shaitan kaa dweep

keyen kii dandaatmak coloney (fraansisih "baigane dee keyen"), jise aamtaur parr devils eyeland ("İle Du Diables") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack francisi dandaatmak coloney thee joe 1852 seey 1952 taka 100 varshon taka sanchaalit thee, aur aadhikarik taur parr 1953 mein french guyana key moksh dweepon mein bund hoe gaee thee.
1852 mein khola gayaa, shaitan kii dweep pranali koo sent-laurent-doo-maroni kii jail seey doshiyon koo praapt huaa, jinhen dusare francisi samrajya key sabhi hisson seey nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh karmchaariyon dwara bandiyon key saath kathor vyavhaar aur ushnakatibandhiya jalavaayu aur beemariyon key liye kukhyaat thaa, joe uchch mrityu darr mein yogdan dete they. jail pranali mein sabse kharaab sthiti mein 75 pratishat kii mrityu darr thee, aur antatah 1953 mein ise bund curr diyaa gayaa.
devils dweep francisi raajneetik kaidiyon key nirvaasan key liye upayog kiye jaane key liye bhee kukhyaat thaa, jisamen sabse prasiddh kaptan alfred dreyfus thaa, jiss parr germany key liye jasusi karane kaa aarop thaa. dreyfus kaa mamla 19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein france mein kaee varshon taka chalaa ack ghotala thaa, jisase francisi senaa mein yahudi-virodhi aur bhrashtachar ujagar huaa.
sangathan.
jail pranali mukhya bhoomi aur tatvarti moksh dweepon donon mein kaee sthaanon koo shamil karati haye. iley royal dandaatmak coloney kii samanya aabaadi key liye swaagat kendra thaa; dweep seey bachane kii kathinaaee key kaaran unhein madhyam swatantrata mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. sant-joseph dweep "ekantwas" thaa, jahan kaidiyon koo shaanti aur andhere mein ekant karawas dwara dandit karane key liye bheja jaataa thaa, dandaatmak coloney mein bhaagne key prayaas yaa kiye gaye apraadhon key liye. shaitan kaa dweep raajneetik kaidiyon key liye thaa. 19veen shatabdi mein sabse prasiddh aisaa kaidi kaptan alfred dreyfus thaa.
saloot dweep samooh key teen dweepon mein seey pratyek parr jailon key alawa, francisi ney dakshin americi mukhya bhoomi parr teen sambandhit jail suvidhaon kaa nirmaan kiyaah kauro mein jaldamroomadhya key paar, poorv mein kayen (joe baad mein french guyana kii rajdhani bunn gaee), aur sent. laurent, paschim mein.
praarambhik dund pranali.
17veen aur 18veen shatabdi mein apraadhon key doshi kaidiyon koo francisi bhoomadhyasagariya gally bede mein naavikon key roop mein seva karane kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. kathor paristhitiyon koo dekhate hue, yeh lagbhag ack maut kii sajaa thee. 1666 mein bhoomadhyasagariya gally bede key sevamukt honey key baad, francisi ney adhikansh kaidiyon koo jode mein hirasat mein leey liya, jinhen francisi bandargaahon mein jaali hulks ("bags") parr janjeeron mein rakhaa gayaa, jaba taka kii bags sadey aur doob naheen gaye. kaidiyon koo buggle key puntoon mein rahane key liye sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. kaidi bhojan, bistar aur kapadon key liye daan yaa apane parivaaron parr nirbhar they. unhein dinn mein 12 ghante bandargaahon mein kaam karna padata thaa, jisase way 100% kamaate they, joe way bhojan aur sharaab parr kharch curr sakate they. anya kaidiyon koo tata parr jailon mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin kathit taur parr paristhitiyaan itani kharaab theen kii kaee kaidiyon koo hulks mein sthanantarit karane kii bheekh maangani padati thee.
19veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka, francisi shahari aabaadi 60 laakh seey cumm seey badhkar 16 million seey adhik hoe gaee thee, aur aparaadh ney gati banaae rakhee thee. 1832 mein kaidiyon key liye raajya kii buniyaadi aavashyaktaon key praavdhaan koo anivarya karane vaalaa kaanoon paarit kiya gayaa thaa. jail sudhaar ney kadee mehnat key madhyam seey shaaririk sajaa parr pichhali nirbharta koo sajaa aur pratirodh key lakshya key saath karawas mein badal diyaa. karawas koo samaaj seey apraadhiyon koo hataane kaa ack tarika maanaa jaataa thaa. 75 pratishat taka kii punaravritti ack badee samasya bunn gaee thee; riha curr diye gaye aur berojgar kaidi jeene kaa raasta khojane key liye shaharon mein pravesh curr gaye.
1840 key dashak mein, raajya ney kaidiyon koo praapt karane key liye ack sthaan key roop mein aantarik krishi dandaatmak coloniyon kii sthaapana kii, jisase unhein shahari vatavaran seey hataa diyaa gayaa aur unhein kaam diyaa gayaa. kaidiyon koo aamtaur parr "double" key tahat sajaa sunai jaati thee, jisake dwara unaki sajaa poori honey parr, unhein apani mool sajaa key barabar atirikt avadhi key liye dund coloney mein karmchaariyon key roop mein kaam karane kii aavashyakta hoti thee.
francisi nausena, jise jail key hulks kaa prabandhan karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa, ney hulks kii raksha karane kii laagat aur shipyard key kaam mein unake kaaran hue vyavadhaan key baare mein dridhata seey shikayat kii. 1851 mein apane takhtapalat key baad, samrat napolean III ney adesh diyaa kii hulks koo sthaayi roop seey bund curr diyaa jaae aur nagrik kaanoon key doshiyon koo videshon mein upaniveshon mein sthanantarit curr diyaa jaae. doshiyon koo kahaan bheja jaayega, iss parr bahas lambe samay taka chully. algeria koo nausena dwara khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki yeh francisi senaa dwara niyantrit thaa; sanyukt raajya mein haiti, cuba, dominican ganarajya aur texas parr vichaar kiya gayaa thaa, lekin sarkaar ney antatah french guyana kii apani coloney chuni.
1604 key baad seey france baar-baar french guyana kaa upanivesh banaane mein whiffle rhaa thaa. upanivesh kaa antim prayaas 1763 mein kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan bheje gaye 12,000 upaniveshvadiyon mein seey lagbhag 75 pratishat kii mrityu unake pahale varsh mein hui thee, aksar ushnakatibandhiya beemariyon seey. 1850 key dashak taka, jeevit bache logon kii ghatati sankhya vilupt honey key kagaar parr thee. 1852 mein, napolean ney french guyana mein nae "baigane dee keyen" (cayenus penal coloney) mein sthanantarit karane key liye hulks seey swayamsevi kaidiyon koo bulaaya; 3,000 doshiyon ney aavedan kiya. dou shreniyon key kaidi parivahan key liye paatr theh "parivahan", "double" key tahat sajaa paae nagrik-kaanoon kaidi, aur "deports", raajneetik apraadhon key doshi kaidi, jaise jasusi yaa sajish. france ney bhee 19veen shatabdi key anta taka ausatan 5,400 kaidiyon key awas key saath hulks kaa upayog karna jaari rakhaa, jaba taka kii way antatah bund naheen hoe gaye. 1939 mein antim bund honey taka krishi dandaatmak coloniyon kaa upayog kishoron key liye jaari rhaa.
dandaatmak coloney key roop mein upayog karein.
dweep 1852 seey francisi apraadhiyon key liye ack dandaatmak coloney kaa hissa theh jinhen magistrate key bajaay juurii dwara doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa. dandaatmak coloney kaa mukhya bhaag ack shram shivir thaa joe dutch guyana (vartamaan surinam) key saath seema parr faila huaa thaa. iss dandaatmak coloney ney kathorta aur krurta key liye pratishtha vikasit kii, aur sudhaar key liye samay-samay parr ahwan utpann kiya. kaidi-parr-kaidi hinsa aam thee; ushnakatibandhiya beemaariyaan vyaapt theen. kewal ack chhota saa alpasankhyak toote hue jeevit bache loga yeh bataane key liye france laut aae kii yeh kitna bhayaanak thaa; way kabhi-kabhi anya sambhaavit apraadhiyon koo seedhe jaane seey daraate they. iss pranali koo dheere-dheere samaapt curr diyaa gayaa aur 1953 mein poori tarah seey bund curr diyaa gayaa.
20veen shatabdi key anta seey, dweep paryatan sthal bunn gaye hain aur poorv jailon key kshetra paryatan key liye khule hain.
shaitan kaa dweep aur usase judee jailen antatah itihas kii sabse kukhyaat jail pranaliyon mein seey ack bunn gaeen. jail pranali key upayog mein honey key dauran (1852-1952), kaidiyon mein raajneetik kaidi (jaise kii 239 ganarajya jinhone 1851 mein napolean III key takhtapalat kaa virodh kiya) aur sabse kathor chor aur hatyare shamil they. shaitan key dweep jail pranali mein bheje gaye 80,000 seey adhik kaidiyon mein seey adhikansh kabhi bhee france naheen laute. kaee logon kii mrityu bimari aur kathor paristhitiyon key kaaran hui. swachchata pranaaliyan seemit theen, aur yeh kshetra machharon seey sankramit thaa, jisamen keede sthaanik ushnakatibandhiya rogon koo failaate they. dweep kii jailon seey ekmatra nikas paani seey thaa, aur kuchh doshi bhaag gaye.
joe doshi bhagyashali they kii unake parivaar yaa dost unhein paise bhejane key liye taiyar they, unhein ise jail key gaard kii dekhbhal mein unhein bhejana padata thaa. maanak abhyaas yeh thaa kii gaard bheje gaye paise kaa ack chauthai hissa apane liye rakhta thaa aur baaki kaidi koo detaa thaa.
30 maee 1854 koo france ney jabaran nivaas kaa ack nayaa kaanoon paarit kiya. isake liye doshiyon koo sajaa poori honey key baad apane jabaran shram samay key barabar samay key liye french guyana mein rahane kii aavashyakta thee. yadi mool sajaa aathh saal seey adhik hoe jaati haye, tou unhein apane shesh jeevan key liye nivaasiyon key roop mein rahane key liye majboor kiya jaataa thaa aur unhein basane key liye bhoomi pradaan kii jaati thee. samay key saath, vibhinn prakaar key dandaatmak shasson ubhare, kyonki doshiyon koo unake apraadhon kii gambhirta aur unake karawas yaa "jabaran nivaas" shasson kii sharton key anusaar shreniyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa.
1885 key ack kaanoon mein chhote apraadhon key liye doharaane vaale apraadhiyon koo francisi guyana jail pranali mein bheja gayaa thaa, joe pahale gambhir apraadhiyon aur raajneetik kaidiyon key liye aarakshit thaa. seemit sankhya mein doshi mahilaaon koo french guyana bhee bheja gayaa thaa, iss iraade seey kii way coloney key niptan aur vikas mein sahaayata key liye mukt purush kaidiyon seey shaadi karein. parinam kharaab honey key kaaran, sarkaar ney 1907 mein iss pratha koo bund curr diyaa. shaitan key dweep parr hii, chhoti jail suvidha mein aamtaur parr 12 seey adhik loga naheen rahate they.
dandaatmak samjhaute kii bhayavahata koo dreyfus mamle key dauran prachaarit kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki francisi senaa key kaptan alfred dreyfus koo deshdroh kaa anyaaypurna roop seey doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa aur 5 janwari 1895 koo shaitan key dweep parr bheja gayaa thaa. 1938 mein rene belbenote kii pustak "dry gilotin" mein dund pranali kii kadee aalochana kii gaee thee.
belbenoit kii pustak key vimochan key turant baad, jisane sthitiyon key baare mein janata koo akrosh paida kiya, francisi sarkaar ney "baigane dee keyness" koo bund karane kii yojana kii ghoshana kii. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prakop ney iss abhiyaan mein deree kii, lekin 1946 seey 1953 taka, ack-ack karke jailon koo bund curr diyaa gayaa. shaitan key dweep kii suvidha bund honey vaali aakhiri thee.
cable kaar pranali joe royal dweep seey devils dweep taka pahunch pradaan karati thee, bigad gaee aur devils dweep abb saarvajanik pahunch key liye bund haye. ise charter naukaaon key upayog seey tata seey dekhaa jaa sakata haye. saloot dweep samooh key dou badey dweep janata key liye khule hain, kuchh purani jail imaraton koo sangrahalayon key roop mein bahaal kiya gayaa haye. way paryatan sthal bunn gaye hain.
pandrah mahilaaon koo shivir mein leey jaanaa.
19veen shatabdi key madhya mein, ack prayog kiya gayaa thaa jisamen 15 veshyaon koo shaitan key dweep parr laaya gayaa thaa, jinake baare mein socha gayaa thaa kii way kaidiyon koo ack garimapurna jeevan jeene aur ack parivaar shuru karane key liye protsaahit karate hain. mahilaaon kii rakhwali nana karati theen. koee parivaar paida naheen huaa thaa, lekin mahilaaon ney kissy koo bhee yaun anugrah kii peshkash kii joe unhein rumm dey sakati thee. purushon key beach vivaad paida hoe gaye, aur antatah dweep parr ack upadansh mahamari fail gaee.
kathit aur safal palayan.
charles derudio.
14 janwari 1858 koo samrat napolean III kii hatyaa key prayaas key baad, charles derudio koo shaitan key dweep parr aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. vaha baarah anya logon key saath bhaag gayaa, aur british guyana kii or ravaana hoe gayaa. baad key jeevan mein vaha americi senaa mein shamil hoe gaye aur chhote bighorn kii ladaai mein butch gaye.
clement duval.
clement duval, ack arajaktawadi, koo 1886 mein shaitan key dweep parr bheja gayaa thaa. mool roop seey maut kii sajaa sunai gaee thee, baad mein usey jeevan key liye kathin shram kii ack parivartit sajaa millie. vaha aprail 1901 mein bhaag gayaa aur newyork shahar bhaag gayaa, jahan vaha apane shesh jeevan key liye rhaa. antatah unhone apane karawas key baare mein "revolt" naamak ack pustak likhi.
francois fran, paul renussi, raymond woud aur jiyovanni battistoti.
shaitan key dweep seey chaar butch nikale-francois freen, 37, paul renussi, 32, raymond woud, 35, sabhi franch, aur jiyovanni battistoti, 35-sent mein pahunche. thomas, yuu.aiss. 18 octuber 1936 koo virgine dweep. unaki mool naav chattan parr lagbhag dhwast hoe gaee thee aur doshiyon koo shuru mein mehmaanon key roop mein manoranjan kiya gayaa thaa aur nagarpalika aspatal mein choton key liye ilaaj kiya gayaa thaa.
heinry charrier aur sylvan.
heinry charrier kii sabse adhik bikane vaali pustak "papillan" (1969) mein ack saathi, silven key saath shaitan key dweep seey unake safal palayan kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye. way raft key roop mein kaam karane key liye narial seey bharey dou boron kaa upayog karate they. charrier key anusaar, donon loga ack chattan seey bhaari samudra mein kood gaye aur teen dinon kii avadhi mein mukhya bhoomi kii or chaley gaye. silven kii tata seey kuchh hii doori parr quicksand mein mrityu hoe gaee. vahaan seey, charrier koo cuke-cuke naam key ack vyakti seey milna thaa joe usey jaari rakhane aur swatantrata key liye apane palayan koo puuraa karane mein madad karega; isake bajaay charrier koo phir seey pakada gayaa aur venezuela key ell dorado mein baigane mein kuchh samay key liye seva kii gaee. aakhirkaar riha honey key baad, vaha venezuela mein hii rhaa.
charrier key khaate ney kaafee vivaad khadaa curr diyaa. francisi adhikaariyon ney iss parr vivaad kiya aur dandaatmak coloney record jaari kiye joe unake khaate kaa khandan karate they. charrier koo kabhi bhee shaitan key dweep parr kaid naheen kiya gayaa thaa. vaha mukhya bhoomi kii jail seey bhaag gayaa thaa. francisi patrakaron yaa jail adhikaariyon ney unaki pustak key anya tatvon parr vivaad kiya aur kahaa kii unhone kaee ghatnaaon kaa aavishkaar kiya thaa yaa anya kaidiyon key anubhavon koo uchit banaaya thaa. alochakon ney kahaa kii unhein sweekaar karna chaahiye thaa kii unaki pustak kaalpanik thee.
felix milani.
felix milani ney heinry charrier key saath usee jahaaj parr yatra kii aur apane anubhavon key baare mein "doshi" naamak ack pustak likhi.
rene belbenoit.
rene belbenoit shayed dandaatmak coloney key sabse prasiddh palayankarta hain, jinhone dou achchi tarah seey praapt sansmaranon mein apane anubhavon key baare mein likhaah "narak parr pareekshan" (1940) aur "shushk gilotinah jeevit mritakon key beach pandrah varsh" (1938). 1930 mein asthaayi anumati key saath coloney chhodane key baad, unhone antatah panama nahar mein apana raasta banaaya, jahan unhone lagbhag ack saal taka kaam kiya. 1930 key anta mein, unhone apani swatantrata key liye bahas karane key liye france lautane kaa faisala kiya. haalaanki, ack shaitan key dweep key doshi key liye france lautana ack aparaadh thaa. unhein 1931 mein francisi guyana mein jail coloney mein vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa thaa. iss baar unhein shaitan key dweep key bajaay iley royal bheja gayaa thaa. unhein lagbhag ack saal key liye ekant karawas mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1934 mein, unhein phir seey riha curr diyaa gayaa, lekin ack "libere" yaa mukt kaidi key roop mein, unhein 1930 mein pahale kii tarah, france lautane kii anumati naheen dee gaee thee. antatah unhone sanyukt raajya america mein apana raasta banaaya. unhone 1956 mein hamari nagrikta praapt kii. 1959 mein 59 varsh kii ayu mein california mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
francis lagrange.
 vaha ack chitrakaar aur jaalidaar they jinhone shaitan key dweep parr apane anubhavon key baare mein ack pustak likhi thee.
bernard carnot.
americi navik aur lekhak villium vilis ("dhikkaar aur dhikkaar phir seey)" key dusare sansmaran key anusaar, 1938 mein nae varshon key kuchh dinon baad, unhone newyork shahar mein ack francisi apravasi seey ack kamra kiraaye parr liya jiska naam maidam carnot thaa. unake bete, bernard carnot koo 1922 mein ack hatyaa key liye shaitan key dweep parr bheja gayaa thaa joe usane naheen kii thee, aur carnot parivaar taba seey sanyukt raajya america chalaa gayaa thaa. karuna aur saahas kii bhavna seey, will bernard carnot key bhaagne key liye dandaatmak coloney mein nickle jaataa haye, jise usane antatah puuraa kiya. pustak kaa upasheershak ingit kartaa haye kii yeh 'shaitan key dweep seey antim palayan kii sachchi kahani' kaa dastavejikaran kartaa haye.
ack aapoorti jahaaj parr savaar hocker brazil mein taskari kiye jaane key baad, carnot apane parivaar key saath kabhi phir seey naheen milaa, halanki unhein vaseeyat key madhyam seey pataa chalaa kii usane apani swatantrata praapt curr lii thee. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prakop parr vaha europe laut aae aur francisi senaa mein shamil hoe gaye. maanaa jaataa haye kii vaha strasberg kii mukti seey kuchh samay pahale kaarravaai mein maaraa gayaa thaa.
isake baad.
1938 mein, francisi sarkaar ney kaidiyon koo shaitan key dweep parr bhejana bund curr diyaa. 1953 mein, jail pranali koo antatah poori tarah seey bund curr diyaa gayaa.
usa samay key adhikansh kaidiyon koo moksh senaa dwara mahanagariya france mein vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa thaa. kuchh ney french guyana mein rahane aur phir seey basane kaa faisala kiya.
1965 mein, francisi sarkaar ney adhikansh dweepon kii jimmedaari apane nava-sthaapit guyana antariksh kendra koo hastaantarit curr dee. dweep kendra seey poorv kii or samudra (bhusthaitik kaksha) kii or prakshepit antariksh rockets key prakshepavakra key tahat hain. pratyek prakshepan key dauran unhein baahar nikaalana hoga. dweepon mein antariksh prakshepan key liye vibhinn prakaar key maap upkaran hain.
see. aine. ee. aiss. antariksh agency ney anya agencies key sahyog seey una imaraton koo bahaal kiya haye jinhen aitihaasik smarakon key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. paryatan suvidhaon key judane key baad seey, dweepon parr abb harr saal 50,000 seey adhik paryatak aatey hain.
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
robb zombi kii 2022 kii film mein dha munsters, herman aur lilly devils eyeland hotal mein samudra tata parr chhutti manaate hain. uska aadami jail kii vardi pahanata haye joe shaitan key dweep dund coloney kii sampatti bataati haye.
sandarbh.
notes
aage padhein

