
maang shrinkhala

maang shrinkhala shabd kaa upayog vyavasaay aur prabandhan sandarbh mein "aapoorti shrinkhala" key saath yaa usake sthaan parr vipareet shabdawali key roop mein kiya gayaa haye. madhani kaa sujhaav haye kii maang shrinkhala mein "graahak kii maang koo samajhane, banaane aur protsaahit karane key liye aavashyak sabhi maang prakriyaaen shamil hain. cranfield school off management key akaadamik martin christopher ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii "aadarsh roop seey aapoorti shrinkhala koo ack maang shrinkhala banana chaahiye", yeh samajhaate hue kii aadarsh roop seey sabhi utpaad rasad aur prasanskaran "ack gyaat graahak aavashyakta key jawab mein" honah chaahiye.
avadharana.
ack judee hui shrinkhala key roop mein firm kii gatividhiyon kaa vishleshan karna moolya srijan key avsaron koo prakat karane kaa ack azmaya aur parkha gayaa tarika haye. harvard business school key business economist michael porter ney ack moolya shrinkhala drishtikon kaa beedaa uthaayaah "moolya shrinkhala laagat aur vibhedan key maujooda sambhaavit sroton koo samajhane key liye firm koo apani ranneetik roop seey praasangik gatividhiyon mein vibhajit karati haye. yeh firm key star parr sookshm tantra haye joe vrihad bajar star parr aapoorti aur maang koo barabar kartaa haye.
vitaran, vinirmaan aur khareed mein praarambhik anuprayogon ney saamoohik roop seey aapoorti shrinkhala prabandhan key roop mein jaane jaane vaale vishay koo janm diyaa. soochana praudyogiki, laagat-vishleshan aur prakriya-vishleshan mein nivesh key parinamswarup purani aapoorti shrinkhalaon koo tej, sastee aur adhik vishvasaniya aadhunik aapoorti shrinkhalaon mein badal diyaa gayaa haye.
vipanan, bikri aur seva moolya-shrinkhala kaa doosara aadhaa hissa hain, joe saamoohik roop seey maang koo chalaate hain aur banaae rakhate hain, aur inhen maang shrinkhala key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. vyaapaar key maang paksh koo badalane mein pragati aapoorti paksh key peechhe haye, lekin aaj maang shrinkhala koo badalane mein ruchi badh rahee haye.
vipanan/aapoorti shrinkhala prabandhan (aiss. see. aim.) cross-functional sahyog key binaa, farmon seey grahakon kii aavashyaktaon key liye behtar aur turant pratikriya dene kii ummeed naheen kii jaa sakati haye.
chunauti.
vartamaan mein, maang shrinkhalaon koo badalane aur unhein tej, dubla aur behtar banaane mein pragati key liye chaar mukhya chunautiyen dikhaai detee hainh
aapoorti shrinkhalaon koo maang seey jodana-"maang sanchaalit" v "purvanuman dhakka.
maang aur aapoorti key beach kadee mein sudhaar kii chunauti ney haal key varshon mein kaee aapoorti shrinkhala visheshagyon koo gher liya haye; aur "maang-sanchaalit aapoorti shrinkhala" (maang-sanchaalit aim. aar. pee.), aur graahak-sanchaalit aapoorti shrinkhala jaisi avadhaaranaon ney dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye aur sammelanon aur sangoshthiyon kaa vishay bunn gaye hain.
maang sanchaalit" aapoorti shrinkhala kii maulik visheshta yeh haye kii samagri kii aavaajaahi (yaa punahpurti nishpaadan) seedhe maang seey hii shuru hoti haye. aapoorti shrinkhala key way bhaag joe seedhe aadeshon kaa jawab dete hain, jaise kii "order karane key liye banaao" yaa "order karane key liye ikattha karein", isaliye, "maang sanchaalit" hain.
"meck too stock" aapoorti shrinkhalaaen bhee "maang sanchaalit" hoe sakati hain yadi vyaktigat star kii punahpurti maatraaen kewal stock koo badalane kii aavashyakta seey nirdhaarit kii jaati hain joe tatkaal downstream gatividhi (i.ee.. ack graahak koo becha jaataa haye, jiska upayog ack vinirmaan prakriya dwara kiya jaataa haye yaa kissy anya vitaran sthaan parr sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye). yeh "purvanuman dhakka" aapoorti shrinkhalaon key vipareet haye jisamen bhavishya kii aavashyaktaon key purvanuman aur nyuntam stock shesh (i.ee. suraksha stock) jabaki sabhi upstream gatividhiyon koo aim. aar. pee. gananaon kaa upayog karke seedhe purvanuman key saath jodaa jaataa haye.
apariharya purvanuman ashuddhata key kaaran, "purvanuman dhakka" aapoorti shrinkhalaon koo atyadhik aur asantulit stock star kaa saamana karna padata haye aur bahut teji (aur sambandhit lagaton) key bavjood seva key muddon key liye pravan hain. aisee aapoorti shrinkhalaaen bulweep prabhaav kaa bhee anubhav karati hain. yeh purvanuman truti key pravardhit honey key kaaran hotaa haye kyonki yeh aapoorti shrinkhala koo badhaata haye aur iska aapoorti shrinkhala laagat aur seva muddon koo badhaane kaa anpekshit parinam hotaa haye, kyonki aapoorti kshamata spicky maang pattern koo puuraa karane mein asamarth hoti haye aur parinamswarup poori shrinkhala asthir hoe jaati haye. isake vipareet, "maang sanchaalit" aapoorti shrinkhalaaen "prakriya vichhedan" key prabhaav seey parivartansheelta aur bulweep seey buffer honey kii aavashyakta seey surakshit hain aur iss prakaar way kaafee cumm inventory staron aur kshamata laagat key saath niyojit seva staron koo puuraa karane mein saksham hain.
"maang sanchaalit" aapoorti shrinkhalaaen yojana banaane key uddeshyon key liye purvanuman kaa upayog karati hain-lekin punahpurti nishpaadan key liye naheen. purvanuman kaa upayog kshamata aur vittiya yojana key liye kiya jaataa haye joe "bikri aur sanchaalan yojana" key mukhya ghatak hain. aiss aind opp kii sateekta aur ranneetik moolya vaastav mein taba badhata haye jaba aapoorti shrinkhalaaen "maang sanchaalit" hoti hain kyonki way aniyojit kshamata upayog, "agni seey ladane" aur vartamaan pradarshan muddon (i.ee.. soochi aur seva). "maang sanchaalit" aapoorti shrinkhalaaen bhee ghatana prabandhan key liye purvanuman kaa upayog karati hain (jaise.jee., pratyaashit ghatnaaon key liye stock billed) jaba sthagan ranneetiyaan ack vikalp naheen hain.
shikshaavidon ney kaee varshon taka maang key saath aapoorti shrinkhalaon koo chalaane key laabhon key baare mein bahut kuchh likhaa haye (jaise.jee.. forrester 1958,1961-"audyogik gatishilata"; burbiz 1983-"diwaliyapan seey bachane key liye 5 sunhare niyam"; christopher aur towill 1995), kewal 2002 key baad seey aapoorti shrinkhala prabandhan software pradaataon aur udyog dwara 'maang sanchaalit' avadhaaranaon koo apnana shuru kiya gayaa haye. (ee.jee..cumm yojana, maang pravaah praudyogiki, maang sanchaalit aim. aar. pee. 
soochana pranaaliyan.
moolya shrinkhala pradarshan mein sudhaar key liye gatividhiyon aur lagaton key baare mein jaankaari ack aavashyak sansaadhan haye. erp praudyogiki (aiss. aeye. pee. jaisi pranaaliyan) key vyaapak karyanvayan key kaaran iss tarah kii jaankaari aajkal aapoorti shrinkhala key liye aasaani seey upalabdh haye, aur yeye pranaaliyan aapoorti shrinkhala pradarshan key parivartan mein sahayak rahee hain.
maang shrinkhala key vikas ney databases vipanan aur see. aar. aim. pranaliyon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye. maang sanchaalan gatividhiyon aur sambandhit lagaton koo abhee bhee ack asangat tareeke seey darj kiya jaataa haye, jyaadaatar spreadsheet parr aur phir bhee jaankaari kii gunavatta adhuri aur galat hoti haye.
haalaanki, haal hii mein, vipanan karyapravah key ack antarnihit hisse key roop mein gatividhiyon aur lagaton kii yojana banaane, track karane aur maapane key liye vipanan sansaadhan prabandhan pranaaliyan upalabdh hoe gaee hain.
aim. aar. aim. pranaliyon key karyanvayan seey aksar prakriya key muddon kaa pataa chalata haye jinase nipata jaanaa chaahiye, jaisa kii gartner ney dekhaa haye.
prakriya mein sudhaar.
maang shrinkhala mein prakriyaaen aksar unake aapoorti paksh samkakshon kii tulanaa mein cumm suvyavasthit aur anushaasit hoti hain, aanshik roop seey maang shrinkhala prakriya kaa vishleshan karane key liye ack sahmat dhaanche key abhaav key kaaran. 2009 mein, phillip kotler aur robbert shau ney iss tarah key dhaanche kaa prastaav rakhaa. ise "maang shrinkhala key vichaar" key roop mein varnit karate hue way kahate hainh
bajat vibhajan, lakshyikaran aur anukoolan.
vipanan, bikri aur seva vyay key liye maang shrinkhala bajat paryaapt hain. sharedharak moolya parr unake prabhaav koo adhikatam karna nirnay nirmaataon key liye ack mahatvapurna vittiya lakshya bunn gayaa haye. vipanan aur vitt mein ack saajha bhasha vikasit karna iss lakshya koo praapt karane kii chunautiyon mein seey ack haye.
vibhajan nirnay lene key liye praarambhik baat haye. ranneetik vitt key drishtikon seey "khand jimmedaari kendra hain jinake liye rajaswa aur laagat kaa ack alag maap praapt kiya jaataa haye. vipanan key drishtikon seey "vibhajan bajar koo kharidaaron key alag-alag samoohon mein vibhajit karane kaa kaary haye, jinhen alag-alag utpaadon aur/yaa vipanan mishranon kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye. nirnay nirmaataon key liye ack mahatvapurna chunauti yeh haye kii vibhajan parr inn dou vipanan aur vitt drishtikon koo kaise sanrekhit kiya jaae.
bajat kaa lakshya banaana antim nirnay haye. vipanan key drishtikon seey chunauti yeh haye kii "vibhinn lakshit baajaron koo diye gaye vipanan bajat koo ishtatam roop seey kaise aavantit kiya jaae. vitt key drishtikon seey samasya sansaadhan aur bajat aavantan kii haye "moolya adhikatam karane kii ranneeti koo lagu karane key liye sansadhanon kii sahee matra kaa nirdhaaran karna".
anukoolan lakshya nirnayon key liye takniki aadhar pradaan kartaa haye. jabaki ganitiya anukoolan siddhant 1950 key dashak seey astitva mein haye, vipanan key liye iska anuprayog kewal 1970 key dashak mein shuru huaa, aur detta aur computer shakti kii kamee 1990 key dashak taka seemit karakon koo seemit curr rahee thee.
2000 key baad seey, bajat vibhajan, lakshyikaran aur anukoolan mein ganit koo lagu karna adhik aam hoe gayaa haye. britten mein aaee. pee. aeye. puraskaron ney apani puraskar prakriya key hisse key roop mein 15 varshon mein modeling key 1000 seey adhik mamalon kaa dastavejikaran kiya haye. nirnay lene key mandand kathor hain aur swaad yaa fashion kaa mamla naheen haye. praveshkartaon koo sabhi uchit sandeh seey parey saabit karna chaahiye kii vipanan laabhdaayak haye. yeh vipanan koo chaar mahatvapurna tarikon seey kendra mein laane mein saksham banaata haih
sabse pahale, yeh vipanan aur bikri kii bhasha kaa board room kii bhasha mein anuvaad kartaa haye. vitt aur laabh aadhunik karyakari samooh kii pasandida bhasha hain. vipanan aur bikri ranneetiyon koo vyavasaay key vittiya moolya koo badhaane kii unaki kshamata key sandarbh mein uchit thaharaaya jaanaa chaahiye. yeh vipanan aur anya karyon key beach ack setu pradaan kartaa haye.
doosara, yeh maang shrinkhala jawabdehi koo majboot kartaa haye. vipanan vibhagon mein jagrukta, vareeyata aur santushti koo aksar sharedharak moolya key vaikalpik uddeshyon key roop mein track kiya jaataa haye. bikri vibhagon mein, bikri samvardhan kharch kaa upayog aksar matra badhaane key liye kiya jaataa haye, bhale hii parinam laabhprad naa hoe. anukoolan modeling inn prathaon kaa aaklan curr sakati haye aur adhik kathor jawabdehi vidhiyon kaa samarthan curr sakati haye.
teesara, yeh maang shrinkhala bajat mein manmaane dhang seey katauti key liye ack jawabi tark pradaan kartaa haye. vipanan nivesh model parr laabh yeh pradarshit karane mein madad curr sakata haye kii maang badhaane vaali gatividhiyon kaa vittiya prabhaav sakaratmak aur nakaratmak haye, aur isaliye tathya-adharit bajat kaa samarthan karane mein madad curr sakata haye.
anta mein, maang-shrinkhala laabhpradata modeling ack ranneetik bahas koo protsaahit karati haye. kyonki deerghakaalik nakadi pravaah aur aine. pee. vee. gananaaen vipanan, bikri aur seva key sharedharak moolya prabhaav koo dikhaa sakati hain, isaliye maang shrinkhala koo aapoorti shrinkhala key barabar rakhane key liye majboot tark diye jaa sakate hain.

