kalpana mein chitra

kaee lekhakon koo chitron key vichaar kii or aakarshit kiya gayaa haye aur unhone bahut vaastavik aankadon key abhaav mein unake baare mein kaalpanik kahaaniyon aur pauranik kathaaon kaa nirmaan kiya haye. yeh romantic drishtikon unhein kabhi-kabhi aadhunik kilt pahane hue yaa mahaan jangli key roop mein chitrit kartaa haye, jitna kii 18 veen shatabdi mein mool amerikiyon parr europeeya logon kaa drishtikon.
chitra shabd kaa upayog.
lokpriya vyutpatti ney lambe samay seey chitrit naam kii vyakhya kii haye jaise kii yeh lattin shabd picti seey liya gayaa haye jiska arth haye "chitrit lock" yaa sambhavatah "taitu kiye gaye"; aur yeh velsh shabd pride seey sambandhit hoe sakata haye jiska arth haye "chihnit karna" yaa "aakarshit karna". julius seasure, joe kabhi bhee chitrabhoomi key paas naheen gaye, ney apane gallic yuddhon kii pustak v mein shareer chitrakala key british celtic rivaaj kaa ullekh karate hue kahaa haye
"amnes vero seey britanni vitro inficient, quode kairuleyam efficiht colorem, pagana pahalu mein attack horrick horidiores sunt" (vaastav mein sabhi britanni khud koo vitrum key saath daagate hain, joe ack gahara neela rung paida kartaa haye, aur iska matlab haye kii way yuddh mein saamana karane key liye adhik bhayaanak hain.")
robbert ee. haward.
picts robbert ee kii ack vishesh pasandida daud thee. howard aur unaki kahaaniyon mein aksar ullekh kiya jaataa haye, jisamen raajaa kull off valucia kii thurian yug kii kahaaniyon seey laker, jahaan way unake sahayogi hain, aur barbarian connon key hiborian yug taka, jahaan way simerian key nashwar dushman hain (joe vaastav mein puraane atlantian key vanshaj hain, halanki unhein apane vansh yaa puraane gathbandhan kii yaad naheen haye). howard ney vaastavik aitihaasik samay mein sthaapit picts brain meck morning key antim raajaa key baare mein bhee kahaaniyan likhin, aur way aamtaur parr cormack mack art key dushmanon key roop mein dikhaai dete hain. haward key lekhan mein sabhi jaatiyon aur sabhyataon mein seey, chitra sabse lambe itihas key saath jaati yaa sabhyata hain. way unaki kahani "krimi kii ghaati" mein bhee dikhaai dete hain, joe kull seey bahut pahale sthaapit kii gaee haye, jahan picts kii ack janjaati naayak, neord, ack vishal saamp aur ack prani seey ladane mein madad karati haye joe ack shogth jaisa dikhta haye. haward ney vibhinn yugon key beach nirantarta kii bhavna dee, jisamen chokar koo kull key sahayogi brull key vanshaj banaaya gayaa, aur phir varnan kiya gayaa kii kaise raajaa kii aatma koo madhyayugeen chitron dwara pooja kii jaane vaali ack kaali patthar kii moorti parr chipkaya gayaa thaa. picts kii sthiti aur unaki sabhyata aam taur parr samay key saath girati gaee; thurian yug key picts unake adim, kroor vanshajon kii tulanaa mein kaheen adhik parishkrit they.
kahaa jaataa haye kii haward key chitra "paschimi mahasagar key door dweepon" seey utpann hue aur dheere-dheere bhoomadhya kshetra mein chaley gaye. ack samay parr, way duniya key badey kshetron mein fail gaye, lekin kaee alag-alag samoohon koo chhodkar dheere-dheere gayab hoe gaye. haalaanki inmein seey kuchh samooh dooradraj key jangalon aur dakshini mahadweepon mein rahate they, lekin sabse pramukh picts kaa nikaay british dweepon mein buss gayaa, jahan unhone ack kathit mangolian jaati koo visthaapit kiya joe dweepon key praarambhik nivasi they (haalaanki unaki utpatti kaheen aur thee). iss pichhali jaati ney bhoomigat sharan lii, jahan ack sahasrabdi mein way avikasit aur ghrinit praniyon mein vikasit hue, joe kalpit baunon yaa baunon seey sambandhit kahaaniyon key praarambhik vishay they, jaisa kii chokar kii chhoti kahani "prithvi key keede" mein varnit haye, saath hii "raat key bachchon" mein bhee.
picts koo kuchh hajaaron varshon baad aakramankari celts dwara visthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, aur uttar kii or scotland mein dhakel diyaa gayaa thaa, jahan way laal baalon vaale barbaron kii ack janjaati key saath prajanan karate they, jisake parinamswarup aanuvanshik roop seey oonchaai mein kamee aaee. baad mein roman, brayton aur saxon akramanon key baad, picts ney bhee bhoomigat sharan lii, jaise kii mool nivaasiyon ney pahale visthaapit kiya thaa.
ack dilchasp baat yeh haye kii, "kaali nadee seey parey" jaisi hiborian yug kii kahaaniyon mein, jaba way europe key paschimi kinare parr rahate hain aur aquilonia key saath ack seema saajha karate hain, joe unhein nae praanton mein upanivesh banaane key liye aage paschim mein dhakelane kii koshish kartaa haye, tou picts spasht deshi americi prabhaav dikhaate hain, unaki upasthiti, poshak, hathiyar, yuddh aayojit karane key tareeke aur yahaan taka kii nae aquilonian praanton key sthaanon key naam bhee. yeh bataana mushkil haye kii kyaa yeh haward kii or seey asangati kaa mamla haye, yaa unaki praarambhik utpatti aur barbarta key liye ack throback haye, kyonki joe pict connon ney hiborian yug key dauran ladaai ladee thee, way nishchit roop seey una kull kii tulanaa mein adhik adim hain joe kaee sahasraabdiyon pahale jaanate they. raat key raajaa" kii kahani, jisamen kull koo ack roman senaa seey ladane mein madad karane key liye samay parr aage bulaaya jaataa haye, kull kii umr key baad picts key patan kaa sandarbh detaa haye, vishesh roop seey yeh dekhate hue kii picts ney dhaatu key kaam key kaushal koo khou diyaa thaa. praarambhik madhya yug mein sthaapit "dha dark maine" jaisi kahaaniyon mein varnit chitra, unhein abhee taka adhik adim key roop mein chitrit karate hain, jisamen flint teer jaise praudyogiki key navpashan star key saath. yeye chitra spasht roop seey girawat key antim charanon mein ack loga hain, aur jangli logon kii ack chhipi hui janjaati key roop mein reh rahey hain jinake baare mein unake padosi norse, scotish aur ayrish loga naheen jaanate hain.
baad key picts key baare mein howard key vivaran unhein oonchaai mein bahut chhote, squat aur maanspeshiyon vaale, mook andolan mein nipun, aur kull key dinn key picts key vipareet, sabse kroor aur asabhya key roop mein chitrit karate hain. unhone khud koo aitihaasik picts kii tarah, aur bahut badee gufaaon mein rahate hue, kuchh praakritik aur kuchh kritrim roop seey vistaarit, way khud koo load seey chitrit karate they. unake paas dushman key kaidiyon koo jeevit jalaane kii ack pratha thee, ack samaroh kii adhyakshata aamtaur parr unake drude jaise 'jaadugaron' yaa pujaariyon dwara kii jaati thee, jinhen haward ney chitrit kiya kii kaee varshon kii nafrat seey utpann ack vikrit darshan aur mansikta haye, joe sachitra yoddha-raajaa kii chokar key seedhe virodh mein haye, jinhone duniya mein apane sammaanjanak sthaan parr picnic koo bahaal karane aur roman aakramankariyon koo baahar nikaalane kaa prayaas kiya.
brain mack mornn kii mansikta unake samay aur sthaan key liye bahut asamanya thee, kyonki unhone romanon key khilaf "mool" british aabaadi key gathbandhan kaa paksh liya, jisamen picts, brayton aur selt shamil they, ack aisee sthiti mein jaba inn janjaatiyon mein seey pratyek ney anya sabhi key liye teevra ghrina aur avishvaas koo badhaava diyaa. robbert ee. haward ney yeh bhee ullekh kiya haye kii picts mein seey kuchh yoddha bhediyon key roopon koo, bhediyon key tareeke seey, apani swatantra ichcha parr grahan curr sakate hain. yeye chitra ack "jaati" they jinake saath howard koo sabse adhik lagaav mahsoos huaa, aur iss kaaran seey way lagbhag poori tarah seey kaalpanik aur aitihaasik tathya seey vichalit honey key bavjood unake pasandida vishayon mein seey ack they.
terry prachet.
aine. aeye. see. mack feegal (jise pixi, vee free maine, chhote purush, 'vyakti yaa agyaat vyakti, jinhen sashastr maanaa jaataa haye' aur kabhi-kabhi 'prativaadi' key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) ack prakaar kii purry hain joe terry prait key "discoverld" upanyason "kaarpe jugulam", "vee free maine", "aeye hait off skye" aur "wintersmith" mein dikhaai detee hain. chhah inch lambe honey key alawa, way badey paimaane parr rahasyamay aur parishkrit pariyon kii victorian avadharana koo ulat dete hain, aur lokkathaon kii pariyon koo vaapas dekhate hain, jinhen aam taur parr kabhi-kabhi sahayak choron aur keeton key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa.
aine. aeye. see. mack feegal kii twacha neeli dikhaai detee haye kyonki yeh bhaari taitu seey dhaki hoti haye aur pent seey dhaki hoti haye, aur sabhi key baal laal hotey hain. taitu ack feegal key kabile kii pehchaan karate hain. pankhon yaa kissy bhee prakaar kii samaan visheshtaon kaa sawal hii naheen haye. unake bhaashan koo kewal scots bhasha parr kissy prakaar kii bhinnata key roop mein varnit kiya jaa sakata haye, aamtaur parr kulon mein glasvagian kaa saamana karna padata haye, halanki villium gonnagal (ack alag kabile seey) kaa uchchaaran naram, uchch bhoomi haye. way vishesh roop seey majboot aur lachila hotey hain, joe iss baat koo dekhate hue kaam aataa haye kii purush feegal (unamen seey lagbhag sabhi) ack jeevan shally key roop mein kukhyaat roop seey raudi hotey hain.
anya sandarbh.
prasiddh lekhak annie rais kii "dha mayfair witches" trayi, lasher key virodhi, ack "taltos" key roop mein prakat kiya gayaa haye joe annie chawal saahityik brahmand mein chitron koo diyaa gayaa naam haye. chawal key sachitra talto swayam manushya naheen hain, balki way ack samaan dikhane vaale lekin aanuvanshik roop seey bahut alag primate hain joe manushyon key saath yaun kriyaon mein sanlagn hoe sakate hain joe shayed hii kabhi vyavharya santan paida karate hain. taltos-maanav sankaron key parinamswarup aamtaur parr maanav maataon kii mrityu hoe jaati haye, sivaay maanav "chudailon" key, jinamen aanuvanshik pravritti hoti haye joe kuchh logon koo iss tarah kii antar-prajaatiyon key prajanan seey bachane kii anumati detee haye. salisbury maidanon key patthar key kinare kaa shreya chawal key maanviya, jatil pauranik taltos sant ashler key chitrit charitra koo diyaa jaataa haye. talto hajaaron varshon taka jeevit reh sakate hain lekin nritya yaa sangeet dwara prerit kund bull aghaat aur trance seey marr sakate hain. unhein "bachche jaise" loga kahaa jaataa haye. upajaau vishamalaingik taltos jodon key beach kissy bhee yaun kritya key turant parinamswarup ack nae taltos kii teji seey avadharana aur janm hotaa haye, joe sabhi ghanton key bheetar yaun paripakvata key liye paripakva hoe jaate hain jaisa kii annie rais key upanyaas "lasher" (trayi kii pustak 2) aur "taltos" (teesari aur antim pustak) mein varnit haye.
bhoomika nibhaane vaale khel "piendragon" mein, "raajaa arther key pauranik yug key dauran caledonia naamak ack sachitra raajya koo darshaati haye.
nainsi kisan key norse-madhyayugeen kaalpanik upanyason, "dha see off trolls" aur "dha laind off dha silver seb" mein chitra paatron key roop mein dikhaai dete hain.
michael fassbender key saath film "centurion" mein bhee chitra dikhaai dete hain.
rudyard kippling kii pustak "puck off pooks hill" mein, britten mein tainaat ack roman sanic ney picts koo chaalaak virodhi key roop mein varnit kiya haye.
yeh chitra johnn couper povis key arthurian upanyaas "porius" (1951) mein bhee "fafichi" key roop mein dikhaai dete hain, joe greek mool kii wells kii ack janjaati haye. powy key picts ayrish logon ("gwidlade") key poorvajon seey sambaddh hain aur aamtaur parr poore upanyaas mein "gwiddley-afichi" key roop mein sandarbhit kiye jaate hain. povis 'ninew koo ack chitra key roop mein bhee varnit kiya gayaa haye.
juliet marillier ney sachitra raajaa dulhan key baare mein ack kaalpanik shrinkhala likhi, jise "dha bry chronicles" kahaa jaataa haye, jisaki shuruat "dha dark mirror" (paine mcmillan 2004) seey hui aur "blade off fortrieu" (paine mcmillan 2005) aur "dha well off shades" (paine mcmillan 2006) mein jaari rahee.
johnn flangun kii upanyaas shrinkhala "rangers apprentices" mein "araluen" key uttar mein "pict" naamak ack desh yaa scotland kaa pratibimb shamil haye, jisamen jangli, asabhya janjaatiyaan rahati hain.
arther random kii "swalos aind amezan seereez" mein, "picts aur shahidon" mein dick aur dorothea kalpana karate hain kii way apani mahaan chaachi seey chhipate samay picts hain. mahaan uttari mein?"unhein baahari sankaron mein ack pracheen chitra ghar milata haye.
ninja theory action-adventure game" aur isaki agali kadee ", senua kii gaathah helblade II" key mukhya charitra koo mool roop seey chitrit kiye jaane kii pushti kii gaee haye.

