
johns brij

villium aeye. johns memorial brij, jise aamtaur parr johns brij key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack dhanushakar guarder pull haye joe manila, phillippeans shahar mein passig nadee parr faila huaa haye. iska naam sanyukt raajya america key vidhaayak villium atkinson johns key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye, jinhone yuu. aiss. key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya thaa.aiss. dweepeeya mamalon kii sadan samiti jisane pahale phillippeans parr adhikaar kshetra kaa prayog kiya thaa aur johns kaanoon key pramukh lekhak they jisane desh koo sanyukt raajya seey vidhaayi swaayatta dee thee. 1910 key dashak mein aitihaasik puente dee espen (spen kaa pull) koo badalane key liye banaaya gayaa, yeh pull binondo jile mein quintin paredes sadak koo ermita jile mein padre bergos avenue seey jodata haye.
mool roop seey philipino vastukar juan aim dwara design kiya gayaa thaa. francisi neoclassical vastukala kaa upayog karate hue, pull key pahale avtaar mein dou bhaari ghaaton parr teen mehrab hain, joe nakali patthar aur concreet key aabhushanon seey sajaae gaye hain, saath hii concreet key aadhar stambhon parr chaar moortiyaan hain joe roopak roop seey matritva aur rashtriyata kaa pratinidhitva karati hain. mool pull koo dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran japani sainikon koo peechhe hataakar nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur 1946 mein yuu. aiss. dwara iska punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. aur phillippeans saarvajanik kaary. punarnirmit pull ney teen mehraabon aur dou ghaaton koo barkarar rakhaa lekin sabhi aabhushanon koo hataa diyaa. pull koo pahali baar 1998 mein aanshik roop seey bahaal kiya gayaa thaa. 2019 mein, manila kii shahar sarkaar ney peris mein pont alekjendar III key samaan sunder-kalaa vastukala kaa upayog karke johns pull koo apane lagbhag-mool design mein "bahaal" karane key liye ack punarvaas pariyojana shuru kii aur 3 maujooda "laa madre philipina" moortiyon (chauthe koo punarnirmaan kii aavashyakta haye) kii vaapsee kii.
itihas.
pahala johns brij (1919-1945).
johns pull koo mool roop seey 1919 mein manila kii shahar sarkaar key tatvavdhan mein shuru kiya gayaa thaa, isase pahale kii dweepeeya sarkaar, phillippeans key saarvajanik kaary beuro key madhyam seey, baad mein 1920 mein pull key nirmaan koo puuraa karane mein apana kaam sambhal leey. pull kaa uddeshya "puente dee espana" (spen kaa pull) koo pratisthaapit karna thaa, joe spanish aupaniveshik yug key dauran nirmit pahale pull thaa aur 1630 key baad seey usee sthaan parr faile pulon kaa antim avtaar thaa. yeh sitambar 1914 kii bhaari barish key dauran dhaha gayaa thaa, jisane pull key madhya bhaag koo chhedate hue kendriya dhahane koo kamjor curr diyaa thaa. puente", joe kaale nueva (abb ee.tii. yuchengko street), ack asthaayi trus pull kaa upayog karke asthaayi roop seey khula rakhaa gayaa thaa, jabaki nae pull kaa nirmaan quintin paredes street parr kiya jaa rhaa haye.
nae pulon kaa nirmaan manila daniel burnham kii ack master plan kaa hissa thaa, joe shahar kii nadiyon parr jore denaa chaahte they aur unaki tulanaa peris mein seane nadee aur venis kii naharon seey karna chaahte they. iss yojana koo villium ee dwara bahut adhik lagu aur paryavekshit kiya gayaa thaa. parsons, lekin johns adhiniyam key paarit honey parr, philipino vastukar juan aim. arelano ney pull kaa antim design sambhala aur puuraa kiya. 1918 mein johns kii mrityu hoe gaee jaba pull kii yojana banaai jaa rahee thee, aur phillippeans ney usa kaanoon key peechhe vidhaayak key liye maarg kaa naam rakhaa jisane desh koo sanyukt raajya seey swaayatta dee.
arelano ney peris key hauseman key navinikaran key dauran nirmit maargon kii shally mein pull koo design kiya. unhone ghaaton koo dolphin parr ladakon kii moortiyon seey alankrit kiya, jaisa kii seane nadee (jahaan way pahale gaye they) mein pont alekjendar III parr thaa. peris key pont key samaan, unhone pull key donon siron koo chaar aadharastambhon key saath chihnit kiya aur martinez naamak ack moortikaar koo chaar moortiyon kaa nirmaan karane key liye niyukt kiya, jinhen "laa madre philipina" (philipine matribhoomi) kahaa jaataa haye, jinhen peeth parr rakhaa jaayega.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
karyakari adesh sankhya key aadhar parr japani kabje key dauran pull kaa naam badalkar banzai pull curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 41 phillippeans karyakari aayog key adhyaksh george bee. dwara jaari kiya gayaa. 1942 mein vargas. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, japani senaa ney manila kii ladaai key dauran aaney vaale americi sainikon key khilaf pull parr bambari kii. chaar moortiyon mein seey ack moorti vinash key dauran sthaayi roop seey khou gaee thee. yuddh key baad, vaahanon key liye ack asthaayi maarg key roop mein ack bellie pull sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki mukhya pull kaa punarnirmaan kiya jaa rhaa haye.
doosara johns pull (1946-vartamaan).
yuddh key baad punarnirmaan.
1945 key phillippeans punarvaas adhiniyam key paarit honey key baad, phillippeans beuro off public works aur yuu.aiss. saarvajanik sadak beuro ney badey aur gahare steel key girder kaa upayog karke johns aur quezon pulon kaa punarnirmaan kiya. isake puuraa honey parr, donon ghaaton aur ballstrade parr isake mool alankaran mein seey kissy koo bhee bahaal naheen kiya gayaa thaa, aur isake punarnirmaan koo puuraa karane key liye tatkaal jaldbaji mein isake neoclassical saundarya koo ack alankrit vastukala key saath badal diyaa gayaa thaa. teen shesh "laa madre philipina" moortiyon koo bhee hataa diyaa gayaa aur isake aadhar stambhon koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa. ack koo rijal park key bheetar sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa jabaki dou anya koo court off appeals kii mukhya imarat key pravesh dwaar parr sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa haye.
1998 kii bahaali.
1998 mein, phillippeans kii shatabdi swatantrata key utsav mein, pull koo vastukar conrad onglao dwara aanshik roop seey bahaal kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen tatkalin pratham mahila amelita ramos dwara commission kiya gayaa thaa. patthar key ballstrades ney uttar-aadhunik ispat design koo badal diyaa. manila key mahapour lito attenza key samay, steel key gurders koo rotion kiya gayaa thaa aur pull parr vishayagat deepak post jodaa gayaa thaa, jisane mishrit pratikriyaaen aakarshit keen. pull key dakshin kii or key aadhar parr dou phoo kutton koo bhee jodaa gayaa thaa, jisane ise apane mool neoclassical design key vipareet ack cheeni charitra diyaa.
2019 punarvikas.
2019 mein, manila key mahapour isco moreno ney johns pull koo isaki lagbhag-mool vastukala mein "bahaal" karane kii yojana kii ghoshana kii, jisamen teen jeevit moortiyon kii vaapsee shamil haye joe pahale pull kii raksha curr chuki theen, pariyojana key liye daan kiye gaye 2 karod rupaye kaa upayog karate hue. yuddh dwara nasht kii gaee chauthi moorti koo phillippeans key rashtriya pustakalaya mein yuddh poorv johns pull key abhilekhagar kaa upayog karke dohraya gayaa thaa. moreno ney laas kasas philipinas dee akuzar key malik jose akuzar koo pont alekjendar III parr key samaan sunder-kalaa-shally key deepak stambhon koo design aur banaane key liye niyukt kiya. laa madre philipina" moortiyon key liye chaar aadhar stambhon kaa punarnirmaan kiya gayaa thaa joe lautane vaali moortiyon key liye aadhar key roop mein kaary karenge. pull key steel gurders parr bhee marammat aur marammat kaa kaam kiya gayaa thaa.
22 navambar koo pull parr "kritagyata" aur "loktantra" kii moortiyon koo bahaal kiya gayaa thaa. johns pull kaa udghaatan 24 navambar, 2019 koo kiya gayaa thaa, aur aupchaarik roop seey janata key liye khol diyaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, appeal adalat key maidan mein sthit "laa madre philipina" kii shesh moortiyon koo apane mool sthaan parr sthanantarit karane key liye bahut najuk maanaa gayaa thaa. isake bajaay unhein dohraya gayaa, phir juuna 2021 mein apane mool sthaan parr bahaal kiya gayaa.
moortiyaan.
pull kii raksha karane vaali chaar moortiyon koo saamoohik roop seey "laa madre philipina" (phillippeans matribhoomi) kahaa jaataa haye. unamen seey teen koo yuddh seey bachaa liya gayaa lekin unhein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. chautha nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur ise 2019 key punarvikas mein dohraya gayaa thaa. pratyek pratima rashtriyata key vibhinn pahaluon kaa prateek haye kyonki usa samay phillippeans sanyukt raajya america kii upanivesh seey apani swatantrata praapt karane kii or badh rhaa thaa.
yatayat.
johns pull parr shayed hii kabhi yatayat kii bheed hoti haye, joe aamtaur parr parking key ullanghan key kaaran pull key donon siron parr hoti haye. passig nadee nauka seva kii jall basein bhee isake escolta street station taka pahunchane key liye aadatan isake neeche seey gujarati hain. 2013 seey harr saal 9 janwari koo, mahanagar manila vikas pradhikaran prativarsh kaale nazareen key parv key dauran julus key liye kaar maarg seey pull koo bund curr detaa haye, kyonki saarvajanik nirmaan aur rajmarg vibhaag ney utsav key dauran badhate paidal yatayat koo samaayojit karane key liye paas key mccarthur pull koo asthir maanaa thaa. haalaanki, "translation" koo 2020 seey ayala pull mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa, jise haal hii mein phir seey fitt kiya gayaa haye.
ghatanaaen.
1989 mein, yeh pull ack ghaat kaa sthaan thaa jisamen 20 laakh rupaye kii nakadi chori hoe gaee thee, aur dou puliskarmi maare gaye they.
2012 mein, phillippeans key tatarakshak bull ney pull key aspas teen tairate hue shavon kii khoj key baad passig nadee key kinare tairane parr pratibandh jaari kiya. 2019 mein, passig nadee punarvaas aayog ney pull key neeche tairane mein sangharsh curr rahey teen kishoron koo doobane seey bachaaya.

