
roose mein paryavaraniya mudde

roose mein paryavaraniya muddon mein pradooshan aur kataav shamil hain, aur logon, vanyajeevon aur paaristhitiki tantra parr iska prabhaav padata haye. 
kaee muddon kaa shreya praarambhik soviyat sangh key dauran banaai gaee neetiyon koo diyaa gayaa haye, aise samay mein jaba kaee adhikaariyon ney mahsoos kiya kii pradooshan niyantran aarthik vikas aur audyogikaran mein ack anaavashyak baadha thee, aur bhale hii soviyat sarkaar dwara 1960,1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein sthiti koo cumm karane key liye kaee prayaas kiye gaye they, lekin samasyaaen poori tarah seey hull naheen huin. 1990 key dashak taka, roose key 40 pratishat kshetra mein mahatvapurna paaristhitik tanaav key lakshan dikhaai dene lagey, joe mukhya roop seey vanon kii kataai, oorjaa gair-jimmedarana, pradooshan aur paramanu apashisht sahit vibhinn paryavaraniya muddon key kaaran they. roose key praakritik sansaadhan aur paryaavaran mantralaya key anusaar, roose vartamaan mein baaki duniya kii tulanaa mein dhaaee gunaa teji seey germ hoe rhaa haye.
vanyajeev.
roose mein kaee sanrakshit kshetra hain, jaise kii zapovednic aur praakritik udyaan, joe paryaavaran kii praakritik sthiti koo sanrakshit karane key liye banaae gaye hain. vartamaan mein 101 zapovednic hain joe kull 33.5 laakh hectare seey adhik kshetra mein faile hue hain. halanki, kuchh janwar, jaise amoor bagh, dhruviya bhalu aur caucasian tendua, vilupt honey kaa saamana curr rahey hain. russie sarkaar una aabaadi koo punarjeevit karane kaa prayaas curr rahee haye. sent mein ack bagh shikhar sammelan aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. pietersberg 2010 mein iss baat parr charcha karane key liye kii roose mein vanon kii kataai aur avaidh shikaar seey khatare mein padey baghon kii ghatati aabaadi koo kaise bachaaya jaae.
vanon kii kataai aur kataai.
atyadhik kataai roose key kuchh kshetron mein vyaapak vanon kii kataai kaa kaaran bunn rahee haye. praakritik bhandaron aur udyaanon kaa upayog karke vanon koo sanrakshit karane key liye russie adhikaariyon key prayason key bavjood, udyaan rangers key liye dhana kii kamee haye, jisase vanon kii suraksha seemit hoe gaee haye. vishesh roop seey uttar-paschim aur roose key sudur purvi hisson mein avaidh kataai bhee vyaapak haye. anuman haye kii avaidh lakadi kataai key kaaran roose koo harr saal 1 arab dollar kaa nuksan hotaa haye. russie paryaavaran neeti kendra key anusaar, harr saal 16 million hectare vann lakadi kii kataai, pradooshan aur aag sahit vibhinn karanon seey nasht hoe jaate hain. aksham kataai aur kataai ranneetiyon key parinamswarup 40 pratishat kataai kiye gaye pedon kaa kabhi upayog naheen kiya jaataa haye, aur vann sanrakshan neetiyon kaa karyanvayan dheema rhaa haye.
roose kaa 2018 kaa vann paridrishya akhandata soochkaank ausat score 9.02/10 thaa, joe ise 172 deshon mein seey vaishvik star parr 10vein sthaan parr rakhta haye.
oorjaa.
1991 mein apane patan taka, soviyat sangh ney sanyukt raajya america kii tulanaa mein gnp kii prati ikai dedh gunaa adhik pradooshan utpann kiya.
aksham oorjaa upayog aur jeevaashm eendhan kaa upayog ack aur paryavaraniya mudda haye jiska saamana roose curr rhaa haye. oorjaa mantralaya ney kahaa kii oorjaa kshetra key upkaranon key unnayan seey carbon utsarjan mein 25 pratishat kii katauti hoe sakati haye, aur oorjaa anusandhaan sansthaan kaa anuman haye kii iss tarah key upaayon seey harr saal 1 arab dollar taka key eendhan kii bachat hoe sakati haye. roose kii 68 pratishat oorjaa jeevaashm indhanon koo pradooshit karane seey utpann hoti haye, aur yeh una indhanon kaa ack badaa utpaadak haye.
pradooshan.
vayu pradooshan.
masco, sent. pietersberg, yekaterinburg aur volgograd key saath-saath anya pramukh audyogik aur jansankhya kendron mein vayu pradooshan kii sabse adhik sandrata haye. kull milakar, roose key 200 seey adhik shahar pradooshan kii seema koo paar curr gaye hain, aur yeh badh rhaa haye kyonki sadakon parr adhik vaahan dikhaai dey rahey hain. 1990 key dashak seey pahale, adhikansh vayu pradooshan udyogon seey aaya thaa. jaba audyogik utpaadan mein girawat aaee, tou una sroton seey vayu pradushakon key utsarjan mein bhee girawat aaee, halanki sadakon parr motor vaahanon kii matra aasmaan chhoo gaee. vartamaan mein, adhikansh russie shaharon mein vaahan utsarjan udyog utsarjan seey adhik haye. vayu pradooshan kaa kaaran bachpan key 17 pratishat aur vayask rogon key 10 pratishat key saath-saath 41 pratishat shwasan aur 16 pratishat antahsraavi roga hain.
jall pradooshan.
roose mein jall pradooshan ack gambhir samasya haye, aur satah kaa 75 pratishat paani, aur roose mein kull paani kaa 50 pratishat abb pradooshit haye. soviyat yug key anta mein sarkaar ney machhali pakadane vaale sthaanon aur unake aavason kii dekhbhal karane kii aavashyakta koo teji seey sweekaar kiya, taaki machhali pakadane vaale logon koo vaapas vaapas kiya jaa sakey. isase kaee shaharon key saath-saath graameen ilaakon mein bhee swaasthya sambandhi samasyaaen paida hui hain, kyonki jalmaargon parr lautane seey pahale kewal 8 pratishat apashisht jall kaa poori tarah seey upchaar kiya jaataa haye. aprachalit aur aksham jall upchaar suvidhaon key saath-saath dhana kii kamee ney bhaari pradooshan paida kiya haye, aur isake parinamswarup jaljanit roga bhee faile hain, jaise kii 1995 mein moskawa nadee dwara faile haija kaa prakop. audyogik aur rasayanik apashisht koo aksar jalmaargon mein fenk diyaa jaataa haye, jisamen hydrogen sulphide bhee shamil haye, jise kaale aur caspian samudron mein badey paimaane parr machhliyon kii maut seey jodaa gayaa haye. baikaal jheel pahale kagji sanyantron seey paryaavaran pradooshan kaa lakshya thee, lekin taba seey safai key prayason ney jheel parr paaristhitik tanaav koo bahut cumm curr diyaa haye.
kabhi-kabhi sainya paramanu apashisht seey chhutkara paane key liye asurakshit dumping vidhiyon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jise 1993 taka japan key samudra mein fenk diyaa jaataa thaa. paramanu hathiyaron key pareekshan aur utpaadan ney paryaavaran koo bhee prabhaavit kiya, jaise kii chelyabinsk key paas mayak paramanu hathiyar utpaadan sanyantra mein.
radiodharmi apashisht.
radiodharmi apashisht koo uchch-stariya apashisht yaa nimn-stariya apashisht key roop mein varnit kiya jaa sakata haye. uchch-stariya apashisht vaha haye jise paramanu eendhan key upayog seey honey vaale apashisht key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye joe aamtaur parr paramanu oorjaa sanyantra key sthal parr sangraheet kiya jaataa haye jisase iska utpaadan hotaa haye. isamen euranium aur thorium key khanan seey utpann apashisht bhee shamil hoe sakate hain joe donon paramanu eendhan key upayog key liye pramukh ghatak hain. nimn-stariya apashisht mein aisee cheejen hoti hain joe radiodharmi apashisht key sampark mein aaee hain jaise kii packaging, kapade aur site parr paaee jaane vaali anya samaan samagri. donon shreniyon key beach mukhya antar radiodharmita kaa star haye joe inn samagriyon key sampark mein aaney parr ujagar hoga. vishva paramanu sangh key anusaar, nimn-star kaa apashisht prati tunn alfa gatividhi mein chaar geega-backrell yaa prati tunn gaama-beeta gatividhi mein baarah geega-backrell seey adhik naheen haye. 
radiodharmi apashisht key prabhaav kaa ack udaaharan dakshin-poorv taar rajmarg key nirmaan mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. 2018 seey, masco key parivahan aur nirmaan vibhaag ney aathh laine kaa rajmarg banaane kaa prayaas kiya haye joe abb ack nishkriya paramanu sanyantra haye. rosatom raajya oorjaa nigam key swaamitva vaalaa mosco bahu-dhaatu sanyantra 50 saal pahale bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur kahaa jaataa haye kii isamen abhee bhee hanikarak paramanu apashisht haye jisake parinamswarup ise ack radiodharmi sthal kaa label diyaa gayaa haye. iska mukhya uddeshya euranium aur thorium key nishkarshan aur utpaadan key liye thaa jisake parinamswarup aspas key kshetra mein vikiran kaa uchch star thaa (paryaavaran nyaay sangathan greenpeace dwara report kiya gayaa). radiodharmi apashisht key prabandhan key liye jimmedaar masco sarkaar aur raydon raajya ekaatmak udyam ney daavaa kiya haye kii rajmarg kaa nirmaan shuru karane key liye kitanushodhan key uchit upaay kiye gaye hain.
dakshin-poorv taar pariyojana seey judaa mukhya sangharsh paramanu apashisht bhandaran aur maanav swaasthya aur aspas key paryaavaran key liye isake hanikarak prabhaav hain joe iss sthal koo rajmarg key upayog key liye asurakshit banaate hain. roga niyantran aur roktham kendra aur maanav kaaran parr vikiran key prabhaavon parr unake lekh key anusaar, radiodharmi apashisht seedhe kissy key dna key saath-saath pramukh angon kii sanrachana koo nuksan pahuncha sakata haye. dee. aine. aeye. key iss parivartan seey peediton koo cancer yaa yahaan taka kii mrityu kaa bhee uchch khatra hoe sakata haye. antatah, yeh sub vikiran kii khuraak parr nirbhar kartaa haye aur iss mamle mein, ack nagrik koo dakshin-poorv taar key iss hisse parr kitni baar gaadi chalaani hoti thee. mukhya pradushakon parr prakaash daala gayaa haye euranium kaa nishkarshan aur paramanu reactors key uddeshya seey thorium kaa utpaadan. 
mitty kaa kataav.
burf key bahaav ney uttari roose mein charagahon aur fasal bhoomi mein, vishesh roop seey ural pahaadon key paas, paryaapt kataav kaa kaaran banaa haye. dakshini roose key kuchh hisson mein, adhik charaai aur vanon kii kataai key parinamswarup nangi mitty key badey bhukhand hain joe havaa key kataav key liye atyadhik atisamvedansheel hain.
sandarbh.
russie prakriti sanrakshan kendra. 2011-02-22 praapt kiya gayaa.