
muhakmaat all-lugtain

muhakmaat all-lugtain (shaabdik roop seey "dou bhaashaon key beach nirnay" yaa "dou bhaashaon kii tulanaa"), meer allie-shir navaai kii utkrisht kritiyon mein seey ack thee. disambar 1499 mein puuraa huaa, "mukakamat" ney navaai key drishtikon kaa bachaav kiya kii saahityik uddeshyon key liye chagtai turkey bhasha farsi seey behtar thee. yeh lekhak kaa antim nishchit kathan thaa joe unake dill key sabse priya vishay parr thaa, aur "muhakamat" ack lekhak key antim kaary kaa ack aadarsh udaaharan haye joe unaki antim ichcha aur vasiyatnama key roop mein bhee kaary kartaa haye joe unaki mool bhasha key mahatva parr jore denaa thaa.
baar-baar, navaai farsi key vipareet turkey shabdawali kii samriddhi, sateekta aur lachilaapan mein apane vishvaas parr jore detaa haye. udaaharan key liyeh
iss prakriti key tark "muhakamat" key ack key baad ack prishth bharate hain. neeche iss pramukh kaary seey ack uddharan diyaa gayaa haih
"mujhe turkey shabdon parr vichaar karane kii aavashyakta kaa ehsas huaa. joe duniya dekhane mein aaee vaha 18,000 duniyaon seey adhik udaatt thee, aur uska sushobhit akash, jise mujhe pataa chalaa, nau aasmaanon seey bhee oonchaa thaa. vahaan mujhe ack khajaana milaa... utkrishtata jisamen motee sitaaron kii tulanaa mein adhik chamakdaar they. main gulab key bageeche mein ghus gayaa. isake gulab swarg key sitaaron kii tulanaa mein adhik shandar they, isaki pavitra bhoomi haath yaa pair seey achhooti thee, aur isake asankhya chamatkar dusare haathon key sparsh seey surakshit they."
haalaanki, yeh bhashai adhyayan key aadhunik manakon koo pratibimbit naheen kartaa haye. iss kaam key paschimi anuvaadak robert deverox likhate hainh
aaj kaa koee bhee bhashavid joe nibandh padhata haye, vaha anivarya roop seey yeh nishkarsh nikaalega kii navaai ney apane mamle mein kharaab tark diyaa, kyonki unakaa mukhya tark yeh haye kii turkey shabdakosh mein kaee shabd they jinake liye farsi key paas koee sateek samkaksh naheen thaa aur isaliye farsi-vaktaaon koo turkey shabdon kaa upayog karna thaa. yeh ack kamjor nalika haye jiss parr jhukana haye, kyonki yeh vaastav mein ack durlabh bhasha haye jisamen koee udhaar shabd naheen hain. kissy bhee mamle mein, ack bhasha kii sundarta aur ack saahityik madhyam key roop mein isaki yogyata shabdawali key aakar aur vyutpatti kii shuddhata parr cumm nirbhar karati haye joe una shabdon kii sur, abhivyakti aur lachilepan parr nirbhar karati haye. isake alawa, bhale hii navaai key shodh prabandh koo vaidh maanaa jaae, unhone farsi logon koo turkey shabd udhaar lene kii aavashyakta key liye upahaas karate hue bhee, binaa kissy sandeh key, gair-turkey shabdon key bhavya upayog seey apane mamle koo nasht curr diyaa. vartamaan lekhak ney navaai key paath kii ack shabd ganana naheen kii haye, lekin vaha roodhivaadi roop seey anuman lagaayega kii nibandh mein navaai dwara upayog kiye gaye cumm seey cumm aadhe shabd arabi yaa farsi mool key hain. turkey bhasha kii shreshthata key apane daave kaa samarthan karane key liye, navaai iss jigyasu tark koo bhee niyojit kartaa haye kii adhikansh turk bhee farsi bolate they, lekin kewal kuchh farsi logon ney kabhi turkey mein dharapravahta hassil kii thee. yeh samajhana mushkil haye kii vaha iss ghatana seey kyon prabhaavit huaa, kyonki sabse spasht spashteekaran yeh haye kii turkon koo farsi seekhana aavashyak yaa cumm seey cumm salah yogya lagaa-yeh aakhirkaar aadhikarik raajya bhasha thee-jabaki farsi logon koo turkey seekhane seey pareshan honey kaa koee kaaran naheen lagaa, joe unaki nazaron mein, kewal asabhya khanabdosh janjaatiyon kii asabhya bhasha thee.