
ragolates mendex

ragolates mendex tefrited phal makkhi kii ack prajaati haye jise aam naam blueberry magot seey jaanaa jaataa haye. blueberry magot seb magot ("aar") seey nikatata seey sambandhit haye. pomonella), ack hii vansh mein ack badaa phal. yeh ericacy parivaar mein paudhe kii prajaatiyon kaa ack pramukh keat haye, jaise kii blueberry, cranberry aur hakalberry. larva 5 seey 8 mimi lamba, apodus aur chuing mouth parts key saath safed hotaa haye. mahila vayaskon kii lambai 4.75mm hoti haye, purush thode chhote hotey hain. donon vayask jyaadaatar safed dhaariyon key saath kaale rung key hotey hain, narangi-laal aankhen, aur kaale pattiyon key saath spasht pankhon kii ack jodee. vayask maadaa makkhi prati blueberry ack andaa detee haye, aur jaba larva nikalata haye tou yeh phal kaa sevan kartaa haye, aamtaur parr 3 saptah key bheetar poore berry koo samaapt curr detaa haye aur ise bechana ayogya banaa detaa haye. larva phir mitty mein girata haye aur pyupa banaata haye. jaba blueberry key paudhe phal paida curr rahey hotey hain tou vayask makkhiyan nikalati hain, saathi banati hain aur maadaa andashay mein hoti hain. pratyek maadaa makkhi apane jivankal mein 25 seey 100 andey dey sakati haye.
yeh purvi aur dakshini sanyukt raajya america aur purvi kanada key kshetron mein maujood haye. sankraman kaa prasaar rashtriya aur kshetriya paadap sanrakshan sangathanon dwara viniyamit kiya jaataa haye. inmein kanada kii khaadya nireekshan agency (see. aff. aaee. aeye.), sanyukt raajya america kaa krishi vibhaag (yuu. aiss. dee. aeye.), europeeya aur bhoomadhyasagariya paadap sanrakshan sangathan (ee. pee. oh.) aur chhote kshetriya sarkari sangathan shamil hain.
blueberry magot sankraman mukhya roop seey rasayanik keetnashakon key upayog seey niyantrit hotey hain. niyantran anuprayogon key samay aur aavritti parr nirnay lene key liye ack ekikrit keat prabandhan karyakram mein sticky card trap key madhyam seey ekatra kiye gaye degree day predictive model aur nigrani detta kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. saanskritik upaay jaise kii atyadhik pakey hue jamun koo hataana aksar niyantran karyakramon mein rasayanik keetnashak upchaar key saath jodaa jaataa haye.
roopvigyaan.
andey safed aur lambe aakar key hotey hain. poorna vikasit larva yaa magots 7.75mm (5/16 inch) lambe, safed hotey hain, badey preoral daanton (munh key saamane) key saath, sir parr ack shanku key aakar kaa doorasth samvedi anga, aur kund prishth parr sthit badey gudaa khand aur jode gaye sarpil hotey hain. pyupa ack bhoore rung kii baahari twacha mein ghiraa hotaa haye jise puperium key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. vayask anya "ragolates" prajaatiyon seey jeevan key charanon mein sabse adhik antar karate hain-mukhya roop seey unake pankhon parr patti, andashay kii lambai aur anya jannang visheshtaon key anupaat seey-aur ack vargeekaran pehchaan kunji kaa upayog karke pahachaana jaa sakata haye. maadaa makkhi lagbhag 4.75 mimi (3/16 inch) lambi hoti haye aur isake pankh 8 mimi (1/3 inch) key hotey hain, jisamen narr makkhiyan thodi chhoti hoti hain. narr aur maadaa donon kaa vaksh jyaadaatar kaalaa hotaa haye jisamen ack spasht roop seey safed dhabba hotaa haye joe scutellum koo dhakta haye aur donon taraf ack safed patti hoti haye. maadaon kaa pett nukila hotaa haye aur isamen maheen safed samooh key chaar kshaitij pattiyan hoti hain joe khandon koo alag karati hain, jabaki purush pett adhik goal hotaa haye aur isamen samooh key kewal teen kshaitij pattiyan hoti hain. sir lagbhag poori tarah seey aankho seey dhakaa hotaa haye joe laal rung kii hoti hain, jisamen ack ubhari hui jodee hoti haye. unake paas pankhon kaa ack samooh hotaa haye, joe ack "aff" pattern mein vyavasthit vishisht kaale pattiyon key saath spasht hotey hain. kaee mamalon mein, "aar" key drishtigat roop seey alag karane vaale charan. pomonella" prajaati samooh mein anya logon seey "mendex" sambhav naheen haye aur prajaatiyon koo nirnaayak roop seey nirdhaarit karane key liye pee. see. aar. jaise jaiv rasayanik parikshanon key upayog kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.
jeevan chakr.
iss prajaati kaa jeevan chakr holometabolus haye, aur isake vikas key chaar charan hainh andaa, larva, pyupa aur vayask. vayaskon kaa jivankal aamtaur parr 30-45 dinn yaa usase adhik hotaa haye, jisamen maadaaen 15 dinon seey shuru hocker lagbhag 45 dinon (mausam parr nirbhar) taka prajanan karane mein saksham hoti hain.
blueberry magot kii phenology vividh haye, aur yeh usa bhaugolik kshetra parr nirbhar karati haye jahan aabaadi rahati haye. uttari america key adhikansh kshetron mein, aabaadi kaa ack avibhajya jeevan chakr hotaa haye. mukhya aur sambhaavit roop seey anya sthaanon mein, halanki raajya mein lagbhag 85 pratishat aabaadi ack-voltine haye, jabaki baaki ardh-voltine hainh 10 pratishat teen sardiyon koo pyupa key roop mein bitaate hain, aur 5 pratishat chaar sardiyon mein bitaate hain.
vasant yaa garmiyon mein vayaskon kii pahali lahar mitty seey nikalegi, joe iss kshetra mein mezban phal key pakane seey thheek pahale yaa usake saath mell khaayegi. vayask garmiyon mein samoohon mein ubharate rahenge. lagbhag 90 pratishat aabaadi ack-dusare key ack maheene kii avadhi key bheetar ubharati haye, halanki, adhikatam phal upalabdhata key samay mahilaaen purushon seey 4-5 dinn pahale ubharengi. kuchh kshetron mein garmiyon mein ubharane mein deree hoti haye, sambhaavit roop seey pyupa kii garmi-prerit shaanti key kaaran.
vayask oss, keat madhu aur patte parr anya sraav taba taka khaayenge jaba taka kii maadaaen yaun roop seey paripakva naheen hoe jaati hain. sambhog key baad, maadaa makkhiyan apane pett key anta mein ack vaapas lene yogya andashay kaa upayog karke prati berry ack andaa dengi taaki phal koo chhed kiya jaa sakey aur andey koo twacha key thheek neeche jamaa kiya jaa sakey. yeh prakriya ack andashay-ghataane vaale ferromon koo peechhe chhod detee haye taaki anya maadaon koo kuchh dinon key liye ack hii phal mein apana andaa dene seey rokaa jaa sakey.
bhaugolik sthiti aur jalavaayu key aadhar parr 3-7 dinon mein andey nikalenge, aur larva phal kaa sevan karna shuru curr denge. larva 17-30 dinon mein teen dinon mein bhojan karna jaari rakhenge aur vikas key teen charanon seey gujarenge, jiss bindu parr teesara instar larva phal seey nikalega, mitty mein gir jaayega, aur ack seey dou inch kii gaharaai parr pyupa banaana shuru curr dega. pyupa paalan julaai mein isake vitaran kii sabse dakshini seema parr aur sitambar key anta mein isaki sabse uttari seema parr shuru hoe sakata haye.
vitaran.
"ragolates mendox" uttari america kaa mool nivasi haye, aur sanyukt raajya america aur kanada key purvi kshetron mein paaya jaataa haye. sanyukt raajya america mein 2015 taka iska vitaran georgia aur florida jaise raajyon key roop mein door dakshin taka pahunchata haye, aur maine aur vermont jaise raajyon key roop mein door uttar-paschim taka pahunchata haye. kanada mein, yeh newfoundland aur labrador (nyu brunswick, nova skotia, quebeck, aur ontario) koo chhodkar sabhi tateey purvi praanton mein maujood haye, aur kewal quebeck aur ontario mein chhoti aabaadi mein haye.
nae kshetron mein failaav kaa praathamik tarika sankramit falon key parivahan key madhyam seey haye, aur doosara udaan key madhyam seey, "aar" key roop mein. mendex "vayask kewal cumm doori taka uda sakate hain. pyupa koo dooshit badhate media mein bhee leey jaaya jaa sakata haye.
mezban aur bhojan vyavhaar.
"ragolates mendex" vayask apane mezban vansh erikasi mein prajaatiyon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala kii or aakarshit hotey hain, aur unhein anya "ragolates" prajaatiyon key mejbaanon kii tulanaa mein pasand karate hain.
ericacy vansh key kaee mezban vaanijyik fasalen aur "vaccinium" vansh kii jangli prajaatiyan hain, jaise kii haibush aur lobush blueberry ("v. corimbosum "aur" angustifolia "kramshah), cranberry (" v. macrocarpone), lingonberry (v. vitis-idiya), aur hakalberry ("vaccinium spu."&" "galusasia sp).
kuchh shodhon seey pataa chalata haye kii vayask bhee "enterobactor" ("pantoa") "aglomerance", paudhon key patton aur falon parr paae jaane vaale bacteria kii ack epiphytic nitrogen-fixing prajaati dwara sraavit vashpasheel padarthon kii or aakarshit hotey hain. yeh dou prajaatiyon key beach ack sahajeevi sambandh key kaaran hoe sakata haye, jahan "ee. aglomerance "mahila key andashay kii paripakvata key liye aavashyak nitrogen pradaan kartaa haye.
prabhaav.
bheetar seey jamun khaane seey larva key phal samay seey pahale gir sakate hain aur sanrachanaatmak akhandata kii haani hoe sakati haye. isake alawa, vyaavsaayik roop seey ugaaye jaane vaale jamun mein larva kii upasthiti upabhokta santushti koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit curr sakati haye. inn karakon seey phal kii vipanan kshamata mein kamee aatee haye aur utpaadak key liye laabh mein kamee aatee haye.
niyantran.
degree day model.
mitty key tapman key aadhar parr degree day predictive modeling kaa upayog kshetra mein vayask udbhav kii sabse sambhaavit tithiyon koo nirdhaarit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. aar" key liye vikasatmak seema. mendex, "vyaktiyon key paripakva honey key liye aavashyak nyuntam tapman 6.1 degree celsius (43 degree fahrenheit) haye. vishvavidyalaya key degree day model bhavishyavani karate hain kii 1 aprail seey 971 degree fahrenheit dinon (sanchay avadhi jisamen ausat dainik tapman vikasatmak seema parr yaa usase oopar haye) key sanchay seey makkhi kii aabaadi key madhya key udbhav kii bhavishyavani kii jaa sakati haye.
computer prograam joe input kiye gaye tapman detta key aadhar parr phenological ghatnaaon kii tarikh kii ganana karate hain, jaise kii "r" key beach. kuchh vishvavidyalayon jaise kii vishvavidyalaya off maine dwara ack vistaar seva key roop mein 'mendex' kaa uday pesh kiya jaataa haye.
iss jaankaari kaa upayog prabhavsheelta badhaane key liye, keetnashak anuprayog jaisi niyantran ranneetiyon key samay aur prabhavsheelta koo nirdhaarit karane key liye ekikrit keat prabandhan karyakramon mein nigrani detta key saath sanyojan mein kiya jaataa haye.
nigrani.
peele chipchipe card koo vee-aakar mein modd diyaa jaataa haye, baahari hisse mein amonium acetate key saath baandh diyaa jaataa haye, aur fasal key paudhon key beach latka diyaa jaataa haye, aamtaur parr "aar" kii upasthiti kaa pataa lagaane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. ack vaanijyik berry kshetra mein mendex. grid pattern mein sett kiye gaye trap kshetra kii aabaadi kahaan sthit haye, isake adhik sateek maap kii anumati dete hain.
saanskritik.
kheton seey adhik pakey hue falon koo hataane seey agale vasant mein ubharane vaale vayaskon kii sankhya cumm hoe sakati haye aur punah sankraman kii darr cumm hoe sakati haye.
rasayanik.
vayask avastha koo niyantrit karane key liye cumm paryavaraniya dridhata vaale keetnashakon kii sifarish kii jaati haye. koee bhee keetnashak larva yaa pyupa charanon koo prabhaavi dhang seey lakshit naheen curr sakata haye, kyonki way kramshah faldar shareer aur mitty dwara sanrakshit hain. anushansit aavedan samay pahali vayask makkhi koo pakadane key 5-7 dinn baad haye, jisamen spott aur paridhi upchaar prabhaavi hain jahaan kshetra key kuchh lekin bhaari prabhaavit kshetra hain. mishigan raajya vishvavidyalaya dwara kiye gaye parikshanon mein paaya gayaa kii sakriya ghatak spinsin key saath keetnashakon koo teevra sankraman vaale kshetron mein blueberry magot kii aabaadi koo niyantrit karane mein achchha-utkrisht maanaa gayaa thaa.
aar key liye ack niyantran vidhi key roop mein sambhaavit upayog key liye aakarshit karane aur maarne kii shally key trap kaa pareekshan kiya jaa rhaa haye. mendex, "seb magot koo niyantrit karane key liye safaltapurvak upayog kiya gayaa haye (" aar. pomonella "). biodegradable aur niyamit plastic, yaa mait pepper seey baney trap koo amonia-adharit caromon pralobhan, ack aakarshak rung, yaa donon key saath baandh diyaa jaataa haye, aur ack keetnashak key saath upchaar kiya jaataa haye. keetnashak key sampark aur antargrahan seey mrityu hoti haye. keetnashak yaugik imidacloprid aur fipronil seey "aar" kii uchchatam darr praapt hui. ack adhyayan mein mendex "vayask mrityu udataa haye.
viniyaman.
kanada kii rashtriya paadap sanrakshan sangathan, kanadai khaadya nireekshan agency (see. aff. aaee. aeye.) ney sanyukt raajya krishi vibhaag-pashu aur paadap swaasthya nireekshan seva (yuu. aiss. dee. aeye.-ephis) aur kanadai seema seva agency (see. bee. aiss. aeye.), aur utpadakon aur aayatakon jaise niji vyavsaayon jaisi sarkari agencies key upayog key liye nirdesh dee-02-04 banaaya. yeh "aar" key prasaar koo rokane key liye anushansit phytosanitary upaayon kii ruprekha taiyar kartaa haye. taaja blueberry aur blueberry key paudhon mein mendex.
isake alawa, see. aff. aaee. kanada key gair-viniyamit kshetron mein ack vaarshik blueberry magot sarvekshan aayojit kartaa haye. bhaag lene vaale vaanijyik blueberry kshetron kii nigrani una kshetron mein batted sticky card kaa upayog karke kii jaati haye jahaan keat maujood naheen haye yaa cumm aabaadi mein maujood naheen haye taaki inn kshetron kii "keat-mukt sthiti" sunishchit kii jaa sakey.
"ragolates mendex" koo europeeya aur bhoomadhyasagariya paadap sanrakshan sangathan (ee. pee. oh.) dwara aeye1 sangrodh soochi shreni 'gair-europeeya trypetina' makkhiyon key tahat ack sangrodh keat key roop mein viniyamit kiya jaataa haye. iska upayog aayatit vastuon jaise taaje phal aur mezban paudhon key liye vyaapaar pratibandh key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.

