
swello aur amezan shrinkhala

svelos aind amezan" shrinkhala angreji lekhak arther ransam key baarah bachchon key saahasik upanyason kii ack shrinkhala haye. yuddh key beach kii avadhi mein sthaapit, upanyason mein bachchon dwara saamoohik romanch shamil hain, mukhya roop seey school kii chhuttiyon mein aur mukhya roop seey ingland mein. way baahari gatividhiyon, vishesh roop seey naukaayan key ird-gird ghoomate hain. saahityik aalochak peater hunt kaa maanana haye kii isane "british saahitya koo badal diyaa, chhuttiyon key baare mein ack poori peedhi key drishtikon koo prabhaavit kiya, angreji jheel jile kii rashtriya chhavi banaane mein madad kii aur shaastriya british bachchon key lekhakon kii chuninda soochi mein arther random kaa naam jodaa."yeh shrinkhala lokpriya bunny hui haye aur jheel jile aur naa hii lock chaudi jagahon parr jaane key liye prerit karati haye, jahaan kaee pustaken sett kii gaee hain. 
firauti key kaam kaa adhyayan karane aur badhaava dene key liye kaee samaaj hain, vishesh roop seey iss shrinkhala mein. sabse pahala japan mein arther random club thaa. british-adharit arther random society kii ack antarrashtriya sadasyata haye.
avalokan.
shrinkhala kii shuruat 1930 mein prakaashit "swello aur amezan" seey hoti haye. landan key paidal chalane vaale bachche, school kii chhuttiyon mein ack jheel key kinare key khet mein rahate hue, "swello" naamak ack dingi mein suffer karate hain, jabaki vipareet tata parr rahane vaali sthaaniya blacket ladkiyon kaa naam "amezan" hotaa haye. paidal chalane vaale khud koo khojkartaon key roop mein dekhate hain, jabaki blacket khud koo samudri daku ghoshit karate hain. way jheel key ack dweep parr takaraate hain, dost banaate hain, aur romanch kii ack shrinkhala hoti haye joe graameen ingland mein samudri dakuon kii kahaaniyon aur rosemarra kii jindagi mein anveshan karati haye. baad key romanch mein, bachche bhoomikaaen badal dete hain aur khojkarta yaa khanik bunn jaate hain. "sheetkaleen avkash" (1933) mein way dick aur dorothea collum ("dee. aiss") seey milate hain, isi umr key bhaai-bahan bhee iss kshetra mein aatey hain. dick ack vaigyaanik banane kii ichcha rakhta haye, dorothea ack lekhak.
dou pustakon mein binaa swello yaa amezan key collum hainh "coat club" aur "bigg six". way sateek roop seey kheenche gaye norphoke chaude ilaakon mein sthaapit hain, vishesh roop seey horning key chhote seey gaanv aur isake paani vaale parivesh mein. dou anya pustaken nadee yaa kuein key chaaron or goode aur goode mein sthaapit hain; ack mein uttari samudra key paar neetherland kii anaichhik yatra shamil haye. dou pustaken, "peater duck" aur "misasi lii", aur sambhavatah "grate northern?", kaalpanik hainh nayakon kii videshi bhoomi kii yaatraon kii kaalpanik kahaaniyan, jaisa kii swayam kalpana kii gaee haye.
pramukh paatr.
swello" key chaalak dall mein bhaai-bahan johnn, susan, tiety aur roser walker hain. johnn, sabse badaa, kaptan hotaa haye aur aamtaur parr prabhaari hotaa haye. susan pahali saathi haye, joe lagbhag ack surrogate maan key roop mein, dukaanon, khaana pakaane aur samanya chaalak dall kii bhalai kaa prabhaari haye. tite (1890 mein prakaashit joseph jacobs kii purani angreji pariyon kii kahaaniyon mein purry kathaa "tite mouse aur tatty mouse" seey vyutpann ack upnaam) "saksham navik" aur sabse kalpanashil sadasya haye. vaha aksar apane swayam key romanch koo darshaati haye, jabaki upanyason mein ack naayak bunn jaati haye, udaaharan key liye, "swello aur amezan" mein "yuddh" jeetkar yaa "kabootar post" mein ack bhoomigat vasant dhundhkar. roser sabse cumm umr kaa haye, mool roop seey jahaaj kaa ladka haye, lekin baad mein saksham navik key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa. unaki sabse chhoti bahan brijet (mool roop seey vriddhavastha mein raani victoria kii tasveeron seey samaantaa key kaaran "viki" upnaam diyaa gayaa thaa; upnaam baad kii kitaabon mein chhod diyaa gayaa haye kyonki vaha apani samaantaa khou detee haye) bhee "gupt paani" mein chaalak dall mein shamil hoe jaati haye. pahale upanyaas mein roser saat saal kii haye aur brijet kaa doosara janmadin haye. jaba vaha ack poorna charitra bunn jaati haye tou dulhan jaldi seey chhah saal kii hoe jaati haye.
amezan" key chaalak dall mein bahan nancy aur pegi blacket hain. nancy-joe apane bapatisma key naam koo nirdayi bataati haye kyonki usake chaacha ney kahaa haye kii samudri dakuon koo nirdayi maanaa jaataa haye-ack majboot charitra haye jise ack tomboy key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. unake bhaashan mein kaee samudri aur samudri daku shabd shamil hain. vaha aksar donon dall kaa netritva karati haye. pegi (asli naam margaret) ney nainsi key roop mein kathin honey kaa pradarshan kiya haye, lekin aksar adhik khatarnak romanch seey gujarane key liye usey protsaahan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. vaha aandhi seey darti haye.
bhaai aur bahan dick aur dorothea (dott) collum koo chauthi pustak, "winter holiday" mein pesh kiya gayaa haye. way buddhijivi hain-vigyaan key mamalon mein nipun, kalaa mein nipun. collum baad mein apani khud kii ack dingi, "scarab" praapt karate hain. swalo shuru mein dott key baare mein ashcharya karate hain "ack khagolvid kaafee upayogi hoe sakata haye... lekin vaha kyaa karane jaa rahee haye? (yeh baat sunein.) haalaanki, way dick kii skating seey prabhaavit hainh "vaha skate curr sakata haye... kissy bhee cheez kii tarah.
collum "sheetkaleen avkash" mein unake prakat honey key baad ack alag sthaan aur paatron key samooh kaa link hain. nimnalikhit dou pustaken, (coat club aur bigg six), norphoke broad mein sett kii gaee hain, jahan way coat club key sadasyon seey milate hainh tomm dozen; judvaan, port aur starboard; aur bill, joe aur pett, naav nirmaataon key teen bete. unhein mrityu aur mahima key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
kuchh apvaadon key saath, paatron kii sateek ayu naheen bataai gaee haye. pahali pustak mein way saat seey lagbhag 12 seey 14 (johnn aur nancy) taka chalate hain. jaise-jaise shrinkhala aage badhati haye sabhi paatron kii umr badhati haye; antim pustak pahale key teen seey chaar saal baad aatee haye. (neeche samayrekha dekhein.) shrinkhala mein ullikhit kewal dou tithiyon mein ack visangati haye. pahale varsh mein 1929 bataaya gayaa haye, jabaki doosari pustak, "svelodel", joe ack saal baad honey vaali haye, varsh koo 1931 bataati haye. doosari visangati yeh haye kii jabaki pahale upanyaas mein brijet kewal dou saal kii haye, vaha "gupt jall" key samay taka chaar saal seey adhik kii hoe gaee haye.
jabaki sabhi pustakon mein yuva nayakon parr jore diyaa gayaa haye, kaee aam taur parr paropkari vayask dikhaai dete hain. sabse pramukh hain blacket bahanon key chaacha zim turner, jinhen "treasure eyeland" mein ack charitra key baad bachchon dwara capton flint kahaa jaataa haye, aur "coat club" mein shrimati barrable. ack dardanaak sharmile bhoovigyaani, timothi steading koo bhee bachche "kabootar post" mein sweekaar karate hain aur unake romanch mein shamil kiya jaataa haye. vaha "chitron aur shahidon" mein phir seey dikhaai detaa haye.
setting.
swello aur amezan" shrinkhala kaa vaastavik duniya key saath majboot sambandh haye. paatron aur sthitiyon mein vyaapak tatvon kaa pataa firauti key jeevan kii ghatnaaon seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye aur sateek sambandhon key baare mein bahut charcha aur siddhant key liye kachcha maal haye. yeh pramanikta kii havaa mein dridhata seey yogdan detaa haye.
pahali pustak, "svelos aind amazons", aur chaar seekwal-"svelodel", "winter holiday", "kabootar post" aur "dha picts aind dha shahidon"-angreji jheel jile mein ack anaam jheel mein aur usake aspas sthaapit hain. uttar mein adhikansh adhure "coat" bhee jheel parr sthaapit kiye gaye hotey, aggar firauti ney apani mrityu seey pahale ise puuraa curr liya hotaa. jheel aur aspas kii khaadi windermere aur coniston paani koo milaati haye, jahan renome ney apane bachpan aur baad key jeevan kaa adhikansh samay bitaaya. pustakon mein kaee sthaanon koo vaastavik sthaanon key saath pahachaana jaa sakata haye, halanki ronsome ney apani kaalpanik setting key nirmaan mein samagr sthaan koo sanshodhit kiya haye. jheel kaa bhugol aam taur parr windermere jaisa dikhta haye (halanki jangli billi dweep mein shankusthaliya jall mein chhilka dweep key kaee tatva hain) jabaki ghaat aur aspas kii pahaadiyaan shankusthaliya kshetra seey adhik nikatata seey milati-julati hain.
"coat club" aur "bigg six" sateek roop seey pratinidhitva kiye gaye norphoke chaude sthaanon mein sett kiye gaye hain, vishesh roop seey horning key chhote gaanv aur isake aspas kii nadiyon aur chaude kshetron mein. "uttar mein coat" bhee uttar mein jheel kii or badhane seey pahale chaudi jagahon seey shuru hotaa haye.
"hamara matlab samudra mein jaanaa naheen thaa" aur "gupt jall" tateey suffock aur assex mein sett kiya gayaa haye, jisamen poorv mein ack anaichhik, kabhi-kabhi nadee yaa kuein parr pinn mill seey laker neetherland mein flushing taka kii bhayaanak yatra shamil haye, aur baad mein walton-onn-dha-nez key paas hamford key dweepon kii khoj.
"peater duck" aur "misasi lii" mein schooner "jangli billi" kii carribean aur dakshin chean samudra kii yaatraaen shamil hain. yeye kahaaniyan baaki shrinkhala key sambandh mein kaalpanik prateet hoti hain, aur mool roop seey bachchon dwara likhi gaee kahaaniyon key roop mein (neeche dekhein) firauti dwara yojana banaai gaee thee. haalaanki, antim prakaashit kritiyon koo shrinkhala mein kewal romanch key roop mein prastut kiya jaataa haye, halanki kaee tarikon seey alag haye. sabse spasht haye kii adhik bhaya aur hinsa kaa samavesh aur yeh tathya kii vistaarit yaatraon ney bachchon koo asweekarya roop seey lambe samay taka school seey hataa diyaa hoga. donon pustakon koo unake sheershak prishthon parr "swello aur amezan dwara pradaan kii gaee jaankaari key aadhar parr" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, ack vivaran joe baaki shrinkhala seey anupasthit haye.
peater duck" (jise "unaki apani kahani" kahaa jaataa haye) key dou parityakt adhyaay leads vishvavidyalaya mein brotherton pustakalaya mein aayojit random key kagjat mein paae gaye they. way "peater duck" kii kahani kaa varnan karate hain jise "swello aur amezan" mein varnit ghatnaaon key baad sardiyon key dauran norphoke broad mein ack cherry parr chalane vaalon aur blacket dwara banaaya jaataa haye. iss ghatana koo baad mein "svelodel" mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin "peater duck" mein naheen.
antim poorna pustak, "mahaan uttari?", scotland key paschimi tata seey door baahari sankar mein sthaapit haye. ise kabhi-kabhi "peater duck" aur "misasi lii" key saath metafictional key roop mein shamil kiya jaataa haye, kyonki kahani mein ghonsale key mausam key dauran bachchon koo school seey door rehna shamil hotaa haye, joe kii samay key anusaar hotaa haye. isake alawa, agneyastron kaa upayog, halanki kathaanak key bheetar uchit haye, baaki shrinkhalaon mein adhik shantipurna romanch key saath vipareet prateet hotaa haye. miles north, pakshi vigyaani, jinhone mool roop seey ack nae upanyaas key aadhar key roop mein firauti dene kii sajish kaa sujhaav diyaa thaa, ney shuru mein ise prastaavit kiya thaa, jisamen "jangli billi" kii yatra phir seey prishthabhoomi pradaan karati haye. haalaanki, ranom ney jawab mein likhaa kii vaha "romantic kahaaniyon aur vaastavik kahaaniyon" key beach spasht antar banaae rakhna chaahte they, aur unhone "mahaan uttari" key liye "yathaarthvaadi upchaar" kaa faisala kiya thaa?".
samayrekha.
nimnalikhit aarekh shrinkhala mein pustakon kii nihit samayrekha koo darshaata haye. praarambhik shabd pratyek pustak key sheershak key liye ack sankshipt naam kaa sanket dete hain, ee.jee. "saa" swello aur amezan haye; "peedi" peater duck haye, aur isi tarah.
chitra.
swello aur amezan shrinkhala key vartamaan sanskaranon mein swayam key dwara banaae gaye chitra hain. svelos aind amezan" kaa pahala sanskaran lagbhag binaa chitron key prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. steven spariyar dwara unake prakaashak jonathan cape dwara banaae gaye chitron koo firauti dene vaale koo itna napsand kiya gayaa kii pahale sanskaran mein kewal jheel kaa antim kagaj maanchitra aur jangli billi dweep kaa maanchitra thaa. dusare sanskaran key liye, clifford web koo chitron kaa utpaadan karane key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, jise firauti seey asweekriti millie. web ney "svelodel" koo bhee chitrit kiya, lekin random ney faisala kiya kii vaha vyaktigat roop seey teesari pustak, "peater duck" koo chitrit karenge. choonki yeh pustak bachchon dwara swayam pradaan kii gaee jaankaari parr adharit thee, isaliye firauti ney chitron koo paatron dwara kiye gaye chitron key roop mein chitrit kiya. yeye chitra itane lokpriya they kii unaki shesh pustakon koo khud hii chitrit kiya gayaa. 1938 mein, unhone web key sthaan parr "swello aur amezan" aur "svelodel" key liye apani tasveeren kheenchi.
renome key chitra binaa kissy rung key kalam aur syaahi mein banaae gaye they, halanki baad key sanskaranon mein kuchh prakashakon dwara rung jode gaye hain. aam taur parr, chitron mein aakritiyaan peechhe seey dikhaai jaati hain, halanki kuchh paatron key chehare dikhaai dete hain. tucky altaunian, una bachchon mein sabse purana, jinhen "swello aur amezan" kaa pahala sanskaran samarpit kiya gayaa thaa, yaad karate hain kii firauti "chitrakaari key chehare koo hilaati haye aur baalon yaa topi key jhunjhuni sir key peechhe key drishyon key saath kathinaaee seey uber jaati haye."
swaagat.
chhathi pustak, "kabootar post" ney juuna 1937 mein pustakalaya sangh seey udghaatan kaarnegi padak jeetaa, ise ack british vishay dwara 1936 kii sarvshreshth bachchon kii pustak key roop mein maanyata dee. jey key baad key maheene mein "dha newyork times" mein isaki sameeksha kii gaee thee. bee. lippinkot aind koo. philadelphia ney pahala yuu prakaashit kiya.aiss. sanskaran. elen luis buel ney chhah saal purani shrinkhala mein navintam kaam kaa swaagat kiya jisane dridhata seey "kishore saahitya mein ack vishesh sthaan" sthaapit kiya thaa. unhone bachchon kii "jeevant saamoohik kalpana" koo nott kiya jisane khel koo gambhir vyavasaay mein badal diyaa "(moors parr ack soney kii khadaan kaa shikaar karna) aur kahaa," yeh iss bhavna kaa chitran haye joe khel koo hatash lekin anandadayak gambhirta kaa vishay banaata haye joe shree koo unaki vishisht chhaap detaa haye. muktidata kii kitaaben... kyonki vaha yuvaaon kii poore dill kii bhavna koo samajhata haye, vaha ack kshanik prayog curr sakata haye, jaise kii yuva roser kaa bhaaratiya scout kaam, vaastavik rahasya key saath."
aalochanatmak tippaniyan durlabh rahee hain. bachchon key lekhak eleanor leone, scotland key paschimi tata parr sahsi yuva bhaai-bahanon kii ack jodee key baare mein apani shrinkhala mein pahali pustak key punarmudran key liye ack aatmakathaatmak parichay mein, "swello aur amezan" mein paatron koo napsand mahsoos karate hain joe naukaayan jaisi cheejon mein bahut achche hain. maine socha kii merey aise bachche honge joe galat hoe gaye lekin kissy tarah butch gaye."
anukoolan.
1963 mein, bee. bee. see. ney ack television shrinkhala dikhaai jisamen susan george ney "kitty" key roop mein abhinay kiya (tite seey badalkar ronsome kii majboot napsand mein). chhah bhaagon vaali shrinkhala sitambar-octuber 1963 mein prasaarit kii gaee thee.
1974 mein, ammy ney "svelos aind amazons" key ack film sanskaran kaa nirmaan kiya, jisamen virginia mackena aur ronald fraser ney abhinay kiya.
1984 mein, bee. bee. see. ney dou nock-sett kahaaniyon, "coat club" aur "dha bigg six" koo television key liye anukoolit kiya, jiska sheershak thaa "hamesha key liye nigalana aur amezan!"
2010 mein, shrinkhala mein pahali pustak kaa ack munch sangeet sanskaran bristol old wick mein banaaya gayaa thaa, jise helen admondson dwara neel hannon dwara sangeet key saath anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa, aur tomm morris dwara nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa. show kaa daura kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen landan key west aind mein ack karyakal bhee shamil thaa.
svelos aind amezan" kaa ack film sanskaran, joe kii harber pictures aur bee. bee. see. filmon dwara banaaya gayaa thaa, 19 agast 2016 koo united kingdam mein release kiya gayaa thaa. 1963 key sanskaran kii tarah, film charitra kaa naam badalati haye, iss baar mool purry-kahani key naamon koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue "tatty" curr dee gaee haye.
2018 mein broyney lavery dwara shrinkhala kaa ack munch roopaantaran storyhouse, chester mein khola gayaa.

