
vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan

vibhajan aur pool (vibhajan-mishran) sanshleshan sanyojan rasayan vigyaan mein ack vidhi haye jiska upayog sanyojan yaugik pustakalayon koo taiyar karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh ack charanbaddh, atyadhik kushal prakriya haye jise baar-baar chakron mein mahsoos kiya jaataa haye. prakriya seey laakhon yaa kharbon yaugikon koo mishran key roop mein taiyar karna sambhav hoe jaataa haye jiska upayog dawa anusandhaan mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
itihas.
paaramparik vidhiyon key anusaar, adhikansh carbonic yaugikon koo ack key baad ack sanyojan seey ack karke sanshleshit kiya jaataa haye. 1982 seey pahale koee bhee ack hii prakriya mein saikadon yaa hajaaron yaugikon koo banaane kaa sapana bhee naheen dekh rhaa thaa. laakhon yaa kharbon key baare mein naheen boll rhaa. isaliye pro. dwara aavishkaar kii gaee vibhajan aur pool vidhi kii utpaadaktaa. aaa. furka (atwass lorand vishvavidyalaya kaa sabse badaa hangri), 1982 mein pahali nazar mein avishvasaniya lugg rhaa thaa. usee varsh ack notarikrit dastaavez mein iss vidhi kaa varnan kiya gayaa thaa. dastaavez hangerian mein likhaa gayaa haye aur angreji mein anuvaadit kiya gayaa haye
aavishkaar key liye prerit karane vaale uddeshya 2002 key ack shodh patra mein paae gaye hain.
aur yeh vidhi pahali baar 1988 mein antarrashtriya congress mein prakaashit hui thee aur phir 1991 mein print mein prakaashit hui thee.
vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan aur isaki visheshataaen.
vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan (aiss aind pee sanshleshan) paaramparik synthetic vidhiyon seey alag haye. mahatvapurna naveenata prakriya mein yaugik mishran kaa upayog haye. yeh isaki abhootpoorv uchch utpaadaktaa kaa kaaran haye. iss vidhi kaa upayog karke ack ekal rasaayanagya ack saptah mein rasayan vigyaan key poore itihas mein utpaadit sabhi rasaayanagyon kii tulanaa mein adhik yaugik banaa sakata haye.
aiss aind pee sanshleshan koo prakriya key pratyek charan mein teen sanchalanon koo dohrakar charanbaddh tareeke seey lagu kiya jaataa haih
mool vidhi merifield key thhos-charan sanshleshan parr adharit haye, prakriya koo donon chakron mein samaan teen bee. bee. aiss. kaa upayog karke dou-chakr sanshleshan koo dikhaane vaale pravaahit aarekh dwara chitra mein chitrit kiya gayaa haye.
aiss aind pee sanshleshan mein thhos charan vidhi kaa chayan karna uchit haye kyonki anyatha yaugikon key mishran seey upa-utpaadon koo hataana bahut mushkil hoga.
dakshata.
uchch dakshata vidhi kii sabse mahatvapurna visheshta haye. ack bahu charan (aine) sanshleshan mein pratyek charan mein bee. bee. aiss. (key) kii samaan sankhya kaa upayog karate hue ack sanyojan pustakalaya (aine) banaane mein ghatakon kii sankhya haih
aine = kn
iska matlab haye kii ghatakon kii sankhya sankhya charanon (chakron) key saath teji seey badhati haye jabaki aavashyak yugman kii sankhya kewal raikhik roop seey badhati haye. yadi chakron mein alag-alag sankhya mein bhawan bee. bee. aiss. kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye (key1, key2, key3..(que) gathit ghatakon kii sankhya haih
n = k1.k2.k3..kn.
prakriya kii yeh visheshta vyaavhaarik roop seey aseemit sankhya mein yaugikon koo sanshleshit karane kii sambhavana pradaan karati haye. udaaharan key liye, yadi chaar chakron mein 1000 bee. bee. aiss. kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye tou 1 trillion yaugikon key banane kii ummeed haye. aavashyak coupling kii sankhya kewal 4000 haye!
uchch dakshata kaa kaaran.
asadharan dakshata kii vyakhya synthetic charanon mein mishran kaa upayog haye. yadi ack paaramparik pratikriya mein ack yaugik ack abhikaarak key saath jodaa jaataa haye aur ack nayaa yaugik banata haye. yadi n ghatakon vaale yaugikon kaa mishran ack hii abhikaarak key saath jodaa jaataa haye tou ekal yugman mein baney nae yaugikon kii sankhya n haye.
paaramparik aur vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan key beach kaa antar paaramparik mein yugman charanon kii sankhya aur 3,2 million pentapeptides key vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan seey spasht roop seey dikhaaya gayaa haye.
paaramparik sanshleshanah 3,200,000 x5 = 16,000,000 yugman charan cca 40,000 varsh
aiss aind pee sanshleshanah 20x5 = 100 yugman charan cca 5 dinn
paaramparik sanshleshan koo tarksangat tareeke seey karna sambhav haye jaisa kii chitra mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. iss mamle mein, yugman chakron kii sankhya haih
20+400 + 8,000+160,000+3,200,000 = 3,368,420 cca 9,200 varsh
ghatakon kii sankhya kii saiddhaantik oopari seema.
jaisa kii aksar ullekh kiya gayaa haye kii vibhajan aur pool vidhi aseemit sankhya mein yaugikon koo sanshleshit karna sambhav banaati haye. vaastav mein, ghatakon kii saiddhaantik adhikatam sankhya moll mein vyakt pustakalaya kii matra parr nirbhar karati haye. udaaharan key liye, yadi 1 moll pustakalaya koo sanshleshit kiya jaataa haye tou ghatakon kii adhikatam sankhya avogadro sankhya key barabar haih
6, 0224076·1023
iss tarah key pustakalaya mein pratyek ghatak koo ack ekal anu dwara darshaaya jaayega.
pustakalaya key ghatak barabar daadh matra mein banate hain.
jahan taka yugman key rasayan vigyaan kaa sambandh haye, pustakalayon key ghatak lagbhag barabar daadh matra mein bunn sakate hain. yeh mishranon koo samaan namoonon mein vibhajit karke aur pool kiye gaye namoonon koo achchi tarah seey milakar unake samarupikaran dwara sambhav kiya jaataa haye. pustakalaya key ghatakon kii samaan daadh matra unaki prayojyata koo dekhate hue bahut mahatvapurna haye. asman matra mein yaugikon kii upasthiti seey jaanch mein parinamon key mulyankan mein kathinaaiyaan hoe sakati hain. thhos charan vidhi abhikarmakon kaa adhik upayog karna sambhav banaati haye taaki pratikriyaon koo puuraa honey key karib leey jaaya jaa sakey kyonki adhishesh koo nispandan dwara aasaani seey hataaya jaa sakata haye.
sanshleshan mein dou mishranon kaa upayog karane kii sambhavana.
siddhant roop mein, aiss aind pee sanshleshan mein dou mishranon kaa upayog ack hii sanyojan pustakalaya kii or leey jaa sakata haye joe samanya aiss aind pee vidhi mein banata haye. halanki, bee. bee. aiss. kii pratikriyashilta mein antar ghatakon kii sandrata mein badey antar laataa haye, aur pratyek charan key baad antar badhane kii ummeed haye. halanki donon mishranon kaa upayog karke kaafee matra mein shram bachaaya jaa sakata haye jaba pratyek sthiti mein badee sankhya mein bee. bee. aiss. jode jaate hain, lekin samanya roop seey upayog kii jaane vaali aiss. aind. pee. prakriya parr tike rahane kii salah dee jaati haye.
pustakalaya mein sabhi sanrachanaatmak kismon kii upasthiti.
sabhi sanrachanaatmak roopon kaa gathan joe bee. bee. aiss. seey nikala jaa sakata haye, aiss. aind. pee. sanshleshan kii ack mahatvapurna visheshta haye. kewal aiss aind pee vidhi hii ise ack hii prakriya mein praapt curr sakati haye. doosari or, ack pustakalaya mein sabhi sambhaavit sanrachanaatmak kismon kii upasthiti yeh ashvasana detee haye kii pustakalaya ack sanyukt haye aur sanyukt sanshleshan dwara taiyar kiya jaataa haye.
motiyon mein ack yaugik kaa nirmaan.
coupling mein ack ekal bee. bee. kaa upayog karane kaa parinam pratyek beed mein ack ekal yaugik kaa gathan haye. obak pustakalayon kaa gathan aiss aind pee sanshleshan kaa ack antarnihit guna haye. kaaran koo chitra mein samajhaaya gayaa haye. ack manka mein baney yaugik kii sanrachana usa pratikriya vaahikaon parr nirbhar karati haye jisamen manka synthetic maarg mein hotaa haye.
yeh rasaayanagya key usa nirnay parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii vaha pustakalaya kaa upayog bandhan (oh. bee. oh. see.) key roop mein karey yaa motiyon seey yaugikon koo alag karey aur ise ack samadhan key roop mein upayog karey.
vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan kaa ehsas.
vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan koo pahale thhos samarthan parr peptide pustakalayon koo taiyar karane key liye lagu kiya gayaa thaa. aakriti mein dikhaae gaye ack ghar mein baney manual upkaran mein sanshleshan kaa ehsas huaa. iss upkaran mein 20 chhed vaali ack nully hoti haye jisase pratikriya vaahikaon koo jodaa jaa sakata haye. tube kaa ack chhor apashisht paatr aur paani key pump seey judaa hotaa haye. baaen bhaag mein loading aur filtering, daaen yugman-hilaane kii sthiti dikhaai detee haye.
sanyojan rasayan vigyaan key shuruati varshon mein, ack swachaalit machine kaa nirmaan aur vyaavsaayikaran unnat rasayan praudyogiki (louisville key. yuu. aiss. aeye.) mein kiya gayaa thaa. aiss aind pee sanshleshan key sabhi sanchaalan swachaalit roop seey computer niyantran key tahat kiye jaate hain. vartamaan mein, tyton 357 swachaalit synthesizer aeye. aeye. pee. tii. ee. see. (louiville key. vaaee., yuu. aiss. aeye.) mein upalabdh haye.
encoded vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan.
haalaanki aiss aind pee sanshleshan mein pratyek beed parr ack ekal yaugik roop isaki sanrachana gyaat naheen haye. iss kaaran seey, ack chayanit manka mein nihit yaugik kii pehchaan nirdhaarit karane mein madad karane key liye encoding vidhiyon koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa. encoding anu bee. bee. aiss. key yugman key samanantar motiyon key saath jode jaate hain. encoding anu kii sanrachana koo manka parr pustakalaya key sadasya kii tulanaa mein aasaan nirdhaarit kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
ohlmeyer aur anya. ack dwiaadhaari kootlekhan vidhi prakaashit kii. unhone 18 tagg anuon key mishran kaa upayog kiya jinhen motiyon seey alag karane key baad electron capture gais chromatography dwara pahachaana jaa sakata thaa.
nikolajev aur anya. encoding key liye lagu peptide anukram
sarkaar aur anya. pantenoic amides (copas) key kieral oligomaron kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye jinka upayog badey paimaane parr encoded obak pustakalayon key nirmaan key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
cair aur anya. ack naveen prakaar kaa encoding pesh kiya. motee key saath ack orthogonally roop seey sanrakshit hataane yogya dwi-karyatmak linker sanlagn thaa. linker key ack chhor kaa upayog pustakalaya key gair-praakritik bee. bee. aiss. koo jodane key liye kiya gayaa thaa jabaki dusare chhor parr encoding emino acid triple koo jodaa gayaa thaa. 
sabse shuruati aur bahut safal encoding vidhiyon mein seey ack koo 1992 mein brainer aur learner dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa. unhone apani samagri koo encoding karane key liye motiyon mein dee. aine. aeye. oligomer jodane kaa prastaav rakhaa.
iss vidhi koo nielson, brainer aur jaanda dwara cair aitt all key dwi-karyatmak linker kaa upayog karke lagu kiya gayaa thaa. encoding dee. aine. aeye. oligomers koo sanlagn karane key liye. isase yaugik koo dee. aine. aeye. encoding oligomer key saath vibhajit karna sambhav hoe gayaa.
ghol mein vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan.
haan aur anya. ack aisee vidhi kaa varnan kiya jisane rasayanik pratikriyaon mein aiss aind pee sanshleshan kii uchch dakshata aur ack sajaatiya madhyam donon key laabhon koo banaae rakhna sambhav banaa diyaa. apani vidhi mein polyethyleneglycol (pegg) kaa upayog peptide pustakalayon key aiss aind pee sanshleshan mein ghulansheel samarthan key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa.
meeo-ch2-ch2-oh-(ch2-ch2-oh) aine-ch2-ch2-oh
iss uddeshya key liye upayukt saabit huaa kyonki yeh jaleey aur carbonic vilayakon kii ack vistrit vividhata mein ghulansheel haye aur isaki ghulansheelata pratikriya madhyam mein sanlagn anu key aghulansheel honey parr bhee sajaatiya pratikriya kii sthiti pradaan karati haye. bahulak key ghol aur usase bandhe sanshleshit yaugikon seey algaav koo varsha aur nispandan dwara praapt kiya jaa sakata haye. varsha key liye pratikriya samadhanon koo kendrit karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye phir diethyl eather yaa turt-butyle methyl eather key saath patala karna padata haye. saavdhaanipoorvak niyantrit varsha sthitiyon mein baadhya utpaadon key saath bahulak kristaliya roop mein avakshepit hotaa haye aur avaanchhit abhikarmak ghol mein rahate hain.
thhos charan mein, aiss aind pee sanshleshan pratyek beed parr ack ekal yaugik banaata haye, aur isake parinamswarup, yaugikon kii sankhya beed kii sankhya seey adhik naheen hoe sakati haye. isaliye, yaugikon kii saiddhaantik adhikatam sankhya thhos aadhar kii matra aur motiyon key aakar parr nirbhar karati haye. udaaharan key liye, 1 graam polystyrene raal parr, adhikatam 20 laakh yaugikon koo sanshleshit kiya jaa sakata haye yadi raal key motiyon kaa vyaas 90 microne haye, aur 2 billion banaaya jaa sakata haye yadi manakon kaa aakar 10 microne haye. vyavhaar mein, thhos samarthan kaa upayog adhik (aksar duss gunaa) kiya jaataa haye taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii sabhi apekshit ghatak bunn gaye hain. 
yadi thhos samarthan koo chhod diyaa jaataa haye aur sanshleshan koo ghol mein kiya jaataa haye tou uparokt seema koo poori tarah seey hataa diyaa jaataa haye. iss mamle mein, pustakalaya key ghatakon kii sankhya key sambandh mein koee oopari seema naheen haye. ghatakon kii sankhya aur pustakalaya kii matra donon koo kewal vyaavhaarik vichaaron key aadhar parr swatantra roop seey taya kiya jaa sakata haye.
harbury aur halpin dwara dee. aine. aeye. encoded sanyojan pustakalayon key sanshleshan mein ack mahatvapurna sanshodhan pesh kiya gayaa thaa. unake mamle mein thhos samarthan koo encoding dee. aine. aeye. oligomers dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye. isase kharbon ghatakon vaale pustakalayon koo sanshleshit karna aur aatmiyata bandhan vidhiyon kaa upayog karke unhein pradarshit karna sambhav hoe jaataa haye. 
samadhan-charan aiss aind pee sanshleshan koo puuraa karane kaa ack alag tarika upa-utpaadon koo hataane key liye safai regin lagaana haye. safai karane vaale regin karyatmak samoohon vaale polymer hotey hain joe abhikarmakon key atirikt ghatakon key saath pratikriya karna aur unhein baandhana sambhav banaate hain aur phir unhein pratikriya mishran seey dou udaharanon seey filter karate hainh praathamik amino samoohon vaalaa regin pratikriya mishran seey asyl chloride kii adhikta koo hataa sakata haye jabaki ack asyl chloride regin amine koo hataa detaa haye. 
ack fluorus takneek kaa varnan karran dwara kiya gayaa thaa, fluorus sanshleshan karyatmak perfluorolkil (aar. aff.) samoohon jaise 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tridecafluoronil {cf3 (cf2) 4cf2ch2-2-} samooh koo substrate yaa abhikarmakon seey judaa huaa haye. aar. aff. samooh pratikriya mishran seey utpaad yaa abhikarmakon koo hataana sambhav banaate hain. prakriya key anta mein, substrate seey judey aar. aff. samoohon koo utpaad seey hataaya jaa sakata haye. aar. aff. samoohon koo substrate seey jodkar sanshleshan koo ghol mein kiya jaa sakata haye aur utpaad koo pratifluoromatylcyclecale yaa pratifluorohexen jaise drav vilaayak kaa upayog karke taral nishkarshan dwara pratikriya mishran seey alag kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh dekhaa jaa sakata haye kii sanshleshan mein aar. aff. samoohon kaa kaary thhos yaa ghulansheel samarthan key samaan haye. yadi aar. aff. tagg abhikarmak seey judaa huaa haye tou isaki atiriktata koo nishkarshan dwara pratikriya mishran seey hataaya jaa sakata haye.
bahulak samarthit abhikarmakon kaa upayog aiss aind pee sanshleshan mein bhee kiya jaataa haye.
dee. aine. aeye. encoded sanyojan pustakalayon key sanshleshan mein vishesh visheshtaen.
swayam-ikattha karane vaale dee. aine. aeye. encoded pustakalaya.
dee. aine. aeye. encoding key kaaran honey vaali vishesh visheshtaon key sabse achche udaharanon mein seey ack mleckco et al dwara pesh kiye gaye swa-sanyojan pustakalaya kaa sanshleshan haye. pahale, dou upa-pustakalayon koo sanshleshit kiya jaataa haye. upa-pustakalayon mein seey ack mein bee. bee. aiss. ack oligonucleotide key 5 'chhor seey judey hotey hain jisamen ack demerisation domen hotaa haye jisake baad bee. bee. aiss. key code hotey hain. anya upa-pustakalaya mein bee. bee. aiss. koo oligonucleotide key 3 'chhor seey jodaa jaataa haye jisamen ack demerisation domen aur bee. bee. aiss. key ack anya sett key code bhee hotey hain. donon upa-pustakalayon koo samdhruviya matra mein mishrit kiya jaataa haye, 70 degree celsius taka germ kiya jaataa haye, phir kamare key tapman koo thandaa karane key liye anumati dee jaati haye, visham-samroopata aur swa-sanyojan sanyojan pustakalaya kaa nirmaan kiya jaataa haye. iss tarah key dou pharmacophore pustakalayon mein seey ack sadasya koo chitra mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. affinity screening mein, pharmophore key dou bee. bee. aiss. lakshit protein key dou aasann bandhan sthalon key saath baatchit curr sakate hain.
dee. aine. aeye. templated pustakalaya.
dee. aine. aeye. templated combinatorial library key sanshleshan mein, dee. aine. aeye. double helix kii kshamata kaa upayog gartner aur anya dwara kshetra-vishisht rasayanik pratikriyaon koo pratyaksh karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. dee. aine. aeye. seey judey abhikarmakon koo nikatata mein rakhaa jaataa haye. yeh sthaaniya sandrata kii aabhaasi vriddhi key barabar haye joe 30 nucleotide kii doori key bheetar lagbhag sthir haye. nikatata prabhaav pratikriyaon koo aage badhane mein madad kartaa haye. 
dou pustakalayon kaa sanshleshan kiya gayaa haye. ack template pustakalaya jisamen ack chhor parr ack bee. bee. aiss. aur usake code key baad dou abhikarmak pustakalayon key bee. bee. aiss. key code key liye dou aniling kshetra hotey hain. dou abhikarmak pustakalayon mein seey pratyek mein ack coding oligonucleotide hotaa haye joe vikhandaniya bandhan (bibi) key saath judaa hotaa haye joe pahale seey judey bibi key saath nikatata prabhaav kaa laabh uthaate hue ack bandhan banaane mein saksham hotaa haye. sanshleshan koo dou charanon mein mahsoos kiya jaataa haye jaisa kii chitra mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. pratyek charan mein teen operation hotey hainh mishran, aniling, coupling-cleaving.
yoctoriactor mein sanshleshan.
hanson aur anya dwara shuru kii gaee yoctoriactor vidhi. yeh ack tri-ayami dna sanrachana kii jyaamiti aur sthirata parr adharit haye joe ack yoctolitor (10−24 ell) aakar kaa rasayanik reactor banaata haye jisamen bbs kii nikatata unake beach pratikriya laati haye. dee. aine. aeye. oligomer mein sanlagn bee. bee. aiss. key liye dee. aine. aeye.-barcode shamil hotaa haye aur reactor key sanrachanaatmak tatva banate hain. ack prakaar kaa yoctoriactor praarup chitra mein dikhaaya gayaa haye.
anukram kootbaddh maarg nirdhaaran.
harbury aur halpin ney dee. aine. aeye. template pustakalayon kaa vikas kiya joe dee. aine. aeye. encoded carbonic pustakalayon key sanshleshan koo jeane kii tarah nirdeshit karate hain. template sanyojan pustakalaya key sadasyon mein sabhi bee. bee. aiss. key code aur unake yugman key crum hotey hain. yeh aankada ack sadharan aiss. aiss. dee. aine. aeye. template library (aeye) key ack sadasya koo dikhaata haye jisamen teen bee. bee. aiss. (2,4,6) key code hotey hain jinhen kramik roop seey sanlagn karane kii yojana banaai gaee thee. coding kshetron koo sabhi sadasyon mein samaan gair-coding kshetron (1,3,5,7) dwara alag kiya jaataa haye.
anukram nirdeshit prakriya mein raal key motiyon key stambhon kii ack shrinkhala kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisamen seey pratyek koo bee. bee. aiss. (bee) mein seey ack key anticoden key saath lepit kiya jaataa haye. jaba template library koo ack anticoden collum mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye tou uchit template sadasya koo sankaran dwara pakada jaataa haye aur phir upayukt bibi key saath jodaa jaataa haye. ack yugman sthiti (see. pee.) key sabhi anticoden stambhon key saath samaapt honey key baad pustakalayon koo anticoden stambhon key mishrit motiyon seey alag curr diyaa jaataa haye aur ullikhit sanchaalan koo agale see. pee. key anticoden stambhon kii shrinkhala key saath dohraya jaataa haye. chitra mein, see template library key ack sadasya koo "peele" dusare cp anticoden library dwara kabja kiya gayaa dikhaata haye. template mein pahale seey hii see. pee. 1 mein jodaa gayaa "laal" bee. bee. aur ise pakadane key baad sanlagn "peela" bee. bee. hotaa haye. antim pustakalaya mein unake encoding dee. aine. aeye. oligomers seey judey sabhi sanshleshit carbonic yaugik hotey hain.
charanbaddh yugman aur coding.
dee. aine. aeye.-encoding key liye aamtaur parr upayog kii jaane vaali sabse aage kii or dekhane vaali vidhi mein seey ack koo ekal-pharmacophore pustakalayon key sanshleshan mein lagu kiya jaataa haye. jaisa kii chitra seey pataa chalata haye kii pustakalaya aiss aind pee sanshleshan key samanya chakron koo dohrate hue banaaya gayaa haye, chakr key dusare sanchaalan koo sanshodhit kiya jaataa haih bee. bee. aiss. key saath yugman key alawa encoding dee. aine. aeye. oligomer koo bee. bee. key code koo bandhan dwara jodkar badhaaya jaataa haye.
thhos samarthan kii macroscopic ikaaiyon kaa upayog karke sanshleshan.
vibhajan aur pool sanshleshan koo thhos samarthan key manake kii samagri kii tulanaa mein badee matra mein gyaat yaugikon kaa utpaadan karane aur mool vidhi kii uchch dakshata koo banaae rakhane key liye saksham banaane key liye sanshodhan vikasit kiye gaye they. 
jaisa kii moran aur anya dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa haye. aur nikolaau aur anya. samanya roop seey thhos charan sanshleshan mein upayog kiye jaane vaale raal koo pargamya capsule mein sanlagn kiya jaataa thaa, jisamen ack radiofrequency label bhee shamil hotaa thaa joe unake yugman key crum mein bee. bee. aiss. koo record kartaa thaa. capsule koo upayukt pratikriya vaahikaon mein chhantane key liye manual aur swachaalit donon machine kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. 
ziao aur anya dwara ack alag prakaar kii label vaali macroscopic thhos samarthan ikai pesh kii gaee thee. aadhar 1x1 semi polystyrene grafted vargakar platein hain. code koo leey jaane vaalaa madhyam sanshleshan key kendra mein ack 3x3 mimi syremic plate haye, code koo ack dwi-ayami baar code key roop mein ack see. oh. 2 lazer dwara syremic samarthan mein ukera jaataa haye jise ack vishesh scanner dwara padhaa jaa sakata haye.
string sanshleshan.
farka aur anya dwara prastut string sanshleshan. taaryukt macroscopic thhos samarthan ikaaiyon (mukut) kaa upayog kartaa haye aur ikaaiyon kii pehchaan taar parr unaki sthiti seey kii jaati haye. sanshleshan mein pratyek bhawan khand key liye ack string nirdhaarit kii jaati haye. yugman charan mein, taar uchit pratikriya paatr mein hotaa haye. ack kritrim charan seey nikalane vaale taaron kii samagri koo agale charan key taaron mein punarvitarit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. ikaaiyaan ekatrit naheen hain. chitra mein pradarshit punarvitaran sanyojan vitaran niyam kaa paalan kartaa haih ack kritrim charan mein baney sabhi utpaadon koo agale kritrim charan key sabhi pratikriya vaahikaon key beach samaan roop seey vibhajit kiya jaataa haye. vibhinn vitaran praarupon kaa paalan kiya jaa sakata haye joe pratyek mukut kii samagri kii pehchaan karane kii anumati detaa haye joe naee string parr sthiti aur string key gantavya pratikriya pott parr nirbhar kartaa haye. 
taar vaale mukut aur hastchaalit chhantaai mein upayog kii jaane vaali tray koo aakriti mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. gantavya tray koo teer kii disha mein kadam darr kadam sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye. mukuton koo srot tray key sthaan seey gantavya tray key sabhi vipareet sthaan mein samoohon mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye. sthanantaran computer dwara nirdeshit kiye jaate hain aur utpaadon kii pehchaan antim taaron parr kabja kiye gaye mukut kii sthiti seey kii jaati haye. 
ack tez swachaalit sorter machine kaa bhee varnan kiya gayaa thaa. sorter koo aakriti mein rekhaankit kiya gayaa haye. isamen sanrekhit nalikaon key dou sett hain. nichale hisse teer dwara dikhaai gaee disha mein kadam darr kadam aage badh rahey hain aur sikke jaisi ikaaiyon koo oopari srot nalikaon seey nichale gantavya mein giraaya jaataa haye. nalikaaen pratikriya vaahikaon key roop mein bhee kaam curr sakati hain.
ack software bhee vikasit kiya gayaa thaa joe seedhe chhantaai curr sakata haye yadi ack poorna sanyojan pustakalaya koo sanshleshit naheen kiya jaataa haye tou isake ghatakon kaa kewal ack sett taiyar kiya jaataa haye jise poorna pustakalaya seey chunaa jaataa haye.

