
gurutvaakarshan patan

gurutvaakarshan kaa patan ack khagoliya vastu kaa apane gurutvaakarshan key prabhaav key kaaran sankuchan haye, joe gurutvaakarshan key kendra kii or dravya koo ander kii or aakarshit kartaa haye. gurutvaakarshan patan brahmand mein sanrachana key gathan key liye ack maulik tantra haye. samay key saath padaarth kaa ack praarambhik, apekshaakrit sucharu vitaran uchch ghanatva key pockets banaane key liye dhwast hoe jaayega, aamtaur parr akashgangaon, taarakiya samoohon, sitaaron aur grahon key samoohon jaise sanghanit sanrachanaon kaa ack padanukram banaayega.
ack taaraa antartarkiya padaarth key baadal key kramik gurutvaakarshan patan key madhyam seey paida hotaa haye. patan key kaaran honey vaalaa sampeedan taba taka tapman koo badhaata haye jaba taka kii taaraa key kendra mein thermonuclear fusion naheen hoe jaataa haye, jiss bindu parr patan dheere-dheere rook jaataa haye kyonki baahari taapiya dabaav gurutvaakarshan balon koo santulit kartaa haye. taba taaraa gatishil santulan kii sthiti mein maujood hotaa haye. ack baar jaba isake sabhi oorjaa srot samaapt hoe jaate hain, tou ack taaraa phir seey taba taka gir jaayega jaba taka kii yeh ack naee santulan sthiti mein naheen pahunch jaataa.
taaron kaa gathan.
gais kaa ack antartarkiya baadal taba taka jalsthaitik santulan mein rahega jaba taka kii gais key dabaav kii gatij oorjaa aantarik gurutvaakarshan bull kii sthitij oorjaa key saath santulan mein haye. ganitiya roop seey ise viriyal pramey kaa upayog karke vyakt kiya jaataa haye, joe kahata haye kii santulan banaae rakhane key liye, gurutvaakarshan kshamata oorjaa koo aantarik taapiya oorjaa key dogune key barabar honah chaahiye. yadi gais kii ack jeb itani badee haye kii gais kaa dabaav ise sahaara dene key liye aparyaapt haye, tou baadal gurutvaakarshan patan seey gujarega. jiss mahatvapurna dravyamaan key oopar ack baadal iss tarah key patan seey gujarega, usey jeans dravyamaan kahaa jaataa haye. yeh dravyamaan baadal key tapman aur ghanatva parr nirbhar kartaa haye lekin aam taur parr hajaaron seey laker hajaaron saur dravyamaan hotaa haye.
taarakiya avashesh.
jise taare kii mrityu kahaa jaataa haye (jaba ack taaraa apani eendhan aapoorti koo jalaa detaa haye), tou yeh ack sankuchan seey gujarega jise kewal tabhi rokaa jaa sakata haye jaba yeh santulan kii ack naee sthiti mein pahunch jaae. apane jivankal key dauran dravyamaan key aadhar parr, yeye taarakiya avashesh teen roopon mein seey ack leey sakate hainh
safed bauna.
taarakiya mool kaa ack safed baune mein patan dasiyon hazaar varshon mein hotaa haye, jabaki taaraa apane baahari lifafe koo ack grah niharika banaane key liye udaa detaa haye. yadi isamen ack saathi taaraa haye, tou ack safed bauna aakar kii vastu saathi taare seey padaarth koo jodd sakati haye. isase pahale kii yeh chandrasekhar seema taka pahunch jaae (soorya key dravyamaan kaa lagbhag dedh gunaa, jiss bindu parr gurutvaakarshan patan phir seey shuru hoga), carbon-oxygen safed baune key bheetar badhata ghanatva aur tapman paramanu sanlayan kaa ack nayaa daur shuru kartaa haye, joe viniyamit naheen hotaa haye kyonki taare kaa vajan taapiya dabaav key bajaay apakshay dwara samarthit hotaa haye, jisase tapman teji seey badh jaataa haye. parinami carbon visfot poori tarah seey ack prakaar key aaee. aeye. supernova mein taare koo alag curr detaa haye.
neutron taaraa.
neutron taare badey sitaaron key core key gurutvaakarshan patan seey banate hain. way supernova prakaar aaee. bee., aaee. see. aur aaee. aaee. key avashesh hain. neutron sitaaron seey ack millimeter motee key crum mein samanya padaarth kii twacha yaa "vayumandal" honey kii ummeed kii jaati haye, jisake neeche way lagbhag poori tarah seey nikatata seey bharey hue neutron (lokpriya roop seey "neutronium" kahaa jaataa haye) seey baney hotey hain, jisamen mukt electrons aur protons kii thodi dhool mishrit hoti haye. iss apakshayi neutron padaarth kaa ghanatva lagbhag haye.
videshi padaarth aur unaki aantarik parat vaali sanrachana seey baney sitaaron kii upasthiti spasht naheen haye kyonki apakshayi padaarth kii sthiti kaa koee bhee prastaavit sameekaran atyadhik atkalbaji haye. kaalpanik apakshayi padaarth key anya roop sambhav hoe sakate hain, aur parinami kwark taare, ajib taare (ack prakaar kaa kwark taaraa), aur preon taare, yadi way maujood hain, tou adhikansh bhaag key liye, ack neutron taare seey aprabhedya hongeh adhikansh mamalon mein, videshi padaarth "samanya" apakshayi neutron kii parat key neeche chhipa hoga. 
black holl.
einstein key siddhant key anusaar, lando-oppenheimer-wolcoff seema seey oopar key badey sitaaron key liye, jise tolman-oppenheimer-wolcoff seema (soorya key dravyamaan seey lagbhag doguna) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, sheet padaarth kaa koee gyaat roop ack nae gatishil santulan mein gurutvaakarshan kaa virodh karane key liye aavashyak bull pradaan naheen curr sakata haye. isaliye, patan jaari haye aur ise rokane key liye kuchh bhee naheen haye. 
ack baar jaba koee shareer apane schwarzschild trijya key bheetar gir jaataa haye tou yeh black holl banaata haye, jiska arth haye ack antariksh kaal kshetra jisase prakaash bhee butch naheen sakata haye. yeh samanya saapekshata aur roser penrose key pramey seey pataa chalata haye kii baad mein kissy prakaar kii ekatva kaa gathan apariharya haye. phir bhee, penrose kii cosmick censorship parikalpana key anusaar, ekalata black holl koo baandhane vaale ghatana kshitij key bheetar seemit hogi, isaliye baahar key antariksh samay kshetra mein abhee bhee ack achchi tarah seey vyavhaar vaali jyaamiti hogi, jisamen majboot lekin seemit vakrata hogi, joe golakar seema mein aitihaasik schwarzes metrick dwara varnit ack saral roop kii or vikasit honey kii ummeed haye aur haal hii mein khoje gaye cair metrick dwara yadi koniya gati maujood haye.
doosari or, black holl key ander jiss tarah kii vilakshanta kii ummeed kii jaati haye, vaha kaafee vivadaspad bunny hui haye. quantum yantriki parr adharit siddhanton key anusaar, baad key charan mein, dhahane vaali vastu sthaan kii ack nishchit matra yaa plank ghanatva key liye adhikatam sambhav oorjaa ghanatva taka pahunch jaayegi (kyonki aisaa kuchh bhee naheen haye joe ise roque sakey). yeh vaha bindu haye jiss parr yeh parikalpana kii gaee haye kii gurutvaakarshan key gyaat niyam maanya naheen hain. iss bindu parr kyaa hotaa haye, isake baare mein pratispardhi siddhant hain. udaaharan key liye loop quantum gurutvaakarshan bhavishyavani kartaa haye kii ack plank starr banega. isake bavjood, yeh tark diyaa jaataa haye kii gurutvaakarshan patan usa star parr bund hoe jaataa haye aur isaliye, ekvachanta naheen banati haye.
ack taare key liye saiddhaantik nyuntam trijya.
badey dravyamaan neutron sitaaron (lagbhag 2.8 saur dravyamaan) kii trijya lagbhag 12 kimmy, yaa unake samkaksh schwarzschild trijya kaa lagbhag 2 gunaa honey kaa anuman haye.
yeh socha jaa sakata haye kii ack paryaapt roop seey vishal neutron taaraa isake schwarzschild trijya (1 sr) key bheetar maujood hoe sakata haye aur kendra mein ack vilakshanta key liye sabhi dravyamaan koo sampeedit kiye binaa ack black holl kii tarah dikhaai dey sakata haye; haalaanki, yeh shayed galat haye. ghatana kshitij key bheetar, padaarth koo sthir rahane aur kendra mein girane seey bachane key liye prakaash kii gati seey adhik teji seey baahar kii or badhana hoga. isaliye koee bhee bhautik bull, 1 aiss. aar. seey chhote taare koo ekvachanta mein girane seey naheen roque sakata haye (cumm seey cumm samanya saapekshata key vartamaan sweekrit dhaanche key bheetar; yeh einstein-yang-mills-derack pranali key liye naheen haye). dravya aur gurutvaakarshan tarangon key utsarjan key saath samanya saapekshata mein gair-samvarti patan key liye ack model prastut kiya gayaa haye.