spen mein shram divas

spen mein shram divas, jise vahaan dia dell trabazader yaa primero dee meyo key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, pahali baar 1 maee, 1889 koo manaaya gayaa thaa. jiss tarah seey spanired primero dee meyo manaate hain, vaha taba seey bahut bhinn haye, mukhya roop seey francovadi raajya key kaaran, joe 1936 seey 1975 taka chalaa thaa. pratibandhit honey key 4 dashakon key baad, 1978 mein utsav koo antatah phir seey vaidh banaa diyaa gayaa aur rashtriya avkash key roop mein phir seey sthaapit kiya gayaa, aur taba seey harr primero dee meyo koo poore desh mein virodh aur abhivyaktiyon dwara chihnit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen samajik pragati manai jaati haye aur shramikon key adhikaaron koo sanshodhit kiya jaataa haye.
vikas.
mool.
spen key primero dee meyo kii tarikh kaa mool antarrashtriya shramik divas key samaan haih 1886 mein shikago mein ghaas key bajar kaa mamla. sanyukt raajya america mein karmchari aprail seey 8 ghante key kaary divas kii maang curr rahey they, aur aggar niyoktaon ney samjhauta naheen kiya tou 1 maee seey hadtaal shuru karane kii dhamki dee. shikago mein, hadtaal atirikt 3 dinon taka chully, aur 4 maee koo pradarshankariyon aur pulis key beach hinsak jhadap mein badal gaee. ack bumm jisane kaee puliskarmiyon koo maar daala, usake kaaran 30 seey adhik logon koo kaid kiya gayaa aur 5 abhiyukt nagrikon kii hatyaa curr dee gaee, jisake kaaran duniya bhar kii sarkaaron dwara shramikon key adhikaaron key baare mein gambhir charcha hui. anta mein, 1889 mein, dusare antarrashtriya samajwadi shramik congress dwara 1 maee koo antarrashtriya shramik divas ghoshit kiya gayaa. usee varsh peris mein aayojit ack sammelan mein spen ney apana pahala dia dell trabazader manaaya, jise spanish shram andolan dwara dou alag-alag maargon key madhyam seey apanaaya gayaa thaah samajvadiyon ney hinsa seey bachane key dauran aabaadi key usa kshetra kaa samarthan karane key prayaas mein ack 'laber party' fenk dee, aur arajaktawadi ack krantikari hadtaal kaa ahwan kiya.
primero dee meyo kaa parichay.
pahale dinn key liye, samajwadi chintit they kii sanket 1 maee parr paryaapt bhagidari naheen hogi, aur isaliye ravivaar, 4 maee koo abhivyakti key ayojan kii yojana banaa rahey they. haalaanki, unaki chinta anaavashyak saabit hui, kyonki shramik varg pahale seey hii 1 maee koo abhivyaktiyon key liye khud koo vyavasthit curr rhaa thaa, kyonki sabhi ney varsh kii shuruat mein peris mein aayojit sammelan mein kiye gaye nirnay key baare mein sunaa thaa. arajaktawadi bhee 1 maee koo apana virodh pradarshan karane kii yojana banaa rahey they, kyonki ise antarrashtriya shramik divas key roop mein taya kiya gayaa thaa.
spen key pahale primero dee meyo key liye, dou alag-alag abhivyaktiyaan madrid mein huin, samajwadi aur arajaktawadi, joe alag-alag maargon parr they. samajvadiyon ney hajaaron shramikon koo sangathit kiya, jinhone ack saarvajanik baithak key baad apane sanshodhanon koo dene key liye mantriparishad kii or cooch kiya, phir chhote virodh pradarshanon mein bhang hoe gaye. arajaktavadiyon ney congress key pratinidhiyon key adhyaksh koo apane punareekshan dene key liye march karane seey pahale saarvajanik baithakon mein bhee bhaag liya.
madrid mein honey vaali abhivyaktiyon mein koee ullekhaniya sangharsh shamil naheen thaa, lekin desh key anya sthaanon parr hinsa dekhi gaee. bask desh mein samajvadiyon ney maee key pahale kuchh dinon key liye kaee krityon kaa ayojan kiya thaa, jisake kaaran virodh key kaee mukhya netaaon kii chhantani hui thee. isake kaaran kaee shramik hadtaal parr chaley gaye, jisase kshetra mein aam hadtaal hoe gaee. adhik virodh aur hinsa key saath, bask desh mein yuddh kii sthiti ghoshit curr dee gaee aur tanaav 21 maee taka cumm naheen honey lagaa. samajvadiyon koo ack chhota kaam kaa dinn mill gayaa, lekin unake anya lakshyon mein seey ack, cantene aur bairak kaa daman, agale saal taka intezar karna hoga. valencia, barcelona, catalonia aur kaee anya sthaanon mein arajaktawadi upasthiti ney bhee hadtaal aur hinsa kaa kaaran banaa, jisase maalikon ney karkhanon koo bund curr diyaa aur nagrik rakshak hastakshep koo aakarshit kiya, lekin jeet yahaan utani spasht naheen thee jitani samajwadi party key liye thee.
spen key pahale dinn dell trabazader ney nirvivaad safalata dikhaai, bhale hii harr jagah vishisht laabh naheen dekhe gaye they, sarkaar aur vyaktigat malik donon iss tathya key prati sachet hoe gaye kii shramik varg koo dhyaan dene kii aavashyakta thee. haalaanki, utsav dwara laaee gaee hinsa key kaaran spanish sarkaar ney saarvajanik abhivyaktiyon koo pratibandhit curr diyaa, jiska arth thaa kii 1890 mein primero dee meyo bahut cumm romanchak aur sangathit thaa jaisa kii yeh ack saal pahale thaa. kaanoon kaa sammaan karate hue, samajvadiyon ney apana dinn kaam seey chhutti aur niji utsav taka seemit curr diyaa, jabaki arajaktavadiyon ney apani ack divasiya hadtaal koo banaae rakhaa. lekin agale varsh, yeh ghoshit kiya gayaa kii 1 maee koo ack antarrashtriya abhivyakti divas hoga, aur donon samoohon koo apane samarohon mein bhaag lene key liye punarvichaar karna hoga. kaanoon koo tode binaa bhaag lene key iraade seey, samajvadiyon ney shantivad key mahatva koo dohrate hue, samajik kraantiyon kaa ullekh naheen karane vaale samarohon mein shram kaanoonon aur adhikaaron key liye ladane parr dhyaan kendrit karane kaa faisala kiya. virodh karane aur kranti kii talash karane mein asamarthata kaa saamana karna padaa, taba seey arajaktavadiyon ney primero dee meyo mein bhaag lene mein ruchi khou dee.
aadhikarik avkash.
bhale hii ell dia dell trabazader kii utpatti 1889 mein spen mein hui thee, lekin dusare ganarajya kii shuruat key saath 1931 taka ise aadhikarik avkash ghoshit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. spen key tatkalin shram mantri largo cabellero ney prastaav diyaa thaa kii tarikh koo aadhikarik avkash banaaya jaae, aur dusare ganarajya kii ghoshana key hafton key bheetar prastaav koo sweekaar curr liya gayaa. sweekriti parr, anumaanit 300,000 logon ney 'ganarajya' (iss tarah key kapade pahane ack ladki dwara pratinidhitva) key netritva mein madrid mein march kiya, jahaan rashtrapati nikoto alkala-zamora ney 'samajik virodh key anta' kaa jashn manaaya. iss ghoshana key saath, desh bhar key shramikon kii shikaayaten aur anurodh seedhe sarkaar key paas jaayenge, jisase saarvajanik shakti kii ack naee 'lahar' aaa jaayegi.
franco kaa primero dee meyo.
1936 seey 1939 taka chaley spanish grihyuddh key beach mein, franco ney 12 aprail, 1937 koo ack farman key saath primero dee meyo key avkash koo samaapt curr diyaa, jisamen yeh bhee kahaa gayaa thaa kii "trabazo nacional" yaa rashtriya shram koo samarpit ack nayaa avkash baad mein ghoshit kiya jaayega. march 1938 mein "furo dell trabazo", yaa shram sanhita, prakaashit kii gaee thee, yeh sthaapit karate hue kii spen abb 18 julaai, unake janmadin parr aayojit honey vaale "fiesta day laa exaltasian dell trabazo", yaa shram prashansa party kaa jashn manaayega. choonki gantantra kshetra yuddh key beach vaastavik virodh pradarshan aayojit karane kii sthiti mein naheen thaa, isaliye agale kaee varshon taka kewal chhote, gupt kaary (jyaadaatar cinemagharon mein) franco kii senaa key khilaf mazdoor varg kii ladaai kaa jashn manaane key liye aayojit kiye gaye they.
yuddh samaapt honey key baad, yuddh key dauran kuchh gupt gatividhi rakhane vaale shram sangathanon ney primero dee meyo key samarohon kii vaapsee key liye ladane key liye nae virodh pradarshanon koo phir seey aayojit karna shuru curr diyaa. 1947 mein biske mein ack ullekhaniya virodh thaa, jisane yuddh key kaaran uchch jeevan yapan laagat aur cumm vetan key saath aabaadi key saamane aaney vaali samasyaon koo prakaash mein laaya. inmein seey koee bhee virodh pradarshan jald hii shramik varg mein koee mahatvapurna sudhaar naheen laayega, kyonki unamen seey adhikansh koo franco dwara bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
franco dwara primero dee meyo koo samaapt karane key lagbhag 20 saal baad, catholic church ney hastakshep kiya. 1955 mein, pope payas xii ney 1 maee koo fiesta dee saine jose artesano key roop mein naamit karane kaa faisala kiya, jise saine jose obrero key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, aur franco ney agale varsh mein chhutti koo shamil kiya. 1956 kii shuruat mein, shramikon key adhikaaron key paksh mein abhivyaktiyon koo shramikon key sanrakshak sant banane key sammaan mein poore desh key churchon mein janata dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 1957 mein shuru hue spen key shiksha aur vishram sangh sangathan ney ack 'sangh pradarshan' kaa ayojan karna shuru kiya, ack prakaar kii kalaa pradarshani jahaan shramikon key samooh khel khelate they aur chamartin stadium mein caudillo key liye nritya karate they. iska uddeshya kaam key baahar athletic aur kalaatmak gatividhiyon koo badhaava denaa aur shramikon koo 'samajhdaar' rakhane mein madad karna thaa, lekin yeh lambe samay taka naheen chalaa.
1960 key dashak mein, shram andolan key aayogon key obreraon ney ack nae virodh 'parampara' koo phir seey sakriya kiya, jisamen 1 maee koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa. 1 maee key badey abhivyaktiyon key bajaay, virodh koo atirikt viram, saarvajanik parivahan kaa bahishkaar aur 30 aprail koo karkhanon mein maun key kshanon key madhyam seey vyakt kiya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, 1 maee koo hii, urdhvaadhar sangh key saamane chhoti sabhaaen aayojit kii gaeen. francois raajya kii pratikriya pahale virodh key kissy bhee kaary mein shamil logon koo hirasat mein lene aur nilambit karane key liye thee, lekin kuchh varshon key badhe hue samarthan key baad, pratikriya nivaarak bunn gaeeh iss tarah key pradarshanon mein shamil honey key record vaale kissy bhee vyakti koo 30 aprail seey pahale hirasat mein liya gayaa thaa aur kissy bhee virodh key anta taka rakhaa gayaa thaa. isase pichhale kuchh varshon mein iss tarah key virodh pradarshanon mein bhagidari cumm hui, isaliye yeye bhee shramikon mein sudhaar laane mein whiffle rahey.
spen key baahar, yuddh key sharanarthiyon aur franco dwara nirvaasit logon ney primero dee meyo kaa jashn manana jaari rakhaa, jisase unhein spanish raajya kii ninda karane kii anumati millie. spen key baahar ack ullekhaniya pramukh primero dee meyo sangathan 1954 mein france key marce mein thaa, jise spanish samajwadi karyakarta party dwara franco key shasson key virodh mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh bhee aam baat thee kii nirvaasit spaniard mexico aur france jaise deshon mein virodh pradarshanon mein apane swayam key banner pakade hue, shram abhivyaktiyon mein khud koo shamil karate hain.
post-franco.
1975 mein franco kii mrityu aur loktantra mein sankraman key baad, primero dee meyo koo thodaa adhik swatantra roop seey manaaya gayaa, halanki abhee bhee ack maanyata praapt avkash naheen thaa. aadhikarik roop seey phir seey maanyata milane seey pahale hii, halanki, ack sattawadi ikai kii kamee koo lagaatar shramik varg kii shikayaton koo dabaane key liye sahee disha mein ack badey kadam key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. 1977 mein primero dee meyo ney spen mein aaj key dia dell trabazader kii shuruat koo chihnit kiya, kyonki pramukh shramik sangh joe yaa tou franco key shasankal key dauran apane vikas mein sthir yaa bahut dheeme they, abb phir seey kanuni roop seey aur pahale seey kaheen adhik sakriya they. lagbhag 4 dashakon mein pahali baar, trade union confederation off laber commission (see. see. oh. oh.) aur general union off worker (yuu. jee. tii.) jaise samoohon key hajaaron sadasya ack baar phir seey madrid parr sadakon parr ack saath virodh karane mein saksham they, vishesh roop seey 1977 mein uchit majdoori, sthir naukariyon aur adhik samajik suraksha key liye virodh pradarshan curr rahey they.
yeh 1978 taka naheen thaa kii ise rashtriya avkash key roop mein phir seey vaidh kiya gayaa thaa, aur taba seey harr saal key primero dee meyo ney una sanghon key paksh mein adhik seey adhik kaam kiya haye joe dinn kii abhivyaktiyon kii rachana karate hain. choonki iss dinn ney chhutti key roop mein apani sthiti kaa phir seey daavaa kiya haye, isaliye pradarshankari shramikon koo hadtaal key ullekh key saath apana samay bitaane kii aavashyakta naheen haye. haal key dashakon mein, adhikansh sanghon kii ranneetiyon ney pichhale varsh mein apane laabh aur nuksan kaa vishleshan karane, baithakon aur railiyon key ayojan parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye taaki iss baat parr charcha kii jaa sakey kii agale varsh key liye unhein kinn adhikaaron yaa sahaayata kii sabse adhik aavashyakta haye. yeh virodh pradarshanon koo sangathit, shantipurna aur sabse mahatvapurna roop seey prabhaavi honey kii anumati detaa haye, kyonki unake paas apani sarkaar aur niyoktaon key saamane prastut karane kii yojana aur lakshya haye.
spen key loktantra dwara chhutti key punarsthaapan ney sakaratmak parinam dikhaae, kyonki 1979 key primero dee meyo seey ack dinn pahale shram mantralaya ney nikat bhavishya mein lagbhag 280,000 naukariyon key srijan kii ghoshana kii thee. taba seey, shramik divas manaane vaale kissy bhee anya desh kii tarah, shram vibhajan kii vartamaan aavashyaktaaen joe bhee hain, una parr praathamik dee meyo virodh ney dhyaan kendrit kiya haye. choonki yeh ack rashtriya avkash haye, sabhi school aur adhikansh vyavasaay bund hain, saarvajanik parivahan 'avkash anusuchi' parr chalata haye, aur adhikansh vaanijyik kendra bund hotey hain; restaraan aur sangrahalaya aamtaur parr khule rahate hain, saath hii saath anya paryatak aur manoranjan aakarshan bhee.

