
botticelli dwara chitrit divya comedy

botticelli dwara sachitra divya comedy daante dwara "divya comedy" kii ack pandulipi haye, jise sandro botticelli dwara 92 poorna-prishth chitron dwara sachitra kiya gayaa haye jinhen utkrisht kritiyon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye aur punarjagaran chitrakaar kii sarvshreshth kritiyon mein seey ack haye. chhaviyaan jyaadaatar chaandi key bindu seey parey naheen lii gaee hain, kaee syaahi mein kaam kii gaee hain, lekin chaar prishth poori tarah seey rangeen hain. pandulipi antatah gayab hoe gaee aur unnisvin shatabdi key anta mein iska adhikansh hissa phir seey khoja gayaa, jiska pataa gustaav friedrich wegen dwara duke off hamilton key sangrah mein lagaaya gayaa thaa, aur kuchh anya prishth vatican pustakalaya mein paae gaye they. botticelli ney pahale chitron kaa utpaadan kiya thaa, joe abb khou gaye hain, jinhen ack mudrit sanskaran key liye utkirnan mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki sou canto mein seey kewal pahale unnis koo sachitra kiya gayaa thaa.
1882 mein pandulipi key mukhya bhaag koo coupforstitchcabinet berlin (print aur chitron kaa sangrahalaya) key sangrah mein jodaa gayaa thaa jaba nirdeshak friedrich lipman ney botticelli key 85 chitra khareede they. lipman teji seey aur chupchaap aage badhe they, aur jaba bikri kii ghoshana kii gaee tou british press aur sansad mein kaafee akrosh thaa. usake turant baad, yeh pataa chalaa kii usee pandulipi seey aathh aur chitra vatican pustakalaya mein they. sweeden kii raani christina key sangrah mein bandhe chitra they aur 1689 mein rome mein unaki mrityu key baad, pope alekjendar VIII dwara vatican sangrah key liye khareede gaye they. inn chitron koo alag karane kaa samay agyaat haye. narak kaa naksha" vatican sangrah mein haye.
paath aur chitron kii sateek vyavastha gyaat naheen haye, lekin ack urdhvaadhar vyavastha-paath prishth key sheersh parr chitran prishth koo rakhna-paath-chitran jode koo sanyojit karane key ack adhik kushal tareeke key roop mein vidvaanon dwara sahmat haye. urdhvaadhar roop seey kholane key liye design kiya gayaa ack khand lagbhag 47 semi chauda aur 64 semi unchaa hoga, aur ack hii prishth parr pratyek canto key liye paath aur chitran donon koo shamil karega.
berlin chitra aur vatican sangrah mein una sabhi koo sadiyon mein pahali baar ack pradarshani mein ikattha kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen una sabhi 92 koo berlin, rome aur landan kii shaahi akadami mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa.
1481 kaa mudrit sanskaran.
pandulipi mein chitra boticilly dwara "divya comedy" key liye banaae gaye pahale chitra naheen they. unhone ack aur "comedia" koo bhee chitrit kiya, iss baar chitron key roop mein utkirnan key saath ack mudrit sanskaran, jise 1481 mein florence mein nikol dee lorenzo della magna dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, aur vasari dwara iska ullekh kiya gayaa haye. vidwan iss baat seey sahmat hain kii baxio baldini dwara utkirnan botticelli dwara banaae gaye designs kaa anusaran karate hain, halanki durbhagya seey baldini botticelli kii shally koo bahut prabhaavi dhang seey prastut karane mein asamarth thaa.
ack mudrit pustak key liye chitron koo design karane kaa botticelli kaa prayaas ack pramukh chitrakaar key liye abhootpoorv thaa, aur halanki yeh ack asafal kalakar kii tarah lagata haye, yeh una kalakaron key liye ack bhoomika thee jinka bhavishya mahatvapurna thaa. vasari ney sanskaran key baare mein asweekriti seey likhaah "munn key ack jatil modd key honey key kaaran, unhone daante key ack hisse parr ack tippani likhi aur usa narak koo chitrit kiya jise unhone mudrit kiya, usa parr adhik samay bitaaya, aur iss kaam seey door rahane seey unake jeevan mein gambhir vikaar paida hue."vasari, joe taba jeevit they jaba printmaking botticelli key dinon kii tulanaa mein kaheen adhik mahatvapurna hoe gaee thee, ise kabhi bhee gambhirta seey naheen lete hain, shayed isaliye kii unake apane chitra prajanan mein achchi tarah seey naheen bikate they.
divya haasya" mein 100 canto hotey hain, aur mudrit paath pratyek canto key liye ack utkirnan key liye jagah chhod detaa haye. haalaanki, kewal 19 chitra utkeern kiye gaye they, aur pustak kii adhikansh pratiyon mein kewal pahale dou yaa teen hain. pahale dou, aur kabhi-kabhi teen, aamtaur parr pustak key prishth parr mudrit hotey hain, jabaki baad key patra alag-alag patron parr mudrit hotey hain jinhen jagah-jagah chipkaya jaataa haye. isase pataa chalata haye kii nakkashi kaa utpaadan mudran seey peechhe reh gayaa thaa, aur baad key chitron koo mudrit aur bandhi hui pustakon key bhandar mein chipkaya gayaa thaa, aur shayed una logon koo becha gayaa thaa jinhone pahale hii pustak khareed lii thee. durbhagya seey baldini naa tou bahut anubhavi they aur naa hii utkeernak key roop mein pratibhashali they, aur apani plates mein botticelli kii shally key swaadisht swaad koo vyakt karane mein asamarth they. cysteine chappel koo bhitti chitra banaane kii pariyojana mein bhaag lene key liye rome koo boticelli key saman seey pariyojana baadhit hoe sakati haye. vaha shayed julaai 1481 seey laker navintam maee 1482 taka door thaa.
pandulipi kii avadharana aur pragati.
aksar yeh socha jaataa haye kii botticelli key chitron koo kalakar key ack mahatvapurna sanrakshak lorenzo dee pierfrensco dee 'medisi dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. 16veen shatabdi key shuruati lekhak, jinhen anonymo magliabechiano key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, kaa kahana haye kii botticelli ney lorenzo key liye charmpatra parr ack daante koo chitrit kiya thaa, lekin yeh aisaa lagata haye jaise kii yeh ack puuraa huaa kaam thaa. vaikalpik roop seey hamaare paas joe chitra hain, way botticelli key apane upayog aur anand key liye ack alag sett hoe sakate hain, joe kii ronald lightbowne kaa nishkarsh haye.
haalaanki mudrit aur sachitra pustak 15veen shatabdi key antim dashakon mein paaramparik aur bahut mahangi prakaashit pandulipi kii jagah leey rahee thee, lekin sabse bhavya granth soochi abhee bhee pandulipiyon koo chaalu curr rahee thee, aur agali shatabdi taka giulio clovio (1498-1578) jaise kalakaron seey, joe shayed mukhya roop seey ack pandulipi prakaashak honey vaale antim pramukh kalakar they, itna achchha karna jaari rakhaa.
chitra daante kii "divya haasya" kii ack pandulipi koo darshaate hain. pratyek canto key poore vishayagat anukram koo botticelli dwara apane swayam key poorna-prishth drying dwara sachitra kiya jaanaa thaa, joe ack abhootpoorv mahatvakankshi avadharana thee. aam taur parr, 15veen shatabdi taka, anya kathaaon key liye, sachitra daante mein pratyek frame chitran mein ack hii ghatana dikhaai gaee thee. botticelli iss parampara koo ack aur, nirantar kathaa key saath jodd rhaa thaa, jahaan baar-baar honey vaali ghatnaaon koo dikhaaya gayaa thaa, aamtaur parr binaa frame key aur paath key neeche key antar mein. iss prakaar daante, virgil aur beatrice key pramukh aakriti aksar ack chhavi mein kaee baar dikhaai dete hain.
dou atirikt chitra hain, narak kaa ack naksha "narak" seey pahale, aur lucifer kaa ack dou prishthon kaa chitra joe daante aur virgil key narak mein utarane koo darshaata haye. paath chitron key vipareet mein likhaa gayaa haye, taaki yeh agale chitra key samaan prishth parr hoe. hamesha kii tarah, chitron key shuru honey seey pahale paath puuraa curr liya gayaa thaa, jisamen pramukh badey aksharon koo chhod diyaa gayaa thaa jinhen prakaashit kiya jaanaa thaa.
chitron key nirmaan kii sateek tithi agyaat haye lekin yeh sahamati haye kii way kaee varshon kii avadhi mein utpaadit kiye gaye they, aur ack shaileegat vikas kaa pataa lagaaya gayaa haye. anuman 1480 key dashak key madhya key aspas lagbhag ack dashak baad key saath shuru honey key beach bhinn hotey hain, aur lagbhag 1480 aur 1505 key beach kii avadhi (jiss samay taka lorenzo dee pierfrensco mrit thaa). botticelli ney kabhi bhee kaary puuraa naheen kiya. kaee chhaviyaan poori tarah seey kheenchi naheen gaee hain aur unamen seey kewal chaar key liye roshni poori hoe gaee haye. haalaanki, chitra iss tarah kii kalaatmaktaa aur sundarta key hain, kii unhein "botticelli kii kalaatmak upalabdhi key liye kendriya" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye aur "primevara" seey cumm mahatvapurna naheen haye. way botticelli dwara jeevit chitron key badey hisse kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. bachee hui anya chadaron kii chhoti sankhya mein seey koee bhee seedhe jeevit chitron seey sambandhit naheen haye.
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii botticelli ney cumm seey cumm motey taur parr paath anukram kaa paalan karate hue chitra banaana shuru curr diyaa haye. narak" key chitra mein "purgatorio" key anta taka baad key chitron kii tulanaa mein badey paimaane parr aankade hain. narak" key liye pahale key chitra aam taur parr sabse adhik poorna hotey hain, aur sabse vistrit hotey hain, lekin cantos II seey VIII, xi aur xiv gayab hain, halanki shayed botticelli dwara banaae gaye hain. hamaare paas antim khand key liye paath prishth hain, "paradiso", "XXXI seey XXXIII taka, lekin chitra kabhi shuru naheen hue they. puuraa honey kii alag-alag degree, aur prishthon key kuchh anukramon parr utkeern canto sankhyaaen aur milan paath kii pahali panktiyaan, lekin anya naheen, sabhi botticelli kii pragati koo samajhane mein jatil hain, aur iss parr vyaapak roop seey bahas kii gaee haye.
takneek.
pratyek prishth koo pahale ack dhaatu key stylus key saath kheencha gayaa thaa, jisase rekhaaen chhod dee gaeen joe abb bahut mund hoe gaee hain. kaee badalaav spasht hain, joe iss takneek mein karna aasaan haye. agala charan inn rekhaaon parr ack kalam aur kaali yaa bhoore rung kii syaahi seey jaanaa thaa. adhikansh prishthon koo inn charanon seey aage naheen liya gayaa thaa, joe aksar ack prishth parr ack saath paae jaate hain, kewal kuchh kshetron parr syaahi luggy hoti haye. anya prishthon parr abhee taka koee hastakshar naheen kiye gaye hain. kewal chaar prishthon koo tempera mein rung lagaane kaa antim charan poori tarah seey praapt huaa, halanki anya aanshik roop seey rangeen hotey hain, aamtaur parr kewal mukhya aakritiyaan hoti hain. yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii botticelli, yaa unake sanrakshak, binaa rung key chitron koo pasand karane key liye aae they, aur jaanboojhkar baaki koo chhod diyaa, lekin adhikansh vidvaanon dwara ise sweekaar naheen kiya jaataa haye.
sanrachana aur navachar.
botticelli kii pandulipiyon mein paath aur chhaviyon koo prastut karane key tareeke mein kaee navachar shamil hain. daante kii narak kii anya samaan sachitra pandulipiyon mein, ack canto mein varnit ghatnaaon koo chitrit karane key liye kaee chitron kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, ack prishth mein adhikansh sthaan chitran aur sambandhit tippani key liye diyaa gayaa thaa, jabaki paath bhaag tulanaa mein chhota thaa. isaliye, ack ekal khand kaee prishthon parr faila huaa haye. botticelli kaa paath aur chitran vyavastha chaar urdhvaadhar stambhon mein ack prishth parr paath prastut karke naveenata laati haye.
isake alawa, isi tarah key karyon key vipareet, botticelli kii pandulipi prati canto mein ack chitran kaa upayog karati haye, joe ack poore prishth parr kabja curr letee haye, ack urdhvaadhar praarup mein canto kii ghatnaaon key anukram kaa ack ekikrit chitran prastut karati haye. iss tarah, pathakon koo pataa chalata haye kii jaba way ack nae prishth parr aage badhate hain, tou way ack nae khand key vishayagat anukram mein pravesh karate hain. pratyek canto kaa paath, baaen seey daaen, ack uchch degree seey mell khaata haye, sachitra pratinidhitva key roop mein paathak oopari baaen koney seey chitran koo dekhta haye aur phir neeche kii or badhata haye. yeh narak key nau vritton key madhyam seey dou kaviyon key vansh kii urdhvaadhar sanrachana koo darshaata haye. narak key maanchitra" aur "lucifer" key atirikt dou chitra iss khand-paath sanrachana key baahar hain, iss prakaar nirantarta kaa ack tatva pradaan kartaa haye joe kaam koo ekikrit kartaa haye. narak" XXXIV seey botticelli dwara lucifer kaa doosara chitra dou prishthon mein faila huaa haye, aur paath-chitran sanrachana key baahar sthit haye, joe shrinkhala kii kathaa koo ekikrit kartaa haye. yeh "narak" kii poori kahani koo bhee darshaata haye aur narak mein lucifer kii bhaugolik sthiti koo darshaata haye.
boticelli narak key dusare aur teesare daur key chitron key jamini vimaanon koo urdhvaadhar roop seey prastut kartaa haye. halanki pahale teen daur key chitra alag-alag chhaviyon koo darshaate hain, urdhvaadhar pariprekshya unhein ack ikai mein jodata haye. teesare daur mein cantos xv, xvi aur xvii key liye chitra shamil hain, joe una logon kii sajaa koo darshaate hain jinhone bhagwan, prakriti aur kalaa key khilaf hinsa dwara paap kiya thaa.
botticelli narak key aathven vritt koo chitrit karane key liye terah chitron kaa upayog kartaa haye, jisamen duss daraaron koo darshaaya gayaa haye joe ack katak key madhyam seey utarate hain.
ayam.
pandulipi kaa pratyek prishth lagbhag 32 semi oonchaa aur 47 semi chauda thaa. choonki pratyek khand kaa paath ack hii prishth parr likhaa gayaa thaa aur saath mein chitran ack alag prishth parr thaa, isaliye dou prishthon koo kshaitij praarup mein vyavasthit karna avyaavhaarik hotaa kyonki yeh lagbhag chauda hotaa. isake liye pathakon koo baaen seey daaen sir ghumana hoga, jabaki way baaen seey paath stambhon koo daaen chitra seey jodane kii koshish karenge. ack urdhvaadhar vyavastha, paath prishth key sheersh parr chitran prishth koo dher karna, paath-chitran jodee koo sanyojit karane kaa ack adhik kushal tarika haye; urdhvaadhar roop seey kholane key liye design kiya gayaa ack volume botticelli kii pandulipi key liye ack adhik sambhaavit paridrishya haye. yadi pandulipi kaa bandhan urdhvaadhar roop seey khula hotaa, tou ayam lagbhag chaude aur uchch hotey, aur paath aur chitran donon koo ack hii prishth parr shamil karate. isase paath padhana aur pratyek khand key chitra koo dekhana aasaan aur adhik kushal hoe jaataa.
samagri kaa sthaan.
vatican pustakalaya mein "narak kaa naksha" aur "narak" key chitra i, ix, xii, xii, xv aur xvi hain. narak kaa naksha" aur canto aaee key liye chitra ack hii bakri-twacha charmpatra key pratyek taraf kheencha gayaa haye. berlin sangrahalaya mein joe chitra they, unhein germany key vibhajan key baad yuddh key baad alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin punarmilan key baad sangrah koo phir seey ekikrit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. berlin sangrahalaya mein baaki maujooda chitra hain, jinamen canto VIII key liye chitra shamil hain. paradiso" key liye cantos xvii seey canto XXx key liye "narak" chitron kaa anukram antaral key binaa haye. canto XXXI key chitra key liye prishth khaali dikhaai detaa haye, aur anukram canto XXXII key liye adhure chitra key saath samaapt hotaa haye.
film.
2016 kii film "botticelli inferno" sachitra pandulipi key itihas parr adharit haye.

