
sherm kaa baij

sherm kaa baij, joe sherm kaa prateek bhee haye, sherm kaa nishan yaa kalank, aam taur parr ack vishisht prateek haye jise kissy vishisht samooh yaa vyakti dwara saarvajanik upman, bahishkaar yaa utpeedan key uddeshya seey pahanana aavashyak haye.
iss shabd kaa upayog roopak roop seey bhee kiya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey apmaanjanak arthon mein, kissy vyakti yaa samooh seey judee kissy cheez koo sharmanak key roop mein chihnit karane key liye.
ingland mein, garib adhiniyam 1697 key tahat, parrish raahat praapt karane vaale garibon koo khuli aur drishyamaan tareeke seey daahine haath key kandhe parr neele yaa laal kapade kaa baij pahanana aavashyak thaa, taaki loga raahat ekatra karane seey hatotsaahit hoe sakein jaba taka kii way hatash naa houn, kyonki kaee loga raahat ekatra karane key liye taiyar honge, lekin kuchh loga aisaa karane key liye taiyar honge yadi saarvajanik roop seey garibon key "sharmanak" nishan koo pahanane kii aavashyakta hoe.
madhya yug key dauran europe key kuchh hisson mein aur baad mein naazi germany aur german kabje vaale europe mein yahoodiyon koo peele rung kaa baij pahanane kii aavashyakta thee, joe prabhaavi roop seey sherm kaa baij thaa, saath hii pehchaan bhee thee. anya pehchaan key nishaanon mein sharminda logon koo nange pair jaanaa shamil hoe sakata haye.
bibil key "caine key nishan" kii vyakhya sherm key baij key paryaay key roop mein kii jaa sakati haye.
itihas.
apsaran.
purushon kaa dandaatmak apghatan, vishesh roop seey gupt baal jalaana, pracheen bhoomadhyasagariya sanskritiyon mein sherm key sanket key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan purush shareer key baalon koo mahatva diyaa jaataa thaa. vyabhichaar karane vaali mahilaaon koo bhee sherm key nishan key roop mein vishisht prateek yaa nishan pahanane key liye majboor kiya gayaa haye, yaa unake baal kaat diye gaye hain. german-adhikrit europe mein kabja karane vaalon key saath bhaichare vaali kaee mahilaaon key sir dwiteeya vishva yuddh key sahyogiyon dwara mukti key baad apane sathiyon kii krodhit bheed dwara mundan kiye gaye they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, naazi edelweiss samudri daku key roop mein jaane jaane vaale yuva gair-anurupatavadiyon jaise germans koo dandit karane key liye sherm key nishan key roop mein sir mundan kaa bhee upayog karate they.
kapade.
pracheen rome mein, purush aur mahila donon mool roop seey toga pahanate they, lekin samay key saath matron ney stola koo poshak key pasandida roop key roop mein apanaaya, jabaki veshyaon ney toga koo banaae rakhaa. baad mein, lakes julia key tahat, veshyavritti key doshi mahilaaon koo veshya key sherm key baij key roop mein ack kapade pahanane key liye majboor kiya gayaa.
8veen shatabdi seey abbasi khalifa key tahat rahane vaale yahoodiyon aur isaaiyon koo aksar apane kapadon parr vishisht nishan pahanane key liye majboor kiya jaataa thaa taaki way "dhimmi" vishvaas key anuyaayi key roop mein apani sthiti koo darshaate hain joe aksar vibhinn shasakon key yugon key beach bhinn hotaa haye. khalifa haaroon all-rasheed key tahat kapadon parr peele belt yaa kinare kaa upayog "dhimmi" sthiti koo darshaane key liye kiya jaataa thaa, jabaki khalifa all-mutavakkil key shasson key dauran gadhon key aakar mein dhabbe yahoodiyon dwara pahane jaate they aur sooaron key aakar mein dhabbe isai dwara pahane jaate they. pehchaan key inn prateekon mein vyaktiyon koo "dhimmi" alpsankhyakon seey sambandhit key roop mein chihnit karane kaa praathamik kaary thaa, jisake liye unhein ack vishesh curr kaa bhugtan karna padata thaa. iss prakaar, unakaa prabhaav vyaktiyon koo musalmaanon kii tulanaa mein samajik roop seey heane key roop mein chihnit karane kaa thaa aur way ashanti kii avadhi key dauran utpeedan key liye ack lakshya key roop mein kaary curr sakate they.
13veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, pope nirdosh III ney isaaiyon koo yahoodiyon koo shaaririk nuksan pahunchaane seey pratibandhit curr diyaa, lekin samaaj mein unake algaav kaa samarthan kiya. cumm seey cumm ack avsar parr unhone isaki tulanaa caine key bhaagya seey kii jaisa kii utpatti kii pustak mein varnit haye, navers kii ginati key liye likhaa haih
nirdosh III key baad 1215 mein lateran kii chauthi parishad kii adhyakshata kii, parishad ney cannon 68 koo apanaaya, jisamen yahoodiyon (aur musalmaanon) koo antar-dhaarmik sambandhon koo rokane key liye vishisht roop seey kapade pahanane kii aavashyakta thee.
iss siddhant koo europe kii dharmnirpeksh sarkaaron dwara 1269 taka kaafee hudd taka nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa jaba france key raajaa lui Ix, baad mein sent luis koo yeh adesh dene key liye raaji kiya gayaa thaa kii francisi yahoodiyon koo apane stanon aur peeth parr goal peele rung key baij pahanane chaahiye.
1229 mein albigencian dharmayuddh samaapt honey key baad, pope gregory Ix kii baad kii pope jaanch ney cather peele cross kii church kii tapasya koo sherm key baij key roop mein lagu kiya, jise shesh paschaataap karane vaale cather dwara pahane jaane key liye lagu kiya gayaa thaa.
17veen aur 18veen shatabdi key dauran aupaniveshik nyu ingland mein, adalaton ney una logon seey vyabhichaar key liye "aeye" yaa "vigyaapan" akshar aur apane kapadon parr anachar key liye "aaee" akshar pahanane kii aavashyakta thee jinhen yaun anaitikta kaa doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa.
19veen shatabdi mein aam taur parr dhaaridaar jail vardi kaa upayog doshiyon koo turant bhaagne key liye kiya jaataa thaa. aadhunik narangi jail kii vardi ack hii uddeshya koo puuraa karati haye, lekin atyadhik dikhaai dene vaale chamkile rung key saath taaki doshiyon key liye unhein chhipaana mushkil hoe. dhaariyon kaa upayog isaliye apanaaya gayaa kyonki sadharan ack rung kii vardi koo aasaani seey dusare rung seey rangaa jaa sakata thaa; haalaanki, dhaaridaar vardi koo rangana dhaariyon koo chhipa naheen sakata haye. 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein sanyukt raajya america mein unhein asthaayi roop seey samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki sherm key baij key roop mein unakaa upayog avaanchhaniya maanaa jaataa thaa kyonki way kaidiyon koo lagaatar sharmindagi aur akrosh kii bhavna paida curr rahey they. way phir seey upayog mein aaa gaye kyonki janata kaa drishtikon badal gayaa. sanyukt raajya america mein aaj kii kaee jailon aur jailon mein, kaidiyon koo dhaaridaar jail kii vardi pahanane key liye majboor kiya jaataa haye. iss pratha kaa ack pramukh udaaharan maricopa county jail mein maujood haye joe joe arpaio key prashaasan key tahat thaa, vahaan, kaale aur safed dhaariyon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. ack anya mukhya roop seey upayog kii jaane vaali rung yojana mein narangi aur safed dhaariyan hoti hain. iss tarah key kapade pahanane vaale vyakti koo spasht roop seey chihnit kiya jaataa haye aur isake parinamswarup, unhein door seey jail kaidi key roop mein pahachaana jaa sakata haye, jisase nagrik turant bhaagne vaalon kii pehchaan curr sakate hain aur adhikaariyon koo soochit curr sakate hain. kuchh suvidhaaen germ gulabi vardi kaa upayog unheen karanon seey karati hainh behtar drishyata key saath-saath pratirodh, kyonki purush kaidiyon koo aam taur parr gulabi kapade dubale lagate hain.
twacha.
samajon ney logon koo seedhe taur parr usa pratha mein chihnit kiya haye jise aam taur parr "ack aparaadhi key roop mein branded" kiya jaataa haye. apraadhiyon aur daason koo taitu seey chihnit kiya gayaa haye. aupaniveshik nyu ingland mein yaun anaitikta koo bhee germ lohe key saath maanav branding dwara dandit kiya gayaa thaa, chehare yaa maathe kii twacha mein nishan jalaa curr sabhi koo dekhane key liye.
chehare parr dikhaai dene vaale nishaanon key saath maanav branding kii pratha koo ingland key raajaa edward VI dwara 1547 key "awara bandhuon key kaanoon" key tahat dridhata seey sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen ack bhaage hue gulam key gaal yaa maathe parr akshar "aiss" koo jalaane aur ack church key jhagadaalu key gaal parr "framaker" key liye akshar "aff" koo nirdisht kiya gayaa thaa.
james niler, ack angreji quaker jise 1656 mein ishninda kaa doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa, koo prasiddh roop seey unake maathe parr "bee" key saath brand kiya gayaa thaa.
ingland mein 1829 taka maanav branding kii pratha koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh sanyukt raajya america mein cumm seey cumm 1864 taka jaari rhaa, americi grih yuddh key dauran, jaba sangh senaa key kuchh palayan karane vaalon key cheharon parr sherm key nishan key roop mein "dee" akshar kaa brand lagaaya gayaa thaa, jiska uddeshya dusaron koo palayan karane seey hatotsaahit karna thaa. bhaage hue daason koo "bhaage hue" key liye "aar" key saath branded kiya jaa sakata thaa, jiska prabhaav yeh sunishchit karane kaa thaa kii unhein kissy bhee baad key maalikon aur paryavekshakon dwara bariki seey dekhaa jaataa thaa aur aksar unake khilaf purvagrah kiya jaataa thaa.
sir key kapade.
puraane jamaane key francisi school key kamaron mein, durvyavahar karane vaale chhatron koo kamare key ack koney mein ack sanket patra pahane baithane key liye bheja jaataa thaa jisamen likhaa hotaa thaa "-aine", jiska arth haye gadhe, aur unhein gadhe key kaana key saath ack majakia topi pahanane key liye majboor kiya jaataa thaa, kabhi-kabhi shanku aakar mein, jise "bonat dee 'aine" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jiska arth haye "gadhe kii topi". paaramparik british aur americi school key kamaron mein, lambe shankwakar "duns cap", jise aksar "dee" akshar seey chihnit kiya jaataa thaa, kaa upayog napsand chhatron key liye sherm key baij key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. aadhunik shiksha mein duns cap kaa upayog naheen kiya jaataa haye. cheeni saanskritik kranti key dauran, prati-krantikari honey key aarop mein vyaktiyon koo saarvajanik roop seey unake yuddh apraadhon key saath duns topi pahanane key liye majboor karke apamaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
pratibandh.
kissy kaidi koo janata key saamane pratibandhon mein prastut karna (jaise hathkadi, bediyon, janjeeron yaa isi tarah key upkaranon) hamesha vyakti koo sharminda karane key tareeke key roop mein bhee kaam kartaa haye. andolan aur palayan koo rokane key unake vyaavhaarik upayog key alawa, way aamtaur parr pahanane mein asahaj hotey hain aur aksar shareer koo apraakritik sthitiyon mein bund curr dete hain. vishesh roop seey ack bandee key haathon koo usaki peeth key peechhe rokna vishesh roop seey sharmanak maanaa jaataa haye, kyonki yeh vyakti koo vyaavhaarik roop seey rakshaaheen banaa detaa haye aur darshakon key saamane usaki shaaririk haar koo darshaata haye. prabhaav koo aksar logon koo chihnit karane key sadhanon jaise jail kii vardi yaa praayashchit kii poshak jaise samaan kapadon kaa upayog aur nange pairon key sampark mein aaney key madhyam seey gunaa kiya jaataa haye. aisaa kaidi saarvajanik sthaan seey gujarane vaalaa bhee hoe sakata haye.
anya arth.
naazi yaatana shivir key sherm key baij trikoniya aur rung-kodit they taaki kaidiyon koo hirasat key kaaran vargeekrit kiya jaa sakey, aur yahudi david key chhah-nukile taare key aakar mein dou trikon pahanate they. naajiyon dwara sherm key nishan key roop mein lakshit inn prateekon key dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad vipareet arth theh yaatana shiviron mein maare gaye logon key smaarak parr trikon prateekon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, gulabi trikon jise samlaingik kaidiyon koo pahanana aavashyak thaa, samlaingik garv kaa prateek bunn gayaa.
aur david key zionist starr, jise peele baij key naazi sanskaran key liye bhee saha-chunaa gayaa thaa, koo baad mein israel key dhwaj parr pramukhta seey chitrit kiya gayaa thaa.
isake vipareet, sakaratmak arth rakhane key iraade seey prateekon key anpekshit parinam hoe sakate hain. pratham vishva yuddh key baad, yuu.aiss. yuddh vibhaag ney europe mein yuddh kshetron mein seva karane vaale sainikon koo soney key shevron seey sammaanit kiya. yuddh key prayaas key samarthan mein sammaanjanak gharelu seva key liye sammaanit rajat shevron koo kaee praaptakartaon dwara sherm kaa baij maanaa jaataa thaa.
aprail 1945 mein chekoslovakia kii sarkaar ney magyar yaa german mool bhasha key sabhi chekoslovakon koo jabt karane, aswachhata aur nirvaasan kaa adesh diyaa. maee 1945 mein german mool bhasha key chekoslovakon koo "nemek" (german) key liye badey akshar aine key saath safed yaa peele rung kii baanh kii patti pahanani padee, jiss parr mudrit kiya gayaa thaa. baahon parr baandhon koo baahar key kapadon parr pahana jaanaa thaa, jaba taka kii sarkaar ney 1947 taka german mool bhasha key apane sabhi nagrikon koo nirvaasit naheen curr diyaa thaa.
haal hii mein, 2007 mein, bancock, thyland pulis ney pyaare hallow kitty cartoon charitra seey sajaae gaye dandaatmak gulabi armband kii or rukh kiya, jaba tarton armband jinhen mamuli ullanghan key liye sherm key baij key roop mein pahana jaanaa thaa, unhein apmaanjanak adhikaariyon dwara unhein pahanane key liye majboor karke sangrahaniya maanaa gayaa, jisase ack vikrit protsaahan paida huaa. haalaanki, sanshodhit yojana koo bhee jald hii chhod diyaa gayaa thaa.
kaalpanik kritiyaan.
17veen shatabdi key puritan boston mein sthaapit nathaniel hothorn key 1850 key classic romans upanyaas "dha scarlett later" mein, mukhya charitra hester prine koo shahar kii jail seey usake stun parr laal akshar "aeye" key saath leey jaaya gayaa haye. laal rung kaa akshar "aeye" usa vyabhichaar key kaary kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye joe usane kiya thaa aur yeh sabhi key liye usake paap kaa prateek honah chaahiye. mool roop seey sherm key baij key roop mein, yeh baad mein alag-alag arthon koo leey jaayega kyonki kahani mein unake kaalpanik jeevan ney pragati kii.
1916 kii mook film "dha yelo passport", jisamen clara kimball young ney abhinay kiya thaa, koo 1917 mein phir seey jaari kiye jaane parr "dha baij off shame" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa.
2006 kii film mein, "lord cuttler becket (tomm hollander) koo ack fireplaces pokar key roop mein upayog karate hue dekhaa gayaa haye, ack branding loha jisamen" pee "akshar hotaa haye jise vaha kaptan jack gauraiya (johnny dape) kii dahini bhuja parr dikhaai dene vaale" samudri daku kaa brand "pradaan kartaa thaa. prishthabhoomi key anusaar, purvi bhaarat vyaapaar company key liye daason koo leey jaane seey incar karane key liye becket dwara gauraiya koo samudri daku kaa brand diyaa gayaa thaa.
film "inglorius bastard" mein naayak jeevit german sainikon key maathe mein swastik taraashate hain, taaki bhavishya mein sabhi koo unaki kadachar key baare mein pataa chaley.
japani mangaa aur anime shrinkhala "tytan parr hamla" seey pataa chalata haye kii marley mein rahane vaale aldian koo nazarbandi kshetron mein khud koo pahchaanane key liye baanh kii patti pahanane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa.