
manuela porto

manuela porto (24 aprail 1908-7 julaai 1950) ack purtagaali abhineta, lekhak, patrakaar, rangmanch aalochak aur anuvaadak key saath-saath mahila adhikaaron key liye ack pramukh prachaarak aur purtagaal mein "estado novo" tanashahi kii virodhi theen. ack anuvaadak key roop mein unhone purtagaali pathakon key liye pahale seey anuvaadit mahila lekhakon koo pesh kiya, jinamen luisa meey alcott, annie bronte, elizabeth gaskell aur virginia woolf shamil hain. unhein purtagaali kavi, fernando pesoa key kaam koo lokpriya banaane kaa shreya bhee diyaa jaataa haye. 
praarambhik jeevan.
manuela porto kaa janm 24 aprail 1908 koo purtagaali rajdhani lisban mein huaa thaa, jahan unhone apana puuraa jeevan bitaaya thaa. unake pitaa seasure porto, ack republican, patrakaar, lekhak, natakkar, nibandhkar, anuvaadak aur shikshak they. vaha escola officina nam. key pracharya they. 1, lisban mein sthit ack school, jisane 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, shikshan key liye ack alag drishtikon kaa paalan kiya, jiska uddeshya chhatron kii bahu-vishayak taiyari aur unaki aalochanatmak bhavna kaa vikas karna thaa. unaki betty iss school mein padhati thee. unake pitaa ney "ejukeshanko soshal" patrika kii sthaapana aur sampadan bhee kiya, joe unake school mein prachalit shiksha key prakaar koo badhaava detee thee.
abhinay currier.
porto kaa rangmanch key prati pahala anubhav araujo perera dwara sanchaalit ack theatre school (escola-teatro) mein unake pitaa key sahyog seey huaa thaa. 1931 mein unhone araujo pereira key bete, roberto dee araujo pereira (1908-1969) seey ack nagrik registry mein shaadi kii. vaha ack kalakar they, jinhone unaki tarah church dwara bapatisma naheen liya thaa. vivaah samjhaute mein "parisampattiyon key poorna, poorna aur poorna vibhajan" kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa, joe usa samay ack kattarpanthi avadharana thee. porto ney navambar 1924 mein gaston dever dwara "dha cysters" mein "escola-teatro" key saath apane abhinay currier kii shuruat kii, joe kewal mahila bhoomikaon vaalaa ack naatak thaa. peshevar rangmanch mein unakaa pahala pradarshan navambar 1926 mein carlos arniches dwara "aeye petiza doo gaato" mein ack nana kii bhoomika mein ray colaco-robbles montero theatre company key sadasya key roop mein thaa. 
kaee aur pradarshanon key baad, koee bhee pramukh bhoomika mein naheen, porto ney rashtriya rangmanch sanrakshanalaya mein pravesh karane kaa faisala kiya. 1931 mein snaatak honey key baad, sheersh ankon aur ack puraskar key saath, vaha "beiman vyapariyon aur agyaani kalakaron" kii shikayat karate hue rangmanch seey hatane seey pahale "grande company dramatic portuguesa" (mahaan purtagaali naatakiya company) dwara prastut dou natakon mein theen. 1932 aur 1941 key beach unaki gatividhiyon key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haih aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii unhone mukhya roop seey kavita gaayan karane key liye khud koo samarpit curr diyaa. vaha villium shekspeare dwara "aeye midsummer nights dream" mein hermia kii bhoomika nibhaane key liye kewal ack show key liye munch parr vaapas aaeen. yeh sambhavana haye kii yeh vaapsee amelia ray colaco key anurodh key jawab mein thee. sambhavatah, usa naatak mein pradarshan karane kaa avsar aur yeh tathya kii yeh baahar pradarshan kiya gayaa thaa, naa kii theatre kii damankari seemaon mein, ney bhee unake nirnay mein yogdan diyaa.
sarkaar kaa virodh.
iss nae daur" seey nakhush, kaee kalakaron ney shasson key khilaf sakriya rukh apanaaya, vipakshi sangathanon mein shamil hoe gaye aur tanashahi dwara kiye gaye upaayon key khilaf virodh pradarshanon parr hastakshar kiye. manuela porto rashtriya faasivaad virodhi ekataa () key andolan mein shamil hoe gaee, ack sangathan jise 1943 mein banaaya gayaa thaa lekin kabhi bhee vaidh naheen kiya gayaa thaa. 1945 mein vaha loktaantrik ekataa key andolan () mein shamil hoe gaeen, joe loktaantrik sangathanon kaa ack ardh-kanuni munch thaa jise 1948 mein pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, isase pahale kii kaee sadasyon koo giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. porto sejad, loktaantrik lekhakon, patrakaron aur kalakaron key aayog ("comiso dee ascretores, journalists ee artistes democraticos") aur purtagaali mahila shaanti sangathan ("associacao feminina portugesa paaraa aeye paaz") key sadasya bhee they. vaha mahila rashtriya loktaantrik andolan (movimento national democrato feminino) key kendriya aayog mein theen, joe 1949 mein norton dee matos key rashtrapati abhiyaan key baad sthaapit ack kanuni sangathan thaa.
usa samay key kaee buddhijiviyon kii tarah, porto ney kaee samachar patron aur patrikaon mein yogdan diyaa, jinamen seey kuchh kalaa koo samarpit they, jaise kii "mundo literario", "vertis" aur "seera nova", saath hii saath "diarrhoe dee lisboa" jaise dainik samachar patra aur mahilaaon key liye patrikaaen, jaise "eeva". haalaanki, censorship ney kaee kalakaron key liye saarvajanik roop seey khud koo poori tarah seey vyakt karna mushkil banaa diyaa aur way aksar vichaaron key adaan-pradaan key liye anaupchaarik sabhaon kaa ayojan karate they. porto koo vishesh roop seey unake gaayan key liye saraha gayaa, joe smriti seey lambi kavitaaen dene mein saksham they, jaise kii fernando pesoa key visham naam alvarro dee campos dwara "odd maritima".
anuvaad.
porto ney robbert pignar key "histoir doo theatre" kaa anuvaad kiya, ise poori tarah seey apane aadyaksharon key saath hastakshar kiya, saath hii saath purushon dwara likhi gaee ack yaa dou anya pustakon key saath. haalaanki, mahilaaen unaki adhikansh saahityik kritiyon key liye kendra mein theen, chaahe mahila lekhakon kii anuvaadak key roop mein luisa meey alcott, annie bronte, elizabeth gaskell, hazel goodwin keeler, catherine mansfield aur virginia woolf, virginia woolf, catherine mansfield, dorothy parker, judith (judite) navarro aur maria amalia vaaj dee carvalho, yaa unaki apani kahaaniyon mein. unhone "umm filho mess aeye outras historius" (1945), "umenjenuaah aeye historia dee beetrijah novell" (1948) aur "dose historius same santido" (maranoparant 1952 mein) prakaashit kiya. jaisa kii marcus ney nott kiya haye, unaki lagbhag sabhi kahaaniyon mein mukhya paatron koo kaafee peedaa kaa saamana karna padata haih unhein unake pitaa dwara peeta jaataa haye, dhokha diyaa jaataa haye aur pati dwara chhod diyaa jaataa haye, ack bachche kii mrityu kaa anubhav hotaa haye, yaa way jiss carrier kaa anusaran karna chaahte hain uska anusaran naheen curr sakate hain. 
baad kaa jeevan.
janwari 1947 mein "concello nacional daas mulheres portuguesas" (purtagaali mahilaaon kii rashtriya parishad) kii maria laama ney mahilaaon dwara likhi gaee pustakon kii ack pradarshani kaa ayojan kiya. isane tees deshon kii 1400 mahila lekhakon kii teen hazaar pustakon koo ack saath laaya, joe lisban vishvavidyalaya mein lalit kalaa key mahaan holl koo bhar detee theen. isake hisse key roop mein, porto ney "virginia woolfah dha problem off women off latters" sheershak seey ack vyakhyan diyaa. pradarshani key kaaran usee varsh 28 juuna koo purtagaali mahilaaon kii rashtriya parishad kii tanashahi ney ise bund curr diyaa.
haalaanki porto ney 1932 mein peshevar abhinay koo prabhaavi roop seey bund curr diyaa, lekin unhone naatya jagat key saath apani bhagidari koo samaapt naheen kiya. vaha 1946 aur 1950 key beach ack rangmanch aalochak theen, jinhone naa kewal show kii sameeksha kii, balki purtagaal mein rangmanch kii sthiti parr raay bhee likhi. unake upanyaas kaa kendriya charitra, "umaingenuaah aeye historia dee beatridge", ack abhinetri haye aur porto purtagaali rangmanch kii apani pichhali kaee aalochanaon koo doharaane key liye upanyaas kaa upayog karati haye. 1948 mein unhone "groupo dramatico lisbonance" (lisban naatak samooh) kaa gathan kiya, ack shaukiya samooh joe kaafee hudd taka ack "mudd" gaayak mandal key sadasyon seey banaa thaa jise 1945 mein sanchaalak aur sangeetkaar fernando lopes-greca dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. kuchh sadasyon key paas koee naatakiya yaa sangeet prashikshan thaa. porto ney pradarshanon kaa nirdeshan kiya, jabaki unake pati drishyon aur veshbhusha key liye jimmedaar they. unhone shaukiya natakkaron koo aur adhik samarthan dene key liye bhee abhiyaan chalaaya.
mrityu.
porto ney 7 julaai 1950 koo barbiturates kii adhik matra key saath aatmahatya curr lii. yeh pahali baar naheen thaa jaba usane aisaa karane kii koshish kii thee. usa samay aatmahatya kii soochana naheen dee gaee thee kyonki aatmahatya kii report koo "estado novo" dwara sensor kiya gayaa thaa. kahaa jaataa thaa kii "ghar parr hii usaki mrityu hoe gaee" lekin vaastav mein aspatal mein usaki mrityu hoe gaee. 

