
augustin pyramid dee candol

augustin pyramid (yaa piram) dee candol (,,,; 4 farwari 17789 sitambar 1841) ack swiss vanaspati vigyaani they. rene luiche defontain ney ack jadee-bootiyon key godam mein unaki sifarish karke candol key vanaspati vigyaan currier kii shuruat kii. kuchh varshon key bheetar dee candol ney ack naee prajaati kii sthaapana kii thee, aur unhone saikadon paudhon key parivaaron kaa dastavejikaran kiya aur ack naee praakritik paudhe vargeekaran pranali banaai. halanki dee candol kaa mukhya dhyaan vanaspati vigyaan parr thaa, unhone paadap bhugol, krishi vigyaan, jeevaashm vigyaan, chikitsa vanaspati vigyaan aur aarthik vanaspati vigyaan jaise sambandhit kshetron mein bhee yogdan diyaa.
dee candol ney "prakriti key yuddh" key vichaar kii utpatti kii, jisane charles darwin aur praakritik chayan key siddhant koo prabhaavit kiya. dee candol ney maanaa kii kaee prajaatiyan samaan visheshtaon koo vikasit curr sakati hain joe ack samanya vikaasvaadi poorvaj mein dikhaai naheen detee theen; ack ghatana jise abb abhisari vikas key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. paudhon key saath apane kaam key dauran, dee candol ney dekhaa kii paudhe key patte kii gati nirantar prakaash mein lagbhag 24 ghante key chakr kaa paalan karati haye, joe sujhaav detee haye kii ack aantarik javic ghadee maujood haye. halanki kaee vaigyaanikon ney dee candol key nishkarshon parr sandeh kiya, ack sadee baad key prayogon ney pradarshit kiya kii "aantarik javic ghadee" vaastav mein maujood haye.
dee candol key vanshajon ney paadap vargeekaran parr apana kaam jaari rakhaa; putra alphons aur potey casimir dee candol ney "prodromous systematis naturalis regni vageabilis" mein yogdan diyaa, joe augustin pyramid dee candol dwara shuru kiye gaye paudhon kii soochi haye.
praarambhik jeevan.
augustin pyramid dee candol kaa janm 4 farwari 1778 koo geneva ganarajya mein ack poorv adhikaari augustin dee candol aur unaki patni luis alonor brier key ghar huaa thaa. unakaa parivaar france mein provence key pracheen parivaaron mein seey ack seey nikla thaa, lekin dhaarmik utpeedan seey bachane key liye 16 veen shatabdi key anta mein geneva mein sthanantarit hoe gayaa.
saat saal kii umr mein dee candol hydrocephalus key ack gambhir mamle seey sankramit hoe gaye, jisane unake bachpan koo kaafee prabhaavit kiya. phir bhee, kahaa jaataa haye kii unake paas seekhane kii bahut yogyata thee, joe shaastriya aur samanya saahitya mein gyaan key apane teji seey adhigrahan aur achchi kavita likhane kii apani kshamata key saath school mein khud koo alag karate they. 1794 mein, unhone college dee jenev mein apana vaigyaanik adhyayan shuru kiya, jahan unhone jeane piyare attien voucher key tahat adhyayan kiya, jinhone baad mein dee candol koo vanaspati vigyaan koo apane jeevan kaa mukhya anusaran banaane key liye prerit kiya.
vanaspati vigyaan mein currier.
unhone apane pitaa kii ichcha key anusaar vigyaan aur kaanoon kaa adhyayan karate hue geneva akadami mein chaar saal bitaaye. 1798 mein, geneva koo francisi ganarajya mein shamil karane key baad vaha peris chaley gaye. unake vanaspati vigyaan key currier kii shuruat aupchaarik roop seey rene lui desphontine kii madad seey hui, jinhone 1798 kii garmiyon key dauran charles luis ell 'heritier dee brutel key jadee-bootiyon key ghar mein kaam karane key liye dee candol kii sifarish kii. iss sthiti ney dee candol kii pratishtha koo badhaaya aur khud defontine seey moolyavaan nirdesh bhee praapt kiye. dee candol ney 1799 mein apani pahali genus, "senebera" kii sthaapana kii.
dee candol kii pahali pustaken, "plantrum historia suculentarum" (4 khand.1799) aur astragalogia (1802) ney unhein georges couvier aur jeane-baptist lamrak key dhyaan mein laaya. dee candol ney, couvier kii manjuri key saath, 1802 mein college dee france mein upa key roop mein kaary kiya. lamrock ney unhein "flore frankage" (1805-1815) key teesare sanskaran key prakaashan kaa kaam saunpa, aur "princess almenteers dee botanic" naamak parichay mein, dee candol ney kritrim linian vidhi key vipareet paudhe key vargeekaran kii ack praakritik vidhi kaa prastaav rakhaa. dee candol kii vidhi kaa aadhar yeh haye kii taxes ack raikhik paimaane key saath naheen aatey hain; way asatat hain, nirantar naheen hain. lamrak ney mool roop seey iss kaam koo 1778 mein prakaashit kiya thaa, jisamen 1795 mein doosara sanskaran thaa. teesara sanskaran, jisamen lamrak aur dee candol donon kaa naam haye, vaastav mein baad vaale kaa kaam thaa, jisamen poorv ney kewal apana naam aur apane sangrah taka pahunch pradaan kii thee.
1804 mein, dee candol ney apana "esai sur less propriets medical days plantes" prakaashit kiya aur peris key chikitsa sankaay dwara unhein doctor off medicine kii degree dee gaee. dou saal baad, unhone "synopsis plantrum inn flora galica discriptorum" prakaashit kiya. dee candol ney agali chhah garmiyon mein francisi sarkaar key anurodh parr france kaa vanaspati vigyaan aur krishi sarvekshan kiya, joe 1813 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. 1807 mein unhein montpellier vishvavidyalaya key chikitsa sankaay mein vanaspati vigyaan kaa professor niyukt kiya gayaa, jahaan way baad mein 1810 mein vanaspati vigyaan key pahale adhyaksh bunn gaye. montpellier vishvavidyalaya mein unake shikshan mein feeled kakshaaen shamil theen, jisamen subah 5 baje seey shuru hocker shaam 7 baje taka chhaatr shamil they.
iss avadhi key dauran, dee candol purtagaali polymath, jose koria daa seraa key karibi parichit bunn gaye, joe peris mein purtagaali rajdoot they aur jinhone britten joseph bainkon seey laker americi thomas jefferson aur villium bartrum aur francisi vidvaanon antoine laurent dee juiciu aur georges couvier taka key vicharakon key ack antarrashtriya network mein prasaarit kiya. paudhon koo vargeekrit karane mein samaantaa aur samroopata parr jore dene key vichaar key baare mein koria key samarthan ney dee candol koo prabhaavit kiya, jinhone apane lekhan mein utanaa hii sweekaar kiya.
jaba montpellier mein, dee candol ney apana "therry almentire dee laa botanic" (vanaspati vigyaan kaa praathamik siddhant, 1813) prakaashit kiya, jisane ack naee vargeekaran pranali aur shabd "vargeekaran" pesh kiya. candol 1816 mein jineva mein vaapas chalaa gayaa aur agale varsh geneva key canton kii sarkaar dwara praakritik itihas kii naee banaai gaee kursi koo bharane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa.
dee candol ney apana shesh jeevan vanaspati vargeekaran kii apani praakritik pranali koo vistrit karane aur puuraa karane key prayaas mein bitaaya. dee candol ney apane praarambhik kaary koo "regni vageabilis system natural" mein prakaashit kiya, lekin dou khandon key baad unhein ehsas huaa kii vaha itane badey paimaane parr pariyojana koo puuraa naheen curr sakate. natijatan, unhone 1824 mein apane cumm vyaapak "prodromous systematis naturalis regni vageabilis" kii shuruat kii. haalaanki, way kewal saat khandon, yaa poore key dou-tihai koo puuraa karane mein saksham they. phir bhee, way paudhon key sou seey adhik parivaaron koo chitrit karane mein saksham they, jisase samanya vanaspati vigyaan kaa anubhavjanya aadhar banaane mein madad millie. halanki dee candol kaa mukhya dhyaan vanaspati vigyaan parr thaa, lekin apane poore currier mein unhone vanaspati vigyaan seey sambandhit kshetron jaise kii paadap bhugol, krishi vigyaan, jeevaashm vigyaan, chikitsa vanaspati vigyaan aur aarthik vanaspati vigyaan mein bhee kaam kiya.
1827 mein unhein neetherland key shaahi sansthaan kaa ack sambaddh sadasya chunaa gayaa.
baad mein jeevan.
augustin dee candol dee candol rajvansh mein vanaspatividon kii chaar peedhiyon mein seey pahali thee. unhone medemoisel toras aur unake bete, alphons pyramid dee candol seey shaadi kii, antatah vanaspati vigyaan mein apane pitaa kii kursi parr safal hue aur "prodromous" jaari rakhaa. casimir dee candol, augustin dee candol key potey ney bhee apane vistrit, vyaapak shodh aur paadap parivaar piperacy key lakshan varnan key madhyam seey "prodromous" mein yogdan diyaa. augustin dee candol key parpote, richard emil augustin dee candol bhee ack vanaspati vigyaani they. kaee varshon taka beemar rahane key baad, 9 sitambar 1841 koo geneva mein augustin dee candol kii mrityu hoe gaee. usee varsh, unhein americi daarshanik samaaj key sadasya key roop mein chunaa gayaa.
2017 mein, unake jeevan aur unake sabse badey yogdaanon mein seey ack, geneva key vanaspati udyaan key baare mein french mein ack pustak likhi gaee thee.
viraasat.
unhein paadap vansh "candolia" aur "candoleodendrone" mein yaad kiya jaataa haye, kaee paadap prajaatiyan jaise "eugenia candoliana" yaa "diospyros candoliana" aur mashroom "saithirela candoliana". "candolia", ack vaigyaanik patrika joe vyavasthit vanaspati vigyaan aur phylotexonomy parr shodh patra prakaashit karati haye, kaa naam dee candol aur unake vanshajon key naam parr vanaspati vigyaan key kshetra mein unake yogdan key sammaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. way francisi-maxican vanaspatishastri jeane-luis berlandier key maargdarshak they aur unhein gupt-vaigyaanik vanaspatiyon kii jaanch karane key liye mairi-aine libert koo protsaahit karane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye.
dee candol koo ack lambe sambodhan mein, joe unhone 1843 mein shaasi parishad koo diyaa thaa, canton aur jineva shahar mein poorv-bhugtan daak koo apanaane key liye prerit karane kaa apratyaashit gaurav bhee thaa. isake kaaran unhone switzerland kii doosari daak tikat, usa varsh key anta mein prasiddh dohri geneva jaari kii (daak tikat aur switzerland kaa daak itihas bhee dekhein).
vargeekaran pranali.
dee candol ney "prakriti key yuddh" key vichaar koo sabse pahale saamane rakhaa, jisamen paudhon key "ack dusare key saath yuddh mein honey" key arth key saath vibhinn prajaatiyon key antariksh aur sansadhanon key liye ack dusare seey ladane key arth key saath likhaa gayaa. charles darwin ney 1826 mein dee candol kii vargeekaran kii "praakritik pranali" kaa adhyayan kiya jaba edinberg vishvavidyalaya mein, aur 1838 mein darwin key siddhant kii shuruat mein unhone "prajaatiyon key yuddh" parr vichaar kiya, yeh kahate hue kii yeh thomas malthus dwara aur bhee adhik dridhata seey vyakt kiya gayaa thaa, jisase dabaav paida huaa jise darwin ney baad mein praakritik chayan kahaa. 1839 mein dee candol ney britten kaa daura kiya aur darwin ney unhein raat key khaane key liye aamantrit kiya, jisase donon vaigyaanikon koo iss vichaar parr charcha karane kaa avsar milaa.
dee candol una pahale logon mein seey they jinhone angon kii aakriti vigyaan aur shaaririk visheshtaon key beach antar koo pahachaana. unhone paadap aakriti vigyaan koo unake vibhinn shaaririk gunon key bajaay angon kii sankhya aur ack dusare key saapeksh unaki sthiti seey sambandhit bataaya. natijatan, yeh unhein angon key beach sanrachanaatmak aur sankhyaatmak sambandhon key liye vishisht karanon koo shreya dene kaa prayaas karane vaalaa pahala vyakti banaa, aur iss prakaar paudhe kii samroopata key pramukh aur chhote pahaluon key beach antar karane kaa prayaas kiya. vibhinn paudhon key hisson mein samroopata key sanshodhanon key liye, ack aisee ghatana joe ack vikaasvaadi sambandh kii khoj mein baadha daal sakati haye, dee candol ney samroopata kii avadharana kii shuruat kii.
kalanukramikta.
dee candol ney kalanukramikta key kshetra mein bhee yogdan diyaa. jeane-jacks dee 'ortus dee mairan aur heinry-luis duhamel doo monseu jaise vaigyaanikon dwara yogdan diye gaye paadap key circadian patti andolanon parr pahale key kaam parr nirmaan karate hue, dee candol ney 1832 mein dekhaa kii paudhe "mimosa pudika" mein nirantar prakaash mein lagbhag 22-23 ghanton key patte khulane aur bund honey kii mukt avadhi thee, joe prithvi key prakaash-kaal chakr kii anumaanit 24-ghante kii avadhi seey kaafee cumm thee. choonki yeh avadhi 24 ghante seey cumm thee, isaliye unhone parikalpana kii kii ack alag ghadee koo lay key liye jimmedaar honah chaahiye; cumm avadhi paryavaraniya sanketon dwara-samanvit-pravesh naheen thee, iss prakaar ghadee antarjansheel dikhaai dee. inn nishkarshon key bavjood, kaee vaigyaanikon ney "kaarak x" kii khoj jaari rakhee, joe prithvi key ghoornan seey judaa ack agyaat bahirjaagatik kaarak thaa joe beesavin shatabdi key madhya taka ack prakaash shyam anusuchi key abhaav mein circadian dolan koo chalaa rhaa thaa. 1920 key dashak key madhya mein, irvin ney baar-baar candol key nishkarshon koo dohraya aur isi tarah key nishkarshon parr pahunche, aur adhyayanon ney dakshini dhruv mein aur ack antariksh prayogshala mein circadian lay kii dridhata koo dikhaaya, joe paryavaraniya sanketon key abhaav mein dolan key astitva kii pushti karate hain.

