
arajakta

arajakta ack sthaaniya kshetra network praudyogiki haye. ise pahali baar 1975 mein thomas night aur jack holoye dwara mitt kii aaee laib mein vikasit kiya gayaa thaa aur usake baad. yeh dou alag-alag, lekin nikatata seey sambandhit, praudyogikiyon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. computer sanchaar paiket-adharit protocol kaa ack sett adhik vyaapak thaa jiska uddeshya tatkalin vikasit aur bahut lokpriya (aim. aaee. tii. key bheetar) lisp machines koo jodana thaa; doosara praarambhik sthaaniya kshetra network (ell. aeye. aine.) hardware karyanvayanon mein seey ack thaa.
mool.
arajakta protocol mool roop seey praarambhik zerox park ethernet, praarambhik arpenet aur sancharan niyantran protocol (tcp) parr model kiye gaye catvi samakshiya cable parr ack karyanvayan kaa upayog kartaa thaa. yeh ack vivaad-adharit pranali thee jiska uddeshya ack seema parr kaam karna thaa, jisamen takkar koo cumm karane key uddeshya seey ack chhadm-slot suvidha shamil thee, joe mezban seey mezban taka anumati kaa ack aabhaasi tokan paarit karke kaam karati thee; safal paiket prasaran pratyek mezban key gyaan koo adyatan kartaa thaa kii usa samay kiss mezban key paas tokan thaa. takkaron key kaaran mezban seey doori key aadhar parr ack mezban ack avadhi key liye chup hoe jaataa haye jisase vaha takra jaataa haye. takkar kabhi bhee ack vaastavik samasya naheen thee, aur chhadm-slotting upayog mein naheen aaee.
arajakta key network topology aamtaur parr raikhik (golakar naheen) kebalon kii shrinkhala thee, pratyek adhikatam ack kilometres aur lagbhag 12 client taka. alag-alag khand "pulon" (bahut adhik arpenet mould mein) dwara aapas mein judey hue they, aam taur parr dou network interfaces key saath pdp-11 jaise puraane computer.
protocol koo baad mein ack payload key roop mein bhee lagu kiya gayaa thaa jise ethernet (aamtaur parr baad kii kism) parr leey jaaya jaa sakata thaa. arajakta vishesh roop seey laine key liye thee; saralata key liye vaine kaa samarthan karane key liye suvidhaon koo chhod diyaa gayaa thaa.
arajakta koo park dwara aavishkaar kiye gaye pilla protocol aur internet protocol (aaee. pee.) donon key samkaaleen key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye, aur ise domen naam pranali mein anya network vargon ("inn" aur "aich. aiss." key alawa) mein seey ack key roop mein maanyata dee gaee thee. ack chala rahey dee. aine. aiss. server key baare mein jaankaari praapt karane key liye "arajakta varg" mein ack antarnihit chhadm-sheersh-star-domen kaa upayog kartaa haye.
arajakta protocol.
arajakta protocol 16-bitt paton dwara mejbaanon kii pehchaan kartaa haye, jinamen seey 8 bits upnet kii pehchaan karate hain, jinamen seey 8 bits upnet key bheetar mezban kii pehchaan karate hain. buniyaadi protocol dou upayogkarta prakriyaon key beach ack poorna-duplexes vishvasaniya paiket sancharan thaa. paiket kii samagri koo 8 yaa 16 bits key bites key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye, uchch-stariya protocol dwara pradaan kiye gaye anya shabd aakaron key liye samarthan key saath. pratyek mezban key 16-bitt paton aur pratyek mezban dwara vishishtata banaae rakhane key liye nirdhaarit 16-bitt "connection soochkaank" key sanyojan dwara connection kii pehchaan kii gaee thee. "ack connection key bheetar "niyantrit" packets kii pehchaan ack 16-bitt paiket sankhya dwara kii gaee thee, jiska upayog niyantrit packets koo vishvasaniya roop seey aur crum mein, punah sancharan aur pravaah niyantran key saath vitarit karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. "aniyantrit" packets koo punah prasaarit naheen kiya gayaa thaa, aur pravaah-niyantran aur punah prasaran kaa samarthan karane key liye nichale star parr upayog kiya gayaa thaa. arajakta ney kaee upneton key liye "bee. aar. dee" prasaran packets kaa bhee samarthan kiya.
sampark kii praarambhik sthaapana "sampark naamon" kaa upayog karke kii gaee thee."inn naamon ney network seva aur uchch-stariya protocol kii pehchaan kii. udaaharan key liye, "sthiti" sampark naam thaa jisane ack mezban seey buniyaadi network aankadon kaa anurodh kiya thaa. "telnet" arpanet telnet protocol key liye ack sampark naam thaa. "file" lisp machine network file seva key liye ack sampark naam thaa. anya sampark naamon mein "supudup", "mell", "arpanet finger protocol key liye naam", "samay", interactive messaging key liye "bhejen", arpanet key liye getway seva key liye "arpa" shamil they. "dover" ack zerox dover printer (ack praarambhik lazer printer) key saath arajakta host koo print jobbs bhejane key liye sampark naam thaa. developers nae sampark naamon kaa aavishkaar karke nae protocol key saath aasaani seey prayog curr sakate hain. isake antargat, usa protocol key liye ack nayaa server, sthaan dsk: upkaran mein prograam key liye ack link banaakar sthaapit kiya jaa sakata haye; arajakta <cname> jahan <cname> sampark naam key chhah aksharon taka thaa.
saral lenden koo ack ekal "aar. aff. see" paiket dwara puuraa kiya jaa sakata haye jisamen ack sampark naam hotaa haye, jiska jawab praasangik jaankaari key saath ack ekal "aeye. aine. aiss" paiket dwara diyaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, "samay" naam seey sampark karane key liye ack aar. aff. see. key parinamswarup ack ekal aeye. aine. aiss. paiket hoga jisamen samay kaa sanket dene vaali ack 32-bitt sankhya hogi.
mool gnu ghoshanapatra mein ullekh kiya gayaa haye kii iska uddeshya, anya cheejon key alawa, arajakta protocol kaa samarthan karna haye.
lisp machines key nirmaata, symbolics ney cadder computer design seey mite arajakta hardware aur software karyanvayan kaa licenses diyaa.