batang, sichuan

batang shahar (;), aadhikarik taur parr ziaqiang shahar (;), chean mein chengdu aur lhasa, tibbat key beach mukhya maarg parr chean key sichuan praant key gaaraze tibetan swaayatt praant mein batang county kaa ack shahar haye, aur jinsha ('golden sands') nadee, yaa oopari yangtzi nadee key thheek poorv mein haye. yeh ack oonchaai parr haye.
vivaran, bhugol aur utpaad.
yeh naam tibbati seey ack lipyantaran haye jiska arth haye ack vishal ghaas kaa maidan jahan bhed koo harr jagah sunaa jaa sakata haye ("baa" seey-bhed dwara banaai gaee dhwani + tibbati "taang" jiska arth haye ack saadaa yaa maidan).
ack srot key anusaar cheeni mein naam egg (pinayinah batang) haye, lekin, "samkaaleen atlus off chaina" (1988) key anusaar, ise βl likhaa jaanaa chaahiye, jise pinyin mein "batang" bhee kahaa jaataa haye. ise vaikalpik roop seey ziaqiang key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
shree. aeye. chengdu mein british vanijya doot hossie, jinhone sitambar, 1904 mein batang kaa daura kiya, ney bataaya kii ack chhota saa lamasari thaa aur udyogon mein kaalaa chamada aur ack jou bear (chang) banaana shamil thaa. unhone bataaya kii aabaadi lagbhag 2,000 thee, jisamen lagbhag 400 tibbati ghar aur lagbhag 500 parivaar they, jinamen seey kewal 70 seey 80 cheeni hain."chean, tibbat aur bhaarat key beach paaramparik chaay aur ghode key vyaapaar mein bhee batang ney saikadon varshon taka mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, joe sichuan aur lhasa mein yaan key beach 'chaay ghode kii sadak' parr khachchar trains key liye ack mahatvapurna kaarvaan padaav thaa.
villium mesni ney 1905 mein batang (jise unhone 1877 mein dekhaa thaa) koo 300 parivaaron kii aabaadi key roop mein varnit kiya, jisamen "kewal tibbati aur aadhi jaati key loga shamil they."dou vanshaanugat rajkumar they (cheeni mein" "wang" "raajaa, tibbati mein" "gyalpo" ", shaabdik roop seey. "raajaa" yaa "rajkumar") yunnan key pramukhon key vanshaj honey kaa daavaa karate hain.
shahar kaa purana tibbati naam, maam 'baah, tibbati seey ack lipyantaran haye jiska arth haye ack vishal ghaas kaa maidan jahan bhed koo harr jagah sunaa jaa sakata haye ("baa" seey-bhed + tibbati "tanga" dwara banaai gaee dhwani jiska arth haye ack saadaa yaa maidan).
yeh yahaan adhikansh tibbat kii tulanaa mein germ haye (cumm oonchaai key kaaran) aur jou key kheton seey ghiraa huaa ack anukool, aasaan sthaan bataaya jaataa haye. shahar key aspas kaa maidan asamanya roop seey upajaau haye aur ack varsh mein dou baar fasal kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. mukhya utpaadon mein chawal, makka, jou, gehuun, mutter, pattagobhi, salgam, pyaaj, angur, anaar, aadoo, khubani, tarbooj aur shahad shamil hain. sinabar (paaraa sulphide) khadaanen bhee hain jinase paaraa nikala jaataa haye.
1855 seey 1870 taka tibbat key mission parr rahey abbe august desgodines ney likhaah "sabhi nadiyon aur yahaan taka kii purvi tibbat kii dhaaraon mein bhee soney kii dhool paaee jaati haye. unakaa kahana haye kii bathan yaa batan shahar mein, jisase way vyaktigat roop seey parichit they, lagbhag 20 loga niyamit roop seey soney key liye dhone mein shamil they, isake khilaf gambhir kaanoonon key bavjood.
chadey geden latkan mathh.
shahar key dakshin-paschim mein ack badaa jelugpa chode gaden latkan mathh (kanging see chaa) haye jisamen abb lagbhag 500 bhikshu hain. harr saal nauvein tibbati maheene kii 26 tarikh koo shahar key baahar rangeen "chama" nritya aayojit kiye jaate hain.
itihas aur ranneetik mahatva.
1840 key dashak mein francisi laazar paadari everist regis hook aur joseph gabet aur unake monguar parivartit samdadchimb ney batang kaa daura kiya thaa, joe lhasa mein catholic mission koo phir seey kholane kaa prayaas curr rahey they. unhone ise ack badey, bahut aabaadi vaale aur samriddh shahar key roop mein varnit kiya.
batang ney chengdu key maarg parr tibbati shasson kaa sabse door kaa bindu chihnit kiyaah
spensor chapman iss seema samjhaute kaa ack samaan, lekin adhik vistrit vivaran detaa haih
shree. aeye. chengdu mein british vanijya doot hossie ney sitambar 1904 mein cheeni adhikaariyon dwara anurakshit batang seey tibbat seema taka ack twarit yatra kii, iss vaade parr kii vaha tibbat mein seema key oopar ack pair bhee naheen lagaayega. vaha seema chihn koo dakshin mein aur batang key thodaa paschim mein ack saadhe 31 dinn kii yatra (lagbhag) key roop mein varnit kartaa haye. yeh ack "achchi tarah seey pahane gaye, chaar tarfa balua patthar kaa stambh thaa, jisaki oonchaai lagbhag 3 feat thee, pratyek taraf kaa maap lagbhag 18 inch thaa. patthar parr koee shilalekh naheen thaa, aur jaba maine binaa soche-samajhe tibbati paksh mein lekhan kii talash mein ack andolan kiya, tou cheeni adhikaari turant merey saamane aaa gaye aur tibbat kii or jaane vaali sadak koo roque diyaa. tibbat mein dekhane parr usaki aankh ghaas seey dhake pedh-vrikshon seey dhaki pahaadiyon key samudra seey millie. aur ningching shaan key tala parr ghaati seey [joe oopari mekong kii ghaatiyon koo jinsha yaa oopari yangtze seey alag karati haye] seema kii suraksha key liye 400 tibbati sainikon key shivir kii aag seey dhuaan uthaa. lambe samay taka nireekshan karane kaa samay naheen thaa, kyonki cheeni adhikaari merey jald seey jald jaane key liye chintit they."
1868 yaa 1869 mein aae bhookamp mein yeh shahar poori tarah seey nasht hoe gayaa thaa. doosari or, hossie iss bhookamp koo 1871 kaa bataata haye.
1904 mein chalaa, litang aur batang raajyon koo kramshah taa-chian-luu, litang aur batang mein cheeni ayukton key paryavekshan mein mool pramukhon dwara prashaasit kiya gayaa thaa."batang mein dou pramukh aur kaee" "shelf" "(cheenih hsing-ngo, yaa pinayinah jinj) they joe" "chalaa raajya mein 100 parivaaron key pramukh key samaan pada parr rahate they."tibbati apane pramukhon key niyantran mein they, jabaki cheeni logon koo poori tarah seey unake apane adhikaariyon dwara nipata jaataa thaa, yaa una mamalon mein jahaan donon samudaayon key sadasya shamil hotey hain, mamalon koo vaadi kii rashtriyata key adhikaariyon dwara nipata jaataa haye.
1904 mein francis young husband key tahat tibbat key aakraman key turant baad king sarkaar ney iss kshetra mein ack shaahi adhikaari koo bheja, jisane chean mein manchu king shasakon koo chintit curr diyaa, lekin sthaaniya logon ney vidroh curr diyaa aur unhein maar daala. beijing mein king sarkaar ney taba tibbat koo chean mein phir seey ekikrit karane key liye zining key governor, "tibbat key senaa commander", zaao erfeng koo niyukt kiya. unhein 1905 mein ack dandaatmak abhiyaan parr bheja gayaa thaa (halanki anya sroton kaa kahana haye kii yeh 1908 mein huaa thaa) aur unhone khaam aur aamado mein kaee mathon koo nasht karna shuru curr diyaa aur kshetra key paapikaran kii prakriya koo lagu kiyaah
mesni ney maee 1905 mein bataaya kii ack cheeni dongzi (vaade-gilsah tung-chih) 'prefect' thaa, aur ack dusi (doubleu-jeeh thu-szu) yaa 'mejar' dongling (doubleu-jeeh tung-ling) = 'commandant' yaa 'brigadier general' key sthaaniya rank key saath thaa, joe dou sthaaniya pramukhon parr adhikaar key saath shahar mein tainaat thaa, jinhen yingguan (doubleu-jeeh ying-kuan) yaa 'resimental officer' key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa. mukhya pramukh key paas cumm seey cumm 200 ghudsavaar aur 600 phut key sanic they.
farwari 1910 mein jhaao erfeng ney dhaarmik padanukram key niyantran koo todane key uddeshya seey sudhaaron kii prakriya shuru karane key liye lhasa parr aakraman kiya. iss aakraman key kaaran dalaai laama bhaarat bhaag gaye. haalaanki, sthiti jald hii badalane vaali thee, kyonki octuber 1911 mein king rajvansh key patan key baad, jhaao key sainikon ney vidroh kiya aur unakaa sir kalam curr diyaa.
americi missionary albert shelton koo 17 farwari 1922 koo batang key paas shayed brigedon dwara maar diyaa gayaa thaa. british khojkarta george perera kii 20 octuber 1923 koo shahar mein mrityu hoe gaee.
1932 mein sichuan sardar, liu wenhui (cheenih (cheenih 1895-1976), tibbatiyon koo vaapas yangtzi nadee mein leey gayaa aur yahaan taka kii chamdo parr hamla karane kii dhamki bhee dee. batang mein, kesang tsering, ack aadhaa tibbati, chiang kaaee-shake (pinayinah jiang jeeshi) kii or seey abhinay karane kaa daavaa kartaa haye. 1887-1975), kuchh sthaaniya janjaatiyon key samarthan seey shahar seey liyu wein-hui key rajyapal koo bedkhal karane mein kamyab rhaa. iss kshetra key ack shaktishali "freebooter laama" ney tibbati balon seey samarthan praapt kiya aur batang parr kabja curr liya, lekin baad mein usey vaapas lena padaa. agast 1932 taka tibbati sarkaar ney itna kshetra khou diyaa thaa kii dalaai laama ney bhaarat sarkaar seey rajanyik sahaayata kii maang karate hue usey telegraph curr diyaa. 1934 kii shuruat taka liu wein-hui aur chinghai key governor maa key saath ack yuddhaviram aur yuddhaviram kii vyavastha kii gaee thee jisamen tibbatiyon ney yangtze (batang key kshetra sahit) key poorv mein sabhi kshetra koo chhod diyaa thaa, lekin yaklo (yenchin) jile parr niyantran rakhaa joe pahale nadee key paschim mein ack cheeni antahkshetra thaa.

