
hexadehydro dials-elder pratikriya

carbonic rasayan vigyaan mein, hexadehydro-deals-elder (aich. dee. dee. aeye.) pratikriya ack dyne (2 alkine karyatmak samoohon koo ack sanyugmit pranali mein vyavasthit) aur ack alkine key beach ack javic rasayanik pratikriya haye joe ack [4 + 2] cycloadition pratikriya key madhyam seey ack pratikriyaasheel benzine prajaati banaata haye. yeh benzine madhyavarti taba ack upayukt trapping agent key saath pratikriya kartaa haye taaki ack pratisthaapit sugandhit utpaad banaaya jaa sakey. yeh pratikriya sthaapit deals-elder pratikriya kaa vyutpann haye aur ack samaan [4 + 2] cyclodation tantra key madhyam seey aage badhati haye. aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya vishesh roop seey ack kritrim charan mein bhaari karyatmak sugandhit pranaliyon aur kaee ring pranaliyon koo banaane key liye prabhaavi haye.
pratikriya tantra.
chune gaye substrate key aadhar parr, aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya koo ushmiya roop seey yaa ack upayukt utprerak, aksar ack sankraman dhaatu key jodd seey shuru kiya jaa sakata haye. ushmiya-aarambhit aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya key liye prachalit tantra ack sanyugmit dyne (1,3-dialkine) aur ack alkine (jise aksar dials-elder dynophyll key anuroop "dynophyll" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye) key beach ack "ortho"-benzine prajaati banaane key liye ack [4 + 2] cycloadtion haye. dhaatu-utprerit aich. dee. dee. aeye. koo ack samaan maarg seey aage badhane key liye socha jaataa haye, jisase ack dhaatu-sthir benzine banata haye, joe phir funce jaataa haye.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya kaa sabse saral model beautadine aur acetylene kaa cyclo-loadtion haye joe ortho-benzine (oh-benzine, neeche dikhaaya gayaa haye) banaata haye. yeh pratikriyaasheel madhyavarti (koshthak dwara niroopit) baad mein ack saamaanyikrit trapping abhikarmak key saath pratikriya kartaa haye jisamen ack nucleophilic (nu-) aur electrophilic (ell-) site hoti haye, joe benzenoid utpaad koo darshaata haye.
oh-benzine madhyavarti koo oopar darshaae gaye dou anunaad (rasayan vigyaan) roopon mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. sabse adhik chitrit roop alkine (1) haye, lekin sanchayi (1 ') roop [4 + 2] cyclodation dwara valay gathan kii kalpana karane mein sahayak hoe sakata haye.
ushmaagatiki aur gativigyaan.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya aksar ushmaagatikiya roop seey anukool (ushmaagatiki) hoti haye, lekin pratikriya (uchch sakriyan oorjaa) key liye ack mahatvapurna gatij baadha hoe sakati haye. gananaon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii pratisthaapit oh-benzine (beautadine aur acetylene seey, oopar) key gathan mein 36 kilo calori moll-1 kii sakriyan oorjaa hoti haye, lekin ushmaagatikiya roop seey anukool haye, joe-51 kilo calori moll-1 dwara ooshmaa-bahirdish honey kaa anuman haye. uchch sakriyan oorjaa key parinamswarup, kuchh aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriyaon koo shuru karane key liye uchch tapman (> 100 degree celsius) taka germ karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
isake alawa, benzine trapping charan bhee thermodynamic roop seey anukool haye, jisaki ganana ack ester-pratisthaapit oh-benzine koo turt-beautenol key saath trap karane key liye ack atirikt-73 key. see. ell. moll-1 honey key liye kii jaati haye.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. [4 + 2] cyclodation yaa tou ack thhos maarg yaa ack charanbaddh pratikriya, diradical maarg key madhyam seey hoe sakata haye. yeye donon maarg substrate aur pratikriya pranali key aadhar parr sakriyan oorjaa mein bhinn hoe sakate hain. computational adhyayanon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii jabaki donon maarg nishkriya (pratisthaapit naheen) dynophyll key liye sakriyan oorjaa mein tulaniya hain, charanbaddh maarg mein cumm sakriyan oorjaa baadha haye, aur sakriya dynophyll key liye pramukh maarg bhee haye.
regiochemistry.
gair-samamit aich. dee. dee. aeye.-vyutpann benzine trapping key regiochemistry koo electronic aur ring viroopan prabhaavon key sanyojan dwara samajhaaya jaa sakata haye. computational roop seey, adhik aspasht konn (aeye) adhik electron kii kamee (δ +) benzine carbon seey mell khaata haye, jisase iss site parr nucleophilic ghatak kaa hamla hotaa haye. natijatan, electrophilic ghatak adhik electron samriddh (δ-) site (b) parr jodata haye.
shabdawali.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya shaastriya deals-elder pratikriya kaa ack vyutpann haye, aur yaantrik roop seey sambandhit haye. jaisa kii hoy aur sahakarmiyon dwara varnit haye, aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya koo avadharana roop seey badhati asantulan (hydrogen jode koo badhaane vaale nishkasana dwara) key saath pericyclic pratikriyaon kii ack shrinkhala key sadasya key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. hexadehydro" discriptor iss vyakhya seey liya gayaa haye, kyonki sabse saral aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya utpaad (oh-benzine, 4 hydrogen) mein sabse saral dl-elder pratikriya utpaad (cyclohexin, 10 hydrogen) kii tulanaa mein 6 cumm hydrogen paramanu hotey hain.
aupchaarik roop seey, hexadehydro deals-elder pratikriya kewal benzine key gathan kaa varnan karati haye, lekin yeh prajaati ack asthir madhyavarti haye joe pratikriya solvents sahit vibhinn prakaar key trapping bhagidaron key saath aasaani seey pratikriya karati haye. iss prakaar, vyavhaar mein aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya antim utpaad key utpaadan key liye benzine gathan aur trapping kii dou-charaniya cascade pratikriya kaa varnan karati haye.
aitihaasik vikas.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya key pahale udaaharan 1997 mein ueda aur johnson key samoohon dwara swatantra roop seey bataae gaye they. johnson aur saha-karmchaariyon ney 95 pratishat sanyukt upaj mein dou utpaadon, inden aur nirjalikaran utpaad indeen banaane key liye flashes vacuum thermolysis (600°see, 10−2 torr) key tahat 1,3,8-nonetrine key cyclisation kaa avalokan kiya. deuterium labeling adhyayanon ney sujhaav diyaa kii utpaad ack [4 + 2] cyclodation seey ack benzine madhyavarti key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, jisake baad avalokan kiye gaye utpaadon koo banaane key liye inn-seetu kamee kii gaee thee. ueda aur saha-karmchaariyon ney dekhaa kii acyclic tetrains kamare key tapman parr 5h-fluorenol vyutpann banaane key liye chakrit hoe jaate hain. benzine madhyavarti kaa gathan trapping adhyayanon dwara nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa, benzene yaa anthracine kaa upayog karke benzine koo ack deals-elder adduct key roop mein fansaane key liye. ueda aur saha-kaaryakartaon ney baad kii reports mein iss vidhi parr vistaar seey bataaya, vibhinn prakaar key nucleophile (oxygen, nitrogen aur sulfur-adharit) kaa upayog karke benzine koo fansaate hue, saath hii saath badey, fused-ring sugandhit pranaliyon koo sanshleshit kiya.
ack dashak seey adhik samay taka gyaat honey key bavjood, aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya 2012 taka vyaapak kritrim upayog mein naheen aaee, jaba hoye aur saha-kaaryakartaon ney iss cyclodation key dayare aur upayogita kii poori tarah seey jaanch kii. usa pepper ney iss dyne-dynophyll pratikriya koo "hexadehydro dials-elder (aich. dee. dee. aeye.)" pratikriya key roop mein sandarbhit kiya, aur yeh shabdawali taba seey adhik vyaapak upayog mein aaee haye. 2012 seey, aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya nae sire seey ruchi kaa ack kshetra rhaa haye aur kaee shodh samoohon dwara aage key adhyayan koo aakarshit kiya haye.
pratikriya kaa daira.
benzine taka pahunchane key anya tarikon kii tulanaa mein aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya key mukhya laabhon mein seey ack pratikriya pranali kii saralata haye. trines yaa tetrains kii aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya upa-utpaadon key seedhe gathan key binaa benzine banaati haye. tulanaa mein, eren parr ortho-pratisthaapan koo hataane key madhyam seey benzine key gathan key parinamswarup una pratisthapanon seey upotpaad kii stoichiometric matra hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, 2-trimethylsylphenyl trifluoromethanessalphonete (triflate) key 1 moll seey benzine kaa gathan trimethylacylil fluoride key 1 moll aur triflate aayan key 1 moll kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. upotpaad benzine trapping key liye anya abhikarmakon key saath pratispardha curr sakate hain, side-reaction kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain, aur atirikt shuddhikaran kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.
isake alawa, aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya samvedansheel karyakshamta vaale substrate key liye upayogi hoe sakati haye joe anya benzine gathan sthitiyon (ee.jee. majboot aadhar). taapiya roop seey shuru kii gaee aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya koo ester, keaton, sanrakshit amide, eather, sanrakshit amine, eril halloid, alkill halloid, alkien aur cyclopropen koo sahan karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye.
harey rasayan.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya harit rasayan vigyaan key kaee siddhanton koo puuraa curr sakati haye.
synthetic anuprayog.
intramolicular trapping.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya kaa upayog dyne, dynophyll aur trapping samooh vaale raikhik agraduton seey bahu-chakreeya ring pranaliyon koo sanshleshit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, hoye aur saha-karyakarta ack charan mein raikhik triney agraduton seey fused, tricyclic ring system koo sanshleshit karane mein saksham they aur ack ushmiya-shuru kii gaee, intramolicular aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya key madhyam seey uchch upaj dete they. isake alawa, nitrogen aur oxygen yukt vishamkoshikaon donon koo ack upayukt agradoot key upayog seey shamil kiya jaa sakata haye. iss mamle mein, latkan ilil eather ney ack retro-brook punarvyavastha key madhyam seey trapping samooh pradaan kiya.
antar-aanvik trapping.
aich. dee. dee. aeye.-utpann benzine koo vibhinn prakaar key trapping abhikarmakon dwara antar-aanvik roop seey bhee fansaaya jaa sakata haye. trapping abhikarmak kaa saavdhaanipoorvak chayan aage kii karyakshamta koo jodd sakata haye, jisamen eril halides, eril heteroatum (phenol aur anilyn vyutpann) aur kaee ring system shamil hain.
pratikriyaaen.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya kaa upayog enne pratikriyaon key saath ack cascade pratikriya anukram mein kiya jaa sakata haye, jaise kii elder enne pratikriya aur sugandhit enne pratikriya. aich. dee. dee. aeye.-utpann benzine koo ack upayukt aine daataa key saath fansaaya jaa sakata haye joe benzine seey sahsanyojak roop seey judaa huaa haye. benzine anophile key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, jabaki annie ack alkien (elder aine) yaa ack sugandhit valay (sugandhit aine) hoe sakata haye. lii aur saha-karmchaariyon ney ack aich. dee. dee. aeye.-elder aine cascade pratikriya dikhaai haye joe madhyam aakar key fused rings, spirocycle aur elin sahit vibhinn prakaar key utpaadon kaa utpaadan curr sakati haye.
hoye aur saha-karmchaariyon ney ack ushmiya-shuru kiye gaye triple aich. dee. dee. aeye.-aeromatic aine-elder aine cascade kaa pradarshan kiya joe binaa kissy atirikt abhikarmak yaa upa-utpaadon key ack charan mein bhaari karyatmak utpaadon kii or leey jaataa haye.
nirjalikaran.
aich. dee. dee. aeye.-vyutpann benzine koo bhee dehydrogenate santript alken banaane key liye alkien banaane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye. baahari trapping abhikarmakon kii anupasthiti mein, benzine madhyavarti ack upayukt daataa seey visinal (rasayan vigyaan) hydrogen parmaanuon koo amoort curr sakata haye, aksar pratikriya vilaayak (jaise tetrahydrophuran yaa cyclooctain). yeh daataa alken koo asantript kartaa haye, ack alkien banaata haye, aur benzine koo ack dihydrobenzenoid utpaad mein fansaataa haye. samasthaanik labeling aur computational adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii dohra hydrogen hastaantaran tantra ack thhos maarg dwara hotaa haye aur pratikriya kii darr alken daataa key sanrachana parr atyadhik nirbhar karati haye. iss pratikriya kaa upayog 1,2,3,4-tetrasbustitude sugandhit valayon taka pahunchane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, ack pratisthaapan pattern jise anya synthetic paddhati key madhyam seey praapt karna mushkil hoe sakata haye.
see-aich sakriyan.
aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya kaa upayog see-aich. sakriyan kii ack vidhi key roop mein bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, jahaan ack latkan alken see-aich bonned ack dhaatu-jatil erine madhyavarti koo fansaataa haye. lii aur saha-kaaryakartaon ney dekhaa kii sankraman dhaatu utprerak tetrains kii ack aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya koo prerit karate hain joe ack latkan, aiss. pee. 3 see.-aich. bandhan dwara intramolicular roop seey funce gayaa thaa. praathamik, maadhyamik aur tritiyak see-aich bonned sabhi pratikriyaasheel trapping bhagidar they, jinamen chaandi key lavan sabse prabhaavi utprerak they. deuterium labeling prayogon seey pataa chalata haye kii (sp3) c-h bandhan tootana aur (sp2) c-h bandhan banaane vaali pratikriyaen ack thhos tareeke seey hoti hain.
florikaran.
silver-catalaged aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya kaa upayog organoflorin yaugikon koo ack florin yukt counterian key upayog seey sanshleshit karane key liye bhee kiya gayaa haye. dhaatu-jatil erine madhyavarti koo counterian dwara floro, trifluoromathyl, yaa trifluoromethylthiol pratisthaapan key saath eryl ring kaa utpaadan karane key liye fansaaya jaa sakata haye. asthir prativart, jaise kii cf3−, inn-seetu mein utpaadit kiya jaa sakata haye.
dominos aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya.
thheek seey design kiye gaye polyin substrate koo kewal germ honey parr kushal cascade nett [4 + 2] cyclodation seey gujarate hue dikhaaya gayaa haye. yeh domina hexadehydro deals-elder pratikriya darr-seemit benzine gathan dwara shuru kii jaati haye. nafthine, anthrasine aur/yaa tetrasine madhyavarti key madhyam seey aage badhate hue, atyadhik fuse kiye gaye, polycyclic sugandhit yaugikon key teji seey neeche-oopar sanshleshan key parinam milate hain.
ezaa aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriya.
nitrile pyridine madhyavarti utpann karane key liye aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriyaon mein bhee bhaag leey sakate hain. "pyridine koo "inn seetu" mein pakadane seey atyadhik pratisthaapit aur karyatmak pyridine vyutpannon koo janm milata haye, joe visham-koshikaon key iss mahatvapurna varg key nirmaan key liye anya shaastriya drishtikonon key poorak hain.
radial aich. dee. dee. aeye. pratikriyaaen.
ack samanya, kendriya template parr taiyar kiye gaye designer bahu-yine ack hii operation mein vastukala key roop mein nae polycyclic yaugikon kaa utpaadan karane key liye anukramik, kaee cycloisomericaran pratikriyaon seey gujarate hain. atyadhik sanlipt, polycyclic sugandhit yaugikon (pee. aeye. see.) seey laker sanrachanaatmak roop seey jatil bhujaaon vaale kendriya phenylene yaa vistaarit phenylene core vaale vastukala taka vividh utpaad topology sulabh hain.