
kathor topi

ack kathor topi ack prakaar kaa helmate haye jiska upayog mukhya roop seey kaaryasthal key vatavaran jaise audyogik yaa nirmaan sthalon mein girane vaali vastuon, anya vastuon, malabe, barish aur bijli key sadame key kaaran sir koo chot seey bachaane key liye kiya jaataa haye. helmate key ander suspension baind helmate key vajan aur sir key oopar kissy bhee prabhaav key bull koo failaate hain. ack nilamban helmate key khol aur pahanane vaale key sir key beach lagbhag 30 mimi (1.2 inch) kii jagah bhee pradaan kartaa haye, taaki yadi koee vastu khol seey takaraati haye, tou prabhaav seedhe khopadi mein sanchaarit honey kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye. kuchh helmate key gole mein prabhaav pratirodh mein sudhaar key liye ack madhya-rekha sudridhikaran katak hotaa haye. rock climbing helmate ack alag sandarbh mein ack bahut hii samaan bhoomika koo puuraa kartaa haye aur iska design bahut samaan haye.
ack bump cap ack halki kathor topi haye jisamen ack saralikrit nilamban yaa padding aur thhodi key patta kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. bump cap kaa upayog vahaan kiya jaataa haye jahan upkaran yaa sanrachana key anumaanon parr kissy key sir koo scrap karane yaa takkar dene kii sambhavana hoti haye, lekin badey prabhaavon koo avashoshit karane key liye paryaapt naheen hotey hain, jaise kii kaee kahaaniyon seey giraaye gaye upkaran seey.
itihas.
jahaaj nirmaan udyog key shuruati varshon mein, shramikon ney apani topi koo pitch (taar) seey dhaka diyaa, aur unhein thheek karane key liye dhoop mein rakh diyaa, joe kii dock shramikon key liye ack aam pratha haye, jisamen jahaaj key deck seey girai gaee vastuon dwara sir parr lagaatar maaraa jaane kaa khatra rahata haye.
prabandhan professor peater drucker ney lekhak franz kafka koo bohemia samrajya (1912) key liye karmchari key durghatana beema sansthaan mein kaaryarat honey key dauran pahali nagrik haard hait vikasit karane kaa shreya diyaa, lekin yeh jaankaari unake niyokta key kissy bhee dastaavez dwara samarthit naheen haye.
sanyukt raajya america mein, ee.dee. bullard company california mein ack khanan upkaran firm thee jise 1898 mein edward dickenson bullard dwara banaaya gayaa thaa, joe 20 varshon key liye audyogik suraksha vyavasaay key ack anubhavi they. company chamade seey bunny surakshaatmak topi bechati thee. uska betaa, ee. doubleu. bullard, pratham vishva yuddh seey ack steel helmate key saath ghar laute, joe unhein audyogik suraksha mein sudhaar key liye vichaar pradaan kartaa thaa. 1919 mein bullard ney bhaap mein ubale canvas, gond aur kaale rung seey bunny "kathor-ubli hui topi" kaa patent karaaya. usee varsh, yuu.aiss. nausena ney ack shipyard surakshaatmak topi banaane key liye bail koo niyukt kiya, jisane kathor topi kaa vyaapak upayog shuru kiya. kuchh hii samay baad, bullard ney ack adhik prabhaavi topi pradaan karane key liye ack aantarik nilamban vikasit kiya. inn shuruati designs mein steel aim1917 "brody" sainya helmate seey samaantaa thee joe unaki prerana key roop mein kaam kartaa thaa.
msa ney 1930 mein nae gair-pravaahakiya thermoplastic, prabalit beckelite-adharit "khopadi rakshak" helmate kii shuruat kii. dhaatu udyog mein 350 degree fahrenheit (177 degree celsius) taka uchch tapman aur vikiran garmi bhaar kaa saamana karane mein saksham, binaa pahanane vaale koo jalaaye, yeh uchch-voltage bijli key aspas bhee surakshit thaa. beckelite kaa upayog uchch garmi vaale vatavaran mein kathin achaanak prabhaavon kaa saamana karane key liye paryaapt kathor suraksha pradaan karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa, lekin phir bhee vyaavhaarik upayog key liye paryaapt halka hotaa thaa. taar screen aur linnon key saath prabalit ack beckelite raal seey banaa, khopadi kaa helmate abhee bhee 2021 mein lagbhag dou darjan model mein nirmit haye. aim. aiss. aeye. ney koyla khanikon key liye cumm-mukut vaale sanskaran kaa bhee utpaadan kiya jise compho-cap headgear key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, isi tarah ack headlamp aur battery key liye fitting key saath pesh kiya jaataa haye.
1931 mein hoover baandh pariyojana parr, chhah companiyon, ink dwara haard hait kaa upayog anivarya thaa. 1933 mein, saine francisco california mein golden gett brij parr nirmaan shuru huaa. pariyojana key mukhya abhiyanta joseph strace key adesh seey nirmaan shramikon koo kathor topi pahanane kii aavashyakta thee. strace ney ack surakshit kaaryasthal banaane kaa prayaas kiya; isaliye, unhone suraksha jaal lagaae aur naukari kii jagah parr pahanane key liye kathor topi kii aavashyakta thee. strace ney bail koo rait seey visfot karane vaale shramikon kii raksha key liye ack kathor topi banaane key liye bhee kahaa. bullard ney ack design kaa utpaadan kiya joe karyakarta key chehare koo dhakta thaa, drishti key liye ack khidki pradaan kartaa thaa aur ack vayu sampeedak seey judee nully key madhyam seey taaji havaa kii aapoorti kartaa thaa. msa khopadi sabse achchha thaa, lekin kaafee mahanga thaa. kaee kathor topiyaan saste ispat seey bunny theen.
bijli key anuprayogon koo chhodkar, 1938 key aspas halke kifayati aluminium kathor topi key liye lokpriya hoe gaye.
fiber glass 1940 key dashak mein upayog mein aaya. 
injection moulded thermoplastic 1950 key dashak mein dikhaai diye, aur 1960 key dashak mein haavi honey lagey. garmi key saath aakar mein aasaan, iska nirmaan laagat prabhaavi haye. 1952 mein, aim. aiss. aeye. ney lineman koo 10,000 volt taka key vidyut sadame seey bachaane key liye shockgard helmate kii peshkash kii. 1961 mein, aim. aiss. aeye. ney topguard helmate jaari kiya, joe pahali polly carbonate haard hait thee. 1962 mein vee-gaard helmate laaya gayaa, joe aaj sanyukt raajya mein sabse vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaane vaalaa hardhat haye. aaj, adhikansh kathor topi uchch ghanatva vaale polyethylene (aich. dee. pee. ee.) yaa unnat engineering regin, jaise kii altem seey banaai jaati hain.
1997 mein, ancy ney pahanane vaalon koo thandaa rakhane key liye ack hawadar kathor topi key vikas kii anumati dee. faces sheeled, sunn visor, earmuff aur paseene koo avashoshit karane vaale astar kapade jaise sahayak upkaranon kaa bhee upayog kiya jaa sakata haye; aaj, sanlagnakon mein radio, walkey-tocky, pager aur cameray shamil hain.
design.
kyonki kathor topi pahanane vaale key sir koo prabhaavon seey bachaane key liye hoti haye, topi tikaau samagri seey banaai jaati haye, mool roop seey dhaatu seey, phir beckelite mishrit, fiber glass, aur sabse aam (1950 key dashak seey) moulded thermoplastic seey.
kuchh samkaaleen topi-shally kii kathor topi mein ack ludhaka huaa kinara hotaa haye joe barish key paani koo saamane kii or leey jaane key liye ack varsha naali key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, jisase pahanane vaale kii gardan seey neeche jaane key bajaay bill seey paani nickle jaataa haye. ack vistrit-brimmed couboy topi-shally kii kathor topi banaai jaati haye, halanki kuchh sangathan unake upayog kii anumati naheen dete hain.
kathor topi jaari karane vaale sangathanon mein aksar saamane parr unakaa naam, logo, yaa kuchh anya sandesh (ack aupchaarik koney key patthar key roop mein) shamil hotey hain.
sahayak upkaran.
kathor topiyaan bhee fitt kii jaa sakati hainh
rung aur pehchaan.
kathor topi key rung nirmaan sthalon parr vibhinn bhoomikaon koo darshaate hain. yeye rung padnam alag-alag company mein alag-alag hotey hain aur kaaryasthal seey kaaryasthal taka alag-alag hotey hain. sanyukt raajya nausena aur dott jaisi sarkari agencies kii apani haard hait rung yojana haye joe upa-thekedaaron parr lagu hoe sakati haye. kaee companiyon seey judee bahut badee pariyojanaon parr, ack hii company key karmchari ack hii rung kii topi pahan sakate hain.
sticker.
sticker, label aur marker kaa upayog haard hats koo chihnit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye taaki mahatvapurna jaankaari saajha kii jaa sakey. kyonki kuchh pent yaa sthaayi marker plastic koo kathor topi mein kharaab curr sakate hain, isake bajaay aksar chipakane vaale label yaa tape kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. company key logo vaale sticker, aur way joe ack karmchari key prashikshan, yogyata yaa suraksha star koo ingit karate hain, bhee aam hain. kaee companiyaan yeh ingit karane key liye taiyar sticker pradaan karati hain kii ack karmchari koo vidyut, seemit sthaan, yaa khudai khaai suraksha key saath-saath vishesh upkaran key sanchaalan mein prashikshit kiya gayaa haye. paryaavaran paryavekshak aksar yeh ingit karane key liye sticker banaate hain kii karmchari koo kissy diye gaye kshetra key aprakaashit ayudh yaa puraataatvik/javic samvedansheelta key jokhim key baare mein shikshit kiya gayaa haye. sangh sangh koo badhaava dene, suraksha koo protsaahit karane aur mahatvapurna meal key pattharon koo yaad karane key liye apane sadasyon koo haard hait sticker kii peshkash curr sakate hain.
ack kathor topi shramikon koo ack vishisht profile bhee pradaan karati haye, joe upkaran yaa yatayat key aspas suraksha key liye paridhiya drishti mein bhee aasaani seey pahachaani jaa sakati haye. pratibimbeet tape dinn aur raat donon samay drishyata badhaa sakata haye.
maanak.
osha viniyaman 1910.135 mein kahaa gayaa haye kii niyokta yeh sunishchit karega kii pratyek prabhaavit karmchari una kshetron mein kaam karate samay surakshaatmak helmate pahane jahaan girane vaali vastuon seey sir mein chot lagane kii sambhavana haye. isake alawa, niyokta yeh sunishchit karega kii bijli key jhatake key khatare koo cumm karane key liye design kiya gayaa ack surakshaatmak helmate pratyek aise prabhaavit karmchari dwara taba pahana jaataa haye jaba vaha ujagar vidyut conductors key paas hotaa haye joe sir seey sampark curr sakate hain.
osha viniyaman vishesh roop seey surakshaatmak helmate key liye kissy bhee mandand koo shamil naheen kartaa haye, isake bajaay osha key liye aavashyak haye kii surakshaatmak helmate audyogik sir sanrakshan key liye americi rashtriya maanak nc/ishea z89.1-2014 kaa paalan karein.
pratyek kathor topi koo prakaar aur varg donon dwara nirdisht kiya jaataa haye.
prakaron mein shamil hainh
kakshaaenh
ack kathor topi prakaar aur varg donon dwara nirdisht kii jaati haye; udaaharan key liyeh "prakaar i varg g."
kathor topi key liye ansi maanak dahansheelata yaa jwalansheelta mandand nirdhaarit karate hain.
1986, 1997 aur 2003 mein aine. aiss. aaee. jaid. 89 maanak koo kaafee sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. haard hats key liye vartamaan americi maanak aaee. aiss. aaee. z89.1-2009 haye, joe antarrashtriya suraksha upkaran sangh dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jisane aine. aiss. aaee. seey jaid. 89 maanak key prakaashan koo apane haath mein leey liya thaa. audyogik surakshaatmak shirastraan key liye iso maanak iso 3873 haye, joe pahali baar 1977 mein prakaashit huaa thaa.
britten mein, vyaktigat suraksha upkaran (pee. pee. ee.) niyam 1992 nirdisht kartaa haye kii kathor topi pee. pee. ee. kaa ack ghatak haye aur kaanoon dwara, nirmaan sthalon parr yaa khatarnak vatavaran key bheetar kaam karane vaale sabhi logon koo kathor topi pahanane kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
europe mein sabhi kathor topi kaa ack nirmaata nirdhaarit jivankal honah chaahiye, yeh samaapti tithi yaa nirmaan tithi seey ack nirdhaarit avadhi seey nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakata haye, joe yaa tou ander seey chipak jaataa haye yaa kathor topi kii samagri mein ubhara hotaa haye.

