
thomas bernhard

nicolas thomas bernhard (9 farwari 1931-12 farwari 1989) ack austriyai upanyaskar, natakkar aur kavi they jinhone vivadaspad saahitya mein mrityu, samajik anyaay aur maanav dukh kii khoj kii joe samanya roop seey aadhunik sabhyata aur vishesh roop seey austriyai sanskriti key baare mein gaharaai seey nirashawadi thaa. bernhard key kaary koo dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad seey sabse mahatvapurna saahityik upalabdhi kahaa gayaa haye."unhein vyaapak roop seey yuddh key baad key yug key sabse mahatvapurna german bhasha key lekhakon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye.
jeevan.
thomas bernhard kaa janm 1931 mein neetherland key heerlen mein huaa thaa, jahan unaki avivaahit maan herta bernhard ack naukarani key roop mein kaam karati theen. 1931 kii sharad ritu seey way 1937 taka vienna mein apane daadaa-daadi key saath rahey, jaba unaki maan, jinhone iss beach shaadi kii thee, unhein traunstein, bawaria, naazi germany mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. vahaan unhein "diaches jungwolk" mein shamil honey kii aavashyakta thee, joe hitler yuvaaon kii ack shakha thee, jisase unhein nafrat thee. bernhard key swabhavik pitaa alois zuckerstatter ack badhai aur chhote aparaadhi they jinhone apane bete koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa thaa. zuckerstatter kii 1940 mein ack kathit aatmahatya mein gais vishaaktata seey berlin mein mrityu hoe gaee; bernhard unase kabhi naheen mille.
bernhard key daadaa, lekhak ney unake liye sangeet nirdesh sahit ack kalaatmak shiksha key liye jore diyaa. bernhard seekirchen mein praathamik vidyalaya gaye aur baad mein salzberg key vibhinn vidyaalayon mein bhaag liya, jisamen "johanium" bhee shamil thaa, jise unhone 1947 mein ack kiraane key saman key saath prashikshuta shuru karane key liye chhod diyaa thaa. george steiner bernhard kii schooly shiksha koo "ghrinit" bataate hain... ack dukhad damankari pranali key tahat, pahale catholic pujaariyon dwara chalaaya jaataa haye, phir naziyon dwara.
bernhard kaa "labensmensh" (ack mukhya roop seey austriyai shabd, jise bernhard ney khud gadhaa thaa aur joe kissy key jeevan mein sabse mahatvapurna vyakti koo sandarbhit kartaa haye) headwig stavianisek (1894-1984) thee, joe ack mahila thee joe apane saintees saal seey adhik umr kii thee, jise usane apane marane key dinon mein akele dekhaa-rakhaa thaa. way 1950 mein, apani maan kii mrityu key varsh aur apane priya daadaa kii mrityu key ack saal baad, stevianisek seey mille they. stavianisek bernhard key jeevan mein pramukh samarthan they aur unhone apane saahityik jeevan koo bahut aage badhaaya. mahilaaon key saath unake sambandhon kii seema yaa prakriti aspasht haye. thomas bernhard kaa saarvajanik vyaktitva alaingik thaa.
tapedik sahit fefadon kii beemariyon seey peedit apane kishoravastha key dauran, bernhard ney 1949 seey 1951 taka key varshon koo sink witt imm pongaau mein graphenhoff sanitorium mein bitaaya. unhone salzberg (1955-1957) mein mosartium mein ack abhineta key roop mein prashikshan liya aur hamesha sangeet mein gahari ruchi rakhate they. haalaanki, unake fefadon kii sthiti ney ack gaayak key roop mein apana currier asambhav banaa diyaa. usake baad unhone ack patrakaar key roop mein, mukhya roop seey ack aparaadh reporter key roop mein kaam kiya, aur phir ack purnakaalik lekhak bunn gaye. 1970 mein unhone george butchner puraskar jeetaa.
1978 mein, bernhard koo sarcoidisis kaa pataa chalaa thaa. apane fefadon key liye lagaatar chikitsa dekhbhal kii aavashyakta key ack dashak baad, 1989 mein oopari austriya key gamanden mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. haalaanki yeh daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii unaki mrityu sahaayata praapt aatmahatya seey hui thee, samkaaleen shoke-soochanaon ney bataaya, aur bernhard key sautele bhaai, dow. peater fabzon ney pushti kii kii bernhard koo dill kaa daura padaa thaa. unake antim sanskar key baad hii unaki mrityu kii ghoshana kii gaee. apani vaseeyat mein, jisane prakaashan parr badaa vivaad khadaa curr diyaa, bernhard ney apane natakon key kissy bhee nae pradarshan aur austriya mein apane aprakaashit kaam key prakaashan parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa; haalaanki, 1999 mein ise unake uttaradhikari, peater fabzon dwara radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa. ohlsorf-obernathal 2 mein bernhard kaa aakarshak ghar jahan vaha 1965 mein chaley gaye they, abb unake kaam key adhyayan aur pradarshan key liye ack sangrahalaya aur kendra haye.
kaam karate hain.
aksar austriya mein apane aalochanatmak vichaaron key liye "nestbasemutzer" (joe apana ghonsala khud banaata haye) key roop mein aalochana kii jaati thee, bernhard koo videshon mein atyadhik saraha gayaa thaa. phir bhee, kuchh austriyai logon dwara apani matribhoomi key baare mein unake mukhar aur kathor vichaaron key liye, jisamen naazi ateet bhee shamil haye, unaki ninda kii gaee, lekin apane jivankal key dauran, unhein austriya mein bhee atyadhik saraha gayaa, unhone pramukh puraskar jeete, aur kaee logon dwara unhein usa samay key pramukh lekhak key roop mein dekhaa gayaa.
unakaa kaam sabse adhik parityakt honey kii bhavna (unake bachpan aur yuvavastha mein) aur unaki lailaj bimari seey prabhaavit haye, jisake kaaran unhein mrityu koo astitva key antim saar key roop mein dekhana padaa. unake kaam mein aamtaur parr akele logon key ekalap hotey hain joe duniya kii sthiti parr unake vichaaron koo, aksar ack thhos sthiti key sandarbh mein aur kabhi-kabhi shrota dwara dusare haath seey report kiye jaane key baare mein, ack mook shrota koo samajhaate hain. unake gambhir aur nirashawadi vichaaron key saath-saath, unake karyon mein jeevan parr majedar avalokan bhee hain. bernhard koo aksar ack shabd lekhak maanaa jaataa haye, lekin andreas dorschel ney yeh darshaakar iss drishtikon koo vyaapak banaaya haye kii bernhard key paatr (vishesh roop seey "daas kalkwork" mein) atyadhik bhaashan aur atyadhik kifayati abhivyaktiyon key beach dolan karate hain. jaisa kii dorschel kaa tark haye, donon tareeke parasparik roop seey soochit pakshon key saath virodh kii ack shrinkhala kaa utpaadan karate hain.
bernhard key mukhya naayak, aksar vidwan yaa, jaisa kii vaha unhein "geistashmenshen" (buddhijivi) kahate hain, ack "moorkh janata" key khilaf astrian key liye praasangik harr cheej kii ninda karate hain. vaha raajya (jise aksar "catholic-rashtriya-samajwadi" kahaa jaataa haye), aam taur parr vienna key chor aur bahut priya kalakaron jaise sammaanit sansthanon parr bhee hamla kartaa haye. unakaa kaam ack apraapya poornata key liye prayaas curr rahey logon key algaav aur aatm-vinash seey bhee sambandhit haye, kyonki isi poornata kaa arth thaharaav aur isaliye mrityu hoga. catholic-virodhi bayanbaji asamanya naheen haye.
"yeh sub kuchh haye, ack aadami ack daine toda denkat" (yeh sub hasyaspad haye, jaba koee mrityu key baare mein sochata haye) unaki tippani thee jaba unhein 1968 mein ack mamuli austriyai rashtriya puraskar milaa, jisake parinamswarup unhone kaee saarvajanik ghotalon mein seey ack kiya joe varshon seey hue aur joe unaki prasiddhi kaa hissa bunn gaye. udaaharan key liye, unakaa upanyaas "holzfalen" (1984), ack poorv mitra dwara manhani key daave key kaaran varshon taka prakaashit naheen hoe sakaa. unake kaee natakon-sabse badhkar "holdenplatz" (1988)-koo kaee austriyai logon kii aalochana kaa saamana karna padaa, jinhone daavaa kiya kii unhone austriya kii pratishtha koo dhumil kiya. ack adhik vivadaspad pankti ney austriya koo "ack kroor aur moorkh rashtra" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya... ack buddhiheen, sanskritihin seaver joe poore europe mein apani durgandh failata haye."holdenplatz", saath hii inn varshon mein bernhard dwara likhe gaye anya natakon kaa manchan vivadaspad nirdeshak dwara vienna key prasiddh bergatheter mein kiya gayaa thaa.
yahaan taka kii mrityu mein bhee bernhard ney apane "saahityik pravaas" seey ashanti paida kii, jaisa kii unhone ise kahaa thaa, jisake dwara unhone austriya key bheetar apane kaam key sabhi prakaashan aur stagging koo aswikar curr diyaa. antarrashtriya thomas bernhard foundation, jise unake nishpaadak aur sautele bhaai dow. peater fabzan ney taba seey apavaad banaae hain, halanki suhercamp kii german firm unake pramukh prakaashak bunny hui haye.
bernhard aur unake prakaashak sigfried key beach 1961 seey 1989 taka kaa patrachar-lagbhag 500 patra-disambar 2009 mein germany key suhercamp verlag mein prakaashit huaa thaa.
aage padhein.
sameekshaaen

