aar. aine. aeye.-seik

aar. aine. aeye.-seik (aar. aine. aeye. anukraman key sankshipt naam key roop mein naamit) ack anukraman takneek haye joe ack javic namoone mein aar. aine. aeye. kii upasthiti aur matra koo prakat karane key liye agali peedhi key anukraman (aine. jee. aiss.) kaa upayog karati haye, joe koshikaon key gatishil pool aar. aine. aeye. key ack samagr snapshot kaa pratinidhitva karati haye, jise pratilekh key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
vishesh roop seey, aar. aine. aeye.-seik vaikalpik jeane spliesed pratilekhon, post-transcriptional sanshodhanon, jeane sanlayan, utparivartan/snaps aur samay key saath jeane abhivyakti mein parivartan, yaa vibhinn samoohon yaa upchaaron mein jeane abhivyakti mein antar koo dekhane kii kshamata kii suvidha pradaan kartaa haye. aim. aar. aine. aeye. pratilekhon key alawa, aar. aine. aeye.-seik. aar. aine. aeye. kii vibhinn aabaadi koo kull aar. aine. aeye., chhote aar. aine. aeye., jaise kii mirna, trana aur ribosomal profiling koo shamil karane key liye dekh sakata haye. aar. aine. aeye.-seik kaa upayog exon/intron seemaon koo nirdhaarit karane aur pahale 5 'aur 3' jeane seemaon koo satyaapit karane yaa sanshodhit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. aar. aine. aeye.-seik mein haal kii pragati mein ekal koshika anukraman, nishchit ootak key sthaan anukraman, aur ekal-anu vaastavik-samay anukraman key saath deshi aar. aine. aeye. anu anukraman shamil hain. jaiv soochana vigyaan algorithm kii pragati key kaaran ubharate aar. aine. aeye.-seik anuprayogon key anya udaaharan hain pratilipi sankhya parivartan, sookshmajeev sandushan, pargamya tatva, koshika prakaar (vikarshan) aur neoantigen kii upasthiti.
aar. aine. aeye.-seik seey pahale, jeane abhivyakti adhyayan sankaran-adharit sookshm aire key saath kiye gaye they. sookshm-sankaran key saath muddon mein cross-hybridisation kalaakritiyaan, nimn aur atyadhik vyakt jeane kii kharaab matra, aur anukram "aeye priory" koo jaanane kii aavashyakta shamil haye. inn takniki muddon key kaaran, pratilekhan-shaastra anukraman-adharit tarikon mein parivartit hoe gayaa. yeye vyakt anukram tagg pustakalayon key gaayak anukraman seey rasayanik tagg-adharit tarikon (jaise.jee., jeane abhivyakti kaa kramik vishleshan), aur anta mein vartamaan praudyogiki key liye, poorak dna (cdna) kii agali-peedhi anukraman, vishesh roop seey rna-seik.
vidhiyaan.
pustakalaya kii taiyari.
anukraman key liye ack poorak dna (see. dee. aine. aeye.) pustakalaya taiyar karane key samanya charanon kaa varnan neeche kiya gayaa haye, lekin aksar platforms key beach bhinn hotey hain.
poorak dna anukraman (see. dee. aine. aeye.-secue).
aar. aine. aeye. jaiv-prakaron seey praapt see. dee. aine. aeye. pustakalaya koo phir computer-pathaniya praarup mein anukramit kiya jaataa haye. see. dee. aine. aeye. anukraman key liye kaee uchch-utpaadan anukraman praudyogikiyan hain jinamen roshni, thermo fisher, bgi/mgi, pacbio aur oxford nanopore praudyogikiyon dwara vikasit munch shamil hain. roshni key liye laghu-paath anukraman, see. dee. aine. aeye. anukraman key liye ack samanya takneek, adaptors koo see. dee. aine. aeye. seey jodaa jaataa haye, dee. aine. aeye. koo ack pravaah koshika seey jodaa jaataa haye, samooh pull pravardhan aur vikriteekaran key chakron key madhyam seey utpann hotey hain, aur anukram-dwara-sanshleshan poorak strand sanshleshan key chakron mein kiya jaataa haye aur prativarti terminator key saath aadharon key lazer uttejana. anukraman munch chayan aur mapdand prayogaatmak design aur laagat dwara nirdeshit hotey hain. samanya prayogaatmak design vichaaron mein anukraman kii lambai, anukraman kii gaharaai, ekal banaam yugmit-anta anukraman kaa upayog, pratikritiyon kii sankhya, bahugunan, yaadrichhikta aur spike-inn shamil hain.
chhote aar. aine. aeye./gair-coding aar. aine. aeye. anukraman.
jaba aim. aar. aine. aeye. key alawa aar. aine. aeye. kaa anukraman kiya jaataa haye, tou pustakalaya kii taiyari koo sanshodhit kiya jaataa haye. cellular aar. aine. aeye. kaa chayan vaanchhit aakar seema key aadhar parr kiya jaataa haye. chhote aar. aine. aeye. lakshyon key liye, jaise kii mirna, aar. aine. aeye. koo aakar chayan key madhyam seey alag kiya jaataa haye. ise aakar key bahishkaran jail key saath, aakar chayan chumbakiya motiyon key madhyam seey, yaa vyaavsaayik roop seey vikasit kitt key saath kiya jaa sakata haye. ack baar alag honey key baad, 3 'aur 5' key anta mein linkers jode jaate hain aur phir shuddh kiye jaate hain. antim charan riverse transcription key madhyam seey see. dee. aine. aeye. peedhi haye.
pratyaksh aar. aine. aeye. anukraman.
kyonki aar. aine. aeye. koo see. dee. aine. aeye. mein parivartit karna, bandhan, pravardhan aur anya namuna herferon koo pakshapaat aur kalakritiyon koo pesh karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye joe pratilekhon key uchit charitra varnan aur matratmakta donon mein hastakshep curr sakate hain, ekal anu pratyaksh aar. aine. aeye. anukraman koo helicos (diwalia), oxford nanopore praudyogikiyon aur anya sahit companiyon dwara khoja gayaa haye. yeh praudyogiki aar. aine. aeye. anuon koo seedhe badey paimaane parr-samanantar tareeke seey anukram karati haye.
ekal-anu vaastavik-samay aar. aine. aeye. anukraman.
badey paimaane parr samanantar ekal anu pratyaksh aar. aine. aeye.-seik koo paaramparik aar. aine. aeye.-seik key vikalp key roop mein khoja gayaa haye, jisamen aar. aine. aeye.-seey-see. dee. aine. aeye. roopaantaran, bandhan, pravardhan aur anya namuna herfer kadam purvagrah aur kalakritiyon koo pesh curr sakate hain. ekal-anu vaastavik-samay aar. aine. aeye.-secue kaa pradarshan karane vaale praudyogiki platforms mein oxford nanopore praudyogikiyaan (oh. aine. tii.) nanopore anukraman, pacbio isosec aur helicos (diwalia) shamil hain. aar. aine. aeye. koo apane mool roop mein anukramit karna methylation jaise sanshodhanon koo sanrakshit kartaa haye, jisase unaki seedhe aur ack saath jaanch kii jaa sakati haye. ekal-anu aar. aine. aeye.-secue kaa ack aur laabh yeh haye kii pratilekhon koo poori lambai mein shamil kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase alp-pathit anukraman kii tulanaa mein uchch aatmavishvaas isophorm kaa pataa lagaane aur matra nirdhaaran kii anumati milati haye. paaramparik roop seey, ekal-anu aar. aine. aeye.-seik vidhiyon mein laghu-pathit anukraman kii tulanaa mein adhik truti darr hoti haye, lekin vikhandan aur see. dee. aine. aeye. roopaantaran seey bachkar aunut direct aar. aine. aeye.-secue seema trutiyon jaise nae tareeke hain. maanav koshika aabaadi mein antar abhivyakti key liye ont direct rna-seik key halia upayogon ney pradarshit kiya haye kii yeh takneek laghu aur lambe see. dee. aine. aeye. anukraman kii kaee seemaon koo door curr sakati haye.
ekal-koshika aar. aine. aeye. anukraman (aiss. aar. aine. aeye.-seey. kyu.).
microere aur maanak bulk rna-seik vishleshan jaisi maanak vidhiyaan koshikaon kii badee aabaadi seey rna kii abhivyakti kaa vishleshan karati hain. mishrit koshika aabaadi mein, yeye maap inn aabaadi key bheetar vyaktigat koshikaon key beach mahatvapurna antar koo aspasht curr sakate hain.
ekal-koshika aar. aine. aeye. anukraman (aiss. aar. aine. aeye.-seey. kyu.) vyaktigat koshikaon kii abhivyakti ruprekha pradaan kartaa haye. halanki pratyek koshika dwara vyakt pratyek aar. aine. aeye. parr poori jaankaari praapt karna sambhav naheen haye, lekin upalabdh samagri kii cumm matra key kaaran, jeane abhivyakti key pattern koo jeane clustering vishleshan key madhyam seey pahachaana jaa sakata haye. yeh ack koshika aabaadi key bheetar durlabh koshika prakaron key astitva koo ujagar curr sakata haye joe pahale kabhi naheen dekhaa gayaa hoga. udaaharan key liye, fefadon mein durlabh vishesh koshikaaen jinhen fuffusiya ayankoshika kahaa jaataa haye joe cystic fibrosis transmembrane chaalan niyaamak koo vyakt karati hain, kii pehchaan 2018 mein fefadon key vayumarg upkala parr scrana-seik karane vaale dou samoohon dwara kii gaee thee.
prayogaatmak prakriyaaen.
vartamaan scrana-seik protocol mein nimnalikhit charan shamil hainh ekal koshika aur aar. aine. aeye. kaa algaav, riverse transcription (aar. tii.), pravardhan, pustakalaya utpaadan aur anukraman. ekal koshikaon koo yaa tou yaantrik roop seey microwell mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye (ee.jee.bee. dee. rhapsody, takaara takaara, vicap puncher platform, yaa celemicrosystem salcroft) yaa boondon mein samaahit (jaise.jee.10x genomics chromium, illumina baayo-redd dee. dee. aiss. ee. kyu., 1 celbio indrop, dolomite baayo nadia). ekal koshikaon koo barcoded oligonucleotide key saath motiyon koo jodkar label kiya jaataa haye; donon koshikaon aur motiyon kii aapoorti seemit matra mein kii jaati haye jaise kii kaee koshikaon aur motiyon key saath saha-kabja ack bahut hii durlabh ghatana haye. ack baar riverse transcription puuraa hoe jaane key baad, kaee koshikaon key cdna koo anukraman key liye ack saath milaaya jaa sakata haye; ack vishesh koshika seey pratilekhon koo pratyek koshika key advitiya barcode dwara pahachaana jaataa haye. advitiya aanvik pahchankarta (yumis) koo pustakalaya kii taiyari key dauran kalakritiyon kii pehchaan karane mein madad karane key liye aim. aar. aine. aeye./see. dee. aine. aeye. lakshya anukramon seey jodaa jaa sakata haye.
scrana-seik key liye chunautiyon mein ack koshika mein mrinaa kii praarambhik saapeksh prachurta koo sanrakshit karna aur durlabh pratilekhon kii pehchaan karna shamil haye. riverse transcription charan mahatvapurna haye kyonki aar. tii. pratikriya kii dakshata yeh nirdhaarit karati haye kii koshika kii aar. aine. aeye. aabaadi kaa kitna vishleshan antatah anukramak dwara kiya jaayega. riverse transcriptase kii prakriya aur upayog kii jaane vaali priming ranneetiyaan poorna-lambai see. dee. aine. aeye. utpaadan aur pustakalayon kii peedhi koo prabhaavit curr sakati hain joe jeane key 3 'yaa 5' anta kii or pakshapaati hoti hain.
pravardhan charan mein, yaa tou pee. see. aar. yaa inn vitro transcription (aaee. vee. tii.) kaa upayog vartamaan mein see. dee. aine. aeye. koo pravardhit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. pee. see. aar.-adharit vidhiyon key laabhon mein seey ack poorna-lambai see. dee. aine. aeye. utpann karane kii kshamata haye. haalaanki, vishesh anukramon parr alag-alag pee. see. aar. dakshata (udaaharan key liye, jee. see. samagri aur snapback sanrachana) bhee teji seey pravardhit kii jaa sakati haye, jisase asman coverage key saath pustakalayon kaa utpaadan hotaa haye. doosari or, aaee. vee. tii. dwara utpann pustakalaya pee. see. aar.-prerit anukram purvagrah seey butch sakate hain, vishisht anukramon koo aksham roop seey pratilekhit kiya jaa sakata haye, iss prakaar anukram drop-out yaa apoorna anukram utpann hoe sakate hain.
kaee scrana-seik protocol prakaashit kiye gaye hainh
taang aur anya.,
strt,
smart-seik,
cell-seik,
krodh-seik, quartz-seik aur aur. yeye protocol riverse transcription, see. dee. aine. aeye. sanshleshan aur pravardhan key liye ranneetiyon key sandarbh mein bhinn hotey hain, aur anukram-vishisht barcode (i.ee. umis) yaa ekatrit namoonon koo sansaadhit karane kii kshamata.
2017 mein, ack saath ekal-koshika aim. aar. aine. aeye. aur protein abhivyakti koo maapane key liye dou drishtikon pesh kiye gaye they, jinhen riek-seik aur site-seik key roop mein jaane jaane vaale oligonucleotide-label antibody key madhyam seey maapane key liye.
anuprayog.
vikas, tantrika vigyaan, oncology, autoimmune roga aur sankraamak roga sahit javic vishayon mein scrana-seik kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaa rhaa haye.
scrana-seik ney bhroon aur jeevon key vikas mein kaafee antardrishti pradaan kii haye, jisamen krimi "canorhabditis elegans" aur punaryoji planarian "schmidte mediterrania" shamil hain. iss tarah seey maanchitrit kiye jaane vaale pahale kasheruki janwar zebrafish aur "zenopus levis" they. pratyek mamle mein bhroon key kaee charanon kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa, jisase vikas kii poori prakriya koo koshika-darr-koshika aadhar parr mapp kiya jaa sakey. vigyaan ney inn pragati koo varsh 2018 kii safalata key roop mein maanyata dee.
prayogaatmak vichaar.
aar. aine. aeye.-seik prayogon koo design karate samay aur unakaa sanchaalan karate samay vibhinn maapdandon parr vichaar kiya jaataa haih
vishleshan.
pratilekh sabhaa.
genomic visheshtaon koo padhane key liye kachche anukram koo nirdhaarit karane key liye dou vidhiyon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye (i.ee., pratilekh koo ikattha karein):
"vidhansabha kii gunavatta parr ack tippanih" vartamaan aam sahamati yeh haye kii 1) vidhansabha kii gunavatta iss baat parr nirbhar karati haye kii kiss metrick kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, 2) vidhansabha upkaran joe ack prajaati mein achchha pradarshan karate hain, way aavashyak roop seey doosari prajaati mein achchha pradarshan naheen karate hain, aur 3) vibhinn drishtikonon kaa sanyojan sabse vishvasaniya hoe sakata haye.
jeane abhivyakti matratmakkaran.
abhivyakti koo baahari uttejanaon, swasth aur rogagrast avasthaon key beach antar aur anya shodh prashnon key jawab mein koshikiya parivartanon kaa adhyayan karane key liye matratmak kiya jaataa haye. pratilekhan staron kaa upayog aksar protein kii prachurta key liye ack proxy key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, lekin yeye aksar anulekhan key baad kii ghatnaaon jaise aar. aine. aeye. hastakshep aur murkhtapurna-madhyasth kshay key kaaran samkaksh naheen hotey hain.
abhivyakti koo pratilekh sanyojan charan mein pratyek sthaan parr mapp kiye gaye paathon kii sankhya koo ginkar maapa jaataa haye. abhivyakti koo exon yaa jeane key liye contigs yaa sandarbh pratilekh annotation kaa upayog karke matratmak kiya jaa sakata haye. inn avalokan kiye gaye aar. aine. aeye.-seik reed count koo purani takneekon key khilaf majboot roop seey maanya kiya gayaa haye, jisamen abhivyakti microere aur kyu. pee. see. aar. shamil hain. ganana kii matra nirdhaarit karane vaale upkaran hain htceq, feature count, aar count, max count, fixsec aur cofquant. yeye upkaran sanrekhit aar. aine. aeye.-seik detta seey padhane kii ganana nirdhaarit karate hain, lekin sanrekhan-mukt ganana selfish aur calisto key saath bhee praapt kii jaa sakati haye. phir pathan ganana koo parikalpana pareekshan, pratigaman aur anya vishleshanon key liye upayukt metricks mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye. iss roopaantaran key liye mapdand hainh
poorna matratmakkaran aur genome-vyaapi prabhaavon kaa pataa lagaane key liye spike-inn.
aar. aine. aeye. spike-inn gyaat sandrata parr aar. aine. aeye. key namoone hain jinka upayog prayogaatmak design mein swarn manakon key roop mein aur genome-vyaapi prabhaavon key poorna matratmakkaran aur pataa lagaane key liye downstream vishleshan key dauran kiya jaa sakata haye.
vibhedak abhivyakti.
aar. aine. aeye.-seik kaa sabse saral lekin aksar sabse shaktishali upayog dou yaa dou seey adhik sthitiyon (ee.) key beach jeane abhivyakti mein antar khojana haye.jee.", upchaar banaam upchaar naheen); iss prakriya koo vibhedak abhivyakti kahaa jaataa haye. output koo aksar alag-alag roop seey vyakt kiye gaye jeane (dee. jee. aiss.) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye aur yeye jeane yaa tou oopar yaa neeche-viniyamit hoe sakate hain ("i".ee.", byaaj kii sthiti mein adhik yaa cumm). aise kaee upkaran hain joe vibhedak abhivyakti karate hain. adhikansh aar, python yaa unix kamaand line mein chalaae jaate hain. aamtaur parr upayog kiye jaane vaale upkaranon mein dessack, aijar aur woom + lima shamil hain, joe sabhi aar/bioconductor key madhyam seey upalabdh hain. vibhedak abhivyakti karate samay yeye samanya vichaar hainh
vibhinn roop seey vyakt kiye gaye jeane kii soochi key liye downstream vishleshan dou swaadon mein aatey hain, avalokan koo maanya karate hain aur javic nishkarsh banaate hain. vibhedak abhivyakti aur aar. aine. aeye.-seik key nuksan key kaaran, mahatvapurna tippaniyon koo (1) ack hii namoone mein ack orthogonal vidhi (jaise vaastavik samay pee. see. aar.) yaa (2) ack anya, kabhi-kabhi poorv-panjikrit, ack nae samooh mein prayog key saath dohraya jaataa haye. baad vaalaa saamaanyikaran sunishchit karane mein madad kartaa haye aur aamtaur parr sabhi pool kiye gaye samoohon key metaa-vishleshan key saath anusaran kiya jaa sakata haye. parinamon kii uchch-stariya javic samajh praapt karane key liye sabse aam vidhi jeane sett samvardhan vishleshan haye, halanki kabhi-kabhi ummidwar jeane drishtikon niyojit kiye jaate hain. jeane samooh samvardhan yeh nirdhaarit kartaa haye kii kyaa dou jeane seton key beach ativyaapi saankhyikiya roop seey mahatvapurna haye, iss mamle mein gyaat maargon/databases (ee.jee.", jeane ontology, kegg, maanav phenotype ontology) yaa usee detta mein poorak vishleshan seey (jaise saha-abhivyakti network). jeane samooh samvardhan key liye samanya upkaranon mein web interfaces (ee.jee."," samriddh karein, jeeh profiler, webstalt) aur software package. jaba samvardhan parinamon kaa mulyankan kiya jaataa haye, tou ack shodhaatmak haye pahale gyaan kii jaanch key roop mein gyaat jeev vigyaan key samvardhan kii talash karna aur phir nae jeev vigyaan kii talash key dayare kaa vistaar karna.
vaikalpik splissing.
aar. aine. aeye. splissing eukariotes kaa abhinn anga haye aur protein viniyaman aur vividhata mein mahatvapurna yogdan detaa haye, joe 90 pratishat seey adhik maanav jeane mein hotaa haye. kaee vaikalpik splissing mode hainh exon skipping (manushyon aur uchch eukariotes mein sabse aam splissing mode), parasparik roop seey vishisht exon, vaikalpik daataa yaa sweekaar karane vaali site, intron pratidhaaran (paudhon, kavak aur protozoa mein sabse aam splissing mode), vaikalpik pratilekhan praarambh site (pravartak), aur vaikalpik polyadenylisation. aar. aine. aeye.-seik kaa ack lakshya vaikalpik vibhajan ghatnaaon kii pehchaan karna aur yadi way sthitiyon key beach bhinn hain tou pareekshan karna haye. lambe samay taka padhane vaalaa anukraman poorna pratilekh koo pakadata haye aur iss prakaar aspasht padhane vaale maanchitran jaise isophorm kii prachurta kaa anuman lagaane mein kaee muddon koo cumm kartaa haye. laghu-pathit aar. aine. aeye.-seik key liye, vaikalpik splissing kaa pataa lagaane key liye kaee tareeke hain jinhen teen mukhya samoohon mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haih
vibhedak jeane abhivyakti upkaranon kaa upayog vibhedak isophorm abhivyakti key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye yadi isophorm koo arsem jaise anya upkaranon key saath samay seey pahale matratmak kiya jaataa haye.
saha-abhivyakti network.
saha-abhivyakti network ootakon aur prayogaatmak sthitiyon mein samaan tareeke seey vyavhaar karane vaale jeane key detta-vyutpann pratinidhitva hain. unakaa mukhya uddeshya poorv agyaat jeane key karyon kaa anuman lagaane key liye parikalpana peedhi aur aparaadh-darr-sangh drishtikon mein nihit haye. aar. aine. aeye.-seik detta kaa upayog paudhon aur standhaariyon donon mein nashpati sahsambandh key aadhar parr vishisht maargon mein shamil jeane kaa anuman lagaane key liye kiya gayaa haye. sookshm sarani platforms parr iss tarah key vishleshan mein aar. aine. aeye.-seik detta kaa mukhya laabh poore pratilekh koo cover karane kii kshamata haye, isaliye jeane niyaamak network key adhik poorna pratinidhitva koo ujagar karane kii sambhavana kii anumati detaa haye. ack hii jeane key splies isophorm key vibhedak viniyaman kaa pataa lagaaya jaa sakata haye aur unake javic karyon kii bhavishyavani karane key liye upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. 
aar. aine. aeye. secue. detta key aadhar parr saha-abhivyakti module aur intramodular hubb jeane kii pehchaan karane key liye bhaarit jeane saha-abhivyakti network vishleshan kaa safaltapurvak upayog kiya gayaa haye. saha-abhivyakti module koshika prakaron yaa maargon key anuroop hoe sakate hain. atyadhik judey hue intramodular hubb koo unake sambandhit module key pratinidhiyon key roop mein vyakhya kii jaa sakati haye. ack igenzine ack module mein sabhi jeenon kii abhivyakti kaa ack bhaarit yog haye. rognidan aur purvanuman key liye eigenzen upayogi biomarker (visheshataaen) hain. aar. aine. aeye. secue. detta key aadhar parr sahsambandh gunank kaa anuman lagaane key liye bhinnata-sthirikaran parivartan drishtikon prastaavit kiye gaye hain.
bhinn khoj.
aar. aine. aeye.-seik. ekal nucleotide roopon, chhote sammilan/vilopan sahit dee. aine. aeye. bhinnata koo pakadata haye. aur sanrachanaatmak bhinnata. aar. aine. aeye.-seik mein variant colling dee. aine. aeye. variant colling key samaan haye aur aksar splissing key liye samaayojan key saath ack hii upkaran (samtool empileup aur gatk haplotype collar sahit) kaa upayog kartaa haye. aar. aine. aeye. prakaron key liye ack advitiya ayam elil-vishisht abhivyakti (aeye. aiss. ee.) haih kewal ack haplotype key roopon koo imprinting aur abhivyakti matratmak visheshta sthaan aur gair-coding durlabh roopon sahit niyaamak prabhaavon key kaaran adhimaantah vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye. aar. aine. aeye. sanskaran kii pehchaan kii seemaon mein yeh shamil haye kii yeh kewal vyakt kshetron (manushyon mein, genome kaa <5%) koo darshaata haye, joe detta prasanskaran dwara pesh kiye gaye purvagrahon key adheen hoe sakata haye (jaise.jee.dee novo transcriptom asembaliyaan vishamyugmata koo cumm aankati hain), aur pratyaksh dna anukraman kii tulanaa mein isaki gunavatta cumm hoti haye.
aar. aine. aeye. sampadan (anulekhan key baad key parivartan).
ack vyakti key milan genomic aur pratilekhan anukram honey seey post-pratilekhan sampadan (aar. aine. aeye. sampadan) kaa pataa lagaane mein madad mill sakati haye. ack anurekhan-pashchaat sanshodhan ghatana kii pehchaan kii jaati haye yadi jeane key pratilekh mein ack elil/sanskaran haye joe genomic detta mein naheen dekhaa gayaa haye.
sanlayan jeane kaa pataa lagaana.
genome mein vibhinn sanrachanaatmak sanshodhanon key kaaran, sanlayan jeane ney cancer key saath apane sambandh key kaaran dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye. ack nishpaksh tareeke seey ack namoone key poore pratilekh kaa vishleshan karane kii aar. aine. aeye.-seik kii kshamata ise cancer mein iss prakaar kii samanya ghatnaaon koo khojane key liye ack aakarshak upkaran banaati haye.
yeh vichaar sankshipt pratilekhan koo sanrekhit karane kii prakriya seey ack sandarbh genome mein anusare jaataa haye. adhikansh laghu paath ack poorna exon key bheetar aaa jaayenge, aur ack chhote lekin abhee bhee badey sett seey gyaat exon-exon junctions kaa maanchitran karane kii ummeed kii jaayegi. shesh binaa maanchitrit laghu paathon kaa aage yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye vishleshan kiya jaayega kii kyaa way ack exon-exon junction seey mell khaate hain jahaan exon vibhinn jeane seey aatey hain. yeh ack sambhaavit sanlayan ghatana kaa pramaan hoga, haalaanki, padhane kii lambai key kaaran, yeh bahut shore saabit hoe sakata haye. ack vaikalpik drishtikon yugmit-anta paath kaa upayog karna haye, jaba sambhaavit roop seey badee sankhya mein yugmit paath pratyek chhor koo ack alag exon key liye mapp karenge, joe inn ghatnaaon kaa behtar coverage denge (chitra dekhein). phir bhee, antim parinam mein jeane key kaee aur sambhaavit nae sanyojan hotey hain joe aage key satyapan key liye ack aadarsh praarambhik bindu pradaan karate hain.
sankhya parivartan kii pratilipi.
pratilipi sankhya parivartan (see. aine. aeye.) vishleshan aamtaur parr cancer adhyayanon mein upayog kiye jaate hain. jeane key laabh aur haani key sanket maarg nihitarth hain aur oncology mein aanvik shithilata kaa ack pramukh biomarker hain. aar. aine. aeye.-secue. detta seey see. aine. aeye. jaankaari koo coll karna jeane abhivyakti mein antar key kaaran seedha naheen haye, joe jeane mein vibhinn parimaanon kii gaharaai mein bhinnata kii or leey jaataa haye. inn kathinaaiyon key kaaran, inmein seey adhikansh vishleshan aamtaur parr poore-genome anukraman/poore-exome anukraman (wgs/wes) kaa upayog karke kiye jaate hain. lekin unnat jaiv soochana vigyaan upkaran aar. aine. aeye.-seik seey see. aine. aeye. koo coll curr sakate hain.
anya ubharate hue vishleshan aur anuprayog.
aar. aine. aeye.-seik key anuprayog dinn-pratidin badh rahey hain. aar. aine. aeye.-secue key anya nae anuprayog mein sookshmajeev sandooshakon kaa pataa lagaana, koshika prakaar kii prachurta (koshika prakaar vikarshan) kaa nirdhaaran karna, tess aur neoantigen bhavishyavani aadi kii abhivyakti koo maapana shamil haye.
itihas.
aar. aine. aeye.-seik pahali baar 2000 key dashak key madhya mein agali peedhi kii anukraman praudyogiki key aagaman key saath vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. pahali paandulipiyaan joe shabd kaa upayog kiye binaa bhee aar. aine. aeye.-seik kaa upayog karati hain, unamen prostate cancer koshika rekhaaen (dinank 2006), "medicago trunctula" (2006), makka (2007), aur "arabidopsis thaliana" (2007) shamil hain, jabaki shabd "aar. aine. aeye.-seik" kaa pahali baar 2008 mein ullekh kiya gayaa thaa. sheershak yaa amoort (aakriti, neeli rekha) mein aar. aine. aeye.-seik kaa ullekh karane vaali pandulipiyon kii sankhya 2018 mein prakaashit 6754 pandulipiyon key saath lagaatar badh rahee haye. aar. aine. aeye.-seik aur dawa (aakriti, swarn rekha) key pratichhedan mein samaan gati haye.
dawa key liye aavedan.
aar. aine. aeye.-seik mein nae roga jeev vigyaan kii pehchaan karane, naidaanik sanketon key liye profile biomarker, maadak maargon kaa anuman lagaane aur aanuvanshik nidan karane kii kshamata haye. inn parinamon koo upsamuhon yaa yahaan taka kii vyaktigat rogiyon key liye bhee vyaktigat kiya jaa sakata haye, joe sambhaavit roop seey adhik prabhaavi roktham, nidan aur chikitsa koo ujagar kartaa haye. iss drishtikon kii vyavaharyata kuchh hudd taka paise aur samay kii laagat seey nirdhaarit hoti haye; iss vishleshan dwara utpann detta kii bhaari matra kii poori tarah seey vyakhya karane key liye visheshagyon (jaiv soochana vigyaaniyon, chikitsakon/chikitsakon, buniyaadi shodhkartaon, technicians) kii ack aavashyak team ack sambandhit seema haye.
badey paimaane parr anukraman prayaas.
dna tatvon (encode) key vishvakosh aur cancer genome atlus (tii. see. jee. aeye.) pariyojanaon key baad aar. aine. aeye.-seik detta parr bahut jore diyaa gayaa haye, jisamen kramshah darjanon koshika rekhaaon aur hajaaron praathamik tumour namoonon koo chihnit karane key liye iss drishtikon kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye. koshika rekhaaon key vibhinn samooh mein genome-vyaapi niyaamak kshetron kii pehchaan karane key uddeshya seey encode aur pratilekhiya detta una epigenetic aur aanuvanshik niyaamak paraton key downstream prabhaav koo samajhane key liye sarvopari hain. isake bajaay, tii. see. jee. aeye. kaa uddeshya ghaatak parivartan aur pragati key antarnihit tantra koo samajhane key liye 30 vibhinn prakaar key tumour seey hajaaron rogi key namoonon koo ekatra karna aur unakaa vishleshan karna haye. iss sandarbh mein aar. aine. aeye.-secue detta roga kii pratilekhan sthiti kaa ack anootha snapshot pradaan kartaa haye aur pratilekhon kii ack nishpaksh aabaadi koo dekhta haye joe nae pratilekhon, sanlayan pratilekhon aur gair-coding aar. aine. aeye. kii pehchaan kii anumati detaa haye jinhen vibhinn takneekon key saath agyaat kiya jaa sakata haye.

