
yitzak araad

yitzak araad (; né icchak rudnicki; 11 navambar, 1926-6 maee, 2021) ack israeli itihaaskaar, lekhak, iduff brigadier general aur soviyat pakshapaati they. unhone 1972 seey 1993 taka yaad washem key nideshak key roop mein bhee kaary kiya, aur holocost key itihas mein visheshagyata praapt kii.
naam.
unakaa janm ichak rudniki key roop mein huaa thaa, baad mein unhone hibru upnaam araad () koo apanaaya. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, unhein bhoomigat aur pakshpaatiyon key beach tolya (anatoli key liye russie laghu) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
praarambhik jeevan.
arad kaa janm 11 navambar, 1926 koo huaa thaa, joe usa samay dusare polish ganarajya (abb schwenicionis, lithuania) mein thaa. apani yuvavastha mein, vaha "haa-noo 'aar haa-tsioni" naamak zionist yuva andolan seey sambandhit they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
1993 mein hairi jey key saath araad key sakshatkar key anusaar. cargus, vaha 1942 seey 1944 taka ghetto bhoomigat andolan mein sakriya they.
farwari 1943 mein, vaha soviyat pakshapaati markov brigade mein shamil hoe gaye, joe jyaadaatar gair-yahudi ikai thee jisamen way yahudi-virodhi bhavna seey peedit they. aprail 1943 mein bhoomigat netaa abba covener seey milane key liye vilna gheto mein ghuspaith karane key alawa, vaha yuddh key anta taka soviyat pakshpaatiyon key saath rahey, germans seey ladate hue, trains key khanan mein bhaag lete hue aur narok vann (abb bellaroos) key aspas ghaat lagaate hue. "soviyat pakshapaati andolan kaa aadhikarik ravaiya yeh thaa kii yahudi ikaaiyon key liye swatantra roop seey kaary karane key liye koee jagah naheen thee", araad ney kahaa.
1979 mein prakaashit apani aatmakatha, "dha partisons" mein, araad ney girdan gaanv parr dandaatmak hamale mein apani bhagidari kaa varnan kiya (prishth 158 parr): "usa sardiyon mein maine joe antim operation mein bhaag liya thaa, vaha girdan key khilaf ack dandaatmak kaarravaai thee, joe hodusiski aur swensiani key beach sadak parr ack badaa lithuanian gaanv thaa", aur lithuanian pakshpaatiyon key khilaf (prishth 182 parr):
maine iss mopping-upp operation mein bhaag liya. hamane kshetra key jangalon koo achchi tarah seey khangala. gahari burf ney chalana mushkil banaa diyaa, lekin isase lithuanian baind key nakshekadam bhee prakat hue. kuchh dinon kii khoj key baad hamein unake shivir kaa pataa chalaa. unake vann shivir mein baad lagaai gaee thee aur bhoomigat bunker they. humm poore dinn unake saath ladey, lekin shaam taka unamen seey koee bhee jeevit naheen rhaa. agale dinn hamane 250 seey adhik lithuanian mrit giney. kuchh loga ack jheel key paas ack khet mein they jahan unhone bhaagne kii koshish kii thee.
israeli senaa.
disambar 1945 mein, araad ney avaidh roop seey pyalestine koo anivarya karane key liye, hannah szen key naam parr "hah 'paalaa" naav parr pravaas kiya. idf mein araad key sainya currier mein, vaha brigadier general key pada parr pahunche aur unhein mukhya shiksha adhikaari key pada parr niyukt kiya gayaa. way 1972 mein senaa seey sevaanivritt hue.
akaadamik carrier.
tail avive vishvavidyalaya mein yahudi itihas parr vyakhyata key roop mein apane shaikshanik currier mein, unhone dwiteeya vishva yuddh aur holocost parr shodh kiya haye, aur mukhya roop seey hibru mein lekhak aur sampaadak key roop mein vyaapak roop seey prakaashit kiya haye. unakaa baad kaa shodh ussr mein holocost seey sambandhit haye. dow. yitzak araad ney 21 varshon (1972-1993) key liye israel key narsamhar smaran pradhikaran, yaad washem key nideshak (nideshalaya key adhyaksh) key roop mein kaary kiya. vaha ack salaahkaar key roop mein yaad washem key saath judey rahey. 7 juuna, 1993 koo torun mein polland key nicolas copernicus vishvavidyalaya dwara araad koo doctor "onris cossa" kii degree seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
lithuania mein jaanch koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa.
2006 mein, lithuanian "respublica" samachar patra mein ack kahani key baad, jisamen araad koo naazi virodhi soviyat pakshpaatiyon dwara kiye gaye konichi narsamhar mein usaki kathit bhoomika key liye "yuddh aparaadhi" kahaa gayaa thaa, lithuanian raajya abhiyojak ney araad kii jaanch shuru kii. ack antarrashtriya akrosh key baad, 2008 key anta mein jaanch koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.
araad ney kahaa, "maine kabhi kissy nagrik koo naheen maaraa haye. yeh yuddh key dauran hoe sakata thaa, lekin maine kabhi bhee kissy nagrik yaa yuddh key kaidi koo thhande rakt mein naheen maaraa haye aur usey "garv" thaa kii usane "naazi germans aur unake lithuanian sahyogiyon seey ladaai ladee... merey parivaar key hatyare, merey logon key hatyare."araad ney kahaa haye kii unakaa maanana haye kii jaanch ack lithuanian naazi sahayogi key sanyukt raajya america key mukadame mein diye gaye visheshagya saboot key badale seey prerit thee.
british itihaaskaar martin gilbert ney kahaa kii vaha "vikrit" jaanch seey "bahut hairan" they. ephraim zurof ney bataaya kii lithuania kii sarkaar ney kabhi bhee ack bhee yuddh aparaadhi parr mukadama naheen chalaaya thaa, iss saboot key bavjood kii saiman vicenthal kendra ney ekatra kiya thaa aur saajha kiya thaa. zurof key anusaar, "inn sabhi mamalon mein joe aam baat haye vaha yeh haye kii way sabhi yahudi hain. naazi aur hatyaa kiye gaye yahoodiyon key saath sahyog karane vaale lithuanian apraadhiyon koo dandit karane key bajaay, way pakshpaatiyon, yahudi nayakon koo pareshan curr rahey hain."holocast key dauran lithuania mein mukhya roop seey lithuanian sahyogiyon dwara lagbhag 200,000 yahoodiyon kii hatyaa curr dee gaee thee.
yuddh apraadhiyon parr mukadama chalaane kaa lithuania kaa record aspasht rhaa haye, jisase "arthashastri" ney likhaa haye kii yahoodiyon key khilaf jaanch chayanaatmak aur yahaan taka kii pratishodhi bhee thee. dovid kaatz key anusaar, yeh narsamhar haye jisamen "galat naitik samaantaon kii ack shrinkhala shamil haih yahudi yuddh seey pahale lithuania key wafadar nagrik they, 1940 mein soviyat kabja karane vaalon kii madad kii, aur isaliye aanshik roop seey unake bhaagya key liye doshi they. aur vaastav mein mahatvapurna narsamhar vaha thaa jise lithuanian logon ney 1944 key baad soviyat haathon mein jhelaa."