
operation aind sweep

operation aind sweep farwari aur julaai 1973 key beach uttar viyatnam mein haffong bandargah aur anya tateey aur antardeshiya jalmaargon seey nausena kii khaanon koo hataane key liye ack sanyukt raajya nausena aur sanyukt raajya samudri core operation thaa. operation ney janwari 1973 key peris shaanti samjhaute key tahat ack americi daayitva koo puuraa kiya, jisane viyatnam yuddh mein pratyaksh americi bhagidari koo samaapt curr diyaa. yeh ack yuu kii pahali parichaalan tainaati bhee thee.aiss. nausena vayu khadaan jawabi kaarravaai kshamata.
prishthabhoomi.
sanyukt raajya america ney kaafee hudd taka viyatnam yuddh seey alag hoe gayaa thaa jaba uttar viyatnam ney march 1972 mein dakshin viyatnam mein apana purvi aakraman shuru kiya thaa. jawab mein, sanyukt raajya vayu senaa aur yuu.aiss. nausena ney operation linebacker shuru kiya, joe uttar viyatnam key khilaf ack pramukh bambari aakraman thaa. isake alawa, sanyukt raajya america key rashtrapati richard nixon ney commander-inn-cheef, sanyukt raajya prashant bede, admiral bernard aeye koo adesh diyaa. clary, aur commander-inn-cheef, sanyukt raajya america key saatven bede, wies admiral james ell. haffong aur anya uttari viyatnami bandargaahon key khilaf operation pockett munny khanan abhiyaan shuru karane key liye. khanan abhiyaan, yuu dwara.aiss. nausena aur sanyukt raajya america key samudri core americi vimaan vaahak vimaanon seey hamla karate hue, 8 maee 1972 koo shuru hue, aur agale kaee maheenon mein uttar viyatnami jall mein hajaaron khadaanen bichhaai gaeen.
antatah, uttar viyatnam aur sanyukt raajya america ney yuddh key anta key liye baatchit kii aur 27 janwari 1973 koo peris shaanti samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye. samjhaute key liye ack protocol jisamen sanyukt raajya america koo uttari viyatnam key tateey aur antardeshiya jalmaargon mein americi khadanon koo beasar karane kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa.
taiyari.
1907 key hegg convention key tahat, sanyukt raajya america koo shatruta key anta key baad paida hue khadaan khatare koo samaapt karane kii aavashyakta thee. tadnusar, yuu.aiss. jaise hii nixon ney khanan abhiyaan shuru karane kaa adesh diyaa, nausena key khaan yuddh bull (minewarfore) ney khadanon koo hataane kii yojana banaana shuru curr diyaa. yuddh key baad kii khaanon koo saaf karane mein aasaani key liye, kewal una khaanon kaa upayog kiya gayaa jinhen chumbakiya jhaadoo dwara saaf kiya jaa sakata thaa, aur bichhaai gaee adhikansh khadanon koo yaa tou aatm-vinash karane key liye prograam kiya gayaa thaa yaa ack nirdisht avadhi key baad khud koo nishkriya curr diyaa gayaa thaa. beshak, yuu.aiss. nausena koo aam taur parr yeh bhee pataa thaa kii khadaanen kahaan rakhee gaee theen, halanki havaai khanan kii antarnihit ashuddhata kaa matlab thaa kii pratyek khadaan kaa sateek sthaan gyaat naheen thaa.
rear admiral bryan mccauli sitambar 1972 mein commander, mine warfare force aur commander, task force 78 bunn gaye. task force 78 koo mine countermagers force, yuu key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. saatvaan bedaa, aur agami minesweeping operation key liye banaaya gayaa thaa jise aind sweep key roop mein jaanaa jaayega.
minesweeping upkaran aur yuu.aiss. minesweeping mein prashikshit nausena key karmi donon kii aapoorti cumm thee, isaliye, americi karmiyon aur upkaranon key liye mine visfoton key khatare koo cumm karane key liye, kaary bull 78 yojnakaron ney ack parichaalan yojana taiyar kii jisamen minesweeping una kshetron taka seemit thee jinamen khadaanen pahale seey hii nishkriya hoe chuki theen. yadi kissy kshetra mein honey vaali sabhi khadanon koo bhee apani swa-nasbandi kii taarikhon koo paar karane key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa, tou kaary bull 78 ney kuchh paason kii jaanch karane kii yojana banaai; yadi yeh spasht naheen thaa kii kissy diye gaye kshetra mein sabhi khadaanen nishkriya hoe gaee theen, tou adhik poori tarah seey safai kaa upayog kiya jaanaa thaa.
sanyukt raajya america mein, nausena samagri key pramukh, admiral isaq see. kidd, junier., ack khadaan yuddh karyakram karyalaya kaa ayojan kiya, joe anta sweep key liye vaigyaanik aur takniki sahaayata koo niyantrit karane key liye jimmedaar thaa. karyakram karyalaya ney yeh sunishchit kiya kii sanchaalan key liye sansaadhan aavantit kiye gaye they jisase uthale paani key minesweeper gear aur sateek navigation aur locating system key teji seey vikas kii anumati millie, baad vaalaa minefield key vinyas koo nirdhaarit karane aur usake anusaar apane dainik sanchaalan koo samaayojit karane key liye ack behtar kshamata key saath minesweeping balon koo pradaan kartaa haye.
duss mahasagar minesweeper (aim. aiss. oh. aiss.) koo uttar viyatnami bandargaahon aur antardeshiya jalmaargon key liye gahare paani key drishtikon koo saaf karane aur helicopter niyantran jahaajon key roop mein kaam karane key liye kaary bull 78 koo saunpa gayaa thaa. isake alawa, tank landing jahaaj koo navambar 1972 aur farwari 1973 key beach japan mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa taaki "vishesh upkaran minesweeper" key roop mein anta mein sweep kiya jaa sakey, mss-2 koo phir seey design kiya gayaa thaa. iss tarah, iska upayog paani key madhyam seey check sweep key liye kiya jaanaa thaa joe sambhavatah sakriya khaanon seey saaf they taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii maarg vaastav mein surakshit thaa. usey polyurethane phome seey bharaa huaa pump kiya gayaa thaa taaki vaha ack khadaan seey takaraane parr doob naa jaae, apane sabhi swayamsevak kankal chaalak dall kii raksha key liye padding seey lais thee, aur ise sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa taaki usake chhah key poore chaalak dall koo usake minesweeping runn key dauran sheersh parr rakhaa jaa sakey, yeh sunishchit karate hue kii aggar vaha ghayal hoe jaati haye yaa deck key neeche kaheen bhee oopar seey takrakar maar detee haye tou unhein oopar seey udaa diyaa jaayega.
nausena kii nava nirmit vayu khadaan jawabi kaarravaai kshamata poori tarah seey helicopter mine jawabi kaarravaai squadron 12 (aich. aim.-12) key see.-53 samudri stallion helicopters mein rahati thee, joe sabhi operation key liye saunpe gaye they. isake alawa, samudri core key samudri bhaari helicopter squadron 463 (aich. aim. aich.-463) aur samudri madhyam helicopter squadron 164 (aich. aim. aim.-164) seey pratyek ney kull 24 aur ch-53 pradaan kiye. helicopters ney charleston, dakshin carolina mein operation key liye abhyaas kiya, jahaan yeh paaya gayaa kii samudri core pilots ney bhaari nishan 105 hydrophoil minesweeping slaze koo kheenchane mein anubhavaheenta ney shamil karmiyon aur upkaranon key liye ack jokhim paida kiya, vishesh roop seey asweekarya jokhim kyonki kamee aur slaze kii laagat. natijatan, ack vaigyaanik ney styrophome seey bharaa ack oob, chumbak pipe taiyar kiya jise koee bhee helicopter pilot aasaani seey kheench sakata thaa. narangi rung seey chitrit, nayaa upkaran chumbakiya narangi pipe (mop) key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa.
sanchaalan.
task force 78 koo 24 navambar 1972 koo saatven bede kii ack ikai key roop mein sakriya kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki peris mein shaanti vaarta abhee bhee chala rahee thee, aur ise banaane vaale jahaaj aur helicopter ikaaiyaan phillippeans mein gupt roop seey ekatra huin. haalaanki, disambar 1972 mein baatchit toot gaee, isaliye kaary bull janwari 1973 mein aage key vikas kaa intezar curr rhaa thaa, jabaki isake helicopter chaalak dall ney sabik bey mein apane minesweeping upkaran koo kheenchane kaa abhyaas kiya.
28 janwari 1973 koo-shaanti samjhaute parr hastakshar honey key agale dinn-kaary bull 78 ney phillippeans koo haifong key liye ravaana kiya. macauli ney 5 farwari 1973 koo apane uttari viyatnami key vipareet curnell hong hoo thaai key saath haffong mein mulakat kii, taaki uttar viyatnami karyon koo kaary bull 78 key saath samanvayit kiya jaa sakey.
minesweeping 6 farwari 1973 koo shuru hui, jaba samudri minesweepers, aur haifong key paas tateey jall koo bahaaya, nirdeshit missile frigate aur vidhvansak dwara sanrakshit. 27 farwari 1973 koo, ubhayachar hamla jahaaj, aur ubhayachar parivahan bandargah, aur aich. aim-12, aich. aim. aim-165, aur aich. aim. aich-463 key 31 ch-53 samudri stallion helicopters koo leey jaate hue kaary bull mein shamil hoe gaye. usee dinn helicopters ney mukhya shipping channel koo haifong taka pahunchaaya. halanki, agale dinn, rashtrapati nixon ney yuddh key kaidiyon koo riha karane mein uttar viyatnami deree key jawab mein anta sweep key nilamban kaa adesh diyaa.
6 march 1973 koo aind sweep phir seey shuru huaa. 9 march 1973 koo, ack khadaan mein visfot huaa-aind sweep key dauran ekmatra visfot huaa-kyonki ack minesweeping helicopter ise paar curr gayaa aur visfot koo helicopters dwara film parr kaid curr liya gayaa. 17 march 1973 koo, kaary bull key 78 helicopters ney hohn gaay aur cam faa key bandargaahon koo udaa diyaa. uttar viyatnam mein kaheen aur, yuu.aiss. nausena key takniki karmiyon ney 50 uttar viyatnami naavikon koo apane swayam key minesweeping sanchaalan key liye taiyar kiya aur americi see-130 herculis parivahan vimaan aur helicopters ney aich. aim. aim-165 seey uttar viyatnami koo haifong key baahar catt baay airfield mein minesweeping gear vitarit kiya.
"washtena county" 6 aprail 1973 koo phillippeans seey haffong pahunchi, aur 14 aprail 1973 koo vahaan apani pahali chhah check runn banaai, joe ack dashak seey adhik samay mein haffong bandargah mein pravesh karane vaalaa pahala americi jahaaj thaa. agale dinn unhone ack niyojit chhah runn mein seey kewal dou runn banaae they jaba aage key runn nilambit curr diye gaye they kyonki sanyukt raajya america kaa maanana thaa kii uttar viyatnami sarkaar peris shaanti samjhaute key tahat apane daayitvon koo puuraa naheen curr rahee thee. washington ney sabhi minesweeping sanchaalan koo nilambit karane kaa adesh diyaa aur 17 aprail 1973 koo kaary bull 78 rakharkhaav key liye sabik bey mein laut aaya.
13 juuna 1973 koo, sanyukt raajya america aur uttar viyatnam ney peris mein ack sanyukt vigyapti parr hastakshar kiye, jisamen anya cheejon key alawa, sanyukt raajya america koo 20 juuna key baad minesweeping phir seey shuru karane aur 13 julaai key baad sabhi minesweeping koo puuraa karane kii aavashyakta thee. abb taka sabhi khadanon key saath unaki navintam sambhaavit nasbandi kii tarikh koo paar karate hue, 18 juuna 1973 koo aind sweep phir seey shuru huaa. 20 juuna koo, task force 78 ney haifong kii apani check sweep poori kii, aur jald hii hohn gaay aur cam faa koo bhee saaf curr diyaa. isake baad, kaary bull ney vinh key tateey kshetron parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. antim minesweeping operation 5 julaai 1973 koo huaa aur agale dinn, rear admiral macauli ney uttar viyatnami koo soochit kiya kii sanyukt raajya america ney uttar viyatnami jall mein apane mine countermagers operation koo samaapt curr diyaa haye.
operation aind sweep 27 julaai 1973 koo aadhikarik taur parr samaapt hoe gayaa, aur task force 78 agale dinn uttar viyatnami jall seey vaapas leey liya.
parinam.
sanlagn", "bull", "fortify", aur "abhedya", mahasagar minesweepers,,,,,, aur aind sweep key kuchh hisse mein bhaag liya; duss mahasagar minesweepers mein seey chhah ney vaastavik sweeping operation kiye, jaisa kii unaki vishesh bhoomika mein "washten county" ney kiya. nau ubhayachar yuddh jahaaj, chhah bede key tugg, teen bachaav jahaaj aur 19 vidhvansak-prakaar key jahaaj bhee kaary bull 78 mein chhah maheene key anta mein cumm seey cumm ack hisse key dauran sanchaalit hue.
dou helicopter khou gaye they, aur operation key dauran "enhance" koo aag seey nuksan huaa thaa. sanchaalan kii samagr laagat, jisamen "vriddhi" kii marammat shamil thee, shamil ikaaiyon key samanya sanchaalan key liye apekshit laagat seey $20,394,000 adhik thee. chhah samudri minesweeper jinhone vaastavik minesweeping operation kiye they, unhone 439 ghante isamen bitaaye.
mulyankan.
halanki americi netritva aur aam janata kii nazaron mein aind sweep ack badee safalata thee.aiss. nausena key khadaan yuddh vishleshak iss baare mein cumm ashawadi they kii operation ney kyaa pradarshit kiya thaa. yuu mein yeh asamanya thaa.aiss. raajneetik drishyata aur prathamikta kaa anand lene key liye ack minesweeping operation key liye nausena joe anta sweep ney kiya, operation koo yuu kii matra aur gunavatta kaa upayog karane kii anumati detaa haye.aiss. nausena aur samudri core key karmchari, parichaalan aur vaigyaanik sansaadhan aam taur parr minesweeping key liye upalabdh naheen hain, aur vishleshakon ney agah kiya kii aisee paristhitiyon koo bhavishya key khadaan nikasi abhiyaanon mein naheen ginaa jaa sakata haye. isake alawa, operation koo yuu dwara apekshaakrit aasaan banaa diyaa gayaa thaa.aiss. joe khadaanen bichhaai gaee theen, unake prakaar aur sthaanon key baare mein nausena kaa gyaan, khanan abhiyaan key dauran kewal chumbakiya khadanon kaa chayan, aur safai shuru honey seey pahale kaee khadanon kaa swa-nirjalikaran shuru kiya gayaa.
americi janata aur kaee yuu.aiss. nausena key karmi iss dhaarana key saath anta mein sweep seey door chaley gaye kii helicopters ney apani prabhavsheelta aur kaheen adhik gatishilata key kaaran minesweeping bhoomika mein satah key jahaajon koo badal diyaa thaa. yahaan bhee, nausena key khaan yuddh vishleshakon ney lokpriya dhaarana key saath matbhed kiya. jabaki helicopter satah parr minesweeper kii tulanaa mein teen seey chhah gunaa teji seey bahate hain, way rasad samarthan aur maanav shakti key mamle mein bhee bahut maang karate hain, aur aksar helicopters parr minesweeping key uchch tanaav key kaaran marammat key liye neeche they. nausena key khadaan yuddh vishleshakon ney nishkarsh nikala kii bhavishya key khadaan nikasi sanchaalan mein satah parr minesweeper aur helicopters kii ack santulit bull kii aavashyakta hogi, joe mahatvapurna sankhya mein sahayak jahaajon dwara samarthit hoga.

