
francis young husband

leftinent curnell surr francis edward young husband (31 maee 1863-31 julaai 1942) ack british senaa adhikaari, khojkarta aur aadhyatmik lekhak they. unhein sudur poorv aur madhya asia mein unaki yaatraon key liye yaad kiya jaataa haye; vishesh roop seey 1904 key british tibbat abhiyaan key liye, joe unake netritva mein thaa, aur asia aur videsh neeti parr unake lekhan key liye. young husband tibbat mein british aayukt aur shaahi bhaugolik samaaj key adhyaksh sahit padon parr rahey.
praarambhik jeevan.
francis young husband kaa janm 1863 mein british bhaarat (abb pakistan) key muri mein ack british sainya parivaar mein huaa thaa, joe mejar-general george young husband key bhaai aur mejar-general johnn doubleu key dusare bete they. yaung husband aur unaki patni clara jaine shau. clara key bhaai, robert shau, madhya asia key ack prasiddh khojkarta they. unake chaacha leftinent-general charles key pati see. bee. aff. aar. aiss. ack british senaa adhikaari aur mausam vigyaani they.
ack shishu key roop mein, francis koo unaki maan dwara ingland mein rahane key liye leey jaaya gayaa thaa. jaba clara 1867 mein bhaarat lauti tou usane apane bete koo dou kathor aur sakhti seey dhaarmik chaachi kii dekhbhal mein chhod diyaa. 1870 mein unaki maan aur pitaa ingland laut aae aur parivaar koo phir seey milaa diyaa. 1876 mein terah saal kii umr mein, francis ney clifton college, bristol mein pravesh kiya. 1881 mein unhone shaahi sainya mahavidyalaya, sandhurst mein pravesh kiya aur 1882 mein pahale raajaa key dragon gaard mein ack subaltern key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa.
sainya carrier.
general mcgregor kii pustak "defence off india" padhane key baad vaha khud koo jasusi key "mahaan khel" kaa visheshagya kaha sakata thaa joe asia key maidanon parr fail rhaa thaa. 1886-1887 mein, apani resiment seey chhutti parr, yaung husband ney asia bhar mein ack abhiyaan chalaaya, halanki abhee bhee ack yuva adhikaari thaa. chean key liye naukaayan karane key baad unaki party curnell maark bell kii anumati seey, bhugol kaa sarvekshan karane key liye pratyaksh adhikaar key saath 1200 meal registan koo paar karane key liye nickle padee; lekin vaastav mein uddeshya raaj key liye russie bhautik khatron kii taakat kaa pataa lagaana thaa. ack varishth sahakarmi, heinry ee key saath prasthaan karate hue. aim. james (apane bhaaratiya sivil seva pada seey chhutti parr) aur newchwang, hairi inglish fulford key ack yuva british rajanyik adhikaari ney 4 aprail 1887 koo, lait young husband ney changbai pahaadon key kshetra mein cheeni basti key seemavarti kshetron kaa daura karate hue manchuria kii khoj kii.
bhaarat pahunchane parr unhein commander-inn-cheef feeled marshel lord roberts dwara teen maheene kii chhutti dee gaee thee; iss yatra key vaigyaanik parinam shaahi bhaugolik samaaj key liye mahatvapurna jaankaari saabit honge. young husband ney pahale hii vishesh roop seey kaee vaigyaanik avalokan kiye they, joe darshaate hain kii changbai pahaadon kii sabse oonchi choti, bekadu pahaad, kewal lagbhag 8,000 feat lamba haye, bhale hii yaatriyon key british maanchitron mein burf seey dhaki chotiyon koo dikhaaya gayaa hoe. fulford ney yaatriyon koo bhasha aur saanskritik visheshagyata pradaan kii. ghar jaane kaa adesh diye jaane seey pahale, yaung pati ney duniya key sabse durgam ilaakon koo himalayon mein paar kiya. apane british sathiyon key saath alag hotey hue, unhone taklamakan registan koo paar karke cheeni turkistan taka pahunche, aur agyaat mustagh darre key madhyam seey kashgar seey bhaarat taka ack maarg kaa beedaa uthaaya. unhone vaaysaraay, lord dufferin koo bataaya kii unhone karakoram renz, hindu kush, pamiron aur jahaan renz himalayon key saath milati haye, teen mahaan samrajyon kii saanthgaanth key madhyam seey paar kiya. 1880 key dashak mein oopari bail kaa kshetra abhee bhee kaafee hudd taka apramaanit thaa. iss upalabdhi key liye, abhee bhee kewal 24 varsh kii ayu mein, unhein shaahi bhaugolik samaaj kaa sabse cumm umr kaa sadasya chunaa gayaa aur unhein samaaj kaa 1890 kaa sanrakshak padak milaa.
1889 mein, unhone kaptan banaaya, aur laddakh key uttar mein ack agyaat kshetra kii jaanch karane key liye gorkha sainikon key ack chhote seey anurakshan key saath bheja gayaa, jahan pichhale varsh hanja key hamlaavaron ney yarkand aur bhaarat key beach vyaapaar koo baadhit kiya thaa. yarkand nadee kii ghaati mein derra daale hue, yaung husband ney apane shivir mein ack doot praapt kiya, jisamen unhein "mahaan khel" mein apane russie samkaksh kaptan bronislav grombchevsky key saath raat key khaane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa. young husband ney grombchevsky key shivir key nimantran koo sweekaar curr liya, aur raat key khaane key baad donon pratidvandiyon ney raat mein baat kii, brandy aur vodka saajha kiya, aur british bhaarat parr russie aakraman kii sambhavana parr charcha kii. grombchevsky ney apane cossack escort key ghudsavaar kaushal seey apane pati koo prabhaavit kiya, aur apane pati ney apane gurkhon kii rifle drill seey grombchevsky koo prabhaavit kiya. iss doorasth seemavarti kshetra mein unaki baithak key baad, grombchevsky ney tibbat kii disha mein apana abhiyaan phir seey shuru kiya aur yaung husband ney karakoram kii apani khoj jaari rakhee.
bhaaratiya raajneetik seva carrier.
videsh sachiv surr mortimer durand dwara sakshatkar key liye khufiya vibhaag (ids) mein bhaag lene key liye, yoonhas key pati koo shimla seey ack taar milaa, jise bhaaratiya raajneetik seva mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. unhone british senaa seey dusare sthaan parr ack raajneetik adhikaari key roop mein kaary kiya. unhone ack dubhashiya key roop mein lhasa jaane key anurodh koo aswikar curr diyaa, ack yarkandi vyaapaari key roop mein bhesh badalkar, ack cover jisaki rusiyon koo moorkh banaane kii guaranti naheen thee, ack scots vyaapaari, andreau dalglish koo hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. yung husband key saath ack gurkha escort thaa, joe yuddh mein unaki krurta key liye manaaya jaataa thaa. seema paar karane vaale sabhi shantipurna suraksha yaatriyon key liye ack kanuni prastaav dwara aage kii neeti koo seemit kiya gayaa thaa. 8 agast 1889 koo leh seey kaarvaan maarg parr prasthaan unhein shimshal key pahaadi darre parr hanja kii or leey gayaa, unakaa uddeshya shinziang mein chaay key vyaapaar koo bahaal karna aur kashmir mein aage kissy bhee chhaape koo rokna thaa. gilgit key curnell durand unake saath shamil hoe gaye. yaung pati ney swaagat kaa aaklan karane key liye gaanvon kii jaanch keeh yeh ginati karane key liye kii yeh choron kii gufa thee, way khadee khaai parr chadh gaye. unake liye hanja pratibandhit thaa, ack jaal chhid gayaa thaa; parley kii shartein usey baatchit karane key liye ander leey gaeen. ghabarahat bharey swaagat key baad, way sabhi suraksha paane key liye raahat mahsoos curr rahey they; unghusband jaanana chaahte they kii kaun nirdosh nagrik vyapariyon koo raaste mein laa rhaa thaa, aur kyon. shaasak, safdar allie ney apane kashmiri raajya mein swaagat patra kaa vistaar kiya; agent gromchevsky key tahat russie ghuspaithiye kahaan seey aae, isaki british ney jaanch kii. aage dakshin laddakh mein, unhone unaki gatividhiyon parr kadee najar rakhee. anichha seey, yaung husband ney cossack netaaon key saath bhojan kiya, jinhone apani aam pratidvandvita key rahasyon koo ujagar kiya. gromchevsky ney samajhaaya kii raaj ney kaalaa samudra bandargaahon mein hastakshep key liye dushmani koo aamantrit kiya thaa. russie ney ranneeti kii bahut cumm samajh dikhaai, lekin buniyaadi kachcha saahas; unhone angrejon key liye koee dost naheen honey key roop mein abdul rahman key vishvaas koo dhokha diyaa. yaung pati ney asthaayi roop seey nishkarsh nikala kii bokhara aur samarkand mein unaki sampatti kamjor thee. badee matra mein vodka aur brandy peaker, cossacks ney sauhaardpurna salami mein hathiyar prastut kiye aur way shaanti seey alag hoe gaye. sardiyon key liye buri tarah seey taiyar naheen, laddakh mein british senaa ney unhein pravesh karane seey incar curr diyaa.
yaung pati aakhirkaar 13-bandook kii salami key liye gulmit pahunche. khaaki mein, doot ney karakoram rajmarg parr markey parr safdar allie kaa swaagat kiya, hanja key loga apane shaasak key charanon mein ghutane tech rahey they. yeh aupaniveshik kootneeti thee, joe protocol aur shishtachar parr adharit thee, lekin unghusband kewal tuchchh charchaon key liye naheen aaya thaa. durand key sainikon dwara prabalit, younghusband kii daleelen aaparaadhik loot, hatyaa aur rajmarg dakaiti koo rokane key liye theen. halanki safdar allie tark key liye abhedya thaa, lekin uska pati usey raaj parr hansane key liye taiyar naheen thaa. unhone apani diarry mein likhaa kii agni shakti key pradarshan ney "kaafee sansani paida curr dee". british mejar tiraskarpurna they, lekin santusht they jaba way 23 navambar koo bhaarat lautane key liye ravaana hue, jiss parr way chrismus taka pahunche.
1890 mein, young husband koo dubhashiya key roop mein george mccartney key saath cheeni turkistan key liye ack mission parr bheja gayaa thaa. unhone sardiyon koo kashgar mein bitaaya, jahan unhone british vanijya doot key roop mein mccartney koo chhod diyaa. young husband bhaarat mein ack sambhaavit russie pravesh maarg, pamir antaral kii jaanch karna chaahte they, lekin unhein yeh sunishchit karna thaa kii kashgar mein cheeni logon koo sulajha liya jaae, taaki hanja kulon dwara tripakshiya prayaas koo rokaa jaa sakey. yahee kaaran thaa kii unhone jamey hue pahaadon mein apane missions key saath jaane key liye ack mandarin dubhashiya, junier adhikaari george mccartney kii bharti kii. way kashgar mein ack sunane vaale pada key roop mein, russie nikolai petrovsky key saath sammelan mein baithak karate they, jinhone hamesha shinziang (sinkiang) key saath vyaapaar kaa virodh kiya thaa. russie agent koo british bhaarat key baare mein achchi tarah seey jaankaari thee, lekin vaha beiman saabit huaa. yeh maanate hue kii vaha safal hoe gayaa thaa, yaung husband ney shinziang key "taotai" key saath petrovsky key saude parr dhyaan naheen diyaa.
julaai 1891 mein, way abhee bhee pamiron mein they jaba khabar unake paas pahunchi kii russie "cheeni aur afgaanon key saath nott karane aur report karane key liye" sainikon koo bhejane kaa irada rakhate they. 12 agast koo chhote pamir mein bozaai gumbaj mein unakaa saamana cosack sainikon seey huaa, jinhone unhein kshetra chhodane key liye majboor kiya. yeh una ghatnaaon mein seey ack thee jisane hanja-nagar abhiyaan koo uksaayaa. 20 yaa usase adhik sainikon key dall ney russie seema key 150 meal dakshin mein ack jhanda lagaaya, jiska unhone anuman lagaaya thaa kii yeh daavaa naheen kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, british iss kshetra koo afghan kshetra maanate they. curnell, sent george key adesh seey sajaae gaye, apane shivir seey yeh ghoshana karane key liye sampark kiya kii yeh kshetra abb zaar kaa haye. yaung key pati koo pataa chalaa kii unhone chitral kshetra parr chhaapa maaraa thaa; isake alawa, unhone yaseen ghaati mein darcut paas mein pravesh kiya thaa. unake saath utsuk khufiya adhikaari leftinent davison bhee shamil hoe gaye, lekin british samprabhuta key ivanov ney angrejon koo nirash curr diyaah yaung husband vinamra rahey, protocol banaae rakhaa lekin badey russie bhalu key galey lagaane key liye aatithya karate rahey.
kashmir mein apani seva key dauran, unhone edward aim key anurodh parr "kashmir" naamak ack pustak likhi. jey. molinux. yaung husband kaa varnan ghaati key molinux key chitron key saath haath mein haath milaa. pustak mein, young husband ney kashmir kii praakritik sundarta aur isake itihas kii apani apaar prashansa kii ghoshana kii. britten aur roose key beach mahaan khel, 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey aage 1907 kii anglo-russie sandhi dwara aadhikarik roop seey samaapt honey taka jaari rhaa. anya khojkartaon jaise swen hedin, nikole prazevalsky, shokan valikhanov aur surr auriel stein ney utsaahpoorvak bhaag liya thaa. tibbat mein russie upasthiti key saath hindu kush mein russie vistaar kii afvaahon ney bhaarat key nae vaaysaraay lord karjan koo 1902 seey 1904 taka tibbat mein ack pramukh, british aayukt niyukt karane key liye prerit kiya.
tibbat kaa abhiyaan.
1903 mein, karjan ney tibet frontier commission key pramukh key roop mein johnn clod white, sikkim key raajneetik adhikaari aur ee. key saath young husband koo niyukt kiya. see. wilton upaayukt key roop mein. baad mein unhone tibbat key liye british abhiyaan kaa netritva kiya, jiska anumaanit uddeshya sikkim-tibbat seema parr vivaadon koo niptana thaa, lekin landan key nirdeshon koo paar karke, abhiyaan vivadaspad roop seey tibbat kaa "vaastavik" aakraman bunn gayaa.
tibbat key ander, gyantse key raaste mein, vahaan seey lhasa kii rajdhani taka, guru key gaanv key baahar ack takraav ney 600-700 tibbati milicia, badey paimaane parr bhikshuon parr abhiyaan dwara jeet hassil kii. tibbati hatahaton key kuchh anuman kaheen adhik hain; anya sanghrshon koo bhadkaate hue, yaung husband key achchi tarah seey prashikshit sanic raifalon aur machineganon seey lais they, joe avyavasthit bhikshuon kaa saamana karate hue, talvaaron aur flintlocks kaa upayog karate they. kuchh khaaton kaa anuman haye kii abhiyaan key dauran 5,000 seey adhik tibbati maare gaye they, jabaki british hatahaton kii kull sankhya lagbhag paanch thee.
british senaa koo bhootaan key raajaa ugyen wangchuk dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen unaki sevaaon key badale mein night kii upaadhi dee gaee thee. tibbat key aakraman ney british sarkaar koo sharminda curr diyaa, joe cheeni tateey bastiyon key saath british vyaapaar key liye king sarkaar key saath achche sambandh chaahati thee. tadnusar, british sarkaar ney usa sandhi koo aswikar curr diyaa jise lhasa kii sandhi key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye jise younghusband kii sevaaon ney praapt kiya thaa.
1891 mein, young husband koo bhaaratiya samrajya key order kaa saathi praapt huaa, aur phir unhein disambar 1904 mein night commander off dha order off dha starr off india key sammaan seey sammaanit kiya gayaa. unhein 1901 mein casser-aeye-hind padak (swarn) aur 1905 mein shaahi scotish bhaugolik samaaj key swarn padak seey bhee sammaanit kiya gayaa.
1906 mein, yaung husband 1909 mein britten lautane seey pahale british nivasi pratinidhi key roop mein kashmir mein buss gaye, jahan way kaee clubon aur samitiyon key sakriya sadasya they. 1908 mein unhein leftinent curnell key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, sahee abhiyaan key liye unaki deshbhakti kii ladaai ney "jerusalam" geet koo shuru kiya.
himalaya aur parvataarohan.
1889 mein, young husband uttar seey turkistan laa (uttar) key aadhar parr pahunche, aur unhone nott kiya kii yeh ack lamba glacier aur ack pramukh madhya asiai vibhajan renz thee.
1919 mein, young husband shaahi bhaugolik samaaj key adhyaksh chune gaye, aur dou saal baad mount everest samiti key adhyaksh baney, jise mount everest key liye praarambhik 1921 british tohi abhiyaan kaa samanvaya karane key liye sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. unhone kushal parvatarohi george mallory koo mount everest kii pahali chadhaai kaa prayaas karane key liye sakriya roop seey protsaahit kiya, aur unhone pahale key tibbat mission key samaan praarambhik maarg kaa paalan kiya. baad key 1922 aur 1924 key british abhiyaanon key dauran young husband adhyaksh baney rahey.
1938 mein, young husband ney ernst schafer koo protsaahit kiya, joe ack german abhiyaan kaa netritva karane vaalaa thaa, jaba tibbat taka pahunchane key liye schafer key prayason kii or british hathdharmita kaa saamana karna padaa tou "seema parr chupke seey".
vyaktigat jeevan.
1897 mein young husband ney charles magniac, mp kii betty helen augusta magniac seey shaadi kii. agasta key bhaai, vernan ney tibbat key abhiyaan key dauran younghusband key niji sachiv key roop mein kaary kiya. yaung husbands kaa ack betaa thaa joe bachpan mein hii marr gayaa thaa, aur ack betty, aline yaung husband (1902-1981), joe ack pramukh samajik karyakarta bunn gaee.
1921 seey 1937 taka dampati westerham, kent mein rahate they, lekin helen apane pati key saath unaki yaatraon mein naheen gaee. julaai 1942 mein, birmingham mein vishva aastha congress kii ack baithak koo sambodhit karane key baad, unake pati koo aghaat lagaa. 31 julaai 1942 koo latchet minster, dorset mein, madlin lease key ghar post green house mein hriday gati rukane seey unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unhein gaanv key church mein dafnaya gayaa thaa.
aadhyatmik jeevan.
jeevanikaar patrick french ney yaung husband key dhaarmik vishvaas koo ack aisaa vyakti bataaya joe
ack evangelical isai koo laaya, tolstoy kii sadgi mein apana raasta padhaa, tibbat key pahaadon mein ack rahasyodghatan drishti kaa anubhav kiya, kashmir mein telepathy key saath khilaaya, virail nasleeya siddhant parr adharit ack nae vishvaas kaa prastaav rakhaa, phir ise bertrand russell ney 'naastik dharm' mein badal diyaa.'antatah vaha ack aadhyatmikvadi aur "samay seey pahale hippy" bunn gayaa, jise "brahmandiya kiranon kii shakti mein bahut vishvaas thaa, aur daavaa kiya kii grah kii oonchaai parr parbhasi maans key saath alaukik hain."
1904 mein tibbat seey peechhe hatane key dauran, yaung husband koo ack rahasyamay anubhav huaa, jisane unhein "poori duniya key liye pyaar" seey bhar diyaa aur unhein aashvast kiya kii "dill seey purush divya hain. iss vishvaas koo tibbat key aakraman key liye khed key saath jodaa gayaa thaa, aur antatah, 1936 mein, gahan dhaarmik vishvaason ney vishva aastha congress (dharmon kii vishva sansad kii nakal mein) mein ack sansthaapak key sambodhan koo aamantrit kiya. young husband ney kaee pustaken prakaashit keen, jinhen nae yug key vishay kahaa jaa sakata haye, jisamen sheershak shamil hain "dha glameh beeing aine account off dha life off nija swabhaav, chhadm."(1923);" "maatri jagat (masih key liye joe honah haye)" "(1924); aur" "taaron mein jeevanah iss drishtikon kii ack vyakhya kii kuchh taaron key kuchh grahon parr hamse adhik uchch prani maujood hain, aur ack vishva-netaa parr, shashwat aatma kaa sarvocch avtaar joe poore koo sajeev kartaa haye" "(1927). antim ney lord badden-powell kii prashansa kii, joe ladke scout key sansthaapak they. pramukh avadhaaranaon mein kendriya vishvaas shamil thaa jise gaiya parikalpana, sarvadevaad, aur grah parr rahane vaale ack masih jaise "vishva netaa" key roop mein jaanaa jaayega, joe aadhyatmikta key dharamshastra kii khoj kartaa haye, aur telepathy key madhyam seey margadarshan kartaa haye.
apani pustak "bhitarah swaasthya laabh key dauran vichaar" (1912) mein, yaung husband ney kahaah
humm iss vichaar koo chhod rahey hain kii ishwar kaa raajya swarg mein haye, aur humm paa rahey hain kii ishwar kaa raajya hamaare bheetar haye. humm ack baahari bhagwan key puraane vichaar koo chhod rahey hain, oopar, alag, aur khud seey alag; aur humm apane bheetar kaam karane vaali ack aantarik aatma key nae vichaar koo leey rahey hain-ack baadha, sthaayi prabhaav, ack mahatvapurna, humm sabhi key madhyam seey compan karane vaali aaveg koo aage badhaana, khud koo vyakt karna aur hamaare madhyam seey apane uddeshya koo puuraa karna, aur hamein ack vishal aadhyatmik ekataa mein ekjut karna.
yaung husband ney purvi darshan aur brahmagyaan mein ruchi lii aur ack maanav-aakriti devta key vichaar koo khariz curr diyaa. heinry bergson key "rachanaatmak vikas" seey prabhaav lete hue, unhone ack rachanaatmak jeevan shakti key madhyam seey brahmand mein uddeshya kaa prastaav rakhaa. yaung husband key vaishvik aadhyatmik vikas key darshan koo unaki pustakon "life inn dha stars" (1927) aur "dha leaving universe" (1933) mein rekhaankit kiya gayaa thaa. baad kii pustak mein unhone iss vichaar kaa prastaav rakhaa kii brahmand ack jeevit jeev haye. yaung husband kaa maanana thaa kii brahmand mein aadhyatmik shaktiyaan vikas koo nirdeshit curr rahee hain aur kaee alag-alag grahon parr jeevan aur buddhi kaa utpaadan curr rahee hain. young husband key vichaaron koo vaigyaanikon ney khariz curr diyaa aur kuchh logon ney unake vichaaron koo gambhirta seey liya. unhone vibhinn dharmon key beach samvaad koo badhaava dene key liye vishva aastha congress kii sthaapana kii.
yaung husband kathit taur parr swatantra prem ("ack purush aur ack mahila koo kaba aur kaise ekjut karane kii swatantrata") mein vishvaas karate they, vivaah kaanoonon kii jaanch "purani pratha" key mamle key roop mein kii jaati thee.
kaalpanik chitran.
yaung husband key gharelu sevakon mein seey ack, gladys elward, chean mein ack isai missionary bunn gayaa. ingrid bergman kii film "dha inn off dha sixth happiness" (1958) gladys elward key jeevan parr adharit haye, jisamen ronald squire ney young husband kaa chitran kiya haye.
kaam kartaa haye.
young husband ney 1885 aur 1942 key beach kull 26 pustaken likhin. asiai ghatnaaon, anveshan, parvataarohan, darshan, aadhyatmikta, rajneeti aur adhik seey laker anya vishayon taka.