
martin vakr

martin vakr ack shakti kaanoon haye jiska upayog mahasagarvidon dwara kann carbonic carbon (poc) key samudra tala mein niryaat kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. vakr koo dou maapdandon key saath niyantrit kiya jaataa haih jall stambh mein sandarbh gaharaai, aur ack punaryojikaran mapdand joe usa darr kaa ack maap haye jiss parr toke kaa urdhvaadhar pravaah ksheen hotaa haye. iska naam americi samudra vigyaani johnn martin key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
martin vakr kaa upayog mahasagar carbon cycling key adhyayan mein kiya gayaa haye aur isane vayumandaliya staron koo niyantrit karane mein mahasagar kii bhoomika koo samajhane mein yogdan diyaa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
mahasagar mein kann carbonic carbon (poc) pool kii gatishilata samudri carbon chakr key kendra mein haye. poc satah key praathamik utpaadan, gahare mahasagar aur samudri talchhat key beach kii kadee haye. jiss darr seey gahare mahasagar mein pock kaa ksharan hotaa haye, vaha vayumandaliya carbon dioxide kii sandrata koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye.
javic carbon pump (bee. see. pee.) ack mahatvapurna tantra haye jisake dwara vayumandaliya carbon dioxide koo samudra dwara liya jaataa haye aur samudra key aantarik bhaag mein leey jaaya jaataa haye. bee. see. pee. key binaa, poorv-audyogik vayumandaliya carbon dioxide kii sandrata (280 ppm) 460 ppm taka badh gaee hogi. vartamaan mein, samudra kii satah kii parat seey samudra key aantarik bhaag mein kann carbonic carbon (poc) pravaah kaa anuman 4-13 piji-see varsh-1 lagaaya gayaa haye. bcp kii dakshata kaa mulyankan karane key liye, gaharaai key saath poc pravaah key urdhvaadhar ksheenan kii matra nirdhaarit karna aavashyak haye kyonki usa poc koo jitna gahara parivahan kiya jaataa haye, utanaa hii lamba coo2 vayumandal seey alag hoe jaayega. iss prakaar, bee. see. pee. kii dakshata mein vriddhi seey vayumandaliya carbon dioxide key mahasagar carbon prithakkaran mein vriddhi honey kii kshamata haye jisake parinamswarup vaishvik tapman mein vriddhi parr nakaratmak pratikriya hogi. vibhinn shodhkartaon ney 1980 key dashak seey pock fluxes key urdhvaadhar ksheenan kii jaanch kii haye.
1987 mein, martin "aitt all". pock fluxes ksheenan kaa varnan karane key liye nimnalikhit shakti kaanoon kaary kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaah
jahan "z" paani kii gaharaai (m) haye, aur "f" z "aur" f "100 kramshah" z "meater aur 100 meater kii gaharaai parr pock fluxes hain. halanki anya kaary, jaise kii ack ghaatiya vakr, bhee prastaavit aur maanya kiye gaye hain, yeh shakti niyam kaary, jise aamtaur parr "martin vakr" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, kaa upayog bcp kii charchaon mein bahut baar kiya gayaa haye. iss sameekaran mein ghatank b kaa upayog bcp dakshata key soochkaank key roop mein kiya gayaa haih ghatank b jitna badaa hoga, poc fluxes kii urdhvaadhar ksheenan darr utani hii adhik hogi aur bcp dakshata utani hii cumm hogi. isake alawa, sankhyaatmak anukaranon seey pataa chalaa haye kii bee key moolya mein parivartan vayumandaliya coo2 sandrata koo kaafee badal dega.
baad mein, anya shodhkartaon ney kann avakshay aur doobane kii gati key baare mein dhaaranaon seey vaikalpik punardhiran profile praapt kiye hain. haalaanki, martin vakr sarvavyaapi hoe gayaa haye kyonki model joe dheemi gati seey doobata haye aur/yaa asthir carbonic padaarth koo satah key paas adhimaantah samaapt curr detaa haye, jisase doobane kii gati aur/yaa gaharaai key saath punarsanchayan samay-seema badh jaati haye.
martin vakr koo thodaa adhik samanya tareeke seey vyakt kiya jaa sakata haih
jahan "f" p "(" z ") satah key paas ack utpaadak parat seey kann carbonic padaarth key pravaah kaa ansh haye joe gaharaai kshitij" z "[m] key madhyam seey doobata haye," c "p" ["m" b "] ack scaling gunank haye, aur" b "ack gair-ayami pratipaadak haye joe niyantrit kartaa haye kii gaharaai key saath" fp "kaise cumm hotaa haye. sameekaran koo aksar ack sandarbh gaharaai "zho" key liye samanya kiya jaataa haye lekin iss parameter koo aasaani seey "see. pee". mein avashoshit kiya jaa sakata haye.
urdhvaadhar ksheenan darr.
pock fluxes kii urdhvaadhar ksheenan darr paani key stambh mein pock key doobane key wegg aur apghatan darr parr bahut nirbhar karati haye. kyonki pock asthir haye aur isamen bahut cumm nakaratmak utplavan haye, isaliye ise samudra mein gurutvaakarshan key saath basane key liye apekshaakrit bhaari samagri key saath ekatrit kiya jaanaa chaahiye jise ballast kahaa jaataa haye. joe samagri bhaar key roop mein kaam curr sakati haye, unamen biogenic opple (isake baad "opple"), caco3 aur alumineosylicates shamil hain. 1993 mein, ittekot ney parikalpana kii kii antim himnad adhikatam key dauran vayumandaliya carbon dioxide kii 280 seey 200 ppm taka kii bhaari kamee samudra mein aolian dhool (aluminosylicate ballast) key input mein vriddhi key kaaran hui thee, jisane bcp koo majboot kiya. 2002 mein, class aur tirandaj, saath hii saath francois aur anya."jinhone vaishvik talchhat trap detta koo sankalit aur vishleshan kiya, unhone sujhaav diyaa kii caco3, jisamen sambhaavit ballast khanijon mein sabse badaa ghanatva haye, vaishvik star parr urdhvaadhar pock parivahan kaa sabse mahatvapurna aur prabhaavi sahayak haye, kyonki sthanantaran dakshata (gahare samudra mein pock fluxes kaa anupaat satah mishrit parat key nichale hisse mein) uposhnakatibandhiya aur ushnakatibandhiya kshetron mein adhik haye jahaan caco3 samudri burf kaa ack pramukh ghatak haye.
caco3-samriddh kanon key doobane kaa wegg adhik bataaya gayaa haye. inn nishkarshon koo dhyaan mein rakhane vaale sankhyaatmak anukaranon ney sanket diyaa haye kii bhavishya mein mahasagar amlikaran mahasagar calcification koo cumm karke bcp kii dakshata koo cumm curr dega. isake alawa, uposhnakatibandhiya aur ushnakatibandhiya kshetron mein pock niryaat anupaat (oopari parat seey pock fluxes kaa anupaat (ack nishchit gaharaai jaise 100 meater, yaa euphotic kshetra yaa mishrit parat) aur shuddh praathamik utpaadaktaa) cumm haye kyonki oopari parat mein uchch tapman pock apghatan darr koo badhaata haye. parinam inn nimn-akshansh kshetron mein ack uchch sthanantaran dakshata aur poc aur caco3 key beach ack majboot sakaratmak sahsambandh hoe sakata haih labil poc, joe sookshmajeevon key liye taaza aur tootane mein aasaan haye, oopari parat mein vighatit hotaa haye, aur apekshaakrit apavartak poc koo cumm-akshansh kshetron mein samudra key aantarik bhaag mein leey jaaya jaataa haye.
una tippaniyon key aadhar parr joe dietum khilane key dauran uchch-akshansh kshetron mein pock fluxes kii ack badee vriddhi kaa khulasa karate hain aur iss tathya parr kii dietum cocolithophore, honda aur watanabe kii tulanaa mein bahut badey hain, 2010 mein prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa kii upa-archtic kshetron mein prabhaavi pock urdhvaadhar parivahan key liye caco 3 key bajaay opple mahatvapurna haye. webber aur anya. 2016 mein sthanantaran dakshata aur plankton key picoplankton ansh key saath-saath uchch-akshansh kshetron mein uchch sthanantaran kshamata key beach ack majboot nakaratmak sahsambandh kii soochana dee gaee, jahaan dietums jaise badey phytoplankton pramukh hain. unhone yeh bhee ganana kii kii cumm seey cumm 100 varshon seey samudra key aantarik bhaag mein urdhvaadhar roop seey parivahan kiye gaye carbon dioxide kaa ansh nimn-akshansh kshetron kii tulanaa mein uchch-akshansh (dhruviya aur upa-dhruviya) kshetron mein adhik haye.
isake vipareet, baach aur anya.2019 mein aayojit ack mesocosum prayog yeh adhyayan karane key liye kii plankton samudaay sanrachana ney doobane key wegg koo kaise prabhaavit kiya aur bataaya kii adhik utpaadak avadhi key dauran samuchchay kanon kaa doobane kaa wegg aavashyak roop seey adhik naheen thaa, kyonki taba utpaadit samuchchay kann bahut naram they; balki, jaba phytoplankton parr chhoti koshikaon kaa prabhutva thaa tou basane kaa wegg adhik thaa. 2012 mein, henson aur anya. vaishvik talchhat trap detta parr phir seey vichaar kiya aur bataaya kii pock fluxes opple niryaat fluxes key saath nakaratmak roop seey sahsambaddh haye aur caco 3 niryaat fluxes key saath asambaddh haye.
jall stambh mein doobate hue pock key javic apghatan kii darr koo prabhaavit karane vaale pramukh kaarak hain paani kaa tapman aur ghulansheel oxygen (doo) saandratah paani kaa tapman aur doo sandrata cumm, javic shwasan darr dheemi aur parinamswarup, pock fluxes apghatan darr. udaaharan key liye, 2015 mein jall stambh key oopari 500 meater mein tatasth roop seey utplavan talchhat trap seey anya vishleshan kiye gaye pock fluxes detta key saath mars mein sameekaran (1) mein ghatank bee aur jall tapman (i) key beach ack mahatvapurna sakaratmak sahsambandh paaya gayaa.ee.jaba paani germ thaa tou pock fluxes adhik teji seey ksheen hoe gayaa thaa). isake alawa, baach "aur anya."paaya gayaa kii pock apghatan darr uchch (cumm) hoti haye jaba dietum aur" cinecococcus "(hanikarak shaiwal) pramukh phytoplankton hotey hain kyonki zooplankton kii prachurta mein vriddhi (kamee) aur parinamswarup charaai key dabaav mein vriddhi (kamee) hoti haye.
radiochemical avalokan (234vein-adharit pock fluxes avalokan), pavia aur anya kaa upayog karna. 2019 mein paaya gayaa kii martin vakr kaa ghatank bee anya kshetron kii tulanaa mein cumm-oxygen (hypoxic) purvi bhoomadhyarekhiya kshetra mein kaafee chhota thaa; yaani, hypoxic kshetra mein pock fluxes kaa urdhvaadhar ksheenan chhota thaa. unhone bataaya kii bhavishya mein ack adhik hypoxic mahasagar seey pock fluxes kaa cumm ksheenan hoga aur isaliye bcp dakshata mein vriddhi hogi aur iss tarah vaishvik tapman mein vriddhi parr nakaratmak pratikriya hoe sakati haye. mcdonnell aur anya. 2015 mein bataaya gayaa kii antarctic mein pock kaa urdhvaadhar parivahan adhik prabhaavi haye, jahaan doobane kaa wegg adhik haye aur uposhnakatibandhiya atlantic kii tulanaa mein javic shwasan darr cumm haye. henson aur anya. 2019 mein bhee praarambhik vikas avadhi key dauran uchch niryaat anupaat kii soochana dee gaee, jaba praathamik utpaadaktaa cumm hoti haye, aur dair seey vikas avadhi key dauran cumm niryaat anupaat, jaba praathamik utpaadaktaa adhik hoti haye. unhone dair seey khilane key dauran cumm niryaat anupaat key liye microzoplankton aur bacteria dwara charaai key dabaav koo jimmedaar thaharaaya.
bee. see. pee. kii inn kaee jaanchon key bavjood, pock fluxes key urdhvaadhar ksheenan koo niyantrit karane vaale kaarak abhee bhee bahas key dayare mein hain. upa-archtic kshetron mein tippaniyon seey pataa chalaa haye kii 1000 aur 2000 meater kii gaharaai key beach sthanantaran dakshata apekshaakrit cumm haye aur euphotic kshetra key nichale hisse aur 1000 meater kii gaharaai key beach yeh apekshaakrit adhik haye. marce aur anya. isaliye 2015 mein prastaav kiya gayaa kii martin vakr sabhi kshetron mein pock fluxes key urdhvaadhar ksheenan koo uchit roop seey vyakt naheen kartaa haye aur isake bajaay pratyek kshetra key liye ack alag sameekaran vikasit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. gloez aur anya. 2017 mein pock fluxes key urdhvaadhar ksheenan key mapdand parr charcha kii gaee, aur bataaya gayaa kii twilight zone mein pock fluxes key urdhvaadhar ksheenan (euphotic zone key aadhar seey 1000 meater taka) koo naa kewal ack power low model (martin vakr) dwara balki ack ghaatiya model aur ack ballast model dwara bhee achchi tarah seey maapdandit kiya jaa sakata haye.
haalaanki, ghaatiya model aadhi raat key kshetra (1000 meater seey adhik gaharaai) mein pock fluxes koo cumm karke aankata haye. kaiel aur bison ney 2018 mein bataaya kii ghaatiya model (shakti kaanoon model) oopari parat mein pock fluxes koo cumm karke aankata haye, aur ise gahari parat mein adhik karke aankata haye. haalaanki, donon models kii pock fluxes kaa varnan karane kii kshamataaen saankhyikiya roop seey tulaniya theen jaba unhein purvi prashant seey pock fluxes dataset parr lagu kiya gayaa thaa jiska upayog "martin vakr" kaa prastaav karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. poorvottar prashant mein ack deerghakaalik adhyayan mein, smith aitt all. 2018 mein asamanya roop seey uchch sthanantaran dakshata key saath pock fluxes mein achaanak vriddhi dekhi gaee; unhone sujhaav diyaa haye kii kyonki martin vakr itani achaanak vriddhi koo vyakt naheen curr sakata haye, yeh kabhi-kabhi bcp shakti koo cumm curr sakata haye. isake alawa, pichhale nishkarshon key vipareet, kuchh adhyayanon ney upa-archtic kshetron kii tulanaa mein uposhnakatibandhiya kshetron mein vishesh roop seey gahare samudra mein kaafee adhik sthanantaran dakshata kii soochana dee haye. yeh pattern chhote tapman key kaaran hoe sakata haye aur uchch-akshansh aur nimn-akshansh kshetron key beach gahare samudra mein ekagrata antar key saath-saath uposhnakatibandhiya kshetron mein uchch doobane key wegg key kaaran hoe sakata haye, jahaan caco3 gahare samudra mein samudri burf kaa ack pramukh ghatak haye. isake alawa, yeh bhee sambhav haye kii uchch-akshansh kshetron kii tulanaa mein nimn-akshansh kshetron mein pock adhik apavartak hoe.
javic pump mein anishchitata.
mahasagar kaa javic pump samudri burf key madhyam seey satah parr utpaadit carbonic carbon koo samudra key aantarik bhaag mein sthanantarit karke vayumandaliya carbon dioxide key star aur jalavaayu koo niyantrit kartaa haye, jahaan carbonic carbon kaa sevan kiya jaataa haye aur samudri sookshmajeevon dwara saans lii jaati haye. iss satah seey gahare parivahan koo aamtaur parr gaharaai key saath doobate kann ekagrata key shakti niyam sambandh dwara varnit kiya jaataa haye. javic pump shakti mein anishchitata vibhinn parivartaniya moolyon (parametric anishchitata) yaa antarnihit samikaranon (sanrachanaatmak anishchitata) seey sambandhit hoe sakati haye joe carbonic padaarth key niryaat kaa varnan karate hain. 2021 mein, lauderdale ney ack mahasagar jaiv-bhurasayanik model kaa upayog karke sanrachanaatmak anishchitata kaa mulyankan kiya, jisamen ack sandarbh shakti-kaanoon vakr key liye chhah vaikalpik punardhiraan profile koo vyavasthit roop seey pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. sanrachanaatmak anishchitata javic pump kii kull anishchitata mein vayumandaliya pee. see. oh. 2 key sandarbh mein lagbhag ack tihai kaa mahatvapurna yogdan detee haye, joe avalokan seey javic pump charitra chitran mein sudhaar aur jalavaayu model mein isake yaantrik samavesh key mahatva koo ujagar karati haye.
praathamik utpaadan key dauran satah mahasagar mein phytoplankton dwara carbon aur poshak tatvon kaa sevan kiya jaataa haye, jisase carbonic padarthon kaa pravaah neeche kii or jaataa haye. yeh "samudri burf" gahare paani mein vishamjeevi jeevon dwara parivartit, saans lii jaati haye aur avakramit hoti haye, antatah una ghatakon koo vaapas ghulansheel acarbonic roop mein chhod detee haye. mahasagariya paltaav aur ashant mishran sansaadhan-samriddh gahare paani koo soorya kii satah kii parat mein vaapas laataa haye, jisase vaishvik mahasagar utpaadaktaa bunny rahati haye. javic pump carbonic padarthon key grahan, urdhvaadhar parivahan aur punarsantulan key madhyam seey poshak tatvon mein iss urdhvaadhar dhaal koo banaae rakhta haye, gahare mahasagar mein carbon koo sangraheet kartaa haye joe shatabdi aur sahasrabdi samay parr vayumandal seey alag hotaa haye, jisase vayumandaliya carbon dioxide key star koo kaee sou sookshm vayumandalon dwara cumm kiya jaataa haye. javic pump javic, rasayanik aur bhautik prakriyaon key jatil samooh key kaaran saral yantriya charitra varnan kaa virodh kartaa haye, isaliye niryaat kiye gaye carbonic carbon key bhaagya koo aamtaur parr doobate hue kanon key ksharan kaa mulyankan karane key liye gaharaai-nirbhar profile kaa upayog karke varnit kiya jaataa haye.

