
jalbhrit taapiya oorjaa bhandaran

jalbhrit taapiya oorjaa bhandaran (aeye. tii. ee. aiss.) upasatahi jalbhriton mein taapiya oorjaa kaa bhandaran aur punarpraapti haye. aeye. tii. ee. imaraton koo germ aur thandaa curr sakate hain. kuon kaa upayog karke bhujal key nishkarshan aur injection dwara bhandaran aur punarpraapti praapt kii jaati haye. pranali aamtaur parr mausami roop seey kaam karati haye. garmiyon mein nikala jaane vaalaa bhujal ooshmaa vinimaayak key madhyam seey imarat seey paani mein ooshmaa sthanantarit karke thandaa hoe jaataa haye. germ bhujal koo jalbhrit mein phir seey daala jaataa haye, joe germ paani koo sangraheet kartaa haye. sardiyon mein, pravaah ulat jaataa haye-germ bhujal nikala jaataa haye (aksar ack garmi pump koo khilaaya jaataa haye). 
ack aeye. tii. ee. aiss. pranali jalbhrit kaa upayog taap aur sheetlan kii maang mein mausami ulatafer koo rokane key liye karati haye. aeye. tii. ee. aiss. jeevaashm eendhan-nirbhar pranaliyon aur sambandhit utsarjan koo badalane key liye ack laagat prabhaavi takneek key roop mein kaam curr sakata haye.
aeye. tii. ee. utsarjan mein kamee mein mahatvapurna yogdan dey sakate hain, kyonki imaaraten mukhya roop seey heating aur cooling key liye vaishvik oorjaa kaa lagbhag 40 pratishat upbhog karati hain. aeye. tii. ee. aiss. pranaliyon kii sankhya mein naatakiya roop seey vriddhi hui haye, vishesh roop seey europe mein. belgium, germany, turkey aur sweeden bhee attes key anuprayog koo badhaa rahey hain. jahan bhee jalavaayu sthitiyaan aur bhoo-javic sthitiyaan upayukt houn, vahaan aeye. tii. ee. aiss. lagaaya jaa sakata haye. upasatahi sthaan key anukoolan key liye upayukt paristhitiyon vaale kshetron mein dhyaan dene kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
pranali key prakaar.
dwidish attes pranaliyon mein dou kuein (ack double) hotey hain. ack kuein kaa upayog garmi bhandaran key liye kiya jaataa haye, aur dusare kaa upayog sheet bhandaran key liye kiya jaataa haye. sardiyon key dauran, (germ) bhujal koo ooshmaa bhandaran kuein seey nikala jaataa haye aur sheet bhandaran kuein mein inject kiya jaataa haye. garmiyon key dauran, pravaah kii disha iss tarah seey ulat jaati haye kii (thandaa) bhujal koo sheet bhandaran kuein seey nikala jaataa haye aur ooshmaa bhandaran kuein mein inject kiya jaataa haye. 
mono-directional system pumping disha koo iss tarah seey naheen badalate hain kii bhujal hamesha praakritik jalbhrit tapman parr nikala jaataa haye. yadyapi taapiya oorjaa upasatah mein sangraheet hoti haye, aamtaur parr sangraheet oorjaa koo punah praapt karane kaa koee irada naheen hotaa haye.
bund pranaaliyan ack dafan taap vinimaayak key madhyam seey ack taral padaarth koo prasaarit karke oorjaa koo sangraheet karati hain jisamen aamtaur parr ack kshaitij yaa urdhvaadhar pipeline hoti haye. yeye pranaaliyan bhujal koo naheen nikaalati hain yaa usey inject naheen karati hain. inhen borhole taapiya oorjaa bhandaran yaa bhoo-srot taap pump key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
bhoo-taapiya oorjaa utpaadan aamtaur parr gahari upasatah kaa upayog kartaa haye jahan tapman adhik hotaa haye.
itihas.
jalbhriton mein taapiya oorjaa kaa pahala jaanboojhkar bhandaran 1960 key aspas chean mein huaa thaa. pahali aeye. tii. ee. aiss. pranali kaa nirmaan audyogik sheetlan key liye shanghai mein kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan, kapada karkhanon koo thandaa karane key liye badee matra mein bhujal nikala gayaa thaa. isase bhoomi mein bhaari girawat aaee. avakraman koo rokane key liye, thhande satah key paani koo jalbhrit mein phir seey daala gayaa thaa. baad mein, yeh dekhaa gayaa kii bhandarit paani injection key baad thandaa rahata haye aur iska upayog thandaa karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. 1970 key dashak mein jalbhriton mein taapiya oorjaa key bhandaran kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa, jisake kaaran france, switzerland, america aur japan mein kshetra prayog aur vyavaharyata adhyayan hue. 
attis kaa upayog 2009 mein neetherland mein unnat jaiv upchaar key hisse key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. 
2018 taka, 2800 seey adhik aeye. tii. ee. aiss. pranaaliyan sanchaalit theen, joe prati varsh 2.52 ghante seey adhik heating aur cooling pradaan karati theen. neetherland aur sweeden ney bajar parr apana varchasva banaaya. taba sabhi pranaliyon kaa 85 pratishat neetherland mein sthit thaa, jabaki aage 10 pratishat sweeden, denmark aur belgium mein paae gaye they. 
vishisht ayam.
vishisht anuprayogon key liye pravaah darr 20 aur 150 meater/ghanta/kuein key beach hoti haye. ack varsh mein sangraheet aur punarpraapt bhujal kii matra aam taur parr prati kuein 10,000 meater aur 150,000 meater key beach hoti haye. aeye. tii. ee. aiss. pranali kii gaharaai aamtaur parr 20 aur 200 meater key beach hoti haye. inn gaharaai parr tapman aam taur parr vaarshik ausat satah tapman key karib hotaa haye. madhyam jalavaayu mein yeh lagbhag 10 degree celsius hotaa haye. una kshetron mein sheet bhandaran aamtaur parr 5 aur 10 degree celsius key beach aur taap bhandaran 10 seey 20 degree celsius kii seema mein lagu kiya jaataa haye. halanki cumm baar, kuchh pariyojanaaen 80 degree celsius seey adhik garmi sangraheet karati hain.
jalbhautikiya baadhaaen.
aeye. tii. ee. aiss. key saath praapt kii jaa sakane vaali oorjaa bachat site bhoovigyaan parr dridhata seey nirbhar karati haye. aeye. tii. ee. aiss. key liye ack upayukt jalbhrit kii upasthiti kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe paani koo sweekaar karane aur utpaadan karane mein saksham hoe. udaaharan key liye thhos chattan jalbhrit taka pahunch koo seemit karati haye. motey (> 10 meater) retile jalbhrit ishtatam hain. paryaapt hydrolic chaalakta kii aavashyakta hoti haye, joe paryaapt haye kii paani aasaani seey bahata haye. haalaanki, atirikt bhujal pravaah bhandaran charan key dauran kuein key kabja kshetra key baahar sangraheet oorjaa kaa parivahan (iska hissa) curr sakata haye. ushma key nuksan koo cumm karane key liye, cumm hydrolic dhaal vaale jalbhriton koo prathamikta dee jaati haye. isake alawa, bhoo-rasayanik sanrachana mein dhaal seey bachana chaahiye, kyonki visham bhoo-rasayan key saath paani key mishran seey clogging badh sakati haye, jisase pradarshan cumm hoe jaataa haye aur rakharkhaav kii laagat badh jaati haye.
kanuni sthiti.
uthale (<400 meater) bhoo-taapiya pratishthanon kii kanuni sthiti deshon key beach vividh haye. sthaapanaon key liye niyam khatarnak samagri key upayog aur jalbhriton key beach hydrolic short circuit seey bachane key liye borhole key uchit backfilling seey sambandhit hain. anya niyam peene yogya paani key liye bhujal kshetron key sanrakshan seey sambandhit hain. kuchh desh nyuntam aur adhikatam bhandaran tapman koo seemit karate hain. udaaharan key liye, austriya (5-20 °C), denmark (2-25 °C) aur neetherland (5-25 °C). anya desh bhujal tapman mein adhikatam parivartan koo apanaate hain, udaaharan key liye switzerland (3°see) aur france (11°see).
dooshit bhujal.
bhujal sandushan key sambhaavit prasaar key kaaran, vishesh roop seey shahari kshetron mein, dooshit jalbhriton koo sansaadhit karane kii anumati naheen haye. halanki, shahari kshetron mein dooshit bhujal upchaar kii dheemi pragati aur aeye. tii. ee. aiss. kii sankhya mein teji seey vriddhi key kaaran sandushan kii sambhavana badh rahee haye. aam dooshit padarthon mein, chlorinyukt ethinon mein attes pranaliyon mein hastakshep karane kaa sabse adhik mauka hotaa haye, kyonki way aksar samaan gaharaai parr paae jaate hain. jaba chlorinyukt ethin ghaney gair-jaleey charan key taral (dee. aine. aeye. pee. ell.) key roop mein maujood hotey hain, tou aeye. tii. aiss. dwara dee. aine. aeye. pee. ell. key sambhaavit vighatan seey bhujal kii gunavatta parr prabhaav badhega.
sambhav anuprayog.
aeye. tii. ee. aiss. aur chlorinyukt ethen kii upasthiti sthaayi oorjaa praudyogiki aur tikaau bhujal prabandhan key ekikaran kii kshamata pradaan karati haye. germ kuein key aspas tapman mein vriddhi chlorinyukt ethin key hraskari declorination koo badhaa sakati haye. halanki thhande kuein mein cumm tapman jaiv ksharan mein baadha daal sakata haye, lekin teji seey upchaar key liye aeye. tii. ee. aiss. kaa mausami sanchaalan dooshit padaarth koo thhande kuein seey germ kuein mein sthanantarit curr sakata haye. iss tarah key mausami bhujal parivahan seey paryaavaran kii sthiti mein samroopata aaa sakati haye. 
aeye. tii. ee. aiss. kaa upayog biostimulation key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye, udaaharan key liye electron daataa yaa sookshmajeevon koo injection dene key liye joe reductive declorination key liye aavashyak hain. 
attes (30 varsh) kaa jivankal inn seetu bioremediation kii aavashyak avadhi key anuroop haye.
samajik prabhaav.
attes aur unnat praakritik ksheenan (attes-enaa) kii sanyojan avadharana kaa upayog sambhavatah neetherland aur chean mein kiya jaa sakata haye, vishesh roop seey shaharikrit kshetron mein. inn kshetron mein javic bhujal sandushan hotaa haye. vartamaan mein, sanyojan avadharana neetherland key liye behtar lagu hoe sakati haye joe adhik paripakva praudyogiki aur adhik anubhav pradaan karati haye. haalaanki, chean key liye jahaan attes bahut cumm vikasit haye, pradarshan pilot pariyojanaon kaa mulyankan utpaadan anuprayogon seey pahale kiya jaa sakata haye, aur attes dwara upasatahi upayog parr cumm teevra dabaav key kaaran lachili pranaliyon koo vikasit kiya jaa sakata haye.
2023 key ack adhyayan mein bataaya gayaa kii aeye. tii. ee. aiss. germ karane aur hamaare gharon aur vyavsaayon koo thandaa karane mein oorjaa key upayog koo 40 pratishat taka cumm curr sakata haye. 

