
verges kurian

vargees kurian (26 navambar 1921-9 sitambar 2012), jinhen bhaarat mein "shwet kranti key pitaa" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack samajik udyami they, jinake "arab-leater vichaar", operation flood ney dayeri kheti koo bhaarat kaa sabse badaa aatmanirbhar udyog aur sabhi graameen aaya kaa ack tihai pradaan karane vaalaa sabse badaa graameen rojgar kshetra banaa diyaa. isane bhaarat koo duniya kaa sabse badaa doodh utpaadak banaa diyaa, pratyek vyakti key liye upalabdh doodh koo doguna curr diyaa, aur 30 varshon mein doodh utpaadan mein chaar gunaa vriddhi kii.
unhone dayeri sahakaari samitiyon key anand model kaa beedaa uthaaya aur ise vibhinn "topp-down" aur "bottom-upp" drishtikonon key aadhar parr rashtravyapi roop seey dohraya, jahaan ack kisan seey koee doodh naheen liya gayaa thaa aur upbhoktaon dwara keemat kaa 70-80% nakad mein bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa joe dayeri key maalikon key roop mein doodh aur doodh utpaadon key vipanan, khareed aur prasanskaran koo niyantrit karate they. amool mein ack aavishkaar gaay key doodh key bajaay bhains key doodh seey doodh pouder kaa utpaadan thaa, jisaki bhaarat mein cumm aapoorti thee.
unhone bhaarat koo khaadya telon mein aatmanirbhar bhee banaaya aur "tail raajaon" key khilaf ladaai ladee, jinhone tilhan udyog parr apana prabhutva lagu karane key liye cumm haathon aur hinsak tarikon kaa upayog kiya.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
kurian kaa janm 26 navambar 1921 koo keral key kojhikode mein sivil sarjan dow. pee. key. kurian, ack anglikan suriyani nasrani parivaar key liye. unhone koyambatur jile (abb erode jilaa, tamilanadu) mein heerak jayanti uchch maadhyamik vidyalaya, gobichettipalayam mein school mein padhaai kii, jabaki unake pitaa vahaan key sarkari aspatal mein kaam karate they. way 14 saal kii umr mein loyola college (madras vishvavidyalaya seey sambaddh college) mein shamil hue, 1940 mein bhautiki mein snaatak hue, aur engineering college, gindy seey mechanical engineering mein snaatak kii degree praapt kii, joe usa samay madras vishvavidyalaya kaa bhee hissa thaa, 1943 mein. unake pitaa kii mrityu taba hui jaba way 22 saal key they. isake turant baad, unake maama-daadaa cherian mathai, kurian key parivaar koo apane pankhon key neeche leey gaye aur unhein trichur mein apane ghar leey aae. vaha ack engineer key roop mein senaa mein shamil honah chaahata thaa, lekin usaki maan ney usey taata steel takniki sansthaan, jamshedpur mein shamil honey key liye raaji kiya, usake chaacha kii sifarish parr, joe taata key saath ack nideshak they, aur jahan seey unhone 1946 mein snaatak kiya thaa. vaha jald hii apane chaacha key chatukaron seey alag honah chaahata thaa.
kurian ney bhaarat sarkaar dwara pradaan kii gaee chhatravritti key liye aavedan kiya aur dayeri engineering kaa adhyayan karane kaa vikalp chunaa. unake chaacha, vitt mantri, johnn mathai ney unhein jamaanat dene seey incar curr diyaa. unhein bangalore mein imperial institute off animal husbandry (abb, rashtriya dayeri anusandhaan sansthaan, dakshini station, bengaluru) bheja gayaa thaa, jahan unhone sarkari chhatravritti parr mishigan raajya vishvavidyalaya mein adhyayan karane key liye america bheje jaane seey pahale nau maheene bitaaye they. way 1948 mein paramanu bhautiki mein ack mamuli key saath mechanical engineering (dhaatu vigyaan) mein master degree key saath laute.
baad mein, vaha kahata, "mujhe dayeri engineering kaa adhyayan karane key liye bheja gayaa thaa (kewal sarkari chhatravritti bachee hui haye). halanki maine thodaa dhokha diyaa, aur "dhaatu vigyaan aur paramanu engineering kaa adhyayan kiya, joe merey jald hii swatantra honey vaale desh key liye aur merey liye kaafee spasht roop seey adhik upayogi honey kii sambhavana haye."taba dayeri banaana, aur australia mein, jaba unhone amool dayeri sthaapit karna seekha.
modd.
1949 mein, kurian koo bhaarat sarkaar dwara dayeri vibhaag mein ack adhikaari key roop mein paanch saal kii seva key liye anand, bombe praant (baad mein bombe raajya aur abb 1960 seey gujaraat raajya kaa hissa) mein praayogik creamery key liye bheja gayaa thaa. unhone saptahant parr bombe shahar jaane mein samay bitaaya aur kaam key bahaane, tribhuvandas patel key adim dayeri upkaran key saath swechha seey chhedchhaad kii, jinhone 1946 mein hadtaal key baad kisaanon key doodh koo sansaadhit karane key liye unaki madad maangi, aur paas key kaira (abb khedaa) mein unakaa doodh khareedane key liye ack sahakaari sanstha kaa gathan kiya.
kurian ney sarkari naukari beach mein hii chhodane aur anand chhodane kaa faisala kiya, lekin patel ney unhein chhodane key baad unake saath rahane key liye raaji kiya, aur unhein apani dayeri sahakaari sthaapit karane mein madad kii. kurian ney varsh 1950 mein anand mein dayeri sahakaari, kaira jilaa sahakaari doodh utpaadak sangh limitted (kdcmpul) (aamool-anand doodh utpaad limitted dayeri key roop mein lokpriya) kii sthaapana kii.
kaam karate hain.
dayeri kii neenv aur isaki sanrachana.
kisaanon koo doodh utpaadan mein utaar-chadhaav kii samasya kaa saamana karna padaa kyonki atirikt doodh kaa koee kharidar flush season mein naheen milaa (jaba janwar adhik doodh kaa utpaadan karate hain) aur madad key liye sahakaari sanstha kii or rukh kiya, jahaan atirikt doodh koo doodh key pouder mein badalane kaa prastaav banaaya gayaa thaa. america seey kurian key batchmet aur dayeri engineer aich. aim. daalay, jise unhone ack yatra key baad anand mein vaapas rahane key liye raaji kiya, ney gaay key doodh key bajaay bhains key doodh seey skim doodh pouder aur sanghanit doodh banaane kii prakriya kaa aavishkaar kiya. bhaarat mein bhains kaa doodh bahut adhik thaa, jabaki europe key vipareet gaay key doodh kii aapoorti cumm thee. iss kaaran seey, amool ney doodh key liye pramukh pratiyogi, nesley key khilaf aur baad mein shishu bhojan key liye glaxo key khilaf safaltapurvak pratispardha kii. baad mein jee dwara shodh. aich. willster ney amool mein bhains key doodh seey cheez kaa utpaadan kiya. laagat mein katauti karane key liye, kurian ney dayeri suvidha seey judee ack captive packaging-tinn ikai kii khareed kii.
amool ney gaanvon mein dayeri kisaanon koo sangathit kiya aur bichauliyon koo samaapt karke unhein seedhe bazar mein upbhoktaon seey jodaa, cumm mausam key dauran bhee unake liye ack sthir aur niyamit aaya sunishchit kii, aur badey bajar mein upbhoktaon key liye pratispardhi moolya parr behtar gunavatta vaale utpaad, achchi tarah seey pakki gaanv kii "doodh kii sadaken" aur "colled-chain" parr pahunchane yogya bombe shahar.
raajneetik aur samajik sthitiyaan.
kurian aur unake maargdarshak patel koo kuchh raajneetik netaaon aur naukarshahon kaa samarthan praapt thaa, jinhone apane agrani sahakaari model mein yogyata dekheeh kisan upaj key liye ack saath judane key ichchuk they aur sahakaari key malik honey key saath-saath peshevaron dwara netritva kiye jaane key ichchuk they. bhaarat ney abhee-abhee ack aupaniveshik shakti seey raajneetik swatantrata praapt kii thee, jise netaaon ney fasal kii viphalata seey peedit kisaanon seey anyaaypurna tareeke seey bhoomi curr vasoolate hue dekhaa thaa. usa shasson kii avadhi mein kaee akaal padey they, isaliye netaa aabaadi kii khaadya suraksha koo laker chintit they. ack nae swatantra rashtra key roop mein, apane upbhog kiye gaye utpaadon mein aatmanirbharta praapt karane kii ichcha thee aur ayaat key sthaan parr gharelu utpaadan parr jore diyaa gayaa thaa. isake alawa, yeye rashtravadi netaa poonji parisampattiyon key gathan seey adhik samajik poonji key gathan key samajwadi aadarshon seey prabhaavit they, aur janata dwara utpaadan key gandhiwadi darshan ney sansaadhan-seemit rashtra mein badey paimaane parr utpaadan parr vijay praapt kii. usee samay, naee sarkaar kii neetiyaan aadhunik visheshagyon key kaushal aur seekhane, anusandhaan, takniki kaushal aur baaki duniya seey sahaayata key liye khuli theen.
sahakaari mein pahale kisan sabhi patel key pramukh jaati-samooh seey they, jisane anya jaatiyon key kisaanon key ruchi lene aur bhaag lene seey pahale una sabhi koo jaldi seey ack saath laane mein madad kii. nihit swaarthon key roop mein sthaapit jaati aur varg sanghrshon koo door karane parr seedhe dhyaan kendrit karane key bajaay, patel ney iss vishvaas parr akele kaam kiya kii graameen-samaaj key sabhi vargon key aarthik swarth unhein apane sahakaari koo vikasit karane key liye ack saath jodenge.
samekan.
amool kaa sahakaari dayeri udyam lokpriya hoe gayaa. ganmaanya vyakti, shodhkarta, prashikshu aur aam loga isake baare mein adhik jaanane key liye anand kaa daura karenge. isase pahale, poorv pradhaanmantri jawaharlal nehru ney asia mein sabse badey amool key sanyantra kaa udghaatan karane key liye anand kaa daura kiya thaa aur kurian key abhootpoorv kaary key liye unaki prashansa kii thee.
1956 mein, kurian ney vanijya aur udyog mantri key nimantran parr switzerland mein nesley kaa daura kiya, taaki unhein bhaaratiya utpaadan key ayaat koo cumm karane aur adhik bhaartiyon koo shamil karane key liye kahaa jaa sakey, lekin unhone unhein bataaya kii sanghanit doodh banaana "mool nivaasiyon parr naheen chhoda jaa sakata haye. vaha bhaarat laut aae aur amool key utpaadan aur sanghanit doodh key bajar koo badhaava diyaa; dou saal baad sarkaar ney desh mein sanghanit doodh key ayaat parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. amool koo bhee aayatit makkhan seey gambhir pratispardha kaa saamana karna padaa, vishesh roop seey newzealand seey. kurian parr bharosa karane vaale nehru ney makkhan key ayaat mein katauti kii, kurian ney makkhan kii kamee koo samaapt karane key liye apane utpaadan mein vriddhi kaa vaadaa kiya. 1962 key bhaarat-chean yuddh key dauran, sarkaar senaa koo aapoorti pradaan karane key liye kurian parr nirbhar thee. unhein inhen apane nagrik bajar seey door karna padaa. jaba polson ney apani bajar hissedari hadapana shuru kiya, tou kurian ney yuddh key prayaas key hisse key roop mein sarkaar dwara polson kii utpaadan lines koo jamaana sunishchit kiya.
yeh poore desh mein fail rhaa haye.
1965 mein, pradhaan mantri laal bahadur shastri ney kurian koo dayeri kii anand yojana koo rashtravyapi roop seey doharaane kaa kaam saunpa, jisake liye rashtriya dayeri vikas board (aine. dee. dee. bee.) kii sthaapana kurian kii sharton parr kii gaee thee, kii yeh sarkari niyantran seey swatantra hoe aur ise rajdhani seey door aur kisaanon key karib anand mein sthaapit kiya jaae. kurian rajdhani shaharon mein baithe raajneetik varg aur naukarshahon dwara hastakshep karane key baare mein sachet they, jisase ise pahale seey hii pataa chala jaataa thaa.
sahaayata key liye unhein unicef jaise daandaataon key saath baatchit kii gaee aur unhone newzealand sarkaar aur una deshon mein ack lobby kaa saamana kiya, joe unhein ehsas huaa kii way apani companiyon key liye "sahaayata koo vyaapaar mein badalana" chaahte hain, joe unake bhaarat key aatmanirbhar banane key aadarsh key vipareet thaa. unhone bhaaratiya baajaron mein usa "pahaadon aur jheelon" kii bikri seey praapt aaya kaa upayog shahari kshetron mein uchch upaj vaale deshi maveshiyon kii aavaajaahi koo protsaahit karane aur badey shaharon key dayeri baajaron koo sthir karane key liye desh bhar mein doodhkhaane aur dayeri farm sthaapit karane key liye apane "arab-leater vichaar" key roop mein kiya.
anand dayeri koo gujaraat key aspas key jilon mein dohraya gayaa aur unhone una sabhi koo gujaraat sahakaari doodh vipanan mahasangh limitted key tahat laaya. (jee. see. aim. aim. aff.) 1973 mein apane utpaadon koo ekal amool brand key tahat bechane key liye. kaee raajyon ney iss yojana key aadhar parr apane sanghon kii sthaapana kaa anukaran kiya, jisamen safalata kii alag-alag degree thee, vishesh roop seey karnatak key brand nandini, rajsthan key brand saar aur bihaar key brand sudhaa key saath.
shastri ney dilli doodh yojana kaa prabandhan karane key liye kurian kii madad bhee lii; kurian ney teji seey kimaton koo thheek kiya.
1979 mein, unhone sahakaari samitiyon key liye prabandhakon koo taiyar karane key liye graameen prabandhan sansthaan anand (irma) kii sthaapana kii.
anya nishaanon aur antarrashtriya sahaayata mein hastakshep.
kurian pradhaanmantri indira gaandhi aur rajeev gaandhi key sahakaari samitiyon aur paudhon kii sthaapana key tarikon, falon aur sabjiyon mein indira key hastakshep aur tilhan aur khaadya tail baajaron mein rajeev key hastakshep seey prerit they. inke parinamswarup brand-dhaara (khaana pakaane key telon key liye operation golden flow), madar dayeri (operation flood) aur safal (sabjiyon key liye) aam gharelu naam bunn gaye hain.
kurian poore bhaarat aur usase baahar isi tarah kii sahakaari samitiyon kii sthaapana mein mahatvapurna thaa. 1979 mein, premiere alexei kosigin ney kurian koo apani sahakaari samitiyon parr salah key liye soviyat sangh mein aamantrit kiya. 1982 mein, pakistan ney unhein dayeri sahakaari samitiyon kii sthaapana key liye aamantrit kiya, jahan unhone vishva baink mission kaa netritva kiya. 1989 key aspas, chean ney kurian aur vishva khaadya karyakram kii madad seey apana khud kaa operation baadh jaisa karyakram lagu kiya. poorv pradhaanmantri narsimha raav ney padosi srilanka mein ack dayeri sahakaari sthaapit karane key liye unaki madad maangi, jise baad mein 1997 mein aine. dee. dee. bee. key sahyog seey kiya gayaa thaa.
bajar kaa varchasva aur usake baad.
1990 key dashak mein unhone bahurashtriya companiyon koo dayeri vyavasaay mein pravesh karane seey rokane key liye kadee mehnat kii, jabaki dashakon kii suraksha key baad desh ney apane anya sabhi baajaron koo unake liye khol diyaa. bhaarat 1998 taka duniya kaa sabse badaa doodh utpaadak bunn gayaa, jisane sanyukt raajya america koo peechhe chhod diyaa, jisamen vaishvik utpaadan kaa lagbhag 17 pratishat 2010-2011 thaa.
1998 mein, unhone poorv pradhaanmantri atal bihaari vajpayee koo aine. dee. dee. bee. mein apane uttaradhikari key roop mein amrita patel koo niyukt karane key liye raaji kiya, jinhen unhone sarkari naukarshahon koo pada seey door rakhane aur aine. dee. dee. bee. kii sarkaar seey swatantrata kii raksha karane key liye unake adheen taiyar kiya thaa. baad mein, desh key sahakaari sansthanon koo kamjor karane kii keemat parr nigameekaran aur pratispardha key madhyam seey kewal utpaadan aur upaj lakshyon parr dhyaan kendrit karke-sahakaari dayeri key disha mein vaha kyaa curr rahee thee, iss parr unake saath matbhed they. udaaharan key liye, vipanan abb kisaanon kii sahakaari samitiyon key paas naheen reh gayaa haye aur ise niji yaa corporate hiton koo saunp diyaa jaa rhaa haye, kyonki iska matlab hoga kii upbhoktaon dwara bhugtan kii jaane vaali keemat, unhein dee jaane vaali upaj kii gunavatta nirdhaarit karane kii kshamata koo purvagaami karna, aur inn nigamon koo upabhokta dwara bhugtan kiye gaye dhana kaa "shher kaa hissa" khona.
unhone 2006 mein jee. see. aim. aim. aff. key adhyaksh key pada seey istifa dey diyaa, jaba shaasi board mein nae sadasyon kaa samarthan cumm hoe gayaa aur unake aashriton (kuchh ney unake kaary naitikta koo tanashah key roop mein sandarbhit kiya) seey asahamati jataai, jise sahakaari dayeri key jilaa sanghon mein pravesh karane key liye hatash raajneetik taakton dwara samarthit kiya gayaa.
unhein tribhuvandas foundation kii adhyakshata saunpi gaee-khedaa jile mein mahilaaon aur baal swaasthya parr kaam karane key liye ack ngo, tribhuvandas patel dwara, kyonki videshi anudan praapt karane key baad trust teji seey badhane lagaa.
amool samooh jee. see. aim. aim. aff. parr niyantran koo laker adalat mein lagaatar vivaad rhaa haye.
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
film nirmaata shyam benegal amool parr adharit ack kahani "manthan" (hindu pauranik kathaaon mein "doodh mahasagar kaa manthan") banaana chaahte they, lekin unake paas dhana kii kamee thee. kurian ney apane aadhe million sadasya-kisaanon koo film banaane key liye dou rupaye kaa yogdan dene key liye praapt kiya, joe 1976 mein release hui thee. kaee kisan "unaki film" dekhane aae aur ise boxes offices parr safal banaa diyaa, jisane vitarakon koo ise rashtravyapi darshakon key liye release karane key liye protsaahit kiya. 2005 mein, unhone "aaee too haiv aaa dream" pustak likhi, joe bhaarat mein kisaanon key sashaktikaran aur doodh sahakaari samitiyon key vikas key baare mein ack kathaa haye, jiska audio sanskaran atul bhide dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa.
"manthan" kii safalata ney kurian koo ack aur vichaar key saath prerit kiya. ack pashu chikitsak, ack doodh technician aur ack chaara visheshagya kisaanon koo apani sahakaari samitiyaan banaane key liye manaane key liye film key saath vaastavik jeevan mein desh key anya hisson kaa daura karenge. yuu. dee. pee. ney lattin america mein isi tarah kii sahakaari samitiyon koo shuru karane key liye film kaa upayog kiya aur ise africa mein pradarshit kiya.
kurian kaa samarthan "amool gerl" vigyaapan abhiyaan koo sabse lambe samay taka chalane vaale vigyapanon mein seey ack banaane mein mahatvapurna thaa, aur "surbhi", bhaaratiya sanskriti parr ack tv shrinkhala haye joe darshakon seey laakhon postcard praapt karati haye, joe 1990 key dashak key dauran rashtriya television parr sabse lambe samay taka chalane vaale vigyapanon mein seey ack haye.
2013 mein, amar chitra kathaa ney haasya pustak "vargeez kuriyanah dha maine vid dha billion leater idea" prakaashit kii. pustak koo dow. kii kahani kaa saransh diyaa gayaa thaa. kurian amool kii kahani haye.
mrityu.
kurian kii 90 varsh kii ayu mein 9 sitambar 2012 koo anand key paas ack nadiyad aspatal mein ack bimari seey mrityu hoe gaee. unaki patni, mauli ney anand mein agantukon kii mejbani kii. kurian koo naastik banane seey pahale ack isai key roop mein paalaa gayaa thaa. unakaa antim sanskar kiya gayaa aur unake parivaar mein ack betty, nirmala aur potaa hain.
puraskar aur sammaan.
2014 mein, bhaaratiya dayeri sangh key saath desh key sabhi pramukh dayeri samoohon ney kurian key janmadin, 26 navambar koo rashtriya doodh divas key roop mein manaane kaa sankalp liya. unhein mishigan raajya vishvavidyalaya aur swedish krishi vigyaan vishvavidyalaya dwara maanad upaadhiyan pradaan kii gaee theen.
kurian yaa tou pramukh they yaa kaee saarvajanik sansthanon key board mein they aur duniya bhar key vishvavidyalayon seey maanad doctorate kii degree praapt kii. unake kaary key madhyam seey "dayeri kshetra seey sabak" koo lagu karane key liye, jaise kii "daalon key liye ack amool model", graameen bhaarat key samajik sangathan key liye prabandhan ranneetiyon koo paarit karane key liye, yaa unake kaam kaa upayog dhana jutaane aur "nyaay key saath vikas" koo badhaava dene key liye, prakhyaat vaktaaon dwara unake smaran mein vyakhyan aayojit kiye jaate hain. kurian koo laal aur safed jeevan bhar kii uplabdhiyon key rashtriya puraskar (abb godfrey phillips bahaduri puraskar key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) seey bhee sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.