aage badhein

loriur (purana norseh; laudur bhee) norse pauranik kathaaon mein ack devta haye. kavita mein, unhein pahale manushyon koo sajeev banaane mein ack bhoomika saunpi gaee haye, lekin isake alawa unakaa shayed hii kabhi ullekh kiya gayaa haye, aur way abhee bhee aspasht hain. vidvaanon ney unhein vibhinn prakaar seey loki, way, villie aur freer key saath pahachaana haye, lekin kissy ack siddhant parr aam sahamati naheen bunny haye.
naam aur vyutpatti.
naam kaa arth agyaat haye. ise vibhinn puraane norse shabdon seey jodaa gayaa haye, jaise, "phal, bhoomi", "loga" aur "aakarshit karna". iss sandarbh mein gothic shabd, "badhane key liye" aur "aakar", saath hii german shabd "bhadakane key liye" kaa bhee ullekh kiya gayaa haye.
kathor drotquet meater mein rachit scaldic kavita mein lorier key naam kii chhand sthiti ingit karati haye kii isamen/oh/key bajaay dhwani moolya/oh/hotaa haye. yeh sakshya, halanki majboot haye, nirvivaad naheen haye aur kuchh vidvaanon ney ise padhane key liye kahaa haye. (λοδür kaa naam bhee,,,,,,,,,,,,,, yaa key roop mein darshaaya yaa angrejeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye.)
dennish aur norwegian, swedish, saath hii finish sambhavatah "shaniwar" seey vyutpann hoe sakate hain, halanki adhik aam taur parr vyutpatti "dhulai key dinn" seey utpann honey kaa prastaav haye.
pramanan.
kuchh bhee naheen.
kavyatmak edda mein, naam kewal ack baar aataa haye; jahan devta pahale manushyon koo sajeev karate hain.
inn strophes key sateek arth aur "voluspa" mein unake sandarbh parr bahas kii jaati haye. vartamaan charcha key liye sabse adhik praasangik hain aur key liye lauder key upahaar. yeh shabd aspasht haye aur anuvaad "maans kii film" aur "rakt" una kaee sambhaavanaon mein seey kewal dou hain joe sujhaae gaye hain. litu goda" vakyansh kuchh cumm kathin haye aur paaramparik roop seey "achche rung", "achche aakar" yaa "achche dikhane" key roop mein vyakhya kii jaati haye.
19veen shatabdi key swedish vidwan victor rideberg ney ack padhane kaa prastaav rakhaa, jiska arth haye "devtaon kaa aakar", aur iss rekha koo sanket key roop mein dekhaa kii devtaon ney apani chhavi mein manushyon kaa nirmaan kiya. jabaki paandulipiyaan dhvanyaatmak/oh/aur/oh/key beach antar naheen karati hain, adhikansh anya vidvaanon ney chhand sambandhi karanon seey/oh/padhane koo prathamikta dee haye. halanki, aiss fornidislag kii materical sanrachana bahut kathor naheen haye aur 1983 mein rideberg key siddhant koo gronsland dwara phir seey samarthit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh abhee bhee bahas kaa vishay haye.
anya pramaan.
stroff key alawa, mool sroton mein kewal dou baar lauder kaa naam aataa haye. naam scaldic kavitaon mein paaya jaataa haye aur jahan "lorier key dost" kaa upayog odin key liye ack caining key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. yeh lauder kii bhoomika key saath susangat lagata haye.
snorry sterlusson key "gadya edda" mein, lori spasht roop seey anupasthit haye. yahaan manushyon kii rachana kaa shreya boor key putron koo diyaa jaataa haye, jinhen snorry kaheen aur odin, villie aur way key roop mein naam detaa haye.
snorry aksar apane kaam mein uddharan dete hain, lekin iss mamle mein vaha naheen karate hain. humm yeh naheen zaan sakate kii kyaa vaha uparokt stroff koo jaanate they yaa kyaa vaha poori tarah seey anya sroton seey kaam curr rahey they.
nordendorff faibula.
kabhi-kabhi charcha mein laaya gayaa ack anya srot nordendorff faibula haye. lagbhag 600 esvi kii iss kalaakriti mein runik shilalekh logthorvodanvigithoner haye. ise aamtaur parr "logathor vodan wigithoner" key roop mein vyakhya kii jaati haye, jahan "vodan" odin haye aur "wigithoner" shayed thore haye. logathor" kaa teesare bhagwan kaa naam honah swabhavik hoga, lekin norse pauranik kathaaon mein koee spasht pehchaan naheen haye jaisa kii humm jaanate hain. lore aur loki donon kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa haye, lekin vyutpatti sambandhi tark kamjor haye, aur dridh nishkarsh parr naheen pahuncha jaa sakata haye.
siddhant.
choonki "gadya edda" mein boor key putron kaa ullekh usee sandarbh mein kiya gayaa haye jaise "voluspa" mein "ninir" aur "luur", kuchh vidvaanon ney tark diyaa haye kii luur yaa tou villie yaa "way" key liye doosara naam hoe sakata haye. victor rideberg iss siddhant key shuruati prastaavak they, lekin haal hii mein iss parr bahut cumm dhyaan diyaa gayaa haye.
vidwan ursula dronke dwara prastaavit ack adhik lokpriya siddhant yeh haye kii "lorier" "loki/loptra kaa teesara naam haye. isake liye mukhya tark yeh haye kii devtaodin, neer aur loki "hustlong" mein ack tikadi key roop mein, gadya prastaavana mein "reginsmal" mein aur "lock tatur" mein bhee ack faaro geet haye joe lokkathaon mein norse devtaon kii ghatana kaa ack durlabh udaaharan haye. odin-caining "lodur kaa dost" aage caining "loptra kaa dost" key samanantar dikhaai detaa haye aur loki koo isi tarah hostlong mein "hanir kaa dost" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, joe tikadi key sambandh koo majboot kartaa haye. jabaki kaee vidwan iss pehchaan seey sahmat hain, yeh saarvbhaumik roop seey sweekaar naheen kiya jaataa haye. isake khilaf ack tark yeh haye kii loki baad mein ack dusht vyakti key roop mein dikhaai detaa haye, joe ack "shaktishali aur prempurna" vyakti key roop mein lore kii chhavi key saath virodhabhasi prateet hotaa haye. zaan dee vreez aur georges dumazil sahit kaee vidvaanon ney bhee loki key samaan devta key roop mein luur kii pehchaan kii haye.
haal hii mein, iceland vishvavidyalaya key hakur thorgeson ney sujhaav diyaa kii loki aur lori ack hii devta key alag-alag naam they, joe usa parr adharit haye kii loki koo rimur mein lori key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. haakud kaa tark haye kii kyaa rimur snorry parr adharit haye yaa ack lock srot lekhak key paas yaa tou ack parampara seey pehchaan key baare mein jaankaari honey chaahiye yaa edic kavitaon key aadhar parr nishkarsh nikala jaanaa chaahiye, kyonki snorry ney apane edda mein lori kaa ullekh naheen kiya haye. choonki kavya edda kii samagri koo 1400 key aspas bhulaa diyaa gayaa maanaa jaataa haye jaba rimur koo likhaa gayaa thaa, aur ack paaramparik pehchaan key liye tark dete hain. hakur yeh bhee ingit kartaa haye kii kahaan vahee pehchaan loki aur lori key saath kii jaati haye. hakur thorgirson kaa kahana haye kii jaba taka sambhav lekin asambhav vichaar naheen haye kii 14veen aur 15veen shatabdi key kaviyon key paas hamaare liye agyaat likhit srot they, taba taka yeh vichaar yaa tou una sroton seey aaya hoga jahaan seey kaviyon ney ack samaan nishkarsh nikala hoga kii loki aur lore kuchh haal key vidvaanon kii tarah samaan hain yaa yeh kii abhee bhee ack maukhik parampara key avashesh they. haakud ney nishkarsh nikala kii yadi loriur koo aitihaasik roop seey loki seey ack swatantra devta maanaa jaataa thaa, tou unaki pehchaan kaba aur kyon hui, iss parr charcha karna uchit haye.
freer key saath ack pehchaan bhee prastaavit kii gaee haye. yeh siddhant luur key naam key sambhaavit prajanan-sambandhi arthon parr jore detaa haye lekin anyatha iska samarthan karane key liye bahut cumm pratyaksh pramaan hain.

