
spanish mein phillippeans saahitya

spanish mein phillippeans saahitya (;) spanish bhasha mein philipino lekhakon dwara banaae gaye saahitya kaa ack nikaay haye. aaj, yeh kosh phillippeans saahitya key poore kosh mein teesara sabse badaa haye (phillippeans mein phillippeans saahitya pahala haye, isake baad angreji mein phillippeans saahitya). yeh sthaaniya bhaashaon mein phillippeans key saahitya seey thodaa badaa haye. haalaanki, pichhale 30 varshon mein isamen bahut cumm parivardhan key kaaran, yeh ummeed kii jaati haye kii poorv jald hii apane pada koo peechhe chhod dega.
itihas.
marinas (1974) key anusaar spanish mein phillippeans saahitya koo vikas key 5 charanon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye arthaath
phillippeans key baare mein spanish dhaarmik kaary (1593-1800).
1565 mein spanish logon key aagaman ney spanish sanskriti aur bhasha sampadakon koo laaya. spen key mukut key liye mexico seey shasson karane vaale spanish vijetaon ney ack sakht varg pranali sthaapit kii jisane mool aabaadi parr roman kaitholikwad koo lagu kiya. spanish sainikon key saath augustinian aur franciscan missionaryon ney jald hii ack dweep seey dusare dweep mein isai dharm failaaya. unake mission koo iss samay key dauran swadeshi logon key jabaran sthanantaran dwara lagu kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki ukhaade gaye mool nivasi apane jeevan key nae kendra key roop mein videshi, sanrachit dharm kii or rukh curr gaye they. pujari aur bhikshu sthaaniya bhaashaon mein prachaar karate they aur swadeshi logon koo anuvaadakon key roop mein niyukt karate they, jisase ack dwibhashi varg kaa nirmaan hotaa thaa jise ladino key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
indios" naamak mool nivaasiyon koo aam taur parr spanish naheen padhaaya jaataa thaa, lekin dwibhashi vyaktiyon, vishesh roop seey kavi-anuvaadak gaspar aquino dee bellen ney tagologue bhasha mein roman lipi mein likhi gaee bhakti kavita kaa utpaadan kiya. "aquino dee bellen dwara shuru kiya gayaa "passion", yeeshu masih key junoon, mrityu aur punrutthan kaa ack varnan haye, joe kaee sanskaranon mein prasaarit huaa haye. baad mein, mexican veerata key gaathaagit, "corrido" ney dharmnirpeksh saahitya key liye ack model pradaan kiya. ashikshit bahusankhyak logon key liye kshetriya bhaashaon mein padya kathaaen yaa "komedya" kaa pradarshan kiya jaataa thaa. way pramukh bhaashaon mein roman varnamala mein bhee likhe gaye they aur vyaapak roop seey prasaarit kiye gaye they.
17veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein ack cheeni philipino printer, tommus pinpin, roman dhvanyaatmak lipi lekhak mein ack pustak likhane key liye nikla. unakaa irada apane saathi tagologue-vaktaaon koo spanish seekhane key siddhant sikhana thaa. dominican press (jahan unhone kaam kiya) dwara prakaashit unaki pustak 1610 mein prakaashit hui. missionary key vyaakaran (joe pinpin ney prakaar mein sett kiya thaa) key vipareet, mool kii pustak upaniveshvadiyon key bajaay upaniveshvadiyon kii bhasha seey sambandhit thee. pinpin kii pustak phillippeans key mool nivasi dwara likhi aur mudrit pahali aisee kriti thee. iss prakaar, yeh praarambhik aupaniveshik kaal mein tagalogue roopaantaran key nihitarth key saath-saath tagalogue anuvaad key baare mein hamein joe kuchh bhee bataata haye, usake liye yeh bahut hii bodhgamya haye. tagalog pathakon koo spanish seekhane mein madad karane aur protsaahit karane key liye saral tarikon seey anuvaad kaa arth lagaaya.
praarambhik charan (1800-1873).
tathaakathit 'rachanaatmak charan' key dauran, philipino lekhakon ney phillippeans koo spen seey ack alag ikai key roop mein pahachaanana shuru curr diyaa aur inhen abhivyaktiyon key vibhinn roopon mein samhitaabaddh kiya.
kaam karane vaale pahale philipino mein luis rodrigues varela haye, joe 1768 mein tondo (joe manila divaaron key baahar praant thaa lekin abb ack jile key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa) mein paida huaa ack mestizo haye.
inn karyon mein seey, iss yug mein sabse pahala maanyata praapt kaam "proclama historial kyu paira animer aeye loss vaslos kyu ell senor donn fernando vee tn aine philipinas aeye kyu defendian aeye sue ray dell fure dee sue falso emigo napolean, primer emperdore dee faansis, ascribe, dedicated aeye imprime aeye sue costa donn luis rodrigues varela" haye. jaisa kii sheershak vyakt kartaa haye, kaam hyspanic samarthak bhaavanaon seey bharaa huaa haye.
1810 mein, ack saal baad ukt kaary key prakaashan, fernandez dee folgueras, phillippeans key governor general koo 'office off dha sensor' dwara teen pustakon koo prakaashit karane key liye diyaa gayaa thaa. inn pustakon kaa sheershak thaah "alogio aeye laas provincius dee loss renos dee laa espana europe", "alogio aeye laa mujer" aur "ell parnaso philipino". usa samay key vibhinn philipino kaviyon dwara likhi gaee kavitaon kaa sangrah, antim pustak, abb bhee spanish mein philipine saahitya key poore sangrah mein sabse mahatvapurna karyon mein seey ack haye. aur haalaanki isaki apane sunhare dinon (1814 mein) key dauran gambhir aalochana kii gaee thee, lekin yeh castillion mein phillippeans key baare mein pahali pustak honey kaa guna rakhti haye joe vishuddh roop seey saahityik haye aur upadeshaatmak yaa dhaarmik naheen haye.
iss yug mein spanish praant key philipino pratinidhiyon mein seey ack jose vargara aur ack sainya adhikaari juan attoiday (1838-1896) dwara karyon kaa prakaashan bhee dekhaa gayaa. inn varshon key dauran prakaashit adhikansh kritiyaan kavitaaen hain.
lekin choonki adhikansh loga joe spanish mein jaankaar hain, way catholic padanukram seey sambandhit hain, isaliye dhaarmik kaary abhee bhee kosh kaa ack badaa hissa banaate hain.
manila key archdioces key wicker general key roop mein apane pravaas key dauran, fra. pedro pelez, aiss.jey., (1812-1863) ney "ell catalico philipino" kii sthaapana kii, joe dhaarmik prakriti kii ack patrika haye. ukt pada kii seva karate hue, unhone santo tomas vishvavidyalaya mein bhee padhaaya aur madrid mein prakaashit ack patrika "laa generation" key samvaadaata key roop mein kaary kiya. apane karyon mein, pelez ney apane saathi philipino kii raksha key liye bahut kaam kiya.
halanki yeh pahali baar gumnam roop seey mudrit kiya gayaa thaa, 1862 mein madrid mein prakaashit ack flyer jiska sheershak thaa "dastaavez mahatvapurna paira laa custian pendient sobre laa provision dee curatos aine philipinas" bhee unhein shreya diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh pelaaz bhee thaa jisane pahali baar phillippeans koo sandarbhit karane key liye pee "erla dee orient" shabd kaa upayog kiya thaa. ise baad mein jose rijal ney apani antim kavita mein aur rashtriya gaan dwara philipino mein aadhunik anuvaad mein lokpriya banaaya. iss shabd kaa upayog pahali baar 1855 mein "serman dee saine andress" naamak unake kaam mein kiya gayaa thaa.
pelez kii mrityu key saath, ack anya pujari ney aff. aar. key vyakti mein aatm-pehchaan key liye ladaai jaari rakhee. jose apollonio bergos (1837-1877). bergos ust mein pelez kaa chhaatr thaa. 1863 key ack bhookamp key baad, jisane unake shikshak kii zaan leey lii, unhone usa samay key philipino key khilaf niyamit pujaariyon kii bhaari aalochanaon kaa bachaav karane key liye "ghoshanapatra kyu aeye laa nobal nacione espanola dirigen loss leals philipinos" key saath madrid patrika "laa vardaad" koo shobha dee. vaha phillippeans sarkaar aur padanukram mein sudhaar key ahwan koo doharaane key liye "ell iko philipino" prakaashit karane mein bhee saksham they.
unaki anya ullekhaniya kritiyaan hain "merey magnum" (1851), "estado dee philipinas aeye laa legada dee loss aspenols" (1871 mein prakaashit lekin 1894 mein posthomestly prakaashit), "cncous vaaee costumbress dee loss philipinos" (1868), "quentos vaaee leandas philipinas" (1860), "aiss vardaad loss milagros" (1860) aur "loss rayus philipinos".
suez nahar key khulane key saath, kaee spaniard phillippeans mein aae. kuchh ney dweepon mein bhee adhyayan kiya, jinhone "laa oceania espanola", "ell comercio" aur "laa voz dee espana" jaise kuchh prakashanon koo janm diyaa.
rashtravadi munch (1883-1903).
videshi vanijya key liye phillippeans key bandargaahon key khulane, ack niryaat arthavyavastha mein sankraman, aur phillippeans aur spen key beach niyamit samudri maargon kii sthaapana ney phillippeans mein samajik aur aarthik parivartan laae. 19veen shatabdi key anta mein phillippeans key aarthik vikas seey labhanvit honey vaale adhik samriddh parivaaron ney apane bachchon koo spen aur europe bheja taaki usa samay kii udaarikrit spanish aupaniveshik neeti dwara unhein diye gaye shaikshik avsaron kaa laabh uthaaya jaa sakey. yeye shikshit yuva, jinhen "illustrados" bhee kahaa jaataa haye, baad mein apane logon kii shikayaton aur aakaankshaon key pravakta bunn gaye. way 1882 mein sthaapit madrid key "circulo hispano-philipino" key aspas ekatra hue, joe taba "association hispano-philipina" mein vikasit huaa, aur 1888 key baad seey inn yuvaaon ney prachaarvaadi iradon aur rashtravadi aakaankshaon key saath samachar patra "solidaridad" key liye likhana shuru curr diyaa. inmein seey kaee "illustrados" phillippeans kranti key naayak bhee they, joe spen seey phillippeans kii swatantrata aur sanyukt raajya america mein phillippeans key samarpan key saath samaapt huaa.
spanish mein philipino raashtravaad koo badhaava dene mein ack shaktishali upkaran 15 farwari, 1885 koo laa solidaridad (prachaar andolan key sadasyon dwara adhik pyaar seey "laa soul" kahaa jaataa haye) kii neenv thee. iss anga kii madad seey, philipino rashtriya naayak jaise jose rizzle, graciano lopez jenaa, marcello aich. dell piller, aadi. way apani bhaavanaon koo vyakt karane mein saksham they.
shayed, laa "soul" kaa sabse prasiddh sampaadak graciano lopez jenaa (1856-1896) haye. unaki kuchh adhik prasiddh kritiyon mein "frai botod" aur "laa hija dell fryle" shamil hain.
pedro paterno ney "laa patria", "ell libra", "soberania nacional" aur "asamble philipina" jaise kuchh samachar patra sthaapit karane kii bhee koshish kii. yeh aise outlet bhee bunn gaye jahan philipino spanish mein apane karyon koo prakaashit karane mein saksham they.
spanish mein philipino upanyaas kaafee durlabh hain. aur jose rizzle kii nolly mee tangere aur ell philibusterismo key alawa, paterno ney 1885 mein "ninay" naamak ack pahale kaa upanyaas prakaashit kiya. yeh kaam sthaaniya rung koo darshaata thaa aur una preranaon mein seey ack thaa jisane jose rizzle koo apana khud kaa likhane key liye prerit kiya.
nine" key alawa, paterno "donna perfecta" (1876), ack upanyaas; aur "sampaguita" (1880), kavitaon kaa ack sangrah; "laa antigua civilisian tagalog" (1887), "ell christianismo aine laa antigua civilisian tagalog" (1892), aur "laa family taigala aine laa historia universal", sabhi vivaran prakaashit karane mein saksham they.
yadi paterno duniya mein tagologue koo pesh karane mein saksham thaa, tou isabello dee loss rayus (samkaaleenon dwara pyaar seey "donn sambandhit" kahaa jaataa haye) ney ilocanos key liye bhee aisaa hii kiya.
1882 mein, donn ney apana "laa invasian dee limahong" prakaashit kiya. isase way patrakaarita kii duniya mein pravesh karane lagey, jisane unhein apane raashtravaad koo vyakt karane key liye aavashyak sabhi madhyam diye. unhone jinn samachar patron key liye kaam kiya unamen "ell diarrhoe dee manila", "laa oceania espanola", "rivista catolica", "ell progresso", "ell republicano" aur "ell heraldo" shamil they.
phillippeans mein shramikon key andolan key sansthaapak maane jaane vaale donn ney 1902 mein "laa activid dell obrero" kii sthaapana kii joe mazdoor varg kii mukhya aavaaj key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa. baad mein, unhone apane grihnagar mein catholic padanukram key durupyog key liye vidroh key roop mein iglesia philipina independent kii sthaapana kii. church kii neenv ilocano mein pavitra granthon key anuvaad mein mahatvapurna thee.
donn kii kuchh adhik prasiddh kritiyon mein "ell focalor philipino" (1889), "laas islas visaaya aine laa apoca dee laa conquista" (1889), "historia dee philipinas" (1889) aur "historia dee elocos" (1890) shamil hain.
iss yug mein jose rizzle, antonio luna, aduardo dee lette, emilio jacinto, jose palma, felip calderon aur apolinario mabini key kaam bhee dekhe gaye.
sebu mein, pahala spanish samachar patra, "ell boletin dee sebu", 1886 mein prakaashit huaa thaa.
swarn yug (1903-1966).
virodhabhasi roop seey, deshi philipino dwara spanish saahitya kaa sabse badaa hissa americi rashtramandal kaal key dauran likhaa gayaa thaa, kyonki philipino buddhijiviyon key beach spanish bhasha abhee bhee pramukh thee. desh key pramukh lekhakon mein seey ack, claro meyo recto ney 1960 taka spanish mein likhana jaari rakhaa. anya prasiddh spanish bhasha key lekhak, vishesh roop seey americi kaal key dauran francisco alonso lionson ("ell pasado kyu woelway", 1937), isidro marfori, cecilio apostole ("pentelicas", 1941), fernando maa they. guerrero (crycilidas, 1914), flavio zaragoza canoe (cantos aeye espana aur dee mcton aeye tirad) aur anya. manila, sebu, bacolore aur phillippeans key kaee anya shaharon aur kasbon mein spanish mein lekhakon kaa hissa thaa, jinamen seey adhikansh shatabdi key shuruati dashakon key dauran faley-phoole.
spanish mein prakaashit samachar patron mein "ell renacemiento", "laa democracy", "laa vanguardia", "ell pueblo dee ilo", "ell timpo" aur anya they. teen patrikaaen, "dha independent", "phillippeans free press" aur "phillippeans review" angreji aur spanish mein prakaashit huin.Â
1915 mein, sthaaniya samachar patron ney angreji mein aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad khandon koo prakaashit karna shuru kiya aur intramuro key vinash key kaaran jahaan hyspanic samudaay kaa ack badaa hissa adharit thaa, hispano-philipino saahitya mein girawat aaney luggy aur philipino lekhakon dwara spanish mein likhi gaee pustakon aur patrikaon kii sankhya mein bahut kamee aaee.
aadhunik kaary (1966-vartamaan).
haalaanki baad key varshon mein spanish mein phillippeans saahitya kaa utpaadan cumm hoe gayaa haye, phir bhee kuchh ullekhaniya lekhak hain, jaise jose dell maar, jinhone apane kaam key liye ack primeo zobel (zobel puraskar) jeetaa, 1965 mein "perfiles", francisco zaragoza (1914-1990), "castala intima" key lekhak, gillermo gomez rivera, spanish bhasha kii phillippeans akadami key akaadamik nideshak, admondo farolan, "rivista philipina" key nideshak aur 1982 mein apane kavita kaary "terrera primevara" yaa lauredracil casterillo brillants, ack pramukh philipino mahila lekhak, 80 ack delos premabelio (80 saal) key lekhak, spanish saahitya key ack sankalan key liye ack spanish puraskar.