
shaikshik star

shaikshik charan aupchaarik shiksha key upkhand hain, joe aamtaur parr praarambhik bachpan kii shiksha, praathamik shiksha, maadhyamik shiksha aur tritiyak shiksha koo shamil karate hain. sanyukt rashtra shaikshik, vaigyaanik aur saanskritik sangathan (unesco) shiksha key apane antarrashtriya maanak vargeekaran (aaee. aiss. see.) pranali mein shiksha key nau staron koo maanyata detaa haye (star 0 (poorv-praathamik shiksha) seey star 8 (doctorate) taka). unesco kaa antarrashtriya shiksha beuro desh-vishisht shiksha pranaliyon aur unake charanon kaa ack databases rakhta haye. kuchh desh usee varsh schooly bachchon key liye adhyayan key star koo grade yaa roopon mein vibhajit karate hain.
sangathan.
bachpan aur praarambhik vayaskata key dauran shiksha aamtaur parr bachpan key school kii dou yaa teen-charan pranali key madhyam seey pradaan kii jaati haye, jisake baad uchch shiksha yaa vyaavsaayik shiksha key atirikt charan una logon key liye pradaan kiye jaate hain joe apani aupchaarik shiksha jaari rakhate hainh
nimnalikhit talika mukhya avadhaaranaon kaa parichay detee haye, halanki vibhinn sthaanon parr niyam aur ayu bhinn hoe sakate hainh
shiksha key atirikt charan key liye, dekhein.
sudbury school aupchaarik grade star yaa shaikshik charanon kaa upayog naheen karate hain. isake bajaay, 3 seey 18 varsh kii ayu key chhaatr ack loktaantrik shiksha pranali mein mishrit hotey hain, joe una upkaranon kaa upayog karane key liye pramanan kii ack shrinkhala parr bharosa karate hain jinake liye vishesh gyaan yaa suraksha prakriyaon kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye. yeye pramanan aam taur parr umr dwara pratibandhit naheen hotey hain, balki kshamata key pradarshan seey hotey hain.
desh dwara.
australia.
australia mein, bachche terah saal kii aupchaarik shiksha (saath hii gair-anivarya poorv vidyalaya yaa baalvaadi) seey gujarate hain, joe aamtaur parr 4,5 yaa 6 saal kii umr seey shuru hoti haye, aur 17,18 yaa 19 saal kii umr mein samaapt hoti haye.
nyu south wells (aine. aiss. doubleu.), paschimi australia (doubleu. aeye.), dakshin australia (aiss. aeye.), victoria (wick) aur queensland (kyu. ell. dee.) aur tasmania (tii. aeye. aiss.) mein praathamik vidyalaya baalvaadi (aine. aiss. doubleu.)/poorv-praathamik (doubleu. aeye.)/swaagat (aiss. aeye.)/taiyari (vee. see., kyu. ell. dee. aind tii. aeye. aiss.) aur varsh 1-6, aur maadhyamik vidyalaya, varsh 7-12 (neeche talika dekhein) haye.
australiyai rajdhani kshetra (adhiniyam) mein, praathamik vidyalaya baalvaadi/varsh 1-6 haye, uchch vidyalaya varsh 7-10 haye, aur college yaa varishth maadhyamik varsh 11 aur 12 aur 13 haye (neeche dee gaee talika dekhein).
uttari kshetra (aine. tii.) mein, praathamik vidyalaya sankraman/varsh 1-6 haye, maadhyamik vidyalaya varsh 7-9 haye, aur uchch vidyalaya yaa varishth maadhyamik varsh 10-12 haye (neeche dee gaee talika dekhein). 
bellaroos.
bellaroos mein, sabhi key liye shiksha kii guaranti haye. praathamik vidyalaya 4 saal taka chalata haye, lekin kuchh mano-shaaririk roop seey viklang bachche ack vishesh maanak key anusaar 5 saal taka adhyayan karate hain. form 1 seey 9 koo anivarya maanaa jaataa haye. samanya buniyaadi vidyalaya puuraa karane key baad ack vyakti naukari paane key liye ack vishesh pratishthaan mein adhyayan curr sakata haye. uchch shaikshanik pratishthaan mein pravesh karane key liye ack vyakti koo samanya maadhyamik vidyalaya (sabhi 11 prapatra) puuraa karna hoga aur teen kendrikrit parikshanon koo utteern karna hoga.
brazil.
brazil mein, buniyaadi shiksha key teen star hainh "shiksha shishu" (poorv vidyalaya), "encino maulik" (praathamik vidyalaya) aur "encino medio" (uchch vidyalaya), joe aam taur parr athaarah varsh kii ayu taka poore hoe jaate hain. buniyaadi shiksha koo nagrikta key abhyaas key liye aavashyak nyuntam gyaan pradaan karane key liye design kiya gayaa haye. yeh bhavishya key vyavsaayon koo chunane key liye chetna vikasit karane kaa bhee kaary kartaa haye. brazil mein, grade key naam key baad ack naam "siri" (shrinkhala) yaa "eno" (varsh) kaa upayog curr sakata haye. brazil mein shaikshik charanon koo nimnanusar vibhajit kiya gayaa haih
kanada.
kanada mein, schooly shiksha aadhikarik taur parr kindergarten (yaa quebeck mein maternail) seey shuru hoti haye, jisake baad kuchh praanton/kshetron mein kuchh staron key liye kuchh bhinnataon key saath "grade" hotey hain. jaba grade key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, tou school key varshon koo aamtaur parr unaki mukhya sankhya ("grade teen") dwara sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
(anglophone) kanada mein maadhyamik star key baad, ack chhaatr koo aamtaur parr adhyayan key varsh dwara sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye (i.ee. pratham varsh, dwiteeya varsh aadi.). yadi way snaatak kii degree seey adhik kuchh curr rahey hain, tou padnam aamtaur parr snaatak adhyayan mein pravesh karane key baad seey adhyayan key kiss varsh mein hain (i.ee. pratham varsh key snaatak chhaatr, aadi.). koee bhee chhaatr jisane snaatak adhyayan kaa pahala varsh puuraa curr liya haye, usey uchch varsh kaa chhaatr maanaa jaataa haye.
pratyek praant aur kshetra kii apani swaayatt shiksha pranali haye. iss prakaar, shiksha key pratyek star kaa naam aur pratyek star kiss varsh seey shuru hotaa haye, yeh desh bhar mein alag-alag hoga (jaisa kii pathyakram hii hoga).
praant/kshetra dwara shreni sanrachana.
nimnalikhit talika seey pataa chalata haye kii vibhinn praanton mein grade kaise aayojit kiye jaate hain. aksar, pratyek praant key bheetar apavaad honge, donon samoohon key liye shabdawali key saath, aur pratyek samooh parr kaun seey grade lagu hotey hain.
chean.
chean key janvaadi ganarajya mein (haang kaang aur makaau koo chhodkar), varshon koo teen charanon mein aayojit kiya jaataa haye aur pratyek charan key bheetar punah kramaankit kiya jaataa haih praathamik vidyalaya mein 6 varsh (<unk>) varsh 1 seey 6, phir maadhyamik vidyalaya mein 3 varsh (<unk> <unk>, sankshipt roop seey <unk> <unk>) varsh 7 seey 9, phir uchch vidyalaya mein 3 varsh (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> vishvavidyalayon mein uchch shiksha praapt karane seey pahale uchch maadhyamik shiksha poori karna yaa samkaksh star praapt karna aavashyak haye.
france.
shiksha 3 varsh kii ayu seey 16 varsh kii ayu taka anivarya haye, aur phir 18 varsh kii ayu taka anivarya prashikshan. yeh kaanoon macron presidency key dauran paarit kiya gayaa thaa aur kaanoon koo manjuri dee gaee thee. licey" cursus key anta mein, french snaatak pariksha hoti haye. france mein ack saal mein whiffle honah sambhav haye, aur ise doharaane kii aavashyakta haye ("doguna").
grees.
shiksha 4 varsh seey 15 varsh kii ayu taka anivarya haye. uchch shiksha koo chhodkar, joe kewal saarvajanik vishvavidyalayon dwara pradaan kii jaati haye, shiksha saarvajanik aur niji schools mein pradaan kii jaati haye.
haang kaang.
hangkang pranali united kingdam pranali parr adharit thee, jisamen kindergarten mein shoonya seey teen vaikalpik varsh, praathamik vidyalaya key chhah varsh aur maadhyamik vidyalaya key chhah varsh, isake baad vishvavidyalaya mein chaar varsh they. praathamik 1-6 (<unk>-<unk>) britten mein 1-6 varsh key anuroop haye, aur form 1-6 (<unk>-<unk>) varsh 7-12 key anuroop haye. aamtaur parr chhaatr 5 yaa 6 varsh kii ayu mein praathamik 1 shuru karate hain aur 17 yaa 18 varsh kii ayu mein poorna form 6 shuru karate hain.
hangkang mein, antarrashtriya school usa desh kii pranali kaa paalan karate hain jiss parr way adharit hain, udaaharan key liye angreji school foundation yuke varsh pranali kaa upayog kartaa haye, aur hangkang kaa francisi antarrashtriya school french ikole, college, licey pranali kaa upayog kartaa haye. isake alawa, angreji shabd "form" key baad angreji sankhya kaa upayog aam haye, anyatha cantoni baatchit mein bhee.
bhaarat.
kendriya aur adhikansh raajya board samaan roop seey shiksha key "10+2 + 3" pattern kaa paalan karate hain. iss prakaar, schools mein 10 saal aur junier colleges mein 2 saal kaa adhyayan kiya jaataa haye, aur phir snaatak kii degree key liye 3 saal kaa snaatak kiya jaataa haye. pahale 10 varshon koo aage 4 saal kii praathamik shiksha, 6 saal key uchch vidyalaya aur 2 saal key kanishth mahavidyalayon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye. yeh pattern 1964-66 key shiksha aayog kii sifarish seey utpann huaa.
praathamik shiksha.
bhaarat sarkaar 6 seey 14 varsh kii ayu key bachchon key liye praathamik shiksha parr jore detee haye, jise praathamik shiksha bhee kahaa jaataa haye. kyonki shiksha kaanoon raajyon dwara diye jaate hain, isaliye bhaaratiya raajyon key beach praathamik vidyalaya yatra kii avadhi badal jaati haye. bhaarat sarkaar ney yeh sunishchit karane key liye baal shram parr bhee pratibandh lagaa diyaa haye kii bachche asurakshit kaam karane kii sthiti mein pravesh naa karein. haalaanki, aarthik asamaanta aur samajik sthitiyon key kaaran muft shiksha aur baal shram parr pratibandh donon koo lagu karna mushkil haye. praathamik star parr sabhi maanyata praapt schools mein seey 80 pratishat sarkari sanchaalit yaa samarthit hain, jisase yeh desh mein shiksha kaa sabse badaa pradaata bunn jaataa haye.
maadhyamik shiksha.
maadhyamik shiksha mein 12 seey 18 varsh kii ayu key bachche shamil hain, jisamen bhaarat kii 2001 kii janganana key anusaar 8.85 karod bachche shamil hain. maadhyamik key antim dou varshon koo aksar uchch maadhyamik (aich. aiss.), varishth maadhyamik, yaa buss "+ 2" charan kahaa jaataa haye. maadhyamik shiksha key dou bhaag pratyek ack mahatvapurna charan hain jisake liye ack paas pramanpatra kii aavashyakta hoti haye, aur iss prakaar college yaa peshevar pathyakramon sahit uchch shiksha praapt karane seey pahale aich. aar. dee. mantralaya key tahat kendriya shiksha boardon dwara sambaddh hain.
yuu. jee. see., aine. aiss. aar. tii., see. bee. aiss. ee. aur see. aaee. aiss. see. key nirdesh board pariksha dene key ichchuk ummidvaaron key liye yogyata ayu kaa ullekh karate hain. joe cumm seey cumm 15 varsh kii ayu key 30 varsh taka key hain, way kissy diye gaye shaikshanik varsh key liye maadhyamik board pariksha mein baithane key paatr hain, aur way 17 usee tarikh taka uchch maadhyamik pramaan patra board pariksha mein baithane key paatr hain. isamen aage kahaa gayaa haye kii uchch maadhyamik key safal samaapan parr, koee bhee engineering, chikitsa aur vyavasaay prashaasan jaise yuu. jee. see. niyantran key tahat uchch shiksha key liye aavedan curr sakata haye.
naee shiksha neeti 2020
bhaarat ney 29 julaai koo pichhali shiksha pranali koo unnat shiksha pranali mein badalane key liye ack naee shiksha neeti koo manjuri dee. naee neeti kaa uddeshya 2030 taka schooly shiksha mein 100 pratishat sakal namankan anupaat (jee. aar.) key saath poorv-vidyalaya seey maadhyamik star taka shiksha kaa saarvbhaumikaran karna haye aur 2025 taka uchch shiksha mein vriddhi koo 50 pratishat taka badhaana haye.
pramukh binduh
neeti mein ekal dhaaraon kii peshkash karane vaale sabhi sansthanon koo charanbaddh tareeke seey samaapt karane kaa bhee prastaav haye aur sabhi vishvavidyalayon aur colleges koo 2040 taka bahu-vishayak banane kaa lakshya rakhna chaahiye.
3 saal kii pree-schooling kii shuruat karate hue, rashtriya shiksha neeti 2020 ney cambridge aur aaee. bee. jaise samaan drishtikon apanaae hain, joe samarpit praathamik varsh karyakram bhee pradaan karate hain.
ayu-puraane 10+2 avadharana koo samaapt karate hue, neeti 3-8 varsh (moolbhoot charan), 8-11 (praarambhik), 11-14 (madhya), aur 14-18 (maadhyamik) ayu samoohon key anuroop "5 + 3 + 3 + 4" design key liye prastut karati haye. yeh praarambhik bachpan kii shiksha (jise 3 seey 5 varsh kii ayu key bachchon key liye poorv-vidyalaya shiksha key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) koo aupchaarik schooly shiksha key tahat laataa haye.
rashtriya shiksha neeti 2020 key anusaar, schooly pathyakram aur shikshashastra kaa uddeshya 21veen sadee key pramukh kaushal seey lais hocker shiksharthiyon key samagr vikas key liye hoga. isake alawa, iska uddeshya aavashyak seekhane aur aalochanatmak soch koo badhaane key liye pathyakram mein kamee laana bhee haye.
neeti mein matribhasha/sthaaniya bhasha/kshetriya bhasha koo cumm seey cumm kaksha 5 taka, lekin adhimaantah kaksha 8 aur usase aage taka shiksha key madhyam key roop mein shamil karane kii vakaalat kii gaee haye.
sanskrit koo abb 3-bhasha sootra sahit chhatron key liye ack vikalp key roop mein school aur uchch shiksha key sabhi staron parr pesh kiya jaayega. bhaarat kii anya shaastriya bhaashaaen aur saahitya bhee vikalpon key roop mein upalabdh honge. bhaarat key gair-hindi raajyon mein, chhatron koo hindi vikalp key roop mein seva dee jaayegi, chhatron koo hindi aur sanskrit key beach chayan karna hoga. tamil, telugu, bangali, panjabi aadi. nepal-2020 key tahat bhaashaon parr bhee jore diyaa jaayega.
chhatron koo videshi bhaashaon kii bhee peshkash kii jaayegi. japani, koriyai, russie aadi bhaashaaen. unhein unake maadhyamik vidyalaya mein pesh kiya jaayega. way kissy bhee bhasha kaa vikalp chuna sakate hain jise way seekhana chaahte hain. yeh kadam vaishvik sanskriti koo apanaane aur bahubhashikta key drishtikon parr jore dene key liye uthaaya gayaa haye.
nepal ney videshi vishvavidyalayon key liye bhaaratiya uchch shiksha koo kholane, yuu. jee. see. aur takniki shiksha key liye akhil bhaaratiya parishad (aeye. aaee. see. tii. ee.) koo samaapt karane, kaee nikas vikalpon key saath chaar saal key bahu-vishayak snaatak karyakram kii shuruat aur aim. phil karyakram koo bund karane sahit vyaapak parivartanon kaa prastaav rakhaa haye.
schooly shiksha mein, neeti pathyakram mein badalaav, "aasaan" board pareekshaon, "mukhya aavashyak" koo banaae rakhane key liye pathyakram mein kamee aur "anubhavaatmak seekhane aur aalochanatmak soch" parr jore dene parr kendrit haye.
neeti mein ekal dhaaraon kii peshkash karane vaale sabhi sansthanon koo charanbaddh tareeke seey samaapt karane kaa bhee prastaav haye aur sabhi vishvavidyalayon aur colleges koo 2040 taka bahu-vishayak banane kaa lakshya rakhna chaahiye.
indoneshiya.
indoneshiya mein, bachche 12 saal kii aupchaarik shiksha bitaate hain, lekin kuchh bachche nursory playgroup (jise 2 saal mein kelompok belazar kahaa jaataa haye) mein bhaag lete hain aur kindergarten (jise 2 saal mein taman kanak-kanak kahaa jaataa haye) mein bhaag lete hain.
iran.
irani pranali ney pichhale saat seey aathh dashakon mein kaee badlaavon kaa anubhav kiya haye. aaee. dee. 1. seey pahale, shiksha pranali mein teen star shamil they, jinhen crum mein kahaa jaataa thaah baalvaadi mein ack vaikalpik varsh, praathamik vidyalaya key chhah varsh, anta mein maadhyamik vidyalaya key chhah varsh key baad diploma key saath samaapt hotaa haye. mohammad rezaa shaah pahalvi key dauran kuchh sudhaaron key baad, pranali koo lagaatar chaar avadhiyon mein badal diyaa gayaah kindergarten aur pree-primary school mein dou vaikalpik varsh, praathamik school mein 5 varsh, middle school mein 3 varsh aur anta mein hyee school mein chaar varsh. pranali kuchh pramukh mein diploma kaa sammaan karke samaapt hui, jaise.jee. ganit aur bhautiki.
lagbhag 1996-1997, poori shiksha pranali seey ack varsh cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur ack koo hyee school mein teen saal key baad diploma seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, aggar koee vishvavidyalaya kii degree key liye apani shiksha jaari rakhna chaahata, tou usey pichhale varsh, jise poorv-vishvavidyalaya varsh kahaa jaataa haye, lena padata. iss varsh uchch vidyalaya key chhatron key liye irani vishvavidyalaya pravesh pariksha mein bhaag lene kii aavashyakta thee. phir seey, 2012 key aspas, pranali apani pichhali pranali mein vaapas aaa gaee, jisamen dou 6-varsheeya avadhiyaan shamil theen.
iran mein shiksha key dou aupchaarik charan hainh praathamik vidyalaya (shiksha, "shiksha") aur uchch vidyalaya (shiksha, "shiksha"). hyee school koo 2 bhaagon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haih aeye aur bee. poorvaskooli shiksha anaupchaarik hoti haye, isaliye pratham shreni pratham varsh haye. grade 1 mein (payah 1, "paye 1") jise first class key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye (class aur, "class avaval"), bachche padhane aur likhane kii mool baatein seekhate hain.
ireland.
ireland ganarajya mein, anivarya shiksha key dou star hain; praathamik vidyalaya (see. aeye.)."4-12 ayu key varsh) aur maadhyamik vidyalaya (" "ca"."12-18 varsh). pratyek varg key naam iss prakaar hainh
chhathi kaksha key baad, chhaatr maadhyamik vidyalaya mein pravesh karate hain;
kuchh schools mein, sankraman varsh anivarya haye, anya mein yeh vaikalpik haye.
itali.
itali mein, 6 saal kii umr seey laker 16 saal kii umr taka shiksha anivarya haye. maataa-pitaa kii maang parr, bachche ack saal pahale "schoola primaria" (neeche dekhein) shuru curr sakate hain.
"shishu shiksha":
"schoola primaria" (anaupchaarik roop seh "schoola elementerre):
"schoola seconderia dee primo grado" (anaupchaarik roop seh "schoola media"):
"schoola seconderia dee secondo grado" (anaupchaarik roop seh "schoola superiore):
japan.
japan mein, varshon koo teen charanon mein aayojit kiya jaataa haye aur pratyek charan key bheetar punah kramaankit kiya jaataa haih praathamik vidyalaya mein 6 varsh (<unk>, "shogakko") varsh 1 seey 6, phir nimn maadhyamik mein 3 varsh (<unk>, "chugakko") varsh 1 seey 3, phir uchch maadhyamik mein 3 varsh (<unk>, "kotogakko", sankshipt roop seey <unk>, "koko") varsh 1 seey 3. pahale nau varsh (praathamik 1-6 aur nimn maadhyamik) anivarya hain, aur uchch maadhyamik vidyalaya mein varsh swaichhik hain. vishvavidyalayon mein uchch shiksha praapt karane seey pahale uchch maadhyamik shiksha poori karna yaa samkaksh star praapt karna aavashyak haye.
malaysia.
malaysia mein anivarya shiksha 11 varshon kii avadhi mein faili hui haye aur isamen praathamik aur maadhyamik shiksha donon shamil hain. baalvaadi vaikalpik haye.
malayeshiyai praathamik vidyalaya mein chhah saal kii shiksha hoti haye, jise varsh 1 seey varsh 6 (poorv mein maanak 1 seey maanak 6) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. varsh 1-3 koo star ack (malay mein "taahap saatu") key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye jabaki varsh 4-6 star dou ("taahap duaa") banaate hain. praathamik shiksha aamtaur parr 7 saal kii umr mein shuru hoti haye aur 12 saal kii umr mein samaapt hoti haye. chhaatr varsh 6 key school varsh key anta mein apani pahali rashtriya pariksha, apsar, dete hain. apsar mein pradarshan kaa unaki schooly shiksha phir seey shuru karane parr koee prabhaav naheen padata haye; sabhi chhaatr praathamik vidyalaya chhodane key baad apani maadhyamik shiksha jaari rakhate hain.
maadhyamik vidyalaya aamtaur parr 13 varsh kii ayu seey shuru hotey hain. maadhyamik vidyalaya kull paanch varshon key liye shiksha pradaan karate hain, form 1 seey shuru hocker aur form 5 parr samaapt karate hain. form 1-3 koo "nichale roop" mein ack saath vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye aur form 4 aur 5 koo "oopari roop" maanaa jaataa haye. form 3 mein chhatron koo apani doosari rashtriya pariksha, pee. tii. 3. key liye baithana hoga. phir unhein iss pariksha mein unake pradarshan key anusaar uchch roop key liye vigyaan yaa manaviki kakshaon mein pravaahit kiya jaataa haye. 17 saal kii umr mein 5vein form mein chhaatr rashtriya pareekshaon key antim star, aiss. pee. aim. (shiksha kaa malay pramaan patra) key liye baithate hain. pariksha key "bahasa melayu" (malay bhasha) bhaag mein utteern grade praapt karna anivarya haye; pariksha mein liye gaye sabhi vishayon key liye ack swachaalit asafal grade mein viphalata parinam aur chhaatr koo doharaane key liye form 5 parr vaapas rakhaa jaataa haye. pariksha key puuraa honey kaa sanket haye kii chhaatr ney malaysia mein aupchaarik shiksha poori curr lii haye; malaysia mein adhikansh naukariyon koo surakshit karane key liye ack aiss. pee. aim. pramanpatra aadhar aavashyakta bunny hui haye.
aiss. pee. aim. key baad, chhatron key paas yaa tou form 6 (jisamen 2 saal, nimn aur uchch chhah shamil hain) jaari rakhane yaa matrick (poorv-vishvavidyalaya karyakram) mein pravesh karane kaa vikalp hotaa haye. yadi way form 6 kaa vikalp chunate hain, tou unhein stpm pariksha deni hogi. halanki aam taur parr malaysia mein saarvajanik vishvavidyalayon mein bhaag lene key ichchuk logon dwara liya jaataa haye, ack stpm pramanan antarrashtriya star parr maanyata praapt haye aur snaatak pathyakramon key liye niji sthaaniya vishvavidyalayon mein pravesh karane key liye, halanki shayed hii kabhi aavashyak hoe, iska upayog kiya jaa sakata haye.
mexico.
mexico mein, grade 1 seey 12 koo dou charanon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haih "shiksha kshetra", aur "shiksha madhyam shreshth". "shiksha sansthaan" mein poorv-praathamik shiksha seey laker aathvin kaksha key samkaksh taka shamil hain. "shiksha media uchchatar" nauvin seey baarahavin kaksha taka haye, aur chhatron key star kii pehchaan unake vartamaan semester dwara kii jaati haye, naa kii unake grade dwara.
nepal.
 nepal mein shiksha key charan praathamik shiksha, maadhyamik shiksha aur uchch maadhyamik hain. kuchh kshetron mein poorv-praathamik shiksha bhee paaee jaati haye. aam taur parr, poorv-praathamik star mein nursory aur baalvaadi shamil hain. praathamik shiksha mein ack seey paanch taka key varg shamil hain, jabaki nimn maadhyamik shiksha mein chhah seey aathh taka key varg shamil hain aur maadhyamik shiksha mein nau seey duss taka key varg shamil hain. uchch maadhyamik kaksha gyaarah aur baarah koo shamil kartaa haye. chhatron koo dasavin kaksha mein maadhyamik shiksha pariksha kaa pramaan patra milata haye. nae shiksha adhiniyam key anusaar, rashtriya kaksha 12 kii pariksha kaa parinam school chhodane kaa pramaan patra (aiss. ell. see.) hoga.
newzealand.
newzealand mein bachchon koo 6 seey 16 varsh kii ayu taka 10 varsh key shaikshik nirdesh mein bhaag lene key liye kaanoon dwara aavashyak haye. kaanoon mein yeh bhee praavdhaan haye kii sabhi logon koo 18 varsh kii ayu taka muft shiksha mein bhaag lene kii anumati haye, yeh kaanoon shiksha adhiniyam 1989 haye. bachchon koo praathamik vidyalaya mein paanch varsh kii ayu taka namankit kiya jaa sakata haye, aur chhah varsh kii ayu taka unakaa namankan kiya jaanaa chaahiye. 1 seey 6 saal key chhaatr praathamik vidyalaya mein jaate hain. varsh 7 aur 8 mein chhaatr intermediate, yaa ack sanyukt vidyalaya (varsh 1-8 yaa varsh 7-13) mein bhaag lete hain. muft shiksha key antim varsh maadhyamik vidyalaya mein bitaaye jaate hain (varsh 9-13). newzealand mein dou purani shaikshik charan-sankhya pranali bhee haye; 1950 key dashak mein madhyavarti vidyaalayon kii shuruat key saath maanak 5 aur 6 kaafee hudd taka aprayukt they, jabaki "primer" sankhya 1970 key dashak mein achchi tarah seey upayog mein thee, aur kuchh shaikshanik roop seey kendrit maadhyamik vidyalaya abhee bhee "form" sankhya kaa upayog karate hain.
norwey.
norwey mein bachche chhah saal kii umr mein school shuru karate hain; isase pahale kindergarten swaichhik haye. iss school koo "barnescol" (bachchon kaa school) kahaa jaataa haih
doosara vidyalaya "ungdomscole" (yuva-vidyalaya) haye. iss star parr chhatron koo vyavhaar aur vyavastha key alawa pratyek vishay mein grade key saath mulyankan kiya jaataa haih
uchch shiksha seey pahale key antim school koo "videregande school" (chala rhaa school) kahaa jaataa haye aur yeh swaichhik haye, halanki adhikansh bhaag lene key liye chunate hain. iss star parr chhaatr alag-alag carrier seey sambandhit schools key beach nirnay lete hain. iss tarah key sabse lokpriya school koo aage kii shiksha key liye taiyar karane key liye design kiya gayaa haye, jabaki anya chhatron koo yantriki, bijli mistri, rasoiye aadi key liye taiyar karate hain. inn vidyaalayon mein shaikshik charan phir seey "ack" seey shuru hotey hain aur inca naam vee. jee. 1, vee. jee. 2, vee. jee. 3 aur vee. jee. 4 rakhaa jaataa haye. kuchh adhik vyaavhaarik school kewal dou saal taka chalate hain, aur kuchh chhaatr uchch shiksha kaa adhyayan karane key liye ack atirikt varsh mein bhaag lene kaa vikalp chuna sakate hain. vishisht avadhi teen saal kii hoti haye, halanki kuchh school chhatron koo adhik athletics mein sanlagn karane yaa vaastavik kaary anubhav ekatra karane mein saksham banaane key liye chaar saal kaa karyakram pradaan karate hain.
phillippeans.
1945 seey 5 juuna, 2011 taka, anivarya shiksha key duss saal they; key-12 pathyakram key karyanvayan key saath, ise 6 juuna koo badhaakar baarah saal curr diyaa gayaa thaa. school key saal juuna key pahale yaa dusare saptah mein shuru hotey hain, aur march key antim saptah yaa aprail key pahale saptah mein samaapt hotey hain. phillippeans mein shiksha key teen charan hain-praathamik vidyalaya, kanishth uchch vidyalaya aur varishth uchch vidyalaya.
polland.
1998 seey 2019 taka, polish shiksha pranali koo chhah saal kii praathamik shiksha mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, usake baad teen saal kii maadhyamik shiksha aur teen yaa chaar saal kii vaikalpik uchch vidyalaya shiksha thee. samanya shiksha uchch vidyalaya yaa vyaavsaayik vidyalaya mein bhaag lene seey snatakon koo vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag lene kii anumati milati haye, jabaki way ack buniyaadi vyaavsaayik vidyalaya ("zasadnikza zakola zavodova") mein bhaag lete hain, isake liye isake snatakon koo poorak "liseyam" mein bhaag lene kii aavashyakta hoti haye yadi way vishvavidyalaya kii shiksha key saath aage badhana chaahte hain. 2019 key baad seey, teen charanon koo dou charanon mein milaa diyaa gayaa, joe desh kii poorv-sudhaar pranali mein laut aae. baalvaadi shiksha vaikalpik haye, jabaki anivarya shiksha varsh 0 seey shuru hoti haye. school varsh sitambar kii shuruat seey juuna key anta taka chalata haye, hyee school key antim varsh key apavaad key saath, joe aprail key anta mein samaapt hotaa haye, usake baad poore maee mein "maatri" pariksha hoti haye.<ayu" collum usa ayu kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye jiss parr bachche ack school varsh shuru karate hain.
roose.
roose mein, anivarya shiksha aathh yaa nau saal taka chalati haye aur varsh kii shuruat mein bachcha saat (8 saal) yaa kabhi-kabhi chhah (9 saal) kaa hoe jaataa haye. praathamik vidyalaya kaa pahala charan yaa tou 3 saal (7 saal kii umr seey shuru honey vaale bachchon key liye 1-3 karyakram kahaa jaataa haye) yaa 4 saal (6 saal kii umr seey shuru honey vaale bachchon key liye 1-4 karyakram kahaa jaataa haye) taka chala sakata haye. pahale charan key baad sabhi chhaatr 5veen kaksha mein pravesh karate hain, iss prakaar 7 saal kii umr mein shuru honey vaale chhaatr chauthi kaksha mein bhaag naheen lete hain.
jabaki maadhyamik vidyalaya seey snaatak honey key baad vidyalaya mein rehna anivarya naheen haye, ack chhaatr uchch vidyalaya yaa vyaavsaayik vidyalaya seey snaatak kiye binaa tritiyak vidyalaya mein pragati naheen curr sakata haye.
serbia.
serbia mein, bachche terah saal kii aupchaarik shiksha seey gujarate hain, aamtaur parr 4,5 yaa 6 saal kii umr seey shuru hotey hain, aur 18 yaa 19 saal kii umr mein samaapt karate hain. kaanoon key anusaar bachchon koo usa saal praathamik vidyalaya mein pravesh karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye jaba way 7 saal key hoe jaayenge, kuchh wiggle room key saath yadi bachcha ack nae saal key bahut karib paida hotaa haye. praathamik vidyalaya key pahale chaar varshon mein, bachchon kii apani kaksha hoti haye aur ack shikshak joe unhein sabhi vishay padhaata haye, praathamik vidyalaya key grade 5 seey laker hyee school key paath key anta taka, vishisht vishayon key liye vishesh shikshakon kii sankhya dwara aayojit kiye jaate hain aur bachche apani kakshaon koo harr kaksha mein badalate hain. bachche apana school varsh 1 sitambar seey shuru karate hain aur juuna key anta/julaai kii shuruat mein varsh kaa anta karate hain. apavaad praathamik vidyalaya kii kaksha 8 aur uchch vidyalaya kii kaksha 4 haye jaba kakshaaen kuchh maheene pahale samaapt hoe jaati hain taaki bachche uchch vidyalaya/mahavidyalaya key liye apani pravesh pariksha key liye adhyayan curr sakein. ack bachcha kiss uchch vidyalaya koo chunata haye, isake aadhar parr way adhik kendrit shiksha aur ack peshevar degree praapt curr sakate hain. hyee school anivarya shiksha naheen haye, lekin naukari khojane mein saksham honey key liye kuchh peshevar degree praapt karane kii aavashyakta haye (udaaharan key liyeh nurse, taalaa banaane vaalaa, computer network prashaasak, kapada design technician, aadi).)
singapur.
singapur mein, anivarya shiksha duss saal taka chalati haye aur varsh kii shuruat mein bachcha saat saal kaa hoe jaataa haye. haalaanki, adhikansh bachche praathamik vidyalaya mein pravesh karane seey pahale dou seey teen saal kii poorvaskooli shiksha praapt karate hain, jisake baad way maadhyamik vidyalaya mein chaley jaate hain, jahan kewal una chhatron key liye dhaara 5 anivarya haye jinhone apane pee. aiss. ell. ee. key liye ack nirdhaarit ank praapt kiya haye. maadhyamik vidyalaya key liye, teen dhaaraaen hainh express (exp), samanya shaikshanik (naa), aur samanya takniki (aine. tii.), jinamen seey exp aur aine. tii. chhaatr chaar saal taka adhyayan karate hain jabaki aine. aeye. chhatron koo paanch saal taka adhyayan karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. exp stream ack singapur-cambridge samanya star kii or leey jaati haye jabaki naa aur aine. tii. stream ack singapur-cambridge samanya star kii or leey jaati haye. kuchh school ekikrit karyakram bhee pradaan karate hain joe maadhyamik vidyalaya aur kanishth mahavidyalaya koo seedhe singapur-cambridge jee. see. ee. unnat star kii peshkash karane key liye jodata haye. yeh iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii ack dhaara kiss dhaara mein haye, aur kyaa school kii ank kii aavashyakta poori hoti haye, ack chhaatr koo banaae rakhaa jaa sakata haye/aine. aeye./aine. tii. mein sthanantarit kiya jaa sakata haye.
jabaki maadhyamik vidyalaya seey snaatak honey key baad vidyalaya mein rehna anivarya naheen haye, adhikansh vishvavidyalaya mein jaane seey pahale ack kanishth mahavidyalaya, ack polytechnic, yaa takniki shiksha sansthaan (aaee. tii. ee.) mein apani tritiyak shiksha praapt karane key liye jaate hain. adhikansh junier college singapur-cambridge jee. see. ee. unnat star kii peshkash karate hain jabaki kuchh 2 saal key adhyayan key baad antarrashtriya snaatak kii peshkash karate hain.
spen.
spen mein, shiksha koo kaee charanon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haih baalvaadi, praathamik shiksha aur maadhyamik shiksha. kindergarten 0 seey 3 varsh key bachchon key liye school hain, aur aam taur parr niji sansthaan hotey hain, halanki unamen seey kuchh koo saarvajanik dhana bhee praapt hotaa haye ("sangeet karyakram"). praathamik shiksha lagbhag vishesh roop seey praathamik vidyaalayon key madhyam seey dee jaati haye joe 3 seey 12 varsh kii ayu key chhatron key liye shiksha pradaan karate hain. bachche apane teesare janmadin seey poorvaskooli shiksha key hakdar hain, halanki yeh anivarya naheen haye (lekin isaki sifarish kii jaati haye) aur unhein apane 5vein janmadin key baad sitambar seey anivarya shiksha mein pravesh karna chaahiye. chhatron key liye shuruati tarikh mein kuchh chhoot haye.
praathamik vidyalaya key anivarya khand mein shiksha 6 saal taka chalati haye, isase pahale kii chhaatr 4 seey 6 saal key beach maadhyamik vidyalaya mein chaley jaaen, antim dou vaikalpik hain. shiksha key charan mein kuchh bhinnata haye kyonki niji sansthaan kindergarten yaa praathamik vidyalaya seey maadhyamik vidyalaya key anta taka shiksha pradaan curr sakate hain, aur saarvajanik dhana key saath niji sansthaan aam taur parr maadhyamik vidyalaya star parr kindergarten seey chauthe varsh taka padhaate hain.
srilanka.
srilanka anivarya shiksha koo lagu kartaa haye aur ack bachche key liye yeh anivarya haye kii vaha 4 saal kii umr taka pahunchane taka cumm seey cumm ack saal kaa pree-school puuraa karey. jaba taka vaha 5 saal kii umr taka pahunch jaataa haye, taba taka grade 1 mein namankan cumm seey cumm 14 saal kii umr taka jaari rakhane key saath ack kanuni daayitva banaa diyaa jaataa haye.
praathamik vidyalaya seey laker uchch shiksha taka mukhya roop seey dou sarkari mantralayon aur mukhya vibhaag dwara vitt poshit aur paryavekshit hain.
tritiyak shiksha.
raajya vishvavidyalayon mein snaatak shiksha nihshulk haye lekin behad pratispardhi, seemit aur maankeekrit haye.
chhatron kaa chayan jilaa aadhar pratinidhitva koo doharaane key liye ack pardarshi rashtriya neeti key tahat unnat star parr ummidvaaron dwara praapt ausat jaid ankon key aadhar parr kiya jaataa haye. pratyek jile key kewal sheersh chhatron koo pravesh milata haye.
sweeden.
sweeden mein bachche chhah saal kii umr mein poorvaskooli kaksha key saath school shuru karate hain; isase pahale kii poorvaskooli swaichhik hoe. 
grade key pahale sett koo "legstadate" (nimn grade) kahaa jaataa haye.
grade key dusare sett koo "mellenstadate" (madhya grade) kahaa jaataa haye.
grade key teesare sett koo "hogstadiot" (uchch grade) kahaa jaataa haye.
uchch shiksha seey pahale key antim school koo "vyayamshala" (chala rhaa school) kahaa jaataa haye aur yeh swaichhik haye, halanki adhikansh bhaag lene key liye chunate hain. iss star parr chhaatr alag-alag carrier seey sambandhit karyakramon key beach nirnay lete hain.
united kingdam.
ingland, wells aur uttari ireland.
ingland mein wells aur uttari ireland kii shiksha koo dou charanon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haih praathamik shiksha aur maadhyamik shiksha. rashtriya pathyakram key bheetar aavashyak mulyankan varsh 2 aur 6 (rashtriya pathyakram mulyankan) aur varsh 11 (jee. see. aiss. ee.) mein hotaa haye. schooly shiksha key baad aam taur parr dou saal kii aage kii shiksha hoti haye-aksar 6 vein yaa 6 vein roop mein college aur phir vishvavidyalaya mein teen yaa chaar saal way loga joe shiksha mein baney rahane kaa faisala karate hain.
ingland mein, bachche yaa tou school varsh yaa school key karyakal mein school shuru karate hain jisamen way apane paanchven janmadin taka pahunchate hain. wells mein, bachche apane teesare janmadin parr pahunchane key baad sitambar mein anshakaalik aadhar parr school shuru karate hain. praathamik vidyalaya bachchon koo swaagat seey laker varsh 6 taka shikshit karate hain, aur inhen shishu aur kanishth vidyaalayon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye. vaikalpik roop seey, bachche niji praathamik vidyaalayon mein jaa sakate hain.
maadhyamik shiksha 16 varsh kii ayu taka anivarya haye. haalaanki, ingland mein aapako purnakaalik shiksha parr lautane, prashikshuta yaa internship lene yaa kaam karane yaa saptah mein cumm seey cumm 20 ghante swayamsevak key roop mein kaam karane kii aavashyakta hogi, jabaki 18 varsh kii ayu taka anshakaalik adhyayan karate hue. schools key vibhinn sambhaavit naam hain, jaise vyaakaran, vyaapak aur maadhyamik vidyalaya, joe chayanaatmak pravesh yaa shikshan shulk kaa sanket dey sakate hain yaa naheen (mukhya lekh dekhein). vartamaan mein chhathe roop kii shiksha anivarya naheen haye, aur sabhi maadhyamik vidyaalayon mein chhathe roop kaa naheen haye. kewal varsh 12 aur 13 key chhatron key liye 6vein form key college bhee hain.
kuchh maadhyamik vidyalaya abhee bhee 'form' pranali kaa upayog karate hain, jisamen varsh 7 pahala roop (yaa 'pahala varsh') haye, varsh 8 doosara roop haye, aur varsh 12 aur varsh 13 taka, joe ack saath 6 vaan roop banaate hain (arthaat nichala aur oopari chhathaa roop). kuchh swatantra school anya namkaran pranaliyon kaa upayog karate hain.
ingland key kuchh kshetron mein, shiksha kii teen-stariya pranali kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisamen chhaatr teen charanon seey gujarate hainh pahala school/nichala school (varsh 3/4 taka swaagat), madhya school (varsh 4/5 seey varsh 7/8) aur anta mein uchch yaa uchch vidyalaya (varsh 8/9-varsh 13)
scotland.
scotland mein shiksha koo dou charanon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haih praathamik shiksha aur maadhyamik shiksha. praathamik shiksha lagbhag vishesh roop seey praathamik vidyaalayon key madhyam seey dee jaati haye joe 4 seey 12 varsh kii ayu key chhatron key liye shiksha pradaan karate hain. bachche apane teesare janmadin seey poorv-vidyalaya shiksha key hakdar hain, aur unhein apane 5vein janmadin key baad agast seey anivarya shiksha mein pravesh karna chaahiye. chhatron key liye shuruati tarikh mein kuchh chhoot haye.
praathamik vidyalaya mein shiksha 7 saal taka chalati haye, isase pahale kii chhaatr 4 seey 6 saal key beach maadhyamik vidyalaya mein chaley jaaen, antim dou vaikalpik hain.
scotland key adhik dooradraj key kshetron mein shiksha key charan mein kuchh bhinnata haye, jahaan school key madhyam seey yaa sansthanon key anya sanyojanon mein praavdhaan kiya jaa sakata haye.
sanyukt raajya america.
sanyukt raajya america mein (yuu.aiss.), "grade" paaramparik roop seey 1 seey shuru hotaa haye aur 12 taka chalata haye; unhein kramik sankhya (ee.jee., pratham shreni yaa pratham shreni). kindergarten ("key") naamak ack atirikt poorvavarti star abb adhikansh kshetron mein maanak haye, aur ack aur poorvavarti star jise poorvaskooli shiksha yaa nursory school kahaa jaataa haye, asamanya naheen haye. wisconsin raajya key kuchh hisson mein, kindergarten koo aage junier aur senior kindergarten mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye.
middle school" shabd key adhik aam honey seey pahale, 7veen aur 8veen kakshaon koo "junier hyee school" mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. kuchh junier hyee schools mein, yaa tou 6 veen yaa 9 veen kaksha bhee shamil thee (lekin donon ack hii school mein naheen).
maadhyamik vidyalaya star ("uchch vidyalaya") parr, 9veen seey 12veen kaksha koo kramshah nae chhaatr (yaa "pratham varsh"), dwitiya chhaatr, kanishth aur varishth key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. maadhyamik key baad yaa "snaatak" star (college yaa vishvavidyalaya) parr, vahee chaar shabd ack chhaatr key college key varshon kaa varnan karane key liye punah upayog kiye jaate hain, lekin college star parr kramaankit grade kaa upayog naheen kiya jaataa haye. americi snaatak aur snatkottar shiksha grade kaa upayog naheen karati haye.
aas-paas kii talika mein sanyukt raajya america mein pratyek grade star kii umr, varshon mein, rekhaankit kii gaee haye. haalaanki, chhaatr kabhi-kabhi grade pratidhaaran key kaaran badey hotey hain yaa grade skipping key kaaran chhote hotey hain.
ack vishisht grade star parr praathamik vidyalaya key chhatron koo paaramparik roop seey ack hii kaksha mein saunpa jaataa haye joe aamtaur parr poore school varsh key liye pratyek school key dinn ack hii shikshak key saath ack hii kaksha mein ack saath rahata haye (halanki shikshak asthaayi roop seey kuchh vishay ikaaiyon, vishesh roop seey vigyaan key liye visheshagyon koo kaksha saunp sakata haye). maadhyamik vidyalaya aur uchch vidyalaya key chhatron koo vibhinn kakshaon mein vibhinn shikshakon dwara padhaae jaane vaale aavashyak aur vaikalpik pathyakramon key mishran seey karyakram banaane kii anumati haye, pratyek vidyalaya key dinn key dauran ack pathyakram seey dusare pathyakram mein jaanaa chaahiye, aur unake pathyakramon mein vibhinn grade key chhatron kaa saamana karane kii adhik sambhavana haye (vishesh roop seey vaikalpik).

