
kahora baasa

kahora baasa jheel-purtagaali aupaniveshik yug mein (1974 taka) jise kabora baasa key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, 
nyungve "kahaura-bassa", jiska arth haye "kaam koo samaapt karna"-africa kii chauthi sabse badee kritrim jheel haye, joe mosambic key tete praant mein sthit haye. africa mein, kewal ghaana mein jheel volta, kariba jheel, kahora baasa key zambezi upstream parr, aur misra kii jheel nasser satah key paani key mamle mein badee hain.
itihas.
purtagaali kaal.
kahora baasa pranali 1960 key dashak key anta mein mosambic key videshi praant mein purtagaliyon kii ack pariyojana key roop mein shuru hui. dakshini african sarkaaren bhee ack samjhaute mein shamil theen jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii portugal dakshin africa kii seema taka bijli laane key liye aavashyak uchch-voltage pratyaksh dhaara (hvdc) sancharan pranali key saath milkar kabora baasa (jaisa kii ise taba purtagaali mein kahaa jaataa thaa) mein ack panbijali utpaadan kendra kaa nirmaan aur sanchaalan karega. doosari or, dakshin africa ney dakshin african/mosambican seema seey bijli koo pretoria key paas apolo convertor station taka laane key liye aavashyak apolo convertor station aur paareshan pranali key hisse kaa nirmaan aur sanchaalan karane kaa beedaa uthaaya. taba dakshin africa koo bijli khareedane key liye baadhya kiya gayaa thaa jisaki aapoorti karane key liye purtagaal baadhya thaa.
swatantrata key sangharsh key dauran, baandh key liye nirmaan samagri parr freelimo gurillaon dwara ack ranneetik kadam mein baar-baar hamla kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki isake puuraa honey seey jheel itani chaudi hoe jaayegi kii apani dongiyon key saath doosari taraf paar honey mein bahut samay lagega. mukhya bhoomi purtagaal mein carnation kranti key baad disambar 1974 mein baandh bharna shuru huaa aur swatantrata samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye gaye hain. mosambic aadhikarik taur parr 25 juuna 1975 koo purtagaal seey swatantra hoe gayaa.
navambar 2007 taka, baandh kaa sanchaalan "hydroelectrica dee kahora baasa" (aich. see. bee.) dwara kiya jaataa thaa aur sanyukt roop seey mosambic key swaamitva mein thaa, jisamen 18 pratishat hissedari thee, aur portugal, jisamen shesh 82 pratishat hissedari thee. 27 navambar 2007 koo, mosambic ney portugal seey baandh kaa niyantran grahan curr liya, jaba portugal ney apani 82 pratishat hissedari mosambic koo betch dee. vitt mantri fernando texera doss santos ney kahaa kii portugal dakshini africa kii sabse badee panbijali pariyojana key apane hisse kii bikri seey hamein $950 million (€750 million) ekatra karega. portugal ney 15 pratishat hissedari rakhee, halanki usane baad key charan mein ack aur 10 pratishat koo ack niveshak koo bechane kii yojana banaai jise mosambic sarkaar dwara prastaavit kiya jaayega. portugal key pradhaan mantri, jose socrets ney maanchitra kii aadhikarik yatra key dauran mosambican sarkaar key saath samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye. iss samjhaute ney portugal aur usake poorv kshetra key beach company parr dashakon key vivaad koo samaapt curr diyaa, jise "hydroelectrica dee kahora baasa" kahaa jaataa haye. kendriya asahamati portugal key liye company key anumaanit 2.20 karod dollar (€17 karod) key rinn koo sambhaalane parr thee. mosambican adhikaariyon ney tark diyaa kii unhone rinn kii guaranti naheen dee thee aur isaliye bhugtan key liye uttardaayi naheen honah chaahiye.
swatantra mosambic.
mosambic 25 juuna 1975 koo purtagaal seey swatantra hoe gayaa. bund honey key baad seey, zambezi, joe africa kii chauthi sabse badee baadh kshetra nadee haye, koo bahut adhik viniyamit pravaah darr millie haye, lekin vinashkari praakritik baadh abhee bhee hoti haye. 1978 kii baadh ney 45 logon kii maut curr dee, 100,000 loga visthaapit hue aur 62 million dollar kaa nuksan huaa.
engineering salaahkaaron key anusaar, "kahora baasa key puuraa honey key baad seey yeh pahali baadh thee, aur vyaapak roop seey iss vishvaas koo nasht curr diyaa kii baandh antatah baadh koo poorna niyantran mein laayega. baandh key kaaran honey vaali paaristhitik samasyaon key adhik vivaran key liye, zambezi nadee parr lekh dekhein.
mosambican grihyuddh (1977-1992) key dauran paareshan lines koo iss hudd taka toda diyaa gayaa thaa kii 1,895 towers koo badalane kii aavashyakta thee aur line key mosambican paksh parr 893 kimmy kii doori parr 2,311 kaa navinikaran kiya gayaa thaa.
1990 key dashak mein, grih yuddh kii samaapti key baad, "hydroelectrica dee kahora baasa" (aich. see. bee.) ney pariyojana key punarvaas key liye nirmaan prabandhan, gunavatta ashvasana aur design samarthan seva karane key liye dakshin africa kii trance-africa pariyojanaon (tapp) koo niyukt kiya. consorgio italia 2000 aur annel vaali ack sanyukt udyam company koo nirmaan anubandh dene mein sahaayata praapt aich. see. bee. aur pariyojana key liye 24 maheene kii nirdhaarit avadhi nirdhaarit kii gaee thee. dakshin africa mein laainen mamuli hudd taka kshatigrast hoe gaeen aur inn lines koo vaapas sanchaalan mein laane key liye escom dwara kewal samanya rakharkhaav kii aavashyakta thee.
pariyojana parr kaam agast 1995 mein shuru huaa. mosambic mein line maarg ghaney jhaadiyon aur pafuri key paas songo seey dakshin african seema taka kathin bhoobhaag seey gujarta haye, donon daastaon key saath mosambic nagrik yuddh (1977-1992) seey barudi surangon seey prabhaavit haye jise nirmaan kaary shuru honey seey pahale saaf karane kii aavashyakta thee. baad mein bhaari, bemausam barish ney karyakram koo iss hudd taka prabhaavit kiya kii pahali line kewal agast 1997 mein aur doosari usee varsh navambar mein poori kii jaa sakee. navinikaran avadhi key dauran, null ney samagr karyakram anusuchi aur pariyojana laagat mein sudhaar key liye vibhinn design aur nirmaan vidhiyon koo vikasit aur lagu kiya. charam paristhitiyon key bavjood, jinake bheetar unhein inn lines kaa navinikaran aur punarnirmaan karna thaa, kaam nirdhaarit samay key bheetar aur seemit bajat key saath puuraa kiya gayaa thaa. lines koo puuraa honey key baad seey, kaee parikshanon key adheen kiya gayaa haye aur isaki poori kshamata key liye sakriya kiya gayaa haye. nirmaan key charam avadhi key dauran lagbhag 1,100 logon koo rojgar diyaa gayaa thaa.
farwari 2000 key dauran limpopo nadee ghaati mein barish aur gambhir baadh ney phir seey donon lines koo iss hudd taka nuksan pahunchaaya kii lagbhag 10 tower dhaha gaye aur dakshin africa koo bijli aapoorti bahaal karane key liye cumm seey cumm sambhav samay seema key bheetar punarnirmaan kii aavashyakta haye. aich. see. bee. ney phir seey engineering, khareed aur nirmaan prabandhan sevaaon key liye null kaa kaam saunpa. null ack line key madhyam seey asthaayi roop seey bijli kii aapoorti bahaal karane mein kamyab rhaa, jabaki doosari line parr ack adhik sthaayi samadhan kiya jaa sakata thaa. punarnirmit line kaa upayog poori line kshamata koo leey jaane key liye kiya jaataa haye. asthaayi aapoorti koo punarpraapt karane key liye null koo aparamparaagat nirmaan takneekon koo lagu karna padaa. nadee paar karane key buggle mein sthit nilamban towers ney 711 meater key star key bhoobhaag kii aavashyak manjuri praapt karane key liye ack asthaayi bijli samadhan key liye ack mahatvapurna chunauti pesh kii.
27 aprail, 2009 koo bijli station koo toda-phod karane key kathit prayaas mein jheel mein "atyadhik sankshaarak" padaarth daalane key liye chaar videshi nagrikon koo giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. giraftar kiye gaye vyakti ney daavaa kiya kii vaha africa key sangathan kaa ack dall haye, joe baandh kii etheric oorjaa (jeevan shakti) kii gunavatta mein sudhaar key liye jheel mein organite key tukade rakhta haye.
2005 seey, iss kshetra koo sinh sanrakshan ikai maanaa jaataa haye.
sambandhit aarthik gatividhiyaan.
paschimi mosambic mein zambezi nadee parr sthit kahora baasa dwara utpann adhikansh bijli, paas key dakshin africa koo bechi jaati haye. 2006 mein, kahora baasa ney lagbhag 1,920 megawatt bijli kaa sanchaar kiya, lekin buniyaadi dhancha uchch utpaadan star mein saksham haye aur company ney 2008 taka apane utpaadan koo lagbhag doguna karane kii yojana banaai thee. 1994 mein mosambic mein kull sthaapit kshamata 2,400 megawatt thee jisamen seey 91 pratishat panbijali thee.
jalaashay mein kaafee kapenta matsya paalan vikasit huaa haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii kapenta kii utpatti kariba jheel seey hui haye jahan ise tanganyika jheel seey pesh kiya gayaa thaa. 2003 mein kahora baasa baandh mein kapenta kaa vaarshik jalgrahan 10,000 tunn seey adhik hoe gayaa.
yeh vyaapak roop seey maanaa jaataa haye kii baandh key ander zambezi shark kii ack prajanan coloney haye joe "fansi hui" haye. jaisa kii bail shark 100 kimmy seey adhik oopar kii or yatra karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, yeh ghatana maujooda vaigyaanik aur javic tathya key saath sangharsh naheen karati haye. aamtaur parr ack mahasagar mein rahane vaali prajaati, bail shark apane poore jivankal key liye taaje paani mein rahane mein poori tarah seey saksham hain. sthaaniya janjaatiyon ney vaastav mein shark key iss alag-thalag samudaay dwara dekhe jaane (aur hamalon) kii soochana dee haye, halanki inhen abhee taka thhos sabooton key saath pramaanit naheen kiya gayaa haye.

