
otto muhal

otto muhal (16 juuna 1925-26 maee 2013) ack austriyai kalakar they, jinhen saha-sansthapakon mein seey ack key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa aur saath hii way viennes actionvaad key mukhya pratibhaagi aur friedrichshoff communes kii sthaapana key liye jaane jaate they.
1943 mein, muhal koo german wehrmatch mein seva karni padee. vahaan unhone adhikaari prashikshan key liye panjikaran karaaya. unhein leftinent key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1944 mein unhone ugra aakraman key dauran paidal senaa kii ladaai mein bhaag liya.
yuddh key baad, unhone german aur itihas key shikshan aur weiner academy dair buildenden kunste mein kalaa key shikshan kaa adhyayan kiya.
1972 mein unhone friedrichshoff samudaay kii sthaapana kii, jise kuchh loga ack sattawadi sampradaay key roop mein dekhate hain, aur joe 1990 key dashak mein tootane seey pahale kaee varshon seey maujood thaa. 1991 mein, muhal koo nabaligon key saath yaun apraadhon aur maadak padarthon key apraadhon key liye doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa aur 7 saal key karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. saadhe chhah saal seva karane key baad unhein 1997 mein riha curr diyaa gayaa aur portugal mein ack chhota samudaay sthaapit kiya gayaa. apani rihaai key baad, unhone jail seey apane sansmaran bhee prakaashit kiye ("aus dame gephagnis").
viennes actionvaad.
1960 key dashak mein, muhal kaa uddeshya 'apani vinash prakriya kaa pratinidhitva karke chitrakaari chitrakaari koo door karna' thaa. unhone scrap iron ("gerampelplasticane") key saath prakandiya sanrachanaaen banaain, lekin jald hii newyork kii ghatnaaon kii nus mein "action" kii or badhe. 1962 mein, jaba way 37 varsh key they, pahale "action" dye bluetorgale "kaa pradarshan myuhal key attellier onn perinetgas mein myuhal, adolph fronner aur herman nits dwara kiya gayaa thaa. 1963 mein "fest days saiko-physiscane naturalismus" aur "worsumpfung inner venus" kaa anusaran kiya gayaa. 1964 seey 1966 taka, kaee "mullectionan" koo curt crain dwara filmaya gayaa aur ludwig hoffenrich dwara photo khinchvai gaee. 1966 mein, action kii ack naee avadharana gunter brus key saath vikasit kii gaee theeh canvas key bajaay, shareer kaarravaai kaa drishya bunn gayaa. 1968 mein, myuhal, brus aur oswald weiner ney vienna vishvavidyalaya mein "kunst aind revolution" sheershak seey ack actionsveranstaltung kaa ayojan kiya, jisase press mein ack ghotala huaa; unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa aur brus berlin chaley gaye.
kalaa seey jeevan taka.
dheere-dheere, muhal ney khud koo "action" seey door karna shuru curr diyaa. unhone "honey koo ack burjua kalaa roop, kewal kalaa" key roop mein maanaa. kalaa seey jeevan mein parivartan" key parinamswarup ack prakaar key samaaj-virodhi key roop mein friedrichshoff samudaay kii sthaapana hui. ghoshit uddeshya poonjipati vivaah aur niji sampatti, muft prem aur bachchon kii saamoohik shiksha kaa vinash thaa. 1974 mein unhone dussan makavejev kii "meethi film" mein ack arajak/chikitsa samudaay key sadasya key roop mein ack chhoti bhoomika nibhai. assie key dashak mein, samudaay key bheetar tanaav taba taka badh gayaa jaba taka kii way vidroh mein samaapt naheen hoe gaye. jaba, isake oopar, muhal koo 1991 mein giraftar kiya gayaa aur kaid curr liya gayaa, tou samudaay alag hoe gayaa. 1998 mein, muhal ack nae samudaay prayog mein rahane key liye faaro, purtagaal chaley gaye.
friedrichshoff commune mein muhal kaa adhinayakvad.
poorv samudaay key sadasya aurariyas shlothaur jaise aalochak myuhal kii majboot sattawadi pravrittiyon kii or ishara karate hain. udaaharan key liye, muhal ney swayam koo actionsanalis key anushthaanon key liye ujagar naheen kiya. unhein "shareer key kavach" (wilheim reech key baad) koo kuchalane key liye sadasyon kii aavashyakta thee aur kuchh vyaktigat mamalon mein unhone tathaakathit "watschenalis" ("thappad maarne kaa vishleshan") key saath prayog kiya. unhone ack "sanrachana" bhee banaai, jisamen sabhi samudaay key sadasyon koo unaki sankhya nirdhaarit karke ack padaanukramit crum mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. unhone ack "pahali patni" kii sthaapana kii aur apane bete koo apana uttaradhikari banane key liye taiyar kiya. virodhabhasi roop seey, shlothaur key anusaar, myuhal key thheek neeche padaanukramit star parr pratidvandi mahilaaon kaa ack majboot matrisattatmak tatva thaa.
actionvaad key baad kalaatmak gatividhi (1971 seey 2013).
1971 key baad seey, muhal ney koee aur saarvajanik kaarravaai naheen kii. vaha abhivyaktivaadi shally mein ack chitrakaar bunn gaye, aur apane samudaay key liye apane friedrichshoff samudaay mein chitrakala parr niyamit paath padhaate they. unhone vahaan kaee laghu filmon kaa bhee nirdeshan kiya, jaise kii "friedrichshofer kinderfilm" (friedrichshoff kii bachchon kii filmein), jisamen samudaay key bheetar paida hue bachchon ney abhinay kiya. 
nabaligon key yaun shoshan key liye jail kii sajaa kaatate hue, muhal kalaatmak roop seey lagey raheh unhone lagbhag 300 chitra banaae aur kalaa siddhant key baare mein likhaa.
parkinsons roga key bavjood, muhal ney budhaape taka kalaatmak roop seey sakriya rehna jaari rakhaa. 2002 mein, unhone digital painting kii ack vidhi vikasit kii jise unhone "electric painting filmein" kahaa.
1998 aur unaki mrityu key beach myuhal ney anuprayukt kalaa key liye vienna sangrahalaya mein dou pramukh ekal pradarshaniyan keen. 
2010 mein muhal ney apana 85vaan janmadin manaaya, iss avsar parr vienna mein leopold sangrahalaya ney unake dair seey kiye gaye kaam kii ack vyaapak pradarshani dikhaai.
saarvajanik maafi.
2010 mein muhal ney friedrichshoff commune mein nibhai gaee bhoomika key baare mein ack saarvajanik maafi jaari kii. vienna key leopold sangrahalaya mein unaki pradarshani key udghaatan seey pahale ack press conference mein maafi padhee gaee thee.

