
ack naam

vaa aine namus (vaau-aine-namas bhee likhaa jaataa haye) libya mein ack jwalamukhi haye. plistocene yaa holocene yug mein, yeh purvi fezaan kshetra mein sthit haye. vahaan aur door uttar mein all haruz mein jwalamukhi kii utpatti spasht naheen haye. radiometric detting seey lagbhag 200,000 varshon kii ayu praapt hui haye, lekin anya paristhitijanya sakshya holocene yaa aitihaasik samay key dauran jwalamukhi key gathan kii or ishara karate hain.
ack namus kii visheshta ack caldera haye joe gahare tefra key apron seey ghiraa huaa haye, joe sahaara key aspas key registani ilaake key liye ack ullekhaniya rung haye. ack chhota gaddha naav aur namas caldera key uttar-paschim mein sthit haye. caldera mein hii ack scoria shanku hotaa haye. kaee chhoti jheelen aur sambandhit vanaspati caldera key bheetar sthit hain.
naam.
jwalamukhi koo yuu aine namas, yuu aine namas, vaau-aine-namas aur vaau squire key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. iska arth haye "machharon kaa marudyan", joe isake aspas kii chhoti jheelon aur jwalamukhi mein jheelon dwara poshit naav mein maujood kaee machharon kaa sandarbh haye.
bhugol aur bhoo-aakriti vigyaan.
jwalamukhi purvi fezaan mein sahaara key bheetar sthit haye aur 1951 seey kuchh dashak pahale vaigyaanikon dwara isaki khoj kii gaee thee. kufra aur sebha key beach kaa kaarvaan maarg jwalamukhi seey gujarta haye. pracheen kabrein naav aine namus mein paaee gaee hain. jabaki nakhlistan kaa daura shayed charvaahon aur shikariyon dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur kachche maal kaa srot hoe sakata haye, yeh sthaan anyatha nirjan haye. naav key aspas key paridrishya koo "bahut sunder" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye aur kathit taur parr yeh ack paryatan lakshya haye lekin rasad key mudde aur libian grihyuddh iss kshetra taka pahunchana mushkil banaa dete hain.
naav ack namas ack, caldera haye, jisamen baahar kii or ack chhoti see raahat hoti haye lekin ander kii or ack seedha antar hotaa haye. isake nirmaan key dauran, chattanon key oopar seey visthaapit hoe gaye they. ack anya gaddha naav aur namas seey uttar-paschim mein sthit haye. vaha vayu ativyaapi gaddhon seey banaa thaa jisamen koee jwalamukhiya chattaanen naheen hain aur jinhone namkeen mitty kaa utpaadan kiya haye; yeh uttejak gatividhi aur jwalamukhiya apghat kaa ack sthal hoe sakata haye. caldera mein raakh key bhandar aur kuchh tealey hotey hain, lekin naliyon key saath ack aardr kshetra bhee hotaa haye.
caldera key bheetar ack, scoria shanku haye joe ack, crater key saath pretomagmatic samagri seey nirmit haye. ack aur gaddha, joe abb avasheshon mein cumm hoe gayaa haye, shanku key shikhar gaddhe key paschim mein sthit haye. shanku koo guliyon dwara sanshodhit kiya gayaa haye.
basaltic sanrachana key gahare rung key tefra ney caldera key aspas registan kii rait koo dafan curr diyaa haye, jisake parinamswarup bahut chamkili registani rait key vipareet ack vishisht rung haye. iss vipareetata koo antariksh mein bunny chhaviyon parr bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye. tefra mein jwalamukhiya raakh aur lepili hoti haye aur lagbhag ack satah koo dhakti haye. laharen tefra seey banati hain, joe isake paschimi bhaag mein mitty key pravaah seey ack saath pakati hain. tefra jamaa stareekrit haye, jiska arth haye kii yeh ack seey adhik visfoton seey utpann huaa thaa. vyaparik havaaon ney dakshin-paschim kii or tefra koo udaa diyaa haye, aur jwalamukhiya samagri seey bunny badee sankhya mein megaripal caldera key ander aur baahar donon jagah hoti hain.
jheelen.
caldera key bheetar bhee teen chhoti jheelen aur atirikt chhote jall nikaay hain, joe ack saath kendriya shanku key uttari, purvi aur dakshini kinaaron key aspas ack ardhvritt banaate hain. jheelon mein seey ack scoria shanku key uttar mein, doosara dakshin-poorv aur dakshin mein aur teesara dakshin-paschim mein haye. inn jheelon kii kull satah koo cover karati haye aur sabse badee jheel kaa satah kshetra gaharaai key saath haye, jabaki inn jall nikaayon mein seey sabse gahara satah kii gaharaai taka pahunchata haye. jall satah samudra tala seey oopar kii oonchaai taka pahunch jaati haye, haalaanki mausami bhinnataon key kaaran kabhi-kabhi jheel sookhane lagati haye. yeye jheelen, jinamen seey kuchh laal rung kii hain, naav koo ack bahurangi roop detee hain.
jheelen shayed bhujal seey poshit hain, kyonki iss kshetra mein vashpikaran bahut adhik varsha kartaa haye, jheelon mein prati varsh lagbhag paani khou jaataa haye. taaje paani key jharane jheelon koo poshan dete hain. 1951 mein cumm seey cumm ack jall nikaay taaja bataaya gayaa thaa jabaki anya germ aur khaara hain. deuterium isotope anupaat vishleshan ingit kartaa haye kii naav mein paani haal kaa paani haye, nishchit roop seey 8,000 varshon seey adhik haal kaa.
bhoovigyaan.
naav ack alag jwalamukhi haye. uttar mein basaltic sanrachana key laava pravaah aur haruz jwalamukhiya kshetra, jiska ack namus kabhi-kabhi ack hissa maanaa jaataa haye. yeye sahaara mein kaee badey lekin cumm gyaat jwalamukhiya kshetron mein seey kewal dou hain. sahaara mein jwalamukhi kii vyakhya karane key liye kaee siddhanton kaa prastaav kiya gayaa haye, jaise kii africa aur europe key beach takkar seey pracheen crustle lineaments koo sakriya karna; vau aine namas key mamle mein magma lagbhag gaharaai mein aavaran mein utpann hue.
naav key aspas kaa ilaka chaturthak talchhat seey dhakaa huaa haye. jwalamukhi key neeche kaa tehkhana kristaliya haye, aur badale mein choona patthar, maarl aur nubian balua patthar seey dhakaa huaa haye.
scoria mein kshaaryukt besault kii pehchaan kii gaee haye, aur foidite kii ghatana kii soochana dee gaee haye. inn chattanon key bheetar nihit khanijon mein appetite, clinopyroxin, magnetite, nephelin aur olivin aur kabhi-kabhi melilite aur sodalite shamil hain. chattanon mein harzberghite, lerzolite aur peridotite key zenolith hotey hain. sulfur scoria shanku key gaddhe key bheetar hotaa haye, saath hii saath safed jamaa joe alunite dwara banaae jaa sakate hain.
jalavaayu.
naav ack namus sahaara registan kaa hissa haye, joe duniya key sabse badey aur sabse sookhe registanon mein seey ack haye, halanki isake kuchh hisse ateet mein geele they. sahaara key kuchh hisson mein poori shatabdi key dauran kewal kuchh baar barish hui haye; ack namus parr sardiyon key dauran cumm varsha hoti haye. havaa sabse mahatvapurna mausam kaarak haye, joe anya sanrachanaon key beach vayu-pravaah aur teelon kaa nirmaan karati haye; naav mein yeh jyaadaatar poorvottar seey bahati haye aur kabhi-kabhi jwalamukhi key dakshin mein dhool key rakshason key saath hoti haye.
visfot itihas.
kendriya scoria shanku kewal kuchh hazaar saal purana hoe sakata haye, sambhavatah aitihaasik yug kaa bhee. shushk jalavaayu apani vaastavik ayu key baare mein gumrah curr sakati haye, kyonki registan mein bahut cumm kataav hotaa haye. praarambhik bhoogarbhiya adhyayanon ney 800-1,000 varsh seey cumm ayu kaa anuman lagaaya. scoria shanku seey namkeen mitty aur chattaanen footin aur mukhya vaa key uttar-paschim mein ack namas caldera koo antim pluvial key baad rakhaa gayaa hoga. vau aine namas caldera sahaara mein ack holocene jall nikasi pranali koo kaatata haye aur vau aine namas mein navpashan kalakritiyon kaa koee saboot naheen haye, joe jwalamukhi key haal key mool kaa samarthan kartaa haye.
radiometric detting chattanon key liye ack vishvasaniya ayu dene mein whiffle rahee; kewal 690,000 ± 1,100,000 varsh pahale kii ack aspasht ayu praapt kii gaee thee. baad mein potasium-argan detting seey kendriya shanku seey judey laava bumm key liye 200,000 ± 9,000 saal kii umr praapt hui, aur vaishvik jwalamukhi karyakram ack namus koo kaatane key liye ack pleastocene yug nirdhaarit kartaa haye. germ jharane naav mein sakriya hotey hain aur salfaryukt paani kaa utpaadan karate hain.
jeev vigyaan.
babool, khajur, doom paam, aur tamarisk ("tamarics tetragyna" sahit) caldera key bheetar badhate hain, saath hii saath vibhinn degree taka daldali vanaspati bhee. sabse badee jheel kaa hissa oonche star taka nalsiyon ("fragmit australis" sahit) seey dhakaa huaa haye; khaari jheel key aspas bhee chhote nalas aur tamarisk ugate hain.
pashu jeevan mein jaleey pakshi, makkhiyan aur machchar shamil hain. oesis mein ack samriddh pakshi jeevan haye; pakshiyon mein batakh "enas clypeta" (uttari shaller), "enas craca" (eurasian teal), "enas strepra" (gadwall), saath hii "acrocephalus skirpace" (eurasian reed warbler), "anthus servinus" (laal-galey vaali pipit), "anthus pretensis" (mido pipit), "bubulcus ibis" (paschimi maveshi aggret), "corvus ruficolis" (bhoore-galey vaale reven), "falco biarmicus" (lanner falcon), "fulika etra" (eurasian), "chloros" (eurasian reed warbler), "anthus servinus" (eurasian reed warbler), "anthus pretensis" (mido pipit), "bubulcus ibis" (paschimi maveshi aggret), "corvus ruficolis" (braun-neck reven), "phaal kuchh pravaasi pakshi sambhavatah sardiyon key samay mein naav kaa upayog karate hain. sookshmajeevon mein, sinophysi, dietum aur harey shaiwal jheel key paani mein paae jaate hain.

