
jaiv-ksharan

jaiv ksharan jeevit jeevon dwara kathor mahasagar substrate key tootane kaa varnan kartaa haye-aur cumm baar sthaliya substrate. samudri jaiv ksharan molsk, polycate keede, foronids, spunge, crustatian, echinoids aur machhali key kaaran hoe sakata haye; yeh tatrekha parr, prawal bhittiyon parr aur jahaajon parr hoe sakata haye; isake tantra mein javic boaring, drilling, rasping aur scrapping shamil hain. shushk bhoomi parr, jaiv ksharan aamtaur parr agrani paudhon yaa lycane jaise paudhon jaise jeevon dwara kiya jaataa haye, aur jyaadaatar rasayanik (ee.jee. choona patthar parr amleeya sraav dwara) yaa yaantrik (ee.jee. jadon seey daraaron mein badhane seey) prakriti mein.
prawal bhittiyon kaa jaiv ksharan ushnakatibandhiya dweepon kii maheen aur safed prawal rait kii visheshta utpann kartaa haye. prawal koo shaiwal, kavak, bacteria (sookshmajeev) aur spunge (cleonade), dwigunit ("lithophaga" sahit), sipunculance, polychates, acrothoracican barnecle aur foronids jaise aantarik jaiv-sankarak dwara rait mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye, joe 10 seey 100 micrometer key vyaas key saath behad maheen talchhat utpann karate hain. baahari jaiv-pratirupakon mein samudri archin (jaise "diadema") aur chitton shamil hain. inn balon key sanyojan seey bahut adhik ksharan hotaa haye. kuchh chattanon mein 20 kilogram/varg meater seey adhik kii vaarshik daron parr calcium carbonate kaa samudri archin ksharan bataaya gayaa haye. 
shaiwal khaate samay machhali bhee prawal kaa ksharan karati haye. tote kii machhali achchi tarah seey vikasit jabade kii maanspeshiyon, daanton kii armature aur ack grasni mill kaa upayog karke, rait key aakar key kanon mein peesane vaali samagri kaa upayog karke bahut adhik jaiv ksharan kaa kaaran banati haye. tote kii machhali dwara prawal bhitti aragonite kaa jaiv ksharan "chlorurus gibbus" key liye 1017.7 ± 186.3 kilogram/varsh (0.01 ± 07 mee3/varsh) aur "chlorurus sordidus" (bellwood, 1995) key liye 23.6 ± 3.4 kilogram/varsh (9.7 10−3 ± 1.310−3 mee2/varsh) taka hoe sakata haye.
bioirotion koo gole aur kathor bhoomi (bromley, 1970) parr jeevaashm record mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen iss gatividhi key nishan poorv-cambrian (teller aur willson, 2003) mein achchi tarah seey faile hue hain. macrobiorotion, joe nagna aankho seey dikhaai dene vaale boarings kaa utpaadan kartaa haye, dou alag-alag vikaasvaadi vikiranon koo darshaata haye. ack madhya ordovician (ordovician bioirogen kranti; willson aind palmer, 2006 dekhein) aur doosara jurassic (teller aind willson, 2003; bromley, 2004; willson, 2007 dekhein) mein thaa. microbioirotion kaa ack lamba jeevaashm record aur iska apana vikiran bhee haye (glab aind vogel, 2004; glab aitt all dekhein.2007).

