran apani manjuri seey bachane key tareeke khojate hain.
antarrashtriya kaanoon mein pratibandh.
kabhi-kabhi yeh daavaa kiya jaataa haye kii ekal deshon yaa sanyukt rashtra jaise antar-sarkari nikaay dwara lagaae gaye pratibandh aarthik pratibandhon key mamle mein, vikas key adhikaar yaa sainya pratibandhon key mamle mein, aatmaraksha key adhikaar key kaaran "avaidh" yaa "aaparaadhik" hain.
antarrashtriya pragati sangathan kii 1996 kii ack report mein pratibandhon kii aalochana karate hue kahaa gayaa haye kii "samaaj key sabse kamjor aur sabse garib sadasyon, shishuon, bachchon, deerghakaalik roop seey beemar logon aur bujurgon koo saamoohik sajaa kaa ack avaidh roop".
upayog key liye samarthan.
pratibandh lambe samay seey vivaad kaa vishay rahey hain kyonki vidwan nagrikon parr unake prabhaav, pratibandhon koo design aur lagu karate samay shamil jaatiya kendravaad key star aur aprabhaavi honey kii sambhavana parr sawal uthaate hain.
pratibandhon key samarthakon kaa tark haye kii logon key ack samooh parr pratibandhon key prabhaavon kii parwah kiye binaa, una nagrikon koo pahale seey hii unaki sarkaar dwara utpeedit kiya jaa rhaa thaa. samarthakon kaa yeh bhee tark haye kii pratibandh sabse achchha vaikalpik antarrashtriya upkaran haye, kyonki koee kaarravaai naheen kii jaati haye, aur pratibandhon key abhaav mein, damankari shasanon koo sudhaar key liye koee protsaahan naheen milata haye.
vipaksh kii or seey, yeh kahaa jaataa haye kii pratibandh rashtravadi moolyon koo badhaava dene aur raajya kii sanskriti koo cumm karane kaa ack tarika haye. prativaad mein, samarthan kaa tark iss aadhar parr diyaa jaataa haye kii kuchh kiya jaanaa chaahiye aur kissy bhee sambhaavit saanskritik asamvedansheelta key bavjood loktaantrik shaanti siddhant koo thhos tark key roop mein uddhrit kiya jaataa haye. 
pratibandhon kii prabhavsheelta key sambandh mein, samarthak sweekaar karate hain kii bahupakshiya pratibandh 33 pratishat samay kaam karate paae gaye hain.
kissy rashtra (rashtron) parr lagaae gaye pratibandhon koo hataane aur unhein bhang karane key kaee tareeke hain. kuchh mamalon mein, jaise kii 1990 mein iraq parr lagaae gaye pratibandhon koo hataane key liye kewal ack nae prastaav kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. aisaa taba kiya jaataa haye jaba pratibandhon koo hataane key prastaav mein koee praavdhaan naheen kiya jaataa haye. yeh aam taur parr kewal tabhi kiya jaataa haye jaba sweekrit paksh ney suraksha parishad kii kuchh sharton koo apanaane kii ichcha dikhaai hoe. pratibandhon koo hataane kaa ack aur tarika yeh haye kii praarambhik manjuri key saath samay seema koo lagu kiya jaataa haye. ack vistaarit avadhi key baad, sahyog key saath yaa binaa, antatah desh seey manjuri hataa lii jaayegi. samay seemaon kaa abhyaas pichhale kuchh varshon mein badhaa haye aur cumm seey cumm aanshik roop seey, yuu jaise sweekrit nikaayon dwara lagaai gaee sharton key anuroop rashtron parr pratibandhon koo dheere-dheere hataane kii anumati detaa haye.aine. suraksha parishad.

