
swa-censorship

swa-censorship apane pravachan koo sensor karane yaa vargeekrit karane kaa kaary haye. yeh dusaron kii samvedanaon yaa prathmiktaon (vaastavik yaa kathit) key darr yaa sammaan seey aur kissy vishisht paksh yaa pradhikaran kii sanstha key khule dabaav key binaa kiya jaataa haye. swa-censorship kaa abhyaas aksar film nirmaataon, film nirdeshakon, prakashakon, samachar enkaron, patrakaron, sangeetkaron aur anya prakaar key lekhakon dwara kiya jaataa haye, jinamen way vyakti bhee shamil hain joe soshal media kaa upayog karate hain. 
manvadhikaron kii saarvbhaumik ghoshana kaa anuchhed 19 sabhi prakaar kii censorship seey abhivyakti kii swatantrata kii guaranti detaa haye. anuchhed 19 spasht roop seey kahata haye kii "harr kissy koo raay aur abhivyakti kii swatantrata kaa adhikaar haye; iss adhikaar mein binaa kissy hastakshep key raay rakhane aur kissy bhee media key madhyam seey aur seemaon kii parwah kiye binaa jaankaari aur vichaar praapt karane aur pradaan karane kii swatantrata shamil haye."
swayam-censorship key abhyaas kaa, swayam censorship kii tarah, ack lamba itihas haye.
aatm-abhivyakti key kaaran.
manovaigyaanik.
loga aksar apani pehchaan aur apane honey kii bhavna kii pushti karane key liye samvaad karate hain.  loga bahishkaran yaa alokpriyata key darr seey apani raay vyakt curr sakate hain yaa apani raay koo roque sakate hain. saajha samajik mandand aur vishvaas apane honey kii bhavna paida karate hain, lekin way anupaalan yaa sambandhit honey key liye abhivyakti kaa daman bhee curr sakate hain. loga bahumat key ravaiye key saath jaane key liye apane vishvaason yaa vichaaron koo samaayojit curr sakate hain. ling, ayu, shiksha, raajneetik hiton aur media key sampark mein aaney jaise vibhinn kaarak hain joe aatm-censorship mein yogdan karate hain. kuchh logon key liye, unake vishvaason aur vichaaron mein parivartan kaa kaaran algaav aur bahishkaar key darr mein nihit haye. inn logon key liye, una maanyataon kii abhivyakti key liye dusaron kii nakaratmak pratikriyaon key darr kii tulanaa mein unaki apani maanyataon kii abhivyakti cumm mahatvapurna haye.
frankfurt olgemine zitung" (phase) samachar patra key liye institute phur demoscopy allensback dwara aayojit aatm-censorship parr 2019 key ack german sarvekshan key anusaar, 59 pratishat uttardaataon ney kahaa kii way doston key beach apane vichaar vyakt curr sakate hain, lekin kewal 18 pratishat kaa maanana haye kii saarvajanik roop seey aisaa sambhav haye. kewal 17 pratishat uttardaataa internet parr swatantra roop seey khud koo vyakt karate hain.
dhaarmik sambaddhata ack aisaa vishay haye jisamen kaee vyaavsaayik kshetra aur kshetra swa-censorship kaa srot hoe sakate hain. ack vishesh kshetra manovigyaan haye. manovigyaan kii utpatti seey, iss kshetra ney aksar dharm koo avishvaas key saath dekhaa haye. manovaigyaanik aur chikitsak aksar iss sambhavana mein vishvaas karate hue kissy bhee dharm kaa hissa honey kaa daavaa karane seey bachate hain kii kissy bhee bhakt vishvaas kii kissy bhee abhivyakti koo mansik bimari yaa sankat key liye marker key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. american psychological association (aeye. pee. aeye.) key 2013 key ack sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii "samanya aabaadi key saapeksh, manovaigyanikon key kissy bhee dharm kaa daavaa karane kii sambhavana doguni seey adhik thee, dharm koo apane jeevan mein mahatvaheen key roop mein varnit karane kii sambhavana teen gunaa adhik thee, aur bhagwan mein vishvaas seey incar karane kii sambhavana paanch gunaa adhik thee."
ack dhaarmik andolan key sambandh mein yeh wahabiwad, islamvad, kalvivad aur hasid judawad jaise kattarpanthi vishvaasiyon key beach adhik aam haye.
aarthik.
bajar kii apekshaon key anuroop honey key liye swa-censorship bhee hoe sakati haye. udaaharan key liye, ack patrika kaa sampaadak sachet roop seey yaa anajaane mein una vishayon seey butch sakata haye joe vigyapandataon, grahakon yaa maalikon koo unaki aajeevika kii raksha karane key liye seedhe (i.ee.apani naukari khone kaa darr) yaa apratyaksh roop seey (ee.jee.yeh vishvaas kii ack pustak adhik laabhdaayak hogi yadi isamen aapattijanak samagri naheen haye). iss ghatana koo kabhi-kabhi soft censorship key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
kanuni.
sattawadi deshon mein, kalakritiyon key nirmaata aisee samagri koo hataa sakate hain joe unaki sarkaar koo unaki sarkaaron dwara manjuri key darr seey vivadaspad lugg sakati haye.
swaad aur shalinta.
swaad aur shalinta anya kshetra hain jinamen aksar swa-censorship key sambandh mein prashn uthaaye jaate hain. hatyaa, aatankvaad, yuddh kii chhaviyon yaa footage seey judee kalaa yaa patrakaarita aur way jiss uddeshya key liye rakhee gaee hain, usake baare mein shikaayaten curr sakati haye. curator aur sampaadak aksar inn chhaviyon koo sensor karenge taaki gopaniyata, sadame kii ranneeti yaa gopaniyata key aakraman key aaropon seey bachaa jaa sakey. raajneetik shuddhata aur maun kii sarpil jaisi avadhaaranaaen aatm-censorship key astitva mein yogdan karati paaee gaee hain.
bachchon aur yuva darshakon key liye banaae gaye utpaad, jaise kii yuva vayask saahitya, iss sandarbh mein swa-censorship seey prabhaavit hoe sakate hain.
jaba samkaaleen kalaa key loss angils sangrahalaya key nideshak kaa sakshatkar kiya gayaa thaa kii unhone yuddh virodhi bhitti chitra koo safed karane key nirnay key baare mein, jisamen dollar seey dhake sainya taaboot dikhaae gaye they, unhone anuman lagaaya thaa kii bhitti chitra ney usa samudaay koo aahat kiya hoga jisamen ise rakhaa gayaa thaa. phir unhone kahaa kii "koee shikayat naheen thee, kyonki maine turant iska dhyaan rakhaa.
vareeyata key ack roop mein jhooth.
swa-censorship vareeyata key galat honey kaa ack roop haye, halanki avadhaaranaaen samaan naheen hain.  swa-censorship ack nishkriya kaary haye. yeh sambhaavit aapattijanak maanyataon, vichaaron aur prathmiktaon key daman key barabar haye. iss prakaar, yeh aatm-maun key barabar haye; yeh nishkriyata kaa ack kaary haye. vareeyata kaa galat pratipaadan kathit samajik dabaavon key tahat kissy kii prathmiktaon kaa galat pratinidhitva haye. yeh aksar pradarshan karane vaalaa hotaa haye, kyonki isamen darshakon koo prabhaavit karane yaa unake krodh seey bachane key liye kissy kii prathmiktaon mein sakriya herfer shamil hoe sakata haye.  
ack udaaharan key liye, ack vivadaspad vishay parr charcha parr vichaar karein. humm pratibhagiyon mein seey hain. aggar humm chup rahate hain, tou yeh aatm-censorship haye. jahan taka hamari khamoshi ack aisee sthiti key saath sahamati vyakt karati haye jise humm vaastav mein napsand karate hain, hamari aatm-censorship bhee vareeyata key jhooth key barabar haye. yadi chup rahane key bajaay, humm charcha key dauran sthiti aeye key paksh mein bolate hain, jaba humm vaastav mein bee key paksh mein hotey hain, tou yeh vareeyata jhooth haye lekin aatm-censorship naheen haye. humm ack koo pasand karane kaa naatak karate hue, aatm-censorship seey parey chaley gaye hain. hamane jaanboojhkar ack mangadhant raay pesh kii haye. 
sankshep mein, vareeyata kaa galat honah vyaapak avadharana haye. jabaki sabhi swa-censorship sanketon key madhyam seey ack vareeyata koo galat saabit karati haye, vareeyata koo galat saabit karane key liye swa-censorship kaa roop lene kii aavashyakta naheen haye. 
media mein.
patrakaar aksar apane khilaf yaa kissy anya paksh seey apane hiton key liye dhamkiyon, apane paryavekshakon key sampadakiya nirdeshon, media sangathan key aarthik prayojakon, vigyapandataon yaa sharedharakon aadi key saath hiton key kathit sanghrshon key kaaran khud koo sensor karate hain.). patrakaron kii swa-censorship una samajon mein sabse adhik vyaapak haye jahaan sarkaaron kii aadhikarik media censorship neetiyaan hain aur jahaan patrakaron koo jail bheja jaayega, jurmana lagaaya jaayega, yaa yadi way censorship niyamon kaa paalan naheen karate hain tou buss apani naukari khou denge.
sangathan jaise (media america key liye mayane rakhta haye, nishpakshata aur reporting mein sateekta, "loktantra abb!", aur americi nagrik swatantrata sangh) ney samachar prasaran stations, vishesh roop seey fox news key baare mein chinta jataai haye, aatank key khilaf yuddh jaise kuchh prakaar key muddon parr reporting karate samay apani samagri koo cumm vivadaspad honey key liye sensor kiya haye.
unaki pustak "vinirmaan sahamati" (1988) mein, nome chomsky aur edward aiss. herman kaa tark haye kii samachar media kaa corporate swaamitva bajar kii taakton key kaaran vyavasthit aatm-censorship koo bahut dridhata seey protsaahit kartaa haye. iss tark mein, maanaa jaataa haye kii udaarvaadi media key saath bhee, pakshapaat aur (aksar achetan) aatm-censorship samacharon key chayan aur chook mein spasht haye, aur una media key malik nigamon key hiton key anuroop sweekarya charcha kii ruprekha haye.
patrakaron ney sainya adhikaariyon seey sainya rahasyon key anajaane mein rahasyodghatan koo rokane key liye sakriya roop seey censorship salah maangi haye. 2009 mein, "dha newyork times" ney afghanistan mein aatankvaadiyon dwara ack reporter key apaharan kii khabar koo saat maheene taka dabaane mein safalata hassil kii, jaba taka kii vaha kaid seey butch naheen gayaa taaki 'reporter aur anya bandhakon key liye khatra cumm hoe'.
patrakaron ney kabhi-kabhi shamil logon kii suraksha key liye chinta key kaaran samacharon key prakashanon koo swa-sensor kiya haye. jeane pelletier, dha washington dee.see. montrial "laa presse" samachar patra key samvaadaata ney "kanadai capper" key apane nishkarsh parr pahunchane seey pahale irani bandhak sankat key dauran iran seey hamein rajnayikon kii taskari karane key liye kanadai sarkaar dwara kiye gaye ack gupt prayaas kaa khulasa kiya. isamen shamil logon kii suraksha koo banaae rakhane key liye, unhone akhbar aur lekhak key liye kaafee samachar moolya key bavjood, jaba taka kii bandhak iran naheen chhod dete, taba taka akhbar koo kahani prakaashit karane kii anumati dene seey incar curr diyaa.
patrakaron dwara swa-censorship koo ack uttarjeevita ranneeti key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, jisase patrakaar bahut door jaane aur adhikaariyon dwara adhik poorna kaarravaai kaa jokhim uthaane key bajaay kuchh muddon parr report curr sakate hain, jisake parinamswarup swatantra reporting bhee cumm hoti haye.
vigyaan mein.
swayam-censorship kaee sandarbhon mein shikshaavidon kii duniya mein paaee jaati haye. raajneetik roop seey prerit honey key roop mein aalochana kiye gaye vaigyaanik prakashanon mein aatm-censorship mein teesare reech key tahat vaigyaanik shamil hain joe naslon key beach matbhedon mein aam taur parr aayojit vishvaason seey asahmat hain, yaa samanya saapekshata kaa samarthan karane key liye hitler key tahat inn vaigyaanikon key incar (jise "yahudi vigyaan" key roop mein pratishtha millie). haal hii mein, kuchh vaigyaanikon ney pradooshan aur luptapray prajaatiyon key kaaran jalavaayu parivartan seey sambandhit apane nishkarshon koo roque diyaa haye.
professor henz clat kaa tark haye kii ghrina kaanoonon, bhaashan sanhitaon, kayarta aur raajneetik shuddhata key parinamswarup aadhunik samay key shaikshanik halakon mein bauddhik roop seey damankari vatavaran paida huaa haye, jisamen samalaingikta, (seekhane) akshamta, islam aur maanav naslon aur lingon key beach aanuvanshik antar jaise vishayon parr vyaapak aatm-censorship haye.
vaigyaanik prakashanon seey jokhim.
paramanu bhautiki key shuruati dinon mein, yeh mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa kii paramanu vikhandan aur shrinkhala pratikriya key baare mein khojon kaa upayog laabhkaari aur hanikarak donon uddeshyon key liye kiya jaa sakata haye-ack or, aisee khojon kaa dawa aur oorjaa utpaadan key liye mahatvapurna anuprayog hoe sakata haye, halanki doosari or, way saamoohik vinash key abhootpoorv hathiyaron key utpaadan kaa bhee kaaran bunn sakate hain. leo syllard kaa tark haye kii aggar khatarnak khojon koo gupt rakhaa jaataa haye, tou aise hathiyaron key vikas aur upayog seey bachaa jaa sakata haye. isi tarah, chikitsa aur jaiv praudyogiki key kshetra mein nishkarsh saamoohik vinash key javic hathiyaron key utpaadan koo suvidhajanak banaa sakate hain. 2003 mein patrika sampadakon aur lekhakon key samooh key sadasyon, 32 pramukh patrika sampadakon ney javic yuddh seey khatare koo apane samudaay key shodh key kuchh pahaluon key saarvajanik prasaar parr aatm-censorship kii pranali kaa samarthan karane key liye paryaapt roop seey uchch maanaa. bayaan parr sahamati vyakt kii gaeeh
humm maanate hain kii jaiv aatankvaad kii sambhavana ney prakaashit jaankaari key sambhaavit durupyog key baare mein vaidh chintaon koo uthaaya haye... humm suraksha aur suraksha muddon key saath jimmedaari seey aur prabhaavi dhang seey nipatane key liye pratibaddh hain joe prakaashan key liye prastut kiye gaye patron dwara uthaaye jaa sakate hain, aur aise muddon kii pehchaan karane kii hamari kshamata badhaane key liye joe way utpann hotey hain...[o] kaee maukon parr ack sampaadak yeh nishkarsh nikaal sakata haye kii prakaashan kaa sambhaavit nuksan sambhaavit samajik laabhon seey adhik haye... pepper koo sanshodhit kiya jaanaa chaahiye yaa prakaashit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye...
kshetra dwara.
africa.
aatm-censorship kaee cumm-loktaantrik african raajyon, jaise kii ethiopia, uganda aur zambia mein patrakaron koo prabhaavit karati paaee gaee haye.
madhya asia.
swa-censorship key vyaapak abhyaas koo madhya asia mein swatantra patrakaarita key vikas key liye mahatvapurna roop seey hanikarak bataaya gayaa haye.
chean.
chean mein, media aur nagrikon koo online post kii jaane vaali samagri koo sensor karane key liye aur bhee adhik hudd taka jaanaa padata haye. kaee companiyon koo sarkaar dwara prakaashit samagri key kaaran bund curr diyaa gayaa haye. octuber 2018 mein lagbhag 10,000 soshal media khaaton koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa joe manoranjan aur celebrity samachar prakaashit karate they. saath hii 370 vibhinn streaming aip jinhen gair-anupaalan key liye aip store seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. sarkari hastakshep kii inn badee sankhya key kaaran, internet parr prakaashit honey vaali companiyan aur network abb logon koo rojgar dey rahey hain aur aise video aur chitra khojane key liye parishkrit karyakramon kaa upayog curr rahey hain joe sarkaar dwara unhein musibat mein daalane seey pahale hataane key liye aapattijanak hain.
cheeni adhikaariyon koo khush karane kii koshish curr rahee paschimi companiyon dwara swa-censorship ney anya deshon mein nagrikon key liye upalabdh samagri kii gunavatta koo bhee prabhaavit kiya haye. yeh teji seey video game koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, jisamen paschimi developers bhee shamil hain joe apane utpaadon koo cheeni gamers koo bhee bechana chaahte hain.
columbia.
swayam-censorship koo kolambiyai patrakaarita koo prabhaavit karane vaalaa paaya gayaa haye.
europe.
vibhinn sandarbhon mein kaee europeeya deshon mein swa-censorship key udaaharan paae gaye hain.
europeeya sangh key adhikaariyon parr chean aur europeeya sangh key beach rajanyik daraaron seey bachane key liye chean dwara samvedansheel maane jaane vaale vishayon parr swa-censorship kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa haye.
europe mein haal key varshon mein media kii swatantrata key liye khatron mein ullekhaniya vriddhi hui haye. patrakaron aur whisselbloers ney shaaririk aur manovaigyaanik dhamki aur dhamkiyon kaa anubhav kiya haye. swa-censorship aisee paristhitiyon key pramukh parinamon mein seey ack haye.
europe kii parishad dwara 2017 mein prakaashit ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii sarvekshan mein shamil 40 pratishat patrakaron ney kissy prakaar key anuchit hastakshep kaa anubhav kiya, vishesh roop seey manovaigyaanik hinsa mein, jisamen apaprachaar aur dhabba lagaane kaa abhiyaan, cyberbulling shamil hain. anuchit hastakshep key anya roopon mein hita samoohon dwara dhamki, bull key saath dhamki, raajneetik samoohon dwara dhamki, lakshit nigrani, pulis dwara dhamki aadi shamil hain. bhugol key sandarbh mein, dakshin coccus mein shaaririk hamale key mamle adhik aam they, usake baad turkey, lekin anya kshetron mein bhee maujood they.
indoneshiya.
2010 key dashak kii shuruat mein, kaee indoneshiyai samachar patra patrakaron key peshevar abhyaas key sandarbh mein swa-censorship kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa thaa.
palestine.
dusare lebnan yuddh key dauran israeli media mein swa-censorship paaee gaee thee. yeh israel-philistine sangharsh seey sambandhit kaee bahason koo prabhaavit karane key liye bhee paaya gayaa haye.
pakistan.
2000 key dashak mein pakistani media key sandarbh mein swa-censorship prathaon kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa haye.
roose.
roose mein lambe samay seey swa-censorship maujood thee. 1990 key dashak mein saamyvaad key patan key baad ack sankshipt chhoot key baad, 2000 key sarkari adhigrahan aur media key samekan key baad roose mein ack baar phir swa-censorship ack baar phir seey kaafee prachalit pratha bunn gaee, joe 'avaanchhaniya sangathanon' parr 2014-2015 kaanoonon key baad aur gahari hoe gaee.
turkey.
turkey mein swa-censorship mein vriddhi hui haye kyonki 2000 key dashak key anta mein nyaay aur vikas dall (aeye. key. pee.) sarkaar key tahat press kii swatantrata mein girawat aaee haye. prabhaavit kshetron mein anya key beach armenian narsamhar kii charcha shamil haye.
sanyukt raajya america.
americi sarvekshan key anusaar, 2019 mein 40 pratishat americi apane munn kii baat kahane key liye swatantra mahsoos naheen karate they. lagbhag 60 pratishat college key chhatron ney bataaya kii way parisar key baare mein apane vichaar vyakt karane mein sahaj mahsoos naheen karate they.

