
ilet koshika pratyaropan

ilet pratyaropan ack daataa agnyashay seey dusare vyakti mein alag-alag ilet kaa pratyaropan haye. yeh type 1 madhumeh kaa upchaar haye. ack baar pratyaropan key baad, dweepon mein insulin kaa utpaadan shuru hoe jaataa haye, joe rakt mein glucose key star koo sakriya roop seey niyantrit kartaa haye.
dweepon koo aamtaur parr vyakti key yakrit mein daala jaataa haye. yadi koshikaaen aanuvanshik roop seey samaan daataa seey naheen hain tou vyakti kaa shareer unhein videshi key roop mein pehchaan legaa aur pratiraksha pranali kissy bhee pratyaropan asweekriti key saath una parr hamla karna shuru curr degi. iss pratirakshaatmak damankari dawa kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. 2005 key ack adhyayan seey pataa chalaa haye kii dweep pratyaropan iss hudd taka aage badhaa haye kii operation key ack saal baad 58 pratishat loga insulin seey swatantra they. 2016 mein prakaashit ack sameeksha mein 2005-2012 mein prakaashit pramukh pratyaropan kendron key paanch adhyayanon mein paanch saal baad insulin kii swatantrata kii darr 50-70% bataai gaee.
1999 seey 2004 kii avadhi mein, type 1 madhumeh vaale 471 logon koo duniya bhar key 43 sansthanon mein ilet pratyaropan praapt huaa.
juuna 2023 mein sanyukt raajya america mein chikitsa upayog key liye donicellel (lantidra) allogenic (daataa) agnyashay ilet cellular therapy koo manjuri dee gaee thee.
itihas.
dweep pratyaropan kii avadharana naee naheen haye.<riff naam = "doubleu. doubleu.cellr4.org/article/128> </ref> jaanchkartaon ney angreji sarjan charles pybus (1882-1975) ney madhumeh koo thheek karane key liye agnashay key ootak koo kalam karane kaa prayaas kiya. haalaanki, adhikansh, dweep pratyaropan anusandhaan key haal key yug kaa shreya paul lessie key teen dashakon seey adhik puraane adhyayanon koo dete hain. 1967 mein, lessie key samooh ney ack upanyaas collegen-adharit vidhi kaa varnan kiya (baad mein dow. camillo ricordi, phir dow. key saath kaam karate hue. lessie) dweepon koo alag karane key liye, bhavishya mein inn vitro aur inn vivo dweep prayogon key liye maarg prashast karna. baad key adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa kii pratyaaropit dweep krintakon aur gair-maanav narwanar donon mein madhumeh koo ulat sakate hain. madhumeh mein agnyashay ilet koshika pratyaropan parr 1977 kii karyashala key saransh mein, lessie ney "manushya mein madhumeh kii jatilataon kii sambhaavit roktham key liye ack chikitsiya drishtikon key roop mein ilet koshika pratyaropan" kii vyavaharyata parr tippani kii. algaav takneekon aur pratirakshaatmak upchaaron mein sudhaar ney 1980 key dashak key madhya mein pahale maanav dweep pratyaropan naidaanik parikshanon kii shuruat kii. maanav dweep samooh key pratyaropan kaa pahala safal pareekshan jisake parinamswarup lambe samay taka madhumeh kaa ulta prabhaav padaa, 1990 mein pitsburg vishvavidyalaya mein kiya gayaa thaa. phir bhee nirantar prakriyaatmak sudhaaron key bavjood, 1990 key dashak key anta mein kewal 10 pratishat dweep samooh praaptakartaon ney euglisemia (samanya rakt sharkara) praapt kiya. 2000 mein, dow. james shapiro aur unake sahyogiyon ney ack report prakaashit kii jisamen lagaatar saat logon kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye jinhone steroid-mukt protocol aur badee sankhya mein daataa dweepon kaa upayog karke dweep pratyaropan key baad euglysemia hassil kiya, jise admonton protocol key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye. iss protocol koo duniya bhar key dweep pratyaropan kendron dwara anukoolit kiya gayaa haye aur dweep pratyaropan kii safalata mein bahut vriddhi hui haye.
lakshya.
ilet pratyaropan kaa lakshya rakt sharkara key star koo niyantrit karane key liye paryaapt ilet koo insulin injection kii aavashyakta koo door karna haye. ack ausat aakar key vyakti (70 kigra) key liye, ack vishisht pratyaropan key liye lagbhag duss laakh dweepon kii aavashyakta hoti haye, joe dou daataa agnyashay seey alag hotey hain. kyonki rakt sharkara kaa achchha niyantran madhumeh seey judee jatilataon kii pragati koo dheema yaa roque sakata haye, jaise kii tantrika yaa aankh kii kshati, ack safal pratyaropan inn jatilataon key jokhim koo cumm curr sakata haye. lekin ack pratyaropan praaptakarta koo pratirakshaatmak davaaon koo lene kii aavashyakta hogi joe pratiraksha pranali koo pratyaaropit dweepon koo aswikar karane seey rokti hain.
nae adhyayanon ney insulin injection kii aavashyakta koo poori tarah seey door karane parr dhyaan kendrit karane key bajaay gambhir hypoglycemic ghatnaaon koo cumm karane kii disha mein apana dhyaan kendrit kiya haye, joe type 1 madhumeh mein ack janleva sthiti haye.
prakriya.
shodhkarta ack mrit daataa key agnyashay seey dweepon koo alag karane key liye atyadhik shuddh enzymon (collegenase) key mishran kaa upayog karate hain. collegeness ghol koo agnyashay nully mein inject kiya jaataa haye joe agnyashay key sir, shareer aur poonchh key madhyam seey chalata haye. iss tarah seey vitarit, enzyme samadhan agnyashay key vistaar kaa kaaran banata haye, jise baad mein chhote tukadon mein kaataa jaataa haye aur tathaakathit ricordi key kaksh mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye, jahaan paachan taba taka hotaa haye jaba taka kii dweep mukt naheen hoe jaate aur samadhan seey hataa naheen diye jaate. prithak dweepon koo phir shuddhikaran naamak prakriya mein bahirgarbhashayi ootak aur malabe seey alag kiya jaataa haye.
pratyaropan key dauran, ack radiologist ultrasound aur radiography kaa upayog kartaa haye taaki oopari pett key madhyam seey aur yakrit kii portal nus mein catheter koo sthaapit kiya jaa sakey. dweepon koo taba catheter key madhyam seey yakrit mein daala jaataa haye. vyakti koo ack sthaaniya anaesthetic praapt hoga. yadi koee vyakti sthaaniya sangyaaharan koo bardasht naheen curr sakata haye, tou shalya chikitsak samanya sangyaaharan kaa upayog curr sakata haye aur ack chhote seey cheere key madhyam seey pratyaropan curr sakata haye. prakriya key sambhaavit jokhimon mein raktasraav yaa rakt key thakke shamil hain.
dweepon koo naee rakt vaahikaon seey judane aur insulin chhodana shuru karane mein samay lagata haye. pratyaropan key baad doctor rakt sharkara key star kii jaanch karane key liye kaee parikshanon kaa adesh dega, aur niyantran praapt honey taka insulin kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.
pratiraksha daman.
admonton protocol mein pratirakshaatmak davaaon key sanyojan kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisamen declisumab (zenapax), serolimus (rapamune) aur tachrolimus (prograph) shamil hain. pratyaropan key thheek baad declisumab antahshira mein diyaa jaataa haye aur phir bund curr diyaa jaataa haye. serolimus aur tachrolimus, dou mukhya davaayen joe pratiraksha pranali koo pratyaaropit dweepon koo nasht karane seey rokti hain, jeevan bhar key liye lii jaani chaahiye.
seemaaen.
jabaki dweep pratyaropan kshetra mein mahatvapurna pragati hui haye, kaee baadhaaen bunny hui hain joe vartamaan mein isake vyaapak anuprayog koo rokti hain. dweepon kii asweekriti koo rokane key liye vartamaan mein aparyaapt saadhan aur pratyaropan key liye dweepon kii seemit aapoorti dou sabse mahatvapurna seemaaen hain. vartamaan pratirakshaatmak upchaar maheenon seey laker varshon taka dweepon kii viphalata koo rokane mein saksham hain, lekin inn upchaaron mein upayog kiye jaane vaale agent mahange hain aur vishisht ghaatak aur avasarvaadi sankramanon key jokhim koo badhaa sakate hain. isake alawa, aur kuchh hudd taka vidambana yeh haye kii sabse adhik upayog kiye jaane vaale agent (jaise calcinurin avarodhak aur rapamycin) samanya ilet kaary aur/yaa insulin kriya koo kharaab karane key liye bhee jaane jaate hain. isake alawa, sabhi davaaon kii tarah, agents mein anya sambandhit vishaaktataaen hoti hain, jaise kii maukhik alsar, paridhiya shoth, anaemia, vajan ghataana, uchch raktchaap, hyperlipidemia, dast aur thakan. gurde key kaary parr vyaapak roop seey niyojit kuchh pratirakshaatmak agents kaa hanikarak prabhaav vyakti aur chikitsak key liye shayed sabse badee chinta kaa vishay haye. madhumeh vaale vyakti key liye, gurde kaa kaary deerghakaalik parinam nirdhaarit karane mein ack mahatvapurna kaarak haye, aur calcinurin avarodhak (tachrolimus aur siclosporin) kaafee hudd taka nephrotoxic hain. iss prakaar, jabaki agnyashay pratyaropan vaale kuchh loga pratirakshaatmak agents koo achchi tarah seey sahan karate hain, aur aise logon key liye madhumeh nephropathy dheere-dheere sudhaar curr sakati haye, anya logon mein shuddh prabhaav (rakt sharkara niyantran mein sudhaar key kaaran jokhim mein kamee, pratirakshaatmak agents seey jokhim mein vriddhi) gurde key kaary koo kharaab curr sakata haye. vaastav mein, ojo aur anya. ack vishleshan prakaashit kiya haye joe ingit kartaa haye kii anya-seey-kidney allographt praapt karane vaale logon mein, 7%-21% pratyaropan aur/yaa baad mein pratiraksha daman key parinamswarup gurde kii viphalata key saath samaapt hotaa haye.
ilet pratyaropan prakriya kii ack aur seema yakrit kii soojan pratikriya haye. dow. melena bellin baal roga endocrinology aur sergery kii ack sahayogi professor hain aur minnesota chikitsa kendra aur masnick bachchon key aspatal key vishvavidyalaya mein ilet autotransplant karyakram key liye anusandhaan kii nideshak hain. unakaa shodh dweep pratyaropan koo type vann madhumeh key rogiyon key liye surakshit aur adhik prabhaavi banaane parr kendrit haye. yakrit mein ilet koshikaon koo daalane kii prakriya shareer mein soojan pratikriya koo trigger curr sakati haye. iss pratikriya seey badee matra mein nae pratyaaropit dweep nasht hoe jaate hain. ilet koshikaon koo khone seey safal insulin utpaadan kii sambhavana cumm hoe jaati haye aur rogi mein phir seey type vann madhumeh key vikasit honey kii sambhavana badh jaati haye. dow. bellin vartamaan mein dou virodhi-soojan davaaon kaa pareekshan curr rhaa haye joe pahale seey hii bajar mein hain yeh dekhane key liye kii kyaa way soojan koo rokane mein upayogi hoe sakate hain joe ilet koshikaon koo nasht curr detee hain.

