
francisi yuddhapot brenus

brenus (francisi nausena) key liye banaaya gayaa pahala poorv-bhayaavah yuddhapot thaa. 1896 mein puuraa honey key baad, vaha apani kaksha kii ekmatra sadasya thee, jisamen kendra rekha parr bhaari bandookon kii ack mukhya battery luggy thee aur belleville boiler kaa pahala upayog kiya gayaa thaa. unhone baad key kaee designs key liye aadhar banaaya, jisaki shuruat charles martel seey hui. 1893 mein puuraa honey key baad, jahaaj bahut bhaari thaa aur seva mein pravesh karane key liye taiyar honey seey pahale agale teen varshon mein iska punarnirmaan karna thaa.
"brenus" ney apani adhikansh seva bhoomadhyasagariya squadron mein bitaai, aur unhone apane currier kii shuruat mein isake pramukh key roop mein kaary kiya. 1900 mein, usane galati seey vidhvansak "fremi" koo takkar maar dee aur doob gayaa. jaise hii nae yuddhpoton koo bede mein shamil kiya gayaa, "brenus" koo 1900 key dashak kii shuruat mein aarakshit squadron mein bhej diyaa gayaa aur phir ack prashikshan jahaaj key roop mein seva kii gaee. agast 1914 mein pratham vishva yuddh shuru honey seey pahale jahaaj koo sevamukt curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur 1915 mein nirastra curr diyaa gayaa thaa. usane yuddh key dauran anya jahaajon key liye spare parts aur upkaran key srot key roop mein kaam kiya. 1919 mein nausena key register seey unakaa hulk hataa diyaa gayaa thaa aur antatah teen saal baad ise hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.
design.
1880 mein, francisi nausena ney ack nausainik nirmaan karyakram shuru kiya jisamen lohe seey dhake yuddhapot aur teen-jahaaj shamil they; karyakram mein dou aur jahaajon key liye ahwan kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen 1882 mein rakhaa jaanaa thaa. inmein seey pahale kaa naam diyaa jaanaa thaa aur 1885 mein kaam shuru huaa thaa. admiral theophile aube, jinhone sastee tarpedo naukaaon aur cruiser key paksh mein yuddhapot nirmaan kaa virodh kiya, nausena mantri bunn gaye aur janwari 1886 mein donon jahaajon koo radd curr diyaa, isase pahale kii bahut kaam kiya gayaa thaa. aab 1887 mein sarkaar chhod diyaa aur unake uttaradhikari ney kaam phir seey shuru karane kii anumati dee; jahaaj key designer, charles ernest hyuin ney shipyard koo vyast rakhane key liye nirmaan koo phir seey shuru karane key liye pairavi kii. unhone naee aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane key liye "brenus" koo phir seey design kiya aur 1889 mein design koo manjuri dee gaee, jisase kaam phir seey shuru hoe gayaa. purchy parr ikattha kiye gaye patwar key khandon koo nae jahaaj mein kaheen aur upayog kiye jaane vaale ispat key saath dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa. tathya yeh haye kii donon jahaajon key nirmaan key liye ack hii purchy kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur mool key kuchh hisson koo baad key jahaaj mein phir seey upayog kiya gayaa thaa, jisake kaaran kuchh jahaajon koo sanyojit kiya gayaa haye. phir bhee, donon jahaaj alag-alag jahaaj they. 1888 mein dusare "brenus" kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa.
"brenus" francisi nausena mein nirmit pahala poorv-bhayaavah-shally kaa yuddhapot thaa; pichhale "magenta"-shreni key jahaaj barbet jahaaj they, joe ack prakaar kaa lohe seey dhakaa yuddhapot thaa. jahaaj ney francisi bede key liye kaee pragati keeh naee, 42-kshamata vaali bandooken burjon mein aage aur oopari sanrachana key peechhe, sajaatiya ispat kavach kaa pahala upayog, aur pahale belville boiler. anya parivartanon mein twarit golibari bandookon seey bachaane key liye kavach kii ack patali oopari patti koo apnana aur raam dhanush koo chhodana shamil thaa. "brenus" ney baad key paanch vyaapak roop seey samaan yuddhpoton key samooh key liye aadhar banaaya, joe ack hii design vinirdeshon key liye banaae gaye they, halanki way pahale key "magenta" key ayudh leout mein laut aae, jisamen mukhya bandookon koo ack lodgeng (chaturbhuj) pattern mein ekal burj mein vitarit kiya gayaa thaa.
samanya visheshataaen aur machinary.
"brenus" lambavat aur samagr roop seey lamba thaa. jahaaj mein ack beam thaa, ack draft. aur usake punarnirmaan key baad, gahare bojh parr visthaapit hoe gayaa. "brenus" kaa vajan bahut adhik saabit huaa; 1893 mein usake praarambhik samudri parikshanon key dauran, uska masauda usase adhik thaa joe honah chaahiye thaa, aur yeh poori tarah seey bharee hui sthiti mein naheen thaa. jahaaj key bakhtarband belt key adhikansh hisse mein jalbharao hoe gayaa, jisase yeh kaafee hudd taka bekaar hoe gayaa. usake patwar koo 18 jalrodhi thoke siron dwara vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa aur usake paas ack dohra tala thaa joe dhanush koo chhodkar patwar kii poori lambai taka faila huaa thaa. "brenus" mein 667 adhikaariyon aur soochibaddh purushon kaa ack dall thaa.
jahaaj koo bahut kharaab sthirata kaa saamana karna padaa, joe kaafee hudd taka usaki vishal adhirachana kaa parinam thaa jisane jahaaj mein bahut adhik vajan rakhaa. inn samasyaon koo 1893 aur 1896 key beach vyaapak punarnirmaan dwara poori tarah seey hull naheen kiya gayaa thaa, jisane ack chhote seey currier mein yogdan diyaa. unakaa pahala sthirata pareekshan 17 juuna 1893 koo kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen unaki sabhi bandooken starboard taka chully gaeen aur unake poore chaalak dall ney ack hii taraf ikattha kiya; "brenus" ney 28° soochi mein liya aur unaki 164.7 mimi casemate bandookon key bairal aadhe doobe hue they. iss ghatana key dauran usaki metacentric oonchaai kii ganana kii gaee thee. jahaaj key vishal adhirachana, bhaari sainya mastakon aur lambe funnel seey jahaaj key atyadhik sheersh vajan ney samasya mein yogdan diyaa, saath hii usake patwar key spasht tumblehome ney bhee.
"brenus" mein chaar-cylinder urdhvaadhar triple-vistaar bhaap injanon kii ack jodee thee, pratyek ack ekal, chaar-blade propeller chalaata thaa, jisamen 32 belleville jall-tube boiler dwara aapoorti kii gaee bhaap kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. boilers koo ack jodee badee funnel mein samaapt curr diyaa jaataa haye joe emidship mein sthit hoti haye. 1887 mein paani-tube boiler key saath "brenus" fitt karane kaa nirnay liya gayaa thaa, aur vaha unase susajjit honey vaalaa pahala badaa jahaaj thaa. usake injanon koo 9 janwari 1896 koo usake samudri parikshanon key dauran, "brenus" kii adhikatam gati seey jahaaj koo bhaap lene kii anumati dene key liye mulyankan kiya gayaa thaa. jahaaj koyale koo leey jaa sakata thaa, jisase usey koyale kii gati kii ack seema millie. prakaash, searchlight, pump, ventilator aur anya upkaranon key liye bijli chaar 400-ampere dynamo dwara pradaan kii gaee thee, jinamen seey pratyek ack samarpit aantarik-dahan injan dwara sanchaalit thaa.
hathiyar aur kavach.
"brenus" kii mukhya battery mein teen 42-caliber cannon dee model 1887 bandooken shamil theen, dou oopari sanrachana key aage ack judvaan burj mein, aur teesari ack burj key peechhe. unhone cast iron (see. aaee.) prakshepya, yaa bhaari kavach-bhedak, capped (aeye. pee. see.) aur ardh-kavach-bhedak, capped (aiss. aeye. pee. see.) gole koo thoothan key wegg seey daage. + 10° kii adhikatam oonchaai parr, bandookon kii ack seema thee. prati dou minut mein ack goal aag kii darr key liye design kiya gayaa, aag kii vaastavik darr seva mein lagbhag aadhi thee. jahaaj ney shuru mein pratyek bandook key liye 39 gole rakhe they, lekin baad mein ise badhaakar 61 curr diyaa gayaa. jahaaj key maadhyamik shastragar mein duss 45-caliber cannon dee model 1893 bandooken shamil theen, jinamen seey chaar koo ekal burj emidship mein lagaaya gayaa thaa; anya chhah seedhe unake neeche casemate mein sthit they. unake see. aaee. yaa aeye. pee. yaa sapp gole daagne parr unakaa thoothan wegg thaa. bandookon kii adhikatam oonchaai + 20° thee.
tarpedo naukaaon key khilaf raksha key liye, "brenus" twarit-golibari bandookon key ack soot seey lais thaa, jinamen seey sabse badee chaar 50-caliber cannon dee model 1891 bandooken theen, joe saamane aur peechhe kii oopari sanrachana parr ekal binaa chhatari vaale mount mein theen. unake gole mein ack thoothan wegg thaa jisane unhein ack seema dee. iss suit koo chaudah 40-caliber aadhunik 1885 bandookon aur chaudah aadhunik 1885 hotchkis bandookon dwara puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen seey chhah 5-bairal revolver tope theen. inn sabhi bandookon koo sainya mastakon parr aur oopari sanrachana mein ladaai key sheersh mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. jahaaj mein ghoornan mount parr chaar oopar-paani tarpedo tube bhee lagaae gaye they, pratyek chaude hisse parr dou. unhone pratyek tube key liye dou aadhunik 1889 torpedo liye. torpedo mein dou gati aur seema setting theeh parr yaa parr.
"brenus" key kavach mein jyaadaatar nickle steel shamil thaa. jalrekha patti motee emidship thee aur isake nichale kinare taka neeche kii or jhuk gaee thee. bakhtarband gadh key aage aur peechhe, belt jall rekha parr cumm hoe gaee; isake nichale kinare koo ack motai taka taper kiya gayaa, lekin belt koo isake nichale kinare parr taper kiya gayaa. mukhya bakhtarband deck motaa thaa. aage kii burj aur isaki barbet koo kavach plates dwara sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki peechhe kii burj aur isaki barbet motee theen. burj kii chhatein motee theen. casemate aur secondary gunn burj kii raksha karane vaale kavach kii motai thee. conning tower key motey kinare they.
nirmaan aur carrier.
"brenus", jiska naam gallic sardar key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, 2 janwari 1889 koo shastragar dee lorient mein rakhaa gayaa thaa aur 17 octuber 1891 koo launch kiya gayaa thaa. fitting-out kaa kaam 1893 mein puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, lekin usaki sthirata key saath gambhir samasyaon ney usey chaalu karane mein deree kii. 17 juuna koo usake sthirata parikshanon key ack dinn baad, shipyard koo soochit kiya gayaa kii usake propeller kii delivery mein saat maheene kii deree hogi aur faisala kiya gayaa kii jahaaj antarim mein lohe key aavaran seey propeller kaa upayog karega. "brenus" 2 agast koo breast mein bhaap mein leey jaaya gayaa jahan kuchh samagri koo hataa diyaa gayaa aur usane 5 sitambar koo praarambhik bhaap pareekshan kiya. agale maheene, arsenal dee breast ney jahaaj koo halka karane kaa prastaav prastut kiya, jiska anuman adhik vajan kaa thaa, jise 30 octuber koo manjuri dee gaee thee.
jahaaj key atyadhik sheersh vajan koo cumm karane key liye, pull key pankhon aur mukhya-bandook burj key oopar pull key overhang koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. isase bhee mahatvapurna baat yeh haye kii oopari sanrachana key sheersh deck koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa aur peechhe key sainya maast koo ack poul maast dwara badal diyaa gayaa thaa. vajan koo aur cumm karane key liye, tarpedo jaal koo hataa diyaa gayaa aur naav key bhandaran koo ack deck seey cumm curr diyaa gayaa. usaki sthirata mein sudhaar karane key liye, usake belt kavach key oopar jall rekha parr ack jalrodhi casson () jodaa gayaa thaa. unake propeller koo badalane kaa avsar liya gayaa aur shuru mein sthaapit 164.7 mm modelle 1887 bandookon koo navintam model dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa.
jahaaj ney agast 1895 mein apana praarambhik samudri pareekshan shuru kiya aur 22 disambar koo doosara sthirata pareekshan kiya gayaa jisamen ack metacentric oonchaai dikhaai gaee. inn sanshodhanon key bavjood, jahaaj poori tarah seey santoshjanak naheen thaa. jahaaj key pahale commander (kaptan) joseph besson kii ack report mein kahaa gayaa haih
jahaaj mein achche guna hain lekin isamen badey dosh bhee hain. sabse gambhir samasya yeh haye kii jaba jahaaj chaude hisse mein sanlagn hotaa haye tou vaha prabhaavi roop seey nirastra hotaa haye. 340 mimi burj bahut bhaari hotey hain aur santulit naheen hotey hain, aur jaba donon koo ack hii beam parr prashikshit kiya jaataa haye tou jahaaj kii aidee aisee hoti haye kii belt kaa oopari kinara paani key saath samtal hotaa haye. iska matlab haye kii dushman key kavach key khilaf ekmatra paksh suraksha 10 semi oopari belt dwara pradaan kii jaati haye. isake nichale kinare parr kavach belt kii motai-kewal 25 semi-aur badaa modd vritt aage kii kamjoriyaan hain.
1896-1900.
"brenus" ney aakhirkaar 11 janwari 1896 koo aff 25,083,675 kii keemat parr seva mein pravesh kiya, halanki unake pareekshan key baad key refit ney unhein 1 aprail taka anupalabdh curr diyaa. apani samasyaon key bavjood, francisi bede key sabse aadhunik rajdhani jahaaj key roop mein, unhone (wies admiral) alfred gervice key tahat bhoomadhyasagariya squadron key pramukh key roop mein kaary kiya. 24 agast koo apane squadron mein anya jahaajon key liye lakshya koo kheenchane key dauran, jahaaj parr galati seey tarpedo cruiser dwara golibari kii gaee thee; ghatana mein ack vyakti ghayal hoe gayaa thaa. 15 octuber koo jools dee cooverville ney gervais koo raahat dee, jinhen 15 octuber 1897 koo edger human dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. usa varsh, gunner niyantran key liye ack nayaa siddhant jaari kiya gayaa thaa. naee pranali kaa pareekshan karane key liye topkhaane key prashikshan abhyaas key dauran, "brenus" aur lohe seey dhake yuddhapot "naptune" ney 26 pratishat hitt hassil kiye. unaki safalata ney nausena koo farwari 1898 mein iss vidhi koo bede key liye maanak banaane key liye prerit kiya. 16 aprail 1898 koo, france key rashtrapati, felix forrey, yuddhabhyas dekhane key liye jahaaj parr savaar hue. unake puuraa honey key baad unhone yuddhpoton key beach ack daud kaa sujhaav diyaa; dou ghante key baad "brenus" nae "charles martel" koo peechhe chhod diyaa aur, lekin chaar puraane jahaajon koo haraaya.
jahaaj ney 8-20 julaai key dauran vaarshik bede key yuddhabhyas mein bhaag liya. nausena mantri edord lockroy ney sitambar mein usa parr bandook abhyaas kaa avalokan kiya joe purani tairati battery key doobane key saath samaapt huaa. ernest francois fornier ney 1 octuber koo bhoomadhyasagariya squadron key commander key roop mein "brenus" parr apana jhanda faharaaya. augustin bow day lepere usee dinn jahaaj key kaptan baney. apane jahaaj key liye ack aakriti kii ichcha rakhate hue, unhone devi key ack puraane sir koo bhandaran mein paaya aur adesh diyaa kii usey ack gaul mein phir seey banaaya jaae. unhone apane mukhya engineer koo aakriti key liye ack upayukt tambe kaa helmate banaane kaa bhee adesh diyaa. jaba bhee jahaaj samudra mein jaataa haye, tou "brenus" ack aakriti vaale antim jahaaj key roop mein neeche rakhaa jaataa haye. jaise hii france aur grate britten key beach tanaav faishoda ghatana key dauran badhaa, squadron key naavikon ney 18 octuber koo apani chhutti radd curr dee aur yuddhpoton ney 5 navambar koo utarane seey pahale golaa-barud kaa puuraa poorak bhar diyaa jaba donon deshon ney apane matbhedon koo sulajha liya.
octuber-disambar 1899 mein purvi bhoomadhyasagariya squadron key cruze key dauran, jahaaj ney 21 disambar koo tollon lautane seey pahale grees kii raani olga key liye ratribhoj kii mejbani kii. march seey julaai taka aayojit 1900 key yuddhabhyas key dauran, unhone fornier key pramukh key roop mein kaary kiya. bhoomadhyasagariya squadranah paanch anya yuddhapot, jinamen "charles martel", aur; chaar tata-raksha jahaaj; teen bakhtarband cruiser; paanch sanrakshit cruiser, aur ack tarpedo cruiser, kaee halke shilp key saath. abhyaas 6 march koo shuru huaa, aur "brenus" chaar yuddhpoton aur chaar sanrakshit cruiser key saath samudra mein chalaa gayaa, jisamen raat mein golibari key prashikshan sahit golf-juan seey yuddhabhyas shamil they. aprail key dauran, jahaajon ney bhoomadhyasagariya tata key saath kaee francisi bandargaahon kaa daura kiya, aur 31 maee koo bede koo 8 juuna taka chalane vaali yatra key liye corsica mein bhaap seey bheja gayaa. bhoomadhyasagariya mein apana abhyaas puuraa karane key baad, bhoomadhyasagariya squadron ney julaai mein sanyukt yuddhabhyas key liye quiberon khaadi kii or badhane seey pahale juuna key anta mein lisban, portugal seey uttari squadron key saath mulakat kii. rashtrapati emil laubet key liye 19 julaai koo cherberg mein nausena kii sameeksha key saath yuddhabhyas samaapt huaa.
1 agast koo, bhoomadhyasagariya squadron 14 agast koo pahunchane key liye toulon key liye ravaana huaa. cape sent seey baahar paribhraman karate hue. agast kii raat koo vaapas yatra key dauran, "brenus" galati seey vidhvansak seey takra gayaa, usey doob gayaa aur usake chaalak dall key saintalis logon kii maut hoe gaee; kewal chaudah purushon koo bachaaya gayaa. tollon pahunchane key baad, bedaa ack saptah baad porkerol seey topkhaane key prashikshan key liye ravaana huaa. 30 sitambar koo unhein nae yuddhapot dwara squadron flagship key roop mein pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. jahaaj ney 17 octuber koo ack lamba refit shuru kiya joe 1 juuna 1901 taka chalaa.
1901-1922.
algiers, french algeria key bandargah daure aur vaarshik bede key yuddhabhyas mein bhaag lene key baad, 10 agast 1901 koo "brenus" koo (aarakshit prabhaag) koo saunpa gayaa thaa. aathh dinon baad, besson, joe abb ack (rear admiral) hain, ney apana jhanda faharaaya jaba unhone usa prabhaag kii kamaan sambhali jisamen "carnot", bujurg lohe key yuddhapot "hoche" aur, tarpedo naav nivida aur tarpedo gunboat shamil they. iss bhoomika mein, unhone varsh kaa adhikansh samay cumm chaalak dall key saath bitaaya, jise vaarshik bede key yuddhabhyas key dauran nausena key aarakshit logon dwara badhaaya gayaa thaa. janwari 1903 mein ack chhote seey refit key baad, "brenus" una jahaajon mein seey ack thaa joe spen key raajaa alphonso xiii key sammaan mein cartagena kaa daura karate they. horres jaureguiberry ney 10 sitambar koo besson koo raahat dee. 10 agast 1905 koo paul-luis germinate ney unhein raahat dee. nausena mantri gaston thomson ney yuddhapot parr abhyaas kiya, joe octuber key dauran dakshini france mein corsica aur bandargaahon kaa daura kartaa thaa.
1906 key yuddhabhyas key liye, abhyaas key dauran fornier apane puraane flagship parr savaar hue. yuddhabhyas 3 julaai seey 3 agast taka chalaa, jiss samay bedaa tollon laut aaya; agale dinn, bedaa titar-bitar hoe gayaa. parivahan ney 4 disambar koo tollon bandargah mein usaki lunger shrinkhala toda dee aur "brenus" seey takra gayaa. yuddhapot koo koee vishesh nuksan naheen huaa thaa, lekin "gotakhor" jameen parr gir gaye. 1907 kii shuruat taka, aarakshit prabhaag koo ack squadron mein vistaarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin ise 15 farwari koo (prashikshan prabhaag) key roop mein phir seey naamit kiya gayaa thaa. 12 juuna koo aage kii mukhya bandook key burj mein ack chhoti see aag luggy thee jisane badmash koo buri tarah seey jalaa diyaa thaa jisane ack gasoline seey bharaa huaa raag jalaaya thaa. "brenus" 16 agast koo ack niji jahaaj bunn gayaa aur nau dinn baad usey aarakshit curr diyaa gayaa. jahaaj koo 15 navambar 1909 koo ack prashikshan jahaaj key roop mein tarpedo school koo saunpa gayaa thaa aur agale dou varshon mein unaki aag kii darr mein sudhaar karane key liye usaki mukhya bandookon koo sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. "brenus" ney 4 sitambar koo rashtrapati armond folliers dwara cap brune seey ack badee nausena sameeksha mein bhaag liya. agale dinn vaha bhraman jahaaj seey takra gaee; kissy bhee jahaaj parr koee hataahat naheen huaa, lekin "magali" koo samudra tata parr pahunchana padaa taaki vaha doob naa jaae.
yuddhapot koo phir seey 1 janwari 1912 koo aarakshit rakhaa gayaa thaa aur 1 aprail 1914 koo bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, usey khaali curr diyaa gayaa thaa, spare parts aur upkaranon key liye narbhakshi banaa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 1915 mein usaki mukhya bandooken chheen lii gaeen theen. 22 agast 1919 koo nausena register seey "brenus" koo maaraa gayaa thaa aur 30 octuber koo bikri key liye soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa. jahaaj koo 13 janwari 1921 koo usa company koo sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa jisane apane kaam key bhugtan key roop mein poorv-bhayaavah yuddhapot key malabe koo bachaaya thaa. 1922 mein scrap key liye tootane seey pahale unhone kuchh samay key liye ack bhandar key roop mein kaam kiya.

