
basilica julia

basilica julia () ack aisee sanrachana thee joe kabhi roman munch mein khadee thee. yeh ack badee, alankrit, saarvajanik imarat thee jiska upayog roman samrajya key dauran baithakon aur anya aadhikarik vyavasaay key liye kiya jaataa thaa. isake khandharon kii khudai kii gaee haye. isaki shaastriya avadhi seey joe bachaa haye, vaha jyaadaatar neenv, farsh, kuchh mehraabon key saath ack chhoti see peechhe kii deewaar haye joe mool imarat aur baad mein shaahi punarnirmaan donon kaa hissa haye aur isake pahale bhawan charan seey ack stambh haye.
basilica julia kaa nirmaan basilica emilia key saamane munch key dakshin kii or pahale key basilica cempronia (170 eesaa poorv) key sthal parr kiya gayaa thaa. ise shuru mein 46 eesaa poorv mein julius seasure dwara samarpit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen gallic yuddh kii loot seey bhugtan kii gaee nirmaan laagat thee, aur augustus dwara puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone apane dattak pitaa key naam parr imarat kaa naam rakhaa thaa. 283 esvi mein aag lagane key baad samrat diocletian dwara basilica key punarnirmaan key liye khudai kii gaee khandharon ney pahale kii sanrachana koo nasht curr diyaa.
itihas aur upayog.
pracheen rome.
basilica julia kaa pahala punaravritti 54 eesaa poorv key aspas julius seasure dwara shuru kiya gayaa thaa, halanki nirmaan puuraa karane aur apane dattak pitaa key sammaan mein iska naam rakhane key liye yeh unake uttaradhikari augustus parr chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. basilica kaa nirmaan dou mahatvapurna ganarajya sanrachanaon key avasheshon parr kiya gayaa thaah basilica cempronia, jise seasure dwara nae basilica key liye raasta banaane key liye dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur donon, rome key mahaan senapati sipiyo africanus kaa ghar. basilica cempronia kaa nirmaan 169 eesaa poorv mein tiberius sampronius gracus dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur jagah banaane key liye africanus key ghar aur kaee dukaanon koo dhwast karane kii aavashyakta thee.
puuraa honey key turant baad, 9 esvi mein pahali basilica julia koo jalaa diyaa gayaa, lekin 12 esvi mein ise punarnirmit, vistaarit aur augustus key dattak putron gayas aur lucius koo phir seey samarpit kiya gayaa. basilica koo 199 esvi mein septimius saverus dwara aag lagane key baad bahaal kiya gayaa thaa, aur baad mein 283 esvi mein ack aur aag lagane key baad samrat diocletian dwara iska punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa.
basilica apane chhote kinaaron parr dou mahatvapurna pracheen sadakon seey ghiraa huaa haye joe tiber seey munch taka jaati hainh paschim mein vicus jugerius aur poorv mein vicus tuscus. bhootal koo ander paanch poorv-paschim galiyaron mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen kendriya galiyara ack badaa holl banaata thaa joe 82x18 meater maapa gayaa thaa, jise teen manjila oonchi chhat dwara aashray diyaa gayaa thaa. kendriya holl key uttar aur dakshin mein nikatvarti galiyaron koo sangamarmar key chehare vaale eent stambhon dwara vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa joe concreet key chapon kaa samarthan karate they; stambhon ney badale mein basilica key oopari star kaa samarthan kiya, jiska upayog ack saarvajanik gallery key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. kendriya holl kaa farsh rangeen polychrome sangamarmar key slab mein pakka kiya gayaa thaa, joe buggle key galiyaron key saade safed sangamarmar key vipareet thaa. basilica kaa agrabhag jaisa kii agastan bahaali key baad dikhaai diyaa, dou manjila oonchaa aur arcade thaa, jisamen donon staron parr mehraabon key beach key ghaaton koo sajaane vaale lagey hue karara sangamarmar key stambh they.
basilica mein sivil low court aur taberney (dukaanen) they, aur sarkari karyalayon aur banking key liye jagah pradaan kii gaee thee. pahali shatabdi mein, iska upayog shatabdi ("sou kaa darbar") key satron key liye bhee kiya jaataa thaa, joe viraasat key mamalon kii adhyakshata karate they. apane patron mein, pliny dha young ney iss drishya kaa varnan karate hue kahaa kii usane ack senate kii mahila key liye vinati kii, jisake 80 varsheeya pitaa ney ack naee patni lene key duss dinn baad usey viraasat seey hataa diyaa thaa. suetonius kaa kahana haye kii kaligula ney basilica julia kii chhat parr khade hocker neeche key munch parr bheed parr paise barasaane kaa bahut anand liya.
yeh roman logon kii pasandida sabhaa sthal thee. iss basilica mein saarvajanik sabhaa sthal aur dukaanen theen, lekin iska upayog mukhya roop seey ack kaanoon adalat key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. portico key footpath parr, safed sangamarmar mein kharonch kiye gaye khelon key chitra hain. ack patthar, curia kaa saamana karane vaale paksh key oopari star parr, aathh varg grid key saath chihnit kiya gayaa haye jiss parr shatranj yaa checker key samaan khel khele jaa sakate they. basilica julia kii antim darj kii gaee bahaali 416 esvi mein shahari prefect gabinius vatius probianus dwara kii gaee thee, jinhone moortikaar polyclitos aur timarcus dwara kaee yunani moortiyon koo agrabhag key kendra key paas pradarshan key liye sthanantarit kiya thaa. inn moortiyon key utkeern aadhar joe punarsthapana koo darj karate hain, abhee bhee jeevit hain.
pracheen kaal aur madhyayugeen yug key anta mein.
basilica julia koo aanshik roop seey 410 esvi mein nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa jaba visigoth ney rome koo nasht curr diyaa thaa aur sadiyon seey yeh sthal dheere-dheere barbad hoe gayaa thaa. sangamarmar madhyayugeen aur praarambhik aadhunik yugon mein choone mein jalaane key liye vishesh roop seey moolyavaan thaa, joe ack samagri thee jiska upayog mortar banaane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. praarambhik khudai mein paae gaye bhatton key avasheshon ney pushti kii kii imarat key adhikansh ghatak iss tarah seey nasht hoe gaye they.
basilica key avasheshon key hisse koo ack church mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jise aam taur parr "saanta maria dee canpara" key roop mein pahachaana jaataa haye, jiska ullekh 12veen seey 15veen shatabdi key catalog mein kiya gayaa haye. basilica key anya hisson koo madhyayugeen kaal mein vibhinn vyaparon key upayog key liye alag kiya gayaa thaa. sangamarmar key shramikon, yaa "marmorari", ney 11veen shatabdi mein church dwara kabja naheen kiye gaye shesh sthaan kaa adhikansh hissa sangamarmar key vaastushilp aabhushanon koo phir seey banaane aur bechane key liye leey liya; purvi galiyare parr russie banaane vaalon kaa kabja thaa aur isake parinamswarup ise "canaperia" kahaa jaataa thaa. 16veen shatabdi mein, basilica key lambe samay taka dafan sthal kaa upayog nikatvarti "auspedel della consologion" key rogiyon key liye ack kabristan key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa.
iss imarat mein abb kewal ack aaytaakaar kshetra haye, joe samtal haye aur jameen key star seey lagbhag ack meater oopar haye, jisake kshetra mein patthar key tukade padey hain. sangamarmar kii seedhiyon kii ack pankti basilica key kinare seey poori lambai taka chalati haye, aur basilica key anta mein arandi aur parag key mandir kaa saamana karate hue seedhiyon kii ack lambi udaan (yahaan jameen neeche honey key kaaran) seey bhee pahunch haye.
puraatatva aur utkhanan.
15veen aur 16veen shatabdi key anta mein basilica julia kii sabse purani khudai vinashkari thee, unakaa mukhya uddeshya punah upayog key liye moolyavaan travertin aur sangamarmar koo punarpraapt karna thaa. 1496 mein, cardinal adriano castellacy key roman mahal, palazzo torlonia key agrabhag kaa nirmaan karane key liye khandharon seey travertin kaa khanan kiya gayaa thaa. 1500, 1511-12 aur 1514 mein khudai bhee hui thee, saath hii 1742 mein ack vinashkari khudai mein basilica key neeche chalane vaale clock maxima key hisse kaa pataa chalaa thaa. iss prakriya mein farsh koo dhakane vaale gialo antico peele sangamarmar koo utaar diyaa gayaa aur ack patthar kaatane vaale koo betch diyaa gayaa.
chevlier fredenheim ney navambar, 1788 aur march, 1789 key beach khudai bhee kii; fredenheim ney shesh rangeen sangamarmar key footpath koo dhwast curr diyaa aur kaee vaastushilp tukadon koo hataa diyaa. iss sthal kii khudai 1850 mein pietro rossa dwara kii gaee thee, jinhone ack sangamarmar stambh aur travertin aadhar kaa punarnirmaan kiya thaa. 1852 mein stucowork coffering key saath concreet walting key khandon kaa pataa chalaa thaa lekin baad mein 1872 mein nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa.