
citiosaurus

satiosaurus () jiska arth haye 'whale chhipakali', greek seey '/jiska arth haye' samudri rakshas '(baad mein,' whale ') aur'/jiska arth haye 'chhipakali', madhya jurassic kaal seey shakahari surropod dynasore kaa ack vansh haye, joe lagbhag 168 million saal pahale rahata haye joe abb british haye.
"satiosaurus" 1842 mein pahala surropod thaa jisase haddiyon kaa varnan kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh ingland mein paaya jaane vaalaa sabse poorna surropod haye. iska naam isaliye rakhaa gayaa thaa kyonki isake abhidaata, surr richard owen, maanate they kii yeh ack samudri prani thaa, shuru mein ack behad badaa magarmachcha thaa, aur ise bhoomi mein rahane vaale dynasore key liye naheen pahachaantaa thaa. praarambhik vivaran key kaaran kaee prajaatiyon kaa naam vansh mein rakhaa jaayega, antatah unamen seey athaarah. inmein seey adhikansh koo abb anya vanshon mein rakhaa gayaa haye yaa kharaab jeevaashm samagri key aadhar parr sandigdh naamon key roop mein samajha jaataa haye. antim mool prakaar kii prajaati, "satiosaurus medius", aur isaliye "see" key baare mein bhee sach haye. oxoniensis "koo aadhikarik taur parr 2014 mein naee prakaar kii prajaati banaaya gayaa thaa. oxonynsis "1868 seey khoje gaye teen adhik yaa cumm poorna namoonon parr adharit haye. khopadi koo chhodkar, unamen adhikansh haddiyaan hoti hain.
"satiosaurus oxoniensis" ack chatushkoniya, lambi gardan vaalaa, chhote sir vaalaa shakahari thaa. isaki poonchh aur gardan adhikansh surropods kii tulanaa mein chhoti thee. doosari or, agrang apekshaakrit lambe they. "see. oxoniensis "kaa anuman lagbhag lamba aur motey taur parr vajan honey kaa haye.
khoj aur prajaatiyan.
praarambhik khoj.
"satiosaurus", daanton key vansh "cardiodon" key apavaad key saath, pahala surropod haye jisaki khoj kii gaee aur naam bhee diyaa gayaa aur saath hii ingland seey sabse prasiddh surropod haye. kaee prajaatiyon koo varshon seey surropod dynasore key kaee alag-alag samoohon seey sambandhit "satiosaurus" koo saunpa gayaa haye. iss prakaar yeh vansh ack vishisht "apashisht tokri vargeekaran" key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa. ack baar "satiosaurus" koo saunpe gaye jeevaashm avashesh mukhya roop seey ingland mein paae gaye hain, lekin france, switzerland aur morakko mein bhee paae gaye hain.
unnisvin shatabdi kii shuruat mein chipping norton key paas pahale jeevaashm, kasheruka aur anga tatvon kii khoj kii gaee thee aur collector johnn kingdon dwara 3 juuna 1825 koo bhoogarbhiya samaaj koo padhe gaye ack patra mein bataaya gayaa thaa; unhein sambhavatah ack whale yaa magarmachcha seey sambandhit maanaa jaataa thaa. 1841 mein jeevvigyaani, tulanaatmak shareer rachana vigyaani aur jeevaashm vigyaani surr richard owen ney inhen genus "satiosaurus" key roop mein naamit kiya, isase ack saal pahale kii unhone dynasoria shabd gadhaa thaa. owen ney shuru mein ack dynasore key liye "satiosaurus" koo naheen pahachaana thaa, lekin ise ack vishal samudra-nivaas sarisrip maanaa thaa. yeh naam seey parilakshit hotaa haye, joe greek κετειος, "kèteios", "samudri-rakshas" seey liya gayaa haye. 1842 mein owen ney genus mein dou prajaatiyon kaa naam diyaah "satiosaurus hypolithicus" aur "satiosaurus epiolithicus". vishisht naamon seey pataa chalata haye kii kyaa khoj tathaakathit oolithik paraton key neeche (hypo) yaa oopar (epi) kii gaee thee. pahali prajaati kingdon kii samagri parr adharit thee; baad vaalaa kasheruka aur metacarple parr yorkshire mein safed naabi mein paaya gayaa. prakaashan mein paryaapt vivaran naheen thaa aur prajaatiyon koo aksar "nomina nuda" maanaa jaataa haye. usee varsh baad key prakaashan mein owen ney chaar atirikt "satiosaurus" prajaatiyon kaa naam diyaah "satiosaurus bravis", "chhota ack"; "satiosaurus braturus", "chhoti poonchh vaalaa"; "satiosaurus medius", "madhyam aakar kaa", aur "satiosaurus longus", "lamba ack". owen ney pahale key dou naamon koo chhod diyaa thaa, jaisa kii iss tathya seey pataa chalata haye kii unake jeevashmon koo kaee naee prajaatiyon key liye sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa. yeye phir seey jyaadaatar alag-alag samagri parr adharit they, aksar bhaugolik roop seey vyaapak roop seey alag kiye gaye sthalon seey. jaisa kii 1849 mein spasht hoe gayaa, inmein seey kuchh haddiyaan prakriti mein surropod naheen theen, balki iguanodontidae kii theen. usa varsh alekjendar melville ney mamalon koo spasht karane key ack gumrah prayaas mein, "see" kii pramanik surropod samagri kaa naam diyaa. bravis "catosaurus konbiri" key roop mein lekin iss tarah kewal poorv naam kaa ack kanishth uddeshya paryaayavaachi banaa.
"satiosaurus oxoniensis.
march 1868 mein, blatchingdon key paas shramikon ney ack surropod daahine feimer kii khoj kii. march 1869 aur juuna 1870 key beach professor johnn phillips, site kii aage kii jaanch karate hue, bathonian seey detting karane vaali ack parat mein teen kankal aur atirikt huddy samagri kaa pataa chalaa. 1871 mein inn parr adharit unhone dou prajaatiyon kaa naam diyaah "satiosaurus oxoniensis" (mool roop seey "satiosaurus oxoniensis" kii vartani) aur "satiosaurus glymptonesis". "oxoniensis" oxford koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, "glymptonesis" seey glimpton. pahale seey hii 1870 mein thomas huxley ney phillips dwara ack patra prakaashit kiya thaa jisamen baad vaale ney namuna omanh jey13617 key aadhar parr ack "satiosaurus gigantius" kaa naam diyaa thaa, joe pahale blatchingdon mein paaee gaee ack baain feimer thee; kyonki patra mein koee vivaran naheen thaa, yeh ack "namkaran" haye.
ack sadee baad, ack nayaa "see. oxoniensis "namuna (ell. see. aim. g468.1968) jise" rutland dynasore "kahaa jaataa haye, 19 juuna 1968 koo ack khudai vaahan key chaalak dwara khoja gayaa thaa. yeh bajosian key saath sambandh rakhane vaale rutland gathan key aadhar parr paaya gayaa thaa. 20 juuna 1968 koo leicester shahar key sangrahalayon key karmchari pahunche. yeh pushti naheen hui kii sabhi sanrakshit samagri ekatra kii gaee thee. yeh sabse poorna surropod jeevaashm haye, aur ack dynasore key sabse poorna namoonon mein seey ack haye, joe kabhi bhee united kingdam mein paaya gayaa haye. yeh kewal 1980 key aspas thaa jaba jeevaashm mein ruchi thee. dynasore kii haddiyon koo khojane mein lagbhag chaar saal lugg gaye. ack citiosaurus mein lagbhag dou sou haddiyon mein seey, isane lagbhag poori grieva shrinkhala (2-14), adhikansh prishthiya kasheruka, sacrum aur purvakaal key kaudal kaa ack chhota saa hissa, chevron, iliyam, dahini feimer aur rib aur anga key tukadon koo sanrakshit kiya haye.
apoorna jeevaashm lamba haye aur 1985 seey leicester sangrahalaya aur kalaa deergha mein pradarshit kiya gayaa haye. dynasore key kewal adhik sanrachanaatmak roop seey majboot bhaagon koo hii pradarshit kiya jaataa haye, aur adhik najuk bhaagon koo kaheen aur sangraheet kiya jaataa haye. pradarshan mein joe dekhaa jaa sakata haye, vaha ack pratinidhitva (pratikriti) haye, naa kii vaastavik dynasore. pradarshan mein dekhe gaye model key kasheruki stambh mein chaudah garbhashay grieva, duss dorsal, paanch pavitra aur lagbhag pachas coddle hain. bachchon key television karyakram "blue peater" mein pradarshit karane key liye dynasore key pradarshan koo landan leey jaaya gayaa thaa.
baad mein prajaatiyan.
1874 mein, johnn whiteker hulke ney "satiosaurus humerochristates" naam diyaa, "ack crested humourous key saath", namuna bee. aim. aine. aich. 44635 parr adharit, ack humourous usa varsh dorset mein woemouth key paas sandfoot parr paaya gayaa. 2010 mein, ise ack alag genus "duriatitan" banaaya gayaa thaa. 1905 mein, arther smith woodward ney 1887 mein "ornithopsis leady" kaa naam badalkar "satiosaurus leady" curr diyaa. aaj ise aksar "dubium" naam maanaa jaataa haye. 1970 mein rodney steel kaa naam badalkar "cardiodon" owen 1841 curr diyaa gayaa, joe abb khoye hue daant parr adharit haye, "satiosaurus rugulosus", "jhurriyon vaalaa". yadi prajaati "satiosaurus" key liye saha-utpaadak thee, tou genus kaa naam "cardiodon" hoga kyonki iss naam kii prathamikta haye. 2003 mein, upchurch aind martin ney pehchaan koo aswikar curr diyaa.
british samagri parr adharit terah prajaatiyon key alawa, teen kaa naam francisi shodhkartaon dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1874 mein, heneri-emil sauvage naam kaa "satiosaurus regouxy" ack kasheruka parr adharit thaa joe edord admond joseph regox dwara lii portel, bologne-sur-meir key paschim mein paaya gayaa thaa, joe tithonian seey detting paraton mein thaa. haalaanki, 1903 mein unhein yeh nishkarsh nikaalane key liye majboor honah padaa kii yeh ack pleosaurid kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. 1880 mein, sauvage ney ack aur prajaati kaa naam rakhaah "satiosaurus phillips". 1955 mein, albert-felix dee laparent kaa naam "satiosaurus mograbiensis" rakhaa gayaa, joe morakko mein paae gaye teen kankalon parr adharit thaa, joe ell mers key gathan seey laker bathonian taka key they. vishisht naam maghreb koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. aaj ise kabhi-kabhi ack vaidh vargeekaran key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye, lekin yeh "satiosaurus" seey sambandhit naheen haye. 2011 mein, erich buffetout ee.aeye. french ordense mein paae jaane vaale ack chevron, namuna aeye775, koo "satiosaurus" sp key liye sandarbhit kiya gayaa.
ack "satiosaurus" prajaati swiss samagri parr adharit rahee haye. 1932 mein, friedrich wonn hyune ney "ornithopsis grapini" hyune 1922 kaa naam badalkar "satiosaurus grapini" curr diyaa. aaj ise "dubium" naam maanaa jaataa haye. 2020 mein, ise "see" nirdhaarit karane kaa prastaav kiya gayaa thaa. grapini "nae vansh" amangia "key liye.
prajaati key prakaar kaa prashn.
siddhant roop mein pratyek vansh key liye ack prakaar kii prajaati koo ack shaleen paribhasha mein isake prakaar key roop mein kaam karane key liye ingit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. paaramparik roop seey, "see. medius koo "satiosaurus" kii prajaati maanaa jaataa thaa. 1888 mein richard laidekar ney aupchaarik roop seey "see" koo saunpa thaa. oxoniensis "prakaar kii prajaati key roop mein lekin aaee. see. jaid. aine. key aadhunik niyamon key anusaar mool lekhak dwara naamit prajaatiyon mein seey ack, iss mamle mein owen, kaa chayan kiya jaanaa chaahiye. 2003 mein, paul upchurch aur johnn martin ney nirdhaarit kiya kii "see."hypolithicus" aur "see."" "epiolithicus" "kaa upayog naheen kiya jaa sakaa kyonki way" "nomina nuda" "they. owen key 1842 key dusare lekh mein naamit chaar prajaatiyon mein seey, "see. bravis, "see. braturus, "see. longus "aur" see. madhya, "kewal" see. bravis "ack" dubium "naam naheen hoga. unhone iska arth yeh bataaya kii "see. breevis "prakaar kii prajaati thee. yeh nishkarsh, yadi sahee haye, tou kaafee vargeekaran asthirta kaa kaaran banega, kyonki genus "palorosaurus" taba seey apane jeevashmon parr adharit thaa, aur ack poori tarah seey alag prakaar key surropod key roop mein pahachaana gayaa thaa. isaliye, upchurch aind martin ney aaee. see. jaid. aine. seey prajaati key prakaar koo "see" mein badalane kaa anurodh karane kaa sujhaav diyaa. oxoniensis, "madhya jurassic kii sabse prasiddh prajaati, jise aam taur parr" satiosaurus "genus key saath pahachaana gayaa thaa.
haalaanki, 2009 mein, jaba unakaa anurodh aadhikarik roop seey daayar kiya gayaa thaa, tou upchurch aur martin ney apani sthiti badal dee thee. unhone sweekaar kiya kii "dubium" naam diyaa jaanaa kissy prajaati koo ack vansh key prakaar seey banaae jaane seey naheen rokta haye. isake alawa, unhone 1842 key lekh mein ack ansh kii pehchaan kii thee jisamen owen ney pahale hii "see" nirdhaarit curr diyaa thaa. prakaar prajaati key roop mein madhyah" yeh mukhya roop seey inn haddiyon parr haye [i.ee. see" key. medius], baad mein anya logon key saath aur shree key sangrah mein. kingdon, kii "satiosaurus" key paatr pahale nirdhaarit kiye gaye they. phir bhee, unhone abhee bhee prakaar mein badalaav kii vakaalat kii kyonki "see. medius "kewal nidanheen samagri seey jaanaa jaataa haye. isaki syntype shrinkhala mein gyaarah alag-alag poonchh kasheruka, (vishisht omanh jey 13693-13703), pair kii huddy key saath kuchh trick pasaliyan (metatarsal, omanh jey 13704-13712), ack haath kii huddy (metacarple, omanh jey13748), aur ack panja (omanh jey13721), shayed vibhinn jeevaashm sthalon aur vibhinn vyaktiyon seey hotey hain.
aaee. see. jaid. aine. ney 2014 mein prajaati key prakaar koo badalane key prastaav koo sweekaar curr liya (raay 2331), aadhikarik taur parr "see" banaa. oxoniensis "mool key sthaan parr prakaar prajaati" see. madhya ". see" banaana. oxoniensis "satiosaurus" kii prakaar kii prajaati ney usa janwar key liye "satiosaurus" naam koo surakshit kiya jisake saath yeh paaramparik roop seey judaa huaa haye.
vaidh prajaati.
jatil namkaran itihas koo "satiosaurus" prajaatiyon kii soochi mein sankshep mein prastut kiya jaa sakata haih
varnan.
"satiosaurus", yaa vishesh roop seey neotype prajaati "see. oxoniensis, "apekshaakrit poorna jeevashmon seey jaanaa jaataa haye. inmein phillips dwara paae gaye teen kankal shamil hain. inmein seey ack badaa janwar haye (omanh jey 13605-13613, jey 13615-16, jey13619-jey13688 aur jey13899 key roop mein soochibaddh), jise upchurch aind martin dwara prajaati key lactotype key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa; dusare mein ack chhote vyakti kii anga haddiyaan hoti hain (omanh jey13614) aur teesara kankal ack kishore janwar key kandhe aur pichhale anga kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye (omanh jey 13617-8, jey 13780-1). rootland kaa namuna, lagbhag 40 pratishat puuraa, gyaat kankal tatvon kii sankhya mein kaafee vriddhi kartaa haye, vishesh roop seey gardan mein. khopadi kaafee hudd taka agyaat haye, shayed mastishk key mamle key apavaad key saath namuna omanh jey13596 dwara darshaaya gayaa haye. ack ekal daant mukut, omanh jey13597, koo asthaayi roop seey prajaati key liye sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye.
 "satiosaurus", kissy bhee surropod kii tarah, ack lambi gardan vaalaa chatushkoniya janwar thaa. 2010 mein, gregory aiss. paul ney shareer kii lambai aur shareer key dravyamaan kaa anuman lagaaya. isaki gardan madhyam roop seey lambi thee; isake shareer seey adhik naheen. poonchh kaafee lambi thee, jisamen cumm seey cumm chaalees kaudal kasheruka they. isake prishthiya kasheruka, peeth key saath haddiyon mein, seemit vayu kakshon key saath mool bhaari nirmaan thaa, joe baad key surropods jaise "bracosaurus" kii behad khokhali haddiyon key vipareet thaa. isaki agra-bhuja oopari bhuja key samaan lambi thee, adhikansh anya surropods key vipareet, jisake parinamswarup ack agra-anga lambai mein pichhale anga key barabar thaa. isaki jaangh kii huddy lagbhag chhah feat lambi thee.
apane mool vivaranon mein, owen "satiosaurus" aur anya surropods key beach kissy bhee antar kaa sanket dene mein asamarth they, saral kaaran seey inn baad vaale kii abhee taka khoj naheen hui thee. abb jaba aise rishtedaar paae gaye hain, tou "satiosaurus oxoniensis" kii vishishtata aur ack vaidh taxon key roop mein isaki sthiti koo isake nae vyutpann lakshnon yaa autopomorphies koo ingit karke saabit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. 2003 mein jeane key sanshodhan mein, upchurch aind martin ney "see" key paanch autopomorphies kii pehchaan kii. oxoniensis. gardan key peechhe key kasheruka aur peechhe key kasheruka key sheersh parr merudand hotey hain joe cumm, samamit aur pyramid key aakar mein hotey hain. sabhi peeth kasheruka kii reedh kii huddy key saath reedh aur diapophysis key beach ack katak anupasthit haye, sheersh pasaliyon kaa jodd; yeh khou gayaa haye yaa shayed reedh kii huddy aur postzaphophysis key beach chalane vaale katak key saath judaa huaa haye, joe peechhe kii sanyukt prakriya haye. madhya poonchh key kasheruka mein kasheruki shareer key saamane key chehare key sheersh parr ack jeebh key aakar kii prakriya hoti haye; yeh tantrika nahar key farsh kaa ack vistaar haye. saamane kii poonchh kasheruka key shevron mein shaft hotey hain jinake nichale chhor pargaman key bajaay saamane seey peechhe taka chapate hotey hain. iliyam kii nichali prakriya, jisase pubic huddy judee hui thee, isake aadhar kii baahari satah parr ack trikoniya avasaad kii visheshta haye.
vargeekaran aur jatijanan.
owen shuru mein "satiosaurus" key sateek sambandhon key baare mein anishchit they. vaha samajh gayaa kii yeh ack sarisrip thaa aur usa samay adhikansh shodhkartaon ney ise sauria koo saunpa thaa. haalaanki, unhone pahale isaki dynasorian prakriti koo naheen pahachaana; jaba 1842 mein unhone dynasoria kaa naam rakhaa, tou "satiosaurus" shamil naheen thaa. yeh iss poorv dhaarana seey prabhaavit thaa kii itna badaa janwar samudra mein rahata hoga. owen ney crocodillion sambandh maan liye. 1850 key dashak kii shuruat mein, gideon maintel koo sandeh honey lagaa kii "palorosaurus" key apane adhyayan key parinamswarup "satiosaurus" ack bhoomi pashu thaa. haalaanki, iss vichaar koo dheere-dheere anya vaigyaanikon dwara sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa. 1859 mein owen ney abhee bhee crocodilia mein "satiosaurus" koo vargeekrit kiya. 1861 mein, owen ney aise sabhi roopon koo apane swayam key ack samooh mein kendrit kiyaah opistocolia. 1869 mein thomas huxley ney spasht roop seey kahaa kii "satiosaurus" ack dynasore thaa.
1888 mein laidekar ney apane parivaar koo "satiosaurus" saunpaah satiosauridae. lambe samay taka yeh aam taur parr "adim" surropods key ack badey aspasht parivaar key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa. haalaanki, aaj "satiosaurus" kii tulanaa mein kaee adhik besal surropods gyaat hain. aadhunik sateek cladistic shodh key parinamswarup surropod pedh mein "satiosaurus oxoniensis" kii sthiti key baare mein ack bhee spasht parinam naheen nikla haye. kabhi-kabhi ack satiosauridae koo baramad kiya gayaa thaa, ack clade joe bhaaratiya "barapasaurus", dakshin americi "petagosaurus" yaa african "chebsorus" key roop mein prajaatiyon key saath "satiosaurus oxoniensis" koo ekjut kartaa haye. anya adhyayanon seey sanket milata haye kii paaramparik satiosauridae paraphylatic they aur yusauropoda mein ack besal sthiti mein "satiosaurus oxoniensis" koo punarpraapt karate hain, neosauropoda mein besal yaa iss clade key thheek baahar.
jeevaashm vigyaan.
anya dynasore joe motey taur parr "satiosaurus" key samkaaleen hain, unamen theropod dynasore "megalosaurus, durievenator" aur "proceratosorus" key saath-saath anishchit thyriophorence aur paravian shamil hain. jiss vatavaran mein "satiosaurus" rahata thaa, vaha baadh kaa maidan aur khula jangal thaa. paul koo "satiosaurus" ack samanya aaharak maanaa jaataa haye, joe apani madhyam lambi gardan aur anga anupaat koo dekhate hue nimn aur madhyam-uchch donon staron parr khaata haye.