
petter mladenov

petter toshev mladenov (; 22 agast 1936-31 maee 2000) ack bulgarian communist rajanyik aur rajneta they. way 1989 seey 1990 taka bulgarian janvaadi ganarajya key antim netaa they, aur 1990 mein bulgarian ganarajya key pahale rashtrapati they.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
mladenov kaa janm 22 agast 1936 koo vidin praant key toshevtsi gaanv mein ack kisan parivaar mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa 1944 mein kaarravaai mein maare gaye ack fasiwadi virodhi pakshapaati they.
carrier.
mladenov ney 1969 seey 1971 taka vidin praant mein party kii samiti key pahale sachiv key roop mein kaary kiya. vaha polit beuro mein shamil hoe gaye aur 1971 mein videsh mantri baney, 18 varshon taka usa pada parr rahey. usee varsh way rashtriya vidhansabha key liye chune gaye. vaha lambe samay taka netaa rahey todor jhivkov key sabse karibi sahyogiyon mein seey ack they.
zivkov key ukhaad fenkane mein bhoomika.
1980 key dashak key dauran, vaha mikhail gorbachev key sudhaar prayason kii or aakarshit hue. unhone purvi gutt mein sabse aparivartit deshon mein seey ack key roop mein bulgaria kii chhavi koo badalane kaa mauka dekhaa. maee 1989 mein, jhivkov ney bulgaria key adhikansh jaatiya turkon koo nishkaasit karane kaa adesh diyaa. yeh lagbhag sarvasammati seey antarrashtriya ninda laaya. mladenov, jinhen adhikansh antarrashtriya shikaayaten darj karani padee theen, vishesh roop seey pareshan they kyonki nishkasana ney ack antarrashtriya manvadhikar samjhaute kaa ullanghan kiya thaa jiss parr unhone chaar maheene pahale hastakshar kiye they.
raksha mantri dobri dajhurov, pradhaan jiyorgi atanasov aur vitt mantri andreya lukanov sahit kaee anya sheersh adhikaari bhee nishkasana koo laker jhivkov seey naraj they. mladenov key saath, unhone jhivkov koo ukhaad fenkane kii sajish shuru curr dee. halanki lukanov ney adhikansh sangathanaatmak kaam kiya, lekin yeh nirnay liya gayaa kii mladenov party key nae netaa honge. vaarshik yuddh sandhi shikhar sammelan mein, vaha mikhail gorbachev seey mille aur jhivkov koo hataane key liye unakaa maun samarthan praapt kiya.
octuber 1989 mein, mladenov ney 35-rashtron kaa paryaavaran sammelan aayojit kiya aur bulgarian engo ecoglassnost koo bhaag lene key liye aamantrit kiya. sammelan key duss dinon mein, kaee paaristhitiki sadasyon koo zivkov key adesh parr darzavna sigarnost (gupt pulis) aur milicia dwara peeta gayaa. jaba mladenov koo isake baare mein pataa chalaa, tou unhone faisala kiya kii zivkov koo jaanaa hoga.
24 octuber koo mladenov ney videsh mantri key roop mein istifa dey diyaa. unakaa istifa patra jhivkov key desh parr shasson karane key tareeke kii teekhi ninda thee. yeh sandeh karate hue kii jhivkov usey maarne kii koshish curr sakata haye, usane patra kii ack prati poore polit beuro key saath-saath gorbachev koo bhee bhej dee. 9 navambar koo, chean kii yatra seey lautane key thheek baad, mladenov aur unake sahyogiyon ney jhivkov koo istifa dene key liye raaji kiya (fansi kii dhamki key tahat), joe unhone agale dinn kiya. mladenov koo taba party key mahasachiv aur raajya parishad key adhyaksh key roop mein zivkov key puraane padon key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. baad vaalaa pada rashtrapati key barabar thaa.
anya purvi gutt sarkaaron koo ukhaad fenkate hue, mladenov ney oopar seey badalaav laane kii ummeed mein ack adhik khuli sarkari neeti shuru kii. desh key netaa key roop mein kendriya samiti koo apane pahale sambodhan mein, unhone kahaa kii arthavyavastha aur raajneetik mahaul donon key punargathan kaa koee vikalp naheen thaa, joe apane pichhale roopon mein "sabhi kshetron mein hamaare samaaj mein viklang pragati" thee. unhone bulgaria koo "ack aadhunik, loktaantrik aur vaidh desh" banaane key liye apani pratibaddhata bhee vyakt kii. usa uddeshya key liye, unhone yeh bataaya kii unhone swatantra chunaavon, vidhaayika aur anya sudhaaron key liye ack badee bhoomika kaa samarthan kiya.
mladenov key sudhaaron key vaadon key bavjood, loga adhik swatantrata kii maang key liye lagbhag harr dinn sadakon parr utar aae. apariharya key saamane jhukate hue, 11 disambar koo mladenov ney party netaaon koo ack rashtriya star parr prasaarit bhaashan mein ghoshana kii kii communist party koo shasson karane key apane guaranteekrit adhikaar koo chhodana hoga. unhone kahaa kii raajya mein bee. see. pee. kii sthiti koo abb "prashaasnik roop seey ghoshit" naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, balki ise "logon key vishvaas seey" arjit kiya jaanaa thaa. usa anta taka, mladenov ney ghoshana kii kii bee. see. pee. koo "bahudaliya pranali key siddhant koo apnana hoga. unhone 1990 key vasant taka bahudaliya chunaavon kaa bhee ahwan kiya. teen dinn baad, 14 disambar koo-usee dinn jaba jhivkov koo party seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa-bee. see. pee. kii kendriya samiti ney rashtriya sabhaa seey jhivkov samvidhaan key praavdhaanon koo hataane key liye kahaa joe isaki pramukh bhoomika koo sthaapit kartaa haye. kendriya samiti ney vasant mein jaldi chunaav karaane kaa bhee samarthan kiya. way chunaav juuna 1990 mein hue they.
loktantra mein parivartan.
bulgaria mein saamyavaadi shasson koo samaapt karane kaa antim kanuni kadam 2 janwari 1990 koo aaya; jaba rashtriya sabhaa ney anuchhed 1 koo hataane key liye samvidhaan mein sanshodhan kiya, joe saamyavaadi party kii pramukh bhoomika koo sthaapit kartaa thaa. haalaanki, sabhi uddeshyon aur uddeshyon key liye, saamyavaadi shasson ack maheene pahale samaapt hoe gayaa thaa jaba kendriya samiti ney aupchaarik roop seey shasson karane key apane guaranteekrit adhikaar kaa tyag curr diyaa thaa.
2 farwari koo, agami chunaavon seey pahale party kii chhavi badalane key prayaas mein, mahasachiv key karyalaya koo party adhyaksh key karyalaya dwara badal diyaa gayaa thaa. mladenov party key netaa key roop mein khade hoe gaye aur alekjendar lilov koo nayaa karyalaya lene key liye chunaa gayaa. party netaa key roop mein mladenov key istife ney sarkaar mein party key hastakshep key kalank koo hataa diyaa. 3 aprail koo raajya parishad koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa aur ack karyakari adhyakshata dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. rashtriya vidhansabha dwara mladenov koo iss pada key pahale dhaarak key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa.
aprail 1990 mein, communist party ney khud koo ack paschimi shally kii samajik loktaantrik party, bulgarian samajwadi party key roop mein punargathit kiya.
disambar 1989 mein sarkaar virodhi pradarshan key khilaf kathit roop seey tankon key upayog kaa sujhaav dene key baad julaai 1990 mein mladenov ney rashtrapati key roop mein istifa dey diyaa, itihas mein iss vakyansh key saath ack sthaan hassil kiya kii 'tank behtar aae they' (). unhone 1990 key chunaav mein bhaag naheen liya aur badey paimaane parr saarvajanik jeevan seey sevaanivritt hoe gaye.
mrityu.
mladenov ney 1986 mein huston mein ack hriday bipass kiya, jisase aaney vaale varshon mein unakaa swaasthya kamjor hoe gayaa. 31 maee 2000 koo sofiya mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.

