
naaee sarjan

madhya yug key sabse aam europeeya chikitsa vyavsaayiyon mein seey ack, naaee sarjan koo aam taur parr yuddh key dauran aur baad mein sainikon kii dekhbhal karane kaa aarop lagaaya jaataa thaa. iss yug mein, shalya chikitsa shayed hii kabhi chikitsakon dwara kii jaati thee, lekin isake bajaay naaee, joe apane vyaapaar key liye apariharya rejar aur samanvaya rakhate they, unhein baal kaatane seey laker angon koo kaatane taka kaee karyon key liye bulaaya jaataa thaa.
iss avadhi mein, rakt kii haani aur sankraman key kaaran shalya chikitsa mrityu darr bahut adhik thee. phir bhee, choonki doctors ney socha kii rakt seey bimari kaa ilaaj kiya jaataa haye, naaee bhee juun lagaate they. iss beach, chikitsak khud koo shalya chikitsa seey oopar maanate they. chikitsak jyaadaatar shalya chikitsa rogiyon koo dekhate they aur paramarsh kii peshkash karate they, lekin anyatha aksar shikshaavidon yaa vishvavidyalayon mein kaam karane kaa vikalp chunate they. kuchh logon ney mahalon mein rahane kaa vikalp chunaa, jahan way ameeron key saath vyavhaar karate they.
europe mein madhya yug.
dhaarmik aur swachchata mathh key niyamon key kaaran, bhikshuon koo apane mundan (catholic bhikshuon key sir key oopar paaramparik ganjapan) banaae rakhna padata thaa. isane naaee key liye ack bajar banaaya, kyonki pratyek mathh koo ack naaee koo prashikshit yaa kiraaye parr lena padata thaa. way rakt-prakshaalan aur anya chhoti-motee shalya-chikitsaaen karate jaise kii daant kheenchana yaa malam banaana. iss tarah key pahale naaee sarjanon ney lagbhag 1000 esvi mein mathon mein kaam kiya.
kyonki chikitsakon ney itani cumm hii shalya chikitsa kii thee, madhya yug mein motiyabind key kauchar, herniotomist, lithotamist, midwive aur pig gelder sahit anya chikitsa "paraprofessional" key beach naaee kaa prasaar dekhaa gayaa. 1254 mein, bruno daa longobuko, ack italvi chikitsak, jinhone shalya chikitsa parr likhaa thaa, naaee key flabotomy aur nishan lagaane key baare mein chintit they.
france aur itali mein naaee.
peris mein, doctors key beach vivaadon key kaaran naaee kaa vyaapak sanrakshan huaa. sent college. cosme mein chhaatr doctors key dou star theh jinn doctors koo ack lamba shaikshanik vastra diyaa gayaa thaa, unhein shalya chikitsa karane kii anumati dee gaee thee aur jinn doctors koo ack chhota vastra diyaa gayaa thaa aur unhein usa licenses koo diye jaane seey pahale ack vishesh pariksha utteern karni thee. chhoti-topi vaale doctor kadve they kyonki lambi-topi vaale chikitsak dhong seey vyavhaar karate they.
sent key chhote-kapade vaale doctor. cosme ney peris key naaee sarjanon key saath ack samjhauta kiya kii way naaee sarjanon koo maanav shareer rachana parr gupt sabak denge jaba taka kii way chhote-kapade vaale chikitsakon key aashrit aur samarthak honey kii kasam khaate hain. yeh gupt sauda sent kii sthaapana key samay seey maujood thaa. 1210 mein 1499 taka cosme, jaba sarjan naaee key samooh ney apane shaaririk pradarshan karane key liye apane swayam key shav key liye kahaa. france mein 1540 key dashak seey, pracheen lekhakon key karyon key francisi mein anuvaad ney gyaan key sancharan mein pragati kii anumati deeh naaee-sarjan apane manual kaushal mein jodd sakate they, ack pracheen shalya gyaan joe unake vaastavik abhyaas kaa saamana kartaa thaa.
yuddh shalya chikitsa mein naee samasyaaen saamane aaeen, ateet mein binaa kissy samkaksh keh agneyastron aur topkhaane key kaaran honey vaale vikritiyon key kaaran ghaav, naaee-sarjan koo shareer kii satah parr dikhaai dene vaale sabhi akarshanon kaa ilaaj karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, doctor ander key logon kaa ilaaj kartaa haye.
shalyachikitsakon aur naaee-shalyachikitsakon key beach pahale seey hii samajik gatishilata thee. ack shalya chikitsak kii prashikshuta kii shuruat mundan key abhyaas seey hui. iss prakaar yuva shalya chikitsak key paas apane samay kii shalya chikitsa mein mahaarat hassil karane seey pahale aaya kaa ack srot hoe sakata thaa. punarjagaran manavtavad key sandarbh mein, yeh vyaavhaarik anubhav akaadamik vidvataavaad key baahar huaa. kaarravaai spasht roop seey parinamon dwara sweekrit haye, joe sabhi koo dikhaai detee haye. chikitsa kii tulanaa mein, michel dee montegain key liye, 
1660 mein, naaee sarjanon ney antatah chikitsakon key prabhutva koo pahachaana.
itali mein naaee utane aam naheen they. celerno medical school ney chikitsakon koo saksham sarjan banane key liye prashikshit kiya, jaisa kii bologna aur padua key schools ney kiya thaa. florence mein, chikitsak aur shalya chikitsak alag hoe gaye they, lekin 1349 mein chikitsakon aur pharmacists kii kalaa seey sambandhit florentin qaanoon ney naaee koo shalya chikitsak kii tulanaa mein ack nimn kanuni darja diyaa.
praarambhik aadhunik kaal mein british dweepon mein naaee.
unake kaushal kii aupchaarik maanyata (cumm seey cumm ingland mein) 1540 mein vaapas chully jaati haye, jaba sarjanon kii fellowship (joe ack alag peshe key roop mein maujood they lekin "doctor/chikitsak" naheen they, isake alawa ack vyaapaar key roop mein, unhein shikshaavidon key bajaay prashikshuta dwara prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa) naaee kii company, ack landan delivery company, key saath vilay hoe gaee, joe naaee-sarjanon kii company kaa gathan karati haye. haalaanki, vyaapaar koo dheere-dheere chikitsa peshe key dabaav mein daal diyaa gayaa aur 1745 mein, sarjanon kii company banaane key liye sarjanon kii company (joe abhee bhee maujood haye) seey sarjan alag hoe gaye. 1800 mein iss company koo ack shaahi charter diyaa gayaa aur landan mein royal college off sarjan astitva mein aaya (baad mein iska naam badalkar sabhi ingland koo shamil karane key liye rakhaa gayaa-scotland aur ireland key saath-saath kaee puraane yuu. key. upaniveshon key liye samkaksh college maujood hain.jee.kanada).
madhyayugeen finland mein naaee.
finland mein, naaee sarjanon parr kuchh adhyayan they. finland mein naaee sarjanon kaa pahala vivaran 1324 seey 1326 taka hinzikinus thaa, joe desh key dakshini kshetra key ack shahar turku seey utpann huaa thaa, jisane vaaysaraay mait kettlemondson key liye chikitsa taiyari aur ghaav kii dekhbhal pradaan kii thee. dastaavezit doosara naaee sarjan heinrich bardscare thaa, joe finland (vartamaan mein roose kaa ack hissa) mein wyborg key mahal mein kaam kartaa thaa. 16veen shatabdi mein raajaa gustaav ee vaasaa key shasson key dauran swedish senaa mein purushon kii pratyek company koo ack naaee saunpa gayaa thaa. lagbhag harr vibhaag mein ghayal logon kii dekhbhal key liye ack naaee sarjan upalabdh thaa. 1571 mein, naaee ack peshevar sangh mein sangathit hue joe unake prashikshan, naukariyon, vetan aur naaee kii sankhya koo niyantrit kartaa thaa. anya deshon key naaee bhee iss sangh mein shamil hoe sakate hain. gilled ney anivarya kiya kii naaee sarjan apprentices key roop mein sthaapit master seey apana prashikshan praapt karein, aur apani degree praapt karane key liye, apprentices koo ack pariksha utteern karni hoti thee. gilled ney naaee sarjanon kii phees yaa vetan key liye dishanirdesh pradaan kiye, joe alag-alag they aur kabhi-kabhi iss baat parr nirbhar karate they kii kitane rogiyon kaa ilaaj kiya gayaa aur shalya chikitsa kii gaee.
aadhunik yug mein paramparaaen.
chikitsa peshe key shalya chikitsa paksh key saath naaee key sambandhon key kuchh nishan baney hue hain. ack paaramparik laal aur safed naaee kaa khambha, yaa ack lohar kaa ack sanshodhit upkaran haye, jise unaki aitihaasik bhoomika seey judey rakt aur pattiyon kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye kahaa jaataa haye.
ack anya avashesh doctors dwara "dow" key bajaay "aim. aar." (yaa miss, aim. aar. aiss. yaa aim. aiss.) sheershak kaa upayog haye jaba way apani shalya chikitsa yogyata koo puuraa karate hain, udaaharan key liye, aim. aar. see. yaa aff. aar. see. diploma kaa puraskar. yeh parampara lagbhag united kingdam, ireland aur kuchh hudd taka dakshin africa, australia aur newzealand key rashtramandal deshon key liye vishisht haye. yeh abhyaas una dinon seey shuru hotaa haye jaba shalyachikitsakon koo chikitsa mein vishvavidyalaya kii shiksha kii aavashyakta naheen thee aur ateet key saath iss sambandh koo iss tathya key bavjood barkarar rakhaa gayaa haye kii inn deshon mein sabhi shalyachikitsakon koo abb chikitsa kii degree key saath-saath shalya chikitsa prashikshan aur pramanan key kaee atirikt varshon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. way abb baal katvaane kaa kaam naheen karate hain, ack aisaa kaam jise naaee ney banaae rakhaa haye.
itihas.
ack naaee sarjan ack aisaa vyakti thaa joe rakt-sraav, cupping therapy, daant kheenchane aur vichhedan sahit shalya chikitsa prakriyaaen curr sakata thaa. naaee nahaane, baal kaatane, mundan karane yaa chehare key baal kaatane aur anema dene mein bhee saksham they. yuddh key samay, naaee sarjan ney senaa mein seva kii, lekin shaanti key dauran vaha nagrikon key beach abhyaas curr sakate they.

