
viven gunewarden

violet vvn goonewardne (,; 18 sitambar 1916-3 octuber 1996), jinhen aamtaur parr "vivi" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack srilankai upanivesh virodhi karyakarta aur pramukh rajneta theen, joe duniya kii pahali mahila mantriyon mein seey ack key roop mein kaary curr rahee theen. bhaaratiya swatantrata andolan aur srilanka key swatantrata andolan donon mein ack pramukh vyakti, gundevardane gutnirpeksh munch parr ack pramukh sadasya theen, jahan unhone kathit anyaay key khilaf ladaai ladee aur sanyukt raajya dwara praayojit madhya poorv kootneeti kii aalochana kii. gundevardane srilanka kii pahali aur aaj taka kii ekmatra mahila rashtriya naayak theen. apani mrityu taka, vaha vampanthiyon kii sabse jeevant hastiyon mein seey ack theen, aur srilanka key vampanthi andolan mein sabse pramukh mahila theen.
ack samriddh parivaar mein ack rajtantra samarthak roodhivaadi key roop mein paida hue, jabaki maadhyamik vidyalaya mein, gundon key khilaf kathit anyaay key khilaf ladane vaale samrajyavad virodhi surya-maal andolan mein shamil hoe gaye. 1934 kii maleria mahamari key dauran unhone swechha seey kaam kiya, usa samay unhone garibon key badey paimaane parr kuposhan koo dekhaa. unake pitaa dwara uchch shiksha praapt karane seey manaa kiye jaane key bavjood, unake maama, phillip aur robbert ganavardana ney unhein vishvavidyalaya mein jaane mein madad kii, jahan way aksar sakriyata mein shamil rahati theen. yaheen parr unaki mulakat apane pati leslie gunevardane seey hui, jinhone 1935 mein srilanka kii pahali raajneetik party, lankaa saam samaaj party kii sthaapana kii thee.
apane raajneetik jeevan key dauran, unhone lankaa samaaj party key uday mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii shuruat key saath, gundon ney ack jhoothe naam key tahat bhaarat bhagkar giraftari seey bachaa liya. vahaan, unhone khud koo bhaarat chhodo andolan mein visarjit curr diyaa, jisaki parinati 1947 mein britten seey bhaarat kii swatantrata mein hui. srilanka lautane parr, unhone 1948 mein britten seey srilanka kii swatantrata mein ack badee bhoomika nibhai. 1940 seey 1960 key dashak taka, srilanka samaj party srilanka kii mukhya vipakshi party thee aur 1960 key dashak mein, party ney sanyukt morche key gathbandhan kaa netritva kiya; unake chunaav key dauran pahale mahila pradhaan mantri koo laane key liye. goonevardane ney sansad key ack pramukh sadasya key roop mein aur 1949 seey apani mrityu taka aul selon sthaaniya sarkari karyakarta sangh key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya. isake madhyam seey, gundon ney banking, shiksha, udyog, media aur vyaapaar kshetron mein sangathanon kaa rashtriyakaran karke sealon kii poorv british coloney koo ack samajwadi ganarajya mein sudhaarne kaa prayaas kiya.
praarambhik jeevan aur raajneetik shuruat.
goonewarden kaa janm 18 sitambar 1916 koo columbo mein violet vivian goonetille key roop mein huaa thaa. vaha dow. key janm lene vaale paanch bachchon mein sabse badee theen. donn allenson gonetileke, ack samarthak rajshahi roodhivaadi joe sealon key nirantar british shasson mein vishvaas karate they, aur unaki patni emily angeline gunwardena. ack chikitsak key roop mein, unake pitaa koo aksar sealon key vibhinn hisson mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. uska naam usa francisi nurse key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa jisane usey dene mein madad kii thee. gundwardene ney apani praarambhik yuvavastha ack dooradraj key gaanv tisamaharama mein bitaai, jahan unake pitaa tainaat they.
gundwardene key naana, donn jacolis roopsinghe gunawardena, ack ameer bhoomi malik they jinhone aupaniveshik shasson key tahat gaanv key mukhiya key roop mein kaary kiya thaa. sthaaniya loga unhein "boralugoda ralahami" key roop mein jaanate they; yeh unake boralugoda gaanv key mukhiya yaa ralahami honey key kaaran aaya thaa. vaha 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein bauddh punrutthan mein ack netaa they aur 1915 key singhali-muslim dangon mein shamil honey key bahaane governor general, robert chalmers dwara kaid kiye gaye logon mein seey ack they. kshetriya rashtravadi netaaon koo khatm karane aur ashanti seey baahar nikalane seey sambhaavit swatantrata andolan koo dabaane key liye chalmers dwara kiye gaye ack prayaas key roop mein, ramahami koo maut kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. iss sajaa koo baad mein governor general dwara ack saarvajanik akrosh key baad nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, phir bhee ralahami kii british shasson kii asweekriti koo majboot kiya gayaa; jise viven parr pesh kiya gayaa thaa. gundevardane kii naani, siane korale kii gunasekhar hamine bhee apaar dhana aur jamindar kuleen varg seey aaee theen. hamine kaa usaki yuvavastha mein vivian parr ack badaa prabhaav thaa; usaki sthiti key bavjood, chikitsa peshevaron kii kamee key kaaran, hamine vyaktigat roop seey harr bachche key janm mein sahaayata karati thee, joe usane vitt poshit kiya thaa.
shiksha aur praarambhik sakriyata.
ack achchi shiksha taka pahunch koo saksham karane key liye, usake maataa-pitaa usey boarding school bhejane key liye sahmat hoe gaye. goonevardane kii shiksha columbo key ack niji balika vidyalaya, museus college mein hui thee. vahaan, vaha 1933 mein mukhya chhaatra chuni gaee thee. school mein apani sthiti key bavjood, vivian koo adhikaar kii avagya key apane krityon key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa. museus college mein adhyayan karate samay hii rajneeti mein unaki ruchi vikasit hui.
soorya-mull andolan aur 1934 maleria mahamari.
haid gerl key roop mein seva karate hue, vaha surya-maal andolan mein gaharaai seey shamil hoe gaee. yeh andolan yuddhaviram divas (11 navambar) parr khaskhas kii bikri seey praapt aaya kaa virodh thaa jiska upayog british poorv sainikon key laabh key liye kiya jaa rhaa thaa taaki selon key poorv sainikon koo nuksan pahunche. baad vaale mein seey ack, shree. allion parera ney usee dinn surya foolon kii pratidvandi bikri shuru kii thee. pratyek bikri kii aaya jaruratmand poorv sainikon kii madad key liye samarpit thee. jabaki surya phool kii bikri 1931 mein shuru hui thee, 1933 taka 11 navambar koo posta key bajaay isaki bikri dakshin columbo yuva leag kii pahal parr shuru kii gaee thee. andolan kaa naaraa thaa "gulami aur garibi key khilaf aur swatantrata aur samriddhi key liye".
1934 key smaran divas parr, gundavardhan ney apane school mein surya phool chhatron aur shikshakon koo betch diyaa. unhone kahaa kii yeh chhatron key saath ack poorna safalata thee, lekin purani peedhi key saath kewal ack aadhi safalata thee. iss zana-rashtravadi abhiyaan seey hii lankaa saam samaaj party (ell. aiss. aiss. pee.) kii sthaapana baad mein hui thee. vivien ney aage badhkar saathi chhatron koo blackboard key oopar aur 11.00 a parr apane upkaranon key dibbon koo rakhane key liye prerit kiya.aim. inhen giraane key liye, baad mein aupchaarik bandook kii salami key shore key saath.
1934 kii aapadaon key dauran surya-maal andolan ney badey paimaane parr swechha seey kaam kiya. sookhe key kaaran chawal kii kamee hui, anumaanit 30 laakh bushel; baadh, octuber seey; aur maleria mahamari, cumm seey cumm 125,000 mauton key saath logon koo prabhaavit karati haye, joe 1935 taka jaari rahee, garibon koo bhaari prabhaavit kiya. goonetileke key awas koo bimaaron key liye ack aspatal mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. vivien sahit swayamsevakon ney dekhaa kii garibon mein vyaapak kuposhan thaa, joe chawal kii kamee seey badh gayaa thaa, aur jisase bimari key prati pratirodh mein kamee aaee thee.
baad mein shiksha.
ack paramparaavaadi key roop mein, goonevardane key pitaa ney vivian kii nirantar shiksha kaa virodh kiya aur unakaa maanana thaa kii unaki shaadi kissy anya dhanshali vyakti seey kii jaani chaahiye. choonki vaha boarding school mein thee aur usake pitaa aksar yatra karate they, isaliye usake chaacha robbert aur chaachi carolin koo school seey vivian koo hataane kaa adhikaar diyaa gayaa thaa. robbert ney apane pitaa kii ichcha key khilaf, cambridge matrick pariksha key liye kakshaon mein bhaag lene key liye school chhodane mein usaki madad kii, jise vaha 16 saal kii umr mein utteern curr chuki thee. jabaki vaha abhee bhee museus college mein reh rahee thee, gunwarden koo gupt roop seey usake shikshak, marjori davidson dwara vishvavidyalaya kii chhatravritti pariksha mein baithane key liye padhaaya gayaa thaa. yahaan, unhone chhatravritti pariksha mein ack pradarshani key saath-saath vishvavidyalaya college, columbo mein angreji sammaan kaa adhyayan karane key liye ack chhatravritti jeeti. apani vishvavidyalaya sweekriti kii khoj karane parr, goonetileke ney vivian koo vahaan adhyayan karane seey incar curr diyaa. isake bavjood, usake chaachaon aur pitaa key doston ney usey padhane kii anumati dene key liye raaji kiya-baad mein usane apani padhaai poori kii, usey baadhit karane key usake prayason key madhyam seey.
vishvavidyalaya mahavidyalaya mein, gundevardane raani key raaste parr mahila chhatrawas mein savaar hue. choonki unake pitaa ney gundon koo naatak samaaj mein shamil honey kii anumati naheen dee, isaliye unhone vishvavidyalaya key vaad-vivaad club kii or rukh kiya. yahaan, unhein badey paimaane parr purush-adharit gatividhi mein vipaksh seey apane ling key liye bahut bhedbhaav kaa saamana karna padaa, lekin aage badheen. unake bahas saathi, horres parera ney ack ghatana koo yaad kiya jisamen yeh pradarshit kiya gayaa thaah
lankaa saam samaaj party mein pravesh.
lankaa samaaj party (ell. aiss. aiss. pee.) kii sthaapana 18 disambar 1935 koo desh key pahale raajneetik dall key roop mein kii gaee thee. yeh british shasson aur samaajvaad seey swatantrata key vyaapak uddeshyon key saath yuvaaon key ack samooh dwara banaaya gayaa thaa joe usa uddeshya key liye ack saath ekatra hue they. shuruat mein samooh kii sankhya chhah thee, joe mukhya roop seey una chhatron seey banaa thaa joe mukhya roop seey videsh kii shiksha seey laute they, joe carle marks aur lenin key vichaaron seey gaharaai seey prabhaavit they.
isake sansthapakon mein vvn key chaacha, phillip aur robert shamil they. party key sansthaapak sadasyon key itane karib honey key kaaran, gundewardene ney baithakon mein bhaag lena shuru curr diyaa. vaha apani chaachi carolin aur chaacha robbert key saath inn baithakon mein bhaag letee thee. viven bhee columbo mein party dwara aayojit spen key franco key khilaf faasivaad virodhi pradarshanon mein shamil hoe gaye. yeh aanshik roop seey usaki vidrohi prakriti thee jisane vivien koo 25 sent kaa sadasyata shulk dene aur ell. aiss. aiss. pee. mein shamil honey key liye prerit kiya.
rajneeti aur shiksha mein unakaa karyakal achaanak samaapt hoe gayaa jaba unake pitaa koo ack gumnam patra milaa jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii viven anya purushon kii upasthiti mein ack raajneetik raili mein gaee thee. kewal pahale varsh kii pariksha poori karane key baad, guruvardane koo usake shikshakon kii vinati key bavjood ghar laaya gayaa. kakshaon aur vyakhyanon mein bhaag lene mein asamarth, unake chaacha robbert ney unhein landan vishvavidyalaya mein ack baahari degree hassil karane mein madad kii, jise unhone kalaa mein ack samanya degree key roop mein liya. vaha apani chaachi carolin key saath gupt roop seey raajneetik railiyon mein bhaag letee rahee.
parivaar kaa paalan-poshan karna.
viven march 1937 mein spanish grihyuddh key virodh mein leslie goonewarden seey mille. goonewarden 1935 mein lankaa samaja party key sansthaapak they, aur isake mahasachiv aur netaa key roop mein kaary kiya. unakaa janm 31 octuber 1909 koo pandura, dakshin-paschimi sealon mein ack dhanee paddhativaadi gunewarden parivaar mein huaa thaa, joe sthaaniya aupaniveshik yug kii rajneeti mein sakriya thaa. gundavardhan parivaar narial sampatti key pramukh malik they. jaba vaha chhota thaa taba gundwardeni kii maan kii mrityu hoe gaee thee. vaha 'whitehall' kataana key prasiddh fernando parivaar seey theen, joe selon key sabse dhanee parivaaron mein seey ack they, jinake paas niji taur parr bahut badee matra mein bhoomi thee.
leslie aiss mein shikshit thee. thomas college, mount lavinia, jise baad mein ack velsh publish school mein bheja gayaa aur landan school off economics mein adhyayan kiya gayaa. ell. aiss. ee. mein, vaha vvn key chaachaon, robbert aur phillip seey achchi tarah seey parichit hoe gaye, jinake saath unhone ell. aiss. aiss. pee. kii sthaapana kii. leslie koo party kaa vichaarak maanaa jaataa thaa, vishesh roop seey 1935-36 avadhi mein. baad mein hector abhayavardhan ney unhein "ell. aiss. aiss. pee. kii chetna kaa sanrakshak" bataaya.
unaki baithakon key baad, leslie aksar didenia mein goonetilech key ghar aatee thee. phillip key ack dost key roop mein, unakaa hamesha swaagat kiya jaataa thaa aur goonetilech parivaar dwara unhein achchi tarah seey pasand kiya jaataa thaa. dow. donn allenson ney vishesh roop seey unaki prashansa kii, naa kewal isaliye kii way apaar dhana key parivaar seey aae they, balki unake ahankar kii kamee key kaaran. aksar vaha apane beton koo "leslie kii tarah honey" kaa nirdesh detaa thaa. 1930 kaa dashak ell. aiss. aiss. pee. key liye teji seey vistaar kaa samay thaa, jinhone ummidwar utaare they aur dusare raajya chunaavon mein badee safalata hassil kii thee. unhone 1 aprail 1937 koo galley faces green mein ack raili aayojit kii, jisamen 35,000 loga shamil hue. bracegirdal mamle mein safalata key baad, vivian koo ack ratribhoj mein aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen leslie ney usake liye apane pyaar kii ghoshana kii thee.
donon kaa irada shaadi karna thaa, lekin viven key pitaa iss rishte key khilaf they kyonki gundevardane ack isai they, alpasankhyak karwa jaati seey they aur nigrani mein ack krantikari they. usey ghar parr ack aabhaasi kaidi key roop mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur gundarai koo bandee pratyaksheekaran daayar karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa, kaanoon mein ack sahaara jisake madhyam seey ack vyakti usey riha karane key liye adalat mein gairkaanooni hirasat yaa karawas kii report curr sakata haye. jaba usey ack kaidi rakhaa gayaa thaa, taba bhee vaha ack sthaaniya pustak vikreta kii madad seey gupt roop seey lazely koo patra likhane mein saksham thee. kanuni ladaai key dauran, unakaa pratinidhitva vishesh roop seey unake vakeel, bhavishya key rashtrapati aur srilanka key pradhaan mantri jey. aar. jayawardene. dampati ney 30 juuna 1939 koo gulam dweep key hotal nippon mein shaadi kii thee.
bhaaratiya swatantrata.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key shuru honey key saath, lankaa saam samaaj party ney samarthan mein ack uchhaal kaa anubhav kiya, joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh koo "ack samrajyavadi yuddh" key roop mein varnit kartaa haye. iss samarthan key kaaran party kii punah sthaapana bhoomigat hoe gaee, joe british yuddh key prayaas kaa virodh karate hue apane mukhar yuddh-virodhi rukh key kaaran ack aavashyak kadam thaa. party key sadasya, jisamen dou raajya parishad sadasya, saath hii saath isake netritva mein anya sadasya-jisamen aine shamil hain.aim. parera, phillip gunwardena aur colvin aar. dee silva-koo giraftar curr jail bhej diyaa gayaa, lekin vivian giraftari seey butch gaee, jabaki uska pati, leslie, bhoomigat hoe gayaa.
bhaarat kii bolshevik-leninist party, selon aur barma.
1940 key baad key hisse taka, vvn apane pahale bachche key saath bahut adhik garbhavati thee. iss samay, leslie ell. aiss. aiss. pee. key pratibandh key baad chhip gaee thee. leslie cumm jaanch key saath apani sakriyata jaari rakhane key liye bhaarat bhaag gaee. halanki phillip gunwardena, aine.aim. parera, admond samarakkodi aur colvin aar. dee silva koo selon mein hirasat mein liya gayaa thaa, leslie bhaarat mein thee, selon mein usaki sampattiyon koo jabt curr liya gayaa thaa. vaha kalkatta mein buss gayaa aur sthaaniya trotskywadi sangathanon key saath network sthaapit kiya, jisamen uttar pradesh trotskywadi samooh key saath-saath bombe aur madrason mein samooh bhee shamil they. charcha key madhyam seey, bhaaratiya aur selonian trotskeevadiyon ney lazely key netritva mein bhaarat kii bolshevik-leninist party, selon aur barma (sankshipt key liye blippy) key gathan key liye ack praarambhik samiti kii sthaapana kii.
isake liye charcha disambar 1940 aur march 1941 mein candy mein bhoomigat baithakon key madhyam seey hui aur bhaarat key liye ack ekmatra trotskywadi party key liye munch taiyar kiya. 20 aprail 1941 koo ack bhoomigat sammelan aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen 42 pratinidhiyon ney bhaag liya thaa. iss sammelan mein, lankaa samaaj party ney ack nae samvidhaan aur ghoshanapatra kii kalpana kii, donon koo pratinidhiyon dwara sweekaar curr liya gayaa. 1940 aur 1941 mein hui baithakon mein anya hirasat mein liye gaye ell. aiss. aiss. pee. netaaon ney bhee bhaag liya, jinhen unake kaidi dwara sahaayata dee gaee thee; kaidi ney baad mein 7 aprail 1942 koo unhein jail seey bhaagne mein madad kii. bee. ell. pee. aaee. kaa gathan maee 1942 mein kiya gayaa thaa aur chauthe antarrashtriya dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. isake madhyam seey, abb saarvajanik blippy, goonewarden dwara saamane, aiss.see.see. anthanipillai, robert gunwardena, villium dee silva, aur vee. karalasingham ney maee 1941 mein shuru hui lagaatar hadtaal kii laharon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. yeye 1942 aur 1944 taka jaari raheen.
shuru mein, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, gundon key netritva vaalaa blippy apekshaakrit chhota rhaa-ack upmahadweep-vyaapi raajneetik krantikari dall kii uchch apekshaon key vipareet. jabaki blippy kaa puuraa naam, "bhaarat kii bolshevik-leninist party, selon aur barma", bataata haye kii yeh bhee barma kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa, yakinan vahaan koee party pratinidhitva naheen thaa. haalaanki, blippy koo baad mein safalata millie, "spark" launch karate hue, party key kalkatta key aadhar parr jaari kiya gayaa. raajneetik daman key kaaran, prakaashan koo bombe mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa aur iska naam badalkar "naee chingari" curr diyaa gayaa. unhone bhaaratiya shramikon aur anya tukadon key liye trotsky kaa khula patra prakaashit kiya. jabaki vvn ack bachche kii parvarish mein vyast thee, leslie party prakashanon mein ack pramukh yogadankarta thee, chhadm naam key tahat likh rahee thee, key. tilak. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key shesh samay key dauran, blippy kaee shaharon mein trade union aur chhaatr andolanon koo prabhaavit karane mein saksham thaa. tramway shramikon key saath-saath buckingham aur karnatak milon key shramikon key beach mahatvapurna sadasyata darj kii gaee thee.
bhaarat andolan chhoden aur party vibhajit hoe.
disambar 1941 mein, jiss samay taka, vivien kii sabse badee santan, kumundini sirf ack saal seey adhik umr kii thee, vivien sthaayi roop seey bhaarat chully gaee. unaki yatra abhee taka pratibandhit naheen thee kyonki iss samay, way aupaniveshik adhikaariyon kii vaanchhit soochi mein naheen theen. bhaarat jaate samay, unhone khud koo shrimati key roop mein prachhann kiya. ellen mendis, aur unake saath shree ellen mendis bhee they. trincomali seey, viveene, unaki betty aur sahayakon ney naav seey madhurai kii yatra kii, jahan way aiss seey mille. see. see. anthany pillai aur surakshit aashray mein leey jaaya gayaa.
bhaarat mein, viveene ney bhaarat chhodo andolan mein khud koo visarjit curr diyaa, joe bhaarat key british shasson koo samaapt karane kii maang key saath ack andolan thaa. vaha poore yuddh key varshon mein selon aur bhaarat donon mein aprabhaavit rahee. 1943 mein, vivien ney adhikaariyon seey jeane hoban koo bhee sharan dee jaba usey bagan shramikon key sanghon key ayojan key liye nirvaasan kii dhamki dee gaee thee. bhaarat chhodo andolan key baad, dakshin-asiai samajwadi netaaon key beach aashaa kii lahar daud gaee thee. lazely goonewarden, chhadm naam key key key tahat. tilak ney likhaa kii "yuva bolshevik-leninist party... abb vistaar key liye isake pahale vaastavik avsar kaa saamana karna parh rhaa haye... sthiti badal rahee haye aur isamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii bhaarat mein sabhi dalon aur raajneetik samoohon key liye blippy hii vaha haye joe iss parivartan mein sabse adhik laabh uthaane vaalaa haye."
haalaanki madad key saath, gundon kii raajneetik bhagidari kii dekhbhal key liye ack shishu key saath kaafee cumm hoe gayaa thaa. bhaarat mein rahate hue, unhone aur leslie ney ack gowani parivaar kii pehchaan kii. shree. aur shrimati. pinto. vivien ney khud koo hindi bhee sikhai.
praarambhik party vibhajan..
yuddh key dauran andolan mein vibhajan hoe gayaa thaa. aine. aim. parera aur phillip gunwardena ney blippy mein vilay kaa virodh kiya aur 'shramik' vipaksh kaa gathan kiya. yuddh key baad, unhone ack swatantra dall key roop mein ell. aiss. aiss. pee. kaa punarnirmaan kiya. nirvaasit blippy kendra seey baney dusare khand key sadasyon ney prabhaavi roop seey ack alag party, bolshevik samajmaja party (bee. aiss. pee.) koo banaae rakhaa. baad vaale samooh ney blippy key sealon khand key roop mein kaary kiya aur iska netritva colvin aar dee silva, leslie gonawarden aur admond samarakkodi ney kiya.
donon samoohon key beach sambandh aksar virodhi thaa. bee. aiss. pee. ney ell. aiss. aiss. pee. parr 'sangathanaatmak manavtavad' kaa aarop lagaaya. ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney bee. aiss. pee. parr antarmukhi doctor honey kaa aarop lagaaya. ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ack zana-adharit party kaa nirmaan karna chaahata thaa, jabaki bee. aiss. pee. ney ack cadder-adharit (krantikari) party key nirmaan parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. 25 octuber 1945 koo bee. aiss. pee. kii ack baithak mein donon samoohon key beach mutthiyon kii ladaai shuru hoe gaee.
srilanka koo lautein.
jaba dusare vishva yuddh kii samaapti key baad gundewardne srilanka laut aae, tou ell. aiss. aiss. pee. naam key tahat dou alag-alag samoohon key saath ell. aiss. aiss. pee. vibhajit hoe gayaa. ack kaa netritva aine ney kiya thaa. aim. parera aur phillip gunwardena aur doosara leslie aur colvin aar dwara. silva. viven ney donon guton mein seey baad vaale key saath pehchaan kii. yuddh key baad kii avadhi mein aaee hadtaal laharon key sheersh parr ell. aiss. aiss. pee. aur bee. aiss. pee. donon they. 1946 mein donon guton key beach ack sankshipt sulah huaa. 1947 key aam chunaav mein ell. aiss. aiss. pee. 10 seeton key saath mukhya vipakshi dall key roop mein ubhara. bsp ney 5 seeten hassil keen. unhein natessa ayyar kii selon bhaaratiya congress (see. aaee. see.-joe baad mein selon shramikon kii congress bunn gaee) kaa bhee samarthan praapt thaa, jisake sansad mein 6 sadasya they aur vibhinn swatantra sadasya they. haalaanki, sward bandarnaike aur unaki singhali mahaa sabhaa ney navgathit sanyukt rashtriya party (yuu. pee.) kaa samarthan kiya, joe iss prakaar dee. aiss. senanayake key tahat sarkaar banaane mein saksham thee.
gundwardene kii vaapsee ney unaki sthaapana kii aur duniya key pahale samajwadi mahila sangathan, sanyukt mahila morcha yaa 'ekataa kantha peramuna' key pramukh samarthakon mein seey ack bunn gaee. haalaanki, party apani avadharana key turant baad soviyat samarthit communist party key saath trotskeevadiyon key saath apani asahyog neeti key hisse key roop mein iska samarthan vaapas leey liya.
srilanka kii swatantrata.
yuddh key anta key baad, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. kaa pratibandh samaapt hoe gayaa, aur leslie swatantrata andolan parr aage kaam karane key liye sealon lautane mein saksham thee. srilanka samaja party key netritva mein srilanka kaa swatantrata andolan taba safal huaa jaba 4 farwari 1948 koo sealon koo sealon key prabhutva key roop mein swatantrata dee gaee. british rashtramandal key bheetar prabhutva kii sthiti agale 24 varshon key liye 22 maee 1972 taka barkarar rakhee gaee thee, jaba yeh ack ganarajya bunn gayaa aur iska naam badalkar srilanka kaa loktaantrik samajwadi ganarajya curr diyaa gayaa. sashastr balon kii kamaan british adhikaariyon aur shaahi nausena dwara jaari rakhee gaee aur dweep parr (trincomali aur katunayake mein) raaf key adde baney rahey. sarkaar bahut hudd taka british samarthak aur soviyat virodhi thee. naee sarkaar ney 1948 key sealon nagrikta adhiniyam aur 1949 key sansadiya chunaav sanshodhan adhiniyam kaa upayog karke bhaaratiya tamil vansh key bagan shramikon koo matadhikar seey vanchit karane key liye aage badhana shuru kiya. inn upaayon kaa uddeshya mukhya roop seey vampanthi matdaataon koo kamjor karna thaa.
chunavi rajneeti.
disambar 1949 mein, vivien columbo nagar parishad key havelock town ward kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye bolshevik samajmaja party key liye khadaa thaa. ell. aiss. aiss. pee. key mahatvapurna sankhyaatmak laabh key bavjood, vivian apane dusare bachche, suren key saath prachaar karane key liye nickle padee. yeh sankhyaatmak laabh pratyek dall dwara maidan mein utaare gaye ummidvaaron kii sankhya seey dikhaai dey rhaa thaa. jabaki ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney 28 maidan mein utaare, bee. aiss. pee. ney kewal 10 maidan mein utaare. prachaar key dauran, unake pitaa bahut beemar hoe gaye they. apane yuva potey kii sahaayata seey, vivian apane pitaa key saath baadhaon koo todane mein saksham thee. isake bavjood, vaha iss baat parr adaa rhaa kii usey viraasat seey bedkhal curr diyaa jaae. chunaav kii raat koo unake pitaa kaa nidhan hoe gayaa, unake antim prashn "kyaa vivi jeet gayaa haye" thaa, jiska ack rishtedaar ney jawab diyaa thaa "haan".
columbo nagar parishad.
gunevardane 1950 seey julaai 1954 taka aur phir 30 janwari 1960 seey disambar 1969 taka columbo nagar parishad kii sadasya raheen. jabaki ack paarshad key roop mein, vaha apana samay garibon key jeevan kii behtari key liye samarpit karati theen. gundawardne ney swachchata mein sudhaar, prakaash vyavastha aur jhoompadi vaale shaharon mein raaston koo chauda karane kaa kaary kiya. ekal maataon key liye silai kakshaon key sangathan mein unaki mahatvapurna bhoomika thee. ack paarshad key roop mein, unhone mritakon key adhikaaron key liye ladaai ladee-vishesh roop seey dafan suvidhaon key mamle mein, saath hii saath jhuggi-jhopadi shaharon mein baal mrityu darr key uchch star key saath mudda uthaaya. 
ack nagar paarshad key roop mein, vaha harr dinn runsinghe premdasa koo ack lift detee thee. way 1989 mein srilanka key adhyaksh baney, ack jhuggi basti kshetra seey aae aur pratidvandi sanyukt rashtriya party mein shamil hoe gaye.
aul selon sthaaniya sarkari karmchari sangh key adhyaksh.
vivien key columbo nagar parishad key baahar bhee karyalaya they, jisase vaha naa kewal apane nirvaachan kshetra mein seva curr sakati thee. unhein aul selon sthaaniya sarkari karmchari sangh kii adhyaksh bhee niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. jabaki aine key tahat.aim. lekin, sangh shramikon key liye rojgar kii sthaayitva key saath-saath pension aur sevaanivritti kaa adhikaar surakshit karane mein saksham thaa. vivien key tahat, sangh ney vidhvaaon aur anathon kii pension jeeti. jabaki ell. aiss. aiss. pee. mukhya vipakshi dall thaa, party dwara ack vidheyak pesh kiya gayaa thaa jisane raajya key kaaryakartaon key masik vetan mein rupaye kii vriddhi kii thee. 7.5, halanki nagar parishad key kaaryakartaon koo isase baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa. viven ney ise vitt mantri jey. aar. jayawardene, jinhone vidheyak mein nagarpalika key shramikon koo shamil karane key liye aage badhe. 1964 mein, jaba srilanka swatantrata party vampanthi gathbandhan satta mein thaa, gundarao ney raajya key karmchaariyon aur see. aim. see. shramikon key liye samaan darje kii maang kii. gunewardne apani mrityu taka aul selon sthaaniya sarkari karmchari sangh kii adhyaksh raheen.
punarmilan.
ell. aiss. aiss. pee. aur bee. aiss. pee. key beach vibhajan ney andolan koo kamjor curr diyaa thaa, aur vishesh roop seey bee. aiss. pee. joe spasht roop seey donon dalon mein seey chhota thaa. punarmilan kii prakriya shuru kii gaee thee, aur 1950 mein bee. aiss. pee. kaa vilay ell. aiss. aiss. pee. mein hoe gayaa. punarmilan key madhyam seey, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. chauthe antarrashtriya kaa sealonies khand bunn gayaa. haalaanki, phillip gunwardena ney bee. aiss. pee. key saath sulah kaa virodh kiya. iss prakaar unhone ell. aiss. aiss. pee. chhod diyaa aur ack naee party, viplavkari lankaa summ samaaj party (vee. ell. aiss. aiss. pee.) kaa gathan kiya.
1952 key aam chunaav mein, koriyai yuddh dwara praakritik rubber kii keemat mein vriddhi key kaaran chunavi pradarshan koo saapeksh samriddhi seey nuksan pahuncha thaa. iss chunaav key dauran, vivien ney ell. aiss. aiss. pee. key liye kelania seat seey chunaav ladaa. vivien kii bauddh prishthabhoomi ney unhein seat parr chunaav ladate hue ack laabh diyaa, halanki iss seat parr aiss. ell. aff. pee. key vimla vijevardane ney chunaav ladaa thaa, jinhen kelania mandir key bauddh bhikshuon kaa samarthan milaa thaa. prachaar key dauran, vvn kii teesari santan, primila kaa janm huaa, jisase vaha prachaar curr sakati thee. jey ney seat jeeti thee. aar. jayawardene, usa varsh kii raajneetik pravritti key baad. isake alawa, gair-sarkari sarkaar dwara bhaaratiya tamil estate shramikon key matadhikar seey vanchit honey seey isake mukhya thikaanon mein seey ack seey vanchit hoe gayaa. isake alawa, isane apane sahayogi, see. aaee. see. key chunavi bhaagya koo nuksan pahunchaaya, joe binaa pratinidhitva key chalaa gayaa.
hadtaal aur usake baad.
1953 mein, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney hadtaal key ayojan mein agrani bhoomika nibhai. hadtaal kaa tatkaal kaaran gair-sarkari sarkaar dwara chawal kii keemat mein 25 pratishat seey 70 pratishat kii vriddhi thee. usa samay, jey.aar. jayawardene desh key vitt mantri they. 1952 key chunaavon mein chawal kii keemat koo 25 pratishat parr banaae rakhna ack chunavi vaadaa thaa joe yuu. pee. dwara diyaa gayaa thaa aur jaba naee daron koo janata key liye pesh kiya gayaa, tou hangama huaa. schooly bachchon koo diye jaane vaale bhojan key nilamban aur rail tikat key kiraaye aur daak shulk mein vriddhi seey yeh gussa aur badh gayaa.
1953 seey pahale, samanya hadtaal kii 'hadtaal' kii avadharana, sealon mein apekshaakrit agyaat thee. apane nirvaasan key madhyam seey, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. netaaon ney bhaarat chhodo andolan key dauran hadtaalon key apaar prabhaav koo dekhaa thaa, yeh sunishchit karate hue kii yeh gyaan unake saath laaya gayaa thaa. communist party aur vee. ell. aiss. pee. ney hadtaal kaa samarthan kiya aur aiss. ell. aff. pee. aur see. aaee. see. ney hadtaal kii maang key liye sahaanubhooti vyakt kii, lekin hadtaal key ahwan kaa sakriya roop seey samarthan naheen kiya. selon vyaparik sangh ney hadtaal kii maangon kaa samarthan kiya, lekin isamen bhaag naheen liya. balki isane apane sadasyon koo virodh karane key liye kaale haath kii patti pahankar kaam parr jaane key liye protsaahit kiya.
hadtaal ney desh koo poori tarah seey thapp curr diyaa. ack kranti key nirmaan seey darte hue, sarkari mantrimandal ney ack shaahi nausena yuddhapot parr sharan lii. hadtaalkaariyon kii kaarravaai key saath badey paimaane parr uthal-puthal key kaaran dudley senanayake ney pradhaanmantri pada seey istifa dey diyaa. hadtaal ney ell. aiss. aiss. pee. koo yeh vichaar karane key liye protsaahit kiya kii party raajya kii satta parr kabja karane mein saksham hoe sakati haye. hadtaal key dauran, vivien ney jore dekar kahaa kii ack kaalaa jhanda, hadtaal kaa sanket, columbo town holl kii chhat parr faharaaya jaae.
1956 mein ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney sward bandarnaike key "mahajan eksath peramuna" (logon kaa sanyukt morcha) key saath koee pratispardha samjhauta naheen kiya, jise unhone phillip ganavardana aur vee. ell. aiss. aiss. pee. key saath banaaya thaa. usa varsh hue chunaavon mein aim. ee. pee. ney bhaari jeet hassil kii. ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ack baar phir mukhya vipakshi dall bunn gayaa, aur aine. aim. parera vipaksh key netaa bunn gaye. isake madhyam seey, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney naee sarkaar dwara shuru kiye gaye sudhaaron kaa samarthan kiya, lekin 'kewal sinhala' neeti kaa purjor virodh kiya. viven 1956 aur 1960 key beach columbo uttari chunavi jile mein sansad kii sadasya key roop mein chuni gaee theen, jahan unhone 58.09% vote jeetaa thaa. julaai 1959 mein, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. aur communist party donon ney sarkaar key liye apana samarthan vaapas leey liya, kyonki aiss. ell. aff. pee. key bheetar aantarik-party jhagadon key parinamswarup dakshinpanthi key liye ack asthaayi jeet hui thee aur phillip ganavardana jaise vampanthi mantriyon koo nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
march 1960 mein, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney 'ack summ samaaj sarkaar key liye aage badhein' key naare parr aam chunaav ladaa. phillip ganavardana key ell. aiss. aiss. pee., communists aur mahajan eksath peramuna (ack naee party, 1956 kaa morcha naheen) dwara jeete gaye vote unhein sansad mein sabse badaa gutt banaane key liye paryaapt they. halanki, alag seey chunaav ladane key kaaran, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. aur aim. ee. pee. ney kewal 10 seeten jeetin, see. pee. ney kewal 3 seeten jeeti. julaai mein phir seey chunaav hue aur ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney srilanka friedam party (aiss. ell. aff. pee.) key saath koee mukabala naheen kiya. chunaav mein unaki safalata key bavjood, chautha antarrashtriya ell. aiss. aiss. pee. kii chunavi ranneeti kii atyadhik aalochana kartaa thaa, aur ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney agale varsh antarrashtriya vishva congress mein bhaag naheen lene kaa faisala kiya.
1962 mein, senaa aur pulis key adhikaariyon ney sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane aur satta mein anadhikaar koo laane key uddeshya seey ack takhtapalat kaa prayaas kiya. iss sajish koo whiffle curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur aiss. ell. aff. pee. neeti key sandarbh mein baain or chhipa huaa thaa. petroleum companiyon kii sthaaniya shaakhaon kaa rashtriyakaran kiya gayaa, jisase tail bahu-rashtriyon dwara desh kaa bahishkaar kiya gayaa; kansas tail utpaadak sahakaari aur roman sarkaar kii madad seey bahishkaar koo toda diyaa gayaa.
ack samanantar prakriya sealonies vampanthi key beach aatmavishvaas aur ekataa koo badhaane kii thee. sansad mein way vipaksh mein they. maee 1963 key dinn teen mukhya vaam dalon (ell. aiss. aiss. pee., see. pee. aur aim. ee. pee.) ney ack vishal sanyukt raili kaa ayojan kiya. isake baad 1953 key hadtaal kii dasavin varshgaanth 12 agast koo sanyukt morcha kaa shubharambh kiya gayaa. agrim morche ney aavashyak vastuon kii kimaton koo cumm karane jaise muddon parr andolan shuru kiye, jisase yeh aiss. ell. aff. pee. key shasson key liye tatkaal khatare kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. aiss. ell. aff. pee. ney vaam dalon koo mantri pada kii peshkash karna shuru curr diyaa aur ulf kii ekataa koo todane key liye gahanata seey kaam kiya.
1964 mein, vivian borella chunavi jile key liye saansad key roop mein chune gaye they. chunavi daud key dauran, vaha shrimati key khilaf daudin. kamala dey silva, doubleu kii vidhwa. dee. silva. sanyukt vaam morche key hisse key roop mein apani jeet key baad, 20 janwari 1964 koo selon dainik samachar dwara vvn koo "kewal gulf aur dha unn" key roop mein uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa. apane riyayat bhaashan mein, kamala ney vvn key baare mein likhaah
lankaa saam samaaj party kaa vikas.
1940 key dashak key anta seey 1960 key dashak taka, lankaa saam samaaj party ney srilanka mein vipakshi dall key roop mein kaary kiya, jabaki chauthe antarrashtriya key srilankai wing key roop mein maanyata praapt thee, ack sangathan jisaki visheshta trotskiwad aur stallinwad virodhi thee. isake madhyam seey, party ney gundon key netritva mein banking, shiksha, udyog, media aur vyaapaar kshetron mein sangathanon kaa rashtriyakaran karke sealon kii poorv british coloney koo ack samajwadi ganarajya mein sudhaarne kaa prayaas kiya. 1959 mein, viraasat key madhyam seey srilanka mein sabse badey bhoomi maalikon mein seey ack honey key bavjood, vivian aur leslie ney ameer sthaapit sansadon key virodh key bavjood desh mein viraasat curr koo phir seey lagu karane key liye ladaai ladee. unaki party ney una gharon kii sankhya parr bhee ack seema lagu kii joe kissy key paas hoe sakate hain. isake kaaran way kiraaedaaron koo kaee sampattiyan dey rahey they, jabaki sirimavo bandarnaike ney sampattiyon koo anya rishtedaron koo hastaantarit curr diyaa thaa.
apani badhati lokpriyata key saath, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. badhane kii koshish curr rhaa thaa. 1964 mein, party ney ack sammelan aayojit kiya jisamen adhikansh pratinidhiyon ney srilanka friedam party (aiss. ell. aff. pee.) key vargeekaran koo naamit kiya, joe ack chhoti poonjipati party thee, aur isake saath gathbandhan kii sambhaavanaon koo chhod diyaa. admond samarakkodi aur baalaa tampo key netritva mein ack samooh, krantikari lankaa saam samaaj party banaane key liye gundevardane kii party seey alag hoe gayaa. baad mein 1964 mein, leslie aur colvin dee silva koo chhodkar, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. ney sirimavo bandranaik key saath gathbandhan kaa netritva kiya, jisase vaha aadhunik vishva itihas mein pahali mahila pradhaan mantri bunn gaeen. iss pramukh parivartan key kaaran ell. aiss. aiss. pee. koo chauthe antarrashtriya seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa, jisamen krantikari lankaa saam samaaj party ney apani jagah lii. chunaav key baad, colvin aar key saath leslie. dee silva ney cabinet karyalaya sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa. halanki, viven kaa maanana thaa kii grih mamalon key sachiv key roop mein unakaa sabse adhik prabhaav hoe sakata haye, isaliye unhone bhoomika nibhai.
kaee sadasyon key palayan key kaaran 1965 mein gathbandhan sarkaar gir gaee. haalaanki, usa varsh hue aam chunaav mein ell. aiss. aiss. pee. dwara jeete gaye maton kii sankhya mein vriddhi hui. chunaav key baad, party key samarthakon koo yuu. pee. key netritva vaale nae saat-party gathbandhan dwara samanvit shikaar kii avadhi kaa saamana karna padaa. 1968 mein, gundewardne ney ack sanyukt morche mein aiss. ell. aff. pee. aur srilanka (see. pee. aiss. ell.) kii communist party mein shamil honey key liye ell. aiss. aiss. pee. kaa ayojan kiya. usa varsh kii sanyukt maee divas raili koo srilanka mein honey vaali abb taka kii sabse badee raili kahaa gayaa thaa.
sirimavo bandarnaike.
rajneeti mein unaki bhoomika key liye, gundevardane koo srilanka mein agrani vampanthi mahila rajneta key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. vaha duniya kii pahali mahila raajya pramukh sirimavo bandarnaike key saath achchi dost bunn gaeen aur unake saath kaee pratinidhimandalon mein bhaag lene key liye aage badheen. vvn aur sirimavo ney 1975 mein mexico shahar mein antarrashtriya mahila varsh parr vishva sammelan mein bhaag liya, jahan sanyukt raajya america key raajya vibhaag ney vvn koo "rashtriya star parr sheersh sthaan" key liye jaanaa aur kahaa gayaa kii "mexico shahar mein kuchh uttejak kahane key liye nirbhar thaa.
videshi sambandh.
gutnirpeksh munch parr gundewardene ack pramukh sadasya they. raajneetik pratinidhimandalon key hisse key roop mein, vaha jawaharlal nehru, banaam seey mileen aur unhein achchi tarah seey jaanati theen. key. krishna menan, josip broze tito, aur gamaal abdel nasser key saath dost they. uttar koria mein, kima ill-sung ney usase milane parr jore diyaa, jisase vaha ussr seey apani udaan seey gayab hoe gaee. gunewarden arab-israel sangharsh mein philistiniyon key kattar samarthak baney rahey aur sanyukt raajya dwara praayojit madhya poorv kootneeti key aalochak they. unhone philistine key saath ekjutata key liye samiti key saath-saath arab-sealon ekjutata samooh kaa netritva kiya.
baad mein rajneeti aur sarkaar (1970-1977).
1970 taka, leslie aur viven kaa maanana thaa kii way aiss. ell. aff. pee. gathbandhan key madhyam seey unake vichaaron koo sabse achchha lagu curr sakate hain aur aiss. ell. aff. pee. key netritva vaali sanyukt morcha sarkaar mein shamil hoe gaye. usa varsh, ell. aiss. aiss. pee. seey banaa sanyukt morcha, bhuskhalan mein satta mein aaya. ell. aiss. aiss. pee. key pratinidhiyon key sadan mein 18 aim. pee. aiss. they. gundardane swaasthya key kanishth mantri baney. julaai taka, unhone british dwara taiyar kiye gaye samvidhaan koo badalane key liye ack samvaidhaanik sabhaa bulaane key liye kaam kiya thaa, jiska masauda seloniyon dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. sarkari mantralayon mein sthaayi sachivon key liye unake vibhaag mein visheshagyata kii aavashyakta vaali neetiyaan shuru kii gaeen. udaaharan key liye, awas mantralaya mein seva karane vaalon koo prashikshit engineer honah padata thaa, aur swaasthya mantralaya mein seva karane vaale, chikitsa vyavasaayi. sabhi sarkari karmchaariyon koo shramik parishadon mein shamil honey kii anumati dee gaee thee aur sthaaniya star parr, sarkari prashaasan parr badee sankhya mein aabaadi seey input kii anumati dene key liye lock samitiyon kii sthaapana kii gaee thee; yeh ell. aiss. aiss. pee. prabandhan sanrachana seey laaya gayaa thaa. inn parivartanon kaa uddeshya desh key sansthanon seey british upanivesh aur videshi prabhaav key tatvon koo hataana thaa.
nirantar sakriyata (1977-1994).
gundaravardhan key mukhya raajneetik kshetra chhodane key baad, vaha srilanka key nariwadi andolan aur rajneeti kaa ack sakriya hissa bunny raheen. vaha aksar antarrashtriya mahila divas parr pradarshanon kaa netritva karati theen. isake baad pulis kii barbarta parr sarvocch nyayalaya kaa aitihaasik faisala aaya. isake saath hii, unhone kaee sanghon kii adhyakshata bhee kii aur philistine key saath ekjutata key liye samiti kii netaa bunny raheen.
mrityu aur viraasat.
viven kaa nidhan 3 octuber koo 1996 mein columbo mein unake 80vein janmadin samaroh key turant baad dill kaa daura padane key baad huaa, jisamen cuba key ack doot key saath kaee poorv aur vartamaan srilanka key rashtrapatiyon aur pradhaanmantriyon key mehmaanon koo dekhaa gayaa. baain or sabhi ney unakaa shoke vyakt kiya aur ack saptah key shoke kii ghoshana kii gaee. gundon kaa antim sanskar borella kanatte mein huaa, aur motor key madhyam seey ack kilometres lamba antim sanskar julus thaa, jisamen hajaaron darshak shamil hue. yeh prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa kii unake avasheshon koo swatantrata chauk mein pradarshit kiya jaae, halanki yeh vichaar sambhav naheen thaa, kyonki vivian ney ichcha kii thee kii unaki mrityu key 36 ghanton key bheetar unake avasheshon kaa antim sanskar kiya jaae. avasheshon koo columbo town holl mein pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur rashtrapati chandrika kumaratunga dwara viven gunewardne koo sammaan diyaa gayaa thaa.
vivien koo unaki mrityu key baad srilanka kii pahali mahila rashtriya naayak key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa aur kaee daak tikaton parr chitrit kiya gayaa thaa; vaha aur anya rashtriya nayakon koo pratyek varsh swatantrata divas key rashtriya avkash parr manaaya jaataa haye. vaha ekmatra mahila rashtriya naayak bunny hui hain. narivad aur srilanka key swatantrata andolan mein unake yogdan key liye unhein aaj bhee sarvakaalik mahantam srilankai mahilaaon mein seey ack key roop mein uddhrit kiya jaataa haye.
sauvin varshgaanth samaroh.
vvn koo 2016 mein unake janm kii sauvin varshgaanth parr vyaapak roop seey manaaya gayaa thaa. samaroh mein rashtrapati mahinda rajpux ney bhaag liya.