sutton huu helmate

sutton huu helmate ack sajaaya huaa anglo-saxon helmate haye joe 1939 mein sutton huu jahaaj-kabr kii khudai key dauran paaya gayaa thaa. ise varshon key aspas dafnaya gayaa thaa aur yeh vyaapak roop seey ack anglo-saxon netaa, purvi anglia key raajaa redwald key saath judaa huaa haye; isaki vistrit sajawat ney ise ack mukut key samaan ack maadhyamik kaary diyaa hoga. helmate donon ack karyatmak kavach kaa tukada thaa joe yuddh mein upayog kiye jaane parr kaafee suraksha pradaan kartaa, aur ack sajawati, pratishthit dhaatu kaa tukada. ack puraataatvik khoj seey ack pratishthit vastu jise "british tutankhamen" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, yeh praarambhik madhya yug, "samanya roop seey puraatatva" aur ingland kaa prateek bunn gayaa haye.
mukh mein bhaunhen, naak aur moonchhen hoti hain, joe ack ajgar key sir seey judey ack aadami kii chhavi banaati hain joe failaaye hue pankhon key saath ack oonchaa ajgar bunn jaataa haye. ise saikadon jung key tukadon key roop mein khudai kii gaee thee; pahale 1945-46 mein praarambhik punarnirmaan key baad pradarshit kiya gayaa, isane 1970-71 mein dusare punarnirmaan key baad apana vartamaan roop leey liya.
helmate aur site seey anya kalakritiyon koo edith kii sampatti honey key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa, joe usa bhoomi key malik they jiss parr way paae gaye they. unhone unhein british sangrahalaya mein daan curr diyaa, jahan kamra 41 mein helmate sthaayi roop seey pradarshit kiya gayaa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
helmate koo anya rajkosh aur shakti key upkaranon key beach ack susajjit jahaaj-dafan key hisse key roop mein dafnaya gayaa thaa, joe shayed saatvin shatabdi kii shuruat seey haye. jahaaj koo paas kii nadee seey pahaadi taka kheencha gayaa thaa aur ack taiyar khaai mein utaar diyaa gayaa thaa. isake ander, helmate koo kapade mein lapetkar shareer key sir key baain or rakhaa gayaa thaa. jahaaj key chaaron or ack andakar tealey kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. bahut samay baad, kaksh kii chhat tealey key vajan key neeche hinsak roop seey gir gaee, jisase jahaaj kii samagri koo mitty kii ack seam mein sankuchit curr diyaa gayaa.
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii helmate yaa tou dafan kaksh key girane seey yaa usa parr kissy anya vastu key girane seey toot gayaa thaa. helmate key tootane kaa matlab thaa kii iska punarnirmaan sambhav thaa. aggar helmate koo lohe key poori tarah seey aukseekrit honey seey pahale kuchal diyaa jaataa, tou helmate koo abhee bhee naram chhod diyaa jaataa, jisase ise vendal aur wallsgard helmate key samaan vikrit aakar mein chhod diyaa jaataa.
malik.
jahaaj mein dabey vyakti kii pehchaan karane key prayaas lagbhag usa kshan seey jaari hain jaba kabr kaa pataa chalaa thaa. pasandida ummidwar, kuchh apvaadon key saath jaba baad mein dafanaane key baare mein socha gayaa thaa, tou vaha redwald thaa; maanaa jaataa haye kii uska raajya, purvi anglia, randlesham mein thaa, joe sutton huu seey oopar thaa. redwald key liye mamla, kissy bhee tarah seey nirnaayak naheen haye, dafanaane kii tarikh, dhana aur vastuon kii prachurta koo rajkosh key roop mein pahachaana jaataa haye, aur, ack raajaa key liye upayukt haye jisane dou vediyaan rakhee, isai aur moortipoojak donon prabhaavon kii upasthiti.
redwald.
anglo-saxon itihaaskaar saiman keynes key anusaar, purvi anglia key raajaa redwald key baare mein kyaa cumm jaankaari gyaat haye, joe "kahawat daak tikat key peechhe" fitt hoe sakati haye. lagbhag joe kuchh bhee darj kiya gayaa haye vaha benedictine bhikshu bede dwara aathvin shatabdi key "historia acclesistica gentis anglorum" seey aataa haye, joe kii pahale seey hii kharaab darj kiye gaye redwald key jeevan key gyaan koo aisee cheejon kii dayaa parr chhodata haye, jaise kii church kii lattin vaakya rachana kii alag-alag vyaakhyaaen. bede likhate hain kii redwald tytilla kaa betaa aur wufa kaa potaa thaa, jisase purvi anglion woofings rajvansh ney apana naam praapt kiya. apane-apane karyon "flores historium" aur "chronica mejora" mein, vendover aur mattheau peris key terahavin shatabdi key itihaaskaar roser ney 599 mein tytilla kii mrityu aur simhaasan parr redwald key samvarti uttaradhikar koo sthaan diyaa.
kissy bhee ghatana mein, redwald cumm seey cumm 616 taka satta mein aaa gayaa hoga, jaba bede ney usey northumbria key advin kii or seey ack senaa badhaane aur nadee key purvi tata parr ack ladaai mein athelfrith koo haraane key roop mein darj kiya. bede key anusaar, redwald ney advin koo vaapas karane key liye athelfrith seey lagbhag rishwat sweekaar curr lii thee, isase pahale kii redwald kii patni ney usey khajaane parr dosti aur sammaan koo mahatva dene key liye raaji kiya. agami yuddh key baad, jisake dauran bede kaa kahana haye kii redwald kaa betaa regenhair maaraa gayaa thaa, redwald kii shakti shayed saat raajaon kii soochi mein shamil karane key liye paryaapt thee, jise bede ney kahaa thaa kii unhone nadee key dakshin mein poore ingland parr shasson sthaapit kiya haye, jise "imperium" kahaa jaataa haye; nauvin shatabdi key "anglo-saxon chronicle" ney bede kii soochi koo aathh taka vistaarit kiya aur shabd bretwalda yaa brytenwala koo lagu kiya, jiska shaabdik arth haye "britten kaa shaasak" yaa "britten kaa shaasak".
bedd ney kent kii yatra key dauran isai dharm mein parivartit honey kaa record kiya, kewal apani vaapsee parr apani patni dwara manaa kiya gayaa; baad mein unhone dou vediyon, ack moortipoojak aur ack isai key saath ack mandir rakhaa. sambhaavit ghatana mein kii yeh athelbert key kent key shasson key dauran thaa, yeh athelbert kii mrityu seey kuchh samay pahale 618 key aspas huaa hoga. redwald kii apani mrityu roodhivaadi roop seey 616 aur 633 key beach kii hoe sakati haye yadi bedd kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jinaki apani tithiyaan nirvivaad naheen hain. kuchh bhee adhik vishisht prashnagat vijay key baad key sroton parr nirbhar kartaa haye. wendover key roser ney binaa kissy aarop key daavaa kiya kii redwald kii mrityu 624 mein hui thee. baarahavin shatabdi key "libber allionsis" mein redwald key bete eorpwald kii mrityu hui, joe taba taka 627 mein apane pitaa key uttaradhikari they, jiska arth haye kii redwald kii mrityu taba seey pahale hoe gaee hogi. yadi poori tarah seey bede parr bharosa kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh kahaa jaa sakata haye kii redwald kii mrityu lagbhag 616 mein nadee key kinare athelfrith kii haar key beach hui, aur 633 mein, jaba advin, joe redwald kii mrityu key baad eorpwald koo isai dharm mein parivartit curr diyaa, kii mrityu hoe gaee.
tithi.
apane sammaanit vyakti kii pehchaan karane key kissy bhee vishvasaniya prayaas key liye sutton huu dafanaane key liye ack sateek tithi kii aavashyakta hoti haye. anya vastuon key saath paae gaye saintees soney key merovingian sikke dafanaane kaa sabse vastunishth saadhan pradaan karate hain. sikke-teen rikt sthaan aur dou chhote sillon key alawa-ack purse mein paae gaye they, aur way swayam kaafee ruchi kii vastuen hain. 1960 taka, aur kaafee hudd taka 19veen shatabdi key dauran sthaapit mudra sambandhi kalakram key aadhar parr, sutton huu sikke aam taur parr 650-660 vigyaapan key they. iss seema key saath dafanaane kaa shreya vibhinn roop seey aise raajaon koo diyaa jaataa thaa jaise athellere, enaa, athelwald, sigbert aur acgreak, jinamen seey sabhi ney dee gaee avadhi mein yaa usake aspas shasson kiya aur unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
varshon kii prastaavit seema, aur tadnusar raajiya visheshtaon koo baad key adhyayanon dwara sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen kuchh 700 merovingian soney key sikkon kii vishisht gambhirta koo liya gayaa thaa, joe samay key saath ghatati shuddhata key saath kuchh purvanumeyata key saath banaae gaye they, taaki ack sikke kii tarikh kaa anuman lagaaya jaa sakey. iss vishleshan seey pataa chalata haye kii purse mein navintam sikke 613 aur 635 esvi key beach banaae gaye they, aur sambhavatah anta kii tulanaa mein iss seema kii shuruat key karib they. yeh seema dafanaane key liye ack asthaayi "antim sthaan" haye, jisase pahale yeh naheen huaa hoga; kuchh samay baad, shayed varshon kii avadhi key baad, sikkon koo ekatra kiya gayaa aur dafnaya gayaa. yeye tithiyaan aam taur parr susangat hoti hain, lekin vishesh naheen, redwald key saath.
rajkosh.
rajkosh key roop mein pahachaani gaee vastuon kii upasthiti kaa upayog iss vichaar kaa samarthan karane key liye kiya gayaa haye kii dafanaane seey ack raajaa kaa smaran hotaa haye. kuchh aabhushanon kaa mahatva isaki samriddhi seey parey thaa. kandhe parr pahanana ack aupchaarik poshak kaa sujhaav detaa haye. soney kii badee bakal kaa vajan ack kuleen vyakti kii mrityu key badale mein dee gaee keemat key barabar haye; ise pahanane vaale ney iss prakaar ack kuleen vyakti key jeevan kii keemat apani belt parr pahan lii, joe dund seey mukti kaa pradarshan thaa joe ack raajaa key alawa kuchh anya logon key saath judaa hoe sakata thaa. helmate dhana aur shakti donon koo pradarshit kartaa haye, jisamen kharaab bhaun mein ack sanshodhan hotaa haye joe pahanane vaale koo ack-aankh vaale german devta odeen seey jodata haye.
dou anya vastuein, ack "chhadi" aur ack wheatstone, koee vyaavhaarik uddeshya pradarshit naheen karate hain, lekin unhein shakti key upkaranon key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye. tathaakathit chhadi yaa chhad, joe kewal soney aur garnet patti key roop mein jeevit rahati haye, sheersh parr ack angoothi key saath, sambandhit aroh, aur carbonic padaarth key nishan joe lakadi, hathidant yaa huddy hoe sakate hain, kaa koee spasht upayog naheen haye, lekin karyalaya key prateek key roop mein haye. doosari or, wheatstone saiddhaantik roop seey ack tej patthar key roop mein karyatmak haye, lekin iss tarah key upayog kaa koee saboot naheen dikhaata haye. isake najuk alankaran, jisamen ack sanshodhit aankh key saath ack nakkashidar sir bhee shamil haye, joe helmate parr odeen key sambhaavit sanket key samanantar haye, seey pataa chalata haye kii yeh bhee ack aupchaarik vastu thee, aur ise asthaayi roop seey ack rajdand key roop mein pahachaana gayaa haye.
samanvaya.
isai aur moortipoojak donon mahatva vaali vastuon kii upasthiti seey redwald key saath dafan key sambandh key liye aur saboot diye gaye hain. dafnana adhikansh mamalon mein jordar roop seey moortipoojak haye; ack jahaaj-dafan key roop mein, yeh britten mein isai dharm key gregorian punah parichay seey pahale ack moortipoojak abhyaas kii abhivyakti haye, aur hoe sakata haye kii yeh atikraman karane vaale spasht isai dharm kii antarnihit asweekriti key roop mein kaary kartaa hoe. halanki, vastuon key teen samoohon mein spasht isai prabhaav hainh dou scabbard boss, duss chaandi key katore aur dou chaandi key chammach. katora aur scabbard key malik pratyek cross pradarshit karate hain, pahala peechha karane key saath aur doosara closone key saath. chammach catholic church key saath aur bhee adhik nikatata seey judey hue hain, kyonki way ack cross key saath utkeern hain, aur naam παyλος (paulos) aur σαyλος (saulos), donon kaa upayog paul prerit dwara kiya gayaa thaa. bhale hii baptismal spoon naa houn, paul key roopaantaran kaa ahwan karate hue-ack siddhant jise kent mein redwald key roopaantaran seey jodaa gayaa haye-way spasht roop seey isai dharm seey judey hue hain.
anya.
sutton huu jahaaj-kabr seey jodane key liye redwald sabse aasaan naam hoe sakata haye, lekin aisaa karane key sabhi prayason key liye, yeye tark anunaya kii tulanaa mein adhik jore seey kiye gaye hain. ack gyaat naam aur ack prasiddh naam key saath ack dafan koo jodane kii ichcha, sabooton koo paar curr jaati haye. dafan nishchit roop seey dhana aur shakti donon kaa ack smaarak pradarshan haye, lekin jaruri naheen kii yeh redwald yaa ack raajaa kaa smaarak hoe; saiddhaantik roop seey, jahaaj-dafan ack dhaarmik bhent bhee hoe sakati thee. redwald kaa mamla sikkon kii tarikh parr bahut adhik nirbhar kartaa haye, phir bhee vartamaan tarikh kewal dou dashakon key bheetar sateek haye, aur merovingian sikke kaa kalakram pahale seey hii badal gayaa haye.
redwald kaa mamla iss dhaarana parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii madhya yug kii sampatti aur shakti kii aadhunik avadhaaranaaen sateek hain. sutton huu jahaaj-dafan kii sampatti aashcharyajanak haye kyonki koee samkaaleen samaantaaen naheen hain, lekin samaantaon kii kamee astitva kii ack vichitrata hoe sakati haye, jitna kii yeh redwald kii sampatti kaa ack sanketak hoe sakata haye. kaee anya anglo-saxon bairo koo jutai yaa luutaa gayaa haye, aur samkaaleen raajatva key baare mein jitna cumm jaanaa jaataa haye, samkaaleen raajatva kii kabron key baare mein utanaa hii cumm jaanaa jaataa haye; yadi raajatva naamak vastuon kaa koee vishesh mahatva hotaa, tou yeh raajatva key mahatva key bajaay dhaarmik hoe sakata thaa, aur yadi raajatva kii kabron key baare mein kuchh bhee pataa chalata haye, tou yeh haye kii kewal ameer dhana kii kabron mein bhee koee bhee raajaa khush hotaa. sardaaron, rajpratinidhiyon, raajaon aur sthiti kii talash karane vaale logon kii kabron key beach antar karna mushkil haye. jaba 687 mein wessex key raajaa kedwala key bhaai kent key mull koo maar diyaa gayaa, tou badale mein dee gaee keemat ack raajaa key wargild key barabar thee. yadi ack raajaa aur usake bhaai kaa jeevan samaan thaa, tou unaki kabron koo alag karna bhee utanaa hii kathin hoe sakata haye.
iss prakaar redwald ack sambhaavit lekin anishchit pehchaan bunny hui haye. british sangrahalaya key poorv nideshak surr david aim. willson ney likhaa, jabaki redwald koo sutton huu mein dafnaya gayaa hoga, "chhota shabd" koo redwald kii kissy bhee pehchaan mein laaya jaanaa chaahiye. hoe sakata haye kii yeh "yaa" bhee "hoe sakata haye kii vaha cigabert hoe joe 630 key dashak kii shuruat mein marr gayaa thaa, yaa yeh uska avaidh bhaai hoe sakata haye yadi usake paas ack (aur adhikansh logon ney kiya), yaa 610 seey 650 taka purvi anglia kaa koee anya mahaan vyakti thaa."
varnan.
ack anuman key anusaar, sutton huu helmate lohe seey banaa thaa aur tinn vaale kansya kii sajaae gaye sheets seey dhakaa huaa thaa. moulding kii bansuri pattiyon ney baahari hisse koo panels mein vibhajit kiya, jinamen seey pratyek parr paanch designs mein seey ack key saath muhar lagaai gaee thee. dou murtikala drishyon koo darshaate hain, ack aur dou zooformic interlessed pattern; ack paanchvaan pattern, joe kewal saat chhote tukadon seey jaanaa jaataa haye aur punarsthapana mein asamarth haye, ack anyatha samamit helmate parr kewal ack baar honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye aur ack kshatigrast panel koo badalane key liye upayog kiya jaa sakata haye.
inn paanch designs key astitva koo aam taur parr 1947 mein prakaashit pahale punarnirmaan key baad seey samajha gayaa haye. baad key teen dashakon ney samkaaleen chhaviyon mein designs aur unaki samaantaon kii samajh koo badhaava diyaa, jisase poorna panels key sambhaavit punarnirmaan koo unnat kiya jaa sakaa, aur dusare punarnirmaan key madhyam seey helmate kii satah parr unake sthaanon koo laal kiya jaa sakaa. jaisa kii neeche ullekh kiya gayaa haye, designs koo rupert broose-mitford key 1978 key kaam key anusaar kramaankit kiya gayaa haye.
nirmaan.
helmate kaa mool hissa lohe seey banaa thaa aur isamen ack topi thee jisase chehare kaa mukhauta aur gaal aur gardan key gaard latakaae gaye they. topi koo dhaatu key ack tukade seey aakar mein peeta gayaa thaa. isake donon taraf lohe key gaal key gaard latakaae gaye they, joe chehare key poore hisse kii raksha karane key liye paryaapt gahare they, aur urdhvaadhar aur kshaitij donon tarah seey ander kii or ghumaavdaar they. prati paksh dou tikaa, sambhavatah chamade seey baney, inn tukadon koo sahaara dete hain, jisase unhein chehare key mask seey flush kiya jaa sakata haye aur chehare koo poori tarah seey gher liya jaa sakata haye.
ack gardan kaa rakshak topi key peechhe seey judaa huaa thaa aur dou ativyaapi tukadon seey banaa thaah topi key ander ack chhota tukada sett kiya gayaa thaa, jisake oopar neeche kii or faile ack vistrit pankhe jaise khand koo jodaa gayaa thaa, "seedhe oopar seey neeche taka lekin gardan kii rekha kaa paalan karane key liye baad mein ghumaavdaar thaa."ander key hisse mein gardan key rakshak koo atirikt gati pradaan kii jaati thee, aur gaal key rakshakon kii tarah chamade key tikaaon dwara topi seey jodaa jaataa thaa. anta mein, chehare key mask koo donon taraf aur naak key oopar topi parr baandh diyaa gayaa thaa. dou cutout ney aankh kholane key roop mein kaam kiya, jabaki ack tihai overlade naak key khokhale mein khul gayaa, jisase neeche dou nasika-jaise chhed taka pahunch kii suvidha hoti haye; halanki yeye chhed chhote hotey hain, lekin yeye pahanane vaale key liye taaji havaa key kuchh sroton mein seey ack hotey.
lohe kii moolbhoot parat key oopar dibbe mein dandedar kansya kii sajawati chaadaren rakhee gaee theen. inn sheets koo paanch murtikala yaa zoomorphic designs mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen "pressbulch" prakriya dwara nirmit kiya gayaa thaa. torslunda plates key samaan poorv-nirmit dye koo patali dhaatu seey dhakaa gayaa thaa, joe lagu bull key madhyam seey, neeche key design koo leey jaataa thaa; iss prakaar samaan designs koo usee dye seey badey paimaane parr utpaadit kiya jaa sakata thaa, jisase helmate aur anya vastuon parr unake baar-baar upayog kii anumati milati thee. safed mishra dhaatu key moulding kii bansuridar pattiyan-sambhavatah tinn aur tambe kii, aur sambhavatah swaz-designs koo frame kiye gaye panels mein vibhajit kiya gayaa, joe kansya rivet dwara helmate parr rakhe gaye they. shikhar key saath aage seey peechhe kii or chalane vaali dou pattiyan soney seey dhaki theen. helmate key kinaaron koo yuu-aakar key peetal key nalikaon dwara sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa, jise swaz kiye gaye kansya clip dwara baandh diyaa gayaa thaa aur swayam koo helmate key saath kinaaron koo saajha karane vaale "pressbulch" panels koo aage pakadate hue rakhaa gayaa thaa.
helmate mein sajawat kii ack antim parat ack shikhar, bhaunhen, naak aur munh kaa tukada aur teen dragon sir jodati haye. ack khokhla lohe kaa shikhar topi key oopar seey gujarta thaa aur saamane aur peechhe samaapt hotaa thaa. yeh dee-section tube seey banaa thaa aur isamen dou bhaag they, ack ulta yuu-aakar kaa tukada jisake neeche ack sapaat patti rakhee gaee thee. choonki soulder kaa koee nishan naheen bachaa haye, hoe sakata haye kii shikhar yaa tou jaali hoe yaa topi parr sikud gayaa hoe. shikhar key donon chhor seey ack lohe kii taang faili hui thee, jisamen seey pratyek koo ack soney key rung kaa ajgar sir diyaa gayaa thaa. joe saamane kii or cast kansya seey banaa thaa, jabaki peechhe kii or ack dusare mishra dhaatu seey banaa thaa, aur abb jyaadaatar tinn oxide mein gir gayaa haye.
kansya mein daala gayaa ack teesara dragon sir, helmate key saamane kii or oopar kii or thaa aur chehare key mask aur topi key beach vimaan koo toda diyaa; isaki gardan chehare key mask parr ticky hui thee, jabaki isaki aankho key neeche ise ack badey rivet shank dwara topi parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. gardan key donon taraf ack khokhali kansya bhaunhen pesh kii gaee, jisamen seey pratyek mein samanantar chaandi key taar lagaae gaye they. antim suar key siron koo soney seey sajaaya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii bhaunhon key neeche they, jahaan vyaktigat kansya kakshon mein vargakar garnet hotey they. bhaunhen apane baahari chhor parr topi aur ack naak aur munh key tukade kii taang taka donon parr rivet kii gaee theen joe dragon key sir kii gardan key neeche oopar kii or faili hui thee. iss taang koo topi key liye khud hii rivet kiya gayaa thaa, joe kansya naak aur munh key tukade key liye paanch sanlagnak binduon mein seey ack thaa.
naak key donon taraf "dou chhoti goal prakshepit platein" theen, joe bansuri aur swaged strips seey judee hui theen, aur rivet koo chhipaati theen. taar kii ack jadit patti ney naak kii katak kii lambai koo badhaaya, jisake buggle mein "prishthabhoomi koo neeche mukka maaraa gayaa thaa" aur neele yaa kissy anya dhaatu key jadan seey bharaa gayaa thaa, jisase "tribhuj" chaandi key they. ack tracer (ack "balki kund chheni. . . mukhya roop seey ") koo rekhaankit karane key liye upayog kiya jaataa thaa, jiska upayog pratyek taraf ack nalidar seema pradaan karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. anunaasik pull koo kshaitij roop seey ack taraf chalaate hue prati taraf teen mukka lagaae gaye vritt they, jinhen chaandi seey jadaa gayaa thaa aur sambhavatah neele seey ghiraa huaa thaa.
inn vritton key neeche, naak key kendra seey isake kinaaron taka kshaitij roop seey chalane vaale saade bansuri aur billated strips kii vaikalpik panktiyon kaa peechha kiya gayaa joe kendriya patti aur ack billated nichale kinare key beach tirchhe roop seey chalati hain."isi pattern koo moonchh parr urdhvaadhar tareeke seey dohraya jaataa haye. nichale honth key saath vakr, badale mein, naak key pull parr upayog kiye gaye vrittakar pattern koo dohrata haye. bhaunhen aur dragon key sir seey dhake bhaagon koo chhodkar, yaa chaandi yaa neelo seey sajaae gaye, naak aur munh key tukade koo bhaari soney kaa rung diyaa gayaa thaa, joe paaraa kii upasthiti seey aag-nirmaan vidhi key saath kiya gayaa thaa.
helmate kii samroopata koo todana dou bhauhen mein sookshm antar haye, aur closone garnet koo banaane key liye niyojit tarikon mein. nipun aur bhayaavah bhauhen, halanki pahali nazar mein samaan hain, hoe sakata haye kii "alag-alag tarikon seey nirmit kii gaee houn jabaki anivarya roop seey samaan dikhane kaa irada hoe."dextor brow bhayaavah kii tulanaa mein lagbhag 5 millimeter chhota hotaa haye, aur isamen 46 chaandi key taaron aur ack yaa dou cumm garnet key bajaay 43 hotey hain. dextor bhaun parr soney kaa rung kharaab key "peele" rung key khilaf "laal rung" mein thaa, jabaki baad vaale mein paaraa aur ack tinn jung utpaad donon kii matra hoti haye joe isake samkaksh seey anupasthit hoti haye. isake alawa, jabaki vyaktigat kansya koshikaaen jinamen garnet sett kiye jaate hain, donon dextor brow parr aur chaar shesh dragon aankho mein seey teen parr, "hatched gold foil" key chhote tukadon dwara neeche kiye jaate hain, joe dusht paksh parr hotey hain, aur oopari dragon key sir kii dusht aankh, aisee koee peeth naheen hoti haye. soney kii peeth ney garnet key madhyam seey prakaash koo pratibimbit karane key liye kaam kiya, unaki chamak koo badhaaya aur unakaa rung gahara kiya. jahan yeh samarthan bhayaavah bhaunh aur ack dragon aankh parr gayab thaa, vahaan garnet kii chamak koo kansya key khilaf seedhe sthaan dwara mund kiya gayaa hoga.
dragon rupankanon.
helmate parr teen dragon siron kaa pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye. dou kansya-gilt dragon haid khopadi topi key saamane seey peechhe taka chalane vaale lohe key shikhar key donon chhor parr dikhaai dete hain. teesara dou bhauhen key beach key junction parr baithata haye, oopar kii or munh kartaa haye aur udate samay ajgar kii chhaap paida karane key liye bhauhen, naak aur moonchon dwara poorna roop diyaa jaataa haye. ajgar oopar kii or udataa haye, usake garnet-line vaale pankh shayed ack aag kii parat koo vyakt karane key liye hotey hain, aur helmate key naatakiya kendra bindu mein, shikhar seey neeche udate hue saamp jaise ajgar parr apane daant daalate hain.
helmate key aabhushanon kii iss hudd taka, iss tarah kii sajawat kaafee hudd taka dragon seey judey tatvon taka hii seemit haye. sir mein doobe uttal garnet dragon koo laal aankhen dete hain. bhaunhen isi tarah apane nichale kinaaron parr vargakar garnet key saath jakad dee jaati hain, pratyek taraf baahar kii or jaari rahati hain jahan way soney key rung key sooaron key sir mein samaapt hoti hain; pankhon key roop mein unake maadhyamik sajawati kaary key alawa, bhaunhen isaliye sooaron key shareer key roop mein ack tritiyak roop leey sakati hain. bhaunhon key beach sookshm antar, jisamen dextor parr niyojit soney kii panni kaa abhaav haye, ack aankh vaale bhagwan key liye ack sanket kaa sujhaav dey sakata haye; cumm prakaash mein dekhaa jaataa haye, kewal ack aankh key garnet key saath prakaash koo pratibimbit karate hue, helmate mein kewal ack aankh prateet hoti haye.
adhik sonaa bhaunhen, naak aur munh key tukade koo aur dragon key sir koo dhaka detaa haye, kyonki yeh dou bansuridar pattiyon koo kartaa haye joe shikhar koo gherate hain. shikhar aur bhauhen chaandi key taaron seey aage judee hui hain. dibbaband kansya key chaandi key rung key saath, prabhaav "jaley hue chaandi key dhaatu kii ack vastu thee, joe soney key ack trailework mein sett kii gaee thee, vishal chaandi key shikhar seey oopar, aur soney key aabhushanon, garnet aur neel key saath sushobhit thee."
design 1: nritya yoddha.
nritya yoddhaon kaa drishya chhah tukadon seey jaanaa jaataa haye aur helmate parr chaar baar hotaa haye. yeh bhaunhon key turant oopar dou panels parr dikhaai detaa haye, joe paanch tukadon key liye jimmedaar haye. chhathe tukade koo dextor gaal gaard kii beach kii pankti mein, chehare key mask key sabse karib panel parr rakhaa jaataa haye; helmate kii aam taur parr samamit prakriti kaa arth haye vipareet disha mein bhee design kii sthiti. chhah tukadon mein seey koee bhee donon yoddhaon koo naheen dikhaata haye, halanki "pramukh tukada" unaki cross kii hui kalaai koo darshaata haye. pahale punarnirmaan key baad drishya key poorna punarnirmaan kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa, jaba rupert broose-mitford ney sweeden mein chhah saptah bitaaye aur tatkalin aprakaashit wallsgard 7 helmate parr lagbhag samaan design dikhaaya gayaa thaa.
design 1 chitra dou loga "nagrik yaa aupchaarik poshak mein" shayed ack bhaala yaa talwar nritya mein lagey hue hain "joe yuddh-devta odin key panth seey judey hain."unake baahari haath dou bhaale pakadate hain, apane pairon kii or ishara karate hain, jabaki unake paar kiye hue haath talwar pakadate hain. chitran "jatil upaay", "lay" aur "loach" kaa sujhaav detaa haye. . . nritya key kadam."unake peechhe key baahari pair aur ghumaavdaar koolhon kaa arth ack-dusare kii or chalana haye, aur way nritya key charmotkarsh mein hoe sakate hain.
samkaaleen scandinavian aur uttari kalaa mein "andolan kii yojana kii prastuti kii samaantaa" key saath nritya drishyon kii vyaapaktaa seey pataa chalata haye kii anushthaan nritya "prasiddh ghatanaaen theen."vishesh roop seey talwar nritya pahali shatabdi esvi kii shuruat mein german janjaatiyon key beach darj kiye gaye they, jaba tacitus ney" "[aine] acade yuvaaon key baare mein likhaa thaa joe talvaaron aur lens key beach nritya mein bandhe khel kaa abhyaas karate hain", "ack" "tamasha" "joe hamesha harr sabhaa mein kiya jaataa thaa."suutan huu udaaharan dwara joe bhee arth vyakt kiya gayaa," anushthaan nritya spasht roop seey kissy vishesh yug taka seemit fashion kaa koee vichitra naheen thaa, lekin sadiyon seey cumm yaa jyada aparivartit roop mein abhyaas kiya jaataa thaa."
jabaki kaee samkaaleen design anushthaan nrityon koo chitrit karate hain, cumm seey cumm teen udaaharan sutton huu helmate parr asadharan roop seey samaan drishya dikhaate hain aur chitrit talwar nritya kii samajh mein yogdan karate hain. ack hii design-samaan lekin haath mein pakade gaye ack alag prakaar key bhaale key liye, poshak kaa ack alag pattern, aur dou purushon key peechhe cross bhaale kii kamee-wallsgard 7 helmate parr paaya jaataa haye, jabaki gamla upsala mein purvi tealey seey muhar luggy hui panni kaa ack chhota saa tukada "harr sambandh mein sutton huu helmate parr sambandhit yoddha key itane karib haye kii pahali nazar mein usee dye seey dikhaai detaa haye", aur hoe sakata haye kii "usee aadami dwara kaataa gayaa hoe."
teesari samaan rachana chaar torslunda plates mein seey ack haye, joe 1870 mein sweeden key oland mein khoji gaee thee. yeh plate, joe poori haye aur design 1 parr samaan visheshtaon key saath ack aakriti koo darshaati haye, sutton huu udaaharan mein purushon key sambandh koo "odin key panth key saath" bataati haye."torslunda aakriti mein ack aankh naheen haye, jise lazer scanning seey pataa chalaa haye kii shayed saanche key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale mool model mein ack" "tej cutt" "dwara hataa diyaa gayaa haye."odeen ney bhee ack aankh khou dee, iss prakaar usake roop mein torslunda aakriti kii pehchaan kaa pramaan milata haye, aur usake bhakton key roop mein suutan huu aakritiyaan.
design 2: savaar aur patit yoddha.
aathh tukadon aur pratinidhitvon mein dusare design key sabhi gyaat udaaharan shamil hain, aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh mool roop seey helmate parr baarah baar dikhaai diyaa thaa, halanki yeh maanata haye kii agyaat teesara design, joe baarah panels mein seey ack parr kabja curr letaa haye, ack kshatigrast panel key liye ack pratisthaapan thaa. aisaa maanate hue, pattern ney khopadi topi kii sabse nichali pankti parr aathh sthaanon parr kabja curr liya (i.ee., donon koo chhodkar sabhi design 1), aur dou panel, ack dusare key oopar shikhar kii or badhate hue, pratyek paksh key kendra mein. design 2 dikhaane vaale sabhi panel ack hii dye seey maare gaye prateet hotey hain. iss prakaar ghodaa aur savaar helmate key chaaron or ghadee kii disha mein chalate hain, dextor side parr helmate key peechhe kii or aur saamane kii or badhate hain.
vishesh roop seey "kendriya kshetra" seey design 2 key paryaapt khand gayab hain, isaliye punarnirmaan usee drishya key mahadvipiya sanskaranon parr nirbhar kartaa haye. vishesh roop seey, isi tarah key drishya wallsgard 7 aur 8 helmate, vendal 1 helmate aur plijausen bractate parr dekhe jaate hain. baad vaalaa tukada, vishesh roop seey, donon poorna aur lagbhag sutton huu design key samaan haye. halanki ack darpan chhavi, aur design 2 mein chitrit kuchh vivaranon kii kamee jaise kii savaar dwara leey jaaee gaee talwar aur gire hue yoddha dwara pahani gaee khurli, yeh anya vivaranon kaa sujhaav detaa haye jaise kii ghutane tekane vaali aakriti dwara rakhee gaee chhoti dhaal.
design 2 mein ack ghudsavaar yoddha koo dikhaaya gayaa haye, bhaala oopar seey pakada gayaa haye, joe dushman koo jameen parr raund rhaa haye. baad vaalaa oopar kii or jhukata haye aur apane baaen haath kii bagdor pakadate hue, ghode kii chhaati mein talwar daalane key liye apane daahine haath kaa upayog kartaa haye. ghode key choore key oopar ack "chhota maanav, yaa cumm seey cumm maanav aakriti" ghutane tekta haye."aakriti shaileegat roop seey ghudsavaar key samaan haye. isaki bhujaaen aur pair ack samaan sthit hain, aur savaar key saath milkar, yeh apane daahine haath seey bhaala pakadata haye.
antarnihit pratima rachana 2 agyaat haye. yeh roman model seey vyutpann hoe sakata haye, jisamen aksar parajit dushmanon koo raundane vaale yoddhaon kii chhaviyon koo darshaaya gayaa haye. design key baad key vikas, joe ingland, sweeden aur germany mein paaya gayaa haye, seey pataa chalata haye kii iska ack anootha arth thaa jise vyaapak roop seey german parampara mein samajha jaataa thaa. jabaki roman udaharanon mein savaaron koo ayogya jeet key kshanon mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, german pratinidhitva mein drishya aspasht haye.
prateekvaad spasht naheen haye, aur jeet key tatvon koo haar key tatvon key saath jodaa jaataa haih savaar apane bhaale koo ack adrishya dushman parr seedhe aage leey jaataa haye, naa kii jameen parr dikhaai dene vaale dushman parr; haalaanki dushman koo raunda jaataa haye, savaar key ghode koo ack ghaatak ghaav seey nipata jaataa haye; aur ack chhota aur sambhavatah divya aakriti savaar key peechhe ghoomati haye, iska shareer ack vijayi swastika kaa roop leey rhaa haye jabaki yeh bhaala kaa margadarshan kartaa haye. isaliye design kaa ack vyaapak vishay bhaagya kaa hoe sakata haye. iss samajh mein, sambhavatah odeen, yoddha kaa yuddh mein margadarshan kartaa haye, lekin usey una ghaatak khatron seey poori tarah seey mukt naheen kartaa haye jinka vaha saamana kartaa haye. devta swayam bhaagya kii sanak key adheen hain, aur savaar key dushmanon key khilaf kewal seemit madad pradaan curr sakate hain.
design 3: agyaat murtikala drishya.
saat chhote tukade suutan huu helmate parr kaheen ack teesare murtikala drishya kaa sujhaav dete hain. phir bhee way bahut chhote aur aspasht hain joe drishya key punarnirmaan kii anumati dete hain. isaki upasthiti ack aur chaar baar key beach sujhaai jaati haye; kyonki anya tukade helmate key sabhi saat upalabdh panels parr design 1 yaa design 2 kii ghatana koo pradarshit karate hain, aur dextor paksh parr sabse aage dou panels parr (uchchatam dextor panel key alawa), design 3 kii placement dextor paksh parr helmate key peechhe kii or hui hogi.
joe design 3 kaa avashesh haye, vaha yeh sujhaav dey sakata haye kii ack design 2 panel koo nuksan koo thheek karane key liye ack "variant ryder drishya" kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii wallsgard 6 helmate parr ack advitiya "pressbulch" design kaa marammat mein upayog kiya gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, tukade (aeye) mein samanantar roop seey ubhari hui rekhaaon key samoohon koo dikhaaya gayaa haye joe "pratiroopit satah mein konn yaa disha key parivartan key saath" patrachar mein chala rahey hain, joe kii sutton huu aur anya savaar drishyon key saadrishya parr, ack ghode key shareer kaa dridhata seey sujhaav dete hain."halanki chhota, tukada (dee) samaan pattern dikhaata haye aur ack samaan vyakhya kaa sujhaav detaa haye. iss beach, tukada (bee), "dou millimeter kii doori parr dou kendrit khadee rekhaaon" koo dikhaata haye, aur "ack dhaal key kinare kaa ack khand prateet hotaa haye joe usee vyaas kaa hoga joe design 2 mein savaar dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa."
pratisthaapan panel key roop mein design 3 key siddhant koo helmate key peechhe kii or kshati seey kuchh samarthan milata haye, lekin tukade (see) key sthaan seey virodhabhasi haye. aage seey peechhe taka poorna shikhar, peechhe key dragon sir key oopar gayab haye. yeh sir jyaadaatar gayab haye, aur 1945-46 punarnirmaan seey anupasthit haye. inn laapata bhaagon koo broose-mitford dwara ack sambhaavit sanket key roop mein pesh kiya jaataa haye kii ack samay mein helmate koo nuksan huaa thaa, jisase ack nae ghudsavaar drishya key saath cumm seey cumm ack design 2 panel kii bahaali kii aavashyakta thee.
yeh siddhant yeh naheen bataata haye kii peechhe key shikhar aur dragon key sir kii khud marammat kyon naheen kii gaee hogi, haalaanki, aur yeh tukade (see) seey madad naheen kartaa haye. yeh tukada ack panel key neeche baain or helmate key dextor key peechhe key punarnirmaan mein rakhaa gayaa ack kinara tukada haye jahaan yaa tou design 2 yaa design 3 kii ummeed kii jaati haye, phir bhee "kissy bhee anya jeevit tukade key saath sandarbh seey kaafee baahar ack alag tatva haye aur joe design 3 panel key vishay vastu key roop mein dikhaai detaa haye."broose-mitford kaa sujhaav haye kii choonki yeh ack kinare kaa tukada haye, isaliye yeh mool roop seey ack antaral koo bharane key liye ack anya tukade key neeche rakhaa gayaa ack scrap hoe sakata haye, kyonki yeh" anyatha aspasht haye."
design 4: badaa interless.
gaal key rakshakon, gardan key rakshak aur khopadi kii topi parr honey vaalaa, badaa interless pattern ack poorna punarnirmaan mein saksham thaa. dou chinhit murtikala drishyon key vipareet, poorna dye prabhaavon key alawa design 4 key aanshik dye prabhaavon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. khopadi kii topi aur gardan key gaard parr khaali sthaan, sajawati designs seey rahit, design 4 key prabhaav key liye anumati dete hain joe lagbhag yaa poori tarah seey poorna hain. isake vipareet, gaal key rakshakon parr, joe aniyamit aakar key hotey hain aur poori tarah seey sajaae jaate hain, antarfalak design aanshik roop seey, aur kabhi-kabhi buggle mein, fashion mein dikhaai dete hain.
design 4 mein ribbon shally mein ack ekal janwar, yaa chauguna, darshaaya gayaa haye, aur sabhi taraf ack billated seema haye. janwar kaa sir panel key oopari kendra mein sthit haye. aankh koo dou vritton dwara paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye; sir kaa baaki hissa, jisamen dou alag-alag lekin aapas mein judey ribbon hotey hain, ise gher letaa haye. jabade aur munh kaa pratinidhitva karane vaalaa teesara ribbon, sir key neeche hotaa haye. baain or yeh ack chhote seey billated ribbon key roop mein shuru hotaa haye joe ack goli seey bharey modd mein utarata haye, apane aap mein gujarta haye, aur ack badey billated ribbon key roop mein ubharata haye.
ghadee kii vipareet disha mein chakkar lagaate hue, yeh ack alag ribbon key neeche seey gujarta haye joe shareer kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, phir seey isake neeche, phir sir kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale ribbon mein seey ack key oopar aur neeche. yeh ack dusare goli seey bharey modd key roop mein ubharata haye, phir seey ack billated ribbon banaata haye, aur ack pair key samaan aakar mein samaapt hotaa haye. ack chautha ribbon, joe janwar kii gardan banaata haye, sir seey shuru hotaa haye aur neeche kii or, ack ribbon key neeche aur oopar ack anga banaata haye, aur neeche daaen koney mein, ack goli seey bharey modd mein samaapt hotaa haye, joe saamane key koolhe kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. dou anga koolhe seey nickle jaate hain. ack turant seema mein samaapt hoe jaataa haye; doosara ack billated ribbon key roop mein oopar kii or yatra kartaa haye, gardan key neeche aur oopar, aur dusare koolhe mein samaapt hotaa haye ("tarkaheen roop seey", prati broose-mitford).
chharron seey bharaa ack aur chhota anga, iss koolhe seey nikalata haye aur ack pair mein samaapt hotaa haye. iss beach, janwar kaa shareer ack anya billated ribbon seey banata haye joe nichale daaeen or saamane key koolhe koo, peechhe key koolhe key saath, oopar baain or jodata haye. daaen seey baaen taka yeh jabadon aur munh key neeche, neeche aur oopar, pairon kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale ack billated ribbon key neeche yatra kartaa haye, aur phir peechhe key koolhe seey judataa haye. peechhe kaa koolha, saamane key koolhe kii tarah, dou angon seey judaa hotaa haye. ack chhota, goli seey bharaa modd haye. doosara neeche key baaen koney mein ack billated ribbon key roop mein neeche kii or jaataa haye, jahan yeh ack anya koolhe mein samaapt hotaa haye joe ack goli seey bharey anga seey judataa haye, aur phir ack pair.
yeh design usa cheez kaa pratinidhi haye jise bernhard selin ney "design II" german pashu aabhushan kahaa haye.
design 5: chhota antarfalak.
chhote antarfalak pattern ney chehare key mask koo dhakaa huaa thaa, gardan key gaard parr pramukhta seey upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur gaal key gaard parr kaee khaali sthaanon mein bharaa gayaa thaa. yeh ack zoomorphic design haye, jaise kii badaa interless, aur dou jaanvaron koo dikhaata haye, ack dusare key sambandh mein ulta aur ulta, jinake peechhe kii or mudane vaale sir panel key kendra kii or hotey hain."
kaary.
sutton huu helmate yuddh upkaran kaa ack karyatmak tukada aur isake malik kii shakti aur pratishtha kaa prateek thaa. yadi kabhi yuddh mein iska upayog kiya jaataa tou yeh kaafee suraksha pradaan kartaa aur sabse ameer gyaat anglo-saxon helmate key roop mein, isake malik kii sthiti kaa sanket detaa. choonki yeh usa vyakti seey bhee purana haye jisake saath ise dafnaya gayaa thaa, helmate ack viraasat hoe sakata haye, joe isake malik key jeevan aur mrityu key samarohon kaa prateek hoe sakata haye; yeh aage mukut kaa poorvaj hoe sakata haye, jise europe mein baarahavin shatabdi key aspas jaanaa jaataa haye, joe ack netaa key shasson karane key adhikaar aur devtaon key saath usake sambandh donon kaa sanket detaa haye.
helmate koo kabhi yuddh mein pahana gayaa thaa yaa naheen, yeh agyaat haye, lekin halanki ise najuk roop seey alankrit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh kaam achchha kartaa. kandhon aur baahon kii aavaajaahi kii anumati dene key liye jagah chhodane key alawa, helmate apane pahanane vaale key sir koo poori tarah seey sanrakshit chhod detaa haye, aur apane samanya prakaar key kissy bhee anya gyaat helmate key vipareet, isamen ack faces mask, ack-tukada topi aur thhos gardan kaa rakshak hotaa haye. lohe aur chaandi key shikhar ney girane vaale praharon key bull koo vikshepit karane mein madad kii hogi, aur naak key neeche key chhed ack saans lene yogya vatavaran banaate-yadi dumm todate-tou. yadi dou dhaaranaon koo sach maanaa jaae-kii helmate key peechhe kii kshati dafanaane seey pahale hui thee, aur usa redwald koo helmate key malik key roop mein thheek seey pahachaana jaataa haye-tou helmate koo cumm seey cumm ack key roop mein varnit kiya jaa sakata haye jisane apane jivankal key dauran kuchh hudd taka upayog dekhaa, aur ack joe ack vyakti key swaamitva mein thaa jisane yuddh dekhaa thaa.
apane karyatmak uddeshya seey parey, sutton huu helmate apane malik kii uchch sthiti koo vyakt karane key liye kaam kartaa. aggar koee vyakti apane sir kii raksha karane kii koshish kartaa haye tou usey lohe kii topi seey thodaa adhik, jaise kii shorewell aur wollston key helmate kii aavashyakta hogi. phir bhee helmate anglo-saxon ingland mein pratishtha kii vastuein theen, jaisa kii puraataatvik, saahityik aur aitihaasik sakshya seey sanket milata haye. helmate "bewulf" mein apekshaakrit aam hain, ack anglo-saxon kavita joe shaahi aur unake kuleen parivesh parr kendrit haye, lekin aaj shayed hii kabhi paaee jaati haye; vartamaan mein kewal chhah gyaat hain, iss avadhi seey hajaaron kabron kii khudai key bavjood.
jitna kii yeh kalaakriti key astitva kii kharaab darr koo darshaata haye, yaa yahaan taka kii maanyata bhee-shorewell helmate koo pahale ack "tukdedaar lohe key bartan" key roop mein galat pahachaana gayaa thaa, wollston helmate koo ack balty key roop mein, aur burg mahal seey ack saade roman helmate koo "kadaahi key tukadon" key roop mein-atyadhik kamee seey pataa chalata haye kii helmate kabhi bhee badee sankhya mein jamaa naheen kiye gaye they, aur unhein pahanane vaalon key mahatva koo ingit kartaa thaa.
jaba dafan kiya gayaa tou yeh pataa chalata haye kii yeh sutton huu helmate lagbhag 100 saal purana thaa, yeh ack viraasat hoe sakati haye, shaahi khajaane seey ack namuna doosari peedhi seey neeche chalaa gayaa. dafan seey dhaal key liye ack hii sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye, kyonki yeh aur helmate donon alag-alag swedish prabhaav vaali vastuein hain. viraasat kii vastuon key mahatva koo kavita mein achchi tarah seey pralekhit kiya gayaa haye; "bewulf" mein harr talwar, daudane seey laker negling taka, kaa aisaa itihas haye, aur kavita kaa naayak, jisaki apani chitaa helmate seey bharee hui haye, apane anuyaayi koo soney kaa collar, byrie aur soney kaa helmate dene key liye apane marane vaale shabdon kaa upayog kartaa haye. helmate kaa passing, yoddha seey yoddha taka aur phir jameen parr, khitaab aur shakti key passing key badey samaroh kaa prateek hoga, aur tealey mein dabey hue vyakti key liye antim shokgeet hoga.
helmate aasaani seey samriddhi key mamle mein anya sabhi gyaat udaharanon koo peechhe chhod detaa haye. yeh ack anumaanit shaahi dafan seey advitiya haye, ack samay mein jaba rajshahi koo helmate aur talwar dwara paribhaashit kiya gayaa thaa. helmate, shayed isaliye kii way shasakon dwara aksar pahane jaate they, shayed mukut key roop mein pehchaane jaane lagey honge. halanki prakaratmak aur karyatmak vikas mein kaee madhyavarti charan abhee taka agyaat hain, sabse shuruati europeeya mukut joe jeevit hain, jaise kii sent stephen kaa sahasrabdi kaa mukut aur aragon kaa sthiraank, kaee helmets key samaan buniyaadi nirmaan koo saajha karate hain, jisamen coppergate udaaharan shamil haye, joe kii sutton huu seey ack key samkaaleen haih ack brow baind, ack naak seey naip baind, aur paarshv baind. shasson karane kaa ack divya adhikaar, yaa cumm seey cumm devtaon aur netaa key beach ack sambandh-joe pahale key roman helmate parr bhee dekhaa gayaa thaa, joe kabhi-kabhi roman devtaon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa-sutton huu helmate parr dusht bhauhen mein parivartan seey nihit hoe sakata haye; ack-aankh vaalaa roop kewal cumm roshni mein dikhaai dey sakata thaa, jaise kii jaba iska pahanane vaalaa ack holl mein thaa, joe raajaa kii shakti kaa sthaan thaa.
sandarbh aur samaantaaen.
kaee mayanon mein advitiya, sutton huu helmate phir bhee apane anglo-saxon aur scandinavian sandarbhon seey atoot roop seey judaa huaa haye. yeh kewal chhah gyaat anglo-saxon helmets mein seey ack haye, saath hii benty grange (1848), coppergate (1982), wollston (1997), shorewell (2004) aur staffordshire (2009) mein paae jaane vaale helmate abhee bhee sweeden mein wendell (1881-1883) aur wallsgard (1920) mein paae jaane vaale charitra key karib hain. usee samay, helmate anglo-saxon mahakavya "bewulf" mein visheshtaon key saath "susangat aur antarang" samaantaon koo saajha kartaa haye, aur, poore key roop mein sutton huu jahaaj-kabr kii tarah, kavita kii aadhunik samajh parr gahara prabhaav padaa haye.
helmate.
chhathi aur saatvin shatabdi key helmate key kosh key bheetar, sutton huu helmate koo motey taur parr "crested helmate" key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye, joe mahadvipiya spangenhelm aur lamellenhelm seey alag haye. 50 helmate itane vargeekrit hain, halanki mushkil seey ack darjan seey adhik kaa punarnirmaan kiya jaa sakata haye aur kuchh itane kharaab hain kii way nirvivaad roop seey helmate seey naheen hain. keev mein paae jaane vaale ack baahari tukade koo chhodkar, sabhi crested helmate ingland yaa scandinavia seey utpann hotey hain.
crested helmate kaa sutton huu helmate wendell aur wallsgard varg seey sambandhit haye, joe khud chauthi aur paanchvin shatabdi kii sthireekrit karyashalaon key roman paidal senaa aur ghudsavaar helmate seey praapt hotaa haye. kabron mein helmate paae gaye they 1,12 aur 14 (kabron mein aanshik helmate key alawa 10 aur 11), aur kabron mein 5,6,7 aur 8 wallsgarde mein. sutton huu kaa udaaharan design mein samaantaon koo saajha kartaa haye, phir bhee isake scandinavian anuroopon kii tulanaa mein "samriddh aur uchch gunavatta kaa haye"; isake antar uchch samajik sthiti vaale kissy vyakti key liye isake nirmaan koo pratibimbit curr sakate hain, yaa poorvavarti roman helmate key liye isaki nikat laukik nikatata koo darshaate hain.
anglo-saxon.
halanki staffordshire helmate, joe vartamaan mein shodh aur punarnirmaan key daur seey gujar rhaa haye, adhik nikatata seey sambandhit saabit hoe sakata haye, chaar anya gyaat anglo-saxon helmate sajawat mein kewal mamuli vivaran aur nirmaan mein kuchh samaantaaen saajha karate hain. nirmaan mein isake gaal key rakshak aur shikhar ise apane anglo-saxon samkaaleenon seey jodate hain, phir bhee yeh ekmatra helmate haye jisamen chehare kaa mukhauta, nishchit gardan kaa rakshak, yaa dhaatu key ack tukade seey oopar uthaaya gayaa topi haye. sajawati roop seey yeh apani vistrit bhaunhen, suar key rupankanon aur taar key inley seey judaa huaa haye, lekin apane vyaapak alankaran aur "pressbulch" pattern mein advitiya haye. samaantaaen sambhavatah "paaramparik sajawati rupankanon kaa ack samooh darshaati hain joe lambe samay taka cumm yaa jyada sthir hotey hain"; antar kewal shaahi aur patrician helmate key beach kii asamaanta koo ujagar curr sakate hain, yaa yeh sanket dey sakate hain kii sutton huu helmate apane anglo-saxon samkakshon kii tulanaa mein apane roman poorvaj kaa ack utpaad thaa.
sutton huu aur anya anglo-saxon helmate key beach praathamik sanrachanaatmak samaantaa gaal rakshakon kii upasthiti mein hoti haye, ack visheshta joe coppergate, wollston aur staffordshire helmate dwara saajha kii jaati haye, phir bhee aam taur parr unake scandinavian samkakshon seey gayab hoti haye. sutton huu helmate kaa nirmaan anyatha anya sabhi anglo-saxon udaharanon seey kaafee hudd taka alag haye. isaki topi lohe key ack tukade seey uthaai gaee haye. anya helmate kii topi cumm seey cumm aathh tukadon seey bunny thee. lohe key tambe key gett, shorewell aur wollston helmate parr, ack brow baind koo ack naak-seey-naip baind, dou paarshv baind aur chaar infill plates seey jodaa gayaa thaa, jabaki benty grange helmate kaa nirmaan lohe aur horn donon seey kiya gayaa thaa.
ack brow baind donon naak-seey-naip aur kaana-seey-kaana baind dwara aur chaar strips dwara parinami chaturthansh koo aathven mein vibhajit karke jodaa gayaa thaa. seeng key aathh tukadon ney aathh khule sthaanon koo bhar diyaa, jisamen seey pratyek mein seeng kii ack atirikt patti shamil thee. sutton huu helmate ekmatra gyaat anglo-saxon helmate haye jisamen yaa tou chehare kaa nishan yaa ack nishchit gardan kaa rakshak hotaa haye; coppergate aur benty grange helmate, kewal anya jinake paas gardan kii suraksha kaa koee bhee jeevit roop hotaa haye, kramshah camel aur horn kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, aur walleston helmate key saath naak seey naak taka lambi pattiyon key upayog seey chehare kii raksha kii jaati haye.
sutton huu helmate aur isake anglo-saxon samkaaleenon key beach sajawati samaantaaen paridhiya hain, yadi paryaapt naheen hain. wollston aur shorewell key helmate koo pradarshan key bajaay upayog key liye design kiya gayaa thaa; baad vaalaa lagbhag poori tarah seey upayogitaavaadi thaa, jabaki pahale vaale, "ack virale roop seey sajaae gaye 'ladaakoo helmate' mein kewal ack suar kaa mukut aur sajawat key roop mein isake baind key saath chiredar rekhaaon key sett they. isake suar key shikhar koo benty grange helmate key oopar key saath samanantar paaya jaataa haye, jiss parr aankhen jaalidaar taar key saath soney key saaket mein sett garnet seey bunny hoti hain. . . aur khokhale soney key shank honey. . . joe sir mein ack chhed mein doobe hue they.
halanki satahi roop seey sutton huu helmate parr garnet aur taar key inley key samaan, garnet, sonaa aur filgri key kaam koo sanyojit karane key liye niyojit takneeken german kaam kii adhik jatilata kaa sanket detee hain. ack helmate joe sutton huu key saath adhik vishisht samaantaon koo saajha kartaa haye, vaha coppergate seey haye. isamen ack shikhar aur bhaunhen hoti hain, donon iss tarah seey chhipi hoti hain joe sutton huu helmate parr kii tarah "vaastavik taar key inley kii yaaden yaa nakal" koo pratibimbit curr sakati hain. donon helmate parr bhaunhen aur crest pashuon key sir mein samaapt hoe jaate hain, halanki tambe key helmate parr cumm jatil tareeke seey, jahaan way adhik dwi-ayami roop lete hain. yeye samaantaaen sambhavatah "paaramparik sajawati rupankanon key ack samooh kaa sanket detee hain joe lambe samay taka cumm yaa jyada sthir rahate hain", naa kii donon helmate key beach ack mahatvapurna sambandh key.
tambe key helmate key lohe key khilaf lagbhag kathor peetal" kii tulanaa mein, sutton huu helmate, tinn vaale "pressbulch" designs mein dhakaa huaa haye aur aage garnet, gilding aur inlade silver taaron seey sajaaya gayaa haye, ack samriddh polychromatic prabhaav koo vikiran kartaa haye."isaki upasthiti kaafee hudd taka staffordshire helmate key samaan haye, joe abhee bhee sanrakshan key daur mein haye, jisamen ack sambhaavit soney key shikhar aur sambandhit terminals key saath jatil soney key rung key antar-nirmit designs key saath gaal key tukadon kii ack jodee haye."sutton huu helmate kii tarah yeh" "pressbulch" "foil mein dhakaa huaa thaa, jisamen ack ghudsavaar aur yoddha rupankan shamil thaa joe design 3 key samaan thaa kyonki shuru mein usee design key liye liya gayaa thaa.
scandinavian.
sutton huu aur scandinavian helmate key nirmaan mein mahatvapurna antar unake designs mein mahatvapurna samaantaon kaa vishvaas karate hain. scandinavian helmate joe punarsthapana mein saksham hain, unakaa nirmaan sutton huu helmate seey adhik saralata seey kiya gayaa thaa. kissy key paas bhee faces mask, thhos gardan gaard yaa dhaatu key ack tukade seey bunny topi naheen haye, aur kewal dou key paas alag-alag gaal gaard hain. gardan key rakshak "binaa kissy apavaad key lohe key pattiyan yaa surakshaatmak daak parde [they]."altuna, wendell 14 aur wallsgard 5 key helmate sabhi ney gardan kii suraksha key roop mein lohe kii pattiyon kaa upayog kiya; paanch pattiyan wendell 14 key peechhe seey latkai gaeen aur wallsgard 5 brow baind, aur halanki kewal dou pattiyan altuna helmate seey bachati hain, anya unake saath latakaae jaate.
shesh helmate parr camel kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, wallsgard 6,7 aur 8 seey, aur wendell 1 aur 12 seey. wendell 10 aur 11 seey tukdedaar avashesh, aur solberga seey, isi tarah camel kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa. gaal kii suraksha key sandarbh mein, kewal dou helmate mein gardan kii raksha key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale camel yaa lohe kii pattiyon key nirantarta key alawa kuchh aur thaa. vendal 14 helmate mein gaal key rakshak they, lekin sutton huu helmate parr baithe logon key "chehare parr ack alag sanskaran achchi tarah seey aage" thaa. halanki poori tarah seey punarnirmaan yogya naheen haye, brow helmate key tukade vendal 14 helmate key samaan vinyas kaa sujhaav dete hain. anta mein, pratyek scandinavian helmate parr vyaapak roop seey alag-alag topi sabhi ack visheshta saajha karate hainh koee bhee sutton huu helmate parr topi key samaan naheen haye.
wendell, wallsgard, altuna aur brow seey helmate kaa mool roop sabhi ack brow baind aur naak-seey-naip baind key saath shuru huaa. altuna helmate key kinaaron parr jaalidaar lohe kii pattiyan bharee hui theen, jabaki wallsgard 8 helmate key pratyek taraf chhah samanantar pattiyan bharee hui theen joe brow baind seey naak-seey-naip brand taka chalati theen. shesh chaar helmate-vendal 1 aur 10 koo chhodkar, aur brow, joe apane sateek nirmaan koo nirdhaarit karane key liye bahut khandit hain-sabhi mein dou paarshv pattiyan aur anubhaagiya aavaran kaa upayog kiya gayaa.
vendal 14 helmate mein aathh infill platein theen, ack aaytaakaar aur ack trikoniya prati chaturthansh; kii wallsgard 7 helmate mein chaar infill plates kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, pratyek chaturthansh key liye ack; wallsgard 6 seey ack ney pratyek chaturthansh key liye samaan infill kaa bhee upayog kiya, lekin ack jaalidaar prabhaav banaane vaali "vistrit" vaaee-aakar kii lohe kii strips key saath; aur wallsgard 5 udaaharan jaalidaar lohe kii strips key saath pichhale dou chaturthansh mein bharaa gayaa thaa, aur saamane key dou chaturthansh mein jaali key kaam key ack aaytaakaar khand aur ack trikoniya plate key saath pratyek.
sutton huu aur scandinavian helmate key beach sajawati aur pratima sambandhi samaantaaen ullekhaniya hain; way itane spasht hain kii unhone sutton huu helmate kii apani chhavi key punarnirmaan mein madad kii haye, aur iss vichaar koo badhaava diyaa haye kii helmate koo anglo-saxon ingland mein naheen, balki sweeden mein banaaya gayaa thaa. isake alankrit shikhar aur bhauhen scandinavian designs dwara samanantar hain, jinamen seey kuchh isake chaandi key taar key inley koo dohrate hain yaa unakaa anukaran karate hain; garnet sutton huu aur wallsgard 7 seey helmate koo sajaate hain; aur sutton huu aur scandinavian helmate koo cover karane vaale "pressbulch" design sarvavyaapi aur prateekaatmak roop seey aapas mein judey hue hain. halanki anglo-saxon aur scandinavian helmate mein lagbhag saarvbhaumik roop seey crest hotey hain, isaliye unakaa samanya vargeekaran "crested helmate" key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, lekin sutton huu crest mein taar inley koo "weldell-prakaar key helmate-crest mein unake nikatatam samanantar paaya jaataa haye jisamen iss tarah key taar-inley pattern casting yaa utkirnan mein anukaran kiye jaate hain."
iss prakaar vendal 1 aur 12 helmate key crest mein donon mein shutton huu inley kii nakal karane vaale chevron hotey hain, jaisa kii altuna helmate aur wallsgard seey una sabhi key saath-saath vendal 11 aur kendriya sweeden seey tukade hotey hain. scandinavian helmate kii bhauhen abhee taka adhik nikatata seey judee hui hain, kyonki brow helmate parr chaandi key taaron key saath utkeern hain, jabaki lokroom helmate kaa tukada yaa tou utkeern yaa chaandi key saath aachchhaadit haye.
binaa chaandi key bhaunhen bhee alankrit hoti hain. wallsgarde 8, wendell 1 aur wendell 10 bhauhen apane crest key samaan pattern kaa paalan karate hue chevron hain, aur halanki isamen itane vistrit crest kaa abhaav haye, wendell 14 helmate mein isi tarah bhauhen mein anudairdhya roop seey utkeern samanantar rekhaaon key sett hain; narkavi mein paaee jaane vaali akeli bhauhen isi tarah seey sajaae gaye hain. jinn logon mein chevron kii kamee haye-ekvachan uppa aur gavinge seey wallsgard 5,6 aur 7 seey helmate key alawa milata haye-abhee bhee atyadhik sajaae gaye hain, garnet-encrusted wallsgard 7 bhauhen kewal sutton huu seey una logon key samanantar gyaat hain.
inn sabhi sajawati mamalon mein, wallsgarde 7 aur gamla upsala seey dou scandinavian helmate, vishisht roop seey sutton huu udaaharan key samaan hain. wallsgarde 7 crest mein ack "cast chevron aabhushan" hotaa haye; helmate "'ratna' haye, jaise kii sutton huu helmate, lekin garnet kaa adhik upayog darshaata haye"; aur isamen murtikala aur interless "pressbulch" pattern hotey hain, jisamen sutton huu helmate parr upayog kiye jaane vaale dou murtikala designs key sanskaran shamil hain. sutton huu helmate key vipareet, wallsgard 7 savaar aur patit yoddha design koo dou dye key saath banaaya gayaa thaa, taaki donon kushal aur dusht pakshon parr way saamane kii or badhate hue dekhe jaa sakein, aur unamen kuchh "alag aur atirikt tatva" hotey hain."
nritya yoddhaon key design key 7 sanskaran mein, halanki, "kewal ack [ack] pramukh pratima sambandhi antar" haye, dou purushon key peechhe dou paar bhaale kii anupasthiti. drishya itane samaan hain kii yeh kewal haath mein wallsgard 7 design key saath thaa kii sutton huu design kaa punarnirmaan kiya jaa sakata thaa. iss drishya kaa gamla upsala sanskaran aur bhee adhik samaan haye. pahale yeh socha gayaa thaa kii yeh usee dye seey maaraa gayaa haye, aur anyatha saabit karane key liye mool tukadon key sateek maap kii aavashyakta thee. halanki agra-bhujaaon key konn aur bhaale key beach key konn thode alag hain, phir bhee gamla upsala tukada sutton huu design key liye "nikatatam sambhav samanantar" pradaan kartaa haye.
ack poore key roop mein liya gayaa, wallsgard 7 helmate apane prakaar key kissy bhee anya helmate kii tulanaa mein behtar kaam kartaa haye taaki sutton huu helmate key purvi scandinavian sandarbh koo spasht kiya jaa sakey."isake matbhedon koo shayed iss tathya seey samajhaaya gayaa haye kii yeh ack" "yoman-kisan" "kii kabr mein thaa, naa kii shaahi parivaar mein. "[isake] saath kadaai seey samkaaleen shaahi kabron koo abhee taka sweeden mein khudai naheen kii gaee haye, lekin isamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii aisee kabron mein nihit helmate aur dhaal gunavatta mein sutton huu key udaharanon key karib honge."yeh iss kaaran seey haye kii gamla upsala tukada vishesh roop seey dilchasp haye; ack swedish shaahi daah sanskar seey aaa rhaa haye aur" "ack hii haath seey kataa huaa prateet hotaa haye", "helmate mool roop seey sutton huu helmate key samaan hoe sakata haye.
roman.
anglo-saxon yaa scandinavian mool joe bhee hoe, sutton huu helmate chauthi aur paanchvin shatabdi kii sthireekrit karyashalaon key roman helmate seey nikla haye. iska nirmaan-ack vishisht shikhar, thhos topi aur gardan aur gaal key gaard, chehare kaa mukhauta aur chamade kii parat kii visheshta-inn pahale key helmets key saath spasht samaantaa rakhta haye. kaee udaharanon mein sutton huu helmate key samaan ack shikhar haye, jaise kii durn, concity, augusberg-faarsi aur august, aur barkasovo 1 aur 2 aur intercisa 2 aur 4 helmate. iss beach, neeche ack-tukada topi, anglo-saxon aur scandinavian helmate key beach iss sambandh mein advitiya, ack yunani aur roman takneek key anta kaa pratinidhitva karati haye.
praarambhik roman samrajya key pahali aur doosari shatabdi key helmate mein mukhya roop seey upayog kiya jaane vaalaa helmate koo dvidaliya nirmaan key saath helmate dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaane seey pahale-isaliye donon hisson koo ack saath rakhane mein shikhar kii bhoomika-maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh abhyaas antatah lagbhag 500 esvi key aspas bhulaa diyaa gayaa haye. isi tarah, sutton huu helmate key thhos lohe key gaal rakshak, sthir shally seey praapt hotey hain, aur peechhe kii or cutout dwara chihnit hotey hain. vartamaan punarnirmaan aanshik roop seey gaal rakshakon key roman prabhaav koo maanata haye; roman abhyaas ney iss vishvaas koo majboot kiya kii chamade key tikaaon koo niyojit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki hathiyaron aur kavach parr ack visheshagya key sujhaav key baad dusht aur kushal gaal rakshakon koo badal diyaa gayaa thaa kii cutout peechhe honah chaahiye. gardan kaa rakshak isi tarah chamade key tikaa koo maanata haye, aur isake thhos lohe key nirmaan key saath-jaise kii ack-tukade kii topi, anglo-saxon aur scandinavian helmate key beach advitiya-roman udaharanon key saath aur bhee adhik nikatata seey sanrekhit haye, yadi vishisht seey adhik lamba thaa.
pahali shatabdi key vigyaapan seey choochi bajari helmate mein itna vyaapak aur gahara gardan gaard haye, aur dearon aur barkasovo 2 helmate parr thhos projecting gaard paae jaate hain. apane samkaaleenon dwara advitiya sutton huu helmate kii ack aur visheshta-iska faces mask-roman udaharanon seey mell khaata haye. anya logon key beach pahali shatabdi key anta seey ribchester helmate, aur pahali shatabdi key shuruati addie seey emesa helmate, pratyek mein ack anthropomorphic faces mask shamil haye; baad vaalaa sutton huu helmate key samaan haye, jise poori tarah seey chehare key aspas key bajaay ack kaaj dwara topi parr chipkaya jaataa haye. anta mein, sutton huu helmate mein ack chamade kii parat kaa sujhaav, joe helmate key interior kii visham banaavat key alawa sakaratmak sakshya dwara kaafee hudd taka asamarthit haye, ney dair seey roman helmate mein samaan astaron key prasaar seey aur adhik aakarshan praapt kiya.
sutton huu helmate key kaee sajawati pahalu, vishesh roop seey isaki safed upasthiti, inlade garnet aur pramukh rivet bhee roman abhyaas seey praapt hotey hain. isaki dibbaband satah kii tulanaa barkasovo 1 aur 2 helmate aur consetti, augusberg-faarsi aur dearney seey kii jaati haye. barkasovo 1 aur buddepest helmate koo aage keemati yaa ardh-keemati pattharon seey sajaaya jaataa haye, joe kii sutton huu aur wallsgard 7 helmate parr garnet key liye ack sambhaavit mool haye. anta mein, kuchh crested helmets parr dekhe jaane vaale pramukh rivet, jaise kii wallsgard 8 aur sutton huu, shayed roman helmets jaise kii barkasovo 2 aur duern udaharanon parr rivet dwara praapt samaan sajawati prabhaav seey prerit hoe sakate hain.
"bewulf.
sutton huu jahaaj-kabr aur "bewulf" kii samajh 1939 mein pahale kii khoj key baad seey ack dusare seey judee hui haye. "1950 key dashak key anta taka," "bewulf" "aur" "sutton huu" "itane avibhajya they kii adhyayan key baad adhyayan mein, ack kii upasthiti anivarya roop seey aur swachaalit roop seey dusare koo ujagar karati thee. yadi "bewulf" pahale munch parr aaya, tou saatvin shatabdi kii vaastaviktaa kavi dwara chitrit vaastaviktaa seey kitni milati-julati haye, yeh spasht karane key liye sutton huu koo teji seey laaya gayaa; yadi sutton huu ney pahale pradarshan kiya, tou "bewulf" ney poorv key goonge sakshya koo aavaaj dene key liye peechhe kii or peechha kiya."halanki" pratyek smaarak dusare parr prakaash daaltaa haye ", donon key beach sambandh koo lagbhag nishchit roop seey bahut vishisht banaaya gayaa haye."
phir bhee "[aich] elmet koo kavita mein yuddh-upkaran kii kissy bhee anya vastu kii tulanaa mein adhik vistaar seey varnit kiya gayaa haye", aur kuchh vishisht sambandh banaae jaa sakate hain. suar kii chhavi, shikhar aur mukhaavaran sabhi "bewulf" mein samanantar paae jaate hain, jaisa kii helmate kaa chamakata huaa safed aur ratnon seey bharaa roop haye. halanki yeh naheen kahaa jaa sakata kii sutton huu helmate "bewulf" mein kissy bhee ack helmate koo poori tarah seey pratibimbit kartaa haye, lekin kaee alag-alag samaantaaen yeh sunishchit karane mein madad karati hain kii "seemit puraataatvik sakshya key bavjood kavyatmak vivaran kii koee bhee visheshta aspasht aur puraataatvik samanantar key binaa naheen haye."
suar key rupankanon vaale helmate kaa ullekh "bewulf" mein paanch baar kiya gayaa haye, aur yeye dou shreniyon mein aatey hainh way joe swatantra roop seey khade sooaron key saath hain aur way jinake binaa hain. jaba bewulf aur usake chaudah loga apane jahaaj seey utarate hain aur raajaa hrothger koo dekhane key liye leey jaate hain, tou way naav koo paani mein lunger daalate hue chhod dete hainh
iss tarah key suar key aakar suutan huu helmate parr honey vaale aakaron kii tarah hoe sakate hain, joe bhaunhon key siron parr samaapt hotey hain aur gaal key rakshakon koo baahar dekhate hain. beowolf ney khud ack helmate pahana haye "suar kii chhaviyon key saath chaaron or sett kiya" (') grandell kii maan key saath apani ladaai seey pahale; aage "safed helmate key roop mein varnit. . . khajaane "(') dwara badhaaya gayaa, ack samaan vivaran tinn vaale sutton huu udaaharan parr lagu kiya jaa sakata thaa. (halanki, donon helmate ack jaise naheen hotey; beulf koo aage "lordley link mein gher liya gayaa"-"-wallsgard 6 aur 8 helmate parr chain mell key prakaar kaa ack sambhaavit sandarbh joe gardan aur chehare kii suraksha pradaan kartaa haye.)
kavita mein teen baar ullikhit suar key alankaran kii doosari shally, shikhar key oopar ack swatantra suar key saath helmate koo sandarbhit karati haye. jaba hrothger apane karibi dost kii mrityu parr vilaap kartaa haye, tou vaha yaad kartaa haye kii kaise "meraa dahina haath aadami thaa jaba rankon mein jhadap hui aur hamaare suar-renjon koo kaarravaai kii pankti mein ack prahaar karna padaa."yeye shikhar shayed banty grange aur wollston helmate parr, gilden morden mein paae jaane vaale ack alag suar, aur way joe vendal 1 aur wallsgard 7 helmate aur torslunda plates parr samkaaleen chhaviyon mein dekhe gaye they, key samaan they.
bhaunhon parr suar kii chhavi key saath, sutton huu helmate parr shikhar key chaandi key inley koo "bewulf" mein bhashai samarthan milata haye. grandell kii haar key baad bewulf koo "jeet key upahaar" key roop mein prastut helmate koo samaan visheshtaon key saath varnit kiya gayaa haih
kavita key iss hisse koo helmate kii khoj honey taka "shayed bhrasht" maanaa gayaa thaa, iss sujhaav key saath kii "lekhak ney khud ise naheen samajha haye"; vishesh roop seey "kukhyaat" kaa arth kewal anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa. iss shabd kaa upayog aam taur parr purani angreji mein bhoomi key ack katak koo sandarbhit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, naa kii helmate key shikhar koo; roopak roop seey 'kavita mein, shikhar koo aage kahaa jaataa haye, "shaabdik roop seey" taar kaa ghaav "(taaron seey bandha huaa). isaliye yeh sutton huu helmate key shikhar key saath chaandi key inley key samanantar haye. iss tarah kaa shikhar, jaisa kii "bewulf" mein varnit haye, ack girati hui talwar seey suraksha pradaan kartaa haye. "sir kaa ack twarit modd jaba jhataka girata haye tou pahanane vaale koo ise 'kanghi' key paar leey jaane mein saksham banaata haye aur kanghi key samanantar girane aur topi koo vibhajit karane seey bachaata haye."
iss khoj ney kaee puraane angreji shabdakoshon koo "bewulf" key "tatkaal sandarbh" key bheetar paribhaashit karane key liye prerit kiya haye, jisamen "aage seey peechhe taka helmate key oopar chalane vaale taaron key saath ack riz yaa kanghi" shamil haye, halanki aisaa karate hue kavita mein "prateekaatmak bhasha" kaa irada haye. kavita key bheetar upayog kiye gaye shabd kaa vishisht arth phir bhee sutton huu helmate dwara spasht kiya gayaa haye, badale mein "sutton huu kabr aur" bewulf "kavita mein puraataatvik samagri key beach sambandh kii antarangata koo darshaata haye."
sutton huu helmate aur "bewulf" mein una logon key beach ack antim samanantar faces mask kii upasthiti haye, joe ack visheshta haye joe poorv koo apane anglo-saxon aur purvi scandinavian samkakshon key beach advitiya banaati haye. vishishtata yeh darshaati haye kii shaahi dafan key hisse key roop mein, helmate "samriddh aur uchch gunavatta kaa haye joe abhee taka paae gaye kissy bhee anya helmate kii tulanaa mein adhik haye."bewulf" mein, raajaon aur raeeson key baare mein ack kavita, jisamen aam loga shayed hii dikhaai dete hain, "" yuddh-mask "(')," yuddh-mask "(')," mask-helm "('), aur" yuddh-sir "(') jaise yaugik mukhaavaran vaale helmate key upayog koo ingit karate hain. vaar-haid" shabd vishesh roop seey maanav-aakriti vaale sutton huu helmate key liye upayukt haye. "[tii] vaha shabd vaastav mein ack helmate kaa yathaarthvaadi varnan kartaa haye. "": puuraa sir dhankana, maathe, bhaunhen, aankho key chhed, gaal, naak, munh, thhodi, yahaan taka kii moonchh bhee!"
khoj.
julaai aur agast 1939 mein teen dinon mein sutton huu helmate kii khoj kii gaee thee, jisamen jahaaj-dafan kii khudai mein kewal teen saptah shesh they. yeh 500 seey adhik tukadon mein paaya gayaa thaa, joe mool satah kshetra key aadhe seey bhee cumm key liye jimmedaar saabit hoga. yeh khoj see kii diarry mein darj kii gaee thee. doubleu. phillips iss prakaar hainh
haalaanki helmate koo abb british mitty parr paaee jaane vaali sabse mahatvapurna kalakritiyon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye, lekin isaki tooty hui sthiti key kaaran yeh pahale kissy kaa dhyaan naheen gayaa. inn seetu" mein tukadon kii koee tasveer naheen lii gaee thee, naa hii unaki saapeksh sthiti darj kii gaee thee, kyonki khoj key mahatva kaa abhee taka ehsas naheen huaa thaa. helmate key sthaan kaa ekmatra samkaaleen record khudai aarekh parr ack vritt thaa jise "helmate key naabhik avashesh" key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa."jaba helmate kaa punarnirmaan varshon baad shuru huaa, tou yeh iss prakaar" "boxes key dhakkan parr kissy bhee prakaar kii tasveer key binaa ack jigso paheli" "bunn jaayegi, ack jigso paheli key aadhe tukadon key gayab honey kaa ullekh naheen karna chaahiye.
pahale tou helmate koo nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa, jisase usey jaldi hii dhyaan gayaa. sabhi tukadon kii khudai seey pahale hii, "dainik daak" mein "keemati pattharon seey dhake soney key helmate" kii baat kii gaee thee."kuchh dinon baad yeh helmate kaa adhik sateek varnan karega kii isamen" chaandi aur soney key patte mein vistrit antar-mishrit aabhushan they."tukadon kii jaanch karane key liye bahut cumm samay honey key bavjood, unhein" "vistrit" "aur" "shandar" "kahaa gayaa thaa;" "kuchla aur sadaa huaa" "aur" "dukhad roop seey toota huaa" "aisaa kii yeh" "kabhi bhee itna prabhaavshaali pradarshan naheen curr sakata haye jitna ise karna chaahiye", "phir bhee yeh socha gayaa thaa kii helmate" "sabse romanchak khojon mein seey ack hoe sakata haye."dafan mein paaya gayaa hiran-baad mein rajdand key oopar rakhaa gayaa-pahale tou helmate key shikhar koo sajaane key liye bhee socha gayaa thaa.
daan karein.
usa samay key samanya kaanoon key tahat, soney aur chaandi koo gupt rakhaa gayaa thaa aur baad mein mool swaamitva key saath phir seey khoja gayaa thaa, jise agyaat ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur iss prakaar taaj kii sampatti ghoshit kii gaee thee. jaisa kii villium blackstone ney "ingland key kaanoonon parr tippaniyon mein paribhaashit kiya haye," khajaana "vaha haye jahan koee paisa yaa sikka, sonaa, chaandi, plate yaa sarrafa," prithvi, yaa anya niji plate mein "chhipa huaa paaya jaataa haye, jiska malik agyaat haye; iss mamle mein khajaana raajaa kaa haih lekin aggar vaha jisane ise chhipaaya haye, yaa baad mein pataa chalaa haye, tou raajaa naheen, balki malik iska hakdar haye. yadi yeh samudra mein yaa prithvi parr paaya jaataa haye, tou yeh raajaa kaa naheen haye, balki khojkarta kaa haye, yadi koee malik dikhaai naheen detaa haye. taaki aisaa lagey kii yeh "chhipana" haye, naa kii iska "tyag", joe raajaa koo sampatti detaa haye. jinn logon ney iss tarah key khajaane kii khoj kii, way apani khoj kii report county coroner koo dene key liye baadhya they, jisake baad sahee malik kaa nirdhaaran karane key liye ack poochtaachh kii jaayegi.
kewal mamuli matra mein soney yaa chaandi vaali vastuein, jaise kii suutan huu helmate, khajaane key liye paatr naheen they; isake bajaay, way bhoomi malik kii sampatti bunn gaeen, bahut, poori tarah seey. shesh vastuon key liye ack poochtaachh, jisamen vastuon kii 56 shreniyan shamil theen, 14 agast 1939 koo aayojit kii gaee thee. 14-vyakti juurii ney paaya kii vastuon mein khajaana naheen thaa, aur iss prakaar way sunder they; disposative mudda yeh thaa kii, jaisa kii coroner ney ise rakhaa, "jahaaj koo khaai taka kheenchane mein shamil shram aur prachaar" koo dekhate hue, sambhavatah "parichaarak prachaar aur baad mein dawat" key saath, yeh raay honah "asambhav thaa kii inn vastuon koo dafnaya gayaa thaa yaa gupt roop seey chhipaaya gayaa thaa. halanki, kuchh hii dinon mein, poori khoj koo british sangrahalaya koo daan curr diyaa gayaa. aggar soney aur chaandi kii vastuon koo khajaana ghoshit kiya jaataa, tou helmate sahit shesh vastuon kaa swaamitva sunder banaa rahata; iss prakaar daan ekmatra vaahanon mein seey ack thaa jisake dwara sangrahalaya khojon koo apane kabje mein leey sakata thaa.
24 agast 1939 koo sutton huu mein khudai samaapt hoe gaee aur agale dinn sabhi vastuon koo baahar bhej diyaa gayaa. nau dinn baad, britten ney germany key khilaf yuddh kii ghoshana curr dee. beach key samay mein najuk aur kharaab honey vaali vastuon kii or dhyaan diyaa jaataa haye, aur khojon koo surakshit rakhane key liye surakshit kiya jaataa haye. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran british sangrahalaya key anya khajaane jaise elgin sangamarmar key saath sutton huu kalakritiyon koo aldwitch aur holborne tube stations koo jodane vaali surang mein sangraheet kiya gayaa thaa. kewal 1944 key anta mein sutton huu seey millie khojon koo kholane, sanrakshit karane aur punarsthaapit karane kii taiyari kii gaee thee.
pahala punarnirmaan.
helmate kaa pahali baar punarnirmaan 1945 aur 1946 key beach herbert marrian dwara kiya gayaa thaa. murtikala key ack sevaanivritt professor aur praarambhik dhaatu kaary parr ack pradhikaran, marrian koo vishesh roop seey 11 navambar 1944 koo british sangrahalaya mein ack takniki attach key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unakaa kaam sutton huu jahaaj-kabr seey millie khojon koo bahaal karna aur sanrakshit karna thaa, jisamen broose-mitford koo "vaastavik sirdard-vishesh roop seey kuchali hui dhaal, helmate aur peene key horn" kahaa jaataa thaa.
marrian kaa suutan huu vastuon parr kaam 1950 taka jaari rhaa, jisamen seey lagaatar chhah maheene helmate key punarnirmaan mein bitaaye gaye. yeh marrian key workbench taka tukadon key ack kharaab dravyamaan key roop mein pahuncha, kuchh murajhaae jaane yogya aur rait mein bandhe hue they, anya kathor aur aanshik roop seey limonite mein badal gaye they. jaisa kii broose-mitford ney dekhaa, "punarsthapana kaa kaary iss prakaar boxes key dhakkan parr kissy bhee prakaar kii tasveer key binaa ack jigso paheli mein cumm hoe gayaa thaa", aur, jaisa kii yeh saabit huaa, kaee tukade gayab they."
marrian ney vibhinn tukadon seey parichit hocker shuruat kii; unhone pratyek koo kathor kagaj key tukade parr khoja aur vistrit kiya, aur unhein sajawat, vishisht nishan aur motai dwara alag kiya. jise unhone "lambe samay taka" kahaa, usake baad marrian ney punarnirmaan kii or rukh kiya. unhone aas-paas key tukadon koo durofix key saath chipkaya, unhein rait key ack dibbe mein ack saath rakhaa, jabaki chipakane vaalaa kathor hoe gayaa. inhen taba plaster seey taraashe gaye maanav aakar key sir marrian parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, jisamen parat key liye atirikt paraten theen joe mool roop seey dhaatu seey sir koo alag karati theen.
khopadi kii topi key tukade shuru mein plastic key saath sir mein chipke hue they, yaa, yadi motey hotey hain, tou sir mein katey hue sthaanon mein rakhe gaye they. anta mein, tukadon koo sthaayi roop seey chipakaane key liye majboot safed plaster kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur, bhoore rung kii lakadi key saath milaaya gayaa thaa, tukadon key beach key antaral koo bhar diyaa gayaa thaa. iss beach, gaal key rakshakon, gardan key rakshak aur mukhaavaran key tukadon koo aakar, plaster seey dhake taar key jaali parr rakhaa gayaa, phir adhik plaster key saath chipkaya gayaa aur topi seey jodaa gayaa.
halanki vartamaan punarnirmaan seey spasht roop seey alag, broose-mitford ney likhaa, "[m] marrian kaa kaam maanya haye. helmate kaa samanya charitra saadaa banaaya gayaa thaa."1946 key punarnirmaan ney aaj maanyata praapt designs kii pehchaan kii, aur isi tarah unhein ack panel vinyas mein vyavasthit kiya. donon punarnirmanon ney samaan designs key saath visor aur gardan key gaard kii rachana keeh chhote interless (design 5) key saath visor, chhote interless kii dou panktiyon key oopar badey interless (design 4) kii sheersh pankti key saath gardan kaa gaard. gaal rakshakon kaa leout bhee donon punarnirmanon mein samaan haye; mukhya antar doosari punarnirmaan mein teesari pankti dwara pradaan kii gaee atirikt lambai, beach kii pankti mein nritya yoddhaon (design 1) key saath ack design 4 panel kaa pratisthaapan, aur pakshon kaa parivartan haye.
swaagat aur aalochana.
sutton huu helmate key pahale punarnirmaan koo duniya bhar mein prashansa millie aur yeh akaadamik aur saanskritik roop seey prabhaavshaali thaa. yeh 20 seey adhik varshon taka pradarshan parr rhaa, jiss dauran yeh madhya yug kii ack pratishthit vastu bunn gaee. 1951 mein britten key utsav mein helmate pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa, jahan rupert broose-mitford dwara sutton huu parr ack pradarshani taiyar kii gaee thee. usee varsh "life" ney ack 25 varsheeya lairi buro koo british sangrahalaya mein bheja, jisake parinamswarup marine kii tasveer key saath helmate kii ack poorna prishth kii tasveer aaee. 1956 mein, apane punarsthaapan key bull parr, marrian koo british samrajya key adesh kaa ack adhikaari niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
helmate kii chhaviyon ney television karyakramon, pustakon aur samachar patron mein apana raasta banaa liya, jabaki dusare punarnirmaan parr kaam kiya gayaa thaa. halanki pahale punarnirmaan kaa sthaayi prabhaav pahale, prativarti, prayaas key roop mein haye jisase samasyaon kii pehchaan kii jaa sakati haye aur samadhan paae jaa sakate hain, dou dashakon taka marrian kaa punarnirmaan apane aap mein ack prateek thaa.
saarvajanik pradarshan parr helmate key saath aur samkaaleen helmate key baare mein adhik gyaan upalabdh honey key saath, pahala punarnirmaan, broose-mitford ney likhaa, "swedish vidvaanon aur anya logon dwara jald hii aalochana kii gaee, halanki print mein naheen."ack antarnihit mudda ack ausat aadami key sir key saanche key chaaron or tukadon koo vyavasthit karane kaa nirnay thaa, sambhavatah anajaane mein punarnirmaan key aakar koo poorv nirdhaarit karna. vishesh aalochanaon mein isake ujagar kshetron aur ack gardan rakshak koo bhee nott kiya gayaa joe chala key bajaay taya thaa.
halanki marrian dwara "motor saikil chaalak key crashes helmate" key samaan kalpana kii gaee thee, jisamen sir aur helmate key beach padding hoti thee, isake aakar koo iss tarah key kushan key liye anumati dee gaee thee; badey sir vaale koo ise pahanane mein kathinaaee hoti. pratyek gaal key tukade key saamane kaa gayab hissa jabade koo ujagar curr detaa thaa, bhaunhon aur naak key beach ack chhed thaa, aur aankho key chhed talwar key gujarane key liye paryaapt badey they. iss beach, jaisa kii suna lindqvist ney pahale hii ullekh kiya thaa, chehare kaa mukhauta pesh karna ajib lugg rhaa thaa, aur pahanane vaale kii naak koo chehare parr prahaar key liye asurakshit chhod diyaa hoga.
see key nirdesh key tahat british sangrahalaya aur ayudh sarvekshan key puraatatva vibhaag dwara 1966 mein banaaya gayaa ack kalaatmak punarnirmaan. doubleu. phillips ney inmein seey kuchh samasyaon koo hull karane kaa prayaas kiya, jisamen ack badee topi, ack seedha chehra mukhauta, chhoti aankhen, vipareet chhor parr antim dragon sir aur kuchh "pressbulch" panels kii punarvyavastha dikhaai gaee. haalaanki, yeh bhee puraatatvidon dwara aalochana key dayare mein aaya.
marrian key nirmaan dwara uthaaya gayaa ack antim mudda thaa kii shikhar koo lagbhag lamba karane key liye plaster kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. shikhar kaafee hudd taka apani sahasrabdi key antaral seey butch gayaa thaa, shayed chaandi key taaron dwara sthaayitva diyaa gayaa thaa. iss prakaar laapata bhaagon koo badalane kii aavashyakta parr sawal uthaaya gayaa thaa; yeh socha gayaa thaa kii yaa tou punarnirmit shikhar bahut lamba thaa, yaa 1939 kii khudai key dauran mool bhaagon kii andekhi kii gaee thee. jaba 1960 key dashak mein jahaaj-dafan koo phir seey tarasha gayaa thaa, tou uddeshyon mein seey ack iss prakaar adhik tukadon kii khoj karna thaa, jinaki anupasthiti koo iss baat key pramaan key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata thaa kii shikhar mool roop seey chhota thaa.
sutton huu, 1965-70 mein punah utkhanan.
1939 mein sutton huu mein khudai seey kaee prashnon kaa uttar naheen milaa aur 1965 mein doosari khudai shuru hui. anya uddeshyon mein dafan tealey aur usake aspas key vatavaran kaa sarvekshan karna, jahaaj key prabhaav koo sthanantarit karna (jisase antatah ack plaster cast liya gayaa thaa) aur neeche khudai karna aur 1939 key dump seey kissy bhee tukade key liye star kii khoj karna thaa joe mool roop seey chhoot gaye honge. pahali khudai prabhaavi roop seey aasann yuddh key khatare key tahat ack bachaav khudai thee, jisase yeh khatra paida hoe gayaa thaa kii vastuon key tukadon koo anajaane mein fenk diyaa gayaa hoga; dafan seey ack soney kaa mount pahale seey hii usa bhaagya kaa lagbhag saamana karane key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa.
helmate key atirikt tukade ummeed haye kii agyaat teesare murtikala design parr prakaash daal sakate hain, yaa buttrus marrian key vishvaas parr kii shikhar gayab thaa. iss uddeshya key liye, khudai mein "sakaratmak aur nakaratmak donon sakshya" kii maang kii gaee."nae shikhar key tukade vahaan jaa sakate they jahan marrian ney plaster rakhaa thaa, jabaki unaki anupasthiti kaa upayog yeh sujhaav dene key liye kiya jaa sakata thaa kii pahale punarnirmaan parr shikhar bahut lamba thaa.
punah utkhanan key dauran helmate key chaar nae tukade khoje gaye. 1939 key teen dump 1967 key mausam key dauran sthit they, aur "lagbhag ack baar mein" helmate aur badey latakate katora key tukade mille... saath hii dhaal key aabhushanon key tukade aur haathi seey ack tinn."khoj itani prachur matra mein thee kii pahale dump key ack teen phut gunaa ack phut khand mein saath kadaahi key tukade they. helmate key chaar tukade dusare dump seey aae, jisamen kewal jahaaj key dafan kaksh seey vastuein theen. unamen dextor gaal rakshak seey ack kaaj kaa tukada, shikhar seey ack "satah kaa parat", bansuri rekhaaon key saath lohe kaa ack chhota tukada, aur lohe key kinare kaa ack chhota tukada shamil thaa joe badey interless design kaa hissa dikhaata haye.
sutton huu mein punah utkhanan seey sabse mahatvapurna helmate gaal key rakshak kaa tukada thaa, aur kissy bhee mahatvapurna shikhar tukade kii kamee thee. gaal rakshak kaa tukada 1939 mein paae gaye ack anya mein shamil hoe gayaa, ack saath helmate key chalane vaale hisson mein seey ack key liye ack kaaj plate koo puuraa kiya, joe pahale naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa."iss beach, halanki shikhar seey ack" "satah key tukade" "kii khoj kii gaee thee, lekin isaki niyukti ney shikhar kii samagr lambai koo prabhaavit naheen kiya. isake bajaay mahatvapurna shikhar kii kamee mool punarnirmaan mein lambe plaster sammilan key sandeh koo majboot karati haye."
vartamaan punarnirmaan.
sutton huu helmate kaa vartamaan punarnirmaan 1971 mein puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, joe kii nigel williams dwara athaarah maheene key kaam key baad kiya gayaa thaa. villium ney apani kishoravastha mein marrian key roop mein kalaa aur shilp key usee kendriya vidyalaya mein adhyayan karane key baad british sangrahalaya mein shamil hoe gaye they, phir bhee marrian key vipareet, jinhone apane 70 key dashak mein pahali bahaali poori kii aur "kewal ack aankh key upayog seey", williams ney apane 20 key dashak key madhya mein helmate kaa punarnirmaan kiya.
1968 mein, pahale punarnirmaan mein spasht samasyaon key saath, joe sutton huu mein punah utkhanan dwara ansuljhi reh gaee theen, sakshya kii punah jaanch karane kaa nirnay liya gayaa thaa. kaee maheenon key vichaar-vimarsh key baad, helmate koo alag karane aur ise phir seey banaane kaa nirnay liya gayaa. gaal key rakshakon, chehare key mask aur gardan key rakshak koo pahale helmate seey hataa diyaa gayaa aur aiks-ray kiya gayaa, jisase taar kii jaali plaster mein dhaki hui aur tukadon seey dhaki hui dikhaai dee.
taar koo taba "kaaleen kii tarah vaapas ghumaaya gayaa", aur pratyek tukade koo alag karane key liye ack aaree kaa upayog kiya gayaa. shesh plaster koo ack khopadi aur suiyon key saath chipkaya gayaa thaa. helmate key antim tukade, khopadi kii topi, koo plaster key sir key neeche seey daali gaee lambi pinn key saath shikhar koo dhakka dekar aur phir sir key beach seey katkar aadhe mein kaataa gayaa thaa.
kendriya plaster core koo taba hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur shesh "plaster aur lohe kii patali twacha" koo alag-alag tukadon mein alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa jaisa kii kaana key flap, gardan kaa gaard aur chehare kaa mukhauta thaa. alag honey kii iss prakriya mein chaar maheene lagey aur helmate koo 500 seey adhik tukadon mein chhod diyaa. parinam williams key liye "bhayaanak" thaa. "kewal dou gyaat anglo-saxon helmets mein seey ack, praarambhik madhyayugeen kaal parr lagbhag harr pustak mein sachitra ack vastu, tukadon mein padee thee."
chaar maheene key alag honey key baad, helmate key nae nirmaan parr kaam shuru huaa. yeh kaam kaafee hudd taka nae jodon kii khoj dwara unnat thaa, joe samajh mein kaee safaltaon dwara chihnit thaa. nae jodd jyaadaatar tukadon kii peeth koo dekhkar paae gaye, joe "ack advitiya kaalaa, lahardaar aur bulbula prakriti" koo banaae rakhta haye, joe kharaab kagaj kii tarah jhurriyon seey bharaa huaa haye aur bahut kaalaa rung haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii vishisht prakriti lohe key oxide key saath vyaapt ack bigadate chamade key astar key parinamswarup haye-vaastav mein, yeh shaahi kavach pratikriti mein chamade key astar kii pushti karane vaalaa pramaan haye-aur tukadon kii jhurriyon koo sookshmadarshi key tahat milan karane kii anumati haye.
iss tarah khopadi kii topi koo shikhar seey banaaya gayaa thaa, iss khoj seey sahaayata millie kii shikhar kii seema seey lagey kewal dou bansuri pattiyon koo soney kaa rung diyaa gayaa thaa; parinamswarup soney key rung key moulding vaale chhah tukade shikhar seey judey hue paae gaye they. iss beach, gaal rakshakon koo aakar diyaa gayaa aur pahale punarnirmaan key dusht paksh seey teen tukadon koo kushal paksh seey dou tukadon key saath jodkar kaafee lamba kiya gayaa. jabade dwara khule hue kshetron koo pahale punarnirmaan dwara chhod diyaa gayaa thaa, tou kewal dusare key anta key paas samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jaba hathiyaron aur kavach parr ack visheshagya ney salah dee thee kii gaal rakshakon koo buss paksh badalana chaahiye.
jaba mool helmate kii ack uchit tasveer dikhaai dey rahee thee, tou dusare punarnirmaan mein nau maheene seey adhik samay taka kaam kiya gayaa thaa, tou punarsthaapit kiye gaye tukadon koo ack "binaa suvidha vaale plaster gumbad" key khilaf rakhaa gayaa thaa. yeh gumbad swayam helmate key mool aayamon seey mell khaane key liye tail mukt plastic key saath baahar kii or banaaya gayaa thaa. tukadon koo lambe pinn key saath rakhaa gayaa thaa jaba taka kii joot aur chipakane vaale mishran koo laapata kshetron key aakar mein dhaala naheen gayaa thaa, aur tukadon seey chipkaya gayaa thaa. tukadon key kinaaron koo taba paani pratirodhi raal key saath lepit kiya gayaa thaa, aur plaster koo joot key oopar faila diyaa gayaa thaa aur helmate kii satah koo chikna kiya gayaa thaa.
plaster koo tukadon key rung key samaan halke bhoore rung seey chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki tukadon koo khud koo khadaa karane kii anumati dee gaee thee; phir panels key kinaaron koo ingit karane key liye rekhaaen kheenchi gaeen. parinam ack khokhla helmate thaa jisamen tukadon kii peeth dikhaai detee haye. 2 navambar 1971 koo, athaarah maheene key samay aur williams dwara poore varsh kaam karane key baad, sutton huu helmate kaa doosara aur vartamaan punarnirmaan pradarshan parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.
saanskritik prabhaav.
1971 mein sutton huu helmate kaa punarnirmaan vyaapak roop seey manaaya gayaa thaa, aur paanch dashakon mein yeh madhya yug, puraatatva aur ingland kaa prateek bunn gayaa haye. ise upanyason, pathyapustakon aur vidwan prakashanon key aavaran parr chitrit kiya gayaa haye, jaise kii bernard cornwell dwara "dha winter king" aur james campbelle dwara "dha anglo-saxon", aur kalakaron, film nirmaataon aur designers koo prabhaavit kiya haye. usee samay, helmate ack samay kaa chehra bunn gayaa haye jise kabhi kaale yug key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, lekin abb isaki parishkaar key liye pahachaana jaataa haye-kuchh hudd taka suutan huu seey milane vaale khojon key kaaran-aur madhya yug key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
helmate ack samay kii avadhi koo sachchai detaa haye joe yoddhaon aur "bewulf" mein meed holl key chitran seey gyaat hotaa haye, joe ack baar kaalpanik maanaa jaataa thaa, aur post-roman britten mein anglo-saxon koo vyakt kartaa haye. ack puraataatvik khoj seey ack pratishthit vastu jise "british tutankhamen" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, 2006 mein ise raani key sir kii tikat, double-decker buss aur chaay key cup key saath ingland key 100 saanskritik prateekon mein seey ack key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa.
trutiyaan.
haalaanki samkaaleenon dwara "nipun" aur "saarvbhaumik roop seey prashansit" kahaa jaataa haye, lekin sutton huu helmate key vartamaan punarnirmaan ney "kaee chhoti samasyaon koo ansulajha" chhod diyaa aur isamen kaee chhoti-motee ashuddhiyaan hain. yeye mukhya roop seey gardan key rakshak taka seemit hain, jahan "vaastav mein mool padaarth kaa bahut cumm" haye... jeevit rahata haye jise kissy bhee nishchitata key saath rakhaa jaa sakata haye."neeche key kinare parr tukadon key dou khand, aur beach mein tukadon key chaar khand, kewal atkalbaji seey rakhe gaye hain, jisase unake sahee sthaanon key baare mein kuchh anishchitata reh jaati haye. parinami anishchitataaen gardan key rakshak key prastaavit aakar key saath samasya key bajaay, badey sthaan key bheetar vyaktigat tukadon key sthaan seey sambandhit hain.
vartamaan mein punarnirmaan key roop mein, sutton huu neck gaard mein teen pramukh samasyaaen hain. design 5 key kaee tukade gardan key gaard parr bahut oonche rakhe jaate hain, joe "unake oopar kii tulanaa mein anuprasth bansuri pattiyon kii lambai key neeche adhik jagah dikhaata haye. neeche chhodi gaee jagah dye kii lambai seey adhik haye, jabaki oopar kii jagah dye kii lambai seey cumm haye."shaahi shastragar pratikriti parr sahee, vinyas koo samaan lambai key design 5 key dou poorna prabhaavon key liye anumati deni chaahiye, joe unake siron parr urdhvaadhar roop seey judey hue hain.
isake alawa, gardan key rakshak key tukadon kii kamee seey yeh sawal khulata haye kii design 5 key kitane urdhvaadhar strips kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. halanki punarnirmaan mein saat pattiyon kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa, "[tii] yahaan yeh ingit karane key liye koee saboot naheen haye kii gardan-rakshak key nichale hisse parr saat urdhvaadhar sajawati pattiyan theen, aur sujhaav. . . kii sankhya koo ghataakar paanch curr diyaa jaanaa chaahiye, yeh samaan roop seey sambhav haye."
yadi saat sahee sankhya bhee haye, tou vartamaan punarnirmaan dou pattiyon dwara ack "avishvasaniya ander kii or jhukaav" dikhaata haye joe kendriya pattiyon koo gherate hain; pattiyon koo seedha karane seey sajawati pattiyon koo praakritik roop seey baahar nikalane kii anumati milati haye, jisase unake beach saade satah key samaan roop seey faile hue vages reh jaate hain."anta mein, gardan kaa rakshak vartamaan punarnirmaan parr cumm latka hotaa haye, jaba ise banaaya jaataa thaa, gardan key gaard key sheersh key liye mool roop seey topi key ander fitt kiya jaataa thaa. yeh vibhinn staron parr dextor gaal aur gardan key rakshakon key nikatvarti kinaaron koo chhod detaa haye, aur shaahi shastragar pratikriti parr thheek kiya gayaa thaa.
shaahi shastragar pratikriti.
1973 mein shaahi shastragaron ney nae bahaal kiye gaye sutton huu helmate kii pratikriti banaane key liye british sangrahalaya key saath sahyog kiya. sangrahalaya ney sajawati tatvon key vidyut prakaron key saath-saath design kaa ack samanya khaaka pradaan kiya-naak aur munh kaa tukada, bhauhen, dragon key sir aur "pressbulch" panni-shastragar key master koo ack alag prakaar kaa roop dete hue. aar. duffy, apane sahayak aich key saath. russell robbinson aur varishth sanrakshan adhikaari kavach nirmaata ee. aich. smith aur aeye. davis kaary koo puuraa karane key liye.
nirmaan mein kaee antar dekhe gaye, jaise kii ack thhos shikhar, sajawati prabhaavon koo vaapas karane key liye upayog kiya jaane vaalaa seesa soulder, aur chaandi koo jadane key liye niyojit takneek, halanki helmate mool design key karib seey banaaya gayaa thaa. inn antaron key kaaran pratikriti kaa vajan mool key anumaanit vajan seey adhik yaa adhik bhaari hoe gayaa.
sitambar 1973 mein "saxensimpotion" mein ack sambodhan seey pahale taiyar pratikriti kaa anaavaran kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen naatakiya roop seey chamak theeh roshni mund hoe gaee thee; galiyare key neeche nigel williams ney sutton huu wheatstone kii pratikriti pakadi thee; aur unake peechhe ack gaadi kaa kaaleen pahane hue aur haath seey cross kiye hue, shaahi kavach helmate pahane hue aur "bewulf" kii shuruati rekhaaon kaa paath karate hue, rupert broose-mitford kaa peechha kiya.
shaahi shastragar pratikriti ney mool helmate key kaee vivaranon koo spasht kiya, aur ack udaaharan pradaan kiya kii jaba yeh nayaa thaa tou yeh kaisa dikhta thaa. ise pahana bhee jaa sakata haye aur prayog key adheen kiya jaa sakata haye jiss tarah seey mool naheen hoe sakata thaa. vishesh roop seey prajanan seey pataa chalaa kii gardan kaa rakshak mool roop seey topi key ander sthaapit kiya gayaa hoga, jisase yeh adhik swatantrata key saath aage badh sakata haye aur oopar kii or sawari curr sakata haye, aur iss tarah 1971 key punarnirmaan mein ack ashuddhata kaa pradarshan kiya gayaa, jahaan gardan kaa rakshak aur kushal gaal rakshak galat tareeke seey taiyar kiye gaye hain.
pratikriti ney design 5 key nichale aur oopari donon udaharanon key barabar lambai dekar gardan key rakshak key punarnirmaan mein ack doosari truti koo bhee thheek kiya, halanki isane shayed pratyek design 5 chhaap key chaaron or ack drishyamaan billated seema rakhkar ack truti pesh kii. kii pratikriti koo pahana jaa sakata haye, mool key kaee visheshtaon koo bhee prakat kartaa haye. yeh gati aur drishti kii shreniyon koo pradarshit kartaa haye joe ack pahanane vaale key paas hogi, aur chamade kii parat key alawa paryaapt padding key saath, vibhinn aakaron key sir vaale loga aaraam seey helmate pahan sakate hain.
isake alawa, pratikriti seey pataa chalaa kii helmate koo dabaane key dauran, yuddh mein vaastavik roop seey pahana jaa sakata haye, aur yeh kii yeh apane pahanane vaale koo ack prabhaavshaali aur dhwaniman aavaaj dega. anta mein, aur sabse aashcharyajanak roop seey, shaahi shastragar pratikriti ney buss yeh dikhaaya kii kaise mool roop seey sutton huu helmate dikhaai diyaa. yeh helmate koo ack jangdar bhoore rung key avashesh key bajaay ack chamakati safed vastu key roop mein dikhaata thaa, aur aisaa karate hue "bewulf" mein rekhaaon koo "safed helmate" kaa ullekh karate hue chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. . . khajaane dwara badhaaya gayaa "(" assie seey hwita helm. . . choonki ").
yeh pratikriti british sangrahalaya mein mool helmate key saath kamare 41 mein pradarshit kii gaee haye. ise duniya bhar mein pradarshit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen sanyukt raajya america, japan, dakshin koria, chean, taiwan aur hangkang mein thaharaav shamil hain.

