
paine-germanwad

paine-germanwad (yaa '), jise kabhi-kabhi paine-germanwad key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack akhil-rashtravadi raajneetik vichaar haye. paine-germanwadi mool roop seey sabhi german bhashi logon koo-aur sambhavatah german bhashi logon koo-ack ekal rashtra-raajya mein ekikrit karane kii maang karate they, jise grater german reech () key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe poori tarah seey german rashtra key grater german reech () kii shally mein thaa.
19veen shatabdi mein germany key ekikaran key dauran german rajneeti mein paine-germanwad atyadhik prabhaavshaali thaa jaba 1871 mein german samrajya koo ack rashtra-raajya key roop mein ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin habsberg austriya (cleandeutsche lasung/lesser germany) aur 20veen shatabdi key pahale bhaag mein austriya-hangerian samrajya aur german samrajya key binaa. 19veen shatabdi key anta seey, paine-german leag mein aayojit 1891 key baad seey kaee paine-german vicharakon ney khule taur parr jaatiya aur naslavaadi vichardharaon koo apanaaya thaa, aur antatah 1938 seey austriyai mool key adolph hitler key tahat naazi germany dwara apnai gaee videsh neeti "heim inn reech" koo janm diyaa, joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prakop key liye praathamik karakon mein seey ack thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii aapada key parinamswarup, paine-germanwad koo jyaadaatar paschim aur purvi germany donon mein yuddh key baad kii avadhi mein ack varjit vichardhara key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. aaj, paine-germanwad mukhya roop seey germany aur austriya mein kuchh rashtravadi samoohon taka seemit haye.
vyutpatti.
paine" shabd ack yunani shabd tatva haye jiska arth haye "sabhi, harr, puuraa, sabhi samaveshi". iss sandarbh mein "german" shabd lattin "germani" seey nikla haye jiska upayog mool roop seey julius seasure dwara kiya jaataa haye joe poorvottar gaul mein janjaatiyon yaa ack janjaati kaa ullekh kartaa haye. madhya yug key anta mein, iska ack dheela arth german bhaashaon key vaktaaon ('almen' aur 'tutone' key saath) key sandarbh mein praapt huaa, jinamen seey adhikansh aadhunik german kii paitrik boliyaan bolate they. angreji mein, "paine-german" koo pahali baar 1892 mein satyaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 
german mein, yunani "paine" gyaat haye lekin iss sandarbh mein shayed hii. ack german anuvaad arth parr nirbhar karegaah "aldiush" yaa "gasematdiush". "aldesh", "jaise kii kattarpanthi andolan" aldesh bevegang ", ack desh mein sabhi german bhashi logon koo ekjut karane vaale ack raajneetik karyakram koo sandarbhit kartaa haye (shayed dutch bhashi logon key samavesh key saath bhee).
utpatti (1860 seey pahale).
paine-germanwad kii utpatti napolean yuddhon key dauran romantic raashtravaad key janm key saath shuru hui, jisamen friedrich ludwig zaan aur ernst moritz erndt shuruati samarthak they. sudhaar key baad seey adhikansh bhaag key liye german ack dheele aur alag-thalag loga they, jaba westfelia kii shaanti key saath tees saal key yuddh key anta key baad pavitra roman samrajya raajyon key ack patchwork mein toot gayaa thaa.
grosdutioland" (grater germany) samadhan key adhivaktaon ney austriyai samrajya key german austriyai logon key netritva mein europe mein sabhi german bhashi logon koo ekjut karane kii maang kii. 1848 key krantikariyon key beach paine-germanwad vyaapak thaa, vishesh roop seey richard wagner aur bhaaiyon key beach. friedrich list aur paul anton laggard jaise lekhakon ney madhya aur purvi europe mein german aadhipatya key liye tark diyaa, jahaan kuchh kshetron mein german prabhutva 9 veen shatabdi esvi kii shuruat mein austedlung, slavic aur baltic bhoomi mein german vistaar key saath shuru huaa thaa. paine-germanvaadiyon key liye, iss andolan koo ack drang naach osten key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, jisamen german swabhavik roop seey poorv kii or badhate hue german alpsankhyakon key saath phir seey judane key liye lebensram kii talash mein honge.
1841 mein hoffman wonn fallerslaben dwara likhit "german" ("germany kaa geet"), apane pahale chhand mein "german" koo "mease seey memal taka/ediz seey belt taka" pahunchane key roop mein paribhaashit kartaa haye.ee. jisamen purvi prussia aur dakshin tyrol shamil hain.
1848 mein pahale schlesswig yuddh koo pratibimbit karate hue, carle marks ney 1853 mein nott kiya kii "german aur scandinavian, donon ack hii mahaan jaati seey sambandhit honey key bajaay, aapas mein jhagadkar, kewal apane vanshaanugat dushman, slaav key liye raasta taiyar karate hain."
german prashn.
 
1860 key dashak taka prussia aur austriya german bhashi abhijaat varg key prabhutva vaale dou sabse shaktishali raajya bunn gaye they. donon ney apane prabhaav aur kshetra kaa vistaar karane kii koshish kii. austriyai samrajya-pavitra roman samrajya kii tarah-ack bahu-jaatiya raajya thaa, lekin vahaan german bhashi logon key paas poorna sankhyaatmak bahumat naheen thaa; austriyai-hangerian samrajya mein iska punah aakar anya jaatiyataon-vishesh roop seey hungarians key badhate raashtravaad kaa ack parinam thaa. russie netritva key tahat, otto wonn bismark sabhi uttari german bhoomi koo ekjut karane key liye raashtravaad kii coat-tail parr sawari karenge. 1866 key german yuddh mein bismark dwara austriya aur german austriyai logon koo germany seey baahar karane key baad aur (agale kuchh varshon mein kuchh anya ghatnaaon key baad), germany key ekikaran ney 1871 mein german bhashi raajyon key sangh key pramukh key roop mein wilheim aaee kii ghoshana key saath prussian-pradhaan german samrajya kii sthaapana kii, jabaki isake laakhon gair-german vishayon kii avahelana kii joe german shasson seey atmanirnaya chaahte they. pratham vishva yuddh key baad adolph hitler key satta mein aaney key dauran paine-germanwadi darshan mein bhaari badalaav aaya. paine-germanvaadiyon ney mool roop seey europe kii sabhi german bhashi aabaadi koo ack rashtra-raajya mein ekikrit karane kii maang kii, jise "grosdutioland" (grater germany) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jahaan "german bhashi" koo kabhi-kabhi german bhashi key paryaay key roop mein liya jaataa thaa, nimn deshon kii frisian-aur dutch bhashi aabaadi aur scandinavia koo shamil karane key liye.
haalaanki bismark ney 1871 mein austriya aur german austriyai logon koo cleandeautsland raajya key nirmaan seey baahar curr diyaa thaa, phir bhee german austriyai logon koo ekikrit karna austriya aur germany donon key kaee logon key liye ack majboot ichcha bunny rahee. sabse kattarpanthi austriyai paine-german jorg shoner (1842-1921) aur (1862-1941) ney austriyai-hangerian samrajya mein paine-germanwadi bhaavanaon koo vyakt kiya. rome seey door roman kaitholikwad kii asweekriti bhee thee! andolan (see. aeye. 1900 key baad) german-vaktaaon koo luthran yaa puraane catholic churchon key saath pehchaan karane kaa ahwan kartaa haye. paine-german andolan ney 1891 mein ack sansthaagat praarup praapt kiya, jaba leapsig vishvavidyalaya key ack professor aur reachstag key ack sadasya ney paine-german leag kaa ayojan kiya, joe ack atee-rashtravadi raajneetik-hita sangathan thaa, jisane samrajyavad, yahudi-virodhi aur anya deshon mein jaatiya german alpsankhyakon key liye samarthan koo badhaava diyaa.
sangathan ney shikshit madhyam aur uchch varg key beach bahut samarthan hassil kiya; isane german rashtravadi chetna koo badhaava diyaa, vishesh roop seey germany key baahar jaatiya germans key beach. apane teen khandon key kaam, "duesh politic" (1905-07) mein, europe mein german samrajyavadi vistaar kaa ahwan kiya haye. munich professor carle hashofer aur hains grim (upanyaas "volk ohane raam" key lekhak) ney isi tarah kii vistaarvaadi neetiyon kaa prachaar kiya. 
pratham vishva yuddh mein german pravesh key dauran, chansler theobald wonn bethman holweg ney sitambar karyakram koo adhikrit kiya, jisamen prastaav kiya gayaa thaa kii german samrajya pratham vishva yuddh kaa upayog paine-german rashtravadiyon dwara maange gaye kshetriya vilayon key samaan karane key liye kartaa haye. paschim german itihaaskaar fritz fisher ney apani 1962 kii thesis "pratham vishva yuddh mein germany key uddeshyon" mein tark diyaa kii yeh aur anya dastavejon ney sanket diyaa kii germany pratham vishva yuddh key liye jimmedaar thaa aur paine-german uddeshyon koo puuraa karane kaa irada rakhta thaa, halanki anya itihaskaron ney taba seey iss nishkarsh parr vivaad kiya haye. nausena mantri alfred wonn tirpitz ney chansler bethman holweg key dabaav mein mantrimandal seey istifa dey diyaa, jisake baad tirpitz ney aniyantrit pandubbi yuddh shuru karane key liye dabaav daala, tirpitz ney reachstag mein german pitribhoomi party key tahat paine-german rashtravadiyon koo ekjut kiya.
austriya mein paine-germanwad.
habsberg kshetron mein 1848 kii kraantiyon key baad, jisamen udaar rashtravadi krantikariyon ney adhik german samadhan kii vakaalat kii, austriya-russie yuddh (1866) mein austriyai haar key prabhaav seey austriya koo abb germany seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur bahurashtriya habsberg rajshahi mein jaatiya sanghrshon mein vriddhi, ack german rashtriya andolan austriya mein vikasit huaa. kattarpanthi german rashtravadi aur austriyai yahudi virodhi george ritter wonn shonerer key netritva mein, "paine-german samaaj" jaise sangathanon ney habsberg rajshahi key shasson key tahat sabhi german bhashi kshetron koo german samrajya mein vilay karane kii maang kii, aur austriyai raashtravaad aur ack paine-austriyai pehchaan koo utsaahpoorvak khariz curr diyaa. schnerer kii volkish aur naslavaadi german raashtravaad adolph hitler kii naazi vichardhara key liye ack prerana thee.
1933 mein, austriyai naazi aur rashtriya-udaarvaadi grater german peepuls party ney ack kaarravaai samooh kaa gathan kiya, joe austriya key austriyai fasiwadi sanghiya raajya key khilaf ack saath lada rhaa thaa, jisane ack alag austriyai rashtriya pehchaan lagu kii aur kahaa kii austriyai "behtar german they."curt shushnig ney naazi germany key prati tushtikaran kii neeti apnai aur austriya koo" "behtar german raajya" "kahaa, lekin phir bhee unhone austriya koo swatantra rakhane key liye sangharsh kiya. 1938 mein austriya key "ensclus" key saath, austriya key german rashtravadiyon kaa aitihaasik uddeshya hassil kiya gayaa thaa.
naazi germany key anta aur 1945 mein dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii ghatnaaon key baad, naziwad key saath unake judaav key kaaran paine-germanwad aur ack "enschellus" key vichaar paksh seey baahar hoe gaye aur austriyai logon koo apani rashtriya pehchaan vikasit karane kii anumati dee. phir bhee, iss tarah kii dhaaranaon koo swatantra dalon key sangh mein german rashtriya shivir aur austriya kii praarambhik swatantrata party key saath punarjeevit kiya gayaa thaa.
scandinavia mein paine-germanvad.
uttar german bhashi scandinavian logon koo ack paine-german raajya mein shamil karane key vichaar koo, jise kabhi-kabhi paine-germanwad key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, mukhyadhara key paine-german vichaaron key saath badhaava diyaa gayaa thaa. jacob grim ney munch key anty-dennish paine-germanwad koo apanaaya aur tark diyaa kii jutland kaa puuraa praaydweep daine key aagaman seey pahale germans dwara abad kiya gayaa thaa aur iss prakaar ise germany dwara uchit roop seey punah praapt kiya jaa sakata thaa, jabaki baaki denmark koo sweeden mein shamil kiya jaanaa chaahiye. iss soch kaa virodh ack puraatatvavid gens jacob asmussen versey ney kiya thaa, jinhone denwirke key kuchh hisson kii khudai kii thee, jinhone tark diyaa thaa kii dennish kshetra key shuruati nivaasiyon kii bhasha jaanane kaa koee tarika naheen thaa. unhone yeh bhee bataaya kii germany key paas france aur ingland key badey hisson parr adhik thhos aitihaasik daave they, aur slaav-usee tark seey-purvi germany key kuchh hisson koo jodd sakate they. versey key tarkon kii taakat kii parwah kiye binaa, paine-germanwad ney schlesswig aur holstein key german rashtravadiyon koo prerit kiya aur 1848 mein pahale schlesswig yuddh kaa netritva kiya. badale mein, isane iss tathya mein yogdan diyaa kii paine-germanwad ney kabhi bhee denmark mein utanaa naheen pakada jitna kii norwey mein kiya thaa. norwey key swatantrata andolan key beach paine-german pravrittiyaan vishesh roop seey vyaapak theen. pramukh samarthakon mein peater andreas munch, christopher brune, nutt hamson, heinrich ibsen aur beaurnstzern beaurnson shamil they. norwey key rashtragaan key liye geet likhane vaale beaurnson ney 1901 mein ghoshana keeh
 20veen shatabdi mein german naazi party ney ack badaa german reech banaane kii maang kii jisamen germany key netritva mein europe key adhikansh german loga shamil honge, jinamen daine, dutch, swedish, norwegian aur isake bheetar key flamish jaise loga shamil they.
naazi germany kii paine-german mahatvakankshaon key jawab mein 1930 aur 1940 key dashak mein denmark mein german-virodhi scandinevvad mein vriddhi hui.
1918 seey 1945 taka.
pratham vishva yuddh vyavhaar mein paine-german vichardhara koo lagu karane kaa pahala prayaas bunn gayaa, aur paine-german andolan ney vistaarvaadi samrajyavad key liye jordar tark diyaa.
pratham vishva yuddh mein haar key baad, madhya aur purvi europe parr german bhashi abhijaat varg kaa prabhaav bahut seemit thaa. varsaay kii sandhi mein, germany kaa aakar kaafee cumm hoe gayaa thaa. france mein lautane key baad alses-lorren bhee franchisation seey prabhaavit thaa. austriya-hangri vibhajit hoe gayaa thaa. ack rump austriya, joe kuchh hudd taka austriya-hangri key german bhashi kshetron seey mell khaata thaa (bahubhashi kshetron aur bhasha-exclave key kaaran bhasha samoohon mein ack poorna vibhajan asambhav thaa) ney germany key saath sangh kii ummeed mein "german austriya" () naam apanaaya. germany key saath sangh aur "german austriya" naam sent kii sandhi dwara varjit thaa. germain aur naam koo vaapas austriya mein badalana padaa.
yeh wimer ganarajya mein thaa kii austriyai mool key adolph hitler ney, peeth mein chhura ghonpane key mithak key prabhaav mein, pahali baar apane "mean camp" mein german rashtravadi vichaaron koo apanaaya. hitler 1918 mein heinrich varg seey milaa, aur varg ney hitler koo 1923 key bear holl putt key liye samarthan pradaan kiya. hitler aur unake samarthakon ney paine-german leag key saath adhikansh buniyaadi paine-german drishtikon saajha kiye, lekin raajneetik shally mein matbhedon ney donon samoohon koo pratidvandvita shuru karane key liye prerit kiya. bohemia kii german shramik party ney paine-german andolan seey apane sambandhon koo kaat diyaa, jise uchch vargon key prabhutva key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa, aur anton drexler key netritva vaali german shramikon kii party key saath senaa mein shamil hoe gaee, joe baad mein naazi party (rashtriya samajwadi german shramikon kii party, nsdap) bunn gaee, jiska netritva 1921 seey adolph hitler koo karna thaa.
naazi prachaar ney raajneetik naare "aina volk, aina reech, aina furer" ("ack loga, ack reech, ack netaa") kaa bhee upayog kiya, taaki austriya mein "enschellus" key liye paine-german bhavna koo lagu kiya jaa sakey.
anumaanit samrajya key liye chunaa gayaa naam pavitra roman samrajya (german rashtra key) kaa ack jaanboojhkar sandarbh thaa joe madhya yug mein maujood thaa, jise naazi itihaslekhan mein "pahala reech" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. german itihas mein iss madhyayugeen samrajya kii viraasat key vibhinn pahaluon koo naazi sarkaar dwara manaaya aur upahaas kiya gayaa thaa. hitler ney apani "saanskritik rachnaatmaktaa", sangathan kii apani shaktiyon aur vyakti key adhikaaron key tyag key liye spasht samrat sharlman kii prashansa kii. unhone pavitra roman samraton kii aalochana kii kii way apane swayam key samaan "ostapolitic" (purvi neeti) kaa paalan naheen curr rahey they, jabaki raajneetik roop seey vishesh roop seey dakshin parr dhyaan kendrit curr rahey they. enschellus" key baad, hitler ney vienna mein rahane vaale puraane shaahi raaj (shaahi mukut, shaahi talwar, pavitra bhaala aur anya vastuen) koo neuremberg mein sthanantarit karane kaa adesh diyaa, jahaan unhein 1424 aur 1796 key beach rakhaa gayaa thaa. neuremberg, pavitra roman samrajya kii poorv anaupchaarik rajdhani honey key alawa, neuremberg railiyon kaa sthaan bhee thaa. iss prakaar rajkosh kaa hastaantaran hitler kii germany koo "puraane reech" key uttaradhikari key roop mein vaidh banaane key liye kiya gayaa thaa, lekin poorv shaahi nivaas vienna koo bhee kamjor curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
1939 mein bohemia parr german kabje key baad, hitler ney ghoshana kii kii pavitra roman samrajya koo "punarjeevit" curr diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki unhone gupt roop seey apane samrajya koo puraane "roman" samrajya seey behtar banaae rakhaa. barbartapurna antarrashtriya catholic samrajya" key vipareet, german rashtra kaa german reech naslavaadi aur rashtravadi hoga. madhya yug key moolyon kii or lautane key bajaay, isaki sthaapana "ack nae swarn yug kii or ack dhakka honah thaa, jisamen ateet key sarvottam pahaluon koo aadhunik naslavaadi aur rashtravadi soch key saath jodaa jaayega.
pavitra roman samrajya kii aitihaasik seemaon kaa upayog nsdap dwara kshetriya sanshodhanvaad key aadhar key roop mein bhee kiya jaataa thaa, joe aadhunik kshetron aur raajyon parr daavaa karate they joe kabhi iska hissa they. yuddh seey pahale bhee, hitler ney westfelia kii shaanti koo ulatane kaa sapana dekhaa thaa, jisane samrajya key kshetron koo lagbhag poorna samprabhuta dee thee. 17 navambar, 1939 koo, prachaar mantri joseph goebbles ney apani diarry mein likhaa kii iss aitihaasik sandhi kaa "kull parisamapan" naazi shasson kaa "mahaan lakshya" thaa, aur choonki iss parr munster mein hastakshar kiye gaye they, isaliye ise usee shahar mein aadhikarik roop seey nirast bhee kiya jaayega.
heim inn reech" ("reech key ghar vaapas") pahal naazi dwara apnai gaee ack neeti thee jisane naazi germany (jaise austriya aur sudettenland mein) key baahar rahane vaale jaatiya germans koo yeh samajhaane kaa prayaas kiya kii unhein inn kshetron koo "ghar" mein laane kaa prayaas karna chaahiye. iss dhaarana ney ack aur bhee adhik vistrit raajya kii kalpana karane kaa maarg prashast kiya, joe kii adhik german reech thaa, jise naazi germany ney sthaapit karane kii koshish kii. iss paine-german samrajya seey vyaavhaarik roop seey poore german europe koo ack bahut adhik vistaarit german reech mein aatmasaat karane kii ummeed thee. kshetriya roop seey, isamen pahale seey hii vistaarit reech (1938 seey pahale germany aur "grozdeutshe reech" mein sanlagn kshetron seey milkar), neetherland, belgium, uttar-purvi france key kshetra aitihaasik aur jaatiya roop seey german, denmark, norwey, sweeden, iceland, cumm seey cumm switzerland key german bhashi hisse aur lactainstein shamil hain. sabse ullekhaniya apavaad mukhya roop seey anglo-saxon united kingdam thaa, jise ack german praant mein cumm karane key roop mein naheen balki isake bajaay germans kaa ack sahayogi samudri bhagidar banane key liye anumaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
ukraine aur roose key vishal hisson mein purvi "reichscomissariots" kaa bhee bhavishya key ekikaran key liye irada thaa, unake liye yojanaaen volga yaa yahaan taka kii ural seey parey bhee faili hui theen. unhein german rashtra key astitva key liye mahatvapurna ruchi maanaa jaataa thaa, kyonki yeh naazi vichardhara kaa ack mool siddhant thaa kii ise "rahane kii jagah" ("lebensram") kii aavashyakta thee, jisase "poorv kii or khinchaav" ("drang naach osten") paida huaa, jahaan ise paaya jaa sakata thaa aur upanivesh kiya jaa sakata thaa, ack model mein kii naazi spasht roop seey sudur paschim mein americi prakat niyati aur mool nivaasiyon key safaaye seey praapt hue they.
sangathan key netritva key beach, vishesh roop seey stellingrad kii ladaai key baad, waffen-aiss. aiss. key videshi swayamsevak teji seey gair-german mool key they (ee.jee. felix steiner) ack badey german samrajya key prastaav ney swa-shaasit raajyon key europeeya sangh kii avadharana koo raasta diyaa, joe german aadhipatya aur bolshevism key samanya dushman dwara ekikrit thaa. waffen-aiss. aiss. koo ack samanya europeeya senaa kaa antim kendra honah thaa jahan pratyek raajya kaa pratinidhitva ack rashtriya dall dwara kiya jaayega. haalaanki, himler ney swayam inn vichaaron koo koee riyayat naheen dee, aur aprail 1943 mein 1st Ss division leibstandart ss adolph hitler, 2nd Ss panger division "daas reech" aur 3rd Ss division "totenkoff" key adhikaariyon koo diye gaye ack bhaashan mein apane paine-germanic drishti koo banaae rakhaah
1945 seey itihas.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein germany kii haar ney paine-germanwad kii girawat koo janm diyaa, jitna kii pratham vishva yuddh ney paine-slavism key patan kaa kaaran banaa thaa. germany key kuchh hisse khud tabah hoe gaye they, aur desh koo pahale soviyat, francisi, americi aur british kshetron mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa aur phir paschim germany aur purvi germany mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. austriya koo germany seey alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur austriya mein german pehchaan bhee kamjor hoe gaee thee. europe mein dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta ney pahale vishva yuddh kii tulanaa mein germany key liye aur bhee badaa kshetriya nuksan laaya, jisamen purvi germany key vishal hisse seedhe soviyat sangh aur polland dwara apane saath jode gaye. germans kii haar kaa paimana abhootpoorv thaa; paine-germanwad varjit hoe gayaa kyonki yeh naazi party dwara "master races" aur "nordickwad" kii naslavaadi avadhaaranaon seey bandha huaa thaa. haalaanki, 1990 mein germany key punarmilan ney purani bahason koo punarjeevit kiya.
bhee dekhein.
18veen shatabdi aur usase pahale
19veen shatabdi
20veen sadee
sandarbh.
notes
aage padhein

