
oyu tolgoi khadaan

oyu tolgoi khadaan, (омногои омоногои омоногои омоногои олгои олгои олои олгои олои олгои олои олгои олои олгои о омоногои омоногои омоногои омоногои олгои олгои олгои олгои олгои олгои олгои омоно омоногои омоногои омоногои омоногои ономогои олгои олгои олгои омонои iss sthal kii khoj 2001 mein kii gaee thee aur ise 66 pratishat swaamitva key saath firoza pahaadi sansadhanon (riyo tinto kii bahusankhyak swaamitva vaali sahayak company) aur 34 pratishat swaamitva key saath mangolia sarkaar key beach ack sanyukt udyam key roop mein vikasit kiya jaa rhaa haye. khadaan kaa nirmaan 2010 seey shuru huaa aur 9 julaai 2013 koo tambe kaa apana pahala jattha bheja gayaa.
oyu tolgoi khanan pariyojana mangolia key itihas mein sabse badaa vittiya upakram haye aur isake puuraa honey parr salana tambe kaa utpaadan honey kii ummeed haye. pariyojana key liye vittaposhan aanshik roop seey riyo tinto samooh aur ivanho khadanon aur mangolia sarkaar key beach ack nivesh samjhaute seey aaya haye.
riyo tinto ney janwari 2022 mein sarkaar key saath ack samjhauta kiya taaki sanyukt oyu tolgoi tambe aur soney kii pariyojana koo aage badhaaya jaa sakey aur bakaaya muddon koo hull kiya jaa sakey, joe mangolia key liye 2023 mein chean koo apane tambe key niryaat koo kaafee badhaane key liye mahatvapurna haye.
itihas.
2001 mein, kanada sthit ivanho khadanon ney mangolia key gobi registan mein sansaadhan soney-tambe key ayask key bhandar kaa anuman lagaaya, jise soviyat sangh ney 1990 seey pahale aadhikarik roop seey khoja thaa. yeh ack aise kshetra mein haye jise "oyu tolgoi" ("firoza pahaadi" key liye mangolian) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jahaan change khaan outcropping key samay chattanon koo tambe key liye pighlaya jaataa thaa. 1950 key dashak seey mangolian bhuvaigyaanikon dwara iss sthaan parr khanijikaran honey kaa sandeh thaa. 2003 taka sampatti parr 18 anveshan drill rigg they jinamen lagbhag 200 loga kaam karate they, aur oyu tolgoi duniya kii sabse badee khanan anveshan pariyojana thee."janwari 2013 mein oyu tolgoi ney khadaan seey sandrata kaa utpaadan shuru kiya.
varnan.
oyu tolgoi khadaan mangolia key dakshin gobi registan mein haye, joe chean key janvaadi ganarajya key saath mangolia kii seema key uttar mein haye, jahan khanan kiye gaye tambe koo bheje jaane kii ummeed haye. oyu tolgoi bhandar mein anumaanit 27 laakh tunn tamba aur sonaa hotaa haye. isamen 1,900 tunn chaandi aur 205,000 tunn molybdenum bhee haye. utpaadan 2013 mein shuru huaa aur 2021 mein poorna kshamata taka pahunchane key liye nirdhaarit haye. khadaan key pratyaashit jivankal (> 50 varsh) mein, oyu tolgoi prati varsh tambe kaa utpaadan karane key liye nirdhaarit haye, joe vaishvik utpaadan key 3 pratishat key barabar haye. oyu tolgoi seey bhee salana soney kaa utpaadan karane kii ummeed haye, jisamen "upa-utpaad chaandi aur molybdenum" shamil hain.
riyo tinto mangolia key 3,000-4,000 logon koo rojgar dene kaa irada rakhta haye.
janwari 2022 mein, riyo tinto ney sanyukt oyu tolgoi copper aur gold pariyojana koo aage badhaane aur bakaaya muddon koo hull karane key liye sarkaar key saath ack samjhauta kiya. yeh samjhauta mangolia key liye 2023 mein chean koo apane tambe key niryaat koo kaafee badhaane aur adhik nivesh aakarshit karane key liye mahatvapurna haye.
khanan aur milling.
oyu tolgoi bhoomigat aur khule gaddhe khanan takneekon donon kaa upayog karega. shuru mein khadaan prati dinn 70,000 tunn chattan koo sansaadhit karegi, khule gaddhe aur bhoomigat khadaan donon seey 85,000 tunn taka kii vriddhi karegi (bhoomigat khanan block gufa dwara kiya jaanaa haye). khanan key pahale charan seey upaj ack ardh-swachaalit peesane vaali mill (saig mill) key madhyam seey hogi. nae bhoomigat kshetron mein vistaar key parinamswarup prati dinn 1,40,000 tunn taka kii atirikt vriddhi hogi aur prati dinn 1,70,000 tunn taka kii sambhaavit vriddhi hogi.
vittaposhan.
2010 taka, oyu tolgoi khadaan koo utpaadan mein laane kii anumaanit laagat 4.6 arab americi dollar thee, jisase yeh (vittiya roop seey) mangolian itihas kii sabse badee pariyojana bunn gaee thee; haalaanki, 2013 taka laagat badhkar 10 arab dollar hoe gaee thee, jisase mangolia sarkaar key liye kuchh chinta paida hoe gaee thee, joe byaaj key saath videshi niveshakon seey nivesh kaa apana 34 pratishat hissa udhaar letee haye. kahaa jaataa haye kii puuraa honey parr mangolia key sakal gharelu utpaad mein khadaan kaa yogdan 30 pratishat seey adhik haye. 2010 kii shuruat mein vaishvik khanan company riyo tinto key paas oyu tolgoi key malik ivanho khadanon (abb firoza pahaadi sansaadhan) kaa 22.4% swaamitva thaa, aur unhone pariyojana koo takniki sahaayata aur vittiya sahaayata donon dee. usa samay riyo tinto key paas apani hissedari badhaakar 46.6% karane kaa vikalp thaa. 31 march 2010 koo mangolia kii sarkaar ney ack nivesh samjhaute koo manjuri dee, jisamen way pariyojana kaa 34 pratishat kharidenge. octuber 2010 mein, ivanho ney iss khadaan koo vikasit karane key liye dhana jutaane key liye ack nae americi dollar 1 billion key share kii peshkash kii ghoshana kii. riyo tinto ney disambar 2010 mein ivanho key apane swaamitva koo badhaa diyaa, pariyojana key design aur nirmaan kaa pratyaksh prabandhan bhee grahan kiya, halanki ack anya uddeshya koo puuraa kiye binaa, khadaan key pratyaksh swaamitva koo praapt karane key liye.
mangolian sarkaar aur riyo tinto key beach asahamati 2013 mein charam parr aaa gaee, sarkaar ney riyo tinto seey yuu. aiss. $340 million key curr key mudde koo nipataane kaa aagrah kiya aur pariyojana key praarambhik charan key dauran shuru mein yojnabaddh yuu. aiss. $5.1 billion seey yuu. aiss. $7.1 billion kii laagat mein vriddhi hui. julaai 2013 mein, erdense oyu tolgoi (raajya key swaamitva vaali company joe anya 34 pratishat koo niyantrit karati haye) key karyakari nideshak serenbat sedwanchig aur riyo tinto key beach vivaad key baad firoza pahaadi sansadhanon (riyo tinto kii ikai joe khadaan key 66 pratishat koo niyantrit karati haye) mein sheyaron mein 20 pratishat kii girawat aaee. sedwanchig koo agast mein nikaal diyaa gayaa thaa aur unaki jagah poorv upa mantri aur sansad sadasya davadoraj gambold ney leey lii thee. iss beach, riyo tinto ney khanan kaary seey 1700 mangolian karmchaariyon koo hataa diyaa.
21 navambar 2019 koo mangolia kii sansad ney "oyu tolgoi jamaa key dohan mein mangolia key hiton aur adhikaaron koo sunishchit karane parr ack prastaav apanaaya, joe sarkaar (mantrimandal) koo" utpaad saajha karane kii vyavastha "parr gaur karane yaa apani 34 pratishat hissedari koo" ack vishesh royalty "key saath badalane kaa nirdesh detaa haye.
vivadaspad mudde.
paryaavaran parr prabhaav.
oyu tolgoi khadaan mangolia key sabse sookhe kshetron mein seey ack mein sthit haye. registani kshetra mein varsha prati varsh shoonya seey 50 mimi key beach hoti haye. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii aaney vaale dou dashakon mein paani kii maang teen gunaa hoe jaayegi, jiska mukhya kaaran iss kshetra mein khanij dohan haye. charvaahon koo chinta haye kii oyu tolgoi kshetra kii jall aapoorti koo samaapt curr rhaa haye, kyonki yeh ack maheene mein ack arab gallen seey adhik paani kaa upayog kartaa haye. isake alawa, khadaan seey, tailing bhandaran suvidhaon seey aur satah parr sangraheet kissy bhee adhik bojh yaa apashisht chattan seey acid chattan jall nikasi kaa kaafee khatra haye aur ise khadaan mein vaapas jamaa naheen kiya jaataa haye.
dakshin gobi duniya mein kaheen aur naheen paaee jaane vaali cumm seey cumm chhah luptapray aur luptapray prajaatiyon key liye bhee ack mahatvapurna nivaas sthaan haye. dou sanrakshit kshetra oyu tolgoi key nikat sthit hain aur khadaan key prabhaav kshetra mein shamil hain. nivaas sthaan key nuksan kii bharpai key liye, ack jaiv vividhata offset ranneeti jaari kii gaee haye, halanki ngo aashvast naheen hain. way iss baat parr jore dey rahey hain kii company ney nuksan seey bachane, cumm karane yaa cumm karane parr vichaar naheen kiya aur seedhe offsetting key liye chully gaee. way company seey ack majboot, vistrit, deerghakaalik prajaati sanrakshan aur awas sanrakshan yojana vikasit karane kaa aagrah karate hain, jisamen ack kathor nigrani ranneeti bhee shamil haye. unaki raay haye kii esiya mein varnit vartamaan shaman ranneetiyaan bahut samanya hain aur anubhavjanya detta parr adharit naheen hain. natijatan, company dwara prastut offset ranneeti parr sawal uthaaya jaa sakata haye.
samajik prabhaav.
mangolia key dakshini aur madhya kshetra paaramparik roop seey khanabdosh charvaahon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale bhoobhaag parr kabja karate hain. pahale seey hii durlabh jall sansadhanon koo khanan kii or modane seey unaki aajeevika khatare mein parh sakati haye. goji registan kii kathor paristhitiyon mein charvaahon key paas grishmakaaleen charagah aur isake aavartan, paani taka pahunch, ghaas sangrah aur ghaas bhandaran koo vyavasthit karane kaa ack bahut hii vishisht tarika haye. inn anoothi prathaon mein koee bhee badalaav khanabadoshon kii aajeevika mein baadha daaltaa haye. ispat kii baad joe khaai vaali khadaan key chaaron or haye, paaramparik charvaahe key galiyaron koo avaruddh karati haye aur jhund key jaanvaron key liye paani dhoondhana mushkil banaa detee haye. khadaan maalikon dwara nirmit sadaken jaanvaron key liye atirikt baadhaaen prastut karati hain.
oyu tolgoi key vistaar key kaaran kuchh mangolian charvaahon koo basane key liye majboor honah padaa haye aur jhundon koo nuksan huaa haye. unhein una sthaanon kaa chayan karane key liye paryaapt samay key binaa nichale sthaanon parr jaane key liye majboor kiya gayaa joe unake jaanvaron koo sardiyon key bheeshan toofaanon seey bachaayenge. punarvaas key samay pradaan kii gaee nyuntam sahaayata paryaapt naheen thee. isake alawa, unhein khadaan key nikat apane sthaan key aadhar parr aparyaapt muaavaja sweekaar karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa, naa kii unase liye gaye charagah key aakar key aadhar parr.
aarthik prabhaav.
mangolia mein khanan vartamaan mein jee. dee. pee. kaa lagbhag ack tihai yogdan detaa haye aur desh key kull niryaat kaa 89.2 pratishat haye. sarkaar dwara lagbhag 3,000 nae khanan licenses jaari kiye jaane key baad seey sankhya mein vriddhi honey kii ummeed haye. khanijon parr arthavyavastha kaa nirmaan desh koo dutch bimari, yaa praakritik sansadhanon key aarthik vikas mein vriddhi aur vinirmaan kshetra yaa krishi mein girawat key beach key sambandh key jokhim mein daaltaa haye. kashmiri udyog aur krishi kshetra pahale seey hii dushprabhaav mahsoos curr rahey hain. haalaanki mangolia key aarthik vikas ney haal key varshon mein garibi koo 11 pratishat seey adhik cumm karane mein madad kii haye, lekin aaya vitaran key mamle mein bhee asamaanta badh rahee haye. shahari kshetron (23.2%) kii tulanaa mein graameen kshetron mein garibi (35.5%) adhik haye, kyonki graameen ilaakon mein charvaahe apani paaramparik aajeevika key khatm honey key kaaran jeevit rahane key liye sangharsh karate hain.
bhrashtachar seey sambandhit mudde.
ack saansad, gantomorin uyanga ney ghoshana kii haye kii poorv pm sanjagin bayaar, jinhone apane 3 cabinet sadasyon key saath otti nivesh samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye, videsh mein apani betiyon, poorv patni aur premika key naam parr 7 sampattiyon key malik hain, jinaki keemat kaee arab dollar haye. halanki, aiss.byre ney bhrashtachar key khilaf swatantra agency seey sampark kiya haye aur khud parr jaanch karane kaa anurodh kiya haye. unake anurodh mein likhaa haih "haal hii mein videshon mein kaee achal sampattiyon kii khareed key madhyam seey sambhaavit dhana shodhan parr media coverage mein sootron ney kahaa kii main, bayer sanjaa ney pradhaanmantri key roop mein merey pada kaa durupyog kiya haye aur oyutolgoi samjhaute kii manjuri kii pairavi kii haye. inn daavon key mamle mein main agency seey mangolian kaanoon key anusaar mujh parr jaanch karane kaa anurodh kartaa huun. sansad key poorv upaadhyaksh aur otti samjhaute parr hastakshar karane vaale 3 mantriyon mein seey ack sangijav byrtsogt ney bhee apane gupt apatatiya khaate kaa khulasa ack british samachar patra "dha guardian" dwara kiya haye. report key anusaar sansad key upaadhyaksh sangijaav byrtsogt ney ack apatatiya ikai "leasand plus capital limitted" key naam parr ack gupt swiss baink khaate kii pushti kii, jisamen duss laakh americi dollar seey adhik kaa thaa. abhibhaavak ney byartsogt sangjaav koo bataaya, "mujhe vaha khaata naheen kholna chaahiye thaa. mujhe apani ghoshanaon mein company koo shamil karna chaahiye thaa, "khoji patrakaron key antarrashtriya sangh (aaee. see. aaee. jee.) mein. "mujhe apani pratishtha kii chinta naheen haye. mujhe apane parivaar kii chinta haye. mujhe shayed apane pada seey istifa dene parr vichaar karna chaahiye."
janwari 2022 mein, riyo tinto mangolia kii sarkaar key saath samjhauta kiya, joe sansad key prastaav 92 koo sambodhit karane key sambandh mein pichhale dou varshon mein mangolia sarkaar key saath baatchit key adheen bakaaya muddon koo hull kartaa haye. samjhaute mein ack gupt khand shamil haye kii riyo tinto "vyaavsaayik akhandata samadhan" key liye erdeness oyu tolgoi koo $20 million kaa bhugtan kartaa haye.inn bhugtaanon kii jaanch bhrashtachar-rodhi sangathanon dwara kii jaa rahee haye, jisamen paardarshita antarrashtriya mangolia bhee shamil haye, jaisa kii mangolian sarkaar mein varishth adhikaariyon koo rishwat key bhugtan kii atyadhik sambhavana maani jaati haye.