1972 italvi aam chunaav

1972 kaa italvi aam chunaav 7 maee 1972 koo itali mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. isai loktantra (dee. see.) lagbhag 38 pratishat maton key saath sthir rhaa, jaisa kii communist party (pee. see. aaee.) ney kiya thaa, jisane 1968 mein vahee 27 pratishat praapt kiya thaa. samajwadi party (pee. aiss. aaee.) ney apani girawat jaari rakhee, joe ghatkar 10 pratishat seey bhee cumm hoe gaee. vote share mein sabse badee vriddhi post-fasiwadi italvi samajik andolan kii thee, jisane apane vote koo lagbhag 4.5% seey doguna curr diyaa, jaba isake netaa giorgio almirant ney "rashtriya adhikaar" kaa sootra shuru kiya, jisamen unhone apani party koo italvi dakshinpanthi key ekmatra samooh key roop mein prastaavit kiya. 2 pratishat seey cumm key nirashajanak parinam key baad, 1968 key 4.5 pratishat key mukabale, italvi samajwadi party off prolaterian unity koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa; isake adhikansh sadasya pee. see. aaee. mein shamil hoe gaye.
chunavi pranali.
pratinidhi mandal key liye chunavi pranali shuddh party-soochi aanupaatik pratinidhitva thee. italvi praanton koo 32 nirvaachan kshetron mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen seey pratyek ummidvaaron key ack samooh kaa chunaav kartaa thaa. nirvaachan kshetra star parr, shaahi kote key saath sabse badee shesh vidhi kaa upayog karke seeton koo khuli soochiyon key beach vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. shesh maton aur seeton koo rashtriya star parr sthanantarit kiya gayaa, jahaan unhein khargosh kote kaa upayog karke vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, aur swachaalit roop seey sthaaniya soochiyon mein sabse adhik haare hue logon koo vitarit kiya gayaa thaa.
senate key liye, 237 ekal-seat nirvaachan kshetron kii sthaapana kii gaee thee, bhale hii vidhansabha key sadasya badhkar 325 hoe gaye houn. ummidvaaron koo swachaalit roop seey nirvaachit honey key liye dou-tihai maton kii bhaari jeet kii aavashyakta thee, ack lakshya joe kewal dakshin tirol mein german alpsankhyakon dwara praapt kiya jaa sakata thaa. sabhi shesh maton aur seeton koo party soochiyon aur kshetriya nirvaachan kshetron mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan ack dee 'hondt vidhi kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaah soochiyon key ander, sarvshreshth pratishat vaale ummidwar chune gaye they.
aitihaasik prishthabhoomi.
1960-70 key dashak key anta mein "oposty astremismi" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa, (vampanthi aur dakshinpanthi dangon seey), baad mein bumm visfoton aur golibari kii lahar key kaaran iska naam badalkar "annie dee piombo" ("seese key saal") curr diyaa gayaa-iss avadhi kaa pahala shikaar antonio annarumma thaa, ack puliskarmi, joe 12 navambar 1969 koo milan mein vampanthi pradarshan key dauran maaraa gayaa thaa.
disambar mein, chaar bumm visfot rome mein vittoriyo emuel II ("altare della patria"), baanka nazionale dell lavoro, aur milan mein baanka commercial aur baanka nazionale dell 'agricoltura key smaarak parr hue. baad kii bambari, jise 12 disambar 1969 kii piaza fontana bambari key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, mein 17 loga maare gaye aur 88 ghayal hoe gaye.
saamyavaadi sachiv luigi longo koo 1968 key anta mein ack aghaat kaa saamana karna padaa; halanki agale maheenon mein aanshik roop seey thheek hoe rahey they, farwari 1969 seey unhein adhikansh nirnayon mein enrico burlinger dwara sahayak-sachiv key roop mein kaary karane mein sahaayata millie. longo ney 1972 mein party sachiv key pada seey istifa dey diyaa, aur apane uttaradhikari key roop mein burlinger key chayan kaa samarthan kiya.
burlinger key apratyaashit rukh ney laharen banaa deenh unhone masco mein ack pramukh communist netaa dwara sunaa gayaa sabse majboot bhaashan diyaa. unhone cheeni communists koo "bahishkrit" karane seey incar curr diyaa, aur seedhe leonid brejhanev koo bataaya kii yuddh sandhi deshon dwara chekoslovakia parr aakraman (jise unhone "vyavhaar mein trasdi" kahaa) ney rashtriya samprabhuta, samajwadi loktantra aur sanskriti kii swatantrata jaise maulik prashnon parr communist andolan key bheetar kaafee matbhedon koo spasht curr diyaa thaa.
italvi samajik andolan key netaa arturo michelini kii 1969 mein mrityu hoe gaee aur party key pahale aur karishmai netaa giorgio almirante ney niyantran hassil curr liya. unhone vampanthi chhaatr vidroh key khilaf ack aakramak neeti apnakar party koo punarjeevit karane kaa prayaas kiya; 1968 kaa chhaatr andolan party key yuva sangathan key liye vinashkari rhaa thaa. inserimento" key michelini key whiffle drishtikon key baad, almirant ney ack vyaapak "rashtriya adhikaar" ("distra nazionle") gathbandhan key nirmaan key saath sanyukt roop seey kathor pranali-virodhi pravachan kii dohri ranneeti pesh kii.
parinam.
ganitiya roop seey, chunaav chaar saal pahale key samaan parinam detaa prateet hotaa thaa, teen pramukh dalon koo kaafee samaan praathamiktaaen praapt hoti theen. haalaanki, aim. aiss. aaee. dwara rashtriya adhikaar key sanchaalan kii safalata ney pee. aiss. aaee. koo ack sunhara hissa diyaa, kyonki isai loktantravadiyon key paas ack loktaantrik sarkaar banaane key apane adhikaar koo dekhane kii koee adhik sambhavana naheen thee, samajvadiyon key saath gathbandhan kaafee baadhya hoe gayaa. nivartamaan pradhaanmantri giulio andreotti ney apani madhyamaargi ranneeti koo jaari rakhane kii koshish kii, lekin unakaa prayaas kewal ack saal taka chalaa. poorv pradhaan mantri mariano kii afwah isaliye dee. see., pee. aiss. aaee., pee. aiss. dee. aaee. aur priyon key beach apane paaramparik kendra-vaam gathbandhan key saath sarkaar key pramukh key roop mein vaapas aaa gaee, lekin aathh maheene baad ganarajyiyon ney unhein chhod diyaa. unhone ack nae daste key saath jaari rakhaa, lekin way 1974 key talaak janmat sangrah seey utpann jhatakon kaa saamana naheen curr sakey. catholics aur dharmnirpekshtavadiyon key beach parinami mahaan vivaadon key baad, poorv pradhaanmantri aldo moro ney samajvadiyon koo kewal isai loktantriyon aur ganrajyon seey bunny alpasankhyak sarkaar koo sweekaar karane key liye raaji kiya. haalaanki, 1975 key kshetriya chunaavon seey naee samasya utpann hui, joe vampanth kii ack badee safalata thee, jisake parinamswarup nae rashtriya chunaavon kaa ahwan kiya gayaa. jaba gantantravadiyon ney bhee 1976 mein moro chhod diyaa, tou ack naee sarkaar kii koee sambhavana naheen rahee, aur ack praarambhik aam chunaav aavashyak paaya gayaa.

