europeeya sansad chunaavon mein matdan

europeeya sansad key chunaavon mein 1979 aur 2014 key beach matdan mein girawat dekhi gaee. haalaanki, 2019 key europeeya chunaavon mein matdan 2014 kii tulanaa mein 8 ankon kii vriddhi hui. sabhi sadasya raajyon key liye iss apavaad key bavjood, rashtriya sansadiya chunaavon kii tulanaa mein chunavi jutaav kamjor banaa huaa haye. isake alawa, europe mein ack desh seey dusare desh mein aur ack samay mein matdan kaafee bhinn hotaa haih 2019 mein belgium key nagrikon ney sabse adhik 88.47% key saath bhaag liya aur slovakian ney 22.74% key saath cumm bhaag liya. inn rujhaanon aur unake prabhaavon koo prabhaavit karane vaale sambhaavit karakon ney bahut vidvaanon kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye. europeeya chunaavon mein apekshaakrit cumm matdan koo nirdhaarit karane vaale karakon kii pehchaan aur vishleshan karna isaliye mahatvapurna haye, kyonki yeh ack tatva haye joe europeeya sansad kii loktaantrik vaidhata koo kamjor kartaa haye.
vyaktigat kaarak.
samajik-jansankhyikiya.
ling.
jabaki sthaapit loktantron mein rashtriya chunaavon mein ling-samaan matdan jyaadaatar "mahilaaon key nae samoohon key matdaataon mein pravesh karane key roop mein" pahunch gayaa haye, europeeya chunaavon mein bhaag lene key liye purushon kii tulanaa mein mahilaaon kii tulanaa mein abhee bhee thodaa adhik jhukaav haye. vaastav mein, 2019 mein, mahilaaon (49 pratishat, + 8 pratishat) aur purushon (52 pratishat, + 7 pratishat) key beach 3 ankon (2014 kii tulanaa mein-1 pratishat) kaa antar abhee bhee dekhaa gayaa thaa.
yeh ling antar naa tou ling mein nihit prateet hotaa haye aur naa hii sansthaagat visheshtaon mein kyonki europeeya sansad apane sadasya deshon key nichale sadanon kii tulanaa mein mahilaaon kaa adhik samtaavaadi pratinidhitva prastut karati haye. saahitya iss baat parr jore detaa haye kii, unake "raajneetik samajikaran" key kaaran, mahilaaon key matdan karane kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye kyonki way cumm mahatvapurna maane jaane vaale chunaavon mein rajneeti mein cumm ruchi aur gyaan vyakt karati hain (jaise.jee. europeeya star parr).
umr aur peedhi.
2004 key vistaar key bavjood, jisane matdan kii umr koo kaafee cumm curr diyaa haye, yuva logon ney hamesha apane badon kii tulanaa mein europeeya chunaavon mein cumm bhaag liya haye. saahitya kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa "ayu" yaa "jeevan-chakr" key prabhaav parr jore detaa haye, jisake anusaar yuva logon key matdan karane kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye kyonki way abhee bhee "vayaskata mein sankraman" mein hain, apane peshevar currier aur parivaar kaa nirmaan curr rahey hain."umr badhane key madhyam seey, vyakti adhik" "sansaadhan aur raajneetik anubhav" "praapt karate hain, aur" "cumm samay kii baadhaon" "aur matdan key majboot" "anuroop vyavhaar" "kaa saamana karate hain joe unhein apana vote daalane key liye prerit kartaa haye.
saahitya kaa ack anya hissa iss baat parr jore detaa haye kii yeye rujhaan "apane aap mein umr key kaaran" naheen hoe sakate hain, balki "samajik anubhavon" key kaaran hoe sakate hain, jinake madhyam seey vyakti pichhali aur agali peedhi kii tulanaa mein "adhik yaa cumm hudd taka matdan karane kii aadat praapt karate hain."smates inn dinon yuva vayaskon key" baad mein paripakvata "parr vichaar karate hain (...) apane maataa-pitaa yaa daadaa-daadi kii tulanaa mein cumm matdan karane key liye ichchuk. jabaki, 2014 taka, inn spashtikaranon koo europeeya chunaavon mein samarthan karane vaale saboot mille hain, 2019 mein apratyaashit matdan mein vriddhi yuva logon kii adhik gatishilata seey prerit haye, jisase 2014 kii tulanaa mein peedhigat antar cumm huaa haye. vaastav mein, jabaki 55 yaa usase adhik ayu key vyakti abhee bhee matdaataon key bahumat (54 pratishat, + 3 pratishat) kaa pratinidhitva karate hain, "" 25 (42 pratishat) seey cumm ayu key logon kii bhagidari aur <1 (47 pratishat) ayu varg ", 2014 kii tulanaa mein kramshah 14 aur 12 pratishat kii vriddhi hui haye.
samajik-aarthik sthiti aur samudaay kaa prakaar.
rashtriya chunaavon key liye, vidwan mukhya roop seey iss baat seey sahmat hain kii uchch star kii shiksha, aaya aur samajik-aarthik sthiti vaale vyaktiyon key matdan karane kii adhik sambhavana haye. 2019 mein uchch shikshit vyaktiyon (jinhone 20 yaa usase adhik umr mein shiksha chhod dee haye) kii bhagidari 2014 kii tulanaa mein 36 pratishat seey badhkar 39 pratishat hoe gaee, jabaki 15 saal kii umr key baad school naheen jaane vaale logon kii bhagidari 14 seey ghatkar 18 pratishat hoe gaee haye. isi tarah, samajik-aarthik sthiti aur matdan key beach sakaratmak sambandh bhee samay key saath badhe hainh 2019 mein berojgar logon kii tulanaa mein niyojit vyaktiyon (vishesh roop seey "prabandhak, anya safed collar aur manual shramikon") key matdan karane kii adhik sambhavana thee. jabaki vittiya sthiti key saath ack tulaniya sakaratmak sambandh paaya gayaa haye, (arthaat. 54 pratishat matdaataon koo bilon kaa bhugtan karane mein koee kathinaaee naheen hoti haye) jinn logon koo adhik vittiya kathinaaiyaan hain, way bhee 2014 (38 pratishat, + 6 pratishat) kii tulanaa mein adhik matdan karane key liye ichchuk hain. 2014 kii tulanaa mein 2019 mein matadaata profile adhik shahari thee.
haalaanki yeye samajik kaarak raajneetik judaav key "prati swayam" majboot bhavishyavakta hain, way kewal tasveer key ack hisse koo darshaate hain. pahala, jabaki pichhale 50 varshon key dauran audyogik loktantron mein shiksha aur aaya key star mein lagaatar vriddhi hui haye, aam taur parr rashtriya aur europeeya donon chunaavon (2014 koo chhodkar) mein chunavi bhagidari mein girawat aaee haye. isake alawa, matilla inn vishleshanon koo "vyakhyatmak seey adhik varnanatmak" maanate hain, kyonki way usa prakriya koo samajhaane mein seemit hain jisake dwara matdan koo badhaava diyaa jaataa haye. isake alawa, europeeya loktantron mein shiksha star yaa madhyam varg kii hissedari mein vriddhi key dauran matdan mein girawat kyon hui, yeh samajhaane mein inhen whiffle maanaa gayaa haye.
manovritti.
raajneetik jagrukta.
rajneeti mein uchch star key gyaan aur ruchiyon, matdan karane key liye kartavya kii bhavna aur "niyamit upbhog samachar media raajneetik charchaon mein sanlagn" koo aamtaur parr matdan key mahatvapurna bhavishyavakta maanaa jaataa haye. yadi pichhale europeeya chunaavon mein raajneetik hita kii vyakhyatmak shakti mein vriddhi hui, jahaan 2014 (20 seey 24 pratishat) kii tulanaa mein "majboot raajneetik hita" vaale vyaktiyon key matdan karane kii sambhavana 4 pratishat adhik thee, "tou" anupasthit logon key beach isi tarah kii vriddhi dekhi gaee haye. "haalaanki, stockmer aur blaze kaa tark haye kii jaba rashtriya rajneeti seey sambandhit kewal" "achchha gyaan", "majboot ruchi aur vote dene key liye kartavya kii ack majboot bhavna europeeya chunaavon mein bhagidari kii vyakhya karane key liye paryaapt naheen hoe sakati haye."
rashtriya raajneetik sanskriti.
stockemer aur blais ney paaya kii kewal rashtriya star parr "vote dene key liye kartavya kii bhavna" vyakt karane vaale vyakti key paas rashtriya aur europeeya donon chunaavon mein 10 pratishat cumm mauka haye, joe europeeya sangh key star parr bhee iss kartavya koo samajhata haye. pichhale europeeya chunaavon koo 2014 kii tulanaa mein "nagrik kartavya kii adhik bhavna seey badhaava milaa haye.
gharelu rajneeti key prati anya drishtikon mayane rakh sakate hain. raajneetik paimaane parr daaen yaa baaen seey khud koo sambaddh karane vaale loga lagaatar europeeya chunaavon mein "raajneetik paimaane key kendra" mein una vyaktiyon kii tulanaa mein adhik matdan karane key liye ichchuk hain. ack anya dhyaan sarkari anumodan, rashtriya sansthanon key vishvaas aur rashtriya star parr kathit bhrashtachar parr diyaa jaataa haye. halanki ack majboot sarkaar kii asweekriti spasht roop seey logon koo chunaav mein jaane key liye protsaahit naheen karati haye, "rashtriya sansthanon key prati majboot vishvaas aur europeeya chunaavon mein adhik matdan key beach koee spasht sambandh abb taka spasht naheen huaa haye."
europeeya sangh seey sambaddhata.
europeeya chunaavon mein bhagidari parr europeeya sangh seey sambandhit drishtikon key prabhaav parr kissy tarah bahas kii jaati haye. jabaki kuchh ney europeeya chunaavon mein matdan bhagidari koo badhaava dene key liye euro-samarthak drishtikon parr jore diyaa haye, euroseptic kii tulanaa mein; anya ney tark diyaa haye kii oopar ullikhit samajshastriya aur drishtikon charr koo niyantrit karate samay iss tarah key drishtikon kaa mahatva naa key barabar thaa, yadi astitva mein naheen thaa. europeeya pehchaan, studdler aur anya key prati lagaav key liye lekhankan. matdaataon aur matdan key beach usa dhaarana key prati majboot lagaav key beach ack sakaratmak sambandh paaya. isi tarah, 1979 seey 2009 taka key europeeya chunaavon kaa vishleshan karate hue, stockmer ney paaya kii joe loga "europeeya sangh mein desh kii sadasyata koo ack achchi baat maanate hain", unamen ee. pee. chunaavon mein matdan karane kii adhik sambhavana haye, una logon kii tulanaa mein joe ise aswikar karate hain. naa kewal 2019 key chunaav key baad key sarvekshan ney iss pravritti kii pushti kii haye, balki [2014 kii tulanaa mein] adhik uttardaataon ney (...) ney matdan kiya kyonki way europeeya sangh key paksh mein they aur iss samarthan koo unake mukhya matdan prerak key roop mein ghoshit kiya. isi tarah, saahitya iss baat parr jore detaa haye kii europeeya sansthanon aur unake raajnetaon mein avishvaas koo bhee vyaktiyon key liye door rahane kaa nirnay lene key liye majboot prerana maanaa gayaa haye.
kull milakar, europeeya sangh seey sambandhit drishtikon koo bhee atee-saral maanaa gayaa haye, jisamen europeeya sangh key prati saarvajanik drishtikon koo ack-ayami (ack-ayami) maanaa gayaa haye...) kewal sakaratmak yaa nakaratmak moolyon koo "maujooda" aspasht yaa udaseen bhaavanaon kii upeksha karate hue. 2004 aur 2009 key chunaavon kaa adhyayan karate hue, kentman-sinn seey pataa chalata haye kii dwibhashi vyakti-joe ack saath sakaratmak aur nakaratmak [eu] drishtikon rakhate hain "nakaratmak aur udaseen donon drishtikon kii tulanaa mein apana vote daalane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain. isaliye, virodhabhasi "europeeya ekikaran key vichaar" rakhate hue, dwibhashi loga baahar nikalane key bajaay apani aavaaj uthaana pasand karate hain, vote koo europeeya sangh kii pranaliyon mein sudhaar key avsar key roop mein dekhate hain.
dwidha bhaav aur udasinta key liye lekhankan europeeya chunaavon mein kaee matdaataon key liye "dusare crum" kii sthiti key vichaaron mein aur bhee adhik praasangik haye (sansthaagat karakon koo dekhein).
sansthaagat kaarak.
rashtriya star parr.
chunavi pranali.
antar-rashtriya vishleshan chunavi pranali seey sambandhit sansthaagat karakon parr jore dete hain. anupasthit rahane kii vittiya aur naitik lagaton mein vriddhi, samanya matdan mein girawat koo samajhaane mein anivarya matdan kii bhoomika koo saahitya mein vyaapak roop seey maanyata dee gaee haye. vaastav mein, jabaki 1979 mein "40 pratishat bhaag lene vaale deshon" mein matdan anivarya haye, 2019 mein vaha pranali kewal belgium aur luxemberg mein sakriya rahee "isaliye iss charr key prabhaav teji seey cumm hoe gaye hain"
matilla "khuli party soochiyon" (sakht soochiyon kii tulanaa mein) kii bhoomika koo rekhaankit kartaa haye, joe raajneetik dalon seey parey matdaataon key vikalpon kii vividhata koo ummidvaaron taka badhaata haye, jisase matdan koo badhaava milata haye. isi tarah, "kaee nirvaachan kshetron" mein chunaav karaane seey matadaata una ummidvaaron koo chunane mein bhaag lene key liye protsaahit hoe sakate hain joe ("apane nirvaachan kshetra" key) karib mahsoos karate hain aur jinaki jaankaari praapt karna aasaan haye. anya vidwan party pratispardha key pattern koo iss prakaar maanate hainh europeeya chunaavon mein seeten jeetane vaale raajneetik dalon kii sankhya jitani adhik hogi, "adhik saarthak matadaata chayan matdan koo protsaahit karane kii sambhavana haye.
raajneetik vyavastha.
1979 seey 1999 taka europeeya chunaavon kaa adhyayan karna. yeh pradarshit karein kii "ack europeeya sangh sansthaan kii mejbani karna aur europeeya samudaay key sansthaapak sadasya honey key naate", "adhik europeeya sangh jagrukta" koo badhaava denaa jisake parinamswarup adhik matdan hoe sakata haye. puraane aur nae sadasya raajyon key beach matdan key antar ney bahut vidvaanon kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye.
aitihaasik roop seey, vessel aur franklin ney rose key shodh prabandh koo chunauti dene kaa prastaav rakhaa kii nae sadasya raajyon mein seemit matdan bhagidari "post-communist" sthiti (i.ee. raajneetik dalon aur sarkaaron mein vishvaas kii kamee, saamyavaadi shasson kii viraasat"), yeh tark dete hue kii matdan mein antar-rashtriya matbhed aanshik roop seey purvi raajyon mein ack kamjor "europeeya pehchaan aur raajneetik samudaay" key kaaran hain joe "raajneetik pratibaddhata aur bhagidari" koo baadhit/seemit karate hain.
aarthik roop seey, matilla (gebel key shodh parr nirmaan) seey pataa chalata haye kii "shuddh labharthi" deshon mein rahane vaale nagrik (i.ee. ee. yuu. sadasyata seey vittiya roop seey labhanvit honey vaale), "yogadankarta" deshon mein rahane vaalon kii tulanaa mein apana vote daalane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain. unake anusaar, media aur raajneetik kshetra dwara faili gaee jaankaari, kii kissy desh koo karon key madhyam seey anya sadasya deshon koo vittaposhit karna padata haye, nagrikon key bahishkaar key nirnay koo prabhaavit curr sakati haye.
aakhirkaar, franklin key anusaar, 2004 key chunaavon key baad, nae europeeya sangh key deshon ney "matdan key liye badhaava khou diyaa haye joe nae sadasya deshon koo aam taur parr apane pahale europeeya chunaav mein milata haye.
europeeya sangh key star parr.
reif aur schmitt ney 1980 mein dwiteeya-crum siddhant vikasit kiya, joe "ee. pee. chunaavon key liye sabse prasiddh spashteekaran" thaa, jisane ack faldaayi saahitya utpann kiya. iss siddhant key anusaar, europeeya chunaavon mein "gharelu raajneetik daraaron" (gharelu raajneetik daraar) kaa prabhutva haye...) kyonki way "rashtriya raajneetik pranaliyon key vibhinn charanon mein" sambandhit "chunavi chakron" mein hotey hain, jiska arth haye cumm matdan "kyonki gharelu chunaavon kii tulanaa mein cumm daanv parr haye. kuchh vidwan nirnay lene kii prakriya parr europeeya sansad key kathit "cumm pramukhta" key prabhaav parr jore dete hain, anya logon ney iss baat parr jore diyaa haye kii nagrikon key liye, europeeya ekikaran unake rosemarra key jeevan seey bahut door key muddon koo sambodhit curr rhaa haye "unake liye paryaapt ruchi, jagrukta, yaa bhaavnaatmak lagaav". vaastav mein, europeeya sangh (aur vishesh roop seey europeeya sansad) mukhya roop seey nagrikon kii mukhya prathmiktaon ("garibi aur asamaanta koo cumm karna", "aatankvaad aur sangathit aparaadh kaa mukabala karna", "shiksha kii gunavatta mein sudhaar karna") key liye saksham naheen haye. usee nus mein, hobolt aur anya. tark dete hain kii "shaasi dall aam taur parr vishisht matadaata kii tulanaa mein kaheen adhik europeeya samarthak hotey hain" iss prakaar unhein apana vote daalane key liye hatotsaahit karate hain. doosari chunaav samasya" koo cumm karane key liye, ujjwal, garzia aur lessie ney saboot pradaan kiye kii "europe key matdan sthaan koo antarrashtriyakaran (...) raajneetik dalon koo kewal rashtriya muddon parr prachaar karane seey door jaane key liye majboor karega.
iss parr nirmaan, vaine dair ijak aitt all. iss baat parr jore dete hue kii europeeya chunaav (rashtriya chunaavon key vipareet) "cumm mahatvapurna hain kyonki way yeh taya karane mein koee bhoomika naheen nibhaate hain kii desh koo kaun sanchaalit kartaa haye. lagaatar matdan mein girawat kii pratikriya key roop mein, 2014 key europeeya chunaavon key dauran prakriya seey matdaataon aur aayog key adhyaksh kii niyukti key beach ack pratyaksh "chunavi sambandh" sthaapit honey kii ummeed thee. iss tarah key vyaktigatkaran kaa uddeshya eu table parr vikalpon kii saarvajanik pehchaan aur eu mein vijetaon aur haarne vaalon kii pehchaan sunishchit karna thaa. jabaki kuchh deshon mein chunavi bhagidari mein vriddhi hui, kyaa yeh iss ghatana key kaaran thaa yaa anya karakon kii bhoomika abhee bhee ack bahas kaa mudda haye. isake alawa, choonki 2014 mein adhikansh matadaata naheen aae they, isaliye hobolt ney nishkarsh nikala kii iss prakriya kaa matadaata drishtikon parr mahatvapurna prabhaav naheen padaa, joe ummeed seey cumm ummidvaaron kii pasand mein ruchi rakhate they.
praasangik kaarak.
chunaav kaa sandarbh.
tarksangat-vikalp drishtikon seey ack kadam peechhe hatate hue, kuchh adhyayan matdan parr praasangik karakon key prabhaav kaa vishleshan karate hain. "ravivaar kaa matdan", matdan mein vriddhi karane key liye paaya gayaa haye kyonki isase matdan kii laagat cumm hoe jaati haye. isi tarah, ack aur chunaav key liye nikatata aur "agale chunaavon taka cumm samay" key liye dalon koo apane samarthakon koo jutaane key liye protsaahan denaa chaahiye, jisase adhik matdan honah chaahiye. anya "sanyam key liye paristhitijanya karanon" koo "kaam kaa dabaav, bahut vyast honah, yaa buss 'samay naa honah' maanaa gayaa haye, joe ack saath paristhitijanya bahishkaar kaa 29 pratishat haye.
media aur saarvajanik kshetra.
kuchh vidwan tathaakathit "sanchaar ghaate" koo europeeya chunaavon mein cumm saarvajanik hita aur matdan key liye aanshik roop seey jimmedaar maanate hain. europeeya muddon, abhinetaon aur chunavi abhiyaanon key adhik sakaratmak media coverage uchch matdan seey judey hue hain, (bhale hii sandeh banaa rahey). 2014 key chunaavon seey pahale, media coverage ney "teji seey ekikrit europeeyakrit saarvajanik kshetra" koo apanaaya haih sadasya raajyon mein, nagrikon kii samaan "europeeya muddon, europeeya abhinetaon aur europeeya sangh kii jimmedaari" taka pahunch thee, jabaki "rashtriya sanrachana bhee pramukh rahee". yeh pravritti 2019 key chunaav key baad key sarvekshan mein bhee dekhi gaee haye jaba "44 pratishat uttardaataon ney europeeya sansad seey nagrikon koo matdan karane key liye protsaahit karane vaale sandeshon koo dekhana yaa sunana yaad kiya. yeh una uttardaataon mein sabse adhik haye jinhone vaastav mein chunaavon mein matdan kiya (50 pratishat), lekin 39 pratishat gair-matdaataon koo sansad key matdan key sandesh key tatvon koo dekhana yaa sunana yaad haye. ".
kewal media aur raajneetik charcha key madhyam seey raajneetik sanchaar parr dhyaan kendrit karate hue, kuchh vidwan apane drishtikon kii seemaon koo sweekaar karate hain joe aksar shareer kii raajneetik samasyaon key liye 'sandeshvaahak' koo dosh dene key liye bahut adhik hoti haye. europeeya chunaavon mein badhati anupasthiti kii ack sateek samajh anya jutaane vaali agencies kii bhoomika key liye lekha key binaa aayojit naheen kii jaa sakati haye jaise kii samarthan koo sakriya karane mein raajneetik dall.
iss prakaar, vidwan europeeya chunaavon mein matdan parr chunavi abhiyaan key prabhaav parr bahas karate hain. saahitya key ack badey hisse koo iss baat key pramaan mille kii prachaar key madhyam seey jutana europeeya sangh key star kii tulanaa mein rashtriya star parr adhik kushal haye.
jutaane kii kamee kii parikalpana" key madhyam seey, vessel aur franklin ney paaya kii media key madhyam seey jaankaari failaane aur matdaataon koo jutaane key liye prachaar key majboot prayaas matdan koo badhaava dete hain. iss dhaanche key aadhar parr, marcart aur goldberg ney "nagrikon key nishkriya pradarshan" ("chunaav abhiyaan key media coverage aur dalon key lakshit prayason key liye") koo "sakriya judaav" (i.ee. soochana anusandhaan yaa chunavi abhiyaan key bheetar bhagidari). unhone paaya kii sanyam rakhane vaalon koo apana munn badalane key liye protsaahit karane key liye, "sakriya judaav" "raajneetik posters key sampark mein aaney" kii tulanaa mein adhik kushal haye joe paryaapt naheen haye. isake alawa, unhone soshal media parr ack sambhaavit 'vishaakt' soochana aur sanchaar vatavaran parr jore diyaa, jisamen raay aur jaankaari kii vividhata iss sambhavana koo bhee badhaati haye kii nagrik sangh key baare mein mahatvapurna samagri key sampark mein hain aur iss prakaar chunaav mein naheen jaate hain.
prabhaav.
partiyon key hisse parr.
yuddh key baad europeeya rajneeti mein haavi rahane vaale paaramparik dakshinpanthi aur vampanthi dalon ney lagaatar matdaataon koo khou diyaa haye. 2014 aur 2019 key beach isai loktantra (ee. pee. pee.) aur samajik loktantriyon ney kramshah 39 aur 37 seeten khou deen.
ack spashteekaran key roop mein, hicks aur kathor iss baat parr jore dete hain kii europeeya chunaavon koo matdaataon dwara sarkaar mein dalon koo dandit karane key avsar key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. party key aakar kaa bhee prabhaav hoe sakata haih "pichhale rashtriya chunaav mein apane vote-share key sandarbh mein ack badaa raajneetik dall, baad key europeeya chunaav mein utanaa hii adhik vote khou dega.
vaikalpik roop seey, vaine dair aijk aur agmund kaa tark haye kii raajneetik paimaane parr dalon key sthaan key anusaar matdan kaa prabhaav alag-alag hotaa haye. jabaki "dakshinpanthi dalon koo unase thodaa laabh hotaa haye (ausatan) aur vampanthi dalon koo (ausatan) kuchh nuksan hotaa haye. france, united kingdam, denmark yaa austriya jaise deshon mein, iss ghatana koo "loklubhavan kattarpanthi adhikaar key sthaapit nayakon key samarthan seey jodaa gayaa haye, jaise kii francisi rashtriya raili (rn), yuke swatantrata party (yuu. key. pee.), dennish peepuls party (dee. aff.) yaa austriya kii swatantrata party (aff. pee. oh.).
2009 aur 2014 key europeeya chunaavon mein anupasthit logon key chunavi vikalpon kaa adhyayan karate hue, remer-faulo, bernhagena aur rose simulation ney purvanuman lagaaya kii "vampanthi jhukaav aur vaichaarik roop seey madhyam dalon koo laabh hoga yadi matdan pratham crum key rashtriya chunaavon mein dekhe gaye star taka jaataa haye" jabaki "euroseptic yaa europhile partiyan" joe "prabhaavit naheen hongi". 2019 key europeeya chunaavon mein matdan mein vriddhi (vishesh roop seey yuvaaon kii) iss shodh prabandh kaa aanshik roop seey samarthan karati prateet hoti haye, jisamen "kaee deshon mein harit ummidvaaron kii safalata aur ack chunavi safalata praapt karane mein loklubhavan dalon kii viphalata" shamil haye.
europeeya sangh kii raajneetik pranaalih loktaantrik kamee.
europeeya sansad key chunaavon mein majboot anupasthiti koo samagr roop seey europeeya sangh kii loktaantrik prakriti koo kamjor karane key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye "kyonki yeh vaidhata koo sawal mein daaltaa haye yaa kyonki cumm matdan kaa arth haye kuchh samoohon key pratinidhitva kii kamee. vaastav mein, loklubhavan dalon key liye samarthan aanshik roop seey matdaataon kii dhaarana seey utpann hotaa haye kii europeeya sansthaan paryaapt roop seey loktaantrik naheen hain. seemit matdan koo videshon mein loktantra koo badhaava dene key liye europeeya sangh kii vishvasaniyata koo cumm karane key roop mein bhee dekhaa jaataa haye, "joe loktantra aur manvadhikaron key siddhanton koo sakhti seey lagu karate hain.

