
elin

carbonic rasayan vigyaan mein, elin carbonic yaugik hotey hain jinamen ack carbon paramanu key dou aasann carbon parmaanuon mein seey pratyek key saath dohare bandhan hotey hain (, jahaan r, h yaa kuchh organyl samooh haye). elin koo sanchayi diane key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye. iss varg kaa mool yaugik propedine () haye, jise swayam "elin" bhee kahaa jaataa haye. sanrachana key ack samooh koo alenile kahaa jaataa haye, jahan r, h yaa kuchh alkyle samooh haye. elin-prakaar kii sanrachana vaale lekin teen seey adhik carbon parmaanuon vaale yaugik bandhan key saath cumulane naamak yaugikon key ack badey varg key sadasya hotey hain.
itihas.
kaee varshon taka, elin koo jigyasa key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa, lekin kritrim roop seey bekaar aur taiyar karane aur unake saath kaam karane key liye kathin maanaa jaataa thaa. kathit taur parr, ack elin, glutinic acid kaa pahala sanshleshan, yaugikon key iss varg key gair-astitva koo saabit karane key prayaas mein kiya gayaa thaa. 1950 key dashak mein sthiti badalane luggy aur akele 2012 mein hii elin parr 300 seey adhik shodh patra prakaashit hue hain. yeye yaugik kewal dilchasp madhyavarti naheen hain, balki kritrim roop seey moolyavaan lakshya hain; udaaharan key liye, 150 seey adhik praakritik utpaadon koo ack elin yaa sanchayi tukade key saath jaanaa jaataa haye.
sanrachana aur guna.
jyaamiti.
elin kaa kendriya carbon paramanu dou sigma bandhan aur dou paaee bandhan banaata haye. kendriya carbon paramanu sp-sankareekrit haye, aur dou antim carbon paramanu sp2-sankareekrit hain. teen carbon parmaanuon dwara gathit bandhan konn 180° haye, joe kendriya carbon paramanu key liye raikhik jyaamiti kaa sanket detaa haye. dou antim carbon paramanu samtaliya hain, aur yeye vimaan ack dusare seey 90° mudate hain. sanrachana koo meethen key samaan aakar key saath ack "vistaarit chatushkoniya" key roop mein bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye, ack saadrishya joe kuchh vyutpann anuon key roodhivaadi vishleshan mein jaari haye.
samroopata.
elin kii samroopata aur samroopata ney lambe samay seey carbonic rasaayanagyon koo aakarshit kiya haye. chaar samaan pratisthaapan vaale elin key liye, kendriya carbon paramanu key madhyam seey ghoornan key dou gunaa aksh maujood hain, joe anu key donon chhor parr 45° parr ch2 talon kii or jhukate hain. iss prakaar anu koo dou-blade vaale propeller key roop mein socha jaa sakata haye. ghoornan kaa teesara dou gunaa aksh c = c = c bandhanon seey gujarta haye, aur donon ch2 vimaanon seey gujarane vaalaa ack darpan tala hotaa haye. iss prakaar anuon kaa yeh varg dee2dee bindu samooh seey sambandhit haye. samroopata key kaaran, ack pratisthaapit elin mein koee shuddh dvidhruviya kshan naheen hotaa haye, yaani yeh ack gair-dhruviya anu haye.
dou carbon parmaanuon mein seey pratyek parr dou alag-alag pratisthaapan key saath ack elin kieral hoga kyonki abb koee darpan vimaan naheen hoga. iss prakaar key elin kii kayarta kii bhavishyavani pahali baar 1875 mein jacobus henricus vaine 'tii hoff dwara kii gaee thee, lekin 1935 taka prayogaatmak roop seey saabit naheen hui thee. jahaan aeye kii bee kii tulanaa mein adhik prathamikta haye, jahaan kaihn-ingold-prelogue prathamikta niyamon key anusaar, akshiya kayarta key vinyas koo saamane key paramanu parr pratisthaapan parr vichaar karke nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakata haye, jisake baad elin aksh key saath dekhaa jaataa haye. pichhale paramanu key liye, kewal uchch prathamikta vaale samooh parr vichaar karane kii aavashyakta haye.
chiral elin kaa upayog haal hii mein asadharan chiroptical gunon key saath javic samagri key nirmaan mein nirmaan khandon key roop mein kiya gayaa haye. dawa anu kii sanrachana mein ack elin pranali honey key kuchh udaaharan hain.  mycomycin, tuberculostatic gunon vaalaa ack antibiotic, ack vishisht udaaharan haye. yeh dawa ack upayukt roop seey pratisthaapit elin pranali kii upasthiti key kaaran anantiomerism pradarshit karati haye.
halanki ardh-sthaaniyakrit paathyapustak σ-π prithakkaran model sthaaniyakrit orthogonal π kakshiyon kii ack jodee kaa upayog karke elin key bandhan kaa varnan kartaa haye, bandhan kaa poorna aanvik kakshiya vivaran adhik sookshm haye. elin key samroopata-sahee dou gunaa-apakshayi homos (dee2dee bindu samooh key liye anukoolit) koo yaa tou orthogonal mose kii ack jodee dwara yaa inn orthogonal mose key mudit helical raikhik sanyojan key roop mein darshaaya jaa sakata haye. pranali kii samroopata aur inn kakshiyon kii apakshayata kaa tatparya haye kii donon vivaran sahee hain (usee tarah seey benzene key dohare-apakshayi homos aur lumos koo chitrit karane key liye anant roop seey kaee tareeke hain joe ack dou-ayami aayatan sthaan mein eigenfunctions key vibhinn vikalpon key anuroop hain). haalaanki, iss apakshay koo pratisthaapit elin mein uthaaya jaataa haye, aur helical chitra see2-samamit 1,3-dimethyllene key homo aur homo-1 key liye ekmatra samroopata-sahee vivaran bunn jaataa haye. yeh gunaatmak moe vivaran uchch visham-carbon sanchayi (ee.jee., 1,2,3,4-pentetrain).
rasayanik aur varnakramiya guna.
elin apane rasayanik gunon key mamle mein anya alkien seey kaafee alag hain. prithak aur sanyugmit dyne kii tulanaa mein, way kaafee cumm sthir hainh isomeric pentadine kii tulanaa mein, eleanic 1,2-pentadine mein 33.6 kilo calori/moll kii ooshmaa hoti haye, jabaki 18.1 kilo calori/moll ("ee")-1,3-pentadine key liye aur 25.4 kilo calori/moldin prithak 1,4-pentadine key liye hoti haye.
elin key see-aich bandhan vishisht vinilic see-aich bandhanon kii tulanaa mein kaafee kamjor aur adhik amleeya hotey hainh bandhan viyojan oorjaa 87.7 kilo calori/moll (ethylene mein 111 kilo calori/moll kii tulanaa mein) haye, jabaki gais-charan amlata 381 kilo calori/moll (ethylene key liye 409 kilo calori/moll kii tulanaa mein) haye, joe ise propine key propargillic see-aich bandhan (382 kilo calori/moll) kii tulanaa mein thodaa adhik amleeya banaata haye. 
elin key 13see nmr spectrum kii visheshta sp-hybrid carbon paramanu key sanket dwara haye, joe ack visheshta 200-220 ppm parr pratidhwanit hotaa haye. isake vipareet, spu2-sankareekrit carbon paramanu alkine aur nitrile carbon parmaanuon key liye vishisht kshetra mein lagbhag 80 ppm pratidhwanit hotey hain, jabaki ack terminal elin key ack ch2 samooh key proton lagbhag 4.5 ppm parr pratidhwanit hotey hain-kuchh hudd taka ack vishisht vinilic proton key oopar. 
elin mein ack samriddh cyclodation rasayan vigyaan hotaa haye, jisamen [4 + 2] aur [2 + 2] jodd key donon tareeke shamil hain, saath hii saath sankraman dhatuon dwara utprerit aupchaarik cyclodation prakriyaon seey gujarna padata haye. elin sankraman dhaatu utprerit jall-karyatmakta pratikriyaon key liye substrate key roop mein bhee kaam karate hain.
sanshleshan.
halanki elin koo aksar vishesh sanshleshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye, mool elin, propedine kaa utpaadan badey paimaane parr audyogik roop seey methylacetylene key saath ack santulan mishran key roop mein kiya jaataa haih
yeh mishran, jise mapp gais key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh haye. 298 k parr, iss pratikriya kaa δ "g°"-1.9 kcall/mol haye, joe "k" eq = 24.7 key anuroop haye.
sanshleshit honey vaalaa pahala elin penta-2,3-dynadioic acid thaa, jise 1887 mein berton aur petchman dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, sanrachana kii pehchaan 1954 mein hii sahee tareeke seey kii gaee thee.
elin key gathan key liye prayogshala vidhiyon mein shamil hainh
kaee pustakon aur patrikaon key lekhon mein elin key rasayan vigyaan kii sameeksha kii gaee haye. elin key prati kuchh pramukh drishtikon nimnalikhit yojana mein ullikhit hainh
purani vidhiyon mein seey ack haye scatabole punarvyavastha (jise doaring-moor-skatebol yaa doaring-laflame punarvyavastha bhee kahaa jaataa haye), jisamen ack ratna-dihlocyclopropen 3 koo ack organolithium yaugik (yaa ghulansheel dhaatu) key saath upchaarit kiya jaataa haye aur anumaanit madhyavarti yaa tou seedhe yaa carbine jaisi prajaati key madhyam seey ack elin mein punarvyavasthit hotaa haye. vishesh roop seey, iss prakriya seey tanaavpurna elin bhee utpann hoe sakate hain. vibhinn prakriti key samoohon koo chhodane vaale sanshodhan bhee gyaat hain. yakinan, elin sanshleshan kii sabse suvidhajanak aadhunik vidhi propargillic substrate kii sigmetropic punarvyavastha haye. eleanic ester aur acid taiyar karane key liye kettin acetal 4 kii johnson-classen aur ireland-classen punarvyavastha kaa kaee baar upayog kiya gayaa haye. vinail eather 5 (sossy-marbet punarvyavastha) kii pratikriyaaen elin aldehyde detee hain, jabaki propargillic sulphanet 6 sabhi elin sulfoxide detaa haye. 9 aur 10 mein nucleophilic pratisthaapan (nucleophile nyu-ack hydride aayan hoe sakata haye), 8 seey 1,2-unmoolan, 7 mein proton hastaantaran, aur anya, cumm samanya, vidhiyon dwara bhee elin taiyar kiye jaa sakate hain.
upayog aur ghatana.
elin kaa pramukh upayog elin hii haye, joe propine key saath santulan mein maanchitra gais kaa ack ghatak haye.
shodh.
pratisthaapit elin kii pratikriyashilta kaa achchi tarah seey pataa lagaaya gayaa haye. 
dou π-bonned ack dusare key 90° konn parr sthit hain, aur iss prakaar kuchh alag dishaaon seey drishtikon karane key liye ack abhikarmak kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ack upayukt pratisthaapan pattern key saath, elin 1875 kii shuruat mein vanet hoff dwara bhavishyavani key anusaar akshiya cirelity pradarshit karate hain. elin key protonation seey 11 katayan milate hain joe aage parivartan seey gujarate hain. naram electrophiles key saath pratikriyaaen (ee.jee. bee. aar. +) sakaratmak roop seey aaveshit onium ayanon koo vitarit kartaa haye 13. sankraman-dhaatu-utprerit pratikriyaen sahayogi madhyavarti 15 key madhyam seey aage badhati hain aur haal key varshon mein mahatvapurna ruchi aakarshit kii haye. kaee cyclodation bhee gyaat hain, jinamen [4 + 2]-, (2 + 1)-, aur [2 + 2]-variant shamil hain, joe vitarit karate hain, ee.jee., kramshah 12,14 aur 16.
ghatana.
kaee praakritik utpaadon mein elin karyatmak samooh hotaa haye. ullekhaniya hain rangdravya phucoxanthin aur peridinin. jaiv sanshleshan key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye, halanki yeh anuman lagaaya jaataa haye kii way aksar alkine agraduton seey utpann hotey hain.
organometallic rasayan vigyaan mein elin ligand key roop mein kaam karate hain. ack vishisht jatil haye peaty (η2-elin) (pee. aff. 3) 2. aine. aaee. (0) abhikarmak elin key cycluligomerization koo utprerit karate hain. ack upayukt utprerak kaa upayog karna (ee.jee. wilkinson utprerak), ack elin key dohare bandhanon mein seey kewal ack koo cumm karna sambhav haye.
delta sammelan.
kaee valay yaa valay pranali ardh-vyavasthit naamon seey jaani jaati hain joe adhikatam sankhya mein gair-sanchayi bandhan maan lete hain. spasht roop seey vyutpannon koo nirdisht karane key liye jisamen sanchayi bandhan shamil hain (aur isaliye kankal seey apekshit seey cumm hydrogen paramanu), ack chhote akshar vaale delta kaa upayog ack abhilikhit key saath kiya jaa sakata haye joe usa paramanu seey sanchayi dohare bandhan kii sankhya koo darshaata haye, ee.jee. 8δ2-benzocyclonin. ise gair-maanak sanyojakta sthitiyon koo nirdisht karane key liye λ-sammelan key saath jodaa jaa sakata haye, e.jee. 2λ4δ2,5λ4δ2-theophane [3,4-c].

