karkhan ghoshanapatra

karkhan ghoshanapatra 25 julaai 1919 koo chean key prati soviyat neeti kaa ack bayaan thaa. ise soviyat roose key videsh mamalon key upaayukt lev karkhan dwara jaari kiya gayaa thaa. roose ney chean mein sandhi dwara praapt vibhinn adhikaaron koo chhodane kii peshkash kii thee, jisamen baahya bhoomi, aarthik riyaayaten aur mukkebaaz kshatipurti mein roose kaa hissa shamil thaa. inn aur isi tarah kii sandhiyon kii cheeni rashtravadiyon dwara "asman" key roop mein ninda kii gaee thee."ghoshanapatra ney cheeniyon key beach roose aur markswad kii anukool chhaap paida kii. yeh aksar varsaay kii sandhi (1919) key vipareet thaa, jisane japan koo shandong pradaan kiya thaa.
ghoshanapatra koo cyberia mein bolshevik kii pragati seey prerit kiya gayaa thaa, jisane chean key saath sambandh sthaapit karane kii aavashyakta paida kii. bolshevikon ney cheeniyon koo "poorv key utpeedit logon" mein seey ack key roop mein dekhaa aur isaliye samrajyavadi shaktiyon key khilaf ack sambhaavit sahayogi key roop mein dekhaa.
ghoshanapatra mein cheeni logon aur uttar aur dakshin chean kii sarkaaron koo sambodhit kiya gayaa haye."kyonki roose aur chean donon iss samay grih yuddh kii sthiti mein they, rajanyik adaan-pradaan mein aksar deree hoti thee. haalaanki dastaavez agast 1919 mein masco mein prakaashit huaa thaa, lekin ise farwari 1920 taka aupchaarik roop seey cheeni rajnayikon key saamane prastut naheen kiya gayaa thaa. iss samay prastut kiye gaye sanskaran mein yeh maarg shamil haye, "soviyat sarkaar cheeni logon koo binaa kissy muaavaje key, cheeni purvi railway lautati haye."
chhah maheene baad, karkhan ney vyaktigat roop seey cheeni koo ghoshanapatra kaa doosara sanskaran saunpa, jisamen yeh ullekhaniya prastaav shamil naheen thaa. vaastav mein, soviyat adhikaariyon ney kabhi bhee aisaa karane seey incar kiya. unhone samajhaaya kii railway prastaav koo "galati seey" shamil kiya gayaa thaa. soviyat sangh ney ummeed kii hogi kii railway kii peshkash seey beijing mein utsaahjanak pratikriya utpann hogi, jisase japan key khilaf ack sino-soviyat gathbandhan hoga. beijing mein yuddhapatiyon ney japan seey nikatata seey judey hue jhijhakte hue jawab diyaa. jaba ashaspad gathbandhan apraapya saabit huaa, tou rusiyon ney apani peshkash vaapas leey lii. kissy bhee ghatana mein, cheeni purvi railway key niyantran sahit chean mein paaramparik russie hiton aur adhikaaron kii pushti 1924-1925 mein kiye gaye gupt samjhauton kii ack shrinkhala mein kii gaee thee.
ghoshanapatra cheeni saamyvaad key vikas mein ack mahatvapurna samay parr aaya thaa. isane markswad mein ruchi koo protsaahit kiya aur iss prakaar 1921 mein cheeni communist party kii sthaapana mein bhoomika nibhai.

