
shelly vee. cremer

shelly vee. cremer, 334 yuu.aiss. 1 (1948), sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya kaa ack aitihaasik mamla haye jisamen kahaa gayaa haye kii nasleeya roop seey pratibandhaatmak awas vaachaon koo kanuni roop seey lagu naheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
yeh mamla taba saamane aaya jaba ack african-americi parivaar ney sent mein ack ghar kharida. lui joe ack pratibandhaatmak vaacha key adheen thaa joe "nigro yaa mangolian jaati key logon" koo sampatti parr kabja karane seey rokta thaa. iss khareed koo ack padosi nivasi dwara adalat mein chunauti dee gaee thee aur yuu key paas jaane seey pahale misauri key sarvocch nyayalaya dwara avaruddh curr diyaa gayaa thaa.aiss. appeal parr sarvocch nyayalaya.
sabhi bhaag lene vaale nyayadhishon dwara shamil ack raay mein, yuu.aiss. sarvocch nyayalaya key mukhya nyayadhish fred winson ney kahaa kii chaudahaven sanshodhan kaa samaan sanrakshan khand nasleeya roop seey pratibandhaatmak awas vaachaon koo lagu karane seey rokta haye. winson ney maanaa kii jabaki niji paksh nasleeya roop seey pratibandhaatmak vaacha kii sharton kaa paalan curr sakate hain, ack adalat dwara vaacha key nyaayik pravartan koo raajya kaarravaai key roop mein yogya banaaya gayaa aur iss prakaar samaan sanrakshan khand dwara pratibandhit kiya gayaa thaa.
tathya.
1945 mein, shelly key naam seey ack african-americi parivaar ney sent mein ack ghar kharida. lui, misauri. khareed key samay, way iss baat seey anjaan they kii 1911 seey sampatti parr ack pratibandhaatmak vaacha thee. pratibandhaatmak vaacha ney "nigro yaa mangolian jaati key logon" koo sampatti parr kabja karane seey roque diyaa thaa. lui cremer, joe duss block door rahata thaa, ney golabari koo sampatti kaa kabja hassil karane seey rokane key liye mukadama daayar kiya. misauri key sarvocch nyayalaya ney maanaa kii vaacha kharidaaron key khilaf apravartaniya thee kyonki vaacha apane mool pakshon key beach vishuddh roop seey ack niji samjhauta thaa. iss prakaar, yeh "bhoomi key saath chalaa" aur baad key maalikon key khilaf lagu kiya jaa sakata thaa. isake alawa, choonki yeh kewal ack vyakti key bajaay ack sampatti key paksh mein chalaa, isaliye ise kissy teesare paksh key khilaf lagu kiya jaa sakata thaa. isi tarah kaa ack paridrishya saathi mamle "mcgv vee mein huaa. sips "detroit, mishigan seey, jahan mcg ney aisee sampatti kharidi joe ack samaan pratibandhaatmak vaacha key adheen thee. usa mamle mein, mishigan key sarvocch nyayalaya ney bhee vaachaon koo lagu karane yogya maanaa.
sarvocch nyayalaya ney samekit "shelly banaam. cremer "aur" mcg vee. maukhik tarkon key liye mamalon koo sipe karein aur dou prashnon parr vichaar kiyaah
kanuni pratinidhitva.
george ell. wonn ack ashwet vakeel they jinhone jey kaa pratinidhitva kiya. dee. sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya mein shelly. mcgee key liye mamle kaa tark dene vaale vakeel thurgood marshel aur lorren miller they. sanyukt raajya america key solicitor general, phillip pearlman, jinhone iss mamle mein tark diyaa kii pratibandhaatmak vaachaaen asamvaidhaanik theen, ney pahale 1925 mein baltimore key shahar key solicitor key roop mein shahar sarkaar key algaav key prayason kaa samarthan karane key liye kaam kiya thaa.
solicitor general kaa sankshipt vivaran.
yuu.aiss. solicitor general key karyalaya ney pahali baar nagrik adhikaar mamle mein golabari key samarthan mein ack "nyaaymitra" ("adalat kaa mitra") sankshipt roop seey daayar kiya. sanyukt raajya sarkaar kii or seey daayar solicitor general kaa sankshipt vivaran chaar yahudi vakeelon dwara likhaa gayaa thaah phillip elman, auskar aich. davis, hilbert pee. zarki, aur steinly aim. silverberg. haalaanki, solicitor general key karyalaya ney sankshipt mein seey unake naamon koo hataane kaa faisala kiya. upa solicitor general arnold raum, joe yahudi bhee they, ney kahaa kii yeh "kaafee buraa thaa kii [solicitor general phillip] pearlman kaa naam honah chaahiye, usa parr ack yahudi kaa naam honah chaahiye, lekin aapane chaar aur yahudi naam bhee lagaae hain. aisaa lagata haye kii nyaay vibhaag mein yahudi vakeelon kaa ack samooh ise saamane rakhta haye."
nirnay.
3 maee, 1948 koo sarvocch nyayalaya ney golabari key paksh mein sarvasammat 6-0 nirnay jaari kiya. sarvocch nyayalaya ney kahaa kii [nasleeya] pratibandhaatmak samjhauton koo, akele khade hocker, chaudahaven sanshodhan dwara yachikakartaon koo guaranteekrit kissy bhee adhikaar kaa ullanghan naheen maanaa jaa sakata haye."niji paksh iss tarah kii pratibandhaatmak vaacha kii sharton kaa paalan curr sakate hain, lekin way iss tarah kii vaacha key nyaayik pravartan kii maang naheen curr sakate hain, kyonki yeh ack raajya kaarravaai hogi. kyonki iss tarah kii raajya kaarravaai bhedbhavpurna hogi, isaliye raajya adalat mein nasleeya aadhar parr pratibandhaatmak vaacha kaa pravartan sanyukt raajya key samvidhaan key chaudahaven sanshodhan key samaan sanrakshan khand kaa ullanghan karega.
adalat ney iss tark koo khariz curr diyaa kii choonki raajya adaalaten gorey logon key khilaf ack pratibandhaatmak vaacha lagu karengi, pratibandhaatmak vaachaon kaa nyaayik pravartan samaan sanrakshan khand kaa ullanghan naheen karega. adalat ney nott kiya kii chaudahavaan sanshodhan vyaktigat adhikaaron kii guaranti detaa haye, aur yeh kii asamaantaon koo lagu karke kaanoon kaa samaan sanrakshan praapt naheen kiya jaataa haih
saathi mamle.
"baadha vee. hodge "aur" eurciolo vee. hodge "columbia jile key saathi mamle they. samaan sanrakshan khand spasht roop seey ack yuu parr lagu naheen hotaa haye.aiss. kshetra yuu mein naheen haye.aiss. raajya, lekin adalat ney paaya kii 1866 key nagrik adhikaar adhiniyam aur kolambiya jile mein vyaktiyon key saath raajyon kii tarah vyavhaar donon pratibandhaatmak vaachaon koo pratibandhit karate hain.
baad mein kaanoon.
1968 mein congress ney nishpaksh awas adhiniyam lagu kiya, jisane awas mein nasleeya-bhedbhavpurna vaachaon koo radd curr diyaa aur unhein avaidh banaa diyaa.
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
2010 mein, jeffrey aiss. copeland ney "olivia kii kahaaneeh shelle banaam key peechhe nayakon kii sajish" prakaashit kii. cremer, "shelly banaam taka kii ghatnaaon kaa ack saahityik gair-kathaa vivaran. cremer "mamla. 2017 mein, ack vrittachitra film banaai gaee thee jiska sheershak thaa "dha story off shelly vee. cremer. film kii patkatha copeland dwara likhi gaee thee, aur iska nirmaan uttari ayova vishvavidyalaya (devdaar fauls, ayova) mein shaikshik praudyogiki aur media sevaaon key audio/video utpaadan seva vibhaag key joe marchesani aur lene cross-tadio dwara kiya gayaa thaa. yeh film "nagrik adhikaaron mein #1: sent mein african americi swatantrata sangram" sheershak vaali pradarshani kaa ack vishesh hissa rahee haye. luis, "sent mein misauri itihas sangrahalaya mein. lui. iss film koo sundance film festival key liye bhee namankit kiya gayaa thaa.

