
3dee bioprinting

tri-ayami (3dee) bioprinting koshikaon, vikas karakon aur/yaa jaiv-chikitsa bhaagon koo banaane key liye jaiv-chikitsa samagri koo sanyojit karane key liye 3dee mudran jaisi takneekon kaa upayog haye, jiska uddeshya aksar praakritik ootak visheshtaon kaa anukaran karna hotaa haye. aam taur parr, 3dee bioprinting ootak jaisi sanrachanaon koo banaane key liye baayo-ink key roop mein jaani jaane vaali samagri koo jamaa karane key liye ack parat-darr-parat vidhi kaa upayog curr sakati haye joe baad mein vibhinn chikitsa aur ootak engineering kshetron mein upayog kii jaati haye. 3dee bioprinting mein bioprinting takneekon aur jaiv samagri kii ack vistrit shrinkhala shamil haye. vartamaan mein, bioprinting kaa upayog ootak aur anga model koo chhaapane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye taaki davaaon aur sambhaavit upchaaron key shodh mein madad mill sakey. phir bhee, naidaanik anuprayog mein jaiv-mudrit jeevit koshikiya sanrachanaon kaa anuvaad karyatmak angon koo banaane key liye aavashyak jatilata aur koshika sankhya key kaaran kaee muddon seey milata haye. haalaanki, navacharon mein baahya koshikiya matricks key jaiv mudran seey laker vaanchhit ootak kaa utpaadan karane key liye parat darr parat jamaa hydrogel key saath koshikaon koo milaane taka kaa vistaar hotaa haye. isake alawa, 3dee bioprinting ney machaan kii chhapaai koo shamil karna shuru curr diyaa haye. inn machanon kaa upayog jodon aur snayubandhan koo punarjeevit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
prakriya.
3dee bioprinting aam taur parr teen charanon kaa paalan karati haye, pree-bioprinting, bioprinting aur post-bioprinting.
pree-bioprinting.
pree-bioprinting ack model banaane kii prakriya haye jise printer baad mein banaayega aur una samagriyon koo chunega jinka upayog kiya jaayega. anga kii biopsy praapt karna pahale charanon mein seey ack haye. bioprinting key liye upayog kii jaane vaali samanya takneeken computed tomography (ct) aur magnetic resonance imaging (mri) hain. ack parat-darr-parat drishtikon key saath print karane key liye, chhaviyon parr tomographic punarnirmaan kiya jaataa haye. abb-2dee chhaviyon koo phir printer koo banaane key liye bheja jaataa haye. ack baar chhavi banane key baad, kuchh koshikaon koo alag kiya jaataa haye aur gunaa kiya jaataa haye. inn koshikaon koo phir ack vishesh taralikrit samagri key saath milaaya jaataa haye joe unhein jeevit rakhane key liye oxygen aur anya poshak tatva pradaan kartaa haye. kuchh prakriyaon mein, koshikaon koo 500 microne vyaas key cellular spheroids mein samaahit kiya jaataa haye. koshikaon key iss ektrikaran key liye machaan kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye, aur extrusion jaisi prakriyaon key liye tubeler jaise ootak sanlayan mein rakhane key liye aavashyak hain.
bioprinting.
dusare charan mein, koshikaon, matricks aur poshak tatvon key taral mishran koo ack printer cartridge mein rakhaa jaataa haye aur rogiyon key chikitsa scan kaa upayog karke jamaa kiya jaataa haye. jaba ack bioprinted poorv-ootak koo ack ushmaayak mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh koshika-adharit poorv-ootak ack ootak mein paripakva hoe jaataa haye.
javic nirmaanon koo banaane key liye 3dee bioprinting mein aamtaur parr ootak jaisi tri-ayami sanrachanaon koo utpann karane key liye ack kramik parat-darr-parat drishtikon kaa upayog karke ack jaiv-sangat machaan parr koshikaon koo vitarit karna shamil haye. 3dee bioprinting dwara banaae gaye yakrit aur gurde jaise kritrim angon mein mahatvapurna tatvon kii kamee dikhaai gaee haye joe shareer koo prabhaavit karate hain jaise kii kaam karane vaali rakt vaahikaaen, mootra ekatra karane key liye nalikaaen, aur inn angon key liye aavashyak arabon koshikaon kaa vikas. inn ghatakon key binaa shareer key paas apane aantarik bhaagon mein aavashyak poshak tatva aur oxygen praapt karane kaa koee tarika naheen haye. yeh dekhate hue kii shareer mein pratyek ootak praakritik roop seey vibhinn prakaar kii koshikaon seey banaa hotaa haye, inn koshikaon koo chhaapane key liye kaee takneeken nirmaan prakriya key dauran koshikaon kii sthirata aur vyavaharyata sunishchit karane kii unaki kshamata mein bhinn hoti hain. koshikaon key 3dee bioprinting key liye upayog kii jaane vaali kuchh vidhiyaan photolithography, magnetic 3dee bioprinting, stereolithography aur direct cell extrusion hain.
post-bioprinting.
javic samagri seey ack sthir sanrachana banaane key liye post-bioprinting prakriya aavashyak haye. yadi yeh prakriya achchi tarah seey banaae naheen rakhee gaee haye, tou 3 dee mudrit vastu kii yaantrik akhandata aur kaary jokhim mein haye. vastu koo banaae rakhane key liye, yaantrik aur rasayanik uttejana donon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. yeye uttejanaaen ootakon key punarnirmaan aur vikas koo niyantrit karane key liye koshikaon koo sanket bhejati hain. isake alawa, haal key vikas mein, bioreactor praudyogikiyon ney ootakon kii teji seey paripakvata, ootakon key samvahaneekaran aur pratyaropan seey bachane kii kshamata kii anumati dee haye.
bioreactor yaa tou samvahani poshak tatva parivahan pradaan karane, sookshm gurutvaakarshan vatavaran banaane, koshikaon key madhyam seey pravaahit honey vaale dabaav key kaaran samadhan koo badalane, yaa gatishil yaa sthir loading key liye sampeedan jodane mein kaam karate hain. pratyek prakaar kaa bioreactor vibhinn prakaar key ootakon key liye aadarsh haye, udaaharan key liye sampeedan bioreactor upaasthi ootak key liye aadarsh hain.
bioprinting drishtikon.
iss kshetra key shodhkartaon ney upayukt javic aur yaantrik gunon key saath nirmit jeevit angon kaa utpaadan karane key liye drishtikon vikasit kiye hain. 3dee bioprinting teen mukhya drishtikonon parr adharit haih biomimicry, swaayatt swa-assembly aur mini-tissue building block.
biomimicry.
bioprinting key pahale drishtikon koo biomimicry kahaa jaataa haye. iss drishtikon kaa mukhya lakshya maanav shareer mein ootakon aur angon mein paaee jaane vaali praakritik sanrachana key samaan mangadhant sanrachanaon kaa nirmaan karna haye. biomimicry key liye angon aur ootakon key aakar, dhaanche aur sookshm vatavaran key dohrao kii aavashyakta hoti haye. bioprinting mein biomimicry key anuprayog mein angon key samaan koshikiya aur baahya koshikiya bhaagon donon kaa nirmaan shamil haye. iss drishtikon koo safal banaane key liye, ootakon koo sookshm paimaane parr dohraya jaanaa chaahiye. isaliye, sookshm paryaavaran, iss sookshm vatavaran mein javic balon kii prakriti, karyatmak aur sahayak koshika prakaron, ghulansheelata karakon aur baahya koshikiya matricks kii sanrachana key sateek sangathan koo samajhana aavashyak haye.
swaayatt swa-sabhaa.
bioprinting kaa doosara drishtikon swaayatt swa-sanyojan haye. yeh drishtikon bhroon anga vikas kii bhautik prakriya parr nirbhar kartaa haye joe ruchi key ootakon koo doharaane key liye ack model key roop mein haye. jaba koshikaaen apane praarambhik vikas mein hoti hain, tou way aavashyak javic karyon aur sookshm-vastukala pradaan karane key liye apana swayam kaa baahya koshikiya matricks nirmaan khand, uchit koshika sanket, aur swatantra vyavastha aur pattern banaate hain. swaayatt swa-sanyojan bhroon key ootakon aur angon kii vikasatmak takneekon key baare mein vishisht jaankaari kii maang kartaa haye. ack "machaan-mukt" model haye joe swa-sanyojan spheroids kaa upayog kartaa haye joe sanlayan aur koshika vyavastha key vishay mein vikasit ootakon key samaan hotaa haye. swaayatt swa-sanyojan uutakajanan key maulik chaalak key roop mein koshika parr nirbhar kartaa haye, joe inn ootakon key nirmaan khandon, sanrachanaatmak aur karyatmak gunon kaa margadarshan kartaa haye. yeh iss baat kii gahari samajh kii maang kartaa haye kii bhroon ootak tantra kaise vikasit hotey hain aur saath hii jaiv-mudrit ootakon koo banaane key liye sookshm vatavaran kaise ghiraa huaa haye.
laghu ootak.
bioprinting kaa teesara drishtikon biomimicry aur self-assembly donon drishtikonon kaa sanyojan haye, jise mini tissue kahaa jaataa haye. anga aur ootak bahut chhote karyatmak ghatakon seey baney hotey hain. laghu ootak drishtikon inn chhote tukadon koo letaa haye aur unhein badey dhaanche mein vyavasthit kartaa haye.
printer.
sadharan syaahi printers key samaan, bioprinters mein teen pramukh ghatak hotey hain. yeye upayog kiye jaane vaale hardware, jaiv-syaahi kaa prakaar aur usa samagri parr mudrit (jaiv samagri) hain.
"baayo-ink jeevit koshikaon seey bunny ack samagri haye joe ack taral kii tarah vyavhaar karati haye, jisase loga vaanchhit aakar banaane key liye ise 'print' curr sakate hain. baayo-ink banaane key liye, vaigyaanik koshikaon kaa ack ghol banaate hain jise ack cartridge mein load kiya jaa sakata haye aur ack vishesh roop seey design kiye gaye printer mein daala jaa sakata haye, saath hii ack anya cartridge mein ack jail hotaa haye jise baayo-pepper key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye."
bioprinting mein, teen pramukh prakaar key printer hain jinka upayog kiya gayaa haye. yeye inkjet, lazer-sahaayata praapt aur extrusion printer hain. inkjet printer kaa upayog mukhya roop seey tej aur badey paimaane key utpaadon key liye bioprinting mein kiya jaataa haye. ack prakaar kaa inkjet printer, jise drop-onn-demand inkjet printer kahaa jaataa haye, sateek matra mein samagri chhaapata haye, laagat aur apashisht koo cumm kartaa haye. lazer kaa upayog karane vaale printer uchch-resolution mudran pradaan karate hain; haalaanki, yeye printer aksar mahange hotey hain. extrusion printer koshikaon koo parat-darr-parat print karate hain, jaise 3dee nirmaan banaane key liye 3dee mudran. kewal koshikaon key alawa, extrusion printer koshikaon key saath jall-pravaahit hydrogel kaa bhee upayog curr sakate hain.
bahishkaran-adharit vidhiyaan.
extrusion-adharit mudran 3dee mudran key kshetra mein ack bahut hii samanya takneek haye jisamen ack prakaar key chhidra key madhyam seey pighali hui thhos samagri yaa chipchipa taral kii nirantar dhaara koo baahar nikaalana yaa majboor karna shamil haye, aksar ack nozzle yaa syringe. jaba extrusion adharit bioprinting kii baat aatee haye, tou chaar mukhya prakaar key extrusion hotey hain. yeye vaayaviya sanchaalit, piston sanchaalit, pench sanchaalit aur sanaki pench sanchaalit (jinhen pragatisheel guha pump key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) hain. pratyek nishkarshan vidhi key apane faayade aur nuksan hain. vaayaviya bahirgaman ack jamaa karane vaale agent key madhyam seey taral bioinuck koo majboor karane key liye dabaav vaali havaa kaa upayog kartaa haye. bioinuck koo sthanantarit karane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali havaa dooshit padarthon seey mukt honey chaahiye. vayu filter kaa upayog aamtaur parr upayog karane seey pahale havaa koo nirjantuk karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. piston sanchaalit extrusion ack guide pench seey judey piston kaa upayog kartaa haye. piston kii raikhik gati nozzle seey samagri koo nichodati haye. pench chaalit bahishkaran samagri koo baahar nikaalane key liye ack augar pench kaa upayog kartaa haye. ghoornan gati samagri koo nozzle seey neeche aur baahar karane key liye majboor karati haye. pench chaalit upkaran uchch chipchipahat samagri key upayog kii anumati dete hain aur adhik aayatan niyantran pradaan karate hain. accentry screw sanchaalit pranaaliyan extruder mein self-sealing chamber key kaaran cumm seey uchch chipchipahat vaali samagri key adhik sateek nikshepan kii anumati detee hain. ack baar mudrit honey key baad, kaee samagriyon koo nirmaan key liye vaanchhit yaantrik gunon koo praapt karane key liye ack cross-linking charan kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jise udaaharan key liye rasayanik agents yaa photo-cross-linkers key upchaar key saath praapt kiya jaa sakata haye.
pratyaksh bahishkaran sabse aam bahishkaran-adharit bioprinting takneekon mein seey ack haye, jisamen dabaav bull bioinuck koo nozzle seey baahar nikalane key liye nirdeshit kartaa haye, aur binaa kissy aavashyak casting key seedhe machaan koo print kartaa haye. iss drishtikon key liye bioinuck hii polymer hydrogel, praakritik roop seey praapt samagri jaise collegen aur ghol mein nilambit jeevit koshikaon kaa mishran hoe sakata haye. iss tarah seey, machaan koo post-print aur cellular seeding key liye aage key upchaar kii aavashyakta key binaa samvardhit kiya jaa sakata haye. pratyaksh mudran takneekon key upayog mein kuchh dhyaan samakshiya nozzle assembliyon, yaa samakshiya bahishkaran key upayog parr adharit haye. samakshiya nozzle setup ack saath kaee samagri bioinc key extrusion koo saksham banaata haye, joe ack ekal extrusion charan mein bahu-stariya machaan banaane mein saksham haye. tubeler sanrachanaon key vikas ney paaya haye kii inn takneekon key madhyam seey praapt paratit bahishkaran samagri charitra chitran mein radial parivartansheelta key liye vaanchhaniya haye joe yeh pradaan curr sakata haye, kyonki samakshiya nozzle bioinuck pravaah key liye ack aantarik aur baahari tube pradaan kartaa haye. bioprinting key liye apratyaksh bahishkaran takneekon key liye koshika seey bharey hydrogel kii aadhar samagri key mudran kii aavashyakta hoti haye, lekin pratyaksh bahishkaran key vipareet ack tyag hydrogel hotaa haye jise thermal yaa rasayanik nishkarshan key madhyam seey mudran key baad mamuli roop seey hataaya jaa sakata haye. shesh raal thhos hoe jaataa haye aur vaanchhit 3 dee-mudrit nirmaan bunn jaataa haye.
mudran key anya tareeke.
boond-adharit bioprinting ack aisee takneek haye jisamen koshikaon aur/yaa hydrogel key bioinuck mishran koo sateek sthiti mein boondon mein rakhaa jaataa haye. iss drishtikon mein sabse aam thermal aur piezoelectric-drop-onn-demand takneeken hain. thermal takneeken bioinuck koo germ karane key liye cumm avadhi key sanketon kaa upayog karati hain, jisase chhote bulbule banate hain joe baahar nikalate hain. piezoelectric bioprinting mein cumm avadhi kaa current hotaa haye, balki ack piezoelectric actuator parr lagu hotaa haye, joe ack yaantrik compan koo prerit kartaa haye joe nozzle key madhyam seey bioinuck key ack chhote globule koo baahar nikaalane mein saksham hotaa haye. bioprinting key liye boond-adharit drishtikon key adhyayan kaa ack mahatvapurna pahalu nozzle-tip key paas bioinuck anubhav key bheetar yaantrik aur thermal tanaav koshikaon key liye lekhankan haye kyonki way baahar nikaale jaate hain.
lazer-adharit bioprinting koo dou pramukh vargon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haih way joe koshika hastaantaran praudyogikiyon yaa photo-polymerisation parr adharit hain. cell transfer lazer printing mein, ack lazer oorjaa-avashoshit karane vaali samagri (ee.jee. sonaa, titanium aadi.) aur bioinuck, jisamen ack balidan samagri hoti haye. yeh tyag 'daataa parat' lazer key vikiran key tahat vaashpit hoti haye, bioinuck parat seey ack bulbula banaati haye joe ack jett seey jamaa hoe jaati haye. photo-polymerisation takneekon key bajaay syaahi koo thhos banaane key liye photoeniciated pratikriyaon kaa upayog karein, ack vaanchhit nirmaan key gathan koo prerit karane key liye ack lazer key beam path koo sthanantarit karein. photopolymerisation pratikriyaon key saath jodee gaee kuchh lazer aavrittiyon koo samagri mein koshikaon koo nuksan pahunchaae binaa kiya jaa sakata haye.
anuprayog.
anusandhaan key liye pratyaropan yogya anga aur anga.
chikitsa kshetra mein 3dee bioprinting key liye kaee anuprayog hain. ack durlabh shwasan roga vaale shishu rogi koo tracobroncomlacia (tbm) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jise 3dee printing key saath banaaya gayaa thaa. 3dee bioprinting kaa upayog shareer key vibhinn kshetron seey ootakon key punarnirmaan key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. antim charan key mootrashay roga vaale rogiyon kaa ilaaj kshatigrast anga key punarnirmaan key liye engineer mootrashay ootakon kaa upayog karke kiya jaa sakata haye. iss takneek koo sambhaavit roop seey huddy, twacha, upaasthi aur maanspeshiyon key ootakon parr bhee lagu kiya jaa sakata haye. halanki 3dee bioprinting praudyogiki kaa ack deerghakaalik lakshya ack poore anga kaa punarnirmaan karna haye, lekin poori tarah seey karyatmak angon koo chhaapane mein bahut cumm safalata millie haye. pratyaropan yogya stent key vipareet, angon key aakar jatil hotey hain aur jaiv-mudran key liye kaafee kathin hotey hain. udaaharan key liye, ack bioprinted hriday koo naa kewal sanrachanaatmak aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karna chaahiye, balki samvahaneekaran, yaantrik bhaar aur vidyut sanket prasaar aavashyaktaon koo bhee puuraa karna chaahiye. israel key shodhkartaon ney 2019 mein maanav koshikaon seey khargosh key aakar key hriday kaa nirmaan kiya.
2022 mein, ack 3dee bioprinted pratyaropan key liye naidaanik pareekshan kii pahali safalata kii soochana dee gaee thee joe rogi kii apani koshikaon seey banaai gaee thee, joe microtia key ilaaj key liye ack baahari kaana haye.
samvardhit maans.
samvardhit maans key liye bhee bioprinting kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. 2021 mein, teen prakaar key gojaatiya koshika tantuon seey banaa ack steak jaisa samvardhit maans utpaadit kiya gayaa thaa. vague jaise gomans kii sanrachana mool maans key samaan hoti haye.
prabhaav.
3dee bioprinting ootak engineering key chikitsa kshetra mein mahatvapurna pragati mein yogdan detee haye, jisase jaiv samagri naamak naveen samagriyon parr shodh kiya jaa sakata haye. jaiv samagri way samagri hain joe tri-ayami vastuon koo chhaapane key liye anukoolit aur upayog kii jaati hain. kuchh sabse ullekhaniya jaiv-engineer padaarth aamtaur parr naram ootak aur huddy sahit ausat shaaririk samagri seey adhik majboot hotey hain. yeye ghatak mool shareer samagri key liye bhavishya key vikalp, yahaan taka kii sudhaar key roop mein kaary curr sakate hain. udaaharan key liye, alginate ack aayan bahulak haye jisamen kaee jaiv chikitsa nihitarth hain jinamen vyavaharyata, majboot jaiv sangatata, cumm vishaaktata aur shareer kii kuchh sanrachanaatmak samagri kii tulanaa mein majboot sanrachanaatmak kshamata shamil haye. pee. vee.-adharit jail sahit synthetic hydrogel bhee aam hain. ack yuvi-shuru kiye gaye peevi-adharit cross-linker key saath acid key sanyojan kaa mulyankan wake forrest institute off medicine dwara kiya gayaa haye aur ack upayukt jaiv samagri honey key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa haye. engineer anya vikalpon kii bhee khoj curr rahey hain jaise kii sookshm-chainalon koo chhaapana joe padosi ootakon seey poshak tatvon aur oxygen key prasaar koo adhikatam curr sakate hain. isake alawa, raksha khatare koo cumm karane vaali agency kaa uddeshya hriday, yakrit aur fefadon jaise chhote angon koo print karna haye taaki naee davaaon kaa adhik sateek pareekshan kiya jaa sakey aur shayed jaanvaron mein pareekshan kii aavashyakta koo samaapt kiya jaa sakey.

