
hathidant tata kaa itihas (1960-1999)

4 disambar, 1958 koo, hathidant tata francisi samudaay key bheetar ack sadasya raajya bunn gayaa. 7 agast, 1960 koo hathidant tata ney france seey apani poorna swatantrata praapt kii, aur swatantrata key baad felix haufoot-boigni pahale rashtrapati baney.
1960-70 key dashak mein chhaatr sakriyata.
1960 aur 1970 key dashak mein chhatron ney chhaatr karyakarta samoohon mein sangathit honah shuru kiya, jinamen seey kuchh ney haufoot-boigni shasson kaa virodh kiya.
1969 mein, shasson ney chhatron aur chhatron key sangathan, coat dee 'evoire (frenchah "mouvement des etudiants et eleves de cote d' ivoaire" yaa meesee) key chhatron aur chhatron key andolan koo khojane mein madad kii. messi shuru seey hii shasson seey nikatata seey judaa huaa thaa. isaki sansthaapak congress 3 seey 5 aprail, 1969 taka abidjan mein coat dee 'ivore (pee. dee. see. aaee.) key loktaantrik party key karyalaya mein aayojit kii gaee thee. tanoh brow antoine (baad mein paryaavaran mantri) koo karyakari samiti kaa adhyaksh chunaa gayaa thaa.
meesee key gathan ney chhatron key beach virodh koo uksaayaa, kyonki samooh koo pcdi koo nigrani pradaan karane key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa. 1971 mein, abidjan vishvavidyalaya key chhatron ney meesee key virodh mein raajneetik roop seey swatantra chhatron aur chhatron key trade union off coat dee 'evoire (fraansisih union syndical days alves attudents dee coat dee' evoire yaa ucc) kii sthaapana kii. nae andolan koo shasson dwara turant dabaa diyaa gayaa. isake netaaon koo saat maheene taka seguela mein sainya shivir mein kaid kiya gayaa thaa. sarkaar ney chhatron koo yeh pratigya karane key liye majboor kiya kii way vishvavidyalaya mein baney rahane key liye sarkaar virodhi sakriyata mein shamil naheen honge.
houfoot-boigni shasson.
anya african deshon key uttar-aupaniveshik netaaon kii tulanaa mein, felix haufoot-boigni kii neetiyaan paschimi samarthak theen. haufoot-boigni ney paschim key prati ack bund raajneetik nishtha banaae rakhee, jabaki kaee anya netaa saamyvaad kii or rukh curr gaye. swatantrata key baad, haufoot-boigni ney france key saath ghanishth sambandh banaae rakhaa. hathidant tata parr ack badhata huaa francisi pravaasi samudaay thaa, aur kaee francisi pravasiyon ney hathidant tata takniki sahaayata pradaan kii. aarthik muddon key alawa, sainya muddon mein bhee france key saath sahyog sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. houfoot-boigni ney francisi bull kii sthaayi upasthiti koo ack suraksha key roop mein maanaa joe desh kii suraksha kii guaranti detaa haye.
haufoot-boigni ney ack-pakshiya shasson banaae rakhaa. haalaanki, unhone aksar apani shakti aur tanashahi koo banaae rakhane key liye naram aur cumm pratyaksh ranneeti kaa upayog kiya. vaha apane raajneetik virodhiyon koo sattaaroodh dall mein laakar, samjhauta karke, sahyog kii peshkash karke, aadi parr vijay praapt karenge. haalaanki, unake apane pee. dee. see. aaee. koo chhodkar harr raajneetik dall parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. haufoot-boigni ney 1993 mein apani mrityu taka swatantrata key baad seey harr rashtrapati chunaav jeetaa.
unaki sarkaar key tahat, hathidant tata ney udaar mukt bajar arthavyavastha kaa maarg apanaaya aur apane nakadi fasal kshetra kaa vistaar kiya. yeh duniya mein coffey aur koko key sabse badey utpadakon mein seey ack bunn gayaa. 1955 mein, coffey aur koko kii kimaton koo niyantrit karane key liye "cases dee stabilisation aitt dee sautiyen days prix agricols" (castab) kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. 1980 key dashak kii shuruat taka hathidant tata parr una upa-sahaara raajyon mein seey ack thaa jahan petroleum naheen thaa. ise "hathidant chamatkar" kahaa jaataa thaa.
haalaanki, 1980 key dashak mein, coffey aur koko kii kimaton mein girawat aaee. moolya sthirata kosh seey lais, sarkaar ney kisaanon koo unake utpaadon key liye bajar mein paryaapt moolya naheen milane parr moolya antar kaa bhugtan karane kaa vaadaa kiya. haalaanki, kimaton mein girawat jaari rahee, fund jaldi sookh gayaa, kisaanon koo subsidy mein katauti karni padee, aur hathidant tata kaa baahari rinn badh gayaa. rajaswa mein girawat key kaaran sarkaar koo apane kharch koo samaayojit karane key liye majboor honah padaa. kaee kshetron mein, vishesh roop seey shiksha mein, sarkari dhana mein katauti kii gaee thee. sivil sevakon aur chhatron key netritva mein virodh pradarshanon ney sarkaar koo 1990 mein chunaav karaane aur bahudaliya pranali apanaane key liye majboor curr diyaa.
1990 key chunaav mein dou pramukh raajneetik dall they ivorian lokpriya morcha (aff. pee. aaee.), jisaki sthaapana laurent bagbo ney kii thee, aur sattaaroodh pee. dee. see. aaee.. haufoot-boigni ney 1990 mein pahala bahudaliya rashtrapati chunaav jeetaa, jisamen 80 pratishat seey adhik vote mille. haalaanki, 1993 mein jald hii unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
bediya.
heinry connon beddy rashtrapati key roop mein haufoot-boigni key uttaradhikari baney. aarthik sthiti abhee bhee asthir thee. beddy parr bhrashtachar, raajneetik daman kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. unhone rashtravadi aur videshi virodhi neetiyon koo apanaaya jaise kii "ivoirit", joe apravasi prishthabhoomi vaale kaee logon koo napsand karati thee. hathidant tata key bheetar tanaav badhata rhaa. 23 disambar, 1999 koo sainikon key ack samooh ney vidroh kiya. agale dinn key takhtapalat mein beddy koo ukhaad fenka gayaa.

