
yahudi isai

yahudi isai ack yahudi dhaarmik sampradaay key anuyaayi they joe doosari mandir avadhi (pahali shatabdi esvi) key anta mein yahudi mein ubhare they. yeye yahudi yeeshu koo bhavishyavani kiya gayaa masiha maanate they, lekin yahudi kaanoon kaa paalan karate rahey. yahudi isai dharm praarambhik isai dharm kii neenv haye, joe baad mein catholic aur purvi roodhivaadi isai dharm mein vikasit huaa. isai dharm kii shuruat yahudi ascatological apekshaon key saath hui, aur yeh yeeshu kii parthiv sevkai, unake croose parr chadhaae jaane aur unake anuyaayiyon key croose parr chadhaae jaane key baad key anubhavon key baad unaki pooja mein vikasit huaa. yeeshu key pahale anuyaayiyon key liye uchit padnam key baare mein aadhunik chhatravritti ack chala rahee bahas mein luggy hui haye. kaee loga yahudi isai shabd koo kaalaatit maanate hain kyonki isai dharm key janm kii tarikh parr koee aam sahamati naheen haye. kuchh aadhunik vidvaanon ney mool sandarbh koo behtar dhang seey darshaate hue "yeeshu mein yahudi vishvaasiyon" yaa "yeeshu key yahudi anuyaayiyon" key padnaamon kaa sujhaav diyaa haye.
yahudi isai mukhyadhara key yahudi dharm seey alag hoe gaye, antatah ack alpasankhyak varg bunn gaye joe jyaadaatar paanchvin shatabdi taka gayab hoe gaye they. yahudi-isai susamachar tukadon koo chhodkar khou gaye hain, isaliye iss samooh dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale shaastron key baare mein kaafee anishchitata haye.
isai dharm aur yahudi dharm kaa vibhajan pahali shataabdiyon esvi key dauran huaa thaa. jabaki pahala yahudi-roman yuddh aur 70 esvi mein dusare mandir kaa vinash mukhya ghatanaaen theen, algaav ack deerghakaalik prakriya thee, jisamen seemaaen spasht naheen theen.
vyutpatti.
praarambhik yahudi isai (i.ee. yeeshu key yahudi anuyaayi) khud koo "maarg" (: haye hodos) key anuyaayiyon key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain, joe shayed "main maarg, satya aur jeevan huun" seey aaa rhaa haye. merey madhyam seey aaney key alawa koee bhee pitaa key paas naheen aataa haye."key anusaar," "isai" "() shabd kaa upayog pahali baar antakia shahar mein yeeshu key shishyon key sandarbh mein kiya gayaa thaa, jiska arth haye" "masih key anuyaayi", "antakia key gair-yahudi nivaasiyon dwara. isai dharm" () shabd kaa sabse pahala darj upayog lagbhag 100 esvi mein antakia key ignatius dwara kiya gayaa thaa.
yahudi isai" shabd aadhunik aitihaasik granthon mein yahudi mool key isaaiyon key saath gair-yahudi isaaiyon key vipareet dikhaai detaa haye, donon nae vasiyatnama church aur doosari aur baad kii shataabdiyon kii charcha mein. 
utpatti.
yahudi-hellenistic prishthabhoomi.
hellinism.
isai dharm pahali shatabdi esvi key samanvayavaadi hellenistic duniya key bheetar ack farisi andolan key roop mein ubhara, jisamen roman kaanoon aur yunani sanskriti kaa prabhutva thaa. yunani sanskriti kaa israel kii bhoomi aur pravaasi donon mein yahoodiyon key reeti-rivaajon aur prathaon parr gahara prabhaav padaa. yahudi dharm mein pravesh ney yahudi pravasiyon mein yunani yahudi dharm koo janm diyaa, jinhone yunani dharm kii sanskriti aur bhasha key bheetar ack breik-yahudi dhaarmik parampara sthaapit karane kii koshish kii.
yunani yahudi dharm teesari shatabdi eesaa poorv seey tolemic misra mein fail gayaa, aur yunan, anatolia, seeriya, judia aur misra parr roman vijay key baad ack ullekhaniya "dhaarmik lichita" bunn gayaa, jaba taka kii teesari shatabdi mein nosticism aur praarambhik isai dharm key uday key samanantar isake patan taka.
berton mack aur kuchh commentators key anusaar, maanav jaati key uddhaar key liye yeeshu kii mrityu kaa isai drishtikon kewal ack narakgrast parivesh mein hii sambhav thaa.
yahudi sampradaay.
pahali shatabdi esvi kii shuruat key dauran, pavitra bhoomi mein kaee pratispardhi yahudi sampradaay they aur joe rabbiyon key yahudi dharm aur proto-orthodox isai dharm bunn gaye, unamen seey kewal dou they. vahaan farisi, sadook aur utsaahi they, lekin anya cumm prabhaavshaali sampradaay bhee they, jinamen saar bhee shamil they. eesaa poorv pahali shatabdi aur pahali shatabdi esvi mein karishmai dhaarmik netaaon kii badhati sankhya ney rabbi yahudi dharm key mishna mein yogdan diyaa; yeeshu key mantralaya seey pahale yahudi isai samudaay kaa uday hoga.
susamacharon mein farisiyon kii kadee nindaaen hain, haalaanki susamachar key vachanon mein torah kii hillel kii vyakhya kaa spasht prabhaav haye. masihi yug mein mritakon key punrutthan mein vishvaas ack mool farisi siddhant thaa.
yahudi aur isai masihiwad.
yeeshu kii adhikansh shikshaaen dusare mandir key yahudi dharm key sandarbh mein bodhgamya aur sweekarya theen; jiss baat ney isaaiyon koo yahoodiyon seey alag kiya vaha thaa masih mein unakaa vishvaas joe punrutthan key baad masiha key roop mein thaa. jabaki isai dharm kewal ack antim masiha koo sweekaar kartaa haye, yahudi dharm koo kaee masihaaon kii avadharana koo dhaaran karane key liye kahaa jaa sakata haye. dou sabse praasangik masiha bayne joseph aur paaramparik masiha bayne david hain. kuchh vidvaanon ney tark diyaa haye kii dou masihaaon kaa vichaar, ack peedit aur doosara paaramparik masihi bhoomika koo puuraa karna, pracheen yahudi dharm key liye maanak thaa, joe yeeshu seey pahale thaa. yeeshu koo kaee loga ack yaa donon key roop mein dekhate honge.
yahudi masihiwad kii jadein eesaa poorv doosari shatabdi seey pahali shatabdi taka key sarvanash saahitya mein hain, joe usa samay key videshi shasakon key sthaan parr israel key "ishwar key raajya" koo punarjeevit karane key liye ack bhavishya key "abhishikt" netaa yaa masiha kaa vaadaa kartaa haye. shaay jey key anusaar.dee. phir, ack swatantra israel sthaapit karane mein yeeshu kii viphalata, aur romanon key haathon unaki mrityu, kaee yahoodiyon ney unhein masiha key roop mein aswikar curr diyaa. usa samay yahudi ack masiha key roop mein ack sainya netaa kii ummeed curr rahey they, jaise kii baar kokhba.
yeeshu.
isai vichaar.
isai sampradayon key anusaar, unaki mrityu key baad yeeshu kaa shaaririk punrutthan yeeshu key jeevan aur mrityu kii mahatvapurna ghatana haye, jaisa kii susamachar aur patron mein varnit haye. apane jeevan kii ghatnaaon key dashakon baad likhe gaye susamacharon key anusaar, yeeshu ney pahali shatabdi kii shuruat mein ack seey teen saal kii avadhi key liye prachaar kiya. unake shikshan mantralaya, beemar aur viklangon koo thheek karane aur vibhinn chamatkaron koo karane key baad, jerusalam mein roman adhikaariyon key haathon unake croose parr chadhaae jaane kii parinati hui. apani mrityu key baad, vaha apane anuyaayiyon key saamane prakat hue, joe mrityu seey punarjeevit hue. chaalees dinon key baad vaha swarg mein chadh gayaa, lekin usake anuyaayiyon kaa maanana thaa kii vaha jald hii ishwar key raajya kii shuruat karane key liye vaapas aaa jaayega aur mritakon key punrutthan aur antim nirnay jaisi baaki masihi bhavishyavani koo puuraa karega.
vidvaanon key vichaar.
uchch aalochana key samarthakon kaa daavaa haye kii yeeshu key mission kii vyakhya kaise kii jaae, unhein pahali shatabdi key madhya purvi yahudi key roop mein sandarbh mein samajha jaanaa chaahiye.
susamachar aakhyanon mein ullikhit yeeshu key jeevan key vivaran aur unaki shikshaon key arth parr vidvaanon key beach vyaapak asahamati haye. vidwan aksar itihas key yeeshu aur vishvaas key masih key beach antar karate hain, aur iss sambandh mein dou alag-alag vivaran paae jaa sakate hain. iss vishay parr paaramparik vidvata paaramparik dharamshastra parr adharit thee. isane paul parr jore diyaa, aur james aur yeeshu mein praarambhik vishvaas key yahudi aadhar parr jore naheen diyaa. aadhunik vidvata yeeshu aur unake yahudi anuyaayiyon koo pahali shatabdi key yahudi dharm kii maanyataon aur paramparaon parr adharit maanati haye.
aalochanatmak vidvata ney yeeshu key baare mein adhikansh aakhyanon koo pauranik key roop mein hataa diyaa haye, aur mukhyadhara key aitihaasik drishtikon yeh haye kii jabaki susamachar mein kaee pauranik tatva shamil hain, yeye ack aitihaasik yeeshu key vivaranon mein jode gaye dhaarmik vistaar hain jinhen pahali shatabdi key roman praant judia mein roman prefect pontius pilate key tahat suulii parr chadhaaya gayaa thaa. unake shesh shishyon koo baad mein vishvaas huaa kii unakaa punrutthan hoe gayaa haye.
aitihaasik yeeshu key paanch chitra mukhyadhara key vidvaanon dwara samarthit hain, arthaat sarvanashkari paigambar, karishmai chikitsak, sanaki daarshanik, yahudi masiha aur samajik parivartan key paigambar.
praarambhik yahudi isai dharm.
adhikansh itihaaskaar iss baat seey sahmat hain kii yeeshu yaa unake anuyaayiyon ney ack nae yahudi sampradaay kii sthaapana kii, jisane yahudi aur gair-yahudi donon dharm parivartanon koo aakarshit kiya. yeeshu key yahudi anuyaayiyon, yeeshu key shishyon aur pahale anuyaayiyon kii aatm-dhaarana, vishvaas, reeti-rivaaj aur paramparaaen pahali shatabdi key yahudi dharm mein adharit theen. nae vasiyatnama vidwan bart dee. pahali shatabdi esvi mein kaee praarambhik isai dharm maujood they, jinase vibhinn isai paramparaon aur sampradayon kaa vikas huaa, jinamen proto-orthodox, marcionites, nostics aur yeeshu key yahudi anuyaayi shamil they. dharamshastri james dee. jee. lekin, chaar prakaar key praarambhik isai dharm koo pahachaana jaa sakata haih yahudi isai dharm, hellenistic isai dharm, sarvanashkari isai dharm, aur praarambhik catholic dharm.
yeeshu key pahale anuyaayi anivarya roop seey sabhi jaatiya roop seey yahudi yaa yahudi dharmaantarit they. yeeshu yahudi thaa, yahudi logon koo upadesh detaa thaa, aur unase apane pahale anuyaayiyon koo bulaata thaa. mcgrath key anusaar, yahudi isai, wafadar dhaarmik yahoodiyon key roop mein, "apane andolan koo samkaaleen yahudi dharm key harr pahalu kii pushti key roop mein maanate they, jisamen ack atirikt vishvaas jodaa gayaa thaa-kii yeeshu masiha they."
yahudi isai yahudi andolan key mool sadasya they joe baad mein isai bunn gayaa. praarambhik charan mein samudaay una sabhi yahoodiyon seey banaa thaa joe maanate they kii yeeshu yahudi masiha they. jaise-jaise isai dharm badhata gayaa aur vikasit hotaa gayaa, yahudi isai praarambhik isai samudaay kaa kewal ack hissa bunn gaye, jisaki visheshta haye kii yeeshu key masih key roop mein sweekaarokti key saath torah kaa nirantar paalan aur yahudi paramparaon jaise kii sabt paalan, yahudi calender, yahudi kaanoonon aur reeti-rivaajon, khatna, kosher aahar aur aradhanalaya mein upasthiti, aur yeeshu key shuruati anuyaayiyon key saath ack pratyaksh aanuvanshik sambandh.
jerusalam "acclessia".
jerusalam church jerusalam mein sthit ack praarambhik isai samudaay thaa, jisamen james dha just, yeeshu key bhaai aur peater netaa they. paul iss samudaay key sampark mein thaa. yeeshu key roop seey vaidh, peater jerusalam "acclesia" key pahale netaa they. james dha just, "dha brother off dha lord" ney jald hii unhein iss netritva mein grahan curr liya, joe yeh samajha sakata haye kii praarambhik granthon mein peater key baare mein durlabh jaankaari kyon haye. ludeman key anusaar, yahudi kaanoon key paalan kii sakhti key baare mein charchaon mein, peater kii adhik udaar sthiti kii tulanaa mein james dha just kaa adhik roodhivaadi drishtikon adhik vyaapak roop seey sweekaar kiya gayaa, jinhone jald hii prabhaav khou diyaa. dunn key anusaar, yeh "satta kaa hadapana" naheen thaa, balki missionary gatividhiyon mein peater kii bhagidari kaa parinam thaa.
eusebius key "church itihas" key anusaarah jerusalam key pahale 15 isai bishap "khatna key they. romanon ney varsh 135 mein baar kokhba vidroh key dauran jerusalam mein yahudi netritva koo nasht curr diyaa, lekin paaramparik roop seey yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii jerusalam key isai decapolis mein pella mein yahudi-roman yuddhon kaa intezar karate they.
vishvaas.
paul key patron mein paul seey pahale key ack uchch masih mein vishvaas key panth, yaa vishvaas key sweekaarokti shamil hain, aur yeeshu key bhaai james key aspas praarambhik jerusalam church key vishvaas key baare mein aavashyak jaankaari dete hain. iss samooh ney jee uthhe masih kii pooja kii, joe kaee vyaktiyon key saamane prakat hue they, jaisa kii philipiyon mein 2:6-11, masih bhajan, joe yeeshu koo ack avtaar aur baad mein uchch swargiya prani key roop mein chitrit kartaa haye.
masiha/masih.
praarambhik isai yeeshu koo masiha maanate they, joe vaadaa kiya gayaa raajaa thaa joe yahudi raajya aur swatantrata koo bahaal karega. yahudi masihiwad kii jadein doosari shatabdi eesaa poorv seey pahali shatabdi eesaa poorv key sarvanash saahitya mein hain, joe usa samay key videshi shasakon key sthaan parr, israel key "ishwar key raajya" koo bahaal karane key liye ack bhavishya key "abhishikt" netaa yaa masiha kaa vaadaa kartaa haye. yeh celeucid samrajya key khilaf nirdeshit mcabian vidroh key saath mell khaata thaa. hasmonian samrajya key patan key baad, yeh judia praant key roman prashaasan key khilaf nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa, joe josephus key anusaar, quirinius (6 esvi) kii janganana key dauran utsaahi aur sikari key gathan key saath shuru huaa, halanki 66 esvi mein pahale yahudi-roman yuddh taka poorna paimaane parr khula vidroh naheen huaa thaa.
punrutthan.
nae vasiyatname key anusaar, kuchh isaaiyon ney bataaya kii way yeeshu key croose parr chadhaae jaane key baad unakaa saamana karane aae they. unhone tark diyaa kii unakaa punrutthan hoe gayaa thaa (masihi yug mein mritakon key punrutthan mein vishvaas ack mool farisi siddhant thaa), aur jald hii ishwar key raajya kii shuruat karane aur baaki masihi bhavishyavani jaise kii mritakon key punrutthan aur antim nirnay koo puuraa karane key liye lautenge.
punrutthan key anubhav.
 ack praarambhik gawahi detaa haye, joe paul koo dee gaee thee, yeeshu key praayashchit aur "kefa aur baarah" aur "james [koo jee uthhe masih key prakat honey key baare mein...] aur sabhi prerit ", sambhavatah dou praarambhik isai samoohon key sanyojan koo darshaate hainh
gezaa worms key anusaar, punrutthan kii avadharana ney "unake utthaan mein vishvaas kaa praarambhik charan" banaaya, joe "vijayi masih kaa apogi" haye. praarambhik samudaayon kii mukhya chinta yeeshu kii apekshit vaapsee haye, aur ack parivartit shareer key saath ishwar key raajya mein vishvaasiyon kaa pravesh haye.
eherman key anusaar, punrutthan key anubhav yeeshu kii mrityu key baad unake shishyon key achaanak mohbhang key liye ack incar pratikriya they. eherman key anusaar, unake kuchh anuyaayiyon ney unhein phir seey jeevit dekhane kaa daavaa kiya, jisake parinamswarup kaee kahaaniyan saamane aaeen, jinase dusaron koo vishvaas huaa kii yeeshu mrityu seey jee uthhe they aur swarg mein unnat hue they.
paula frederickson key anusaar, apane anuyaayiyon parr yeeshu kaa prabhaav itna badaa thaa kii way unaki mrityu mein nihit viphalata koo sweekaar naheen curr sakey. frederickson key anusaar, apani mrityu seey pahale yeeshu ney apane vishvaasiyon key beach aisee nishchitata paida kii kii ishwar kaa raajya aur mritakon kaa punrutthan nikat thaa, kii kuchh apvaadon key saath (johnn 20:24-29) jaba unhone usey fansi key turant baad dekhaa, tou unhein koee sandeh naheen thaa kii vaha punarjeevit hoe gayaa thaa, aur mritakon kaa samanya punrutthan nikat thaa. yeye vishisht maanyataaen dusare mandir key yahudi dharm key saath sangat theen.
johann leman key anusaar, punrutthan koo unaki mrityu key baad bhee yeeshu kii upasthiti kii bhavna key roop mein samajha jaanaa chaahiye, vishesh roop seey unaki mrityu key baad bhee jaari anushthaan bhojan key dauran. unake praarambhik anuyaayi unhein ack dharmi vyakti aur paigambar maanate they, joe isaliye punarjeevit aur uchch they. samay key saath, masihi, isaihi, sarvanash aur ascatological apekshaaen yeeshu key anubhav aur samajh mein mishrit hoe gaeen, jinake prithvi parr lautane kii ummeed thee.
shaaririk punrutthan.
bahas kaa ack bindu yeh haye kii isai shaaririk punrutthan mein kaise vishvaas karane lagey, joe "yahudi dharm key bheetar ack tulanaatmak roop seey halia vikas thaa."daga osten andjo key anusaar," shareer key punrutthan kii dhaarana, jaisa kii hamane dekhaa haye, pracheen kaal mein yahudi dharm key kuchh hisson key liye agyaat naheen thee ", lekin paul ney shaaririk punrutthan key vichaar koo aswikar curr diyaa, aur yeh yahudi vichaar key taaron key bheetar bhee naheen paaya jaa sakata haye jisamen unakaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. kulee, ghaas aur makbaron key anusaar, yahudi parampara shaaririk punrutthan key bajaay nirantar aadhyatmik astitva parr jore detee haye.
phir bhee, iss vichaar kii utpatti kaa pataa aamtaur parr yahudi maanyataon seey lagaaya jaataa haye, ack drishtikon jisake khilaf steinly ee. kulee ney apatti jataai. kulee key anusaar, yahudi aur baad key isai vichaar yunani vichaaron seey prabhaavit they, jahan "punrutthan key baare mein dhaaranaaen" paaee jaa sakati hain, jinhen shayed paul dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa. eherman key anusaar, yeeshu aur moortipoojak uddhaarak-devtaon key beach adhikansh kathit samaantaaen kewal aadhunik kalpana mein maujood hain, aur aise anya logon key baare mein koee vivaran naheen haye joe kunwari maataon key ghar paida hue they aur joe paap key praayashchit key roop mein maare gaye they aur phir marey huon mein seey jee uthhe they."
mahima aur devta.
eherman key anusaar, yeeshu aur praarambhik isai dharm parr shodh mein ack kendriya prashn yeh haye kii ack manushya apekshaakrit cumm samay mein kaise devta bunn gayaa. abionites jaise yahudi isai ack dattak isai they aur yeeshu koo unaki divyata koo aswikar karate hue masiha maanate they, jabaki isai vichaaron key anya sootra yeeshu koo ack "poori tarah seey divya aakriti", ack "uchch isai dharm" maanate hain. parthiv yeeshu koo kitni jaldi bhagwan kaa avtaar maanaa gayaa, yeh vidvatapurna bahas kaa vishay haye.
philipiyon mein masih kaa bhajan haye, joe yeeshu koo ack avtaar aur baad mein uchch swargiya astitva key roop mein chitrit kartaa haih
dunn key anusaar, iss bhajan kii prishthabhoomi parr kadee bahas hui haye. kuchh loga ise yunani vishva drishtikon seey prabhaavit maanate hain. jabaki anya logon ney yahudi prabhaavon key liye tark diyaa haye. dunn key anusaar, bhajan mein aadam key paapon aur usaki avagya key saath ack virodhabhas haye. dunn aage nott kartaa haye kii bhajan koo teen-charaniya isai dharm key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, joe "pauranik poorv-itihas yaa poorv-astitva key praarambhik charan" seey shuru hotaa haye, lekin vinamrata-unnati key vipareet koo mukhya vishay maanata haye.
avtaar aur uchch masih mein yeh vishvaas unaki mrityu key kuchh saal baad aur paulin patron key lekhan seey ack dashak pahale isai parampara kaa hissa thaa. dunn key anusaar, iss bhajan kii prishthabhoomi parr kadee bahas hui haye. kuchh loga ise yunani vishva drishtikon seey prabhaavit maanate hain,
berton ell key anusaar. praarambhik isai samudaayon kii shuruat "yeeshu andolanon" seey hui, joe yeeshu naamak ack maanav shikshak parr kendrit nae dhaarmik andolan they. inmein seey kaee "yeeshu key andolanon" koo praarambhik isai lekhan mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. mack key anusaar, inn yeeshu-andolanon key bheetar 25 varshon key bheetar yeh vishvaas vikasit huaa kii yeeshu masiha they, aur mrityu seey jee uthhe they.
erman key anusaar, susamachar "nimn isai dharm" seey "uchch isai dharm" kii or vikas darshaate hain. phir bhee, ack "uchch isai dharm" unaki mrityu key kuchh varshon baad, aur paulin patron key lekhan seey ack dashak pahale isai paramparaon kaa hissa rhaa haye, joe sabse puraane isai lekhan hain. martin hengal key anusaar, jaisa kii jeremi bauma ney sankshep mein bataaya haye, paul key patron mein pahale seey hii yeeshu kii mrityu key turant baad, unake poorv-astitva key sandarbhon sahit, ack poori tarah seey vikasit isai dharm haye. engel key anusaar, johnn kaa susamachar ack aise vikas koo darshaata haye joe iss praarambhik uchch isai dharm parr adharit haye, ise yahudi gyaan paramparaon key saath jodata haye, jisamen gyaan koo moort roop diyaa gayaa thaa aur duniya mein utar aaya thaa. jabaki yeh "logos isai dharm" yunani tatvamimansa key liye pahachaana jaa sakata haye, phir bhee yeh moortipoojak sroton seey praapt naheen haye, aur engel "hellenistic rahasyavaadi panth yaa ack nostic muktidata mithak" key prabhaav key vichaar koo aswikar kartaa haye.
yahudi prathaaen aur pehchaan.
krityon kii pustak bataati haye kii praarambhik anuyaayiyon ney dainik mandir upasthiti aur paaramparik yahudi grih prarthana jaari rakhee. nae vasiyatnama susamachar key anya ansh paaramparik yahudi dharmanishtha key samaan paalan koo darshaate hain jaise kii upvaas, torah key liye sammaan aur yahudi pavitra dinon kaa paalan.
paul aur gair-yahoodiyon kaa samavesh.
tarsus key saul (paul prerit).
lairi hertado key anusaar, "paul ney jiss isai dharm aur bhakti key rukh kii pushti kii (aur praarambhik yeeshu-andolan mein dusaron key saath saajha kiya) vaha thaa... yahudi masihi aashaon key vividh nikaay key bheetar ack vishisht abhivyakti."dunn key anusaar, paul apane patron mein ack yunani isai dharm prastut kartaa haye. eherman key anusaar, "paul kaa sandesh, sankshep mein, ack gambhir isai modd key saath ack yahudi sarvanashkari ghoshana thee."
paul james dha just key netritva mein jerusalam mein praarambhik isai samudaay key sampark mein they. ack uchch aur deva yeeshu mein unaki maanyataon key tukade, jise mack "masih panth" kahata haye, paul key lekhan mein paae jaa sakate hain. nae vasiyatnama key anusaar, tarsus key shaaul ney pahale praarambhik yahudi isaaiyon koo prataadit kiya, lekin phir dharm parivartan kiya. unhone paul naam apanaaya aur gair-yahoodiyon key beach dharm parivartan karna shuru curr diyaa, aur "gair-yahoodiyon key liye prerit" kii upaadhi koo apanaaya. sant peater, paul aur anya yahudi isaaiyon ney jerusalam parishad koo bataaya kii gair-yahudi pavitra aatma praapt curr rahey they, aur isaliye jerusalam church key netaaon koo jerusalam kii parishad mein gair-yahudi dharmaantaran kii adhikansh aagyaon seey chhoot kii anumati dene key liye aashvast kiya, jisane yahudi samudaay seey parey ack bahut badey isai church kaa maarg khola.
jabaki paul praarambhik isai preriton seey prerit they, unake lekhan unaki shikshaon parr vistaar seey bataate hain, aur aisee vyaakhyaaen bhee dete hain joe anya shikshaon seey alag hain jaisa kii vihit susamachar, praarambhik krityon aur baaki nae vasiyatname mein pralekhit haye, jaise kii james kaa patra.
gair-yahoodiyon kaa samavesh.
kuchh praarambhik yahudi isaaiyon kaa maanana thaa kii gair-yahoodiyon koo bachaane key liye yahudi dharm mein parivartit honah chaahiye aur yahudi reeti-rivaajon koo apnana chaahiye. paul ney peater kii aalochana kii kii unhone inmein seey kuchh isaaiyon kii yatra key dauran gair-yahoodiyon key saath khaane seey incar curr diyaa aur isaliye gair-yahoodiyon key liye ack kharaab udaaharan prastut kiya joe isaaiyon mein shamil hoe rahey they. paul key karibi sahakarmi barnabas ney iss vivaad mein peater kaa paksh liya. haalaanki, jinn logon ney sikhaaya kii isai dharm mein parivartit gair-yahudi logon koo bachaane key liye aur adhik yahudi prathaon koo apnana chaahiye, unhein "yahudi" kahaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki prerit peater shuru mein sahanubhutipurna thaa, prerit paul ney antakia () aur jerusalam () kii parishad mein ghatana mein shiksha kaa virodh kiya. phir bhee, kaee shataabdiyon taka, vishesh roop seey yahudi isaaiyon dwara, yahudikaran koo protsaahit kiya jaataa rhaa.
paul ney gair-yahudi dharmaantarit logon key liye yahudi reeti-rivaajon key sakht anuprayogon kaa virodh kiya, aur jerusalam church key netaaon key saath bahas kii kii gair-yahudi dharmaantarit logon koo jerusalam kii parishad mein adhikansh yahudi aagyaon seey chhoot dee jaae, jahaan paul ney "jerusalam church key stambhon" (jinhen paul peater, yeeshu key bhaai james aur johnn key roop mein pahachaantaa haye) seey mulakat kii kii kyaa gair-yahudi masihiyon koo yahudi kaanoon koo banaae rakhane aur khatna kiye jaane kii aavashyakta haye. adhiniyamon key anusaar, james ney parishad key nirnay (aine. aar. aiss. vee.) key nirmaan mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai kii khatna kii aavashyakta naheen thee. galtians mein, paul kaa kahana haye kii james, peater aur johnn jerusalam mein "khatna kiye gaye" (samanya roop seey yahudi aur yahudi dharmaantarit) kii seva karenge, jabaki paul aur unake saathi "khatna naa kiye gaye" (samanya roop seey, gair-yahoodiyon) kii seva karenge (galtians 2hah9).
catholic vishvakosh" kaa daavaa haih "sent. ghatana key baare mein paul key vivaran mein koee sandeh naheen haye kii sent. peater ney fatkaar kaa nyaay dekhaa."halanki, ell. michael white kaa "yeeshu seey isai dharm taka" daavaa haih "peater key saath visfot raajneetik bahaduri kii poori viphalata thee, aur paul ney jald hii antakia koo" vyaktitva gair-apriya "key roop mein chhod diyaa, phir kabhi vaapas naheen aaya."vidwan james dee. jee. dunn, jinhone "paul parr nayaa pariprekshya" vakyansh gadhaa, ney prastaav diyaa haye kii peater "brij-maine" they (i.ee.praarambhik isai dharm key dou anya "pramukh pramukh vyaktiyon" key beechah paul aur james, yeeshu key bhaai.
hellenistic prabhaav.
talmud vidwan daniel boyarin ney tark diyaa haye kii paul kaa aatma kaa dharamshastra aam taur parr maane jaane kii tulanaa mein yunani yahudi dharm mein adhik gaharaai seey nihit haye. ack kattarpanthi yahudi" mein, boyarin kaa tark haye kii prerit paul ney aadarsh (joe vaastavik haye) aur samagri (joe galat haye) key beach platonic virodh key sandarbh mein hibru bible kii punah vyakhya karane key liye yeeshu key jeevan koo yunani darshan key saath jodaa. yahudi dharm ack bhautik dharm haye, jisamen sadasyata vishvaas parr adharit naheen haye, balki abraham key vansh parr adharit haye, joe shaaririk roop seey khatna dwara chihnit haye, aur iss jeevan koo thheek seey jeene key tareeke parr dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye. paul ney punrutthan key prateek mein yeeshu koo shaaririk masiha key bajaay aadhyatmik honey kii sambhavana dekhi. unhone masiha kii iss dhaarana kaa upayog ack aise dharm key liye bahas karane key liye kiya jisake madhyam seey sabhi loga-naa kewal abraham key vanshaj-abraham key devta kii pooja curr sakate they. yahudi dharm key vipareet, joe maanata haye kii yeh kewal yahoodiyon kaa uchit dharm haye, paulin isai dharm ney sabhi logon key liye uchit dharm honey kaa daavaa kiya.
samagri aur aadarsh key beach spasht antar kii appeal karke, paul ney dikhaaya kii kaise masih kii aatma "sabhi" logon koo bhagwan kii pooja karane kaa ack tarika pradaan curr sakati haye, jinaki pooja pahale kewal yahoodiyon, yahudi dharmantariton aur ishwar-bhayiyon dwara kii jaati thee, halanki yahoodiyon ney daavaa kiya kii vaha sabhi kaa ekmatra aur ekmatra bhagwan thaa. byrene ney paul key kaam koo yunani yahudi dharm mein jadein jamaain aur jore dekar kahaa kii paul poori tarah seey yahudi they, lekin tark dete hain kii paulin dharamshastra ney isai dharm key apane sanskaran koo gair-yahoodiyon key liye aakarshak banaa diyaa. boyarin yeeshu kii shikshaon aur farisi yahudi dharm donon key iss platonic punarnirmaan koo ack alag dharm key roop mein isai dharm key udbhav key liye aavashyak maanata haye, kyonki isane yahudi kaanoon key binaa yahudi dharm koo uchit thaharaaya.
praarambhik isai dharm aur yahudi dharm kaa vibhajan.
alag-alag dhaarmik samudaayon key roop mein ubharana.
jaise-jaise isai dharm poore gair-yahudi duniya mein badhata gayaa, vikaasheel isai parampara apani yahudi aur jerusalam kii jadon seey alag hoe gaee. itihaaskaar usa sateek kshan parr bahas karna jaari rakhate hain jaba praarambhik isai dharm ney khud koo ack nae dharm key roop mein sthaapit kiya, joe yahudi dharm seey alag aur alag thaa. yeh pataa lagaana mushkil haye kii donon kiss prakriya seey alag hue yaa yeh pataa lagaana mushkil haye kii yeh kaba shuru huaa thaa. yahudi isaaiyon ney sadiyon taka samkaaleen yahoodiyon key saath aradhanalayon mein pooja karna jaari rakhaa. kuchh vidvaanon koo doosari shatabdi key madhya seey laker chauthi shatabdi esvi taka yahudi-isai aur rabbiyon key andolanon key beach nirantar baatchit key pramaan mille hain. phillip aiss. alekjendar iss sawal koo darshaata haye kii isai dharm aur yahudi dharm kaba alag hue aur apane alag-alag tarikon seey "una bhraamak roop seey saral prashnon mein seey ack key roop mein gaye jinase bahut savdhani seey sampark kiya jaanaa chaahiye. yeeshu mein vishvaas kii pahali shataabdiyon mein badee anishchitata aur dhaarmik rachnaatmaktaa thee. "vishvaasiyon key samooh samaan vichardhara vaale vyaktiyon key mool guton mein ekjut hue, aur phir guton mein. [.]..] inn samoohon key saiddhaantik samanjasya kii degree agyaat haye. jaisa kii maujooda granthon seey pramaanit hotaa haye, bhram aur arajakta vyaapt thee."shuru mein, yeeshu mein praarambhik vishvaas ack sthaaniya ghatana thee jisamen kshetriya aadhar parr samudaayon key beach kuchh hudd taka samanvaya thaa.
praarambhik isai dharm aur praarambhik rabbiya yahudi dharm donon aadhunik samay kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm roodhivaadi aur cumm dhaarmik roop seey sajaatiya they. donon dharm hellenistic dharm seey kaafee prabhaavit they aur shaastriya hellenistic darshan aur dusare mandir kaal key anta key yunani bhashi yahudi lekhakon key karyon seey roopak aur avadhaaranaaen udhaar lii theen. donon vichardharaon ney antatah apane-apane "maandandon" aur siddhanton koo majboot kiya, vishesh roop seey "shuddhata kaanoonon" kii sthiti, yahudi-isai masihi maanyataon kii vaidhata, aur, isase bhee mahatvapurna baat, bibil key hibru kii jagah pavitra bhaashaon key roop mein koeen greek aur lattin kaa upayog jaise pramukh muddon parr teji seey alag hocker.
prakshepavakra.
heinrich gretz ney 90 mein jaimania kii ack parishad kaa pratipaadan kiya jisamen isaaiyon koo aradhanalayon seey baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin yeh vivaadit haye. yahudi isai sadiyon taka aradhanalayon mein pooja karate rahey.
itihaaskaar shaay jey. key anusaar. dee. lekin, "isai dharm koo yahudi dharm seey alag karna ack prakriya thee, naa kii ack ghatana", jisamen church "adhik seey adhik gair-yahudi, aur cumm seey cumm yahudi" bunn gayaa. kohain key anusaar, praarambhik isai dharm ack yahudi sampradaay naheen rhaa jaba isane khatna jaisi yahudi prathaon kaa paalan karna bund curr diyaa. kohain key anusaar, yeh prakriya 70 esvi mein mahaan vidroh key baad samaapt hoe gaee, jaba vibhinn yahudi sampradaay gayab hoe gaye aur farisi yahudi dharm rabbiyon key yahudi dharm mein vikasit huaa, aur isai dharm ack alag dharm key roop mein ubhara.
talmudist aur yahudi adhyayan key professor daniel boyarin ney pracheen kaal key anta mein navjat isai dharm aur yahudi dharm key beach baatchit kii ack sanshodhit samajh kaa prastaav rakhaa haye, jisamen donon "nae" dharmon koo iss avadhi key dauran gahan aur jatil roop seey ack dusare seey judaa huaa maanaa gayaa haye. byrene key anusaar, yahudi dharm aur isai dharm cumm seey cumm teen shataabdiyon taka "ack jatil dhaarmik parivaar kaa hissa they, garbh mein judvaan". alaan segal kaa yeh bhee kahana haye kii "koee bhee dou nae yahudi dharmon key 'judvaan janm' kii baat curr sakata haye, donon hii unase pahale kii dhaarmik pranaliyon seey spasht roop seey alag hain.
robbert goldenberg key anusaar, vidvaanon key beach yeh teji seey sweekaar kiya jaataa haye kii "pahali shatabdi esvi key anta mein abhee taka dou alag-alag dharm naheen they jinhen 'yahudi dharm' aur 'isai dharm' kahaa jaataa thaa.
yahudi-roman yuddhon (66-135) key dauran yahudi isai dharm mein girawat aaee aur badhate yahudi-virodhi shayed sinop key markian (see. 150). chauthi shatabdi mein roman samrat key samay seey nikeen isaaiyon dwara utpeedan key saath, yahudi isaaiyon ney samrajya kii seemaon key baahar, arab mein aur aage door taka sharan lii. samrajya key bheetar aur baad mein anya jagahon parr isamen gair-yahudi adharit isai dharm kaa prabhutva thaa joe roman samrajya kaa raajya church bunn gayaa aur jisane pavitra bhoomi mein church off dha hollie sepulture aur senecal jaise sthalon parr niyantran curr liya aur baad mein jerusalam key bishap niyukt kiye.
pahala yahudi-roman yuddh aur mandir kaa vinash.
66 esvi mein pahale yahudi-roman yuddh key saath romanon key khilaf poorna paimaane parr, khula vidroh huaa. 70 esvi mein, jerusalam koo gher liya gayaa thaa aur doosara mandir nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh ghatana yahoodiyon key liye ack gahara dardanaak anubhav thaa, joe abb kathin aur doorgaami prashnon kaa saamana curr rahey they. 70 esvi mein dusare mandir key vinash key baad, sampradayikta kaafee hudd taka samaapt hoe gaee. utsaahi, sadookiyon aur saar gayab hoe gaye, jabaki praarambhik isai aur farisi butch gaye, baad vaale rabbiyon key yahudi dharm mein badal gaye, jinhen aaj kewal "yahudi dharm" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. farisi" shabd kaa abb upayog naheen kiya jaataa thaa, shayed isaliye kii yeh ack aisaa shabd thaa jiska upayog aksar gair-farisiyon dwara kiya jaataa thaa, balki isaliye bhee kii yeh shabd spasht roop seey sampradayik thaa, aur rabbiyon ney sabhi yahoodiyon parr netritva kaa daavaa kiya.
kaee itihaskaron kaa tark haye kii mahaan vidroh aur mandir key vinash key baad susamacharon ney apana antim roop leey liya, halanki kuchh vidvaanon ney 60 key dashak mein chihn key lekhak koo rakhaa; isase kissy koo unake sandarbh koo samajhane mein madad mill sakati haye. strack kaa maanana haye kii ack isai siddhant (nayaa vasiyatnama) kaa vikas ack aisaa kaarak thaa jisane rabbiyon koo maukhik kaanoon koo likhit roop mein darj karane key liye prabhaavit kiya.
vibhajan mein ack mahatvapurna yogdan dene vaalaa kaarak mandir key vinash kii donon samoohon kii alag-alag dhaarmik vyaakhyaaen theen. rabbiyon key yahudi dharm ney vinash koo torah kii upeksha key liye ack sajaa key roop mein dekhaa. haalaanki praarambhik isaaiyon ney ise yeeshu kii yahudi asweekriti key liye bhagwan kii sajaa key roop mein dekhaa, jisase yeh daavaa kiya gayaa kii 'sachcha' israel abb church thaa. yahoodiyon kaa maanana thaa kii yeh daavaa nindaniya thaa. frederickson key anusaar, choonki praarambhik isaaiyon kaa maanana thaa kii yeeshu ney pahale seey hii ack naee vaacha kii abhivyakti key roop mein mandir koo badal diyaa thaa, isaliye way pahale yahudi-roman yuddh key dauran mandir key vinash seey apekshaakrit asambaddh they.
yahudi isai dharm kii asweekriti.
isai halakon mein, "nazareen" shabd kaa upayog baad mein una isaaiyon key liye ack label key roop mein kiya jaane lagaa joe yahudi kaanoon key prati wafadar they, vishesh roop seey, iska upayog isaaiyon key ack nishchit sampradaay key liye ack label key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. shuru mein, inn yahudi isaaiyon, mool roop seey isai dharm mein kendriya samooh, koo aparamparaagat ghoshit naheen kiya gayaa thaa, lekin baad mein unhein yahudi samudaay seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa aur unaki ninda kii gaee. kuchh yahudi isai samoohon, jaise kii abionites, parr gair-paaramparik vishvaas rakhane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey masih aur gair-yahudi dharmaantarit logon key baare mein unake vichaaron key sambandh mein. nazareen, joe roodhivaad kaa paalan karate they lekin yahudi kaanoon kaa paalan karate they, unhein chauthi shatabdi mein roodhivaad key prabhutva taka vidharmi naheen maanaa jaataa thaa. ibionites isai dharm aur netritva parr asahamati key saath nazareen kaa ack vibhajit samooh hoe sakata haye. nazareen kii ninda key baad, "abionite" shabd kaa upayog aksar sabhi sambandhit "pakhandon" key liye ack samanya apmaanjanak key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa.
yahudi isai ack samudaay kaa gathan karate they joe paul isaaiyon seey alag thaa. gair-yahudi isai dharm aur rabbiyon key yahudi dharm key anuyaayiyon dwara yahudi isaaiyon kii ack post-neeseen "dohri asweekriti" thee. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii gair-yahudi isai dharm key anuyaayiyon aur yahudi isai dharm key anuyaayiyon key beach koee seedha takraav naheen huaa. haalaanki, iss samay taka, nyaayik-isai dharm kaa abhyaas aantarik matbhed aur baahari dabaavon seey kamjor hoe gayaa thaa. gair-yahudi isai dharm roodhivaad kaa ekmatra hissa banaa rhaa aur isane 5veen shatabdi key anta taka una pooja gharon parr puuraa niyantran rakhate hue pahale key yahudi isai abhayaranyon parr khud koo lagu curr liya.
isai lekhan mein badhati yahudi virodhi bhavna.
praarambhik isaaiyon key beach badhati yahudi virodhi bhavna kaa pramaan barnabas key patra seey milata haye, joe pahali shatabdi key anta/doosari shatabdi kii shuruat mein ack patra haye, jiska shreya barnabas koo diyaa jaataa haye, paul key saathi kaa ullekh preriton key karyon mein kiya gayaa haye, halanki yeh alekjendar key barnabas yaa barnabas naam kaa upayog karane vaale ack anaam lekhak dwara hoe sakata haye. usa praarambhik samay key kissy anya lekhan mein gair-yahudi isaaiyon koo paalan karane vaale yahoodiyon seey alag karane parr itna spasht roop seey jore naheen diyaa gayaa haye. barnabas key anusaar, isai hii ekmatra sachche vaacha vaale loga hain, aur yahudi loga abb bhagwan key saath vaacha mein naheen hain. khatna aur poori yahudi balidan aur aupchaarik pranali koo "hamaare prabhu yeeshu masih key nae kaanoon" key paksh mein samaapt curr diyaa gayaa haye. barnabas kaa daavaa haye kii yahudi shaastra, joe sahee dhang seey samajhe jaate hain, masih kii bhavishyavani key roop mein kaam karate hain aur isake niyamon mein aksar roopak arth hotey hain.
jabaki doosari shatabdi key martianism ney isai dharm parr sabhi yahudi prabhaav koo khariz curr diyaa, isake bajaay proto-orthodox isai dharm ney dusaron koo aswikar karate hue pahali shatabdi key yahudi dharm key kuchh siddhanton aur prathaon koo banaae rakhaa. unhone yahudi shaastron koo aadhikarik aur pavitra maanaa, jisamen jyaadaatar septuagent yaa targum anuvaadon koo niyojit kiya gayaa, aur nae vasiyatnama cannon key vikasit honey key saath anya granthon koo jodaa gayaa. isai bapatisma ack yahudi abhyaas kii ack aur nirantarta thee.
baad mein yahudi isai dharm.
pracheen kaal.
abionites.
abionites ack yahudi isai andolan thaa joe isai yug kii praarambhik shataabdiyon key dauran maujood thaa. way yahudi isai dharm key shuruati roop key saath majboot samaantaaen dikhaate hain, aur unakaa vishisht dharamshastra kaanoon-mukt gair-yahudi mission key liye ack pratikriya hoe sakati haye."unhone yeeshu koo masiha key roop mein maanaa, jabaki unaki divyata aur unake kunwari janm koo aswikar curr diyaa, aur yahudi kaanoon aur sanskaron kaa paalan karane kii aavashyakta parr jore diyaa. unhone abionites key susamachar kaa upayog kiya, joe yahudi-isai susamacharon mein seey ack thaa; maithyu kii hibru pustak adhyaay 3 seey shuru hoti haye; yeeshu key bhaai james (james dha just) kaa sammaan kiya; aur paul prerit koo kaanoon seey dharmatyagi key roop mein aswikar curr diyaa. unakaa naam ("abionai", hibru "abionim", "abionim", jiska arth haye "garib" yaa "garib" seey liya gayaa haye) bataata haye kii unhone swaichhik garibi koo vishesh mahatva diyaa.
abionites key susamachar" kii vishisht visheshtaon mein kunwari janm kii anupasthiti aur yeeshu kii vanshavali shamil haye; ack dattak grahanvaadi isai dharm, jisamen yeeshu koo unake bapatisma key samay bhagwan key putra key roop mein chunaa gayaa haye; yeeshu dwara yahudi balidaanon kaa unmoolan; aur shakahar kii vakaalat.
nazareen.
nazareen pahali shatabdi key yahudi dharm key ack sampradaay key roop mein utpann hue. nazareen key sampradaay" shabd kaa pahala upayog nae vasiyatname mein krityon kii pustak mein haye, jahan paul parr nazareen key sampradaay kaa ack pramukh honey kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa haye. yeh shabd taba kewal "yeeshu natjari" (yeeshu nazareen) key anuyaayiyon koo naamit kartaa thaa, lekin pahali seey chauthi shatabdi mein iss shabd kaa upayog yeeshu key anuyaayiyon key ack sampradaay key liye kiya jaataa thaa joe adhikansh isaaiyon kii tulanaa mein yahudi dharm key karib they. unakaa varnan salamis key epiphanius dwara kiya gayaa haye aur baad mein hippo key jerom aur augustin dwara ullekh kiya gayaa haye, jinhone apane samay key nazareen aur adhiniyam 24:5 mein ullikhit "nazareen" key beach antar kiya.
nazareen abionites key samaan they, kyonki way khud koo yahudi maanate they, moosa key kaanoon kaa paalan karate they, aur sabhi vihit susamacharon koo aswikar karate hue kewal arami "ibraniyon key susamachar" kaa upayog karate they. haalaanki, aadhe abionites key vipareet, unhone kunwari janm koo sweekaar kiya.
ibraniyon kaa susamachar" ack samanvit yahudi-isai susamachar thaa, jiska paath khou gayaa haye; isake kewal tukade praarambhik church pitaaon dwara sankshipt uddharanon key roop mein aur apramanik lekhan mein jeevit hain. inn tukadon mein yeeshu key poorv-astitva, avtaar, bapatisma aur sambhaavit pralobhan kii paramparaaen unake kuchh vachanon key saath hain. vishisht visheshtaon mein ack isai dharm shamil haye joe iss vishvaas kii visheshta haye kii pavitra aatma yeeshu kii divya maan haye; aur yeeshu key bhaai james key liye pahali punrutthan upasthiti, joe jerusalam mein yahudi isai church key netaa key roop mein james key liye uchch sammaan darshaati haye. yeh sambhavatah doosari shatabdi key pahale dashakon mein yunani mein rachit kiya gayaa thaa, aur maanaa jaataa haye kii usa shatabdi key dauran misra mein yunani bhashi yahudi isaaiyon dwara iska upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
nazareen kaa susamachar, jerom key lekhan seey aanshik roop seey punarnirmit maithyu key khoye hue yahudi-isai susamacharon mein seey ack key tukadon koo diyaa gayaa sheershak haye.
kanaya.
bhaarat kaa kanaaya yahudi mool key siriyai isaaiyon seey nikla haye joe chauthi aur nauvin shatabdi key beach vyaapaari kanai thoma key netritva mein mesopotamia seey bhaarat aae they. aadhunik yug mein, way sent key beach paaya jaane vaalaa ack alpasankhyak samudaay hain. thomas christian. kaee yahudi vidvaanon ney kanaaya kii sanskriti kaa vishleshan kiya haye, jinhone nott kiya haye kii samudaay yahudi samudaayon, vishesh roop seey keral key kochin yahoodiyon key saath ullekhaniya sambandh rakhta haye. kanaaya kii sanskriti yahudi-isai, siriyai aur hindu reeti-rivaajon kaa ack mishran haye joe samudaay key videshi mool aur sadiyon seey bhaarat mein ack alpasankhyak samudaay key roop mein rahane vaale donon koo darshaata haye.
madhya poorv mein jeevit byzantine aur 'siriyai' samudaay.
kuchh aam taur parr yunani "pracheen aradhanalaya" purohit sanskar aanshik roop seey vartamaan taka jeevit rahey hain, vishesh roop seey yunani roodhivaadi church off antioc, siriyai roodhivaadi church aur dakshini turkey, seeriya aur lebnan key haate praant key melkite yunani catholic samudaayon kii vishisht church seva mein.
yunani-macedonian saanskritik aadhar, hellenistic yahudi dharm aur roman sabhyata key mishran seey utpann jaatiya saanskritik lakshnon key anoothe sanyojan ney silicia (dakshinpurvi turkey) aur seeriya/lebnan kii spasht roop seey antiochian "madhya purvi-roman" isai paramparaon koo janm diyaah
inn samudaayon key sadasya abhee bhee khud koo room kahate hain jiska shaabdik arth turkey, farsi aur arabi mein "purvi roman", "byzantine" yaa "asiai yunani" haye. room" shabd kaa upayog "ayonani" yaa "yavani" koo prathamikta dene key liye kiya jaataa haye jiska arth shaastriya arabi aur pracheen hibru mein "europeeya yunani" yaa "ionian" haye.
adhikansh madhya-purvi "melkite" yaa "rooms", apani jaatiya saanskritik viraasat kaa pataa dakshini anatolian ('silician') aur siriyai hellenized yunani bhashi yahudi samudaayon aur greek aur macedonian basane vaalon ('greco-siriyan'), silicia, uttar-paschimi seeriya aur lebnan key mool "antiochian yunani" samudaayon key sansthapakon seey lagaa sakate hain. turkey key haate praant, seeriya, lebnan, uttari israel mein jeevit alpsankhyakon key sadasyon aur pravaasi samudaay mein unake rishtedaron kii ginati karate hue, aaj uttari-menaa, america, kanada aur lattin america mein rahane vaale 18 laakh seey adhik yunani-melkite isai hain.ee.yunani roodhivaadi aur yunani catholic isai, joe antakia aur jerusalam (sankeern arthon mein "roodhivaadi") key kulpatiyon key pracheen adhikaar kshetra key adhikaar kshetra mein hain yaa unaki ack shakha ("catholic" yaa rome key saath "ekjut").
aaj, kuchh parivaar antakia, damishk, judia aur gallile key praarambhik yahudi isaaiyon key vansh seey judey hue hain. unamen seey kuchh parivaaron key upnaam hain jaise kii yohanna (johnn), hanania (ananias), sahyaun (zion), elia/alias (elijah), chamaun/shamoun (simeon/saiman), seman/siman (simeon/saiman), manasa (manaseh), salamoun/suleiman (soloman), yuvakim (joachim), zakaria (zacharia), kolath aur anya.
samkaaleen andolan.
aadhunik samay mein, "yahudi isai" yaa "isai yahudi" shabd kaa upayog aam taur parr una jaatiya yahoodiyon key sandarbh mein kiya jaataa haye jinhone yaa tou isai dharm mein dharm parivartan kiya haye yaa unakaa paalan-poshan kiya haye. way jyaadaatar catholic, protestant aur roodhivaadi isai mandaliyon key sadasya hain, aur way aam taur parr isai mukhyadhara mein aatmasaat hoe jaate hain, lekin way apani yahudi pehchaan key prati lagaav kii ack majboot bhavna bhee banaae rakh sakate hain. kuchh yahudi isai khud koo "hibru isai" bhee kahate hain.
19veen shatabdi kaa hibru isai andolan ack aisee pahal thee jiska netritva aur ekikaran kaafee hudd taka angreji logon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur unamen michael soloman alekjendar, jerusalam key bishap jaise vyakti shamil they; kuchh hastiyaan, jaise kii joseph free, yahoodiyon key beach isai dharm koo badhaava dene key liye landan samaaj key sansthaapak, apani yahudi pehchaan aur swatantrata key prati adhik mukhar they.
19veen shatabdi mein vibhinn samajon key maujooda record key anusaar cumm seey cumm 250,000 yahoodiyon ney isai dharm apana liya. pyu anusandhaan kendra dwara pradaan kiye gaye aankadon key anusaar, 2013 taka, lagbhag 16 laakh vayask americi yahudi khud koo isai key roop mein pahachaante hain, aur unamen seey adhikansh khud koo protestant key roop mein pahachaante hain. usee aankadon key anusaar, adhikansh yahudi joe khud koo kissy prakaar key isai (16 laakh) key roop mein pahachaante hain, yaa tou yahudi key roop mein paley-badhe they yaa vanshavali seey yahudi hain. 2012 key ack adhyayan key anusaar, roose mein 17 pratishat yahudi khud koo isai maanate hain.
masihi yahudi dharm ack dhaarmik andolan haye joe isai dharm key siddhanton key saath yahudi dharm key tatvon koo shamil kartaa haye. isake anuyaayi, jinamen seey kaee jaatiya roop seey yahudi hain, una mandaliyon mein pooja karate hain joe ibrani prarthanaon kaa paath karate hain. way masihi vishvaasiyon koo bhee bapatisma dete hain joe jawabdehi kii umr key hain (yeeshu koo masiha key roop mein sweekaar karane mein saksham hain), aksar kosher kaa paalan karate hain
aahar niyam aur shaniwar koo sabt key roop mein rakhein. isake alawa, way isai nae vasiyatname koo pavitra granth key roop mein maanyata dete hain, halanki unamen seey adhikansh apana varnan karane key liye "isai" label kaa upayog naheen karate hain.
donon samooh poori tarah seey alag naheen hain; udaaharan key liye, kuchh anuyaayi masihi mandaliyon kaa samarthan karate hain, lekin way swatantra roop seey donon duniyaon mein rahane kaa vikalp chunate hain, jaise kii areal mantralayon key sansthaapak dharamshastri arnold fructembam.
hibru catholic una yahoodiyon kaa ack andolan haye joe catholic dharm mein parivartit hoe gaye aur gair-yahudi mool key catholic joe catholic siddhant key aalok mein yahudi reeti-rivaajon aur paramparaon koo banaae rakhna chunate hain.

