
ack paadap harmon key roop mein ethylene

ethylene (=) ack asantript hydrocarbon gais (alkien) haye joe praakritik roop seey paae jaane vaale paadap harmon key roop mein kaary karati haye. yeh sabse saral alkien gais haye aur harmon key roop mein kaary karane key liye jaani jaane vaali pahali gais haye. yeh poore jeevan mein paudhe key nishan star parr phal key pakane, foolon key khulane, pattiyon key apsaran (yaa girane) koo uttejit yaa niyantrit karke aur jaleey aur ardh-jaleey prajaatiyon mein, tanon yaa pattiyon key teji seey vistaar key madhyam seey jalmagn honey seey 'bachane' koo badhaava dekar kaary kartaa haye. chawal kii kheti mein yeh bachaav pratikriya vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna haye. vaanijyik phal-pakane vaale kamare ethanol kii taral aapoorti seey ethylene gais banaane key liye "utprerak generator" kaa upayog karate hain. aam taur parr, 24 seey 48 ghanton key liye 500 seey 2,000 ppm key gais star kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. gais key upayog key dauran pakane vaale kamaron mein carbon dioxide key star koo niyantrit karane key liye savdhani baratani chaahiye, kyonki uchch tapman pakane () seey 24 ghanton mein 10 pratishat key carbon dioxide key star kaa utpaadan hotaa haye.
itihas.
krishi mein upayog key itihas key saath-saath ethylene kaa bhee haye. pracheen misravasi pakane koo protsaahit karane key liye anjeeron koo kaatate they (ghaav paudhon key ootakon dwara ethylene utpaadan koo uttejit kartaa haye). nashpati key pakane koo badhaane key liye pracheen cheeni bund kamaron mein dhoop jalaate they. 19veen shatabdi mein, shahar key nivaasiyon ney dekhaa kii sadak kii roshni seey gais key risaav seey vriddhi rook gaee, foolon kii mrityu hoe gaee aur samay seey pahale patte gir gaye. 1874 mein, yeh pataa chalaa kii dhuein key kaaran ananas key khet khilate hain. dhuein mein ethylene hotaa haye, aur ack baar jaba yeh mahsoos kiya gayaa kii dhuein koo athphen yaa nafthlein acetic acid seey badal diyaa gayaa thaa, joe ethylene utpaadan koo prerit kartaa haye.
paadap shareer vigyaan mein ack kaarak key roop mein ethylene kaa vaigyaanik adhyayan 19veen shatabdi key anta mein shuru huaa. 1896 mein, russie vanaspati vigyaani demetry neljubo ney prakaash gais key prati mutter kii pratikriya kaa adhyayan kiya, jisake liye unhone gati dikhaai. unhone prakaash srot mein sakriya ghatak key roop mein ethylene kii khoj kii joe mutter key vyavhaar koo uttejit kartaa haye. unhone 1901 mein apani khoj kii soochana dee. saaraa sandeh ney 1917 mein yeh bhee dikhaaya kii prakaashit gais seey ethylene uttejit absition seey utpann hotaa haye. florida mein kisan aamtaur parr mitty key tail key deepak jalaakar apani fasalon koo shade mein pakaate they, joe mool roop seey garmi seey pakane key liye prerit karane key liye socha jaataa thaa. 1924 mein, frank ee. denny ney paaya kii yeh mitty key tail key lamp dwara utsarjit anu ethylene thaa jisane pakane koo prerit kiya. vanaspati rajpatra" mein unhone likhaah ethylene vaanchhit parinam laane mein bahut prabhaavi thaa, havaa key duss laakh hisson mein ethylene kii sandrata ack hisse (matra key hisab seey) key roop mein cumm thee joe lagbhag chhah seey duss dinon mein harey nimbu koo peela karane key liye paryaapt thee... isake alawa, mitty key tail key choolhe seey ethylene yaa gais key saath rung lagaane seey "button" (calix, receptical aur pedankal kaa ack hissa) kaa nuksan huaa... ethylene upchaarit phal kaa peela padanaa teesare yaa chauthe dinn key aspas dikhaai dene lagaa, aur chhah seey duss dinon mein puuraa peela rung vikasit hoe gayaa. usee avadhi key dauran anupachaarit phal harey rahey.usee varsh, denny ney prayogaatmak vivaran koo alag seey prakaashit kiya, aur yeh bhee praayogik roop seey dikhaaya kii mitty key tail kii tulanaa mein ethylene kaa upayog adhik fayademand thaa.
1934 mein, british jeevvigyaani richard gene ney paaya kii pakey hue kele mein rasayanik ghatak harey kele key pakane key saath-saath mutter key teji seey vikas kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. unhone dikhaaya kii vahee vikas prabhaav ethylene dwara prerit kiya jaa sakata haye. prakriti" mein report karate hue kii pakaa huaa phal (iss mamle mein versester nashpati seb) ethylene kaa utpaadan kartaa haih [seb dwara] utpaadit ethylene kii matra bahut cumm haye-shayed poore jeevan-itihas key dauran 1 ghana centimeter key crum mein; aur itani chhoti sandrata mein isaki vilakshan javic gatividhi kaa kaaran aage key shodh key liye ack samasya haye. seb dwara iska utpaadan oxygen key abhaav mein bund hoe jaataa haye yaa bahut cumm hoe jaataa haye. baad mein unhone dikhaaya kii ethylene kaa utpaadan anya falon dwara bhee kiya jaataa thaa, aur seb seey praapt beej ankuran aur vibhinn sabjiyon mein paudhe key vikas koo prerit curr sakata haye (lekin anaaj mein naheen). unake nishkarshon koo anya vaigyaanikon dwara saarvbhaumik roop seey sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa thaa. way taba adhik aashvast hoe gaye jaba villium croker, alfred hitchcock aur persey zimmerman ney 1935 mein bataaya kii ethylene paudhon key vikas aur vanaspati ootakon kii umr badhane mein auxin key samaan kaary kartaa haye. iss prakaar, yeh sthaapit karna kii ethylene ack paadap harmon haye.
paudhon mein ethylene jaiv sanshleshan.
ethylene kaa utpaadan anivarya roop seey uchch paudhon key sabhi hisson seey kiya jaataa haye, jisamen patte, tunn, jadein, phool, phal, kanda aur beej shamil hain.
ethylene utpaadan vibhinn vikasatmak aur paryavaraniya karakon dwara niyantrit kiya jaataa haye. paudhe key jeevan key dauran, vriddhi key kuchh charanon jaise ankuran, falon kaa pakna, pattiyon kaa vikshepan aur foolon kii umr badhane key dauran ethylene kaa utpaadan prerit hotaa haye. ethylene utpaadan vibhinn prakaar key baahari pahaluon jaise yaantrik ghaav, paryavaraniya tanaav aur auxin aur anya niyamakon sahit kuchh rasayanon seey bhee prerit hoe sakata haye. ethylene jaiv sanshleshan key liye maarg kaa naam vaigyaanik shang faa yang key naam parr yang chakr rakhaa gayaa haye, jinhone iss maarg koo spasht karane mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa thaa.
ethylene koo emino acid methionine seey "aiss"-adenosyl-methionine (saim, jise adomate bhee kahaa jaataa haye) taka enzyme adenocyltranspherase dwara jaiv sanshleshan kiya jaataa haye. saim koo phir enzyme ack synthes (acs) dwara 1-aminocyclopropen-1-carboxylic acid (assie) mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye. assie kii gatividhi ethylene utpaadan kii darr nirdhaarit karati haye, isaliye iss enzyme kaa viniyaman ethylene jaiv sanshleshan key liye mahatvapurna haye. antim charan key liye oxygen kii aavashyakta hoti haye aur isamen enzyme ack-oxidase (aco) kii kriya shamil hoti haye, jise pahale ethylene banaane vaale enzyme (efe) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. ethylene jaiv sanshleshan antarjan yaa bahijan ethylene dwara prerit kiya jaa sakata haye. auxin key uchch star key saath aeye. see. sanshleshan badhata haye, vishesh roop seey indol acetic acid (aaee. aeye. aeye.) aur cytokinin.
paudhon mein ethylene dhaarana.
ethylene koo paanch transmembrane protein diamer key ack parivaar dwara maanaa jaataa haye jaise kii "arabidopsis" mein aeye. tii. aar. 1 protein. ethylene receptors koo encoding karane vaale jeane koo sandarbh sanyantra "arabidopsis thaliana" aur kaee anya paudhon mein pratiroopit kiya gayaa haye. ethylene receptors koo paadap genome mein kaee jeane dwara kootbaddh kiya jaataa haye. kissy bhee jeane parivaar mein pramukh missense utparivartan, jisamen "arabidopsis" mein paanch receptors aur tamatar mein cumm seey cumm chhah shamil hain, ethylene koo asamvedansheelta pradaan curr sakate hain. ethylene-receptor parivaar key kaee sadasyon mein kaary-haani utparivartan key parinamswarup ack paudha banata haye joe sanrachanaatmak ethylene pratikriyaon koo pradarshit kartaa haye. ethylene receptors key liye dee. aine. aeye. anukramon kii pehchaan kaee anya paudhon kii prajaatiyon mein bhee kii gaee haye aur sinobacteria mein ack ethylene binding protein kii bhee pehchaan kii gaee haye.
namak key tanaav key liye ethylene pratikriya.
mitty kaa ack badaa hissa adhik lavanata seey prabhaavit huaa haye aur yeh kaee paudhon key vikas koo seemit karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. vishva star parr, khaari mitty kaa kull kshetra 397,000,000 hectare thaa aur africa jaise mahadweepon mein, yeh mitty kaa 2 pratishat haye. duniya bhar mein sinchit bhoomi key mitty key lavankaran kii matra 19.5% aur shushk bhoomi krishi key 2.1% taka pahunch gaee haye. mitty kaa lavankaran shuddh vilayan sanchay dwara parasaran kshamata kaa upayog karke paudhon koo prabhaavit kartaa haye. paadap mein parasaran dabaav vaha haye joe jall grahan aur koshika turgor koo stomatal kaary aur anya koshikiya tantra mein madad karane key liye banaae rakhta haye. peedhiyon seey, kaee paadap jeane ney paudhon key phenotype koo badalane kii anumati dee haye aur lavanata prabhaavon kaa mukabala karane key liye alag tantra kaa nirmaan kiya haye.
paadap harmon ethylene adhikansh paudhon mein lavanata key liye ack ladaakoo haye. ethylene koo paudhe key vikas aur vikas koo niyantrit karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye aur ack jatil sanket pargaman maarg key madhyam seey tanaav kii sthitiyon key liye anukoolit kiya jaataa haye. ee. tii. oh. 2, ee. aar. aiss. 1 aur ee. aaee. aine. 2 jaise paudhon mein kendriya jhilli protein kaa upayog kaee paudhon kii vriddhi prakriyaon mein ethylene sanket key liye kiya jaataa haye. ee. tii. oh. 2, ethylene atiutpaadak 2, ack protein haye joe, jaba utparivartit hotaa haye, tou koee tanaav kii sthiti naa honey parr bhee ethylene kaa utpaadan karane key liye ack kaary praapt karega, jisase paudha chhota aur stump hoe jaayega. ers1, ethylene pratikriya samvedak 1, taba sakriya hotaa haye jaba ethylene sanket maarg mein maujood hotaa haye aur jaba utparivartit hotaa haye, tou yeh ack kaary khou detaa haye aur ethylene seey baandh naheen sakata haye. iska matlab haye kii pratikriya kabhi sakriya naheen hoti haye aur paudha ajaivik tanaav kaa saamana karane mein saksham naheen hoga. ee. aaee. aine. 2, ethylene asamvedansheel 2, ack protein haye joe maarg koo sakriya kartaa haye aur jaba yahaan ack utparivartan hotaa haye tou ee. aaee. aine. 2 ethylene uttejana koo avaruddh curr dega aur ack ethylene pratikriya jeane sakriya naheen hoga. inn proteins mein utparivartan namak kii samvedansheelta koo badhaa sakate hain aur paudhe key vikas koo seemit curr sakate hain. lavanata key prabhaavon kaa adhyayan "arabidopsis" paudhon parr kiya gayaa haye jinhone ers1 aur ein4 protein koo utparivartit kiya haye. inn proteins kaa upayog ethylene sanket key liye phir seey kuchh tanaav sthitiyon key liye kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii namak aur ethylene agradoot assie namak key tanaav key prati kissy bhee samvedansheelta koo dabaane kii anumati dey rhaa haye. inn maargon mein utparivartan ethylene sanket kii kamee kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain, jisase paudhe kii vriddhi aur vikas mein baadha aaa sakati haye.
ethylene key paryavaraniya aur javic triggers.
baadh, sookha, thandak, chot lagana aur rogjanak hamale jaise paryavaraniya sanket paudhon mein ethylene key gathan koo prerit curr sakate hain. baadh mein, jadein oxygen kii kamee yaa anoxia seey peedit hoti hain, joe 1-aminocyclopropen-1-carboxylic acid (assie) key sanshleshan kii or leey jaati haye. aeye. see. koo paudhe mein oopar kii or leey jaaya jaataa haye aur phir pattiyon mein aukseekrit kiya jaataa haye. utpaadit ethylene pattiyon key nastic andolan (epinesty) kaa kaaran banata haye, shayed oxygen kii kamee vaali jadon key madhyam seey jall parivahan key pratirodh mein vriddhi key liye muaavaje mein paudhe koo cumm paani khone mein madad kartaa haye.
korola sensense.
ack paudhe kaa korola isaki pankhudiyon key samooh koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. paudhon mein korola vikas koo antices seey laker korola wilting taka key charanon mein vibhajit kiya jaataa haye. korola kaa vikas kuchh hudd taka ethylene dwara nirdeshit kiya jaataa haye, halanki isaki sandrata taba sabse adhik hoti haye jaba paudhe koo nishechit kiya jaataa haye aur abb paraganakon koo aakarshit karane vaali sanrachanaon aur yaugikon key utpaadan yaa rakharkhaav kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. vikasatmak chakr mein ethylene kii bhoomika korola ootak mein vriddhavastha key harmonal nideshak key roop mein hoti haye. yeh spasht haye kii paraagan key baad vikasatmak charanon mein ethylene utpaadan aur utsarjan adhikatam kiya jaataa haye, jaba taka kii korola sookh naheen jaataa. korola ootak kii ethylene-nirdeshit vriddhavastha koo korola mein rung parivartan yaa korola ootak key wilting/mrityu key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. rasayanik star parr, ethylene utpaadit sugandh vashpasheel kii matra mein kamee kaa madhyasthata kartaa haye. sugandh vashpasheel jyaadaatar paraganakon koo aakarshit karke kaary karate hain. iss vikasatmak paridrishya mein ethylene kii bhoomika paraganakon koo aakarshit karane kii sthiti seey paudhe koo door leey jaanaa haye, isaliye yeh inn vashpasheel padarthon key utpaadan koo cumm karane mein bhee sahaayata kartaa haye.
korola ootak mein ethylene utpaadan seedhe korola ootak kii umr badhane kaa kaaran naheen banata haye, lekin ootak kii umr badhane key anuroop maadhyamik utpaadon koo jaari karke kaary kartaa haye. jabaki ethylene-madhyasthata senacence kaa tantra spasht naheen haye, ack senacence-nirdeshit harmon key roop mein isaki bhoomika kii pushti ethylene-samvedansheel petunia pratikriya seey ethylene nockdown seey kii jaa sakati haye. ethylene jaiv sanshleshan jeane kii girawat korola kii badhati deerghaayu key saath susangat thee; vipareet roop seey, ethylene jaiv sanshleshan jeane pratilekhan karakon kaa upp-regulation korola kii adhik teji seey vriddhavastha key saath susangat thaa.
vyaavsaayik mudde.
ethylene phal pakane aur foolon kii umr badhane mein teji laate hue kaee falon key shelf jeevan koo cumm curr detaa haye. ethylene foolon kii umr badhane aur foolon key vikshepan koo tej karke katey hue foolon aur potted paudhon kii shelf life koo cumm curr dega. jinn foolon aur paudhon koo parivahan, sanchaalan yaa bhandaran key dauran tanaav kaa saamana karna padata haye, way ethylene kaa utpaadan karate hain jisase pushp pradarshan mein mahatvapurna kamee aatee haye. ethylene seey prabhaavit foolon mein carnation, geranium, petunia, gulab aur kaee anya shamil hain.
ethylene phool vikretaon, baajaron, aapurtikartaon aur utpadakon key liye mahatvapurna aarthik nuksan kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. shodhkartaon ney ethylene koo rokane key kaee tareeke vikasit kiye hain, jinamen ethylene sanshleshan koo rokna aur ethylene dhaarana koo rokna shamil haye. aminoethoxivinilgly (aeye. vee. jee.), aminoxycetic acid (aeye. oh. aeye.) aur silver salt ethylene avarodhak hain. fasal kataai key baad key nuksan koo cumm karane key liye ethylene sanshleshan koo rokna cumm prabhaavi haye kyonki anya sroton seey ethylene kaa abhee bhee prabhaav hoe sakata haye. ethylene dhaarana koo rokkar, phal, paudhe aur phool antarjan yaa bahirjan sroton seey utpaadit ethylene key prati pratikriya naheen karate hain. ethylene dhaarana key avrodhakon mein aise yaugik shamil hain joe ethylene key samaan aakar key hotey hain, lekin ethylene pratikriya koo prakat naheen karate hain. ethylene dhaarana avarodhak kaa ack udaaharan 1-methylcyclopine (1-mcp) haye.
ananas key paudhon sahit bromeliad key vaanijyik utpaadak foolon koo prerit karane key liye ethylene kaa upayog karate hain. paudhon koo yaa tou ack kaksh mein gais key saath upchaar dwara, yaa ack sanlagn kshetra mein paudhe key buggle mein kele key chhilke koo rakhkar phoolane key liye prerit kiya jaa sakata haye.
chrysanthemum foolon mein ethylene gais key kaaran deree hoti haye, aur utpadakon ney paaya haye kii carbon dioxide 'berner' aur aksham glasshouses heater seey nikalane vaalaa dhuaan ethylene kii sandrata koo 0.05 ppmv taka badhaa sakata haye, jisase vaanijyik fasalon key foolon mein deree hoe sakati haye.

