
normanton down bairo

normanton down ack navpashan aur kansya yug kaa bairo kabristan haye, joe ingland key wiltshire mein stonehange key dakshin mein haye. dafan 2600 aur 1600 eesaa poorv key beach key hain aur isamen ack navpashan lamba bairo aur kuchh 40 yaa adhik kansya yug key goal bairo hotey hain, joe ack nimn katak key shikhar key saath hotey hain.
khudai.
dakshini kshitij key saath patthar key kinare seey dikhaai dene vaale normanton key neeche key bairo, 2000 eesaa poorv seey salisbury maidan key drishyon kaa hissa rahey hain. 18veen aur 19veen shatabdi mein shaukiya puraatatvidon key beach bairo utkhanan ack lokpriya shauk thaa, jinhen "bairo-diggers" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa."1808 mein, villium cannington aur surr richard coult ney kaee bairo kii khudai kii, jisamen sabse mahatvapurna bairo, busch bairo shamil haye. maanaa jaataa haye kii inmein seey lagbhag sabhi bairo kansya yug key hain, lekin ack lambi bairo sahit kaee visheshtaen pahale kii hain, joe navpashan kaal kii hain. chaalaak aur hoyer ney lambe bairo key poorv chhor parr "dilchasp roop seey ack saath jamaa" maanav avasheshon key chaar seton kaa ullekh kiya. kaee praarambhik khudai key vipareet, horey ney 1812 mein apane nishkarshon kaa ack vistrit vivaran prakaashit kiya. lambe bairo key dakshin mein ack murdaghar gheraa haye; yeh aaytaakaar navpashan mitty kaa kaam, jise abb baahar nikala gayaa haye, havaai photography dwara khoja gayaa thaa aur 1959 mein khudai kii gaee thee.
kaee bairo key liye kanuni sanrakshan 1925 mein shuru kiya gayaa thaa jaba unhein ack anusoochit smaarak naamit kiya gayaa thaa. iss kshetra koo 1987 mein vishva dharohar sthal naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jisake baad seey kissy bhee prakaar kii khudai koo aur bhee sakhti seey niyantrit kiya gayaa haye. isaliye haal key adhyayan ney maujooda khojon aur gair-ghuspaith kshetra kaary kaa punarmulyankan karane parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye. 2007 mein, liverhulm trust dwara vitt poshit birmingham vishvavidyalaya key shodhkartaon ney sabhi british kansya yug key dafanon mein paaee jaane vaali kalakritiyon kaa gahan adhyayan shuru kiya, jisamen busch bairo bhee shamil haye; aur 2010 mein bairo kii sthiti aur sandarbh kaa ack vyaapak sarvekshan angreji viraasat dwara unaki stonehange vishva dharohar sthal paridrishya pariyojana key hisse key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa.
sthal kaa vikas.
normanton down site ack poore kansya yug kabristan key vikas kaa khulasa karati haye. 24 bairo 6 alag-alag anusoochit smaarak padnaamon dwara cover kiye gaye hain, aur cumm seey cumm 35 jeevit bairo kii pehchaan kii gaee thee aur 1957 mein ell vee grinsell dwara ginati kii gaee thee. way dheere-dheere poore kansya yug mein dikhaai diye. ack hii bairo seey dhaki kaee kabrein iss kshetra kii visheshta hain.
kansya yug key shuruati bhaag mein beaker dafanaane kii visheshta thee, joe beaker logon kii visheshta thee. beaker kabron mein vibhinn antim sanskar key saman they aur aamtaur parr goal bairo seey dhake hotey they; haalaanki, inmein seey adhikansh bairo jeevit naheen reh paae, jisase kabron kaa pataa lagaana mushkil hoe gayaa. yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii yeye beaker dafan jyaadaatar paschim mein hain, puraane lambe yaa andakar bairo dwara chihnit kshetron mein. isake alawa, baad mein kuchh pahale seey maujood beaker kabron parr tealey lagaae gaye, jisase praarambhik utkhanankartaon koo unakaa pataa lagaane mein madad millie.
baad mein, kabristan kaa leout naatakiya roop seey badal gayaa. maanak "raikhik" kabristan mukhya katak key saath ubhara, jisamen teen kendra apekshaakrit seedhi rekha mein paridrishya koo chihnit karate hain. bhale hii yeh bahut sambhavana haye kii pratyek kendra pahale ack beaker kabr thaa, lekin badey teelon key nirmaan kii disha mein ack spasht pravritti haye. kuchh hudd taka, vishesh roop seey ack beaker dafan mein aur jhaadi key bairo mein, kabr kaa guchhedaar honah maujood prateet hotaa haye.
haalaanki adhikansh bairo kaa nirmaan praarambhik kansya yug key anta taka kiya gayaa thaa, kansya yug key madhya mein ack mahatvapurna parivartan dikhaai detaa haye. madhya kansya yug key nirmaan key deverail-rimbury kalshon seey judey dafan chhote teelon key samoohon mein maujood hain. usee samay avadhi mein, dafanaane kii prakriya normanton key neeche girati dikhaai detee haye, sambhavatah paschim mein ack ullekhaniya visheshta key aspas kii or sthanantarit hoe rahee haye jise willsford shaft key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe ack gahari shaft haye, joe ack madhya kansya yug key talab bairo key bheetar haye.
busch bairo.
normanton mein sabse prasiddh dafan tealey koo busch bairo kahaa jaataa haye aur yeh 40 meater chauda aur 3 meater unchaa haye. iss puraataatvik sthal koo 1720 key dashak mein villium stookley dwara sheersh parr lagaae gaye pedon key kaaran "busch bairo" naam diyaa gayaa thaa. ise pahale isi kaaran seey "green bairo" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. isaki khudai 1808 mein villium cannington aur surr richard coult-horey dwara kii gaee thee, jinhen tealey key ander kaee kalaakritiyaan mileen.
cannington ney bairo mein ack shareer aur usake aspas kii kalakritiyon kii khoj kaa ack vistrit vivaran likhaa. unhone bataaya kii kabr kaa sir dakshin mein thaa aur shareer koo gaddhe key bajaay farsh parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, jise asamanya maanaa jaataa thaa. khaate mein, chaalaak ney peetal aur lakadi key tukadon kaa varnan kiya haye jinhen abb ack durlabh prakaar key khanjar yaa chaku key avashesh maanaa jaataa haye. aadhunik punarnirmanon ney iss nishkarsh parr pahuncha haye kii kalakritiyon koo shareer key chaaron or bariki seey vyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa.
neeche chaalaak key khaate seey ack uddharan diyaa gayaa haih
"bairo key farsh parr pahunchane parr, hamane dakshin seey uttar kii or padey ack motey aur lambe aadami kaa kankal paayaah usaki jaangh kii huddy kii charam lambai 20 inch thee. sir key dakshin mein lagbhag 18 inch hamein kaee peetal mille (i. ee. kansya) lakadi key saath mishrit rivet aur peetal key kuchh patale tukade lagbhag vighatit hoe gaye. inn vastuon ney 12 inch yaa usase adhik kii jagah koo cover kiya; isaliye yeh sambhav haye kii way ack dhaal key dhaale hue avashesh they. daahine haath key paas peetal kaa ack badaa khanjar aur usee samagri kaa ack bhaala thaa, joe puuraa 13 inch lamba thaa, aur joe hamein abb taka milaa haye, sabse badaa thaa. " 
"kankal key stun key turant oopar soney kii ack badee thaali thee, joe ack loseng key roop mein thee aur 7 inch gunaa 6 inch maapane vaali thee. iss mahaan aabhushan kii satah koo indent rekhaaon, check aur zigzag seey raahat milati haye, joe ruprekha kaa aakar banaate hain, aur loseng key bheetar loseng banaate hain, joe dheere-dheere kendra kii or cumm hoe jaate hain. isake baad hamane kankal key daahine taraf ack bahut hii jigyasu chhidrit patthar, huddy key kuchh baney hue saman, usee samagri key kaee chhote-chhote valay aur soney key ack aur losenz kii khoj kii. choonki iss patthar parr koee ghisane yaa tootane key nishan naheen hain, isaliye main shayed hii ise gharelu upkaran key roop mein upayog kiya gayaa hoe, aur isake samudri keede yaa chhote saampon key samooh seey baney honey kii paristhitiyon seey, mujhe lagata haye kii humm ise parinam kaa lekh maanane mein bahut adhik kaalpanik naheen hoe sakate hain." 
busch bairo seey millie khoj abb wiltshire sangrahalaya mein pradarshit kii jaati haye, joe kii cannington dwara banaai gaee pandulipi noton aur phillip croker dwara banaae gaye chitron koo sanrakshit kartaa haye.
mahatva.
normanton mein paae gaye kabr key saman key prakaar aur matra seey pataa chalata haye kii yeh uchch samajik sthiti vaale logon key liye ack dafan sthaan thaa. bhavya dafan vyavastha kii bhee pehchaan kii gaee haye. udaaharan key liye, khanjar key saath dafan paae gaye varishth purushon koo mool roop seey unake baain or padee kabr mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. yeye purush sambhavatah samudayik netaa they joe apane dainik jeevan mein khanjaron koo tote karate they.
isake alawa, poore roop seey normanton kaa sthaan ack vishesh dafan sthal kaa sujhaav detaa haye. ise harr disha mein (uttar-paschim koo chhodkar) patthar key kinare aur anya katak key spasht aur aakarshak drishyon key saath rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur ise usee vilayan aksh dwara paar kiya jaataa haye joe patthar key kinare seey gujarta haye. normanton down key aage key adhyayan seey pataa chalaa haye kii isake aspas key kshetron key saapeksh site parr flint-working kii anupasthiti haye. aisaa lagata haye kii yeh sthaan rosemarra kii gatividhiyon seey alag thaa aur sambhavatah vishesh mahatva rakhta thaa. 
anya samaan kabristanon kii tulanaa mein, normanton down sthaan mein kaee bell bairo aur ack tashtari bairo key alawa disk bairo kii asamanya roop seey uchch sankhya hoti haye.