
panth chhavi

dharm key abhyaas mein, ack panth chhavi ack maanav nirmit vastu haye jise devta, aatma yaa daanav key liye poojata yaa pooja jaataa haye jise yeh moort roop detaa haye yaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. misra, grees aur rome key pracheen dharmon aur aadhunik hindu dharm sahit kaee paramparaon mein, ack mandir mein panth kii chhaviyon koo dhone, kapade pahanane aur unake liye bhojan chhodane kii dainik dincharya seey gujarna parh sakata haye. vishesh dawat key dinon mein mandir key baahar julus aksar ack visheshta hoti haye. dhaarmik chhaviyaan kissy dhaarmik uddeshya, vishay yaa sambandh key saath banaai gaee sabhi prakaar kii chhaviyon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala koo shamil karati hain. kaee sandarbhon mein "panth chhavi" kaa vishesh roop seey arth haye mandir mein sabse mahatvapurna chhavi, jise ack aantarik sthaan mein rakhaa jaataa haye, joe mandir koo sajaane vaali kaee anya chhaviyon key vipareet hoe sakati haye.
moorti shabd ack chhavi yaa bhagwan kaa pratinidhitva haye jiska upayog pooja key uddeshya key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, jabaki murtipuja ack "moorti" kii pooja haye jaise kii vaha bhagwan they.
poorv aur misra key paas pracheen.
pracheen nikat poorv mein chhaviyon kaa upayog aamtaur parr pracheen misra key dharm key samaan prateet hotaa haye, jisake baare mein humm sabse achchi jaankaari rakhate hain. mandiron mein ack panth chhavi thee, aur badee sankhya mein anya chhaviyaan theen. pracheen hibru dharm ack apavaad thaa yaa bunn gayaa, ekeshwarwad key vikas key bavjood panth chhaviyon koo aswikar karate hue; iss aur attenism key beach sambandh joe akhenaten ney misra parr thopane kii koshish kii, usa parr bahut charcha kii gaee haye. amarna kii kalaa mein, atten koo kewal soorya-mishran key roop mein darshaaya jaataa haye, jisamen seey nikalane vaali kiranen hoti hain, joe kabhi-kabhi haathon mein samaapt hoti hain.
pracheen misra mein panth chhaviyaan ack aam upasthiti theen, aur abhee bhee aadhunik samay key kemetwad mein hain. yeh shabd aksar apekshaakrit chhoti chhaviyon taka seemit rahata haye, aamtaur parr soney mein, joe usa bhagwan koo samarpit misra key mandiron key aantarik abhayaranya mein "naos" mein rahate they (sivaay isake kii jaba aupchaarik roop seey baahar jaane parr, apane jeevansathi seey milane key liye kahein). inn chhaviyon mein aamtaur parr bhagwan koo unaki pavitra bark yaa naav mein dikhaaya jaataa haye; unamen seey koee bhee jeevit naheen haye. kewal pujaariyon koo hii bheetari abhayaranya mein jaane kii anumati thee.
chhoti chhaviyon kii ack badee shrinkhala bhee thee, jinamen seey kaee aam logon key gharon mein rakhee gaee theen. mandiron key baahari hisson key aspas bahut badee patthar kii chhaviyaan aamtaur parr firaun key roop mein yaa ack devta key roop mein pratinidhitva karati theen, aur kaee anya chhaviyon ney devtaon koo vartamaan shaahi parivaar kii visheshataaen deen.
shaastriya grees aur rome.
pracheen yunani mandiron aur roman mandiron mein aam taur parr cell mein ack panth kii chhavi hoti thee. yunani mandiron mein cell kendra mein thaa, jabaki yeh roman mandiron key peechhe sthit thaa. tahakhaane taka pahunch alag-alag thee, lekin pujaariyon key alawa, cumm seey cumm kuchh samanya upaasak kuchh samay tahakhaane taka pahunch sakate they, halanki devta koo balidan aam taur parr mandir parisar (greek mein teminos) key baahar kii vediyon parr kiya jaataa thaa. kuchh panth chhaviyaan dekhane mein aasaan theen, aur pramukh paryatak aakarshan they. chhavi aam taur parr devta kii moorti kaa roop letee thee, aamtaur parr motey taur parr jeevan-aakar kii, lekin kuchh mamalon mein kaee baar jeevan-aakar mein, sangamarmar yaa kansya mein, yaa vishesh roop seey pratishthit roop mein ack chrysalephantine moorti mein hathidant kii pattikaon kaa upayog karate hue shareer key drishya hisson key liye aur kapade key liye soney key liye, ack lakadi key dhaanche key aspas. adhikansh panth kii moortiyaan manavroopi hoti hain aur maanav aakar letee hain. sabse prasiddh yunani panth kii chhaviyaan iss prakaar kii theen, jinamen olympia mein zius kii moorti aur athens mein parthenan mein fidias kii ethena parthenos shamil theen, donon vishal moortiyaan abb poori tarah seey khou gaee theen. delphi seey dou chrysalephantine moortiyon key tukade nikaale gaye hain.
acrolith ack aur mishrit roop thaa, iss baar lakadi key shareer key saath ack laagat-bachat. ack zonon ack adim aur prateekaatmak lakadi kii chhavi thee, joe shayed hindu ling key saath tulaniya thee; inmein seey kaee koo unaki prachinta key liye banaae rakhaa gayaa thaa aur sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. roman sangamarmar kii pratiyon seey prasiddh kaee yunani moortiyaan mool roop seey mandir kii panth chhaviyaan theen, jinhen kuchh mamalon mein, jaise kii apolo barberini, vishvasaniya roop seey pahachaana jaa sakata haye. bahut cumm vaastavik mool jeevit rahate hain, udaaharan key liye kansya pyreus ethena (helmate sahit 2.35 meater oonchaa).
yunani aur roman pauranik kathaaon mein, ack "paladium" mahaan prachinta kii ack chhavi thee jiss parr ack shahar kii suraksha nirbhar karati thee, vishesh roop seey lakadi kii joe odicius aur diomeds ney troi key gadh seey churai thee aur jise baad mein annes dwara rome leey jaaya gayaa thaa. (roman kahani virgil kii "annaid" aur anya kritiyon mein sambandhit thee.)
abrahamik dharm.
abrahamik dharmon key kuchh sadasya panth kii chhaviyon koo moortiyon key roop mein aur unaki pooja yaa pooja koo murtipuja key roop mein pahachaante hain; khokhale roopon kii pooja, halanki anya naheen karate hain. yeh mamla lambe samay seey bahut vivadaspad rhaa haye, joe kaafee hudd taka pooja yaa pooja kii degree parr nirbhar kartaa haye, joe virodhiyon dwara unhein diye jaane key baare mein socha jaataa haye. moorti" shabd 13veen shatabdi mein purani french seey madhya angreji mein pravesh kiya, jise yunani seey church key lattin mein anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa ("roop", baad mein upayog mein "mansik chhavi, bhoot, pret" taka vistaarit) ("roop") kaa ack chhota saa. plato aur platonists ney poorna aparivartaniya "roopon" koo darshaane key liye yunani shabd kaa upayog kiya.
nishchit roop seey, koee bhee iss tarah key vyakti koo ack divya mool key roop mein maan sakata haye.
isaya kii pustak ney panth chhaviyon kii pooja mein nihit virodhabhas koo utkrisht abhivyakti deeh
yahudi dharm.
yahudi dharm murtipuja koo dridhata seey manaa kartaa haye, aur ise sabse gambhir paapon mein seey ack maanata haye.
yahudi dharm ack prakaar kaa haye, jiska arth haye bhagwan kaa koee bhee bhautik chitran joe bhee asweekrit haye; yeh isi tarah panth chhaviyon parr lagu hotaa haye. yahudi dharm key bheetar moortiyon kaa nishedh itna gambhir haye kii kaee shartein maujood hain joe kewal unake upayog seey parey hainh yahudi kissy moorti koo prasaad key roop mein kuchh bhee naheen khaa sakate hain, una sthaanon parr khule taur parr naheen jaa sakate hain jahaan moortiyaan maujood hain, aur murtipoojakon key saath kuchh nishchit samay seema key bheetar baatchit naheen curr sakate hain.
jaise-jaise samay aage badhaa aur dhaarmik paramparaaen joe yahoodiyon key saamane vividh theen, jinhen "murtipuja" maanaa jaataa thaa, kuchh bahas kaa vishay thaa. mishna aur talmud mein, murtipuja koo vishisht moorti upasakon donon key karyon key madhyam seey ack utkeern chhavi kii pooja key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, aur paaramparik roop seey jerusalam mein mandir mein yahudi bhagwan kii pooja key liye aarakshit karyon key madhyam seey, jaise kii sajda karna, jaanvaron kaa balidan karna, dhoop chadhaana, yaa vediyon parr pashuon kaa rakt chhidakana. kissy moorti koo choomana, galey lagaana yaa "sammaan" karna, jabaki ise "prati vyakti" naheen maanaa jaataa thaa, taba bhee varjit thaa.
isai dharm.
isai chhaviyaan joe poojaniya hain, unhein prateek kahaa jaataa haye. joe isai moortiyon kii pooja karate hain, way "pooja" aur "pooja" key beach ack jordar antar karate hain. catholic aur purvi roodhivaadi isai santon kii chhaviyon kii pooja key liye ack apavaad banaate hain-way iss tarah kii pooja koo pooja yaa pooja seey alag karate hain.
isai dharm mein poojaniya chhaviyon kii shuruat sadiyon seey atyadhik vivadaspad thee, aur purvi roodhivaadita mein vivaad taba taka banaa rhaa jaba taka kii yeh 8veen aur 9veen shatabdi key byzantine iconclasm mein phir seey prakat naheen hoe gayaa. dhaarmik smaarak murtikala roodhivaadita key liye videshi bunny rahee. paschim mein, murtipuja key pratirodh ney sadiyon taka murtikala kii chhaviyon kii shuruat mein deree kii, jaba taka kii charlemen key samay taka, jinake palatine chappel mein ack jeevan-aakar key croose koo rakhna, aachen shayed ack nirnaayak kshan thaa, jisase churchon parr smaarkeeya rahaton aur baad mein badee moortiyon kaa vyaapak upayog huaa.
nikeya kii doosari parishad key jawab mein charlemen kii kamaan parr rachit aathvin shatabdi kaa ack kaam, chhaviyon kii pooja parr catholic sthiti koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye, jisase unhein purvi roodhivaadita kii tulanaa mein samaan lekin thodaa cumm mahatvapurna sthaan milata haye.
16veen shatabdi key sudhaar ney chhaviyon key vinash key kaaran utpann kiya, vishesh roop seey ingland, scotland, ireland, germany, switzerland, nichale deshon (dha) aur france mein. tri-ayami chhaviyon kaa vinash aam taur parr lagbhag-kull thaa, vishesh roop seey kunwari mairi aur santon kii chhaviyaan, aur pratima-bhang karane vaale ("chhavi-todane vaale") bhee rangeen kaanch kii khidakiyon aur anya chhaviyon mein pavitra aakritiyon key pratinidhitva koo todate they. angreji grihyuddh key dauran moortiyon kaa aur vinash, puritance key liye abhishaap, huaa. poore uttari europe mein cumm charam parivartan hue jisamen poorv mein catholic church protestant bunn gaye. inmein, (masih key shareer) koo croose seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa aur ack nange croose koo chhod diyaa gayaa thaa aur divaaron koo dhaarmik chhaviyon seey safed curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
europe key catholic kshetron, vishesh roop seey rome aur entwerp jaise kalaatmak kendron ney aadaraniya chhaviyon key prati-parivartan navikaran key saath sudhaar pratima kaa jawab diyaa, halanki kuchh adhik kaalpanik madhyayugeen pratimaon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. vyavhaar mein aur kalpana mein kunwari mairi kii pooja panpi, aur rome jaise nae mandiron koo iss pravritti key hisse key roop mein madhyayugeen chamatkaarik prateekon key liye banaaya gayaa thaa.
catholic church key catachism" key anusaarah
islam.
makka key arabi shahar mein poorv-islami yug key anta mein, ack yug jise anyatha musalman jehli yaa all-jahilia key roop mein jaanate they, makka key moortipoojak yaa poorv-islami vyapariyon ney pavitra kaaba koo niyantrit kiya, jisase usa parr niyantran niyantrit huaa aur badale mein, shahar parr hii niyantran kiya. arab praaydweep kii sthaaniya janjaatiyaan apani moortiyon koo kaaba mein rakhane key liye iss vanijya kendra mein aaeen, iss prakriya mein dashmansh lagaaya jaa rhaa thaa. isase makka key vyapariyon koo paryaapt dhana arjit karane mein madad millie, saath hii vyaapaar aur saapeksh shaanti mein antar-janjaatiya sambandhon key liye ack faldaayi vatavaran sunishchit huaa.
muhammad key prachaar key kaaran moortipoojak vyapariyon kaa krodh utpann huaa, jisase way unake khilaf vidroh karane lagey. unaki shikshaon kaa virodh itna asthir hoe gayaa kii muhammad aur unake anuyaayiyon koo suraksha key liye makka seey madina bhaagne key liye majboor honah padaa, jisase sashastr sangharsh huaa aur kaee ladaaiyaan shuru huin joe jeet gaeen aur haar gaeen, joe antatah varsh 630 mein makka kii vijay mein samaapt hui. isake baad, muhammad ney teen cheejen keen. sabse pahale, apane sathiyon key saath unhone kaaba kaa daura kiya aur moortiyon koo fenk diyaa aur unhein nasht curr diyaa, iss prakaar kaaba seey jahilia key sanketon koo hataa diyaa. doosara, unhone islam key janm key baad pahali masjid all-haram, kaaba key chaaron or ack masjid key nirmaan kaa adesh diyaa. teesara, muhammad ney udaartaa seey una sabhi logon koo kshama curr diyaa jinhone unake khilaf hathiyar uthaaye they. moortiyon key vinash aur masjid all-haram key nirmaan key saath, ack nae yug kii shuruat hui, jisase islam kaa uday huaa.
bhaaratiya dharm.
hindu dharm.
hindu mandir key garbhagrih yaa bheetari mandir mein devta kii ack chhavi hoti haye. yeh ack vistrit moorti kaa roop leey sakata haye, lekin ack prateekaatmak ling bhee bahut aam haye, aur kabhi-kabhi ack yoni yaa anya prateekaatmak roop. aam taur parr kewal pujaariyon koo kaksh mein pravesh karane kii anumati hoti haye, lekin hindu mandir vastukala aamtaur parr mandap mein upasakon dwara chhavi koo dekhane kii anumati detee haye (isamen pravesh, aur poore mandir koo bhee vibhinn tarikon seey pratibandhit kiya jaa sakata haye).
hindu dharm pooja key kaee roopon kii anumati detaa haye aur isaliye yeh naa tou chhaviyon ("moorti") kii pooja koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye aur naa hii pratibandhit kartaa haye. hindu dharm mein, "moorti" kaa arth aamtaur parr ack aisee chhavi haye joe ack divya aatma ("moorti") koo vyakt karati haye. jiska shaabdik arth haye "avtaar", ack "moorti" ack divyata kaa pratinidhitva haye, joe aamtaur parr patthar, lakadi yaa dhaatu seey banaa hotaa haye, joe ack saadhan key roop mein kaary kartaa haye jisake madhyam seey ack divyata kii pooja kii jaa sakati haye. hindu ack moorti koo pooja key uddeshya seey divya pooja key liye ahwan kiye jaane key baad hii divya pooja key kendra key roop mein seva karane key yogya maanate hain. devatva kaa chitran dhaarmik parampara mein ullikhit haav-bhaav aur anupaat koo pratibimbit karna chaahiye.
jainavaad.
jaine dharm mein, tirthankar ("nirmaata") sabhi manushyon key vaastavik lakshya kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. jaine unake gunon kii pooja karate hain. chaubis tirthankaron mein seey kissy koo bhee darshaane vaali chhaviyaan jaine mandiron mein rakhee gaee hain. aisaa koee vishvaas naheen haye kii chhavi swayam usa astitva key pratinidhitva key alawa anya haye jiska vaha pratinidhitva kartaa haye. tirthankar iss tarah kii pooja kaa jawab naheen dey sakate hain, lekin yeh ack dhyaan sahaayata key roop mein kaary curr sakata haye. haalaanki adhikansh pooja prarthana, bhajan aur paath kaa roop letee haye, moorti koo kabhi-kabhi anushthaanik roop seey nahaaya jaataa haye, aur aksar ise chadhaaya jaataa haye; jainavaad key anusaar aathh prakaar key karmon kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale aathh prakaar key prasaad hotey hain. shraddha kaa yeh roop vishvaas kaa kendriya siddhant naheen haye.
bauddh dharm.
bahut praarambhik bauddh dharm buddh key pratinidhitva seey bachata thaa, joe prateekon yaa ack khaali sthaan dwara pratinidhitva kiya jaataa thaa. baad mein aitihaasik buddh kii badee chhaviyaan, aur anya buddh aur bodhisatva bauddh kalaa key kaee vidyaalayon mein mahatvapurna hoe gaye, aur jyaadaatar aise hii rahey hain. chhavi key prati bhakt kaa ravaiya bauddh dharm mein atyadhik jatil aur parivartansheel haye, joe vishesh parampara aur vyakti key bauddh vichaar mein prashikshan kii degree parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
dharm chakr ack chhavi haye jiska upayog bauddh dharm mein pooja key liye kiya jaataa haye. dharm buddh kii sabhi shikshaon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye aur unakaa prateek haye. dharm ack chakr yaa vritt haye, joe vibhinn gunon koo banaae rakhta haye joe bauddh dharm key liye aavashyak hain. aam taur parr, chakr aathh charanon kaa maarg dikhaata haye jiska bauddh nirvaan taka pahunchane key liye paalan karate hain. prateek jeevan key pravaah koo dikhaane key liye ack chakr haih bauddh punarjanm mein vishvaas karate hain, isaliye jeevan ack vritt mein chalata haye aur mrityu mein samaapt naheen hotaa haye.
purvi asiai dharm.
shinto.
shinto mein, panth chhaviyon koo shintai kahaa jaataa haye. inke sabse puraane aitihaasik udaaharan patthar, jharane, pedh yaa pahaad jaise praakritik vastuein theen, jaise kii mount fuji, jabaki adhikansh maanav nirmit vastuein jaise talvaaren, ratna yaa darpan hain. kaami kaa pratinidhi yaa hissa honey key bajaay, shintai koo bhandar key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye jisamen aisee aatmaon kaa saar asthaayi roop seey manushyon key liye pooja key liye sulabh banaane key liye reh sakata haye. kanjo naamak ack samaroh kaa upayog ack kaami key saar koo dusare shintai mein prasaarit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase ack hii devta koo kaee mandiron mein sthaapit kiya jaa sakata haye.

