
prabhaav (manovigyaan)

prabhaav, manovigyaan mein, bhavna, bhavna, lagaav yaa manodasha key antarnihit anubhav koo sandarbhit kartaa haye.
itihas.
19veen shatabdi mein wilheim wundt key saath prabhaav kii aadhunik avadharana vikasit hui. yeh shabd german shabd "gefuhal" seey aaya haye, jiska arth haye "bhavna".
samajik aur manovaigyaanik bhavatmak vareeyataon key adhyayan mein kaee prayog kiye gaye hain (i.ee., joe loga pasand karate hain yaa napsand karate hain). vareeyataon, drishtikon, prabhaav nirmaan aur nirnay lene parr vishisht shodh kiya gayaa haye. yeh shodh pehchaan smriti (puraane-nae nirnay) key saath nishkarshon kaa virodhabhas kartaa haye, jisase shodhkartaon koo donon key beach vishvasaniya antar pradarshit karane kii anumati milati haye. prabhaav-adharit nirnayon aur sangyanatmak prakriyaon kii jaanch nott kiye gaye antaron key saath kii gaee haye, aur kuchh tark dete hain kii prabhaav aur sangyaan alag aur aanshik roop seey swatantra pranaliyon key niyantran mein hain joe ack dusare koo vibhinn tarikon seey prabhaavit curr sakate hain (zazonk, 1980). soochana prasanskaran kii pranaliyon key bheetar prabhaav aur sangyaan donon prabhaavon key swatantra srot hoe sakate hain. anya logon kaa sujhaav haye kii bhavna jeev aur paryaavaran key beach ack pratyaksheekaran lenden key pratyaashit, anubhavi yaa kalpit parinam kaa parinam haye, isaliye sangyanatmak mulyankan prakriyaaen ack bhavna key vikas aur abhivyakti kii kunji hain (laazar, 1982).
ayam.
bhavatmak avasthaaen teen pramukh aayamon key saath bhinn hoti hainh sanyojakta, uttejana aur prerak teevrata. 
yeh dhyaan rakhna mahatvapurna haye kii uttejana prerak teevrata seey alag haye. jabaki uttejana ack aisee rachana haye joe prerak teevrata seey nikatata seey sambandhit haye, way usa prerana mein bhinn hain joe aavashyak roop seey kriya kaa tatparya haye jabaki uttejana naheen haye.
pradarshan koo prabhaavit kartaa haye.
prabhaav kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi prabhaav pradarshan key liye kiya jaataa haye, joe "ack chehare, mukhar, yaa haavbhaav kaa vyavhaar haye joe prabhaav key sanketak key roop mein kaary kartaa haye" (aeye. pee. aeye. 2006).
sangyanatmak daira.
manovigyaan mein, prabhaav uttejanaon key saath jeevon kii antahkriya koo paribhaashit kartaa haye. yeh sangyanatmak prakriyaon key dayare koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye. shuru mein, shodhkartaon ney socha thaa kii sakaratmak prabhaav sangyanatmak dayare koo vyaapak banaata haye, jabaki nakaratmak prabhaav ise sankuchit kartaa haye. isake baad, saakshyon ney sujhaav diyaa kii prerak teevrata mein uchch koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, sangyanatmak dayare koo sankuchit kartaa haye, jabaki prerak teevrata mein cumm koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, ise vyaapak banaata haye. sangyanatmak dayare kaa nirmaan sangyanatmak manovigyaan mein moolyavaan hoe sakata haye.
sahishnuta koo prabhaavit kartaa haye.
manochikitsak jerom saishin dwara likhe gaye prabhaav sahishnuta key baare mein ack shodh lekh key anusaar, "prabhaav sahishnuta koo ack uttejana kaa jawab dene kii kshamata key roop mein paribhaashit kiya jaa sakata haye joe aamtaur parr bhaavanaon key vyaktiparak anubhav seey prabhaavit honey kii ummeed kii jaati haye."anivarya roop seey yeh bhaavanaon aur bhaavanaon parr pratikriya karane kii kshamata koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. joe vyakti prabhaav sahishnuta mein cumm haye, vaha kissy bhee tarah kii bhavna aur bhavna key prati bahut cumm yaa koee pratikriya naheen dikhaayega. yeh alexythemia seey nikatata seey sambandhit haye.
"alexythemia ack upa-naidaanik ghatana haye jisamen bhaavnaatmak jagrukta kii kamee yaa, adhik vishesh roop seey, bhaavanaon kii pehchaan karane aur unakaa varnan karane mein kathinaaee aur bhaavnaatmak uttejana kii shaaririk samvedanaon seey bhaavanaon koo alag karane mein kathinaaee shamil haye", alexythemia ack vyakti key liye yeh pahchaanane mein asamarthata haye kii way kyaa bhaavanaaen mahsoos curr rahey hain-saath hii saath unakaa varnan karane mein asamarthata. dalya samoor aur unake sahyogiyon key anusaar, alexythemia vaale logon kaa aatmahatya kii badhati darr, mansik asuvidha aur mauton key saath sambandh dikhaaya gayaa haye.
chinta samvedansheelta, anishchitata kii asahishnuta aur bhaavnaatmak sankat sahishnuta sahit sahansheelata karakon koo prabhaavit karane mein mindfulness seey madad mill sakati haye. mindfulness kaa arth haye apani bhaavanaon, vichaaron, samvedanaon aur aapke aspas key vatavaran key uttejana key baare mein atyadhik jagrook honey kaa abhyaas-chinta-prerak tareeke seey naheen, balki komal aur sukhad tareeke seey. mindfulness koo vyaktiparak kalyan mein vriddhi, manovaigyaanik lakshnon aur bhaavnaatmak pratikriyashilta mein kamee aur vyavhaar sambandhi viniyaman mein sudhaar key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye."
vyavhaar aur sangyaan key saath sambandh.
bhavatmak kshetra aadhunik manovigyaan mein varnit teen prabhagon mein seey ack kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haih anya dou vyavhaar aur sangyanatmak hain. shaastriya roop seey, inn vibhajanon koo "manovigyaan key aeye. bee. see" key roop mein bhee sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye, halanki, kuchh vichaaron mein, "sangyanatmak" koo bhaavnaatmak kaa ack hissa maanaa jaa sakata haye, yaa sangyanatmak key ack hisse key roop mein "bhavatmak" maanaa jaa sakata haye; yeh dhyaan rakhna mahatvapurna haye kii "sangyanatmak aur bhavatmak sthitiyaan... [hain] kewal vishleshanatmak shreniyaan."
prabhaav key kaaran mein sahaj aur sangyanatmak kaarak.
"prabhaav" kaa arth uttejana key liye ack sahaj pratikriya hoe sakati haye joe ack adhik jatil bhavna key gathan key liye aavashyak maani jaane vaali vishisht sangyanatmak prakriyaon seey pahale hoti haye. robbert bee. zazonk kaa kahana haye kii uttejanaon key prati yeh pratikriya manushyon key liye praathamik haye aur yeh gair-maanav jeevon key liye pramukh pratikriya haye. zazonk kaa sujhaav haye kii bhavatmak pratikriyaaen vyaapak avdhaaranaatmak aur sangyanatmak encoding key binaa hoe sakati hain aur sangyanatmak nirnayon (zazonk, 1980) kii tulanaa mein jaldi aur adhik aatmavishvaas key saath kii jaa sakati hain.
kaee siddhantkar (ee.jee. laazar, 1982) prabhaav koo sangyanatmak key baad kaa maanaa jaataa haih soochana key sangyanatmak prasanskaran kii ack nishchit matra key puuraa honey key baad hii pataa chalata haye. iss drishtikon mein, pasand, napsand, mulyankan, yaa anand yaa aprasannata key anubhav jaisi bhavatmak pratikriyaaen pratyek parinam ack alag poorv sangyanatmak prakriya seey hoti hain joe vibhinn prakaar key vishay-vastu bhedbhaav karati haye aur visheshtaon kii pehchaan karati haye, moolya khojane key liye unaki jaanch karati haye, aur unake yogdan key anusaar unakaa vajan karati haye (brevin, 1989). kuchh vidwan (udaa.jee. learner aur keltner 2000) kaa tark haye kii prabhaav poorv aur uttar-sangyanatmak donon hoe sakata haih praarambhik bhaavnaatmak pratikriyaen vichaaron kaa utpaadan karati hain, joe prabhaav paida karati hain. ack aur punaravritti mein, kuchh vidvaanon kaa tark haye kii sangyaan key adhik tarksangat tarikon koo saksham karane key liye prabhaav aavashyak haye (ee.jee. 1994).
bhavna key ack sankeern sudridhikaran model seey ack vichalan anya drishtikonon koo iss baare mein anumati detaa haye kii bhaavnaatmak vikas koo kaise prabhaavit kartaa haye. iss prakaar, swabhaav, sangyanatmak vikas, samajikkaran key pattern aur kissy key parivaar yaa upasanskriti kii vishishtataaen gair-raikhik tarikon seey paraspar kriya curr sakati hain. udaaharan key liye, ack atyadhik pratikriyaasheel/cumm aatm-sukhdaayak shishu kaa swabhaav jeevan key shuruati maheenon mein bhavna viniyaman kii prakriya koo "asman roop seey" prabhaavit curr sakata haye (griffith, 1997).
kuchh anya samajik vigyaanon, jaise bhugol yaa maanav vigyaan, ney pichhale dashak key dauran prabhaav kii avadharana koo apanaaya haye. francisi manovishleshan mein prabhaav key kshetra mein ack pramukh yogdan andrey green seey aataa haye. prabhaav parr dhyaan kendrit karna kaafee hudd taka delues key kaam seey praapt huaa haye aur bhoo-rajneeti, shahari jeevan aur bhautik sanskriti jaise paaramparik pravachanon mein bhaavnaatmak aur aantarik chintaon koo laaya haye. prabhaav ney samajik vigyaan kii vidhiyon koo bhee chunauti dee haye, jisamen ack hataae gaye vastunishthata key vichaar parr shaaririk shakti parr jore diyaa gayaa haye aur isaliye samkaaleen gair-pratinidhitva siddhant key saath iska majboot sambandh haye.
manomitik maap.
vibhinn sanskritiyon mein sakaratmak aur nakaratmak donon aayamon koo shamil karate hue prabhaav paaya gayaa haye. vidvatapurna shodh mein sabse adhik upayog kiya jaane vaalaa upaay sakaratmak aur nakaratmak prabhaav anusuchi (panas) haye. panas ack shaabdik upaay haye joe ack uttari americi parivesh mein vikasit kiya gayaa haye aur isamen 20 ekal-shabd itum shamil hain, udaaharan key liye "uttejit", "satark", "sakaratmak prabhaav key liye nirdhaarit", aur "pareshan", "doshi", aur nakaratmak prabhaav key liye "ghabarahat". haalaanki, kuchh panas itum yaa tou anaavashyak paae gaye hain yaa gair-uttari americi sanskritiyon seey angreji bolane vaalon key liye aspasht arth hain. parinamswarup, ack antarrashtriya star parr vishvasaniya laghu-roop, aaee-panas-aiss. aff., vikasit kiya gayaa haye aur aantarik vishvasaniyata, cross-sample aur cross-saanskritik kaarak abhedyata, asthaayi sthirata, abhisari aur mandand seey sambandhit vaidhataon key saath dou 5-itum taraju koo shamil kiya gayaa haye.
sakaratmak aur nakaratmak prabhaav koo maapane key liye mroczek aur kolarz ney bhee taraju kaa ack aur sett vikasit kiya haye. pratyek taraju mein 6 vastuein hain. taraju ney sanskritiyon mein sweekarya vaidhata aur vishvasaniyata key pramaan dikhaae hain.
achetan prabhaav aur dhaarana.
dhaarana key sambandh mein, ack prakaar kaa gair-sachet prabhaav paryavaraniya uttejanaon key sangyanatmak prasanskaran seey alag hoe sakata haye. dhaarana, prabhaav aur sangyaan kii ack ekatmakta, bhaavanaon aur bhedbhaav key samvedan aur prasanskaran key bheetar uttejana, dhyaan pravrittiyon, bhavatmak pradhaantaa (zazonk, 1980), vikaasvaadi baadhaon (shapered, 1984; 1994), aur gupt dhaarana (weascrantz, 1997) kii bhoomikaon parr vichaar karati haye. bhaavanaaen kuchh uttejanaon dwara utpann ghatnaaon kii jatil shrinkhalaaen hain. kewal kuchh ghatakon koo jaanane seey bhavna kaa poori tarah seey varnan karane kaa koee tarika naheen haye. bhaavanaon kii maukhik report aksar galat hoti hain kyonki logon koo pataa naheen hotaa haye kii way kyaa mahsoos karate hain, yaa way ack hii samay mein kaee alag-alag bhaavanaon koo mahsoos curr sakate hain. aisee paristhitiyaan bhee utpann hoti hain jinamen vyakti apani bhaavanaon koo chhipaane kaa prayaas karate hain, aur kuchh aise bhee hain joe maanate hain kii saarvajanik aur niji ghatanaaen shayed hii kabhi bilkul mell khaati hain, aur bhaavanaon key liye shabd aam taur parr vastuon yaa ghatnaaon key liye shabdon kii tulanaa mein adhik aspasht hotey hain. isaliye, gair-sachet bhaavanaon koo aatm-report koo darkinar karane vaale upaayon dwara maapa jaanaa chaahiye jaise kii antarnihit sakaratmak aur nakaratmak prabhaav pareekshan (ipanat; vichitra, aur kuhal, 2009).
doosari or, bhavatmak pratikriyaaen adhik buniyaadi hoti hain aur mulyankan key mamle mein cumm samasyagrast hoe sakati hain. brevin ney dou anubhavaatmak prakriyaon kaa prastaav rakhaa haye joe vibhinn bhavatmak anubhavon key beach gair-sangyanatmak sambandhon koo taiyar karati hainh way joe poorv-taarit swabhaav hain (i.ee. gair-sachet prakriyaaen), "kull uttejana sarani seey una uttejanaon kaa chayan karane mein saksham hain joe kaaran seey praasangik hain, smriti mein sangraheet detta key sambandh mein avdhaaranaatmak pramukhta, spatiotemporal sanketon aur bhavishyasoochak moolya jaise maandandon kaa upayog karate hue" (brevin, 1989, pee. 381), aur joe swachaalit hain (i.ee. avachetan prakriyaaen), "teji seey, apekshaakrit lachili aur sanshodhit karna mushkil" key roop mein visheshta haye... (aavashyakta) nyuntam dhyaan denaa aur... (honey mein saksham) iraade yaa jagrukta key binaa sakriya "(1989 pee. 381).
lekin ack nott koo prabhaav aur bhavna key beach key antar parr vichaar kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
uttejana.
uttejana uttejana kii prastuti key liye ack buniyaadi shaaririk pratikriya haye. jaba aisaa hotaa haye, tou ack gair-sachet bhavatmak prakriya dou niyantran tantron kaa roop letee haih ack jutana aur doosara sthir karna. maanav mastishk key bheetar, amigdala iss uttejana prakriya koo shuru karane vaali ack sahaj pratikriya koo niyantrit kartaa haye, yaa tou vyakti koo jamaata haye yaa gatishilata koo tej kartaa haye.
uttejanapurna pratikriya koo bhojan kii talash karane vaale vyavhaar koo niyantrit karane vaali puraskar pranaliyon parr kendrit adhyayanon mein darshaaya gayaa haye (ballen, 2005). shodhkartaon ney seekhane kii prakriyaon aur modulatory prakriyaon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye joe lakshya moolyon koo encoding aur punarpraapt karate samay maujood hain. jaba koee jeev bhojan kii talash kartaa haye, tou paryavaraniya ghatnaaon key aadhar parr puraskar kii pratyasha bhojan kii maang parr ack aur prabhaav bunn jaati haye joe bhojan key puraskar seey alag haye. isaliye, puraskar arjit karna aur puraskar kaa anuman lagaana alag-alag prakriyaaen hain aur donon hii puraskar seey sambandhit sanketon kaa ack uttejak prabhaav paida karate hain. donon prakriyaaen amigdala key star parr alag hoe jaati hain, aur karyatmak roop seey badey tantrika tantra key bheetar ekikrit hoti hain.
prerak teevrata aur sangyanatmak daira.
sangyanatmak dayare koo maapana.
sangyanatmak dayare koo dhyaan, dhaarana, vargeekaran aur smriti seey judey karyon dwara maapa jaa sakata haye. kuchh adhyayan yeh pataa lagaane key liye ack paarshv dhyaan kaary kaa upayog karate hain kii kyaa sangyanatmak daira vyaapak haye yaa sankeern haye. udaaharan key liye, "aich" aur "aine" aksharon kaa upayog karate hue pratibhagiyon koo 5 key beach key akshar koo jitani jaldi hoe sakey pahchaanane kii aavashyakta haye jaba sabhi akshar samaan houn (ee.jee. "hhah") aur jaba beach kaa akshar paarshv aksharon seey alag hotaa haye (ee.jee. "hanhh"). vyaapak sangyanatmak dayare kaa sanket diyaa jaayega yadi pratikriya kaa samay taba seey bahut alag hotaa haye jaba sabhi akshar samaan hotey hain jabaki madhya akshar alag hotaa haye. anya adhyayan sangyanatmak dayare mein antar koo maapane key liye ack naabhi dhyaan kaary kaa upayog karate hain. ack badaa akshar chhote aksharon seey banaa hotaa haye, jyaadaatar mamalon mein chhote "l" yaa "f" joe akshar "t" yaa "h" yaa isake vipareet aakar banaate hain. vyaapak sangyanatmak dayare kaa sujhaav badey akshar koo naam dene key liye ack tej pratikriya dwara diyaa jaayega, jabaki sankeern sangyanatmak dayare kaa sujhaav badey akshar key bheetar chhote aksharon koo naam dene key liye ack tej pratikriya dwara diyaa jaayega. ack srot-nigrani pratimaan kaa upayog yeh maapane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye kii kitni praasangik jaankaari dekhi jaati haih udaaharan key liye, pratibhagiyon koo ack screen dekhane kaa kaam saunpa jaataa haye joe pratyek koo 3 sekand key liye yaad rakhane key liye shabdon koo kramik roop seey pradarshit kartaa haye, aur yeh bhee yaad rakhna hotaa haye kii kyaa shabd screen key baaen yaa daaen aadhe hisse mein dikhaai diyaa thaa. shabd bhee ack rangeen dibbe mein dhake hue they, lekin pratibhagiyon koo yeh naheen pataa thaa kii antatah unase poochha jaayega kii shabd kiss rung key dibbe mein dikhaai diyaa.
mukhya shodh nishkarsh.
prerana kii teevrata kissy vishesh uttejana kii or yaa usase door jaane key aagrah kii taakat koo sandarbhit karati haye.
film clip key madhyam seey prerit krodh aur bhaya bhavatmak avasthaon key parinamswarup, niyantran kii tulanaa mein ack paarshv kaary parr adhik chayanaatmak dhyaan diyaa gayaa, jaisa kii pratikriya key samay seey sanket diyaa gayaa haye joe bahut alag naheen they, taba bhee jaba paarshv akshar madhya lakshya patra seey alag they. krodh aur bhaya donon mein uchch prerak teevrata hoti haye kyonki ack krodhit yaa bhayabheet uttejana key saamane kaary karane key liye pranodan uchch hoga, jaise kii ack chillaane vaale vyakti yaa kundalit saamp. prabhaav joe prerak teevrata mein uchch hain, aur iss prakaar sangyanatmak dayare mein sankeern hain, logon koo lakshit jaankaari parr adhik dhyaan kendrit karane mein saksham banaate hain. ack dukhad tasveer dekhane key baad, pratibhagiyon ney ack naabhi dhyaan kaary mein badey akshar kii pehchaan karane key liye teji seey they, joe adhik vaishvik yaa vyaapak sangyanatmak dayare kaa sujhaav dete they. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii udasi kii prerak teevrata kabhi-kabhi cumm hoti haye. lekin, ack ghrinit tasveer dekhane key baad, pratibhagiyon ney ghatak aksharon kii pehchaan karane mein teji laaee, joe ack sthaaniya aur sankeern sangyanatmak dayare kaa sanket haye. ghrina kii uchch prerak teevrata hoti haye. prabhaav joe prerak teevrata mein uchch hotey hain, kissy key sangyanatmak dayare koo sankeern karate hain, logon koo kendriya jaankaari parr adhik dhyaan kendrit karane mein saksham banaate hain, jabaki prabhaavit karate hain joe prerak teevrata mein cumm hotey hain, sangyanatmak dayare koo vyaapak banaate hain, jisase teji seey vaishvik vyakhya kii anumati milati haye. vibhinn bhavatmak avasthaon seey judey sangyanatmak dayare mein parivartan vikaasvaadi roop seey anukuli hotey hain kyonki uchch prerak teevrata uttejanaon dwara utpann hoti haye, jisake liye andolan kii aavashyakta hoti haye aur kaarravaai parr dhyaan kendrit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, ack ghatana mein jise lakshya-nirdeshit vyavhaar key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, shuruati samay mein, ack shher (ack daravana uttejana) koo dekhane seey shayed ack nakaratmak lekin atyadhik prerak bhavatmak sthiti (bhaya) utpann hui jisamen manushya koo bhaagne key liye prerit kiya gayaa thaa. iss mamle mein lakshya maare jaane seey bachana hoga.
kewal nakaratmak bhavatmak avasthaon seey parey badhate hue, shodhkarta yeh pareekshan karna chaahte they kii kyaa nakaratmak yaa sakaratmak bhavatmak avasthaaen uchch aur nimn prerak teevrata key beach bhinn hoti hain yaa naheen. iss siddhant kaa mulyankan karane key liye, samanjasya-johns, gable aur moolya ney bhookh vaali tasveer priming aur naabhi kaary kaa upayog karke ack prayog banaaya, joe unhein naabhi aksharon kaa pataa lagaane key saath dhyaan key dayare koo maapane kii anumati dega. naabhi kaary mein ack tatasth prabhaav tulanaa sthiti shamil thee. aam taur parr, tatasth avasthaaen ack tatasth uttejana key saath vyaapak dhyaan kaa kaaran banati hain. unhone bhavishyavani kii kii ack vyaapak dhyaan kaa daira vaishvik (badey) aksharon kaa teji seey pataa lagaane kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, jabaki ack sankeern dhyaan kaa daira sthaaniya (chhote) aksharon kaa teji seey pataa lagaane kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. sakshya ney saabit kiya kii bhookh kii uttejanaon ney ack sankeern dhyaan kaa daira paida kiya. prayogkartaon ney pratibhagiyon koo yeh kahakar bhookh kii uttejanaon mein sankeern dhyaan key dayare koo aur badhaa diyaa kii unhein chitron mein dikhaai gaee mithaaiyon kaa sevan karane kii anumati dee jaayegi. parinamon seey pataa chalaa kii unaki parikalpana sahee thee, jisamen vyaapak dhyaan dene key dayare ney vaishvik aksharon kaa teji seey pataa lagaaya, jabaki dhyaan dene key dayare koo cumm karane seey sthaaniya aksharon kaa teji seey pataa chalaa.
shodhkarta bradley, kodispot, coothbert aur laing chitra priming mein bhaavnaatmak pratikriyaon kii aage jaanch karna chaahte they. ack bhookh uttejak kaa upayog karane key bajaay unhone antarrashtriya bhavatmak chitra pranali (aaee. aeye. pee. aiss.) seey uttejana sett kaa upayog kiya. chhavi sett mein vibhinn apriya chitra jaise saamp, keede, hamale key drishya, durghatanaaen, bimari aur nuksan shamil hain. unhone bhavishyavani kii kii ack apriya tasveer ack rakshaatmak prerak teevrata pratikriya koo uttejit karegi, joe twacha granthi pratikriyaon aur hriday mandata jaise majboot bhaavnaatmak uttejana kaa utpaadan karegi. pratibhagiyon ney swa-mulyankan manikin (saim) rating paimaane parr sanyojakta, uttejana aur prabhutva key aadhar parr chitron kaa mulyankan kiya. nishkarsh parikalpana key anuroop they aur yeh saabit kiya kii bhavna koo bhookh yaa rakshaatmak pranaliyon mein sakriyan kii teevrata dwara prerak roop seey sangathit kiya jaataa haye.
2013 mein shodh seey pahale, harmon-johns aur gable ney yeh jaanchne key liye ack prayog kiya kii kyaa drishtikon-prerana teevrata (baaen frontal-central gatividhi) seey sambandhit tantrika sakriyan sankeern dhyaan parr bhookh uttejana key prabhaav koo trigger karega. unhone yeh bhee pareekshan kiya kii kyaa drishtikon prerana mein vyaktigat bhinnataaen dhyaan sankuchit karane seey judee hain. parikalpana kaa pareekshan karane key liye, shodhkartaon ney ack hii naabhi kaary kaa upayog bhookh aur tatasth chitron key saath kiya, saath hii pratibhagiyon koo yeh bhee soochit kiya kii unhone minaton mein aakhiri baar kitna samay khaaya thaa. tantrika sakriyan kii jaanch karane key liye, shodhkartaon ney electroencephalography kaa upayog kiya aur drishtikon prerana key dauran mastishk key kinn kshetron kaa upayog kiya jaa rhaa thaa, iska pataa lagaane key liye aankho kii gatividhiyon koo darj kiya. parinam iss parikalpana kaa samarthan karate hain kii baaen frontal-central mastishk kshetra drishtikon-prerak prakriyaon aur sankeern dhyaan key dayare seey sambandhit haye. kuchh manovaigyaanik iss baat seey chintit they kii joe vyakti bhookhe they, unaki hatasha key kaaran baaen frontal-central kshetra mein gatividhi mein vriddhi hui thee. yeh kathan galat saabit huaa kyonki shodh seey pataa chalaa kii mithaai kii tasveeron seey bhookhe vyaktiyon mein bhee sakaratmak prabhaav padaa. nishkarshon seey pataa chalaa kii sankeern sangyanatmak dayare mein lakshya praapti mein hamari sahaayata karane kii kshamata haye.
naidaanik anuprayog.
baad mein, shodhkartaon ney naidaanik anuprayogon key liye prerak teevrata koo jodaa aur paaya kii sharaab seey sambandhit chitra una vyaktiyon key liye sankeern dhyaan kaa kaaran baney, jinake paas sharaab kaa sevan karane kii majboot prerana thee. shodhkartaon ney pratibhagiyon koo sharaab aur tatasth chitron key sampark mein laakar unakaa pareekshan kiya. ack screen parr chitra pradarshit honey key baad, pratibhagiyon ney dhyaan kendrit karane kaa mulyankan karate hue ack pareekshan samaapt kiya. nishkarshon ney saabit kiya kii sharaab seey sambandhit tasveeron key sampark mein aaney seey una vyaktiyon parr dhyaan kendrit karane mein kamee aaee joe sharaab kaa upayog karane key liye prerit they. haalaanki, tatasth chitron key sampark mein aaney seey dhyaan kendrit karane mein herfer karane key liye sharaab seey sambandhit prerana kaa sambandh naheen thaa. alcohol myopia siddhant (amt) bataata haye kii alcohol kaa sevan smriti mein upalabdh jaankaari kii matra koo cumm curr detaa haye, joe dhyaan koo bhee sankuchit curr detaa haye isaliye kewal sabse nikatvarti vastuen yaa hadataali srot dhyaan key dayare mein aatey hain. yeh sankeern dhyaan nashe mein dhut vyaktiyon koo shaant honey parr adhik charam nirnay lene key liye prerit kartaa haye. shodhkartaon ney saboot pradaan kiye kii padaarth seey sambandhit uttejanaaen vyaktiyon kaa dhyaan taba aakarshit karati hain jaba unake paas padaarth kaa sevan karane key liye uchch aur teevra prerana hoti haye. sharaab kaa sevan karane key logon key praarambhik nirnay koo aakar dene mein prerak teevrata aur dhyaan key sanket-prerit sankirnata kii ack anoothi bhoomika haye. 2013 mein, misauri vishvavidyalaya key manovaigyanikon ney khel upalabdhi abhivinyas aur sharaab key parinamon key beach sambandh kii jaanch kii. unhone vishvavidyalaya key khilaadiyon seey ack khel abhivinyas prashnavali koo puuraa karane key liye kahaa joe unake khel seey sambandhit upalabdhi abhivinyas koo teen taraju-pratispardha, jeet abhivinyas aur lakshya abhivinyas parr maapa jaataa haye. pratibhagiyon ney sharaab key upayog aur sharaab seey sambandhit samasyaon kaa aaklan bhee puuraa kiya. parinamon seey pataa chalaa kii khilaadiyon kaa lakshya abhivinyas sharaab key upayog seey kaafee judaa huaa thaa, lekin sharaab seey sambandhit samasyaon seey naheen.
manovikrit prabhaavon aur anuprayogon key sandarbh mein, avasaadgrastata key lakshan dikhaane vaale college key chhaatr ack srot nigrani pratimaan kaary seey "aprasangik" praasangik jaankaari praapt karane mein behtar they. arthaat, avasaadgrastata key lakshnon vaale chhaatr, avasaadgrast chhatron kii tulanaa mein shabd key boxes key rung kii pehchaan karane mein behtar they. udasi (cumm prerak teevrata) aamtaur parr avasaad seey judee hoti haye, isaliye udas chhatron kii praasangik jaankaari parr adhik vyaapak dhyaan kendrit karane seey yeh samarthan milata haye kii yeh prerak teevrata mein uchch koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, jabaki prerak teevrata mein cumm koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, sangyanatmak dayare koo vyaapak banaata haye.
prerak teevrata siddhant bataata haye kii kissy kaary kii kathinaaee aur safalata key mahatva key saath milkar kissy vyakti dwara nivesh kii gaee oorjaa kaa nirdhaaran hotaa haye. iss siddhant kii teen mukhya paraten hain. sabse bheetari parat kahati haye kii maanav vyavhaar adhik seey adhik oorjaa sanrakshan kii ichcha seey nirdeshit hotaa haye. vyaktiyon kaa lakshya oorjaa barbad karane seey bachana haye taaki way kewal usa oorjaa kaa nivesh karein joe kaary koo puuraa karane key liye aavashyak haye. madhya parat safalata key mahatva key saath karyon kii kathinaaee parr dhyaan kendrit karati haye aur yeh oorjaa sanrakshan koo kaise prabhaavit karati haye. yeh spasht aur aspasht kaary kathinaaee kii sthitiyon mein oorjaa nivesh parr kendrit haye. antim parat ack vyakti dwara niveshit oorjaa key liye bhavishyavaniyon koo dekhti haye jaba unake paas vibhinn kaary kathinaaiyon parr chunane key liye kaee sambhaavit vikalp hotey hain. vyakti kaary kathinaaee key kaee sambhaavit vikalpon mein seey chunane key liye swatantra haye. prerak teevrata siddhant anusandhaan key liye ack taarkik aur susangat dhancha pradaan kartaa haye. shodhkarta yeh maanate hue kissy vyakti key karyon kaa anuman lagaa sakate hain kii prayaas oorjaa nivesh koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. prerak teevrata siddhant kaa upayog yeh dikhaane key liye kiya jaataa haye kii lakshya aakarshan aur oorjaa nivesh mein parivartan kaise paraspar sambandhit hain.
manodasha.
bhavna kii tarah manodasha bhee ack bhavatmak sthiti haye. haalaanki, ack bhavna kaa ack spasht dhyaan hotaa haye (i.ee.iska kaaran swayam spasht haye), jabaki manodasha adhik kendrit aur failati haye. batton, shau aur olession (1992) key anusaar, manodasha mein swar aur teevrata aur bhavishya mein anand yaa dard key anubhav, yaa bhavishya mein sakaratmak yaa nakaratmak prabhaav kii samanya apekshaon key baare mein maanyataon kaa ack sanrachit samooh shamil haye. tatkaal pratikriyaon key vipareet joe prabhaavit yaa bhavna paida karati hain, aur joe bhavishya key anand yaa dard kii apekshaon key saath badalati hain, manodasha, failati aur dhyaan kendrit naheen karati haye aur iss prakaar iska saamana karna kathin hotaa haye, dinon, hafton, maheenon yaa varshon taka bhee chala sakata haye (schuckman, 1975). manodashaaen ack vyakti kii bhaavnaatmak sthiti koo darshaane vaali kaalpanik sanrachanaaen hain. shodhkarta aamtaur parr vibhinn prakaar key vyavhaar sambandhi sandarbhon (bleachman, 1990) seey manodasha key astitva kaa anuman lagaate hain. aadat kaa nakaratmak prabhaav aur nakaratmak manodasha uchch tantrika-vikaar kii visheshta haye.
sakaratmak prabhaav aur nakaratmak prabhaav (paan) samanya aabaadi mein bhavna key swatantra kshetron kaa pratinidhitva karate hain, aur sakaratmak prabhaav samajik baatchit seey dridhata seey judaa huaa haye. sakaratmak aur nakaratmak dainik ghatanaaen vyaktiparak kalyan key liye swatantra sambandhon koo darshaati hain, aur sakaratmak prabhaav samajik gatividhi seey dridhata seey judaa huaa haye. haal key shodh seey pataa chalata haye kii uchch karyatmak samarthan sakaratmak prabhaav key uchch star seey sambandhit haye. uttejana aur safed shore parr nakaratmak prabhaav parr apane kaam mein, seeder ney anya jaatiya mool key vaktaaon key avamoolyan key sambandh mein ack nakaratmak prabhaav uttejana tantra key astitva key liye samarthan paaya. sahee prakriya jisake madhyam seey samajik samarthan sakaratmak prabhaav seey judaa huaa haye, spasht naheen haye. yeh prakriya purvanumeya, niyamit samajik baatchit, avkash gatividhiyon seey praapt hoe sakati haye jahaan dhyaan vishram aur sakaratmak manodasha parr kendrit hotaa haye, yaa saajha gatividhiyon key anand seey praapt hoe sakati haye. nakaratmak manodasha koo sakaratmak manodasha mein badalane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali takneekon koo manodasha marammat ranneetiyaan kahaa jaataa haye.
samajik sampark.
prabhaav pradarshan parasparik sanchaar kaa ack mahatvapurna pahalu haye. vikaasvaadi manovaigyanikon ney iss parikalpana koo aage badhaaya haye kii hominid padhane kii parishkrit kshamata key saath vikasit hue hain.
bhaavanaon koo gatishil prakriyaon key roop mein chitrit kiya jaataa haye joe lagaatar badalate samajik vatavaran key saath vyakti key sambandh koo madhyasthata karati hain. dusare shabdon mein, bhaavanaon koo vyakti key liye mahatvapurna mamalon parr jeev aur paryaavaran key beach sambandh sthaapit karane, banaae rakhane yaa baadhit karane kii prakriya maanaa jaataa haye.
adhikansh samajik aur manovaigyaanik ghatanaaen samay key saath kaee vyaktiyon key beach baar-baar baatchit key parinamswarup hoti hain. inn antahkriyaon koo ack bahu-abhikarta pranali key roop mein dekhaa jaanaa chaahiye-ack aisee pranali jisamen kaee abhikarta ack dusare key saath aur/yaa samay key saath unake vatavaran key saath baatchit karate hain. vyaktigat agents key vyavhaar key parinam paraspar nirbhar hainh pratyek agent kii apane lakshyon koo praapt karane kii kshamata naa kewal iss baat parr nirbhar karati haye kii vaha kyaa kartaa haye, balki anya agent kyaa karate hain.
bhaavanaaen paraspar kriya key mukhya sroton mein seey ack hain. ack vyakti kii bhaavanaaen dusaron kii bhaavanaon, vichaaron aur vyavhaaron koo prabhaavit karati hain; dusaron kii pratikriyaaen taba mool bhavna koo vyakt karane vaale vyakti key saath unaki bhavishya kii baatchit koo prabhaavit curr sakati hain, saath hii saath usa vyakti kii bhavishya kii bhaavanaon aur vyavhaaron koo bhee. bhavna aise chakron mein kaam karati haye joe parasparik prabhaav kii prakriya mein kaee logon koo shamil curr sakate hain.
chehare key bhaavon, haath key haav-bhaavon, mudra, aavaaj kii visheshtaon aur anya shaaririk abhivyaktiyon key madhyam seey dusaron koo prabhaavit, bhavna yaa bhavna pradarshit kii jaati haye. yeye prabhaav pradarshan sanskritiyon key beach aur unake bheetar bhinn hotey hain aur chehare key bhaavon key sabse asatat seey laker sabse naatakiya aur vipul ishaaron taka vibhinn roopon mein pradarshit hotey hain.
paryavekshak agents kii bhaavanaon key prati samvedansheel hotey hain, aur inn bhaavanaon koo vyakt karane vaale sandeshon koo pahchaanane mein saksham hotey hain. way ack agent kii bhaavanaon parr pratikriya karate hain aur nishkarsh nikaalate hain. ack agent dwara pradarshit bhavna usaki vaastavik sthiti kaa pramanik pratibimb naheen hoe sakata haye (bhaavnaatmak shram bhee dekhein).
agents kii bhaavanaon kaa chaar vyaapak karakon parr prabhaav parh sakata haih
bhavna naa kewal usa vyakti koo prabhaavit curr sakati haye jiss parr ise nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa, balki teesare paksh koo bhee prabhaavit curr sakata haye joe ack agent kii bhavna kaa nireekshan karate hain. isake alawa, bhaavanaaen ack samooh yaa ack dall jaisi badee samajik sansthaon koo prabhaavit curr sakati hain. bhaavanaaen ack prakaar kaa sandesh hain aur isaliye dusaron kii bhaavanaon, visheshtaon aur agami vyavhaaron koo prabhaavit curr sakati hain, sambhaavit roop seey mool agent key liye ack pratikriya prakriya koo prerit curr sakati hain.
agents kii bhaavanaaen dou sujhaae gaye alag-alag tantron dwara dusaron mein bhaavanaon koo jagaati hainh
loga naa kewal bhaavnaatmak roop seey pratikriya curr sakate hain, balki bhaavnaatmak agents key baare mein bhee nishkarsh nikaal sakate hain jaise kii ack bhaavnaatmak agent kii samajik sthiti yaa shakti, usaki kshamata aur usaki vishvasaniyata. udaaharan key liye, ack agent koo krodhit honey kaa anuman lagaaya jaa sakata haye, jisake paas uchch shakti hoe sakati haye.

