
soshal network parr faili afwah

afwah samajik sanchaar kaa ack mahatvapurna roop haye, aur afvaahon kaa prasaar vibhinn prakaar key maanav mamalon mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye. afwah failaane kii prakriya kii jaanch karane key liye dou drishtikon hainh sookshm model aur macroscopic model.
macroscopic model iss prakriya key baare mein ack macro drishya kaa prastaav karate hain joe mukhya roop seey vyaapak roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale delly-kendall aur maaki-thompson model parr adharit hain. vishesh roop seey, humm afwah key prasaar koo samajik network mein ack yaadrichhik prakriya key roop mein dekh sakate hain.
jabaki sookshm pratiroop vyaktiyon key beach sookshm antahkriyaon mein adhik ruchi rakhate hain.
afwah prasaar model.
pichhale kuchh varshon mein, online samajik network samasyaon mein afvaahon key prachaar mein ruchi badh rahee haye, jahaan isaki jaanch key liye vibhinn drishtikon prastaavit kiye gaye hain.
maujooda saahitya kii saavdhaanipoorvak jaanch karke, humm karyon koo macroscopic aur microscopic drishtikonon mein vargeekrit karate hain.
macroscopic model.
pahali shreni mukhya roop seey mahamari model parr adharit haye jahan inn model key tahat afvaahon koo badhaava dene vaale agrani shodh 1960 key dashak key dauran shuru hue they.
mahamari model.
afwah failaane kaa ack maanak model delly aur kendall dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa. maan leejiye kii kull n loga hain. aur network mein una logon koo teen samoohon mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haih agyaani, prasarak aur stiffler, jinhen isake baad kramshah aiss, aaee aur aar key roop mein darshaaya gayaa haih
afwah aabaadi key madhyam seey failaane vaalon aur aabaadi mein anya logon key beach jodee-vaar samparkon dwara prachaarit kii jaati haye. jodee-vaar baithak mein shamil koee bhee prasarak afwah key saath dusare vyakti koo "sankramit" karane kaa prayaas kartaa haye. yadi yeh doosara vyakti agyaani haye, tou vaha prasarak bunn jaataa haye. anya dou mamalon mein, baithak mein shamil logon mein seey ack yaa donon koo pataa chalata haye kii afwah gyaat haye aur unhone afwah koo aur naheen bataane kaa faisala kiya, jisase yeh atkalon mein badal gayaa.
ack prakaar maaki-thompson model haye. iss model mein, afwah aabaadi mein dusaron key saath failaane vaalon key nirdeshit samparkon dwara failai jaati haye. isake alawa, jaba ack prasarak dusare prasarak seey sampark kartaa haye tou kewal aarambh karane vaalaa prasarak ack stiffler bunn jaataa haye. isaliye, kuchh daron key saath teen prakaar kii antahkriyaaen hoe sakati hain. 
beshak hamaare paas hamesha vyaktiyon kaa sanrakshan hotaa haih
pratyek varg mein ack chhote seey samay antaral mein parivartan haih
choonki humm sootra _ 5, sootra _ 6 aur sootra _ 7 koo sootra _ 8 taka jodate hain, humm uparokt seey ack sameekaran koo cumm curr sakate hain, joe saapeksh charr sootra _ 9 aur sootra _ 10 kaa upayog karke avkal samikaranon key ack samooh kii or leey jaataa haye.
jise humm likh sakate hain
sadharan surr model kii tulanaa mein, humm dekhate hain kii sadharan surr model mein kewal antar yeh haye kii hamaare paas kewal sootra 16 key bajaay pahale sameekaran mein ack kaarak sootra 15 haye. humm turant dekhate hain kii agyaani kewal sootra 17 aur sootra 18 key baad seey cumm hoe sakate hain.
jiska arth haye
afwah model manmaane dhang seey chhote darr maapdandon key liye bhee ack "mahamari" pradarshit kartaa haye.
samajik network mein mahamari model.
humm ack network parr oopar pesh kii gaee prakriya koo asatat samay mein model karate hain, yaani, humm ise ack dee. tii. aim. see. key roop mein model curr sakate hain. maan leejiye kii hamaare paas n nodes key saath ack network haye, tou humm sootra _ 21 koo samay t parr node i kii sthiti key roop mein paribhaashit curr sakate hain. phir sootra _ 22 sootra _ 23 parr ack yaadrichhik prakriya haye. ack hii kshan mein, kuchh node i aur node j ack dusare key saath baatchit karate hain, aur phir unamen seey ack apani sthiti badal dega. iss prakaar humm falan sootra _ 24 koo paribhaashit karate hain taaki sootra _ 25 key liye sootra _ 5 mein, sootra _ 27 taba hotaa haye jaba network kii sthiti sootra _ 25 hoti haye, node i aur node j ack dusare key saath baatchit karate hain, aur unamen seey ack apani sthiti badal dega. sankraman matricks node i aur node j key sambandhon kii sankhya key saath-saath node i aur node j kii sthiti parr nirbhar kartaa haye. kissy bhee sootra _ 29 key liye, humm sootra _ 30 khojane kii koshish karate hain. yadi node i avastha i mein haye aur node j avastha s mein haye, tou sootra _ 31; yadi node i avastha i mein haye aur node j avastha i mein haye, tou sootra _ 32; yadi node i avastha i mein haye aur node j avastha r mein haye, tou sootra _ 32. anya sabhi sootra _ 34, sootra _ 35 key liye. 
network parr prakriya iss prakaar haih
humm ummeed karenge kii yeh prakriya network key ack badey hisse mein afwah failaati haye. haalaanki dhyaan dein kii yadi hamaare paas ack node key chaaron or ack majboot sthaaniya clustering haye, tou kyaa hoe sakata haye kii kaee nodes spreader bunn jaate hain aur unake padosi hotey hain joe spreader hotey hain. phir, harr baar jaba humm unamen seey ack koo chunate hain, tou way thheek hoe jaayenge aur afwah koo faila sakate hain. doosari or, yadi hamaare paas ack aisaa network haye joe chhoti duniya haye, yaani ack aisaa network jisamen dou yaadrichhik roop seey chune gaye nodes key beach kaa sabse chhota maarg usa apeksha seey bahut chhota haye, tou humm afwah key door taka failane kii ummeed curr sakate hain.
humm una logon kii antim sankhya kii ganana bhee curr sakate hain joe ack baar samachar failaate hain, yeh unake dwara diyaa jaataa haye
sootra _ 36 
network mein aisee prakriya jisamen achchi tarah seey mishrit aabaadi mein ack seema naheen haye, chhoti duniya mein ack spasht charan-sankraman pradarshit karati haye. nimnalikhit graph sootra 37 key asymptotic moolya koo reviring praayiktaa sootra 38 key ack kaary key roop mein darshaata haye.
sookshm pratiroop.
sookshm drishtikon ney vyakti kii baatchit mein adhik dhyaan aakarshit kiyaah "jisane kise prabhaavit kiya."
iss shreni mein gyaat model soochana cascade aur raikhik seema model, oorjaa model, unake model aur gallum key model hain.
unaki model.
unaki model ack afwah prasaar model haye joe iss ghatana kii pravritti koo punah utpann curr sakata haye aur prasaar prakriya koo prabhaavi dhang seey samajhane aur isake prabhaav koo cumm karane key liye afwah key prabhaav kaa aaklan karane key liye sanketak pradaan curr sakata haye.
maanav prakriti mein maujood vividhata jaankaari key prasaar seey sambandhit unaki nirnay lene kii kshamata koo apratyaashit banaati haye, joe iss tarah kii jatil ghatana koo model karane key liye praathamik chunauti haye.
isaliye, yeh model afvaahon key prasaar kii prakriya mein maanav vyaktigat aur samajik vyavhaar key prabhaav parr vichaar kartaa haye.
unaki model ack aise drishtikon kaa prastaav karati haye joe saahitya mein anya models key samanantar haye aur iss baat seey adhik chintit haye kii vyakti kaise afavaahen failaate hain.
isaliye, yeh vyaktiyon key vyavhaar key saath-saath ausons mein unaki samajik baatchit koo samajhane kii koshish kartaa haye, aur afvaahon key prasaar parr unake prabhaav koo ujagar kartaa haye.
iss prakaar, model, nimnalikhit prashn kaa uttar dene kaa prayaas kartaa haih "ack vyakti kaba afwah failata haye? koee vyakti afvaahon koo kaba sweekaar kartaa haye? yeh vyakti kiss osn mein afavaahen failata haye?".
sabse pahale, yeh ack afwah key anuroop seey damped harmonic gati key prati vyaktigat vyavhaar key nirmaan kaa prastaav kartaa haye, joe prasaar prakriya mein vyaktiyon kii raay koo shamil kartaa haye.
isake alawa, yeh vyaktiyon key beach afwah sancharan key niyamon koo sthaapit kartaa haye.
natijatan, yeh unake model key prachaar prakriya koo prastut kartaa haye, jahaan osn key madhyam seey failane vaali afwah key prabhaav kaa sateek aaklan karane key liye nae metricks pesh kiye jaate hain.