
blassio vincent andell essou orido

dow. blassio vincent orido, poorna dow. blassio vincent andell essou orido (janm 15 sitambar 1931, kenya coloney key bunyore mein ebwali gaanv-26 janwari 1966 koo mrityu hoe gaee, aaga khaan vishvavidyalaya aspatal, nairobi, kenya) ack african mahamari vigyaani aur ack parjivi vaigyaanik they joe ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa mein apane yogdan aur aupaniveshik aur uttar aupaniveshik kenya, poorv aur madhya africa key deshon aur sudan mein roga mahamari koo rokane key liye kaam karane key liye jaane jaate they. unhein sankraamak bimari seey hajaaron mool african logon kii zaan bachaane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. dow. orido americi rashtriya swaasthya sansthaan (aine. aaee. aich.) dwara prastut baahya chikitsa anusandhaan anudan key praaptakarta they.
orido poorv aur madhya africa mein shaikshanik, swaasthya seva aur samajik-aarthik vikas key sanrakshak they. unhone ack antahvishay drishtikon vikasit kiya joe kenya mein raajneetik swatantrata key liye sangharsh koo poori tarah seey ekikrit swaasthya seva, bauddhik, samajik-aarthik aur nagrik buniyaadi dhaanche key saath jodata haye, vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein joe roga mahamari aur unake samajik-aarthik aur samajik-saanskritik parinamon kaa khamiyaja bhugatate hain. unhone poorv aur madhya african kshetra mein bimari yaa saarvajanik swaasthya ranneeti key aarthik aur bauddhik parinamon key prati ack krantikari mahamari vigyaan key drishtikon koo apanaaya. unhone 1965 seey janwari 1966 mein apani mrityu taka tomm mboy kii antahvishay aarthik vikas salaahkaar team key sadasya key roop mein kaary kiya.
1950 key dashak key anta mein-1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein purvi african chhatron key liye americi shaikshanik chhatravritti karyakram-kenedi airlift key peechhe kii taakton mein seey ack aurido thaa.
jeevani.
orido kaa janm essou khamaati orido (dee. 1 disambar 1992) aur evangline olukhanya ohana analo-orido (dee. 11 julaai 1982), donon paschimi kenya key bantu vansh key luhya jaatiya samooh seey hain. unake pitaa ack kenya rajneta (swatantrata senani aur aupaniveshik yug key raajneetik bandee, jilaa pratinidhi aur ack baar uttar nyanja sthaaniya parishad key adhyaksh), ack udyami, paropkari aur pratham aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anubhavi they. vaha ack isai they jinhone purvi africa mein praarambhik shwet isai missionaryon koo african sanskritiyon koo isai vishvaas key saath sangat key roop mein apanaane kii chunauti dee thee. unaki maan kenya mein mahilaaon key adhikaaron aur saksharta kii vakaalat karati theen. orido apani maan key karib thaa, lekin apane pitaa key saath uska rishta tanaavpurna thaa. unake praarambhik varsh ack chaacha, bernard walter amukhale orido key saath bitaaye gaye they.
unhone sarkari aur mission schools mein praarambhik shiksha praapt kii, aur 1946 mein uttar nyanza key kakamega (vartamaan mein paschimi kenya key kakamega mein kakamega hyee school) mein poorv sarkari african school mein cambridge school pramanpatra key liye safaltapurvak baithe. unhone nairobi mein royal institute off medicine aind public health mein bhaag liya; 1950 mein snaatak kiya. way grate britten key royal college off physician aind sarjan key licenses praapt they. unhone landan vishvavidyalaya key ack ghatak mahavidyalaya, landan school off hygiene aind tropical medicine mein mahamari vigyaan ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa mein saarvajanik swaasthya (dee. aff. aich.) kii degree arjit kii. vaha dutch royal tropical institute aur tullen vishvavidyalaya key medical college key nyu orleans mein ushnakatibandhiya aur sankraamak rogon key school mein ack saathi they. unhone duniya bhar mein kaee vaigyaanik sammelanon aur kaaryavaahi, vyakhyanon aur bolane kii vyastataon mein bhaag liya aur yogdan diyaa.
way ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur sankraamak rogon key kshetra mein pahale aur sabse cumm umr key mool purvi aur madhya african mahamari vigyaani they-donon shodhkarta aur ack naidaanik vyavasaayi key roop mein-sankraamak agents key prasaar, niyantran aur unmoolan mein. unake parjivi mahamari vigyaan chikitsa anusandhaan aur parinami upchaaron koo vaishvik prashansa aur anuprayog milaa haye. way swadeshi aur videshi vidwan prakashanon, chikitsa panels aur vaigyaanik kaaryavaahi key sahyog seey swadeshi chikitsa anusandhaan aur gharelu vaigyaanik chikitsa jaankaari key prasaar key champion they-jaise kii nae naidaanik taur-tareeke, kshetra adhyayan aur khoj. unhone iss soochanaatmak drishtikon koo vibhinn swadeshi swaasthya seva samudaayon aur videshon mein unake samkakshon key beach gyaan aur drishtikon key adaan-pradaan key liye ack prabhaavi aur gatishil munch key roop mein dekhaa; poorv aur madhya african kshetra key bheetar sthaaniya beemariyon parr mahatvapurna jaankaari key dastavejikaran aur prasaar key liye ack tantra. purvi african leishmaniasis yaa kaalaa-azaar (kaalaa bukhaar) key unake mahamari vigyaan sambandhi chikitsa anusandhaan ney niji aur saarvajanik swaasthya kshetron aur nagrik samajon donon mein duniya bhar mein upayog key liye mahatvapurna gyaan paida kiya haye. 1964 mein unhone ack aamantrit visheshagya panellist key roop mein, landan, united kingdam mein keat vigyaan kii xii antarrashtriya congress mein bhaag liya.
1978 kii ghoshana seey bahut pahale seey hii way ack buniyaadi maanav adhikaar key roop mein swaasthya dekhbhal key samarthak they. 1960 mein unhone saamarik, ranneetik, parichaalan aur pradarshan anukraman kii ack swaasthya seva aur swachchata ranneeti kaa nirdesh diyaa; nivaarak taur-tarikon key anuprayog parr adharit ack alpakaalik aur deerghakaalik yojana ranneeti jisane chikitsa vigyaan key pratimaan koo-purvi africa mein-upchaaraatmak sadhanon parr anuchit jore dene seey door karane mein madad kii, aur ack santulit drishtikon kii or adhik. joe saamarik, parichaalan aur sthitijanya upchaaraatmak drishtikon key saath ranneetik mahamari vigyaan gyaan koo prabhaavi roop seey ekikrit kartaa haye. unake karyakal key dauran iss kshetra mein schooly bachchon key swaasthya aur swachchata, saarvajanik swaasthya (pramukh roga mahamari aur behtar swachchata sthitiyon koo rokane), aur antahvishay aur antar-agency sansaadhan key ekikaran mein nirantar sudhaar dekhaa gayaa.
unhone swaasthya seva vyavsaayiyon aur sambandhit nikaayon key beach samanvit drishtikon koo badhaava diyaa aur poshit kiya, taaki saarvajanik swaasthya aur anya nagrik aur samajik kalyan sevaaon key sabse prabhaavi ekikrit aushadhaalay aur sanchaalan koo suvidhajanak banaaya jaa sakey. 1950 seey 1966 mein unaki achaanak aur aspasht mrityu taka, unhein poorv aur madhya african kshetron aur sudan mein kaee sthaanik aur mahamari rogon key jwaar koo rokane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. nimnalikhit una karnamon key udaaharan hain.
octuber 1952 mein, orido key kaushal kaa pareekshan kiya gayaa jaba unakaa naam kenya, uganda aur sudan mein ack ghaatak parjivi visaral leishmaniasis (kaalaa bukhaar) key ack pramukh mahamari key prakop koo rokane key prayason kaa netritva karane key liye rakhaa gayaa thaa. orido koo dakshin-purvi kenya mein kitui mein jilaa aspatal aur saarvajanik swaasthya karyalaya mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, joe mahamari seey sabse adhik prabhaavit kshetra haye. unhone mahamari key jwaar koo rokane key liye ack ranneeti taiyar kii, aur hajaaron logon kii zaan bachaai. 1954 mein yeh bimari giraftar curr lii gaee thee.
1954 mein unhone vartamaan kenya aur uganda mein typhoid mahamari koo rokane key liye ack safal sarkari abhiyaan kaa netritva kiya. aim. tii. kaa uttar kavirondo kshetra. kenya mein elgan-bangoma kshetra (vartamaan mein kenya key poorv paschimi praant mein bangoma county) sabse adhik prabhaavit kshetron mein seey ack thaa. iss bimari ney jaatiya bukusu aabaadi koo khatare mein daal diyaa. unhone sthaaniya bujurgon aur paaramparik chikitsakon key saath sambandh banaae aur mahamari koo roque diyaa.
1960 mein aupaniveshik adhikaariyon ney unhein ack antar-kshetriya, antahvishay aur antar-agency sankat-prabandhan dall kaa margadarshan karane aur samanvaya karane key liye ack roadmap taiyar karane kaa kaam saunpa taaki ack kwashiyorkor sankat seey nipata jaa sakey-shishuon aur bachchon key beach uchch mrityu darr vaali bimari. unhone safaltapurvak kikuyu jaatiya samooh parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, joe una ilaakon mein seey ack haye jahan bimari sthaanik thee. kikuyu abhiyaan seey sabak lene seey ack prabhaavi kshetriya ranneeti koo badhaava milaa.
1959 mein unhone purvi african uchch bhoomi mein maleria unmoolan abhiyaan koo tej kiya, jisane iss kshetra mein maleria mahamari koo cumm karane mein madad kii.
1964 mein way americi rashtriya swaasthya sansthaan (aine. aaee. aich.), baahya anusandhaan karyakram dwara pradaan kiye gaye ack pratishthit chikitsa anusandhaan anudan key praaptakarta they. way landan school off hygiene aind tropical medicine, dutch royal institute aur tulaane vishvavidyalaya key medical college off public health aind tropical medicine mein ack puraskar vijeta aur tripakshiya saathi they.
tomm mboy key vishvaspatra, unhone purvi african chhatron key liye shiksha key avsaron koo safaltapurvak praapt karane key liye mboy key saath gathbandhan kiya.
way purvi africa mein shikshaavidon, swaasthya seva aur samajik-aarthik vikas key sanrakshak they. poore kshetra mein roga mahamari seey ladate hue unhone desh key badey kshetron mein samajik-aarthik, swaasthya seva aur bauddhik pragati koo nuksan pahunchaane key liye avikasit buniyaadi dhaanche parr tippani kii. iss anubhav ney unhein graameen nagrikon key liye dharmayuddh kii or leey gayaa. apane sahyogiyon dwara pairavi kiye jaane key bavjood unhone rajneeti mein apana currier banaane seey incar curr diyaa. baad mein unhone 1965 seey janwari 1966 mein apani mrityu taka tomm mboy key kahane parr mboy kii bahu-vishayak aarthik vikas team key sadasya key roop mein seva kii.
vaha dhokhadhadi aur saarvajanik vishvaas key durupyog kaa kattar virodhi thaa; poori tarah seey jiddi-ack asambaddh imandar-aur ayogyata key prati apmaanjanak tiraskar aur adheer thaa. way satta mein baithe logon dwara kiye gaye kukarm key mukhar aalochak they; iss prakaar, unaki neetiyaan aupaniveshik kenya key shasakon aur adhikansh uttar aupaniveshik naukarshahon aur bhroon swatantra kenya key raajneetik abhijaat varg key liye abhishaap bunn gaeen. 1965 mein, neetherland mein ack sammelan aur europe mein anya aadhikarik karyakramon seey lautane parr, unhone bhrashtachar, ayogyata aur kartavya seey farar honey key liye kaee pravasiyon aur mool nivaasiyon key rojgar koo samaapt curr diyaa. unake karyon koo naukarshahon aur raajneetik abhijaat varg key ack cadder key "aid hominem" hamalon kaa saamana karna padaa; phir bhee, vaha apane paksh mein khade rahey aur aadeshon koo radd karane key liye daraane seey incar curr diyaa. unakaa vichaar thaa kii yeye lock sevak poori tarah seey khud koo samriddh aur sashakt banaane key liye kaam karate they.
way angreji, dutch, kiswahili, luganda, luhya, dholuo, kamba aur kikuyu bhaashaon key dharapravah vaktaa aur lekhak they.
bahu-vishayak aur nasleeya roop seey vividh (african, bhaaratiya-asiai, caucasian, arab, aadi) kaa ack cadder.) poore purvi africa key samkaaleen samajik sambhog mein shamil honey key liye unake awas parr aatey they-aadarshon aur vichaaron kaa adaan-pradaan, manoranjan, sthaaniya aur antarrashtriya mamalon parr bahas aur bhoo-rajneeti. way apane samkaaleenon key liye "jaraha" key roop mein jaane jaate they-"aine vog socialite" yaa "cosmopolitan" key liye ack sankar kiswahili-dhuluo muhawara. unake sahyogiyon mein tomm mbaya (dee. 1969)-jinake saath way vishvaspatra they; surr phillip admond clinton manson-bahar (dee. 1966)-surr patrick messon key damad, ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key kshetra key doyen sansthaapak; dow. apolo milton obote-1962 mein britten seey swatantrata key liye yuganda kaa netritva kiya, dou baar pradhaan mantri aur rashtrapati baney; pro. pahaadi ozimbo; massinde muliro; charles jonjo; kitili maluki mwendwa; elija vaseeke mwangley; paul nagei; fred kubai; acheng oneco; joseph ottinde; dow julius giconio kiano; argovings codec; dow. bee. aeye. southgate-british aupaniveshik chikitsa karyalaya, landan; dow. aar. bowen; aur dow. aar. bee. hesh; naam parr lekin kuchh.
praarambhik jeevan.
dow. bee. vee. orido kaa janm essou khamaati orido (dee. 1 disambar 1992) aur evangline olukhanya ohana analo-orido (dee. 11 julaai 1982), donon africa key bantu vansh key paschimi kenya key luhya janjaati seey hain. unaki maan ack grihini, ack gharelu arthshastra kii shikshika aur mahila adhikaaron kii prabal samarthak theen. jabaki unake pitaa ack poorna kenya rajneta, rajneta (1910-1960 key dashak), aur ack upaniveshvaad virodhi karyakarta aur swatantrata senani they, jinhen hirasat mein liya gayaa thaa, unake saath sarvocch pramukh koinange aur jomo kenyata (kenya ganarajya key pahale rashtrapati), aur kenya kii british shasson seey swatantrata key abhiyaan key dauran anya upaniveshvaad virodhi cadder they. essou orido ack udyami aur trade unionwadi bhee they, joe isai dharm key kattar dharm-samarthak they, jinhone swadeshi african sanskritiyon koo apanaaya, paropkari they, aur pratham vishva yuddh aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh key ack anubhavi sanic key roop mein british senaa kii raajaa kii african rifles (kaar) resiment mein ack sanic key roop mein they. haalaanki vaha apani maan key saath ghanishth sambandh kaa anand leey rhaa thaa, lekin usake pitaa key saath sambandh alag hoe gaye they. vaha bachpan mein ghar seey bhaag gayaa thaa. unake praarambhik varsh unake chaacha, bernard walter amukhale orido key saath bitaaye gaye, jinhone unhein paalane mein madad kii. yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii unake chaacha ney dow mein ack prabhaavshaali bhoomika nibhai thee. bee. vee. orido kaa swaasthya seva vyavasaay koo vaastavik banaane kaa nirnay, bhale hii unake pitaa chaahte they kii way vyavasaay aur raajneetik currier banaaen.
shiksha.
unhone sarkari aur mission schools mein praarambhik shiksha praapt kii, aur 1946 mein uttar nyanza key kakamega (vartamaan mein paschimi kenya key kakamega mein kakamega hyee school) mein poorv sarkari african school mein cambridge school pramanpatra key liye safaltapurvak baithe. unhone kenya key upnagariya nairobi mein ack abhijaat varg key sarkari college, pratishthit royal institute off medicine aind public health (rimph) mein bhaag liya, joe poorv aur madhya africa mein cerebrally pratibhashali vidvaanon koo puuraa kartaa thaa; jahaan unhone saarvajanik swaasthya, swachchata aur roga roktham chikitsa karyakram parr dhyaan kendrit karate hue chikitsa mein ack antahvishay degree praapt kii. royal institute off medicine aind public health mein adhyayan key apane karyakal key dauran, unhone chikitsa anusandhaan prayogshala, nairobi mein keat janit rogon key vibhajan key saath ack karmchari shodhkarta sahayak key roop mein internship praapt kii. 1950 mein unhone uchch sammaan key saath snaatak karate hue rimph mein apani college shiksha poori kii. apane college snaatak key usee varsh unhone board pramanan pariksha safaltapurvak poori kii, joe grate britten mein landan seey prashaasit thee; vaha landan key royal college off physician key licenses praapt hoe gaye. pramanan aur licenses ney unhein ack varishth saarvajanik swaasthya adhikaari key naukari vargeekaran key liye yogya banaaya-ack rank joe vishesh roop seey britten yaa coccian chikitsa pravasiyon key liye nirdhaarit kii gaee haye joe mahaan britten chikitsa degree yaa anuroop europeeya yogyata rakhate hain. isake alawa, unaki yogyata aupaniveshik chikitsa seva dwara rojgar kii aavashyaktaon koo paar curr gaee-british videshi kshetron mein swaasthya sevaaon aur neetigat pahalon key vitaran key liye jimmedaar sangathan. isake bajaay, unhein ack african sahayak chikitsa adhikaari (aamo) key roop mein ack nimn pada parr niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhone iss niyukti koo aswikar curr diyaa; 1951 mein unhein "dee jeur" aayog key saath ack varishth saarvajanik swaasthya adhikaari key roop mein vaastavik roop seey ghoshit kiya gayaa, jisane unhein poorv aur madhya african kshetra mein seva karane kii anumati dee. unhone aupaniveshik chikitsa seva key tatvavdhan mein karyon key liye bhee arhata praapt kii.[ 1954 mein unhein landan school off hygiene aind tropical medicine mein united kingdam mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur parjivi mahamari vigyaan kaa adhyayan karane key liye akaadamik fellowship millie. unakaa shodh prabandh vector-janit ushnakatibandhiya rogon parr thaa; yeh purvi african leishmaniasis (kaalaa-azaar) key mahamari vigyaan parr kendrit thaa, aur ack dee. aff. aich. praapt kiya. 1957 mein way sanyukt raajya america mein nyu orleans mein tullen vishvavidyalaya key medical college key school off public health aind tropical medicine seey ack sahayogi anusandhaan vaigyaanik fellowship key praaptakarta they-unhone janwari 1966 mein apani tatkaal aspasht mrityu taka tullen vishvavidyalaya key saath purvi africa mein apane kaam koo jaari rakhaa. way neetherland mein dutch royal institute dwara pradaan kiye gaye shodh wazife key praaptakarta bhee they; sansthaan ney sakriya roop seey neetherland aur anya europeeya deshon mein "vector-borne tropical digiesah epidemiology off east african leishmaniasis (kaalaa-azaar)" parr apane shodh koo badhaava diyaa. unhone parishrampurna kaushal key saath, africa mein ushnakatibandhiya rogon key baare mein jagrukta koo badhaava dene key liye vibhinn antarrashtriya vidwan chikitsa sammelanon aur vishesh kaaryavaahi key liye videsh yatra key saath vyaavsaayik kartavyon aur chhatravritti anusandhaan koo prabhaavi dhang seey sanyojit karate hue kaam kiya; aur mahadweep parr mahamariyon aur anya roktham yogya beemariyon koo rokane key liye anusandhaan aur dawa kii khoj key liye dhana koo protsaahit karane mein madad kii. purvi africa mein europeeya upaniveshvaad key apoji mein 30 saal seey cumm umr key mool african key liye ack mahakavya upalabdhi! 1959 mein unhone ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur swachchata key shaahi samaaj kii poorna sadasyata praapt kii-ack landan sthit sangathan joe ushnakatibandhiya roga key adhyayan, niyantran aur roktham koo badhaava detaa haye, aur ushnakatibandhiya rogon aur antarrashtriya swaasthya mein ruchi rakhane vaalon key beach charcha aur jaankaari key adaan-pradaan kii suvidha pradaan kartaa haye, aur inn uddeshyon mein ruchi rakhane vaalon key kaam koo samagr roop seey badhaava detaa haye. 1962 mein, tulaane vishvavidyalaya key medical college key school off tropical aind infectius digies key saath apane sahayogi shodh key madhyam seey, unhein sanyukt raajya america key swaasthya aur maanav seva vibhaag kii ack agency nih seey ack pratishthit baahya chikitsa anusandhaan anudan seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
peshevar jeevan.
apane poore currier key dauran way british aupaniveshik chikitsa sevaaon key tatvavdhan mein chikitsa anusandhaan prayogshala mein swaasthya aur awas mantralaya, nairobi, kenya aur keat janit rogon key nairobi-adharit vibhaag mein kaaryarat they. unake mahamari vigyaan key vyavasaay kii shuruat 1950 mein hui jaba unhone royal institute off medicine aind public health seey saarvajanik swaasthya aur nivaarak chikitsa (dee. aff. aich.) mein diploma praapt kiya. usee avadhi mein, unnis saal kii umr mein, vaha poorv aur madhya african kshetra mein mahamari vigyaan aur parjivi vigyaan mein sakriya antahvishay chikitsa anusandhaan mein swaayatt roop seey sanlagn honey vaale sabse cumm umr key mool nivasi bunn gaye. landan (britten) dwara prashaasit board pramanan pariksha aur licenses key prabhaavi samaapan key baad, unhein 1951 mein swaasthya aur awas mantralaya, nairobi, kenya key tatvavdhan mein ack varishth (pradhaan) saarvajanik swaasthya adhikaari key pada parr vaastavik roop seey niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. iss prakaar, british purvi africa coloney aur sanrakshit raajya mein iss tarah key commission koo aayojit karane vaalaa pahala aur ekmatra mool vyakti, doo jorr bunn gayaa. baad mein way ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur sankraamak rogon key kshetra mein pahale mool purvi african mahamari vigyaani baney. unhone aupaniveshik chikitsa sevaaon aur swaasthya aur awas mantralaya key tatvavdhan mein dohri kshamata mein ack mahamari vigyaani key roop mein kaam kiya. unake sahayak aur agrani parjivi mahamari vigyaan aur chikitsa anusandhaan, aur poorv aur madhya africa mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur keat janit sankraamak rogon key kshetra mein mahamari vigyaan maanchitran aur nivaarak taur-tarikon koo vaishvik prashansa aur anuprayog praapt huaa haye. poorv mein, unaki antahvishay chikitsa kaushal; saarvajanik seva key liye samarpan; niswarthata; aur sthaaniya african graminon key saath judane kii kshamata ney roga-mahamari key prakop koo rokane aur hajaaron mool nivaasiyon key jeevan koo bachaane mein madad kii; aur poorv aur madhya african kshetra aur sudan mein jeevan kii gunavatta mein sudhaar kiya. shoke key saath, itihaslekhan yaa tou europeeya doctors yaa vibhinn african aupaniveshik chikitsa sevaaon key gair-shwet adheensthon parr kendrit haye, jabaki gair-shwet kaarmik, jaise dow. bee. vee. orido, jinhone uchch sthiti vaale padon parr samkaaleen roop seey kaam kiya, unhein bahut cumm dhyaan diyaa gayaa haye yaa koee sweekriti naheen millie haye.
1950 mein unhein kangda key kampala mein maleria parr vishva swaasthya sangathan key sammelan mein bhaag lene key liye kenya key mutthi bhar chikitsa chhatron kaa netritva karane key liye chunaa gayaa thaa.
halanki chikitsa anusandhaan prayogshala mein keat janit rogon key nairobi-adharit vibhajan mein [notes 6], aur swaasthya aur awas mantralaya key dauran aur aupaniveshik british shasson key baad, unhone african mahaan jheelon key kshetra kii adiwasi aabaadi kii seva karane key hita mein shahar key aaraam "doo jorr" koo chhod diyaa, vyaktigat roop seey aage badh rahey they. unhone apana adhikansh samay roga-grast dooradraj key gaanvon mein bitaaya, upchaaraatmak aur nivaarak upaayon koo saavdhaanipoorvak lagu karate hue; tippaniyon koo record karna aur rogon kaa maanchitran karna, reports koo likhana aur prasaarit karna.
unaki mastishk kshamataon aur ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur sankraamak vector-janit rogon key kshetra mein apaar kshamata koo pahale seey hii surr phillip admond clinton manson-bahar, aim. dee., (dee. navambar 1966) british aupaniveshik chikitsa sevaaon key liye aur ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa mein unake yogdan key liye prasiddh; aur surr patrick messon key damad, ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key kshetra key doyen sansthaapak. surr manson-bahar ney yuva shodhkarta koo purvi africa mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur sankraamak rogon parr apane kaam mein sahaayata karane key liye soochibaddh kiya; aur baad mein, british samrajya key bheetar kaheen aur, badey paimaane parr aupaniveshik chikitsa seva key tatvavdhan mein-aupaniveshik seva key kaarmik varg, swaasthya peshevaron koo niyukt karate hue joe aupaniveshik karmchaariyon aur british samrajya kii sthaaniya aabaadi donon key swaasthya kii or rukh karate they.
1951 mein surr manson-bahar ney unhein "sankraamak ushnakatibandhiya rogon key visheshagyon key sammelanah dakshin prashant mein filariasis" mein bhaag lene key liye aamantrit kiya, joe agast-sitambar, 1951 mein paapite, taahiti mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa; jisamen surr manson-bahar ack pramukh aayojak aur vartakar they. aupaniveshik purvi africa "doo jaur" mein filariasis teji seey chinta kaa vishay bunn gayaa thaa.
donon purush baad mein sankraamak rogon aur ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa key kshetra mein ghanishth mitrata aur sahyog koo badhaava denge. isake alawa, surr manson-bahar ney british aupaniveshik chikitsa sevaaon aur poorv african beuro off research inn medicine aind hygiene (purvi africa uchch aayog) key sanyojan mein ullekhaniya roop seey una saraahaniya prayason mein bhaag liya, jinhone unhein 1954 mein landan school off hygiene aind tropical medicine mein united kingdam mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur parjivi mahamari vigyaan kaa adhyayan karane key liye shodh fellowship arjit kii.
1964 mein unhein landan, united kingdam mein keat vigyaan kii xii antarrashtriya congress mein visheshagyon key panel mein aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa.
sankraamak roga key khilaf abhiyaan.
unhone swaasthya seva, samajik-aarthik aur anya samajik kalyan sevaaon key sabse prabhaavi ekikrit aushadhaalay aur sanchaalan koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye swaasthya seva vyavsaayiyon aur sambandhit nikaayon key beach samanvit drishtikon koo badhaava diyaa aur poshit kiya. vaha vyaktiyon, samudaayon aur nagrik buniyaadi dhaanche yaa sangathanon parr bimari yaa chot key pratikool samajik-aarthik, samajik-saanskritik aur samajik-paaristhitik parinamon key baare mein poorv-sangyaan mein thaa. unhone ack swasth hitdhaarak-bhagidari key madhyam seey ack majboot aur gatishil antahvishay yaa bahupakshiya saajhedaari mein sabhi pramukh hitdhaarakon key saath prabhaavi dhang seey talmel kiya, jiska vaanchhit pramukh parinam roga roktham pahal taiyar karna aur lagu karna thaa joe sakshya-adharit they, aur vyaavhaarik aur parivartankari donon, lakshya-jansankhya aur parinam-sanchaalit kii disha mein taiyar kiye gaye they. yeye pahal pradarshan anukramit theen-"banaam-aeye-vis", maapane yogya pradarshan pradaan karati theen.
1950 seey 1966 mein unaki achaanak aur aspasht mrityu taka, unhein poorv aur madhya african kshetron aur sudan mein kaee sthaanik aur mahamari rogon key jwaar koo rokane aur hajaaron maanav jeevan koo rokane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. 1959 mein unhone purvi african uchch bhoomi mein maleria unmoolan abhiyaan koo tej kiya, jisane iss kshetra mein maleria mahamari koo cumm karane mein madad kii.
kaalaa-azaar (kaalaa bukhaar) yaa aanton mein leishmaniasis mahamari.
octuber 1952 mein yuva beevi orido key kaushal kaa pareekshan kiya gayaa jaba unhein kenya aur uganda key kuchh hisson mein "black fever" roga key ack pramukh mahamari key prakop koo rokane key prayason kaa netritva karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. mahamari ney khud koo sudan mein bhee prakat kiya thaa. kaalaa-azaar (kaalaa bukhaar) yaa "visaral leishmaniasis" ushnakatibandhiya, uposhnakatibandhiya aur dakshini europe key liye ack ghaatak parjivi roga haye. unhone ack vyaavhaarik drishtikon apanaaya aur khud koo sudur bheetari seema chauki jilaa aspatal aur kenya mein kitui mein saarvajanik swaasthya karyalaya mein sthanantarit curr diyaa; joe kshetra mahamari seey buri tarah prabhaavit thaa. unhone mahamari key jwaar koo rokane key liye ack samajhdaar ranneeti taiyar kii, aur hajaaron logon kii zaan bachaai. 1954 mein yeh bimari giraftar curr lii gaee thee.
typhoid bukhaar mahamari.
1954 mein orido ney vartamaan kenya aur uganda mein typhoid bukhaar mahamari koo rokane key liye ack safal sarkari abhiyaan kaa netritva kiya. kenya key mount elgan jile key uttari kavirondo kshetra mein, bungoma county sabse adhik prabhaavit kshetron mein seey ack thaa. iss bimari ney jaatiya bukusu aabaadi koo tabah curr diyaa. iss bimari koo rokane key unake prayason koo bukusu logon dwara maanyata dee gaee, jinhone unhein "omukasa", ack bukusu sardar kii maanad upaadhi dekar ack mahaan chikitsak key roop mein sammaanit kiya. unaki upalabdhi ney unhein landan school off hygiene aind tropical medicine seey shodh wazifa bhee dilaaya.
kwashiyarkor.
1940 key dashak mein kwashiyorkor africa mein ack abhee taka paribhaashit poshan sambandhi vikaar thaa. bachchon mein mrityu darr pareshan karane vaali thee. 1960 mein, mahamari roga key prakop key khilaf unake poorv safal abhiyaanon key aadhar parr, aupaniveshik adhikaariyon ney orido koo kwashiyonkor sankat prabandhan dall kaa margadarshan aur samanvaya karane key liye ack roadmap banaane kaa kaam diyaa. upalabdh aankadon kaa upayog karate hue, unhone kikuyu jaatiya samooh parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, una ilaakon mein seey ack mein jahaan bimari prabal thee. kikuyu abhiyaan safal rhaa. kikuyu abhiyaan seey sabak lene seey ack prabhaavi rashtriya ranneeti koo badhaava milaa. karyakram key pramukh tatvon mein seey ack rashtriya vidyalaya doodh karyakram thaa joe subah aur dopahar key avkash key dauran bachchon koo dainik doodh raashan pradaan kartaa thaa. shikshakon koo shaaririk shiksha (pee. ee.) avadhi key dauran chhatron key swaasthya aur swachchata kii jaanch karane kii aavashyakta thee aur schools koo chhaatr teekaakaran record koo adyatit rakhane kaa prabhaar diyaa gayaa thaa.
plasmodium falsiperum maleria mahamari abhiyaan.
1950 aur 1960 key dashak key anta mein unhone purvi africa mein african aur asiai samudaayon key beach maleria key khilaf abhiyaan kaa samarthan kiya, samanvaya kiya aur utsaah badhaaya, jahaan bimari kii mahamari gambhir roop seey sthaanik thee aur mrityu darr mein bhaari vriddhi hui thee. way samudaay, vishesh roop seey mool african janjaatiyaan jyaadaatar doorasth aur vanchit sthitiyon mein theen. unake prayason seey pahale, una samudaayon koo aupaniveshik shasson seey sabse achchha, spasmodic dhyaan milaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, 1961 kii bhaari varsha ney baadh laa dee aur maleria mahamari key prakop mein vriddhi hui joe bheetari ilaakon mein gaharaai seey fail gaee. way ack vyaapak saarvajanik swaasthya niyantran karyakram taiyar karane aur lagu karane mein sansaadhan key peechhe ack pramukh shakti they; karyakram key tatvon mein 1940 key nairobi abhiyaan key safal pahaluon kaa laabh uthaana, prajanan sthalon kii khoj aur maanchitran karna, keat vigyaan aur mahamari vigyaan adhyayan kaa sanchaalan karna, ruke hue paani aur jhaadiyon kaa tail aur larviciding, aur badey paimaane parr chemoprophylaxis prashaasan shamil thaa. african aur asiai samudaayon key beach kaee doorasth aur vanchit settings mein maleria mahamari koo rokane mein yeh drishtikon safal rhaa.
sthitijanya, saamarik, parichaalan aur ranneetik rashtriya swaasthya pranali.
way ack mahatvapurna pradarshan anukramit swaasthya seva gunavatta sudhaar karyakram key ack asahaniya yoddha they, jisane teekaakaran key avsaron koo cumm karke, jawabdehi aavashyaktaon key satark prashaasan aur swaasthya kalyan aur fitness key liye prathaon key samagr behtar manakon koo sabhi staron parr, purvi africa kshetra mein teekaakaran roktham yogya rogon key teekaakaran coverage star koo badhaaya. 1960 mein way ack gatishil antahvishay bahu-ghatak aur bahu-peedhi saarvajanik swaasthya key pramukh vastukaron mein seey ack they, joe nivaarak taur-tarikon key anuprayog key aadhar parr deerghakaalik yojana kii ack swaasthya seva aur swachchata ranneeti thee, jisane chikitsa vigyaan key pratimaan koo-poorv africa mein-upchaaraatmak sadhanon parr anuchit jore dene seey door karane mein madad kii, aur ack santulit drishtikon kii or; joe saarvajanik swaasthya ranneetiyon koo anukoolit karna chaahata haye joe mahamari vigyaan, parjivi vigyaan aur rogjanak gyaan koo ranneetik aur sthitijanya upchaaraatmak drishtikon key saath prabhaavi dhang seey ekikrit kartaa haye.vaanchhit pramukh parinamon mein roga yaa sankraamak agents kii roktham, vikalangata, kuposhan aur mrityu darr-vishesh roop seey bachchon, yuvaaon aur yuva vayaskon kii kamjor aabaadi key beach-teekaakaran, swachchata, poshan (jaise.jee., kwashiyorkor mahamari key prakop key khilaf apane abhiyaan key hisse key roop mein schooly bachchon key liye muft taral padaarth puuraa doodh pradaan karna), aur multivitamine key saath aahar poorak, aur sankraamak, parjivi aur sambandhit rogon key niyantran dwara. poorvavarti swaasthya seva aur swachchata ranneeti koo british aupaniveshik poorv african uchch aayog aur landan mein british aupaniveshik chikitsa sevaaon kii sarahana millie; iss ranneeti koo aayog aur kenya key swaasthya aur awas mantralaya dwara anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh karyakram purvi africa mein vartamaan swaasthya seva aur swachchata ranneeti key sangathanaatmak mool tatva banaata haye.
dow. bee. vee. orido ney vyaktigat roop seey kenya aur uganda key jyaadaatar dooradraj key kshetron mein aashcharyajanak anupaalan audit kiya-unhone sudharatmak upaayon key liye apane nishkarshon aur sifaarishon koo rekhaankit karate hue saavdhaanipoorvak thhos avalokan likhe, aur poorna anupaalan key liye ack samay seema banaai. pranaaleegat viphaltaon key mamalon mein, vaha farar vyakti (vyaktiyon) koo sankshep mein nirvahan karane key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa.
roga key aarthik parinamon key liye ack mahamari vigyaan pariprekshya.
ack seemant rajneta aur ack vaigyaanik key roop mein unhone ack antahvishay agrani drishtikon vikasit kiya joe kenya mein raajneetik swatantrata key liye sangharsh koo poori tarah seey ekikrit swaasthya seva, bauddhik, samajik-aarthik aur nagrik buniyaadi dhaanche key saath jodata haye; vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein joe roga mahamari aur isake gambhir samajik-aarthik aur samajik-saanskritik parinamon kaa shikaar they. poorv mein, unhone purvi african kshetra mein bimari yaa saarvajanik swaasthya ranneeti key aarthik aur bauddhik parinamon key prati ack krantikari "doo jaur" mahamari vigyaan key drishtikon koo apanaaya. vaastav mein, way samajh gaye kii ack vyavharya swatantra kenya key liye naa kewal sushikshit mool peshevaron key ack cadder kii aavashyakta hogi, balki anivarya roop seey ack tikaau majboot aur gatishil sthaaniya swaasthya seva aur bauddhik buniyaadi dhaanche kii bhee aavashyakta hogi joe ack sthaayi aarthik vikas koo badhaava dene aur chalaane mein saksham honge, isaliye usake sabhi logon kii ack samaan samagr bhalai hogi. iss prabhaav key liye, unhone navjat uttar aupaniveshik kenya key nae samvidhaan key tahat ack spasht roop seey nirdhaarit adhikaar key roop mein swaasthya dekhbhal koo anukoolit karane key liye utsaahpoorvak pairavi kii-halanki asafal. iss purvadarshi antahvishay poorna rajkaushal ney unhein apane samkaaleenon key prabhaavshaali raajneetik cadder seey alag curr diyaa joe kenya key swatantrata sangram key saath pramukh roop seey varnit hain.
deshi aushadhiya prathaon koo viniyamit karna.
apane poore currier key dauran, orido ney sandigdh lock chikitsa aur rahasyavaad koo viniyamit karane kii maang kii joe purvi africa mein ack kendriya samajik-saanskritik sansthaan banaa rhaa. way swadeshi prathaon key mukhar aalochak they jinhone mool samudaayon kii bhalai koo khatare mein daal diyaa aur quack key liye aasaan shikaar banaa diyaa. unhone swaasthya aur awas mantralaya key tatvavdhan mein rashtriya aur praantiya staron parr ack nasl chikitsa salaahkaar board kii sthaapana kii sifarish kii; ack board jisaki sanrachana mein paaramparik chikitsak aur aadhunik swaasthya seva vyavasaayi shamil honge.
chikitsa anusandhaan.
1950 key dashak mein orido ney surr manson-bahar aur bee key samarthan seey champion kii madad kii.aeye. southgate, sanyukt raajya america key rashtriya chikitsa pustakalaya key samaan purvi africa key liye ack sahakarmi-sameeksha vyaapak swaasthya seva sandarbh databases kaa nirmaan. isi tarah, unhone graameen kshetron mein ack majboot aur gatishil swaasthya seva buniyaadi dhaanche key nirmaan kaa samarthan kiya-"kenya key liye ack rashtriya sandarbh swaasthya kendra".
1953 aur 1954 mein, way united kingdam key landan sthit aupaniveshik karyalaya key tatvavdhan mein purvi africa uchch aayog key vaigyaanik sammelan mein ack aamantrit panellist they. 11 janwari 1961 koo, nairobi mein "arthropod-janit rogon key mahamari vigyaan" parr sammelan key pahale poorv african leishmaniasis (kaalaa-azaar) key unake mahamari vigyaan chikitsa adhyayan kii pahali shrinkhala kaa ack saar prastut kiya gayaa thaa. iss kaam koo achchi tarah seey praapt kiya gayaa thaa, aur vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya gayaa haye aur vyaapak roop seey uddhrit kiya gayaa haye. ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa, swachchata aur sankraamak rogon mein unake kaam koo maranoparant sahyogiyon dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa haye, jaise kii saathi puraskar vijeta dow. baa southgate, aur anya.
1964 mein way americi rashtriya swaasthya sansthaan (aine. aaee. aich.), baahya anusandhaan karyakram dwara pradaan kiye gaye ack pratishthit chikitsa anusandhaan anudan key praaptakarta they. yeh anudan purvi africa mein ushnakatibandhiya chikitsa aur sankraamak rogon mein unake mahamari vigyaan, parjivi vigyaan aur roga-vigyaan anusandhaan key samarthan mein thaa. orido key kaam koo vaishvik prashansa aur anuprayog milaa haye.
purvi african leishmaniasis key mahamari vigyaan aur parjivi vigyaan mein adhyayan.
orido key "purvi africa key mahamari vigyaan aur parjivi vigyaan adhyayanon" key kaaran kenya mein octuber 1952 mein "visaral leishmaniasis" mahamari kaa prakop samaapt hoe gayaa. 1952 mein vaha kaalaa-azaar mahamari key prakop key khilaf ack abhiyaan kaa nirdeshan karane key liye kitui mein doorasth jilaa aspatal aur saarvajanik swaasthya karyalaya chaley gaye. kaalaa-azaar (kaalaa bukhaar) yaa "visaral leishmaniasis" ushnakatibandhiya, uposhnakatibandhiya aur dakshini europe mein ack ghaatak parjivi roga haye. iss bimari kaa pahali baar 1946 mein kenya key kitui kshetra mein nidan kiya gayaa thaa. kitui mahamari ney poore jaatiya kamba gaanvon koo mitaa dene kaa khatra paida curr diyaa thaa. 1954 mein yeh bimari giraftar curr lii gaee thee.
yeh bimari purvi africa aur sudan key anya kshetron mein sarvavyaapi rahee. iss prakaar, surr pee key protsaahan aur samarthan key saath. ee. see. manson-bahar aur dow. bee. aeye. southgate mein, unhone nairobi mein chikitsa anusandhaan prayogshala key keat janit rogon key vibhaag mein southgate aur dou anya shodhkartaon key saath milkar visaral leishmaniasis key mahamari vigyaan aur parjivi vigyaan adhyayan karane kaa prastaav rakhaa. landan school off hygiene aind tropical medicine mein unake shodh adhyayan kii neenv. unake pramukh sahayogi they landan school off hygiene aind tropical medicine; surr phillip heinry manson-bahar; poorv african uchch aayog kaa poorv africa beuro off research inn medicine aind hygiene; landan mein british aupaniveshik chikitsa sevaayen; swaasthya aur awas mantralaya, kenya; keat janit rogon kaa vibhajan, chikitsa anusandhaan prayogshala, nairobi; aur sanyukt raajya mein tullen vishvavidyalaya key medical college kaa school off tropical aind infectius digies.
unake mahamari vigyaan aur parjivi chikitsa anusandhaan aur poorv aur madhya africa mein aanton key leishmaniasis key kshetra avalokan, aur sudan ney khulasa kiya kii citeris paribus key sampark mein aaney vaali purush aur mahila aabaadi mein alag-alag lakshan hotey hain yaa kabhi-kabhi koee lakshan naheen hotey hain; aage, purushon kii tulanaa mein mahilaaon mein seropositivity darr adhik thee; jabaki, leishmanin twacha pareekshan kaa upayog karate hue, purushon mein uchch prasaar darj kiya gayaa haye. unake avalokan ney roga key garbh mein bahu-rogashaastriya karakon key spashteekaran mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai; jiska chitran, roga yaa sankraamak agents key preran aur avyakt charanon key galat vargeekaran koo rokane mein saar haye. unake kaam key aadhar parr ack aur pramukh spashteekaran yeh haye kii leishmania protozoa parjivi key praakritik sancharan chakr koo banaae rakhane key liye sankramit logon kii aavashyakta naheen haye; arthaat.praakritik sancharan chakr pashu jalaashay mejbaanon key saath-saath sandflies key madhyam seey tikaau haye. inn nishkarshon ney adhik vidvatapurna jatil aadhunik mahamari vigyaan aur parjivi vigyaan key drishtikon key madhyam seey roga kii ushmaayan prakriya key adhik prabhaavi lakshan varnan kaa maarg prashast karane mein madad kii. iss kaam kaa vyaapak roop seey ullekh kiya gayaa haye aur jatil bahuayami drishtikon vyaapak roop seey lagu kiya gayaa haye.
shikshaavidon key sanrakshak.
poorv aur madhya africa kshetra mein swaasthya seva pranali mein orido key yogdan key alawa, way uchch shiksha key sanrakshak they. 1950 key dashak key anta mein (aur usake baad) vaha videshon mein samaan vichardhara vaale samkaaleenon key saath apariharya sambandhon koo badhaava dene key peechhe ack mook shakti they, jisake kaaran uttar america mein pratibhashali purvi african chhatron key liye uchch shiksha key avsaron kii shuruat hui. aupaniveshik aur bhroon uttar aupaniveshik kaal key dauran, mool african chhatron key liye uchch shiksha key avsar aparyaapt they. uchch shiksha pahal (uttar america mein avsaron kii avadharana) unake vishvaspatra aur hamvatan, thomas joseph odhiyambo "tomm" mbaya (dee. julaai 1969)-kenya key mukti andolan mein ack raajneetik vyakti. donon mitra apane sanyukt prayason mein poori tarah seey apariharya they; isake alawa, unhone ack pramukh neetigat pahal key roop mein karyakram koo badhaava dene key liye sthaaniya aur videshon mein anya pramukh nayakon key saath milkar kaam kiya. inmein seey kuchh pramukh bhagidaron mein senator johnn aff shamil they. canady, villium aiks. scheman (vyavasaayi), jackie robbinson (poorv baseball starr), hairi belafonte (gaayak aur abhineta), aur sidney poetier (abhineta); villium aiks. yojnakar nissandeh vaha stambh haye jisane abhiyaan koo majboot kiya, aur injan aur eendhan jisane prakriya koo banaae rakhaa-ack aisaa vyakti jisake liye kenya kaa bahut badaa rinn haye. tomm mboy ney sitambar 1959 mein sanyukt raajya america aur kanada mein chhatravritti key saath shuruati 81 chhatron key liye uttari america mein havaai parivahan koo surakshit karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. isake baad, mbaya iss safal pahal kaa pramukh raajneetik chehra bunn jaayega. shayed iss pahal kii pramukh upalabdhi 1959 mein african americi chhaatr foundation (aeye. aeye. aiss. aff.) kii sthaapana thee, jisane aage purvi african deshon key chhatron key liye uttari america mein saikadon naee chhatravritti praapt kii. isake alawa, aeye. aeye. aiss. aff. ney chhatravritti praaptakartaon key liye havaai kiraya aur rahane key kharch key liye dhana jutaaya. isake alawa, johnn aff kii suvidha key saath aasaf. kenedi ney joseph pee seey hamein $200,000 kaa yogdan diyaa. kenedi junier. foundation jisamen 1960-61 shaikshanik varsh airlift key liye aavashyak poori raashi shamil thee, aur sanyukt raajya mein buniyaadi jeevan kharchon key saath chhatron kii sahaayata karna.
viraasat.
unaki mrityu key baad, kenya swaasthya aur awas mantralaya ney nairobi mein kenya chikitsa prashikshan kendra kaa naam unake sammaan aur smriti mein rakhane kii sifarish kii. haalaanki, bhraatri-virodhi adiwasi rajneeti "doo jaur" ney kenya key rashtriya vidhaayi nikaay koo swaasthya aur awas mantralaya dwara iss saraahaniya prastaav koo lagu karane key liye "dee jeur" prakriya koo apanaane seey roque diyaa. iss paripurna kenya rajneta aur unaki peedhi key kaee anya gair-kanuni kenya sanrakshkon kii smriti kaa vidhivat sammaan karane key iraade seey 1966 key iraade kaa paalan karane key liye vartamaan rashtriya sarkaar koo majboor karane key liye ack bahu-pakshiya pahal phir seey shuru kii gaee haye.
vartamaan mein, paschimi kenya key iboon gaanv mein ack parivarik smaarak dwara unakaa smaran kiya jaataa haye.

