
gulsam asphendiarwa

asphendiarwa gulsam (12 navambar, 1880, tashkand-navambar, 1937, tashkand)-turkey kshetra mein swaasthya dekhbhal pranali kii aayojak aur shikshak, pahali kazakh mahila chikitsa chikitsak.
jeevan aur currier.
seatzfar asfendiarov (aishuak khaan key parpote, jinhone chhote samooh mein shasson kiya) aur gulayandam (pahala upnaamah kasimova) kii teesari betty, jinhone turkey key governor-general key tahat ack sainya dubhashiya key roop mein kaary kiya, 1916 mein mejar-general key pada key saath sevaanivritt hue. gulsum ney apane bhaaiyon aur bahanon kii tarah ghar parr praathamik shiksha praapt kii. 1890 mein, duss saal kii umr mein, unhone tashkand mahila vyayamshala mein pravesh kiya, jisase unhone 1899 mein safaltapurvak snaatak kiya.
1897 mein, europe mein pahala mahila chikitsa sansthaan sent mein khola gayaa thaa. pietersberg, jahan mahilaaen uchch chikitsa shiksha praapt curr sakati theen. turkistan kshetra key kuchh adhikaariyon ney yahaan apani betiyon kii pehchaan karane key liye jaldbaji kii. haalaanki, rajdhani key door honey key kaaran, prashikshan kaafee mahanga thaa aur harr koee ise wahan naheen curr sakata thaa.
1902 mein, jaba sansthaan key dou peshevar doctor-snaatak ack baar mein turkey laut aae, tou governor-general key tahat parishad ney turkey kshetra kii ladkiyon koo 10 chhatravritti dee, jinhone iss sansthaan mein pravesh kiya. usee varsh russie adhikaariyon kii betiyon key saath, dou kazakh ladkiyon-zeneb abdurkhamanova aur gulsam asphendiarwa koo chhatravritti praapt hui. 1908 mein sansthaan seey snaatak honey aur ghar parr kaam parr lautane key baad, way nava nirmit praant key swadeshi nivaasiyon mein pahali mahila doctor bunn gaeen.
zeneb abdurkhamanova, kaee varshon taka kaam karane key baad, shaadi curr lii aur chully gaeen. isake vipareet, jee kaa bhaagya aur currier. asphendiarwa turkistan key saath nikatata seey judee hui hain-aur paaramparik roop seey unhein "pratham" kaa khitaab diyaa gayaa haye.
sansthaan seey snaatak honey key baad, asphendiarwa ney samrat nikole dwiteeya koo sambodhit ack yachika daayar keeh
turkey sainya jile mein ack doctor key roop mein apani mahima kii seva mein pravesh karane kii ichcha honey key kaaran, sir-dariya kshetra key shimkent jile key gaanv temirlanovka mein, main aapse turkey sainya jile mein merrie seva kii pehchaan karane key liye merrie yachika sweekaar karane key liye kahata huun. 
- 16 maee, 1908 
yachika koo, sabse adhik sambhavana haye, apane pitaa koo shamkent mein dekhane key avsar dwara nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa. ack maheene seey bhee cumm samay baad (5 juuna), ise manjuri dey dee gaee, aur unhein aadhikarik taur parr anurodhit pada key liye sweekaar curr liya gayaa.
shayed, tamerlanovka mein swachchata chauki ney lagbhag aathh hazaar logon kii aabaadi key saath 24 varg kilometres key kshetra mein seva kii. vetan key alawa, jilaa chikitsak koo "bhojan", "dubhashiya", "yatra" aur "anya kharchon" key liye muaavaja milaa-prati varsh kull 2,680 rubal; salana 10-dinn kii chhutti, aur harr chaar saal-chaar maheene kii chhutti aur vetan mein vriddhi "varishthata key liye" lagbhag 10 pratishat.
1910 mein, asphendiarwa koo namangan county key papal graameen chikitsa jile mein kaam karane key liye sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, jahan kaam karane kii sthiti thodi aasaan thee.
1912 kii poorv sandhya parr pitaa ney bataaya kii khiv visier ney nirmanadhin khiv shahari aspatal mein kaam karna shuru curr diyaa haye. gulsam iss shart parr sahmat hoe gaee kii uska vetan aur pension guaranti russie chikitsa seva key liye vartamaan seey cumm naheen hogi. 1913 mein, unhone khiv mein mukhya chikitsak key prasooti-sahayak key roop mein apane kartavyon kii shuruat kii. yahaan, iss asiai kshetra key itihas mein pahali baar, unhone ack cesarian section kiya. ack maheene mein chhote seey kheeva shahar key aspatal ney 3-4 hazaar logon koo sweekaar kiya.
1914 mein, ashant samay kii shuruat key saath, jee. asphendiarwa tashkand laut aaee. yahaan, apane pitaa kii madad seey, unhone 30 bistaron vaalaa ack niji aspatal khola. dheere-dheere, unake samajik roop seey sakriya pitaa-sambhavatah turkey mein deshbhakti aur samajik "andolanon" key samarthak-ney unhein apani gatividhiyon seey parichit karaaya. farwari aur octuber kraantiyon key yug mein, shahar key prasooti aspatalon mein seey ack key pramukh kii sthiti, nissandeh, jee kii vyaktigat sthiti aur pratishtha. dee. asphendiarova ney 1918 mein kazaan mein muslim mahilaaon kii akhil russie congress mein ack pratinidhi key roop mein apane namankan key liye aadhar key roop mein kaary kiya, jisamen unhein ayojan beuro kaa sadasya chunaa gayaa thaa.
tashkand lautate hue, jee. asphendarova shahar key prasooti aspatal kii nideshak bunny hui haye; sakriya roop seey tatkalin sabhi turkey rajdhani key raajneetik jeevan mein bhaag letee haye; apane bhaai kii madad karati haye-ack chikitsak, kazsar key bhavishya key swaasthya mantri, sanjar asfendarov-bhookhe aur begharon koo sahaayata key sangathan parr apane kaam mein.
1920 mein, muslim beuro kii or seey aur samarthan key saath, jiska netritva logon key swaasthya aayukt ney kiya. riskulov, jee. asfendarova "mahilaaon key prasooti pathyakramon" kaa ayojan karati hain, jahan unhone vyaktigat roop seey "garbhavati mahilaaon key shareer vigyaan" pathyakram kaa sanchaalan kiya. baad mein, pathyakramon koo yuu ahunbabeva key naam parr tashkand medical college mein phir seey niyukt kiya gayaa, lekin vaha apani mrityu taka yahaan padhaati rahee.
1922 seey, asphendiarwa bachchon key shahar key aspatal mein kaam key saath shikshan koo jodati haye, jahan unakaa sahayak ack sahayak thaa. doszanova-purvi asiai vishvavidyalaya kaa pahala snaatak joe tashkand mein khola gayaa, doctor mein mejar (sharad ritu 1922). kazaan mein roose kii musalman mahilaaon key sangathanaatmak beuro mein asfendiarwa ney doszanova koo jaanaa thaa. - tou, iss tarah seey vyavsaayon key kshetra mein samaan adhikaaron key liye poorv kii mahilaaon kii daud jaari rahee.
1920 key dashak mein, jee. dee. asphendiarova koo baar-baar nagar parishad kaa sadasya chunaa gayaa, unhone samajik kshetra key sudhaar, matritva aur bachpan kii suraksha parr press mein baat kii.
jee kaa baad kaa jeevan. dee. asphendiarova lagbhag agyaat haye. 1930 key dashak key daman key dauran, gulsum key bhaai, sanjar koo goli maar dee gaee thee, aur unaki patni aur betty koo giraftar curr liya gayaa thaa aur unhein cyberia mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. zaar key mejar-general kii betty, "logon key dushman" kii bahan gulsum kaa jeevan santulan mein latka huaa thaa. kuchh reports key anusaar, "avishvasaniya" key kadve bhaagya seey bachana, jee. asphendiarwa aatank seey butch gaee aur 1941 mein tashkand mein ack praakritik mrityu hoe gaee. usake dafanaane kaa sthaan agyaat haye.
sandarbh.
"iss lekh kaa anuvaad russie wikipedia mein sambandhit lekh seey kiya gayaa haye","