seeriya kaa samvidhaan

siriyai arab ganarajya key vartamaan samvidhaan koo 26 farwari 2012 koo apanaaya gayaa thaa, joe 13 march 1973 seey lagu thaa. vartamaan samvidhaan raajya kii sarkaar koo "loktaantrik" aur "gantantra" pranali key roop mein naamit kartaa haye. yeh arab key roop mein seeriya kii pehchaan nirdhaarit kartaa haye aur desh koo vyaapak "arab matribhoomi" key ack hisse key roop mein aur isake logon koo arab rashtra key ack abhinn anga key roop mein varnit kartaa haye. samvidhaan antatah arab sangh praapt karane key liye anya arab deshon key saath sahyog key liye paine-arab karyakram kaa samarthan kartaa haye.
itihas.
praarambhik samvidhaan.
ibrahim hananu key tahat ack samiti dwara taiyar 1930 kaa siriyai samvidhaan, pahale siriyai ganarajya kaa sansthaapak samvidhaan thaa. samvidhaan key anusaar rashtrapati koo muslim dharm kaa honah aavashyak thaa (anuchhed 3). ise 5 sitambar 1950 key samvidhaan dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jise 10 julaai 1953 key samvidhaan aur sanyukt arab ganarajya key asthaayi samvidhaan key baad bahaal kiya gayaa thaa. antatah ise 25 aprail 1964 key anantim samvidhaan dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa jise swayam 1 maee 1969 key anantim samvidhaan dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
1973 kaa samvidhaan.
13 march 1973 koo ack nayaa samvidhaan apanaaya gayaa thaa aur 27 farwari 2012 taka upayog mein thaa. isane arab samajwadi baath party kii shakti koo sthaapit kiya, isaki dhaara 8 mein party koo "samaaj aur raajya mein agrani party" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, bhale hii seeriya aupchaarik roop seey ack-party pranali naa hoe. samvidhaan mein dou baar sanshodhan kiya gayaa haye. anuchhed 6 koo 1981 mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. samvidhaan mein aakhiri baar 2000 mein sanshodhan kiya gayaa thaa jaba rashtrapati kii nyuntam ayu 40 seey ghataakar 34 curr dee gaee thee.
2012 kaa samvidhaan.
2011 kii siriyai kranti key baad, siriyai sarkaar ney ack nae samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar kiya aur ise 26 farwari 2012 koo janmat sangrah mein rakhaa, jisaki antarrashtriya paryavekshakon dwara nigrani naheen kii gaee thee. samvidhaan mein sanshodhan saundarya prasaadhan they aur rashtravyapi virodh key liye bathwadi sarkaar kii pratikriya kaa hissa they. choonki iss kadam ney seeriya kii sarkaar kii shakti parr ekadhikar curr diyaa aur wafadar halakon key baahar paramarsh key binaa iska masauda taiyar kiya gayaa, isaliye siriyai vipaksh aur krantikari dalon ney janmat sangrah kaa bahishkaar kiya, jisake parinamswarup sarkari aankadon key anusaar bahut cumm bhagidari hui. janmat sangrah key parinamswarup nayaa samvidhaan apanaaya gayaa, joe 27 farwari 2012 koo lagu huaa.
avalokan.
nae samvidhaan ney sattawadi sanrachana koo samekit kiya aur ise ack atyadhik shaktishali rashtrapati key tahat kendrikrit kiya. yeh baath party key spasht roop seey arab rashtravadi rukh koo bhee banaae rakhta haye aur "arab ekataa" praapt karane key saadhan key roop mein kshetriya ekikaran kii vakaalat kartaa haye. samvidhaan arabi koo desh kii aadhikarik bhasha ghoshit kartaa haye. 
samvidhaan koo 6 bhaagon (parichay koo chhodkar) mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye jinhen adhyaay kahaa jaataa haye.
sanshodhan.
samvidhaan mein ullekhaniya parivartanon mein shamil hainh
rashtrapati kii shaktiyon kaa vistaar.
nae samvidhaan key anuchhed 83-150 ney karyapalika, vidhaayika aur nyaypalika mein rashtrapati kii shaktiyon mein vriddhi kii. siriyai rashtrapati kii karyakari bhoomika teenon shaakhaon parr apana niyantran nirdhaarit karati haye, rashtrapati koo cumm seey cumm 21 anuchhedon key madhyam seey aniyantrit shaktiyan pradaan karati haye. 2012 key samvidhaan dwara pradatt kuchh asadharan shaktiyon mein rashtrapati kii bhoomika koo oopar uthaana shamil haih
aalochana.
2012 kaa samvidhaan siriyai vipaksh key lagbhag sabhi nikaayon dwara maanyata praapt naheen haye, jinhone janmat sangrah kaa bahishkaar kiya thaa. samvidhaan kaa masauda bathist wafadaron dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh apani shakti parr ekadhikar key saath-saath siriyai virodh pradarshanon koo dabaane key sarkari prayason kaa hissa thaa. antarrashtriya visheshagyon ney aaklan kiya haye kii samvidhaan mein koee "niyantran aur santulan" naheen haye, jisase yeh raajneetik parivartan key liye vyavharya naheen haye. siriyai vipakshi kaaryakartaon ney samvidhaan mein cumm seey cumm 21 khandon koo nirast karane kii maang kii haye joe rashtrapati koo aniyantrit shaktiyan, aapaatkaaleen adalaton koo nirvaasit karane aur 20 seey adhik aapaatkaaleen aadeshon koo vaapas lene kii maang karate hain taaki ack saarthak sankraman prakriya shuru kii jaa sakey. parivartan aur mukti key liye lokpriya morcha, ekmatra vipakshi morcha jisane shuru mein siriyai logon kii sabhaa mein bhaag liya thaa, ney busher all-asad dwara geneva vaartaon koo whiffle karane key baad 2016 mein apani maanyata vaapas leey lii.

