
george washington dixon

george washington dixon (1801? - 2 march, 1861) ack americi gaayak, munch abhineta aur samachar patra sampaadak they. cole black rose", "zip coon" aur isi tarah key geeton key pradarshan key baad vaha ack blackface kalakar (sambhavatah aisaa karane vaale pahale americi) key roop mein pramukhta seey ubhare. baad mein unhone patrakaarita mein apana currier banaaya, jisake dauran unhone uchch varg key sadasyon key khilaf lagaatar aaropon key liye unaki dushmani arjit kii.
15 saal kii umr mein, dixon circus mein shamil hoe gaye, jahan unhone jaldi hii khud koo ack gaayak key roop mein sthaapit curr liya. 1829 mein, unhone blackface mein "cole black rose" kaa pradarshan karna shuru kiya; yeh aur isi tarah key geet unhein stardom kii or leey jaayenge. unake samkaaleen thomas dee key vipareet. chawal, dixon mukhya roop seey ack nartak key bajaay ack gaayak they. way sabhi khaaton seey ack pratibhashali gaayak they, aur unaki adhikansh samagri kaafee chunautipurna thee. "zip coon" unakaa trademark geet bunn gayaa.
1835 taka, dixon ney patrakaarita koo apana praathamik vyavasaay maanaa. unakaa pahala pramukh pepper "dixon kii dainik sameeksha" thaa, jise unhone 1835 mein lowell, massachusets seey prakaashit kiya thaa. unhone 1836 mein "dixon kii shaniwar raat express" key saath iska anusaran kiya, joe boston mein prakaashit huaa. iss samay taka, unhone apane pepper kaa upayog karke uchch vargon key kukarmon koo ujagar karane kaa faisala kiya thaa. inn kahaaniyon ney unhein kaee dushman arjit kiye, aur dixon koo kaee avsaron parr adalat mein leey jaaya gayaa. unakaa sabse safal pepper "polyenthos" thaa, jise unhone 1838 mein newyork shahar seey prakaashit karna shuru kiya. isake mastake key neeche, unhone thomas sahit apane kuchh sabse badey virodhiyon koo chunauti dee. hamblin, aadaraniya francis ell. baaz, aur maidam retail. sammohan, "paidal chalane vaale" (lambi doori kii paidal yatra) aur anya gatividhiyon mein ack sankshipt prayaas key baad, vaha nyu orleans, louisiana mein sevaanivritt hoe gaye.
bachpan, kishoravastha aur yuva purushatva.
dixon key bachpan key baare mein vivaran durlabh hain. record seey pataa chalata haye kii unakaa janm richmond, virginia mein, shayed 1801 mein, ack mazdoor varg key parivaar mein huaa thaa. hoe sakata haye kii vaha kissy charity school mein shikshit huaa hoe. dixon kaa kaafee vistrit vivaran aur chitra jeevit hain; unakaa rung ack swarthi thaa aur unake baal ack shandar sir they. haalaanki, yeh sawal khula haye kii vaha safed thaa yaa kaalaa. unake dushman kabhi-kabhi unhein "mulato", "nigro", yaa "jip coon" key roop mein sandarbhit karate they, joe unake ack geet mein kaale charitra kaa naam thaa. haalaanki, sakshya key vajan seey pataa chalata haye kii yadi dixon kaa vansh kaalaa thaa, tou yeh kaafee door thaa.
1841 kii ack samachar patra kii kahani mein daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii 15 saal kii umr mein, dixon key gaayan ney paschim naamak ack circus malik kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya. usa aadami ney dixon koo ack sthir aur kaam karane vaale ladke key roop mein apane yatra circus mein shamil honey key liye manaa liya. dixon ney kuchh samay key liye iss aur anya circus key saath yatra kii, aur vaha ack gaayak aur farwari 1824 kii shuruat mein bilon parr kavitaon key paath key roop mein dikhaai dete hain. 1829 kii shuruat taka, unhone "americi buffo gaayak" upnaam liya thaa.
julaai 1829 key anta mein teen dinon mein, dixon ney newyork shahar mein bowery, chaitham garden aur park theatres mein blackface mein "cole black rose" kaa pradarshan kiya. flashes" ney unake darshakon koo "bheedbhaad vaali deerghaon aur cumm bharey hue dibbon" key roop mein varnit kiya; yaani, jyaadaatar shramik varg. 24 sitambar koo bowery mein, dixon ney "ack baadal mein pyaar" kaa pradarshan kiya, joe "koyla kaalaa gulab" mein varnit ghatnaaon kii ack naatakiya vyakhya thee aur sambhavatah pahala kaalaa chehra prahasan thaa. yeye pradarshan ack hitt saabit hue, aur dixon shayed kissy anya americi blackface kalakar key aisaa karane seey pahale hii prasiddh hoe gaye. 14 disambar koo, albany theatre mein dixon key laabh ney $155.87 kii kamai kii, joe usa varsh kii shuruat kii raat key baad seey vahaan kaa sabse badaa tech thaa.
dixon ney 1834 key madhyam seey pradarshan kiya, sabse adhik baar newyork key teen pramukh cinemagharon mein. blackface geet-aur-nritya sankhya key alawa, unhone lokpriya natakon key safed chehare vaale geet aur drishya kiye; unaki adhikansh samagri kaafee chunautipurna thee. dixon kii prasiddhi ney unhein vyangya aur raajneetik tippani key saath apani samagri koo banaane kii anumati dee. 25 navambar, 1830 koo unhone washington mein 120,000 kii bheed key saamane gaaya.see., france mein julaai kranti key samarthan mein. unhone 1830 mein "dixon audities" naamak lokpriya geeton aur natakon kaa ack sangrah bechana shuru kiya; yeh pustak lambe samay baad bhee mudrit rahee. dixon ney jyaadaatar ack shramik varg key darshakon key liye bajaaya, jisamen unake "dha newyork fireman" jaise geeton kii soochi bhee shamil thee, joe agnishamakon kii tulanaa americi sansthaapak pitaa seey karate they. vakchaturya ney unake kaary kaa ack aur pahalu banaaya; 4 disambar, 1832 koo, "baltimore deshbhakt" ney bataaya kii dixon front street theatre mein rashtrapati kaa ack sambodhan padhenge.
1833 mein unhone ack chhota saa samachar patra shuru kiya jise stonington "cannon" kahaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, prakaashan koo bahut cumm safalata millie, aur janwari 1834 taka, vaha phir seey pradarshan curr rahey they, abb naee pratibhaon key saath, jaise kii ventriloquism. dixon apane saal bhar key antaral seey bedagh lugg rhaa thaa. sameekshaon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii "unaki aavaaj sangeet seey hii bunny prateet hoti haye-'yeh romanch paida karati haye, yeh animate karati haye'..."telegraph" ney likhaa,
kuchh melodists ney adhik prasiddhi praapt kii haye yaa saarvbhaumik roop seey unaki prashansa kii gaee haye... iss sajjan kii kalam seey unake mukhar shaktiyon seey swatantra kaee bhaav, unake kaafee pratibha aur maulikta vaale vyakti honey kaa paryaapt pramaan haye-aapako unhein apani rashtriya havaa mein "ack aise pankh parr gaate hue sunana chaahiye joe gaurav mein chamakata haye" [aur yeh hamaare liye anaavashyak hoga] ack gaayak key roop mein unaki yogyata koo badhaana-kyonki unaki dhunon mein deshbhakti kii bhavna dikhaai detee haye joe harr darshak kaa dhyaan aakarshit karati haye.
march mein, dixon ney pahali baar "jip coon" kaa pradarshan kiya. halanki dixon ney pahale "long tail blue" gaaya thaa, ack aur naslavaadi kahani joe ack kaale "dandy" key baare mein uttari safed samaaj mein fitt honey kii koshish curr rahee thee, "jip coon" ney prashansa praapt kii aur jaldi hii darshakon kii pasandida aur dixon kii trademark dhuna bunn gaee. baad mein unhone geet likhane kaa daavaa kiya, halanki anya logon ney ise unake saamane prastut kiya thaa, isaliye isaki sambhavana cumm lagati haye. dixon ack mitty key jig key saath apane gaayan key saath they.
7 julaai koo dooradraj key dange bhadak uthhe. newyork shahar mein yuvaaon ney gharon, vyavsaayon, churchon aur kaale nyu yorkers aur unmoolanvadiyon key sansthanon koo nishana banaaya. 9 julaai kii raat koo bheed ney bowery theatre parr dhawa boll diyaa. prabandhak thomas aiss. hamblin unhein dabaane mein whiffle rahey, aur abhineta advin forrest ney unaki ummeedon koo puuraa naheen kiya jaba unhone unhein pradarshan karane kaa adesh diyaa. newyork sunn" key anusaarah
shree. gaayak (ack americi) dixon abb apani upasthiti darj karaae. "chalo zip kooon", ack hazaar awazon ney kahaa. gaayak ney unhein hansee key beach unakaa pasandida geet diyaa-aur unake sammaan mein mahapour, joe boodhi mahila ney apane pati key baare mein kahaa, ack "achchi prakriti, aasaan saathi" haye, ney apani upasthiti darj karaai, ack chhota bhaashan diyaa, ack neecha dhanush banaaya, aur baahar chalaa gayaa. dixon, jisane "jip coon" key saath aisee adbhut achchi prakriti kaa utpaadan kiya thaa, ney unhein sambodhit kiya-aur way jald hii chupchaap titar-bitar hoe gaye.
sampaadak koo dico.
1835 kii shuruat mein, dixon audyogik kranti seey ubharate hue ack chhote seey shahar lowell, massachusets mein chaley gaye. aprail taka, unhone "rashtriya melodist" kaa upnaam leey liya thaa aur "dixon kii dainik sameeksha" kaa sampadan curr rahey they. pepper ney "gyaan-swatantrata-upayogita-pratinidhitva-jimmedaari" key aadarsh vaakya key roop mein liya aur wig party, kattarpanthi ganatantravaad aur shramik varg kaa samarthan kiya. "dixon kii dainik sameeksha" ney shahari uttar key teji seey badalate samaaj mein naitikta aur mahilaaon key sthaan kaa bhee pataa lagaaya.
dixon kii apane sahyogiyon kii aalochana ney unhein koee dost naheen dilaaya, aur juuna mein, "boston post" ney bataaya kii unhone "lowell castigator key sampadakon mein seey ack koo kode maare they", aur dusare key peechhe shikaar curr rahey they."agale maheene taka, dixon ney apana pepper betch diyaa thaa, aur nae prakaashak yeh ingit karane key liye utsuk they kii dixon kaa abb isake utpaadan seey koee lena-denaa naheen haye. agast taka, afavaahen fail rahee theen kii dixon ney "samachar patra" naamak ack aur pepper shuru kiya thaa aur ise lowell aur boston mein betch rhaa thaa. yadi unhone aisaa kiya, tou koee pratiyaan jeevit naheen bachee hain.
farwari 1836 taka, dixon phir seey daura curr rhaa thaa. unhone usa maheene boston mein kaee achchi tarah seey upasthit show khele aur tremont theatre mein ack naatak kiya. haalaanki, prakaashan mein unake halia prayason ney lokpriya press mein unaki chhavi koo kharaab curr diyaa thaa, aur "dha newyork times" ney unake nichale varg key darshakon parr vyangya kiya thaah
"tremont teater."iss shaastriya pratishthaan mein, shree dixon," americi buffo gaayak ", vartamaan mein starr hain. usaki "teesari" raat ghoshit kii gaee haye! emporium key kuchh prabuddh nagrik unake pradarshan key baare mein apani raay key saath hamara paksh lenge? kyaa uska zip coon utanaa hii romanchak haye jitna kii mister wood kaa "abhee bhee itani dheere seey oh 'aar main chori curr rhaa huun?"
16 aur 30 aprail koo, dixon ney boston mein rajmistri mandir khela. vahaan unhone apane nichale varg key darshakon koo aakarshit karane key liye samagri shamil kii, jaise kii ack lokpriya dhuna jise unhone boston agnishaman vibhaag key baare mein geeton key saath anukoolit kiya thaa. phir bhee, vaha ack ameer, madhyam varg key sanrakshan taka bhee pahunche. udaaharan key liye, unhone ack shaastriya roop seey prashikshit piyanovadak key saath khela, aur unhone pradarshan koo ack "sangeet karyakram" key roop mein prastut kiya, joe aamtaur parr uchch shreni key, gair-kaale chehare key manoranjan key liye aarakshit ack shabd thaa. dixon ney iss sagaai seey sakal kaa ack tihai kamaayah $23.50. vaha abhee bhee "dixon kii dainik sameeksha" key printer key liye paise kaa bakaaya thaa, isaliye inn kamai koo baad mein orchestra key conductor key liye vishvaas mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. dixon aur printer adheer hoe gaye aur jaldi ikattha karane key liye nyasi koo ack jaali nott prastut kiya. kuchh dinon key bheetar, dixon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur boston mein jail bhej diyaa gayaa. press ney unhein phir seey dosh dene kaa avsar liyaah "george washington dixon", joe abb boston jail key cormorant hain, aur poorv-prakaashak, poorv-sampaadak, poorv-dalal, poorv-melodist, aur see., kaafee out off tune haye."boston courier" ney dixon koo "ack aise gaayak key liye sabse dayaniya maafi" kahaa jisane kabhi bhee janata key kaana koo oob diyaa."
juuna key madhya mein aayojit mukadame mein, charitra gavaahon ney gawahi dee kii dixon "ack haanirahit, aakramak vyakti thaa, lekin vyaavsaayik kshamata kaa niradhar" thaa aur "iss sawal key jawab mein kii kyaa dixon" gair-sanyamit thaa ", main usey seema rekha parr maanata huun-kabhi ack taraf, aur kabhi-kabhi doosari taraf, jaise bhaagya kii havaa bahati haye."anta mein, usey doshi naheen paaya gayaa jaba abhiyojan paksh yeh santusht karane mein whiffle rhaa kii usey dastaavez koo jalsaji key roop mein pataa thaa. dixon ney baahar janata koo bhaashan dene kaa avsar liya. isake baad vaha munch parr laut aae aur julaai key anta mein kaafee $527.50 kamaaya.
dixon abhee bhee press kii nazaron mein doshi thaa, haalaanki, aur uska naam spasht karane key liye usake patron ney kewal cheejon koo badatar banaa diyaah
mister zip coon phir seey apani purani chaalon parr haye. ack patra likhane kii kshamata rakhane seey door, miss nancy-cole-black-rose dixon angreji bhasha key lagaatar duss shabd likhana shuru naheen curr sakata haye, aur uska saamana ethanian shahar mein "videsh mein school master" seey huaa hoga joe "chhah paathon mein kalambaji" sikhaata haye, aur vaha bhee haal hii mein aggar vaha apane naam parr hastakshar curr sakata haye.
1836 key anta taka, dixon boston chaley gaye they aur ack nayaa pepper, "bostonian; yaa, dixon kaa shaniwar raat express" shuru kiya thaa. pepper ney shramik varg key muddon, dhaarmik moolyon aur garbhpaat key virodh parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. yeh prasiddh bostaniyon key kathit anaitik mamalon koo ujagar karane mein "dainik sameeksha" key netritva kaa anusaran kartaa haye. ack kahani dou vyaktitvon key bhaagne kii haye. anya boston patron ney kahani koo galat kahaa, aur "boston herauld" ney dixon koo "ghunghrale" kaa label diyaa. dixon ney akhbar key sampaadak heinry aff koo chitrit karate hue vaapas golibari kii. harrington, ack bandar key roop mein.
1837 kii shuruat mein, dixon phir seey kanuni musibat mein parh gayaa. harrington ney dixon parr "morning post" seey kagaj kaa aadhaa reem churaane kaa aarop lagaaya, joe harrington key "herauld" key liye pramukh pratiyogita thee. nyayadhish ney antatah mamle koo khariz curr diyaa, iss baat parr sahmat hue kii pepper liya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh faisala sunaaya kii koee saboot dixon koo usa vyakti key roop mein ingit naheen kartaa haye jisane ise liya thaa. dixon ney mukadame key baad ack aur bhaashan diyaa, jisake baad 4 farwari koo ack munch karyakram huaa.
harrington mamle key anta key duss dinn baad, dixon parr julaai 1835 seey apane pichhale rinn seey sambandhit jamaanat baand parr jaali hastakshar karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. unhein lowell bheja gayaa aur jail bhej diyaa gayaa. press ney apane samanya utsaah key saath jawab diyaah "george ack mahaan stutigya rahey hain, samvidhaan key rakshak! lekin vaha apana bachaav naheen curr sakata."15 farwari koo unaki sunavaai mein, jamaanat 1000 dollar nirdhaarit kii gaee thee, joe usa samay key liye ack ansuni raashi thee. bhugtan karane mein asamarth, unhein massachusets key concard mein ack jail mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa.
dixon kaa 16 march kaa mukadama doshasiddhi mein samaapt huaa. 17 aprail koo massachusets sarvocch nyaayik adalat mein unaki appeal key parinamswarup ack trishanku juurii bunny, aur unake abhiyojakon ney unake khilaf aarop hataa diye. unhone abb taka apane trademark post-trial patey mein seey ack diyaa. boston post" ney likhaah "main sochane lagata huun kii melodist ack aakarshak jeevan dhaaran kartaa haye-aur jaisa kii aksar kahaa jaataa thaa kii puraane samay mein kiya jaataa thaa, usane varshon key ack nishchit karyakal key liye andhere key honey key saath ack sauda kiya haye, jisake dauran vaha kaanoon kii mahima aur apane dushmanon key krodh kii avahelana curr sakata haye."
isake baad ack aur munch daura huaa, jisamen lowell, nyu ingland aur maine mein sangeet karyakram hue. yeh ack spasht safalata thee, ack sameekshak ney kahaa kii dixon kii "ack aisee aavaaj thee joe" sabhi "koo ullekhaniya samriddhi aur compass key roop mein uchchaaran karane mein ekjut karati thee."usa girawat mein, unhone james salisbury key saath ack daure parr jaane kaa vichaar kiya hoga, joe ack ashwet sangeetkaar aur nartak they, joe boston key nichale varg key jilon jaise aine street mein jaane jaate they. isake bajaay, vaha 6 disambar koo uchch shreni key opera sailoon mein lokpriya opera seey chayan karate hue dikhaai diye. unaki prasiddhi (yaa kukhyaati) ney unhein disambar mein boston meyer daud key liye ummidwar key roop mein soochibaddh karane kaa kaam kiya. dixon ney nau vote jeete, bhale hii vaha nirvaachit hoe jaae, seva karane seey vinamra incar curr diyaa.
polyenthos".
dixon ney farwari 1838 key anta mein boston mein pradarshan kiya. usa vasant mein, vaha newyork shahar chaley gaye, jahan unhone "polyenthos aur fayer department album" naamak ack samachar patra key saath prakaashan vyavasaay mein phir seey pravesh kiya. dixon ney phir seey nichale varg kaa samarthan kiya aur ameeron key ghatiya mamalon koo ujagar karane kaa lakshya rakhaa, vishesh roop seey una logon key joe nichale varg kii mahilaaon kaa shikaar karate they.
ack praarambhik "polyenthos" ney aarop lagaaya kii bowery theatre key prabandhak thomas hamblin, vahaan ack kishore-ayu varg key kalakar misauri key saath ack sambandh mein lipt they. prakaashan key duss dinon key bheetar, misauri mrit hoe gaee, kathit taur parr "misauri kii maan key hinsak durachar key kaaran mastishk kii soojan aur" dha polyenthos "mein ack apmaanjanak lekh key prakaashan seey maare gaee."28 julaai koo, hamblin ney dixon koo pakad liya. agast mein ack aur hamale ney dixon koo pistaul leey jaane key liye prerit kiya. binaa kissy darr key, dixon ney hamblin aur anya parr "polyenthos" mein apane hamale jaari rakhe. unhone ack aur kathit sambandh kaa khulasa kiya, yeh roland aar naamak ack vyaapaari key beach kaa mamla thaa. mintern aur james aich naamak ack jahaaj nirmaata kii patni. room. prakaashan key baarah dinn baad, room ney khud koo maar daala.
ack anya lekh mein aarop lagaaya gayaa haye kii francis ell. baaz, ack episcopian rector aur sent mein sammaanit. newyork kaa thomas church avaidh yaun vyavhaar mein lipt thaa. 31 disambar koo, dixon koo adalat mein manhani kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. dixon ney ack saptah jail mein bitaaya, phir $2000 kii jamaanat kaa bhugtan kiya. haalaanki, isase pahale kii vaha jail house seey baahar nickle sakey, unhein roland mintern key bhaaiyon dwara lagaae gaye aarop key liye giraftar kiya gayaa thaa kii dixon key lekh key parinamswarup usa vyakti kii maut hoe gaee thee.
jamaanat koo badhaakar 9000 dollar curr diyaa gayaa, joe ack badee raashi thee, jiska dixon ney virodh kiya. abhiyojan paksh ney tark diyaa kii "aaropi" sabse kaale rung kaa aparaadhi haye ", aur usake kukhyaat prakaashan dwara naitik roop seey teen hatyaon kaa doshi haye, aur mujhe ummeed haye kii adalat jamaanat kii raashi koo ack gunaa cumm naheen karegi!"aisaa naheen huaa. phir bhee, adline miller naamak ack kukhyaat newyork maidam ney iska bhugtan kiya, aur dixon mukt hoe gayaa. lekin kewal ack maheene baad, usane agyaat karanon seey dixon koo vaapas jail bhej diyaa thaa. saat mamalon (baazon seey chaar aur mintern seey teen) kaa saamana karate hue, gaayak aur sampaadak dou maheene taka jail mein rahey, jabaki way mukadame kaa intezar curr rahey they.
15 aprail, 1839 koo mintern kaa mamla sabse pahale aaya. teen dinon key baad, juurii ack faisale taka pahunchane mein asamarth hoe gaee, aur mintern bhaaiyon ney aaropon koo hataa diyaa. dixon jail laut aaya, lekin baazon ney apane aaropon koo chaar seey ghataakar teen curr diyaa. nyayadhish ney 20 aprail koo jamaanat koo ghataakar 900 dollar curr diyaa aur dixon mukt hoe gayaa.
press ney una parr apane hamalon koo phir seey shuru kiyaah
joe loga iss moorkh bhatakane vaale key vaastavik charitra aur vyaktigat itihas koo jaanate hain, unake liye krodh kaa utsaah, jisake saath unakaa peechha kiya jaataa haye, vaastav mein hasyaspad prateet hotaa haye. kii vaha ghrinit haye, ack upadrav haye, aur ack boor haye, humm jaanate hain-aur ack makadi bhee haye. haalaanki, koee bhee topkhaane key park seey baad key keat koo bujhaane kaa sapana naheen dekhega; haalaanki poore shahar koo lagata haye kii george washington dixon koo cumm seey cumm jeet liya jaa sakata haye. usaki sachchai yeh haye kii vaha ack sabse nirvivaad moorkh haye aur kissy bhee vyakti kaa dweshpurna tareeke seey peechha karane key liye, vaha kissy bhee bhavna koo vaastavik yaa kaalpanik chot kii sarahana kii aavashyakta key liye saksham naheen haye. aggar usey seedhiyon seey neeche laath maaree jaati, tou vaha taba taka taya naheen curr sakata thaa, jaba taka kii kissy aur dwara naheen bataaya jaataa kii kyaa laat durghatana kaa parinam thee yaa design, aur kyaa design, kyaa yeh ack prashansa yaa upman key roop mein thaa.
dixon ney apana aur apane uddeshyon kaa bachaav karke "polyenthos" mein ladaai ladee, aur kuchh hudd taka, vaha safal huaa prateet hotaa haye. ack key liye "herauld" ney sweekaar kiya kii usake mukadame ney uchch varg key ack apriya pahalu koo ujagar curr diyaa thaa. phir bhee, 10 maee koo, dixon ney ack ginati key sambandh mein apani yachika koo doshi karaar diyaa, aur agale dinn anya dou key liye bhee aisaa hii kiya. blackwell dweep parr newyork raajya kii jail mein unhein chhah maheene kii kadee mehnat kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. dixon ney kathit taur parr jawab diyaa, "yeh ack sampaadak key liye ack achchi sthiti haye."baad mein vaha daavaa karega kii baazon ney usaki yachika koo badalane key liye usey 1000 dollar kaa bhugtan kiya thaa.
press ney apane samanya utsaah key saath pratikriya vyakt keeh
dixon ack mulatto haye, aur kaee saal pahale, iss shahar mein, seep ghar mein seep kholane aur gaadiyon mein gole khaali karane key liye kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, isase pahale kii unhein leey jaaya jaae. vaha ack aviveki badmash haye, harr cheej kii akanksha rakhta haye, aur kissy bhee shareer kaa moorkh banane key liye upayukt thaa. kissy ney ack samachar patra key prakaashak key roop mein apane naam kaa upayog kiya (jaise kii vaha khud koo bulaata thaa, kyonki nigro key paas, sahee seey, koee upnaam naheen haye), jisamen harr shareer koo lagbhag, badnam kiya gayaa thaa. abb vaha pinjare mein bund haye, aur humm ummeed curr sakate hain kii jaba vaha jail seey baahar aayega, tou seep kholane key liye jaayega, yaa usaki aadton aur rung key liye upayukt koee anya rojgar karega.
dixon ney apani sajaa poori kii aur phir newyork laut aae. unhone anaitikta koo ujagar karane mein ruchi rakhane vaale samaan vichardhara vaale sampadakon key cadder key netaa key roop mein ubharate hue "polyenthos" koo phir seey shuru kiya. dixon ney abb apane prayason koo austriyai nartaki fanny elsler parr kendrit kiya, jiss parr unhone yaun durachar kaa aarop lagaaya thaa. 21 agast, 1840 koo, unhone unake khilaf ack danga karane key liye itna door chalaa gayaa aur phir "polyenthos" mein bhadkaau bhaashan prakaashit kiya. isake baad unhone una purushon koo nishana banaaya jinhone yuva, kamkaji varg kii mahilaaon koo bahakaaya, boarders jinhone apane jamindaaron koo dhokha diyaa, nishkriya baink, aur tathaakathit british agent joe americi bhaartiyon aur kaale daason key beach americi virodhi bhavna koo bhadka rahey they. dixon ney "harr aakar mein burai aur moorkhata key khilaf ack batting-raam" honey kaa daavaa kiya, likhate hueh
"polyenthos" marr naheen sakate. nyaay kii suraksha parr najar rakhane vaalaa aur dushton kii chaalon koo haraane vaalaa sanrakshan usey khilaata haye... humm bhavishyavani karate hain kii sabse cumm umr key samachar-premi kaa navintam vanshaj apane shrotaon koo dixon kii irshyaspad prasiddhi kaa anukaran karane kii ichcha key saath jeevant karega! hamara naam unnisvin shatabdi key sabse swatantra purushon mein seey ack key roop mein samay key anta taka saunpa jaayega! hamari "bahut topi" ack avashesh bunn jaayegi.
16 farwari, 1841 koo, dixon ney newyork key ack garbhpaatvaadi key khilaf dharmayuddh shuru kiya, jise maidam restell key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye. unhone harr hafte ack anty-restell sampadakiya koo phir seey chhaapane kii kasam khaai jaba taka kii adhikaariyon ney notice naheen liya yaa phir seey garbhpaat sevaaon key liye samachar patra vigyaapan chalaana bund naheen curr diyaa. garbhpaat key liye, dixon ney daavaa kiya kii yeh prajanan koo rokkar vivaah koo vikrit kartaa haye aur mahila bevafai koo protsaahit kartaa haye.
dixon ney apana vachan rakhaa, baad mein ack khopadi aur crossbones prateek koo leey jaane vaale restell key lakadi key tukadon key saath sampadakiya koo chitrit kiya. jaba 17 march koo "newyork courier" ney newyork grand juurii koo uddhrit karate hue kahaa, "humm imandari seey prarthana karate hain kii aggar koee kaanoon naheen haye joe iss [medam retail] taka pahunche, jise humm ack" saarvajanik upadrav "key roop mein prastut karate hain, tou adalat iss tarah key kaanoon key paarit honey key liye upaay karegi", dixon ney 20 march koo sheershak key saath jawab diyaa "anta mein pakada gayaa retail!"22 march koo, aine lohmann, joe kii punarnirmit naam key peechhe pati-patni kii team kaa hissa thaa, koo giraftar curr liya gayaa. dixon ney pushti kaa daavaa kiya aur "polyenthos" key kaee muddon parr mukadame koo cover kiya. 20 julaai koo usey doshi thaharaae jaane key baad, usane likhaa, "maanav aakar mein rakshas... haye... isai desh mein kiye gaye sabse narak krityon mein seey ack key liye doshi thaharaaya gayaa!"
12 sitambar koo, sadak parr ack aadami ney ack kulhadi seey sir mein dixon maaraa, jisase kuchh sakaratmak press dixon ney kabhi anand liya joe unake gaayan seey sambandhit naheen thaa. ankal saim" ney unake sampadan aur lekhan kii prashansa keeh "punya key shaheed hoe jaao, aage badho aur samriddh hoe jaao! atirikt cheezen nikaalate rahein, aur vivaah sanstha kii pavitrata kaa bachaav karate rahein. dwesh, virodh, agni pareekshan, utpeedan aur hatyaon key madhyam seey aage badhein-bhaavi peedhi aapako nyaay degi... !"
sakaratmak press key saath bhee, adalaton key saath dixon kii pareshaaniyan samaapt naheen hui theen. 16 sitambar key aspas, usane kathit taur parr peater dee parr hamla kiya. aupchaarik, joe una bilon koo neeche leey jaa rhaa thaa joe dixon ney post kiye they. dixon apani octuber kii adalat kii tarikh key liye pesh honey mein whiffle rahey, aur unhone baad kii taarikhon koo 1 aur 11 navambar koo chhod diyaa. 19 navambar koo, unhein phir seey peele patrakaarita seey ladane key liye jilaa vakeel dwara shahar bhar mein abhiyaan key hisse key roop mein ashlilata key liye giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. 13 janwari, 1842 koo dixon koo "anupasthiti mein" aaropon key liye abhiyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 13 aprail koo unaki giraftari key liye ack warrant jaari kiya gayaa thaa. iss samay taka, unhone "polyenthos" koo leeh koo saunp diyaa thaa, aur antatah aarop hataa diye gaye they.
1841 key anta mein, dixon ack sahakarmi key saath ack aur pankti mein aaa gayaa thaa. villium joseph snelling ney unake khilaf warrant praapt kiya, aur dixon ney jawabi kaarravaai kii. snelling ney "flashes" mein gumnam roop seey likhaah
humm usey ack lalchi, neech, beiman, puraane key liye jaanate hain... humm jaanate hain kii purushon kaa nyaay unaki company dwara kiya jaataa haye aur hamein dixon key saath kuchh bhee karane key liye doshi thaharaaya jaayega. aisaa hii hoe.- humm fatkaar key laayak hain, hamane apani moorkhata key liye peedaa jheli haye aur, aggar yeh paryaapt naheen haye, tou humm taat aur raakh mein baithane key liye santusht hain; moorkhon kaa millen poshak joe ack vyakti parr itna neech vishvaas karate hain kii angreji bhasha apani bejodta koo vyakt naheen curr sakati haye.
usa samay yaun naitikta koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, dixon aur unake sahyogiyon ney kabhi-kabhi swachchata, mitrata aur anya karakon key liye bordello kii jaanch kii. soonghana isase aakarshit huaa, dixon koo sangathit veshyavritti seey jodate hue aur aarop lagaaya kii uska sambandh julia braun naam kii ack maidam seey thaa. antatah, george bee naam kaa ack aur sampaadak. true flashes" key kuchh muddon key liye wooldridge dixon key saath juda gayaa, lekin way achchi tarah seey naheen bick paae. iss samay afavaahen failin kii dixon shaadi karane vaalaa thaa, lekin sootra mangetar kii pehchaan parr asahmat they; ack ney kahaa kii vaha ack congressi kii betty thee, doosara kii vaha ack maidam thee. flashes" ney ack kahani prakaashit kii kii braun aur fobe dotty naamak ack veshya koo melodist parr ladate hue dekhaa gayaa thaa. yadi dixon ney shaadi kii thee, tou iska koee record naheen haye.
baad mein currier.
1842 mein shuru karate hue, dixon ney kaee nae vyavsaayon koo apanaaya, jisamen pashu chumbak aur aadhyatmik visheshagya shamil they joe doordarshita mein visheshagyata rakhate they. saarvajanik pratiyogitaon aur sahansheelata key karnamon key liye ack sanak ney unake liye janata kii nazaron mein apana naam rakhane key liye ack aur vaahan key roop mein kaam kiya; vaha ack "paidal yatri", ack lambi doori key khel walker bunn gaye. inn pratiyogitaon mein ack blackface gaayak aur nartak dixon kii bhagidari ney agale kuchh varshon mein master juba aur johnn diamond jaise kalakaron key chunauti nrityon kii adhyakshata kii.
farwari mein, unhone binaa ruke 48 ghante chalkar 4,000 dollar jeetane key liye pratispardha kii. jaba puraskar praapt karane mein whiffle rhaa, tou dixon ney usey dekhane key liye pravesh liya. usa maheene key anta mein, dixon ney 50 ghante chalkar iss record koo todane kii koshish kii. unakaa prachaar hamesha kii tarah kharaab thaa. "bhaai jonathan" ney yeh salah deeh "harr samay ack disha mein chalein, compass key iss hisse seey, samudra taka usey oopar leey jaataa haye, aur phir dekhein kii vaha kitni door tair sakata haye."vaha usa garmi mein 60 ghante taka richmond mein chaley, phir washington mein paanch ghante aur 35 minut mein chaley.see. dixon ney sahansheelata key kaee anya karnamon kii koshish kii. udaaharan key liye, agast key anta mein, vaha teen dinn aur dou raaton taka binaa neend key ack takhte parr khadaa rhaa. sitambar mein, unhone 15 phut lambe (paanch meater) munch parr 76 ghante kii gati kii.
iss beach, unhone apane gaayan currier koo naheen chhoda. 1843 kii shuruat mein, dixon (jise abb "paidal yatri aur melodist" kahaa jaataa haye) cumm seey cumm ack baar phir bowery theatre mein dikhaai diyaa, aur unhone richard pelham aur billy whitelock key saath bilon parr khela. 29 janwari koo unhone danne amet key liye ack laabh parr pradarshan kiya. yeye sangeet karyakram unake antim honge.
athletics aur manoranjan mein inn bhramnon key bavjood, dixon abhee bhee khud koo ack sampaadak maanate they. unhone march taka "dixon regulator" naamak ack nayaa pepper shuru kiya, aur unhone newyork mein apane saarvajanik dharmayuddh kaa navinikaran kiya. 22 farwari, 1846 koo unhone shahar key chaaron or ack sabhaa kaa prachaar karate hue medam restell dwara aage kii gatividhiyon key virodh mein ack hastakshar patra post kiya. agale dinn raili mein, kaee sou logon ney garbhpaat karaane vaale key khilaf dixon kii baat sunee, apane padosiyon seey usey bedkhal karane kii maang karane yaa mamle koo apane haathon mein lene kaa ahwan kiya. bheed phir dhamki dene key liye teen block door usake awas parr chully gaee lekin antatah titar-bitar hoe gaee. restell ney "newyork tribune" aur "newyork herauld" koo ack patra key saath jawab diyaa jisamen aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa kii dixon apane andolan koo samaapt karane key badale mein usase paise vasoolane kii koshish curr rhaa thaah
baar-baar mujhe unake dooton dwara paise key liye aavedan kiya gayaa haye, aur aksar unhein aswikar curr diyaa gayaa haye; aur, isake parinamswarup, mujhe binaa kissy karyakal yaa upaay key badnam aur durvyavahar kiya gayaa haye, jisaki mujhe ummeed thee, aur donon mein seey, unaki prashansa karna pasand karenge.
maxican-americi yuddh key dauran, dixon ney "jip coon" key kuchh samay parr raajneetik sandarbh jode aur kuchh samay key liye janata kii nazaron mein laut aae. aisaa lagata haye kii ack aur dharmayuddh ney 1847 mein newyork seey door dixon koo kheencha thaa. vaha shayed pahale kattarpanthi ganarajyiyon mein seey ack thaa jisane sanyukt raajya key liye adhik kshetra koo jodane key liye yucatan mein ack philibuster key roop mein khud koo shamil kiya thaa.
dixon 1848 seey kuchh samay pahale nyu orleans, louisiana mein sevaanivritt hue they. ack shahar kii nirdeshika "saahityik tambu" key roop mein apana sambodhan detee haye, aur "batton rooj delly rajpatra aur dhumketu" mein unake shoke sandesh mein kahaa gayaa haye kii raat aur dinn mein, poidras bajar samaaj parr iss chhoot kaa ghar thaa... general' key binaa aise dost naheen they jinhone unhein ack visham 'paanch' kaa yogdan diyaa jaba vaha ghoomane key liye bahut kamjor thaa."way 1860 key madhya mein kabhi fuffusiya tapedik seey peedit hoe gaye. 27 farwari, 1861 koo, unhone nyu orleans charity aspatal mein jaanch kii, jisamen unhone" "sampaadak" "key roop mein apane vyavasaay koo nott kiya. 2 march koo dixon kii mrityu hoe gaee.