mendam berahi

mendam barahi ack prasiddh shaahi ghaali ("ghaali kenaikan raajaa") thee jiska upayog 16veen shatabdi mein malakka saltanat dwara kiya jaataa thaa. jaba vaha chaudah deshon yaa shaharon kii yatra kartaa thaa tou jahaaj admiral haing tuaa key niyantran mein thaa. jahaaj kaa upayog anya deshon key saath sambandh sthaapit karane, vyaapaar karane aur parivahan key liye bhee kiya jaataa thaa, jisamen teerthyatriyon koo makka laana shamil thaa. makka kii yatra maheenon taka chully aur isake liye bhojan kii nirantar aapoorti kii aavashyakta thee. halanki, "mendam barahi" badee matra mein bhojan, paani aur anya aavashyaktaon kaa parivahan naheen curr sakata thaa, isaliye kharaab mausam seey aapoorti aur aashray praapt karane key liye jahaaj koo bandargaahon parr rukna padaa. jahaaj key abhilekh kewal "hikaayat haing tuaa" mein paae jaate hain, aur anya malay vivaran jaise kii malay itihas ise darj naheen karate hain. hikaayat haing tuaa" 17veen shatabdi key baad likhaa gayaa thaa, (ghatana key 100 saal seey adhik samay baad), isaliye isamen prastut jaankaari galat hoe sakati haye. "hikaayat haing tuaa" nott kartaa haye kii haing tuaa kii kahani usee samayrekha mein haye joe jangla samrajya (1045-1136) seey raydon inu key roop mein haye joe vaastav mein jawani panaji kahaaniyon seey aatee haye. purtagaali vivaranon mein "mendam barahi" koo bhee darj naheen kiya gayaa haye, halanki tome pires key "sumaa oriental" mein ack badey jahaaj key sandarbh hain, jahaan unhone malakka key ack "pramukh" kaa ullekh kiya haye jisamen kaee bambari hui thee. haalaanki, yeh jahaaj jaruri naheen kii "mendam barahi" hoe, aur yeh ack aur jahaaj hoe sakata haye.
varnan.
"mendam berahi" 60 "gaj" (180 feat yaa 54.9 meater) lamba thaa jisaki chaudaai 6 "depa" (36 feat yaa 11 meater) thee. rohaida kamaruddin key adhyayan key anusaar, purani malay pandulipiyon mein ullikhit ikaaiyon key roopaantaran kaa parinam 50.292 m kii lambai aur 10.9728 m kii chaudaai mein hoga. iravan dajoko nugroho key anusaar, lambai 50 meater aur chaudaai 12 meater haye, jabaki pier-yaves manguin ney ise 67 meater lamba aur 11 meater chauda honey kaa anuman lagaaya haye, jisamen samanya lambai-seey-chaudaai kaa anupaat lagbhag 7:1 key gally parr paaya jaataa haye. salleh yapar, jahaaj mein teen mastak, 100 patwar they, aur yeh 400 logon koo leey jaa sakata haye, lekin yeh kewal ack anuman haye, yeh maujooda "haing tuaa hikaayat" pandulipi mein naheen paaya jaataa haye. jahaaj 7 "mariam" (deshi tope) seey lais thaa. jahaaj koo ack majboot frame key saath banaaya gayaa thaa, aur divaaron kaa nirmaan sunder wenscoating key saath kiya gayaa thaa, aur peele, laal aur harey rung key makhmali kapade seey dhakaa huaa thaa. chhat (sambhavatah peechhe key kebin kii chhat kaa ullekh karate hue) peele aur laal kaanch seey bunny thee, jisamen baadlon aur bijli koo darshaane vaale kaee pattern they. jahaaj koo shaahi peele kapade seey bhee sajaaya gayaa thaa aur simhaasan seey susajjit kiya gayaa thaa.
itihas.
hikaayat haing tuaa" mein kahaa gayaa haye kii jahaaj malakka key raajaa key uddeshya seey banaaya gayaa thaa, majaapahit kii rajkumari koo prastaav dene key liye, jiska naam raydon galuh sendera kirana (yaa anya sanskaran mein raydon maas ayu) thaa, jiska chehra ack chamakate hue poorna chandrama key roop mein sunder aur soney key roop mein shuddh shareer key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. iss jahaaj key nirmaan mein 30-40 dinn lagey. kaam koo tej karane key liye, malakka key "bendahara" (khajanedar) ney ise kaee samoohon mein vibhajit kiyaah dhanush parr latkaane kaa kaam kiya, jahaaj key madhya bhaag parr kaam karane key liye jahaaj nirmaataon koo niyukt kiya gayaa, aur "bendahara" ney jahaaj key stern parr kaam kiya. alankrit pattern koo haing tuaa dwara design kiya gayaa thaa, aur mukhya maast aur mizenmast key beach kii jagah key liye "bendahara" dwara design kiya gayaa thaa, dhanush seey laker mukhya maast taka koo bhee haing tuaa dwara design kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki haing jebat, haing lekir, haing leku, aur sabhi shaahi gaayak aur gulam nakkashi karate hain. haing tuaa vaha thaa jisane jahaaj koo "mendam berahi" (gupt ichcha key liye maale) naam dene kaa prastaav rakhaa thaa.
nirmaan puuraa honey key baad, "mendam barahi" malakka key raajaa kii ichchhaon koo vyakt karane key liye majaapahit key "betaa" (raajaa) koo patra aur upahaar laane key liye majaapahit key liye ravaana huaa. "mendam barahi" prasthaan salami key roop mein "bedil" kii golibari key saath shuru huaa. jaba way majapahit pahunche, tou malakkan dooton key bede ney "bedil" seey golibari karke unake aagaman kaa sanket diyaa, jisase machuaare darr gaye. patih karm vijay aur haing tuaa ney bataaya kii saat malakkan jahaaj aaa rahey they, aur unakaa irada majaapahit key raajaa kii betty koo prastaav denaa haye. malay samooh koo unaki gunavatta kaa pareekshan karane key liye kaee pareekshan aur pareekshan diye gaye, aur anta mein haing tuaa koo mejarpaahit key "betara" dwara admiral (maaleh "luxmana", jaavaanih "pengwa agung") kii upaadhi dee gaee. majapahit mein vyaapaar samaapt honey key baad, "mendam berahi" 7 dinon key liye tuban aur 3 dinn aur 3 raaton key liye jayakarta key liye ravaana huaa. pati karm vijay 7 dinon taka anya jahaajon kii prateeksha karate hue jayakarta mein rhaa. sabhi jahaajon key ikattha honey key baad way ravaana hoe gaye aur kuchh dinon mein palembang pahunch gaye. patih karm vijay aur haing tuaa anya jahaajon kaa intezar karna bund curr diyaa. sabhi jahaajon key aaney key baad, way malakka key liye ravaana hoe gaye.
malakka key raajaa key majaapahit kii rajkumari seey shaadi karane key liye jaava jaane seey pahale, unhone ack aur jahaaj key nirmaan kaa adesh diyaa. iss jahaaj koo "kumbhang noori" key aakar mein design kiya gayaa thaa kyonki yeh malakka kii bhavishya kii raani aur usaki prateeksha karane vaali mahilaaon key liye thaa aur kyonki design kaee topon koo leey jaa sakata thaa. raajaa ney jahaaj kaa naam "kotaa segara cooning" (yaa buss "kotaa segara") rakhaa thaa. malakkan shaahi dall majaapahit key liye ravaana huaa, raajaa haing tuaa, haing jebat, haing kasturi, haing lekir aur haing leku key saath "kotaa segara" parr savaar huaa, jabaki patih karma vijay, tune beej suur, aur sabhi doot aur shaahi hastaksharkarta "mendam berahi" parr savaar hue. shaadi khatm honey key baad, "mendam berahi" tuban-jayakarta-palembang maarg seey malakka laut aaya. palembang pahunchate hii malakka key raajaa koo khabar millie kii jaya nantka ney malakka koo apani khabar dene key liye calling seey 30 "perahu" bheje they, lekin unamen seey 20 koo purtagaliyon ney nasht curr diyaa thaa.
kuchh samay baad, admiral haing tuaa dwara "mendam berahi" kaa upayog inderpura jaane key liye kiya gayaa thaa taaki yeh pushti kii jaa sakey kii kyaa megat terrengano, joe inderpura mein thaa, malakka parr hamla karane kii yojana banaa rhaa thaa. "mendam berahi" kaa upayog haing tuaa, haing jebat aur haing kesturi dwara bhee kiya jaataa thaa, jaba dou majapahit dooton rangaga aur barrit ketika ney malakka key raajaa seey sawal kiya kii unhone majapahit mein ack doot kyon naheen bheja. haing tuaa ney jawab diyaa kii malakka ney majaapahit mein doot naheen bheje, iska kaaran yeh thaa kii malakka parr megat terrengano aur inderpura key raajaa dwara hamla kiya jaayega. majapahit mein mamla samaapt honey key baad, haing tuaa ney malakka key raajaa (gaaya nandka) key chhote bhaai key baare mein poochhane key liye calling kii bhoomi parr jaane key liye "mendam berahi" kaa upayog kiya, saath hii tune kesturi joe calling bhasha jaanate hain aur jinhen maharaja setia naam seey sammaanit kiya gayaa haye. "mendam berahi" kaa upayog inderpura desh parr hamla karane key liye bhee kiya jaataa thaa.
1509 mein, jaba purtagaali pahali baar malakka pahunche, tou admiral haing tuaa beemar thaa. "mendam berahi" maharaja setia kii kamaan mein thaa, aur jahaaj 2 purtagaali "jalila" (ack prakaar kaa jahaaj) koo pakadane aur dubane mein kamyab rhaa. yeh dekhkar kii unaki sankhya adhik thee, malakkan bedaa malakka mein peechhe hutt gayaa aur saath aaney key liye latka huaa tuaa kahaa. haing tuaa antatah yuddh mein shamil honey key liye sahmat hoe gayaa. donon bede mille aur ack-dusare parr hamla kiya. anta mein, haing tuaa koo goli maar dee gaee aur paani mein gir gayaa, anta mein sainikon dwara "mendam barahi" mein chadhane mein madad karane seey pahale. malakkan bedaa purtagaali bede key saath peechha karate hue malakka bhaag gayaa, lekin unake netaa koo bhee ghayal hotey hue aur purtagaal vaapas laae jaane key liye kahate hue, purtagaali bedaa antatah vaapas chalaa gayaa.
purtagaliyon key khatare key saath, malakka key raajaa ney admiral haing tuaa aur maharaja setia koo rumm (ottoman samrajya) key desh mein "bedil" (bandooken) aur badey "mariam" (topein) khareedane kaa adesh diyaa. haing tuaa kaee naukaaon key saath "mendam barahi" parr chalaa gayaa. 5 dinn aur 5 raaton key baad, vaha lagbhag 12 dinon taka vahaan rahane key liye aas mein aaya. paryaapt aapoorti praapt karane key baad, haing tuaa lagbhag 10 dinon key baad vahaan pahunchate hue, deva dweep (maldiv) key liye ravaana huaa. 2 maheene taka naukaayan karane key baad, "mendam berahi" jedda mein aaya. tooh, maharaja setia aur unake dall koo kuchh samay key liye lunger daal curr, poorv sandhya key makbare parr jaane kaa irada rakhate hue latka dein. way 2 dinn aur 2 raat paidal makka pahunche aur huzz key stambhon kaa pradarshan kiya. way paigambar muhammad aur unake sathiyon kii kabron kaa daura karane key liye madina bhee gaye. tirthayatra seey lautane key baad, samooh 20 dinon key liye misra gayaa aur bandooken khareedane aur unhein naukaaon parr chadhaane key liye lagbhag 3 maheene taka vahaan rhaa. "hikaayat haing tuaa" yeh bhee bataata haye kii kaise malakkan naukaaen aur jahaaj 17 dinon taka ravaana hue aur istambul mein pahunche, lekin vaastav mein, yeh maarg paarit naheen kiya jaa sakaa kyonki usa samay suez nahar maujood naheen thee. joe bhee mamla hoe, rumm mein way lagbhag 800 badee aur chhoti bandooken khareedane mein kamyab rahey, saath hii misra mein pahale kharidi gaee 120 bandooken. samooh lagbhag 4 maheene key naukaayan key baad malakka mein vaapas aaya.
pramanikta.
mendam berahi kaa astitva abhee bhee sandigdh haye, kyonki iska ullekh kewal "hikaayat haing tuaa" mein kiya gayaa thaa, aur kissy anya malay pandulipiyon ney isake astitva kaa ullekh naheen kiya thaa. samkaaleen purtagaali abhilekhon seey sanket milata haye kii 1530 key dashak key anta mein kshetriya bede mein gally dikhaai diye, isase pahale malay bede kaa mukhya aadhar lankeran thaa. 1560 key dashak taka ghaali adhik vyaapak naheen hoe gayaa thaa, jiska upayog jyaadaatar malay logon dwara naheen, balki asani logon dwara kiya jaataa thaa. ghaali" shabd swayam purtagaali bhasha seey liya gayaa ack shabd haye, isaliye malakka saltanat key sunhare dinon key dauran "ghaali" kaa astitva ack kaalaatit haye. malay praaydweep key nivaasiyon ney badey jahaajon kaa upayog naheen kiya. nausena yuddh mein, malayon ney lankeran aur banting kaa upayog kiya, joe stun patwar (paddle) aur 2 maast dwara sanchaalit they, jisamen 2 rudder (patwar key donon taraf ack) they. malay loga samudra mein nauvahan karane key aadee naheen hain, way kewal malay praaydweep key taton parr tata yatra karate hain.
halanki "hikaayat haing tuaa" kii kahani malakka saltanat (1400-1511) mein sthaapit haye, yeh 17 veen shatabdi mein johor saltanat mein hui ghatnaaon koo darshaati haye, vishesh roop seey 1640 seey 1670 key dashak mein johor key swarn yug mein. mukhya charitra, haing tuaa, ack kaalpanik charitra haye, lekin kahani aanshik roop seey johor key admiral abdul-all-jameel kii sachchi kahani parr adharit haye. topon koo khareedane key liye malakkan doot kii rumm (ottoman turk) kii yatra spasht roop seey kabhi naheen hui, yeh 16 veen shatabdi mein ottoman samrajya mein esni dutaavaason kii ack shrinkhala key bhejane parr adharit thee.
pratikriti pariyojana.
itihaskaron kii ack team dwara klebang mein "mendam berahi" kii ack pratikriti banaai jaayegi, aur isaki laagat 1 karod malay ringit hogi. iss pariyojana koo puuraa honey mein 2 saal lagane kii ummeed haye.
vishvavidyalaya key putra malaysia ganitiya anusandhaan sansthaan ney duniya bhar seey praapt purani pandulipiyon key adhyayan key aadhar parr iss shodh aur jahaaj nirmaan pariyojana kaa netritva kiya, jisamen jahaaj kii upasthiti kaa varnan kiya gayaa thaa. ekatra kii gaee jaankaari koo phir aadhunik bhasha mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye aur aakar kaa anuman lagaaya jaataa haye. yeh pariyojana 2023 mein taiyar honey kaa anuman haye.
ack malay vidwan bhee haye joe mendam barahi jahaaj kii pratikriti banaane seey asahmat haye. pro. dow. ahmed jelani halimi ney shodh kiya aur nishkarsh nikala kii galley-type jahaaj (ghaali) kaa upayog kabhi bhee malakka saltanat dwara apane swarn yug mein naheen kiya gayaa thaa. 1511 mein malakka key patan key baad purtagaliyon dwara gally-prakaar key jahaaj koo dweepsamuh mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa, aur mendam barahi key record kewal ack gair-samkaaleen srot ("hikaayat haing tuaa") seey 1 saahityik kaary mein paae jaate hain, binaa kissy samarthan yaa tulanaa srot key.

