laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi

laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi (agalius phoenicius) icteridae parivaar kaa ack pasreen pakshi haye joe uttari america key adhikansh hisson aur madhya america key adhikansh hisson mein paaya jaataa haye. yeh paschimi ell salvador, uttar-paschimi honduras aur uttar-paschimi costa rica mein alag-alag aabaadi key saath alaska aur newfoundland dakshin seey florida, mexico kii khaadi, mexico aur gwatemala taka prajanan kartaa haye. yeh sardiyon mein uttar mein pensylvania aur british kolambiya taka hoe sakata haye, lekin uttari aabaadi aam taur parr pravaasi hoti haye, joe dakshin mein maxico aur dakshini sanyukt raajya america kii or badh rahee haye. daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii yeh uttari america mein sabse prachur matra mein jeevit bhoomi pakshi haye, kyonki sardiyon mein laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon kii pakshi-ganana janganana kabhi-kabhi darshaati haye kii dheele jhund prati jhund duss laakh seey adhik pakshi hoe sakate hain aur uttar aur madhya america mein prajanan jode kii poori sankhya charam varshon mein 25 karod seey adhik hoe sakati haye. yeh duniya mein sabse achchi adhyayan kii gaee jangli pakshi prajaatiyon mein seey ack haye. laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi yaun roop seey dwiroop haye; purush laal kandhe aur peele pankhon key saath kaalaa hotaa haye, jabaki mahila ack gair-varnit gahara bhura hotaa haye. laal pankhon vaale blackbird key aahar kaa badaa hissa beej aur keede hain.
vargeekaran.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi "agalius" vansh kii paanch prajaatiyon mein seey ack haye aur ise icteridae parivaar mein shamil kiya gayaa haye, joe uttar aur dakshin america mein paae jaane vaale pasreen pakshiyon seey banaa haye. laal pankhon vaale blackbird koo aupchaarik roop seey 1766 mein carle linius dwara apane "system naichuri" key baarahaven sanskaran mein "orealus phoenicius" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin baad mein 1816 mein luis jeane piyare vielot dwara anya americi blackbird key saath "agalius" genus mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. linius ney iss prakaar key sthaan koo "america" key roop mein nirdisht kiya thaa, lekin yeh 1928 mein charleston, dakshin carolina taka seemit thaa. genus kaa naam pracheen greek seey liya gayaa haye, jiska arth haye "gregarius". vishisht visheshan, lattin haye jiska arth haye "laal" yaa "laal". laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi laal kandhe vaale kaale pakshi ("agalius assimilis") kii ack bahan prajaati haye joe cuba key liye sthaanik haye. yeye donon prajaatiyan ack saath tirange vaale kaale pakshi ("agalius tirange") kii bahan hain joe california key prashant tata kshetra aur mexico mein oopari baajaa california mein paaee jaati hain.
pradhikaran key aadhar parr, 20 aur 24 upa-prajaatiyon key beach pehchaane jaate hain joe jyaadaatar dikhane mein kaafee samaan hain. haalaanki, dou rangon vaale kaale pakshiyon kii dou alag-alag aabaadi hain joe kaafee vishisht hainh "aeye. pee. california kaa california aur aeye. pee. kendriya mexico key governor. inn dou aabaadi aur laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon key beach vargeekaran aur sambandh abhee bhee spasht naheen hain. maxican pathaar kii upa-prajaati mein laal pankhon vaale blackbird key adhikansh roopon mein samaantaon key bavjood, "aeye. pee. governor, "maadaa kii nus bahut cumm hoe jaati haye aur galey taka seemit hoti haye; baaki pankh bahut gahare bhoore rung key hotey hain, aur europeeya laal pankh aur purani duniya key aam kaale pakshi seey alag parivaar mein bhee hotey hain, joe thrush (turdidae) hotey hain. california upa-prajaati mein, "aeye. pee. california "aur" aeye. pee. myeliardorum", mahila namoonon kii nus bhee ack chhoti satah koo cover karati haye aur pankh gahare bhoore rung key hotey hain, halanki "governor" grade mein naheen hotey hain; aur isaki supersiliary soochi bhee anupasthit yaa kharaab vikasit haye. purush upa-prajaati "myeliardorum", "californicus", "aseculates", "neutralis" aur "gubbernator" mein pankhon parr peele rung kii patti kii kamee hoti haye joe anya upa-prajaati key adhikansh purush sadasyon mein maujood hoti haye. laal kandhe vaale blackbird koo pahale laal pankhon vaale blackbird kii upa-prajaati maanaa jaataa thaa. way 1997 mein americi pakshi vigyaani sangh dwara vibhajit kiye gaye they.
neeche soochibaddh laal-pankhon vaali blackbird upa-prajaatiyan aur upa-prajaatiyon key samooh hain jinhen janwari 2014 key roop mein unake sambandhit vitaran kshetron aur unake sheetkaleen quarters key sthaan key saath maanyata praapt haih
varnan.
laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi kaa samanya naam mukhya roop seey kaale vayask purush key vishisht laal kandhe key dhabbon, yaa "appollet" seey liya gayaa haye, joe pakshi key udane yaa pradarshit honey parr dikhaai dete hain. aaraam mein, purush bhee ack peela pankh dikhaata haye. ack varsh seey cumm umr key purushon key dhabbe, aam taur parr adheenasth, vayaskon kii tulanaa mein chhote aur adhik narangi hotey hain. maadaa kaali-bhoore rung kii hoti haye aur neeche pealy hoti haye. maadaa purush seey chhoti hoti haye, lambi aur vajan mein, usaki lambai aur vajan key mukabale. sabse chhoti maadaon kaa vajan utanaa hii cumm hoe sakata haye jitna kii sabse badey narr kaa vajan utanaa hii hoe sakata haye. pratyek pankh poonchh key maap, pulmen key maap aur tarsus key maap seey laker hoe sakata haye. maadaa key oopari bhaag bhoore rung key hotey hain, jabaki nichale bhaag ack teevra safed aur gahare nus seey dhake hotey hain; ack safed supersiliary soochi bhee prastut kartaa haye. crofford (1977) key anusaar, maadaaen kandhon parr salmon-gulabi daag aur chehare parr aur isake neeche ack halke gulabi rung kaa pradarshan karati hain jaba way ack saal kii hoti hain, jabaki badee maadaaen aamtaur parr kandhon parr adhik laal rung kaa daag aur chehare parr aur neeche ack gahara gulabi rung dikhaati hain. kaid mein mahilaaon mein tippaniyon seey sanket milata haye kii ghonsala chhodane key baad inke kandhon parr peele rung kaa rung maujood hotaa haye, kii pankhon key parivartan key baad pahale sardiyon key plumage key saath varnak kii sandrata badh jaati haye aur peele seey narangi rung mein maarg aam taur parr doosari garmiyon mein dusare sardiyon key plumage key adhigrahan key saath hotaa haye, jisake baad pankhon key rung mein koee aur parivartan naheen hotaa haye. mahila kii umr key saath satah parr pankh parr rangeen kshetra badhata haye, aur unake pahale varsh mein purushon key samaan bhoore seey laker chamkile laal-narangi taka kii teevrata mein bhinn hotaa haye.
yuva pakshi maadaa seey milate-julate hain, lekin neeche peele hotey hain aur unake pankh kinare hotey hain. donon lingon kaa ack teevra nukila bill hotaa haye. poonchh madhyam lambai kii hoti haye aur goal hoti haye. aankhen, bill aur pair sabhi kaale hain. adhikansh uttari americi passerin key vipareet joe apane jeevan key pahale varsh mein apane vayask pankh vikasit karate hain taaki ack saal kaa aur sabse purana vyakti prajanan key mausam mein aprabhedya hoe, laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi aisaa naheen kartaa haye. yeh apane janm key baad varsh key prajanan mausam key baad hii apane vayask plumage koo praapt kartaa haye jaba yeh terah seey pandrah maheene kii umr key beach hotaa haye. yuva purush ack sankraman charan seey gujarate hain jisamen vayaskon key sabse teevra swar koo praapt karane seey pahale pankhon key dhabbon kaa narangi rung hotaa haye.
purush lambai key beach maapata haye, jabaki mahila maapati haye. isake pankh lagbhag beach mein hain. purush aur pair donon, panje aur aankhen kaali hoti hain; mahila kii chonch gahare bhoore rung kii hoti haye aur oopari aadhe hisse mein neeche saaf hoti haye, aur poonchh madhyam lambai aur goal hoti haye. anya prajaatiyon mein bahupatneetva maujood haye, laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi pankhon aur aakar donon mein kaafee yaun dwiroopata pradarshit kartaa haye, purushon kaa vajan 65 aur 80 graam key beach hotaa haye aur maadaon kaa vajan lagbhag 35 graam hotaa haye. narr maadaon kii tulanaa mein 50 pratishat bhaari hotey hain, isake raikhik aayamon mein 20 pratishat badey hotey hain, aur apane pankhon kii lambai kii tulanaa mein 20 pratishat badey hotey hain. gair-ack-vaimanik ichterid prajaatiyon key aakar mein adhik dwiroopata kii pravritti ingit karati haye kii yaun chayan key kaaran purushon kaa badaa aakar vikasit huaa haye.
purush america key sudur paschim koo chhodkar achook haye, jahan tirange vaalaa kaalaa pakshi paaya jaataa haye. usa prajaati key naron key paas gahare laal rung kaa ack appollet hotaa haye jisaki dhaar safed hoti haye, peele rung kii naheen. tirange, dou rung, laal kandhe aur laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon kii maadaon koo una kshetron mein pahachaanana mushkil hoe sakata haye jahaan ack seey adhik roop hotey hain. udaan mein, jaba kshetra key nishan aasaani seey naheen dekhe jaate hain, tou laal pankhon vaale blackbird koo cumm nikatata seey sambandhit icoterid jaise kii samanya grackle aur braun-haid coubard seey isake alag-alag sylhoot aur lahardaar udaan seey alag kiya jaa sakata haye.
laal dhabbe aur peele patton kaa daag.
dou keeto-carotenoid-ack keaton samooh key saath carotenoid-pakshiyon dwara swayam sanshleshit laal-arthaat estaxanthin aur canthaxanthin-pankh key dhabbon key ujjwal laal rung key liye jimmedaar hain, lekin dou peele aahar agradoot varnak-lutein aur zexanthin-laal pankhon mein madhyam uchch sandrata mein bhee maujood hain. estaxanthin adhik prachur matra mein carotenoid (kull kaa 35 pratishat) haye, isake baad lutein (28 pratishat), canthexanthin (23 pratishat) aur zexanthin (12 pratishat) haye. rangeen pankhon mein aahar agraduton aur chayapachaya vyutpannon kaa aisaa santulit sanyojan kaafee asamanya haye, naa kewal ack poori prajaati key bheetar balki vyaktiyon aur vishesh pankhon mein bhee.
ack prayog mein carotenoid koo hataane key baad, laal pankhon ney gahara bhura rung praapt curr liya. aisaa isaliye haye kyonki rangeen sthaan key pankhon key barbles mein melanine varnak hotey hain-mukhya roop seey eumelanin, joe sabhi melanine key 83 pratishat key barabar thaa, lekin carotenoid key lagbhag barabar sandrata mein pheomelanin bhee hotaa haye, joe carotenoid-adharit sajawati plumage key liye ack durlabh visheshta prateet hoti haye. doosari or, purushon kii pealy dhaariyon key pankh carotenoid seey rahit hotey hain-sivaay kabhi-kabhi jaba way chhoti matra mein varnakon seey praapt gulabi rung key saath dikhaai dete hain-aur sabhi melanine kii 82 pratishat pheomelanin kii uchch sandrata prastut karate hain. peele rung kii patti mein melanine kii sandrata laal dhabbe kii tulanaa mein aur bhee adhik hoti haye.
pankhon key dhabbon kii bhoomika.
yeye nishan kshetra kii raksha mein mahatvapurna hain. badey dhabbon vaale purush apane gair-kshetriya pratidvandiyon kaa peechha karane mein adhik prabhaavi hotey hain aur pakshiyon key bheetar pratiyogitaon mein adhik safal hotey hain. jaba ack prayog key hisse key roop mein laal kandhe key dhabbon koo kaalaa rung diyaa gayaa thaa, tou 64 pratishat purushon ney apane kshetra khou diye, jabaki kewal 8 pratishat niyantran vishayon ney kiya. haalaanki, jinn purushon key pankhon koo milaane seey pahale rangaa gayaa thaa, way abhee bhee mahilaaon koo aakarshit curr sakate they aur safaltapurvak prajanan curr sakate they. laal pankhon vaale blackbird mein, pankhon parr dhabbe purushon key beach khatare kaa sanket hain aur antarlingi muthbhedon mein, yadi koee hoe, tou unaki ack mahatvapurna bhoomika naheen haye. isaliye, antarlingi chayan seey judey dabaavon kii pratikriya mein dhabbe vikasit honey kii sambhavana haye. isake alawa, naa tou aakar aur naa hii usee kaa rung una mahilaaon key saath purushon kii prajanan safalata seey judaa huaa haye joe unaki saathi naheen hain, yaani jinake saath way antatah sambhog karate hain. yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii mahilaaon key mamle mein bhee, kandhe key dhabbon mein ack parivartansheel rung key vikas key liye sabse achchi vyakhya yeh haye kii unaki teevrata unake beach aakramak muthbhedon mein unaki shaaririk sthiti koo ingit karati haye.
yeh tathya kii maadaa laal-pankhon vaale kaale pakshi purush pankhon key dhabbon key aakar aur rung mein lagaatar parivartansheelta kaa upayog karate hue dikhaai naheen dete hain, jaba ack saathi kaa chayan carotenoid pigmentation sajawati pankhon kii classic bhoomika key vipareet hotaa haye, joe jyaadaatar ack jode key aakarshan mein upayog kiya jaataa haye. badale mein, pratidvandi purushon key khilaf aakraamakta aur samajik sthiti key sanket key roop mein iska upayog carotenoid aabhushanon mein ack samanya visheshta naheen haye. doosari or, melanine kii prachurta vaale aabhushanon kii pakshiyon kii aabaadi mein sthiti key sanketak key roop mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika hoti haye, isaliye laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon key dhabbe carotenoid kii tulanaa mein melanine key aabhushanon key roop mein adhik kaam karate hain.
swar.
laal pankhon vaale blackbird kii coll ack galey vaali "check" aur ack uchch dhundhali ct haye, '. purush kaa geet, usake laal kandhe key dhabbon key pradarshan key saath, ack kharonch haye, sivaay isake kii kaee paschimi pakshiyon mein, jisamen dou rung key kaale pakshi bhee shamil hain, yeh 'haye. mahila bhee gaati haye, aamtaur parr ack gaali-galauj '.
pankhon kaa moult.
pankhon key moulting kii sabse mahatvapurna avadhi agast key anta seey sitambar kii shuruat taka chalati haye. jaba udaan mein dekhaa jaataa haye, tou way ack galat yaa "patang khaane" vaale roop mein dikhaai dete hain aur aam taur parr dheemi aur adhik shramsadhya yatra karate hain. kaee remigs yaa rectories kii kamee key kaaran unaki gatishilata cumm hoe jaati haye yaa yeye poori tarah seey navinikrit naheen hotey hain. adhikansh laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi octuber taka lagbhag poori tarah seey chaley gaye hain. taba taka, kuchh pakshiyon ney rajdhani kshetra key pankhon key moult koo puuraa naheen kiya haye aur poonchh key kendra key helman aur aantarik maadhyamik ankur kewal aanshik roop seey fully seey ubhare hain. lagbhag sabhi vyaktiyon ney octuber key madhya taka apane moult poore curr liye hain.
jaba taka dou baahari praathamik ankurit aur dou aantarik yaa kendriya rectric apane vikas kaa cumm seey cumm dou-tihai puuraa naheen curr lete, taba taka pakshi sardiyon key quarter mein apana pravaas shuru naheen karate hain. isaliye, moulting, vishesh roop seey remigs aur rectricks key pratisthaapan, aur laal pankhon vaale blackbird mein patan key pravaas key beach ack sambandh haye.
plumage aur moult kaa anukram.
iss tathya key bavjood kii narr key pankhon parr bhoore yaa safed rung key sire moult key thheek baad badey hotey hain aur way poore varsh kharaab hoe jaate hain, vasant mein pankhon parr inn gair-kaale rung key sire key aakar key sambandh mein vyakti kaafee bhinn hotey hain.
pankhon key pankh.
pankhon key pankhon koo poori tarah seey badalane mein lagbhag aathh saptah lagate hain. haalaanki, apane pahale varsh mein pakshi aksar kishore-pashchaat key baad kuchh under-wing cover aur kishore tritiyak remigs koo banaae rakhate hain. octuber key antim saptah key dauran pareekshan kiye gaye sattar aparipakva purushon mein seey, isane 70 pratishat puraane nichale praathamik kambal banaae rakhe. jyaadaatar mamalon mein jahaan gupt pankhon kaa aanshik pratisthaapan hotaa haye, yeh nikatvarti aavaran haye jise pakshi barkarar rakhta haye.
smriti.
praathamik remigs moult karane vaale pahale pankhon mein seey ack hain. inn pankhon kaa moult niyamit roop seey sabse bheetari praathamik seey-praathamik i-sabse baahari-praathamik ix taka jaataa haye. 1 octuber taka, adhikansh pakshiyon ney yaa tou teen nae baahari praathamik-vii, viii aur ix-praapt curr liye hain yaa way vikas key kuchh unnat charan mein hain. nae praathamik jharanon key vikas key puuraa honey kii ausat tithiyaan hainh praathamik key liye 15 agast; praathamik key liye 1 sitambar, praathamik key liye 2-5 sitambar, praathamik key liye 5 sitambar aur praathamik key liye 5 sitambar aur praathamik key liye 5 octuber.
dwiteeyak remigs kaa moulting sabse baahari-maadhyamik i-seey shuru hotaa haye aur ander kii or maadhyamik vi kii or badhata haye. maadhyamik aavaran usee samay key aspas dikhaai detaa haye jaba sabhi maadhyamik aavaranon koo badal diyaa gayaa haye aur shayed hii kabhi madhya agast seey pahale. octuber kii shuruat taka inn pankhon kaa poori tarah seey navinikaran naheen kiya jaataa haye.
tritiyak remigs kaa moult maadhyamik remigs key samaan hii cumm yaa jyada shuru hotaa haye. madhya tritiyak pahale aataa haye, usake baad aantarik tritiyak aataa haye. donon pankh aksar baahari tritiyak aavaran koo chhodane seey pahale phir seey achchi tarah seey vikasit hotey hain.
pankhon aur alula koo dhaka dein.
pramukh praathamik kambal apane-apane praathamik jharanon key saath badale jaate hain. pramukh praathamik coat key vipareet, pramukh maadhyamik coat maadhyamik spruce kii tulanaa mein pahale moult karate hain. inn pankhon kaa moulting teji seey hotaa haye, jinamen seey kaee vikas key ack hii charan mein ack saath hotey hain. inn pankhon mein moult kii pragati baahar seey ander taka hoti haye, jaisa kii maadhyamik remigs mein hotaa haye. adhikansh pakshiyon ney 15 agast koo maadhyamik aavaran kaa parivartan puuraa curr liya haye, usa samay cumm yaa jyada kewal maadhyamik aavaran remiz hii saraahaniya haye.
chhote aavaranon kaa moulting jaldi shuru hoe jaataa haye, aksar girane vaale pahale pankh hotey hain. kishore purush mein moulting kii shuruat vishesh roop seey dhyaan dene yogya haye kyonki isamen chhote aavaranon kaa pratisthaapan shamil haye aur isake parinamswarup laal yaa narangi pankh kii sthiti dikhaai detee haye. nae pankh kaa sthaan pankh key iss kshetra mein peele-bhoore rung key kishore pankh key saath teji seey vipareet haye. chhote kambal kii chaal aam taur parr 1 sitambar taka poori hoe gaee haye.
alula pankh antim teen praathamik ankuran key lagbhag usee samay apane vikas koo puuraa karate hain. agra-bhuja kii oopari yaa baahari satah parr seemant aavaran, joe alula key neeche sthit haye, lagbhag usee samay girata haye jaba praathamik remix vi koo badala jaa rhaa haye.
pankhon key neeche seey modane key liye pahale pankh agra-bhuja key neeche seemant aavaran hotey hain. inn pankhon kaa girna lagbhag usee samay shuru hotaa haye jaba praathamik remix IV girata haye aur usake baad nichale madhya praathamik aur nichale madhya maadhyamik coat kaa hotaa haye. nichale madhya maadhyamik kambal key moulting kii pragati baahar seey ander taka hoti haye, jabaki nichale madhya praathamik chataai kii pragati aniyamit yaa lagbhag ack saath prateet hoti haye. praathamik remigs viii aur ix seey pahale madhya nimn aavaran moult. pramukh nimn praathamik aavaran aur pramukh nimn maadhyamik aavaran antim roop seey hotey hain. inn antim pankhon key moulting kii pragati praathamik aur maadhyamik ankuron key samaan haye, joe kramshah ander seey baahar aur baahar seey ander haye.
pravaah aur poonji kalam.
kaudal pankhon mein patwar yaa rectricks pankh aur oopari aur nichali poonchh shamil hoti haye. rectricks seey pahale poonchh key aavaran girane lagate hain. aam taur parr, oopari poonchh key aavaran pahale girane lagate hain. agast key teesare saptah key anta taka kuchh pakshi kuchh rectric khou dete hain. kataar key kendra mein helman antim rectories hain jinka navinikaran kiya jaanaa haye.
rajdhani kshetra mein moulting mein dher key pankhon aur sir key kinaaron koo badalana shamil haye. yeh shareer key antim hisson mein seey ack haye joe pankh pratisthaapan shuru kartaa haye, lekin adhikansh badey pankhon kaa navinikaran maadhyamik pankhon, poonchh key pankhon aur under-wing pankhon seey pahale puuraa hoe jaataa haye. iss kshetra mein moult kii shuruat praathamik remiz vee yaa vi key vikas kii shuruat key saath mell khaati haye. kuchh vyaktiyon ney agast key madhya taka rajdhani key pankhon koo badalana shuru curr diyaa haye. moult pilus seey shuru hotaa haye aur ise puuraa karane key liye rajdhani kshetra key antim kshetron mein aankh kii patti aur gaal (malar kshetra) hotey hain.
anya kalam.
kuchh pakshiyon mein, nilay pankhon mein moult key pahale sanket julaai key antim dinon key dauran dikhaai dete hain, jaba paarshv key poorv bhaag key pankh girane lagate hain. vahaan seey, moult kinaaron key saath peechhe kii or aur galey aur thhodi kii or aage badhata haye. antim nilay pankh jinhen badala jaanaa haye way pett key kendra kii or hain. prishthiya pankhon kaa moult agast key pahale saptah key aspas shuru hotaa haye. yeh mootrashay seey shuru hotaa haye, oopari peeth kii or badhata haye, aur phir garbhashay grieva kshetra mein jaataa haye.
humoural plume mein moulting kaa sabse pahala saboot julaai key antim dinon seey mell khaata haye. moult poorvavarti kshetra seey peechhe kii or aataa haye. femral pankhon kaa parivartan humoural pankhon kii tulanaa mein baad mein shuru hotaa haye. haalaanki, pragati samaan haye. pankhon key pankhon kaa pratisthaapan shayed hii kabhi 15 agast seey pahale shuru hotaa haye. pragati aam taur parr tibia key sameepavarti chhor seey tarsometarsal kshetra taka hoti haye.
vitaran aur nivaas sthaan.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi shushk registan, uchch parvat shrinkhalaon aur archtic yaa ghaney vanaropan kshetron koo chhodkar poore uttari america mein vyaapak roop seey faila huaa haye. yeh uttar-paschim mein madhya-purvi alaska aur yukon seey, aur uttar-poorv mein newfoundland seey, dakshin mein uttari costa rica taka, aur atlantic seey prashant taka prajanan kartaa haye. uttari aabaadi dakshini sanyukt raajya mein pravaas karati haye, lekin joe vahaan prajanan karate hain, mexico mein aur madhya america mein way gatiheen hain. iss shrinkhala key uttari ilaakon mein laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi pravaasi hain, joe dakshini sanyukt raajya america aur madhya america mein sardiyon kaa samay bitaate hain. pravaas sitambar yaa octuber mein shuru hotaa haye, lekin kabhi-kabhi agast key roop mein jaldi. paschimi aur madhya america mein, aabaadi aam taur parr gair-pravaasi hoti haye.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi khule ghaas vaale kshetron mein rahata haye. yeh aam taur parr ardrabhoomi pasand kartaa haye, aur taaje paani aur khaare paani donon daldal mein rahata haye, vishesh roop seey yadi catell maujood haye. yeh sookhe oopari ilaakon mein bhee paaya jaataa haye, jahan yeh ghaas key maidanon, ghaas key maidanon aur puraane kheton mein rahata haye. apane vitaran kshetra key ack badey hisse mein, yeh daldali ilaakon mein sabse prachur matra mein pasreen pakshi kaa gathan kartaa haye jisamen yeh ghonsala banaata haye. yeh una kshetron mein bhee maujood haye jahan bahut adhik paani naheen haye, jahan yeh khule kheton mein rahata haye-aksar krishi kshetra-aur viral parnapaati vann.
paschimi tensi mein milan key paas, 1975-1976 kii sardiyon mein, laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon koo ack mishrit ghaas mein aaraam karate hue dekhaa gayaa joe janwari aur farwari kii shuruat mein 4.5 hectare peele cheed (pinus taida) key vrikshaaropan mein ack karod 10 laakh logon key ghar mein aaya thaa, joe dinn key dauran soyabean key kheton mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, kyonki yeye kshetra mein nivaas kaa kewal 21 pratishat they aur inn kheton mein maujood anya pakshi prajaatiyan aam taur parr naheen dekhi gaee theen; way makai key kheton mein bhee aam theen. sardiyon key badhane key saath-saath feedlot mein pakshi kii upasthiti mein vriddhi hui haye, lekin gaayon aur sooaron key feedlot mein darj isterids aur starling kaa 5 pratishat seey bhee cumm hissa, way bhoore sir vaale coubard, aam grackle aur aam starling kii tulanaa mein bahut durlabh they.
prajanan key mausam key dauran awas prakaron dwara vareeyataaen.
prajanan key mausam key dauran, prajanan vayaskon kaa ghanatva uchch bhoomi key kheton kii tulanaa mein daldali ilaakon mein bahut adhik hotaa haye. haalaanki laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi kii sabse adhik sandrata daldali ilaakon mein paaee jaati haye, unamen seey adhikansh uchch bhoomi key aavason mein ghonsale banaate hain kyonki way bahut adhik matra mein hotey hain. 1964 aur 1968 key beach ohiyo key wood county mein kiye gaye ack adhyayan mein ardrabhoomi nivaas mein kshetriya purushon kaa ghanatva uchchabhoomi nivaas sthaan seey 2.89 gunaa adhik paaya gayaa. lekin, ardrabhoomi nivaas kii chhoti matra key kaaran, kshetriya purushon kii kull anumaanit uchch bhoomi aabaadi
ardrabhoomi kii aabaadi kaa 2.14 gunaa thaa. alfalfa ("medicago sativa") aur anya falidar fasalen (ghaas) county mein prajanan laal pankhon key liye pramukh nivaas sthaan they. ardrabhoomi aavason key liye chihnit prathamikta key bavjood, uchch bhoomi mein adhik aabaadi ardrabhoomi kii kamee koo darshaati haye.
prajanan key mausam key dauran vanaspati prakaar kii praathamiktaaen.
usee adhyayan mein, uchch bhoomi key aavason mein prajanan vyaktiyon ney "flium pretence", "dectillis glomerata", "poa" spp jaisi purani aur naee ghaason key liye thodi see vareeyata kaa pradarshan kiya., "festuca" spp., aur "bromus" spp. prajanan mausam key shuruati bhaag mein aur madhya aur anta mausam mein nae gair-graminoid jadee-bootiyon vaale paudhe. ardrabhoomi mein, way lagaatar puraane aur nae chaude patte vaale monocotyldon, mukhya roop seey "carrex" spp, chaude patte aur "typha" spp koo pasand karate they, aur lagaatar puraane aur nae sankeern-patte vaale monocott, mukhya roop seey sankeern-patte vaale "falaris arundinasia" aur "callagrostis canadensis", aur gair-graminoid jadee-bootiyon koo aswikar karate they. uchch bhoomi mein prajanan karane vaale laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon ney kewal aprail seey maee taka prajanan mausam key shuruati hisse mein purani lambi vanaspati kaa paksh liya, aur prajanan key poore mausam mein uchch naee vanaspati aur ghanee vanaspati kaa paksh liya. apane hisse key liye, joe ardrabhoomi mein buss gaye they, way lambi purani vanaspati key liye thodaa jhukaav rakhate they. prajanan key mausam key dauran, yeh prajaati lambi vanaspati kii or aakarshit hoti haye joe drishyata koo seemit karati haye.
uchch bhoomi mein puraane ghaas key maidanon aur ardrabhoomi mein puraane chaude patte vaale monocotyldon key liye praarambhik mausam kii praathamiktaaen seedhi avashisht vanaspati key mahatva kii or ishara karati hain. ardrabhoomi mein uchch bhoomi ghaas aur chaude patte vaale monocott aanshik roop seey urdhvaadhar roop seey khade hotey hain aur vasant ritu kii shuruat mein aasaani seey dikhaai dete hain, clover, ardrabhoomi mein sankeern-patte vaale monocotyledon aur adhikansh gair-graminoid jadee-bootiyon key paudhon key vipareet. puraane alfalfa paudhe bhee vasant ritu kii shuruat mein aanshik roop seey seedhe hotey hain, lekin way purani ghaas kii tarah lagaatar ack prajaati naheen chune jaate hain. kshetriya gatividhi kii shuruat pahale hoti haye jaba avashisht vanaspati kii matra badee hoti haye. ghonsale banaane key liye vanaspati sanrachanaatmak shakti bhee mahatvapurna prateet hoti haye kyonki maadaaen prajanan key poore mausam mein ardrabhoomi mein chaude patte vaale monocotyledon aur madhya seey anta key mausam mein nae gair-graminoid jadee-bootiyon vaale paudhon kii pravritti rakhti hain.
dakshin-paschimi mishigan mein, vibhinn talabon mein catell key tanon kaa ghanatva prajanan vayaskon kii ekagrata seey sakaratmak roop seey sambandhit thaa. haalaanki, anya adhyayanon ney adhik bikhare hue vanaspati key liye ack pravritti kaa pataa lagaaya. ack ney paaya kii laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon ney daldali renein ("pantanos chivirance") seey parhej kiya, joe iss prajaati key ghonsale mein ack aam shikari haye, joe adhik faili hui vanaspati key beach prajanan kartaa haye, jise adhik aasaani seey chivirin seey bachaaya jaa sakata thaa; isake vipareet, chivirin ghanee vanaspati koo pasand karate hain, jahaan way laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi kii aakraamakta seey bachane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain; ack prajaati aur doosari prajaati key beach nivaas sthaan chayan mein inn antaron key parinamswarup unake prajanan kshetron key sthaanik algaav mein parinam huaa. doosari or, laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi motey tanon vaale paudhon aur chhoti-chhoti vanaspatiyon kaa vikalp chunate hain.
vyavhaar.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi kshetriya, bahuvivaah, milansar aur ack chhoti doori kaa pravaasi pakshi haye. isaki udaan kaa tarika vishisht haye, jisamen teji seey pankh vaale flap gliding udaan kii sankshipt avadhi dwara viramit hotey hain. purushon kaa vyavhaar unaki upasthiti koo aasaani seey samajhata haih way pedon, jhaadiyon, baad, telephone lines aadi jaise oonche sthaanon parr rahate hain. maadaaen cumm rahati hain, vanaspati key madhyam seey ghoomati hain aur apane ghonsale banaati hain. way ghar key bageechon mein paae jaa sakate hain, vishesh roop seey unake pravaas key dauran, yadi beej jameen parr bikhare hue hain. vann key parde dinn key dauran vishram sthal key roop mein kaam karate hain.
vasant ritu kii shuruat mein apani pahali upasthiti key baad kaee hafton taka, laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi aam taur parr poori tarah seey narr key jhund mein dekhe jaate hain. una dinon key dauran, way shayed hii kabhi apane prajanan sthalon parr dekhe jaate hain, sivaay subah aur dopahar key anta koo chhodkar. dinn key adhikansh shesh ghanton mein, way aksar khuli aur aksar oonchi krishi bhoomi parr rahate hain, jahan way mukhya roop seey anaaj kii parali aur ghaas key kheton koo khaate hain. jaba way khaate samay pareshan hotey hain, tou way nikatatam parnapaati pedon parr udate hain aur utarane key turant baad way gaanaa shuru curr dete hain.
bhojan.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi sarvabhakshi haye. yeh mukhya roop seey paudhon kii samagri parr bhojan kartaa haye, jisamen kharpatwar key beej aur makai aur chawal jaise apashisht anaaj shamil hain, lekin isake aahar key lagbhag ack chauthai mein keede aur anya chhote janwar hotey hain, aur prajanan key mausam key dauran kaafee adhik. yeh ajgar, maadaa, titaliyaan, patang aur makkhiyon jaise keedon koo pasand kartaa haye, lekin ghonghe, mendhak, andey, carrion, keede, makadiyan, molsk kaa bhee sevan kartaa haye. laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi paudhon seey unhein uthaakar yaa udaan mein unhein pakadkar keeton key liye chaara banaata haye. kabhi-kabhi keede apane chhote chonch key saath jaleey paudhon key aadharon kii khoj karke, ander chhipe hue keedon taka pahunchane key liye chhed kholkar praapt kiye jaate hain. jaleey keede, vishesh roop seey ubharate hue odonet, laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon key aahar mein bahut mahatvapurna hain joe daldal mein prajanan karate hain. yeye pakshi aam taur parr odonet koo pakadate hain jaba larva paani seey ack paudhe key taney parr chadhate hain, apane exuvia seey chhutkara paate hain, aur vanaspati seey chipak jaate hain jabaki unake exoskeleton kathor hoe jaate hain. aavadhik sikada key udbhav key varshon mein, yeh bhojan kii ack adhik matra pradaan kartaa haye. mausam mein, way blueberry, blackberry aur anya phal bhee khaate hain. edward haau nobush key anusaar, jaba way vasant mein uttar mein pahunchate hain, tou way kheton aur ghaas key maidanon mein bhojan karate hain. phir, way hull kaa anusaran karate hain, larva, kenchuon aur caterpillar koo ikattha karate hain joe ujagar hoe jaate hain, aur yadi ack phal key bageeche mein peliekrita vernata caterpillar kii plaig hoti haye, tou yeye pakshi unhein apane choojon key liye laane key liye ack kilometres udenge.
mausam mein, yeh blueberry, blackberry aur anya phal khaata haye. inn pakshiyon koo rotty aur beej mishran aur soot dwara pichwade key pakshi chaare key liye lubhaaya jaa sakata haye. garmiyon key anta mein aur sharad ritu mein, laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi khule kheton mein khaayega, jisamen chokar, coubard aur jhund mein starlings mill jaayenge, jinaki sankhya hajaaron mein hoe sakati haye. yeh makai koo taba khaata haye jaba yeh paripakva hoe rhaa hotaa haye; ack baar anaaj kathor hoe jaane key baad yeh iss pakshi seey apekshaakrit surakshit haye, kyonki isaki chonch aur paachan tantra kathor aur poore makai key anaaj key sevan key liye anukoolit naheen hain, samanya chokar key vipareet, jisamen lambi aur majboot chonch hoti haye. donon lingon key vyaktiyon key pett key adhyayan seey pataa chalata haye kii purush adhik matra mein fasal key anaaj kaa sevan karate hain, jabaki mahilaaen apekshaakrit adhik matra mein jadee-bootiyon key beej aur pashu padaarth kaa sevan karati hain. 1975-1976 kii sardiyon mein, milan key paas, paschimi tensi, makai aur jadee-bootiyon key beej laal pankhon vaale blackbird dwara khaae jaane vaale mukhya khaadya padaarth they. jinn jadee-bootiyon key beej aamtaur parr khaae jaate they, way they "jwaar key hulpense", "zanthium strumerium", "digitaria ischemum", "sporobolus" spp., "bahubhuj" spp. aur "amaranthus" spp.
prajanan.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi dheeli coloniyon mein ghonsala banaata haye. ghonsala katail, dhulai, ghaas, sez, yaa elder yaa vilo jhaadiyon mein banaaya jaataa haye. teen seey chhah dinon key dauran poori tarah seey maadaa dwara ghonsala banaaya jaataa haye. yeh ghaas, sez aur kaaee kii ack tokri haye, joe mitty seey panktibaddh haye, aur aspas kii ghaas yaa shaakhaon seey bandhi hui haye. yeh paani key oopar sthit haye.
ack clutch mein teen yaa chaar, shayed hii kabhi paanch, andey hotey hain. andey andakar, chikane aur thode chamakdaar hotey hain aur maapate hain. way halke neele harey rung key hotey hain, jinhen bhoore, baingani aur/yaa kaale rung seey chihnit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen andey key badey chhor key aspas adhikansh nishan hotey hain. yeye akele maadaa dwara ushmaayit kiye jaate hain, aur 11 seey 12 dinon mein andey seey nikalate hain. laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi andhe aur nagna hotey hain, lekin andey seey nikalane key 11 seey 14 dinon baad ghonsala chhodane key liye taiyar hotey hain.
laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi bahuvivaah hotey hain, jinamen kshetriya narr 10 mahilaaon taka kaa bachaav karate hain. haalaanki, mahilaaen aksar apane samajik saathi key alawa anya purushon key saath sambhog karati hain aur aksar mishrit pitritva key changul mein rahati hain. jode pratyek clutch key liye ack nae ghonsale mein prati mausam dou yaa teen changul uthaate hain.
laal pankhon vaale blackbird kaa prajanan mausam lagbhag aprail key anta seey julaai key anta taka faila hotaa haye. doosari or, vibhinn raajyon mein anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii jiss avadhi mein sakriya ghonsale mein andey hotey they, vaha aprail key anta aur agast key anta mein shuru hotey they; aur uttari louisiana mein ghonsale aprail key anta seey julaai key anta taka choojon koo aashray dete paae gaye they. ghonsale key mausam kaa shikhar (sakriya ghonsale kii sabse adhik sankhya vaalaa samay) maee kii pahali chhamaahi aur juuna kii shuruat key beach vibhinn sthaanon parr darj kiya gayaa haye. purvi ontario mein ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii halanki laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon ney germ springs key saath varshon kii shuruat mein ghonsala banaana shuru kiya, joe uttar atlantic dolan soochkaank mein cumm sardiyon key moolyon seey judey they, andey dene kii taareekhen aparivartit raheen. prajanan key mausam key shuruati bhaag mein purush testosterone kaa star charam parr hotaa haye, lekin poore mausam mein uchch rahata haye. maadaaen duss saal taka prajanan karati hain.
pradeshikta key kaee pahalu (udaaharan key liye, purush geeton aur pradarshanon kii sankhya, aur videshi kshetron mein ghuspaith kii sankhya) sambhog seey pahale charam parr hain. isake baad, kaee kshetriya vyavhaaron kii aavritti cumm hoe jaati haye aur narr mukhya roop seey shikaar key khilaf maadaon, andon aur choojon kii raksha karane seey sambandhit hotey hain. pakshiyon koo unake kshetron seey vyavasthit roop seey hataane key prayogon seey pataa chalata haye kii sambhog seey pahale daldali mein maujood naron kii atirikt aabaadi sambhog key baad gayab hoe jaati haye.
andey aur ghonsale kaa shikaar kaafee aam haye. ghonsale key shikariyon mein saamp, mink, racoon aur anya pakshi shamil hain, yahaan taka kii daldali key roop mein chhote bhee. laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi kabhi-kabhi vansh parjivi, vishesh roop seey bhoore sir vaale coubard kaa shikaar hotaa haye. choonki ghonsale kaa shikaar aam haye, isaliye iss prajaati mein kaee anukoolan vikasit hue hain. samooh mein ghonsala banaana ack aisee visheshta haye joe satark maataa-pitaa kii sankhya koo badhaakar vyaktigat shikaar key jokhim koo cumm karati haye. paani key oopar ghonsala banaane seey shikaar kii sambhavana cumm hoe jaati haye, jaisa kii alarm coll karate hain. ghonsale, vishesh roop seey, shikariyon parr ack ranneetik laabh pradaan karate hain kyonki way aksar motee, paani key kinare key nalsiyon mein achchi tarah seey chhipe hotey hain aur ack seey dou meater kii oonchaai parr sthit hotey hain. purush aksar santari key roop mein kaary karate hain, khatare kii prakaar aur gambhirta koo darshaane key liye vibhinn prakaar key coll kaa upayog karate hain. bheed, vishesh roop seey purushon dwara, avaanchhit shikariyon koo daraane key liye bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye, halanki bheed aksar galati seey badey jaanvaron aur maanav nirmit upkaranon koo lakshit karati haye. maadaa kaa bhura rung ack virodhi shikari visheshta key roop mein bhee kaam curr sakata haye kyonki yeh usake aur usake ghonsale key liye chhadmaavaran pradaan curr sakata haye jaba vaha ushmaayan curr rahee hoe.
shikari aur parjivi.
laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon key shikariyon mein racoons, americi mink, lambi poonchh vaale veezel, black-bill magpy, aam grackle, ullu, laal-poonchh vaale baaz, chhoti-poonchh vaale baaz aur saamp (jaise uttari paani key saamp aur maidani garter saamp) shamil hain. kauve aur charaane vaale jaise daldal vaale kuein andey (aur yahaan taka kii chhote chooje bhee) khaate hain, aggar ghonsale koo binaa dekhe chhod diyaa jaataa haye, tou andey nasht curr dete hain, kabhi-kabhi unase peete hain, aur ghonsale koo kuchalkar marr jaate hain.
vibhinn ghonsale key shikariyon kaa saapeksh mahatva bhaugolik kshetra key anusaar bhinn hotaa haih vibhinn kshetron mein sheersh shikariyon mein british kolambiya mein daldali, washington mein magpy aur ontario mein racoon shamil hain. laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi key ghonsale mein pakshiyon key shikaar kii ghatana purvi aabaadi kii tulanaa mein paschimi aabaadi mein adhik haye.
vishesh roop seey andon aur choojon kii uchch shikaar darr key kaaran, laal pankhon vaale blackbird ney apane ghonsale kii raksha key liye vibhinn anukoolan vikasit kiye hain. unamen seey ack mein samoohon mein ghonsala banaana hotaa haye, joe khatare koo cumm kartaa haye kyonki satark maataa-pitaa kii sankhya adhik hoti haye. paani key oopar ghonsala banaane seey hamale kii sambhavana bhee cumm hoe jaati haye. ghonsale vishesh roop seey ack ranneetik laabh pradaan karate hain kyonki way aksar ack yaa dou meater kii oonchaai parr ghaney nadee taton key beach chhipe hotey hain. purush aksar coll key pradarshan kaa upayog karate hue sandhaankartaon key roop mein kaary karate hain. vishesh roop seey purush sambhaavit shikariyon kaa shikaar karate hain taaki unhein daraya jaa sakey, yahaan taka kii jaba way bahut badey jaanvaron key saath kaam karate hain. daldali pakshiyon kii or laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi kii aakraamakta, joe daldalon mein bhee ghonsala banaata haye, aanshik antar-prajaati kshetriyata kaa kaaran banata haye. doosari or, raat mein shikaar karane vaale jaise kii racoon aur americi mink parr vayaskon dwara hamla naheen kiya jaataa haye. maadaa kaa rung ise chhipaane mein madad curr sakata haye, jaba ise ushmaayit kiya jaataa haye tou ise aur isake ghonsale koo bachaa sakata haye.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi vibhinn ectoparasite jaise "fthiraptera", "iscanosera" "philopterus eglai" aur "brulia ornaticaema", aur haematophagus mite, jaise "ornithonisus silviyaram", aur endoperasite jaise "haemoproteus quislus", "leukocyzoon icteris", "plasmodium waghani", "nematodes, fluke aur tapeworm koo samaayojit curr sakata haye.
kshetriya.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi aakramak roop seey anya jaanvaron seey apane kshetra kii raksha kartaa haye, aur bahut badey pakshiyon parr hamla karega. prajanan key mausam key dauran, narr una manushyon parr hamla karate hain joe apane ghonsale key kshetra parr atikraman karate hain. narr laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi bhee mahatvapurna kshetriya vyavhaar pradarshit karate hain, jinamen seey adhikansh unhein aaney vaale kaee varshon key liye aavashyak nishtha pradaan karate hain. purush laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon key kshetron key paalan key liye kuchh mahatvapurna karakon mein bhojan, shikariyon seey chhipane kii jagah, padosiyon key prakaar aur shikariyon key prati pratikriya shamil hain. isake alawa, site nishtha aur andolan key pattern parr ack adhyayan kiya gayaa thaa. belesky aur gorden aich. 1987 mein orience ney purushon key kshetriya vyavhaaron key baare mein bataaya kii ack baar way apane kshetra mein buss gaye they. paryaapt saakshyon seey pataa chalaa thaa kii purush lambe samay taka apane kshetra mein rahane key liye pratibaddh hain aur safalata key liye gyaan key seemit anubhav key kaaran cumm umr mein kshetron koo badalane kii adhik sambhavana naheen haye. adhyayanon seey yeh bhee pataa chalaa haye kii pahali baar ack nae kshetra mein jaane vaale adhikansh purush dou seey teen saal key beach key they. sthanantarit honey vaale adhikansh purush yuva aur anubhavaheen they. baad mein way adhik upalabdh kshetron kii or badh gaye they. udaaharan key liye, yadi purush prajanan safalata key liye apana kshetra chhodane kaa vikalp chunate, tou way cumm doori key bheetar aisaa curr lete. joe purush cumm doori taya karate they, way adhik doori taya karane vaalon kii tulanaa mein prajanan mein adhik safal they. aage key adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa kii jaba purush apane kshetron seey aage chaley gaye tou safaltapurvak bhaagne kii sambhavana mein kamee aaee.
jangli mein laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi kii adhikatam ayu 15.8 varsh haye.
pravaas.
laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi joe apani seema key uttari bhaag mein prajanan karate hain, i.ee.kanada aur sanyukt raajya america key seemavarti raajya sardiyon key liye dakshin mein pravaas karate hain. haalaanki, uttari america key prashant aur khaadi taton key paas aur madhya america kii aabaadi saal bhar rahati haye. laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi donon uttari yuu mein rahate hain.aiss. aur kanada, dakshin mein yukatan praaydweep seey laker alaska key dakshini bhaag taka. yeye vistaar california key prashant tata aur kanada seey purvi samudra tata taka faile mahadweep key adhikansh hisse key liye jimmedaar hain. madhya america mein adhikansh aabaadi gair-pravaasi haye. girawat key dauran, aabaadi dakshini yuu kii or palayan karna shuru curr detee haye.aiss. laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon kii aavaajaahi agast seey octuber taka shuru hoe sakati haye. vasant pravaas farwari key madhya seey maee key madhya key beach kaheen bhee shuru hotaa haye. yuu key uttari hisson seey kaee pakshi.aiss.vishesh roop seey mahaan jheelen, apane prajanan key mausam aur sardiyon key sheetkaleen kshetriya kshetron key beach lagbhag pravaas karati hain joe bhaugolik sthiti key aadhar parr bhinn hoti hain. saal bhar pravaas karane vaali anya aabaadi mein madhya america yaa paschimi yuu. aiss. mein sthit loga shamil hain.aiss. aur khaadi tata. aam taur parr maadaaen purushon kii tulanaa mein adhik doori taka pravaas karati hain. mahaan jheelon key paas sthit yeye mahila aabaadi lagbhag door taka pravaas karati hain. vaarshik yatra karane vaali mahilaaen bhee vayask purushon kii tulanaa mein aage pravaas karati hain, jabaki anya vayask mahilaaon key samaan doori taya karati hain. laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi mukhya roop seey dinn key samay pravaas karate hain. samanya taur parr, vasant mein mahilaaon seey pahale aur sharad ritu mein mahilaaon key baad purushon key pravaas jhund aatey hain.
paaristhitik aur aarthik prabhaav.
americi pakshi vigyaani arther cleveland key anusaar, apani seema key uttari kshetron mein purvi laal pankhon vaalaa blackbird aarthik drishtikon seey lagbhag poori tarah seey fayademand haye aur gambhir fasal kshati kii tulanaatmak roop seey cumm shikaayaten hain. unake aahar mein lagbhag poori tarah seey keede hotey hain, jinamen seey bahut cumm upayogi prajaatiyan hain, aur jadee-bootiyon key beej hain. haalaanki, yeh vasant mein ankurit honey vaale anaaj aur garmiyon mein meethe makai koo kuchh nuksan pahunchaata haye, jabaki anaaj abhee bhee naram hotey hain, kaana key pattedaar aavaran koo faadate hain aur unhein vyaavsaayik drishtikon seey barbad curr dete hain. yeh anya anaaj parr bhee seemit tareeke seey hamla kartaa haye, lekin yeh joe upbhog kartaa haye uska adhikansh hissa jameen mein bachaa huaa haye. madhya-paschim mein, jahan yeye pakshi bahut adhik matra mein paae jaate hain aur jahan anaaj uttar kii tulanaa mein adhik badey paimaane parr ugaaye jaate hain, laal pankhon vaale blackbird aur anya icterid, garmiyon key anta aur girawat mein, anaaj key kheton koo bahut nuksan pahunchaate hain, jabaki donon hii fasal kataai key samay paripakva hoe rahey hotey hain. haalaanki, yeh daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii yahaan taka kii vahaan bhee fayademand hain kyonki makai aur chukandar key paudhon seey larva hataa diye jaate hain aur caterpillar key keeton kaa mukabala curr sakate hain. dakshini raajyon mein, way vasant mein paudhe todkar aur paripakva honey parr naram anaaj khaa curr chawal koo gambhir roop seey nuksan pahunchaate hain, iss arth mein bobolink key roop mein lagbhag hanikarak hotey hain. doosari or, way kharpatwar key beejon key sevan mein kuchh upayogi hain joe anyatha utpaad kaa avamoolyan curr sakate hain.
mahadweep parr sabse adhik sankhya mein pakshiyon mein seey ack honey key naate, yeh anya prajaatiyon key failaav mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye. choonki laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi itani badee sankhya mein ikattha hotey hain aur aaraam karate hain, isaliye unake jhundon mein shamil honey vaali kuchh prajaatiyon kaa astitva unaki company seey prabhaavit honey kii sambhavana haye. way racoon aur mink jaise jaanvaron key liye bhojan kaa ack mahatvapurna srot bhee hoe sakate hain. isi tarah, daldalon mein ghonsala banaane aur aaraam karane vaali aabaadi batakh prajaatiyon aur anya jaanvaron parr shikaar key prabhaav koo cumm curr sakati haye. sankshep mein, yeye pakshi itane adhik sankhya mein aur sakriya hain kii unaki upasthiti aur praakritik vyavhaar paryaavaran koo drishya roop seey prabhaavit karane key liye paryaapt haye.
sakaratmakah kharpatwar niyantran aur hanikarak keede.
shikaar aur avaanchhit jadee-bootiyon key madhyam seey keeton kii aabaadi key niyantran key madhyam seey, way apane beejon key sevan key saath badey paudhon aur fasalon key vikas kii anumati dete hain. way anthonomous grandis aur hyper postica parr bhee khaate hain, joe kramshah kapas aur alfalfa koo prabhaavit karane vaale vivil kii dou prajaatiyan hain, saath hii europeeya jipsey patang (limentaria disper) aur genus malacosoma key hanikarak caterpillar bhee hain. dakshini sanyukt raajya key kuchh kshetron mein, aam nalsaj (zanthium strumerium) key beej, joe soyabean aur kapas key liye hanikarak haye, prajaatiyon key liye ack mahatvapurna khaadya srot prateet hotey hain.
prajanan key mausam key dauran, ohiyo mein ghonsale banaane vaale lagbhag 80 laakh laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi aur unake chooje shayed keedon kii tulanaa mein adhik khaate hain, joe lagbhag lagbhag lagbhag lagbhag ack ausat haye. inmein seey kaee keede, jaise kii vivil ("hyper" spp.), alfalfa kheton, charagahon, jou key kheton aur anya fasalon seey aatey hain. makai key kheton mein, kaale pakshi aksar makai key keede ("helikoverpa zee") aur genus "diabrotica" key bhringon koo khaate hain. vasant ritu kii shuruat mein, laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi makai kii parali vaale kheton mein makai key borrer ("ostrinia nubilalis") kaa sevan karate hain. haalaanki, bendell aur anya. (1981) paaya kii laal pankhon vaale blackbird dwara usa lapidopteran key larva jaise keat niyantran key aarthik laabh ney iss pakshi key kaaran honey vaale fasalon koo hue nuksan kaa kewal 20 pratishat hii puuraa kiya.
nakaratmak pahaluuh kheti kiye gaye anaaj kii khapat.
laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi kheton koo barbad curr sakate hain. iss tathya key bavjood kii way kharpatwar key beejon kaa sevan karate hain, way badey samoohon mein aaraam karane kii apani aadton aur krishi utpaadon key liye apane swaad key kaaran krishi koo bahut nuksan pahunchaane key liye jaane jaate hain. makai, chawal, surajmukhi aur jwaar key ropan koo bhee nuksan hoe sakata haye, vishesh roop seey roost key paas mahatvapurna. laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi uttari america mein icoterid kii sabse badee prajaati haye aur fasalon key liye sabse adhik hanikarak haye. 215 pakshiyon seey neotropical pravasiyon kii pehchaan vyaapak antar seey sabse badaa aarthik nuksan karane vaale key roop mein kii gaee haye. uttari america mein, iss prajaati dwara makai kii fasalon koo honey vaalaa nuksan 1960 key dashak key anta seey 1980 key dashak kii shuruat taka badh gayaa haye, shayed anaaj utpaadan key liye kshetra mein vriddhi key kaaran, aur parali, ghaas key kheton aur binaa kheti vaali bhoomi key saath chhote kshetron mein kamee key kaaran, jisane badale mein, apani aajeevika sunishchit karane key liye makai parr pakshi kii nirbharta koo badhaa diyaa.
jahira taur parr, maadaa kii tulanaa mein purush iss anaaj koo adhik nuksan pahunchaata haye. ohiyo key kuchh kshetron mein, agast aur sitambar mein purushon key aahar kaa 75 pratishat aur mahilaaon key aahar kaa kewal 6 pratishat makai hoe sakata haye. dakshin dakota mein, garmiyon key anta mein, adhyayan kiye gaye purushon key gizard mein 29 pratishat makai thaa, jabaki mahila key mamle mein yeh sankhya 9 pratishat taka seemit thee.
madhya-paschim mein sthiti.
laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi kaale pakshiyon kii badee sandrata mein pramukh prajaati haye joe garmiyon key anta mein yaa dakota mein jaldi girane vaale surajmukhi, makai aur chhote anaaj key kheton mein bhojan kartaa haye. 1970 key dashak mein, dakota mein blackbirds key kaaran surajmukhi aur makai kii fasalon koo honey vaalaa nuksan pratyek mamle key liye salana $30 laakh seey adhik hoe gayaa. badey maidanon key uttari bhaag mein, ack kshetra jise prayeri gaddhe kshetra key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon mein garmiyon mein bahut prachur matra mein hotey hain, way prajanan key baad key jhundon mein ikattha hotey hain joe fasalon koo, vishesh roop seey unake ghar key paas surajmukhi key baganon koo nuksan pahunchaate hain. adhikansh suryamukhi kshati agast key madhya aur sitambar kii shuruat key beach hoti haye, jaba aparipakva beejon kii calori samagri cumm hoti haye aur pakshiyon koo khud koo tript karane key liye unamen seey adhik kaa sevan karna padata haye. suryamukhi fasalon parr shikaar key iss praarambhik charan key dauran, jisamen kull nuksan kaa 75 pratishat seey adhik hotaa haye, laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi iss beej key kheton mein dekhe jaane vaale kaale pakshiyon key 80 pratishat kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. yeh avadhi pakshiyon key badey paimaane parr pravaas seey pahale kii haye aur unamen seey adhikansh sthaaniya mool key hain. adhikansh apane mool sthalon key bheetar taba taka rahate hain jaba taka kii unake pankhon kaa moulting agast key anta yaa sitambar kii shuruat mein puuraa yaa lagbhag puuraa naheen hoe jaataa haye. uttar dakota key kendra aur dakshin-poorv aur uttar-poorv dakshin dakota mein, suryamukhi utpaadan kii uchch sandrata vaale kshetron aur prachur ardrabhoomi mein kaafee gambhir kshati hoe sakati haye joe prajanan key mausam key dauran laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi koo aakarshit karati haye.
1968 aur 1979 key beach kii gaee jaanch seey pataa chalaa kii blackbird, vishesh roop seey black-winged blackbird aur aam grackle, ohiyo mein salana 1 pratishat seey bhee cumm makai kii fasalon koo nasht curr dete hain, joe 1979 kii kimaton key anusaar 4 seey 6 million dollar key beach kaa nuksan haye. 
sabhi ohiyo county blackbird seey apani makke kii fasalon parr kuchh hudd taka shikaar kaa anubhav karate hain, lekin joe sabse adhik prabhaavit hotey hain way kuchh county hain jahan daldal joe unhein abhee bhee basaa rahey hain. sandsky khaadi aur jheel arrie key paani parr sthit ottawa, sandsky aur lucas key county sabse adhik prabhaavit hue. 1968 aur 1976 key beach adhyayan kiye gaye 19 kshetron mein seey inn teen county mein 62 pratishat kshetra they jinamen nuksan 5 pratishat seey adhik thaa aur 77 pratishat kshetra they jinamen way 10 pratishat seey adhik they. vyaapak sthaaniya kshati key saath anya county arrie, ashtabula bhee ullikhit jall maargon aur hamilton key taton parr sthit they. 5 pratishat seey adhik nuksan vaale lagbhag sabhi bagan kaale pakshiyon key kuchh mahatvapurna paalan key bheetar they. 1968-1976 avadhi mein, poorvottar sandsky county aur uttar-paschim ottawa mein, jahaan garmiyon key anta aur girawat mein duss laakh taka key badey pakshiyon key jhund paae gaye they, ausatan nuksan kheton mein 9 pratishat seey adhik hoe gayaa, lekin way 5 pratishat seey cumm aur 2 pratishat seey cumm they. dakshin-paschimi ontario mein, 1964 kii garmiyon mein, yeh paaya gayaa kii laal pankhon vaale blackbird dwara makai key kheton koo sabse badee kshati bhee daldal mein roost key paas hui thee.
keat niyantran.
dou mukhya vikalp joe kisan pakshiyon kii upasthiti seey bachane key liye chuna sakate hain, ack baar jaba makai apani paripakvata prakriya key doodhiya charan mein pravesh curr jaataa haye, tou rasayanik 4-aminopyridine kaa upayog aur pakshiyon koo daraane key liye yaantrik upkaranon kaa karyanvayan haye. blackbird koo titar-bitar karane key liye upaay karane key liye chunaa gayaa samay bahut mahatvapurna haye kyonki ack baar jaba pakshiyon ney vahaan khaane key liye ack khet chunaa haye tou unake kaee dinon taka lautane kii sambhavana haye. unhein binaa kissy pareshan key khilaane kii anumati jitani adhik samay taka dee jaayegi, unhein darana adhik kathin hoe jaayega. isake alawa, adhikansh kshati kuchh hii dinon mein hoe jaati haye, jaba munhaase naram hoe jaate hain; natijatan, iss avadhi key baad lagu karane parr niyantran takneek bahut upayogi naheen hogi.
keat niyantran kaa itihas.
1667 kii shuruat mein, massachusets khaadi key basane vaalon ney blackbird kii aabaadi koo cumm karane aur makai koo nuksan koo cumm karane key liye kaanoon banaae they. heinry david thoro key anusaar, ack kaanoon mein praavdhaan kiya gayaa thaa kii ack shahar mein pratyek vyakti koo una pakshiyon mein seey chhah koo maarnaa chaahiye aur aisaa naheen karane key liye sajaa key roop mein, vaha taba taka shaadi naheen curr sakata thaa jaba taka kii vaha uparokt yojana kaa paalan naheen curr letaa. jahir haye, kyonki blackbird manushyon kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik gati seey prajanan karate hain, yeh niyantran ranneeti ack viphalata thee. paschim mein mahaan jheelon key kshetra kii yatra karane vaale agraduton koo isi tarah kii samasyaon kaa saamana karna padaa. 1749 taka, paschimi jheel key aspas blackbird itane prachur matra mein they kii loga baari-baari seey paripakva anaaj kii fasalon koo dekhate they.
20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, kuchh sthaanon parr, jaba naliyaan sookh jaati theen, tou inn paristhitiyon kaa upayog inn pakshiyon koo maarne key liye kiya jaataa thaa. ack dall raat key andhere mein chhipi hui ack khamoshi mein ack roast key paas gayaa, aur saath hii vibhinn binduon parr naliyon koo jalaaya, joe jaldi seey ack badee lau seey dhaka gaye. isase laal pankhon vaale blackbird key beach ack badaa hangama huaa, jise aag seey jalaaya gayaa, badee sankhya mein goli maar dee gaee kyonki way havaa mein ghoom rahey they aur poori jagah chillaate they. kabhi-kabhi isi uddeshya key liye pual kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, joe pahale nalas aur ulder jhaadiyon (alnus spp) key paas bikhare hue they.) jisamen way aaraam karane key liye ikattha hue, jisake jalane seey pakshiyon mein bahut ghabarahat paida hui. giroh agale dinn shikaar kiye gaye shikaar koo ikattha karane key liye laut aaya.
arther cleveland bent kaa kahana haye kii bajar mein shikaar kii bikri parr pratibandh lagaane seey pahale, sharad ritu mein laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon kaa badee sankhya mein narsamhar kiya gayaa thaa aur baajaron mein becha gayaa thaa. jaba unhone anaaj yaa chawal key aahar parr vajan daala thaa, tou unake chhote shareer koo swaadisht mezon parr swaadisht nashte key roop mein parosa jaataa thaa. kuchh loga unhein bobolinks ("dolichonics orizivorus") seey alag curr sakate they.
1926 mein, jaba sanyukt raajya america key javic sarvekshan-sanyukt raajya america kii machhali aur vanyajeev seva key poorvavarti ney avaanchhaniya ecterids key roost kaa apana pahala sankalan kiya, tou yeh ohiyo mein darj kiya gayaa, inn pakshiyon kii badee aabaadi aur americi raajyon mein makai kii kheti key liye aavantit paanchven sabse badey kshetra key saath, kissy bhee anya raajya kii tulanaa mein adhik shikaayaten. 1950 key dashak key dauran, blackbird aur ohiyo krishi prayog kendra seey makke koo hue nuksan seey nipatane key liye kuchh county mein pakshi niyantran samitiyon kaa ayojan kiya gayaa thaa, abb ohiyo krishi anusandhaan aur vikas kendra aur raajya vishvavidyalaya key prani vigyaan aur keat vigyaan vibhaag ney samasya kii jaanch shuru kii.
ghaatak jaal aur rasayanon kaa upayog.
fasal kii shikaar ney laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon kii aabaadi koo niyantrit karane key prayaas mein kisaanon dwara jaal, jahar aur surfactant kaa upayog kiya haye; yeye antim guna jalrodhak pankhon koo dabaate hain, jisase way thhand key liye behad samvedansheel hoe jaate hain, lekin unaki prabhavsheelta kuchh vayumandaliya sthitiyon, arthaat cumm tapman aur varsha parr nirbhar karati haye. jinn karyakramon mein garmiyon key anta mein icteride kii sandrata koo cumm karane key liye jahar kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, way asafal rahey hain. jabaki hajaaron pakshi kabhi-kabhi marr jaate hain, badey roasting-associated jhundon parr prabhaav joe kabhi-kabhi duss laakh seey adhik vyaktiyon koo dhaaran karate hain, chhote hotey hain; isake alawa, anya prajaatiyon key namoone aksar marr jaate hain. badey pralobhan jaal kaa upayog, joe aksar prati dinn saikadon pakshiyon koo pakadata haye, inn badey jhundon key khilaf bhee aprabhaavi haye.
4-aminopyridine kaa upayog.
4-aminopyridine koo bhuni hui makai key sou kanon mein seey ack parr lagaaya jaataa haye jiska upayog chaara key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. aam taur parr, makai koo una vimaanon seey kheton mein fenka jaataa haye joe prati hectare lagbhag ack tihai bhoomi parr chaara chhodate hain. kyonki bhuni hui makai kii usa matra mein lagbhag 205,000 kann hotey hain, lagbhag 2050 vishaakt kann prati hectare upchaarit kiye jaate hain. ack blackbird dwara inmein seey ack yaa adhik kanon key antargrahan seey aniyamit udaan hoti haye, peedaa aur anta mein mrityu kii aavashyakta hoti haye; yeh vyavhaar aksar jhund mein shesh pakshiyon koo maidan chhodane key liye prerit kartaa haye. rasayanik dee. aar. see.-1327, joe paripakva honey vaale makai koo honey vaale nuksan koo cumm karane mein upayogi saabit huaa haye, usee tarah kaam kartaa haih jaba ack pakshi aanshik roop seey haath seey chhile hue cob seey kernell khaata haye, jiss parr rasayan koo ack sprayer manual key saath lagaaya gayaa haye, tou usaki aniyamit udaan aur usaki poorv-mrityu peedaa key liye coll karati haye, joe paanch seey pandrah minut key beach kii jagah mein hoti haye, kheton seey jhundon kaa peechha karati haye.
anaaj pakane kii prakriya key doodhiya charan kii shuruat key baad 4-aminopyridine kaa praarambhik anuprayog jald seey jald kiya jaanaa chaahiye. aam taur parr paanch seey saat dinon key antaral parr dou anya booster anuprayogon kii sifarish kii jaati haye; aksar kewal ack hii paryaapt hotaa haye, lekin lambe samay taka pakshi gatividhi kii sthitiyon mein cumm antaral parr teen seey adhik anuprayogon kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye. 1965 mein braun county (poorvottar dakshin dakota) mein, lagbhag ack saptah key antaral parr haath seey faile 4-aminopyridine batts ney makai kii fasalon koo paripakva karke anumaanit laal-pankhon vaale blackbird nuksan koo 85 pratishat taka cumm curr diyaa. rasayan seey prabhaavit vyaktiyon dwara pradarshit vyathit karane vaale vyavhaar ney jhund key anya sadasyon mein ack spasht bhaya pratikriya paida kii aur khet laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon seey mukt they, taba bhee jaba anumaanit pratyaksh roop seey prabhaavit anupaat 1 pratishat seey cumm thaa. yeh bhee sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii varshon seey 4-aminopyridine kaa nirantar upayog dakshin mein pravaas key pattern mein badalaav kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, jaise kii pakshi rasayan key saath lagaatar upchaar kiye jaane vaale kshetron seey bachana seekh rahey they.
usee county mein ack anya prayog mein, upchaar shuru honey key baad paanch dinon kii avadhi mein upchaarit kshetra kaa upayog karane vaale kaale pakshiyon kii sankhya mein naatakiya roop seey girawat aaee aur makai key kheton koo nuksan key shesh mausam key liye cumm rahee. iss vidhi key parinam kaafee hudd taka icterides taka seemit they. halanki aam teetar prachur matra mein they, lekin iss baat kaa koee saboot naheen thaa kii koee bhee prabhaavit huaa thaa, aur anya pakshi prajaatiyon key beach mrityu darr nagany thee.
kharpatwaron kii prachurta koo iss sambhavana koo seemit karane key roop mein maanaa jaanaa chaahiye kii pakshiyon koo jameen parr bikhare hue chaara kann milenge, isaliye iss rasayan kaa upayog ack kharpatwar niyantran karyakram key saath kiya jaanaa chaahiye. ack cumm spasht samasya una keedon kii haye joe lalach koo hataa dete hain. yadi kissy khet mein grillus kaa pataa chalata haye, tou bhunaa huaa makai jaldi gayab honey kii ummeed haye. cricket aam taur parr anupachaarit kanon kaa chayan karate hain aur vishaakt kanon koo peechhe chhod dete hain; haalaanki, jameen parr bhuni hui makai kii kull matra mein teji seey kamee seey blackbird key liye jamini star key bhojan key aakarshan mein kamee aatee haye. kyonki cricket kii aabaadi koo niyantrit karna mushkil haye, inn paristhitiyon mein adhik baar upayog yaa anya pakshi niyantran takneek vaanchhaniya hoe sakati hain. teesari samasya bhaari barish kii haye, joe chaara koo mitty seey dhaka detee haye yaa usey jameen mein daraaron mein kheenchati haye. isi tarah, ichterides kaa cumm jansankhya ghanatva 4-aminopyridine key saath isake niyantran kii prabhavsheelta koo cumm curr sakata haye.
gair-ghaatak vidhiyaan.
unhein peechhe hataane key liye vibhinn prakaar key upkaranon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisamen electronic shore-nirmaan pranali, kheton mein bandhe helium gubbare, radio-niyantrit vimaan aur vibhinn prakaar key daraavane kauve shamil hain. daraane vaale kauve, atishbaji aur propen topon jaise tareeke, halke shikaar koo cumm karane mein madad curr sakate hain, lekin kewal tabhi prabhaavi dhang seey kaam karate hain jaba kshati kii avadhi pakshiyon key inn tarikon key aadee honey kii avadhi seey cumm hoe. laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi jaldi seey unake aadee hoe jaate hain, vishesh roop seey yadi fasal aajeevika key kuchh vaikalpik sroton vaale kshetra mein ack pramukh khaadya srot haye. halanki makai key paryaapt roop seey sookhane key baad jitani jaldi hoe sakey kataai uttari charaane vaale jhundon dwara nuksan koo seemit curr sakati haye, fasal kii tarikh koo samaayojit karane seey kisaanon koo doodh kii avastha key dauran laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon dwara nuksan koo cumm karane mein madad naheen milati haye.
ack drishtikon joe uchch bhoomi mein murgon koo niyantrit karane mein safal rhaa haye, vaha haye nivaas sthaan parivartan yaa pakshi utpeedan key madhyam seey aabaadi kaa failaav. jeevvigyaani dwara sthaaniya nagrikon key sahyog seey kii gaee yeye prakriyaaen duss laakh taka kii aabaadi koo failaane yaa visthaapit karane mein safal rahee hain. haalaanki yeh failaav kabhi-kabhi samasya koo ack sthaan seey dusare sthaan parr leey jaa sakata haye-vishesh roop seey jaba kshetra mein makai kii kheti kii gaee haye aur vaikalpik khaadya srot prachur matra mein naheen hain, tou yeh aksar sthaaniya samasya sthitiyon koo hull karane mein prabhaavi rhaa haye. kyonki garmiyon key anta mein pahale seey hii kaate gaye kheton mein jaee aur gehuun key anaaj kaale pakshiyon key liye ack mahatvapurna bhojan hain, chhote anaaj kii parali key saath bhoomi kii jutai koo sthagit karane seey inn pakshiyon key pakane vaale makai parr padane vaale dabaav koo cumm kiya jaa sakata haye. praakritik astitva yaa bajra, jwaar ("jwaar" spp) jaise paudhon kaa ropan.), bahubhuj ("bahubhuj" spp.) aur udaaharan key liye vibhinn ghaas, mohas (setaria spp.) joe fayademand hoe sakata haye. ack samanya paaristhitik siddhant key roop mein, teevra krishi gatividhi vaale kshetron mein banaae rakhe jaa sakane vaale aavason key prakaron mein vividhata ack adhik sambhavana seey sambandhit haye kii keeton seey honey vaale nuksan aarthik roop seey sahan karane yogya star taka seemit hain.
meethe makai key kheton mein kiye gaye adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii blackbird aksar shuru mein keedon dwara paripakva honey vaali fasalon kii or aakarshit hoe sakate hain. makai parr hamla karane seey pahale jhund lagbhag ack saptah taka kheti kii gaee bhoomi mein keede aur kharpatwar key beej khaa sakate hain. "diabrotica" bhring iss avadhi key dauran vishesh roop seey aakarshak hoe sakate hain. iss prakaar pakshiyon koo kheton mein khaane kii aadat hoe jaati haye aur jaba way kamjor doodh kii avastha mein pravesh karate hain tou way jaldi seey keedon seey makai kii or badhate hain. jinn prayogon mein anaaj key doodh key charan mein pravesh karane seey pahale saptah key dauran meethe makai kii fasalon mein keeton kii aabaadi kaa keetnashakon seey upchaar kiya gayaa thaa, unhone dikhaaya kii cumm pakshi inn kheton mein gaye aur baad kii bhedyata avadhi mein makai koo cumm nuksan darj kiya gayaa thaa, joe kii paas kii anupachaarit bhoomi kii tulanaa mein thaa. yeh sambhavana haye kii makai key kheton mein kharpatwaron kii prachurta seey bhee ecterids key prati unakaa aakarshan badh jaataa haye aur unake niyantran seey inn pakshiyon dwara utpaadit nuksan mein kamee aaegi.
rasayanik nasbandi.
laal pankhon vaale blackbird kii aabaadi koo cumm karane kaa ack vaikalpik tarika, aur isaliye way fasalon koo joe nuksan pahunchaate hain, usamen ack karyakram koo lagu karna shamil haye jiska uddeshya unaki prajanan kshamata mein hastakshep karna haye, udaaharan key liye, nasbandi rasayanon key upayog key madhyam seey. prajaatiyon kii bahuvivaah prakriti key kaaran, yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii yadi purushon parr nirdeshit kiya jaae tou aisaa karyakram adhik prabhaavi hoe sakata haye. haalaanki, sambhog kii ghatnaaon kaa matlab yeh hoga kii sthaaniya aabaadi key purushon key ack nishchit ansh key rasayanik nasbandi key parinamswarup upajaau changul mein aanupaatik kamee naheen hogi.
iss vidhi key prabhaav shayed usa prakaar key nivaas key anusaar bhinn honge jisamen upchaar kiye gaye purushon ney apane kshetron koo sthaapit kiya haye. samanya taur parr, una ghanee aabaadi vaale aavason mein upajaau changul kaa ack uchch anupaat honah chaahiye aur badee sankhya mein punarnirdharan (ghonsale kaa punarnirmaan) honah chaahiye. uchch bhoomi kii tulanaa mein daldali ilaakon mein punruddhar adhik aam haye. badale mein, joe vyakti uchch bhoomi mein prajanan karate hain, way shayed daldali mein prajanan karane vaalon kii tulanaa mein apane swayam key kshetron key bheetar adhik baar bhojan karate hain, joe shayed pahale prakaar key nivaas mein sambhog koo kathin banaata haye. iss prakaar, rasayanik nasbandi daldali aabaadi kii tulanaa mein uchch bhoomi aabaadi key beach adhik prabhaavi hoe sakati haye.
ack safal ghonsale dwara utpaadit choojon kii sankhya koo nasbandi rasayan cumm curr sakate hain. choonki punarjanan key changul mool kii tulanaa mein kaafee cumm hain, bhale hii ack mahila joe pahale ack sterile purush key saath sambhog karati haye aur phir ack upajaau purush key saath sambhog karati haye, shayed vaha cumm choojon kaa utpaadan karati haye aggar uska pahala clutch upajaau hotaa.
ack purush key kshetra mein upajaau changul kii sankhya usa purush key nasbandi key madhyam seey seemit hoe sakati haye, lekin vaha sankhya jiss hudd taka cumm hoti haye, vaha padosi upajaau kshetriya purushon key swabhaav parr nirbhar karegi aur shayed upajaau gair-kshetriya purushon kii sankhya parr bhee nirbhar karegi. jansankhya mein. kritrim andon key saath adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii sterile andon kaa ushmaayan lambe samay taka chalega, kyonki 98 maadaaen aam taur parr lagbhag 20 dinon key liye kritrim andey kaa ushmaayan karati hain. avyavahaarik andon key vistaarit ushmaayan key parinamswarup cumm punruddhar key prayaas honge aur isaliye, isase ack mahila key liye ack upajaau saathi khojane key avsar cumm hoe jaayenge joe mool roop seey ack sterile purush key saath sambhog karati haye.
manushyon key saath sambandh.
kisaanon koo apani aabaadi koo niyantrit karane key avaidh prayason mein keetnashakon kaa upayog karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye-jaise kii parathian. sanyukt raajya america mein, iss tarah key prayaas avaidh hain kyonki kissy bhee keetnashak kaa upayog gair-lakshit jeevon parr yaa kissy bhee upayog key liye naheen kiya jaa sakata haye joe spasht roop seey keetnashak key label parr soochibaddh naheen haye. haalaanki, yuu. aiss. dee. aeye. ney ateet mein jaanboojhkar iss prajaati koo jahar diyaa haih 2009 mein, pashu aur paadap swaasthya nireekshan seva ney texas aur louisiana mein 950,000 seey adhik laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon koo jahar dene kii soochana dee. iss vishaaktata koo jangdar blackbird kii girawat key sambhaavit kaaran key roop mein fansaaya gayaa haye, ack baar prachur matra mein paaee jaane vaali prajaati joe 1960 key dashak seey 99 pratishat cumm hoe gaee haye aur haal hii mein ise iucn laal soochi mein khatare key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye.
anishinabe bhaashaon mein, ack swadeshi bhasha samooh joe pakshi kii poorvottar seema key adhikansh hisson mein bolly jaati haye, iss pakshi key naam vividh hain. oji-cree bhasha mein, anishinabe bhaashaon key sabse uttari hisse mein, ise "jachkanob" kahaa jaataa haye, jabaki uttar-paschimi ontario mein bolly jaane vaali ojibwa bhasha aur oji-cree kii seema key turant dakshin mein manitoba mein bolly jaane vaali, pakshi koo "jachakaanu" (cognets "kahkahwani" (daldali khaadi), "kahkahkalu" (tateey dakshini poorv khaadi), "kahkahakyu" (antardeshiya dakshini poorv khaadi), "kahkahkayo" (maidani khaadi); uttari algonquian bhaashaaen laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi koo ack prakaar key junako yaa grackle key roop mein vargeekrit karati hain, joe unake shabd "spotted" yaa "spotted" seey chihnit hotaa haye. anya ojibwa bhasha boliyon key vishal bahumat mein, pakshi koo "memiscondinimanganeshin" kahaa jaataa haye, jiska shaabdik arth haye "bahut laal-chhote kandhe-blade vaalaa pakshi". haalaanki, dakshin-paschimi ontario aur mishigan mein ack anishinabe bhasha odawa bhasha mein, pakshi koo yaa tou memesconinisi ("laal [apane pankh parr patch] vaalaa pakshi") yaa "memisconigvigness" ("chhote aur bahut laal [patch] key pankh vaalaa pakshi") kahaa jaataa haye. aine 'siluxn (colville-okanagan, aantarik salish bhasha) mein pakshi koo lainm akalanaaek key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. hook bhasha mein unhein "koksajaporosura" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe apane pankh parr goal laal dhabbe kaa varnan kartaa haye aur saath hii ise ack kaale pakshi key roop mein pahachaantaa haye.
badey maidanon mein, lakota bhasha, ack aur swadeshi bhasha joe pakshi kii seema key adhikansh hisson mein bolly jaati haye, pakshi koo "vablosa" ("laal key pankh") kahaa jaataa haye. isake geeton koo lakota mein "toke, mutt 'nee" ("oh! kii main marr sakata huun "), key roop mein" nakun mee "("...aur main ")," merey liye bhee! "), aur" "cap 'sellie" "(" "ack beaver kaa daudana ghaav" ") key roop mein.
sanrakshan kii sthiti.
yeh cumm seey cumm chinta kii ack prajaati haye. uttari america mein sabse badey aur sabse vyaapak roop seey vitarit pakshiyon mein seey ack honey key naate, ise awas vinash aur shaharikaran key prabhaavon seey bachaane key liye bahut cumm kiya gayaa haye. yeh paryaavaran kii ack vistrit shrinkhala mein jeevit reh sakata haye, kaee aabaadi praakritik aavason key nuksan koo door karane kaa prabandhan karati haye. haalaanki, laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi ardrabhoomi kshetron mein panapate hain aur praakritik ardrabhoomi key vinash key saath unaki aabaadi sikudane kii sambhavana haye. yeh prajaati pravaasi pakshi sandhi adhiniyam 1918 key tahat sanrakshit haye, joe sanyukt raajya america aur kanada key beach ack aupchaarik sandhi haye jise baad mein mexico koo shamil karane key liye vistaarit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh kaanoon unhein sanyukt raajya mein kanuni suraksha detaa haye, lekin jaba way shikaar karate paae jaate hain yaa sajawati pedon yaa chhaaya, fasalon, pashudhan yaa vanyajeevon key liye lagaae gaye pedon kaa shikaar karate paae jaate hain tou unhein maar diyaa jaa sakata haye."
ilinois mein ack adhyayan ney sanket diyaa kii 1908 aur 1958 key beach laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon kii aabaadi doguni hoe gaee thee. yeh paaramparik roop seey ardrabhoomi mein prajanan kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen ohiyo mukhya roop seey jheelon aur nadiyon seey judey daldal mein rahata thaa. haalaanki, 20veen shatabdi key dauran, yeh maanav nirmit awas parivartanon key liye anukoolit hoe gayaa aur abb aksar ghaas key kheton, sadakon aur gaddhon key saath-saath uchch bhoomi mein anya jagahon parr ghonsale banaata haye.
bhoomi upayog seey sambandhit prathaon mein parivartan key liye isake safal anukoolan key bavjood, beesavin shatabdi key uttaraardh key dauran laal pankhon vaale blackbird kii aabaadi ney isaki seema kii chaudaai koo cumm curr diyaa haye, aur ghaas key maidanon kii prachurta aur paryaptata mein parivartan koo isamen shamil kiya gayaa haye. ohiyo mein, laal pankhon vaalaa kaalaa pakshi 1966 aur 1996 key beach ghaas key utpaadan mein kamee, ghaas kii pahale kii fasal aur khurr mein lagaai gaee fasalon mein vriddhi seey nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit huaa thaa, joe cumm ghaas key maidanon seey pakshiyon kii anya prajaatiyon dwara jheli gaee sthiti key samaan thee. haalaanki iss raajya mein laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshi kii aabaadi parr badhati dakshata aur aadhunik krishi prathaon kii ghatati vividhata key nakaratmak prabhaav koo makai aur surajmukhi key utpadakon dwara ack sakaratmak ghatana key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye, lekin krishi prathaon ney iss prajaati kii sankhyaatmak girawat koo tej curr diyaa haye, jisase cumm aam ghaas key maidanon jaise kii oopari rait aur ghaas kii gauraiya key pakshiyon key liye adhik gambhir prabhaav parh sakate hain.
1970 key dashak key anta mein, ohiyo ney sabhi americi raajyon aur kanadai praanton key beach prajanan key mausam key dauran kaale pakshiyon key uchchatam ghanatva kii mejbani kii, haalaanki, 1966 aur 1996 key beach, iss raajya mein prajanan aabaadi mein ullekhaniya kamee dikhaai. usee varsh key beach alfalfa key alawa anya ghaas key kshetra mein kamee seey gunavatta vaale ghonsale banaane vaale aavason kii upalabdhata mein kamee aaney kii sambhavana thee. isi tarah, makai bhale hii laal pankhon vaale kaale pakshiyon koo aakarshit kartaa haye aur iss tathya key bavjood kii unake anaaj apane aap mein ack oorjaa srot kaa pratinidhitva karate hain aur soyabean joe prajaatiyon key liye ack khaadya srot kaa gathan naheen karate hain, joe 1966 seey 1996 taka ack saath baney hain, ohiyo mein ausatan 70 pratishat krishi kshetra, paryaapt ghonsale banaane kaa nivaas sthaan pradaan naheen karate hain. badale mein, ghaas key saath kheti kiye jaane vaale kshetra mein badey vaarshik utaar-chadhaav, ack varsh seey agale varsh taka aur ack nishchit prajanan mausam key ack hii varsh key bheetar, isi tarah, 1974 aur 1995 key beach ontario mein, ack diye gaye varsh mein harem kaa ausat aakar pichhale varsh seey ghaas key utpaadan seey sakaratmak roop seey sambandhit thaa, halanki ack mausam seey agale mausam mein harem key aakar mein pratishat bhinnata ghaas key utpaadan mein vaarshik pratishat parivartan seey raikhik roop seey sambandhit naheen thee; iss avadhi key dauran ghaas kaa utpaadan cumm hoe gayaa aur harem kaa aakar prati purush lagbhag teen mahilaaon seey ghatkar 1.6 mahilaaon taka aaa gayaa.
ontario mein isake alawa, ack nishchit prajanan mausam seey chhah maheene pahale uttari atlantic dolan soochkaank (naao) aur harem key aakar key beach ack nakaratmak sambandh paaya gayaa thaa. yadi sheetkaleen mrityu darr haram key aakar mein kamee mein yogdan detee haye, tou unake aakar mein vaarshik bhinnata chihnit kshetriya purushon kii vaapsee kii darr mein vaarshik parivartan seey sambandhit honey chaahiye. haram key aakar aur prati varsh purush vaapsee darr mein bhinnata vaastav mein sakaratmak roop seey sahsambaddh paaee gaee. halanki utanaa spasht naheen haye, purush vaapsee darr aur sheetkaleen naao moolyon key beach sambandh haram key aakar aur naao mein parivartan key samaan thaa.
doosari or, dakshin-paschimi quebeck mein, laal pankhon vaale blackbird kii aabaadi 1966 aur 1981 key beach doguni hoe gaee, jahira taur parr makka utpaadan key vikas key jawab mein. vasant aur garmiyon mein avashisht anaaj kii upalabdhata mein vriddhi. prajanan kaa mausam shayed iss pakshi kii aabaadi key vikas mein ack maulik bhoomika nibhaayega. isi tarah, 1990 key dashak key madhya mein, uttari dakota kii prajanan aabaadi, joe cumm seey cumm 1994 aur 2002 key beach sabhi americi raajyon aur kanadai praanton mein iss prajaati key jansankhya ghanatva key mamle mein sabse aage thee, teji seey badhane luggy.

