
haptstad

haptstad ack shahari yojana thee jise british vastukar ellison aur peater smithson ney hangerian vastukar peater sigmund kii sahaayata seey taiyar kiya thaa. yeh design swayam 1957 kii haptstad berlin pratiyogita mein kaee vastukaron kii pravishtiyon kaa hissa thaa. vastukala key prati iska punarjeevit drishtikon, vishesh roop seey parivahan aur gatishilata key vichaar key prati isake drishtikon mein, ise yuddh key baad kii avadhi mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika detaa haye.
itihas.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad germany kii tabahi key baad, desh koo uthal-puthal aur punarnirmaan kii ack lambi avadhi kaa saamana karna padaa. 1957 mein, paschim germany kii sarkaar ney vibhajit shahar koo ekjut karane key prayaas mein purvi germany seey sambandhit khandon sahit berlin key kendra key punarnirmaan key liye ack vaastushilp pratiyogita aayojit karane kaa nirnay liya. smithson ney iss avsar parr apani vastukala kaa vistaar iss ummeed mein kiya kii way automobile key vipareet paidal chalane vaalon parr dhyaan kendrit karane mein shahar key vichaar mein kranti laane mein saksham honge.
vastukala.
haptstad key liye yojana key bheetar nihit adhikansh awas sanrachanaaen una logon key liye theen jinhen smithson ney apani golden laine pariyojana key liye banaaya thaa. iss tarah seey berlin key kendra kaa nirmaan karke, yeh golden laine design key madhyam seey saral vistaar kii anumati dega. iss nirmaan kaa upayog karate hue, imaaraten kendriya core seey koshikaon mein nikalengi. cellular sanrachana key alawa, yojana koo aapas mein buni hui paraton key saath bhee banaaya jaanaa thaa; shahari yojana kii yeh vidhi ack lokpriya team 10 vichaar thee jise mait-building key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa jise candillis-josic-woods kii vastukala firm dwara berlin pariyojana key mukt vishvavidyalaya mein bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye. aisaa karate hue, haptstad koo badalane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, joe swayam ack jeevit, saans lene vaale jeev kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. smithsons ney swayam iss drishtikon aur isake cellular design key sambandh mein kahaa thaa kii yeh "parivartan kii bhavna kii anumati dega, taaki imaaraten, sadaken aur sevaaen samagr roop seey vikas seey samjhauta kiye binaa apane swayam key kaanoonon key anusaar swatantra roop seey vikasit hoe sakein." 
kaary.
haptstad koo vibhinn galiyaron mein vibhajit kiya jaanaa thaa, jinamen seey pratyek alag-alag kaary key saath thaa. ack taraf shahar koo gherate hue "karyalayon aur thoke gharon kii cheeni deewaar" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, joe chean kii mahaan deewaar seey apana naam praapt kartaa thaa. yojana key kendra mein sabse badaa hissa "vaanijyik shahar" thaa, jisamen sabse adhik sankhya mein paidal chalane vaale galiyaron key saath-saath kharidari kendra bhee they. iss kshetra taka isaki seema parr parking sanrachanaon aur unake baad key escalators key madhyam seey pahuncha jaa sakega joe khud galiyaron kii or jaate hain. kharidari kshetron key alawa, iss kendriya kshetra mein ack badaa vrittakar "praudyogiki sangrahalaya" hoga joe prabandhan key kendra key roop mein bhee kaary karega. vaanijyik shahar" seey satey chhote hisson mein sarkari ghar aur mantralaya kii imaaraten isaki paridhi key saath bindidar theen. anta mein ack prashaasnik kshetra ney apani alag parking sanrachanaon key saath yojana key sabse daahine taraf kaam kiya.
gatishilata.
haptstad koo shahar key vichaar koo vyakti key sambandh mein ack nae star parr leey jaanaa thaa. lii carbusier kii shally koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, yojana koo iss tarah seey design kiya gayaa thaa kii alag-alag paidal yatri aur automobile galiyare honge, jisase kissy bhee vyakti koo kabhi bhee ack seey adhik baar ack hii cheez kaa anubhav naheen hoga, jeevan key swachaalan seey door. iss sthaan kaa anubhav kiya jaanaa thaa, jisase isake nivaasiyon koo kull milakar upayog mein aasaani key madhyam seey naee aur romanchak cheejon kaa saamana karane kaa adhik mauka milata thaa. footpath koo sadak seey alag karke, loga vaahanon key darr key binaa paidal chala sakate they aur chalakon key liye isake vipareet. sadak star seey paidal chalane vaale galiyare taka pahunchane key liye escalator kaa upayog kiya jaanaa thaa. yeh dohri parat takneek oopari star parr shahar key avasheshon parr jore dene key liye thee, jabaki abhee bhee naee sanrachanaon koo banaae rakhate hue.

