
sakshya kaa daman

sakshya kaa daman ack aisaa shabd haye jiska upayog sanyukt raajya kii kanuni pranali mein mukadame mein sakshya koo dikhaae jaane seey rokane key kanuni yaa gairkaanooni kaary kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. yeh kaee karanon seey hoe sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, yadi koee nyayadhish maanata haye kii prashn mein sakshya avaidh roop seey praapt kiya gayaa thaa, tou nyayadhish yeh nirnay dey sakata haye kii ise adalat mein naheen dikhaaya jaayega. yeh ack abhiyojak koo anuchit roop seey yaa jaanboojhkar saboot chhipaane key liye bhee sandarbhit curr sakata haye joe unake mamle (joe huaa uska unakaa siddhant) key saath naheen jaataa haye aur nyayadhish yaa juurii koo sujhaav yaa saabit curr sakata haye kii prativaadi doshi naheen haye yaa vaha kanuni roop seey prativaadi koo dikhaane key liye baadhya haye. baad key mamle mein, yeh sanyukt raajya key samvidhaan mein 5vein sanshodhan kaa ullanghan hoga. peshevar aacharan key aeye. bee. aeye. model niyamon key niyam 3.8 key anusaar abhiyojakon koo "sabhi sakshya yaa jaankaari key bachaav key liye samay parr khulasa karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe aaropi key aparaadh koo nakaartaa haye yaa aparaadh koo cumm kartaa haye."(yeh sabhi raajyon key liye naheen haye.) isake parinamswarup baad key mamle mein galat sunavaai hoe sakati haye aur/yaa abhiyojak koo barkhast kiya jaa sakata haye.
sanyukt raajya america kaa kaanoon.
sanyukt raajya america mein, daman kaa prastaav bahishkaran niyam seey utpann hotaa haye. yuu key roop mein.aiss. sarvocch nyayalaya ney simmons banaam mein kahaa. sanyukt raajyah "anuchit khojon aur jabti seey swatantrata kii chauthe sanshodhan kii guaranti koo prabhaavi banaane key liye, iss adalat ney bahut pahale sanghiya abhiyojan mein prativaadiyon koo, prastaav aur saboot parr, mukadame key sakshya seey baahar rakhane kaa adhikaar pradaan kiya thaa, joe ack gairkaanooni khoj aur jabti key madhyam seey surakshit kiya gayaa thaa."
kyonki yeh anuchit khojon aur dauron seey surakshit rahane key adhikaar mein adharit haye, ack vyakti koo sabooton koo dabaane key liye aage badhane key liye khadaa honah chaahiye. dusare shabdon mein, aggar kissy aur kii gopaniyata kaa ullanghan kiya gayaa thaa tou avaidh khoj dwara praapt sakshya parr koee apatti naheen curr sakata haye.
sanghiya star parr, daman kaa prastaav aaparaadhik prakriya key sanghiya niyamon key niyam 41 (aich) mein nirdhaarit kiya gayaa haye.

