
upa-bhashai prashaasan

upabhaashiya (sankshipt sl), lattin seey "jeebh key neeche" key liye, prashaasan key aushadhiya maarg koo sandarbhit kartaa haye jisake dwara padaarth jeebh key neeche ootakon key madhyam seey rakt mein failate hain.
kaee davaaen upa-bhashai prashaasan key madhyam seey avashoshit kii jaati hain, jinamen hriday sambandhi davaaen, steroid, barbiturates, benzodiazepine, opioid analgesic, thc, cbd, kuchh protein aur teji seey, vitamin aur khanij shamil hain.
siddhant.
jaba koee rasayan jeebh key neeche shleshma jhilli key sampark mein aataa haye, tou vaha avashoshit hoe jaataa haye. kyonki upkala key neeche sanyoji ootak mein keshikaon kii prachurta hoti haye, padaarth phir unamen failata haye aur shiraparak parisancharan mein pravesh kartaa haye. isake vipareet, aanton mein avashoshit padaarth samanya parisancharan mein pravesh karane seey pahale yakrit mein pratham-paas chayapachaya key adheen hotey hain.
maukhik prashaasan kii tulanaa mein upabhaashiya prashaasan key kuchh faayade hain. adhik pratyaksh honey key kaaran, yeh aksar kaarravaai kii teji seey shuruat hoti haye, aur yeh sunishchit kartaa haye kii padaarth raktapravaah mein pravesh karane seey pahale kewal laar enzymon dwara ksharan kaa jokhim uthaayega, jabaki maukhik roop seey prashaasit davaaon koo gastroentestinal tract key pratikool vatavaran key madhyam seey gujarna chaahiye, joe unhein kharaab karane kaa jokhim uthaata haye, yaa tou pett acid yaa pitt dwara, yaa monoemine oxidase (maao) jaise enzymon dwara. isake alawa, jathrantra path seey avashoshan key baad, aisee davaaen yakrit mein gujarani chaahiye, jahaan unhein badey paimaane parr badala jaa sakata haye; ise dawa chayapachaya key pahale paas prabhaav key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. pett aur aanton kii paachan gatividhi key kaaran, maukhik maarg kuchh padarthon key liye anupayukt haye, jaise kii salvinorin aeye.
roop.
upa-bhashai prashaasan key liye aushadhiya taiyari key roop mein nirmit kiye jaate hainh
padaarth.
lagbhag kissy bhee prakaar kaa padaarth upabhaashiya prashaasan key liye upayukt hoe sakata haye yadi yeh laar mein aasaani seey ghul jaataa haye. pouder aur aerosol sabhi iss vidhi kaa laabh uthaa sakate hain. haalaanki, kaee kaarak, jaise kii ph, aanvik vajan aur lipid ghulansheelata, yeh nirdhaarit curr sakate hain kii kyaa maarg vyaavhaarik haye. inn gunon key aadhar parr, ack upayukt ghulansheel dawa shleshma key madhyam seey bahut dheere-dheere fail sakati haye joe prabhaavi hoe sakati haye. haalaanki, kaee davaayen upabhaashiya roop seey lii jaane vaali bahut adhik shaktishali hoti hain, aur yeh aam taur parr naak key shleshma key madhyam seey prashaasan kii tulanaa mein ack surakshit vikalp haye. iss vidhi kaa vyaapak roop seey kuchh manosakriya davaaon koo prashaasit karane vaale logon dwara bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye. ack kamee, halanki, daanton kaa rung badalana aur ksharan haye joe amleeya yaa anyatha castic davaaon aur bharaav key saath iss vidhi key deerghakaalik upayog key kaaran hotaa haye.
manochikitsak.
salvinorin aeye key alawa, anya manochikitsakon koo bhee upabhaashiya roop seey lagu kiya jaa sakata haye. ell. aiss. dee., aim. dee. aim., morphin, alprazolum, clonazepam, diazepam, aur cycadelic tryptamine aur phenethalamine sahit kaee anya padaarth, aur yahaan taka kii manoranjak bhang khaadya padaarth (tii. aich. see.) bhee iss maarg key madhyam seey prashaasan key liye sabhi vyavharya ummidwar hain. aksar, vicharadhin dawa koo pouder kiya jaataa haye aur munh mein rakhaa jaataa haye (aksar seedhe jeebh key neeche). yadi vahaan lambe samay taka rakhaa jaataa haye, tou dawa jee. aaee. maarg koo darkinar karate hue rakt pravaah mein fail jaayegi. yeh saral maukhik prashaasan key liye ack pasandida vidhi hoe sakati haye, kyonki maao kaee davaaon (vishesh roop seey dee. aim. tii. jaise tryptamine) koo aukseekrit karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye aur kyonki yeh maarg rasayan koo seedhe mastishk mein anuvaadit kartaa haye, jahaan adhikansh manochikitsak kaary karate hain. atyadhik laar seey galey mein rasayan dhone kii vidhi seemit haye. saath hii, kaee alkaloid kaa swaad apriya hotaa haye jisase unhein munh mein pakadana mushkil hoe jaataa haye. manosakriya dawa kii goliyon mein aamtaur parr sevan koo hatotsaahit karane aur bachchon koo unhein khaane seey hatotsaahit karane key liye denatonium jaise kadve rasayan shamil hotey hain.
allergy.
allergieson pratirakshi chikitsa key ack hisse key roop mein jeebh key neeche bhee allergieson lagaaya jaa sakata haye.
chikitsiya peptides aur protein.
chikitsiya peptides aur protein (jaise cytokins, domen antibody, fab tukade yaa ekal shrinkhala antibody) key prashaasan kaa ack apekshaakrit nayaa tarika upa-bhashai prashaasan haye. peptides aur protein gastro-aanton mein sthir naheen hotey hain, mukhya roop seey enzymon aur ph antaron dwara ksharan key kaaran. parinamswarup, adhikansh peptides (jaise insulin, exnetide, vasopressin, aadi).) yaa protein (jaise interferon, ipo aur interleukin) koo injection dwara prashaasit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. haal hii mein, naee takneekon ney aise anuon key upabhaashiya prashaasan kii anumati dee haye. novo nordisk, sainofi aur biolings jaisi companiyon dwara upa-bhashai maarg seey macromolecule (peptides, protein aur immunotherapy) dene key liye adhik prayaas kiye jaa rahey hain.
pratirakshi-sakriya davaaon key liye upa-bhashai prasav vishesh roop seey prabhaavi hoe sakata haye, kyonki pratirakshi-receptor koshikaon kii upasthiti upa-bhashai kshetra key karib hoti haye.
teeke.
upa-bhashai maarg kaa upayog vibhinn sankraamak rogon key khilaf teekon key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. iss prakaar, preclinical adhyayanon mein paaya gayaa haye kii upa-bhashai teeke atyadhik pratirakshaatmak hoe sakate hain aur influenzae virus seey bachaa sakate hain
aur "helicobacter pailori", lekin upa-bhashai prashaasan kaa upayog anya sankraamak rogon key khilaf teekon key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye.