
malitoa lupepa

susuga malitoa lapepa (1841-22 agast 1898) 19veen shatabdi key anta mein samoa key shaasak (malitoa) they.
vyaktigat jeevan.
laupepa kaa janm 1841 mein sapali, sawai, samoa mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa malitoa mollie they aur maan pha 'lataua fuatino sue' apiya theen. unakaa paalan-poshan maali mein huaa thaa, unhone malua madarse mein dhaarmik shiksha praapt kii thee aur way ack dharmanishth isai key roop mein jaane jaate they. vaha maali key maanyata praapt netaa they joe mukhya roop seey uttari tumasaga mein sthit thaa. laupepa ney palauli, sawai kii neevaai kii betty siswai malupo seey apani shaadi key madhyam seey palauli (savaai parr ekmatra mahatvapurna maali samarthan aadhar) key saath sambandh majboot kiye. iss vivaah key dou bete they, tanumphili aur silivaai, aur betty faa 'amuluatovao.
jaba lagbhag 20 saal key they, tou way malitoa tanumphili aaee bunn gaye aur anya shaadiyan keen. ack betty thee joe saitaua naam kii thee aur solosolo key leota laiefi seey shaadi kii thee. leepa aur lefaga key fuaalemaalo fumuina fiam letutua johnson seey unaki shaadi seey unaki dou betiyaan theen; taa 'seey aur famusamy. famusamy ney matafa fiam fumuina mulinu aaee seey shaadi kii aur taas ney maali key ainu 'yuu maulaivao taasi tupau seey shaadi kii aur sapali, savaai. aur laupepa ney baad mein ack mukhya rasoiye dweep parivaar kii tuee ariki naamak ack rarotongan mahila seey shaadi kii. 1892 mein laupepa ney paschimi samoa, upolu mein figla key sansthaapak ghar kaa daura kiya.
juuna 1894 mein, laupepa aur unake bete maali dwiteeya donon ney lagbhag 1,000 purushon kii ack senaa resiment key saath lalovi, mulifanua mein baad key dinn key sant missionaryon key saath daura kiya. missionaryon ney laupepa koo "ack bahut hii sukhad boodhe sajjan" key roop mein varnit kiya, lagbhag 5 '9 "aur 180 pound joe" gahari baas aavaaj "mein bolate they. jaba vaha chaalees key dashak mein they, taba laupepa ney mutter paaramparik taitu praapt karane key liye anushthaan kiye.
sainya aur raajneetik abhiyaan.
laupepa ney apane poore jeevan mein isai dharm key apane bhakt peshe koo banaae rakhaa, halanki vaha teji seey aakramak hoe gaye kyonki unhein apane yuddhapriya chaacha talavou key khilaf satta sangharsh mein dhakel diyaa gayaa thaa. laupepa koo apane saathi samoa seey saarvbhaumik samarthan naheen milaa aur unakaa yuddh record nirashajanak thaa; haalaanki, unhone kuchh ladaaiyaan jeeti aur khud koo taaj pahanaaya aur baad mein 1881 mein sanyukt-raajaa, upa-raajaa (talavou key tahat) aur samoa key ekmatra raajaa key roop mein padchyut karane mein kamyab rahey.
churchward (84) ney darj kiya kii "ellis samooh", jise abb tuvalu dweepon key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, koo malua dharamshastriya mahavidyalaya key laupepa key sahyogiyon mein seey ack dwara "aupchaarik roop seey malitoa key naam seey samoa seey jodaa gayaa thaa. 22 agast, 1898 koo apani mrityu seey pahale, laupepa videshi vanijya dooton kaa samarthan praapt karane mein kamyab rahey, lekin yuddh mein lagaatar parajit honey aur antatah marshel dweepon mein nirvaasit honey key baad unhein kaee samoa logon kii najaron mein pratishtha aur vishvaas kaa bahut nuksan uthaana padaa thaa.
laupepa key paas ack "bahumulya samoai yuddh club" thaa-shayed ack malitoa parivaar anawa viraasat-jise unhone americi vanijya doot villium churchill koo diyaa thaa. iss club kii maang bernis pee dwara kii gaee thee. 1897 mein bishap sangrahalaya, lekin churchill (sorenson aind droux 2005) dwara naheen chhoda gayaa thaa.
lupepa, saa tupua aur videshi sarkaaren.
march 1881 mein german samrajya, americi aur british vanijya dutaavaason dwara laupepa koo samoa kaa raajaa ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. dilchasp roop seey, atua aur aaa 'anaa kii tumua rajneeti ney laupepa koo raajaa key roop mein sweekaar naheen kiya (bhale hii unhone pahale unhein malitoa talaavo tonumaipe key khilaf samarthan diyaa thaa) aur baad mein unhone tuatua tupua tamasi titama key saath leolega mein apani sarkaar sthaapit kii. tamasi aur laupepa key beach yuddh ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 12 julaai, 1881 koo hastaaksharit abhaav samjhaute ney ack asahaj shaanti banaae rakhee. yeh sandhi, us nevi capton jey dwara madhyasthata kii gaee.aich. gillis ney simhaasan parr lappa key daave koo barkarar rakhaa aur upa-raajaa key roop mein titima aur pradhaan (keysing 1934:68) key roop mein matafa eosepho kaa naam rakhaa. raajaa laupepa ney 1883 mein aur phir (dou baar) navambar 1884 mein grate britten kii raani victoria koo sanrakshan key liye yachika daayar karke samoai rajneeti aur samoai sarkaar mein badhate german hastakshep kaa virodh kiya. jaba german vanijya doot webber koo yachikaon key baare mein pataa chalaa tou unhone laupepa aur unake pramukhon koo apiya seey nishkaasit curr diyaa. german vanijya doot stewbell ney disambar 1885 mein laupepa key raajatva parr apana prabhutva sthaapit kiya jaba unhone apiya (gillson 1970) mein laupepa key aadhar seey rashtriya dhwaj koo hataane kaa adesh diyaa. german vanijya doot ney tuiya tuaa tamasi koo laupepa key karyalaya mein rakhaa aur phir bhee 1887 mein saa malitoa aur saa tapua key beach ack aur yuddh shuru huaa. jile aur parivaar aksar vibhajit yaa tatasth rahey kyonki kaee pramukh pramukh donon kulon seey sambandhit they.
7 janwari, 1887 koo havaai samrajya key raajaa kalkau seey laupepa koo ack pratinidhi mandal praapt huaa.
iska netritva johnn edward busch ney kiya thaa, aur usee dinn oceania key starr key shaahi adesh key maanad sammaan grand cross seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. prastaavit polynesian samrajya key liye raajya key pramukhon key liye adesh abhee banaaya gayaa thaa.
17 farwari, 1887 koo, laupepa ney apani sarkaar koo havaai raajya key saath jodane key liye sangh key vilekh parr hastakshar kiye. havaai loga europeeya logon kii tulanaa mein samoai rajneeti koo behtar samajhate prateet hotey they kyonki unhone anya tamaiga key hastakshar bhee maange they, lekin germans ney matafa aur tupua tamasi koo dastaavez koo satyaapit karane seey roque diyaa. laupepa ney havaai pratinidhi mandal kii kalah kii sarahana naheen kii, lekin unhein ummeed thee kii polynesian sangh samone uddeshya key liye honth seva seey adhik pradaan karega. havaai samrajya seey samarthan kabhi bhee sakar naheen huaa aur laupepa koo antatah agast mein german samarthit saa tupua senaa dwara chhipaaya gayaa thaa. lopepa aur unake kuchh pramukh pramukhon ney khud koo german adhikaariyon mein badalane seey pahale kaee hafton taka kabja karane seey bachaa. german kaptan usen brandes ney 15 sitambar, 1887 (gray 78-79) koo titima koo samoa key raajaa key roop mein aupchaarik roop seey maanyata dene key liye laupepa aur anya logon koo majboor kiya aur phir 17 sitambar, 1887 koo laupepa koo nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa. 
germans ney, taimua aur feepul key saath, tupua tamases koo samoa kaa raajaa ghoshit kiya aur agast 1888 taka tamases khud koo malitoa aur tafafa donon kaha rhaa thaa. unhone malitoa parivaaron koo gambhir roop seey naraj kiya kyonki vaastav mein unhone malitoa khitaab naheen jeetaa thaa. unhone apane liye malitoa parivaar key achche-mait ikattha karke aur upman kiya. matafa eosepho, joe vaastavik they aur isi tarah tamasi key dussahasi daave parr naraz they. nirvaasan mein laupepa key saath saa malitoa koo ack baar phir vibhajit curr diyaa gayaa thaa kii malitoa parivaaron kaa sahee pratinidhitva kise karna chaahiye. kuchh logon kaa maanana thaa kii tamasi kaa malitoa parr daavaa vaidh thaa; anya logon ney mahsoos kiya kii faa 'alatataua (talaavau kaa betaa) sahee saao thaa; anya logon ney maanaa kii matafa eosepho vaidh davedar thaa. matafa eosepho [faife 'auo] antatah malitoa khitaab sangharsh mein sabse aage aae aur unhone 1888 yaa 1889 mein malitoa khitaab praapt kiya.
maataa 'faa-jinhen faa' alatataua aur saa talavou gutt dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa-agast 1888 mein malitoa sahyogiyon koo phir seey ekjut karane mein kamyab rahey aur unakaa netritva tamasi titema key khilaf kiya. matafa key logon ney tamasi koo raajaa key roop mein maanyata dene seey incar curr diyaa, vishesh roop seey manono aur apolima. jawab mein, german bandukdhari aiss. aim. aiss. adler ney 5 sitambar, 1888 (sorenson aind therox 2005) koo manono aur apolima parr hamla kiya, teen dinn pahale matafa eosepho koo feleula mein samoa kaa raajaa ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. sitambar key madhya mein, matafa kii senaaon ney tamasi kii atua senaa koo vayala seey matafagtel (vaimauga, tuwamasaga) taka bhagaa diyaa aur raat key lagbhag 10 baje (tuwale 45) ladaai jeet lii. 20 sitambar koo sawai dweep parr satupaitiya key malitoa sahyogiyon ney chhaapa maaraa aur ack 'aanaa kii rajdhani lulumoyega koo dhwast curr diyaa aur mataf key senaaon ney lulumoyega kii jeet key ack maheene key bheetar satpuala, falesiu, fasito' ootaa aur ack 'aanaa key anya kshetron mein gaanvon aur baganon koo jalaa diyaa. atua key logon ney usee bhaagya kaa anubhav kiya jaba manono aur faasalega key nae navinikrit matafa-malitoa bede ney faalefaa, falepuna, lufilufi aur salufata mein tamasi key sahyogiyon key tateey gaanvon parr aakraman kiya. farwari 1889 taka matafa kii niji senaa lagbhag 6,000 yoddhaon taka badh gaee thee.
malitoa lupepa aur matafa eosepho.
sabse pahale, germany ney matafa eosepho koo shaasak key roop mein maanyata dene seey incar curr diyaa, bhale hii samoa key logon ney unhein apane raajaa aur itumo key netaa key roop mein maanyata dee. isake bajaay, germany, britten aur sanyukt raajya america ney 14 juuna, 1889 koo berlin key samanya adhiniyam parr hastakshar kiye, jisane ack baar phir laupepa raajaa ghoshit kiya, bhale hii vaha abhee bhee nirvaasan mein thaa (bewan 118).
jaba 8 navambar, 1889 koo laupepa samoa laute, tou unhone upaadhi aur karyalaya key liye matafa key adhikaar koo sweekaar kiya, joe yuddh aur logon kii sahamati donon key madhyam seey praapt kiya gayaa thaa. shaanti ack samay key liye maujood thee aur donon purushon koo malitoa khitaabdhaarakon aur rashtriya netaaon key roop mein sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, laupepa koo jald hii unake mukhya sahyogiyon dwara usa raajatva koo phir seey hassil karane key liye aashvast kiya gayaa, joe videshi shaktiyon aur berlin sandhi ney unhein aavantit kiya thaa. 4 disambar, 1889 koo, lepia, faleta aur lapepa key samarthakon (kaee tutuila pramukhon sahit) mein ack "phono" (samoa netaaon kii paaramparik parishad) aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen unhein samoa kaa raajaa ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. iss ghoshana ney saa-malitoa key ack aur vibhajan kaa netritva kiya, iss baar laupepa-saa-maali aur matafa-saa-talaavau key beach. 
saa talaavau kii manjuri key tahat, matafa ney 31 maee 1891 koo malitoa pramukhon kii paaramparik sarkari seat maali mein khud koo sthaapit karke laupepa aur saa maali koo chunauti dee. laupepa aur unake samarthak mulinu parr kabja karane key liye chaley gaye, jahaan laupepa kii sarkaar kaa mukhyalaya thaa. baad key dinon kii sant missionary patrikaon seey pataa chalata haye kii purvi upolu (ātua) kaa samarthan maali mein matafa (joe iss samay taka tuiya thaa) key peechhe khadaa thaa aur saikadon loga apani sahaayata pradaan karane key liye aaa rahey they. 28 octuber, 1892 koo laupepa key liye samarthan kaa ack samaan pradarshan dekhaa gayaa thaa jaba "sou naukaaen" sainya samarthan aur praavdhaanon key saath mulinu mein aaeen. malitoa lapepa antatah aprail 1893 key anta mein maali seey matafa koo hataane mein safal rhaa. matafa phir manono mein "ghar sthaapit kiya" jahaan unhein 'oh' sheershak key madhyam seey "taamaa saa" naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jise malitoa (tamasi 1995beeh 71) key sheershak key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
1893 key baad key yuddh mein usa varsh julaai mein malitoa lapepa ney jeet hassil kii aur matafa aur anya ullekhaniya netaaon koo usa varsh 26 julaai koo jaloot, marshel dweepon mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa (keysing 1934:72). bhale hii matafa koo nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin joe gutt laupepa parr unakaa paksh lete they, way raajaa laupepa key virodh mein baney rahey. malitoa faa 'alatatoua ney apane sahayogi, matafa kii anupasthiti mein saa talaavau kaa poorna netritva grahan kiya. malitoa key roop mein maataa 'faa kii manjuri koo ack apavitra karane key anushthaan key madhyam seey "dhoya" gayaa thaa aur sheershak taba saa talaavau (malitoa faa' alatataua key peechhe) aur saa mollie (malitoa laupepa key netritva mein) key beach vivaad mein parh gayaa.
charles morris woodford disambar 1894 seey sitambar 1895 taka apiya mein karyavahak british vanijya doot aur upaayukt they. unakaa lakshya samoa koo grate britten dwara kabja karane key liye thaa, halanki americi vanijya doot, jey. aeye. mulligan, tupua tamasi lilophio-aaa 'anaa (tupua tamasi lilofi aaee) kaa samarthan curr rhaa thaa. woodford ney 1895 mein laupepa aur lilofi-oh-aaa 'anaa key beach ack sulah baithak kii vyavastha kii.
malitoa lapepa-aur-22 agast, 1898 kii subah 10 baje mrityu hoe gaee aur unake bete malitoa tanumphili aaee ney unakaa uttaradhikari banaa. laupepa kii mrityu key baad samoa mein sthiti aur bigad gaee, jisase doosara samoa grihyuddh huaa.

