
livia rothkirchen

livia rothkirchen (1922-march 2013) chekoslovak mein janmi israeli itihaaskaar aur abhilekhak theen. vaha narsamhar key baare mein kaee pustakon kii lekhika theen, jinamen "slovak yahudi kaa vinash" (1961), slovakia key yahoodiyon key nirvaasan aur hatyaa kaa pahala aadhikarik vivaran shamil haye.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
rothkirchen kaa janm subcarpathian russ praant mein velka sevaljus mein ack yahudi parivaar mein huaa thaa, joe taba chekoslovakia (baad mein ukraine kaa hissa) kaa hissa thaa. vaha khast mein vyayamshala mein bhaag letee thee. 1938 mein naazi germany ney pramukh europeeya raajyon kii sahamati seey chekoslovakia key sudeten kshetra parr kabja curr liya. march 1939 mein vevla sevaljus sahit carpathian ruthenia parr hangri ney kabja curr liya thaa. germany ney phir chekoslovakia koo vighatit curr diyaa, isaki jagah bohemia aur moravia key sanrakshit raajya aur ack nammatra swatantra slovak raajya key saath, jisane naazi key saath sahyog kiya. teenon kshetron mein, yahudi nagrikon parr kathor niyam lagaae gaye, jinamen seey adhikansh koo antatah nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa aur maar diyaa gayaa. rothkirchen aur unake parivaar koo maee 1944 mein hangri key adhikaariyon dwara aushwitz yaatana shivir mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa; unake maataa-pitaa jeevit naheen bache they.
yuddh key baad, rothkirchen aur unaki teen bahanen praag chully gaeen, jahan unhone charles vishvavidyalaya mein russie aur angreji bhasha aur saahitya kaa adhyayan kiya, 1949 mein angreji natakkar aur upanyaskar jey. parr ack thesis key liye apani phd praapt kii. bee. prestly, "jey key prakaash mein aadhunik ingland. bee. paadari key naatak.
shodh karein.
1956 mein israel jaane key baad, rothkirchen narsamhar key peediton key liye israel key aadhikarik smaarak yaad washem key karmchaariyon mein shamil hoe gaye. unhone narsamhar key dastavejikaran mein ack vishisht yogdan diyaa, vishesh roop seey chekoslovakia key loktaantrik ganarajya parr germany key adhigrahan seey aaney vaale mudde. rothkirchen ney samanya samaaj parr europe key raajneetik netaaon key nirnayon key prabhaav, apane samudaayon koo bachaane key prayaas mein yahudi sampradayik netaaon parr aur khud koo aur apane parivaaron koo vinash seey bachaane key prayaas mein yahoodiyon parr prabhaav kaa adhyayan kiya.
1968 mein yaa usake aspas rothkirchen "yaad washem studies" (jise taba "europeeya yahudi aapada aur pratirodh parr yaad washem adhyayan" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa) kii sampaadak baneen, ack pada joe unhone 15 varshon taka sambhala, jisake dauran unhone khandon 7-15 kaa sampadan kiya. unhone patrika key liye kaee lekh bhee likhe aur saha-lekhan kiya, aur kaee pustaken likhin yaa sampaadit keen. gilla fatran ney rothkirchen kii pahali pustak, "slovak yahudi kaa vinash" (1961) key baare mein likhaa haye kii "isamen nivesh kiya gayaa pathpradarshak aur samarpit kaary isaki gunavatta aur sateekta mein parilakshit hotaa haye. itihaaskaar michael ell key anusaar, usa kaam aur unaki antim pustak, "dha jyooz off bohemia aind moraaviyah facing dha holocost" (2005), ack saath "poorv chekoslovakia mein holocost kaa ack vyaapak itihas pradaan karati haye". miller. baad kii pustak koo angreji mein upalabdh apane vishay parr ekmatra karyon mein seey ack honey key liye prashansa millie, lekin check sahishnuta key vichaar parr adhik jore dene aur check-yahudi sambandhon key ektarafa drishtikon koo prastut karane key liye kuchh aalochana bhee hui.
rothkirchen koo 1973 mein itihas key liye max nordau puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 2013 mein jerusalam mein unaki mrityu key baad "yaad washem studies" kaa ack ank unaki smriti koo samarpit kiya gayaa thaa.