
ingland mein bear

bear hajaaron varshon seey ingland mein banaai jaa rahee haye. ack bear banaane vaale desh key roop mein, yeh sheersh kinvit dabba bear (jise vaastavik ell bhee kahaa jaataa haye) key liye jaanaa jaataa haye joe sharaab banaane kii jagah pub key tahakhaane mein paripakva hoe jaataa haye aur kewal praakritik karbanikaran key saath parosa jaataa haye.
angreji bear shailiyon mein kadwa, halka, bhura aur purana shamil hain. stout, porter aur india pell eley bhee mool roop seey landan mein banaae gaye they. 20veen shatabdi key madhya seey lazer-shally kii bear kii lokpriyata mein kaafee vriddhi hui haye. anya aadhunik vikaason mein badey sharaab banaane vaalon kaa bahurashtriya nigamon mein samekan shamil haye; bear upbhoktaavaad kaa vikas; sookshm sharaab banaane kii dukaanon kaa vistaar aur bottle-vatanukoolit bear mein ruchi mein vriddhi.
itihas.
roman-celtic britten.
abb ingland mein sharaab banaana shayed achchi tarah seey sthaapit thaa jaba roman 54 eesaa poorv mein aae they, aur nishchit roop seey unake adheen jaari rahey.
1980 key dashak mein, puraatatvidon koo iss baat kaa saboot milaa kii britten mein rome key sainikon ney celtic eley parr khud koo banaae rakhaa. lakadi kii goliyon parr likhe gaye gharelu aur sainya khaaton kii ack shrinkhala aadhunik northumberland key chesterholm mein vindolanda key roman kille mein khudai kii gaee thee, joe kii 1990 aur 130 key beach kii haye. way vinolanda mein purtagaali yaa bear khareedane vaale sainya-daste koo prakat karate hain, jaisa kii nishchit roop seey baaki roman britten mein senaaon ney kiya thaa, lagbhag nishchit roop seey sthaaniya kshetra mein sharaab banaane vaalon seey.
vindolanda key khaaton kii ack soochi mein attractus dha bruer (attractus sirves) kaa ullekh haye, joe british itihas mein pahala naamit bruer haye, saath hii saath britten mein pahala gyaat peshevar bruer haye. khaate braces yaa braces kii khareed bhee dikhaate hain, joe kii emmer gehuun (yaa malt) haye, nissandeh banaane key liye. sambhavatah senaa ney malt kharida aur sainikon key liye bear banaane key liye ack sthaaniya sharaab banaane vaale koo kaam parr rakhaa.
<bee. aar.>
roman britten mein, gharelu aur khudra donon tarah kii sharaab banaana vyaapak rhaa hogaah roman yug key malting yaa sharaab banaane key sanchaalan key astitva kaa sanket dene vaale avashesh somerset seey northumberland aur south wells seey colchester taka paae gaye hain. teesari aur chauthi shatabdi mein, rome key hypocost takneek, gharon koo kendriya taap kii aapoorti key liye, britten mein sthaayi makai dryer/malling banaane key liye anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa, aur inn dohare tala vaali imaraton key avashesh, bhoomigat flue key saath, roman shaharon key saath-saath roman kheton mein bhee paae jaate hain.
aam taur parr maanaa jaataa haye kii british sharaab banaana ack vyaapak celtic parampara kaa hissa rhaa haye. choonki yeh hops kii shuruat seey pahale thaa, isaliye shahad, medosweet ("philipendula almaria") aur mugwart ("artemisia vulgaris") jaise anya swaadon kaa upayog kiya gayaa hoga.
madhya yugah eley-wands, eley-wives aur eley-connors.
madhya yug key dauran bear sabse aam peya padarthon mein seey ack thee. europe key uttari aur purvi hisson mein sabhi samajik vargon dwara iska dainik sevan kiya jaataa thaa, jahaan angur kii kheti mushkil yaa asambhav thee. bear uttari kshetron mein dainik calori kii kaafee matra pradaan karati haye. ingland mein, madhya yug key anta taka prati vyakti khapat 275-300 leater (60-66 gallen) ack varsh thee, aur bear harr bhojan key saath pee jaati thee.
madhya yug mein, eley koo usa parisar mein banaaya gayaa hoga jahan seey ise becha jaataa thaa. jaba unaki bear taiyar hoti tou alevives ack eley-vaind nikaalati. madhyakaaleen adhikaari sharaab peene koo hatotsaahit karane kii tulanaa mein bear kii paryaapt gunavatta aur taakat sunishchit karane mein adhik ruchi rakhate they. dheere-dheere, purush sharaab banaane mein shamil hoe gaye aur khud koo landan mein sharaab banaane vaale sangh jaise sanghon mein sangathit curr liya. jaise-jaise sharaab banaana adhik sangathit aur vishvasaniya hoe gayaa, kaee sarayon aur sarayon ney apane liye sharaab banaana bund curr diyaa aur inn shuruati vaanijyik sharaab banaane vaali dukaanon seey bear kharidi.
ack eley-connor, kabhi-kabhi "eley-connor", pracheen angreji samudaayon key darbar-patra mein salana ack adhikaari niyukt kiya jaataa thaa taaki rotty, eley aur bear kii achchaae aur sampoornata sunishchit kii jaa sakey. iss pada key liye kaee alag-alag naam they, joe ack sthaan seey dusare sthaan parr bhinn theh "eley-testers", "gustatorus servicia", "eley-founders" aur "eley-connors". bear koo uchit moolya parr becha jaanaa sunishchit karane key liye aksar eley-connors parr bharosa kiya jaataa thaa. aitihaasik roop seey, shahar key samanya holl dwara salana chaar eley-connor chune jaate they.
kabhi-kabhi kahaa jaataa haih
eley connor ack prakaar kaa praarambhik curr-daataa thaa jiska kaam bear kii gunavatta aur taakat kaa pareekshan karna thaa, naa kii chautarafa, balki usake ack gaddhe mein baithkar! way majboot chamade key tukadon mein pahane pub seey pub taka yatra karate they. lakadi kii ack bench parr bear daali gaee aur usamen connor baith gayaa. jaba way khade hue tou unhein kitna chipchipa lagaa, iss parr nirbhar karate hue way isaki maadak shakti kaa aaklan karane aur uchit kartavya lagu karane mein saksham they.
haalaanki, rangeen kinvadanti kii sateekta sandigdh haye.
1400-1699: oonchi bear kaa uday.
bear mein hops kaa upayog 822 kii shuruat mein ack carolingian mathadhish dwara likhaa gayaa thaa. hops key saath bear kaa swaad cumm seey cumm 9veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, lekin samagri key sahee anupaat koo sthaapit karane mein kathinaaiyon key kaaran dheere-dheere ise apanaaya gayaa thaa. isase pahale, phal naamak vibhinn jadee-bootiyon key mishran kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, lekin isamen hops key samaan sanrakshan guna naheen they.
dha book off margery kempe" mein, margery apani kahani koo ack lekhak koo bataati haye, aur bataati haye kii 15veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein usane bishap key linn, norphoke mein bear banaane kaa prayaas kiya, aur bear kii botalon key anya sandarbh detee haye.
15veen shatabdi mein, ack binaa chhapi hui bear koo ack ell key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, jabaki hops kaa upayog ise ack bear banaa detaa thaa. hopped bear koo neetherland seey ingland mein 1400 kii shuruat mein winchester mein ayaat kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1428 taka ingland mein hops lagaae jaa rahey they. usa samay, eley aur bear banaane kaa kaam alag seey kiya jaataa thaa, kissy bhee sharaab banaane vaale koo donon kaa utpaadan karane kii anumati naheen thee. landan kii sharaab banaane vaali company ney kahaa kii "kissy bhee ell yaa taral padaarth mein hops, jadee-bootiyaan yaa anya samaan cheez naheen daali jaani chaahiye-lekin kewal sharaab (paani), malt aur khameer banaaya jaanaa chaahiye."iss tippani koo kabhi-kabhi hopped bear parr pratibandh key roop mein galat tareeke seey uddhrit kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, kuchh logon ney hopped bear kaa virodh kiya, jaise.jee.
eley malte aur paani seey banaa hotaa haye aur way joe kissy bhee anya thinz koo eley mein daalate hain, sivaay isake kii yest, barme, yaa goddesgood [khameer key liye teen shabd], vahaan doth sophisticate koo chhodkar. ack angreji key liye ack aadami ack praakritik peya haye. yeh inn gunon koo honah chaahiye, yeh tanaavpurna aur saaf honah chaahiye, yeh naa tou ropi honah chaahiye, naa hii dhuaan honah chaahiye, naa hii isamen koee weifte aur naa hii tail honah chaahiye. all schulde dronke vendor naheen haye.vee.[5] dinn purana... barley malte auten malte yaa kissy anya corn doth seey behtar banaata haye... bear malte, hops aur paani seey banaa haye; yeh ack doche [dutch] aadami key liye ack praakritik shushk haye, aur abb dair seey [haal hii mein] yeh moche banaam ingland mein kaee angreji purushon key vighatan key liye haye... sookhane key liye ack thandaa sookhane vaalaa hotaa haye. phir bhee yeh ack aadami koo motaa banaata haye, aur bellie koo phoolaata haye, kyonki yeh doche key chehare aur bellie seey prabhaavit hotaa haye.
1577 mein ingland aur wells mein karadhan uddeshyon key liye peyajal pratishthaan key ack sarvekshan mein 14,202 allehouse, 1,631 saraay aur 329 saraay darj kiye gaye, joe pratyek 187 logon key liye ack pub kaa pratinidhitva karate hain.
1700-1899: udyog aur samrajya.
18veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein landan mein dark bear kii ack lokpriya naee shaileeh porter kaa vikas huaa. 1700 seey pahale, landan key sharaab banaane vaalon ney apani bear bahut cumm umr mein bheji thee aur kissy bhee umr badhane parr yaa tou publican yaa ack dealer dwara pradarshan kiya jaataa thaa. porter sharaab banaane vaali dukaan mein purani honey vaali pahali bear thee aur turant nashe mein honey key liye upayukt sthiti mein bheji gaee thee. yeh pahali bear thee jise kissy bhee badey paimaane parr banaaya jaa sakata thaa, aur landan porter bruers, jaise whitebread, truman, parsons aur thrail ney aarthik roop seey badee safalata hassil kii.
landan key badey porter sharaab banaane kii ikaaiyon ney kaee takniki pragati kaa beedaa uthaaya, jaise kii badey bhandaran whats kaa nirmaan, thermometer (lagbhag 1760), hydrometer (1770) aur attemperter (lagbhag 1780) kaa upayog.
18veen shatabdi mein bhaarat kaa vikas bhee huaa. sabse pahale gyaat sharaab banaane vaalon mein seey jinake bear bhaarat koo niryaat kiye gaye they, way they bow bruary key george hodson,
18veen shatabdi key anta mein samagri kii laagat key sandarbh mein bear kii taakat key aadhar parr pragatisheel karadhan kii ack pranali dekhi gaee, jisase teen alag-alag shrenikaran hueh "table", "chhota" aur "majboot" bear. inn prakaron koo milakar vividhata praapt karane key tareeke key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa, aur kabhi-kabhi karadhan seey bachana, aur baad mein ack sadee seey adhik samay taka lokpriya rhaa.
bear injan (ack sadharan lift-pump), ack pub key tahakhaane yaa tahakhaane mein ack container seey manual roop seey bear pump karane key liye ack upkaran, kaa aavishkaar 1797 mein joseph bramah dwara kiya gayaa thaa. baar-mounted pump handle, joe apane parivartansheel pump clip key saath haye, joe bear kii peshkash koo darshaata haye, adhikansh angreji pabon mein ack parichit aur vishisht drishya banaa huaa haye. bear injan seey pahale, bear koo aam taur parr tahakhaane yaa null kaksh mein jug mein daala jaataa thaa aur parose jaane vaale kshetra mein leey jaaya jaataa thaa.
bearhouse adhiniyam 1830 ney kissy koo bhee bear, eley yaa sider banaane aur bechane mein saksham banaaya, chaahe vaha saarvajanik ghar seey hoe yaa apane gharon seey, bear aur eley key liye kewal £2 key tahat aur sider key liye £1 key madhyam moolya kaa licenses praapt karane parr, shaanti key nyayadhishon seey unhein praapt karane kaa sahaara liye binaa, jaisa kii pahale aavashyak thaa. iska parinam poore ingland mein saikadon nae pabon kaa udghaatan aur badey sharaab banaane kii dukaanon key prabhaav mein kamee thee. kii preranaon mein seey ack
adhiniyam jinn key apmaanjanak adhik sevan koo cumm karane key liye thaa.
1840 key aspas ingland mein vikasit peele eley kii niryaat shally kii maang, jise "india peele eley" (aaee. pee. aeye.) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, ingland mein ack lokpriya utpaad bunn gayaa. kuchh sharaab banaane vaalon ney 19veen shatabdi key anta mein "india" shabd koo chhod diyaa, lekin record ney sanket diyaa kii inn "peele rung" ney pahale key aaee. pee. aeye. kii visheshtaon koo barkarar rakhaa.
bear kii ack pealy aur achchi tarah seey vikasit shally koo bhaarat key peele rung key vikas key samanantar berton-onn-trent mein vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. pahale, angrej mukhya roop seey sharabi aur porter they, lekin kadwa (peela eley kaa vikas) pramukh hoe gayaa. upayog mein malt aur hops aur sthaaniya jall rasayan vigyaan, vishesh roop seey jipsum kii upasthiti key beach talmel key kaaran berton seey bear koo vishesh roop seey uchch gunavatta kaa maanaa jaataa thaa. yeh badey paimaane parr lokpriya, halki bear koo store karna aur parivahan karna aasaan thaa, aur isaliye badey sharaab karkhanon key vikas kaa samarthan kiya. puter tankered seey kaanch key bartanon mein switch karane seey bhee peene vaalon koo halki bear pasand aatee haye. liverpool key liye rail link key vikas ney sharaab banaane vaalon koo poore british samrajya mein apani bear kaa niryaat karane mein saksham banaaya. berton ney peele eley banaane mein poorna prabhutva banaae rakhaah apani oonchaai parr britten mein bechi jaane vaali sabhi bear kaa ack chauthai vahaan ack rasaayanagya, see. taka utpaadit kiya jaataa thaa. doubleu. vincent ney berton-apon-trent seey paani kii rasayanik sanrachana koo punah utpann karane key liye bertenization kii prakriya kii khoj kii, iss prakaar kissy bhee sharaab banaane vaali dukaan koo peele rung kaa ell banaane kii kshamata milati haye.
1880 mein, pradhaan mantri villium gladstone kii sarkaar ney lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey malt curr koo taiyar utpaad-bear parr shulk key saath badalane key liye antardeshiya rajaswa adhiniyam 1880 kaa upayog kiya. ack dushprabhaav key roop mein, gharelu sharaab banaane vaale joe "gharelu upayog" key liye apani khud kii bear kaa utpaadan karate they, way panjikaran, viniyaman aur nireekshan key adheen they, aur unhein licenses shulk kaa bhugtan karna aavashyak thaa. ghar parr sharaab banaana bahut cumm hoe gayaa thaa.
19veen shatabdi mein, ack vishisht sharaab banaane kii dukaan ney teen yaa chaar halke ell kaa utpaadan kiya, jinhen aamtaur parr xs kii sankhya dwara naamit kiya jaataa haye, sabse kamjor aiks, sabse majboot xxxx. way aaj key halke kii tulanaa mein kaafee majboot they, gurutvaakarshan lagbhag 1.055 seey 1.072 (lagbhag 5.5% seey 7% abv) taka thaa. 19veen shatabdi key anta mein gurutvaakarshan mein girawat aaee aur 1914 taka sabse kamjor halke lagbhag 1.045 taka neeche aaa gaye, joe abhee bhee aadhunik sanskaranon kii tulanaa mein kaafee majboot they.
mahadvipiya lazer 19veen shatabdi key anta mein pabon mein pesh kiye jaane lagey, lekin kaee dashakon taka bajar kaa ack chhota saa hissa baney rahey.
1900 seey 1949: sanyam aur yuddh.
19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein sanyam andolan ney pratham vishva yuddh key aapaatkaaleen upaayon key sanyojan mein, bear parr uchch karadhan, cumm taakat, "ack daur kii khareed" parr pratibandh aur pratibandhit udghaatan ghante jaise kaee parivartanon kii shuruat kii. adhikansh koo baad key dashakon mein dheere-dheere nirast curr diyaa gayaa.
pratham vishva yuddh key upaayon kaa halke ell parr vishesh roop seey naatakiya prabhaav padaa. sabse adhik bikane vaali bear key roop mein, ise gurutvaakarshan mein sabse badee katauti kaa saamana karna padaa jaba sharaab banaane vaali companiyon koo apani bear key ausat mool gurutvaakarshan koo 1.030 taka seemit karna padaa. taaki kuchh majboot bear kaa utpaadan karane mein saksham hoe sakein-jise moolya niyantran seey chhoot dee gaee thee aur iss prakaar adhik laabhdaayak-halke koo 1.025 yaa usase cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 
angreji sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyon ney dusare vishva yuddh aur usase aage taka botalband, aur kabhi-kabhi draft, stouts kii ack shrinkhala banaana jaari rakhaa. way yuddh-poorv sanskaranon (1.055-1.060 seey 1.040-1.042 taka) kii tulanaa mein kaafee kamjor they aur 1914 mein kulee kii taakat key aspas they. kulee kaa peene kaa sthaan, abb ekal stout dwara kabja curr liya gayaa thaa, aur 1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein utpaadan mein lagaatar girawat aaee. haalaanki, ayrish-brude stouts, vishesh roop seey gineej, dridhata seey lokpriya rahey.
20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, dabaav vaale paatron seey draft bear parosana shuru huaa. kritrim karbanikaran koo 1936 mein united kingdam mein watney key prayogaatmak pasteurized bear redd bairal key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa, halanki bear parosane kii yeh vidhi 1960 key dashak key anta taka yuke mein naheen thee.
1950 seey 1999: megabrievery aur microbruvery.
1960 mein rashtriya star parr lagbhag 40 pratishat sharaab botalband roop mein bechi jaati thee, halanki ingland key dakshin mein yeh aankada 60 pratishat thaa, joe ingland key uttar mein 20 pratishat taka gir gayaa. adhikansh peene vaalon key liye pasand kii bear key roop mein halke peele rung kii jagah leey lii thee.
1963 mein binaa licenses key ghar parr sharaab banaana vaidh curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur kaee oonchi sadakon parr ghar mein sharaab banaane key upkaran kii dukaanon key saath yeh ack kaafee lokpriya shauk bunn gayaa thaa. lazer kii lokpriyata 1970 key dashak seey teji seey badhee, 1965 mein bajar key kewal 2 pratishat seey badhkar 1975 mein 20 pratishat hoe gaee, jisamen angreji sharaab banaane vaale apane swayam key brand kaa utpaadan karate hain yaa licenses key tahat sharaab banaate hain. iss samay dibbaband bear bhee pesh kii gaee thee.
ack upabhokta sangathan, vaastavik eley (camera) key liye abhiyaan, 1971 mein apratirodhya bear kii raksha key liye sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. samooh ney dabaav mein parosi jaane vaali bear aur dibbe seey parosi jaane vaali bear key beach antar karane aur lazer seey donon koo alag karane key liye "vaastavik eley" shabd taiyar kiya. "eley" kaa matlab abb ack sheersh-kinvit bear thaa, naa kii ack binaa chhapi hui bear. 170, 000 seey adhik kii sadasyata key saath camera ack prabhaavshaali bull banane vaalaa thaa.
usa samay, sharaab banaane mein "bigg six" sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyon kaa varchasva thaah whitebread, scotish aur nucasal, baas charrington, sambaddh sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyaan, sahsi shaahi aur watney.
darjanon kshetriya sharaab banaane kii ikaaiyaan bhee theen, haalaanki adhigrahan key parinamswarup sankhya cumm hoe rahee thee, aur sookshm sharaab banaane key kshetra mein kewal chaar lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey sharaab banaane key karkhane shamil they. adhikansh pub sharaab banaane vaali companiyon key swaamitva mein they aur kewal sharaab banaane vaali companiyon key bear ("dha tyee") kii peshkash karane kii anumati thee. camera ney chhote sharaab banaane vaalon kii badey sharaab banaane vaalon dwara khareede jaane kii pravritti key khilaf bhee abhiyaan chalaaya, chhote upaayon key khilaf, aitihaasik roop seey mahatvapurna pabon key sanrakshan key liye, aur pabon key liye adhik pasand aur lambe samay taka khulane key liye. camera ney ack "achchi bear guide" kaa bhee utpaadan kiya aur halke ell key sanrakshan key liye abhiyaan chalaaya, jise abb ack luptapray shally key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa.
angreji peene vaale 1970 aur 1980 key dashak key dauran aayatit bear mein adhik ruchi lene lagey, aanshik roop seey videshi yatra mein vriddhi key parinamswarup aur aanshik roop seey michael jackson jaise bear lekhakon dwara vishay key prachaar key kaaran, unake 1977 key "bear key liye vishva maargdarshak" key saath. nae lokpriya videshi brandon mein germany seey beck, neetherland seey heneken aur grollsch, belgium seey leif aur hogarden, itali seey peroni, phillippeans seey saine miguel, america seey budwiser aur siera nevada aur mexico seey corona atirikt shamil they. kaee baar aayatit bear mein visheshagyata rakhate hain, jisamen bhojan aur sajawat key saath mell khaata haye, belgium aur bavarian vishay sabse aam hain.
1972 mein, martin sikes ney 50 varshon key liye ingland mein pahali naee swatantra sharaab banaane vaali company key roop mein selby sharaab banaane kii company kii sthaapana kii. "maine vaastavik roop seey punrutthan kaa purvanuman lagaaya, aur jaldi pahunch gayaa", unhone kahaa. dashak key anta taka way 25 seey adhik nae sookshm sharaab banaane kii ikaaiyon seey juda gaye, ack pravritti joe kewal 1980 key dashak mein badhegi. 1979 mein, tima martin ney uttari landan key muswell hill mein pahala waiterspoon pub khola. yeh pabon kii ack rashtriya shrinkhala kaa aadhar thaa, (2016 taka 900 seey adhik) joe british bear key drishya parr prabhaavshaali saabit honey key liye they, kyonki unaki cumm keematen, badey parisar aur kask eley kii champion. 1979 mein david broose ney pahala "farkin" brubub sthaapit kiya. farkin shrinkhala mein parisar mein yaa shrinkhala mein kissy anya sharaab banaane vaale pub mein taiyar kiye gaye dabba shamil they. shrinkhala apane bees saal key itihas mein 100 seey adhik pabon taka vistaarit hui, jisase ingland mein sharaab banaane vaale pabon kii sankhya mein kaafee vriddhi hui. swaamitva mein kaee badlaavon key baad, 2001 mein sharaab banaane kaa kaam bund curr diyaa gayaa.
bear order key roop mein jaane jaane vaale kaanoon key dou tukade, disambar 1989 mein aanshik roop seey camera abhiyaan key jawab mein pesh kiye gaye they. aadeshon ney sanyukt raajya mein badey sharaab banaane vaale samoohon key swaamitva vaale bandhe pabon kii sankhya koo 2,000 taka seemit curr diyaa, aur badey sharaab banaane vaale jamindaaron koo apane jamindar key alawa kissy anya kirayedar seey ack atithi ell kii anumati dene kii aavashyakta thee. udyog ney vishuddh roop seey pub-swaamitva vaali companiyon ("pubcos") koo khatm karke pratikriya dee, jaise kii punch tevern aur entreprise inn, purani sharaab banaane aur swaamitva vaali companiyon, vishesh roop seey sambaddh lions, baas aur scotish aur nucasal seey. janwari 2003 mein bear key order radd curr diye gaye they, usa samay taka udyog badal chuka thaa.
2000 seey prastutah hops aur hipsters.
bear karadhan mein badalaav, pragatisheel bear shulk 2002 mein gorden braun dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa. yeh ack sharaab banaane vaali dukaan key kull utpaadan key aadhar parr bear shulk mein kamee thee aur iska uddeshya chhoti sharaab banaane vaali companiyon kii madad karna thaa. iss kaanoon key liye swatantra sharaab banaane vaalon (siba) key samaaj dwara abhiyaan chalaaya gayaa thaa. 2009 mein, 2008 kii tulanaa mein siba key 420 seey adhik sadasyon kii sanyukt bikri mein 4 pratishat kii vriddhi hui. 2011 taka britten mein sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyon ney prati varsh 3 pratishat seey 7 pratishat kii bear kii bikri mein ausat vriddhi darj kii.
2004 taka, "real eley" shabd kaa vistaar bottle-condition bear koo shamil karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki "kask eley" shabd ack bear koo dabaav mein naheen parose jaane kaa sanket dene key liye sweekrit vaishvik shabd bunn gayaa thaa.
aayatit bear mein ruchi badhati rahee, jisamen purvi europeeya shramikon kii aamad ney vishesh roop seey staropremen, badwar aur kozel key saath-saath letch aur tisky koo lokpriya banaa diyaa.
chaubis ghante kii sharaab" key roop mein lokpriya kaanoon kaa ack tukada, aadhikarik taur parr licenses adhiniyam 2003 2005 mein lagu huaa. isane pub aur licenses praapt parisaron koo kissy bhee yaa chaubis ghante kii avadhi key liye kholane kii anumati dete hue, khulane key ghanton parr pichhale rashtriya pratibandhon koo hataa diyaa, joe sthaaniya licenses adhikaariyon key saath samjhaute key adheen thaa. vyavhaar mein, adhikansh pabon ney apane khulane key ghanton mein kewal mamuli badalaav kiye.
haalaanki isake sansthaapak pitaa, michael jackson, kii 2007 mein mrityu hoe gaee, aadhunik bear lekhan teji seey badh rhaa thaa, jisamen bear collum gunavatta vaale press mein wine collum key saath dikhaai dey rahey they. bear lekhan koo bear blogging mein vikasit karna thaa, martin cornell, pett braun, roser protz aur melissa cole sahit donon kshetron mein agrani.
julaai 2007 mein, pub sahit ingland mein sabhi bund saarvajanik sthaanon mein dhumrapan parr pratibandh lagaane key liye ack kaanoon pesh kiya gayaa thaa.
lazer kii lokpriyata 2008 mein 74.5 pratishat seey girkar 74.3 pratishat hoe gaee aur "paryavekshak" prakaashan ney sujhaav diyaa kii british bear peene vaalon kaa "carbonated bear key saath prem sambandh aakhirkaar charam parr hoe sakata haye. achchi bear guide" key 2010 key sanskaran seey pataa chalaa kii prakaashan key samay britten mein 700 seey adhik vaastavik sharaab banaane vaale they-joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad seey sabse adhik sankhya thee aur camera kii sthaapana key baad seey chaar gunaa adhik thee. camera key ack pravakta, aaeen loye ney madhyam sharaab key star key liye ack vareeyata aur ack dhaarana key baare mein bataaya kii vaastavik ell swaasthyavardhak thaa kyonki yeh badalaav key liye jimmedaar thaa.
2010 key dashak seey, kuchh media outlet craft bear mein ruchi key "visfot" key roop mein varnit karate rahey hain. halanki, "craft bear" shabd kii britten mein aupchaarik paribhasha naheen haye, iska arth aam taur parr chhote sharaab banaane vaali dukaanon seey bear haye joe atyadhik swaadisht aur vishisht haye, vishesh roop seey "hopp forward" bear, joe botalon yaa keykeg draft praarupon mein vitarit kii jaati haye, joe mukhya roop seey americi microbruvery drishya seey praapt hotey hain. craft bear mukhyadhara key pub mein anya bear key saath khadee hoe sakati haye, yaa visheshagya dukaanon mein khudra hoe sakati haye, jaise kii scotish sharaab banaane vaalon key brudog key swaamitva vaali shrinkhala. shilp bear aksar maanak ell aur lazer kii tulanaa mein majboot hoti hain, aur samanya pint aur aadhe key alawa pint aur pint upaayon mein bechi jaa sakati hain. kaee tippanikaron ney nott kiya haye kii craft bear ack yuva graahak koo aakarshit karati haye, vishesh roop seey joe hipster key roop mein chihnit hain. shilp andolan seey judee kaee sharaab kii karkhanon koo bahurashtriya companiyon dwara apane kabje mein leey liya gayaa haye, jisake baare mein bahas shuru hoe gaee haye
kyaa unhein abhee bhee "shilp" maanaa jaanaa chaahiye.
haalaanki 2010 key dashak key madhya mein angreji bear peene vaalon key liye upalabdh vikalp shayed advitiya haye, pub key bhavishya key baare mein chintaaen hain, prati saptah lagbhag 30 bund hoe rahey hain. kuchh hudd taka iss pravritti koo cumm karane mein craft bear outlet, waiterspoon chain aur micropub movement shamil hain.
waiterspoon shrinkhala ney apane 25 saal key itihas mein lagbhag 900 dukaanon taka vistaar kiya haye, jinamen seey adhikansh paaramparik pub parisar key bajaay poorv dukaanen, baink aur isi tarah key hain. swayam koo mukt grihon key roop mein varnit karate hue, isaki shaakhaaen anya saarvajanik dukaanon kii tulanaa mein kask ell kii ack vistrit shrinkhala pradaan karati hain, aur unhone haal hii mein craft bear kii peshkash shuru kii haye. micropub chhote samudayik pub hain joe seemit khulane key ghanton key saath hain, aur sthaaniya kask eley parr dridhata seey dhyaan kendrit karate hain.
ack surakshit bhavishya key saath, vaastavik eley key liye abhiyaan () pub key sanrakshan parr dhyaan kendrit karane sahit vikalpon key saath apane uddeshyon parr punarvichaar curr rhaa haye.
angreji bear shailiyaan.
kadwa.
kadwa vyaapak shabd ack achchi tarah seey hope kiye gaye peele eley parr lagu kiya jaataa haye, lagbhag 3.5% seey 7% taka taakat aur halke soney seey gahare mahogani rung mein. angreji sharaab banaane vaalon key bear kii taakat mein bhinnata key liye kaee khule naam hain, jaise kii "sabse achchha kadwa", "vishesh kadwa", "atirikt vishesh kadwa" aur "premium kadwa". ack vishesh sharaab kii "sabse achchi kadvi" key alawa ack "sadharan" aur "sabse kadvi" key beach koee sahmat aur paribhaashit antar naheen haye joe aamtaur parr apane "samanya" seey adhik majboot hogi. peene vaalon key dou samooh usa bindu koo alag-alag roop seey chihnit curr sakate hain jiss parr ack "sabse achchha kadwa" phir ack "premium kadwa" bunn jaataa haye. pratyek upa samooh key bheetar hopp star alag-alag honge, halanki "satra kadve" samooh mein hops key liye adhik dhyaan dene yogya honey kii pravritti haye. kadwa koo adhikansh praarupon mein vitarit kiya jaataa haye-dabba seey haath seey kheencha jaataa haye, kegg seey draft parr, chikani pravaah yaa botalband. sharaab peene vaale bear koo nimn prakaar mein samoohbaddh karate hainh
braun aeye. ell.
angreji braun ellis mein bear jaise kii maine mool braun ell seey laker, joe kaafee meethaa aur sharaab mein cumm hotaa haye, uttar purvi braun ell jaise nucasal braun ell, double maxim aur saimuel smith key nutt braun ell taka shamil hain.
halka.
aadhunik samay mein halke koo aam taur parr cumm gurutvaakarshan vaali bear maanaa jaataa haye jisamen cumm hopp darr aur mukhya roop seey maila taaloo hotaa haye. aitihaasik roop seey, halke ellis usa samay key liye maanak shakti key they (aur aadhunik manakon seey majboot). aadhunik halke ellis mukhya roop seey 3 pratishat seey 3.6 pratishat key aeye. bee. vee. key saath gahare rung key hotey hain, halanki halke rung key udaaharan hain, saath hii saath 6 pratishat aeye. bee. vee. aur usase adhik taka pahunchane vaale majboot paaramparik udaaharan bhee hain. halke" shabd kaa mool roop seey taakat yaa ummeed key kadvaahat key star seey koee lena-denaa naheen thaa, balki bear key liye ack label key roop mein thaa joe "watted" (umradaraaz) naheen they aur isaliye unamen kuchh teekha aur thodaa khatta swaad bhee naheen thaa joe lambe samay taka umr badhane key adheen they, jise premium ells kii ack vaanchhaniya visheshta maanaa jaataa thaa.
aadhunik samay kii halki fafoond kii gahare rung kii visheshta yaa tou bhune hue malt yaa carmelized sharkara key upayog seey yaa adhik samanya roop seey, donon seey aaa sakati haye. inn avayavon seey swaad kii visheshtaon mein antar hotaa haye.
halke koo aksar aanshik roop seey purani shally kii binaa kissy kamee key banaane (hops koo 16veen shatabdi mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa) kaa astitva maanaa jaataa haye, aanshik roop seey kadve key ack saste vikalp key roop mein (lambe samay taka halke ack paisa ack bartan thaa, aur kadwa bear tups), aur aanshik roop seey ack sthaayi lekin apekshaakrit maadak peya joe haath seey kaam karane vaale shramikon dwara dopahar key bhojan key samay peene key liye upayukt haye. lekin vaastav mein, halke koo shayed dinn key anya bear seey alag naheen kahaa gayaa thaa, kyonki "halke" shabd kaa mukhya roop seey umr dwara yogdan kiye gaye khatte taing kii kamee koo sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, naa kii hopp charitra yaa maadak shakti kii kamee koo,
ack baar harr pub mein beche jaane key baad, 1960 key dashak key baad lokpriyata mein ack vinashkari girawat kaa anubhav kiya aur united kingdam key kaee hisson seey poori tarah seey gayab honey kaa khatra thaa. haalaanki, haal key varshon mein sookshm sharaab banaane kii ikaaiyon key visfot seey aanshik sudhaar huaa haye, aur halke (kabhi-kabhi 'dark' label vaale) brandon kii badhati sankhya abb banaai jaa rahee haye. inmein seey adhikansh "halke" kii adhik aadhunik vyakhya mein hain...cumm maadak shakti key saath ack meethaa peya.
halka halka aam taur parr samaan hotaa haye, lekin rung mein peela hotaa haye, udaaharan key liye meey key sharaab banaane kii gaanthen. kadvi aur halki halki kii sabse kamjor shailiyon key beach kuchh ativyaapi haye, jisamen aka shabd kaa upayog donon koo sandarbhit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. kadvi" yaa "halki" key roop mein iss tarah key bear kaa padnam fashion key saath badalane kii pravritti rakhta haye. ack achchha udaaharan mcmullan kaa aka haye, jise dashakon key baad halke halke key roop mein kadve key roop mein phir seey chihnit kiya gayaa thaa. ack (19veen shatabdi mein ack bahut hii aam bear naam) koo aksar "halki kadvi bear" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa, jisaki vyakhya "halki" koo "apraapt" key roop mein kii jaati thee.
kuchh sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyon ney paaramparik uchch-gurutvaakarshan vaale majboot halke koo punarjeevit kiya haye, jisamen 6 pratishat yaa usase adhik sharaab kii matra haye, iska utkrisht udaaharan saaraa hugs rubi haye, jise victorian vyanjan key liye banaaya gayaa haye.
berton eley.
berton eley ack majboot eley haye, joe cumm seey cumm 16veen shatabdi seey trent parr berton mein utpaadit hotaa haye, joe kadve seey gahara aur meethaa hotaa haye. ise kabhi-kabhi puraane eley key paryaay key roop mein istemal kiya jaataa haye.
purana aeye. ell.
old eley ack aisaa shabd haye joe 4.5% abv seey oopar key kaale, malty bear parr lagu hotaa haye, jise kabhi-kabhi sheetkaleen warmer bhee kahaa jaataa haye. kaee logon key naam mein "purana" haye, jaise kii thackston kaa purana nucier, marsten kaa odd roser, robbinson kaa purana tomm. kaee sharaab banaane vaale bottle key liye uchch aeye. bee. vee. puraane allus banaate hain, jinamen seey kuchh bottle-condition kiye jaate hain aur kaee varshon taka paripakva hoe sakate hain. inmein seey kuchh majboot sanskaranon koo jou kii sharaab key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. stock eley ack majboot bear haye jiska upayog sharaab banaane kii dukaan mein kamjor bear key saath mishran key liye kiya jaataa haye aur seedhe naheen becha jaataa haye. iss shally key liye shakti kii oopari seema lagbhag 11%-12% abv haye.
porter aur stout.
porter 18veen shatabdi key landan mein vikasit ack aitihaasik roop seey mahatvapurna shally haye, joe stout kaa poorvaj haye. angreji kulee aur stouts aam taur parr puraane ell kii tulanaa mein gahare yaa gahare rung key hotey hain, aur kaafee adhik kadve hotey hain. way bhune hue anaaj key upayog mein gahare halke aur puraane alse seey alag hotey hain, joe kadvaahat koo badhaate hain, aur toast, biscuit yaa coffey kaa swaad dete hain.
shally mein bhinnataon mein daliya kaa aataa, seep kaa aataa, meethaa doodh kaa aataa aur bahut majboot shaahi aataa shamil hain, joe sabhi aam taur parr kewal botalon mein upalabdh hotey hain. inn vishesh biyaron kaa bajar mein ack chhota saa hissa haye, lekin duniya bhar key parkhi logon key liye ruchi kaa vishay hain.
landan porter aam taur parr cumm gurutvaakarshan aur halke shareer mein kadve key karib honey mein stout seey alag hotaa haye. 20veen shatabdi key madhya mein kuliya lagbhag gayab hoe gayaa, lekin 1980 key dashak (jaise.jee. dark starr original, fullers landan porter).
pracheen shailiyaan.
maan, herble swaad key saath ack majboot gehuun kii bear.
chhoti bear ack cumm shakti vaali bear thee jiska sevan sabhi umr key logon dwara poore dinn kiya jaataa thaa. baad mein chhoti bear kaa astitva cumm gurutvaakarshan vaale halke ell aur ladakon key liye kadwa thaa.
stingo yaa spingo majboot yaa purana thaa. yeh naam ack achchi tarah seey paripakva bear key tej, yaa "kasane" vaale swaad seey aaa sakata haye. neele rung kii lunger saraay, helston apane bear koo "spingo" kahata haye. stingo" shabd kaa yorkshire key saath sambandh haye.
teen dhaage aur puuraa. ack bahut baar-baar likhi gaee kahani mein yeh kahaa gayaa haye kii 18veen shatabdi key landan key peene vaalon koo umr (18 maheene taka) aur taaja bear koo teen dhaage key roop mein jaane jaane vaale mishran mein milana pasand thaa, aur ack nishchit ralf harwood ack "poore" bear key saath aaya joe ack hii sharaab mein mishran key swaad koo punah prastut kartaa thaa, aur yeh kii yeh "puuraa" kulee aur stout kaa poorvaj thaa. haalaanki, aadhunik bear vidwan kahani kii sachchai parr sandeh karate hain. phir bhee, kuchh baad key dinon key liye aavashyak utpaad (jaise.jee. purani huns sharaab banaane kii dukaan aur vaapas sharaab banaane kii dukaan).
paschimi desh kii safed bear, ack sahaj kinvit gehuun bear.
aitihaasik roop seey, jhunjhuni ack cumm shakti vaali ell thee joe vishesh roop seey bhaari aur pyaas lagane vaale vyavsaayon jaise kii foundry mein shramikon koo pradaan kii jaati thee. haalaanki, aadhunik samay kii bear jinhen wobble kahaa jaataa haye, way majboot hoti hain.
lazer.
lazer shabd aamtaur parr ingland mein neeche-kinvit bear key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye.
paaramparik angreji bear key eley honey key bavjood, vartamaan angreji bajar kaa aadhe seey adhik hissa abb pilsner aur niryaat shailiyon mein haye. yeye halke rung kii, neeche kinvit bear pahali baar 20veen shatabdi key baad key hisse mein ingland mein vaastavik lokpriyata hassil karna shuru curr dee.
carling, americi/kanadai sharaab banaane vaali vishal company molson coors key swaamitva vaali british aur kanadai mool donon seey, britten mein sabse adhik bikane vaali bear haye aur mukhya roop seey trent parr berton mein banaai jaati haye. iss beach, aaj britten mein sabse badee sharaab banaane vaali dukaan, scotish aind nucasal, jisamen teen mukhya sharaab banaane vaali dukaanen hain (manchester, reeding aur tadcaster), britten kii doosari sabse adhik bikane vaali bear, lazer fosters, banaati haye.
ingland mein lokpriya anya lejaron mein cronenberg (joe scotish aur nucasal seey bhee sambandhit haye) aur stella artois (joe belgian sharaab banaane kii dukaan inbev seey sambandhit haye aur preston key paas samsbury mein banaaya jaataa haye) shamil hain.
bhaaratiya vyanjan ingland mein bahut lokpriya haye aur isake saath kobra bear jaise vishesh lazer vikasit kiye gaye hain.
bear parosi jaa rahee haye.
tapman.
ingland mein bear aamtaur parr tahakhaane key tapman (beach) parr parosi jaati haye, joe aksar ack aadhunik pub mein niyantrit kii jaati haye, halanki tapman swabhavik roop seey mausamon key saath utaar-chadhaav curr sakata haye. angreji bear key samarthakon kaa kahana haye kii yeh anya deshon kii tulanaa mein sookshm swaad parr nirbhar kartaa haye, aur inhen aise tapman parr parosane seey baahar nikala jaataa haye jisase anya bear kathor lagengi. jahan bear mein kathor swaad maujood hotey hain (vishesh roop seey yorkshire mein banaae gaye), yeye paaramparik roop seey ack "sparkler" key saath lagey haind pump key madhyam seey bear parosane seey cumm hotey hain, ack upkaran joe bear key saath havaa koo milata haye, isaliye bear koo havaa detaa haye aur thodaa aukseekrit kartaa haye aur bear koo phome kaa ack aakarshak sir dete hue swaad koo naram kartaa haye.
dabba aur bear.
ack dibba ack pub koo thoke aapoorti kaa paaramparik tarika haye. isake baad peya koo tahakhaane mein ack haind pump, electric pump key madhyam seey yaa jahaan bhee dibba rakhaa jaataa haye, usa parr seedhe dibbe seey gurutvaakarshan dwara parosa jaataa haye. dibbaband bear filter naheen kii gaee aur binaa pasteurized haye, jisase yeh seemit shelf-life detee haye. isamen kritrim karbanikaran kaa abhaav haye, isake bajaay ghulansheel gais kaa utpaadan chala rahey kinwan dwara kiya jaataa haye, gais ghol seey nikalkar kaanch mein bulbule banaati haye. yeye vitaran vidhiyaan eley key saath judee hui hain, haalaanki lazer yaa stout koo usee tarah seey parosane mein koee takniki baadha naheen haye. adhikansh pub bear kheenchane key liye haind pump ("bear injan") kaa upayog karate hain, jabaki stillage aamtaur parr bear tyohaaron mein upayog kiye jaate hain. asli eley key naam seey asli eley key liye abhiyaan dwara kask eley aur bottle seey taiyar bear koo champion banaaya jaataa haye. steel key dibbon seey pahale, bear koo lakadi key bairal mein vitarit kiya jaataa thaa, jise tahakhaane key ramp koo dheere-dheere neeche karane key liye dou rassiyon kaa upayog karke footpath parr ack trap-door key madhyam seey tahakhaane mein neeche utaara jaataa thaa. phir unhein kuchh dinon key liye apane kinaaron parr khadaa honah padaa taaki talchhat bairal key pett key neeche buss jaae, jisake baad unhein (paaramparik roop seey cork) bung (bairal key nichale kinare parr) key poorv-cutt kendra koo ack guchhe key saath peetal key null seey markar bairal mein ghoonsa markar "tapp" kiya jaayega. taba koee pipe connector koo null parr lagaa sakata haye, taaki tahakhaane vaalaa taiyar honey parr null koo chaalu curr sakey. isi tarah, ack kathor lakadi key spile (tapered pegg) key saath bairal key pett key oopari hisse mein ack bung key kendra mein seey ack koo mukka maaraa jaataa haye. kathor lakadi kaa spile havaa kii pahunch koo rokta haye. ack baar jaba nalika upayog mein aaa jaati haye, tou tila koo ack "naram" tila key saath badal diyaa jaataa haye, joe paaramparik roop seey naram lakadi seey banaa hotaa haye, lekin aajkal bandhan-ack saath (lakadi) tantuon seey. naram spile bear kii oopari satah parr ack vacuum banane seey rokta haih yeh bear injan koo kaam karane key liye paryaapt havaa detaa haye, lekin dhool, makkhiyon aur anya shararat karane vaalon koo baahar rakhta haye.
kegg eley.
kegg bear bear key liye ack shabd haye jise baahari carbon dioxide dabaav mein kegg seey parosa jaataa haye. kegg bear koo aksar filter yaa pasteurize kiya jaataa haye, donon hii prakriyaaen hain joe khameer koo nishkriya curr sakati hain, jisase utpaad kii shelf life badh jaati haye. halanki, kuchh logon kaa maanana haye kii yeh swaad kii keemat parr haye.
20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, dabaav vaale paatron seey draft bear parosi jaane luggy. kritrim karbanikaran koo 1936 mein united kingdam mein watney key prayogaatmak pasteurized bear redd bairal key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa. 1970 key dashak kii shuruat taka "draft bear" shabd koo lagbhag vishesh roop seey paaramparik kask yaa bairal bear key vipareet dabaav mein parosi jaane vaali bear key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa.
asli ell key liye abhiyaan kii sthaapana 1971 mein paaramparik-apratirodhya-bear aur banaane key tarikon kii raksha key liye kii gaee thee. kegg bear britten key sabhi hisson mein paaramparik kask eley kii jagah leey rahee thee, mukhya roop seey kyonki ise sambhaalane key liye cumm dekhbhal kii aavashyakta hoti haye. abhiyaan samooh ney dabaav mein parosi jaane vaali bear aur dibbe seey parosi jaane vaali bear key beach antar karane key liye "vaastavik eley" shabd taiyar kiya.
nitroke.
nitrock vitaran kegg vitaran parr ack bhinnata haye, jisamen carbon dioxide (see. oh. 2) key bajaay nitrogen parr jore dene vaale gais mishran kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. yeh stouts aur ayrish "laal" ellis seey judaa huaa haye.
nitrogen kaa upayog uchch dabaav mein kiya jaataa haye jaba sookhe stouts (jaise kii ginness) aur anya malaidar bear vitarit kiye jaate hain kyonki yeh ack samriddh tanga sir aur cumm carbonated swaad banaane key liye (kritrim roop seey) carbon dioxide koo visthaapit kartaa haye. isase bear taaloo parr chikani mahsoos hoti haye aur jhaagdaar roop detee haye. malaidar bear key liye poorv mishrit botalband gais aamtaur parr 75 pratishat nitrogen aur 25 pratishat see. oh. 2 hoti haye. yeh poorv mishrit gais joe kewal malaidar bear key saath achchi tarah seey kaam karati haye, aksar gineej gais, bear gais yaa elaigal key roop mein sandarbhit kii jaati haye. anya bear shailiyon key saath "bear gais" kaa upayog karane seey pratyek kegg mein antim 5 pratishat seey 10 pratishat bear kaa swaad bahut sapaat aur nirjeev hoe sakata haye.
keykeg.
2000 key dashak seey, kaee sharaab banaane vaale aur outlet kegg vitaran parr ack bhinnata pesh curr rahey hain. keykeg gais key dabaav mein utpaad koo vitarit karate hain, lekin ise aantarik roop seey plastic key thaile mein rakhaa jaataa haye, bajaay ack sharaab key dibbe kii tarah, taaki gais bear koo prabhaavit naa karey. keykeg bear koo praakritik roop seey carbonated bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, aur halke seey filter kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase puraane kegg praarup kii kuchh apattiyon koo door kiya jaa sakata haye. phir bhee, yeh puraane kegg praarup key shelf jeevan key sandarbh mein bahut adhik laabh barkarar rakhta haye.
lagbhag kissy bhee prakaar kii bear koo iss praarup mein vitarit kiya jaa sakata haye, halanki yeh mukhya roop seey aayatit, majboot aur vishesh bear seey judee hoti haye. keykeg praarup antarrashtriya star parr bear parivahan key liye upayukt haye, paaramparik kask ell key vipareet, pub aur anya dukaanon koo ack cosmopolitan renz kii peshkash karane kii anumati detaa haye. doosari or, yeh ack plastic ekal-upayog kegg haye. paryaavaran kii drishti seey ack badaa nuksan kyaa haye.
chamakata haye.
sparkler ack aisaa upkaran haye jise bear injan key nozzle seey jodaa jaa sakata haye. shower-haid kii tarah design kii gaee, ack sparkler key madhyam seey vitarit bear vaatit aur jhaagdaar hoe jaati haye jisake parinamswarup ack dhyaan dene yogya sir hotaa haye. kuchh carbon dioxide koo sir mein leey jaaya jaataa haye, jisake parinamswarup samanya carbon dioxide amlata key nuksan key kaaran ack naram, meethaa swaad hotaa haye.
ack sparkler key laabhon key baare mein kuchh vivaad haye. ack tark haye kii sparkler kuchh bear mein swaad aur sugandh koo cumm curr sakata haye, vishesh roop seey hops kii. iska prativaad yeh haye kii sparkler kathorta koo door curr detaa haye. ack pub sparkler kaa paksh leey sakata haye kyonki unake dwara utpaadit badey sir kaa matlab haye kii ise utani bear kii aapoorti karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye.
sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyaan bataa sakati hain kii bear parosate samay sparkler koo pasand kiya jaataa haye yaa naheen. aam taur parr, uttari ingland mein sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyaan apane bear koo ack sparkler key saath pesh karati hain aur dakshin mein binaa sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyaan.
bottle mein rakhee bear.
jabaki draft bear bajar kaa adhikansh hissa letee haye, botalband bear kaa ack majboot sthaan haye aur yeh ack badhata huaa kshetra haye. kuchh brand lagbhag poori tarah seey botalband praarup mein beche jaate hain, jaise kii nucasal braun ell aur worthington white sheeled. camera bottle-vatanukoolit bear koo "bottle mein vaastavik ell" key roop mein badhaava detaa haye.
dukaanen.
angreji pub ack rashtriya sansthaan haye. ack samay mein kuchh pub, jinhen allehouse key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, koo kewal bear bechane kii anumati thee. abb adhikansh pabon koo peya padarthon kii ack shrinkhala bechane key liye licenses praapt haye, jisamen bear kaa ack mahatvapurna anupaat haye. kissy diye gaye pratishthaan mein upalabdh bear kii seema kuchh badey paimaane parr bajar key utpaadon seey laker ack muft ghar mein kask ell aur bottle kiye gaye bear key vistrit chayan taka bhinn hoe sakati haye. baad vaale koo kabhi-kabhi "chaak" kahaa jaataa haye kyonki vartamaan mein dabba key chayan koo aksar blackboard parr likhaa jaataa haye.
kuchh licenses praapt pratishthanon koo pub key bajaay baar maanaa jaataa haye; unake swatantra honey kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye, aur setting mein shahari aur aadhunik shally mein honey kii sambhavana adhik hoti haye. "naee lahar" bear baar paaramparik vaastavik ell pub key kask ell key bajaay duniya bhar seey botalband aur dabaav-vitaran shilp bear mein visheshagyata rakhate hain. kuchh pratishthaan dutch yaa belgium key kaife, yaa german "bearcalor" kii nakal karate hain, jisamen ack naee shally key roop mein, draft aur bottle kii bear kii ack shrinkhala hoti haye.
sabse bund licenses (i.ee. sharaab kii dukaanen) cumm seey cumm ack darjan botalband bear bechati hain. kuchh visheshagya kaee aur bechate hain, aur kuchh kask ells shamil hoe sakate hain jinhen grahakon koo ghar leey jaane key liye containers mein vitarit kiya jaa sakata haye.
angreji mein munich octoberfest jaise bear tyohaaron kii lambe samay seey parampara naheen haye, lekin ack "bear pradarshani" kaa vichaar jahaan ack vistrit vividhata kaa namuna liya jaa sakata haye, 1970 key dashak seey utsaahpoorvak liya gayaa haye.
sabse badaa camera kaa mahaan british bear utsav haye joe harr agast mein aayojit kiya jaataa haye. sthaaniya camera shaakhaaen adhikansh upkhandon mein chhote tyohaaron kaa ayojan karati hain. bear tyohaaron mein aksar sarvshreshth bear kaa mulyankan karane key liye pratiyogitaaen shamil hoti hain.
kaanch key bartan.
aitihaasik peya paatr.
ack tankered peya padarthon kaa ack roop haye jisamen ack badey, motey taur parr belnakar, ack hii handle key saath peene kaa cup hotaa haye. tankered aamtaur parr chaandi, puter yaa kaanch seey baney hotey hain, lekin anya samagriyon seey banaae jaa sakate hain, udaaharan key liye lakadi, cheeni mitty yaa chamade seey. ack tankered mein ack tikaa huaa dhakkan hoe sakata haye, aur kaanch key tala vaale tankered bhee kaafee aam hain. abb kaanch seey baney tancards koo chhodkar shayed hii kabhi tancards kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, lekin aitihaasik tancards kaa upayog aksar sajawati vastuon key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
ack toby jug-jise kabhi-kabhi ack philpot (yaa philpot) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye-ack baithe hue vyakti key roop mein ack mitty key bartan kaa jug haye, yaa ack pahchaanane yogya vyakti (aksar ack angreji raajaa) kaa sir haye. aam taur parr baithaa huaa vyakti ack haath mein bear kaa mug aur dusare mein tambaku kaa pipe pakade hue aur 18 veen shatabdi kii poshak pahane hue ack bhaari-sett, majakia aadami hotaa haih ack lamba coat aur ack tirange kii topi. dhaatu key tankered kii tarah, unhein abb sajawati vastu maanaa jaataa haye.
ack yard off eley yaa yard glass ack bahut lamba bear glass haye jiska upayog bear peene key liye kiya jaataa haye, joe vyaas parr nirbhar kartaa haye. kaanch lagbhag 1 gaj lamba hotaa haye, jisake neeche ack bulb hotaa haye, aur ack chaudi shaft joe oonchaai kaa adhikansh hissa hoti haye. kaanch kii utpatti sambhavatah 17veen shatabdi key ingland mein hui thee, jahan kaanch koo "lamba kaanch", "cambridge yard (kaanch)" aur "ell glass" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa. yeh stagecoach chalakon key saath kinvadanti seey judaa huaa haye, halanki iska upayog mukhya roop seey peene key karnamon aur vishesh bhojan key liye kiya jaataa thaa. jitani jaldi hoe sakey bear seey bharaa ack yard glass peena ack paaramparik pub game haye; kaanch key neeche bulb seey yeh sambhavana banati haye kii pratiyogi koo upalabdhi key anta mein bear kii achaanak bheed key saath chhidka jaayega. gineej book off records" mein ack yard off eley (1.42 leater) kaa sabse tez peene kaa samay paanch sekand haye. australia key poorv pradhaanmantri bobb hock ney ack baar yard peene kaa vishva record banaaya thaa.
vartamaan bear kaa chashma.
bear abb aam taur parr pint aur aadhe pint key chashme mein bechi jaati haye (aadhe pint key chashme aam taur parr pint key chashme key chhote sanskaran hotey hain.). pint glass key samanya aakar hainh
sharaab banaana.
samagri.
sabse prasiddh angreji hopp kismein fagal aur golding hain, halanki vaanijyik dabaav sharaab banaane vaalon koo uchch upaj dene vaali aadhunik kismon kaa upayog karane key liye jhukaa sakate hain. aadhunik sharaab banaane vaale kabhi-kabhi americi yaa mahadvipiya hops kaa bhee upayog karate hain. dakshin-poorv ingland, vishesh roop seey kent, paaramparik hopp ugaane vaalaa kshetra haye; uttar aur paschim mein sharaab banaane vaale malt charitra key saath bear kaa utpaadan karke hops key ayaat kii laagat koo cumm karane key liye upayog karate they, ack kshetriya antar joe poori tarah seey gayab naheen huaa haye. ack vishisht takneek dry hopping haye, jahan praarambhik phode mein jaane vaale hops key alawa kinwan charan key dauran hops jode jaate hain. versestershire aur yahaan key fordshire bhee ack pramukh hopp-ugaane vaalaa kshetra rhaa haye. kshetron kaa shabdjal kuchh shabdon mein kent seey alag haye. iss prakaar kent mein sukhaane vaale ghar koo ack ost-house key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, versestershire mein ack bhatte key roop mein, ack hopp-feeled koo hopp-garden kahaa jaataa haye, versestershire mein ack hopp-yard.
marris otter sabse prasiddh jou haye jiska upayog sharaab banaane mein kiya jaataa haye. vibhinn rangon aur swaadon koo praapt karane key liye malt kaa kaee tarikon seey ilaaj kiya jaa sakata haye, vishesh roop seey bhoonane kii degree dwara. jou, gehuun kaa malt yaa binaa mult vaale jou koo bhee iss maish mein shamil kiya jaa sakata haye.
paani-jise "sharaab" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye-banaane mein ack mahatvapurna ghatak haye, aur badey sharaab banaane vaale karkhane aksar apane kuon seey aapoorti karate hain. berton onn trent (neeche dekhein) apane paani kii soojan key liye prasiddh haye, aur isake khanij santulan koo aksar kritrim roop seey coppy kiya jaataa haye.
sheersh-kinwan yeast sakriya rahate hue kinwan bear kii satah parr rahate hain, isaliye sheersh-kinwan bear lazer kii tulanaa mein cumm praakritik roop seey spasht hoti hain aur kabhi-kabhi unhein spasht karane key liye finning kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. aadhunik sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyaan khameer key apane vishisht upabhed koo saavdhaanipoorvak banaae rakhti hain.
angreji sharaab banaane vaalon koo sahayak key upayog mein ack swatantra haath kii anumati haye jisamen shahad, adarak aur masaale shamil hoe sakate hain, halanki yeh abhyaas aam naheen haye.
sharaab banaane kii dukaanen.
angreji sharaab banaane koo aksar chaar-stariya sanrachana maanaa jaataa haye.
sharaab banaane vaale.
britten mein 20veen shatabdi key dauran adhikansh paaramparik pub joe pub key peechhe key hisse mein apane swayam key sharaab banaane vaale pub mein baney, badey sharaab banaane vaale karkhanon dwara khareede gaye aur parisar mein sharaab banaana bund curr diyaa gayaa. 1970 key dashak key madhya taka kewal chaar sharaab banaane vaale baney rahey, sabhi rashtra, purana huns, teen sur aur neela lunger.
baad mein sharaab banaane vaale pub phir seey jeevit hoe gaye, vishesh roop seey farkin pub shrinkhala key uday key saath, jinake adhikansh pub parisar mein baney, shikhar parr sou seey adhik taka chaley. haalaanki, usa shrinkhala koo betch diyaa gayaa aur antatah isake pabon ney apani khud kii bear banaana bund curr diyaa. sharaab banaane key anya roopon key liye sharaab banaane key karkhanon mein girawat ack vardan thaa, kyonki isase prashikshit shilp banaane vaale aur sharaab banaane key upkaran kii upalabdhata hui.
british sharaab banaane vaale pratishthanon koo restaraan key roop mein doguna karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye, jaisa kii kuchh kshetradhikaron mein hotaa haye. kaee loga eley mein visheshagyata rakhate hain, jabaki anya loga mahadvipiya shailiyon jaise lazer aur wheatbear banaate hain. chhote swatantra sharaab banaane vaale pabon key vartamaan udaaharan hain-eley, burnley mantralaya; messions arms, headington, oxford; brunswick inn, derby; watermill pub, ings, kambriya; purani tope banaane kii dukaan, sent admonds aur fernands sharaab banaane kii dukaan, null aur bear keller, wakefield.
tyee.
18veen shatabdi mein landan key badey porter sharaab banaane kii dukaanon key vikas key baad, pabon key liye yeh pravritti badhee kii way bandhe hue ghar bunn gaye joe kewal ack sharaab banaane kii dukaan seey bear betch sakate they (iss tarah seey bandhe hue pub koo ack muft ghar kahaa jaataa thaa). ack bandhe hue ghar key liye samanya vyavastha yeh thee kii pub sharaab banaane vaali dukaan key swaamitva mein thaa, lekin ack niji vyakti (makaan malik) koo kiraaye parr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe ise ack alag vyavasaay key roop mein chalaata thaa (bhale hii sharaab banaane vaali dukaan seey bear khareedane key liye anubandhit hoe). ack aur bahut hii aam vyavastha thee (aur haye) kii makaan malik sharaab banaane vaale seey swatantra roop seey parisar (chaahe vaha freehold hoe yaa leasehold) kaa malik hoe, lekin phir sharaab banaane vaali dukaan seey bandhak rinn lena, yaa tou shuru mein pub kii khareed key vittaposhan key liye, yaa ise navinikrit karane key liye, aur solas tyee kaa paalan karane key liye rinn kii avadhi key roop mein aavashyak honah. 20veen shatabdi key anta mein ack badhati pravritti sharaab banaane vaali companiyon key liye apane pub koo seedhe chalaane kii thee, jisamen ack vetanbhogi prabandhak (joe shayed commission seey yaa bhojan bechkar atirikt paisa kamaa sakata thaa) koo niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
iss tarah key adhikansh sharaab banaane key karkhane, jaise kii kshetriya sharaab banaane vaali company kent mein paalak, joe 1698 seey sharaab banaane kaa daavaa karati haye aur landan mein yuva, britten key ack vishesh kshetra mein saikadon pabon koo niyantrit karate hain, jabaki kuchh, jaise green king, rashtriya star parr faile hue hain. ack bandhe hue pub kaa makaan malik sharaab banaane vaali dukaan kaa karmchari hoe sakata haye-iss mamle mein vaha ack prabandhit ghar kaa prabandhak hoga, yaa ack swa-niyojit kirayedar hoga jisane ack sharaab banaane vaali dukaan key saath patta samjhauta kiya haye, jisaki ack shart kewal usa sharaab banaane vaali dukaan kii bear khareedane key liye kanuni daayitva (vyaapaar sambandh) haye. yeh bandha huaa samjhauta kiraayedaron koo bajar key kiraaye seey neeche vyaapaar parisar pradaan kartaa haye joe logon koo swa-rojgar mein cumm laagat vaale pravesh pradaan kartaa haye. bear kaa chayan mukhya roop seey usa vishesh company dwara banaai gaee bear taka seemit haye. 1989 mein paarit bear kaanoon kii aapoorti kaa uddeshya ack anya sharaab kii dukaan seey cumm seey cumm ack vaikalpik bear, jise atithi bear key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, kii peshkash karane key liye gharon koo baandhana thaa. iss kaanoon koo abb nirast curr diyaa gayaa haye, lekin lagu honey key dauran isane udyog koo naatakiya roop seey badal diyaa haye.
1980 key dashak key baad seey khaadya, hotal yaa sampatti kshetron mein badee companiyon dwara avashoshit yaa adhigrahan dwara banane vaali kaee sharaab kii karkhanon koo dekhaa gayaa. pub-swaamitva vaale vyavasaay key cumm laabh key kaaran kaee sharaab banaane vaali companiyan apani pub estate bechati hain, vishesh roop seey shaharon mein, aksar chhoti shrinkhalaon kii ack naee peedhi koo, jinamen seey kaee abb kaafee badh gaye hain aur jinaki rashtriya upasthiti haye. anya pub shrinkhalaaen, jaise "aul baar vann" aur "slug aur latice" yuva-unmukh vatavaran pradaan karate hain, joe aksar paaramparik pabon kii tulanaa mein badey parisaron mein hotey hain.
ack muft ghar ack pub haye joe kissy ack vishesh sharaab banaane kii dukaan key niyantran seey mukt haye. muft ghar, lekin jaruri naheen kii, atithi bear kii ack vividh chayan shrinkhala kii seva curr sakate hain. kuchh pub chain bhee aisaa karate hain.
trent parr berton.
sadiyon seey, sthaaniya paani kii gunavatta (borhole seey, nadee key trent seey naheen) key kaaran berton onn trent sharaab banaane key udyog seey judaa huaa haye. yeh paani mein ghulansheel lavanon key uchch anupaat seey aataa haye, joe mukhya roop seey aspas kii pahaadiyon mein jipsum key kaaran hotaa haye; parinamswarup sulfate hops koo baahar laataa haye-dekhein bertenization. shahar key bheetar aur usake aspas kii khuli bhoomi iss paani kii gunavatta koo sanrakshit karane mein madad karane key liye rasayanik upchaar seey sanrakshit haye.
shahar abhee bhee saat sharaab banaane vaalon kaa ghar haih
sharaab banaane kaa baas sangrahalaya-jiska naam badalkar coors agantuk kendra curr diyaa gayaa thaa, juuna 2008 taka jaari rhaa. ise 2010 mein villium worthington sharaab banaane kii dukaan aur isake ell key roop mein phir seey khola gayaa thaa-jisamen worthington laal dhaal, safed dhaal aur "ee" shamil hain, joe mukhya roop seey onn-site sharaab banaane kii dukaan key madhyam seey beche jaate hain.
sharaab banaane key udyog kaa ack upa-utpaad, alankarik aur shaabdik roop seey, shahar mein marmite karkhana haih marmite koo sharaab banaane vaale key khameer seey banaaya jaa rhaa haye. sharaab banaane vaali ikaaiyon key saath yeh kshetra koo ack vishisht gandh dey sakata haye.
bear kii ack pealy aur achchi tarah seey koodane vaali shally koo bhaarat key peele eley key vikas key samanantar berton mein vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. pahale, angrej mukhya roop seey dark stout aur porter bear peete they, lekin peele rung key bear kaa prachalan thaa. iss vyaapaar parr berton kaa varchasva thaa aur isaki oonchaai parr britten mein bechi jaane vaali sabhi bear kaa ack chauthai hissa yahaan utpaadit kiya jaataa thaa. haalaanki 1880 mein tees seey adhik sharaab banaane kii ikaaiyaan darj kii gaeen, vilay aur khareed-out kii ack prakriya key parinamswarup 1980 taka teen mukhya sharaab banaane kii ikaaiyaan bachee raheenh baas, ind koop aur marsten.
berton ellis kii prasiddhi ney dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran angreji saumyokti koo janm diyaa, jiska arth haye laapata honah yaa marr jaanaa.
sharaab banaane key udyog key saath shahar kaa sambandh kharidari kendra mein berton cooper kii moorti dwara manaaya jaataa haye.
berton onn trent koo bear praudyogiki vritton mein berton union resurculating fermenter system key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, jiska upayog abb kewal marsten key sharaab banaane kii dukaan dwara kiya jaataa haye (anya sabhi berton sharaab banaane vaalon ney steinless steel parr switch kiya haye).
ghar parr sharaab banaana.
1963 seey binaa licenses key ghar parr kissy bhee matra mein bear banaana kanuni rhaa haye, basharte kii ise becha naa jaae. ghar parr sharaab banaana ack lokpriya shauk haye, jisamen kaee shaharon mein ghar parr sharaab banaane kii dukaanen hain. eley koo aamtaur parr banaaya jaataa haye, aavashyak upkaran lazer key liye usase saral hotey hain.
sharaab banaane vaali.
sharaab banaane kaa sthaan kissy bhee vastu koo sandarbhit kartaa haye jisamen sharaab banaane kaa naam yaa brand naam hotaa haye, aamtaur parr unhein ack shauk key roop mein ekatra karane key sambandh mein. udaharanon mein bear key dibbe, botalen, kholane vaale, tinn key sanket, coaster, bear tray, lakadi key mamle aur neon key sanket shamil hain.

