
viga (vastukala)

viga lakadi kii kiranen hain jinka upayog americi dakshin-paschim, vishesh roop seey nyu maxico kii paaramparik edob vastukala mein kiya jaataa haye. iss prakaar key nirmaan mein, veega mukhya sanrachanaatmak sadasya hotey hain joe chhat key vajan koo bhaar wahan karane vaali baahari divaaron taka leey jaate hain. deewaar key baahar seey saamane aaney vaale beam chhor nae maxico mein pueblo vastukala aur spanish aupaniveshik vastukala kii ack paribhaashit visheshta haye aur aksar aadhunik pueblo punruddhar vastukala mein dohraya jaataa haye. aamtaur parr viga koo kewal cumm seey cumm lakadi key kaam key saath chheel curr banaaya jaataa haye. paaramparik imaraton mein, viga "latilla" (laath) kaa samarthan karate hain jinhen crossvise rakhaa jaataa haye aur jiss parr edob kii chhat rakhee jaati haye, aksar brush yaa mitty kii madhyavarti paraton key saath. latilla" katey hue board hoe sakate hain, yaa adhik dehaati imaraton mein, buss chhali hui shaakhaaen hoe sakati hain. yeye nirmaan takneeken paitrik puebloan logon kii hain, aur viga (yaa chhed jahan viga bigad gaye hain) unaki kaee jeevit imaraton mein dikhaai dete hain.
choonki aadhunik pueblo punruddhar shally koo 1920 aur 1930 key dashak mein lokpriya banaaya gayaa thaa, isaliye viga kaa upayog aam taur parr sanrachanaatmak uddeshyon key bajaay sajawati uddeshyon key liye kiya jaataa haye. prasiddh vastukar johnn gaav meem ney apane kaee designs mein sajawati viga koo shamil kiya. saanta phey, nyu maxico mein samkaaleen nirmaan, joe sakht bhawan sanhitaon dwara niyantrit haye, aamtaur parr sajawati viga koo shamil kartaa haye, halanki aavaasiya bhawan sanhita kaa navintam sanshodhan sanrachanaatmak viga key liye shreya detaa haye. purani sanrachanaaen jinka punarnirmaan kiya gayaa haye (udaa.jee. saanta phey mein rajyapalon key mahal mein sanrachanaatmak aur sajawati donon prakaar key viga hoe sakate hain.
rachana.
viga aamtaur parr lagbhag 6 seey 10 inch (15.24 seey 25.4 semi) vyaas key hotey hain aur ausatan 15 feat (4.6 meater) lambe hotey hain aur aamtaur parr aantarik sthaanon mein upayog kiye jaate hain. pinyon (pinus edulis) aur pondrosa pine 17veen shatabdi key dauran viga nirmaan mein upayog kii jaane vaali sabse aam lakadi kii prajaatiyan theen. engelman spruce "lakadi key charitra aur daraar kii kamee key liye" pasandida lakadi haye, lekin ponderosa pine ("pinus ponderosa") kaa adhik upayog kiya jaataa haye. lakadi kii visheshataaen, pedon kii upalabdhata aur parivahan key muddon ney kamare kii gaharaai koo paribhaashit kiya joe jyaadaatar 15 feat (4.6 meater) seey adhik naheen thee. chhoti shaakhaon yaa paudhon kii ack parat jise "latilla" yaa "latias" (laath) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, viga key sheersh koo insulation aur jall vikarshak key liye edob key saath cover karati haye.
haalaanki pragaitihasik kaal mein veega kaa upayog puraane nirmaan seey laker naee imaraton taka kiya jaataa thaa, jaise kii valpi mein, yeh pratha kuchh sthalon key itihas parr nirbhar karati thee. 19veen shatabdi mein, 1880 key dashak mein rail maarg key aagaman aur purvi tata seey pravasiyon key saath viga kii paaramparik shilp kaushal badal gaee. iss kshetra mein nae ayam vaale 2 "x 4" (50 mimi x 100 mimi) lakadi kaa prayog kiya gayaa thaa.
samagri.
aamtaur parr achche tapman key kaaran sardiyon mein veega key liye pedon koo kaataa jaataa thaa. aspas key jangalon mein "mrit aur neeche" pedh viga key liye pasandida srot they. paaramparik vigaaon koo aamtaur parr dhaatu key kulhaadiyon seey lambai mein kaataa jaataa thaa. "latilla" bhee usee samay anya nirmaan samagri key saath ekatra kiye gaye they. parivahan koo aasaan banaane key liye, lakadi kii taiyari aamtaur parr maal key preshan seey pahale kii jaati thee. badey shram dall shamil they, aur bail kii teams dwara pahaadon seey veega leey jaaya jaataa thaa. kuchh nirmaan itihaskaron ney khambhon koo leey jaane key liye viga key tahat "latilla" key upayog kaa ullekh kiya haye.
lakadi kaatna samagri utpaadan kaa ack mahatvapurna pahalu thaa. yadi kataai aavashyakta seey cumm samay mein kii jaati thee, tou builders koo vahee samagri praapt karane key liye ack saal baad taka intezar karna padata thaa, iss prakaar ack samasya kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. inn muddon key kaaran nirmaan mein kuchh sanrachanaatmak aur design nirnay liye gaye, jaise kii prastaavit bhawan key ander doosari divaaron kaa nirmaan taaki chhoti samagri kaa upayog kiya jaa sakey.
badey vyaas key viga koo pahale kaataa jaataa thaa taaki way lambe samay taka sookh sakein yaa thheek hoe sakein. parivahan key liye halke tatvon key roop mein, "latilla" yaa "latia" koo vibhinn prakaar kii lakadi seey kaat diyaa gayaa thaa. inhen phir krambaddh kiya gayaa aur viga seey alag-alag pattern mein rakhaa gayaa aur ack alag rangon mein chitrit kiya gayaa. 1846 key americi aapravaasan ney naee ingland vastukala kii dhaaranaaen laaee. 20veen shatabdi key baad anya nirmaan takneekon key saath-saath naee takneekon ney machine-sunn beam key liye viga key upayog koo pratisthaapit kiya. yeh pratha 1920 aur 1930 key dashak key beach pueblo punruddhar shally vastukala mein jyaadaatar sajawati uddeshyon key liye viga key upayog mein hastakshep naheen karati thee.
sanrachanaatmak sabhaa.
paaramparik viga kaa upayog jyaadaatar imaraton mein sanrachanaatmak uddeshyon key liye kiya jaataa thaa. viga aksar 3 feat (0.91 meater) kii doori parr hotey they, halanki aniyamit yaa asman doori spanish aupaniveshik vastukala kii visheshta thee. vishal chhat nirmaan kaa upayog karane vaali imaaraten badey sansthaagat bhavanon seey laker chhote bhavanon taka bhinn hoti hain. ack kamare key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale veega kii matra alag-alag hoti haye, lekin chhah maanak they. acoma mein kuchh kamaron kii chhat paanch seey nau viga seey chhapi hoti haye. baad kii imaraton mein anya sanrachanaatmak prathaon koo bhee jodaa gayaa, jaise kii edob kii chhat parr sanrachanaatmak bhaar koo sthanantarit karane key liye kshaitij bandhan beam rakhna.
deewaar key baahar kuchh feat key liye viga kaa vistaar ack maanak abhyaas haye. iska upayog "portals" yaa dhake hue porch key nirmaan key liye kiya jaataa thaa. inn sthaanon mein urdhvaadhar padon key saath-saath viga key samarthan key liye ack "umbral" yaa lintel jodaa gayaa thaa. baramade kii chhat kaa upchaar aantarik kamare key samaan thaa, lekin pradaan kii gaee jagah kaa upayog vibhinn uddeshyon key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
achchi jall nikasi kii suvidha key liye aamtaur parr chhat key ack taraf chhote siron key saath veega lagaae jaate they. viga aamtaur parr seedhe edob yaa patthar kii divaaron parr baithate they aur unhein baandh diyaa jaataa thaa. sajawati corble kaa upayog "portalon" aur andaruni hisson mein kiya jaataa thaa.
naee praudyogikiyon, vishesh roop seey pueblo punruddhar vastukala mein, ekikrit kii gaeen. virodhi konon parr poorv-drill kiye gaye chhed key madhyam seey ribar key saath viga koo lunger daalane kaa abhyaas aur lunger key liye parapet kii designing, cumm sapaat chhaton mein viga key liye aadarsh thee. iska upayog chhat key oopar chadhane seey rokane key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
mehrab vaali viga chhat ack anya prakaar kii sanrachanaatmak pranali haye jisamen viga kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisamen donon taraf parapet kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye aur siron parr eaves hotaa haye. chhat koo ander kii or khula chhod diyaa jaataa haye aur "latilla" koo vikarn pattern mein dusaron key samanantar rakhaa jaataa haye.