
sahamati

sahamati taba hoti haye jaba ack vyakti swechha seey dusare key prastaav yaa ichchhaon key liye sahmat hotaa haye. yeh samanya bhaashan kaa ack shabd haye, jisamen kaanoon, chikitsa, anusandhaan aur yaun sambandhon jaise kshetron mein vishisht paribhashaon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. vishisht sandarbhon mein samajhi jaane vaali sahamati isake rosemarra key arth seey alag hoe sakati haye. udaaharan key liye, ack mansik vikaar, cumm mansik ayu, yaa yaun sahamati kii kanuni ayu key tahat ack vyakti swechha seey ack yaun kaary mein sanlagn hoe sakata haye joe abhee bhee lagu kaanoon dwara paribhaashit sahamati key liye kanuni seema koo puuraa karane mein whiffle rahata haye.
sanyukt rashtra kii agencies aur yaun shiksha karyakramon mein pahalon kaa maanana haye kii vyaapak yaun shiksha key hisse key roop mein sahamati key vishay koo padhaana fayademand haye. sahamati key prakaron mein nihit sahamati, vyakt sahamati, soochit sahamati aur sarvasammat sahamati shamil hain.
internet aur digital sevaayen.
antim upayogkarta kii sahamati kii avadharana europeeya samanya detta sanrakshan viniyaman (jee. dee. pee. aar.) jaise digital niyamon mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaati haye. jee. dee. pee. aar. (anuchhed 6) vyaktigat detta key kanuni prasanskaran key liye vibhinn kanuni aadharon key ack samooh koo paribhaashit kartaa haye. antim upayogkartaon kii sahamati inn sambhaavit aadharon mein seey kewal ack haye. haalaanki, jee. dee. pee. aar. pravartan (2018 mein) aur anya kanuni daayitvon key parinamswarup, detta niyantrakon (online seva pradaataon) ney haal key varshon mein sahamati praapt karane key tantra koo vyaapak roop seey vikasit kiya haye. jee. dee. pee. aar. key anusaar, antim-upayogkartaon kii sahamati "vaidh", "swatantra roop seey dee gaee", "vishisht", "soochit" aur "sakriya" honey chaahiye."" lekin kanuni sahamati praapt karane key sambandh mein pravartan kii kamee digital duniya mein ack chunauti rahee haye. ack udaaharan key roop mein, 2020 key ack adhyayan seey pataa chalaa haye kii badee takneek, i.ee. googal, amazon, facebook, apple aur microsoft (ghafam), apani sahamati praapt karane key tantra mein kaale pattern kaa upayog karate hain, joe praapt sahamati kii vaidhata key baare mein sandeh paida karate hain.
yaatana.
sahamati yaa tou vyakt kii jaa sakati haye yaa nihit hoe sakati haye. udaaharan key liye, ack sampark khel mein bhagidari kaa tatparya aamtaur parr anya pratibhagiyon key saath sampark kii ack degree key liye sahamati haye, joe antarnihit roop seey sahmat haye aur aksar khel key niyamon dwara paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye. ack anya vishisht udaaharan yeh haye kii jahaan ack mukkebaaz pratidvandi dwara naak parr mukka maare jaane kii shikayat naheen curr sakata haye; nihit sahamati vaidh hogi jahaan hinsa koo samanya roop seey aur uchit roop seey khel key liye praasangik maanaa jaanaa chaahiye. jaba maukhik yaa likhit samjhauta hotaa haye, vishesh roop seey ack anubandh mein, tou spasht sahamati maujood hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, vyavsaayon koo kissy gatividhi key khatron koo sweekaar karate hue aur sweekaar karate hue vyaktiyon koo ack chhoot (jise deyata chhoot kahaa jaataa haye) parr hastakshar karane kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye. yeh spasht sahamati saabit kartaa haye, aur vyakti koo anadhikrit karyon key liye yaatana mukadama daayar karane seey rokta haye.
angreji kaanoon mein, "swaichhik gair-fitt injuria" (laitinah "ichchuk vyakti key liye, chot naheen kii jaati haye") kaa siddhant naa kewal khel mein pratibhagiyon parr lagu hotaa haye, balki darshakon aur kissy bhee anya vyakti parr bhee lagu hotaa haye joe swechha seey una gatividhiyon mein sanlagn hotey hain jahaan chot kaa khatra hotaa haye. yaun bandhan key dauran honey vaali yaun sambandh key dauran aakasmik mrityu seey judey mamalon mein sahamati kaa upayog bachaav key roop mein bhee kiya gayaa haye. "samay" (23 maee, 1988) ney iss baad key udaaharan koo "" ruff-sex defence "" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya.  yeh gambhir chot yaa mrityu key mamalon mein angreji kaanoon mein prabhaavi naheen haye.
nyayshastra key ack shabd key roop mein sahamati key poorv praavdhaan nagrik yaa aaparaadhik daayitva key khilaf ack sambhaavit bachaav (ack bahaana yaa auchitya) koo darshaata haye. iss bachaav kaa upayog karane vaale prativaadi tark dey rahey hain kii unhein ack yaatana yaa aparaadh key liye uttardaayi naheen thaharaaya jaanaa chaahiye, kyonki vicharadhin kaarravaai vaadi yaa "peedit" kii poorv sahamati aur anumati key saath hui thee.
dawa.
chikitsa kaanoon mein, ack chikitsa vyavasaayi koo ack prakriya seey utpann honey vaale rogi koo nuksan key liye daayitva seey bachaane key liye sahamati mahatvapurna haye. chhooten hain, jaise kii jaba rogi sahamati dene mein asamarth hoe.
isake alawa, ack chikitsak koo ack prakriya yaa dawa key mahatvapurna jokhimon (joe upchaar key saath aage badhane yaa naheen jaane key baare mein rogi key munn koo badal sakate hain) kii vyakhya rogi kii badhyakari sahamati dene seey pahale karni chaahiye. iska pataa australia mein "rosers vee whiteker" mein lagaaya gayaa thaa. yadi koee chikitsak ack bhautik jokhim kii vyakhya naheen kartaa haye joe baad mein ghatit hotaa haye, tou usey laparwahi maanaa jaataa haye. inn bhautik jokhimon mein ack behtar parinam kii sambhavana kaa nuksan shamil haye yadi ack adhik anubhavi sarjan ney prakriya kaa pradarshan kiya thaa.
britten mein, ack sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale ney sahamati parr kaanoon kaa aadhunikikaran kiya aur britten key kaanoon mein ack rogi-kendrit pareekshan kii shuruat keeh chikitsa peshevaron key bajaay rogi koo ack vishesh pathyakram key sandarbh mein jokhim key star parr nirnay lene kii anumati denaa, sabhi upalabdh jaankaari koo dekhate hue. yeh parivartan rogiyon kii sahamati kii aavashyakta parr samanya chikitsa parishad key margadarshan koo darshaata haye, aur chikitsa pitritva key niyam koo hataa detaa haye.
samajik vigyaan anusandhaan.
samajik vaigyaanikon koo aam taur parr sakshatkar prashn poochhane yaa ack prayog karane seey pahale shodh pratibhagiyon seey soochit sahamati praapt karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. sanghiya kaanoon samajik vigyaan anusandhaan koo niyantrit kartaa haye jisamen maanav vishay shamil hotey hain, aur vishvavidyalayon, sanghiya yaa raajya agencies aur adiwasi sangathanon mein sansthaagat sameeksha board (aaee. aar. bee. aiss.) samajik vigyaan anusandhaan kii dekhrekh karane key liye kaary karate hain jisamen maanav vishay shamil hotey hain aur iss baare mein nirnay lene key liye kii kyaa samajik vaigyaanik adhyayan key liye soochit sahamati aavashyak haye yaa naheen. iss sandarbh mein soochit sahamati kaa aam taur parr arth haye shodh pratibhagiyon koo adhyayan key uddeshya kii vyakhya karna aur ack hastaaksharit yaa maukhik pushti praapt karna kii adhyayan pratibhaagi upayog kii jaane vaali prakriyaon koo samajhate hain aur adhyayan mein bhaag lene key liye sahamati dete hain.
kuchh prakaar key samajik vaigyaanik anusandhaan, jaise kii manovaigyaanik prayog, adhyayan key hisse key roop mein dhokhe kaa upayog curr sakate hain; inn mamalon mein, shodhkarta pratibhagiyon koo prakriyaon kaa poori tarah seey varnan naheen curr sakate hain, aur iss prakaar pratibhagiyon koo poori tarah seey soochit naheen kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, shodhkartaon koo prayog samaapt honey key turant baad pratibhagiyon koo vivaran dene kii aavashyakta hoti haye. kuchh aabaadi koo kamjor maanaa jaataa haye, aur soochit sahamati key alawa, unhein vishesh suraksha upalabdh karaai jaani chaahiye. inmein jail mein bund vyakti, garbhavati mahilaaen, viklang vyakti aur mansik roop seey aksham vyakti shamil hain. bachchon koo soochit sahamati pradaan karane mein asamarth maanaa jaataa haye.
yojana kaanoon.
kuchh desh, jaise kii newzealand apane sansaadhan prabandhan adhiniyam aur isake nirmaan adhiniyam key saath, kanuni prakriya key liye "sahamati" shabd kaa upayog karate hain joe upkhandon, pulon yaa imaraton jaise vikas key liye yojana kii anumati pradaan kartaa haye. anumati praapt karane key parinamswarup "sansaadhan sahamati" yaa "nirmaan sahamati" praapt hoti haye.
yaun gatividhi.
kanada mein "sahamati" kaa arth haye... shikayatkarta kaa "vishvaas, shakti yaa adhikaar", jabardasti yaa dhamkiyon key durupyog yaa dohan key binaa yaun gatividhi mein sanlagn honey kaa swaichhik samjhauta. kissy bhee samay sahamati bhee radd kii jaa sakati haye.
yaun sahamati yaun hamla kyaa haye, ise paribhaashit karane mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaati haye, kyonki sabhi pakshon kii sahamati key binaa yaun gatividhi balatkar haye. 1980 key dashak key anta mein, akaadamik lois painau ney tark diyaa kii hamein kamukta key ack adhik samvaadaatmak model kii or badhana chaahiye taaki sahamati adhik spasht aur spasht, uddeshyapurna aur starit hoe jaae, "koee matlab naheen" yaa "haan kaa matlab haan" seey adhik vyaapak model key saath. kaee vishvavidyalayon ney sahamati key baare mein abhiyaan shuru kiye hain. dhyaan aakarshit karane vaale naaron aur chhaviyon key saath rachanaatmak abhiyaan joe bajar kii sahamati parisar key yaun hamale aur sambandhit muddon key baare mein jagrukta badhaane key liye prabhaavi upkaran hoe sakate hain.
1990 key dashak key anta seey, yaun sahamati key nae model prastaavit kiye gaye hain. vishesh roop seey, "haan kaa arth haye haan" aur sakaratmak model, jaise kii holl kii paribhaashaah "kissy anya dwara kyaa kiya yaa prastaavit kiya gayaa haye, usaki swaichhik anumodan; anumati; raay yaa bhavna mein samjhauta."hickman aur muellenhard kahate hain kii sahamati yaun gatividhi mein sanlagn honey kii ichcha kii bhavna kaa" mukt maukhik yaa ashaabdik sanchaar "honah chaahiye."sakaratmak sahamati abhee bhee seemit hoe sakati haye kyonki sahamati key aspas kii antarnihit, vyaktigat paristhitiyon koo hamesha" haan kaa matlab haan "yaa" naheen kaa matlab naheen ", model mein sweekaar naheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
kuchh loga sahamati dene mein asamarth hain. ack nishchit ayu seey cumm umr key nabaligon koo, usa adhikaar kshetra mein yaun sahamati kii ayu, yaun krityon key liye kaanoon dwara vaidh sahamati dene mein saksham naheen maanaa jaataa haye. isi tarah, alzheimer roga yaa isi tarah kii akshamta vaale vyakti apane jeevansathi key saath bhee yaun sambandhon key liye kanuni sahamati dene mein asamarth hoe sakate hain.
saahitya key bheetar, sahamati key aspas kii paribhaashaaen aur ise kaise sampreshit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, virodhabhasi, seemit yaa sarvasammati key binaa rahey hain. roffey ney tark diyaa kii kanuni paribhasha saarvbhaumik honey kii aavashyakta haye, taaki kanuni nirnayon mein bhram seey bachaa jaa sakey. unhone yeh bhee pradarshit kiya kii sahamati kii naitik dhaarana hamesha kanuni avadharana key saath kaise sanrekhit naheen hoti haye. udaaharan key liye, kuchh vayask bhaai-bahan yaa parivaar key anya sadasya swechha seey ack rishte mein pravesh curr sakate hain, haalaanki kanuni pranali abhee bhee ise anaitik maanati haye, aur isaliye ack aparaadh haye. roffey kaa tark haye kii inn parivarik yaun gatividhiyon key sambandh mein kaanoon mein vishesh bhasha kaa upayog paathak koo ise anaitik aur aaparaadhik key roop mein dekhane key liye jodd-toda kartaa haye, bhale hii sabhi paksh sahamati dey rahey houn. isi tarah, sahamati kii kanuni umr key tahat kuchh bachche jaanboojhkar aur swechha seey yaun sambandh banaana chuna sakate hain. haalaanki kaanoon ise vaidh naheen maanata haye. jabaki sahamati kii umr kii aavashyakta haye, yeh jagrukta aur paripakvata key vibhinn staron kii anumati naheen detaa haye. yahaan yeh dekhaa jaa sakata haye kii kaise ack naitik aur kanuni samajh hamesha sanrekhit naheen hoti haye.
yaun shiksha karyakramon mein pahal praathamik, uchch vidyalaya aur mahavidyalaya key yaun shiksha pathyakram mein yaun sahamati key vishayon aur charchaon koo shamil karane aur unhein aage badhaane kii disha mein kaam curr rahee hain. britten mein, vyaktigat samajik swaasthya aur aarthik shiksha sangh (pishiya) british schools mein yaun shiksha paath yojanaon kaa nirmaan aur parichay dene key liye kaam curr rhaa haye jisamen "sahamati seey yaun sambandh", "sahamati key arth aur mahatva" key saath-saath "balatkar mithak" parr paath shamil hain. yuu mein.aiss.california-berkley vishvavidyalaya ney shiksha aur school kii neetiyon mein sakaratmak aur nirantar sahamati lagu kii haye. kanada mein, ontario sarkaar ney torrento schools mein ack sanshodhit sex aid pathyakram pesh kiya haye, jisamen sex aur sakaratmak sahamati, swasth sambandhon aur sanchaar kii naee charcha shamil haye.
sakaratmak sahamati.
sakaratmak sahamati (utsaahi haan) taba hoti haye jaba donon paksh spasht, maukhik sanchaar yaa ashaabdik sanketon yaa ishaaron key madhyam seey yaun aacharan key liye sahmat hotey hain. isamen sanchaar aur isamen shamil logon kii sakriya bhagidari shamil haye. yeh yuu. aiss. mein colleges aur vishvavidyalayon dwara samarthit drishtikon haye.aiss., joe sahamati koo "paraspar sahmat yaun gatividhi mein sanlagn honey key liye pratyek pratibhaagi dwara sakaratmak, spasht aur sachet nirnay key roop mein varnit kartaa haye."vishesh roop seey, pichhale shodh mein paaya gayaa haye kii college key chhatron kaa aam taur parr sansthaagat sakaratmak sahamati aavashyaktaon (jaise.jee., antioc kii neeti), inn anivarya neetiyon key samarthan aur vyavharikta seey sambandhit muddon koo bataate hue. yoon-andricks key anusaar, sex aadi key liye ack karmchari lekhak., 'naheen kaa matlab naheen' kahane key bajaay, 'haan kaa matlab haye' sex koo ack sakaratmak cheej key roop mein dekhta haye."partiyon key sambandh, poorv yaun itihas yaa vartamaan gatividhi kii parwah kiye binaa yaun antarangata key sabhi staron parr jaari sahamati maangi jaati haye (" nritya munch parr peesana aage kii yaun gatividhi key liye sahamati naheen haye ", ack vishvavidyalaya neeti mein likhaa haye). paribhasha key anusaar, yadi koee vyakti nashe mein haye, behosh haye yaa sou rhaa haye tou sakaratmak sahamati naheen dee jaa sakati haye.
yaun sahamati key vivaran mein aksar 3 stambh shamil hotey hain, yaa "jiss tarah seey humm dusaron koo bataate hain kii humm kiss liye taiyar hain, chaahe vaha ack achchi raat kaa chumban hoe yaa sex taka jaane vaale kshan houn."
way hainh
sakaratmak sahamati praapt karane key liye, kahane key liye prateeksha karane key bajaay yaa ack saathi key liye "naheen" kahane key liye, koee bhee spasht "haan" detaa haye aur chaahata haye. yeh ack muskan, ack sir hilaane yaa ack maukhik haan key roop mein aaa sakata haye, jaba taka kii yeh spasht, utsaahi aur jaari haye. "alag-alag bhasha haye, lekin bhasha logon key mool mein yaun vyavhaar mein bhaag lene key liye apani pushti koo sampreshit karane key liye pahunchati haye", yaun hamale key khilaf california gathbandhan key dennis labertue ney kahaa. "isake liye yaun hamale key baare mein hamaare sochane key tareeke mein ack maulik badalaav kii aavashyakta haye. yeh kahane key liye hamein yeh kahana hoga kii mahilaaon aur purushon koo paraspar sahmat honah chaahiye aur yaun vyavhaar mein sakriya roop seey bhaag lena chaahiye."

