
swa-chaalit truck

ack swa-chaalit truck, jise ack swaayatt truck yaa robo-truck key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, swa-chaalit takneek kaa ack anuprayog haye jiska uddeshya aise truck banaana haye joe maanav input key binaa kaam curr sakate hain. halke, madhyam aur bhaari-bharakam trucks key saath-saath, kaee companiyan delivery prakriya mein rajmarg driving koo swachaalit karane key liye ardh trucks mein swa-driving takneek vikasit curr rahee hain.
sitambar 2022 mein, "guidehouse antardrishti" ney swachaalit truck mein sheersh 10 vikretaon key roop mein soochibaddh vemo, aurora, tucimple, gatic, plasai, kodiak robotics, demler truck, inride, location aur shuru kiya. 
aur, navambar 2022 mein "parivahan vishay" mein chaudah companiyon koo soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye joe swa-driving truck key baare mein jaanengi; aurora, vemo, tucimple, gatic, locomation, tork robotics, vaabi, inride, plasai, embark, kodiak robotics, robotic research, outrider aur pronto. 2027 taka sanyukt raajya america mein rajmargon parr swa-chaalit trucks key aaney kii ummeed haye.
yuu mein kaee sarkari agencies.aiss. aur europe ney swaayatt trucks key upayog key aspas nae kaanoon kii ghoshana kii haye. saarvajanik sadakon parr swa-chaalit trucks koo laane kii kuchh chunautiyon mein sadak suraksha, vaahan key ander maanav chalakon kii aavashyakta aur chaalak rahit vaahanon key aspas vishisht niyamon kii kamee shamil hain, lekin inn taka seemit naheen hain.
itihas.
1990 key dashak mein.
jaisa kii juuna 1995 mein lokpriya vigyaan patrika mein darj kiya gayaa thaa, swa-driving trucks koo ladaakoo kafile key liye vikasit kiya jaa rhaa thaa, jisake tahat kewal mukhya truck koo ack maanav dwara chalaaya jaayega aur nimnalikhit truck upgrah navigation, ack jadatviya margadarshan pranali aur ground-speed sensor parr nirbhar karenge.
2000 key dashak.
komatsu ney 2005 mein chilly mein kodelko khadaan redomiro tomic mein paanch ultra class trucks key bede kaa pareekshan karane vaale swaayatt trucks mein sabse pahala vikas kiya, phir 2007 mein chilly mein khadaan gabriella mistral mein pahala kaaryasheel bedaa sthaapit kiya gayaa, joe ack kodelko sampatti bhee haye.
2010 kaa dashak.
lockheed martin, yuu seey dhana key saath.aiss. senaa ney ack swaayatt truck kafila pranali vikasit kii joe ack maanav chaalak dwara sanchaalit ack pramukh truck kaa upayog karati haye aur kaee truck swaayatt roop seey unakaa anusaran karate hain. senaa kii swaayatt gatishilata anuprayog pranali (amas) key hisse key roop mein vikasit, iss pranali mein ack swaayatt driving package hotaa haye, jise nau seey adhik prakaar key vaahanon parr sthaapit kiya gayaa haye aur 55,000 ghante seey adhik kii gati seey driving poori kii haye. senaa ack rapid-fielding karyakram key hisse key roop mein 100-200 trucks koo utaarane kii yojana banaa rahee thee.
europe mein, paryaavaran drishtikon key liye surakshit sadak trains key saath truck pultooning parr vichaar kiya jaa rhaa thaa, ack pariyojana joe sitambar 2012 mein samaapt hui.
shabdawali.
truck vargeekaran.
sabhi vargon key trucks key liye swa-chaalit trucks koo vikasit kiya jaa rhaa haye, jisamen halke shulk, madhyam shulk shamil hain.
halke-bharakam truck.
ee. pee. aeye. ack halke-shulk vaale truck koo 4,000 pound kii adhikatam payload kshamata aur 8,500 pound (kewal america mein) key vajan key saath kissy bhee truck key roop mein paribhaashit kartaa haye. europe mein, ack halke-shulk vaale truck koo 7,720 pound key adhikatam vajan vaale truck key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye.
yuu.aiss. janganana beuro ack halke-shulk vaale truck koo adhikatam 10,000 pound key vajan key liye paribhaashit kartaa haye.
halke-shulk vaale trucks key udaharanon mein pickup truck, suv aur vaine shamil hain. 2023 ford aff-150 naee ford bluecruz 1.2 takneek key saath ack halke-shulk vaale truck kaa ack udaaharan haye.
madhyam shulk vaale truck.
yuu.aiss. janganana beuro ney ee. pee. aeye. key vipareet, madhyam shulk vaale trucks key liye ack teesara vargeekaran sthaapit kiya. ack madhyam-shulk truck koo 10,000 seey 26,000 pound key vajan key saath ack truck key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye.
madhyam-shulk vaale trucks key udaharanon mein boxes truck aur school basein shamil hain. britten sarkaar ney haal hii mein saarvajanik bason mein swa-driving praudyogiki key utpaadan key liye €81 million kaa puraskar diyaa haye.
bhaari-bharakam truck.
ee. pee. aeye. ack bhaari-shulk vaale truck koo nyuntam 8500 pound (america mein) vajan key liye paribhaashit kartaa haye. americi janganana beuro 26,000 pound key nyuntam vajan key saath ack bhaari-bharakam truck koo paribhaashit kartaa haye.
bhaari-bharakam trucks key udaharanon mein cement mishran, mobile crain aur ardh-truck shamil hain.
swa-driving kaa star.
seey international (poorv mein motor vaahan engineeron kaa samaaj) driving automation key chhah staron koo paribhaashit kartaa haye, joe star 0 parr "noo driving automation" seey laker star 5 parr "phul driving automation" taka haye. yeh vargeekaran pranali driving key liye aavashyak driver hastakshep kii degree parr adharit haye. star 0,1 aur 2 chaalak samarthan suvidhaon parr dhyaan kendrit karate hain, jaise kii anukuli cruze niyantran aur rajmarg laine centering, jabaki star 3,4 aur 5 poori tarah seey swaayatt suvidhaon parr dhyaan kendrit karate hain, jaise kii manual steering, yatayat mein niyantran, aur "harr jagah sabhi sthitiyon mein" driving.
swa-chaalit truck praudyogiki swa-chaalit kaar praudyogiki key samaan visheshtaon koo saajha karati haye, lekin maal dhulai kii prakriya mein atirikt jatilata jaise kii bhaar vriddhi kuchh antaron mein yogdan karati haye. vartamaan mein bajar mein halke-shulk vaale truck hain, jaise kii ford key bluecruz, jinamen aiss. aeye. ee. star 2 kii visheshtaen hain, lekin tork jaisi companiyan star 4 aur 5 kii visheshtaon kii or badh rahee hain.
aanshik roop seey swachaalit truck pultooning pranaliyon mein cumm seey cumm aiss. aeye. ee. star 1 kii visheshtaen hoti hain aur yeye aarthik aur paryavaraniya laabh pradaan karati hain.
praudyogiki.
samvedak.
swayam-driving praudyogiki key liye lidar, radar, camera, ultrasonic aur jee. pee. aiss. jaise sensor mahatvapurna hain. swaayatt driving key liye aavashyak vibhinn karyon mein sabse achchha pradarshan karane vaale vibhinn sensors aur kewal ack sensor parr bharosa karane seey judee vittiya aur takniki chunautiyon key kaaran, ack safal swa-driving truck pranali mein kaee visheshataaen hongi.
bahu-samvedak samadhan, jaise kii mahadvipiya dwara nirmit ack, kaee poorv-calibrated sensors koo ekikrit kartaa haye joe aadhunik trucks mein star 4 aur usase oopar kii swa-driving suvidhaon koo praapt karane key liye samkaalik roop seey kaam karate hain.
maanchitran aur sthaaniyakaran.
uchch-resolution maanchitran praudyogiki, aksar vaastavik samay samvedak detta key saath sanyukt, ack vistrit maanchitra kaa nirmaan aur adyatan curr sakati haye joe vaahan sthaaniyakaran jaankaari taka behtar pahunch pradaan karati haye.
swa-chaalit trucks key liye ack prabhaavi maanchitran takneek, jaise kii kodiak dwara prastaavit "viral" maanchitran, sthalaakritik, jyaamitiya aur shabdarth rajmarg visheshtaon (aksar trucks dwara saamana kii jaane vaali chunautiyon key saath sanrekhan mein) key liye vishisht jaankaari koo prathamikta dene key liye banaaya gayaa haye.
kritrim buddhimatta.
machine learning kritrim buddhimatta kaa ack upasamuchchay haye joe swa-driving truck praudyogiki key liye achchi tarah seey upayukt haye kyonki machine learning algorithm vaahan koo apane paryaavaran aur pichhale anubhavon seey seekhane kii anumati detaa haye aur sadak parr kaam karane key baare mein adhik sateek aur soochit nirnay lene kii apani kshamata mein sudhaar karane kaa prayaas kartaa haye. plus jaisi swa-chaalit truck companiyan sambhaavit khatron aur jokhimon kaa anuman lagaane key liye bhavishyasoochak vishleshanatmak pranali vikasit curr rahee hain aur durghatanaon yaa anya suraksha muddon seey bachane key liye sakriya upaay curr sakati hain.
samvedak joe ack vistrit maanchitra key saath sanyojan mein gati, doori aur doori koo maapate hain aur usa maanchitra key bheetar vaahan key sthaan kii bhavna kaa ack sateek arth aksar sandarbh kii vyakhya karane key liye nirmit kritrim buddhimatta pranaliyon key liye input pradaan karate hain.
aeye. aaee. doori, mausam kii sthiti, maal dhulai ghanatva, truck stop aur godam ghanatva aur truck maargon koo utpann karane key liye swaayatt vaahan kaanoon kii bhee nigrani kartaa haye.
aadhunik swaayatt vaahan pranaliyon key khilaf prastut kiye jaane parr praasangik jaankaari kii vyakhya karane mein manushyon koo aadhunik kritrim buddhimatta pranaliyon seey behtar maanaa jaataa haye, lekin agale dashak mein swa-driving kritrim buddhimatta pranaliyon mein teji seey sudhaar honey kii ummeed haye.
nauparivahan aur niyantran pranali.
software aur hardware ghatak ack truck key sanchaalan, twaran, breaking aur anya mahatvapurna karyon koo niyantrit karate hain, jaise kii baadha seey bachana aur takkar kaa pataa lagaana. swa-chaalit kaaron key samaan, swa-chaalit truck jee. pee. aiss., jadatviya maap ikaaiyon (aaee. aim. aiss.) aur anya samvedakon key sanyojan kaa upayog sadak parr apani sthiti aur abhivinyas nirdhaarit karane key liye curr sakate hain taaki yeh apani gatividhiyon koo samaayojit curr sakey, modd leey sakey, rook sakey, dishaatmak sanket praapt curr sakey aur nirnay leey sakey kii kaise sanchaalit kiya jaae.
arthshastra aur pragati.
bajar.
sanyukt raajya america mein truck udyog salana lagbhag 740 arab dollar kaa rajaswa utpann kartaa haye. 2021 mein, sanyukt raajya america mein lagbhag 21 laakh truck chaalak they; americi truck chaalak $48,310 kaa ausat vaarshik vetan arjit karate hain.
sambaddh bajar anusandhaan key anusaar, vaishvik swa-driving truck bajar ney 2020 mein $1 billion taka kaa rajaswa utpann kiya hoga, aur 2025 taka lagbhag $1.7 billion key bajar aakar taka pahunchane kaa anuman haye, joe 2020 seey 2025 taka 10.4 pratishat kii chakravriddhi vaarshik vriddhi darr seey badh rhaa haye.
rojgar.
arthashastri aur neeti nirmaata rojgar parr swachaalan aur kritrim buddhimatta key prabhaavon key baare mein chintit hain, jisamen kuchh prakaar kii naukariyon kaa astitva samaapt hoe jaayega yaa naheen, aur trucking sabse adhik chintit kaam haye. halanki, carren levi kaa vichaar haye kii samajik, kanuni aur saanskritik karakon key kaaran poori tarah seey swaayatt trucking kaa maarg kramik dhalaan honey kii sambhavana haye.
suraksha aur niyam.
vemo, joe pahale googal self-driving kaar pariyojana thee, ney nishkarsh nikala kii self-driving takneek pichhale duss varshon key bheetar ghaatak motor vaahan takkaron koo aadhe seey adhik roque sakati thee. sandarbh key liye, 2020 mein trucks seey judee ghaatak takkaron mein 4,842 logon kii maut hoe gaee.
sanyukt raajya america mein, nevada jaise alag-alag raajyon ney 2010 key dashak seey swa-driving vaahanon (swa-driving trucks sahit) key viniyaman koo sambodhit kiya haye. 2017 taka, 33 raajyon ney swa-chaalit vaahanon key liye niyam jaari curr diye they. rashtriya rajmarg yatayat suraksha prashaasan (aine. aich. tii. aiss. aeye.) ney swaayatt kaaron aur trucks mein swachaalit driving system (vigyaapan) seey sambandhit swa-drive adhiniyam key jawab mein nae sanghiya dishanirdesh jaari kiye. 2019 aine. aich. tii. aiss. aeye. dishaanirdeshon key ghatakon mein shamil hainh
aine. aich. tii. aiss. aeye. dishaanirdeshon koo 2016 mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen vaahan durghatanaon seey honey vaali mauton kii sankhya koo cumm karane parr praathamik dhyaan diyaa gayaa thaa.
california raajya ney nae kaanoon kii ghoshana kii jisamen sabhi swa-driving vaahanon key ander aur ander ack maanav chaalak kii upasthiti kii aavashyakta hoti haye. suraksha key alawa, iss bill key liye prerana truck karyabal key liye ack chinta seey upaji haye. trucks key karyabal kaa kull yuu. kaa 6 pratishat hissa haye.aiss. karyabal.
2022 mein, europeeya sangh ney poori tarah seey swa-driving trucks aur bason (sae star 4) key sanchaalan koo vaidh banaane key liye kaanoon vikasit karane key liye kaam kiya. iss kaanoon key hisse mein vaahan key ander ack maanav chaalak kii aavashyakta koo samaapt karna shamil haye.
germany 2021 aur 2022 mein poori tarah seey swachaalit kaaron aur trucks key liye kanuni mapdand banaane vaalaa duniya kaa pahala desh haye.
chunauti.
swa-chaalit vaahanon kii ack chunauti takkaron mein daayitva kii pehchaan karna haye, kyonki koee chaalak maujood naheen haye. isake alawa, swa-chaalit trucks key saath ack chunauti vaahanon key aspas key niyamon aur kaanoonon mein nihit haye, jaise kii way joe takkar seey utpann hotey hain. yuu mein.aiss.ardh-truck key saath durghatana mein ack chaalak chaalak aur usa company parr mukadama curr sakata haye jiska chaalak haye lekin truck nirmaata parr naheen. yeh swaayatt trucks key sambandh mein ack chunauti pesh kartaa haye kyonki praathamik hitdhaarak, nirmaata, kissy bhee takkar key liye kanuni roop seey jimmedaar naheen honge. isake alawa, swa-chaalit vaahanon key uday seey nirdisht laine aur parking kshetron kii aavashyakta paida hoe sakati haye, kyonki kaee sadaken aur shahar swaayatt vaahanon key liye design naheen kiye gaye hain.
yeh swaayatt vaahanon key saath samudaay kii suraksha kii mukhya chunauti key liye vistaarit hotaa haye. swaayatt vaahanon key liye ack mukhya chunauti vaahan key ander ack suraksha chaalak kii aavashyakta seey badalaav haye. kaee kaar nirmaata swaayatt vaahanon key prabhaav koo poori tarah seey puuraa karane key liye suraksha chalakon seey door jaane parr jore dey rahey hain. jaba taka nirmaata vaahan mein suraksha chalakon key binaa naheen jaa sakate, taba taka swaayatt vaahanon key aadhar parr ack chunauti maujood haye.
anta mein, swaayatt vaahanon koo vartamaan mein yatayat mein achaanak parivartanon koo sambhaalane key liye design naheen kiya gayaa haye, jaise kii mukt maarg bund karna yaa pratyaksh takkar. jabaki swaayatt vaahan vartamaan mein laine badal sakate hain aur yatayat koo vilay curr sakate hain, way achaanak yatayat sthitiyon kii vyakhya karane key liye design naheen kiye gaye hain.