
13 octuber 1990 kaa prithvi-charaane vaalaa ulka pind

13 octuber 1990 koo, 44 kilogram key anumaanit dravyamaan key saath ulka pind aine131090, chekoslovakia aur polland key oopar prithvi key vayumandal mein pravesh kiya aur kuchh sekand key baad, antariksh mein laut aaya. iss tarah kii ghatnaaon key avalokan kaafee durlabh hain; yeh vaigyaanik khagoliya upkaranon kaa upayog karke darj kiya gayaa doosara thaa (1972 key mahaan delite fireball key baad) aur pahala dou door kii sthitiyon seey darj kiya gayaa thaa, jisane isaki kaee kakshiya visheshtaon kii ganana koo saksham kiya. prithvi key saath muthbhed ney isaki kaksha koo kaafee badal diyaa aur, kuchh hudd taka, isake kuchh bhautik gunon (isaki baahari parat kaa dravyamaan aur sanrachana) koo bhee.
avalokan.
drishya avalokan teen swatantra check paryavekshakon dwara report kiye gaye theh khagolshastri petra prevek, pavel classec aur lucie bulikova. unaki report key anusaar, ghatana 03:27:16 ±3 UT parr shuru hui aur dekhaa gayaa ujjwal ulka (aag kaa golaa) dakshin seey uttar kii or badhaa. isane ack track chhod diyaa joe 10 sekand key liye dikhaai dey rhaa thaa.
muthbhed key baare mein adhikansh detta europeeya fireball network key camers dwara photographic tippaniyon kaa upayog karke praapt kiya gayaa thaa. yeh dou door key sthaanon seey camers dwara record kii gaee iss prakaar kii pahali ghatana thee, Çervená hora aur svratouch (donon vartamaan check ganarajya mein), jisane jyaamitiya tarikon seey ulkapind kii kakshiya visheshtaon kii ganana koo saksham banaaya. donon hii akash mein machhali pakadane key uddeshyon seey lais they.
Çervená horr chhavi vishesh roop seey moolyavaan thee. isane aag key gole key prakshepavakra koo lagbhag 110 degree parr darj kiya, joe dakshini kshitij seey 51 degree oopar shuru huaa, charam parr sirf 1 degree paschim kii or chalaa gayaa aur uttari kshitij seey kewal 19 degree oopar gayab hoe gayaa (iss prakaar akash key lagbhag 60 pratishat koo paar curr gayaa). iska camera ack ghoornan shutter seey bhee lais thaa joe prati sekand 12.5 baar exposure koo baadhit kartaa thaa aur fireball key pakade gaye track koo vibhajit kartaa thaa, jisase isaki gati kaa nirdhaaran kiya jaa sakata thaa. antim 4° mein, aag key gole kaa koniya wegg upkaran key sankalp seey cumm thaa. swaratouch chhavi ney prakshepavakra koo kewal lagbhag 15° key liye darj kiya, joe uttar-paschim kshitij seey 30° oopar seey shuru huaa, aur chitrit aag kaa golaa kaafee kamjor thaa. isake bavjood, ganana key liye aankade paryaapt they.
gottfried aim. christanson ney 78 sekand key liye radio receiver seey judey paine recorder kaa upayog karke, 03:27:24 ±6 UT parr, denmark key hadrup mein aag key gole kaa bhee pataa lagaaya.
detta kaa saamana karein.
ulkapind ney prithvi key vayumandal koo kaafee dheere seey charaaya (udaaharan key liye, sanyukt raajya america aur kanada key oopar 1972 key mahaan dinn key ujaale key agnigolak kii tulanaa mein). yeh uharski broad, chekoslovakia key uttar mein, 103.7 kimmy kii oonchaai parr dikhaai dene lagaa, joe prithvi kii satah key paas vrokla, polland key uttar-poorv mein 98.67 kimmy taka pahunchata haye, aur poznan, polland key uttar mein 100.4 kimmy kii oonchaai parr drishti seey gayab hoe jaataa haye. yeh shayed taba taka dikhaai detaa jaba taka kii yeh dakshini baltic samudra seey 110 kimmy kii oonchaai taka naheen pahunch gayaa.
ulkapind kaa poorna parimaan (paryavekshak key charam parr 100 kimmy kii oonchaai parr iska spasht parimaan) lagbhag-6 thaa aur avalokan key kuchh sekand key dauran mahatvapurna roop seey bhinn naheen thaa. yeh 9.8 sekand mein 409 kimmy kii doori taya curr gayaa. yeh 41.74 kimmy prati sekand kii gati seey aage badhaa, joe udaan key dauran maapane key liye naheen badala. chekoslovakia mein ondrejov vedhshala key jeeri borovikka aur jedneck seplecha ney anuman lagaaya kii vayumandal key gharshan key kaaran honey vaalaa mandata aag key gole key parigh (prithvi key nikatatam drishtikon) parr kewal 1.7 meater/sekand taka pahunch gaee, aur iska wegg kewal 0.012 kimmy prati sekand (0.03% seey cumm) cumm hoe gayaa. yeh dee dwara pradaan kiye gaye computer simulation key saath achchi tarah seey mell khaata haye. doubleu. olson, aar. ell. dosher aur key. aim. dakshin-paschim texas raajya vishvavidyalaya mein watson, jinhone nishkarsh nikala kii periji key paas kuchh sekand koo chhodkar mandee 0.5 meater/sekand seey cumm thee. gati kii yeh chhoti see haani, 12 meater prati sekand, 0.05 aim. jey./kii. graa. kii gatij vishisht oorjaa (prithvi key sandarbh key dhaanche mein) key nuksan key anuroop thee, jise garmi (aur shayed dhwani) mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. prithvi key aspas key ghanton key dauran prithvi key gurutvaakarshan key kaaran vastu key wegg sadish mein parivartan kilometres prati sekand key crum parr thaa (dekhein).
software ney jameen parr aag key gole key tatkaal spasht parimaan kii bhee ganana kii. europeeya fireball network key camers dwara iska nireekshan karane seey bahut pahale aur baad mein, ganana lagbhag 250 kimmy kii oonchaai key saath shuru aur samaapt hui. iska spasht parimaan + 5.7 key moolya seey shuru huaa aur yeh kaafee jaldi ujjwal hoe gayaa. ack cameray dwara dekhe jaane parr karyakram ney-5.7 aur periji parr-6.3 kaa ack spasht parimaan diyaa. aag kaa golaa baad mein mund hoe gayaa, jaba ise aakhiri baar camers dwara dekhaa gayaa thaa tou-5.4 key spasht parimaan key saath aur 257 kimmy kii oonchaai parr + 6.0 kaa antim ganana moolya. yeye moolya poori tarah seey nishchit naheen hain, kyonki karyakram ney iss saral dhaarana key saath kaam kiya kii aag key gole kii chamakdaar prabhavkarita track key saath naheen badali. praarambhik spasht parimaan nagna aankho kii drishyata seema seey bahut door naheen haye. udaaharan key liye, badey shaharon seey lagbhag 150 kilometres door kewal andhere graameen kshetron mein + 6 parimaan key mund taaron koo dekhaa jaa sakata haye. yeh parimaan uranus key spasht parimaan key anuroop haye. apane sabse chamkile samay mein, yeh shukra kii adhikatam chamak seey kaee gunaa adhik chamkila thaa.
shaaririk visheshataaen.
ulkapind ack prakaar I fireball thaa, i.ee. ack sadharan chaundrite. jaba yeh prithvi key vayumandal mein pravesh kiya tou iska dravyamaan lagbhag 44 kilogram thaa, joe isake nirpeksh parimaan aur wegg key maapa moolyon key aadhar parr anumaanit kiya gayaa thaa. sadharan chaundrite key gyaat thoke ghanatvon seey (aich samooh key liye 3.40 ± 0.15 graam/semi3, ell samooh key liye 3.40 ± 0.15 graam/semi3 aur ell samooh key liye 3.29 ± 0.17 graam/semi3) humm ulkapind kaa anumaanit vyaas 28.5 aur 30 semi key beach praapt karate hain. muthbhed key dauran iska dravyamaan lagbhag 350 graam cumm hoe gayaa. computer simulation seey pataa chalaa kii yeh lagbhag usee samay dravyamaan khona shuru curr diyaa jaba yeh europeeya fireball network key camers koo 100.6 kimmy kii oonchaai parr dikhaai dene lagaa. dravyamaan kaa nuksan 35 sekand taka chalaa, jaba taka kii yeh 215.7 kimmy kii oonchaai taka naheen pahunch gayaa. isaki satah pighal gaee aur jaane key baad phir seey thhos hoe gaee, jiska arth haye kii isaki satah ack vishisht ulkapind sanlayan parat bunn gaee.
ulkapind prithvi parr jeevan key liye khatarnak naheen thaa. aggar yeh vayumandal key nichale hisson kii or badh bhee jaataa tou yeh itna germ hoe jaataa kii yeh jameen seey oopar visfot curr detaa aur kewal kuchh chhote kann (ulkapind) antatah ise prithvi kii satah parr banaa paate.
kaksha.
kyonki fireball koo europeeya fireball network key dou camers dwara record kiya gayaa thaa, isaliye vayumandal key madhyam seey isaki udaan key prakshepavakra kii ganana karna sambhav thaa, aur baad mein saur mandal mein isaki poorv aur uttar-muthbhed kaksha donon kii visheshtaon kii ganana karna bhee sambhav thaa. gananaaen check khagolvidon pavel sperny, zdeneck seplecha aur ondrejov vedhshala key jeeri borovikka dwara prakaashit kii gaeen, joe ulka avalokan mein visheshagya hain. unhone pradarshit kiya kii prithvi key jhoolane seey ulkapind kii kaksha mein kaafee badalaav aaya. isake affelian (yeh soorya seey sabse door kii yatra kartaa haye) aur kakshiya avadhi koo unake mool moolyon key lagbhag aadhe taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh vastu shuru mein ack atyadhik jhukaav vaali kaksha (71°) mein thee aur thodi adhik jhukaav (74°) key saath ack kaksha mein samaapt hui.
lagbhag harr dhaaee yaa 2.6 varshon mein, yeh vastu saur mandal mein usa bindu parr vaapas aatee haye jahan 1990 kaa saamana huaa thaa, aur prithvi harr saal usee bindu parr vaapas aatee haye. donon key beach agali muthbhed kaba hogi, iska sateek anuman lagaane key liye avadhi kaa pataa naheen haye.
isi tarah kii ghatanaaen.
haalaanki prithvi key vayumandal mein ulkapind kii pravishtiyaan bahut aam hain, vayumandal kii oopari paraton key madhyam seey isi tarah kii udaan darj karna kaafee durlabh haye. sambhavatah pahala vishvasaniya roop seey satyaapit 20 julaai 1860 koo americi raajya newyork key oopar huaa. chekoslovak-polish fireball kii tulanaa kabhi-kabhi yoota, sanyukt raajya america aur alberta, kanada key oopar 1972 key mahaan delite fireball seey kii jaati haye, joe iss prakaar kii pahali vaigyaanik roop seey dekhi aur adhyayan kii gaee ghatana haye. 1972 kaa agnigolak ack hazaar gunaa seey adhik vishal thaa aur yeh prithvi kii satah key 40 kimmy karib pahunch gayaa. una donon key avalokan detta ney aise nikaayon key charaai prakshepavakra kii ganana key liye ack vidhi vikasit karane mein madad kii, jiska upayog baad mein japan key oopar 29 march 2006 koo dekhe gaye ack anya prithvi-charaai ulkapind key prakshepavakra kii ganana karate samay kiya gayaa thaa.