george mahal

saao george casal (;), jise kabhi-kabhi angreji mein sent george key mahal key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, purtagaali rajdhani lisban mein ack aitihaasik mahal haye, joe saanta maria mayor key "freegucia" mein sthit haye. mahal pahaadi kaa maanav vyavasaay cumm seey cumm 8veen shatabdi eesaa poorv kaa haye, jabaki iss sthal parr sabse purana kilaa doosari shatabdi eesaa poorv kaa haye. jiss pahaadi parr sant george kaa mahal khadaa haye, usane lisban key itihas mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai haye, jisane 1147 mein lisban kii gherabandi mein purtagaliyon dwara apani vijay seey pahale fenician, carthagenian, roman aur moors dwara kramik roop seey kabja kiye gaye kille key sthaan key roop mein kaary kiya haye. 12veen shatabdi key baad seey, mahal ney vibhinn prakaar seey ack shaahi mahal, ack sainya bairak, toor doo tombo rashtriya sangrah key ghar aur abb ack rashtriya smaarak aur sangrahalaya key roop mein kaary kiya haye.
itihas.
haalaanki iss pahaadi kii choti parr pahala kilaa pahali shatabdi eesaa poorv kaa haye, puraataatvik khudai ney 8 veen shatabdi eesaa poorv taka tagus ghaati mein maanav upasthiti kii pehchaan kii haye. pahala kilaa, sambhavatah, 48 eesaa poorv mein banaaya gayaa thaa, jaba lisban koo ack roman nagarpalika key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa.
pahaadi kaa upayog pahale celtic janjaatiyon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, phir fenician dwara, usake baad yoonaniyon aur baad mein carthaginians dwara ack rakshaatmak chauki key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa jise baad mein romanon, suebi, visigoth aur moors dwara kramik roop seey jabt curr liya gayaa thaa. 10veen shatabdi key dauran, kilebandi kaa nirmaan berber balon dwara kiya gayaa thaa; inmein deevaaren yaa "sarka maura" ("moorish encryclement") shamil they.
raajya.
isai "reconquista" key sandarbh mein, mahal aur lisban shahar koo 1147 mein dusare dharmayuddh key dauran lisban kii gherabandi mein afonso henriques aur uttari europeeya shurveeron dwara moorish shasson seey mukt curr diyaa gayaa thaa; yeh jeet usa asafal dharmayuddh kii ekmatra ullekhaniya safalata thee. ack baar-baar dohrai jaane vaali kinvadanti key anusaar, night martim moniz ney yeh dekhate hue kii mahal kaa ack darwaja khula thaa, moors koo apane shareer koo daraar mein fenkkar ise bund karane seey roque diyaa, iss prakaar isai sainikon koo apane jeevan kii keemat parr pravesh karane kii anumati dee. mahal key adhigrahan key saath isai senaayen 12 veen shatabdi key anta taka lisban kii raksha banaae rakhane mein saksham theen.
jaba lisban 1255 mein purtagaal key raajya kii rajdhani banaa, tou mahal ney governor key roop mein apani bhoomika mein, afonso III key liye ack kileband nivaas, "alkakova" key roop mein kaary kiya. 1300 key aspas raajaa dennis pratham dwara iska badey paimaane parr navinikaran kiya gayaa thaa, jisase moorish alkasova koo alkasova key shaahi mahal mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. 1373 aur 1375 key beach, raajaa ferdinand pratham ney "sarka nova" yaa "sarka fernandina" key nirmaan kaa adesh diyaa, joe deewaar vaalaa parisar thaa joe mahal key uttari hisse koo chhodkar sabhi koo gherta thaa. isake nirmaan key liye master builder joao fernandes aur vasco brass jimmedaar they. yeh deewaar, joe aanshik roop seey purani moorish divaaron koo badal detee haye, shahar key pahale key asurakshit hisson koo gherne key liye banaai gaee thee. dou varshon mein puuraa honey parr, isamen 77 meenaaren, 34 yaa 38 dwaar aur ack paridhi thee.
mahal aur shahar ney 14veen shatabdi key dauran kaee baar castile kii taakton kaa virodh kiya (vishesh roop seey 1373 mein aur 1383-1384 mein). yeh iss avadhi (14veen shatabdi key anta mein) key dauran thaa kii mahal raajaa johnn pratham dwara sant george koo samarpit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone lankester kii angreji rajkumari philippa seey shaadi kii thee. sant george, yoddha-sant, koo aam taur parr ack ajgar koo maarne kaa pratinidhitva kiya jaataa thaa, aur donon deshon mein bahut lokpriya thaa.
1378 key baad seey raajya key kaee abhilekh "toor doo tombo" (shaabdik roop seey, "sangrah kaa meenar") mein rakhe gaye they, jise 1755 key bhookamp (ack meenar jise aaj "ulysses kaa meenar" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) taka "toor albara" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa. purtagaali shaahi sangrah, jahan prasiddh purtagaali itihaaskaar ferno lopes, gomes eenes dee jurara aur demio dee gois ack baar kaam karate they, koo abhee bhee lisban mahal key meenaron mein seey ack mein apane mool sthaan key kaaran "toor doo tombo" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. 9 disambar 1448 koo, gill pires koo afonso estaves kii jagah lene key liye mahal key master builder kaa naam diyaa gayaa, jise unake kaam key liye 400 rupaye kaa bhugtan kiya gayaa. 1448 aur 1451 key beach, master builder koo mahal parr unake kaam key liye kaee wazife diye gaye they. isi tarah, rajmistri joao dee alverka koo patthar key kaam key liye ack badee raashi kaa bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa. yeye saarvajanik kaary 1449 seey 1452 taka jaari rahey, jisamen imarat koo ack kileband mahal seey shaahi nivaas mein badalane key liye shram aur samagri key liye atirikt bhugtan kiya gayaa.
15veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, sent george key mahal key paas sthit lisban key shaahi mahal mein ack shaahi menagari kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. 1415 mein seuta kii vijay key baad, portugal key raajaa johnn pratham ney dou barberry sheron koo lisban vaapas laaya, aur unhein lisban key gadh mein unake mahal key ander ack badey kamare mein sthaapit kiya gayaa. mahal key iss kshetra koo "kaasa doses leos" ("sheron kaa ghar") key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa; aaj iss kshetra mein isi naam key ack prasiddh restaraan kaa kabja haye. usa shatabdi key baad, german manavtawadi hyronmous munjar ney 1494 mein lisban mein paanch dinn bitaaye, aur sheron key baare mein seekha, joe sabse sunder jangli janwar honey kaa daavaa karate they jinhen unhone kabhi dekhaa thaa.
shaahi mahal key roop mein, mahal navik vasco daa gaama key raajaa manual I dwara swaagat key liye setting thee jaba vaha 1498 mein bhaarat key samudri maarg kii khoj seey laute they. mahal ney 1502 mein ack theatre key roop mein bhee kaam kiya jaba agrani natakkar gill vicent ney manual I key bete aur uttaradhikari, bhavishya key joao III key janm key sammaan mein apane "monologo doo vakiro" kaa manchan kiya.
16veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, tagus nadee key kinare ribera mahal key nirmaan key baad, alkasova kaa mahal apana mahatva khona shuru curr diyaa. 1531 mein aae bhookamp ney puraane mahal koo aur kshatigrast curr diyaa, jisase isake kshay aur upeksha mein aur yogdan padaa. 1569 mein, raajaa sebastian ney mahal mein shaahi apartment key punarnirmaan kaa adesh diyaa, jiska irada ise apane aadhikarik nivaas key roop mein upayog karna thaa. punarnirmaan key hisse key roop mein, 1577 mein philippo turjee ney loretto key church key pramukh agrabhag key paas ack meenar koo dhwast curr diyaa. haalaanki, kaee kaam yuva raajaa kii spasht mrityu key baad kabhi bhee alkesar quibir kii ladaai key dauran puuraa naheen hue. nimnalikhit purtagaali rajvansh sankat ney saath varshon key spanish shasson kaa maarg khol diyaa aur mahal koo sainya bairak aur ack jail mein badal diyaa gayaa. 30 disambar 1642 koo, chhote koo apane pitaa, luis dee frias aur unake daadaa, tedosio dee frias dwara shuru kiye gaye karyon koo jaari rakhane key liye master builder niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. yeh kilebandi koo phir seey shuru karane key liye spanish balon dwara ack badee yojana kaa hissa thaa. 
haalaanki, purtagaali bahaali yuddh key baad purtagaal ney apani swatantrata hassil curr lii, jisake baad purtagaali sarkaar ney karyon koo apane haath mein leey liya. 6 navambar 1648 koo, nicolau dee langress koo ack nae kille key design, nishpaadan aur nirmaan koo sambhaalane key liye bulaaya gayaa thaa joe sent george key mahal aur lisban kii shahar kii divaaron koo gher legaa. 1650 mein sainya vastukar mattus doo kauto koo pariyojana kaa master builder naamit kiya gayaa aur punarnirmaan ney ack naee aupchaariktaa koo apanaayah halanki sainya engineer joao gilot ney 1652 mein naee divaaron kaa nirmaan kiya, nirmaan ney phir seey 1657 aur 1733 key beach kauto kii yojanaon kaa paalan kiya. 1673 mein, sainikon kaa aspatal, "saao joao day duce" (bhagwan key sent johnn) koo samarpit, ruaa doo recollimento key buggle mein maidan mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 17veen shatabdi key anta mein "recollimento doo castello" ("mahal aashray") kaa nirmaan aangan key dakshin-poorv konn key saath kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1733 mein, master custodio viera dwara naee pariyojanaon kii shuruat kii gaee thee.
1755 key lisban bhookamp ney mahal koo buri tarah seey kshatigrast curr diyaa aur isake nirantar kshay mein yogdan diyaah puraane mahal kii divaaron key alawa, sanic kaa aspatal aur "recollimento" khandahar mein reh gaye they. rajdhani shahar key bheetar ack sahayak sainya bull banaae rakhane kii aavashyakta key liye kshetra kii sainya chauki aur presidio kii bhoomika kaa vistaar aavashyak thaa. 1780 seey 1807 taka, garib bachchon kii shiksha key liye samarpit dharmarth sansthaan kaasa piyaa kii sthaapana gadh mein kii gaee thee, jabaki sainikon koo usa sthaan parr tainaat kiya jaataa rhaa. bhookamp aur baad kii sunami kii ghatnaaon seey prerit, purtagaal mein pahali bhoo-vaigyaanik vedhshala kaa nirmaan 1788 mein mahal key meenaron mein seey ack key sheersh parr kiya gayaa thaa, jise baad mein "torre doo observatorio" (vedhshala meenar) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa.
ganarajya.
1930 key dashak taka, mahal lisban kii kshitij rekha seey ack alag sthal key roop mein gayab hoe gayaa thaa, joe lagbhag poori tarah seey peechhe aur baad mein anulagnak aur parivardhan key tahat aspasht thaa. rashtra kii neenv aur swatantrata kii bahaali () koo chihnit karane vaale smaarak samarohon key hisse key roop mein, antonio dee olivira salazar kii sarkaar ney site parr vyaapak navinikaran shuru kiya (jaisa kii isane cintra aur sylve mein samaan mahalon key saath kiya thaa). pichhali shataabdiyon mein mahal parisar mein jodee gaee adhikansh asangat sanrachanaon koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe kii aadhipatya kii dekhrekh mein thaa, aur "recollimento" kii aanshik bahaali hui thee. isake alawa, 25 octuber 1947 koo, porto shahar dwara prastut afonso henriques koo samarpit ack smaarak, sores doses rees (1887 mein) dwara banaai gaee pratikriti koo maidan mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
31 maee 1942 koo mahal key sanchaalan koo lisban kii shahar sarkaar dwara sambhala jaanaa shuru kiya gayaa, jisaki pushti 8 juuna 1979 koo kii gaee thee.
1998 mein, ardh-aaytaakaar sthaanon, stambhon aur kund koo sangrahalaya "olysiponia" mein anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa.
22 agast 2006 koo, kshetriya dee kalchura lisboa (dee. aar. see. ell. aiss. bee. aeye.) ney ack vishesh suraksha kshetra koo paribhaashit kiya, jisamen saao george kaa mahal aur lisban kii baaki deevaaren, "baxa pombalina" aur vibhinn sampattiyan shamil theen jinhen pahale seey hii saanskritik viraasat key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa. concelho nacional dee kalchura" (rashtriya sanskriti parishad) ney 10 octuber 2011 koo iss paribhasha koo samaapt karane kaa prastaav rakhaa, jise egaspar dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa.
vastukala.
mahal lisban key kendra mein ack pahaadi parr haye, jabaki isaki kaee deevaaren gadh key chaaron or nagrik pairishon mein faili hui hain joe ise poorv aur dakshin mein gherati hain.
mahal kii yojana lagbhag vargakar haye, aur yeh mool roop seey ack gadh banaane key liye ack deewaar seey ghiraa huaa thaa. mahal parisar mein mahal ("castelezo"), kuchh sahayak imaaraten (shaahi mahal key khandharon sahit), bageeche aur ack badaa seedhidaar varg haye jisase lisban kaa ack prabhaavshaali paridrishya dikhaai detaa haye. gadh kaa mukhya pravesh dwaar 19veen shatabdi kaa ack dwaar haye, jiss parr portugal key coat-off-arms, raani maria dwiteeya kaa naam aur 1846 kii tarikh haye. yeh dwaar mukhya varg ("praka dee 'armus") taka pahunch kii anumati detaa haye, jise purani topon aur afonso heinrich kii kansya pratima seey sajaaya gayaa haye, joe purtagaali raajaa they jinhone kille koo moors seey leey liya thaa. yeh moorti 19veen shatabdi key mool kii ack prati haye, joe romantic moortikaar antonio sores doses rees dwara banaai gaee haye, joe uttari purtagaal mein guimarus mahal key paas sthit haye.
shaahi mahal key avashesh mukhya chauk key paas sthit hain, lekin joe kuchh bachaa haye vaha kuchh deevaaren aur kuchh punarnirmit kamare hain jaise kii "kaasa ogieval". abb yeh lisban key itihas key baare mein ack multimedia show "olysiponia" kii mejbani kartaa haye.
madhyayugeen mahal gadh key uttar-paschim koney kii or, isake uchchatam bindu parr sthit haye. kaalpanik roop seey, gherabandi key dauran, yadi hamlawar gadh mein pravesh karane mein kamyab rahey, tou mahal antim gadh thaa, jisamen sharan lene key liye antim sthaan thaa. yeh aaytaakaar haye, jisamen duss meenaaren hain. ack meenar aur ack jodane vaale darwaaje key saath ack deewaar mahal key aangan koo aadhe hisson mein vibhajit karati haye. seedhiyon kii ack shrinkhala agantukon koo deewaar aur meenaron key oopar paidal maarg taka pahunchane kii anumati detee haye, jisase lisban key shandar drishyon kaa anand liya jaa sakata haye. ulysses key meenar (jahan "torr doo tombo" sangrah huaa kartaa thaa) mein 1998 mein ack camera obscura sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa joe darshakon koo shahar aur tagus nadee key 360-degree drishya kii anumati detaa haye.
apani mukhya divaaron key alawa, mahal apane dakshini aur purvi kinaaron parr, ack barbican ("barbaca") dwara sanrakshit haye, ack nichali deewaar joe gherabandi injanon koo mukhya mahal kii divaaron key paas jaane seey rokti haye. doosari or, mahal key uttari aur paschimi bhaag praakritik roop seey mahal kii neenv seey neeche kii or dhalaan vaali khadee pahaadi seey sanrakshit they. mahal bhee aanshik roop seey ack khaai seey ghiraa huaa haye, joe abb sookh gayaa haye. mukhya pravesh dwaar key saamane khaai key paar ack patthar kaa pull haye. paschim kii or, ack lambi parde kii deewaar haye joe neeche kii or faili hui haye, joe ack meenar ("torre dee saao laureno") parr samaapt hoti haye. iss meenar ney "sarka fernandina" mein ack dwaar kii raksha kii.

