
niyantran grid

niyantran grid ack electrode haye jiska upayog tribhuj, tetrode aur pentode jaise thermionic valve (vacuum tube) koo badhaane mein kiya jaataa haye, jiska upayog cathode seey anode (plate) electrode mein electrons key pravaah koo niyantrit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. niyantran grid mein aamtaur parr ack belnakar screen yaa cathode key chaaron or maheen taar kaa helix hotaa haye, aur yeh anode seey ghiraa hotaa haye. niyantran grid kaa aavishkaar lii dee forrest dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone 1906 mein pahali pravardhit vacuum tube, audian (triode) banaane key liye fleaming walve (thermionic diode) mein ack grid jodaa thaa.
operation.
ack valve mein, germ cathode nakaratmak roop seey aaveshit electrons kaa utsarjan kartaa haye, joe anode kii or aakarshit hotey hain aur usa parr kabja curr lete hain, jise bijli kii aapoorti dwara ack sakaratmak voltage diyaa jaataa haye. cathode aur anode key beach niyantran grid anode taka pahunchane vaale electrons key pravaah koo niyantrit karane key liye ack "gett" key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. grid parr adhik nakaratmak voltage electrons koo vaapas cathode kii or peechhe hataa dega taaki cumm anode taka pahunch sakein. grid parr cumm nakaratmak yaa sakaratmak voltage adhik electrons koo pravaahit karane kii anumati dega, jisase anode dhaara badhegi. grid voltage mein diye gaye parivartan seey plate current mein aanupaatik parivartan hotaa haye, isaliye yadi grid parr samay-parivartan voltage lagu kiya jaataa haye, tou plate current tarang roop lagu grid voltage kii ack prati hogi. 
niyantran grid parr voltage mein apekshaakrit chhoti bhinnata anode current mein kaafee badee bhinnata kaa kaaran banati haye. anode paripath mein ack pratirodhak kii upasthiti anode parr voltage mein ack badee bhinnata kaa kaaran banati haye. anode voltage mein bhinnata grid voltage mein bhinnata seey bahut badee hoe sakati haye joe isake kaaran hoti haye, aur iss prakaar tube ack emplifier key roop mein kaam karate hue pravardhit curr sakati haye.
nirmaan.
pahale tride valve mein grid mein filament aur anode key beach rakhe gaye taar kaa ack zig-zaig tukada shamil thaa. yeh jaldi seey ack ekal taar filament (yaa baad mein, ack belnakar cathode) aur ack belnakar anode key beach rakhe gaye maheen taar key ack helix yaa belnakar screen mein vikasit huaa. grid aamtaur parr ack bahut hii patale taar seey banaa hotaa haye joe uchch tapman kaa pratirodh curr sakata haye aur swayam electrons key utsarjan key liye pravan naheen hotaa haye. soney kii parat key saath molybdenum mishra dhaatu kaa aksar upayog kiya jaataa haye. ise naram tambe key sidepost parr ghaav kiya jaataa haye, jinhen grid winding parr rakhaa jaataa haye taaki unhein jagah-jagah pakad sakein. 1950 key dashak kii bhinnata frame grid haye, joe ack kathor muhar vaale dhaatu key frame parr bahut maheen taar chalaata haye. yeh bahut nikat sahansheelata koo pakadane kii anumati detaa haye, isaliye grid koo filament (yaa cathode) key karib rakhaa jaa sakata haye.
grid sthiti kaa prabhaav.
anode key saapeksh filament/cathode key karib niyantran grid koo rakhane seey, ack adhik pravardhan parinam milata haye. pravardhan kii iss degree koo valve detta sheet mein pravardhan kaarak, yaa "myu" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. isake parinamswarup uchch parchalakta bhee hoti haye, joe anode dhaara parivartan banaam grid voltage parivartan kaa ack upaay haye. ack valve kaa shore kaa aankada isake paarchaalak key vipareet aanupaatik hotaa haye; uchch paarchaalak kaa matlab aam taur parr cumm shore kaa aankada hotaa haye. radio yaa television receiver design karate samay cumm shore bahut mahatvapurna hoe sakata haye.
ekaadhik niyantran grid.
ack valve mein ack seey adhik niyantran grid hoe sakate hain. hexode mein dou aise grid hotey hain, ack praapt sanket key liye aur ack sthaaniya ausilator seey sanket key liye. valve kii antarnihit gair-raikhikta naa kewal anode circuit mein donon mool sanketon koo dikhaai detee haye, balki una sanketon kaa yog aur antar bhee hoti haye. iska upayog superheterodine receivers mein aavritti-parivartak key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
grid bhinnataaen.
niyantran grid kii ack bhinnata ack parivartaniya pitch key saath helix kaa utpaadan karna haye. yeh parinami valve koo ack alag gair-raikhik visheshta detaa haye. iska aksar aar mein upayog kiya jaataa haye.aff. pravardhak jahan grid purvagrah kaa parivartan parasparik chaalakta koo badal detaa haye aur isaliye upkaran kaa laabh. yeh bhinnata aamtaur parr valve key pentode roop mein dikhaai detee haye, jahaan ise taba ack charr-muu pentode yaa remot-cutoff pentode kahaa jaataa haye.
triode valve kii pramukh seemaon mein seey ack yeh haye kii grid aur anode (kaig) key beach kaafee kshamata haye. miller prabhaav key roop mein jaani jaane vaali ack ghatana ack emplifier key input capacitance koo kaig aur valve key amplification factor kaa utpaad banaati haye. yeh, aur ack emplifier kii asthirta jisamen tune kiye gaye input aur output key saath kaig badaa honey parr oopari sanchaalan aavritti koo gambhir roop seey seemit curr sakata haye. inn prabhaavon koo ack screen grid key judane seey door kiya jaa sakata haye, halanki tube yug key baad key varshon mein, nirmaan takneekon koo vikasit kiya gayaa thaa joe iss 'parjivi dhaarita' koo itna cumm curr detee thee kii oopari bahut uchch aavritti (vhf) baind mein kaam karane vaale trides sambhav hoe gaye. mullard ee. see. 91 250 megahertz taka sanchaalit thaa. ee. see. 91 kii anode-grid kshamata koo nirmaata key saahitya mein 2.5 pee. aff. key roop mein uddhrit kiya gayaa haye, joe usa yug key kaee anya trikoniya kii tulanaa mein adhik haye, jabaki 1920 key dashak key kaee trikoniya mein aise aankade they joe sakhti seey tulaniya they, isaliye iss kshetra mein koee pragati naheen thee. haalaanki, 1920 key dashak key shuruati screen-grid tetrodes mein kewal 1 yaa 2 ff kaa kaig hotaa haye, joe lagbhag ack hazaar gunaa cumm hotaa haye. 'aadhunik' pentode mein kaig key tulaniya moolya hotey hain. tribhuj kaa upayog 'grounded-grid' vinyas mein vhf emplifiers mein kiya gayaa thaa, ack paripath vyavastha joe miller pratikriya koo rokti haye.

