havaa kii kiran

ack hawadar kiran, ack prasaar aparivartaniya tarang haye jisaki mukhya teevrata khand ack ghumaavdaar paravalayik prakshepavakra key saath failati haye jabaki gadbadi (swa-upchaar) key liye lachila hoti haye.
bhautik vivaran.
ack aadarsh hawadar kiran kaa ack cross section pramukh teevrata key kshetra koo prakat karega, jisamen nikatvarti, cumm chamakdaar kshetron kii ack shrinkhala anant taka peechhe haye. vaastav mein, beam koo ack seemit sanrachana key liye kaataa jaataa haye.
jaise hii kiran failati haye, yeh vikshepit naheen hoti haye, i.ee., failata naheen haye. hawadar kiran mein bhee swatantra roop seey gati badhaane kii visheshta haye. jaise-jaise yeh failata haye, yeh ack paravalayik chaap banaane key liye jhukata haye.
itihas.
hawadar kiran" shabd hawadar samakalan seey nikla haye, jise 1830 key dashak mein surr george bidel air dwara indradhanush mein dikhaai dene vaale optical castics kii vyakhya karane key liye vikasit kiya gayaa thaa.
havaa kii tarang koo pahali baar 1979 mein aim dwara siddhaantit kiya gayaa thaa. vee. berry aur nander ell. balaz. unhone schroedinger sameekaran key liye ack gair-prasaar vayu tarang paiket samadhan kaa pradarshan kiya.
2007 mein kendriya florida vishvavidyalaya (sanyukt raajya america) key shodhkarta pahali baar ack aur dou-ayami vinyas donon mein ack hawadar kiran banaane aur avalokan karane mein saksham they. team key sadasya georgios sivologlo, johnn brokey, aristide dogariu aur demetrios christodolids they.
ack-ayam mein, vayu kiran mukt-kann schroedinger sameekaran (yaa 2d paraxial tarang sameekaran) kaa ekmatra sateek roop seey aakar-sanrakshan twaran samadhan haye. haalaanki, dou aayamon (yaa 3 dee paraxial system) mein, dou alag karane yogya samadhan sambhav hainh dou ayami vayu kiranen aur twarankari paravalayik kiranen. isake alawa, yeh dikhaaya gayaa haye kii vaastavik rekha parr kissy bhee kaary koo ack alag anuprasth aakar key saath ack twaran kiran key liye mapp kiya jaa sakata haye.
2009 mein, pavia vishvavidyalaya aur ll 'akvila vishvavidyalaya (itali) kii ack sanyukt team dwara samagri mein pahali baar "hawadar" beemon koo tej karate hue dekhaa gayaa haye, vishesh roop seey optical gair-raikhik vyavhaar key saath ack pranali, team key sadasya jacopo paravicini, paolo minzioni, vittoriyo digio (pavia seey), aur eugenio delre (ll' akvila seey) they. baad mein, iss tarah key beam kii jaanch 2011 aur 2012 mein mukhya roop seey kendriya florida vishvavidyalaya kii teams dwara kii gaee haye. baad mein, anya prakaar key samikaranon jaise kii helmholtz sameekaran, maxwell key samikaranon key liye hawadar kiranon kaa pradarshan kiya gayaa haye. twaran ack cartasian nirdeshank key bajaay ack radial key saath bhee hoe sakata haye, joe kii golakar-dayeri achaanak autofocusing tarangon aur manmaane (gair-paravalayik) castics key liye unake vistaar kaa mamla haye. gair-sajaatiya aavart pranaliyon key liye bhee twaran sambhav haye. input tarang key saavdhaanipoorvak engineering key saath, prakaash koo una media mein manmaane prakshepavakra key saath gati dene key liye banaaya jaa sakata haye joe asatat yaa nirantar aavadhikta rakhate hain. 
2018 mein, vaigyaanikon ney satah gurutvaakarshan jall-tarangon key anuroop pranali mein vayu kiranon key ghana charan kaa nirdhaaran kiya. ack baahari hydrodynamic raikhik kshamata kaa upayog karke, way hawadar kiran analogue koo cumm karane aur hawadar kiran key swayam-twaran vaale saamane koo rokane mein bhee saksham they.
ganitiya vivaran.
sambhaavit mukt schroedinger sameekaranah
nimnalikhit hawadar twaran samadhan haih
sootra _ 2
kahaan
yeh samadhan ack paravalayik twaran frame mein gair-vikshepan haye. vaastav mein koee ack samanvaya parivartan curr sakata haye aur ack hawadar sameekaran praapt curr sakata haye. nae nirdeshank mein sameekaran koo vayu falan dwara hull kiya jaataa haye.
prayogaatmak avalokan.
georgios civilioglo, aur anya. 2007 mein safaltapurvak ack hawadar kiran banaai gaee. ack gossian vitaran key saath ack kiran koo ack sthaanik prakaash modulator dwara ack hawadar vitaran key liye sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. parinam ack see. see. dee. cameray dwara record kiya gayaa thaa.
sanshodhit hawadar beam.
ksheenan-kshatipurti.
beemon koo nuksan hoe sakata haye kyonki way samagri key madhyam seey yatra karate hain joe beam kii teevrata koo cumm curr dega. gair-vikshepan (yaa prasaar-invariant) beemon key liye ack samanya guna, jaise kii hawadar beam aur besal beam, beam kii anya visheshtaon koo mahatvapurna roop seey badale binaa beam kii anudairdhya teevrata lifafe koo niyantrit karane kii kshamata haye. iska upayog hawadar beam banaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye joe yatra karate samay teevrata mein badhate hain aur nuksan kaa mukabala karane key liye upayog kiya jaa sakata haye, isaliye nirantar teevrata kii beam banaae rakhate hue yeh failata haye. laukik kshetra mein, ack anuroop sanshodhit failaav-mukt ksheenan-kshatipurti vayu-adharit ("rockett") puls pahale prastaavit aur pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa, jise media key nuksan kii bharpai key liye design kiya gayaa thaa kyonki yeh failaav media key madhyam seey failata haye.
anuprayog.
optical trapping aur herfer.
sent vishvavidyalaya key shodhkarta. andreau ney chhote kanon koo herfer karane key liye hawadar beam kaa upayog kiya haye, unhein vakron key saath aur konon key aspas leey jaate hain. iska upayog microfluidic engineering aur koshika jeev vigyaan jaise kshetron mein hoe sakata haye. 
aff dwara mahatvapurna saiddhaantik kaary bhee kiye gaye hain.jee. mitri aur unake sahayogi donon prakashiki aur dhwaniki mein, aur sambandhit karyon koo inn sandarbhon mein paaya jaa sakata haih vayu dhwanik-sheet spinner chimte; seemit asmamit videshi beemon kii dhwanikih vayu aur aanshik besal beam key udaaharan; samaayojit sadish vayu-prakaash-patrak mein ack upa-tarang dairdhya avashoshak gole koo kheenchana aur ulatana; samayojya sadish vayu-prakaash-patrak ekal prakaash-chakatteh ack upa-tarang dairdhya golakar aur spin toqa ulat parr nakaratmak vikiran bull; ack raikhik dhruvikrit vayu-prakaash-patrak dwara prakaashit manmaane aakar key ack dielectric gole parr prakaashik vikiran bull; ack raikhik-dhruvikrit vayu-patrak dwara prakaashit manmaane aakar key ack avashoshak dielectric gole parr prakaashik toqa; ack golakar vayu-dhruvikrit prakaash-patrak dwara ack upa-tarang dairdhya avashoshak gole kaa kheenchana aur palatana; ekal optical chakatteh ack upa-tarang dairdhya golakar aur spin toqa ulat; ack raikhik dhruvikrit vayu-patrak dwara prakaashit ack manmaane aakar key ack avashoshak dielectric gole parr prakaashik vikiran bull; ack raikhik-dhruvikrit
imaging aur microscopy.
sent vishvavidyalaya key shodhkarta. andreau ney prakaash-patrak sookshmadarshi mein uchch akshiya contrast banaae rakhate hue dekhane key ack badey kshetra (fove) koo banaane key liye havaa vaale beam kaa upayog kiya haye. iss takneek koo javic namoonon key bheetar adhik gaharaai parr imaging praapt karane key liye bahu-photon uttejana aur ksheenan-pratipoorak vayu kiranon kaa upayog karane key liye anukoolit kiya gayaa haye.
micro-machining.
crate vishvavidyalaya key shodhkartaon dwara dou-ayami, golakar-dayeri tarangon kaa utpaadan karane key liye vayu tarang paiket kii twarit aur vivartan-mukt visheshtaon kaa bhee upayog kiya gayaa haye, jinhen achaanak-swachaalit beam kahaa jaataa haye. yeye beam ack lakshya seey kuchh samay pahale achaanak dhyaan kendrit karate hain, jabaki prachaarit path key saath ack sthir aur cumm teevrata profile banaae rakhate hain aur lazer microfabrication yaa chikitsa lazer upchaar mein upayogi hoe sakate hain.

