
katipo

katipo ("latrodectus katipo") newzealand key mool nivasi makadi kii ack luptapray prajaati haye. yeh latrodectus vansh kii kaee prajaatiyon mein seey ack haye, jaise kii australiyai redback (ell. hasselty), aur uttari americi kaali vidhwa. yeh prajaati manushyon key liye vishaila haye, joe sambhaavit roop seey khatarnak kaatane mein saksham haye. yeh ack chhoti seey madhyam aakar kii makadi haye, jisamen maadaa kaa shareer goal kaalaa yaa bhura mutter key aakar kaa hotaa haye. dakshin dweep aur uttari dweep key nichale aadhe hisse mein paaee jaane vaali laal katipo maadaaen hamesha kaali hoti hain, aur unake pett mein safed rung kii ack vishisht laal patti hoti haye. uttari dweep key oopari aadhe hisse mein paaee jaane vaali kaali katipo maadaon mein, yeh patti anupasthit, pealy, yaa cream rung key dhabbon seey badal dee jaati haye. inn donon roopon koo pahale alag-alag prajaati maanaa jaataa thaa. narr maadaa kii tulanaa mein bahut chhota hotaa haye aur dikhane mein kaafee alag hotaa haih kaale dhaariyon aur laal heere key aakar key nishan key saath safed. katipo mukhya roop seey samudra tata key paas rait key teelon mein rahate hain. way sudur dakshin aur paschim koo chhodkar adhikansh tateey newzealand mein paae jaate hain. katipo mukhya roop seey jameen parr rahane vaale keedon koo khaata haye, joe tealey key paudhon yaa anya malabe key beach ack aniyamit ulajhe hue jaal mein funce jaate hain.
agast yaa sitambar mein sambhog key baad, maadaa katipo navambar yaa disambar mein paanch yaa chhah andey kii thaili kaa utpaadan karati haye. makadi key bachche janwari aur farwari key dauran nikalate hain aur aspas key paudhon mein fail jaate hain. anya videshi makadiyon dwara unake praakritik awas key nivaas sthaan key nuksan aur upanivesheekaran key kaaran, katipo vilupt honey kaa khatra haye.
ack katipo kaatane seey vishaakt syndrome latrodectism paida hotaa haye; lakshnon mein atyadhik dard aur, sambhaavit roop seey, uchch raktchaap, daura yaa komaa shamil hain. kaatane durlabh hain, ack antivenum upalabdh haye, aur 1901 key baad seey koee maut naheen hui haye. katipo vishesh roop seey newzealand mein ullekhaniya haye kyonki rashtra lagbhag poori tarah seey khatarnak deshi vanyajeevon seey rahit haye; iss advitiya sthiti kaa matlab haye kii makadi achchi tarah seey jaani jaati haye, bhale hii shayed hii kabhi dekhi gaee hoe.
vargeekaran.
halanki 'katpo' kii soochana 1855 kii shuruat mein linian samaaj koo dee gaee thee, lekin makadi koo aupchaarik roop seey ell dwara "latrodectus katipo" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. 1870 mein pavel. latrodectus vansh kii makadiyon kaa duniya bhar mein vitaran haye aur isamen sabhi samanya roop seey gyaat vidhwa makadiyan shamil hainh uttari americi kaali vidhwa makadi ("latrodectus mctains"), bhoore rung kii vidhwa ("latrodectus jyaamitiya"), aur europeeya kaali vidhwa ("latrodectus tradesimguttus"). katipo kaa nikatatam rishtedaar australiyai laal makadi ("latrodectus hasselty") haye. "latrodectus catipo" aur "ell. attritis "(kaalaa katipo) koo pahale dou alag-alag prajaatiyon key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, lekin shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii way ack hii prajaati hain. katipo, "rung bhinnata key saath joe akshansh parr clinnel haye aur ausat vaarshik tapman key saath sahsambaddh haye. katipo laal parat seey itna nikatata seey sambandhit haye kii ack star parr ise ack upa-prajaati maanaa jaataa thaa, jiska prastaavit naam "latrodectus hasselty katipo" thaa. aage key shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii katipo laal parat seey alag haye, jisamen thodaa sanrachanaatmak antar aur nivaas sthaan vareeyata mein ullekhaniya antar haye, aur yeh ack alag prajaati bunny hui haye. katipo key parivaar theridae mein newzealand aur duniya bhar mein badee sankhya mein prajaatiyan hain. inhen aamtaur parr ulajhan-jaal makadiyon, kobwe makadiyon yaa kanghi-pair vaali makadiyon key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
aam naam katipo (ekvachan aur bahuvachan), aksar "katipo" kii vartani, "raat key stinger" key liye maori seey haye, joe "kaakati" (sting) aur "poe" (raat) shabdon seey liya gayaa haye. yeh naam spasht roop seey iss prajaati koo iss maori vishvaas key kaaran diyaa gayaa thaa kii makadiyan raat mein kaatati hain. anya aam naamon mein "laal katipo", "kaalaa katipo" aur "newzealand kaa laal" shamil hain.
varnan.
katipo ack chhoti seey madhyam aakar kii makadi haye. paripakva mahila key shareer kaa aakar lagbhag ack pair key saath ack pair kaa vistaar haye. dakshin dweep aur nichale uttari dweep mein paaee jaane vaali laal katipo maadaa kaa ack badaa kaalaa golakar pett hotaa haye, joe ack bageeche key mutter key aakar kaa hotaa haye, jisake patale pair aur peeth parr ack safed-seema vaale narangi yaa laal dhaari hoti haye joe pett kii oopari satah seey spinners taka jaati haye. gahare makhmali-kaale pett koo chamakdaar honey key bajaay saatan yaa reshmi key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. pett kaa nichala hissa kaalaa hotaa haye aur isamen laal patch yaa aanshik laal ghante key gillas key aakar kaa nishan hotaa haye. isake pair mukhya roop seey kaale hotey hain aur isake chhor bhoore rung mein badal jaate hain. oopari uttari dweep mein paaee jaane vaali kaali katipo maadaa key shareer key sheersh parr laal patti naheen hoti haye, aur pett kaa rung aamtaur parr halka hotaa haye, lekin anyatha yeh dikhane mein laal katipo key samaan hotaa haye. pett key neeche kii or ghante kaa chashma pattern bhee cumm alag hoe sakata haye, madhya bhaag khou sakata haye, aur yahaan taka kii anupasthit bhee hoe sakata haye. bhinnataaen bhee maujood hain jahan pett, cephalothorax, yaa puuraa shareer bhura hotaa haye, kabhi-kabhi isaki oopari taraf sust laal yaa pealy patti, yaa cream rung key dhabbe hotey hain. inn vibhinn roopon koo ack samay parr alag-alag prajaatiyon key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, lekin 2008 key ack adhyayan seey pataa chalaa kii way ack hii prajaati key alag-alag roop they.
vayask purush aur kishore mahila key roop mein kaafee alag hotey hain. way aakar mein chhote hotey hain, joe ack vayask mahila key aakar key lagbhag chhathe hisse key barabar hotey hain. kishoron mein ack bhoore rung kaa carapace hotaa haye, jisamen mukhya roop seey safed pett hotaa haye, jisamen laal-narangi heere kii ack shrinkhala hoti haye joe prishthiya kshetra key saath aniyamit kaali rekhaaon seey ghiri hoti haye. purush iss rung koo vayaskata mein banaae rakhate hain. apane bahut chhote aakar key kaaran, urkhart (1886) ney narr koo ack alag prajaati maanaa aur ise "theridian melanozantha" naam diyaa. ise 1933 taka thheek naheen kiya gayaa thaa jaba ise sahee dhang seey purush "latrodectus catipo" key roop mein pahachaana gayaa thaa.
nivaas sthaan.
katipo ack atyadhik vishesh nivaas sthaan taka seemit haye aur kewal rait key teelon key beach samudra tata key paas paaya jaataa haye. way aam taur parr tata key sabse karib teelon key bhoomi kii or rahate hain jahan way toofaanon aur rait kii aavaajaahi seey sabse adhik surakshit hain. yeye kabhi-kabhi samudra seey kaee kilometres door teelon seey judey hoe sakate hain jaba yeye tealey lambi doori taka antardeshiya roop seey faile hotey hain.
jaal aamtaur parr cumm badhane vaale tealey key paudhon aur anya vanaspatiyon jaise kii deshi pingao ("fiscinia spiralis") yaa shuru kii gaee maraam ghaas ("amophila erenaria") mein sthaapit hotey hain. way apane jaal koo bahati lakadi, pattharon yaa anya malabe jaise kii khaali tinn key dibbe yaa botalon key neeche bhee banaa sakate hain. jaal lagbhag hamesha khuli rait parr aur jameen key paas banaae jaate hain taaki bhojan key liye rengane vaale keedon koo pakada jaa sakey. tealey ghaas mein rahane vaali makadiyan ghaas key tuft key beach khule sthaanon mein apane jaal kaa nirmaan karati hain, jabaki jhaadiyon key kshetron mein rahane vaali makadiyan khuli rait parr latakate hue paudhe key neeche kii or aisaa karati hain. yeh paaya gayaa haye kii khule rait key yeye dhabbe katipo key liye apane jaal banaane key liye aavashyak hain kyonki aise paudhe joe ghaney aavaran mein rait key teelon koo gherate hain, jaise kii kikuyu yaa bhains ghaas jaise videshi paudhe, web nirmaan key liye anupayukt vatavaran banaate hain. isaliye katipo pingao paudhon key beach apane jaal koo ghumana pasand kartaa haye kyonki iss paudhe key vikas key pattern seey pratyek paudhe key beach rait key dhabbe nikalate hain. havaa taba inn antaralon key madhyam seey aur jaal mein keede aur anya shikaar koo udaa sakati haye. marram ghaas koo badey paimaane parr newzealand mein rait key teelon koo sthir karane mein madad karane key liye lagaaya gayaa haye aur kaee kshetron mein isane badey paimaane parr pingao koo badal diyaa haye. kyonki marram ghaas bahut tanga gathan mein ugati haye, kewal tuff key beach chhote antaral chhodati haye, isase katipo key liye shikaar koo pakadane key liye ack upayukt jaal kaa nirmaan karna mushkil hoe jaataa haye.
anya theridide makadiyon kii tarah, jaal ack avyavasthit, maheen banaavat vaale resham kii aniyamit ulajhan haye. yeh jhoole key aakar kaa hotaa haye aur apaardarshi peele-safed resham seey banaa hotaa haye. web mein ack vyaapak aadhar hotaa haye jisamen oopar aur neeche kaee sahayak dhaage hotey hain, jisamen rait mein malabe key liye lunger daalane vaali kaee chipchipi rekhaaen shamil hain. ack shanku key aakar kaa peechhe hatna web key nichale hisse mein banaaya gayaa haye, halanki katipo aamtaur parr web key mukhya bhaag key paas paaya jaa sakata haye. yeh apane jaal kaa nirmaan karane vaale paudhon koo ghonsale key liye samarthan aur aashray pradaan kartaa haye.
renz.
katipo newzealand key liye sthaanik haye. uttari dweep mein yeh wellington seey uttari cape taka paschimi tata key saath paaya jaataa haye. uttari dweep key purvi tata parr yeh aniyamit roop seey hotaa haye, haalaanki, yeh mahaan baadha dweep parr prachur matra mein haye. dakshin dweep mein yeh dakshin tateey kshetron mein purvi tata parr dunedine aur paschim tata parr dakshin seey greymouth taka paaya jaataa haye. yeh dakshini seema katipo key kaaran haye jise unake andon key vikas key dauran banaae rakhane kii tulanaa mein adhik tapman kii aavashyakta hoti haye-newzealand key dakshini kshetron mein yeh aamtaur parr isase adhik thandaa hotaa haye.
laal katipo lagbhag 39°15 key dakshin mein paaya jaataa haye (paschimi tata parr taranaki kaa paschimi chhor, aur purvi tata parr baaz kii khaadi mein vaipatiki samudra tata key thheek uttar mein). kaalaa katipo lagbhag 38° seey. (paschim tata parr kaviya key thheek uttar mein, aur vipiro khaadi aur purvi tata parr prachurta kii khaadi key thheek dakshin mein, aotia bandargah) key uttar mein paaya jaataa haye. donon roop inn akshaanshon key beach key kshetra mein paae jaate hain.
vyavhaar.
aahar.
katipo aamtaur parr bhring jaise bhatakate hue bhoo-aksheruki jeevon koo pakadata haye.jee. "cecyropa momdra") yaa amphipods (ee.jee. "belorchestia kwoyana"), lekin yeh kabhi-kabhi patang, makkhiyon aur anya makadiyon koo pakad sakata haye. katipo apane seey bahut badey keeton koo pakad sakata haye. yeye badey keede aksar jaal mein ulajh jaate hain aur aaney vaale sangharsh mein, jaal kii ground anker line toot jaati haye. resham kii loach key kaaran shikaar jameen seey kuchh centimeter door latak jaataa haye. katipo phir shikaar kii or badhata haye, iss tarah seey mudataa haye kii spinner keat kaa saamana curr rahey hain aur isake oopar resham koo ghumaate hain. adhikansh theridids kii tarah, pichhale pairon key tarsi mein majboot ghumaavdaar barchhe kii ack pankti hoti haye joe ack kanghi key roop mein vyavasthit hoti haye. katipo inca upayog apane spinners seey chipchipa resham nikaalane key liye kartaa haye aur ise teji seey chalane kii ack shrinkhala key saath keat key oopar fenk detaa haye. keat key dridhata seey sthir honey key baad, makadi ise kaee baar kaatati haye, aamtaur parr jodon parr, jaal koo majboot karane key liye adhik resham koo ghumaane seey pahale, aur phir ack antim lamba kaatane kaa prabandhan karati haye joe antatah keat koo maar detaa haye. makadi taba shikaar koo taba taka jaal mein leey jaati haye jaba taka kii vaha khaane key liye taiyar naa hoe jaae. yadi bhojan aasaani seey upalabdh haye tou jaal mein paanch yaa chhah keede latakate hue dekhane koo milate hain joe khaane kii prateeksha curr rahey hain. purush kaa shikaar vyavhaar mahila key samaan haye, halanki isake chhote aakar key kaaran utanaa jordar naheen hoe sakata haye.
prajanan.
purush vayask key roop mein bhatakata haye aur agast yaa sitambar mein mahila jaal kii talash mein jaataa haye. purush mahila key jaal mein pravesh karega aur jaise hii vaha usake paas aayega resham koo compan karega. mahila aamtaur parr pahale aakramak hoti haye aur web seey purush kaa peechha karegi. prem prasang kii prakriya mein purush bobbing, todana aur web koo tweak karna shamil haye, saath hii saavdhaanipoorvak drishtikon kii avadhi aur mahila dwara peechha kiya jaa rhaa haye. antatah, jaba vaha vinamra hoe jaati haye aur usey sampark karane kii anumati detee haye, tou purush taba mahila key paas jaayega kyonki vaha chupchaap web mein ulta latak jaati haye. purush usake udar kii or badhata haye, usey teji seey taba taka dabaata haye jaba taka kii vaha usake pett koo usake pett key oopar sanrekhit karane key liye aage naheen badhati. phir vaha ack baar mein ack palp daaltaa haye, jisase pratyek daalane key beach mahila chhod detaa haye. maithun 10 seey 30 minut seey adhik samay taka hotaa haye. sambhog key baad, purush doolhe key paas vaapas chalaa jaataa haye, joe usake daanton key madhyam seey usake pair aur pairon koo chalaakar aur usey usake shareer parr ponchhkar kiya jaataa haye. kuchh anya vidhwa makadiyon key vipareet maadaa dwara narr koo naheen khaaya jaataa haye.
maadaaen navambar yaa disambar mein andey detee hain. andey goal hotey hain, lagbhag sarason key beej key aakar key hotey hain, aur ack pardarshi, baingani laal hotey hain. inhen ack cream rung, goal, gend key aakar key andey kii thaili mein ack saath rakhaa jaataa haye jiska vyaas lagbhag hotaa haye. maadaa agale teen seey chaar hafton mein paanch yaa chhah andey kii thaili banaati haye. pratyek andey kii thaili mein lagbhag 70 seey 90 nishechit andey hotey hain. andey kii thaili makadi key jaal key kendra mein latka dee jaati haye aur maadaa unake oopar adhik resham ghoomati haye. samay key saath, andey kii thaili kaa baahari hissa rait seey dhakaa hoe sakata haye. ushmaayan key chhah saptah key baad, janwari aur farwari key dauran, makadi key bachche nikalate hain. yuva makadiyan taba jaal seey fail jaati hain. makadi ghonsale seey door jaane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale failaav tantra key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye. ack adhyayan mein, 24 ghante seey adhik samay taka makadiyon kaa avalokan karate hue, 28 pratishat ney gubbare kii vidhi kaa upayog kiya, jahaan yuva makadiyan ack hii jaal dwara nilambit ghonsale seey khud koo door leey jaane key liye havaa kii dhaaraon kaa upayog karati hain, jabaki adhikansh, 61 pratishat, ack bridging vidhi kaa upayog karate hain jahaan makadi apane resham kaa upayog paas key paudhon mein leey jaane key liye karati haye, aur 11 pratishat abhee bhee ghonsale mein hii rahati haye. yuva makadi agale vasant mein poorna paripakvata taka pahunch jaati haye.
sambhog karate samay katipo aur redback key beach ghanishth sambandh dikhaaya jaataa haye. ack purush laal-parat sankar santan paida karane vaali maadaa katipo key saath safaltapurvak sambhog karane mein saksham haye. haalaanki, ack purush katipo mahila laal peeth key saath sambhog naheen curr sakata haye kyonki purush katipo purush laal peeth kii tulanaa mein bhaari hotaa haye, aur jaba yeh web key paas jaataa haye tou yeh mahila mein ack hinsak pratikriya koo trigger kartaa haye jisase sambhog honey seey pahale purush koo khaaya jaa sakata haye. jangli mein katipo aur redback key beach antar-prajanan key pramaan hain.
shikari.
katipo mein kewal ack gyaat pratyaksh shikari haih ichiumonidae parivaar seey ack chhota, avarnit deshi tataiya katipo andey khaate hue dekhaa gayaa haye.
jansankhya mein girawat.
katipo ack luptapray prajaati haye aur haal hii mein vilupt honey kaa khatra haye. yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii uttari dweep mein lagbhag 50 kshetron aur dakshin dweep mein aathh kshetron mein kewal kuchh hazaar katipo bache hain, jisase yeh keevi kii kuchh prajaatiyon kii tulanaa mein durlabh hoe jaataa haye. isake patan mein kaee karakon kaa yogdan rhaa haye; pramukh kaaran nivaas sthaan kaa nuksan aur shesh nivaas sthaan kii ghatati gunavatta prateet hoti haye. europeeya basti key baad ack sadee seey adhik samay seey unake praakritik nivaas key saath maanav hastakshep hoe rhaa haye. krishi, vaniki yaa shahari vikas key parinamswarup tateey tealey mein sanshodhan, saath hii samudra tata key baggi, off-road vaahanon, samudra tata parr ghode kii sawari aur driftwod sangrah jaisi manoranjak gatividhiyon ney una kshetron koo nasht curr diyaa haye yaa badal diyaa haye jahaan katipo rahata haye. kaee aakramak videshi paudhon kii shuruat ney bhee upayukt awas key patan mein yogdan diyaa haye.
videshi makadiyon key upaniveshit kshetra hain jahan upayukt nivaas sthaan banaa huaa haye. pramukh upaniveshak dakshin african makadi "steatoda capensis" haye. yeh pahali baar 1990 key dashak mein bataaya gayaa thaa aur uttari dweep key paschimi tata key saath katipo koo wellington seey hwanganui taka visthaapit curr sakata haye, halanki katipo aur aiss donon. capensis "ack hii tealey pranali koo saajha karate hue yaa yahaan taka kii ack hii driftwod key tukade key tahat saha-astitva mein paaya gayaa haye, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii donon prajaatiyan samaan aavason mein saha-astitva mein hoe sakati hain. yeh sambhav haye kii katipo kaa visthaapan aiss dwara hoe. capensis "una kshetron koo phir seey upaniveshit karane kii kshamata key kaaran haye jahan seey katipo toofaan yaa anya tealey sanshodhanon key baad visthaapit hoe gayaa thaa. isake alawa, "aiss. capensis varsh bhar naslon kaa utpaadan kartaa haye aur adhik santanon kaa utpaadan kartaa haye aur aavason kii ack badee shrinkhala mein rahata haye jisase katipo parr adhik dabaav padata haye. "aiss. capensis "bhee theridae parivaar seey sambandhit haye aur katipo kii kaee visheshtaon koo saajha kartaa haye. yeh samaan aakar, aakar, samanya rung kaa hotaa haye, lekin isaki peeth parr laal patti kaa abhaav hotaa haye, aur isake pett parr kuchh laal, narangi yaa peela hoe sakata haye. inn samaantaon key kaaran ise aamtaur parr newzealand mein "falls katipo" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
2010 mein katipo 1953 key vanyajeev adhiniyam key tahat poorna suraksha dee gaee pahale seey asurakshit aksheruki kii ack darjan prajaatiyon mein seey ack thee, jise "pratishthit, nuksan key liye asurakshit, aur gambhir girawat mein" key roop mein nott kiya gayaa thaa. iss adhiniyam key tahat, ack poori tarah seey sanrakshit prajaati jaise kii katipo koo maarnaa jurmana yaa karawas seey bhee dandaniya haye.
vish vigyaan.
katipo mein jahar hotaa haye joe manushyon mein chikitsakiya roop seey mahatvapurna haye, halanki kaatane durlabh hain. kaatane kii ghatana cumm hoti haye kyonki yeh ack sharmili, gair-aakramak makadi haye. unaki sankeern seema, ghatati jansankhya aur maanav jagrukta kaa matlab haye kii way kahaan rahate hain, manushyon koo shayed hii kabhi katipo kaa saamana karna padata haye. katipo kewal antim upaay key roop mein kaatata haye; yadi chhedchhaad kii jaati haye, tou makadi aamtaur parr ack gend mein modd jaayegi aur jameen parr gir jaayegi yaa nikatatam aavaran mein peechhe hutt jaayegi. yadi khatra jaari rahata haye, tou makadi hastakshep key khilaf resham fenk sakati haye. jaba kissy bhee tarah seey niyantrit kiya jaataa haye yaa twacha key khilaf rakhaa jaataa haye, jaise kii aggar kapadon mein ulajh jaataa haye, tou makadi taba rakshaatmak roop seey kaatati haye. haalaanki, yadi maadaa key paas andaa thaili haye tou yeh usake paas hii rahegi aur kabhi-kabhi kissy bhee khatare koo kaatane key liye aakramak roop seey aage badhegi.
katipo makadiyon key kaatane seey ack syndrome paida hotaa haye jise latrodectism key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. sabhi "latrodectus" makadiyon key vish mein neurotoxin α-latrotoxin key saath samaan ghatak hotey hain joe mukhya agent hain. adhikansh kaatane maadaa makadiyon key kaaran hotey hain; narr katipo koo manushyon mein pranaaleegat roop seey prabhaavit karane key liye bahut chhota maanaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki, narr laal makadiyon key kaatane kii soochana millie haye, joe sujhaav dete hain kii narr "latrodectus" makadiyan manushyon mein vishaaktata kaa kaaran bunn sakati hain. maadaon kii tulanaa mein narr makadiyon key kaatane kii sankhya bahut cumm hoti haye, shayed unake chhote jabadon key kaaran, mahilaaon key samaan shakti key jahar kii kamee yaa prabhaavi kaatane mein asamarth honey key bajaay. maori kinvadantiyon mein kaee mauton koo yaad kiya gayaa haye, jinamen seey antim ack maori ladki thee, joe-missionary thomas chapman key anusaar-lagbhag 1849 mein marr gaee thee. jabaki 19 veen yaa 20 veen shatabdi key shuruati record mein gambhir katipo kaatane kii report thee, taba seey newzealand mein makadi key kaatane seey koee anya maut naheen hui haye. sabse halia mrityu 1901 mein hui prateet hoti haye, jaisa kii usa varsh 25 sitambar koo shaam key post mein bataaya gayaa thaah "ockland, iss dinn. shree. george twiddle, 47 varsh key, shree key putra. pukekohe key george twiddle koo 16 sitambar koo ack katipo makadi ney kaataa thaa. unaki bhuja phool gaee aur unhein pichhale shaniwar taka bahut dard huaa, jaba unaki mrityu hoe gaee. vaha ack vidhwa aur kaee bachchon koo chhod jaataa haye."sabse haal hii mein report kiye gaye katipo bites () 2010 mein ack kanadai paryatak aur 2012 mein ack kaikar key liye they.
lakshan.
latrodectus makadiyon kii sabhi prajaatiyon key liye latrodectism kii naidaanik visheshtaen samaan hain. yeh aam taur parr atyadhik dard kii visheshta haye. shuru mein, kaatane seey dard hoe sakata haye, lekin kabhi-kabhi kewal ack pinn prick yaa halki jalan kii tarah mahsoos hotaa haye. ack ghante key bheetar peediton mein aam taur parr sthaaniya pasina aur kabhi-kabhi pyeloerection (goosebumps) key saath adhik gambhir sthaaniya dard hotaa haye. dard, soojan aur laali site seey nikatata seey failati haye. cumm samanya roop seey, soojan yaa komal kshetriya lymph nodes dwara pranaaleegat nason kii shuruat kii jaati haye; sambandhit visheshtaon mein aswasthata, matali, ulti, pett yaa chhaati mein dard, samanya pasina, sirdard, bukhaar, uchch raktchaap aur compcompy shamil hain. durlabh jatilataon mein daura, komaa, fuffusiya shoth, shwasan viphalata yaa sthaaniya twacha sankraman shamil hain. prabhaav kii avadhi kuchh ghanton seey laker dinon taka hoe sakati haye, kuchh mamalon mein kaatane key baad 24 ghante seey adhik samay taka gambhir dard banaa rahata haye.<riff naam = "isbister/gray"> </riff>
upchaar.
upchaar kaatane kii gambhirta parr adharit haye; adhikansh mamalon mein chikitsa dekhbhal kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye, aur sthaaniya dard, soojan aur laali vaale rogiyon koo aamtaur parr kewal burf aur niyamit analgesic key sthaaniya anuprayog kii aavashyakta hoti haye. yadi sadharan analgesia sthaaniya dard yaa pranaaleegat nason kii naidaanik visheshtaon koo hull naheen kartaa haye tou aspatal key mulyankan kii sifarish kii jaati haye. adhik gambhir kaatane mein, redback antivenum diyaa jaa sakata haye. redback antivenum katipo vish koo paar-tatasth bhee curr sakata haye, aur iska upayog newzealand mein "latrodectus katipo" seey envenoming key ilaaj key liye kiya jaataa haye. yeh newzealand key adhikansh pramukh aspatalon seey upalabdh haye. antivenum aamtaur parr pranaaleegat envenoming key lakshnon koo door karega aur "latrodectus" envenoming key anuroop lakshnon seey peedit kissy bhee vyakti mein sanket diyaa jaataa haye. kuchh anya antivenomes key vipareet, yeh gambhir, pranaaleegat roop seey kamjor honey key sanketon vaale rogiyon taka seemit naheen haye. antivenum kaa upayog karane key liye vishesh sanket sthaaniya hain phir saamaanyikrit dard, pasina yaa uchch raktchaap. haalaanki, vidhwa makadi antivenum kii prabhavsheelta kaa samarthan karane key liye achche sabooton kii kamee haye aur adhyayanon ney latrodectism mein antivenum kii prabhavsheelta parr kuchh sandeh vyakt kiya haye. dard raahat agent, jaise kii parenteral opiates, yaa benzodiazepine kii sahayak agents key roop mein aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.