
chilly key vanyajeev

chilly key vanyajeev desh key patale aur lambe aakar key kaaran bahut vividh hain, joe akshansh aur oonchaai kii ack vistrit shrinkhala mein faila huaa haye, joe paschim mein prashant tata kii havaa seey bharee tatrekha seey laker uttari aur poorv mein upa-antarctic, uchch aur pahaadon taka haye. kaee alag-alag paaristhitiki tantra hain.
chilly, jise aksar "dakshin america kii reedh" kahaa jaataa haye, mein 36 rashtriya udyaanon, 49 rashtriya bhandaron aur 15 rashtriya smarakon mein 14.5 laakh hectare (desh kaa 20 pratishat) key kull kshetra koo cover karane vaale 100 sanrakshit kshetra hain. chilly key dakshini bhaag mein, 50 pratishat vanaspati (samshitoshna varsha vann kaa hissa jise valdivian vann kahaa jaataa haye) sthaanik haye joe duniya mein ack anoothi visheshta haye. "lapageria gulab" (chilly key belflower) rashtriya phool haye, aur conder, ("vulter griffus") (aine. tii.), rashtriya pakshi haye, aur dakshin aur humul ("hippocamelus bisulcus"), chilly kaa rashtriya janwar haye. kanuni roop seey, chilly mein vanyajeev "races nulius" (malik rahit sampatti) haye.
bhugol.
vanyajeev konn seey, dakshini dakshin america mein chilly uttar-dakshin disha mein faila huaa haye, jise dakshin america kii reedh kahaa jaataa haye, argentine aur peru key saath sthaliya seemaaen hain, aur dakshin prashant mahasagar parr 6,435 kimmy (3,999 meal) kii lambi tata rekha haye. atakama registan duniya kaa sabse shushk registan haye. ojos dell salado, ack crater jheel joe duniya kii sabse oonchi jheel haye, yahaan sthit haye.
jalavaayu.
uttari chilly mein cacti jaise vishisht registani vanyajeevon key saath kathor atakama registan haye. desh key madhya bhaag mein, ack samshitoshna bhoomadhyasagariya jalavaayu haye, jabaki dakshin mein thhande aur nama pahaadi kshetra aur kaee dweep hain.
kaanoon koo saksham banaana.
jangli jaanvaron koo pakadane aur unake upayog koo sambodhit karane vaalaa pahala kaanoon 1888 key nagrik sanhita mein nihit thaa. chilly ney apane sthaliya kshetra key lagbhag 20 pratishat koo sanrakshan sanrakshan kaanoonon key tahat laaya haye aur isake samudri kshetradhikar kaa 3.19% bhee sanrakshan key tahat haye. pahala rashtriya udyaan 1925 mein 1907 mein banaae gaye pahale sanrakshit kshetra key baad banaaya gayaa thaa. lekin yeh lii dee bosk (1931) thaa jisane aine. pee., bhandar aur praakritik smarakon kii sthaapana kii anumati dee. taba seey kaee agencies (kendriya aur kshetriya star parr) aur niji agencies jaiv vividhata sanrakshan aur sanrakshan mein shamil rahee hain. 1984 taka, sanrakshit kshetron key nirmaan aur prabandhan key sanrakshan kaary krishi aur pashudhan seva (saig), ack sarkari nikaay key saath they. 1970 mein, chilly vann seva (konaf) koo sanrakshit kshetron koo banaane aur prabandhit karane kii jimmedaari dee gaee thee. chilly kii jaiv vividhata key sanrakshan key liye ack kendrikrit pranali, halanki, kewal 1984 mein, decree kaanoon 18,362 key tahat banaai gaee thee, jisamen sanrakshit kshetron key nirmaan koo "vikaasvaadi prakriyaon kii nirantarta, pashu pravaas, aanuvanshik pravaah pattern aur paryaavaran key viniyaman" key roop mein nirdisht kiya gayaa thaa. iss farman key tahat "systema national darius sylvestress protegidas" (snaspay) naamak ack rashtriya saarvajanik pranali kii sthaapana kii gaee thee aur prabandhan aur sanrakshan key liye nirdhaarit dishaanirdeshon key tahat udyaanon aur bhandaron kii sthaapana kaa kaary saunpa gayaa thaa. snyaspe ney virgine kshetriya bhandar, rashtriya udyaan, praakritik smaarak aur rashtriya bhandar kii chaar shreniyon key tahat sanrakshit kshetron koo sthaapit karane key liye iucn dishaanirdeshon kaa paalan kiya. twarit kaarravaai key poorak niji agencies dwara vishisht kshetron kii raksha key liye kii gaee pahal hain. donon hii kaary paaristhitiki paryatan kii or pravritt hain. choonki sanrakshit kshetron kii seemaon key baahar jaiv vividhata samaan roop seey mahatvapurna haye, isaliye iss gatividhi koo badhaava dene key liye prastaav rakhe gaye hain.
vanyajeevon key shoshan koo viniyamit karane vaale kaanoon 1888 seey lagu hain, jinamen 1990 key dashak seey sudhaar kiya gayaa haye, jisamen 1993 key niyam sabse haal key aur sakht hain. isake parinamswarup pakshiyon kii prajaatiyon, dou hiran (pesh kiye gaye), kasheruki keeton aur europeeya khargosh ("lapus timidus") aur europeeya khargosh ("orictolagus cuniculus") kii shamil lagomorph prajaatiyon key dohan koo chhodkar kasheruki jeevon key shikaar aur vyaavsaayikaran parr lagbhag poori tarah seey niyantran kiya gayaa haye.
jabaki kaanoonon ney sarisripon aur ubhaycharon koo suraksha pradaan kii haye, farr cover vaale jaanvaron aur pakshiyon aur standhaariyon donon kii khel prajaatiyon kaa uchit star taka shoshan kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, seema paar avaidh yatayat abhee bhee banaa huaa haye aur chilly anya dakshin americi deshon seey jaanvaron kii avaidh taskari key liye ack madhyam key roop mein kaary kartaa haye aur iss sambandh mein kaanoon pravartan shithil haye.
sanrakshit kshetra.
vanaspatiyon aur jeevon key sanrakshan key sambandh mein, desh key 15 prashaasnik kshetron, saath hii mahanagariya kshetra aur aim mein sanrakshit kshetron kii pehchaan kii gaee haye. dee santigo, joe varnanukram mein soochibaddh hain (pratyek kshetra kii crum sankhya-nigamit rashtriya vann (konaf) key liye srot jaankaari key aadhar parr-koshthakon mein dikhaai detee haye):
uparokt soochibaddh kshetron mein sanrakshit kshetron kii sankhya 100 haye joe 36 rashtriya udyaanon, 49 rashtriya bhandaron aur 15 rashtriya smarakon mein 14.5 laakh hectare (desh kaa 20 pratishat) key kshetra koo cover karati haye. rashtriya smaarak isake liye 0.01% khaate hain.
suraksha key tahat cover kiye gaye kshetra key vishva aankadon key sandarbh mein, chilly lattin america mein dusare sthaan parr aur duniya mein saatven sthaan parr haye. haalaanki, desh mein sanrakshit kshetra kaa vitaran atyadhik asman haye, jisamen 15 mein seey dou prashaasnik kshetra sanrakshit kshetra kaa 84 pratishat hissa rakhate hain, jisamen dakshini kshetra xi aur xii kull kshetra kaa lagbhag 50 pratishat hissa rakhate hain joe kii argentine aur petagonia key sanrakshit kshetron key vanon seey satey hain. shesh kshetron mein sanrakshit kshetra kull kshetra kaa kewal 4.4% haye joe sweekrit antarrashtriya maanak 5% seey cumm haye. sanrakshit kshetra sanyukt raajya america key jangal pranali mein apanaae gaye "burf aur chattan" mandand dwara bhee shaasit hain. iss mandand key tahat, snaspe key kull kshetra kaa lagbhag 23 pratishat burf key kheton aur anya bhoomi prakaron seey dhakaa huaa haye, jinamen koee vanaspati naheen haye aur cumm seey cumm nivaas haye. 100 sthaliya sanrakshit kshetron key alawa, jinamen aanshik roop seey kuchh samudri kshetra bhee shamil hain, abb antarrashtriya pakshi jeevan dwara samudri pakshi jeevan key 75 nae mahatvapurna pakshi kshetron kii pehchaan kii gaee haye. mahatvapurna pakshi kshetra (iba) mein erika kii chattaanen, kokwimbo kii khaadi, magelone, biobio aur maipu nadiyon key muhaane, alegendro selkirk dweep, choros, damas, panta dee choros aur park nacional kaabo dee hornos shamil hain."
vanaspati.
desh kii vanaspatiyaan "56 varg, 181 parivaar, 837 vansh aur lagbhag 4,295 prajaatiyon" seey bunny hain, jinamen badee sankhya mein vansh aur prajaatiyon key sandarbh mein astersey, poesi, fabacy aur solanesi parivaaron seey hain. bhoomi koo akshansh vargon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye joe desh kii vanaspati koo nirdhaarit karate hain; bhoomi kii mitty kii sthiti aur jalavaayu kii sthiti iss sambandh mein pramukh kaarak hain. uttari registani kshetra (atakama registan, prithvi parr sabse shushk sthaan) mein, joe rait kaa registani kshetra haye, vahaan koee varsha naheen hoti haye, lekin yeh abhee bhee naa kewal vanaspati balki jeevon koo bhee banaae rakhta haye; tateey kohra unhein banaae rakhta haye. registan kii vanaspati mein ack kataai vaalaa babool kaa pedh, cacti kii kismon key saath-saath jhaadiyan aur kataidar bramble hotey hain. uttari chilly key uchch pathaar kshetra mein, vanaspatiyon kii aam prajaatiyan lauretta aur ichu aur tolaa kismon kii ghaas hain. madhya chilly, cacti, espino aur algarobo hardwood aur "adesmia" jhaadiyon kaa ardhashushk kshetra ullekhaniya vanaspati haye. madhya chilly key aardr aur samshitoshna kshetra mein, vanaspati koo "maatri" shabd dwara paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye jisamen kathor lakadi, jhaadiyan, cacti aur hurry ghaas kii motee vriddhi hoti haye; haalaanki bhoomi parr bhaari maanavjanit dabaav key kaaran vanaspati patali hoe rahee haye. biobio nadee key dakshin mein, mishrit parnapaati vann aur sadabahar pedh aam vanaspati prakaar hain; report kii gaee prajaatiyon mein rauli yaa dakshini devdaar, robal beach, "ulmo" (ack sadabahar jhaadi) aur sadabahar laurel shamil hain. andes kii paschimi dhalanon mein vanaspati key prakaar bandar paheli pedh (chilly pine) key ghaney jangalon seey baney hain. chilly key jheel jile mein lakadi kii prajaatiyon key ghaney varsha vann hain. jheel key dakshin mein, pramukh vanaspati mein antarctic beach, chilly devdaar aur vishal ellers (dakshini chilly mein yeh pedh 3000 saal purana bataaya gayaa haye aur yeh "duniya kaa doosara sabse badaa jeevit jeev" haye) shamil hain. chilly key patagonia aur tiara dell fugo dweep mein, mausam kii sthiti key kaaran kewal bauni kism key dakshini beach aur kathor ghaas paae jaate hain.
chilly mein sabhi pushp vanaspatiyon mein seey, upa-antarctic vanon kii pracheen pushp vanaspati (parnapaati lenga vann, peat bogh aur anya ghaas key maidanon sahit) tiara dell fugo (jiska arth haye "aag kii bhoomi") mein paaee jaati haye, chilly mein purvi bhaag mein aur argentine mein paschimi bhaag, jiska hissa bernardo oh 'higgins rashtriya udyaan haye, joe dakshin america mein sabse badaa sanrakshit kshetra haye. chilly key dakshini bhaag mein, 50 pratishat vanaspati (samshitoshna varsha vann kaa hissa jise valdivian vann kahaa jaataa haye) sthaanik haye, joe duniya mein ack anoothi visheshta haye.
"lapageria gulab" (chilly key belflower), ack dohare parvatarohi, jise duniya mein sabse khubsurat foolon vaali belon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye, chilly kaa rashtriya phool haye.
jeev-jantu.
standhari.
apani purvi seema parr durjeya oonche aur shushk registanon key saath apani bhaugolik setting koo dekhate hue, apane padosi deshon seey aavaajaahi koo rokte hue, chilly mein sthaliya standhaariyon kii prajaatiyan 103 taka seemit hain, kull standhari prajaatiyon kii sankhya lagbhag 148 haye. bhoomi standhari jyaadaatar nishaachar hain aur maanav sampark seey bachate hain. rashtriya udyaan, joe standhaariyon koo suraksha pradaan karate hain, sabse adhik sambhaavit sthaan hain jahan inn jaanvaron koo dekhaa jaa sakata haye. 18 sthaanik standhari prajaatiyan hain. samudri standhaariyon (jaise whale, oodabilaav, samudri shher, dolphin) aur pakshiyon koo desh key paschim mein prashant mahasagar kii lambi tatrekha key saath kaafee aasaani seey dekhaa jaa sakata haye. desh mein 600 seey adhik kasheruki prajaatiyon mein seey kewal dou darjan koo videshi maanaa jaataa haye.
ullekhaniya standhari prajaatiyon mein gwanakos (jangli laama kaa ack roop), jangli taksal, armadillos, kulpo (lomdi) aur oposum shamil hain. dakshini chilly mein paaee jaane vaali prajaatiyan pudu (duniya kaa sabse chhota hiran) hain, aur oposum jaise monito dell monte, joe ack jeevit jeevaashm haye. uttari america mein parvatiya shher yaa kaugar naamak petagonian pyuma poore chilly mein paaya jaataa haye aur isaki aabaadi (ack baar andhadhundh shikaar) koo sarkaar dwara pradaan kii gaee suraksha seey madad millie haye.
deshi samudri standhaariyon mein haathi muhar aur samudri shher shamil hain. neeli whale (corcovado kii khaadi mein) (duniya kaa sabse badaa standhari), koobad, seii aur shukranu whale, samudri oodabilaav aur dolphin prajaatiyan bhee paaee jaati hain.
pakshiyon.
chilly kaa rashtriya pakshi andean kondor haye joe chilly mein kull pakshiyon kii prajaati haye, jaisa kii pakshi jeevan antarrashtriya dwara 2012 taka bataaya gayaa haye, sankhya 530, jisamen 14 sthaanik prajaatiyan (chilly mein dou prajanan), 37 vaishvik star parr sankatgrast prajaatiyan aur 7 pesh kii gaee prajaatiyan shamil hain. vaishvik star parr luptapray, sthaanik aur shuru kii gaee prajaatiyan iss prakaar hainh
gambhir roop seey luptapray
luptapray
khatare key karib
kamjor
sthaanik
gair-samudri molsk.
chilly key jangal mein gair-samudri molsk kii kaee prajaatiyan paaee jaati hain. deshi orthalysidae mein genus "bostricks" kii 29 prajaatiyan aur genus "plactostillus" kii 12 prajaatiyan shamil hain.
samudri molsk.
chilly sankhya 1070 prajaatiyon key samudri molsk, jinamen gastropod jaise limpet, ghonghe aur samudri slug shamil hain; clam, seep, shampo aur scallops jaise dwi-pakshiya; aur octopus, squid aur cuttlefish jaise safelopod.
dhamkiyaan.
chilly mein jeevon aur vanaspatiyon key patan key kaee kaaran hain. yeye aam taur parr krishi aur khanan (vyaapak vanon kii kataai) key liye bhoomi key atikraman, mahsoos kiye gaye jaanvaron key shikaar, bhojan aur jaanvaron key vyaapaar aur anya jaanvaron aur pakshiyon dwara hamale seey sambandhit hain. yeh bataaya gayaa haye kii lagbhag 33 pratishat standhaariyon kii prajaatiyon koo vilupt honey kaa khatra haye.
samudri kshetra mein, audyogik machhali pakadane (salmon kheti aur samvardhit shahatoot) aur jaleey krishi, vishesh roop seey corcovado kii khaadi mein, samudri sansadhanon kaa gahan dohan, troll key badey samudri yatayat, sambandhit machhali pakadane seey khatare hain.
sanrakshan.
madhya chilly mein standhaariyon kii prajaatiyon key iss sandarbh mein, ack atyadhik aabaadi vaalaa kshetra, sanrakshan chinta kaa vishay haye. uttari chilly key shushk kshetron mein bhee sanrakshan kii chinta aavashyak haye. chilly key adhikaariyon ney antarrashtriya sahaayata key saath inn samasyaon koo sambodhit karane mein pragati kii haye, lekin bahut kuchh kiya jaanaa baaki haye, jisake liye kaee advitiya roopon koo sanrakshit karane key liye nirantar antarrashtriya sahaayata kii aavashyakta hogi.
vanyajeevon kaa sanrakshan donon sarkari sangathanon jaise snap aur isake karyanvayan wing dha konaf dwara sthaapit aur prabandhit sanrakshit kshetron key madhyam seey aur niji pahalon key madhyam seey bhee praapt kiya jaataa haye. vaanijyik shoshan koo luptapray prajaatiyon (uddharan) mein antarrashtriya vyaapaar parr sammelan dwara niyantrit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen chilly ack hastaksharkarta haye aur uddharan anulagnak II luptapray prajaatiyon kii soochi detaa haye. iss gatividhi mein antarrashtriya sahaayata kaa bharpur yogdan rhaa haye.
apane vanyajeevon key sanrakshan key hisse key roop mein, chilly ney antarrashtriya samjhauton, protocol, sammelanon aur kaanoonon jaise kii antarctic-paryaavaran protocol, antarctic samudri jeevit sansadhanon key sanrakshan key liye sammelan, antarctic sandhi, jalavaayu parivartan-kyoto protocol, samudra kaa kaanoon, paryaavaran sanshodhan sammelan, ozon parat sanrakshan key liye montrial protocol, antarctic muhar, jaiv vividhata, jalavaayu parivartan, marusthalikaran, luptapray prajaatiyon, khatarnak kachare, samudri dumping, jahaaj pradooshan, ardrabhoomi aur whale shikaar key liye hastakshar kiye hain (lekin anumodit naheen).