
polly (thyalaldehyde)

polly (theatholdehyde), jise pee. pee. aeye. key roop mein sankshipt kiya gayaa haye, ack metastable stimuli-responsive polymer haye jise pahali baar 1967 mein sanshleshit kiya gayaa thaa. isane sanshleshan mein aasaani aur utkrisht kshanik aur yaantrik gunon key kaaran pichhale kuchh varshon key dauran mahatvapurna dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye. iss kaaran seey, iska upayog samvedan, dawa vitaran aur yoov lithography sahit vibhinn anuprayogon key liye kiya gayaa haye. 2023 taka, ise ack jeevit shrinkhala vikas bahulak key madhyam seey ekmatra sugandhit aldehyde bahulak maanaa jaataa haye.
khoj aur itihas.
polly (theathlaldehyde) kii soochana pahali baar 1967 mein kyushu vishvavidyalaya mein carbonic sanshleshan vibhaag seey chuji asso aur saane tagami dwara sugandhit "oh"-theathlaldehyde kii ack atirikt samvibhajan pratikriya dwara dee gaee thee. yeh bahulak, jisamen ack polyacetal mukhya shrinkhala hoti haye, abhee bhee aaj taka ekmatra sugandhit aldehyde haye jise ack shrinkhala-vikas bahulak vidhi key madhyam seey summ-bahulak kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh ack safed bhangur thhos haye jisamen cumm chhat kaa tapman aur mahatvapurna aatm-uttejak guna hain. isane haal key varshon mein vishesh roop seey naveen uttardaayi samagri aur anuprayogon key vikas mein mahatvapurna dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye.
sanshleshan takneek.
1967 mein apani pahali sthaapana key baad seey, "oh"-thyalaldehyde key bahulak key liye kaee sanshleshan takneekon koo vikasit aur niyojit kiya gayaa haye. vishesh roop seey, jeevit bahulak vidhiyaan sabse aam aur ashajanak takneekon mein seey hain, jaisa kii polly (thyeleldehyde) kii taiyari mein unake upayog koo darshaane vaale saahitya mein prakashanon kii uchch sankhya mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
jeevit cashionic bahulak (lcp).
itihas aur mukhya vichaar.
esso aur tagami ney 1967 mein catanic leaving polymerisation takneek kaa upayog karke "oh"-thyalaldehyde key polymerisation kii report karane vaale pahale vyakti they. yeh takneek, jise shuru mein bahulak koo cumm karane key liye ack majboot nucleophile key alawa bahulakkaran shuru karane key liye ack majboot bronstead acid key upayog kii aavashyakta key baare mein socha gayaa thaa, bahulak shrinkhala koo pahale kii report kii gaee kaee bahulak prakriyaon mein safal saabit huaa thaa. dilchasp baat yeh haye kii lekhak iss bahulak kaa utpaadan ack aarambhakarta aur naa hii ack samaapti kaa upayog kiye binaa karane mein saksham they aur bahulak kii sanrachana koo chakreeya honey key liye nirdhaarit kiya. vaastav mein, way taral nitrogen tapman parr kaam karate they aur boron trifluoride etherut utprerak parr nirbhar they joe kuchh dinon key liye kamare key tapman parr paryaapt sthir bahulak kaa utpaadan karane key liye paryaapt thaa.
vartamaan rujhaan.
agale varshon mein, bahulak rasaayanvidon ney iss bahulak kii visheshtaon kaa adhyayan karna shuru kiya aur isaki taapiya sthirata aur yaantrik gunon koo badhaane parr kaam kiya. vishesh roop seey, moore aur sahakarmiyon ney polly (thyelaldehyde) parr kathor yantriki adhyayan kiya, jisamen utprerak key prakaar koo sanshodhit kiya gayaa, saath hii saath moller dravyamaan koo niyantrit karane, polydispersity soochkaank koo cumm karane aur bahulak kii shuddhata koo badhaane key prayaas mein praarambhik monomer ekagrata koo sanshodhit kiya gayaa. upayog kiye jaane vaale utprerak mein trithyloxonium borofluoride, tinn chloride aur triphenylmathylium tetrafluoroborate they.
seemaaen.
jabaki lcp polly (theathlaldehyde) key utpaadan key liye upayog kii jaane vaali pahali aur ekmatra vidhi thee, aajkal iska upayog anya bahulak takneekon key paksh mein naatakiya roop seey cumm hoe gayaa haye joe daadh dravyamaan aur taapiya sthirata sahit bahulak gunon parr behtar niyantran kii anumati detaa haye.
jeevit aayan bahulak (laip).
itihas aur mukhya vichaar.
jabaki iss bahulak takneek ney aam taur parr 2010 taka prasiddhi aur lokpriyata hassil naheen kii thee, yeh 1969 mein esso aur taigami dwara bhee report kiya gayaa thaa. samanya roop seey, laip mein bahulak shrinkhala koo samaapt karane key liye ack terminator key roop mein ack electrophile key rojgar key alawa bahulak shuru karane key liye ack majboot nucleophile kaa upayog shamil haye. taigami key lekh mein, pee. pee. aeye. koo ack aarambhakarta key roop mein "turt"-butylithium aur ack terminator key roop mein acetic enhydride kaa upayog karke taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, iss bahulak takneek mein lcp (cumm polydispersity soochkaank (pdi), cumm upaj, aur aanvik vajan parr koee niyantran naheen) kaa upayog karate samay aaney vaali kamiyon kaa bhee saamana karna padaa.
vartamaan rujhaan.
yeh 1987 taka naheen thaa jaba freeberg vishvavidyalaya key dou rasaayanagya, hedrick aur schlemper ney pratikriya koo tej karane aur polydispersity soochkaank koo cumm karane key liye phosphasine kshaaron key upayog kaa prastaav rakhaa. 2023 taka, pee. pee. aeye. bahulak mein teen alag-alag phosphasine kshaaron kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye. isake alawa, 2008 aur 2023 key beach pee. pee. aeye. sanshleshan kaa varnan karane vaale adhikansh prakaashit shodh lekh laip key upayog key ird-gird ghoomate hain, joe ise sabse aam aur prabhaavi polymerisation takneek pradaan karate hain.
laabh.
ell. see. pee. parr iss bahulak takneek kaa pramukh laabh iss tathya mein nihit haye kii bahulak koo uttejana-uttardaayi samoohon key saath shrinkhala key donon taraf bund kiya jaa sakata haye. inn karyatmak samoohon dwara pee. pee. aeye. kii tuning prakriya ney naa kewal anuprayogon key sett kaa vistaar kiya haye, balki isake gunon aur visheshtaon mein bhee sudhaar kiya haye. udaaharan key liye, "oh"-thyalaldehyde monomer/alcohol aarambhak ekagrata anupaat koo niyantrit karke, atee-uchch aanvik bhaar (50-150 kda) ppa praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. isake alawa, laip key madhyam seey sanshleshit pee. pee. aeye. adhik ushmiya aur yaantrik roop seey sthir haye. aam taur parr, donon siron parr endcaps kii upasthiti bahulak koo sthir karati haye aur uchch taapiya sthirata key saath adhik lachili shrinkhala mein parinam detee haye. aur kyonki laip vidhi dwara sanshleshit raikhik polymer koo anta mein seemit kiya jaa sakata haye jabaki lcp vidhi key madhyam seey taiyar chakreeya polymer koo karyatmak samoohon key saath samaapt naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, laip key parinam adhik ushmiya roop seey sthir polymer mein hotey hain. lcp key madhyam seey sanshleshit ppa key vipareet iska pee. dee. aaee. 1.3 aur 1.9 key beach bahut cumm haye, jisamen pee. dee. aaee. 2 aur 4.5 key beach haye. yeh bahulak key charitra, aanvik vajan aur antim samooh koo niyantrit karane kii kshamata key kaaran haye. isake alawa, laip sanshleshan vidhi mein upayog kiya jaane vaalaa aarambhakarta, joe ack majboot nucleophile haye, pahale anta cap key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, aur isaliye upayog kiye jaane vaale aarambhakarta kii matra koo niyantrit karke, daadh dravyamaan aur pdi parr niyantran praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. key vipareet haye jise ell. see. pee. key madhyam seey sanshleshit kiya jaataa haye jahaan aarambhakarta (levis acid) antim pee. pee. aeye. utpaad kaa hissa naheen hoga, aur isaliye, upayog kiye jaane vaale levis acid kii matra koo niyantrit karane seey antim moller dravyamaan aur chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. bahulak key pee. dee. aaee. parr koee cumm prabhaav naheen padegaa.
samanvayaatmak bahulak (see. pee.).
halanki ack cumm gyaat bahulak takneek, samanvayaatmak bahulak kaa upayog pee. pee. aeye. kii taiyari mein kuchh baar kiya gayaa haye. isake liye jyaadaatar trimethylaluminium yaa diethyl aluminium chloride key saath sankraman dhaatu utprerak key sakriyan kii aavashyakta hoti haye aur yaugik kii stereoselectivity parr niyantran kii anumati detaa haye. iss takneek kaa ack aur laabh pee. pee. aeye. sanshleshan mein saha-utprerak key roop mein paani key upayog key bheetar haye jise anya bahulak vidhiyon mein asambhav maanaa jaataa haye. osaka vishvavidyalaya mein bahulak vigyaan vibhaag key professor hisaaya taani ney diameric dimethyluminiamidanicsinginatisatinisalisationisatinationatisationatisationiomionationationatisionionaisisisatisionionaisioonaidainainaidisiooooonaidainaiooonainaiminaididimimioooooonaimimilaisisidain [mee2allocommanf] 2 koo utprerak key roop mein aur paani koo saha-utprerak key roop mein niyojit karke "oh"-thyalaldehyde key ack vishisht bahulak kii report karane vaale pahale vyakti they. vaha vishesh roop seey trance-configuration mein ack reshedar pee. pee. aeye. koo sanshleshit karane mein saksham thaa joe pahale kabhi report naheen kiya gayaa thaa. phir bhee, karyatmak samoohon key saath bahulak koo samaapt karane mein asamarthata key kaaran, iss takneek kaa vartamaan mein shayed hii kabhi upayog kiya jaataa haye aur pee. pee. aeye. key gathan kaa tantra aspasht rahata haye aur achchi tarah seey adhyayan naheen kiya gayaa haye.
polly (thyalaldehyde) key prakaar.
lagu bahulak takneek key aadhar parr, dou alag-alag prakaar key polly (thyelaldehyde) koo praapt kiya jaa sakata haye, raikhik aur chakreeya.
raikhik pee. pee. aeye..
raikhik pee. pee. aeye. ack aarambhakarta key roop mein ack majboot nucleophile kaa upayog karke aayan bahulak vidhiyon dwara utpaadit kiya jaataa haye. yeh takneek bahulak shrinkhala key chakran koo rokti haye kyonki prasaar karane vaali prajaatiyon mein kewal ack aaveshit terminus hotaa haye joe dusare terminus koo backbite naheen curr sakata haye, joe badale mein, aaveshit roop seey tatasth hotaa haye. yadyapi raikhik pee. pee. aeye. koo sansaadhit karane key liye atyadhik samvedansheel pratikriya sthitiyon kii aavashyakta hoti haye aur adhik samay kii maang hoti haye, iss prakaar key bahulak key apane chakreeya samkaksh kii tulanaa mein kaee faayade hain. udaaharan key liye, bahulak key daadh dravyamaan parr niyantran monomer aur sharaab aarambh karane vaale anupaat koo niyantrit karke aasaani seey praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. isake alawa, yeh karyatmak endcaps kii upasthiti key kaaran apane chakreeya samkaksh kii tulanaa mein adhik ushmiya roop seey sthir saabit huaa haye joe apatatiyakaran seey bahulak shrinkhala koo sthir kartaa haye. inn karanon seey, iska adhyayan chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. kii tulanaa mein kaheen adhik hudd taka kiya gayaa haye. vibhinn antim samoohon key saath vibhinn raikhik pee. pee. aeye. kii soochana dee gaee haye aur samvedan, dawa vitaran aur lithography sahit vibhinn anuprayogon key liye adhyayan kiya gayaa haye. udaaharan key liye, ack baar jaba inn antim samoohon koo ack vishisht uttejana key liye pee. pee. aeye. key sampark mein aaney kii pratikriya key roop mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye, tou bahulak ack unzipping pratikriya key madhyam seey kramik roop seey sir seey poonchh taka alag hoe jaayega taaki cumm samay mein monomer bunn sakey joe kuchh minaton key roop mein cumm hoe sakata haye.
chakreeya pee. pee. aeye..
chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. koo ack aarambhakarta key roop mein ack levis acid, aamtaur parr boron trifluoride etherut kaa upayog karke "oh"-thalaldehyde key ack cashionic polymerisation key madhyam seey praapt kiya jaataa haye. jaba esso aur tagami ney pahali baar 1967 mein iss takneek kaa upayog karke pee. pee. aeye. key safal sanshleshan kii soochana dee, tou way iss tathya seey anjaan they kii unhone joe bahulak taiyar kiya thaa vaha chakreeya thaa aur isake bajaay apane shodh patra mein sanrachana koo raikhik key roop mein bataaya. yeh 2013 taka naheen thaa kii bahulak rasaayanvidon ney saabit kiya kii sanrachana naabhikiya chumbakiya anunaad (aine. aim. aar.), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (aff. tii.-aaee. aar.), jail pargaman chromatography (jee. pee. see.), aur maas spectrometry (aim. aiss.) sahit lakshan varnan takneekon key sanyojan kaa upayog karke chakreeya haye. chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. koo sanshleshit karna aasaan haye; yeh pro. jeffrey ney kahaa kii "oh"-theathlaldehyde kaa cashionic polymerisation bahut tej haye, jisase kuchh hii minaton mein chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. praapt hotaa haye. isake alawa, polymer koo pyridine key atirikt yaa methanol key binaa alag kiya jaa sakata haye aur naa hii ack majboot aadhar terminator, joe samanya roop seey iss polymerisation takneek koo aasaan, tej aur sastaa banaata haye. phir bhee, iss takneek kaa ack gyaat mudda yeh haye kii aanvik vajan koo upayog kiye gaye monomer kii praarambhik sandrata key aadhar parr niyantrit naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase aam taur parr samaan praarambhik sthitiyon kaa upayog karke 3 kda seey 100 kda key beach key aanvik vajan kii ack vistrit vividhata key saath chakreeya ppa huaa haye. isake alawa, isaki chakreeya sanrachana key kaaran, kissy bhee anta topi kaa upayog yaa aavashyakta naheen haye. sanrachana mein karyatmak anta cap kii anupasthiti ney vishesh roop seey uttejak pratikriyaasheel anuprayogon mein chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. kaa upayog seemit curr diyaa haye.
guna aur visheshataaen.
pee. pee. aeye. ack metastable polymer haye joe sanshleshan mein aasaani aur teji seey apghatnikaran key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. isake alawa, isake gunon koo aasaani seey prabhaavit kiya jaa sakata haye aur vibhinn samoohon key saath thyeleldehyde monomer koo karyatmak banaane parr herfer kiya jaa sakata haye, sabse kushalata seey, electron vaapas lene vaale samoohon, yaa anta key roop mein vibhinn karyatmak samoohon koo niyojit kiya jaa sakata haye.
yaantrik guna.
pee. pee. aeye. koo ack kathor aur bhangur reedh key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye joe kuchh anuprayogon mein isake lachilepan aur upayog koo seemit kartaa haye. haalaanki, ise ack naram samagri pradaan karate hue yojak jodkar aasaani seey tune kiya jaa sakata haye. vibhinn vilayakon kaa upayog karke chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. filmon key drop cast key yaantrik gunon kii haal hii mein jaanch kii gaee haye. adhyayan ney dikhaaya kii bahulak mein 2.5-3 gPA kaa ack badaa lochdaar mapank hotaa haye joe pahale ack anya adhyayan mein bhee bataaya gayaa thaa, isake alawa 25 aur 35 mPA key beach key tanyata shakti moolya aur 1-1.5% kii viphalata tanaav joe atyadhik nirbhar haye.
yojak key roop mein plasticiser.
pichhale kuchh varshon key dauran vibhinn anuprayogon key liye pee. pee. aeye. key upayog mein vidroh key saath, kshanik gunon koo sudhaarne aur iss bahulak kii yaantrik visheshtaon koo badhaane kii aavashyakta satah parr aaa gaee haye. pee. pee. aeye. bhangur honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye; isamen ack badaa bhandaran mapank hotaa haye, aur ack kaanch sankraman tapman hotaa haye joe isake taapiya ksharan bindu seey oopar hotaa haye, joe bahulak koo anuprayogon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala key liye anupayukt banaata haye. isake aantarik gunon koo sudhaarne kaa ack tarika haye ack plastic agent koo jodana joe bahulak key antar-aanvik packing koo baadhit curr sakata haye, aur iss prakaar ise adhik lachila banaata haye, isake bhandaran mapank koo cumm kartaa haye, isake kaanch sankraman tapman koo cumm kartaa haye, aur isaki katarani shakti koo badhaata haye. pee. pee. aeye. key saath upayog kiye jaane vaale plasticiser key kuchh udaharanon mein diamethyl thyalet, biss (2-ethylhexyl) thyalet, diethyl edipet aur trie-isonol trimalitate (tintum) shamil hain. haal key ack adhyayan mein, chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. key yaantrik lachilepan aur photo-transians gati parr dou eather-ester plasticiser key prabhaav kii jaanch kii gaee thee. lekhak yeh dikhaane mein saksham they kii inn yojakon key judane seey bhandaran mapank kii seema vyaapak hoe gaee aur shuddh ppa key mamle mein ise 2300 mpa seey ghataakar ppa/plasticiser mishran mein 19 mpa curr diyaa gayaa, isaliye bahulak koo adhik lachila banaa diyaa gayaa aur cumm oorjaa kii aavashyakta thee. usee shodh samooh dwara prakaashit ack anya adhyayan mein, chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. key kaanch sankraman tapman parr diethyl edipet (dee. aeye.) plasticiser key prabhaav kii jaanch kii gaee thee. shuddh pee. pee. aeye. key kaanch sankraman tapman koo 187 degree celsius nirdhaarit karane key baad, vibhinn dee. aeye. sandrata vaali pee. pee. aeye. filmein taiyar kii gaeen. vibhinn dee. aeye. sandrata dwara, lekhak pee. pee. aeye. key yaantrik lachilepan aur taapiya gunon koo badhaane mein plasticiser key mahatva koo pradarshit karate hue tii. jee. koo 12.5 degree celsius taka cumm karane mein saksham they. isi tarah key parinam pahale dekhe gaye they jahan taapiya sankraman see. pee. aeye. key liye 95 degree celsius seey diethyl thyalet (dip)-plasticised see. pee. aeye. key liye 24 degree celsius taka avasaadit they. pee. pee. aeye. key saath plasticiser key upayog parr report kiye gaye kuchh adhyayanon mein, yeh nott kiya gayaa haye kii plasticiser key upayog key parinamswarup polymer key tanya tanaav mein kamee aatee haye joe ingit kartaa haye kii pee. pee. aeye. adhik lachila hotaa jaa rhaa haye aur isaliye film adhik aasaani seey modd sakati haye. phir bhee, upayog kiye jaane vaale plasticiser kii matra parr niyantran mahatvapurna haye. udaaharan key liye, oopar charcha kiye gaye adhyayan mein, yeh bataaya gayaa haye kii badee matra mein plasticiser (pee. pee. aeye. polymer kii tulanaa mein 50 pratishat seey adhik doubleu/doubleu) key upayog key parinamswarup charan prithakkaran aur pee. pee. aeye. film key lachilepan mein kamee aatee haye. isake alawa, upayog kiye gaye vilaayak kii prakriti pee. pee. aeye. key yaantrik gunon koo bhee atyadhik prabhaavit curr sakati haye. vishesh roop seey, 2019 mein prakaashit ack anya adhyayan mein, lochdaar mapank aur tanyata shakti donon mein vriddhi hoti haye jaba dichloromethane kaa upayog dioxen aur chloroform kii tulanaa mein drop-cast pee. pee. aeye. key liye vilaayak key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa.
taapiya guna.
pee. pee. aeye. kii taapiya sthirata iss baat parr atyadhik nirbhar karati haye kii kyaa bahulak anta-aachchhaadit haye yaa binaa anta samoohon key alag-thalag haye. chakreeya pee. pee. aeye., karyatmak raikhik pee. pee. aeye. shrinkhalaon key alawa 150oc taka key liye ushmiya roop seey sthir honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye jaisa kii vibhedak scanning calorimetry (dee. aiss. see.) aur thermogravimetric vishleshan (tii. jee. aeye.) donon dwara nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye. isake alawa, bahulak apane deerghakaalik shelf jeevan key liye jaanaa jaataa haye jisamen ise kamare key tapman parr mahatvapurna samay key liye sangraheet kiya jaa sakata haye. vibhinn rasaayanvidon ney pee. pee. aeye. kii taapiya sthirata parr pratisthaapan prabhaavon kaa adhyayan kiya haye. udaaharan key liye, antarrashtriya vyaapaar machine nigam (aaee. bee. aim.) key vaigyaanikon ney vyaapak adhyayanon key baad nishkarsh nikala kii chloro, bromo aur 4-trimethylacylil karyatmak samoohon key saath karyatmak "oh"-thyalaldehyde monomers key parinamswarup gair-pratisthaapit bahulak kii tulanaa mein atyadhik sthir pee. pee. aeye. hotaa haye. isi tarah, phillips "aur anya."yeh saabit kiya kii pratisthaapit aur anta-capped polly (4,5-dichlorofthaldehyde) mein apane gair-pratisthaapit samkakshon kii tulanaa mein uchch taapiya ksharan tapman hotaa haye.
rasayanik guna.
endcaps kii pehchaan aur pratikriyashilta koo niyantrit karane key madhyam seey, pee. pee. aeye. apani sanrachana mein koee mahatvapurna parivartan key binaa kathor rasayanik sthitiyon kaa saamana curr sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, ack elil acetate aur "turt"-butyldymethylsil eather karyatmak samoohon key saath pee. pee. aeye. koo karyatmak banaate samay kramshah pee. dee. (0) aur aff.-kii upasthiti mein isake teji seey apghatnikaran kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, endcaps kii prakriti mein ack saral parivartan donon kshayakaari agents kii upasthiti mein bhee shrinkhala koo sanrakshit karega. ack alag nott parr, jabaki pee. pee. aeye. jaleey solvents aur alcohol mein aghulansheel haye, yeh tii. aich. aff., dee. see. aim. aur dee. aim. aiss. oh. jaise carbonic solvents mein atyadhik ghulansheel haye, jahaan ise apghatnikaran koo trigger kiye binaa dinon taka bhang kiya jaa sakata haye.
anuprayog.
apani advitiya sthirata, rasayanik gunon aur utkrisht tunability aur pratikriyashilta key kaaran, pee. pee. aeye. koo vibhinn anuprayogon mein niyojit kiya gayaa haye.
photoresist.
carbonic solvents mein pee. pee. aeye. kii uchch ghulansheelata aur sthirata ney 80 key dashak kii shuruat mein teen vaigyaanikon, grant willson, jeane frechet aur hiroshi ito dwara lithography key liye pahali peedhi mein ack aadhar samagri key roop mein isaki jaanch kii anumati dee haye joe usa samay aaee. bee. aim. mein kaam curr rahey they. yeh kahani kii yeh safal upalabdhi kaise shuru hui aur kaise aage badhee, hiroshi ito dwara likhe gaye sameeksha patra mein paaee jaa sakati haye. kyonki prakaash key adheen honey parr pee. pee. aeye. apane aap mein poorna apghatnikaran seey naheen gujarta haye, yeh aamtaur parr anta-capped hotaa haye yaa badhee hui samvedansheelta key liye photo acid generator (paig) key saath upayog kiya jaataa haye. iss mamle mein, apatatiyakaran yaa tou anta-cap hataane aur aatm-dahan yaa utpann acid dwara vikiran parr trigger kiya jaataa haye. ober aur anya. unhone kahaa kii atyadhik parabaingani (yuvi) vikiran key tahat photoresist key roop mein ppa kaa upayog abhee taka ppa kii asthirta aur isake monomers.30 kii asthirta key kaaran safal naheen huaa haye, halanki way yuvi exposure.19 parr unnat photoresist gunon key saath pags key upayog key binaa pahale ppa vyutpannon mein seey ack kii report karane mein saksham they.
dawa kaa vimochan.
isaki uchch pratikriyashilta aur isake endcap samoohon koo tune karane kii kshamata key kaaran, pee. pee. aeye. kaa upayog haal hii mein dawa vitaran anuprayogon mein kiya gayaa haye. haal key ack adhyayan mein, yuvi-sensitive ppa micro capsule jisamen vibhinn prakaar kii davaaen hoti hain, taiyar kii gaee theen. ack baar jaba capsule koo yuvi-light trigger key adheen kiya gayaa, tou ack unzipping pratikriya hui aur khol toot gayaa jisase inn sookshm capsule key core kii rihaai hui. inn sookshm capsule kaa ack anootha laabh yeh haye kii way anya samanya sookshm capsule kaary key roop mein minaton seey laker ghanton taka kii avadhi mein isake nirantar release key bajaay trigger key sampark mein aaney parr dawa koo turant chhodane kii anumati dete hain. ack pahale key prakaashan mein, dilauro aitt all. sookshm capsule key khol kii motai aur khol banaane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale pee. pee. aeye. kii lambai koo purvanirdhaarit aur niyantrit karane kii kshamata kii soochana dee, jisamen uttejak-uttardaayi endcap hotey hain joe sir-seey-poonchh fluoride-trigger depolymerisation kii anumati dete hain.
depolymerisation key madhyam seey samvedan.
pee. pee. aeye. koo ack swa-uttejak samagri key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye joe ack vishisht uttejana key jawab mein endcap cleavage key madhyam seey apatatiya hoe jaataa haye. iss kaaran seey, vibhinn endcaps key saath kaee pee. pee. aeye. polymers koo sanshleshit kiya gayaa haye aur vishaakt aur vishisht yaugikon koo mahsoos karane key liye aatm-uttejak samagri key roop mein upayog kiya gayaa haye.
acid-trigger depolymerisation.
pee. pee. aeye. reedh mein dou prakaar key oxygen parmaanuon kii upasthiti key kaaran, iss tathya key alawa kii aich + aasaani seey oxygen parmaanuon koo protonet kartaa haye, apatatiyakaran donon endcap daraar aur reedh mein maujood oxygen parmaanuon key protonation key madhyam seey hoe sakata haye. iss kaaran seey, bahulak rasaayanagya apatatiyakaran darr mein teji laane key liye oxygen parmaanuon seey bharpur endcaps kaa upayog karate hain. udaaharan key liye, moore aur saha-karmchaariyon ney ack vishisht aayan coactivation (sikaa) prabhaav key upayog kii soochana dee, jisane bahulak aur samadhan key thhos/taral interfaces parr aayan aur acid coactivated-triggered depolymerisation off cyclic pee. pee. aeye. microcapsule koo anumati dee.
fluoride-trigger depolymerisation.
silil samoohon koo fluoride ayanon key saath sanrakshit kiya jaa sakata haye jisake parinamswarup ack majboot see-aff bandhan hotaa haye jise todana kathin aur chunautipurna hotaa haye. iss kaaran seey, vibhinn bahulak rasaayanagyon ney "tii"-butyldymethylsil (tii. bee. aiss.) yukt aarambhakartaon aur antkartaon kaa upayog karke fluoride samvedan mein pee. pee. aeye. kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa. pee. pee. aeye. kii fluoride samvedan kshamata kaa upayog pahale dawa release jaise anuprayogon mein kiya gayaa haye, jaisa kii pahale dilauro aur anya dwara bataaya gayaa thaa. phillips aur sahakarmiyon dwara adhyayan kiye gaye ack anya anuprayog mein poorv nirdhaarit tareeke seey plastic kii sanrachana koo badalane mein fluoride-trigger kiye gaye pee. pee. aeye. depolymerisation kaa upayog shamil haye.
yuu. vee.-prakaash ney apghatnikaran koo prerit kiya.
yuvi-light, dilauro "aur anya kii upasthiti mein teji seey apghataniya mein apani kshamata kaa pradarshan karna."dou yuvi-samvedansheel endcaps, 2-nitro-4,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol aur 1-[(chlorocarbonyl) auxi] methyl]-4,5-dimethoxy-2 nitrobenzine key saath ack pee. pee. aeye. bahulak koo sanshleshit kiya, aur kuchh minaton mein poorna apghatnikaran praapt karane mein saksham they. javic electronics mein ack vyaavhaarik anuprayog mein, 2-(4-methoxystyle)-4,6-biss (trichloromatile)-1,3,5-triazin (aim. bee. tii. tii. key roop mein upayog kiya jaane vaalaa) kii upasthiti mein chakreeya pee. pee. aeye. yuu. vee.-light key sampark mein aaney parr apatatiyakaran seey gujarta haye, joe badale mein kshanik electronics koo nishkriya curr detaa haye. kshanik electronics mein isi tarah kaa ack aur anuprayog bataaya gayaa thaa jahan ack [[oh. ell. dee.].carbonic prakaash utsarjak diode] (oled) koo pee. pee. aeye. substrate parr ekikrit kiya gayaa thaa aur ack pagadandi kii upasthiti mein apatatiyakaran kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye.
pd (0)-prerit apghatnikaran.
samvedi aml aur fluoride ayanon mein isake upayog key alawa, pee. pee. aeye. kaa upayog samvedi pee. dee. (0) dhaatu mein elil chloroformate koo antim anta cap key roop mein niyojit karke kiya gayaa haye. yeh phillips aur unake shodh samooh dwara bataaya gayaa haye, jahan unhone ack elil formatt endcap kaa upayog kiya joe [[tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) paladium (0)]] (pd (pph3) 4) kii utprerak matra key sampark mein aaney parr minaton key bheetar stoichiometric roop seey apghatit hoe jaataa haye.
swaasthya aur suraksha.
pee. pee. aeye. key [[suraksha detta sheet]] key anusaar, ise twacha yaa aankho key sampark mein naheen aaney diyaa jaanaa chaahiye kyonki isase twacha, aankh aur shwasan sambandhi jalan yaa allergy hoe sakati haye. isake alawa, choonki kuchh kaaryaheen pee. pee. aeye. kamare key tapman seey bhee cumm tapman parr asthir hotey hain, isaliye yeh dhyaan rakhna mahatvapurna haye kii pee. pee. aeye. koo-10 degree celsius seey cumm tapman parr nishkriya vatavaran mein aur soorya key prakaash, namee aur garmi seey door rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye, lekin uchit ventilation key saath.
choonki pee. pee. aeye. key apatatiyakaran kaa isake anuprayogon mein bahut adhyayan kiya jaataa haye, isaliye isake monomer kii sambhaavit suraksha chintaon parr bhee dhyaan denaa mahatvapurna haye. pee. pee. aeye. key uparokt khatron key alawa, [[thyalaldehyde]] bahut vishaakt haye yadi ise nigal liya jaae aur jaleey jeevan key liye.
sandarbh.
[[vargah bahulak rasayan vigyaan]]
[[vargah smart samagri]]
[[vargah naram padaarth]]

