
ellis vee. sanyukt raajya america (1969)

ellis vee. sanyukt raajya america, 416 aff. 2dee 791 (dee.see. sir. 1969), sanyukt raajya appeal adalat, kolambiya circuit key jile dwara 1969 mein taya kiya gayaa ack mamla haye. isane paanchven sanshodhan key aadhar parr gawahi dene seey ack gawah key incar key sawal koo sambodhit kiya. adalat ney nishkarsh nikala kii jaba ack gair-doshi gawah jisane ack bhavya juurii key samaksh swechha seey gawahi dekar aur apane visheshaadhikaar key gyaan key saath apane paanchven sanshodhan visheshaadhikaar koo maaf curr diyaa haye, tou unaki chhoot grand juurii dwara vaapas kiye gaye abhiyog key aadhar parr baad key mukadame taka faili hui haye joe unaki gawahi sunata haye.
aparaadh.
1 agast, 1967 kii madhyaraatri key aspas, kolambiya jile mein, pulis adhikaariyon ney isard, jackson aur james aich naam key teen sandigdhon koo giraftar kiya. ellis, junier. baad vaale dou molotov cocktail leey jaa rahey they. chautha sandigdh, alfred aim. watkins bhaag gaye lekin baad mein unhein hirasat mein leey liya gayaa.
mool mukadame key grand juurii key saamane isard kii gawahi key anusaar, ellis ney ack chattan key saath ack khidki koo toda diyaa thaa, jackson ney phir khidki seey dou molotov cocktail fenke they, aur watkins ney phir ack teesara molotov cocktail fenka thaa, jisase dukaan mein aag lugg gaee thee.
chaaron logon ney taba ack aur aag lagaane key iraade seey chhah aur molotov cocktail banaae they, lekin pulis ney aisaa karane seey pahale hii hastakshep curr diyaa.
mukadama.
mool mukadame mein, ellis aur watkins koo aagajani aur ack ghaatak hathiyar rakhane kaa doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa.
appeal karein.
apeelkarta, ellis aur watkins ney kolambiya jilaa kii appeal adalat mein ack appeal daayar kii. 13 disambar, 1968 koo yeh tark diyaa gayaa thaa aur 30 aprail, 1969 koo nirnay liya gayaa thaa. nyayadhish johnn aeye they. danhar, jey. scaley raait, aur harold leventhal.
apeelkartaon kaa tark.
ellis aur watkins ney apeeliya star parr iss aadhar parr ulatafer kii maang kii kii mukadame key nyayadhish ney isard kii gawahi mein galati kii thee. pahale tou, aatm-aparaadh key khilaf apane adhikaar kii salah diye jaane key baad, isard ney gawahi dene seey incar curr diyaa thaa, lekin abhiyojak ney aagrah kiya thaa kii isard koo gawahi dene key liye majboor kiya jaae, yeh dekhate hue kii usane grand juurii key saamane apane visheshaadhikaar koo maaf curr diyaa thaa aur tark diyaa thaa kii aggar isard ney record key liye apani gawahi koo dohraya tou koee purvagrah naheen hoe sakata thaa. nyayadhish ney iss tark koo khariz karate hue kii grand juurii key samaksh visheshaadhikaar kii chhoot baad kii kaaryavaahi key liye bhee lagu hoti haye, "marfi v" key aadhar parr nishkarsh nikala. waterfront commission, "kii isard kii gawahi koo majboor naa karane kaa koee kaaran naheen thaa.
faisala.
leventhal, danahar key sahmat honey key saath, pareekshan nyayadhish key faisale koo ulatane seey incar curr diyaa, kyonki halanki nyayadhish, unake vichaar mein, "marfi" kaa hawala dekar galati curr chuke they, lekin isard koo gawahi dene key liye majboor karane kaa unakaa nirnay iss aadhar parr tikaau thaa kii isard ney pahale hii grand juurii key saamane gawahi dey dee thee.
leventhal kii raay.
leventhal ney maanaa kii mukadame key nyayadhish ney "marfi vee" key aadhar parr isard koo gawahi dene kii aavashyakta mein galati kii thee. waterfront commission, "aur abhiyojak key iss tark koo khariz karane mein bhee galati kii thee kii mukadame mein visheshaadhikaar key daave koo isard kii swaichhik grand juurii gawahi key maddenajar khariz kiya jaa sakata haye. jabaki "marfi" ney gawah kii raksha kii, leventhal key anusaar, trial jaj kaa faisala "ack paripatra, aatm-poorna bhavishyavani" key barabar thaa joe prabhaavi roop seey "pratiraksha kaa anudan" kaa gathan kartaa thaa joe "nyaayik pradhikaran key dayare seey baahar thaa.aage, leventhal ney kahaa, apeelkartaon ney mool nyayadhish key faisale key vipareet, nyayadhish key visheshaadhikaar key hadapane parr apatti jataai.
leventhal ney nyaayik praant key bheetar rahane key liye nyayadhishon parr sakht sanyam kii aavashyakta parr jore diyaa.jabaki ack prativaadi, ack niyam key roop mein," ack gawah key visheshaadhikaar key dayare parr ack galat faisale kii shikayat karane key liye khadaa naheen haye ", ack prativaadi" shikayat curr sakata haye kii usaki doshasiddhi ack aise mamle mein praapt kii gaee thee jahaan pareekshan nyayadhish ack gawah koo pratiraksha dene key liye apane nyaayik praant key baahar gayaa thaa.iss daave key samarthan mein, leventhal ney" "bairo banaam. jackson aur griswold vee. connect karein.
leventhal ney apani sthiti kaa saransh yeh kahate hue diyaa kii "ack gawah joe swechha seey aatm-aparaadh key khilaf visheshaadhikaar kaa ahwan kiye binaa ack bhavya juurii key samaksh gawahi detaa haye, jisake baare mein usey salah dee gaee haye, visheshaadhikaar koo maaf curr detaa haye aur usake baad jaba usey mahaa-juurii dwara vaapas kiye gaye abhiyog parr mukadame mein gawah key roop mein gawahi dene key liye bulaaya jaataa haye, jahaan gawah prativaadi naheen haye, yaa abhiyog key tahat haye, tou vaha iska daavaa naheen curr sakata haye."
danhar kii sahamati/asahamati.
nyayadhish danaer ney nyayadhish leventhal kii raay key bhaag see mein sahamati vyakt kii, iss baat seey sahmat hue kii ellis aur watkins key doshasiddhi kii pushti kii jaani chaahiye, lekin unaki raay key bhaag aeye aur bee mein leventhal dwara kiye gaye isard key baare mein diye gaye bayanon seey asahmat they. danahar ney likhaa, "aagajani key aparaadh mein ack saathi key roop mein, inn apeelkartaon key saath una ghatnaaon mein seedhe bhaag lete hue joe unaki ashanka aur doshasiddhi kii or leey jaati hain", danhar ney likhaa, "isard koo gawahi dene kaa saarvajanik kartavya denaa haye joe sarkaar key adhikaar kshetra key bheetar pratyek vyakti koo karna haye.danahar ney iss baat parr bhee jore diyaa kii yeh koee galati naheen thee, balki apeelkarta jinhone ack shikayat darj karaai thee, prabhaavi roop seey daavaa karate hue kii" unake adhikaar unake adhikaar bunn gaye, aur unake adhikaaron key ullanghan key liye unaki doshasiddhi koo ulatane kii aavashyakta haye.yeh asweekarya thaa, danhar ney tark diyaa, kyonki" jahaan gawah paksh naheen haye, party visheshaadhikaar kaa daavaa naheen curr sakati haye aur naa hii ise overrulling mein adalat kii truti kaa laabh uthaa sakati haye."
raait kii asahamati.
nyayadhish danhar key vipareet, nyayadhish raait ney leventhal kii raay key bhaag aeye aur bee key saath sahamati vyakt kii, lekin bhaag see aur pushti key nirnay seey asahmat they. unakaa vichaar thaa kii "paanchvaan sanshodhan naa kewal prativaadi seey jabaran liye gaye sakshya parr abhiyojan key jokhim key khilaf raksha kartaa haye, balki saarvajanik aatm-aarop key apmaanjanak anushthaan seey door rahane kaa adhikaar bhee sthaapit kartaa haye.unhone ullman banaam parr ack asahamati mein nyaayamurti dugglus key bayaan kaa hawala diyaa. sanyukt raajya america, kii paanchvaan sanshodhan "sarkaar kii majburi key khilaf vyakti kii antaratma aur garima key saath-saath usaki suraksha aur suraksha kii raksha kartaa haye.yeh dekhate hue kii isard ney" "grand juurii sunavaai kii gopaniyata mein chup rahane key apane adhikaar koo maaf curr diyaa thaa" "lekin khuli adalat mein ise jore dekar kahaa, raait ney kahaa kii" "donon kaaryavaahi kii alag-alag paristhitiyaan unake nirnay koo poori tarah seey maanav garima key una vichaaron key sandarbh mein spasht karati hain jinhen paanchvaan sanshodhan aanshik roop seey raksha key liye banaaya gayaa thaa."

