
margaret bentinuck, portland kii duchess

margaret cavendish bentinuck, duchess off portland (11 farwari 1715-17 julaai 1785) ack british abhijaat, shally kii lady margaret harley 1734 seey pahale, 1734 seey portland kii duchess seey 1761 mein apane pati kii mrityu taka, aur 1761 seey 1785 mein apani mrityu taka portland kii duchez theen.
duchess apane samay kii mahaan britten kii sabse ameer mahila theen aur unake paas desh kaa sabse badaa praakritik itihas sangrah thaa, joe apane swayam key curator, parson-prakritivaadi johnn lightfoot aur swedish vanaspatishastri daniel solander key saath puuraa huaa. unake sangrah mein portland phuldan jaisi mahangi kalaa vastuein shamil theen. apane sangrah key liye unaki mahatvakanksha pratyek jeevit prajaati koo shamil karane aur uska varnan karane kii thee.
vaha bluestockings kii sadasya theen, joe mahilaaon key netritva mein samajik buddhijiviyon kaa ack samooh thaa aur isaki sthaapana unaki mahaan mitra elizabeth montagu ney kii thee.
praarambhik jeevan.
vaha oxford key dusare earl aur mortimer, granth-premi, sangrahakarta aur kalaa kii sanrakshak, aur poorv mahila henrita holes (1694-1755, nucasal key pahale duke aur unaki patni, poorv mahila margaret cavendish kii ekmatra santan aur uttaradhikari) kii ekmatra jeevit santan thee.
lady margaret cambridgeshire key vimpol holl mein pully-badhee, joe kitaabon, chitron, murtikala seey ghiri hui thee aur alekjendar pope, jonathan swift aur maithyu jaise lekhakon key saath-saath abhijaat varg aur raajnetaon key saath thee. ack bachche key roop mein, unhone paltu jaanvaron aur praakritik itihas kii vastuon (vishesh roop seey seashell) koo ekatra kiya aur unake pitaa aur unake daadaa, oxford aur mortimer key pahale earl dwara aisaa karane key liye protsaahit kiya gayaa.
vivaah aur vivaad.
19 saal kii umr mein, 11 julaai 1734 koo, oxford chappel, marylebone mein, unhone portland key dusare duke, apani 'sweet will' seey shaadi kii, aur baad mein unake chhah bachche hue (sabhi kaa janm wellbeck abby mein huaa):
1738-1756 mein vidwan elizabeth elstob unaki shikshika theen.
ack sangrahakarta key roop mein.
unaki shaadi key baad navambar taka, unake sangrah ney gati pakad lii thee, jisamen sajawati aur lalit kalaaon key saath-saath praakritik itihas bhee shamil thaa. (vaha pahale seey hii arundel sangrah kii uttaradhikari thee.) buckinghamshire mein unake ghar, bullstroad holl ney parinamon koo rakhane key liye jagah pradaan kii, aur unake swatantra bhaagya kaa matlab thaa kii laagat koee vastu naheen thee (1755 mein unaki maan kii mrityu parr unhein nottinghamshire mein wellbeck kii sampatti bhee viraasat mein millie). duchess aur unake vanaspatividon, keetvidon aur pakshividon kii team, daniel solander (1736-82, seashells aur keedon mein visheshagyata) aur raved johnn lightfoot (1735-88, unake librarian aur paadari, aur ack visheshagya vanaspatishastri) dwara sangrah parr kiye gaye gahan kaam key liye bullstroad koo darbar key halakon mein "chhatte" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. unakaa sangrah, kaee samaan samkaaleen sangrhon key vipareet, achchi tarah seey curated thaa.
1766 mein, jeenavan romantic aur daarshanik jeane-jacks russo ney bentinuck seey mulakat kii, vanaspati vigyaan key baare mein unake gyaan kii prashansa kii, unaki raay key bavjood kii mahilaaen vaigyaanik naheen hoe sakati hain, aur unhone apani "jadee-bootiyon" (paadap sangraahak) key roop mein apani sevaaon kii peshkash kii. usane russo key saath taba taka patrachar kiya jaba taka kii usane usey george rump key "herberium amboinance" kii ack prati naheen bheji, joe abb indoneshiya mein amboyna kii ack vanaspati vigyaan haye, kyonki usane mahsoos kiya kii yeh unake swatantra prakriti key aadarsh kaa virodh kartaa haye.
bullstroad mein portland sangrahalaya apane chidiyaghar, pakshiyon kishala aur vishal vanaspati udyaan key saath agantukon key liye khula thaa. kaee aaeh vidwan, daarshanik, vaigyaanik aur yahaan taka kii shaahi parivaar bhee, aur sangrah ack "kaaran sangrah" bunn gayaa. unake saathi collector horres walpole ney iss parr tippani keeh
yaa, shrimati delany (ack vanaspati kalakar aur lambe samay seey dost) key shabdon menh
unake sangrah koo unake rachanaatmak parivesh seey bhee protsaahit kiya gayaa thaah duchess aur mairi delany donon bluestockings key sadasya they, kuleen mahilaaon kaa ack samooh joe apane ling key sadasyon key liye bauddhik avsaron koo badhaane kii maang curr rahee thee.
unakaa praakritik sangrah apane samay kaa sabse badaa aur sabse prasiddh thaa, jisamen kuchh bhaugolik seemaaen theen; isamen lapland aur dakshin samudra donon kii vastuein shamil theen (unhone james cook koo sanrakshan diyaa aur vikretaon key madhyam seey unaki doosari yatra seey gole khareede). unhone isake namoonon koo kheencha aur darj kiya, unhein prakaar prajaatiyon mein naveen roop seey chhantaaya aur unhein portland phuldan jaise pracheen avasheshon key saath pradarshit kiya, jise unhone surr villium hamilton seey kharida thaa.
lightfoot ney baad mein 1786 kii nilami soochi key parichay mein likhaa kii yeh unakaa irada thaa kii prakriti key teen raajyon mein harr agyaat prajaati kaa varnan kiya jaae aur duniya key saamane prakaashit kiya jaae, lekin 1783 mein solander kii mrityu aur dou saal baad unaki apani mrityu ney ise whiffle curr diyaa. unaki mrityu parr, unake bachchon kii sangrah mein ruchi naheen honey key kaaran, unake bete kaa raajneetik currier vittaposhan key liye aur unake lendaaron kii bhugtan kii maang key kaaran, yeh unaki ichcha thee kii ise becha jaae. 24 aprail seey 3 julaai 1786 taka unake whitehall awas parr 4,000 seey adhik lott kii nilami mein sangrah koo poori tarah seey bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa. saikadon logon ney bhaag liya, halanki nilami mein unake parivaar dwara kuchh lalit aur sajawati kalaaon koo vaapas khareed liya gayaa thaa, jisamen portland phuldan aur ack chaandi-soney kii mithaai seva key tukade shamil they, joe duchess ney khud koo design kiya thaa, joe utkrisht roop seey model kiye gaye keedon key saath reng rahey they. halanki, vishal bahumat gayaa, jisamen poore praakritik itihas sangrah shamil they; walpole record haye kii kewal aathh dinon mein "gole, ayask, jeevaashm, pakshiyon key andey aur praakritik itihas key alawa anya vastuen shamil theen."portland sangrahalaya kii imarat key kewal tukade hii bache hain, kyonki 19veen shatabdi mein bullstroad koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
pandulipiyon aur vishesh sangrah vibhaag, nottingham vishvavidyalaya portland (wellbeck) sangrah key hisse key roop mein duchess off portland (peedblue ee) key kuchh vyaktigat patra aur patrachar rakhta haye. harley gallery key treasury sangrahalaya mein portland sangrah seey vastuon key badalate pradarshan dikhaae gaye hain.
aspatal kaa gathan.
daches una 21 hastaksharkartaon mein seey ack theen jinhone foundling aspatal kii sthaapana key liye mahilaaon kii yachika parr hastakshar kiye they. inn 'gunavatta aur vishishtata kii mahilaaon' ney ingland key pahale foundling aspatal key nirmaan key liye thomas koram key abhiyaan kaa samarthan kiya; unhone 7 maee 1735 koo king george dwiteeya koo unaki yachika parr hastakshar kiye. anathon aur parityakt bachchon key liye ack ghar kii aavashyakta kii unaki maanyata koram kii pariyojana kaa samarthan karane key liye purush rishtedaron koo protsaahit karane mein mahatvapurna thee. unake prabhaav key parinamswarup, unhone 1737 mein dou aur yachikaon key liye kuleen varg, peshevaron, sajjanon aur nyaypalika seey hastakshar praapt kiye. 1739 mein ack shaahi charter pradaan kiya gayaa thaa, jiss parr unake pati, villium bentinuck, pahale hastaksharkartaon mein seey ack they. usake pitaa, edward harley ney usee dinn koram key sajjanon kii yachika parr hastakshar kiye.
viraasat.
madhya landan mein margaret street kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.

