
railway porter

ack kulee ack railway karmchari hotaa haye. ack kulee kii bhoomika railway stations parr yaatriyon kii sahaayata karna, aur saman aur parcel key loading, unloading aur vitaran koo sambhalana haye. sanyukt raajya america mein iss shabd kaa upayog pahale una karmchaariyon key liye kiya jaataa thaa joe sou rahee kaaron mein savaar yaatriyon kii dekhbhal karate they, ack upayog british yaa rashtramandal angreji key liye agyaat haye jahaan aise karmchaariyon koo "parichaarak" yaa "karbhari" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe gair-angreji bolane vaali europeeya train yatra mein anuvaad mein bhee aam hain.
yeh shabd lattin "portaire" seey nikla haye, jiska arth haye "leey jaanaa."isaliye, rail maarg key upayog mein, anya kartavyon key saath-saath kissy aise vyakti key liye aavedan joe yaatriyon kaa saman aur parcel leey jaataa haye.
itihas.
united kingdam.
adhikansh swatantra railway companiyon mein kanishth karmchaariyon key grade key roop mein praarambhik railway companiyon key yatayat vibhaag mein kuliyon kaa uday huaa. "station kuliyon" ney yaatriyon key saman koo sambhala, trains mein aaney-jaane vaale yaatriyon kii sahaayata kii, station aur usake platforms parr samanya safai kartavyon koo puuraa kiya, aur aksar tikat baadhaon aur booking karyalayon mein sahaayata kii kyonki way uchch grade kii or badh rahey they. "maal key kulee" (jise "parcel key kulee" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) parcel aur paik kiye gaye saamanon key sanchaalan mein kaam karate they, vishesh roop seey baaen saman karyalayon mein aur trains mein parcel vaine key sambandh mein.
adhikansh railway companiyon mein, kuliyon koo station karmchaariyon kaa sabse kanishth shreni kaa darja diyaa jaataa thaa, halanki kuchh companiyon mein "station laid" kii adhik kanishth sthiti hoti thee, joe aamtaur parr ack yuva akushal aur ayogya kishore dwara aayojit kii jaati thee, joe prashikshan key baad kuliyon kii bhoomika key liye ichchuk hotaa thaa.
ack vishisht carrier pragati mein ack kulee koo ack mukhya kulee banane key liye aage badhata dekhaa jaayega, phir ack tikat collector yaa booking clerk, joe badale mein sahayak station master yaa station master kii varishth bhoomikaon kaa netritva curr sakata haye. kuchh railway mein anya carrier pragati bhee aam thee. landan school off economics key shodh seey pataa chalaa haye (vishesh roop seey mahaan purvi railway key sandarbh mein) kii kaise victorian yug key anta mein rail signalling mein pragati ney kushal shramikon kii kamee kaa kaaran banaa, jisamen kaee akushal kulee porter signalman key liye aage badh rahey they, aur antatah signalman key roop mein arhata praapt curr rahey they.
haalaanki kuliyon koo paaramparik roop seey railway stations seey jodaa jaataa haye, lekin poorv-samooh aur badey chaar yug key british railway parr bhee "yatra karane vaale kuliyon" kii bhoomika maujood thee. yatri relgaadiyon key parcel kaaron mein yatra karane vaale kuliyon ney saman aur parcel kaa ayojan kiya taaki kissy bhee station parr aavashyak loga hamesha usa station parr pahunchane parr darwaaje key sabse karib rahein. yeh bhaari shaaririk shram thaa, lekin dusare vishva yuddh key dauran mahila shramikon dwara nibhai gaee bhoomikaon mein seey ack thee.
australia.
australia mein, ack railway kulee kii vibhinn bhoomikaaen theen, joe oopar varnit bhoomikaon key samaan theen. saman rakhane mein sahayak ack saman rakhane vaalaa, ack sanchaalan karane vaalaa, ack kulee, joe suraksha karyon mein sahayak hotaa haye, ack station porter joe samanya station kartavyon mein sahayak hotaa haye, aur jaisa kii british upayog mein ack laude porter ack junier station porter hotaa haye.
uttari america.
sanyukt raajya america aur kanada mein, "porter" shabd kaa itihas aur samkaaleen upayog baaki duniya kii tulanaa mein kuchh alag haye. 1960 key dashak mein sanyukt raajya america mein jaba taka algaav kaa prabhaav naheen padaa, taba taka kulee kaa kabja lagbhag african americi aur kaale kanadai purushon kaa vishesh praant thaa. yeh pullman company key pramukh george pullman kii grihyuddh neeti thee, joe ack vishal sambhaavit kaary bull mein upayog karna chaahte they joe gair-sanghikrit bhee thaa. yeh antatah ack key netritva mein sou rahey kaar kuliyon key bhaichare key sangathan key saath badal gayaa. phillip randolf. yaatriyon key saman koo unake berth yaa kamare mein leey jaane key alawa, kuliyon ney vyaktigat sevaaen bhee pradaan keen, jaise kii kapade dabana aur joote chamkana.
2019 mein, lekhak cecil foster ney "way mujhe george kahate hainh black train porters kii anakahi kahani aur aadhunik kanada kaa janm", black kanadai train porters key itihas kaa ack adhyayan, pustak prakaashit kii.
praarambhik ashwet kanadai nagrik adhikaar karyakarta, charles daniels ney 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein see. pee. aar. key liye ack kulee paryavekshak key roop mein kaam kiya. unhone 1914 mein 1000 dollar key liye ack bhedbhaav kaa mukadama shuru kiya jaba kailgari, alberta, kanada mein sherman grand theatre ney unaki twacha key rung key kaaran unake farsh key tikat kaa sammaan karane seey incar curr diyaa.
samkaaleen upayog.
united kingdam.
haalaanki kulee kii bhoomika kii utpatti united kingdam mein hui thee, aur railway rashtriyakaran key baad bhee jaari rahee, lekin 1970 key dashak taka yeh girawat mein chalaa gayaa, station paricharakon dwara samanya station kartavyon kii bhoomika key saath, aur saman leey jaane kii bhoomika koo kaafee hudd taka samaapt curr diyaa gayaa. haalaanki, haal key dinon mein, british rail key nijikaran key baad, kulee kii bhoomika ney seemit vaapsee kii haye, vishesh roop seey vyast shahar key stations aur stations parr, jisamen pargaman mein paryatakon aur chhuttiyon key liye jaane vaalon kii sankhya adhik haye.
bhaarat.
bhaarat mein laal-jackett vaale station kuliyon kaa upayog lagbhag sabhi stations parr kiya jaataa haye. halanki bhaaratiya railway key kuliyon koo bhaaratiya railway dwara seedhe niyukt naheen kiya jaataa haye, way kendriya roop seey prashikshit aur licenses praapt hain, joe bhaarat key rashtrapati key naam parr jaari licenses rakhate hain, aur unaki bhoomika koo saavdhaanipoorvak viniyamit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen sthaaniya sevaaen (jaise kuliyon key karyalaya, shauchalaya aur cantene) railway company dwara pradaan kii jaati hain. railway stations parr saman leey jaane kaa paaramparik kaam unaki bhoomika haye.
sanyukt raajya america.
sanyukt raajya america mein kulee shabd kaa kuchh alag arth thaa kii board trains mein yaatriyon kii dekhbhal karane vaale karmchari, vishesh roop seey sou rahee kaaron mein, ack bhoomika jise adhikansh anya deshon mein "karbhari" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. americi shabd abb aprachalit hoe gayaa haye, "parichar" koo prathamikta dee jaa rahee haye.