petrarch

francesco petrarca (; 20 julaai 1304-18/19 julaai 1374), jinhen aamtaur parr petrarch () key roop mein angreji mein jaanaa jaataa haye, praarambhik punarjagaran itali key vidwan aur kavi they, aur praarambhik manavtavadiyon mein seey ack they.
petrarch dwara sisro key patron kii punah khoj koo aksar 14veen shatabdi key italvi punarjagaran aur punarjagaran manavtavad kii sthaapana kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. 16veen shatabdi mein, pietro bembo ney petrarch key karyon key saath-saath jiyovanni bokkashiyo aur kuchh hudd taka daante alighiyeri key karyon key aadhar parr aadhunik italvi bhasha key liye model banaaya. petrarch koo baad mein italvi shally key liye ack model key roop mein samarthan diyaa gayaa.
punarjagaran key dauran petrarch key sonnet kii poore europe mein prashansa aur nakal kii gaee aur way geetaatmak kavita key liye ack aadarsh bunn gaye. unhein "andhakaar yug" kii avadharana vikasit karane vaale pahale vyakti key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
jeevani.
yuva aur praarambhik carrier.
petrarch kaa janm 20 julaai 1304 koo tuscan shahar aarezo mein huaa thaa. vaha sair petraco aur unaki patni aletta canigiani key bete they. unakaa diyaa gayaa naam "francensco petraco" thaa, jise lattin mein "petrarca" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. petrarch key chhote bhaai kaa janm 1307 mein wall dee 'arno mein insisa mein huaa thaa. daante alighiyeri apane pitaa key dost they.
petrarch ney apana praarambhik bachpan florence key paas insisa gaanv mein bitaaya. unhone apane praarambhik jeevan kaa adhikansh samay avignon aur paas key badhai mein bitaaya, jahan unakaa parivaar pope clement vee kaa anusaran karane key liye chalaa gayaa, joe 1309 mein avignon pope shasson shuru karane key liye vahaan chaley gaye. petrarch ney montpellier vishvavidyalaya (1316-20) aur bologna (1320-23) mein ack aajivan mitra aur sahpathi, guido sete, genoa key bhavishya key archbishop key saath kaanoon kaa adhyayan kiya. kyonki unake pitaa kanuni peshe (ack notary) mein they, unhone jore dekar kahaa kii petrarch aur unake bhaai bhee kaanoon kaa adhyayan karein. halanki, petrarch mukhya roop seey lekhan aur lattin saahitya mein ruchi rakhate they aur inn saat varshon koo barbad maanate they. petrarch aksar apane gair-kanuni hiton seey itna vichalit hoe jaate they kii unake pitaa ney ack baar apani kitaabon koo aag mein fenk diyaa thaa, jiss parr baad mein unhone afsos jataaya. isake alawa, unhone ghoshana kii kii kanuni herfer key madhyam seey unake abhibhaavakon ney unhein florence mein unaki chhoti sampatti kii viraasat seey loot liya, jisase kanuni pranali key prati unaki napsand koo aur bull milaa. unhone virodh kiya, "main apane dimag kaa ack vyaapaar banaane kaa saamana naheen curr sakata thaa", kyonki way kanuni pranali koo nyaay bechane kii kalaa key roop mein dekhate they.
petrarch ack vipul patra lekhak they aur unhone bokkashiyo koo apane ullekhaniya doston mein ginaa jinhen way aksar likhate they. apane maataa-pitaa kii mrityu key baad, petrarch aur unake bhaai gherardo 1326 mein avignon vaapas chaley gaye, jahan unhone kaee lipic karyalayon mein kaam kiya. iss kaam ney unhein apane lekhan mein samarpit karane key liye bahut samay diyaa. mahaan roman general sipiyo africanus key baare mein lattin mein ack mahakavya, apane pahale badey paimaane parr kaam, "africa" key saath, petrarch ack europeeya celebrity key roop mein ubhare. 8 aprail 1341 koo, way shaastriya prachinta key baad seey dusare kavi puraskar vijeta baney aur rome kii rajdhani key pavitra maidan parr roman "senatory" giordano orsini aur orso dell 'angillara dwara taaj pahanaaya gayaa.
unhone europe mein vyaapak roop seey yatra kii, ack rajdoot key roop mein kaary kiya, aur, kyonki unhone anand key liye yatra kii, jaise kii mont ventox kii chadhaai key saath, unhein "pahala paryatak" kahaa gayaa haye.
apani yaatraon key dauran, unhone dhwast hoe rahee lattin pandulipiyon koo ekatra kiya aur rome aur grees key lekhakon seey gyaan kii vasuli mein ack pramukh prerak they. unhone leontius pilatus koo bokkashiyo dwara kharidi gaee pandulipi seey hommer key anuvaad key liye protsaahit aur salah dee, halanki way parinam key gambhir roop seey aalochak they. petrarch ney ack prati praapt kii thee, jise unhone leontius koo naheen saunpa thaa, lekin vaha koee yunani naheen jaanate they; petrarch ney apane baare mein kahaa, "hommer usake liye moorkh thaa, jabaki vaha hommer key liye badhir thaa. 1345 mein unhone vyaktigat roop seey cicero key patron key sangrah kii khoj kii, joe pahale maujood naheen they, sangrah "epistulay aid atticum", verona cathedral key adhyaay pustakalaya ("biblioteca capitaller") mein.
jiss yug mein way rahate they, usaki agyaantaa koo aswikar karate hue, petrarch koo ack aitihaasik "andhakaar yug" kii avadharana banaane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye, jise abb adhikansh aadhunik vidwan galat aur bhraamak paate hain.
mount ventox.
petrarch bataate hain kii 26 aprail 1336 koo, apane bhaai aur dou naukaron key saath, vaha mont ventox () key sheersh parr chadh gaye, ack upalabdhi jise unhone aavashyakta key bajaay manoranjan key liye kiya. iss shoshan kaa varnan usake dost aur kabool karane vaale, bhikshu deonigi dee borgon saine sepolcro koo sambodhit ack prasiddh patra mein kiya gayaa haye, joe iss tathya key kuchh samay baad likhaa gayaa thaa. isamen, petrarch ney daavaa kiya kii way masseddon key mount himo kii chadhaai key phillip vee seey prerit they aur ack vriddh kisan ney unhein bataaya thaa kii 50 saal pahale koee bhee apane seey pahale yaa baad mein ventox parr naheen chadh gayaa thaa, aur unhein aisaa karane kaa prayaas karane key khilaf chetavani dee thee. unnisvin shatabdi key swiss itihaaskaar jacob berkhardt ney ullekh kiya kii jeane buridan ney kuchh saal pahale usee pahaad parr chadhaai kii thee, aur madhya yug key dauran kii gaee chadhaai darj kii gaee haye, jisamen collon key archbishop eno II bhee shamil hain.
vidvaanon kaa kahana haye kii deonigi koo petrarch kaa patra drishyon kii bhavyata mein saundarya santushti key ack aashcharyajanak roop seey "aadhunik" drishtikon koo pradarshit kartaa haye aur abhee bhee aksar parvataarohan key khel koo samarpit pustakon aur patrikaon mein uddhrit kiya jaataa haye. petrarch mein, yeh ravaiya ack gunee isai jeevan kii akanksha key saath jodaa gayaa haye, aur shikhar parr pahunchane parr, unhone apani jeb seey apane priya maargdarshak, sant augustein dwara ack khand liya, jise way hamesha apane saath leey jaate they.
kewal anand key liye unhone mont ventox parr chadhaai kii, joe vaclues seey parey chhah hazaar feat seey adhik kii oonchaai taka haye. yeh koee badee upalabdhi naheen thee, lekin vaha aadhunik samay key pahale darj kiye gaye alpinist they, jinhone kewal parvat kii choti seey dekhane key anand key liye parvat parr chadhaai kii thee. (yaa lagbhag pahala; kyonki ack oonche charagah mein vaha ack boodhe charvaahe seey milaa, jisane kahaa kii usake shikhar parr pahunchane seey pachas saal pahale, aur usey mehnat, paschaataap aur fatey hue kapadon key alawa kuchh naheen milaa thaa.) petrarch alps, lyon key aspas key pahaadon, ronn, marcels kii khaadi key drishya seey chakit aur uttejit thaa. unhone apani jeb seey augustein key "sweekaarokti" koo liya aur pratibimbit kiya kii unaki chadhaai kewal ack behtar jeevan kii akanksha kaa ack roopak thaa.
jaise hii kitab khuli, petrarch kii aankhen turant nimnalikhit shabdon kii or aakarshit huinh
petrarch kii pratikriya prakriti kii baahari duniya seey "aatma" kii aantarik duniya kii or mudanaa thaah
james hillman kaa tark haye kii aantarik duniya kii yeh punah khoj ventox ghatana kaa vaastavik mahatva haye. punarjagaran kii shuruat mont ventox kii chadhaai key saath naheen hoti haye, balki baad key avrohan key saath hoti haye-"vaapsee [...] aatma kii ghaati mein ", jaisa kii pahaadi aadami kahata haye. 
iss tarah key ekvachan aur atee-maukhik aavartak key khilaf bahas karate hue, paul james ack alag padhane kaa sujhaav dete hainh
baad key varshon mein.
petrarch ney apane jeevan kaa antim bhaag ack antarrashtriya vidwan aur kavi-rajanyik key roop mein uttari itali kii yatra mein bitaaya. church mein unake currier ney unhein shaadi karane kii anumati naheen dee, lekin maanaa jaataa haye kii unhone ack mahila yaa mahilaaon seey dou bachchon key pitaa banaae joe bhaavi peedhi key liye anjaan they. ack putra, jiyovanni kaa janm 1337 mein huaa thaa, aur ack betty, francica kaa janm 1343 mein huaa thaa. baad mein unhone donon koo vaidh banaa diyaa.
giovanni kii mrityu 1361 mein plaig seey hui. usee varsh petrarch koo padua key paas monsellis mein cannon naam diyaa gayaa. francesca ney usee varsh francesculo daa brosano (jinhen baad mein petrarch kii vaseeyat kaa nishpaadak naamit kiya gayaa) seey shaadi kii. 1362 mein, ack betty, aletta (petrarch kii maan key samaan naam) key janm key turant baad, way plaig seey bachane key liye venis mein petrarch mein shamil hoe gaye aur phir europe key kuchh hisson koo tabah curr diyaa. ack dusare potey, francesco kaa janm 1366 mein huaa thaa, lekin unake dusare janmadin seey pahale hii unaki mrityu hoe gaee. francesca aur unakaa parivaar 1362 seey 1367 taka paanch varshon taka venis mein patrarch key saath palazzo molina mein rahey; haalaanki patrarch ney una varshon mein yatra karna jaari rakhaa. 1361 aur 1369 key beach chhote bokkashiyo ney puraane petrarch seey dou baar mulakat kii. pahala venis mein thaa, doosara padua mein thaa.
lagbhag 1368 petrarch aur francesca (apane parivaar key saath) padua key paas yugeni pahaadiyon mein arkwa key chhote seey shahar mein chaley gaye, jahan unhone apane shesh varshon koo dhaarmik chintan mein bitaaya. unaki mrityu 1374 julaai koo arkwa mein unake ghar mein hui thee. ghar mein abb petrarchian karyon aur jigyasaon kii ack sthaayi pradarshani aayojit kii jaati haye, jisamen ack prasiddh makbara bhee shamil haye jise lambe samay seey petrarch kii maanaa jaataa haye (halanki iss baat kaa koee saboot naheen haye kii petrarch mein vaastav mein ack billi thee). sangamarmar key slab parr, antonio kwarengi dwara likhaa gayaa ack lattin shilalekh haih
petrarch kii vaseeyat (dinank 4 aprail 1370) mein 50 florin "germ sheetkaleen dressing gaaun khareedane key liye" bokkashiyo key liye chhod dee gaee haye; vibhinn viraasat (ack ghodaa, ack chaandi kaa cup, ack veenaa, ack madona) usake bhaai aur usake doston key liye; uska ghar usake dekhbhal karane vaale key liye; usaki aatma key liye, aur garibon key liye; aur usaki sampatti kaa badaa hissa apane damad, francisculo daa brasano koo, joe iska aadhaa hissa "usa vyakti koo denaa haye, jise vaha jaanata haye, main ise jaanaa chaahata huun"; sambhavatah usaki betty, francica, brasano kii patni. vaseeyat mein naa tou arkwa mein sampatti kaa ullekh haye aur naa hii unake pustakalaya kaa; petrarch key ullekhaniya pandulipiyon key pustakalaya koo pahale seey hii palazzo molina key badale venis key liye vaadaa kiya gayaa thaa. yeh vyavastha sambhavatah taba radd curr dee gaee thee jaba vaha 1368 mein venis key dushman padua chaley gaye they. pustakalaya koo padua key prabhuon dwara jabt curr liya gayaa thaa, aur unaki pustaken aur paandulipiyaan abb europe mein vyaapak roop seey bikhare hue hain. phir bhee, biblioteca marciana ney paaramparik roop seey iss vaseeyat koo apani sthaapana key roop mein daavaa kiya, halanki vaastav mein isaki sthaapana 1468 mein cardinal besarian dwara kii gaee thee.
kaam kartaa haye.
petrarch koo unaki italvi kavita key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey "reram vulgarium fragmenta" ("sthaaniya bhasha key mamalon key tukade"), vibhinn shailiyon mein 366 geet kavitaon kaa sangrah jise 'canzonier' ('geet pustika') key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, aur "aaee trionfi" ("vijay"), dantian prerana kii chhah bhaagon vaali kathaa kavita haye. haalaanki, petrarch ack utsaahi lattin vidwan they aur unhone apana adhikansh lekhan isi bhasha mein kiya. unake lattin lekhan mein vidvaanon kii kritiyaan, aatmanirikshanatmak nibandh, patra aur adhik kavitaaen shamil hain. unamen seey "secretum" ("merrie gupt pustak"), hippo key augustin seey prerit ack vyakti key saath ack gahan vyaktigat, kaalpanik samvaad; "dee viris elastribus" ("prasiddh purushon parr"), naitik jeevani kii ack shrinkhala; "rerumenderum memorium libri", joe mukhya gunon parr ack adhura granth haye; "dee otto religiosorum" ("dhaarmik avkash parr") aur "dee vitaa solitaria" ("ekant jeevan parr"), joe chintansheel jeevan kii prashansa karate hain; "dee remedis utriusk lucky" ("bhaagya key liye upchaar aur ashuddh"), ack swa-sahaayata pustak joe saikadon varshon taka lokpriya rahee; "yatra-sthal" ("petrarch kii pavitra bhoomi key liye maargdarshak"), jaise vidvaanon aur african doctors key khilaf ack adhura sangrah; ack adhura mahakavya, "" african chikitsak aur vidvaanon key khilaf "; unhone saat bhajanon kaa anuvaad kiya, ack sangrah jise "prayashchitatmak bhajan" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
petrarch ney apane patron key kaee khand bhee prakaashit kiye, jinamen itihas kii lambe samay seey mrit hastiyon jaise cicero aur virgil key liye likhe gaye kuchh patra bhee shamil hain. cicero, virgil aur seneka unake saahityik model they. unake adhikansh lattin lekhan aaj mushkil hain, lekin unaki kaee kritiyaan angreji anuvaad mein upalabdh hain. unaki kaee lattin kritiyaan harvard vishvavidyalaya kii press shrinkhala "aaee tatti" mein dikhaai dene vaali hain. unake lekhan key liye koee sateek tarikh nirdhaarit karna mushkil haye kyonki way jeevan bhar unhein sanshodhit karate rahey.
petrarch ney apane patron koo "reram parichit libber" ("parichit mamalon parr patra") aur "senales" ("vriddhavastha key patra") naamak pustakon key dou pramukh seton mein ekatra kiya, joe donon angreji anuvaad mein upalabdh hain. sisro key patron key gyaan seey unhein unake patron kii yojana kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa. inhen praaptakartaon kii suraksha key liye "binaa naam key" prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen seey sabhi key petrarch key saath ghanishth sambandh they. inn patron key praaptakartaon mein cavillan key bishap phillip dee cabasols, padua key bishap ildebrandino konti, rome key tribune colla dee reenjo, florence mein pavitra preriton key church key poorv pujari francesco nelli aur sent whiteliss key ack cardinal aur pujari nicolo dee caposia shamil they. unakaa "bhaavi peedhi koo patra" ("vriddhavastha" mein antim patra) ack aatmakatha aur jeevan mein unake darshan kaa saransh detaa haye. yeh mool roop seey lattin mein likhaa gayaa thaa aur 1371 yaa 1372 mein puuraa huaa thaa-ack hazaar varshon mein pahali aisee aatmakatha (sant augustein key baad).
jabaki petrarch kii kavita koo unaki mrityu key baad aksar sangeet key liye sett kiya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey 16 veen shatabdi mein punarjagaran key italvi madrigal sangeetkaron dwara, petrarch key jivankal key dauran rachit kewal ack sangeet setting jeevit haye. yeh jacopo daa bologna dwara 1350 key aspas likhaa gayaa "gair all suo amante" haye.
kavita aur kavita.
6 aprail 1327 koo, petrarch dwara ack pujari key roop mein apana vyavasaay chhodane key baad, sent-clair dee 'avignon key church mein "laura" naamak ack mahila key darshan ney unamen ack sthaayi junoon jagaaya, jise "reram vulgarium fragmenta" ("sthaaniya mamalon key tukade") mein manaaya jaataa haye. laura laura dee noves hoe sakata haye, joe count huges dee sede (markis dee sede key poorvaj) kii patni thee. laura key baare mein petrarch key kaam mein bahut cumm nishchit jaankaari haye, sivaay isake kii vaha dekhane mein pyaari, gori baalon vaali, vinamra, garimapurna vyavhaar vaali haye. laura aur petrarch kaa bahut cumm yaa koee vyaktigat sampark naheen thaa. usake "sraav" key anusaar, usane usey manaa curr diyaa kyonki vaha pahale seey hii shadishuda thee. unhone apani bhaavanaon koo prem kavitaon mein parivartit kiya joe prerak key bajaay vismayakaari theen, aur gadya likhaa joe mahilaaon kaa peechha karane vaale purushon key liye unaki tiraskar koo darshaata haye. 1348 mein unaki mrityu key baad, kavi ney paaya kii unake duhkh key saath jeena utanaa hii kathin thaa jitna kii unaki poorv nirasha. baad mein, apane "bhaavi peedhi koo patra" mein, petrarch ney likhaah "apane yuva dinon mein main ack bhaari lekin shuddh prem sambandh key saath lagaatar sangharsh kartaa rhaa-meraa ekmatra, aur aggar samay seey pahale mrityu naheen hoti, tou main isase adhik samay taka sangharsh kartaa, joe merey liye kadvi lekin fayademand naheen hoti, aur thandak kii lapaton koo bujhaa detee. kaash main yeh kaha paataa kii main hamesha shareer kii ichchhaon seey poori tarah seey mukt rhaa huun, lekin aggar maine aisaa kiya hotaa tou main jhooth boll rhaa hotaa.
halanki yeh sambhav haye kii vaha ack aadarsh yaa chhadm charitra thee-vishesh roop seey jaba seey "laura" naam kaa kavya "laurels" petrarch seey bhashai sambandh haye-petrarch ney khud hamesha iska khandan kiya. ll 'auraa" kaa unakaa lagaatar upayog bhee ullekhaniya haih udaaharan key liye, "erano aaee kaipei dee' oro aeye" ll 'auraa "sparcy" pankti kaa arth hoe sakata haye "usake baal laura key poore shareer parr they" aur "havaa (" ll' auraa ") usake baalon mein beh rahee thee. laura key varnan mein manovaigyaanik yathaarthvaad haye, halanki petrarch prem aur premiyon key paaramparik varnanon parr bahut adhik dhyaan aakarshit kartaa haye, joe pareshan karane vaale geeton aur darbari prem key anya saahitya seey praapt hotey hain. usaki upasthiti usey akathaniya anand detee haye, lekin uska ektarafa prem asahaniya ichchhaon, utsaahi premi aur rahasyavaadi isai key beach aantarik sangharsh paida kartaa haye, jisase donon kaa samanjasya banaana asambhav hoe jaataa haye. prem key liye petrarch kii khoj nirasha aur aparivartaniya peedaa kii or leey jaati haye, jaisa kii vaha reema 134 mein virodhabhason kii shrinkhala mein vyakt kartaa haye "gati gair trovo, aur gair door gerra;/ee temo, aur espero; aur ardo, aur betaa ack ghiyashiyo": "mujhe koee shaanti naheen milati haye, aur phir bhee main koee yuddh naheen kartaah/aur darr, aur aashah aur jalata huun, aur main burf huun.
laura pahunch seey baahar haye aur usake baare mein vivaran uttejak lekin khandit hain. francesco dee sanctis ney apani "storia della latertura italiana" mein apani kavita key shaktishali sangeet kii prashansa kii haye. gianfranco contin, ack prasiddh nibandh mein ("priliminari sulla lingua dell petrarca". petrarca, canzonier. turin, ainaaudi, 1964) ney petrarch kii bhasha kaa varnan "ekatmakta" (danteyan "plurilinguismo" key vipareet) key sandarbh mein kiya haye.
daante.
petrarch daante aur unake "divina comedia" seey bahut alag haye. aadhyatmik vishay key bavjood, "comedia" kii jadein shatabdi key florence key saanskritik aur samajik parivesh mein gaharaai seey nihit hainh daante kaa satta mein uday (1300) aur nirvaasan (1302); unake raajneetik junoon bhasha key "hinsak" upayog kii maang karate hain, jahaan way nimn aur tuchchh seey laker udaatt aur daarshanik taka sabhi rajistaron kaa upayog karate hain. petrarch ney bokkashiyo key saamane sweekaar kiya kii unhone kabhi "comedia" naheen padhaa thaa, yeh sochkar kii kyaa yeh sach thaa yaa petrarch daante seey khud koo door karna chaahte they. daante kii bhasha vikasit hoti haye jaise-jaise vaha badaa hotaa haye, unake praarambhik shailiwadi "rime" aur "vitaa neuva" key darbari prem seey laker "convivo" aur "divina comedia" taka, jahan beatrice koo darshan kii devi key roop mein pavitra kiya jaataa haye-darshan kii ghoshana donna gair-yahudi dwara beatrice kii mrityu parr kii jaati haye.
isake vipareet, petrarch key vichaar aur shally unake poore jeevan mein apekshaakrit samaan hain-unhone nae vishayon yaa kavita kii or badhane key bajaay "canzonier" key geeton aur sonnet koo sanshodhit karane mein iska adhikansh hissa kharch kiya. yahaan, akele kavita vyaktigat duhkh key liye santvana pradaan karati haye, bahut cumm darshan yaa rajneeti (dante kii tarah), petrarch key liye apane bheetar kii ladaai (kamukta banaam rahasyavaad, apavitra banaam isai saahitya), naa kii apane seey baahar kii kissy bhee cheez key khilaf. daante koo prerit karane vaale majboot naitik aur raajneetik vishvaas madhya yug aur samudaay kii udaarvaadi bhavna seey sambandhit hain; petrarch kii naitik duvidhaaen, rajneeti mein apana rukh rakhane seey incar, unakaa ekant jeevan ack alag disha, yaa samay kii or ishara kartaa haye. dha free commune, vaha sthaan jisane daante koo ack prakhyaat rajneta aur vidwan banaa diyaa thaa, koo dhwast kiya jaa rhaa thaah "signoria" apani jagah leey rhaa thaa. haalaanki, manavtavad aur isaki anubhavjanya jaanch kii bhavna pragati curr rahee thee-lekin pope shasson (vishesh roop seey avignon key baad) aur samrajya (heinry VII, safed gulfon kii antim aashaa, 1313 mein siena key paas marr gaee) ney apani mool pratishtha kaa adhikansh hissa khou diyaa thaa.
petrarch ney giacomo daa lentini seey viraasat mein mille sonnet roop koo polish aur paripurna kiya aur jiska upayog dante ney apane "veeta neuva" mein "dolls still novo" key nae darbari prem koo lokpriya banaane key liye vyaapak roop seey kiya. daante key terza rima seey terset laabh ("divina comedia" kii tulanaa karein), chaturthansh loga cicilian kii abab-abab yojana kii tulanaa mein abba-abba koo pasand karate hain. bund "oh" key saath "yuu" aur bund "ee" key saath "aaee" (guitton key cicilian padya key galat pratipaadan seey viraasat mein millie) kii apoorna tukbandi koo baahar rakhaa gayaa haye, lekin khule aur bund "oh" kii tukbandi rakhee gaee haye. anta mein, petrarch kaa sanyojan ack rekha koo nimnalikhit seey jodkar lambi shabdarth ikaaiyaan banaata haye. canzonier" (laura koo samarpit) mein ekatra petrarch kii 366 kavitaon mein seey adhikansh (317) "sonnet" they, aur petrarchan sonnet abhee bhee unakaa naam rakhta haye.
darshan.
petrarch koo aksar manavtavad kaa janak kahaa jaataa haye aur kaee logon dwara unhein "punarjagaran kaa janak" maanaa jaataa haye. secretum meyam" mein, way bataate hain kii dharmnirpeksh uplabdhiyaan aavashyak roop seey bhagwan key saath ack pramanik sambandh koo baadhit naheen karati hain, isake bajaay yeh tark dete hue kii bhagwan ney manushyon koo unaki vishal bauddhik aur rachanaatmak kshamata dee haye taaki unakaa puuraa upayog kiya jaa sakey. unhone manavtawadi darshan koo prerit kiya, jisase punarjagaran kaa bauddhik vikas huaa. way pracheen itihas aur saahitya key adhyayan key apaar naitik aur vyaavhaarik moolya mein vishvaas karate they-yaani maanav vichaar aur kaary kaa adhyayan. petrarch ack bhakt catholic they aur unhone manavata kii kshamata koo mahsoos karane aur dhaarmik vishvaas rakhane key beach koee sangharsh naheen dekhaa, halanki kaee daarshnikon aur vidvaanon ney unhein ack proto-protestant key roop mein pesh kiya haye jinhone pope key siddhant koo chunauti dee thee.
ack atyadhik aatmanireekshan karane vaale vyakti, petrarch ney navodit manavtawadi andolan koo aakar dene mein madad kii kyonki unake lekhan mein vyakt kaee aantarik sanghrshon aur vichaaron koo punarjagaran manavtawadi daarshnikon dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa aur agale 200 varshon taka lagaatar tark diyaa gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, unhone sakriya aur chintansheel jeevan key beach uchit sambandh key saath sangharsh kiya, aur ekant aur adhyayan key mahatva parr jore diyaa. daante key saath ack spasht asahamati mein, 1346 mein petrarch ney "dee vitaa solitaria" mein tark diyaa kii pope celestine vee kaa 1294 mein pope shasson seey incar karna ekant jeevan kaa ack achchha udaaharan thaa. baad mein rajneta aur vichaarak leonardo bruny (1370-1444) ney sakriya jeevan, yaa "nagrik manavtavad" key liye tark diyaa. natijatan, punarjagaran key dauran kaee raajneetik, sainya aur dhaarmik netaaon koo iss dhaarana key saath vikasit kiya gayaa kii vyaktigat poorti kii unaki khoj shaastriya udaaharan aur daarshanik chintan parr adharit honey chaahiye.
viraasat.
petrarch kaa prabhaav aquilla (1466-1500) seey serafino siminelli key karyon aur dubrovnic seey marin drusic (1508-1567) key karyon mein spasht haye.
romantic sangeetkaar franz liszt ney petrarch key teen sonnet (47,104, aur 123) koo aavaaj key liye sangeet key liye sett kiya, "tray soneti dell petrarca", jise baad mein unhone ekal piano key liye "annice dee pellerines" soot mein shamil karane key liye likhaa. liszt ney vijeta hyugo kii ack kavita bhee likhi, "oh! quand jey dors "jisamen petrarch aur laura koo kamuk prem key prateek key roop mein bulaaya jaataa haye.
1991 mein avignon mein rahate hue, adhuniktawadi sangeetkaar elliot carter ney apani ekal bansuri kaa tukada "scrivo inn vento" puuraa kiya joe aanshik roop seey petrarch key sonnet 212, "beeto inn sogno" seey prerit aur sanrachit haye. iska premiere petrarch key 687vein janmadin parr kiya gayaa thaa.
navambar 2003 mein, yeh ghoshana kii gaee thee kii pathological anatomist 19veen shatabdi kii reports koo satyaapit karane key liye arca petrarca mein petrarch key taaboot seey unake shareer koo baahar nikaalenge, kii way 1.83 meater (lagbhag chhah feat) khade they, joe unaki avadhi key liye lamba hotaa. padua vishvavidyalaya kii team ney unake 700vein janmadin key avsar parr unaki visheshtaon kii ack computerykrit chhavi utpann karane key liye unake kapaal key punarnirmaan kii bhee ummeed kii. makbare koo 1873 mein professor jiyovanni canestrini dwara khola gayaa thaa, joe padua vishvavidyalaya key bhee they. jaba makbare koo khola gayaa, tou khopadi koo tukadon mein paaya gayaa aur ack dee. aine. aeye. pareekshan seey pataa chalaa kii khopadi petrarch kii naheen thee, jisase petrarch kii khopadi kii vaapsee kii maang hui.
shodhkartaon koo puuraa yakeen haye kii kabr mein shav petrarch kaa haye kyonki kankal mein petrarch dwara unake lekhan mein ullikhit choton key pramaan hain, jisamen 42 saal kii umr mein gadhe seey laat bhee shamil haye.
mudra vigyaan.
unhein mudra vigyaan key pahale aur sabse prasiddh shaukeen honey kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. unhone rome kaa daura karane aur kisaanon seey pracheen sikke laane key liye kahane kaa varnan kiya joe unhein mitty mein milenge joe vaha unase kharidenge, aur roman samraton key naamon aur visheshtaon kii pehchaan karane mein saksham honey parr apani khushi key baare mein likhate hain.

