
polland kaa cinema

polland mein cinema kaa itihas lagbhag cinematography key itihas jitna lamba haye, aur isane saarvbhaumik roop seey uplabdhiyon koo maanyata dee haye, bhale hii kaee anya europeeya deshon kii filmon kii tulanaa mein polish filmein cumm vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh houn.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, communist sarkaar ney ack nirmaata-adharit rashtriya cinema kaa nirmaan kiya, saikadon nae nirdeshakon koo prashikshit kiya aur unhein filmein banaane key liye sashakt banaaya. roman polansky, chrystophe kislovsky, agnisca holland, aurazej vajda, aurazej zulawski, aurazej munk aur georgy skolimovsky jaise film nirmaataon ney polish film nirmaan key vikas koo prabhaavit kiya. haal key varshon mein, udyog nirmaata-netritva mein rhaa haye aur vitt ack film banaane kii kunji haye, aur sabhi shailiyon key kaee swatantra film nirmaataon key saath, polish nirmaan americi film seey adhik prerit hotey hain.
itihas.
praarambhik itihas.
pahala cinema 1899 mein ladge mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, cinematograph key aavishkaar key kaee saal baad. shuru mein ise "leaving pictures theatre" kahaa jaataa thaa, isane bahut lokpriyata hassil kii aur agale dashak key anta taka polland key lagbhag harr pramukh shahar mein cinemaghar they. yakinan pahale polish film nirmaata casemeres prozinsky they, jinhone varsau mein vibhinn laghu vrittachitra filmaae they. unake plograph film cameray koo lumier bhaaiyon key aavishkaar seey pahale patent kiya gayaa thaa aur unhein "slizgaka va lazienkach" ("shaahi snan mein skating-rink") naamak sabse puraane jeevit polish vrittachitra key lekhak key roop mein shreya diyaa jaataa haye, saath hii pahali laghu kathaa filmein "pavrot birbanta" ("reck kii vaapsee ghar") aur "prizigoda dorozkarza" ("cabman kaa saahasik kaary"), donon 1902 mein banaai gaee theen. cinema key ack anya agrani bolslav maitusevsky they, joe lumier company key liye kaam karane vaale pahale film nirmaataon mein seey ack they-aur 1897 mein russie tars key aadhikarik "chhayakar".
sabse purani jeevit feature film, "antos piercesy raaj doubleu vaarzaavi" ("antos forr dha first time inn varsau") 1908 mein antoine ferter dwara banaai gaee thee. isake premiere kii tarikh, 22 octuber, 1908, koo polish film udyog kii sthaapana kii tarikh maanaa jaataa haye. jald hii polish kalakaron ney cinema kii anya shailiyon key saath prayog karna shuru curr diyaah 1910 mein vladislav stareviz ney duniya key pahale animated cartoonon mein seey ack banaaya-aur stop motion takneek, "piekna lucanida" ("sunder lucanida") kaa upayog karane vaale pahale vyakti. pratham vishva yuddh kii shuruat taka polland mein cinema pahale seey hii poore joron parr thaa, jisamen polish saahitya key pramukh karyon key kaee rupaantaranon (vishesh roop seey "disease grasheku", "meer azofoviz" aur "naad neemnem") kii screening kii gaee thee.
pratham vishva yuddh key dauran polish cinema ney seemaaen paar curr leen. varsau yaa vilnius mein banaai gaee filmon koo aksar german bhasha key antar-sheershak key saath punah brand kiya jaataa thaa aur berlin mein dikhaaya jaataa thaa. iss tarah ack yuva abhinetri polaa neegari (barbara apollonia chailupeek key roop mein janm) ney germany mein prasiddhi praapt kii aur antatah mook film key europeeya super-stars mein seey ack bunn gaee.
polland mein ack film kaa nirdeshan karane vaali pahali mahila aur polish mook film yug kii ekmatra mahila film nirdeshak neena neovilla theen. unhone 1918 mein berlin mein shuruat kii, phir 1919 mein apani pahali polish film "tamara" (jise "obroncy lvova" sheershak seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) kaa nirdeshan kiya.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, mahaan britten mein polish film nirmaataon ney naazi virodhi rangeen film "colling mister" banaai. smith "(1943) kabje vaale europe mein naazi apraadhon aur naazi prachaar key baare mein. yeh itihas kii pahali naazi-virodhi filmon mein seey ack thee joe ack awant-garde aur ack vrittachitra film donon thee.
WWII key baad.
navambar 1945 mein communist sarkaar ney film nirmaan aur vitaran sangathan film polsky kii sthaapana kii, aur prasiddh polish logon key senaa key film nirmaata alexander ford koo prabhaari banaaya. germans seey liye gaye film upkaran seey bharey kuchh railway dibbon seey shuru karate hue way ack polish film udyog koo prashikshit karane aur banaane key liye aage badhate hain. aff. pee. utpaadan seemit thaa; 1947 aur 1952 mein isake vighatan key beach kewal terah visheshataaen jaari kii gaeen, joe naajiyon key haathon polish peedaa parr dhyaan kendrit karati theen. 1947 mein ford ney λοdz mein nae rashtriya film school kii sthaapana mein madad karane key liye kadam rakhaa, jahan unhone 20 varshon taka padhaaya.
udyog ney aayatit camers aur film stock kaa upayog kiya. pahale purvi germany seey dou kaale aur safed film stock aur phir eastman rung nakaratmak stock aur ack yaa dou print stock key liye teji seey aur print jaari karein. polland ney apana prakaash upkaran banaaya. film stock polish filmon kii uchch laagat key kaaran bahut cumm shooting anupaat key saath film banaai gaee thee, film kii shooting mein upayog kii jaane vaali film stock kii matra poori film kii lambai taka thee. upkaran aur film stock sabse achche naheen they aur bajat mamuli they lekin film nirmaataon koo shayed polish film school seey duniya mein sabse achchha prashikshan milaa. ack anya laabh film polsky kaa raajya sangathan key roop mein darja thaa, isaliye isake film nirmaataon key paas sabhi polish sansthanon taka pahunch thee aur unaki filmein banaane mein unakaa sahyog thaa. film cameray polish jeevan key lagbhag harr pahalu mein pravesh karane mein saksham they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad polland mein nirmit pahali film "zakazane piyosenki" (1946) thee, jiska nirdeshan leonard buzkowski ney kiya thaa, jise apane praarambhik theatre runn mein 1 karod 80 laakh logon (kull 23,8 aabaadi mein seey) dwara dekhaa gayaa thaa. bukzkowski ney 1967 mein apani mrityu taka niyamit roop seey filmein banaana jaari rakhaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad kii avadhi kii anya mahatvapurna filmein "antim charan" (1948) theen, jinka nirdeshan wanda zakubowska ney kiya thaa, jinhone 1989 mein saamyvaad seey poonjeevaad mein sankraman taka filmein banaana jaari rakhaa, aur alexander ford dwara nirdeshit "border street" (1949).
1950 key dashak key madhya taka, polland mein stellinism key anta key baad, film nirmaan koo film samoohon mein sangathit kiya gayaa thaa. ack film samooh film nirmaataon kaa ack sangrah thaa, jiska netritva ack anubhavi film nirdeshak karate they aur jisamen lekhak, film nirdeshak aur nirmaan prabandhak shamil hotey they. way patkathaaen likhate, bajat banaate, sanskriti mantralaya seey dhana praapt karane key liye aavedan karate aur chitra taiyar karate. way abhinetaon aur chaalak dall koo kaam parr rakhate they, aur film polsky dwara niyantrit studio aur prayogshalaon kaa upayog karate they.
raajneetik jalavaayu mein parivartan ney polish film school andolan koo janm diyaa, joe vishva chhayankan key kuchh icon key liye ack prashikshan sthal thaa.jee., roman polansky ("paani mein chaku", "rosemary kaa bachcha", "unmaadi", "piyanovadak") aur chrystophe zanusi (1970 key dashak key tathaakathit "naitik chinta key cinema" key ack pramukh nirdeshak). andrez vajda kii filmein polish anubhav key saarvbhaumik tatva-sabse kathin paristhitiyon mein garima banaae rakhane key liye sangharsh kaa antardrishtipurna vishleshan pradaan karati hain. unaki filmon ney kaee polish peedhiyon koo paribhaashit kiya. 2000 mein, vajda koo cinema mein unake samagr yogdan key liye ack maanad auskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. unaki chaar filmon koo akadami puraskaron mein sarvshreshth videshi bhasha film puraskar key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen saat anya polish nirdeshakon koo ack-ack namankan praapt huaa thaah roman polansky, georgy kaavaaloviz, georgy hoffman, georgy antzac, agnizka holland, zaan komasa aur georgy skolimovsky. 2015 mein, polish film nirmaata pavel pavlikovsky koo unaki film "idaa" key liye yeh puraskar milaa. 2019 mein, unhein dou shreniyon mein unaki agali film "sheet yuddh" key liye puraskar key liye bhee namankit kiya gayaa thaa-sarvshreshth videshi bhasha kii film aur sarvshreshth nirdeshak.
yeh bhee dhyaan rakhna mahatvapurna haye kii 1980 key dashak key dauran, polland key janvaadi ganarajya ney cinema aur radio jaise outlet sahit rashtra key saamyavaadi shasson key khilaf sabhi prakaar key virodh koo paraast karane aur sensor karane key liye marshel low kii sthaapana kii. iss avadhi key dauran ubhari ack ullekhaniya film riszard bugazsky kii 1982 kii film "poochtaachh" ("prazeluchani") thee, jisamen ack durbhagyapurna mahila (christina jaanda dwara nibhai gaee) kii kahani koo darshaaya gayaa haye, jise gupt pulis dwara giraftar kiya jaataa haye aur prataadit kiya jaataa haye, taaki vaha ack aparaadh koo sweekaar curr sakey jisake baare mein vaha kuchh naheen jaanati haye. film kii saamyvaad virodhi prakriti ney film parr saat saal seey adhik kaa pratibandh lagaa diyaa. 1989 mein, polland mein saamyavaadi sarkaar key ukhaad fenkane key baad pratibandh koo nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur usa varsh baad mein pahali baar cinemagharon mein film dikhaai gaee thee. iss film kii aaj bhee stalinwadi shasson kii krurta koo chitrit karane mein isaki himmat key liye sarahana kii jaati haye, kyonki usa samay key dauran kaee kalakaron koo utpeedan kaa darr thaa.
1990 key dashak mein, chrystophe kislovsky ney "decalogue" (television key liye banaaya gayaa), "dha double life off veronic" aur "three colours" trayi jaise prastutiyon key saath saarvbhaumik prashansa jeeti. polland kii sabse prasiddh filmon mein seey ack haye chrystophe kraaz kii "dha dett", joe ack blockbuster bunn gaee. isane polish poonjeevaad aur garibi key vikas kii kroor vaastaviktaa koo dikhaaya. polish film nirdeshakon kii ack badee sankhya (udaa.jee.agnisca holland aur jaanasaz kaminsky) ney americi studio mein kaam kiya haye. polish animated filmein-jaise zaan lenica aur zbignave ribzinsky (auskar, 1983)-ack lambi parampara parr adharit theen aur polland kii graphic kalaaon seey apani prerana praapt karna jaari rakhaa. anya ullekhaniya polish film nirdeshakon mein shamil hainh tomaz baginsky, malgorzata zumovska, zaan jakub kolsky, georgy kavaaleroviz, stanislav berja aur jaanas zorsky.
polland mein honey vaale pramukh vaarshik film samarohon mein shamil hainh varsau antarrashtriya film mahotsav, camerimage, swatantra cinema kaa antarrashtriya mahotsav off camera, nae kshitij film mahotsav key saath-saath gdinia film mahotsav aur polish film puraskar.
cinema key darshak.
saamyavaadi sarkaar ney ack parishkrit cinema darshakon key nirmaan mein sansadhanon kaa nivesh kiya. sabhi cinema raajya key swaamitva mein they aur inmein pahale pradarshan vaalaa premiere cinema, sthaaniya cinema aur art house cinema shamil they. tikat saste they aur chhatron aur bujurgon koo chhoot millie. 1970 key dashak mein lodge shahar mein 36 cinemaghar they jinamen duniya bhar kii filmein dikhaai gaee theen. fellini kii italvi filmein, francisi haasya, donn seagal kii "charley varrick" jaisi americi aparaadh filmein theen. filmon koo unake mool sanskaranon mein polish upasheershak key saath dikhaaya gayaa thaa. saamyvaad virodhi aur sheet yuddh kii filmein naheen dikhaai gaeen, lekin kuchh filmon kii laagat ack badaa pratibandh thaa. film" aur "screen" jaisi lokpriya film patrikaaen theen, "kino" jaisi aalochanatmak patrikaaen. inn sub ney ack achchi tarah seey soochit film darshakon koo banaane mein madad kii.
polish film akadami.
polish film akadami kii sthaapana 2003 mein varsau mein kii gaee thee aur iska uddeshya sthaaniya film nirmaataon koo charcha key liye ack munch pradaan karna aur prakashanon, prastutiyon, charchaon aur schools mein vishay key niyamit prachaar key madhyam seey polish cinema kii pratishtha koo badhaava dene kaa ack tarika pradaan karna haye.
puraskar.
2003 seey, polish film puraskaron key vijetaon kaa chunaav akadami key sadasyon dwara kiya jaataa haye.
film school.
kaee sansthaan, sarkari aur niji donon, film nirmaan key vibhinn pahaluon mein aupchaarik shiksha pradaan karate hain.