nizami ganjavi

nizami ganjavi (; see. 1141-1209), nizami ganjei, nizami, yaa nezaami, jinka aupchaarik naam "jamaal adha-deen aboo muhammad ilias ibn-yousaf ibn-zakki" thaa, 12veen shatabdi key ack musalman kavi they. nezaami koo farsi saahitya mein sabse mahaan romantic mahakavya kavi maanaa jaataa haye, jinhone farsi mahakavya mein ack bolchal kii aur yathaarthvaadi shally laaee. unaki viraasat koo afghanistan, azerbaijan ganarajya, iran, kurdistan kshetra aur tajikistan dwara vyaapak roop seey saraha jaataa haye aur saajha kiya jaataa haye.
jeevan.
ack farsi parivaar mein janme, unakaa vyaktigat naam ilias thaa aur unakaa chunaa huaa kalam naam nezaami thaa (jise nizaami aur nezaami bhee kahaa jaataa haye). unakaa janm ganja (seljuk samrajya, abb azerbaijan kaa ganarajya) mein ack shahari prishthabhoomi mein huaa thaa aur maanaa jaataa haye kii unhone apana puuraa jeevan dakshin coccus mein bitaaya thaa. dee blois key anusaar, ganja ack aisaa shahar thaa jisamen usa samay mukhya roop seey irani aabaadi thee. armenian itihaaskaar kirakos gandzaketsi (see. 1200-1271) mein ullekh kiya gayaa haye kih "yeh shahar irani logon aur isaaiyon kii ack chhoti sankhya key saath ghanee aabaadi vaalaa thaa.
kyonki nezaami darbari kavi naheen they, way rajvanshon key itihas mein naheen dikhaai dete hain. tajkerah, joe saahityik sansmaranon key sankalan hain, jinamen jeevani sambandhi jaankaari aur shailiyon kii tippani key saath mahaan kaviyon key siddhant shamil hain, unhein sankshep mein sandarbhit karate hain. inn tazkereh mein iss samagri kaa adhikansh bhaag kinvadantiyon, upakhyanon aur sunee-sunai baaton parr adharit haye. natijatan, nezaami key jeevan key baare mein kuchh tathya gyaat hain, ekmatra srot unakaa apana kaam haye, joe unake vyaktigat jeevan key baare mein adhik jaankaari pradaan naheen kartaa haye.
maataa-pitaa.
nezaami jaldi anath hoe gayaa thaa aur uska paalan-poshan usake maama khwaja umar ney kiya thaa, jinhone usaki jimmedaari lii aur usey ack utkrisht shiksha pradaan kii. unaki maan, jinka naam "raasa" thaa, kurd mool kii theen. unake pitaa, jinka naam "yousaf" thaa, kaa ullekh ack baar unaki kavita mein nezaami dwara kiya gayaa haye. usee aayat mein, nezaami ney apane daadaa key naam kaa ullekh "zakki" key roop mein kiya haye. usee kavita key hisse mein, kuchh logon ney "muu 'ayed" shabd koo jakki key liye ack sheershak key roop mein liya haye, jabaki anya logon ney ise unake pardada key naam key roop mein vyakhya kii haye. kuchh sroton ney kahaa haye kii unake pitaa sambhavatah come seey hoe sakate hain. nezaami kaa ullekh farsi aur/yaa irani key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
parivaar.
nezaami ney teen baar shaadi kii thee. unaki pahali patni ack gulam kipchak thee, jise ack badey upahaar key hisse key roop mein darbar key shaasak fakhar all-deen baharamshah dwara unake paas bheja gayaa thaa. iraj bashiri key anusaar vaha nezaami kii "sabse pyaari" patni bunn gaee. unakaa ekmatra putra "mohammad" isi patni seey thaa. khosro aur shirin puuraa honey key baad unaki mrityu hoe gaee. usa samay mohammad saat varsh key they. nezaami ney apane bete kaa phir seey laili aur majnoon mein ullekh kiya aur kahaa kii abb yeh betaa 14 saal kaa haye aur "merrie aankho kaa seb" haye. haft payer" (saat sundariyaan) mein, vaha apane bete kaa bhee ullekh kartaa haye aur usey adhik jimmedaari lene kii salah detaa haye kyonki pitaa adhik kamjor hoe rhaa thaa.
20veen shatabdi key anta mein kuchh aadhunik lekhakon ney daavaa kiya haye kii iss patni koo "afaq" kahaa jaataa thaa. vaahid dastagerdi nezaami kii pahali patni key liye iss naam kaa prastaav rakhane vaale pahale lekhak prateet hotey hain, lekin nafisi (usee samay) aur ack halia srot ney nezaami key kaam mein sambandhit kavita kii iss vyakhya koo chunauti dee haye aur yeh dhaarana kii "afaak" unaki patni kaa vaastavik naam thaa aur usa kavita mein "afaak" koo ack uchit naam key bajaay "kshitij" kaa arth lene key liye liya haye. ajib baat haye kii, nezaami kii dou anya patniyon kii bhee samay seey pahale mrityu hoe gaee-pratyek kii mrityu ack mahakavya key puuraa honey key saath mell khaati haye, kavi koo yeh kahane key liye prerit karati haye, "bhagwan, aisaa kyon haye kii harr mathani key liye mujhe ack patni kaa balidan karna chaahiye!".
shiksha.
nezaami avisena key arth mein daarshanik yaa ibn arabi key arth mein saiddhaantik sufivaad key vyakhyata naheen they. haalaanki, unhein ack daarshanik aur naastik key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, jinhone islami vichaaron key vibhinn kshetron mein mahaarat hassil kii, jinhen unhone iss tarah seey sanshleshit kiya joe qutub all-deen shirazi jaise baad key hakimon kii paramparaon koo dhyaan mein laataa haye.
aksar sammaanit hakim (rishi) dwara sandarbhit, nezaami ack vidwan kavi aur ack geetaatmak aur kamuk shally key master donon hain. nezaami key adbhut seekhane key baare mein koee sandeh naheen haye. kaviyon seey kaee vishayon mein paarangat honey kii ummeed kii jaati thee; lekin aisaa lagata haye kii nezaami asadharan roop seey aisaa hii thaa. unaki kavitaon seey pataa chalata haye kii way naa kewal arabi aur farsi saahitya aur maukhik aur likhit lokpriya aur sthaaniya paramparaon seey poori tarah seey parichit they, balki ganit, khagol vigyaan, jyotish, keemiya, chikitsa, vanaspati vigyaan, coranic vyakhya, islami siddhant aur kaanoon, irani mithak aur kinvadantiyan, itihas, naitikta, darshan aur goodh vichaar, sangeet aur drishya kalaa jaise vividh kshetron seey bhee parichit they. unake majboot charitra, samajik samvedansheelta, aur maukhik aur likhit aitihaasik abhilekhon kaa gyaan, saath hii unaki samriddh farsi saanskritik viraasat poorv-islami aur islami iran koo saahityik upalabdhi key ack nae maanak key nirmaan mein ekjut karati haye. usa samay kii irani sanskriti kaa ack utpaad honey key naate, unhone naa kewal poorv-islami aur islami iran key beach ack setu banaaya, balki iran aur poore pracheen duniya key beach bhee ack setu banaaya.
prabhaav aur saahityik drishya.
nozaat all-majales" sheershak vaale sankalan kii halia khoj aur prakaashan mein usee yug key dauran uttar-paschimi iran (araan, сарон, azerbaijan; akele ganja key 24 kaviyon sahit) key nizaami aur 115 anya kaviyon seey farsi bhasha key chatushkon shamil hain. faras key anya hisson key vipareet, jahaan kavi jyaadaatar samaaj key uchch star jaise vidvaanon, naukarshahon aur sachivon seey sambandhit they, uttar-paschimi kshetron mein achchi sankhya mein kavi aam logon key beach seey aae they, joe mazdoor varg kii prishthabhoomi key they, aur way aksar apani kavitaon mein bolchal kii abhivyaktiyon kaa upayog karate they. tadnusar, pustak usa samay kii samajik sthitiyon koo darshaati haye, joe farsi bhasha aur kshetra mein sanskriti key poorna prasaar koo darshaati haye, joe kavitaon mein bolly jaane vaali muhaware aur kaee kaviyon key vyavsaayon key samanya upayog seey pramaanit hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, uttar-paschimi pahalvi bhasha kaa prabhaav, joe iss kshetra kii bolly jaane vaali bolly thee, iss sankalan mein nihit kavitaon mein spasht roop seey dekhaa gayaa haye. haalaanki, usee samay, coccus kshetra jaatiya sanskritiyon key ack advitiya mishran kaa manoranjan curr rhaa thaa. khakani kii maan ack nestorian isai thee, mojir belkani kii maan ack armenian thee, aur nezaami kii maan ack kurd thee. unake kaary iss kshetra kii saanskritik aur bhashai vividhata koo darshaate hain.
10veen shatabdi key anta taka, farsi saahitya purvi bhoomadhyasagariya seey laker sindhu key taton taka vyaapak hoe gayaa. iss kshetra kii farsi kavita kaa sabse purana maujooda udaaharan katran tabrizi (1009-1072) kaa haye, jinhone shaddadi aur rawadid rajvanshon key darbaaron mein seva kii. katran tabrizi koo pichhali shatabdi mein kuchh vidvaanon ney farsi kavita key "azerbaijan" yaa "trance-kaikauzian" school yaa "tabriz school" yaa "shirvan school" yaa "arrangian shally" key sansthaapak key roop mein varnit kiya haye. iss school ney farsi mein kavita kii ack vishisht shally kaa nirmaan kiya, joe apane alankaarik parishkaar mein "khurasani" ("purvi") shally key vipareet thee, roopak kaa iska abhinav upayog, takniki shabdawali aur isai kalpana kaa upayog, arabi shabdawali seey udhaar lete hue farsi puraatanvaad kii upasthiti, saath hii saath naee avadhaaranaaen. islam kaa vishvakosh" aur paaramparik irani saahityik sroton sahit anya sroton ney nezaami kii farsi kavita key liye "iraqi" shally shabd kaa upayog kiya haye.
seljukon ney 1075 mein shaddadi seey ganje parr niyantran curr liya aur farsi saahityik koo paschim kii or apane darbaaron mein failaaya. 12veen shatabdi key madhya mein, kshetra parr seljuk samrajya kaa niyantran kamjor hoe gayaa aur unake praantiya rajyapal, vastutah swaayatt sthaaniya rajkumaron ney apane darbaaron mein farsi sanskriti, kalaa aur kavita koo aur protsaahit kiya. farsi sanskriti iss yug mein charitragat roop seey falati-phoolati rahee, jaba raajneetik shakti fail gaee thee aur farsi praathamik bhasha bunny rahee, farsi sivil sevakon aur vyapariyon kii bahut maang thee aur pratidvandi rajvanshon ney farsi kaviyon kii seva key liye pratispardha jaari rakhee. yeh vishesh roop seey ganjeh mein sach thaa, joe kii caucasian chauki shahar thaa jahan nizaami rahata thaa. nezaami koo vibhinn shasakon dwara sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa aur unhone apane mahakavyon koo vibhinn pratidvandi rajvanshon koo samarpit kiya, jinamen seljuk, eldiguzid (jinhone 12 veen shatabdi key uttaraardh key dauran ganje parr niyantran banaae rakhaa), sirvansh, ahar aur ahmadiliyon key shaasak shamil they. haalaanki unhein vibhinn shasakon aur rajkumaron kaa sanrakshan praapt thaa, lekin way darbaaron seey bachate they aur aam taur parr maanaa jaataa haye kii unhone ack alag jeevan jiyaa thaa. choonki way darbari kavi naheen they, isaliye way rajvanshon key itihas mein naheen dikhaai dete hain, jisamen shaasak parivaaron kii ghatnaaon key naam soochibaddh hotey hain.
saahityik vidwan chelkovsky key anusaar, "aisaa lagata haye kii nezaami kaa pasandida manoranjan firdausi key smaarak mahakavya shahnameh (raajaon kii pustak) koo padhana thaa. nezaami ney fardausi kaa ullekh rishi (hakeem) aur jaankaar/buddhiman (daanaa) aur pravachan key mahaan guru key roop mein kiya, "jinhone naee dulhan kii tarah shabdon koo sajaaya haye."nezaami ney shirvansh key bete koo shaah-naama padhane aur buddhimanon kii saarthak baaton koo yaad rakhane kii salah dee. nezaami ney apane teen mahakavyon "haft pekar, khosro aur shirin" aur "eskander-naam" mein "shanmeh" kaa upayog ack srot key roop mein kiya.
vis aind ramin" kii kahani kaa bhee nezaami parr bahut prabhaav padaa. haalaanki nezaami apane adhikansh kathanakon key liye ferdausi seey aadhar letaa haye, lekin usaki bayanbaji kaa aadhar gorgani seey aataa haye. yeh vishesh roop seey "khosro aur shirin" mein dhyaan dene yogya haye, joe ack hii meater kaa haye aur "vis aur ramin" key kuchh drishyon kaa anukaran kartaa haye. jyotish key saath nezaami kii chinta kaa ack udaaharan bhee raat key akash key vistrit jyotishiya vivaran mein "vis aur ramin" mein haye. romantic parampara parr nezaami kaa sarvopari prabhaav thaa, aur kahaa jaa sakata haye kii gorgani ney iss parampara key vishisht bayanbaji aur kavyatmak vatavaran kii shuruat kii thee, jisamen soofi prabhaavon kii anupasthiti thee, joe nezaami kii mahakavya kavita mein dekhi jaati haye.
nezaami kaa pahala smaarak kaary, "makhazaan all-asrar" sanai key "hadikat all-hakika" seey prabhaavit haye. nezaami ise sweekaar kartaa haye, lekin apane kaam koo behtar maanata haye. sanai kii kavita aur nezaami key beach mukhya samaantaaen isaki naitik-daarshanik shally mein hain, halanki nezaami ack alag chhand kaa upayog kartaa haye aur poore kaam koo ack alag tareeke seey vyavasthit kartaa haye. khakani sherwani sahsi kalpana kaa, nezaami ganjavi parr aur baad vaale key madhyam seey samanya roop seey farsi kavita parr ack mahatvapurna prabhaav honah thaa.
kaam kartaa haye.
nezaami raajneetik asthirta aur gahan bauddhik gatividhi donon key yug mein rahate they, joe unaki kavitaon mein parilakshit hotaa haye; lekin unake jeevan, unake sanrakshkon key saath unake sambandhon, yaa unake karyon kii sateek tithiyon key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye, kyonki kaee kinvadantiyon ney kavi key baad key jeevanikaron key khaaton koo rung diyaa. unhone apani kavitaon koo kshetra key vibhinn shasakon koo samarpit kiya, jaisa kii mahaan kaviyon key liye usa samay kii pratha thee, lekin darbari jeevan seey parhej kiya. nezaami "masnavi" shally (dohare chhand vaale chhand) key ustaad they.
khams" yaa "panj ganj".
nizami kii mukhya kavyatmak rachana, jisake liye way sabse adhik jaane jaate hain, paanch lambi kathaa kavitaon kaa ack samooh haye jise "khams" (, 'quintet yaa quinnery') yaa "panj ganj" (, 'paanch khajaane') key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haih
inn kavitaon mein seey pahali, "makhazaan-oll-assar", sanai (dee. 1131) smaarak "satya kaa udyaan". chaar anya kavitaaen madhyayugeen prem kathaaen hain. khosro aur shirin, behram-aeye gurr, aur alekjendar dha grate, jinake paas fardovi kii "shahanmeh" mein samarpit sabhi prasang hain, yahaan phir seey nezaami kii chaar kathaa kavitaon mein seey teen key kendra mein dikhaai dete hain. jodeedaar premiyon, laila aur majnoon kaa romanch, unake chaar prem prasangon mein seey dusare kaa vishay haye, aur arabi sroton seey liya gayaa haye. inn sabhi mamalon mein, nezaami ney apane sroton seey samagri parr paryaapt tareeke seey phir seey kaam kiya.
khams" baad kii shataabdiyon mein farsi aur mugal darbaaron mein chitrit laghu chitron key saath chitrit bhavya pandulipiyon key liye ack lokpriya vishay thaa. udaharanon mein nizami kaa khams (british pustakalaya, yaa. 12208), 1590 key dashak mein mugal samrat akbar key liye banaaya gayaa thaa.
"makhazaan-oll-assar.
lagbhag 2,250 farsi distitch kii naitik-daarshanik kavitaaen airgingen key shaasak fakhar all-deen bahramshah koo samarpit theen. kahani darshan aur dharamshastra jaise goodh vishayon seey sambandhit haye. kahani mein bees pravachan hain, jinamen seey pratyek mein dhaarmik aur naitik vishayon parr ack anukaraniya kahani chitrit kii gaee haye. pratyek adhyaay kaa samaapan kavi key swayam key liye apastrophy key saath hotaa haye jisamen unakaa kalam naam hotaa haye. kavitaon kii vishay-vastu pratyek adhyaay key sheershak mein ingit kii gaee haye aur ack vishisht homilatics shally mein likhi gaee haye. aadhyatmik aur vyaavhaarik chintaon parr charcha karane vaali kahaaniyan rajaatmak nyaay, pakhand seey mukti, iss duniya key ghamand kii chetavani aur baad key jeevan key liye taiyar honey kii aavashyakta koo nirdeshit karati hain. pravachan kaa samanya sandesh yeh haye kii nezaami jeevan key aadarsh tareeke kaa prachaar kartaa haye joe bhagwan key praniyon mein sarvocch pada key vyakti key apane paathak kaa dhyaan aakarshit kartaa haye aur antim jeevan key karib aataa haye aur manushya key apane aadhyatmik gantavya key baare mein jagrook honey kii aavashyakta hoti haye. kuchh adhyaayon mein vaha ack raajaa key kartavyon koo sambodhit kartaa haye, lekin samagr roop seey vaha apane shaahi sanrakshkon key bajaay samanya maanav jaati key liye khud koo sambodhit kartaa haye. parichay mein, kavi apane ekant jaagaran kaa ack vivaran pradaan karate hain, jise khalwat kahaa jaataa haye. iss baat kaa koee sanket naheen haye kii yeye soofi jaagaran they, lekin unakaa upayog aadhyatmik roop seey jhukaav vaale kavi parr ack saahityik kalpana key roop mein kiya jaataa haye joe vaha banana chaahte they. atyadhik alankaarik shally mein, unakaa uddeshya adalaton key dharmnirpeksh saahitya kii seema koo paar karna haye. iss kaam key saath, nezaami farsi kavita key gantavya mein shamil hoe jaataa haye, joe sanai seey shuru huaa thaa aur dusaron dwara jaari rakhaa gayaa thaa, pahale sthaan parr atar dwara.
ack romantic mahakavya naheen, "rahasyon kaa khajaana" kaa anuvaad angreji mein gholam aich dwara kiya gayaa thaa. 1945 mein darab. iss praarambhik kaary key baad, nezaami ney kathaa kavita kii or rukh kiya.
"khosro oh shirin.
poorv-islami farsi mool kii ack kahani joe shahanmeh kii mahaan mahakavya-aitihaasik kavitaon mein paaee jaati haye aur ack sachchi kahani parr adharit haye jise farsi kaviyon dwara aage romantic kiya gayaa thaa. nezaami dwara chuni gaee kahani koo seljuk sultan togril dwiteeya, atabek muhammad ibn eldiguz jahan pahalavan aur unake bhaai kizzle arsalan koo samarpit kiya gayaa thaa. isamen lagbhag 6,500 vibhinn prakaar key chitra hain, kahani mein sassanian khosro dwiteeya parviz key apane armenian rajkumari shirin key prati prem koo darshaaya gayaa haye. "khusro aur shirin" raajaa khosro key rajkumari shirin key prem prasang aur usake prem-pratidvandi farhad key parajit honey kii kahani bataata haye. kahani mein ack jatil sanrachana haye jisamen kaee shailiyon kaa ack saath dohan kiya gayaa haye aur isamen kaee maukhik adaan-pradaan aur akshar hain, joe sabhi geetaatmak teevrata seey ott-prot hain. khosro apane sachche pyaar shirin mein lautane seey pahale shaaririk aur aadhyatmik roop seey lambi yaatraon koo sahan kartaa haye. antatah way shadishuda hoe jaate hain, lekin anta mein khosro koo usake bete dwara maar diyaa jaataa haye aur shirin apane maare gaye pati key shareer parr aatmahatya curr letee haye. yahaan farhad kii aakriti mein shuddh aur niswarth prem kaa pratinidhitva kiya gayaa haye, joe gupt roop seey shirin key saath pyaar mein haye, joe raajaa key krodh aur irshya kaa shikaar hoe jaataa haye.
vis oh ramin kaa prabhaav dikhaai detaa haye kyonki kavita vis oh ramin seey ack pramukh drishya (burf mein bahas karane vaale premiyon kaa) kaa anukaran karati haye, saath hii saath gorgani kii kavita key samaan meater ("hajaaj") mein bhee haye. jyotish key saath nezaami kii chinta kaa ack udaaharan raat key akash key vistrit jyotishiya vivaran mein bhee haye. badale mein, nezaami key mahaan kaam kaa baad key lekhakon parr jabardast prabhaav padaa aur iss kaam kii kaee nakal kii gaeen. poori kalaatmak aur sanrachanaatmak ekataa key saath, khosro oh shirin kaa mahakavya naa kewal nizami key liye balki sabhi farsi saahitya key liye ack mahatvapurna modd bunn gayaa.
"lealy oh majnoon.
arabi mool kii ack kahani jise baad mein faarsiyon dwara anukoolit aur alankrit kiya gayaa thaa. 4, 600 jilaaon kii kavita 1192 mein aboo all-mujafar shirvansh koo samarpit kii gaee thee, jinhone sassani raajaa key vansh kaa daavaa kiya thaa, jinake karnamon koo nezaami kii "saat sundariyon" (haft pekaar) mein pratibimbit kiya gayaa haye. yeh kavita gair-tarankit premiyon kii lokpriya arab kinvadanti parr adharit haih kavi qesa koo apane chachere bhaai laila seey pyaar hoe jaataa haye, lekin laila key pitaa ney usase shaadi karane seey roque diyaa. laila key pitaa qesa key saath sampark karane seey manaa karate hain, taaki qesa jununi hoe jaae aur saarvajanik roop seey laila key liye apane pyaar kaa gaanaa shuru curr dey. junoon itna gambhir hoe jaataa haye kii vaha laila key sandarbh mein sub kuchh dekhta haye aur mulyankan kartaa haye; isaliye uska upnaam "dha opessed" (majnun) haye. yeh mahsoos karate hue kii vaha millen praapt naheen curr sakata haye, taba bhee jaba anya loga usake liye madhyasthata karate hain, vaha samaaj chhod detaa haye aur registan mein jaanvaron key beach nagna ghoomata haye. halanki laila kii chhavi unamen itani gahari thee kii vaha khaa yaa sou naheen sakata thaa. unaki ekmatra gatividhi laila key liye lalsa kii kavita kii rachana bunn jaati haye. iss beach, laila apani ichcha key khilaf shaadi curr letee haye, lekin vaha apane pati kii pragati kaa virodh karke apane kaumarya kii raksha karati haye. majnoon key saath ack gupt baithak mein, way milate hain, lekin unakaa koee shaaririk sampark naheen hotaa haye. balki, way ack-dusare koo door seey kavita kaa paath karate hain. laila key pati kii antatah mrityu hoe jaati haye, joe ack vaidh sangh key liye kanuni baadhaon koo door kartaa haye. haalaanki, majnoon apane dimag mein laila kii aadarsh tasveer parr itna dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye kii vaha phir seey registan mein bhaag gayaa. laila dukh seey marr jaati haye aur usey apani dulhan kii poshak mein dafnaya jaataa haye. iss khabar koo sunkar, majun usaki kabr parr bhaagata haye, jahan vaha turant marr jaataa haye. unhein buggle mein dafnaya jaataa haye aur unaki kabr teerthsthal bunn jaati haye. koee sapana dekhta haye kii swarg mein way ekjut hain aur ack raajaa aur raani key roop mein rahate hain.
nezaami ney shirvansh akhsatan key anurodh parr apane romans kii rachana kii. shuru mein, unhein sandeh thaa kii ack arab ladke kii peedaa aur dard key baare mein yeh saral kahani joe ubad-khabad pahaadon mein ghoomata haye aur registanon mein jalata haye, shaahi darbar kii kavita aur usake susanskrit darshakon key liye ack upayukt vishay hoga. yeh unake bete ney hii unhein pariyojana shuru karane key liye raaji kiya, yeh kahate hue kii "jahan bhee prem kii kahaaniyan padhee jaati hain, yeh unhein masala dega. nezaami ney kahani mein kaee arabi upakhyanon kaa upayog kiya, lekin kinvadanti mein ack majboot farsi swaad bhee jodata haye.
laila aur majun kaa ack mahatvapurna pahalu kavi kaa atyadhik maanviya drishtikon haye. yuddh key dauran majnoon key paksh mein naval dwara, baad vaalaa yuddh kii samaapti kii kaamana karate hue nakhush haye. majun ack gajel aur ack haathi koo bachaane key liye apana ghodaa aur pyaar detaa haye.
nezaami ney farsi mahakavya parampara seey lii gaee kaee takneekon koo jodkar kavita koo ack farsi charitra diyaa, jaise paatron kaa chitran, paatron key beach sambandh, samay aur setting kaa vivaran, aadi. isake alawa, unhone majnoon key baare mein vibhinn kahaaniyon koo ack achchi tarah seey taiyar farsi romantic mahakavya key anuroop banaaya.
"nizaami dwara laila aur majnoon kii kahani", koo islami sanskriti key swiss vidwan rudolf jelpke dwara sampaadit aur angreji mein anuvaadit kiya gayaa thaa aur 1966 mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. angreji mein ack vyaapak vishleshan jisamen nezaami key romans "laila aur majnoon" key aanshik anuvaad they, jisamen mukhya paatron key vishleshan key madhyam seey pavitrata, sthirata aur peedaa jaise pramukh vishayon kii jaanch kii gaee thee, jise allie asgar sayed-gohrab dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa.
"eskander-nemeh.
alekjendar dha grate key romans mein 10,500 vibhinn prakaar key hain. iss baat parr matbhed hain kii kyaa yeh yaa "haft pekar" nezaami kaa antim mahakavya thaa. isake samarpit logon key naam anishchit hain, lekin ahar key shaasak, nosart all-deen bishkin bee. mohammad kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye. yeh kahani alekjendar dha grate key baare mein vikasit islami mithakon parr adharit haye, joe kurran key sandarbhon seey laker dhul-carnan key saath-saath chhadm-calisthonies key yunani alekjendar romans seey praapt hoti haye. isamen dou pustaken hain, sharaf-naama aur ikbal-naam. kavita sikander key jeevan key teen charanon kaa varnan karati haih pahale duniya key vijeta key roop mein; phir gyaan key baad ack saadhak key roop mein, apani agyaantaa koo sweekaar karane key liye paryaapt gyaan praapt karna; aur anta mein ack paigambar key roop mein, ack baar phir duniya bhar mein, paschim seey poorv aur dakshin seey uttar kii yatra karate hue, apane ekeshwarwadi panth koo duniya mein badey paimaane parr ghoshit karane key liye. sharaf-naama mein alekjendar key janm, rumm (grees) key simhaasan parr usake uttaradhikar, misra parr aakraman karane vaale africiyon key khilaf usake yuddh, faras parr usaki vijay aur darius kii betty key saath usake vivaah parr charcha kii gaee haye. iss prakaran mein sikander kii makka kii tirthayatra, coccus mein unake thaharane aur barda kii raani nushaba aur unake amezan key darbar kii yatra parr bhee charcha kii gaee haye. alekjendar bhaarat, chean aur roose kii bhoomi parr vijay praapt kartaa haye. sharafnama amar jeevan key paani key liye alekjendar kii asafal khoj key saath samaapt hotaa haye.
ikbal-namah ack aadarsh shaasak key roop mein alekjendar key vyaktigat vikas kaa varnan haye joe antatah plato key ganarajya seey islami madhyasthon key madhyam seey praapt kiya gayaa haye. unhone yunani aur bhaaratiya daarshnikon key saath bahas kii haye (see.aff. garshaspanama key saath) aur paath kaa ack badaa hissa saat yunani rishiyon key saath unake pravachanon key liye samarpit haye. kavi taba sikander key anta key baare mein bataata haye aur saat rishiyon mein seey pratyek kii mrityu kii paristhitiyon kaa vivaran jodata haye. nezaami kii alekjendar kii chhavi ack irani shurveer kii haye.
heinry wilberforce-clark dwara sharaf-naama kaa ack angreji anuvaad 1881 mein "sikander naama aeye baaraa" sheershak key tahat prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh online upalabdh haye.
"haft payer".
farsi mool kii ack poorv-islami kahani, yeh maragha key shaasak, 'alaa' all-deen corp arsalan koo samarpit thee. yeh behram banaam, sasani raajaa kii kahani haye, joe bees saal kii nihsantaantaa aur ack bachche key liye ahura mazdaa seey prarthana key baad yajdegar seey paida huaa haye. haft payer sasani farsi samrajya key shaasak behram gurr kii ack romantic jeevani haye. unake saahasik jeevan kaa ilaaj pahale seey hii shahnama mein ferdausi dwara kiya jaa chuka thaa, jiss tathya kaa nezaami kaee baar sanket detaa haye. samanya taur parr, unakaa tarika una prasangon koo chhodana haye jinhen pahale key kavi ney varnit kiya thaa, yaa una parr kewal bahut sankshep mein sparsh karna, aur naee samagri parr dhyaan kendrit karna haye. kavi ney behram gurr key janm aur arab raajaa noman aur unake kalpit mahal khawaranak key darbar mein unaki parvarish kaa vivaran dekar shuruat kii. behram jisaki parvarish kissy koo naheen saunpi jaati haye, vaha ack durjeya shikari bunn jaataa haye. kalpit mahal mein ghoomate hue, usey ack bund kamare kii khoj hoti haye jisamen saat rajkumariyon kaa chitran hotaa haye; isaliye iska naam haft pekar (saat sundariyaan) rakhaa gayaa haye. inn rajkumariyon mein seey pratyek saat alag-alag jalavaayu (prithvi key paaramparik parsi-islami vibhajan) seey haye aur usey unase pyaar hoe jaataa haye. usake pitaa yajdegarad pratham kaa nidhan hoe jaataa haye aur behram naatak karane vaalon seey apane simhaasan kaa daavaa karane key liye faras lautata haye. kuchh prakarnon key baad unhein raajaa key roop mein pahachaana jaataa haye aur way faarsiyon koo akaal seey bachaate hain. ack baar jaba desh sthir hoe jaataa haye, tou raajaa saat rajkumariyon kii talash kartaa haye aur unhein apani dulhan key roop mein jeetata haye. unake vastukar koo unaki pratyek naee dulhan key liye saat gumbad banaane kaa adesh diyaa jaataa haye. vastukar unhein bataata haye kii saat jalavaayu mein seey pratyek parr saat grahon (parsi-islami duniya kii shaastriya grah pranali) mein seey ack kaa shasson haye aur usey pratyek gumbad koo usa rung seey sajaakar saubhagya kaa ashvasana dene kii salah detaa haye joe pratyek jalavaayu aur grah seey judaa huaa haye. behram sandehwadi haye lekin vastukar kii salah kaa paalan kartaa haye. rajkumari shandar mandapon mein nivaas karati hain. pratyek yatra parr, raajaa saptah key lagaatar dinon mein rajkumariyon seey milane jaataa haye; shaniwar koo bhaaratiya rajkumari, joe shaniwar aur isi tarah seey shaasit hoti haye. rajkumariyon key naam hain furak (noorak), bhaarat key raajaa kii betty, chandrama kii tarah sunder; yaghma naaj, turkon key khakan kii betty; naaz purry, khwarazam key raajaa kii betty; nasreen nush, slaav key raajaa kii betty; azarbin (azareon), morakko key raajaa kii betty; humaay, roman seasure kii betty; aur diroste (swasth), kaay kaa 'usa key ghar kii ack sunder irani rajkumari. pratyek rajkumari raajaa seey apane-apane rung key mood seey mell khaane vaali kahani bataati haye. inn saat khubsurati seey nirmit, atyadhik kamuk kahaaniyon ney poori kavita key lagbhag aadhe hisse koo apane kabje mein leey liya haye. jabaki raajaa saat dulhanon key saath vyast haye, uska dusht mantri raajya mein satta parr kabja curr letaa haye. behram gurr koo pataa chalata haye kii faras key mamle avyavasthit hain, khajaana khaali haye aur padosi shasakon koo aakraman karane key liye prastut kiya jaataa haye. vaha pahale shikaar karke apana munn saaf kartaa haye. shikaar seey lautane key baad, vaha ack pedh seey ack latakata huaa kutta dekhta haye. kutte kaa malik, joe charwaha thaa, kahani bataata haye kii kaise usake wafadar prahari ney yaun anugrah key badale mein apane jhund koo ack bhediye key saath dhokha diyaa thaa. vaha bhrasht mantri kii jaanch shuru kartaa haye aur shikayaton kii bheed seey, vaha saat kaa chayan kartaa haye joe usey bataate hain kii unhone kyaa anyaay jhelaa haye. mantri koo baad mein maar diyaa jaataa haye aur behram gurr nyaay bahaal kartaa haye aur saat sukh-gumbadon koo bhagwan kii khushi key liye agni mandiron mein parivartit karane kaa adesh detaa haye. behram taba aakhiri baar shikaar karane jaataa haye lekin rahasyamay tareeke seey gayab hoe jaataa haye. shabdon parr ack shlesh key roop mein, jangli gadhe ("gurr") kaa shikaar karane kii koshish karate hue vaha apani kabr ("gurr") paataa haye.
ritter, aalochanatmak sanskaran key apane parichay mein ise iss prakaar varnit kartaa haih "naee farsi kavita mein sabse achchha aur sabse sunder mahakavya aur usee samay [. . .] poore praachya indo-europeeya saahitya kii sabse mahatvapurna kavya rachanaon mein seey ack. haft payer koo kavi kii utkrisht kriti maanaa jaataa haye. kull milakar, nezaami brahmand key sadbhaav, pavitra aur apavitra kii aatmiyata aur pracheen aur islami iran kii sahamati koo darshaata haye.
iss kahani kaa anuvaad 1924 mein charles edward willson dwara angreji mein kiya gayaa thaa. adhik poorna pandulipiyon parr adharit ack nayaa angreji pratipaadan 1995 mein juulii scott meysamy dwara puuraa kiya gayaa thaa.
nimnalikhit panktiyaan ack ansh (mool farsi) prastut karati hainh
anya kavitaaen.
unaki farsi geet kavita kaa kewal ack chhota saa sangrah, mukhya roop seey kasidah ("odd") aur gazalon ("geet") butch gaye hain. unake duss chatushkonon koo ganje key 23 anya kaviyon key saath jamaal khalil shirwani dwara nozaat all-majales (jise 1250 key aspas sankalit kiya gayaa thaa) sankalan mein bhee darj kiya gayaa haye. nezaami kii ack prasiddh gajal param aadhyatmik lakshya taka pahunchane key maarg key roop mein paropkar key baare mein baat karati haih
viraasat.
nizami, jinaki sabhi kritiyaan farsi mein likhi gaee hain, kii iran, afghanistan aur tajikistan mein bahut uchch pratishtha haye, jahan farsi aadhikarik bhasha haye. unaki kavita vishesh roop seey iran mein achchi tarah seey jaani jaati haye, aur azerbaijan mein bhee bahut lokpriya haye, jahan unakaa janmasthan aur makbara sthit haye. vaha anya deshon mein, vishesh roop seey bhaarat aur pakistan mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
farsi sanskriti.
farsi saahitya key baad key vikas parr nezaami key kaam kaa prabhaav bahut adhik rhaa haye aur khamseh ack aisaa pattern bunn gayaa haye jiska anukaran baad kii farsi kavitaon (aur anya islami saahityon mein bhee) mein kiya gayaa thaa. islami duniya mein nezaami kii viraasat vyaapak roop seey mahsoos kii jaati haye aur unaki kavita ney kaee anya bhaashaon key beach farsi, arabi, turkey, kurdish aur urdu kavita key vikas koo prabhaavit kiya haye.
farsi laghu chitrakala key itihas mein, nezaami kii kavitaon mein fardausi kii "shahnama" kii kahaaniyon key saath-saath sabse adhik sachitra saahityik kritiyaan rahee hain. encyclopaedia britannica key anusaar, nezaami koo "farsi bhashi deshon mein unaki maulikta aur shally kii spashtata key liye saraha jaataa haye, halanki bhasha key prati unake pyaar aur daarshanik aur vaigyaanik shiksha key kaaran unakaa kaam ausat paathak key liye kathin hoe jaataa haye."nezaami ney farsi bhasha aur paschimi vishvakoshon jaise kii islam kaa vishvakosh, vishvakosh iranica, vishvakosh britannica mein apane chhand likhe aur kaee deshon key praachyavaadi nezaami koo ack mahatvapurna farsi kavi maanate hain aur unhein farsi saahitya mein romantic mahakavya kavita kaa sabse badaa pratipaadak maanate hain.
kaee ullekhaniya kaviyon mein jinhone nezaami key "paanch khajaane" koo apane model key roop mein liya haye, unamen ameer khusro, jalal farhani, khwaju karmani, mohammad katebi tarr-shirini, abdul rahman jaami, nafrat jamee, vahshi bafaki, maktabi shirazi, allie-shir naavi, abdul kadir-aeye bedel dehlavi, fuzli, hashmi karmani, fayeezee, jamali aur ahmed khaani kaa ullekh kiya jaa sakata haye. naa kewal kavi, balki ravandi jaise itihaaskaar bhee nezaami kii kavita seey prabhaavit they aur unhone apani kavitaon koo itihas prastut karane key liye ack srot key roop mein istemal kiya. inke alawa, kaee kaviyon ney "makhazaan all-asrar" kii pahali pankti key saath apani rachana shuru kii haye.
rudolf jelpke key anusaar, "baad key kaee kaviyon ney nizami key kaam kii nakal kii haye, bhale hii way barabar naheen hoe sakate they aur nishchit roop seey ise paar naheen curr sakate they; farsi, turk, bhaaratiya, kewal sabse mahatvapurna logon key naam hain. farsi vidwan hikmat ney "laili aur majnoon" key chaalees farsi aur terah turkey sanskaranon koo soochibaddh kiya haye."
vaahid dastagerdi key anusaar, "yadi koee sabhi maujooda pustakalayon kii khoj karega, tou shayed" laila aur majnoon "key 1000 seey adhik sanskaran milenge."
jaami ney apane nafahtol mein tippani kii haih "halanki satah parr nezaami kaa adhikansh kaam romans prateet hotaa haye, vaastav mein way aavashyak satyon aur divya gyaan kii vyakhya key liye ack mukhauta hain."
jaami ney apane bahrestan mein ullekh kiya haye kii "nezaami kii utkrishtata soorya seey adhik prakat haye aur ise varnan kii koee aavashyakta naheen haye. german tippani kii haashemeeh kavita key samrajya ney nizami key sunder chhandon seey apana kaanoon aur vyavastha praapt kii aur nizami key mook bhaashan key saamane shabdon koo prastut karna samay kii barbadi haye."
bhaaratiya upmahadweep mein ganjawi kavitaaen.
bhaaratiya upmahadweep mein ganjavi kii kavitaaen bahut lokpriya theen. farsi bhasha aur saahitya kaa poore bhaaratiya upmahadweep parr bahut prabhaav padaa haye. nizami ganjavi kii nakal kaee kaviyon ney unaki anoothi shally aur kavita kii bhasha key kaaran kii haye. jinn kaviyon ney ganjavi key vato kii nakal kii haye, unamen shamil hainh ameer khusro dilli, khwaju karmeni, jaami, nafrat, ghasemi, vahshi bafki, 'orphi shirazi, maktabi, faizi, ashraf maragi, azar bigdeli, badriddin hilali, roomi germani, maulana navidi shirazi aur salman sawaji.
ameer khusro dehlavi ney apani kavitaon mein prashansa kii kalaa mein mahaarat hassil karane vaale key roop mein ganjavi kii prashansa kii haye.
ameer khusro likhate hainh
"shabdon key raajya key shaasak, prasiddh naayak,
vidwan aur kavi, unake goblet [kaanch] key toast.
isamen-shuddh sharaab, yeh nashe mein meethi haye,
phir bhee hamaare buggle mein gublet [kaanch] mein-kewal keechad vaali setting."
pustak key anusaar, bhaaratiya rashtrapati bhawan key sabse mahatvapurna holl, ashok holl mein rashtrapati bhawan mein bhaaratiya smarakon parr farsi shilalekhon key anusaar, farsi kavitaon koo iran yaa faras key chitron jaise kii fateh allie shaah, shaah kajaar aur hafez, khayyam aur nezaami ganjavi kii kavitaon seey likhaa aur sajaaya gayaa thaa. nezaami ganjavi kaa ack badaa tail chitra aur rashtrapati bhawan key ashok holl key donon or ack farsi mahila kaa ack badaa chitra.
baad kii shataabdiyon mein farsi aur mugal darbaaron mein chitrit laghu chitron key saath bhavya pandulipiyon key liye khams ack lokpriya vishay thaa. udaharanon mein nizami kaa khams (british pustakalaya, yaa. 12208), 1590 key dashak mein mugal (gurkani) samrat akbar key liye banaaya gayaa thaa.
soviyat sangh.
1940 key dashak kii shuruat mein aur nizami ganjawi kii 800 veen varshgaanth key avsar parr, azerbaijani sangeetkaar uzair hajibeyov ney "saat sundariyon" key baare mein nizami kii kavita key aadhar parr saat gaane likhane kii yojana banaai. haalaanki, hajibeyov ney kewal dou geet likheh "sensiz" (aapke binaa, 1941) aur "sevgili jaanan" (priya, 1943). ack anya azerbaijani sangeetkaar gaaraa garaayev ney nizami kii isi naam kii kavita parr adharit 1947-48 mein saat sundariyon (baile) kii rachana kii, jisane antarrashtriya prashansa hassil kii. unhone lealy aur majnun (baile) kii bhee rachana kii jiska premiere 25 maee 1969 koo baaku mein azerbaijan raajya shaikshanik opera aur baile theatre mein huaa aur baad mein ise ack film key roop mein record kiya gayaa. 
3770 nizami naamak ack chhote seey grah kii khoj soviyat khagolshastri ludemilla chernikh ney 1974 mein kii thee aur uska naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. isake alawa, baaku mein azerbaijan saahitya key sangrahalaya kaa naam nizami key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
azerbaijan.
nezaami koo azerbaijani 500 manat banknote key agrabhag parr chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. 2008 mein, unaki mrityu kii 800 veen varshgaanth key avsar parr, azerbaijan key rashtriya baink ney unaki smriti mein samarpit 100 manat soney kaa smaarak sikka banaaya.
nizaami saahitya sangrahalaya azerbaijan ganarajya key baaku mein sthit haye. baaku metro stations mein seey ack kaa naam bhee nizami ganjavi key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye. baaku mein nizami key naam parr ack saahitya sansthaan aur nizami key naam parr ack cinema haye. baaku key jilon mein seey ack koo nizami raayan kahaa jaataa haye. nizaami ganjawi kaa jeevan azerbaijani film "nizaami" (1982) mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, jisamen nizaami ganjawi kii pramukh bhoomika muslim magomayev ney nibhai thee. nizami key sammaan mein banaaya gayaa nizami makbara azerbaijan mein ganja shahar key thheek baahar sthit haye. yeh ack oonchi belnakar imarat haye, joe bageechon seey ghiri hui haye. ack taraf, nizami kii mahakavya kavitaon kii yaad mein ack dhaatu kii moorti haye. makbara mool roop seey 1947 mein ack puraane dhaha gaye makbare key sthaan parr banaaya gayaa thaa aur apane vartamaan roop mein punarnirmit kiya gayaa thaa jaba 1991 mein soviyat sangh key patan key baad azerbaijani ganarajya ney apani swatantrata hassil kii thee.
nezaami key smaarak azerbaijan aur iran ganarajya key kaee shaharon key saath-saath masco, sent mein paae jaate hain. pietersberg aur udmurtiya (roose), kyiv (ukraine), beijing (chean), tashkand (uzbekistan), marneuli (georgia), chininyu (moldova), rome (itali).
2021 koo desh mein "nizami ganjavi kaa varsh" ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa.
paschimi swaagat.
german kavi aur lekhak johann wolfgang wonn goethe ney likhaah "ack komal, atyadhik pratibhashali aatma, jisane, jaba ferdovi ney sangrahit veertapurna paramparaon koo puuraa kiya thaa, tou apani kavitaon kii samagri koo sabse gahare pyaar kii madhur mulakaton key liye chunaa. "majnoon aur laili", "khosro aur shirin", premi joe unhone prastut kiye; ack dusare key liye poorv soochana, niyati, prakriti, aadat, jhukaav, ack dusare key prati dridh roop seey samarpit junoon seey; lekin pagal vichaaron, jiddipan, avsar, aavashyakta aur bull seey vibhajit, phir chamatkaarik roop seey phir seey mill gaye, phir bhee anta mein ack yaa dusare tareeke seey phir seey alag hoe gaye aur ack dusare seey alag hoe gaye."
apani kavita key paath key sambandh mein, peater chelkovsky kahate hainh "unaki saahityik viraasat kaa kanthpaath aur paath hamesha irani logon key liye mahatvapurna rhaa haye, jinka drishtikon likhit aur boley jaane vaale shabd kii shakti key prati shraddhapurna haye. aaj bhee radio aur television, chaaygharon, saahityik samajon, dainik baatchit aur "mushareh", kavita paath pratiyogita mein kavita key liye rashtriya junoon lagaatar vyakt kiya jaataa haye. nizami kaa kaam ack vaahan aur iss parampara key prateek key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, kyonki yeh saarvbhaumiktaa koo gahari jadon vaale kalaatmak prayaas, nyaay kii bhavna aur kalaa aur vigyaan key liye junoon key saath aadhyatmikta aur vaastavik dharmanishtha key saath ekjut kartaa haye. roopak kii samriddhi aur baarikiyon, sateekta aur manovaigyaanik avalokan kii gahanata aur kahani kahane key vishuddh guna key liye, nizami asman haye.
nezaami kii "laila aur majnoon" kii kahani ney erich clapton dwara hitt ekal key liye naam bhee pradaan kiya, jise "laila" bhee kahaa jaataa haye. samooh derek aur dominos key saath record kiya gayaa, yeh geet 1970 key album "laila aur anya mishrit prem geeton" parr jaari kiya gayaa thaa. album nezaami aur unake ektarafa prem kii kavita seey prabhaavit thaa. album kaa paanchvaan geet, "aaee aim yore", nezaami kii ack kavita parr adharit thaa, jise clapton dwara sangeet diyaa gayaa thaa.
2004 mein cambridge vishvavidyalaya mein nezaami parr ack sammelan aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. iss sammelan kii kaaryavaahi 2011 mein "nijaamih hakeem key khajaane kii kunji" sheershak key tahat prakaashit kii gaee thee.

