
james gardner (sarvekshak)

james gardner ack angreji sarvekshankarta, lithographer, maanchitrakaar, utkeernak aur prakaashak they jinhone grate britten key trikonamitiya sarvekshan mein sakriya bhoomika nibhai. unakaa karyakal 1808 seey 1840 taka faila rhaa.
carrier.
curnell villium madge ney sivil engineer johnn renee kii sifarish parr 1808 mein ack sarvekshak key roop mein maali niyukt kiya.
apane 36 inch key theodolite key saath, unhone uttari ingland aur scotish seemaon key trikon parr kaam karna shuru kiya.
1813 seey 1818 taka, gardner ney ingland key county key maadhyamik trikon parr shuru karane seey pahale, kabhi-kabhi kaptan thomas colby key saath kaam karate hue, kintyre key moll seey morey firth taka trikon kiya.
1818 mein, unhone dou saal baad prakaashit grampion kaa ack paridrishya dekhaa.
1821 mein, unhone greenwich aur peris key beach punah trikon parr ack saal bitaaya. isake liye, colby (abb ayudh sarvekshan key adheekshak) aur kaptan heinry catter britten key liye sanyukt aayukt they. maali key baare mein, catter ney baad mein likhaah "usa sajjan kii pratibha, utsaah aur parishram key liye, kathinaaee key vibhinn avsaron parr, humm bahut rinee they.
1819 mein saiman woolkote kii apratyaashit mrityu key baad, gardner koo colby key varishth sahayak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.
ayudh sarvekshan bhoomika.
1823 mein, colby ney gardner koo aadhikarik maanchitra-vikreta key roop mein villium faden key uttaradhikari key roop mein ayudh sarvekshan (os) kii sifarish kii, jisamen kahaa gayaa kii gardner aise maanchitra naheen bechega joe os key saath pratispardha karate hain, joe pahale ack mudda thaa. unhein dou saal taka iss bhoomika mein baney rahane kii ummeed thee, lekin 1825 mein colby ney ayudh board koo salah dee kii maali kii sevaaon kii aavashyakta adhik samay taka rahegi. colby seey poochha gayaa thaa kii unhein lagata haye kii unake sahayak kii sevaaon koo kaba taka banaae rakhane kii aavashyakta hogi, lekin iss anurodh koo nau varshon taka nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jiss dauran maali koo "kabhi-kabhaar gananaon key liye" prati varsh £105 kaa bhugtan kiya jaa rhaa thaa. board ney iss vetan key liye maali dwara kii jaane vaali sevaaon koo lagbhag nammatra maanaa aur iss tarah, ise bund karane kaa prastaav rakhaa.
1823 taka, maali kii teen bhoomikaaen theenh "ayudh sarvekshan computer, isake maanchitron kii bikri key liye ekmatra agent, aur maanchitra-vikreta aur/yaa gair-pratispardhi maanchitron key maanchitrakaar.
unakaa pahala aur sabse mahatvakankshi maanchitra 1825 mein paschimi aur purvi golardh kaa thaa, pratyek kaa vyaas thaa. yeh aaron teer nirmaata key 1808 key maanchitra key samaan praarup mein thaa, lekin ise adyatan, sahee aur badhaaya gayaa.
colby key saath gardner 1830 mein shaahi bhaugolik samaaj key sansthaapak sadasyon mein seey ack they.
utkeernak.
1830 key dashak mein bhee, mahaan sudhaar adhiniyam aur nagar nigam adhiniyam ney nirvaachan kshetra kii seemaon koo paribhaashit karane kii aavashyakta sthaapit kii. yeh taba thaa jaba james gardner koo pahali baar ack maanchitra utkeernak key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa, sambhavatah unake ayudh sarvekshan sahyogiyon key sanrakshan mein.
tyagpatra aur ardh-sevaanivritti.
gardner ney 1840 mein ayudh board mein apani bhoomika chhod dee, aur apane regent street home offices koo bhee chhod diyaa. unake baad soho squire mein johnn aerosmith aur paternoster pankti mein gratton aind gilbert ney padbhar sambhala.
vaha ardh-sevaanivritt hoe gaye aur unake bete ney agale dashak key liye unake maanchitra-bikri vyavasaay kaa prabandhan kiya.
vyaktigat jeevan.
gardner key cumm seey cumm ack bachcha honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye-betaa james gardner junier.
1823 mein ayudh sarvekshan key liye unaki niyukti key saath, maali koo teen varshon key liye prati varsh £100 kaa bhatta diyaa gayaa thaa. unake anubandh key liye maali koo landan key paschim chhor parr ack ghar aur ack "sunder dukaan" khojane kii aavashyakta thee. unaki dukaan 163 regent street parr thee, joe 1840 mein sevaanivritti key baad golden squire mein 33 bruer street parr chully gaee.