harey casal surang

harekaisal surang bachchon key liye aur surang key beach staffordshire mein trent aur mercy nahar parr ack nahar surang haye. yeh surang, joe lambi haye, kabhi desh mein sabse lambi surangon mein seey ack thee. iska audyogik uddeshya staffordshire mitty key bartanon mein bhatton taka koyale kaa parivahan karna thaa. nahar goldenhill key paas harey mahal pahaadi key neeche chalati haye, joe stoke-onn-trent mein sabse oonchaa jilaa haye.
halanki ack surange key roop mein varnit, khargosh vaastav mein dou alag-alag lekin samanantar surangen hain joe lagbhag 50 varshon key antar seey banaai gaee hain. pahali surang kaa nirmaan 18veen shatabdi key anta mein james brindley dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur doosari badee surang kaa design thomas telford dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur ise 1820 key dashak key anta mein khola gayaa thaa.
pratham vishva yuddh seey kuchh samay pahale aanshik dhahane key baad brindley surang bund honey key baad kewal telford surang naugamya bunny hui haye. choonki telford surang kewal ack naav key liye paryaapt chaudi haye, isaliye nahar yatayat kaa prabandhan surang key madhyam seey uttar kii or aur dakshin kii or naavon key samoohon koo baari-baari seey bhejkar kiya jaataa haye. dakshin portal parr badey vidyut pankhon dwara ventilation pradaan kiya jaataa haye.
brindley surang.
haracasal pahaadi key madhyam seey pahali surang koo nahar engineer, james brindley dwara design kiya gayaa thaa. nirmaan 1770 mein shuru huaa jaba surang kaa sarvekshan maarg pahaadi key oopar chihnit kiya gayaa thaa. pandrah urdhvaadhar shaft koo taba jameen mein duba diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase nausenaon ney nahar rekha banaane key liye shaft key neeche seey baahar kii or khanan kiya thaa. haalaanki, chattan key prakaar mein parivartan joe naram prithvi seey laker millstone gritt taka they, engineering samasyaon kaa kaaran baney.
jaba taka pampon koo sanchaalit karane key liye vaat bhaap injanon koo pesh naheen kiya gayaa, taba taka surang sthalon mein bhee niyamit roop seey baadh aaa gaee. ventilation kii samasya koo door karane key liye upcast pipe key neeche choolhe lagaae gaye they. 1772 mein brindley kii mrityu key bavjood, pahali surang-joe lambi maapi gaee thee-1777 mein poori hui thee. khulane parr, yeh chesterfield nahar (brindley dwara oob gaee) parr norwood surang koo britten key nahar network parr sabse lambi surang key roop mein paar curr gaee.
choonki surang mein koee topath naheen thaa, isaliye naavikon koo surang key madhyam seey apana raasta taya karna padaa. naav kii chhat parr letkar aur surang kii divaaron key khilaf aage badhane key liye pairon kaa upayog karke legging kii jaati thee. yeh dheemi mehnat thee. surang key madhyam seey yatra kaa samay ausatan teen ghante thaa. jaba sankeern naukaaen surang key madhyam seey jaati theen, tou naav key ghodon koo "bothors road" key madhyam seey harey casal pahaadi key oopar seey leey jaaya jaataa thaa. ack lodgkeeper (abb borne cottage) ney ghode kii aavaajaahi kii nigrani kii, jinka netritva aksar naav key bachche karate they, kyonki way bachchon key ghodon aur surang key beach kii oonchi jameen koo paar karate they.
brindley surang key khulane key varshon key bheetar, design mein isaki seema jald hii spasht hoe gaee. audyogik kranti key parinamswarup teji seey vikas huaa aur mitty key bartanon mein koyale aur anya kachche maal kii maang mein vriddhi hui. haalaanki, choonki nahar surang apane sabse oonche bindu parr kewal oonchi thee aur isaki adhikatam chaudaai thee, isaliye isaki seemit kshamata ack badee samasya bunn gaee thee. 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, yeh nirnay liya gayaa thaa kii thomas telford dwara doosari surang banaai jaani chaahiye. brindley surang kaa upayog 19veen shatabdi key baaki hisson key liye kiya gayaa thaa jaba taka kii 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein isake patan mein vriddhi naheen hui. 1914 mein aanshik patan key baad ise sthaayi roop seey bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
1960 key dashak mein aprayukt brindley surang kaa niyamit engineering nireekshan bund hoe gayaa. taba seey, uttar yaa dakshin portalon seey kissy bhee mahatvapurna doori seey aage aantarik anveshan naheen kiya gayaa haye. donon pravesh dwaar bund hain aur abb naav seey naheen pahunch sakate hain. brindley surang seey nahar mein pravesh karane vaale paani koo nahar mein pramukh lauh ayask key risaav (paani key jangdar rung key liye jimmedaar) key liye doshi thaharaaya gayaa haye. paani koo chhaanane key liye uttari portal parr nalika bistaron kii sthaapana kaa prastaav kiya gayaa haye.
telford surang.
yatayat kii matra aur legging kii dheemi prakriya key kaaran, 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka brindley kii harekaisal surang trent aur mercy nahar parr ack badee baadha bunn gaee thee. 1820 key dashak kii shuruat taka, ack aayog ney nirnay liya kii ack doosari surang kii aavashyakta thee. sammaanit scotish sivil engineer, thomas telford koo kaam karane key liye anubandhit kiya gayaa thaa. sivil engineering mein pragati key kaaran, badee surang kewal teen saal key kaam key baad 1827 mein poori hui, aur 113,000 pound (million pound key barabar) kii laagat seey. choonki isamen ack topath thaa, ghode abb surang key madhyam seey naukaaon koo kheench sakate they, jisase yatra kaa samay bahut cumm hoe jaataa thaa. iska upayog brindley surang key saath kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen pratyek surang vipareet dishaaon mein naav yatayat leey jaati thee.
telford surang key ander chhoti nahar surangon kii ack shrinkhala key avashesh hain joe goldenhill key aspas koyla khadanon seey judee hui hain. choonki surangen seedhe koyla karkhanon key bhoomigat kaary kii or leey jaati theen, isaliye koyale koo seedhe naavon mein bharaa jaa sakata thaa, jisase ise satah parr kheenchane kii aavashyakta seey bachaa jaa sakata thaa. surangon ney khaanon key liye bahut aavashyak jall nikasi pradaan karane mein bhee madad kii. kewal kshamata vaali chhoti sankeern naukaaen hii inn paarshv surangon kaa upayog curr sakati theen.
surang mein basane seey mukhya kaksh neeche chalaa gayaa aur jagah-jagah paani key beach kaa topath cumm hoe gayaa. parinamswarup, 1914 mein £1,563 () kii laagat seey ack vidyut tugg pesh kiya gayaa thaa. yeh surang key madhyam seey ack samay mein 30 naukaaon koo kheenchane mein saksham thaa, 6 dee ack naav () key charge parr. 1931 mein ack doosara tugg jodaa gayaa thaa. tugg 1954 taka sanchaalit thaa jaba deejal-sanchaalit shilp key liye ventilation mein sudhaar key liye dakshin portal parr 3 × pankhon kii pranali kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. jaba naaven surang key bheetar hoti hain tou ack vayurodhi darwaja bund hotaa haye isaliye surang key madhyam seey lagaatar taaji havaa kheenchi jaati haye. prashansak naavikon koo deejal key dhuein key hanikarak nirmaan seey bachaate hain. aadhunik yatra kaa samay abb lagbhag 30-40 minut haye.
20veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein, telford surang koo aur adhik girawat kaa saamana karna padaa, jisake parinamswarup 1973 aur 1977 key beach ise asthaayi roop seey bund curr diyaa gayaa. iss samay key dauran, surang kii chaudaai badhaane aur surang mein vayu kshamata mein sudhaar karane key liye lambe samay taka upayog kiye gaye tavpath koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.

