
westminster patthar siddhant

westminster patthar siddhant kuchh itihaskaron aur vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii joe patthar paaramparik roop seey rajyabhishek kii kursi key neeche rahata haye, vaha bhaagya kaa sachcha patthar naheen haye, balki 13veen shatabdi kaa vikalp haye. choonki usa samay seey kursi westminster mathh mein sthit haye, iss siddhant key anuyaayiyon ney 'vaastavik' patthar (kabhi-kabhi scone key patthar key roop mein sandarbhit) key saath bhram seey bachane key liye 'westminster patthar' sheershak banaaya haye.
iss siddhant key sabse mukhar prastavakon mein seey ack lekhak aur itihaaskaar nigel trenter they, jinhone apani gair-kaalpanik pustakon aur aitihaasik upanyason mein lagaatar siddhant prastut kiya. james aiss sahit anya itihaskaron ney yeh vichaar rakhaa haye. richardson, joe beesavin shatabdi key madhya mein pracheen smarakon key nireekshak they. richardson ney iss vishay parr ack monograph taiyar kiya.
bhaagya key patthar kaa itihas.
bhaagya kaa patthar scotland key raajaon kaa paaramparik rajyabhishek patthar thaa aur usase pahale, daal riyata key raajaa. kinvadantiyaan ise sant kolumba key saath jodati hain, joe ise ireland seey ack portable vedi key roop mein laae honge. 574 esvi mein, jaba kolumba ney edan koo daal riyata key raajaa key roop mein abhishikt kiya aur taaj pahanaaya, tou patthar kaa upayog rajyabhishek kursi key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa.
bhaagya kaa patthar scotish celtic church key paaramparik mukhyalaya, aayan key bhikshuon dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa, jaba taka kii wiking redding ney unhein mukhya bhoomi mein sthanantarit naheen kiya, pahale dunkled, athol aur phir scone karane key liye. yahaan iska upayog rajyabhishek mein scotish raajatva key prateek key roop mein kiya jaataa rhaa.
edward aaee aur patthar.
scotland koo jeetane key apane prayason mein, ingland key edward pratham ney 1296 mein ack senaa key pramukh parr aakraman kiya. barwick koo barkhast karna, dunbar mein scots koo maarnaa, aur edinberg mahal kii gherabandi karna, edward phir scone karane key liye aage badhaa, niyati kaa patthar lene kaa irada rakhate hue, jise scone abby mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. unhone pahale seey hii edinberg seey scotish rajchinh leey liya thaa, jisamen sant margaret kaa kaalaa chhat kaa avashesh shamil thaa, lekin scott key liye itani keemati vastu koo jabt karna, aur unaki swatantrata kaa prateek, ack antim upman hoga. vaha ise westminster abby mein vaapas leey gayaa. ise ingland key simhaasan key bheetar rakhane seey, unake paas adhipatya key apane daave kaa ack shaktishali prateek thaa. yeh vaha patthar haye joe 1996 taka westminster mein baithaa thaa, jaba ise scotland mein vaapas curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
pratisthaapan.
westminster patthar key siddhant key anusaar, joe patthar edward hataaya gayaa thaa, vaha bhaagya kaa vaastavik patthar naheen thaa, balki ack vikalp thaa. angreji senaa 1296 key madhya march mein scotish seema parr thee aur juuna taka scone taka naheen pahunchi thee. edward key aagaman kaa anuman lagaane key liye teen maheene key saath, mool avashesh kii raksha key liye ack switch karane key liye paryaapt samay aur protsaahan thaa. iss tarah key pratisthaapan koo scone key mathadhish dwara uksaayaa jaa sakata thaa, joe sanrakshak key roop mein khadaa thaa. isaliye 'bhaagya kaa patthar' koo suraksha key sthaan parr leey jaaya jaa sakata thaa, aur edward koo balua patthar key ack alag tukade key saath dhokha diyaa jaa sakata thaa.
asli patthar' koo chhipaaen.
vaastavik patthar' key sambhaavit vishram sthaan key baare mein kaee siddhant hain, joe taarkik katauti seey prerit hain aur kuchh mamalon mein, kaalpanik, ichchapurna soch.
nigel trenter kaa maanana thaa kii asli patthar mool roop seey scone key mathadhish dwara chhipa huaa thaa, aur antatah robert dha broose dwara ongus og mack domnil kii dekhbhal key liye saunpa gayaa thaa. ongus ney ise apane mool sankaron mein chhipa diyaa, jahan shayed patthar banaa huaa haye.
ack kinvadanti mein darj haye kii asli patthar koo ongus og key rakh-rakhaav mein diye jaane key baad, isaki rakhwali usa kabile kii shakha mein chully gaee joe sleet mein buss gayaa thaa. iss rekha key ack vanshaj, see. ian alasdair mcdonald ney trenter koo likhaa, yeh daavaa karate hue kii vaha abb patthar kaa sanrakshak thaa, joe skye parr chhipa huaa thaa.
saboot.
pratisthaapan key liye tark.
19 navambar koo, dunsinan-house key paschimi mukhya bhaagon seey sambandhit naukaron key roop mein, khandharon key beach kii khudai seey pattharon koo leey jaane mein kaaryarat they joe yahaan mcbeth key mahal key sthal koo ingit karate hain, jameen kaa ack hissa jiss parr way khade they, achaanak raasta dey diyaa, aur lagbhag chhah feat neeche doob gaye, lagbhag chhah feat lamba aur chaar chauda niyamit roop seey nirmit tahakhaane kii khoj kii. jaba unhein khandharon key beach ack badaa patthar milaa, jiska vajan lagbhag 500 leater thaa, tou unamen seey koee bhee ghayal naheen huaa, jigyasa ney unhein bhoomigat khaali sthaan koo saaf karane key liye prerit kiya. jise ulkapind yaa ardh-dhaatu prakaar kaa kahaa jaataa haye. yeh patthar mcbeth key shasankal key baad seey yugon kii lambi shrinkhala key dauran yahaan padaa hoga. isake alawa dou goal goliyaan bhee millie theen, joe kansya seey milati-julati theen. inn dou panktiyon mein seey ack parr utkeern kiya gayaa haye, jise ack sajjan ney iss prakaar samajhaaya haye.- 'raajya kaa sconus (yaa chhaaya) aataa haye, jaba taka kii havaa mein sylph mujhe phir seey bethel mein naheen leey jaate.'yeye platein hathiyaron key liye lakshyon key aankade pradarshit karati hain. [.]..] yahaan key jigyasu, aisee paramparaon seey avagat hain, aur jinhone pracheen kaal key inn poojaniya avasheshon koo dekhaa haye, iss baat seey sahmat hain kii mcbeth ney, yaa tou, apane mahal key nichale hisse mein, duncinnon kii pahaadi (samay kii pareshani seey) parr, jahan yeh shramikon dwara paaya gayaa haye, patthar koo jamaa kiya hoga. iss jigyasu patthar koo isaki vaastavik gunavatta kii khoj karane key liye vaigyaanik shaukiya key nireekshan key liye landan key liye bhej diyaa gayaa haye.
pratisthaapan key khilaf tark.
westminster patthar key siddhant koo kaee itihaskaron yaa patthar kii dekhbhal key liye jimmedaar logon dwara sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa haye. iss siddhant key khilaf kaee majboot tark hain.
doosara siddhaantah 1950 kaa pratisthaapan.
chrismus divas 1950 parr, westminster patthar koo chaar scotish chhatron dwara mathh seey liya gayaa thaa. yeh aprail 1951 taka chhipa rhaa, jaba ack patthar arbroth mathh mein chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. kuchh loga anuman lagaate hain kii yeh patthar mathh seey liya gayaa naheen haye, balki kewal ack prati haye.
arbroth mein bachaa huaa patthar kshatigrast hoe gayaa thaa, kyonki rajyabhishek kursi seey hataae jaane parr westminster patthar aadhe mein toot gayaa thaa, lekin glassgo stonemeson robbert gray dwara marammat kii gaee thee. haalaanki, gray ney 1930 key dashak mein patthar kii pratikritiyaan banaain theen, aur baad mein yeh ghoshana karke atkalon koo aur badhaava diyaa kii unhein naheen pataa thaa kii kaun saa patthar landan vaapas bheja gayaa thaa kyonki "chaaron or itani saaree pratiyaan padee theen.
iss paridrishya koo dundy mein sent kolumba key parrish church mein rakhee gaee ack pattika seey samarthan praapt hotaa haye, joe 1972 mein 'bellie robert gray' dwara unhein diye gaye 'stone off scone' key sthal koo chihnit karane kaa daavaa kartaa haye.
gray dwara patthar key prati dikhaae gaye spasht anadar aur chhatron koo nigel trenter dwara samajhaaya jaataa haye, jinake paas gyaan kaa kuchh daavaa thaa, kyonki chhatron ney patthar koo hataane key baad unhein ack madhyasth key roop mein kaary karane key liye kahaa thaa. trenter ney baad mein kahaa kii gray ney westminster patthar key ander ack nott daala, jaba isaki marammat kii gaee, iss prabhaav key liye kii yeh 'kissy key liye bhee moolya key puraane laal balua patthar kaa ack block' thaa, halanki anya reports mein kahaa gayaa haye kii gray ney kabhi bhee nott mein joe kahaa thaa uska khulasa naheen kiya.
haalaanki, 1940 key dashak mein, british bhoovaigyaanik sarvekshan ney patthar kaa sarvekshan kiya thaa jaba rajyabhishek kursi parr sanrakshan kaary chala rhaa thaa. fault line key saath-saath patthar kii satah key kaee nishan aur visheshtaen dekhi gaee theen. isase lauti gaee vastu kii pramanikta kaa satyapan kiya jaa sakaa.
1973 mein grih karyalaya pulis vaigyaanik vikas shakha dwara aayojit ack scanrey pariksha ney 'teen dhaatu kii chhad aur saaket kii upasthiti kii pushti kii, ack anya dou key samkon parr thaa. isase yeh bhee sanket milaa kii marammat kiye gaye westminster patthar koo vaapas curr diyaa gayaa thaa, naa kii pratikriti.

