
gorgan kii mahaan deewaar

gorgan kii mahaan deewaar caspian sagar key dakshin-purvi koney mein poorvottar iran key golestan praant mein aadhunik gorgan key paas sthit ack sasani yug kii raksha pranali haye. paschimi, caspian sagar, deewaar kaa anta kille key avasheshon key paas haih; deewaar kaa purvi chhor, pishkamar shahar key paas, kille key avasheshon key paas haih sheershak nirdeshank deewaar key beach mein ack kille key avasheshon key sthaan key liye haye.
yeh deewaar caspian sagar aur poorvottar iran key pahaadon key beach ack bhaugolik sankirnata parr sthit haye. yeh ack kshetra key purvi bhaag mein kaee caspian dwaaron mein seey ack haye jise pracheen kaal mein hirkania key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe uttari maidanon seey irani hriday bhoomi taka khanabdosh maarg parr haye. maanaa jaataa haye kii deewaar ney dakshin mein sassanian samrajya koo uttar mein logon, shayed safed shikaaron seey bachaaya thaa. apani pustak "empires aind walls" mein, chaichiyan (2014) iss kshetra mein sambhaavit raajneetik-sainya khatron key aitihaasik sakshya key saath-saath gorgan deewaar key parivesh key aarthik bhugol kaa upayog karke iss vyakhya kii vaidhata parr sawal uthaata haye. ise duniya mein abb taka kii sabse mahatvakankshi aur parishkrit seema divaaron mein seey ack aur sasani raksha kilebandi mein seey sabse mahatvapurna key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.
yeh lamba aur chauda haye, aur beach key antaral parr 30 seey adhik kille hain. yeh kewal chean kii mahaan deewaar kii divaaron kii pranaliyon dwara sabse lambi ekal-khand imarat aur astitva mein sabse lambi rakshaatmak deewaar key roop mein paar curr gayaa haye.
naam.
puraatatvidon key beach deewaar koo isaki eenton key rung key kaaran "laal saamp" (turkmenah kizzle alaan) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. faras mein, ise "alekjendar barrier" ("sadd-aeye-sikander") yaa "alekjendar kii deewaar" key naam seey lokpriya banaaya gayaa thaa, kyonki alekjendar mahaan koo praarambhik musalmaanon dwara maanaa jaataa haye kii vaha caspian dwaaron seey hocker gujarta thaa. ise "anusheervan baadha" ("sadd-aeye anushiravan") aur "firuz/peeruj baadha" () key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, aur aadhikarik taur parr ise "gorgan raksha deewaar" () key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. ise sthaaniya irani turkmens key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
varnan.
iss avrodh mein ack lambi aur chaudi deewaar haye, jisamen beach key antaral parr 30 seey adhik kille hain.
nirmaan samagri mein mitty kii eent, dabi hui eent, jipsum aur mortar shamil hain. praarambhik parthian kaal key dauran mitty kaa bhee upayog kiya jaataa thaa. kilon aur shaharon key nirmaan mein praarambhik kaal mein mitty kii eenten adhik lokpriya theen, jabaki baad kii avadhi mein chalaai gaee eenten lokpriya hoe gaeen. kabhi-kabhi ack eent urdhvaadhar sthiti mein rakhee jaati thee, jisamen eenton kii dou kshaitij panktiyaan oopar aur neeche rakhee jaati theen. mitty yaa dabi hui eenton key aakar alag-alag hotey hain, lekin samanya roop seey maanak aakar 40 × 40 × 10 semi thaa. dabi hui eenten sthaaniya loss mitty seey banaai jaati theen, aur deewaar kii rekha key saath bhatton mein dabi jaati theen.
yeh deewaar caspian tata seey shuru hoti haye, gonbade kavus (pracheen gorgan, yaa arabi mein "jorjan") key uttar mein vrittakar hoti haye, poorvottar kii or jaari rahati haye, aur pishkamar pahaadon mein gayab hoe jaati haye.
deewaar ack sthaaniya nadee key uttar mein thodi see haye, aur ack khaai haye joe adhikansh deewaar key saath paani leey jaati haye.
1999 mein vikas pariyojanaon mein samasyaon key kaaran deewaar key sambandh mein ack rasad puraataatvik sarvekshan kiya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey golestan baandh key nirmaan key dauran, joe deewaar seey dhake sabhi kshetron koo sinchit kartaa haye. baandh seey deewaar aur jall nikasi nahar key judaav key bindu parr, vastukaron ney gorgan kii mahaan deewaar key avasheshon kii khoj kii. 40 chinhit kille aakar aur aakar mein bhinn hain lekin adhikansh vargakar kille hain, joe deewaar key samaan eenton seey baney hain aur usee avadhi mein. vikas aur krishi pariyojanaon mein kaee kathinaaiyon key kaaran, puraatatvidon koo cement block bichhaakar aitihaasik khoj kii seema koo chihnit karane key liye saunpa gayaa haye.
hadrian kii deewaar aur antene kii deewaar seey badee (britten mein dou alag-alag sanrachanaaen joe roman samrajya kii uttari seemaon koo chihnit karati hain), ise europe aur chean key beach apani tarah kaa sabse badaa smaarak kahaa gayaa haye. yeh deewaar una divaaron key baad doosari haye joe chean kii sabse lambi rakshaatmak deewaar key roop mein chean kii mahaan deewaar banaati hain, aur haalaanki abb kaafee kharaab hoe gaee haye, lekin yeh shayed mahaan deewaar key shuruati roopon kii tulanaa mein aur bhee adhik thhos roop seey banaai gaee thee.
maarg.
poorv seey paschim taka key maarg koo nimnalikhit kilon key avasheshon key nirdeshank aur anya visheshtaon dwara darshaaya jaataa haye joe deewaar key saath sthit hain. nirdeshank aur kille kii sankhyaaen, aadi. wikimepia seey hainh
deewaar kaa purvi chhor
deewaar kaa paschimi chhor
detting.
dow. kiani, jinhone 1971 mein puraataatvik dall kaa netritva kiya, kaa maanana thaa kii deewaar kaa nirmaan parthian samrajya (247 eesaa poorv-224 esvi) key dauran kiya gayaa thaa, aur iska punarnirmaan aur punarsthapana sassani yug (teesari seey 7veen shatabdi esvi) key dauran kiya gayaa thaa. 2005 mein ack dall ney deewaar key saath kaee eent bhatton seey lakadi key koyale key namoone nikaale, aur gorgan deewaar aur tammishe kii chhoti deewaar (uttari chhor parr ack doobe hue kille kaa sthaanah; antardeshiya chhor parr ack kille yaa watch tower kaa sthaanah); oh. aiss. ell. aur radio carbon detting ney 5 veen yaa 6 veen shatabdi esvi key anta mein donon divaaron key liye ack tarikh kaa sanket diyaa. inn tithiyon seey pataa chalata haye kii vartamaan deewaar, cumm seey cumm, parthian key bajaay sassani haye, aur vartamaan sanrachana abhee taka maujood naheen thee, lagbhag 800 saal pahale, alekjendar dha grate (mrityu 323 eesaa poorv) key samay mein. yadi alekjendar koo iss sthaan parr ack baadha kaa saamana karna padaa tou yeh vartamaan deewaar kaa poorvavarti thaa.
aggar humm yeh maan lete kii kilon parr hadrian kii deewaar kii tarah hii saghan kabja thaa, tou gorgan kii deewaar parr sainya-dall 30,000 purushon key crum mein hotaa. gorgan deewaar kilon mein bairak blocks key aakar aur kamare kii sankhya aur sambhaavit vyavasaay ghanatva koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, model 15,000 aur 36,000 sainikon key beach key aankade utpann karate hain. sabse cumm anuman bhee ack majboot aur shaktishali senaa kaa sujhaav detaa haye, joe aur bhee ullekhaniya haye kyonki hamari jaanch kewal 200 kilometres kii kamjor seema parr kendrit thee, joe pracheen duniya key sabse badey samrajyon mein seey ack kii hajaaron kilometres kii seemaon kaa ack chhota saa hissa haye. 
derbent caspian gett.
isi tarah kii ack sasani raksha deewaar aur kilebandi roose key dejestan ganarajya mein derbent key bandargah parr caspian sagar key vipareet, paschimi taraf sthit haye. vahaan kilebandi kii ack rekha key avashesh caspian samudra key tata seey laker aaj coccus pahaadon kii pahali talhati mein ack asadharan roop seey achchi tarah seey sanrakshit sassanian kille taka kuchh logon key liye antardeshiya hain.
derbent aur isake caspian dwaar aitihaasik kshetra hirkania key paschimi bhaag mein hain. jabaki caspian sagar key poorv kii or kilebandi aur deevaaren greco-roman itihaskaron key liye agyaat raheen, coccus mein prabhaavshaali "uttari kilebandi" kaa paschimi aadhaa shaastriya lekhakon key liye achchi tarah seey jaanaa jaataa thaa.
notes.
aage padhein

