peshaat

peshaat (pashaat bhee) yahudi bibil key vyakhya key dou classic tarikon mein seey ack haye, doosara haye derash. jabaki "peshaat" koo aamtaur parr kissy paath kii satah yaa shaabdik (pratyaksh) arth key sandarbh mein paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye, kaee vidvaanon aur rabbiyon ney sadiyon seey iss parr bahas kii haye, jisamen "peshaat" key kaee upayog aur paribhaashaaen dee gaee hain.
paribhaashaaen.
"peshaat" koo aksar "seedhe" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye, joe kii mukhar moolya parr spasht paath key arth kaa varnan karane kii isaki pravritti key sandarbh mein, muhavaredar abhivyaktiyon koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, aur jyaadaatar shaabdik vyakhya parr dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye. ise aksar bibil key paath koo padhane aur samajhane key liye sabse seedha tarika maanaa jaataa haye. iss tarah, "peshaat" khud koo "perdes" mein maujood anya tarikon seey alag kartaa haye-remays, drashes aur soad, joe iss baat koo dekhate hain kii paath mein kyaa chhipa hoe sakata haye.
bhashai roop seey, "peshaat" shabd kii jarh bibil key hibru shabd mein paaee jaati haye jiska arth haye "samtal honah", yaa "vistaar karna."talmudic yug mein, iss paribhasha kaa vistaar" "prastaav karane key liye" key arth mein kiya gayaa thaa. "aksar jaba" "peshaat" "koo paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye, tou talmud key shabbat tract seey ack uddharan koo sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen kahaa jaataa haye" "main ack aadami huun joe ack paath haye", "yaa," "ack paath koo usake peshaat key arth seey naheen liya jaa sakata haye."kuchh logon ney apani samagr paribhasha koo vyaapak banaane key liye" "peshaat" "kii taalmudik paribhasha kaa upayog kiya haye, yeh kahate hue kii ack vishesh parichhed kii" "peshaat" "vyakhya" "janata dwara spasht roop seey aadhikarik key roop mein maanyata praapt shikshan haye, kyonki parichit aur paaramparik", "yaa" "samanya roop seey sweekrit paaramparik arth jaisa kii ise aam taur parr padhaaya jaataa thaa."talmud dwara pradaan kii gaee paribhashaon key aadhar parr, yeh anuman lagaaya jaa sakata haye kii" "peshaat" "kewal ack shaabdik vyakhya vidhi haye. haalaanki, anya logon ney iss vichaar koo raashi key kaam key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya haye, aur unhone varshon baad "peshaat" aur "drash" koo sakhti seey paribhaashit kiya haye-aksar unaki paribhashaon kaa upayog isake talmudic upayog key bheetar "peshaat" key arth koo sanshodhit karane key liye kiya gayaa haye.
ack anya bhashai jigyasa koo "peshaat" aur hibru kriya "lamad" (λMAD) key beach key antar mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, jiska arth haye "adhyayan karna."peshaat" kii vyakhya ack paath key gahan aur gahan adhyayan key liye kii jaa sakati haye, naa kii kewal ack satah padhane key liye jise lamad dwara darshaaya gayaa haye. peshaat" kii iss samajh mein, yeh vichaar kii yeh kewal ack paath kaa shaabdik arth haye, galat haye. balki, "peshaat" kaa arth gahan adhyayan seey kyaa nikala jaa sakata haye, jabaki abhee bhee paath key shaabdik arth key mahatva koo banaae rakhaa jaa sakata haye. isaliye, "peshaat" kii thodi alag paribhasha banaai jaa sakati haye, vishesh roop seey kii "peshaat" koo ack paath key arth koo sandarbhit karna chaahiye jaisa kii aamtaur parr sikhaaya aur sweekaar kiya jaataa thaa, jisamen ack shaabdik vyakhya shamil haye, lekin seemit naheen haye.
peshaat" kii paribhaashaaen aitihaasik aur saahityik donon sandarbhon key mahatva koo bhee nott karati hain. yeh "drash" key vipareet haye, joe aksar ack padya key paath koo apane sandarbh seey baahar leey jaayega, sandarbh seey parey upayog key liye jaise kii anushthaan yaa naitik uddeshyon key liye. haalaanki, iska matlab yeh naheen haye kii "peshaat" aur "drash" poori tarah seey virodhi tareeke hain. vaastav mein, ack kaa upayog aksar dusare koo samajhaane mein madad karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, paath mein baarikiyon koo khojane aur paribhaashit karane mein joe donon tarikon key anuprayog key binaa anyatha aspasht hoe sakate hain.
rabbiyon key vichaar aur upayog.
abraham ibn ezra koo unake lekhan mein yeh kahate hue uddhrit kiya gayaa haye kii talmud key rabbiyon koo "peshaat" mein achchi tarah seey paarangat thaa, unhone iss parr apane madhya-rashiyon key vivaran banaae theh "way [taalmudik rabbiyon] peshaat koo una sabhi peedhiyon kii tulanaa mein behtar jaanate they joe unake baad aaeen."isake vipareet, rashbam ney mahsoos kiya kii praarambhik rabbiyon koo" peshaat "mein gyaan naheen thaa, aur isake bajaay anya ranneetiyon kaa upayog kiya. natijatan, inn rabbiyon koo rabbiyon key halakik vyakhya key virodh key nishkarshon kii or leey jaaya gayaah rashbam ney ise "peshaat" seey ack alag prakaar key vyakhya key roop mein samajha, jabaki ibn ezra ney mahsoos kiya kii ekmatra uchit vyakhya apane swayam key nishkarshon kii or leey jaayegi, aur isaliye taalmudik rabbiyon key madhyabhaag koo poori tarah seey vyakhya key roop mein nazarandaj curr diyaa. talmud key rabbiyon key sandarbh mein inn matbhedon kii parwah kiye binaa, ibn ezra aur rashbam donon ney madhyarik tarikon key ack behtar vikalp key roop mein "peshaat" kaa samarthan kiya aur badhaava diyaa.
rushbam key chhatron mein seey ack, rabbi elizer off beausancy, koo poori tarah seey "peshaat" parr bharosa karate hue apani vishisht ranneetiyon seey "drashes" koo poori tarah seey hataane key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. rashbam kii yeh samajhaane kii pravritti kii tulanaa mein kii unake vichaar taalmudik rabbiyon key vichaaron key vipareet kaise honge, rabbi elizer aisaa karane key liye majboor naheen haye, yeh mahsoos karate hue kii "peshaat" hii paath koo dekhane kaa ekmatra uchit tarika haye. jaisa kii "peshaat" key tareeke aksar sandarbh key mahatva parr nirbhar karate hain, rabbi elizer kii tippaniyan kissy diye gaye padya yaa paath key sandarbh parr dhyaan kendrit karane kii unaki pravritti key liye jaani jaati hain. unaki tippaniyan unase alag baithane key bajaay paath key saath ekikrit hain, aur way yeh sunishchit karane parr jore dete hain kii unaki charchaon key dauran koee bhee schlock apane sandarbh koo naa khoye, anya tarikon kii tulanaa mein, jaise "raashi kaa padya-darr-padya drishtikon"."
david kimmy (radak) koo "peshaat" mein apani kshamata key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa, aur ibn ezra aur raashi donon seey prabhaavit thaa. jabaki kimmy ney derash parr "peshaat" vidhiyon koo prathamikta dee, raashi kaa prabhaav unaki kuchh tippaniyon mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, jisamen madhya-raash uddharan shamil hain. isake alawa, kimmy derash key kaee prasiddh prastavakon key beach rahate they, jaise kii rabbi moosa upadeshak, jinka "nissandeh radak parr paryaapt prabhaav padaa thaa."kimmy ney aksar talmud key rabbiyon key vichaaron koo aswikar karane key liye apane raaste seey baahar jaane kii pravritti dikhaai, jisake kaaran yeh siddhant saamane aaya haye kii, halanki unase asahmat, kimmy ney talmud rabbiyon kii parampara aur adhikaar koo poori tarah seey sweekaar kiya. apani tippaniyon mein, kimmy ney apani vyakhya koo "peshaat" key roop mein aur taalmudik rabbiyon kii vyakhya koo "derash" key roop mein label kiya, jisase unake lekhan mein donon key beach ack sakht vibhajan paida huaa.
sadiya gaon key ack chhaatr ney kahaah "yeh vaha sanket haye jisake dwara aapako pataa honah chaahiye kii kaun see tippani achchi haye aur kaun see tippani buri haih koee bhee tippanikar joe pahale sankshipt bhasha mein" peshuto shale mikra "key saath tippani kartaa haye, aur baad mein hamaare kuchh rabbiyon key" midrash "laataa haye, yeh ack achchi tippani haye, aur iska ulta [ack] kachcha [tippani] haye.
rabbi yakov medan aur rabbi dow. key netritva mein "yaa" kaa aadhunik drishtikon. yoel binn-noon, aur kaee rabbiyon aur yeshivat harr atzian key poorv chhatron dwara prachaarit, taanach kaa adhyayan karane kaa ack drishtikon haye joe saar mein rashbam, iben ezra aur radak key nakshekadam parr chalata haye aur "peshat" aur bible koo samajhane key seedhe tareeke seey adhik nikatata seey chipak jaataa haye.
talmudic udaaharan.
talmud mein "peshat" key upayog key kaee udaaharan neeche diye gaye hainh

