
mairi lii woods

mairi lii berners-lii ("nee" woods; 12 march 1924-29 navambar 2017) ack angreji ganitshastri aur computer vaigyaanik they jinhone ack team mein kaam kiya jisane computer vigyaan vibhaag, manchester maark 1 vishvavidyalaya, ferranti maark 1 aur maark 1 starr computer mein prograam vikasit kiye. vaha worled wide web key aavishkaarak surr tima berners-lii aur greenhouse gasses parr ack angreji shodhkarta aur lekhak mike berners-lii kii maan theen.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
woods kaa janm 12 march 1924 koo holl green, birmingham seey idaa (nee baroj) aur berty woods mein huaa thaa. unake maataa-pitaa donon shikshak they. unakaa ack bhaai thaa jisane dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran shaahi vayu senaa mein seva kii aur kaarravaai mein maaraa gayaa. unhone yardley, birmingham mein yardley vyaakaran vidyalaya mein padhaai kii, jahan unhone ganit key liye ack yogyata vikasit kii. 1942 seey 1944 taka, unhone birmingham vishvavidyalaya mein ganit mein yuddhakaaleen sampeedit dou saal kaa degree pathyakram liya. isake baad unhone 1946 taka malvern mein dursanchar anusandhaan pratishthaan key liye kaam kiya jaba vaha apani degree key teesare varsh mein vaapas aaeen. apani degree poori karane key baad unhein 1947 seey 1951 taka australia key canbara mein mount stromlo vedhshala mein kaam karane key liye richard vaine dair raait wooley dwara ack fellowship kii peshkash kii gaee thee, jaba vaha ack computer programmer key roop mein manchester mein ferranti mein shamil huin.
ferranti computer prograaming samooh.
britten aur electrical engineering aur upkaran firm, ferranti mein shamil honey key baad, unhone johnn makepeace bennet key netritva mein ack samooh mein kaam karna shuru kiya.
unhone ferranti maark 1 aur ferranti maark 1 starr computer donon parr kaam kiya. inn computers key liye prograam machine code mein likhe gaye they, aur truti key liye bahut jagah thee kyonki harr bitt sahee honah thaa. machines ney crum 40-bitt ankganit (dohri lambai sanchaayak key saath) kaa upayog kiya, jiska arth thaa kii paryaapt ankganitiya sateekta banaae rakhane key liye karyakram mein charr koo maapane mein kaafee kathinaaiyaan theen.
ferranti prograaming team key sadasyon ney aksharon key nimnalikhit anukram koo smriti mein samarpit karna upayogi paaya, joe antarrashtriya telegraph varnamala sankhya mein 0-31 sankhyaon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. 1, joe kagaj tape kaa 5-bitt dwiaadhaari code thaa jiska upayog input aur output key liye kiya jaataa thaah 
ferranti maark 1 computer koo prograaming karane mein ack aur kathinaaee computer kaa dou-stariya bhandaran thaa. tez praathamik bhandar key roop mein williams cathode ray tube (see. aar. tii.) yaadrichhik abhigam smriti key aathh prishth they, aur chumbakiya drum parr maadhyamik bhandar key 512 prishth they. pratyek prishth mein battis 40-bitt shabd shamil they, joe crots parr chaunsath-20-bitt panktiyon key roop mein dikhaai diye. programmer koo electronic aur chumbakiya bhandaran key beach sabhi hastantaranon koo niyantrit karna padata thaa, aur sthanantaran dheeme they aur unhein cumm seey cumm karna padata thaa. detta key badey hisson seey nipatane vaale karyakramon key liye, jaise kii matricks, detta koo prishth-aakar key hisson mein vibhajit karna pareshani kaa vishay hoe sakata haye.
ferranti maark 1 computer ney purnank ankganit mein kaam kiya, aur engineeron ney radar mein unaki prishthabhoomi key kaaran daaeen or sabse mahatvapurna bitt key saath crots parr detta kii rekhaaon koo pradarshit karane key liye computer kaa nirmaan kiya. ise taarkik roop seey samajhadaari bharey vikalp key roop mein tark diyaa jaa sakata haye, lekin 1 starr key liye baain or sabse mahatvapurna bitt kii adhik paaramparik pranali mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. maark 1 starr ney ansh aur purnank donon key saath kaam kiya. bodot teleprinter code koo bhee nimnalikhit crum mein ack key liye chhod diyaa gayaa thaah 
ferenti maark 1 computer key liye prograam trutiyon koo dhoondhana mushkil thaa. programmer computer controll desk parr baithate they aur computer koo ack samay mein ack nirdesh dete hue dekhate they taaki yeh dekhaa jaa sakey kii anpekshit ghatanaaen kahaan huin. haalaanki, computer kaa samay adhik seey adhik moolyavaan hoe gayaa, isaliye dow. bennet ney sujhaav diyaa kii woods sanchaayak kii samagri aur vishesh store lines koo prograam mein vishisht binduon parr print karane key liye ack naidaanik karyakram likhein taaki truti nidan computer seey door hoe sakey. unaki dincharya, 'stop aind print' kii chunauti yeh thee kii ise binaa hastakshep kiye nidan key tahat karyakram kii nigrani karni thee, aur fast store mein seemit sthaan ney ise mushkil banaa diyaa. bennet aur dow. dee. key saath.jee. prince, woods vyakhyatmak upa-rutain likhane mein shamil they jinka upayog ferranti samooh dwara kiya jaataa thaa.
programon mein trutiyaan ack samasya thee, lekin computer key kaaran trutiyaan doosari theen. computer aksar diye gaye dwiaadhaari ankon koo galat tareeke seey padhata haye. engineeron ney socha kii ganitshastri ankganitiya jaanchon koo krambaddh karke isaki bharpai curr sakate hain, aur ganitavid bahut aasaani seey maan lenge kii ack galat prograam parinam computer truti key kaaran thaa jaba yeh ack prograam truti key kaaran thaa. isase ganitvidon aur engineeron key beach apariharya gharshan huaa. isake kendra mein ack karyakram thaa jise woods ney 40 ack saath samikaranon koo hull karane key liye ack matricks koo ulatane key liye likhaa thaa, joe usa samay key liye ack badee sankhya thee. iss ganana key liye aavashyak detta kii lambi panktiyon koo computer koo binaa kissy truti key sansaadhit karane mein bahut lamba samay lagaa. ack vivaad key liye wood tomm kilburn key paas gaye, joe engineering vibhaag mein professor surr fredrick coll aind williams key baad dusare sthaan parr they. kilburn vinamra thee lekin bahas naheen karati thee, aur usey lagaa kii vaha usaki shikayat koo nazarandaj curr rhaa haye. haalaanki, 50 saal baad jaba usane usase iss adaan-pradaan key baare mein poochha, tou usane kahaa kii usane tark naheen diyaa thaa "kyonki [vaha] jaanata thaa kii [vaha] sahee thee."
feranti mein, woods ney paaya kii usake vibhaag mein mahilaaon koo purushon kii tulanaa mein cumm vetan mill rhaa thaa. unhone kaarmik vibhaag key saamane mamla prastut kiya aur unhein mahilaaon key liye samaan vetan aur adhikaar dene key liye manaane mein saksham theen.
kuteer udyog karyakram.
1955 mein jaba unake pahale bachche kaa janm huaa, taba woods ney feranti chhod diyaa. unhone chhoti prograaming pariyojanaon mein shamil honah jaari rakhaa, jise unhone "kuteer udyog prograaming" kahaa, taaki vaha ghar seey kaam puuraa curr sakein. vishesh roop seey unhone landan parivahan karyakari key saath kuchh kaam kiya, taaki buss maargon key liye ack anukaran vikasit kiya jaa sakey joe thaharaav aur buss key jhund koo roque sakey. unhone mausam key gubbaron koo track karane aur unake pathan-paathan kaa anuvaad karane key liye boscomb mein raaf key liye ack karyakram bhee vikasit kiya. phir vaha 1963 mein sevaanivritti seey baahar nikalkar landan sthit company key aind aich key liye kaam karane aaee. key aur aich mein rahate hue unhone 1987 mein sevaanivritt honey taka prograaming niyamavali likhi.
vyaktigat jeevan.
1954 mein unhone conway berners-lii seey shaadi kii, jinase way ferranti team mein kaam karate hue mileen, aur unake saath chaar bachche they; timothi (tima), peater, helen aur michael (mike). unakaa sabse badaa betaa, surr tima berners-lii worled wide web kaa aavishkaarak haye, aur unakaa sabse chhota betaa mike ack akaadamik haye.
bachchon kii parvarish key liye samarpit avadhi key baad, vaha ganit kii ack schooly shikshika bunn gaeen, aur phir 1987 mein sevaanivritt honey seey pahale buniyaadi, fortran aur anya bhaashaon kaa upayog karane vaali ack programmer bunn gaeen.
29 navambar 2017 koo 93 varsh kii ayu mein unakaa nidhan hoe gayaa.

