
stareekaran kaa teen-ghatak siddhant

stareekaran kaa teen-ghatak siddhant, jise vyaapak roop seey weberian stareekaran yaa teen varg pranali key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, german samajshastri max webber dwara varg, sthiti aur party koo vishisht aadarsh prakaron key roop mein vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. webber ney samajik stareekaran key liye ack bahuayami drishtikon vikasit kiya joe dhana, pratishtha aur shakti key beach paraspar kriya koo darshaata haye.
varg, sthiti aur shakti kaa naa kewal unake vyaktigat kshetron mein bahut prabhaav padata haye, balki anya kshetron parr bhee bahut prabhaav padata haye.
webber key anusaar, shakti key dou buniyaadi ayam hainh shakti kaa "adhikaar" aur shakti kaa "prayog".
yeh nibandh pratham vishva yuddh seey kuchh samay pahale likhaa gayaa thaa aur webber key bhaag key roop mein 1922 mein maranoparant prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. iska 1940 key dashak mein angreji mein "varg, sthiti, party" key roop mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa; webber 1978:926-939 mein sanshodhanon key saath punah prastut kiya gayaa thaa. aur iska punah anuvaad "samudaay key bheetar shakti kaa vitaranah varg, dall" key roop mein kiya gayaa haye.
satta kaa adhikaar.
webber key anusaar, shakti rakhane kii kshamata vibhinn "samajik sansadhanon" koo niyantrit karane kii vyakti kii kshamata seey utpann hoti haye. "vitaran kaa tarika adhikaar praapt logon koo sampatti koo 'dhana' key roop mein upayog key kshetra seey 'poonji' key kshetra mein sthanantarit karane kii sambhavana parr ekadhikar detaa haye, yaani yeh unhein udyamsheelta kaary aur pratyaksh yaa apratyaksh roop seey poonji parr laabh mein bhaag lene key sabhi avsar detaa haye. yeye sansaadhan kuchh bhee aur sub kuchh hoe sakate hainh inmein bhoomi, poonji, samajik sammaan, shaaririk shakti aur bauddhik gyaan shamil hoe sakate hain.
shakti kaa prayog.
shakti kaa prayog karane kii kshamata kaee alag-alag roop letee haye, lekin sabhi mein yeh vichaar shamil haye kii iska arth haye dusaron key saath apana raasta banaane kii kshamata, chaahe way aapka virodh karane kii kshamata rakhate houn. "udaaharan key liye, yadi humm kissy vyakti kii kissy aur key khilaf apani ichcha koo mahsoos karane kii sambhaavanaon key baare mein sochate hain, tou yeh maanana uchit haye kii vyakti kii samajik pratishtha, varg kii sthiti aur raajneetik samooh mein sadasyata inn sambhaavanaon koo prabhaavit karegi. shakti aur samajik stareekaran key beach sambandhon koo samajhane key sandarbh mein, webber ney kaee pramukh avadhaaranaon kaa upayog karke vibhinn tarikon seey samajon koo prabhutva aur adheenata kii padaanukramit pranaliyon mein sangathit kiya haye.
varg aur shakti.
"varg, apane mool mein, ack aarthik avadharana haye; yeh bajar mein vyaktiyon kii sthiti haye joe unaki varg sthiti nirdhaarit karati haye. aur yeh haye kii koee vyakti bazar mein kaise sthit haye joe seedhe taur parr kissy key jeevan kii sambhaavanaon koo prabhaavit kartaa haye. ise webber dwara "bhautik sansadhanon taka asman pahunch" key aadhar parr siddhaantit kiya gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, yadi kissy key paas kuchh aisaa haye joe aap chaahte hain yaa jisaki aapako aavashyakta haye tou yeh usey sambhaavit roop seey aapse adhik shaktishali banaata haye. vaha ack pramukh sthiti mein haye aur aap ack adheenasth sthiti mein hain kyonki vaha ack vaanchhit samajik sansaadhan taka pahunch koo niyantrit kartaa haye. yahaan ack utkrisht chitran ack niyokta aur karmchari key beach sambandh haye.
samajik shakti (sthiti yaa).
"sthiti samoohon kaa astitva aksar khud koo iss roop mein darshaata haye
yadi aap kissy kaa sammaan karate hain yaa usey apane samajik varishth key roop mein dekhate hain, tou vaha sambhaavit roop seey aap parr shakti kaa prayog karane mein saksham hoga (kyonki aap usake nirdeshon/aadeshon kaa sakaratmak jawab denge). iss sambandh mein, samajik sthiti ack samajik sansaadhan haye kyonki usake paas yeh hoe sakata haye jabaki aapke paas naheen. "halanki, sabhi shaktiyon mein samajik sammaan kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haih vishisht americi boss, saath hii saath vishisht badaa sattebaaj, jaanboojhkar samajik sammaan koo chhod detaa haye. aam taur parr, 'kewal aarthik' shakti, aur vishesh roop seey 'nagna' dhana shakti, kissy bhee tarah seey ack maanyata praapt aadhar yaa samajik sammaan naheen haye.
notah german shabd, bahuvachan (angreji, "sthiti" yaa "sthiti samooh") koo kabhi-kabhi webber mein anuvaadit naheen kiya jaataa haye, taaki madhyayugeen sanghon, vyavsaayon, jaatiya pahchaanon aur samanti vargeekaranon mein iss avadharana kii utpatti koo dhyaan mein rakhaa jaa sakey.
raajneetik shakti (party).
dall way sangathan hain jinka uddeshya "apane sakriya sadasyon key liye aadarsh yaa bhautik laabh praapt karane key liye apane netaaon key liye ack sangathan [yaa raajya] key bheetar shakti praapt karna" haye. shakti kaa yeh roop usa tareeke seey sambandhit hoe sakata haye jisamen raajya aadhunik samajik pranaliyon mein sangathit haye (udaaharan key liye, kaanoon banaane kii kshamata shamil haye). yadi aap kaanoon banaane kii iss prakriya koo prabhaavit curr sakate hain tou aap sambhaavit roop seey shaktishali sthiti mein honge. iss prakaar, nirnay lene kii prakriya koo prabhaavit karane kii aapaki kshamata seey aapke paas shakti haye, bhale hii aap seedhe usa shakti kaa vyaktigat roop seey prayog naa karein. raajneetik dall raajya key tantra key madhyam seey satta hassil karane key liye sangathanaatmak saadhan hain aur unamen naa kewal aupchaarik roop seey sangathit dall shamil hain, balki koee bhee samooh joe raajya key tantra key madhyam seey shakti kaa vaidh roop seey prayog karane key tareeke koo prabhaavit karane key liye sangathit haye. "choonki dalon kaa lakshya apane karyakramon koo vikasit yaa sweekaar karna aur sangathanon key bheetar prabhaav kii sthiti praapt karna haye, isaliye yeh spasht haye kii way kewal ack tarksangat crum key bheetar kaam karate hain jisake bheetar inn lakshyon koo praapt karna sambhav haye aur kewal tabhi jaba satta key liye sangharsh hotaa haye.
samajik kaary.
samajik kaarravaai varg kii sthiti key sanyojan mein "raajneetik yaa dall kii shakti" key seedhe sambandh mein haye. kaanoonon kaa prabhaav vargon key sadasyon kii samajik kaarravaai parr adharit hotaa haye. "hiton kii disha iss baat key anusaar bhinn hoe sakati haye kii varg kii sthiti seey aam taur parr prabhaavit logon key ack badey yaa chhote hisse kii samajik kaarravaai, yaa unake beach ack sangh, jaise.jee.ack trade union, varg kii sthiti seey baahar nikla haye, jisase vyakti apane liye ashajanak parinamon kii ummeed curr sakata haye. "jiss star parr" samajik kaarravaai "aur sambhavatah sangathan ack varg key sadasyon key saamoohik vyavhaar seey ubharate hain, vaha samanya saanskritik sthitiyon seey judaa hotaa haye, vishesh roop seey bauddhik prakaar key logon seey. isaki tulanaa pahale seey hii vikasit virodhabhason kii seema seey bhee kii jaati haye. "varg-sachet kaarravaai kii sabse adhik sambhavana taba hoti haye jaba, pahale, [webber kahate hain]" "varg sthiti" "key karanon aur parinamon key beach sambandh pardarshi yaa spasht hoe. yadi vyakti spasht roop seey dekh sakate hain kii aarthik pranali kii sanrachana key beach ack sambandh haye aur jeevan kii sambhaavanaon key mamle mein unake saath kyaa hotaa haye, tou varg kaarravaai kii adhik sambhavana haye. inn varg padon key bheetar jitani adhik sankhya hogi, unake kaary mein badhane kii sambhavana badh jaayegi.
gatishilata.
"yeh nirvivaad haye kii jiss varg kii sthiti mein pratyek vyakti khud koo paataa haye, vaha apane dayare mein ack seema kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, joe usey varg key bheetar rakhta haye. yeh ack uchch varg mein kissy bhee vriddhi key liye ack baadha key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, aur neeche diye gaye vargon key sambandh mein jall pankhon kii ack jodee key roop mein kaary kartaa haye...varg kaa prakaar, varg key sathiyon key saath sambandh, varg kii sthiti key anukool baahari sansadhanon parr shakti, aur isi tarah. poonjivaadi samaaj mein vargon key beach andolan kii sambhavana haye. isaliye kadee mehnat aur saralata key madhyam seey logon kii uchch varg mein chadhane kii kshamata koo dikhaane key liye "americi sapana" shabd kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. "varg rachana hamesha key liye badal rahee haye, iss bindu taka kii parivaaron kaa ack poori tarah seey nayaa samooh hoe sakata haye.
webber ney chaar varg dekheh adhikaar varg, gair-adhikaar varg, chhota poonjipati varg aur shaaririk shramik varg.

