satah glycoprotein kaa prakaar

variant satah glycoprotein (vee. aiss. jee.) ack ~ 60key. dee. aeye. protein haye joe "trypanosoma" vansh seey sambandhit protozoa parjivi kii koshika satah koo ghanee matra mein paik kartaa haye. yeh vansh apane koshika satah protein key liye ullekhaniya haye. unhein pahali baar 1975 mein george cross dwara "trypanosoma brucy" seey alag kiya gayaa thaa. vee. aiss. jee. trypanosomated parjeeviyon koo vyaapak pratijan bhinnata dwara standhari mezban kii pratiraksha pranali seey bachane kii anumati detaa haye. way ack 12-15 nm satah coat banaate hain. vee. aiss. jee. diamer sabhi koshika satah protein kaa ~90% aur kull koshika protein kaa ~10% banaate hain. iss kaaran seey, yeye protein atyadhik pratirakshaatmak hotey hain aur ack vishisht vee. aiss. jee. coat key khilaf uthaai gaee pratiraksha pratikriya iss prakaar koo vyakt karane vaale trypanosome koo teji seey maar degi. haalaanki, pratyek koshika vibhajan key saath ack sambhavana haye kii santan vyakt kiye jaa rahey banaam jee koo badalane key liye abhivyakti koo badal degi. vee. aiss. jee. mein koee nirdhaarit jaiv rasayanik gatividhi naheen haye. 
parjivi mein pratijan roop seey alag banaam (~ 1500/2000 poorna aur aanshik (chhadmajan)) kaa ack badaa koshikiya bhandar hotaa haye joe telomeric aur subtalomeric sarani (megabez gunasutron yaa minichromosome parr) mein sthit hotaa haye. vee. aiss. jee. koo ack polycystron mein rakt pravaah abhivyakti sthal (bee. aiss., ee. aiss.) seey aar. aine. aeye. polymerase aaee. (ribosomal-prakaar key pravartak key liye bharti) dwara anya ee. aiss. seey judey jeane (ee. aiss. aeye. jee.) key saath vyakt kiya jaataa haye, jinamen seey ack transferrin receptor (tii. aff. aar.: ee. aiss. aeye. jee. 6, ee. aiss. aeye. jee. 7) haye. ack samay mein kewal ack vee. aiss. jee. jeane vyakt kiya jaataa haye, kyonki ~ 15 ee. mein seey kewal ack hii koshika mein sakriya hotaa haye. vee. aiss. jee. abhivyakti koo ack sarani (samroopata dwara nirdeshit) seey sakriya telomeric roop seey sthit abhivyakti sthal mein ack mook mool pratilipi jeane key samroop punarsanyojan dwara 'parivartit' kiya jaataa haye. iss sankraman key dauran, trypanosome ack saath apani satah parr poorv aur baad key switch banaam donon koo pradarshit karate hain. yeh coat pratisthaapan prakriya haal hii mein switch kii gaee koshikaon key astitva key liye mahatvapurna haye kyonki praarambhik vee. aiss. jee. badhati hui mezban aib pratikriya key liye lakshya baney hue hain. mozek banaam jee jeane koo ack sarani seey aanshik banaam jee jeane key samroop punarsanyojan dwara banaaya jaa sakata haye. yeh aanshik jeane jeevit banaam jee jeane key kissy bhee hisse koo badal sakata haye, jisase ack nayaa mozek banaam jee bunn sakata haye. vee. aiss. jee. ardh-jeevan maap seey pataa chalata haye kii praarambhik vee. aiss. jee. aanuvanshik roop seey parivartit trypanosome kii satah parr kaee dinon taka banaa reh sakata haye. yeh spasht naheen haye kii kyaa vee. aiss. jee. switching kaa viniyaman vishuddh roop seey yaadrichhik haye yaa kyaa paryavaraniya uttejanaaen switching aavritti koo prabhaavit karati hain. iss tathya seey pataa chalata haye kii inn vitro mein switching seey pataa chalata haye kii prakriya mein cumm seey cumm kuchh mezban-swatantra, yaadrichhik tatva haye.
pratijan bhinnata parjivi kii chakreeya tarangon kaa kaaran banati haye, joe maanav african trypanosomiasis kii visheshtaon mein seey ack haye. chakreeya prakriya mein 5 seey 8 dinn lagate hain. aisaa isaliye hotaa haye kyonki trypanosome aabaadi dwara vyakt kiye gaye coat kii ack vividh shrinkhala kaa matlab haye kii pratiraksha pranali hamesha ack kadam peechhe rahati haih diye gaye vee. aiss. jee. key khilaf pratiraksha pratikriya vikasit honey mein kaee dinn lagate hain, jisase aabaadi koo vividhata laane kaa samay milata haye kyonki vyakti aage kii parivartan ghatnaaon seey gujarate hain. iss prakriya kii punaravritti sankramit trypanosome aabaadi key vilupt honey koo rokti haye, jisase mezban mein parjeeviyon kii deerghakaalik dridhata aur sancharan key avsar badh jaate hain.
trypanosoma broosy" mein.
trypanosoma brusai" mein, koshika kii satah ~ 5 x 106 banaam jee diamer, sabhi koshika satah protein key ~90% aur kull koshika protein key ~10% key ghaney coat seey dhaki hoti haye.
vee. aiss. jee. coat key way guna joe pratiraksha seey bachane mein saksham banaate hain, way hainh
tii seey vee. aiss. jee. brucei "dou glycosyl-phosphatidilinositol (jee. pee. aaee.) enkaron (ack prati monomer) key saath ack sahsanyojak judaav key madhyam seey plasma jhilli seey judey hotey hain, joe jhilli mein shamil karane key liye air seey flazeller pockett taka apani aage kii-taskari koo nirdeshit kartaa haye, jaisa kii jee. pee. aaee. valence parikalpana dwara bhavishyavani kii gaee haye.
jaba parjivi tsetse makkhi key madhya-aant mein procyclic roop mein alag hoe jaataa haye tou vee. aiss. jee. koo procycline key samaan ghaney coat dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye. vee. aiss. jee. jeane pratilekhan kaa bahut teji seey avrodh hotaa haye joe tapman cumm hotey hii hotaa haye.
abhivyakti.
sankraman key dauran vee. aiss. jee. parivartansheelta kaa srot tii. mein maujood "vee. aiss. jee." jeane kaa ack badaa 'sangrah' haye. brucei "genome. inmein seey kuchh poorna lambai key, akshunna jeane hain; anya chhadmajan hain (aamtaur parr frameshift utparivartan, samay seey pahale stop coden, yaa vikhandan key saath). ack pratijan roop seey alag vee. aiss. jee. kii abhivyakti kewal ack alag poorna-lambai vaale "vee. aiss. jee." jeane mein abhivyakti site switching (switching joe ee. aiss. sakriya haye) dwara hoe sakati haye. isake alawa, chimerick yaa 'mozek' banaam jee jeane koo ack seey adhik mook 'banaam jee' jeane key khandon koo milakar utpann kiya jaa sakata haye. mozek "banaam jee" kaa gathan chhadm "banaam jee" kii (aanshik) abhivyakti kii anumati detaa haye, joe "banaam jee" sangrah kaa pramukh hissa hoe sakata haye, aur seedhe pratijan bhinnata mein yogdan curr sakata haye, jisase pratiraksha seey bachane key liye trypanosome kii kshamata mein kaafee vriddhi hoti haye aur teeka vikas key liye ack badee samasya paida hoti haye.
"vee. aiss. jee". jeane koo kissy bhee samay shaant rakhaa jaa sakata haye aur chaalu kiya jaa sakata haye. vyakt "vee. aiss. jee" hamesha ack abhivyakti sthal (aiss.) mein sthit hotaa haye, joe kuchh badey aur madhyavarti gunasutron key telomerase mein paae jaane vaale vishesh abhivyakti sthaan hain. pratyek ee. aiss. ack polycystronic ikai haye, jisamen sakriya vee. aiss. jee. key saath vyakt kiye gaye kaee abhivyakti sthal-sambandhit jeane (ee. aiss. aeye. jee.) hotey hain. jabaki kaee ee maujood hain, kewal ack hii ack samay mein sakriya rahata haye. iss prakriya mein kaee tantra shamil prateet hotey hain, lekin maun kii sateek prakriti abhee bhee spasht naheen haye.
vyakt kiye gaye vee. aiss. jee. koo yaa tou ack alag abhivyakti sthal koo sakriya karke (aur iss prakaar usa sthal mein "vee. aiss. jee" koo vyakt karane key liye badalkar), yaa sakriya sthal mein "vee. aiss. jee." jeane koo ack alag sanskaran mein badalkar badala jaa sakata haye. genome mein vee. aiss. jee. jeane kii kaee pratiyaan hoti hain, donon mini gunasutron parr aur gunasutron key aantarik bhaag mein baar-baar khandon mein. yeye aam taur parr mook hotey hain, aamtaur parr hataae gaye khandon yaa samay seey pahale bund honey vaale codon key saath, lekin nae vee. aiss. jee. jeane key vikas mein mahatvapurna hotey hain. yeh tii kaa 10 pratishat taka anumaanit haye.brucei genome vee. aiss. jee. jeane yaa chhadmajanakon seey banaa hoe sakata haye. inmein seey kissy bhee jeane koo abhivyakti key liye punarsanyojan dwara sakriya sthal mein sthanantarit kiya jaa sakata haye. phir seey, ise niyantrit karane vaale sateek tantra spasht naheen hain, lekin prakriya dee. aine. aeye. marammat machinary aur samroop punarsanyojan kii prakriya parr nirbhar karati prateet hoti haye.
rakt pravaah abhivyakti sthal (bee. aiss.), yaa telomeric abhivyakti sthal, kaa upayog poorak pranali seey bachane key liye mezban key rakt pravaah mein honey parr vibhinn satah glycoprotein key adaan-pradaan key liye kiya jaataa haye. bases aakar aur sanrachana mein bahuroopi hotey hain lekin vyaapak punarsanyojan key sandarbh mein ack aashcharyajanak roop seey sanrakshit vastukala koo prakat karate hain. bahut chhote bases maujood hain aur kaee kaaryasheel bases mein "abhivyakti sthal seey judey jeane" (essag) kaa poorna poorak naheen hotaa haye. anumaanit 20-30 saiton kaa ack sangrah haye, jinamen seey pratyek ack samay mein sakriya haye. sakriya banaam jee abhivyakti sthal nucleosome seey samaapt hoe jaate hain.
jeane kaa pradarshan tii mein hotaa haye. brucei "tanaav-vishisht banane key liye alag hoe gaye hain.
tii key vibhinn satah glycoprotein jeane. brucei koo dou samoohon mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye joe iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii jeane kii pratikriti koo vyakt karane parr dekhaa jaataa haye yaa naheen.
gupt taskari.
"trypanosoma" mein ack saral, dhruvikrit jhilli parivahan pranali hoti haye jisamen ack ekal air, lysosome aur golgi upkaran hotaa haye.
vee. aiss. jee. koo pahale polycystron key roop mein pratilekhit kiya jaataa haye aur phir polypyrimidine tract dwara nirdeshit trypanosomated-vishisht polly-adenilation aur trance-splissing seey gujarta haye. kyonki koee pratilekhan niyantran naheen haye, isaliye banaam 3 'utter apani aar. aine. aeye. sthirata (sabse mahatvapurna, mahatvapurna aur aur key liye mahatvapurna haye. isake baad vee. aiss. jee. koo jhilli-baddh polysome parr pratilekhit kiya jaataa haye, aur aine-terminal sanket anukram kii upasthiti vee. aiss. jee. koo ee. aar. kii or nirdeshit karati haye. iss prakaar vee. aiss. jee. koo saha-anuvaadit roop seey air lumen mein leey jaaya jaataa haye, teji seey aine-glycosylated (aeye. aiss. aine.-aiks-sair/thra saiton parr) aur jee. pee. aaee. koo ack paar-pratiropan pratikriya (see-term hydrophobic 17 yaa 23 aa jee. pee. aaee. lunger anukram koo hataakar) dwara ω site parr lunger daala jaataa haye. ω sthal hamesha sair (aamtaur parr 17 aa sanket anukram peptides mein), asp (aamtaur parr 23 aa sanket anukram peptides mein), yaa aeye. aiss. aine. hotaa haye. isake alawa, prati vee. aiss. jee. aine-glycosylation saiton kii sankhya bhinn hoe sakati haye (aamtaur parr 1-3 aine-glycane). vee. aiss. jee. mitat.1.5 teenon sambhaavit aine-glycosylation sthalon parr glycosylated haye.
isake baad vee. aiss. jee. caloreticulin/calnexin folding chakr seey gujarta haye (calnexin "trypanosoma brucei" mein anupasthit haye), jahaan yeh kshanik roop seey monoglucosylated aur deglucosylated hotaa haye, aur sahee tareeke seey fold karane key liye bee. aaee. pee. jaise vibhinn air chapron protein key saath baatchit kartaa haye. vee. aiss. jee. kushalata seey modata haye aur demarise kartaa haye (aantarik roop seey anukool taha kaa sujhaav detaa haye) aur koshika jhilli mein shamil karane key liye golgi key madhyam seey flazeller pockett mein leey jaaya jaataa haye.
mahatvapurna roop seey, koshikiya jhilli mein shamil honey key baad, vee. aiss. jee. koo baad mein flazeller pockett key madhyam seey punarnaveenikaran kiya jaa sakata haye aur koshika kii satah parr vaapas chhaant diyaa jaa sakata haye. vee. aiss. jee. lysosomal yaa protesomal canonical ksharan maargon dwara naheen badala jaataa haye, balki jee. pee. aaee.-vishisht pee. ell. see. dwara apane jee. pee. aaee. anker key vishisht daraar dwara koshika seey khou jaataa haye.
sanrachana.
vee. aiss. jee. jeane anukram (praathamik) star parr bahut parivartansheel hotey hain, lekin maanaa jaataa haye kii dou nirdhaarit tri-ayami sanrachanaon aur dwi-ayami anukram rupankanon (avrohi aur aarohi alfa-avashesh joe dwimitiya interfaces banaate hain) key sanrakshan key aadhar parr roopon mein sanrachanaatmak (tritiyak) visheshtaon koo dridhata seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa haye, jisase way ack samaan parirakshan kaary karane mein saksham hotey hain. vee. aiss. jee. cumm anukram samroopata (13-30% pehchaan) key saath lagbhag 300-350 emino acid key aine terminal domen seey baney hotey hain, aur ~ 100 emino acid key ack adhik sanrakshit see terminal domen seey baney hotey hain. aine-terminal domen koo unake cysteine pattern key aadhar parr aeye-see vargon mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye. see-term domen koo anukram samroopata dwara varg I-III mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye, jahir taur parr koee pratibandh naheen haye kii way kiss aine-term varg key saath poorna banaam jee banaa sakate hain. dwigunit karane key liye, banaam aine-terminal domen hydrophobic antahkriyaon dwara nirdeshit chaar alfa helises kaa ack bundle banaate hain, jinake chaaron or chhoti sanrachanaatmak visheshtaen (paanch chhote helises aur teen beeta-sheet) latakati hain.
vee. aiss. jee. koo ack glycophosphatidalycophytelote (jee. pee. aaee.) anker key madhyam seey koshika jhilli mein lunger daala jaataa haye-see-terminus seey ack gair-sahsanyojak sambandh joe isaki aage kii taskari koo air seey jhilli taka nirdeshit kartaa haye. iss jee. pee. aaee. lunger koo vishesh roop seey jee. pee. aaee. phospholipase see. dwara vibhajit kiya jaataa haye, jhilli-roop vee. aiss. jee. koo vibhajit kartaa haye, aur vee. aiss. jee. protein aur jee. pee. aaee. lunger key hisse koo ghulansheel vee. jee. (aiss. vee. aiss. jee., jise cross-reacting determinant, yaa see. aar. dee. key roop mein pahachaana jaa sakata haye) key roop mein baahya koshikiya parivesh mein khone kii anumati detaa haye, jabaki jhilli mein dou 1,2-dimiristolglycerol shrinkhalaon koo banaae rakhaa jaataa haye.
pratijan bhinnata.
vee. aiss. jee. atyadhik pratirakshaatmak haye, aur ack vishisht vee. aiss. jee. coat key khilaf uthaai gaee pratiraksha pratikriya iss prakaar koo vyakt karane vaale trypanosome koo teji seey maar degi. antibody-madhyasth trypanosome hatyaa koo ack poorak-madhyasth lysis parakh dwara "inn vitro" bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye. haalaanki, pratyek koshika vibhajan key saath ack sambhavana haye kii ack yaa donon santan vyakt kiye jaa rahey banaam jee koo badalane key liye abhivyakti koo badal denge. vee. aiss. jee. switching kii aavritti koo prati vibhajan lagbhag 0.00% maapa gayaa haye, halanki switching darein sanskriti banaam mein bhinn hoti hain. "vivo mein. tii key roop mein. ack mezban key bheetar brucei kii aabaadi 1011 key aakar mein charam parr hoe sakati haye, yeh teji seey parivartan kii darr yeh sunishchit karati haye kii parjivi kii aabaadi lagaatar vividh haye. trypanosome aabaadi dwara vyakt kiye gaye coat kii ack vividh shrinkhala kaa matlab haye kii pratiraksha pranali hamesha ack kadam peechhe rahati haih diye gaye vee. aiss. jee. key khilaf pratiraksha pratikriya vikasit honey mein kaee dinn lagate hain, jisase aabaadi koo vividhata laane kaa samay milata haye kyonki vyakti aage kii parivartankari ghatnaaon seey gujarate hain. iss prakriya kii punaravritti sankramit trypanosome aabaadi key vilupt honey koo rokti haye, jisase mezban mein parjeeviyon kii deerghakaalik dridhata hoti haye, jisase sancharan key avsar badh jaate hain. iss chakr kaa naidaanik prabhaav parjivi (rakt mein trypanosome) kii kramik 'tarangen' haye.
anya trypanosome mein.
parivartansheel satah glycoprotein anya "trypanosoma" prajaatiyon mein bhee paae jaate hain.
trypanosoma equiperdam" mein, ack parjivi joe ghodon mein aavaran bimari kaa kaaran banata haye, yeye protein parjivi koo mezban janwar kii pratiraksha pranali seey kushalata seey bachane kii anumati dete hain. yeye vee. aiss. jee. jeev koo apane protein kii satah sanrachana mein lagaatar herfer karane aur badalane kii anumati dete hain, jiska arth haye kii ise lagaatar ack nae videshi jeev key roop mein pratiraksha pranali key saamane prastut kiya jaa rhaa haye aur yeh shareer koo roga koo samaapt karane key liye ack badee paryaapt pratiraksha pratikriya koo badhaane seey rokta haye. iss arth mein, "trypanosoma equiperdam" ack bahut hii kushal jeev haye; yeh anya beemariyon kii tulanaa mein cumm prajaatiyon koo sankramit curr sakata haye, lekin yeh apane nirdisht mejbaanon key bheetar bahut kushalata seey sankramit kartaa haye aur jeevit rahata haye. tii mein vee. aiss. jee. protein. equiperdam "bhee phosphorylated hotey hain.
trypanosoma evancy" seey ack vee. aiss. jee. jeane, ack parjivi joe jaanvaron mein surra key ack roop kaa kaaran banata haye, koo "escherichia kolai" mein pratiroopit kiya gayaa haye. vyakt protein sabhi seera sanyojanon key saath pratirakshaatmak haye. sampoorn koshika licet yaa punarsanyojit protein seey pratirakshit janwar elissa (enzyme seey judey pratirakshi parakh) aur catt (trypanosomiasis key liye card agglutination pareekshan) mein samaan antibody pratikriyaaen dikhaate hain. parivartaniya satah glycoprotein rotate 1.2 pee. see. aar. kaa upayog "tii." kaa pataa lagaane key liye ack vishisht naidaanik upkaran key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. evancy "sankraman.
abb taka kaa sabse chhota vee. aiss. jee. protein (aakar mein 40 key. dee. aeye.) "trypanosoma vivax" mein paaya gayaa haye, jisamen cumm carbohydrate hotaa haye.
glycoprotein key hydrolysis key baad shamil sharkara key "trypanosoma congolence" mein, "inn vitro" vishleshan seey pataa chalaa haye kii glucosamine aur mananose kaa upayog seedhe carbohydrate bhaag key jaiv sanshleshan mein kiya jaataa haye, jabaki galactose koo sambhavatah antigen mein shamil honey seey pahale anya madhyavarti mein parivartit kiya gayaa thaa. 47 key. dee. aeye. key aanvik vajan key saath unglycosylated vee. aiss. jee. ney apane aakar kii vishamta koo poori tarah seey khou diyaa thaa.

