
algerian laal ardhchandra

algerian laal ardhchandra ack algerian maanviya swayamsevak sangathan haye jisaki sthaapana 1957 mein hui thee. ise 1963 seey hii antarrashtriya laal cross aur laal ardhchandra andolan dwara maanyata dee gaee haye.
itihas.
aaee. see. aar. see. aur see. aar. aeye. key peechhe kaa sandarbh.
algerian yuddh (1 navambar 1954-19 march 1962), "rashtriya mukti kaa ack asmamit yuddh", mein algerian rashtriya mukti morcha ("front dee liberation national", flun) aur francisi senaa (kirali, 2023) donon seey badey paimaane parr hatahaton aur yuddh apraadhon (nagrik narsamhar, balatkar aur yaatana sahit) kii upasthiti dekhi gaee, jise algeria parr france key aupaniveshik daavon koo dekhate hue, 1954-1956 seey francisi sarkaar ney "algeria mein ack sashastr sangharsh kii upasthiti" koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa, isake bajaay pratirodh koo "ack aantarik sashastr sangharsh" (peret aur baganiyan, 2011; kirali, 2023) key roop mein vikasit karane kii visheshta dee gaee.
manvadhikar sandhiyon key kshetra mein, redd cross (aaee. see. aar. see.) kii antarrashtriya samiti ney yuddh key dauran pakade gaye aur kaid kiye gaye sainikon key raajneetik adhikaaron key liye ladane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. yuddh key kaidiyon key upchaar parr geneva sammelan key samanya anuchhed III (1949) key anusaar, sashastr sangharsh key mamalon mein "antarrashtriya charitra key naheen", donon pakshon kaa jeevan aur vyakti key liye hinsa koo samaapt karane kaa daayitva haye [yaatana sahit], [...] bandhakon koo lena, [...] vyaktigat garima parr upman [...] [sthaapit nyaayik prakriyaon key baahar] nishpaadan key saath-saath ghayal aur beemar logon kii raksha key liye (aaee. see. aar. see. databases, 1949). samanya anuchhed III aage ack nishpaksh maanviya nikaay, jaise kii aaee. see. aar. see., koo donon pakshon koo maanviya sahaayata pradaan karane kii anumati detaa haye (kirali, 2023). jabaki algerian logon ney jore dekar kahaa kii sabhi chaar geneva sammelanon koo athaarah maheenon mein algerian yuddh ("antarrashtriya charitra" koo dekhate hue) parr lagu honah chaahiye, france ney "ack gair-antarrashtriya sashastr sangharsh key astitva koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa, jiss parr samanya anuchhed III lagu huaa" (johnson, 2016) isake parinamswarup, algerian samprabhuta kaa matlab aff. ell. aine. ladaakon key liye bahut alag kanuni bhaagya thaa. antarrashtriya sanghrshon mein, flun sanic koo "raajya key ack saadhan key roop mein dekhaa jaayega; iss prakaar, way hathiyar uthaane key liye" vyaktigat roop seey "jimmedaar naheen honge, aur isake bajaay yuddh key kaanoonon aur reeti-rivaajon (peret aur baganiyan, 2011) kaa" anupaalan "key roop mein dekhaa jaayega. haalaanki, ack gair-antarrashtriya sashastr sangharsh key roop mein, flun vidrohiyon koo yuddh key krityon mein bhaag lene key liye "aaparaadhik roop seey uttardaayi" thaharaaya gayaa thaa. iss prakaar, algerian pariprekshya mein, "adalaton mein pratyek doshasiddhi koo ack nae anyaay key roop mein dekhaa jaayega, aur pratyek nishpaadan koo ack hatyaa key roop mein dekhaa jaayega" (peret aur baganiyan, 2011)
algerian laal ardhchandra kaa gathan.
swatantrata key algerian yuddh seey pahale, french redd cross ("crokes-root fraans", see. aar. aff.) ney algeria key bheetar samajik kalyan, shiksha aur swaasthya seva key liye jore diyaa (johnson, 2016). jabaki chuninda reports seey pataa chalata haye kii sangathan koo francisi yaa algerian logon seey badee aalochana naheen millie, see. aar. aff. kii spasht seema "dhaarmik matbhedon parr kaaboo paane aur sthaaniya algerian karmchaariyon kii bharti" mein kathinaaee thee (johnson, 2016). manvadhikaron aur maanviya mamalon key kshetra mein ack vidwan david forceth kaa tark haye kii raajyon aur unaki sarkaar key beach "aitihaasik roop seey viparyayaatmak" sambandhon key kaaran "rashtriya samaaj (jaise kii see. aar. aff.) kabhi bhee poori tarah seey swatantra naheen they" (johnson, 2016). ack aupaniveshik mission aur maanviya mission" key beach vighatit, see. aar. aff. ney "francisi upaniveshvaad key pott" key roop mein kaam kiya aur kshetra mein vyaapak daman aur arajakta key bavjood maheenon taka yuddh koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa. natijatan, 1956 mein, algerian laal ardhchandra ("chroisant-root algerian", cray) kaa gathan aaee. see. aar. see. maanviya missions kii ack shakha seey kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, aaee. see. aar. see. ney cray kii vaidhata koo maanyata naheen dee, yeh dekhate hue kii yeh redd cross key satrahaven antarrashtriya sammelan mein bataai gaee sharton koo puuraa karane mein whiffle rhaa, vishesh roop seey kii "ack rashtriya samaaj koo ack swatantra raajya key kshetra mein apani gatividhi kaa abhyaas karna chaahiye jahaan geneva sammelan lagu hain" (peret aur baganiyan, 2011). naa tou ack swatantra raajya key roop mein maanyata aur naa hii geneva sammelanon kii sweekriti key kaaran, cray ney algerian yuddh key dauran vaidhata key liye lagaatar ladaai ladee.
sangathan kii sthaapana seey, cray mein pratinidhiyon kaa "manvadhikaron key francisi ullanghan aur algeria mein geneva sammelanon" (peret aur baganiyan, 2011; kirali, 2023) kii nigrani aur reporting kaa spasht lakshya thaa. algerian laal ardhchandra ney chaar muddon parr dhyaan kendrit kiyaah "francisi sainya yaatana key upayog parr vivaad, jail rihaai samarohon kaa manchan, vishal [videshi sahaayata aur dhana key liye aaee. see. aar. see. network] kaa anurodh karna, aur algerian sharanarthiyon kii or seey abhiyaan.(johnson, 2016).  haalaanki, algerian ganarajya kii naee sthaapit asthaayi sarkaar ("governance provisoere day laa republic aljiren", jee. pee. aar. aeye.) kii tulanaa mein cray kaa ack badaa raajneetik kaary thaa. dow. saarvajanik swaasthya aur african upaniveshvaad key vidwan jennifer johnson likhate hain kii cray iss prakaar kaary karegaah
krantikari andolan kii bahut aavashyak samajik shakha, isaki praathamik raajneetik aur sainya pahalon kii prashansa karati haye...] [maanviya aadarshon, siddhanton aur bayanbaji kaa upayog karate hue] rashtravadi uddeshya key liye samarthan kaa vistaar karane key liye algerian raajneetik prashnon koo maanviya prashnon key saath vilay karke (johnson, 2016).
dusare shabdon mein, pahale paschimi shaktiyon kii seva karane vaale antarrashtriya sansthanon kii bhasha aur sansthanon kaa upayog karke, jee. aar. pee. aeye. ack vyaapak antarrashtriya munch (johnson, 2016; kirali, 2023) parr algerian upaniveshvaad virodhi andolan key liye samarthan praapt karane mein saksham hoga.
see. aeye. aar. kii nazarbandi shiviron kii swatantra nigrani.
redd cross kii antarrashtriya samiti kii aavashyakta kaa pratinidhitva 1 farwari, 1955 koo unake pahale mission mein kiya gayaa thaa, jaba sangathan bandiyon aur unake parivaaron koo sahaayata bhejata haye, joe apane karawas key dauran manvadhikaron key ullanghan aur durvyavahar kaa anubhav curr rahey they. iss dauran, ack chikitsa peshevar key saath, aaee. see. aar. see. ney jail key kaidiyon aur karmchaariyon key saath swachchata suvidhaon, chhatravason aur rasoi kii sthiti key saath-saath chikitsa upchaar aur swaasthya seva kii jaanch key sambandh mein baithaken keen. iss mission kii safalata ney raahat, aapoorti, sifaarishen laaeen aur aaee. see. aar. see. key liye 12 maee-28 juuna, 1956 seey 61 nazarbandi shiviron mein jaane key liye phir seey lautane kii ack misal sthaapit kii, jahaan unhein yaatana aur kadachar key saboot mille. yeye nishkarsh 10 janwari, 1957 koo algerian laal ardhchandra kii sthaapana key liye mahatvapurna they, kyonki hirasat kendron mein manvadhikaron kii nigrani key liye algerian kshetron mein adhik susangat upasthiti kii aavashyakta thee.
1955 key vasant mein, francisi adhikaariyon ney apatkal kii sthiti ghoshit curr dee aur sahaanubhooti rakhane vaalon koo nazarbandi shiviron ("center dee 'hebergment" yaa awas kendron) (kirali, 2023) mein nirvaasit curr diyaa. vishesh roop seey sangharsh key shuruati charanon key dauran, algerian bandiyon koo "yuddh key kaidiyon" key roop mein maanyata naheen dee gaee thee.aspashtata key madhyam seey, francisi jail adhikaari" "manmaane dhang seey hirasat mein lene aur antarrashtriya maanviya kaanoon [vishesh roop seey yaatana] key ghor ullanghan" "(kirali, 2023) kaa upayog karane mein saksham they. iss neeti koo sahee karane key liye, aaee. see. aar. see. key pratinidhiyon ney "francisi guaranti praapt karane kii maang kii kii khule taur parr hathiyar rakhate hue pakade gaye aff. ell. aine. ladaakon koo antarrashtriya sashastr sangharsh mein yuddh key kaidiyon key samaan suraksha dee jaayegi" (peret aur baganiyan, 2011). jabaki francisi adhikaariyon ney aaee. see. aar. see. pratinidhiyon koo anumati dee, way vishesh roop seey kewal "shiviron key bheetar hirasat kii sharton kii jaanch karane key liye adhikrit they, naa kii karawas key karanon kii; kaidiyon aur unake parivaaron key beach patrachar, aur [...] bandiyon aur unake parivaaron koo sahaayata vitarit karein "(peret aur baganiyan, 2011) sabse adhik chintajanak roop seey, aaee. see. aar. see. koo yeh sunishchit karna thaa kii unake nishkarsh aur sifaarishen francisi sarkari adhikaariyon key beach gopaniya roop seey rakhee jaani chaahiye.
inn guaranti key saath, pahala mission (23 farwari 1955 seey 30 march 1955), morakko mein 41 shiviron aur lagbhag 2,000 kaidiyon (johnson, 2016) koo cover kartaa thaa. "aaee. see. aar. see. key sadasya sambhaavit durvyavahar key baare mein bandiyon kaa sakshatkar karane, kaidiyon key swaasthya koo satyaapit karane key liye chikitsakon kaa upayog karane aur jail adhikaariyon koo sifaarishen karane mein saksham they" (peret aur baganiyan, 2011) teen varshon key dauran, aaee. see. aar. see. ney france parr dabaav daala kii vaha algeria mein ar koo phir seey ekikrit karey "" ekmatra kanuni dhaanche mein joe hinsa koo shamil curr sakata haye-ack antarrashtriya maanviya kaanoon.19 march 1958 koo, algeria mein francisi balon key tatkalin commander-inn-cheef ney khule taur parr hathiyar rakhate hue anya ladaakon key liye" "vishesh shiviron" "key nirmaan kaa adesh diyaa, jisane yaatana key krityon koo pratibandhit curr diyaa. aaee. see. aar. see., aff. ell. aine. aur anya sainya adhikaariyon key beach kaskar sthaapit network key kaaran algeria mein saikadon nazarbandi shiviron aur hirasat sthalon kaa daura karate hue, aaee. see. aar. see. ney vishva star parr sthaapit yuddh key kaanoonon kaa sammaan karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. isake alawa, jabaki kaidiyon kaa adaan-pradaan shayed hii kabhi huaa (flun ladaakon koo vaidhata dene key liye), poorv algerian dhanush aur unake parivaaron seey vidwan raafele shakha seey sakshatkar samagri, iss baat parr prakaash daalati haye kii kaise algerian kaidi aaee. see. aar. see. aur francisi sainya senaa (johnson, 2016) key beach ack kendriya saudebaji chip they. vyaapak roop seey prachaarit kaidi-rihaai samarohon key madhyam seey, yeh nayaa coverage ack "ganana kii gaee prachaar prayaas thee jiska uddeshya antarrashtriya janmat koo jeetana thaa" aur yuddh key kaanoonon key liye pratibaddh thaa (johnson, 2016).
haalaanki, francisi samachar patra "leey monde" dwara algeria mein aaee. see. aar. see. key saatven mission parr gopaniya reports key prakaashan ney francisi sarkaar, aaee. see. aar. see. aur aff. ell. aine. (kirali, 2023) key beach najuk santulan koo toda diyaa. aparyaapt jail sthitiyon kii report, aur yaatana aur jabaran gayab honey key mamalon key saath, iss leak hui report mein aage kii fracture thee jise itihaaskaar francois peret aur francois baganiyan ney "[franch rashtriya] fault line kaa sabse dardanaak hissa" (peret aur baganiyan, 2011) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya thaa. kyonki sakshatkar aur nishkarsh ack sanstha seey aae they joe apani tatasthata aur nishpakshata key liye sammaanit thaa, aur nishkarsh tathyaatmak roop seey likhe gaye they, francisi janata aur antarrashtriya samudaay key paas francisi apraadhon key baare mein algerian rashtravadiyon key aaropon kaa pramaan thaa.
algerian sharanarthiyon parr cray kaa dhyaan kendrit karna.
jabaki kaidi-rihaai samarohon ney algerian rashtravadiyon koo yuddh key kaanoonon key prati pratibaddh honey key roop mein madad kii, "algerian sharanarthiyon parr dhyaan kendrit karane seey unhein iss tarah key kroor yuddh key parinamon key liye antarrashtriya sahaanubhooti praapt karane mein madad milegi aur harr mahadweep seey mahatvapurna vittiya aur bhautik sahaayata milegi" (johnson, 2016) chele yojana aur "zone interdite" ("agni-mukt kshetra") key madhyam seey, jisake parinamswarup algerian graameen ilaakon kaa vinash aur saamoohik hatyaa hui, 200,000 seey adhik algerian "bhojan, kapade aur dawa jaisi buniyaadi aavashyak cheejon kii talash mein" apani matribhoomi seey bhaagne lagey "(johnson, 2016), algerian redd chrysant ney sharanarthi mudde koo uthaaya aur iss mudde koo craze key agende kaa ack kendra banaa diyaa. antarrashtriya manchon key madhyam seey, jaise kii 1959 key vishva swaasthya sangathan (joe) geneva mein, cray saarvajanik roop seey francisi sarkaar parr geneva sammelanon kaa paalan karane aur visthaapit nivaasiyon koo unaki mool bhoomi (johnson, 2016) mein vaapas laane key liye dabaav daalane mein saksham thaa. prachaar aur kootneeti key iss advitiya pratichhedan key saath, arab duniya key bheetar aur baahar donon deshon ney davaaon, bhojan aur maudrik samarthan (johnson, 2016) key roop mein videshi vikasatmak sahaayata (germany seey uttar viyatnam taka) pradaan kii. dow. jennifer johnson aage likhate hain, "yuddh key dusare bhaag mein vaishvik pratikriya ack sammohak maanviya sandesh key nirmaan mein algerian laal ardhchandra kii safalata kaa ack shaktishali sanketak haye joe arab gathbandhanon aur upaniveshvaad virodhi andolanon seey parey gayaa" (johnson, 2016).
sangathan kii sthaapana vaastav mein dou sthaanon, tangier, morakko aur tunis, tunisia mein kii gaee thee, jahan rashtriya mukti morcha (aine. ell. aff.) kaa netritva nirvaasan mein reh rhaa thaa. tune key sansthapakon mein seey ack mamiya chantoff theen. apani sthaapana key baad, algerian laal ardhchandra ney 2 march, 1956 koo unaki naee swatantrata key parinamswarup, padosi morakko mein chaalees hazaar sharanarthiyon koo sahaayata pradaan karane mein aaee. see. aar. see. kii sahaayata kii.
evn samjhaute aur aaee. see. aar. see. kii bhagidari kaa anta.
algerian paksh seey, francisi yuddh kaidiyon kii aaee. see. aar. see. jaanch key liye aff. ell. aine. key pratirodh koo samaan pratirodh kaa saamana karna padaa. sabse adhik khulasa karate hue, aff. ell. aine. netaaon mein seey ack, bayne bella ney aaee. see. aar. see. key pratinidhimandal koo soochit kiya kii gurilla ladaai kii prakriti key kaaran, aaee. see. aar. see. kii yaatraaen asambhav theen; iss tarah, aff. ell. aine. ney aayojit francisi ladaakon kii soochiyon key saath-saath unaki sthitiyon (peret aur baganiyan, 2011) key baare mein koee jaankaari pradaan karane seey incar curr diyaa. samvarti roop seey, evian samjhaute (18 march 1962) aur yuddhaviram (19 march 1962) key baad, jisane ack swatantra rashtra key roop mein algeria kii sthiti koo aupchaarik roop diyaa, aaee. see. aar. see. yuddh kii samaapti key baad kaidi vaarta key liye jimmedaar thaa (peret aur baganiyan, 2011). jabaki francisi adhikaariyon ney 3,600 kaidiyon key sthaanon key baare mein aaee. see. aar. see. koo soochit kiya, naee algerian sarkaar hirasat mein liye gaye logon koo aaee. see. aar. see. taka pahunch dene key liye pratirodhi thee. harkis" (joe france key prati wafadar algerian they) key saath-saath europeeya pravasiyon kii saamoohik giraftari key saath, aaee. see. aar. see. ney sitambar 1963 mein apane mission key anta taka, una logon seey milna jaari rakhaa joe abhee bhee kaid hain aur shesh laapata vyaktiyon kii talash curr rahey hain (peret aur baganiyan, 2011; kirali, 2023). navgathit algerian sarkaar key liye, jabaki unhone maanaa kii way "harkis" key khilaf kanuni kaaryavaahi mein shamil naheen hoe sakate they, sarkaar ney mahsoos kiya kii aaee. see. aar. see. jimmedaar naheen thaa, kewal francisi adhikaariyon koo francisi sainikon koo vaapas laane key liye (johnson, 2016).
aaee. see. aar. see. kii aalochana.
halanki, dow. jennifer johnson kaa tark haye kii kyonki aaee. see. aar. see. mein yuddh key bheetar ack raajneetik hissedari kii kamee thee, isaliye sainya karyon kii sifaarishen "apane samparkon key saath achche sambandh banaae rakhane" (johnson, 2016) key liye paryaapt naheen theen, "aaee. see. aar. see. ney sudhaar key liye dheemi sifaarishen keen, lekin kull milakar, inn dabaav vaale muddon key liye ack nishkriya paryavekshak banaa rhaa" (johnson, 2016) johnson aage sweekaar karate hain kii yadi aaee. see. aar. see. ney sahaayata bheji yaa missions kaa sanchaalan karane kaa sujhaav diyaa, tou [sangathan] koo europeeya sarkaaron key madhyam seey anurodh karna thaa, naa kii rashtravadi sangathanon key liye, vishesh roop seey deshon key liye behtar samprabhu abhyaas sthalon key liye, jail shiviron kii nigrani kii aalochana koo samajhane kii disha mein, irik missions kii mukhya visheshtaon koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jabaki 2016 key bajaay, johnson ney paaya kii "inn dabaav vaale muddon key liye ack nishkriya paryavekshak banaa rhaa" (johnson, 2016) ney aage kahaa kii aaee. see. aar. see. ney sahaayata bheji yaa missions kaa sanchaalan karane kaa sujhaav diyaa, [sangathan] ney europeeya sarkaaron key madhyam seey anurodh kiye they, naa hii europeeya sarkaaron key madhyam iss prakaar, kyonki aaee. see. aar. see. kii yatra kaa harr pahalu aupaniveshik prashaasan dwara niyantrit thaa, aaee. see. aar. see. mein france key beach sambandh ack sandarbh bindu key roop mein adhik kaary kartaa haye joe maanviya siddhanton key prati francisi "pratibaddhata" kaa pradarshan kartaa haye, naa kii isake paalan kaa."
algerian laal ardhchandra mission.
1957 mein algerian laal ardhchandra key gathan key baad seey, sangathan poore algeria mein maanviya sahaayata pradaan karane mein sakriya rhaa haye. jaisa kii piyare gaylard ney algerian laal ardhchandra key saath apane vyaktigat anubhav seey tippani kii jaba 1962 mein airline ell all seey ack israeli vimaan koo algiers mein apaharan curr liya gayaa thaa, algerian laal ardhchandra icrc pratinidhi koo praapt karane key saath-saath abhiyojan key liye jimmedaar logon koo nirdeshit karane mein sakriya thaa, joe algerian logon kii suraksha koo prabhaavi dhang seey sanrakshit kartaa thaa.
haal hii mein, 18 octuber, 2008 koo, algerian laal ardhchandra ney gharda key kshetra mein ack vinashkari bhuskhalan kaa jawab diyaa, jisake parinamswarup ack darjan hataahat hue, saath hii ack hazaar seey adhik algerian visthaapit hue. chaar sou pachas seey adhik algerian laal ardhchandra key sadasyon ney nagrikon koo nikalkar, praathamik sahaayata pradaan karke aur asthaayi awas, jall shodhan kii goliyaan, swachchata aapoorti, kambal, rasoi key bartan, buniyaadi swaasthya dekhbhal aur manovaigyaanik sahaayata karyakramon sahit aapaatkaaleen raahat vitarit karke raahat prayason mein yogdan diyaa.
3 juuna, 2016 koo, sangathan ney pahale seey hii samajik roop seey vargeekrit upa-gaanv bastiyon (hemax) key bhookamp seey prabhaavit honey key baad vilaaya dee media kshetra mein tizzy mahadi, bauichaune, baucharahil aur guelb ell kebir key samudaayon koo poshan sahaayata key paanch sou parcel pradaan kiye.

