
neuroimaging intelligence pareekshan

neuroimaging intelligence pareekshan maanav buddhimatta kaa mulyankan karane key liye neuroimaging takneekon key upayog seey sambandhit haye. neuroimaging takneek ney iss tarah seey pragati kii haye kii vaigyaanik aaee. kyu. seey sambandhit mastishk kaary kii jaanch key liye neuroimaging kaa teji seey upayog karane kii ummeed karate hain.
aaee. kyu. pareekshan.
paaramparik aaee. kyu. pareekshan vyavhaar key namoonon kii ack maankeekrit battery mein pareekshan lene vaale key pradarshan kaa nireekshan karate hain. parinami aaee. kyu. maanak ank bahut adhik jaanch kaa vishay haye kyonki manovaigyaanik aaee. kyu. aur anya jeevan parinamon key beach sahsambandh kii jaanch karate hain. vayaskon aur bachchon key liye weeksler aaee. kyu. parikshanon koo lambe samay seey aaee. kyu. pareekshan mein "swarn maanak" maanaa jaataa rhaa haye.
buddhimatta key tantrika aadhar.
vibhinn buddhimatta sanketon key liye imaging-adharit pareekshan khoj kii vibhinn takneeken. iss sameeksha mein vishleshan kii gaee buddhimatta key prakaar drav buddhimatta (jee. aff.), samanya buddhimatta (jee.) aur crystallised intelligence (jee. see.) they. praarambhik adhyayanon mein mastishk kshati vaale rogiyon seey jaankaari kaa upayog kiya gayaa, jisamen mastishk key kuchh kshetron seey sambandhit buddhimatta ankon mein parivartanon koo dekhaa gayaa. jaise-jaise imaging takneek mein sudhaar huaa haye, vaise-vaise isamen gahare tantrika-vishleshan kii kshamata haye. aim. aar. aaee. adhyayanon mein paaya gayaa haye kii dhusar padaarth kii matra buddhi seey sambandhit haye, joe mastishk/sir key aakar aur buddhi key sambandh mein kiye gaye saamaanyikaran key liye sakshya pradaan karati haye. isake alawa, paltu janwar aur aff. aim. aar. aaee. adhyayanon ney mastishk key kuchh kshetron kii karyakshamta key baare mein adhik jaankaari kaa khulasa kiya haye. vibhinn prakaar key karyon koo puuraa karane key saath-saath vishayon kii mastishk gatividhi koo record karke aur vyakhya karke, shodhkarta mastishk key vishesh kshetron mein kaam karane vaale kaary key prakaron (aur iss prakaar, buddhi key prakaar) key beach sambandh banaane mein saksham hotey hain. mastishk key hisson kaa upayog kaise kiya jaataa haye, yeh jaanana tantrika vikas mein upayog kii jaane vaali sanrachana aur padanukram key baare mein adhik jaankaari prakat curr sakata haye. yeh tantrika sanketon key maargon key baare mein dilchasp jaankaari bhee pradaan curr sakata haye kyonki way tantrika tantra koo navigate karate hain. chhavi-adharit pareekshan shodhkartaon koo yeh pataa lagaane mein madad curr sakata haye kii kuchh neurons kyon judey hue hain, yadi way vaastav mein ack uddeshyapurna tareeke seey sanrekhit hain aur parinamswarup, jaba way kshatigrast hoe jaate hain tou aise maargon kii marammat kaise karein.
samanya taur parr, dou prakaar key buddhimatta adhyayan hue hainh manomitik aur javic. javic drishtikon neuroimaging takneekon kaa upayog karate hain aur mastishk key kaary kii jaanch karate hain. manomaapak mansik kshamataon parr kendrit haye. ian derry aur sahyogiyon kaa sujhaav haye kii inn takneekon kaa ack badaa ativyaapi nae nishkarshon koo prakat karega.
manomitiyaan.
manomapi adhyayan kaa ack kshetra haye joe vishesh roop seey manovaigyaanik maap key liye samarpit haye aur isamen dou mukhya kaary shamil hainh (i) maap key liye upkaranon aur prakriyaon kaa nirmaan; aur (ii) maap key liye saiddhaantik drishtikon kaa vikas aur parishkaran. mastishk-adharit buddhimatta pareekshan inn donon pahaluon seey sambandhit hain. aadhunik takneeken kuchh javic visheshtaon parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye vikasit hui hainh mastishk kaa ksharan, mastishk kaa aakar aur tantrika chaalan kii gati. inn cheejon koo maapane key liye vibhinn upkaranon kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye.
mastishk ghatana seey sambandhit kshamataaen (aeye. aar. pee. aiss.).
mastishk truti manovaigyaanik roop seey dilchasp prasanskaran key "anukraman" key liye anumati detaa haye. inn ghatana-sambandhit kshamataon koo samvedi, sangyanatmak yaa motor ghatnaaon jaise vishisht uttejanaon key liye mastishk kii pratikriyaon koo maapa jaataa haye. mansik gati" kii tulanaa mein, irps ney iq key saath nakaratmak sahsambandh dikhaaya haye. aeye. aar. pee. aiss. key saath shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii uchch aaee. kyu. vyaktiyon mein kuchh pareekshan sthitiyon mein teji seey pratikriya samay hotaa haye, unamen alag-alag aeye. aar. pee. tarang roop hotey hain joe cumm aaee. kyu. aiss. vaale logon kii tulanaa mein alag hotey hain, aur unake aeye. aar. pee. aiss. mein cumm parivartansheelta hoe sakati haye. parivartansheelta kii kamee seey pataa chalata haye kii uchch aaee. kyu. vaale vyaktiyon koo vibhinn pareekshan sthitiyon mein achche ank milenge.
irps koo electroencephalography (ee. ee. jee.) kaa upayog karke maapa jaa sakata haye, joe mastishk kii vidyut gatividhi koo maapane key liye khopadi parr rakhe gaye electrode kaa upayog kartaa haye. arp tarang swayam kaee parikshanon (100 yaa adhik) key ausat parinamon seey nirmit hoti haye. ausat yaadrichhik-mastishk gatividhi seey sanket shore koo cumm kartaa haye, jisase kewal arp reh jaataa haye. aeye. aar. pee. aiss. kaa ack laabh yeh haye kii way lagaatar uttejana aur pratikriya key beach prasanskaran koo maapate hain. jaankaari kii iss dhaara key honey seey yeh dekhana sambhav hoe jaataa haye kii mastishk kii vidyut gatividhi vishisht uttejanaon seey kahaan prabhaavit hoe rahee haye.
mastishk kaa aakar.
aim. aar. aaee. kaa upayog karke, shodhkarta mastishk key aakar key aayatan maap praapt karane mein saksham hain. kuchh adhyayanon ney mastishk key aakar (jiska arth aayatan) aur buddhi key beach sambandh koo samajhaane kii koshish kii haye, vishesh roop seey aaee. kyu. key sandarbh mein. samanya taur parr, yeh paaya gayaa haye kii poorna paimaane parr iq aur maukhik iq kaa pradarshan iq kii tulanaa mein mastishk key aakar key saath ack majboot sambandh haye. kuchh logon kaa maanana haye kii gray aur white matter vishesh roop seey alag-alag iq (maukhik iq key saath gray matter aur pradarshan iq key saath white matter) seey sambandhit hain, lekin parinam susangat naheen rahey hain. yeh paaya gayaa haye kii prantstha key bheetar, aaee. kyu. key saath sahsambandh prefrontal gray matter kii matra seey bahut prabhaavit thaa.
2009 key ack adhyayan mein judwa bachchon mein intracerebral volumetric sambandhon kii jaanch kii gaee. uchch resolution aim. aar. aaee. detta kaa upayog karate hue, unhone mastishk sanrachanaon key beach majboot aanuvanshik sambandh paae. vishesh roop seey, adhyayan seey pataa chalata haye kii ootak prakaar yaa sthaanik nikatata aur jeane key beach ack majboot sahsambandh maujood haye. judvaan bachchon key mastishk key aakar key beach antar yaa kamee kii jaanch karke, shodhkartaon ney nishkarsh nikala kii jinn vyaktiyon key jeane saajha hotey hain (i.ee. judvaan) aanuvanshik roop seey asambandhit vyaktiyon kii tulanaa mein samaan shaaririk mastishk guna dikhaayenge. yeh adhyayan mastishk kii sanrachana aur aakar key aanuvanshik prabhaav kaa pramaan pradaan kartaa haye, joe maanaa jaataa haye kii donon kissy naa kissy tarah seey buddhi koo prabhaavit karate hain.
2006 mein ack anya adhyayan ney 100 postmortem mastishkon kii jaanch kii, jisamen ack vyakti key poorna paimaane key wexler vayask buddhimatta paimaane key score aur unake mastishk kshetron kii matra key beach sambandh kii maang kii gaee. mrityu seey pahale, vishayon ney vis pareekshan puuraa curr liya thaa, joe maukhik aur drishya kshamataon koo maapata haye. mastishk key aakar aur buddhi key beach sambandh key liye mahatvapurna maane jaane vaale kaarak umr, ling aur golardh karyatmak parshvikaran they. unhone paaya kii samanya maukhik kshamata mahilaaon aur daaen haath key purushon mein mastishk kii matra key saath sahsambaddh thee. haalaanki, pratyek samooh key saath kshamata aur matra key beach sambandh khojana sambhav naheen thaa.
tantrika chaalan gati.
tantrika chaalan wegg (aine. see. vee.) kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa haye, joe alag-alag parinam detaa haye. kuchh logon ney parikalpana kii haye kii "uchch buddhimatta behtar 'tantrika dakshata' seey judee haye.'kuchh adhyayanon ney tantrika chaalan wegg aur bahuayami yogyata battery (aim. aeye. bee.) parr score key beach ack sambandh kaa sujhaav diyaa. haalaanki, anya adhyayanon ney inn daavon koo chunauti dee haye, tantrika chaalan wegg aur pratikriya samay (aar. tii.) key beach bahut cumm sahsambandh paaya haye.
reven key pragatisheel matricks.
reven key pragatisheel matricks (aar. pee. aim.) ack pareekshan haye jisamen 60 bahuvikalpiya prashn hotey hain joe kathinaaee mein vriddhi karate hain. aar. pee. aim. pattern pehchaan parr adharit haye aur ack ashaabdik samooh pareekshan haye, jisamen pareekshan lene vaale koo laapata tatva kii pehchaan karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe pattern koo puuraa kartaa haye. pareekshan tark kshamata koo maapane key liye banaaya gayaa haye. inn parikshanon key parinamon koo phir imaging adhyayanon key parinamon key saath jodaa jaataa haye aur sambandh banaae jaate hain.ee. uchch aar. pee. aim. ank aur ack vishisht mastishk sanrachana kaa badhaa huaa aakar.
reven key unnat pragatisheel matricks.
reven kaa unnat pragatisheel matricks (rapp) ack 36-itum pareekshan haye jiska upayog jee. aff. koo maapane key liye kiya jaataa haye. naveen samasya samadhan aur tark kshamataon mein antar key liye rapp pareekshan. aar. pee. aim. key samaan, vishay aathh vikalpon kii soochi seey 3x3 matricks key laapata tukade kii pehchaan karate hue pattern koo puuraa karate hain.
aine-back working memori (doubleu. aim.) kaary.
aine-back doubleu. aim. kaary kaa upayog aamtaur parr neuroimaging key dauran sangyanatmak gatividhi koo maapane key liye kiya jaataa haye. berges aur anya key anusaar.,
"aine-back kaary koo aam taur parr doubleu. aim. mein jaankaari key adyatan kii aavashyakta key baare mein socha jaataa haye, kyonki, pratyek kramik roop seey prastut vastu key liye, pratibhaagi koo yeh nirnay lena chaahiye kii kyaa yeh prastut vastu aine parikshanon seey mell khaata haye (jahaan aine purvanirdhaarit haye, aur aamtaur parr 1,2, yaa 3 vastuon key barabar hotaa haye)."
aim. aar. aaee. machine key ander, vishayon koo vibhinn prakaar key karyon koo puuraa karane key liye kahaa jaataa haye. mastishk kii gatividhi koo taba aim. aar. aaee. kaa upayog karke pakada jaataa haye aur darj kiya jaataa haye, jisase mastishk kii vishisht pratikriyaon koo unake sambandhit aine-back karyon key saath jodaa jaa sakata haye.
neuroimaging takneeken.
paltu janwar.
positron utsarjan tomography gaama kiranon kaa pataa lagaati haye kyonki way ack tracer seey utsarjit hoti hain jise shareer mein inject kiya gayaa haye. yeh neuroimaging mein upayogi haye kyonki yeh dhaarana haye kii uchch radiodharmita key kshetra uchch mastishk gatividhi seey judey hain.
billi scan.
computed axial tomography (billi) yaa computed tomography (ct) shareer kii tomographic chhaviyaan banaati haye. neuroimaging adhyayanon key liye, computer-sansaadhit aiks-ray kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye aur vibhinn sanrachanaon dwara aiks-ray avrodh kii matra kaa upayog mastishk kii chhavi 'slies' utpann karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. billi scan vishesh roop seey mastishk kii vishisht sanrachanaon key aakar (matra) koo nirdhaarit karane key liye upayogi hain.
vaishvik sampark.
sent mein washington vishvavidyalaya seey 2012 kaa ack adhyayan. lui ney prefrontal cortex kii vaishvik sampark kaa varnan kiya. vaishvik sampark vaha tantra haye jisake dwara frontoperital mastishk network key ghatak anya karyon key niyantran kaa samanvaya curr sakate hain. coley aur anya. unhone likhaah
"ack paarshv poorv-agravarti prantstha (ell. pee. aff. see.) kshetra kii gatividhi koo uchch niyantran maang kaary smriti kaary mein pradarshan kaa anuman lagaane aur uchch vaishvik sampark kaa pradarshan karane key liye bhee paaya gayaa thaa. gambhir roop seey, iss ell. pee. aff. see. kshetra mein vaishvik sampark, jisamen frontoperital network key bheetar aur baahar donon connection shamil hain, ney taral buddhimatta mein vyaktigat antar key saath ack atyadhik chayanaatmak sambandh dikhaaya."
paarshv poorv-agravarti prantstha ack dilchasp kshetra haye kyonki jinn logon koo mastishk key usa hisse mein chotein aatee hain, unhein aksar apane dinn kii yojana banaane jaise samanya, harr dinn key karyon key saath samasyaaen hoti hain. ell. pee. aff. see. koo "sangyanatmak niyantran kshamata" key liye mahatvapurna maanaa jaataa haye, jiska upayog school aur kaaryasthal mein safalata jaise bhavishya key parinamon kii bhavishyavani karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh vaine daine heuvel aitt all dwara paaya gayaa thaa. kii uchch khufiya vyakti adhik kushal poore mastishk network sangathan koo niyukt karate hain. isase yeh vichaar aaya kii sangyanatmak niyantran kshamata inn poore mastishk network gunon dwara samarthit hoe sakati haye. 2012 key adhyayan mein neuroimage detta key liye ack saiddhaantik drishtikon kaa upayog kiya gayaa jise vaishvik mastishk sampark (jee. bee. see.) yaa bhaarit degree kendriyata key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. jee. bee. see. shodhon koo vishisht kshetron aur unaki sampark kii seema koo bariki seey dekhane detaa haye. taba maanav sangyanatmak niyantran aur buddhimatta mein pratyek kshetra kii bhoomika kii jaanch karna sambhav thaa. adhyayan mein detta praapt karane aur pratyek kshetra kii samparkta kii jaanch karane key liye fmri kaa upayog kiya gayaa.
naitik nihitarth.
gopaniyata aur gopaniyata neuroimaging adhyayanon key liye pramukh chintaaen hain. uchch-resolution shaaririk chhaviyon key saath, jaise kii aff. aim. aar. aaee. dwara utpann, vyaktigat vishayon kii pehchaan karna sambhav haye, jisase unaki vyaktigat/chikitsa gopaniyata koo khatra hoe sakata haye. ack aayatan aim. aar. aaee. seey mastishk aur chehare kii satah kaa pratipaadan karna sambhav haye, jise vyakti kii pehchaan karane key liye tasveeron key saath jodaa jaa sakata haye.
yeh adhik sweekaar kiya jaa rhaa haye kii buddhi key liye ack tantrika-javic aadhar maujood haye (cumm seey cumm tark aur samasya-samadhan key liye). inn buddhimatta adhyayanon kii safalata naitik muddon koo prastut karati haye. samanya aabaadi key liye ack badee chinta nasl aur buddhimatta kaa mudda haye. jabaki nasleeya samoohon key beach bahut cumm bhinnata paaee gaee haye, khufiya adhyayanon kii saarvajanik dhaarana naslavaad kii chintaon seey nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit hui haye. jansankhya-samoohon (nasleeya yaa jaatiya) mein buddhimatta key antar kii jaanch karane vaale adhyayanon key parinamon parr vichaar karna mahatvapurna haye aur kyaa inn adhyayanon kaa sanchaalan karna naitik haye. ack adhyayan seey pataa chalata haye kii ack samooh dusare kii tulanaa mein javic roop seey adhik buddhiman haye, joe tanaav kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. isase tantrika vigyaani vyaktigat yaa samooh key beach buddhi mein antar kii jaanch karane key liye anichhuk hoe gaye hain, kyonki unhein naslavaadi maanaa jaa sakata haye.

