
peela kasawa

peela kasawa ushnakatibandhiya kshetron mein sabse lokpriya jarh fasalon mein seey ack kii ack naee, peele mansal nasl haye. niyamit kasawa ushnakatibandhiya deshon mein ack mukhya fasal haye, jiss parr 30 karod loga apane dainik calori sevan key cumm seey cumm 10 pratishat key liye bharosa karate hain, 15 african deshon mein "kango key loktaantrik ganarajya mein, kasawa 40 million seey adhik logon koo 1000 kilo calori/dinn seey adhik pradaan karane kaa anuman haye. 
teen peele jarh key kasawa kismein, umukas 36, umukas 37, aur umukas 38, nigeria mein (fasal aur pariyojana key tahat) unaki uchch sandrata key liye ugaaye jaa rahey hain. beeta-carotene vitamin aeye kaa agradoot haye. vitamin aeye kii kamee ack pramukh samasya haye, vishesh roop seey africa mein. nigeria vishesh roop seey paanch saal seey cumm umr key lagbhag ack tihai bachchon mein vitamin aeye kii kamee kaa prasaar dekhta haye. choonki kasawa ack pramukh khaadya padaarth haye, isaliye peela kasawa africa mein vitamin kii kamee koo cumm karane kii badee kshamata dikhaata haye.
varnan.
peela kasawa kasawa kii samanya kismon key samaan haye (manihot esculanta, dekhein kasawa) lekin isaki jarh key ander ack peela maans hotaa haye, joe aam taur parr samanya kismon mein safed hotaa haye. kasawa ack lakadi kii jhaadi haye joe badee jadein ugaati haye, jinhen upbhog key liye kaataa jaataa haye. jadon mein teen bhaag hotey hainh kendriya pith, chhilka aur kendriya pith key bheetar ack samvahani bundle. naee pealy kismon kii paidawar adhik hoti haye aur yeye kaee keeton aur beemariyon key liye pratirodhi hoti hain. samanya kasawa kii tarah, ise poshak tatvon seey bharpur mitty yaa vyaapak bhoomi taiyari kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye aur sookhe key dauran iska nuksan naheen hotaa haye.
itihas.
kasawa kii utpatti dakshin america seey hui thee. peele kasawa kii teen kismein, umukas 36, umukas 37 aur umukas 38, nigeria mein antarrashtriya ushnakatibandhiya krishi sansthaan (aaee. aaee. tii. aeye.) aur nigeria key rashtriya jarh fasal anusandhaan sansthaan key madhyam seey fasal kii adhikta dwara vitt poshit 12-varsheeya pratiyogita key parinam hain. prajanan jaari haye aur nae navacharon seey 2015 taka 15 microgram/graam key beeta-carotene star koo praapt karane kii ummeed haye.
badhati hui paristhitiyaan.
naee pealy kismon kii paidawar adhik hoti haye aur yeye kaee keeton aur beemariyon key liye pratirodhi hoti hain. sadharan kasawa kii tarah, unhein poshak tatvon seey bharpur mitty yaa vyaapak bhoomi taiyari kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye aur sookhe key dauran kaee anya fasalon kii tarah unhein bhee bahut nuksan naheen hotaa haye.
fasal kataai key baad kaa prasanskaran.
kasawa koo aamtaur parr jarurat padane taka jameen mein sangraheet kiya jaataa haye, kyonki yeh fasal kataai key baad atyadhik kharaab hoe jaataa haye. kanda koo sukhana kasawa sanrakshan kaa ack saral tarika haye; haalaanki sukhaane key kuchh tareeke beeta-carotene key star koo banaae rakhane key mamle mein dusaron kii tulanaa mein adhik prabhaavi hain. 60 degree celsius parr ovan sukhaane seey beeta-carotene key star kaa 72 pratishat banaae rakhaa gayaa, halanki bhandaran mein chaar saptah key baad pratidhaaran 40 pratishat taka gir gayaa. soorya sukhaane key parinamswarup kewal 38 pratishat beeta-carotene kaa star barkarar rhaa, aur bhandaran mein chaar saptah key baad, star lagbhag 18 pratishat taka gir gayaa. blanching aur ausmotic nirjalikaran jaise poorv upchaaron seey beeta-carotene pratidhaaran mein sudhaar kiya jaa sakata haye.
kasawa kii jadon koo chheelana bahut shram-gahan haye. chhilka hataane seey judey shram koo cumm karane key liye safed chhilka chunane key liye prajanan prayason koo nishpaadit kiya gayaa haye. ack kism, branca dee saanta catarina, koo iss kaaran seey chunaa gayaa haye.
halanki kasawa ack baar kataai key baad aasaani seey kharaab hoe jaataa haye, yeh graameen kisaanon key liye fayademand haye kyonki yeh sookhe yaa anya fasal viphaltaon key dauran ack beema fasal key roop mein kaary curr sakata haye. halanki, kasawa mein carotenoid sanchay key saath kataai key baad bhandaran jadon key shaaririk ksharan (ppd) mein ullekhaniya kamee paaee gaee haye. poshan aur audyogik upayog donon key liye iss mukhya fasal kii kshamata koo adhikatam karane key liye yeh dekhane yogya haye.
aanuvanshik stock/prajanan.
nigeria mein teen aanuvanshik prakaar ugaaye jaa rahey hain, umukas 36, umukas 37 aur umukas 38. kasawa yaun roop seey yaa prasaar dwara prajanan curr sakata haye. vartamaan mein kissy bhee utpaadak seey peele kasawa kii khareed naheen kii jaa sakati haye, lekin nigeria mein ack vitaran pranali lagu kii jaa rahee haye joe 25,000 sthaaniya gharon koo iss shart key tahat pradaan karati haye kii way agale mausam mein anya graameen kisaanon key saath apane tanon koo saajha karenge. yeh peele kasawa key vitaran koo vyaapak banaane kaa mukhya tarika haye.
peele kasawa (vivaad) key baare mein shikaayaten.
2011 mein, paryaavaran adhikaar kaarravaai samooh "prithvi nigeria (pheen) key mitron" ney nigeria mein aanuvanshik roop seey sanshodhit kasawa parr antarrashtriya ushnakatibandhiya krishi sansthaan (aaee. aaee. tii. aeye.) anusandhaan dall dwara kissy bhee shodh koo rokane kii asafal maang kii, yeh tark dete hue kii aaee. aaee. tii. aeye. jaiv vividhata koo cumm curr rhaa haye.
"paryaavaran adhikaar kaarravaai/prithvi nigeria (pheen) key mitron key samanvayak marian baasi ney patrakaron seey kahaa, "humm gaajar seey vitamin aeye praapt curr sakate hain. 'hamein iss tathaakathit' jaiv-pusht 'kasawa kii aavashyakta naheen haye. aap (aaeeta) iss paaramparik dakshini fasal koo akela kyon naheen chhodenge?"bassi ney kahaa kii jaiv-pusht kasawa anusandhaan" "sunhare chawal kii afwah" "kaa ack punah pradarshan thaa. baasi key anusaar, vitamin aeye kii kamee key ilaaj key liye 1999 mein vikasit kiye gaye golden rais mein buniyaadi samasyaaen theen. unhone kahaa kii ack vayask koo vitamin aeye key aavashyak sevan key liye ack dinn mein lagbhag nau kilo pakaa huaa chawal khaane kii aavashyakta hogi, jabaki kewal dou gaajar khaana paryaapt hoga.
halanki, nigeria key adhikansh hisson mein gaajar kaa aksar sevan yaa upalabdh naheen hotaa haye. shodhkartaon ney nigeria mein peele kasawa koo khareedane aur khaane kii upabhokta kii ichcha kii jaanch kii haye aur paaya haye kii poshan sambandhi jaankaari key abhaav mein, dakshin-paschim (oyo raajya) mein safed kismon parr halki pealy kismein moolyavaan hain, lekin dakshin-poorv (imo raajya) mein naheen. ack soochana abhiyaan key saath, peele rung kii kismein sabhi kshetron mein safed parr badey premium koo pakadati hain.
upbhog aur upayog.
kasawa kii jarh kaa khaadya bhaag kendriya peeth haye. yeh carbohydrate kaa ack utkrisht srot haye. jarh key aspas kaa chhilka akhaadya haye, halanki iska upayog sooaron aur bakariyon key liye bhojan key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. kuchh kisan fasal kaatenge aur pattiyon koo sabji key roop mein khaayenge. yeye "prajatantrik ganarajya kango, tanzania, siera leone, liberia aur ginny mein" aahar kaa ack pramukh ghatak hain.
poshan sambandhi jaankaari.
upa-sahaara africa mein vitamin aeye kii kamee aam haye. nigeria mein, yeh lagbhag 20 pratishat garbhavati mahilaaon aur 30 pratishat paanch varsh seey cumm umr key bachchon koo prabhaavit kartaa haye. yeh pratiraksha pranali aur drishti koo kharaab curr sakata haye joe andhepan aur kuchh mamalon mein mrityu kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. peele kasawa mein beeta-carotene kaa uchch star hotaa haye, joe vitamin aeye kaa agradoot haye. kasawa carbohydrate kaa ack pramukh srot bhee haye, jisamen seey 80 pratishat starch hain. nayaa, peela kasawa dainik anushansit vitamin aeye key sevan kaa 25 pratishat taka pradaan curr sakata haye. choonki kasawa kaee logon key aahar kaa ack pramukh hissa haye, isaliye vitamin aeye key saath jaiv-fortified kasawa kii shuruat badey paimaane parr swaasthya mein sudhaar key liye ack utkrisht navachar haye.
samajik/saanskritik laabh/mudde.
aam taur parr mukhya fasal kaa rung badalana jokhim bharaa hotaa haye kyonki rung vareeyata upabhokta god lene kii darr koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit curr sakati haye. peele kasawa key mamle mein aisaa naheen haye. choonki sthaaniya upabhokta aksar apane khaadya padarthon mein safed kasawa key aate mein taad kaa tail daalate hain, isaliye way aam taur parr sunhare rung key aadee hotey hain. isaliye, peela rung upbhoktaon koo rokane key liye naheen dikhaaya gayaa haye. 
vyaapak roop seey apanaane key liye baadhaaen.
kasawa mukhya roop seey graameen kshetron mein ugaaya aur khaaya jaataa haye. isaki nashshilta prajanan aur navachar key liye ack baadha haye kyonki jaba fasal dinon key bheetar sadane lagati haye, tou iska kissy bhee lambe samay taka prayogshala mein vishleshan naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. choonki yeh atyadhik kharaab honey vaali haye, isaliye yeh ack achchi niryaat fasal naheen haye aur isake vitaran key liye ack sthaaniya drishtikon kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
vyaavhaarik jaankaari.
choonki kasawa koo prasaar key madhyam seey punah utpann kiya jaa sakata haye, isaliye taney key hisse koo kaatna aur ise anya kisaanon key saath saajha karna graameen aabaadi koo vitamin aeye seey bharpur peele kasawa pradaan karane kaa ack achchha tarika haye. kasawa koo sanrakshit karate samay, sukhaane seey pahale upchaar karane seey bhandaran key dauran beeta-carotene pratidhaaran key star kaa sakaratmak prabhaav parh sakata haye. choonki kasawa mein fasal kataai kaa mahatvapurna samay naheen hotaa haye, isaliye bahut saare kasawa ugaane aur upbhog key dinn isaki kataai karane kii sifarish kii jaati haye. yeh kasawa koo usa samay key liye ack achchi beema fasal banaata haye jaba bhojan kii kamee hoti haye.