
brahmandiya microwave prishthabhoomi vikiran kii khoj

brahmandiya sookshm tarang prishthabhoomi vikiran kii khoj aadhunik bhautik brahmand vigyaan mein ack pramukh vikas kaa gathan karati haye. 1964 mein, americi bhautik vigyaani arno ellen penzias aur radio-khagolshastri robbert vudro willson ney see. aim. bee. kii khoj kii, isake tapman kaa anuman 3.5 key. lagaaya, kyonki unhone holmdale horn antina key saath prayog kiya. nae maapon koo ack germ praarambhik brahmand (mahavisfot siddhant) key liye mahatvapurna sakshya key roop mein aur pratidvandi sthir avastha siddhant key khilaf sakshya key roop mein sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa kyonki 1950 key aspas key saiddhaantik kaary ney sabse saral saapeksh brahmand model key saath sthirata key liye ack see. aim. bee. kii aavashyakta koo dikhaaya thaa. 1978 mein, penzias aur willson koo unake sanyukt maap key liye bhautiki key liye nobel puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 1941 mein andreau mckeller dwara cosmick prishthabhoomi vikiran (see. aim. bee.) kaa ack poorv maap kiya gayaa thaa, joe doubleu dwara dekhi gaee see. aine. taarakiya avashoshan rekhaaon kaa upayog karke 2.3 key key prabhaavi tapman parr thaa. aiss. addams. halanki mckeller dwara see. aim. bee. kaa koee sandarbh naheen diyaa gayaa haye, lekin penzia aur willson maap key bahut baad taka iss maap key mahatva koo samajha naheen gayaa thaa.
itihas.
20veen shatabdi key madhya taka, brahmandvidon ney brahmand key nirmaan kii vyakhya karane key liye dou alag-alag siddhant vikasit kiye they. kuchh ney sthir-avastha siddhant kaa samarthan kiya, joe kahata haye kii brahmand hamesha seey maujood rhaa haye aur binaa kissy ullekhaniya parivartan key jeevit rahega. anya loga mahavisfot siddhant mein vishvaas karate they, jisamen kahaa gayaa haye kii brahmand kaa nirmaan arabon saal pahale (baad mein lagbhag 13.8 arab varsh honey kaa nirdhaaran kiya gayaa) ack badey visfot jaisi ghatana mein kiya gayaa thaa.
1941 mein, andreau mckeller ney doubleu kaa upayog kiya. aiss. 2. 3 key blackbody prishthabhoomi tapman koo maapane key liye bee prakaar key taare key spectrum mein cn avashoshan rekhaaon key addams key spectroscopic avalokan. mckeller ney brahmand sambandhi vyakhya key sandarbh key binaa, apane pataa lagaane koo antartarkiya anuon key 'ghoornan' tapman key roop mein sandarbhit kiya, yeh kahate hue kii tapman kaa "apana, shayed seemit, mahatva hoga.
dou dashakon seey adhik samay baad, 1964 mein holmdale, nyu jersey mein bell labs mein kaam karate hue, arno penzias aur robbert willson ack atee samvedansheel, 6 meater (20 feat) horn antina key saath prayog curr rahey they, jise mool roop seey pratidhvani gubbare key upgrahon seey uchhalati radio tarangon kaa pataa lagaane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa. inn mund radio tarangon koo maapane key liye, unhein apane praaptakarta seey sabhi pahchaanane yogya hastakshep koo samaapt karna padaa. unhone radar aur radio prasaran key prabhaavon koo hataa diyaa, aur receiver mein hii garmi seey hastakshep koo taral helium key saath-269 degree celsius taka thandaa karke dabaa diyaa, joe nirpeksh shoonya seey kewal 4 key oopar thaa.
jaba penzia aur willson ney apana detta cumm kiya, tou unhein ack cumm, sthir, rahasyamay shore milaa joe unake receiver mein banaa rhaa. yeh avashisht shore unaki apeksha seey 100 gunaa adhik teevra thaa, akash mein samaan roop seey faila huaa thaa, aur dinn-raat maujood thaa. way nishchit they kii 7.35 centimeter kii tarang dairdhya parr unhone joe vikiran paaya vaha prithvi, soorya yaa hamari akashganga seey naheen aaya thaa. unake upkaranon kii achchi tarah seey jaanch karane, antina mein ghonsale banaane vaale kuchh kabootaron koo hataane aur sanchit bichchu koo saaf karane key baad, shore banaa rhaa. donon ney nishkarsh nikala kii yeh shore hamari apani akashganga key baahar seey aaa rhaa thaa-haalaanki unhein kissy bhee radio srot key baare mein pataa naheen thaa joe isake liye jimmedaar hoga.
usee samay, robbert aich. nick, zim peebles aur david wilkinson, prinston vishvavidyalaya key khagol bhautikeevid, spectrum key iss kshetra mein microwave vikiran kii khoj karane kii taiyari curr rahey they. dicke aur unake sahyogiyon ney tark diyaa kii mahavisfot ney naa kewal usa padaarth koo bikher diyaa hoga joe akashgangaon mein sanghanit huaa thaa, balki vikiran kaa ack jabardast visfot bhee chhoda hoga. uchit upkaran key saath, iss vikiran kaa pataa lagaaya jaanaa chaahiye, halanki microwave key roop mein, ack badey paimaane parr laal badalaav key kaaran.
jaba unake dost bernard aff. mitt mein bhautiki key professor, berk ney penzias koo ack poorv-mudrit pepper key baare mein bataaya jise unhone zim peebles dwara dekhaa thaa kii brahmand key astitva kii shuruat mein brahmand koo bharane vaale visfot seey bache vikiran koo khojane kii sambhavana parr, penzias aur willson ney ack naee khoj key mahatva koo mahsoos karna shuru curr diyaa. penzia aur willson dwara paae gaye vikiran kii visheshataaen robbert aich dwara bhavishyavani kiye gaye vikiran key anuroop hain. dicke aur unake sahayogi prinston vishvavidyalaya mein. penzias ney dick aitt princeton koo bulaaya, jisane turant usey abhee taka aprakaashit peebles pepper kii ack prati bheji. penzia ney kagaj padhaa aur dicke koo phir seey bulaaya aur usey horn antina koo dekhane aur prishthabhoomi key shore koo sunane key liye bell laib mein aamantrit kiya. dicke, peebles, wilkinson aur pee. jee. roll ney iss vikiran kii vyakhya mahavisfot key sanket key roop mein kii.
sambhaavit sangharsh seey bachane key liye, unhone apane parinamon koo sanyukt roop seey prakaashit karane kaa faisala kiya. dou noton koo khagoliya bhautik patrika patron mein bheja gayaa thaa. pahale mein, dicke aur unake sahyogiyon ney mahavisfot siddhant kii pushti key roop mein brahmandiya prishthabhoomi vikiran key mahatva koo rekhaankit kiya. ack dusare nott mein, jiss parr sanyukt roop seey penzias aur willson ney hastakshar kiye they, jiska sheershak thaa, "4080 megacycle prati sekand parr atirikt antina tapman kaa maap", unhone 3.5 key avashisht prishthabhoomi shore key astitva kii soochana dee, joe 2.3 key key akash avashoshan ghatak aur 0.9 key vaadya ghatak key liye lekha key baad shesh haye, aur ack "sambhaavit spashteekaran" koo jimmedaar thaharaaya joe dicke dwara apane saathi patra mein diyaa gayaa thaa.
1978 mein, penzias aur willson koo unaki sanyukt khoj key liye bhautiki key liye nobel puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. unhone puraskar koo pyotra kapitsa key saath saajha kiya, jinhone ise asambandhit kaam key liye jeetaa. 2019 mein, zim peebles koo "bhautik brahmand vigyaan mein saiddhaantik khojon key liye" bhautiki key liye nobel puraskar seey bhee sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.

