
ammos kii ladaai

ammos kii ladaai sitambar 165 eesaa poorv key aspas judus macabius (juda maikabi) key netritva mein yahudi vidrohiyon key beach mcabian vidroh key dauran hui thee, aur generalon gorgias, dorimans key bete tolemy aur ammos key paas nikanor key netritva mein celeucid samrajya balon key ack abhiyaan key dauran hui thee. yeh ladaai maikabi vidrohiyon ney jeeti thee, jinhone raat mein march kiya aur kaee sainikon key anupasthit rahane key dauran celeucid shivir koo aashcharyachakit curr diyaa. vijayi maikabi logon ney apane uddeshya koo aage badhaane mein madad karane key liye keemati saman aur sambhaavit hathiyaron key liye yunani shivir koo loot liya.
praathamik srot.
ammos kii ladaai 1 mcabies (), 2 mcabies (), aur josephus kii "yahoodiyon kii puravashesh" pustak 12 mein darj haye. samanya taur parr, 1 mcabies mein yuddh aur vidrohi senaa kaa adhik vistrit vivaran diyaa gayaa haye, aur lekhak sambhavatah yuddh kaa ack vyaktigat chashmadid bhee thaa. 2 maikabi mein vivaran chayansheel balon aur commanders kaa adhik sateek chitran detaa haye, lekin yuddh kaa iska chitran naitik sabak parr adhik kendrit haye aur judus kii dharmikta aur maikabi kaaran parr jore detaa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
165 eesaa poorv kii garmiyon key anta mein, raajaa antiocus IV epiphanes ney babylonia aur faras mein purvi kshatrapon key liye ack abhiyaan key liye ravaana honey key liye apane samrajya key paschimi bhaag seey senaa ekatra kii. vahaan, unakaa irada kuchh samay taka rahane, vidrohi rajyapalon koo badalane yaa unake saath yuddh karane, badhate parthian samrajya koo aakraman karane seey rokane aur rajdhani mein karon key pravaah koo bahaal karane kaa thaa. unhone sileucid rajdhani antiochia mein rajpratinidhi key roop mein aur apane chhote bete, bhavishya key antiocus banaam kaa paalan-poshan karane key liye lysius koo prabhaari chhod diyaa. 
usa samay, jerusalam parr abhee bhee chayan-anukool hellenistic yahoodiyon aur pradhaan pujari mainlouse kaa shasson thaa. shayed menelos key anurodh parr, lysius ney hellenist yahoodiyon key sattaaroodh gutt kii sahaayata karane aur judas key netritva mein graameen vidrohiyon koo haraane key liye dorimans key bete tolemy (koel seeriya aur phoenicia kii ranneeti) key netritva mein ack senaa bheji. tolemy key saath commander key roop mein gorgias aur nikanor they. 2 maikabi yeh bhee sujhaav dete hain kii nikanor, joe celeucid generalon mein seey ack thaa, kaa irada senaa kaa upayog yahoodiyon koo gulam banaane key liye karke dhana jutana thaa, phir unhein bechana aur roman ganarajya koo diye gaye 2,000 talent rinn kaa bhugtan karna thaa.
ladaai ladate hain.
celeucids ney ammos shahar mein apana aadhar shivir sthaapit kiya. ammous ayalon ghaati key purvi kinare parr aur judia kii paschimi seema key saath haye; yeh ack aisaa sthaan haye jahan seey kaee maargon seey judian pahaadiyon aur achche paani taka aasaani seey pahuncha jaa sakata haye, jisase yeh bijli kaa prakshepan karane key liye ack utkrisht aadhar bunn jaataa haye. ammous khud kaafee hudd taka sapaat thaa, jisase ghudsavaar senaa kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata thaa aur pahaadi ilaakon seey kissy bhee vidrohi laabh seey incar kiya jaa sakata thaa. judas macabius kaa shivir jerusalam key uttar mein mizpa shahar mein sthit thaa. gorgias ney judas kii senaaon kii ekagrata parr hamla karane kii yojana banaai, jaba unhein unaki jaankaari millie; judas ney sambhavatah jaanboojhkar yeh sunishchit kiya kii spasht samarohon aur anushthaanon kaa pradarshan karke usake sthaan kaa vivaran leak hoe jaayega. judus key scout aur jasuson koo pataa chalaa kii gorgias apane shivir key khilaf march parr sainikon kaa netritva curr rhaa thaa aur raat key samay hamale mein yahudi vidrohiyon koo aashcharyachakit karane kii yojana banaa rhaa thaa. judas ney sambhavatah meezpa mein ack manobal badhaane vaale dhaarmik samaroh key dauran jaanboojhkar apani senaa koo kaat diyaa. vyavasthaavivaran kii pustak key maandandon kaa upayog karate hue, unhone apane kuchh sainikon koo hataane kaa adesh diyaah udaaharan key liye, yadi unaki sagaai hoe gaee thee. kuchh vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii yeh daavaa aitihaasik haye aur kaaran kii dharmikta koo badhaava dene key liye jodaa gayaa haye; anya logon kaa maanana haye kii yeh maarg aitihaasik haye, aur sandeh haye kii judas ney jaanboojhkar ack chhoti see shakti kii gati kaa samarthan kiya, aur manobal banaane key tareeke key roop mein kise baahar karna haye, iss parr bibil key maandandon kaa upayog kiya. 2 maikabi likhate hain kii yahudi bull kii kull sankhya 6,000 thee, aur 1 maikabi ingit kartaa haye kii 3,000 sanic vaastav mein hamale key saath aage badhe.
judas ney mizpa mein shivir koo chhod diyaa aur apani senaa koo ammous leey gayaa, taaki vahaan baney abhiyaan aadhar shivir parr hamla kiya jaa sakey. iss tarah key paintarebaazi kaa samay sakht hotaah maikabi koo utkrisht, twarit buddhimatta kii aavashyakta hoti jaise kii signal fayer yaa savaar aur iss tarah kii ranneeti key liye raat koo hii ravaana honah, aur gorgias kii tulanaa mein ack alag sadak chunana. gorgias ney mizpa mein shivir koo khaali aur sunsan paaya, aur yeh maanate hue kii vidrohi senaa bhaag gaee haye, aspas key kshetra mein unaki talash shuru curr dee.
vidrohi sanic, joe vaastav mein aage badh gaye they, subah ammos mein taiyar naa kiye gaye shivir parr aaa gaye. judus key sainikon kii sankhya lagbhag 3,000 thee joe raat key march mein unake saath gaye they, aur talvaaron aur dhalon seey lais halki paidal senaa shamil thee, joe shayed usa yug key peltast key samaan lada rahee thee. celeucids ney apane shivir koo sambhavatah ack pulliced key saath majboot kiya thaa, aur cumm seey cumm hamale kii kuchh chetavani dene key liye scouts koo tainaat kiya thaa. haalaanki, kaee sanic gorgia key saath anupasthit they, aur anya abhee bhee sou rahey they yaa taiyar naheen they. dhamki aur manobal key liye turahiyan bajaate hue, yahudi vidrohiyon ney hamla kiya aur aashcharyachakit shivir koo dakshin-paschim kii or, idumeya kii or peechhe hatane key liye majboor curr diyaa.
gorgias ammos laut aaya, lekin usane paaya kii uska shivir nasht hoe gayaa haye. maikabi ney aag lagaa dee, sambhavatah apani sankhya koo chhipaane aur gorgias key bull koo ladaai mein shamil honey seey hatotsaahit karane key liye. gorgias ney apane adde key vinash key baad yuddh naheen diyaa, balki tateey maidanon key liye ravaana hoe gaye. maikabi logon ney sonaa aur chaandi laker shivir koo loot liya. halanki praathamik sroton mein seedhe darj naheen kiya gayaa haye, unhone sambhavatah parityakt chuninda hathiyar bhee leey liyeh vidrohiyon koo behtar upkaran chaahiye they, aur vidrohiyon key paas vidroh kii baad kii ladaai mein vaastav mein behtar upkaran honey kii soochana haye.
yuddh kaa parinam kaafee prabhaavshaali thaa. apollonius aur seron key khilaf darj kii gaee dou pichhali jhadapen chhoti tukadiyon key khilaf prateet hoti hain. iss jeet key saath, maikabi ney saabit curr diyaa kii way badee sankhya mein chuninda sainikon koo chunauti dey sakate hain, aur jatil yojanaaen aur saamarik chaalen banaa sakate hain. iss avadhi key dauran kaee vidroh maujood they, lekin adhikansh koo jaldi seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa; maikabi kii rahane kii shakti ney hasmonian raajya kii antim swatantrata sthaapit karane mein madad kii.
vishleshan.
1 maikabi koo aam taur parr yuddh key chitran mein hii bharosemand maanaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, vidvaanon ney yuddh key chitran key anya pahaluon key saath bahas kii haye. jaisa kii mcabian vidroh kii adhikansh ladaaiyon mein, vidrohiyon aur 1 aur 2 maikabiyon key lekhakon koo aam taur parr chayan balon key aakar key atishayoktipurna anuman likhane key liye maanaa jaataa haye. badee senaaon koo harana adhik prabhaavshaali manobal badhaane vaali kahaaniyon key liye banaaya gayaa. 1 maikabi kii pustak kaa daavaa haye kii gorgias kii senaa joe shivir seey alag hoe gaee thee, usamen 5,000 sanic, 1,000 ghudsavaar aur judas parr hamla karane key unake abhiyaan mein maargdarshak key roop mein acra key sahayogi hellenistic yahudi shamil they, phir bhee yeh ack aashcharyajanak hamale key liye bhaari hoga joe sankeern beth horon chadhaai seey hocker gujarega, aur celeucid key paas shayed unake samrajya key poore paschimi aadhe hisse mein kewal 5,000 ghudsavaar they. 1 maikabi kii kuchh baad kii pandulipiyon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii vidrohi sainikon key paas yuddh mein bhee "helmate aur gulel aur patthar aur kavach" kii kamee thee; yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh samagri kii nakal karane vaale ack agyaat lekhak kaa ack chamak haye, aur isake aitihaasik honey kii sambhavana naheen haye. report kii gaee chayan hatahaton kii sankhya koo bhee avishvasaniya roop seey uchch maanaa jaataa haih 1 maikabi key anusaar 3,000 aur 2 maikabi key anusaar 9,000 parajit.
1 maikabi kii pustak mein judas key bhashanon aur prarthanaon koo itihaaskaar kii swatantra rachanaon key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye, naa kii vaastavik pratilekhon key roop mein, hellenistic itihaskaron kii shally mein, anivarya roop seey iss tarah key samvaad kaa aavishkaar yaa punarlekhan karane key liye adhik saahityik honey key liye. ammos kii ladaai mein, judas key bhaashan kaa sandarbh mein koee matlab naheen haih 1 maikabi ney vidrohiyon key aadhar shivir parr hamla karane seey thheek pahale usey bhaashan diyaa. phir bhee ack aashcharyajanak hamale key dauran, samay kaa mahatva haye; dekhe jaane key baad harr minut deree seey rakshakon koo khud koo jagaane, kavach pahanane aur palliced koo taiyar karane key liye adhik samay milata haye. yadi judus ney koee bhaashan yaa vishesh nirdesh diye hotey, tou way ack dinn pahale meezpa mein aayojit samaroh key dauran hue hotey.