
jhaang jujheng

jhaang jujheng (; 26 maee 1525-9 julaai 1582), shishtachar naam shuda (), chhadm naam taiyu (), ack cheeni rajneta they jinhone longking aur wanley samraton key shasankal key dauran antim ming rajvansh mein varishth grand secretory () key roop mein kaary kiya. unhone "nae kaanunvaad" kaa pratinidhitva kiya, jiska uddeshya yeh sunishchit karna thaa kii kuleen varg raajya key liye kaam karey. pradarshan mulyankan kii or ishara karate hue unhone kahaah "harr koee vaastavik jimmedaari key baare mein baat curr rhaa haye, lekin ack spasht puraskar aur sajaa pranali key binaa, kaun desh key liye jeevan aur kathinaaee koo jokhim mein daalane jaa rhaa haye?"unake mukhya lakshyon mein seey ack apane raajneetik pratidvandi gaao gong key saath milkar kuleen varg mein sudhaar karna aur naukarshahi koo tarksangat banaana thaa, joe iss baat seey chintit they kii karyalaya cumm jimmedaari key saath aaya pradaan curr rahey they. hongwoo samrat koo apane maanak key roop mein lete hue aur vaastavik pradhaan mantri key roop mein shasson karate hue, jhaang kaa vaastavik aitihaasik mahatva maujooda sudhaaron key unake kendrikaran seey aataa haye, joe raajya kii samprabhuta key "kanuni" vichaar-kuleen varg key oopar raajya kii sudharatmak agency koo sthaapit kartaa haye. 
wanley samrat jhaang koo ack maargdarshak aur moolyavaan mantri key roop mein bahut sammaan karate they. wanley yug key pahale duss varshon key dauran, ming rajvansh kii arthavyavastha aur sainya shakti iss tarah seey samriddh hui joe yongal samrat aur 1402 seey 1435 taka raine aur juan key shasson key baad seey naheen dekhi gaee thee. haalaanki, jhaang kii mrityu key baad, wanley samrat ney swatantra roop seey kaary karane key liye swatantra mahsoos kiya, aur jhaang key kaee prashaasnik sudhaaron koo ulat diyaa.
jeevani.
praarambhik carrier.
jhaang jujheng kaa janm 1525 mein aadhunik samay key jingjhou, hubei praant mein jiangling county mein huaa thaa, aur vaha cumm umr mein apani khufiya jaankaari key liye prasiddh they, 12 saal kii umr mein county "shengyuan" pareekshaon mein utteern hue aur agale saal praantiya "juryen" pareekshaon key liye namankan kiya, jahaan mukhya pareekshak unhein aatmasantusht honey seey rokane mein whiffle rahey. anta mein, 1547 mein, unhone shaahi pariksha utteern kii aur unhein hainlin akadami mein sampaadak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa.
jhaang apane currier kii shuruat seey hii gahare raajneetik uthal-puthal mein ulajha huaa thaa, kyonki usa samay ming naukarshahi mein gutbaji prachalit thee. vaha una kuchh adhikaariyon mein seey ack they jinake sambandhit guton key netaaon, yaan geet aur zuu jee donon key saath sauhaardpurna sambandh they, lekin antatah unhone yaan geet koo ukhaad fenkane mein zuu kii sahaayata kii. baad mein, zuu key sanrakshan mein, zhang 1567 mein ack niji sachiv bunn gaye, jinhone khud zuu koo peechhe chhod diyaa aur apane raajneetik pratidvandi gaao gong key saath satta saajha kii. 1572 mein, wanley samrat key rajyarohan key turant baad, gaao koo jhaang aur unake sahayogi, napunsak feng baao dwara iss aarop parr karyalaya seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa kii unhone baal samrat kii shasson karane kii kshamata parr sawal uthaaya thaa. isane jhaang koo ekmatra grand secretory key roop mein chhod diyaa, joe wanley yug key pahale duss varshon key dauran poore ming naukarshahi koo niyantrit kartaa thaa.
varishth grand secretory key roop mein.
jhaang key sudhaaron mein mukhya roop seey vittiya upaay shamil they taaki sarkaar koo pareshan karane vaali lagaatar rajaswa kii kamee koo door kiya jaa sakey. usee samay, adhikaariyon kii nigrani aur mulyankan koo kadaa karane key liye 1573 seey kaanoon sthaapit kiye gaye they, taaki ack teji seey bhrasht naukarshahi koo anushasana bahaal karane kaa prayaas kiya jaa sakey. anya pramukh upaayon mein bachat hassil karane key liye adhikaariyon kii badey paimaane parr chhantani key saath-saath curr-mukt bhoomi koo phir seey hassil karane aur rajaswa aadhar kaa vistaar karane key prayaas shamil they. 1580 mein ekal whip kaanoon sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen sabhi karon aur shram daayitvon koo chaandi key bhugtan mein parivartit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki ack samrajya-vyaapi bhoomi sarvekshan kaa bhee adesh diyaa gayaa thaa.
sainya mamalon mein, jhaang ney samrajya kii uttari seemaon koo majboot karane key liye kii jiguang jaise saksham generalon koo badhaava diyaa aur unakaa samarthan kiya.
jhaang ney wanley samrat key shasankal key shuruati varshon key dauran maargdarshak aur rajpratinidhi key roop mein bhee bahut mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. unhone apani kishoravastha key dauran samrat koo dridhata seey prabhaavit kiya aur unakaa margadarshan kiya. haalaanki, samrat parr unake dwara thopi gaee sakht parvarish ney bhee narajgi paida curr dee, jabaki sarkaar koo kendrikrit karane aur isake vitt mein sudhaar karane key unake prayason ney naukarshahi key badey vargon key hiton koo prabhaavit kiya, jisase aksar vivaad hotaa rhaa. iska ack udaaharan 1577 mein jhaang key pitaa kii mrityu thee; aam taur parr yeh jhaang koo parivarik shoke mein pravesh karane (confusionist parampara key anusaar) aur apana pada chhodane key liye baadhya kartaa, lekin jhaang ney karyalaya mein rahane key liye aavedan kiya, aur samrat dwara banaae rakhaa gayaa. jhaang key karyon key auchitya parr baad key vivaad mein, kaee virodhi adhikaariyon koo laathi seey dandit kiya gayaa, jisase jhaang key prabhutvashali swabhaav kii chhaap hii badhee.
jhaang kii rajkoshiya neetiyon koo unake sudhaaron key prati sansthaagat pratirodh key kaaran kewal mishrit safalata millie. jabaki shaahi sarkaar kii rajkoshiya sthiti mein bahut sudhaar huaa thaa, aur khajaane mein chaandi bhar dee gaee thee, unhone joe sudhaar shuru kiye they, way yaa tou apane uddeshyon koo praapt karane mein whiffle rahey, jaise kii samrajya-vyaapi bhoomi sarvekshan, yaa 1582 mein unaki mrityu key baad jaldi hii khariz curr diye gaye they. usee samay, unaki shandar jeevan shally-jisamen sou seey adhik vyanjanon key saath bhojan shamil thaa, aur 32 purushon dwara leey jaaya gayaa ack palki-unhein pakhand key aaropon kaa saamana karna padaa, jabaki unhone baaki naukarshahi parr tapasya key upaay lagu kiye they.
unaki mrityu key baad, jhaang key raajneetik virodhiyon ney turant una parr aur unake samarthak feng baao parr bhrashtachar, gaban aur gutbaji sahit kaee pramukh aaropon kaa aarop lagaaya. natijatan, unake parivaar koo shuddh curr diyaa gayaa aur wanley samrat key adesh parr unaki sampatti aur sampatti jabt curr lii gaee, jabaki unake kaee raajneetik sahyogiyon koo sevaanivritt honey key liye majboor honah padaa. jhaang kii pratishtha kaa punarvaas kewal aadhi sadee seey bhee adhik samay baad, ming rajvansh key patan seey thheek pahale kiya jaayega.
chaar pustakon" parr jhaang kii tippani.
1573 mein, jhaang ney wanley samrat koo confucian cannon kii chaar pustakon parr ack tippani prastut kii, jiska sheershak thaa "chaar pustakon parr bolchal kii tippani" ("bolchal kii tippani", "see shoo jhiji"). yeh 1573 aur 1584 key beach kuchh samay key liye prakaashit huaa thaa. yeh pustak jhaang key maranoparant upman key dauran nasht naheen hui thee, aur lagbhag ack shatabdi baad, king rajvansh key shuruati dashakon key dauran, jaba isake kaee sanskaran 1651 aur 1683 key beach dikhaai diye, tou cheeni saahitya key beach kaafee prasiddh hui.
aadhunik vidvaanon key mulyankan mein (ee.jee. dee.ee. mungelo), jhaang kii tippani, apani vishay-vastu aur arth mein, nava-confusionist zuu zee dwara likhi gaee tippani seey alag naheen thee. jesuiton ney nava-confucius koo aswikar curr diyaa lekin jhaang kii pustak koo confucius key shikshan key apane drishtikon key saath adhik vyanjan paaya. parinamswarup, "confucius sinaram philosophus" mein jhaang key kaam key kaee sandarbh hain, joe kii confucian classics kaa agrani lattin anuvaad aur tippani haye, jise dheere-dheere kaee dashakon mein jesuits key ack badey samooh dwara banaaya gayaa thaa aur 1687 mein peris mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa.
saahitya.
jhaang jujheng (chang chuu-cheng) ray huang kii "1587, ack varsh kaa koee mahatva naheen", usa avadhi parr ack vrittachitra pustak mein ack mahatvapurna charitra haye. jhaang cheeni television shrinkhala "1566 mein ming rajvansh" mein bhee ack mukhya charitra haye."

