shurveer kii kahani

"night kii kahani" () geophrey chausar kii "" dha canterbury tails "" kii pahali kahani haye. 
samanya prastaavana" mein shurveer koo teerthyatriyon key beach sarvocch samajik sthiti vaale vyakti key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, halanki unakaa shishtachar aur kapade saral hain. hamein bataaya gayaa haye kii unhone kaee deshon mein lagbhag pandrah dharmyuddhon mein bhaag liya haye aur ack moortipoojak netaa key liye dusare key khilaf bhee ladey hain. haalaanki abhiyaanon kii soochi vaastavik haye, lekin unakaa charitra chitran aadarsh haye. adhikansh pathakon ney unake baare mein chausar key varnan koo "ack vere, parfit gentil nigt" key roop mein liya haye, lekin terry johns ney sujhaav diyaa kii yeh vivaran vidambanapurna thaa, aur usa chausar key pathakon ney anuman lagaaya hoga kii vaha ghodaa ack bhaade kaa thaa. unake saath unake 20 varsheeya bete squire bhee tirthayatra parr jaate hain.
kahani mein aam taur parr nighthood key saahitya mein saamane aaney vaale vishayon aur tarkon kaa parichay diyaa jaataa haye, jisamen darbari prem aur naitik duvidhaaen shamil hain.
srot aur rachana.
giovanni bokkashiyo kii mahakavya kavita "tacida" (puuraa sheershak "tacida delle noje dee emilia", yaa "dha disid, abili kii shaadi seey sambandhit") kahani kaa srot haye, halanki chausar usa kavita seey kaee mahatvapurna vichalan kartaa haye. tacida" mein baarah pustakon mein 9,896 panktiyaan hain, jabaki "dha night kii kahani" mein kewal 2,250 panktiyaan hain-haalaanki yeh abhee bhee "kahaaniyon" mein sabse lambi kavitaon mein seey ack haye. tacida" kii adhikansh mahakavya visheshtaon koo hataa diyaa gayaa haye, aur isake bajaay kavita mukhya roop seey romans kii shally key anuroop haye; koee mahakavya ahwan naheen hain; ladaai aur pauranik sandarbh gambhir roop seey cumm hain; aur inn logon kii vijay, dabi parr hamla, aur dalchini aur archite key liye ladane vaale nayakon kii mahakavya soochi sabhi gambhir roop seey sankuchit hain. shurveer baar-baar sweekaar kartaa haye kii usey iss tarah key vivaranon koo chhodana hoga taaki anya teerthyatriyon koo apani kahaaniyan bataane kaa mauka mille.
iss kahani koo ack veertapurna romans maanaa jaataa haye, phir bhee yeh aisee kahaaniyon kii angreji yaa francisi paramparaon seey spasht roop seey alag haye. udaaharan key liye, daarshanik vishayon kaa samavesh haye-mukhya roop seey bothius key "darshan key santvana" mein nihit prakaar-jyotishiya sandarbh, aur ack mahakavya sandarbh.
yeh kahani "dha canterbury tails" mein bataai jaane vaali pahali kahani haye, kyonki isaki ghoshana "prastaavana" mein kii gaee haye."isake baad kii kahani nashe mein dhut mill malik dwara bataai gaee haye aur isamen ack mahila koo laker dou purushon key beach sangharsh bhee shamil haye. yeh night key register key liye ack seedha virodhabhas haye, jisamen koee bhee abhijaatya yaa shaastriya pauranik kathaaon kii viraasat naheen haye, balki isake bajaay ack manoranjak, baudi fabliu haye, aur ise night koo pareshan karane aur anya teerthyatriyon koo apani kachchi comedy seey khush karane key liye design kiya gayaa haye.
saransh.
dou chachere bhaai aur shurveer, palmon aur archit, creon key khilaf apani ladaai key baad behosh paae jaane key baad athens key duke, thissus dwara pakade aur kaid curr liye jaate hain. unaki kothri inn logon key mahal key meenar mein baithati haye, jisamen ack khidki haye joe unake mahal key bageeche koo dekhti haye. kaid dalchini maee mein ack subah jaldi uthati haye aur usey neeche aangan mein ack maalaa key liye phool uthaate hue emeli dikhaai detee haye, joe inn logon kii saali haye. vaha turant usase pyaar curr letaa haye, yeh sochkar kii kyaa vaha insan haye yaa devi; usaki aahat archite dwara sunee jaati haye, joe phir jaagati haye aur emeli koo dekhti haye. usey bhee usase pyaar hoe jaataa haye. yeh taad koo krodhit kartaa haye, joe maanata haye kii usane pahale uska daavaa kiya thaa. archite kaa tark haye kii vaha emeli seey pyaar kartaa thaa, isase pahale kii yeh sthaapit hoe gayaa kii vaha insan thee, aur yeh bhee kahata haye kii pyaar vaise bhee kissy bhee niyam kaa paalan naheen kartaa haye.
imeli key liye unaki pratispardha key kaaran dalchini aur archit key beach dosti jaldi hii bigad jaati haye. kuchh varshon key baad, archite koo pyrithus kii madad aur salah key madhyam seey jail seey riha curr diyaa jaataa haye, joe kii inn logon aur archite key ack parasparik mitra hain, joe archite kii sajaa koo karawas seey nirvaasan mein sanshodhit karate hain; lekin archite vilaap kartaa haye kii emeli seey door rehna karawas seey bhee badatar haye. baad mein vaha gupt roop seey bhes mein athens lautata haye aur usake karib aaney key liye emeli key ghar mein seva mein pravesh kartaa haye. palman antatah jailor koo nashili dawa dekar butch nikalati haye, aur ack upavan mein chhipate hue, pyaar aur bhaagya key baare mein archit gaanaa sunati haye.
way ack-dusare key saath dwandwa karna shuru curr dete hain kii kise emeli milani chaahiye, lekin inn logon key shikaar dall key aagaman seey way whiffle hoe jaate hain. inn donon koo sankshipt roop seey fansi dene kii yojana haye, lekin apani patni aur emeli key virodh parr, vaha unhein ack tournament mein pratispardha karane kaa faisala kartaa haye. dalchini aur archit koo 100 purushon koo ikattha karna hotaa haye aur ack saamoohik nyaayik pratiyogita seey ladanaa hotaa haye, jiska vijeta emeli seey shaadi karna hotaa haye. senaaon koo ack saal baad ikattha kiya jaataa haye aur inn logon dwara bhavya roop seey bhoj diyaa jaataa haye. tournament seey pahale subah jaldi, palman venus seey prarthana karati haye kii vaha emili koo apani patni banaae; emili dyna seey avivaahit rahane key liye prarthana karati haye, yaa anyatha usa vyakti seey shaadi karane key liye joe vaastav mein usase pyaar kartaa haye; aur archit jeet key liye mars seey prarthana karati haye. yeye tournament key liye niyam nirdhaarit karate hain taaki yadi koee vyakti gambhir roop seey ghayal hoe jaae, tou usey yuddh seey baahar kheench liya jaanaa chaahiye aur abb yuddh mein naheen haye. iss vajah seey, kathakar (shurveer) kaa daavaa haye kii donon taraf koee maut naheen hui thee.
halanki dalchini aur archit donon hii bahaduri seey ladate hain, lekin dalchini koo archit key ack aadami kii talwar seey chot lagati haye aur vaha binaa kissy nuksan key rahata haye. yeye ladaai khatm honey kii ghoshana karate hain. archit yuddh jeet jaataa haye, lekin shukra kaa paksh lene vaale shani key divya hastakshep key baad, vaha apane ghode dwara usey fenkane aur usa parr girane seey pahale hii emeli koo apane puraskar key roop mein daavaa karane seey pahale hii ghaatak roop seey ghayal hoe jaataa haye. jaba vaha bistar parr marr jaataa haye, tou vaha emeli seey kahata haye kii usey dalchini seey shaadi karni chaahiye, kyonki vaha usake liye ack achchha pati banaayega. veertapurna dafan aur shoke kii avadhi key baad, yeye ghoshana karate hain kii palmon koo emeli seey shaadi karni chaahiye, aur iss prakaar teenon praarthanaaen poori hoti hain.
pahala chaalak.
pahala prastaavak yaa pahala prastaavak, inn logon dwara diyaa gayaa ack bhaashan haye, joe panktiyon 2129-2216 mein faila huaa haye, joe kavita kii kathaa koo apane karib laataa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
pahala prerak bhaashan kavita key anta key paas dikhaai detaa haye, jaba naayak archite aur palmon ney emeli key haath key liye apana dwandwa samaapt curr liya haye; archite buri tarah seey ghayal hoe gayaa haye, aur yeye loga emeli aur palmon koo santvana dene key liye bolate hain kyonki way archite key liye shoke karate hain.
saransh.
yeye pratham prerak, "adim chaal", yaa abhijaat varg key darshan key anamya prerak key sandarbh key saath shuru hotaa haye, joe "prem kii mahaan shrinkhala", "kindley enclining", yaa praakritik jhukaav kaa nirmaan kartaa haye, joe madhyayugeen brahmand vigyaan mein brahmand koo ack saath rakhta haye. vaha sabhi cheejon key liye unake uchit samay parr mrityu kii anivaaryata kaa varnan kartaa haye, udaaharan key roop mein ack oak key pedh, ack patthar aur ack nadee key vinash kaa upayog kartaa haye, aur madhyayugeen samaaj key sabhi vargon koo saarvbhaumik roop seey mrityu key adheen key roop mein soochibaddh kartaa haye. phir vaha mrityu kii iss anivaaryata kaa jawab dene key liye uchit tareeke kii charcha mein sthanantarit hoe jaataa haye. inn logon kaa kahana haye kii, kyonki harr aadami koo apana samay aaney parr marna hii padata haye, isaliye apane doston key saath achche naam aur pratishtha key saath, achche sambandhon key saath aur sammaan key saath marane key baad marna sabse achchha haye. imeli aur dalchini key liye yessius kaa aaraam yeh haye kii archit kii mrityu iss tarah seey hui, jisane khud koo hathiyaron key ack karname mein achchi tarah seey burry curr diyaa..
vidvatapurna vyakhya.
yeh aam taur parr vidvaanon key beach sweekaar kiya jaataa haye kii pahala prastaavak bhaashan boethius key darshan parr adharit haye. haalaanki, bhaashan kaa uddeshya kyaa haye, iska vibhinn roop seey mulyankan kiya gayaa haye. kuchh vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii yeh bhaashan, apane boethian tatvon key saath, kewal boethian darshan kaa pratinidhi naheen haye, balki chausar key apane vishvaason kaa, aur boethian aur isai darshan kaa sulah haye, halanki yeh vivaadit haye.
bhaashan koo boethius key "darshan key santvana" kii parody key roop mein bhee padhaa gayaa haye, ack kathaa upkaran key roop mein joe kewal inn charitron seey dalchini aur emli key paatron taka ack vichaar koo vyakt kartaa haye, ack dukhad charitra mrityu seey ack sukhad anta mein sankraman key roop mein, kaise aur kaba thheek seey marna haye, aur yahaan taka kii naa kewal tournament kii ghatnaaon mein nirasha kii abhivyakti key roop mein, balki divya crum mein bhee vaha varnan kartaa haye.
anukoolan aur vyutpatti.
richard edwards kaa 1566 kaa naatak "palman aind archit" iss kahani parr adharit haye, lekin naatak kaa paath khou gayaa haye. kahani kaa ack aur sanskaran 1594 mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh kewal phillip henslow kii diarry mein ack sandarbh seey pataa chalata haye. "villium shekspeare aur johnn fletcher dwara saha-likhit 1613 kaa ack naatak "dha too nobal kinsman" iss kahani parr adharit haye.
johnn dryden ney iss kahani kaa apane samay-aadhunik angreji kii bhasha mein anuvaad kiya. dryden kii pustak kaa sheershak "dalchini aur archit" haye aur baad key kavi dwara alankaran key sammilan key kaaran mool paath seey lambi haye.
alaan platter kii 1975 kii tv shrinkhala "trinity tails" mein kahani koo ack barmed key dhyaan key liye dou yuvaaon key beach ack pratiyogita mein badal diyaa gayaa haye.
yeh kahani una kahaaniyon mein seey ack haye jisane 2001 kii film "aeye night kii kahani" koo prerit kiya, jisamen khud driver pramukh paatron mein seey ack haye.
ise 2003 mein bee. bee. see. kii "dha canterbury tails" key liye bhee anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa. palmon aur archite paatron key naam badalkar paul (chivetel egiophore) aur aiss (johnn sima) curr diye gaye hain, aur kahani koo ack aadhunik jail setting mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa jahaan emily (keele hows) naamak ack jail shikshak key dhyaan key liye donon purush ladate hain.

