
raavi batra

ravinder naath "ravi" batra (janm 27 juuna, 1943) ack bhaaratiya-americi arthashastri, lekhak aur dakshini paddhativaadi vishvavidyalaya mein professor hain. batra chhah sabse adhik bikane vaali pustakon key lekhak hain, jinamen seey dou newyork times kii sabse adhik bikane vaali pustakon kii soochi mein shamil hain, jinamen seey ack (1990 kaa mahaan avasaad) number ack parr pahunch gaee haye. 1 1987 key anta mein unaki pustaken unake iss vichaar parr kendrit hain kii vittiya poonjeevaad atyadhik asamaanta aur raajneetik bhrashtachar koo janm detaa haye, joe anivarya roop seey vittiya sankat aur aarthik avasaad key aage jhuk jaataa haye.
apane karyon mein, batra ney ack nyaaysangat vitaran pranali kaa prastaav rakhaa haye jise pragatisheel upayog siddhant (prout) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe naa kewal bhautik kalyan sunishchit karane key liye balki ack poorna vyaktitva vikasit karane kii sabhi kii kshamata koo bhee surakshit karane key liye ack saadhan key roop mein haye.
batra see. bee. aiss., aine. bee. see., see. aine. aine., aeye. bee. see. aur see. aine. bee. see. parr dikhaai diyaa haye aur "dha newyork times" mein chitrit kiya gayaa haye.
"samay",
aur "newsweak".
vittiya sankat key baad seey, batra radio karyakramon mein aksar atithi rhaa haye
aur kaee prakashanon mein pradarshit kiya gayaa.
akaadamik carrier.
batra ney apana bee praapt kiya.aeye. 1963 mein panjab vishvavidyalaya seey degree aur aim.aeye. 1965 mein dilli school off economics seey degree praapt kii. 1969 mein unhone apani ph. dee. praapt kii.dee. dakshini ilinois vishvavidyalaya seey arthshastra mein. way 1969 mein paschimi ontario vishvavidyalaya mein arthshastra key sahayak professor baney. way 1970 mein texas key dallas mein dakshini paddhativaadi vishvavidyalaya mein arthshastra key sahayak professor banane key liye chaley gaye. 1972 mein, way associate professor baney, aur 1973 mein unhein 30 saal kii umr mein arthshastra kaa poorna professor aur vibhaag kaa pramukh niyukt kiya gayaa. 1978 seey pahale unhone mukhya roop seey vyaapaar siddhant key kshetra mein unnat saiddhaantik lekh aur dou pustaken prakaashit keen.
aadhyatmik viraasat.
batra key lekhan koo unake maargdarshak prabhaat ranjan sarkaar key darshan key sandarbh mein maanaa jaanaa chaahiye, jinka una parr gahara prabhaav rhaa haye.
nae vichaar.
1963 mein, batra apane maargdarshak, pee.aar. sarkaar (1921-1990), aur apane chune hue kshetra mein khud koo sthaapit karane key baad, unhone apane maargdarshak key kaam mein yogdan dekar shakha chhodane kaa faisala kiya. 1978 mein, unhone ack upanyaas pustak "dha downfall off capitalism aind communismah aeye nyu studdy off histry" prakaashit kii, jahan unhone apani nazar saiddhaantik arthshastra seey itihas kii or modd dee. pustak mein batra ney apane aadhyatmik guru, sarkaar key samajik chakr siddhant koo badhaava diyaa, joe vibhinn manovaigyaanik prathmiktaon yaa daan key saath chaar alag-alag vargon key vishleshan parr adharit thaa. usee samay, batra ney yeh siddhant diyaa haye kii aarthik asamaanta aarthik pradarshan aur samajik parivartan koo prabhaavit karati haye. unhone asamaanta key sanketak aur avasaad key ack mahatvapurna nirdhaarak key roop mein "sabse ameer 1 pratishat dwara rakhe gaye dhana key hisse" kii avadharana koo lokpriya banaaya.
samajik vikas.
pustak kaa mukhya shodh yeh thaa kii adhigrahankartaon kaa yug, jise poonjeevaad key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jald hii paschim mein samaapt honey vaalaa thaa. iss naatakiya parivartan key baad soviyat sangh mein commanders kii umr kaa patan honah thaa, jise aamtaur parr saamyvaad key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. jabaki vyaapak asamaanta aur atkalon key kaaran kuchh dashakon key bheetar poonjeevaad key patan key liye unaki bhavishyavaniyaan sach naheen hui hain, aantarik sthirata aur utpeedan key kaaran saamyvaad key patan key liye unaki bhavishyavani 1990 mein ummeed seey jaldi aaa gaee. ack aatm-sthaayi samajik gathan key roop mein, poonjeevaad koo ack asthir maarg parr dekhe jaane kaa mukhya kaaran adhigrahankartaon kaa adhik seey adhik poonji praapt karane kaa athak prayaas thaa. samay key saath, iss gatividhi koo gati praapt karate hue dekhaa gayaa aur isake parinamswarup vittiya uchhaal aur uthal-puthal hui. ack avasaad taba aayega aur jaise-jaise yeh charam asamaanta key sheersh parr aayega, yeh jaldi seey samajik arajakta aur vidroh laayega. kyonki arajakta ack samanya sthiti naheen thee, sainya netaaon kaa varg ullanghan mein kadam rakhega aur vyavastha koo phir seey sthaapit karega aur iss tarah "commanders" key ack nae yug kii shuruat karega. iss sandarbh mein, batra iss tarah key ack poorv samajik parivartan kii sameeksha kartaa haye, joe dou sahasrabdi pahale huaa thaa, jaba roman ganarajya koo roman samrajya mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. usa samay gulam vidroh aam they lekin hinsak roop seey dabaaye gaye they. iss avadhi koo daasata yuddhon key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. usee samay, senaa prabhutva mein thee kyonki roman senaa ney samrajya kaa vistaar karna jaari rakhaa. vikas mein pramukh vyakti sainya netaa, julius seasure they, jinhone senate kii sadasyata koo kamjor karke niyantran chheen liya, lekin asantusht senators dwara unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee. unake dattak putra octavian key netritva mein sainya varg ney naee samajik vyavastha koo majboot kiya. batra koo lagata haye kii bhavishya mein aisaa paridrishya samajik gatishilata parr phir seey dhyaan kendrit karega, dhana key adhigrahan seey door praudyogiki aur bhautik bahaduri mein mahaarat hassil karane key liye, jisamen antariksh kii vijay bhee shamil haye, joe paschim mein commanders key ack nae yug kii shuruat karega. yeye vichaar francis fukuyama jaise vicharakon key vichaaron seey bilkul vipareet hain, joe "itihas key anta aur antim vyakti" mein tark dete hain kii poonjeevaad, jaisa kii yeh loktantra aur swatantrata parr adharit haye, maanav samajik vikas key shikhar kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. fukuyama key liye, soviyat saamyvaad kaa patan apariharya hoe sakata thaa, lekin poonjeevaad kaa naheen.
bestseller.
ravi batra chhah antarrashtriya bestseller key lekhak hain, jinamen seey dou "dha newyork times" soochi mein dikhaai diye.
1980 mein unhone "muslim sabhyata aur iran mein sankat" prakaashit kiya, jisamen unhone shaah key patan aur buddhijiviyon yaa mullon key ack varg key uday kii bhavishyavani kii, jisake baad iraq key saath ack yuddh chhid gayaa. 1984 mein, unhone "dhana, mudrasfeeti, viniyaman aur avasaad key niyamit chakr" sheershak key tahat apani pahali bestseller banane vaali pustak likhi. iss pustak kaa ack kendriya vishay thaa kii dhana kaa anuchit vitaran, joe batra koo vittiya atkalon key pichhale prakarnon kaa kaaran paaya gayaa thaa, jisake baad ack durghatana aur avasaad huaa thaa. lester thuro itane prabhaavit hue kii unhone ack prastaavana likhi jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii vichaar "upanyaas aur shandar" they. iss pustak kaa naam baad mein "1990 kaa mahaan avasaad" rakhaa gayaa. yeh 1987 kii shuruat mein gair-kaalpanik shreni mein newyork times kii sarvshreshth vikreta soochi mein pravesh kiya aur usa varsh baad mein #1 taka pahunch gayaa.
bhavishyavaniyon key parinam.
batra ney 1990 mein america mein ack poorna paimaane parr avasaad kii bhavishyavani kii thee; aisaa naheen huaa. 1990 mein jaba unhein italvi senate key padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa tou saamyvaad key patan key liye unaki sahee bhavishyavani key kaaran europe mein batra kii pratishtha badhee. batra ney 2000 key dashak kii shuruat taka aarthik aswasthata key saath japan mein sabse adhik bikane vaale karyon koo prakaashit karna jaari rakhaa. haalaanki, america mein unaki bikri mein girawat aaney luggy aur aarthik aur vittiya mamalon parr ack media tippanikar key roop mein unakaa teji seey badhata side-line currier khatta honey lagaa. 1993 mein, batra koo arthshastra mein aaee. jee. nobel puraskar milaa.
9 sitambar, 2007 koo batra ney bhavishyavani keeh
iss dashak key anta taka sanyukt raajya america mein ack raajneetik kranti hogi... 2010 key aspas taka aur kranti poori honey seey pahale chaar yaa paanch saal taka chala sakati thee. isaliye, 2010 seey 2016 taka humm hamari arthavyavastha aur samaaj mein badey badalaav dekh sakate they. yeh ack shantipurna kranti hogi aur yeh samaaj mein dhana key shasson kaa anta laayegi.
haal key kaary.
1993 mein, batra ney "mukt vyaapaar kaa mithakah america kaa garib" prakaashit kiya jisamen unhone tark diyaa kii mukt vyaapaar ney ameeron koo ameer banane mein saksham banaaya haye lekin adhikansh loga garib hoe gaye hain. batra ney bhavishyavani kii kii nafta mexico mein berojgari paida karega aur america mein cumm majdoori paida karega. unhone desh koo badalane key liye badee companiyon key tootane, shulk badhaane aur raksha kharch mein bhaari katauti kaa aagrah kiya. unake vichaar mein, gharelu ekadhikar asamaanta aur garibi paida karate hain aur vaishvik vyaapaar audyogik aadhar aur vaishvik paryaavaran koo nuksan pahunchaata haye.
1998 mein, unhone "1998 aur 1999 key share bajar kraishah asiai sankat aur aapka bhavishya" prakaashit kiya. yeh pustak unake pahale key sabse adhik bikane vaale kaam key aadhar parr phir seey vichaar curr rahee thee, yeh tark dete hue kii kuchh bhee naheen badala thaa, kewal aarthik neeti key upshaamak upchaar vittiya poonjeevaad key lakshnon koo dabaane mein adhik prabhaavi hoe gaye they, lekin isaki antarnihit bimari kaa ilaaj naheen curr sakey they. isaliye unhone share bajar mein asthirta badhane kii bhavishyavani kii. 1999 mein phir seey, unhone ack pustak "sahasrabdi kii durghatnaah aaney vaale mudrasfeeti avasaad seey bachane" prakaashit kii, jisane sheyaron mein girawat kaa sujhaav diyaa. 2000 key vasant mein uchch takneek sheyaron mein girawat ney vaishvik bajar mein ack compcompy bhej dee. haalaanki, unake alochakon ney daavaa kiya kii choonki poonjiwadi pranali apekshaakrit barkarar rahee, isaliye vaha galat saabit hue. 2004 mein, unhone ack naee pustak "greenspan dhokhaadhadih kaise unaki dou dashakon kii neetiyon ney vaishvik arthavyavastha koo kamjor curr diyaa haye" likhi, jahan unhone poorv sanghiya reserve pramukh alaan greenspan kii neeti kaa aalochanatmak mulyankan kiya.
2008 mein unhone apani pustak, "nayaa swarn yugah raajneetik bhrashtachar aur aarthik arajakta key khilaf aaney vaali kranti" prakaashit kii, jisamen unhone vartamaan aarthik mandee aur isake peechhe kii taakton kaa vishleshan kiya. kuchh mahatvapurna sangharsh key baad, batra ney sachche loktaantrik siddhanton parr adharit americi aadarshon key "twarit aur aashcharyajanak" punruddhar kii bhavishyavani kii haye joe jaldi seey duniya bhar mein fail jaaegaah
sanyukt raajya america bahut adhik niryaat naheen kartaa haye, lekin yeh vichaaron kaa niryaat kartaa haye, joe aaj mukhya roop seey bhogwad aur bhautikvaad kaa utsarjan karate hain. ack nayaa maanak utkrisht yuddh guna aur udaartaa jald hii vartamaan mein pramukh americi lokachar kii jagah leey legaa. yeh duniya bhar mein garibi paida karane vaali chalbaji key liye maut kii ghanti bhee bajaayega. america key krantikari vichaar jaldi seey duniya koo mohit curr lenge; way jangal kii aag kii tarah failenge aur ack peedhi key bheetar garibi koo mitaa denge. internet yeh sunishchit karega kii punarjagaran apani sugandh koo poore grah parr failaaye. vaastav mein, itihas mein pahali baar, ack swarn yug hoga.(pee. jee.) 204)

