
pragatisheel shram party (sanyukt raajya)

pragatisheel laber party (pee. ell. pee.) sanyukt raajya america mein ack sanshodhanvaadi-virodhi markswadi-leninist communist party haye. yeh janwari 1962 mein communist party america mein vibhajan key baad pragatisheel shram andolan key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, 1965 key vasant mein aayojit ack sammelan mein iska nayaa naam apanaaya gayaa thaa. yeh 1960 key dashak aur 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein ack loktaantrik samaaj key liye chhatron key apane karyakarta chhaatr gutt key madhyam seey viyatnam virodhi yuddh andolan mein shamil thaa.
pee. ell. pee. ack pakhwade kaa samachar patra prakaashit kartaa haye, "challenge".
itihas.
sthaapana.
pee. ell. pee. kii shuruat janwari 1962 mein pragatisheel shram andolan naamak ack sangathit gutt key roop mein hui. iska gathan 1961 key patan key baad sanyukt raajya america kii communist party (see. pee. yuu. aiss. aeye.) mein vibhajan key baad huaa thaa, jisamen vampanthi shram kaaryakartaon milt rosen (1926-2011) aur mortimer skier kaa nishkasana dekhaa gayaa thaa. apane nishkasana seey pahale, rosen ack pramukh cpus padadhikari they, joe 1957 seey upstate newyork key liye jilaa aayojak aur 1959 seey sabhi newyork raajya key liye audyogik aayojak key roop mein kaary curr rahey they. disambar 1961 mein ack praarambhik sangathanaatmak baithak aayojit kii gaee thee, jisamen lagbhag 50 vartamaan aur poorv cpus sadasyon mein seey 12 ney bhaag liya thaa, joe khud koo "coll group" key roop mein pahachaante they. rosen ney cuba kranti seey prerit samooh koo ack raajneetik report dee jisamen sanyukt raajya america mein ack naee communist party kii sthaapana kaa aagrah kiya gayaa thaa taaki seepusa koo pratisthaapit kiya jaa sakey, jise avishvasaniya roop seey "sanshodhanvaadi" key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa.
sangathan apane pahale maheenon mein anakar banaa rhaa, "pragatisheel shram" prakaashit kiya-shuru mein ack masik samachar patra-aur chhote paimaane parr charchaon mein sanlagn thaa. julaai 1962 mein newyork shahar mein "pragatisheel shram" key sampadakon dwara ack sangathanaatmak sammelan bulaaya gayaa thaa. hotal rajanyik mein aayojit iss sabhaa mein 11 alag-alag shaharon key 50 logon ney bhaag liya aur ack aupchaarik sangathan, pragatisheel shram andolan shuru karane key liye seva kii. rosen ney ack baar phir mukhya raajneetik report sabhaa koo dee, jisamen ack nae krantikari samajwadi andolan key samarthakon koo jeetane key liye clubon aur sambaddh zana sangathanon key ack network key vikas aur ack karyakram key lekhan kaa ahwan kiya gayaa. navgathit sangathan key chhote aakar koo dekhate hue, ack raajneetik dall kaa gathan avaanchhit maanaa gayaa. sangathan kii praarambhik aur sankramankalin prakriti parr jore dene key liye "pragatisheel shram andolan" naam kaa chayan kiya gayaa thaa. pragatisheel shram andolan koo antatah aprail 1965 mein newyork shahar mein aayojit ack sansthaapak sammelan mein pragatisheel shram party key roop mein punargathit kiya gayaa thaa. ack 20-sadasyiya rashtriya samiti kaa chunaav kiya gayaa thaa, aur rosen party key sansthaapak adhyaksh baney. newyork shahar mein sangathanaatmak mukhyalaya sthaapit kiye gaye they.
1960 key dashak mein.
haalaanki yeh sansadvaad koo ack anta key roop mein aswikar kartaa haye, pragatisheel shram andolan ney chunavi prakriya koo prachaar key liye ack vaahan key roop mein upayog karane key liye twarit thaa, newyork shahar mein 5,000 panjikrit matdaataon key hastakshar praapt karane key liye ack prayaas shuru kiya taaki navambar 1963 key newyork shahar parishad key chunaav key liye matdan parr ack pee. ell. pee. ummidwar rakhaa jaa sakey. halanki yeh apane ummidwar koo matpatra parr rakhane mein kamyab naheen huaa, proto-pee. ell. pee. ney chunavi abhiyaan key sanyojan mein party saahitya key 100,000 seey adhik tukade vitarit kiye.
poore dashak mein pee. ell. pee. mamuli aakar kaa rhaa. isane apani sadasyata kaa prachaar naheen kiya, lekin 1967 aur 1968 mein daayar sanghiya aaykar vivarani ack uchit proxy pradaan karati haye. pee. ell. pee. aupchaarik roop seey ack prakaashan saajhedaari soochi key roop mein astitva mein thaa jisamen milt rosen aur nyu york raajya senate key liye party key 1965 key ummidwar, bill aptone, bhagidaron key roop mein they. inn aaya aur vyay 1967 mein lagbhag 66,000 dollar aur 1968 mein lagbhag 88,600 dollar they, jisamen bhagidaron ney pratyaksh vyaavsaayik sambandhon seey koee aaya kaa daavaa naheen kiya thaa.
1960 key dashak key dauran, pee. ell. pee. ney cheeni communist party kii antarrashtriya raajneetik rekha kaa paalan kiya aur tippanikaron dwara ise "maovadi" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa. sangathan ney viyatnam virodhi yuddh andolan mein ack jagah banaai, jisamen isake karyakarta chhaatr gathbandhan gutt ney ack loktaantrik samaaj key liye chhatron key bheetar krantikari yuva andolan gutt key pratidvandiyon key roop mein kaam kiya, jiska ack hissa (aar. aaee. aim. 1) baad mein mausam bhoomigat mein vikasit huaa.
pee. ell. pee. ney apane shuruati varshon seey hii zana sangathanon (front samoohon) kaa vyaapak upayog kiya, jisake madhyam seey isane apane vichaaron kaa prasaar kiya, dhana jutaaya aur nae sadasyon kii bharti kii. inmein cuba kii yatra key liye chhaatr samiti (1963-64) thee, jisane uttar-krantikari cuba kii yatra kaa ayojan kiya; harlem raksha parishad (1964), harlem mein nasleeya unmukh dangon key jawab mein aayojit; maee 2 andolan (m2m, 1964 kii sthaapana), viyatnam yuddh key virodh mein aayojit; aur anya alpakaalik, mudde-sanchaalit morche key samooh.
1970 key dashak mein.
pee. ell. pee. ney saanskritik kranti kaa samarthan karane vaali apani pichhali raajneetik line koo samaapt curr diyaa aur 1971 key vasant mein party key sadasyon key liye ack aantarik charcha bulletin key prakaashan key saath cheeni shasson key saath asahamati key aathh binduon kaa vivaran dete hue chean key janvaadi ganarajya key saath toot gayaa. yeye kambodiya, uttari koria, romania, yugoslavia aur sanyukt raajya america key prati chean key videshi sambandhon key naram honey, "sanyukt raajya mein krantikari samooh key roop mein black panther party kii poori unnati" aur "nasser seey laker nakruma taka duniya bhar mein harr rashtravadi nakali key saath isaki kull milibhugat" seey sambandhit hain.
1970 key dashak key dauran, pee. ell. pee. ney sanyukt raajya mein naslavaad key aspas apani gatividhi koo aakar denaa shuru kiya, naslavaad (kaar) key khilaf samiti naamak ack zana sangathan kaa gathan kiya. julaai 1976 mein newyork shahar mein aayojit ack kaar sammelan mein 500 pratibhaagi shamil hue. sangathan ney apane kathit virodhiyon key khilaf aakramak pratyaksh kaarravaai ranneeti kaa upayog kiya, 1976 key vasant mein vivadaspad manovaigyaanik arther genson aur bhautik vigyaani villium shockley dwara prastutiyon koo baadhit kiya. kaar samaaj jeevvigyaani ee key shatrutapurna alochakon mein sabse mukhar thee. oh. willson. sangathan ney harvard squire mein dharna diyaa aur samaaj jeev vigyaan key khilaf pradarshanon kaa ahwan karane vaale logon koo saunpa, joe unake vichaar mein naslavaad, yuddh aur narsamhar key liye jimmedaar vyaktiyon aur samoohon kii raksha key liye upayog kiya jaa rhaa thaa. 1977 mein, sangathan, jiska abb naslavaad (incar) key khilaf antarrashtriya samiti kaa naam badal diyaa gayaa haye, willson key sir parr paani kaa ack ghadaa dalkar ack shaikshanik sammelan koo baadhit karke surkhiyan banaa, jabaki "willson, aap sabhi geele hain" kaa jaap karate hue.
sanrachana.
1965 mein pee. ell. pee. key gathan key samay apanaae gaye samvidhaan key anusaar, sadasyata cumm seey cumm 17 varsh kii ayu key kissy bhee vyakti key liye khuli thee, jisane party key karyakram aur neetiyon koo sweekaar kiya, bakaaya kaa bhugtan kiya aur aavashyak mulyankan kiya aur party prakashanon kii sadasyata lii. sangathan key bheetar sarvocch adhikaar harr dou saal mein aayojit rashtriya sammelanon dwara lagaaya jaanaa thaa. sammelanon key beach shasson key mamalon koo sambhaalane key liye ack rashtriya samiti kaa chunaav karna thaa. pee. ell. pee. kii praathamik party ikai "club" thee, joe yaa tou dukaan, kshetriya yaa karyatmak aadhar parr aayojit kii jaati thee. party key sabhi sadasyon koo ack club key sakriya sadasya honey aur loktaantrik kendriyavaad key siddhanton seey bandhe honey kii aavashyakta thee, jisamen uchch nikaayon key nirnayon koo nichale nikaayon mein pratibhagiyon parr badhyakari maanaa jaataa thaa. 1960 key dashak key dauran, nae sadasyon koo teen maheene key vaichaarik prashikshan seey gujarna padata thaa, aamtaur parr alag-alag gharon mein chhote samooh mein.
apane sadasyon seey apekshit mahatvapurna aarthik aur vyaapak samay aavashyaktaon key kaaran, pee. ell. pee. apani sthaapana key baad seey ack chhota cadder sangathan rhaa haye, jisamen 1970 mein lagbhag 350 kii "anumaanit haard-core sadasyata" thee, jisake poorak kaee sahaanubhooti rakhane vaale they. 1971 kii grih aantarik suraksha samiti key karmchaariyon kii report key anusaar, 1960 key dashak key dauran sadasya mukhya roop seey safed, madhyam varg kii prishthabhoomi seey they, maadak padarthon key upayog seey door they, aur "saaf-suthare kapade pahanane aur chhote baal pahanane" kii pravritti rakhate they.
prakaashan.
1960 aur 1970 key dashak key dauran, pee. ell. pee. ney "pragatisheel shram" naamak ack patrika prakaashit kii, joe timahi aur baad mein dwimasik prakaashan mein sthanantarit honey seey pahale masik key roop mein dikhaai dee. 1970 key aspas "pragatisheel shram" kaa press runn lagbhag 10,000 thaa. party ney "challenge" bhee prakaashit kiya, isi tarah varshon key badalate antaral parr ack prakaashan jaari kiya gayaa. sarkari jaanchkartaon key anumaanon key anusaar, 1970 mein, iss prakaashan kaa press runn lagbhag 75,000 thaa, jinamen seey kaee pratiyaan naheen bikin.
"chunauti" aaj bhee ack dwisaptahik key roop mein utpaadan mein bunny hui haye, joe apane samanantar spanish bhasha samkaksh "desafio" key saath usee aavaran key tahat jaari kii gaee haye."pee. ell. pee. ack ardhvaarshik saiddhaantik patrika bhee taiyar kartaa haye", communist."
1963 aur 1964 key dauran, pee. ell. pee. ney "markswadi-leninist traimasik" naamak ack saiddhaantik patrika kaa bhee nirmaan kiya."iss prakaashan koo 1965 mein" "pragatisheel shram" "patrika key saath samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur iska vilay curr diyaa gayaa thaa. ack paschimi tata prakaashan jise" "spark" "kahaa jaataa haye, 1965 seey 1968 kii shuruat taka bhee banaaya gayaa thaa.

