
2013 kaa laghu poonji taralata sudhaar adhiniyam

2013 kaa laghu poonji taralata sudhaar adhiniyam () ack aisaa vidheyak thaa jiska uddeshya ubharati hui vikas companiyon seey sambandhit sheyaron key share bajar mein taralata badhaana thaa. yeh chhoti companiyon koo maanak $0.01 key bajaay $0.05 yaa $0.10 kaa tick aakar chunane kii anumati dega. isamen bhaag lene key liye companiyon koo $1 seey adhik key stock moolya aur $750 million seey cumm key rajaswa kii aavashyakta hogi.
ise 113veen sanyukt raajya congress key dauran sanyukt raajya key pratinidhiyon key sadan mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa.
prishthabhoomi.
vittiya baajaron mein, ack tick aakar sabse chhoti vriddhi (tick) haye jisake dwara sheyaron, vayada anubandhon yaa anya vinimay-vyaapaar saadhan kii keemat aage badh sakati haye. pratibhootiyon aur vinimay aayog key vartamaan niyam, joe share bajar koo niyantrit karate hain, $0.01 kii vriddhi parr tick nirdhaarit karate hain. yeh parivartan 2000 mein badee company key sheyaron mein vyaapaar badhaane key lakshya key saath kiya gayaa thaa, lekin iska dushprabhaav chhoti company key sheyaron parr vyaapaar koo cumm karane kaa thaa. yeh praayogik karyakram chhoti companiyon koo badey aakar kaa chayan karane mein saksham banaayega joe ubharate samay aavashyak taralata aur poonji kii upalabdhata koo badhaayega... saarvajanik bajar mein safal honey key liye companiyaan."
vidheyak key praavdhaan.
"yeh saransh kaafee hudd taka congress kii shodh seva, ack saarvajanik kshetra srot dwara pradaan kiye gaye saransh parr adharit haye."
2013 kaa laghu poonji taralata sudhaar adhiniyam 1934 key pratibhooti vinimay adhiniyam mein sanshodhan karega taaki ubharati hui vikas companiyon (jaise) key liye ack taralata pilot karyakram sthaapit kiya jaa sakey, jiska kull vaarshik sakal rajaswa 750 million dollar seey cumm hoga, jisake tahat una pratibhootiyon koo yaa tou upayog karke uddhrit kiya jaaegaah (1) 0.05 dollar kii nyuntam vriddhi, (2) 0.10 dollar kii nyuntam vriddhi, yaa (3) vaha vriddhi jiss parr pratibhootiyon koo aisee nyuntam vriddhi koo dhyaan mein rakhe binaa uddhrit kiya jaayega.
yeh vidheyak pratibhootiyon aur vinimay aayog (seik) adhyayan kii aavashyakta koo nirast curr dega, jisamen vyaapaar mein sankraman kii jaanch kii jaayegi aur ack paise kii vriddhi mein pratibhootiyon koo uddhrit kiya jaayega, jise dashamlav key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
bill key liye nyuntam vriddhi parr uddhrit pratibhootiyon kii aavashyakta hogi, joe kii 0.05 dollar yaa 0.10 dollar kii nyuntam vriddhi parr yaa tou aisee nyuntam vriddhi parr yaa pratibhooti niyamon dwara anumat ack parr karobar kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
vidheyak ack ee. jee. see. nideshak mandal key liye yaa tou baahar nikalane yaa nyuntam vriddhi koo badalane key liye chunane key liye prakriya nirdhaarit karega.
bill $1 seey cumm pratibhooti vyaapaar koo niyantrit karane vaale moolya nirdhaaran aur vyaapaar prakriyaon koo nirdhaarit karega.
vidheyak iss adhiniyam key tahat atirikt report aur prakateekaran prastut karane key liye ack ee. jee. see. kii aavashyakta key liye seik koo nirdeshit karega.
yeh bill kissy jarikarta koo kewal apani pratibhootiyon key uddharan yaa vyaapaar key kaaran honey vaale nuksan key liye nyuntam vriddhi $0.05, $0.10, yaa kissy anya pratibhooti-adhikrit vriddhi key kaaran honey vaale daayitva seey bachaayega.
vidheyak seik koo iss parr dvivaarshik roop seey congress koo report karane kaa nirdesh degaah (1) iss adhiniyam dwara anumat vriddhi mein pratibhootiyon kaa uddharan aur vyaapaar, aur (2) jiss hudd taka iss tarah key uddharan aur vyaapaar seey poonji pratibaddhata, anusandhaan coverage aur dalali samarthan koo protsaahit karke taralata aur sakriya vyaapaar mein vriddhi hoti haye.
congress key bajat karyalaya kii report.
"yeh saransh kaafee hudd taka congress key bajat karyalaya dwara pradaan kiye gaye saransh parr adharit haye, jaisa kii 13 navambar, 2013 koo vittiya sevaaon parr sadan samiti dwara soochit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh ack saarvajanik domen srot haye."
congress key bajat karyalaya (see. bee. oh.) kaa anuman haye kii aich.aar. 3448 kaa pratibhootiyon dwara sakal kharch parr ack aprasangik prabhaav padegaa aur ack praayogik karyakram sthaapit karane key liye vinimay aayog (seik) joe kuchh pratibhootiyon key liye ack stock kii keemat mein nyuntam vriddhi (tick aakar) koo badal sakata haye. bhugtan-key-yuu-goo prakriyaaen iss kaanoon parr lagu naheen hoti hain kyonki yeh pratyaksh kharch yaa rajaswa koo prabhaavit naheen karegi.
aich.aar. 3448 ack paanch varsheeya karyakram sthaapit karega joe chhoti companiyon dwara jaari pratibhootiyon kii keemat koo 5 yaa 10 sent kii vriddhi mein badalane kii anumati dega, bajaay usa paise kii vriddhi key joe vartamaan mein yuu parr karobar kiye jaane vaale adhikansh sheyaron key liye maanak haye.aiss. stock exchange. pilot karyakram key tahat kuchh chhoti companiyon key liye tick aakar 5 sent parr nirdhaarit kiya jaayega; haalaanki, una companiyon key paas 10-pratishat vriddhi kaa chayan karane kaa vikalp hoga. isake alawa, karyakram ack baar key vikalp koo tick key aakar koo 5 sent seey 10 sent yaa isake vipareet badalane kii anumati dega. aich.aar. 3448 koo congress koo dvivaarshik report prastut karane key liye bhee aavashyak hoga, jisamen dikhaaya gayaa haye kii vibhinn tick aakar kiss hudd taka taralata aur vyaparik gatividhi koo prabhaavit curr rahey hain. see. bee. oh. koo ummeed haye kii pilot karyakram koo lagu karane key liye sekand key karyabhar mein parivartan mahatvapurna naheen hoga kyonki agency ney pahale hii iss tarah key karyakram koo vikasit karane key prayaas shuru curr diye hain.
aich.aar. 3448 pilot karyakram mein bhaag lene vaali companiyon kii pratibhootiyon key jaarikartaon koo deyata suraksha pradaan karke, antar-sarkari aur niji-kshetra key janadesh lagu karega, jaisa kii vittaposhit janadesh sudhaar adhiniyam (umra) mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. aise jarikarta karyakram key tahat sthaapit vriddhi parr apani pratibhootiyon key uddharan yaa vyaapaar key kaaran honey vaale kissy bhee nuksan key liye uttardaayi naheen honge. iss tarah kii suraksha pradaan karane seey saarvajanik aur niji donon niveshakon parr ack janadesh lagu hoga joe anyatha tick aakar seey sambandhit nuksan kii vasuli key liye jaarikartaon parr mukadama karane mein saksham hoga. yeh sanrakshan raajya aur sthaaniya daayitva kaanoonon koo poorvavat karke ack antar-sarkari janadesh bhee lagu karega.
janadesh kii laagat aise daavon mein puraskaron aur niptan kaa kshama moolya hoga. kyonki deyata sanrakshan dwara cover kii gaee companiyon kii pratibhootiyaan anya pratibhootiyon kii tulanaa mein adhik jokhim bharee hoti hain, kuchh saarvajanik sansthaaen unamen nivesh karati hain, aur joe aise niveshon key aakar koo seemit karati hain. natijatan, see. bee. oh. kaa anuman haye kii janadesh seey judaa koee bhee sambhaavit nuksan chhota hoga. isake alawa, poorv-praapti kii laagat, yadi koee hoe, cumm hogi kyonki yeh koee shulk naheen lagaayegi jisake parinamswarup atirikt kharch yaa rajaswa kaa nuksan hoga. isaliye, see. bee. oh. kaa anuman haye kii bill mein janadesh kaa paalan karane kii saarvajanik sansthaon kii laagat umra mein sthaapit antar-sarkari janadesh (2014 mein $76 million, mudrasfeeti key liye salana samaayojit) key liye vaarshik seema seey neeche aaa jaayegi.
aise mamalon mein puraskaron key moolya aur iss praavdhaan key abhaav mein daayar kiye jaane vaale daavon kii sankhya donon key baare mein anishchitata key kaaran, see. bee. oh. sambhaavit puraskaron yaa niptan key star kaa anuman naheen lagaa sakata haye joe anyatha niji niveshakon koo praapt hoga. isaliye, see. bee. oh. yeh nirdhaarit naheen curr sakata kii kyaa janadesh kii laagat niji kshetra key janadesh key liye umra mein sthaapit vaarshik seema (2014 mein $152 million, mudrasfeeti key liye salana samaayojit) seey adhik hogi.
una janadeshon key alawa, vidheyak mein sthaapit pilot karyakram mein companiyon parr ack niji-kshetra kaa janadesh lagu hoga, jisamen unhein bhaag naheen lene key liye nirdisht karane kii aavashyakta hogi. seik seey praapt jaankaari key aadhar parr, see. bee. oh. kaa anuman haye kii usa adesh kaa paalan karane kii laagat nyuntam hogi.
prakriyaatmak itihas.
2013 kaa laghu cap taralata sudhaar adhiniyam 12 navambar, 2013 koo pratinidhi dwara sanyukt raajya america key pratinidhi sabhaa mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa. seane pee. duffy (aar, vaaee-7). ise vittiya sevaaon parr sanyukt raajya america kii sadan samiti koo bheja gayaa thaa, jisane 14 navambar, 2013 koo ack vichaar aur markup satra aayojit kiya thaa. samiti ney 14 navambar, 2013 koo 57-0 key vote key saath vidheyak kii report (sanshodhit) karane kaa adesh diyaa thaa. 5 farwari, 2014 koo sadan kii report 113-342 key saath vidheyak kii report kii gaee thee. 7 farwari, 2014 koo sadan key bahumat netaa erich cantor ney ghoshana kii kii aich.aar. 3448 11 yaa 12 farwari, 2014 key liye grih anusuchi mein hoga, jise niyamon key nilamban key tahat maanaa jaayega.
bahas aur charcha.
jaiv praudyogiki udyog sangathan ney bill key paksh mein baat kii, adhyaksh zim greenwod ney kahaa kii "vartamaan ack-aakar-fitt-sabhi tick aakar bajar kii vaastaviktaon koo pratibimbit naheen kartaa haye aur vishay chhote jaarikartaon koo usee vyaapaar dhaanche key liye darshaate hain jaise kii badee, bahurashtriya companiyan teji seey uchch vyaapaar matra aur bajar cap key saath."greenwod ney aage kahaa kii" jaiv laghu poonji taralata sudhaar adhiniyam kaa samarthan kartaa haye kyonki yeh vyaapaar vatavaran kii anoothi prakriti koo dhyaan mein rakhta haye jiska saamana chhoti companiyan karati hain aur saath hii saath biotech anusandhaan aur vikas key uchch poonji bojh koo bhee dhyaan mein rakhta haye."

