hydrogen sinide

hydrogen sinide, jise kabhi-kabhi prusic acid kahaa jaataa haye, ack rasayanik yaugik haye jiska sootra aich. see. aine. aur sanrachanaatmak sootra haye. yeh ack rangheen, atyant jaharila aur jwalansheel taral haye joe kamare key tapman seey thodaa oopar ubalata haye. aich. see. aine. kaa utpaadan audyogik paimaane parr kiya jaataa haye aur yeh polymer seey laker pharmaceuticals taka key kaee rasayanik yaugikon key liye ack atyadhik moolyavaan agradoot haye. badey paimaane parr anuprayog kramshah khanan aur plastic mein upayog kiye jaane vaale potasium sinide aur ediponetrile key utpaadan key liye hain. yeh apani asthir prakriti key kaaran thhos sinide yaugikon kii tulanaa mein adhik vishaakt haye.
sanrachana aur samanya guna.
hydrogen sinide ack raikhik anu haye, jisamen carbon aur nitrogen key beach teen bandhan hotey hain. aich. see. aine. kaa toutomer aich. aine. see. haye, hydrogen isocyanide.
hydrogen sinide 9.2 key pee "key" aeye key saath kamjor amleeya haye. yeh sinide ayanan, cn-dene key liye paani key ghol mein aanshik roop seey aayanit hotaa haye. paani mein hydrogen sinide kaa ack ghol, jise aich. see. aine. key roop mein darshaaya jaataa haye, koo "hydrocyanic acid" kahaa jaataa haye. sinide aayan key lavanon koo sinide key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
aich. see. aine. mein ack halki kadvi badam jaisi gandh hoti haye jiska kuchh loga ack aprabhaavi aanuvanshik visheshta key kaaran pataa lagaane mein asamarth hotey hain. vashpasheel yaugik kaa upayog shwas-grahan krintaknashak aur maanav jahar key roop mein kiya gayaa haye, saath hii whale koo maarne key liye bhee kiya gayaa haye. sinide aayan lauh yukt shwasan enzymon mein hastakshep karate hain.
rasayanik guna.
nickle parisaron key utpreran key tahat hydrogen sinide alkien key saath pratikriya karega. iss pratikriya koo hydrocyanation kahaa jaataa haye.
aich. see. aine. key chaar anu diaminomelionitrile mein tetramerise hoe jaayenge, jinhen vibhinn purin mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye.
khoj kaa itihas.
hydrogen sinide koo pahali baar ack neele rung key varnak (prussian neela) seey alag kiya gayaa thaa, joe 1706 seey gyaat thaa, lekin jisaki sanrachana agyaat thee. abb yeh ack jatil sanrachana aur hydrated ferric ferrocyanide key ack anubhavjanya sootra key saath ack samanvaya bahulak key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. 1752 mein, francisi rasaayanagya piyare macker ney yeh dikhaane kaa mahatvapurna kadam uthaaya kii prussian neele rung koo ack lauh oxide aur ack asthir ghatak mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye aur inca upayog ise phir seey banaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. nayaa ghatak vaha thaa jise abb hydrogen sinide key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. macker key netritva key baad, ise pahali baar 1782 mein swedish rasaayanagya carle wilheim skille dwara prussian neele seey taiyar kiya gayaa thaa, aur antatah ise german naam "blauser" ("litt") diyaa gayaa thaa. "neela aml") paani mein isaki amleeya prakriti aur prussian neele seey isaki vyutpatti key kaaran. angreji mein, yeh "prusic acid" key roop mein lokpriya hoe gayaa."
1787 mein, francisi rasaayanagya clod luis bertholet ney dikhaaya kii prusic acid mein oxygen naheen thaa, joe acid siddhant mein ack mahatvapurna yogdan thaa, jisane abb taka yeh abhinirdhaarit kiya thaa kii acid mein oxygen honey chaahiye (isaliye oxygen kaa naam, joe greek tatvon seey liya gayaa haye jiska arth haye "acid-former" aur isi tarah german mein "sirestoff" key roop mein calc kiya jaataa haye). 1811 mein, joseph luis gey-lusack ney shuddh, draveekrit hydrogen sinide taiyar kiya. 1815 mein, gey-lusack ney prusic acid key rasayanik sootra kaa anuman lagaaya. hydrogen sinide mein mool "sinide" koo iska naam saiyan seey diyaa gayaa thaa, naa kewal neele rung kii chhaaya key liye ack angreji shabd balki neele () key liye yunani shabd, phir seey prussian neele seey isaki vyutpatti key kaaran.
utpaadan aur sanshleshan.
hydrogen, carbon aur amonia key kaee sanyojanon seey cumm seey cumm seemit matra mein hydrogen sinide banata haye. vartamaan mein kaee prakriyaon dwara hydrogen sinide kaa badee matra mein utpaadan kiya jaataa haye, saath hii saath acrylonitrile key nirmaan seey baramad apashisht utpaad bhee haye. 2006 mein, 500 million aur 1 billion pound (230,000 aur 450,000 tunn key beach) key beach america mein utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa.
sabse mahatvapurna prakriya andruso okseekaran haye jiska aavishkaar leonid andruso ney aaee. jee. farben mein kiya thaa jisamen meethen aur amonia lagbhag ack platinum utprerak parr oxygen kii upasthiti mein pratikriya karate hainh
pratikriya key liye aavashyak oorjaa meethen aur amonia key aanshik okseekaran dwara pradaan kii jaati haye.
cumm mahatva kii digusa prakriya (bee. aim. aeye. prakriya) haye jisamen koee oxygen naheen jodaa jaataa haye aur oorjaa koo reactor kii deewaar key madhyam seey apratyaksh roop seey sthanantarit kiya jaanaa chaahieh
yeh pratikriya bhaap sudhaar key samaan haye, carbon monoxide aur hydrogen dene key liye meethen aur paani kii pratikriya.
shavinigan prakriya mein, hydrocarbon, ee.jee. propen, amonia key saath pratikriya karate hain.
prayogshala mein kshaariya dhatuon key sinide lavanon mein acid key judaav seey aich. see. aine. kii chhoti matra kaa utpaadan hotaa haih
yeh pratikriya kabhi-kabhi aakasmik jahar kaa aadhar hoti haye kyonki acid ack gair-vashpasheel sinide namak koo gaisiya aich. see. aine. mein parivartit curr detaa haye.
hydrogen sinide koo potasium ferricyanide aur acid seey praapt kiya jaa sakata haih
utpaadan key aitihaasik tareeke.
1890 key dashak mein khanan karyon key liye sinide kii badee maang koo george thomas belby dwara puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone 1892 mein chamakate hue koyale parr amonia koo paarit karke hydrogen sinide kaa utpaadan karane key liye ack vidhi kaa patent karaaya thaa. iss vidhi kaa upayog taba taka kiya gayaa thaa jaba taka kii hamilton castner ney 1894 mein koyla, amonia aur sodium seey shuru honey vaale sodium sinide seey ack sanshleshan vikasit naheen kiya, joe gaisiya hcn banaane key liye acid key saath pratikriya kartaa haye.
anuprayog.
aich. see. aine. sodium sinide aur potasium sinide kaa agradoot haye, jiska upayog mukhya roop seey soney aur chaandi key khanan mein aur una dhatuon key vidyutaropan key liye kiya jaataa haye. sinohydrine key madhyasthata key madhyam seey, aich. see. aine. seey monomer methyl methacrylate, acetone seey, emino acid methionine, stracker sanshleshan key madhyam seey, aur challeting agent edda aur aine. tii. aeye. sahit vibhinn prakaar key upayogi carbonic yaugik taiyar kiye jaate hain. hydrocyanation prakriya key madhyam seey, nylon-6,6 key agradoot ediponetrile dene key liye aich. see. aine. koo beautadine mein jodaa jaataa haye.
aich. see. aine. kaa upayog khaadya utpaadan suvidhaon koo prabhaavit karane vaale keat keeton kii kaee prajaatiyon key khilaf vishva star parr ack dhusar key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. isaki prabhavkarita aur anuprayog kii vidhi donon seey ack hii uddeshya key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale anya vishaakt padarthon kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm matra mein fumigant kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. sulfuril fluoride aur methyl bromide jaise samaan sanrachanaatmak fumigant anuon kii tulanaa mein aich. see. aine. koo fumigant key roop mein upayog karane seey bhee nyuntam paryavaraniya prabhaav padata haye.
ghatana.
aich. see. aine. una falon seey praapt kiya jaa sakata haye jinamen ack gaddha hotaa haye, jaise kii cherry, khubani, seb aur kadve badam, jinase badam kaa tail aur swaad banaaya jaataa haye. inmein seey kaee gaddhon mein thodi matra mein sinohydrine jaise mandelonitrile aur amigdalin hotey hain, joe dheere-dheere hydrogen sinide chhodate hain. ack sou graam kuchale hue seb key beej lagbhag 70 milligram aich. see. aine. kaa utpaadan curr sakate hain. kasawa paudhe kii tathaakathit "kadvi" jadon mein prati kilogram 1 graam aich. see. aine. taka hoe sakata haye. kuchh millipied, jaise "harpafe hedeniana", "desmoxits perpurosi", aur "affaloria" ack raksha tantra key roop mein hydrogen sinide chhodate hain, jaisa kii kuchh keede karate hain, jaise kii bernet moth aur "paropsisterna nilgiri" key larva. hydrogen sinide vaahanon key nikas mein nihit hotaa haye, aur nitrogen yukt plastic koo jalaane seey nikalane vaale dhuein mein nihit hotaa haye.
aich. see. aine. tytan parr.
aich. see. aine. koo tyton key vayumandal mein cassini antariksh jaanch parr chaar upkaranon, samudrayan parr ack upkaran aur prithvi parr ack upkaran dwara maapa gayaa haye. inmein seey ack maap "inn seetu" thaa, jahan cassini antariksh yaan dravyamaan spectrometry vishleshan key liye vayumandaliya gais ekatra karane key liye tyton kii satah key oopar key beach doob gayaa thaa. aich. see. aine. shuru mein photochemic roop seey utpaadit meethen aur nitrogen radical kii pratikriya key madhyam seey tyton key vayumandal mein banata haye joe joe madhyavarti, ee. key madhyam seey aage badhata haye.jee., (ch3 + n → h2cn + h → hcn + h2). parabaingani vikiran aich. see. aine. koo see. aine. + aich. mein todata haye; haalaanki, see. aine. koo see. aine. + see. aich. 4 → see. aich. aine. + see. aich. 3. pratikriya key madhyam seey aich. see. aine. mein kushalata seey punarnaveenikaran kiya jaataa haye.
yuva prithvi parr aich. see. aine..
yeh abhinirdhaarit kiya gayaa haye kii kshudragrahon key ack jharan seey carbon (jise dair seey bhaari bambari key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye), jupiter aur sattern kii paraspar kriya key parinamswarup, yuva prithvi kii satah koo visfotit kartaa haye aur prithvi key vayumandal mein nitrogen key saath pratikriya karke hcn banaata haye.
standhaariyon mein aich. see. aine..
kuchh lekhakon ney dikhaaya haye kii neurons antajanan yaa bahijanan opioid dwara apane opioid receptors key sakriyan parr hydrogen sinide kaa utpaadan curr sakate hain. unhone yeh bhee dikhaaya haye kii aich. see. aine. kaa neuronal utpaadan aine. aim. dee. aeye. receptors koo sakriya kartaa haye aur neuronal koshikaon (neurotransmission) key beach sanket sancharan mein bhoomika nibhaata haye. isake alawa, opioid key tahat antarjanit neuronal aich. see. aine. utpaadan mein vriddhi paryaapt opioid analgesia key liye aavashyak prateet hoti thee, kyonki opioid kii analgesic kaarravaai aich. see. aine. safai karane vaalon dwara ksheen kii gaee thee. way antarjansheel aich. see. aine. koo ack neuromodulator maanate they.
yeh bhee dikhaaya gayaa haye kii, sanskari pheochromocytoma koshikaon mein muscarinic collinergic receptors koo uttejit karate samay, ack jeevit jeev ("inn vivo") mein muscarinic collinergic uttejana vaastav mein hcn utpaadan koo "cumm" karati haye.
leukocytes phagocytosis key dauran aich. see. aine. utpann karate hain, aur kaee alag-alag vishaakt rasayanon koo utpann karke bacteria, kavak aur anya rogjanakon koo maar sakate hain, jinamen seey ack hydrogen sinide haye.
sodium nitropruside key kaaran honey vaale vasodilatation koo naa kewal kissy peedhi dwara, balki antajanan sinide utpaadan dwara bhee madhyasthata key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye, joe naa kewal vishaaktata koo badhaata haye, balki nitroglycerine aur anya gair-sinogenic nitrate kii tulanaa mein kuchh atirikt antihypertensive prabhavkarita bhee jodata haye joe rakt sinide key star koo badhaane kaa kaaran naheen banata haye.
aich. see. aine. tambaku key dhuein kaa ack ghatak haye.
aich. see. aine. aur jeevan kii utpatti.
hydrogen sinide parr amino acid aur nuclic acid key agradoot key roop mein charcha kii gaee haye, aur jeevan kii utpatti mein ack bhoomika nibhaane kaa prastaav haye. haalaanki jeevan siddhant kii utpatti key saath inn rasayanik pratikriyaon kaa sambandh atkalbaji banaa huaa haye, iss kshetra mein adhyayanon ney aich. see. aine. (ee.) key sanghanan seey praapt carbonic yaugikon key liye nae maargon kii khoj kii haye.jee. adenine).
antariksh mein aich. see. aine.
aich. see. aine. kaa pataa antartarkiya madhyam aur carbon sitaaron key vayumandal mein lagaa haye. taba seey, vyaapak adhyayanon ney vibhinn vatavaranon mein aich. see. aine. key gathan aur vinash maargon kii jaanch kii haye aur vibhinn khagoliya prajaatiyon aur prakriyaon key liye ack tracer key roop mein isake upayog kii jaanch kii haye. aich. see. aine. koo kaee vayumandaliya khidakiyon key madhyam seey jameen-adharit doorbinon seey dekhaa jaa sakata haye. jey = 1 → 0, jey = 3 → 2, jey = 4 → 3, aur jey = 10 → 9 sabhi shuddh ghoornan parivartan dekhe gaye hain.
aich. see. aine. dou pramukh maargon mein seey ack key madhyam seey antartarkiya baadlon mein banata haih ack tatasth-tatasth pratikriya (ch2 + n → hcn + h) aur vighatankari punarsanyojan (hcnh + + e − → hcn + h) key madhyam seey. disociative recombination pathway 30 pratishat taka pramukh haye; haalaanki, aich. see. aine. aich. + apane raikhik roop mein honah chaahiye. isake sanrachanaatmak isomer, isomer + key saath vighatankari punarsanyojan, vishesh roop seey hydrogen isocyanide (hnc) kaa utpaadan kartaa haye.
aich. see. aine. koo taarakiya baadlon mein kaee tantron key madhyam seey nasht curr diyaa jaataa haye joe baadal mein sthaan parr nirbhar kartaa haye. photon-pradhaan kshetron (pdrs) mein, photodisociation kaa varchasva hotaa haye, joe cn (hcn + ν → cn + aich) kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. aage kii gaharaai mein, brahmandiya kiranon dwara photodisociation haavi hotaa haye, joe cn (hcn + cr + cn + aich) kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. dark core mein, dou pratispardhi tantra ise nasht curr dete hain, jisase aich. see. aine. + aur aich. see. aine. aich. + (aich. see. aine. + aich. see. aine. + + aich.; aich. see. aine. + aich. see. oh. + + koo) banate hain. aich. see. aine. key ack kaarak dwara aich. see. oh. + key saath pratikriya kaa prabhutva haye. aich. see. aine. kaa upayog antartarkiya madhyam mein vibhinn prajaatiyon aur prakriyaon kaa vishleshan karane key liye kiya gayaa haye. ise ghaney aanvik gais key liye ack tracer key roop mein aur uchch dravyamaan vaale taaraa-nirmaan kshetron mein taarakiya pravaah key tracer key roop mein sujhaaya gayaa haye. isake alawa, aich. aine. see./aich. see. aine. anupaat koo pdr aur aiks-ray-pradhaan kshetron (aiks. dee. aar. aiss.) key beach antar karane key liye ack utkrisht vidhi key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa haye.
11 agast 2014 koo, khagolvidon ney pahali baar atakama badey millimeter/submillimeter sarani (alma) kaa upayog karate hue adhyayan jaari kiye, jisamen dhumketu see/2012 aff 6 (leman) aur see/2012 aiss 1 (ison) key komaa key ander hcn, hnc, aich 2 koo aur dhool key vitaran kaa vivaran diyaa gayaa.
farwari 2016 mein, yeh ghoshana kii gaee thee kii nassa key hablab space telescope key saath germ super-arth 55 cancery ee key vayumandal mein hydrogen sinide key nishan paae gaye they.
ack jahar aur rasayanik hathiyar key roop mein.
pratham vishva yuddh mein, 1916 seey francisi dwara kendriya shaktiyon key khilaf ack rasayanik hathiyar key roop mein hydrogen sinide kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1918 mein sanyukt raajya america aur itali dwara. yeh mausam kii sthiti key kaaran paryaapt prabhaavi naheen paaya gayaa thaa. gais havaa seey halki hoti haye aur teji seey vayumandal mein fail jaati haye. teji seey mund honey seey kshetra mein iska upayog avyaavhaarik hoe gayaa. isake vipareet, fosgine yaa chlorine jaise saghan agent jamini star parr baney rahate hain aur paschimi morche key yuddh key maidanon kii khaai mein doob jaate hain. aise agents kii tulanaa mein, ghaatak honey key liye hydrogen sinide koo uchch sandrata mein maujood honah padata thaa.
saans lene vaali havaa mein 100-200 pPM kii hydrogen sinide sandrata 10 seey 60 minut key bheetar ack insan koo maar degi. 2000 ppm (lagbhag 2380 2380 kii hydrogen sinide sandrata lagbhag ack minut mein ack maanav koo maar degi. vishaakt prabhaav sinide aayan kii kriya key kaaran hotaa haye, joe koshikiya shwasan koo rokta haye. yeh mitochondria mein ack enzyme key liye ack gair-pratispardhi avarodhak key roop mein kaary kartaa haye jise cytochrome see oxidase kahaa jaataa haye. iss prakaar, hydrogen sinide koo aamtaur parr rakt agent key roop mein rasayanik hathiyaron mein soochibaddh kiya jaataa haye.
rasayanik hathiyaron key sammelan mein ise anusuchi 3 key tahat ack sambhaavit hathiyar key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye jiska badey paimaane parr audyogik upayog hotaa haye. hastaksharkarta deshon koo prati varsh 30 metrick tunn seey adhik utpaadan karane vaale vinirmaan sanyantron kii ghoshana karni chaahiye, aur rasayanik hathiyaron key nishedh key liye sangathan dwara nireekshan kii anumati deni chaahiye.
shayed iska sabse kukhyaat upayog (jarmanah "chakravaat bee", bee key liye khadaa haye-prusic acid; yeh bhee, ise pahale key utpaad seey alag karane key liye jise baad mein zyclon aeye key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye), dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran naazi german unmoolan shiviron mein unake antim samadhan narsamhar karyakram key hisse key roop mein "aine maas" koo maarne key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. juu aur anya parjeeviyon dwara leey jaae jaane vaale rogon koo mitaane key prayason mein kapadon koo bharane key liye shiviron mein hydrogen sinide kaa bhee upayog kiya gayaa thaa. mool check utpadakon mein seey ack ney 2015 key aspas taka trademark "urgan dee 2" key tahat zyclon bee banaana jaari rakhaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, america ney operation patan key hisse key roop mein sinogen chloride key saath iska upayog karane parr vichaar kiya, japan key niyojit aakraman, lekin rashtrapati hairi truman ney gupt mainhattan pariyojana dwara vikasit paramanu bamon kaa upayog karane key bajaay isake khilaf faisala kiya.
hydrogen sinide kuchh yuu mein nyaayik nishpaadan mein niyojit agent bhee thaa.aiss. avasthaaen, jahan yeh sodium yaa potasium sinide parr sulfuric acid kii kriya dwara nishpaadan key dauran utpaadit kiya gayaa thaa.
prusic acid" key naam seey, aich. see. aine. kaa upayog whaling harpoon mein ack hatyare agent key roop mein kiya gayaa haye, halanki yeh ise tainaat karane vaale chaalak dall key liye kaafee khatarnak saabit huaa, aur ise jaldi hii chhod diyaa gayaa. 18veen shatabdi key madhya seey iska upayog kaee vishaakt hatyaon aur aatmahatyaon mein kiya jaataa thaa.
havaa mein hydrogen sinide gais 5.6% seey adhik sandrata parr visfotak haye.<riff naam = "HTTPS:// Ww.see. dee. see.govi/niyosh/aaee. dee. ell. aich./74908. aich. tii. aim. ell. "> </riff>

