
chean key liye sanyukt raajya america kii adalat

chean key liye sanyukt raajya america kii adalat ack sanyukt raajya jilaa adalat thee jiska yuu parr baahari adhikaar kshetra thaa.aiss. chean mein nagrik. yeh 1906 seey 1943 taka astitva mein thaa aur nagrik aur aaparaadhik mamalon mein adhikaar kshetra thaa, jisamen yuu. aiss. mein appeal kii gaee thee.aiss. saine francisco mein nauvein circuit key liye appeal kii adalat.
nyayalaya kii sthaapana seey pahale rajanyik nyayalaya.
chean mein baahari adhikaar kshetra pahali baar 1845 mein anusamarthan parr wangia kii sandhi dwara sanyukt raajya koo diyaa gayaa thaa, jisake baad 1860 mein tientin kii sandhi kii pushti hui thee.
sandhiyon key tahat, hamaare nagrikon key khilaf mamalon kii sunavaai americi rajanyik adalaton mein kii gaee, jabaki cheeni nagrikon key khilaf mamalon kii sunavaai cheeni adalaton mein kii gaee. vanijya dutaavaason koo nimnalikhit mamalon mein adhikaar kshetra thaah
aayukt key paas sabhi mamalon koo sunane kaa adhikaar kshetra thaa, aur vaha vanijya dutaavaason key paalan key liye nagrik aur aaparaadhik prakriya key niyam nirdhaarit curr sakata thaa.
nyayalaya kii sthaapana.
adalat kii sthaapana 1906 mein chean key liye ack sanyukt raajya adalat banaane key adhiniyam dwara kii gaee thee. adalat kii sanrachana chean aur core key liye british sarvocch nyayalaya key samaan thee jise 1865 mein shanghai mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
adalat kaa mukhyalaya mool roop seey shanghai antarrashtriya basti mein huangpu road parr americi vanijya dutawas kii imarat mein thaa, jisamen cumm seey cumm salana cheeni shaharon canton, tientin aur hanco mein atirikt satra aayojit kiye jaate they. adalat americi vanijya dutawas key saath taba sthanantarit hui jaba vanijya dutawas koo varsh 1911,1930 aur 1936 mein apane pichhale parisar seey sthanantarit kiya gayaa thaa.
adalat mein kewal ack purnakaalik nyayadhish thaa, aur jinn parr mukadama chala rhaa thaa, unhein kabhi-kabhi kaaryavaahi key liye maheenon intezar karna padata thaa. 1930 key dashak mein, vishesh nyayadhishon kii niyukti kii anumati dene key liye kaanoon mein sanshodhan kiya gayaa thaa, jisase nyayadhish kii anupasthiti mein mukadame koo aage badhaane kii anumati millie. nauvein circuit key liye sanyukt raajya kii appeal adalat mein appeal kii anumati dee gaee thee.
yuu.aiss. chean mein rajanyik adalaton ney seemit adhikaar kshetra koo barkarar rakhaa, jisamen nagrik mamle shamil hain jahaan vivaad mein shamil sampatti 500 dollar seey adhik naheen thee aur aaparaadhik mamle jahaan jurmana yaa 60 dinon key karawas mein sajaa 100 dollar seey adhik naheen thee. adalat ney una parr apeeliya adhikaar kshetra kaa prayog kiya, saath hii 1910 taka jaba japan ney koria, us consular court koo koria mein shamil curr liya.
nyayshastra.
adalat key adhikaar kshetra koo ack vistrit vyakhya dee gaee theeh
adalat dwara banaae gaye kaanoon key srot kaafee bhinn theh
samanya kaanoon" key gathan key baare mein sawal gambhir kathinaaiyon kaa kaaran banaa, kyonki yuu.aiss. sanghiya kaanoon mein kaee aaparaadhik aparaadh yaa nagrik mamle shamil naheen they (joe aam taur parr yuu dwara pradaan kiye jaate they.aiss. raajya kaanoon). nauvein paripath ney "biddle vee" key mamle mein iss paheli kaa samadhan pradaan kiya. sanyukt raajya america, "jahan yeh abhinirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa kii alaska key kshetra yaa kolambiya key jile key kaanoon sanghiya kaanoon they aur adalat dwara lagu kiye jaa sakate they. parinamswarup, nyayadhish lobbinger ney baad mein kahaa kii "usa siddhant koo aadhe tareeke seey apanaaya naheen jaa sakata haye; isamen aise sabhi kaanoon yaa koee naheen shamil hain. ise taarkik roop seey kissy vishesh varg key karyon taka seemit naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh nagrik kaanoonon parr utanaa hii lagu hotaa haye jitna kii aaparaadhik parr; utanaa hii jitna prakriya key sambandh mein nigamon key sambandh mein 'aavashyak'."
adalat ney prakriyaon kaa paalan karane key liye apane swayam key niyam nirdhaarit kiye. yeh raajyon kii sthiti key vipareet thaa, jahaan kaanoon mein kaarravaai mein nagrik prakriya (i.ee., maudrik nuksan key liye adhikansh mukadame) yuu mein.aiss. sanghiya adalaton koo aam taur parr raajya kaanoon dwara 1872 key anuroopata adhiniyam key aadhar parr, 1938 mein nagrik prakriya key sanghiya niyamon kii ghoshana taka pradaan kiya gayaa thaa.
sanyukt raajya congress ney bhee adalat koo vishisht shaktiyaan pradaan karane vaale kaee qaanoon paarit kieh
adalat kii muhar.
adalat kii sthaapana karane vaale adhiniyam mein yeh praavdhaan kiya gayaa haih "chean key liye sanyukt raajya america kii adalat kii muhar sanyukt raajya america kii bhujaaen hongi, joe aadhe dollar key aakar key steel key ack golakar tukade parr utkeern hongi, inn shabdon key saath 'chean key liye sanyukt raajya america kii adalat kii muhar' key antar mein honge. muhar kaa upayog adalat dwara jaari sabhi ritt, prakriyaon aur anya dastavejon koo seal karane key liye kiya jaanaa thaa.
karawas.
jinn logon koo aaparaadhik apraadhon key liye apekshaakrit cumm sajaa millie thee, unhein yaa tou vanijya dutawas mein rajanyik gull mein yaa yaa ward road gull yaa amoy road gull mein kaid kiya gayaa thaa, donon hii shanghai nagar parishad dwara sanchaalit they. lambe samay taka sajaa kaat rahey logon koo phillippeans mein billybid jail bheja gayaa thaa aur baad mein 1920 key dashak seey aam taur parr washington raajya mein mcneil dweep parr sanghiya jail mein unaki sajaa kaatane key liye bheja gayaa thaa.
unmoolan.
prashant yuddh kii shuruat mein 8 disambar, 1941 koo shanghai mein sanyukt raajya america key vanijya dutawas aur adalat parr japaniyon kaa kabja thaa. nyayadhish aur anya karmchaariyon koo vaapas bheje jaane seey pahale 6 maheene key liye nazarband kiya gayaa thaa.
amerikiyon ney chean key una hisson mein baahari adhikaaron kaa anand lena jaari rakhaa, jinn parr japaniyon kaa kabja naheen thaa. 11 janwari, 1943 koo yuu.aiss. aur chean ney chean mein baahari adhikaaron koo chhodane key liye sandhi parr hastakshar kiye, jisase sabhi yuu koo tyag diyaa gayaa.aiss. baahya adhikaar. sandhi koo sanyukt raajya senate dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa aur 20 maee, 1943 koo lagu huaa. isake parinamswarup, donon yuu.aiss. chean aur yuu key liye adalat.aiss. chean mein rajanyik adalaton koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, unake nirnay chean key bheetar nyaay key roop mein kaam karate rahey.
adalat key samaksh antim mamle kii sunavaai 14 janwari 1943 seey shuru hui thee. vishesh nyayadhish bertrand ee key samaksh flying tiger key botter carney parr maanav vadh key liye mukadama chalaaya gayaa thaa. johnson. carney koo gairkaanooni hatyaa kaa doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur dou saal key karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee. unhein 6 maheene baad rashtrapati franklin dee. dwara maaf curr diyaa gayaa thaa. roozvelt.
nyayadhish.
vishesh nyayadhish.
jaba nyayadhish upalabdh naheen they tou mamalon kii sunavaai key liye dou vyaktiyon koo adalat key vishesh nyayadhish bhee niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. way theh
ullekhaniya vakeel.
nimnalikhit attorney off nott koo adalat key samaksh abhyaas karane key liye sweekaar kiya gayaa thaah