
mohatram eskandari

mohatram eskandari (1895-27 julaai, 1924), ack irani buddhijivi aur irani mahila andolan key agrani they. vaha faras mein pahali mahila adhikaar sangh, jamiyat-aeye-neswan-aeye-vatankha kii saha-sansthaapak aur pahali netaa theen.
nesson vatan khau samachar patra key pahale adhyaksh aur prakaashak key roop mein, eskandari ney mahila shiksha aur ghoonghat hataane sahit mahila adhikaaron key samarthan mein vyakhyan diye. unhone sangh key sadasyon key liye bhee julus kii yojana banaai.
jeevani.
mohatram kaa janm 1895 mein tehran mein ack udaar, bauddhik roop seey jeevant aur raajneetik roop seey sakriya parivaar mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa, mohammad allie mirza eskandari (allie khaan key rajkumar), ack samvaidhaanik aur adamiyat samaaj key sansthaapak they aur daar ull-phunnoon mein padhaate they. unhone pahali baar apane pitaa key saath ghar parr adhyayan kiya aur mirja mohammad allie khaan mohakeki kii dekhrekh mein farsi aur francisi saahitya mein shiksha praapt kii. eskandari aur mohkeki baad mein shaadi karenge. kuchh samay baad donon ney shaadi curr lii.
ack vayask key roop mein, eskandari koo reedh kii huddy kii chot luggy thee, kuchh samay key liye padhaa rahey they, aur ladkiyon key liye ack raajya vidyalaya key nideshak key roop mein kaary kiya. samvaidhaanik kranti key baad faras mein mahilaaon key adhikaaron kii sthiti key saath unake asantosh ney unhein 1922 mein jamiyat-aeye-neswan-aeye-vatankha, "iran kii deshbhakt mahila leag" kii sthaapana karane key liye prerit kiya, jisane vishisht roop seey narivad aur irani raashtravaad koo ack saath dhaala.
vaha mahilaaon key liye samvaidhaanik kranti kii uplabdhiyon seey nirash theen, isaliye 1922 mein, tehran mein kaee pramukh mahilaaon key saath, unhone deshbhakt mahila sangh kii sthaapana kii. unhone vyakhyan diyaa, sangh kii patrika kaa sanchaalan kiya aur samudaay key juluson kii yojana banaai. ack raili mein, unhone mahilaaon key khilaf parche jalaaye, jisake parinamswarup sarkari adhikaariyon dwara mohatram kii giraftari kii gaee. lekin isase unakaa naam iran key logon key beach prasiddh hoe gayaa. unhone vayask mahilaaon key liye ack school kii sthaapana kii aur rashtriya vastuon key upayog key liye vigyaapan diyaa.
mohatram eskandari kaa 29 varsh kii ayu mein julaai 1924-1925 koo tehran mein peeth kii sergery seey hui jatilataon key kaaran nidhan hoe gayaa.
mahila sangh.
varsh 1922 mein, deshbhakt mahila sangh kii sthaapana mohatram eskandari, nurolhauda mangneh, mastur afshar aur maidam fakhar afagh key sammaanit kaary key saath kii gaee thee. mahilaaon key liye shiksha kaa adhikaar iss sangathan key sabse mahatvapurna lakshyon mein seey ack thaa.
duss nirvaachit mahilaaon key saath, nideshak mandal kaa gathan deshbhakt mahila sangh dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur usee pratinidhimandal ney samudaay key pahale pramukh key roop mein eskandari koo chunaa thaa.
mahila shiksha aur shiksha key lakshyon key maarg parr "deshbhakt mahila" sangathan ney, vriddh mahilaaon key liye kakshaon key shubharambh key maddenajar, "naswan-aeye vatankha" (faarsih deshbhakt mahila) patrika prakaashit kii. patrika samudaay kaa aadhikarik anga thaa joe mahilaaon key muddon aur mahilaaon key adhikaaron parr kendrit thaa. isake malik maidam moluk eskandari they aur isake pahale nideshak mohatram eskandari they. patrika ney teen varshon (1923 seey 1926 taka) mein gyaarah ank prakaashit kiye aur kaee udaar mahilaaon koo aakarshit kiya.
mahilaaon kii dushtata parr vidroh karein.
"dusht mahilaaen" (), tehran mein mahilaaon kii shiksha aur swatantrata key kaee virodhiyon dwara ack pustak koo diyaa gayaa naam haye. iss patrak koo ladakon dwara shahar key mukhya chaurahon mein becha gayaa thaa. noor-oll-hodaa mangneh ney apani yaadon key parche mein likhaa haye kii kaise patrak kaa upman kiya gayaa thaa aur neeche ullekh kiya gayaa haih
phir ack dinn, mohatram eskandari, saat udaar mahilaaon key saath, vahaan key bachchon key haathon seey "dusht mahilaaon" key parche hataane key liye topkhaane chauk parr gaee. unhone chauk key beach mein udane vaalon koo usee sthaan parr aag lagaa dee, jahan ack baar samvidhaanvaadiyon koo fansi dee gaee thee. jaba una bachchon ney unhein diye jaane vaale parche key paise maange, tou mohatram aur anya udaar mahilaaon ney unase kahaa kii unhein koee paisa naheen milega.
vidroh key liye giraftar kiya gayaa.
chauk mein kitaaben jalaane aur bachchon dwara apani jalee hui kitaabon key baare mein jore seey rone key baad, pulis ney vahaan mahilaaon koo giraftar curr liya aur unhein aayog (pulis station aur aaropi key pahale poochtaachh kshetra) mein leey gaee. mahilaaon koo alag-alag kamaron mein leey jaaya gayaa aur alag-alag poochtaachh kii gaee. samvaidhaaniktaa seey shwet kranti taka irani mahila" pustak mein badra all-moluk ney likhaah
mohatram eskandari kaa naam pahali mahila key roop mein darj kiya gayaa thaa jise samkaaleen itihas mein iran mein vidroh key liye giraftar kiya gayaa thaa.
bimari aur mrityu.
mohatram koo giraftari key baad kuchh samay key liye aspatal mein bharti karaaya gayaa thaa aur bimari kii gambhirta key kaaran parche jalaane key baad doctors ney kahaa kii kasheruki stambh parr sergery kii jaani chaahiye. vaha bachpan seey hii iss bimari seey peedit thee aur uska majaak bhee udaaya jaataa thaa kyonki usaki peeth hamesha jhukati thee. phir bhee, apane jeevan key antim minaton mein, unhone mahilaaon kii samaantaa key liye apane prayason koo jaari rakhaa aur deshbhakt mahila sangh mein mahilaaon koo mahilaaon key liye apane kaam kaa ack pull bhee naa chhodane aur mahilaaon key adhikaar praapt karna jaari rakhane kii salah dee.
aakhirkaar, mohatram eskandari kii mrityu julaai 1924 mein hui, jaba vaha 29 varsh kii theen. unaki mrityu una logon key beach dukh aur dukh laker aaee jinhone unake saath kaam kiya.
sedikeh daulatabadi ney mohatram key vilekh mein likhaa haih
mohatram eskandari koo khone kii dair seey hui ghatana ney mujhe itna udas curr diyaa haye kii main ise samajha naheen sakata, kyonki main iss bahadur irani ladki key mahaan prayason koo jaanata huun aur main usey ack mahaan durbhagya key roop mein maanata huun. haan, unakaa balidan prashansaniya thaa. main kabhi naheen bhooloonga kii unhone sammelanon mein baar-baar unaki ninda kii. lekin usane sub kuchh sunaa aur khud koo pareshan yaa pareshan naa karane kii koshish kii. sthir kadmon aur dridh sankalp key saath, unhone apane lakshyon koo jaari rakhaa. merey jeevan mein, vaha pahali irani mahila thee jise maine dekhaa haye joe apane munn mein joe lakshya thaa, usey praapt karane key liye vaha sub kuchh karane seey kabhi naheen thakti thee. main buss yeh ummeed kartaa huun kii merrie matribhoomi kii sabhi mahilaaen iss sammaanit mahila key kaam koo jaane naheen dengi aur unhone joe neenv sthaapit kii thee vaha naheen tootegi.

