castoria

castoria (, "castoria") paschimi macedonia key kshetra mein uttari grees kaa ack shahar haye. yeh macedonia key bhaugolik kshetra mein castoria kshetriya ikai kii rajdhani haye. yeh orestiada jheel key paschimi tata parr ack promontary parr sthit haye, joe choona patthar key pahaadon seey ghiri ghaati mein haye. yeh shahar apane kaee byzantine churchon, byzantine aur ottoman yug kii gharelu vastukala, apani jheel aur apane farr kapadon key udyog key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
naam.
shahar kaa pahali baar 550 esvi mein, procopius dwara iss prakaar ullekh kiya gayaa haih "thessaly mein ack nishchit shahar thaa, jiska naam diocletianopolis thaa, joe pracheen kaal mein samriddh thaa, lekin samay beetane aur barbaron key hamalon key saath yeh nasht hoe gayaa thaa, aur bahut lambe samay taka yeh nivaasiyon kaa niraashrit thaa; aur ack nishchit jheel key paas honey kii sambhavana thee jiska naam castoria thaa. jheel key beach mein ack dweep haye, adhikansh bhaag paani seey ghiraa huaa haye; lekin jheel key madhyam seey iss dweep key liye ack sankeern drishtikon banaa huaa haye, pandrah feat seey adhik chauda naheen haye. aur dweep key oopar ack bahut unchaa pahaad khadaa haye, jiska aadhaa hissa jheel seey dhakaa huaa haye jabaki baaki usa parr haye."halanki procopius ise" theesali kaa ack shahar "key roop mein sandarbhit kartaa haye, lekin iska varnan nissandeh castoria kaa haye, joe ack jheel mein ack promontary parr ack shahar haye.
castoria" naam kii utpatti key baare mein kaee siddhant hain. inmein seey pramukh yeh haye kii naam yunani shabd κάστορας ("castorus", jiska arth haye "beaver") seey nikla haye. paas kii jheel orestiada seey praapt pashuon key farr kaa vyaapaar paaramparik roop seey shahar kii arthavyavastha kaa ack mahatvapurna tatva rhaa haye. anya siddhanton kaa prastaav haye kii naam yunani shabd κάστρο ("castro", jiska arth haye "mahal"; lattin shabd "castra" seey) yaa pauranik naayak κάστωρ ("castore") seey nikla haye, jinhen iss kshetra mein sammaanit kiya gayaa hoga. shabd koo kabhi-kabhi see, "castoria" key saath likhaa jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey puraane karyon mein. yunani seey, naam turkey mein "kesari" key roop mein udhaar liya gayaa thaa. shahar kaa bulgarian, macedonian aur serbian naam "kostur" (sirilikah Костур) haye. albanian naam haye, jabaki sugandhit naam haye.
nagarpalika.
nagarpalika castoria kaa gathan 2011 key sthaaniya sarkaar sudhaar mein nimnalikhit 9 poorv nagar paalikaon key vilay seey kiya gayaa thaa, joe nagarpalika ikaaiyaan bunn gaeenh
nagarpalika kaa kshetrafal 763.330 km2 haye, nagarpalika ikai 57.318 km2 haye.
itihas.
pracheen kaal.
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii castoria kii utpatti pracheen haye. livy (XXXI, XL) ney orestis mein ack jheel key paas ack shahar kaa ullekh kiya haye, jise celetrum kahaa jaataa haye, jisake nivaasiyon ney phillip banaam masseddon (200 eesaa poorv) key khilaf roman yuddh key dauran sulpetius key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa thaa. pracheen shahar sambhavatah shahar key vartamaan sthaan key oopar ack pahaadi parr sthit thaa.
roman samrat dioclacian (shaasit 284-305 AD) ney aspas key kshetra mein diocletianopolis shahar kii sthaapana kii. procopius ("dee ediphysis", 4.3.1-4) bataata haye kii, diocletianpolis koo berber logon dwara nasht kiye jaane key baad, samrat justinian ney ise ack promontary project parr leey jaaya, joe shahar key vartamaan sthaan, orestiada jheel mein sthit thaa, aur "ise ack upayukt naam diyaa", shayed yeh darshaata haye kii unhone iska naam badalkar justinionopolis curr diyaa. tii. ell. aff. aar. tafel ney vaaya ignatia ("dee vaaya military romanoram ignatia", 1832) parr apane adhyayan mein sujhaav diyaa kii celetrum, diocletianpolis aur castoria ack hii sthaan key teen kramik naam hain.
madhya yug.
halanki, 10veen shatabdi key key shatabdi kii shuruat key byzantine-bulgarian yuddhon taka castoria khud dikhaai naheen detaa haye (constantine porpherogenetos mein diocletianopolis kaa ullekh 'dee thematibus' kalanukramik haye, joe 6veen shatabdi key "synacdemus" seey liya gayaa haye). yeh shahar 1018 taka bulgarian haathon mein thaa, jaba ise tulsi II dwara jeet liya gayaa thaa.
castoria mein bohemand aaee key tahat norman kaa kabja thaa, lekin jald hii alexios aaee comnenos dwara ise baramad curr liya gayaa. iss shahar mein ack mahatvapurna yahudi upasthiti thee, vishesh roop seey 11veen shatabdi key vidwan tobia bayne elizer.
13veen aur 14veen shatabdi key dauran, shahar kaee shaktiyon key beach vivaadit hoe gayaa aur aksar haath badal gayaa. dusare bulgarian samrajya ney shahar koo kalyan aur ivan assen dwiteeya key adheen rakhaa, jaba taka kii ise epirus key tanashah dwara punarpraapt naheen kiya gayaa. nikeyan samrajya ney ise see. aeye. mein kabja curr liya. 1252, lekin caa mein phir seey epirus key kaaran khou gayaa. 1257, kewal nikiyon key liye pelagonia (1259) kii ladaai key baad ise phir seey hassil karane key liye.
14veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, castoria mahaan vlachiya aur castoria key "doxes", johnn II docus key kshetra kaa hissa thaa. unaki mrityu key baad, shahar stephen gabriolopolos key ardh-swaayatt kshetra kaa hissa bunn gayaa. baad vaale kii mrityu key baad, byzantine samrat andronicos III palologos ney shahar parr kabja curr liya, lekin agale hii varsh (1334) mein ise vidrohi syrgians palologos dwara kuchh samay key liye sarbon key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa gayaa.
serbian shaasak stephen dushan ney anta mein 1342/3 mein castoria parr kabja curr liya, chala rahey byzantine grihyuddh kaa laabh uthaate hue, aur ise apane serbian samrajya kaa hissa banaa liya. dushan kii mrityu key baad, castoria simean eurosh kaa sthaan bunn gayaa.
yeh shahar baad mein epiorate shaasak thomas preljubovic key adheen aaya, aur anta mein albanian mujaka parivaar key adheen, jaba taka kii 1380 key dashak key madhya mein ottoman samrajya dwara ise jeet naheen liya gayaa.
ottoman yug.
ottoman turkon ney 1385 key aspas castoria parr vijay praapt kii, lekin yeh spasht naheen haye kii balpurvak yaa isake albanian shasakon key saath ack samjhaute dwara. ottoman kaal key dauran castoria ney ack badee muslim aabaadi hassil kii aur shahar mein kaee masjidon aur tekon koo paaya jaa sakata thaa. kursum masjid aaj taka ekmatra khadee haye. 1519 mein (hijri 925) shahar mein 67 musalman aur 732 isai parivaar they; yeh chamberlain mehmed bey kaa ack zimmet thaa, aur thessalonici key paidal senaa commander, hizzer. shahar mein bhee wynooks they.
vasil kanchov key nishkarshon key anusaar, 20veen shatabdi key anta mein, shahar mein kull 6190 nivaasiyon key liye 3.000 yunani isai, 1.600 turkey musalman, 750 yahudi, 300 bulgarian isai, 300 albanian isai aur 240 roma they. dimitri mishev key nishkarshon key anusaar, shahar mein 1905 mein (muslim aabaadi koo chhodkar) 4.000 yunani isai, 400 bulgarian pitrisattavadi grecommon aur 72 vlatch kii aabaadi thee.
yeh shahar pahale balkan yuddh (1912) taka ottoman shasson (19veen shatabdi key anta aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein manastir vilaayat key hisse key roop mein) key tahat banaa rahega, jaba grees ney ise leey liya. 1913 kii landan aur bucharest kii sandhiyon ney castoria koo yunani raajya mein shamil kiya. pratham vishva yuddh key anta key baad 1924 mein grees aur turkey key beach jansankhya key adaan-pradaan key dauran castoria kii aabaadi key musalman tatva key badey hisse koo nevsahir, neede aur yozgat mein nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
dolts aur aposury.
ottoman kaal key dauran, castoria ney balcon aur usase parey key logon kii ack bheed koo aakarshit kiya, jisake parinamswarup ack vividh, bahu-jaatiya samudaay paida huaa. isake parinamswarup, shahar kii yojana mein amulchul badalaav aaya. vibhinn jaatiya samudaay, bulgarian, turkey, yunani aur yahudi, alag-alag pados yaa 'quarter' key aspas kendrit hoe gaye. dou puraane yunani jheelon key kinare key quarter, "doltso" (dolcho) aur "apozari" pados, shahar key sabse achche sanrakshit aur antim shesh paaramparik quarters mein seey hain.
inn padoson kii visheshta swaayatt aitihaasik imaraton key aakar mein sanrakshit puraane gharon key samriddh bhandar seey haye, jaise kii mahatvapurna niji haveli yaa 17veen aur 19veen shatabdi key beach nirmit adhik vinamra lock nivaas ('sahayak' imaaraten). iss samay key dauran, europe mein pashuon key farr key prasanskaran aur niryaat seey dhana kaa srijan huaa, aur vishesh vaastushilp aur sajawati moolya key shahar key haveli banaae gaye. churchon aur niji gharon kaa yeh paraspar judaa huaa gathjod ack byzantine aur post-byzantine township kaa ack durlabh udaaharan haye, aur aaj bhee basaa huaa haye.
doltso" aur "aposury" pados kii paaramparik imaraton aur jaagiron key gharon koo shahar mein aadhunik vikas key saath-saath sanrakshan key kharaab star seey sanrachanaatmak ksharan seey khatra haye. inn sthalon koo 2014 mein europe key sabse adhik jokhim vaale smarakon aur sthalon kii 7 sabse luptapray soochi mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
antar-yuddh kaal.
yunani janganana (1920) mein shahar mein 6,280 loga darj kiye gaye aur 1923 mein 829 nivasi (yaa 242 parivaar) musalman they. yunani-turkey jansankhya key adaan-pradaan key baad, 1926 mein castoria key bheetar purvi thress (19), asia minor (101) aur pontus (1) key sharanarthi parivaar they. yunani janganana (1928) mein 10,308 shahar key nivasi darj kiye gaye. 1928 mein 137 sharanarthi parivaar (588 loga) they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh aur yunani grihyuddh donon key dauran, shahar baar-baar ladaa gayaa aur iss prakriya mein bhaari nuksan huaa. 1948 mein grees kii saamyavaadi loktaantrik senaa ney ise lagbhag apane kabje mein leey liya thaa aur 1949 mein paas key gramo parvat parr grihyuddh kii antim ladaai hui thee.
pahala yahudi samudaay roman yahudi samudaay thaa. unamen seey ack tobiah bayne elizer thaa. 1940 mein castoria mein yahudi aabaadi kii sankhya 900 thee, joe mukhya roop seey ladino bhashi sephardic yahoodiyon seey bunny thee. 17veen aur 18veen shatabdi mein itali key madhyam seey pravaas (mool roop seey spen seey) key parinamswarup kaee parivarik naam italvi mool key they.
march 1944 key anta mein, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran naazi german kabje key tahat, 763 castorian yahoodiyon koo naazi sainikon dwara bandee banaa liya gayaa aur holocost key dauran yahoodiyon key jaanboojhkar unmoolan key karyakram key hisse key roop mein aushwitz-barkenaau bheja gayaa. yahudi nagrikon koo yaatana shiviron mein majboor karane key 4 maheene seey bhee cumm samay baad yunani logon kii mukti senaa key gurillaon ney castoria koo mukt curr diyaa thaa. 1945 mein yuddh key anta taka, mool aabaadi kaa kewal 35 hissa butch gayaa thaa, samudaay kaa adhikansh hissa yaatana shiviron mein maaraa gayaa thaa.
2016 mein, "treasorosah dha lost jyooj off castoria" sheershak seey ack vishesh vrittachitra jaari kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen pahale kabhi naheen dekhaa gayaa thaa. ise karyakari nirmaata aur nirdeshak laurence russo (unake maataa-pitaa kii kahani parr adharit) aur saha-nirdeshak aur nirmaata lairi confino dwara banaaya gayaa haye.
arthavyavastha.
castoria ack lokpriya paryatan sthal aur farr vyaapaar kaa ack antarrashtriya kendra haye, jise "farr vyapariyon kaa shahar" upnaam diyaa gayaa haye. paryatan aur farr udyog sthaaniya arthavyavastha parr haavi hain. vaastav mein, (jaisa kii oopar ullekh kiya gayaa haye) shahar kaa naam sambhavatah vyaapaar key poorv pramukh mein seey ack-europeeya beaver (greek mein "castori") key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, joe abb iss kshetra mein vilupt hoe gayaa haye. mink farr mein vyaapaar abb pramukh haye aur harr saal shahar mein farr kaa ack antarrashtriya pradarshan hotaa haye. farr vyaapaar castoria arthavyavastha kaa sabse badaa kaarak haye aur yeh 14veen shatabdi mein shuru huaa jaba shahar ney byzantine darbaariyon key vastron key astar key liye ermine pelt pradaan kiye. shuruati vyaapaari roose aur germany mein buss gaye. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta mein germany key vibhajan key baad, farr kendra leapsig seey frankfurt mein chalaa gayaa. 1940 key dashak key anta mein yunani grihyuddh key dauran, hajaaron castorian umradaraaz yahudi aapravasiyon kii jagah lene key liye sanyukt raajya america chaley gaye, jinhone newyork furier kaa mool gathan kiya thaa. 1984 mein, 25,000 castorian newyork key kshetra mein kaam curr rahey they aur reh rahey they, aur 10,000 frankfurt mein.
abb castoria mein 300 seey adhik chhote aur badey vikreta hain. anya udyogon mein sthaaniya roop seey ugaaye jaane vaale utpaadon, vishesh roop seey gehuun, seb, sharaab aur machhali kii bikri aur vitaran shamil haye. haal hii mein castoria shahar mein ack badaa kharidari kendra banaaya gayaa haye. kastoria mein 16 sthaaniya radio station, 2 tv station, 5 dainik samachar patra aur 7 saptahik hain. shahar key havaai adde kaa naam aristotelis havaai adda haye.
sthalchinh.
dhaarmik sthal.
castoria yunani roodhivaadi church key liye ack mahatvapurna dhaarmik kendra haye aur ack mahanagariya bishap kii seat haye. castoria kaa mahanagar grees mein naee bhoomi key mahanagaron mein seey ack haye, jise grees key church key hisse key roop mein prashaasit kiya jaataa haye. castoria mein mool roop seey 72 byzantine aur madhyayugeen church they, jinamen seey 54 butch gaye hain, jinamen mauzaaki key sent athanasius bhee shamil hain. inmein seey kuchh koo bahaal kiya gayaa haye aur vastukala aur bhitti chitrakaari kii dair seey byzantine shailiyon mein rujhaanon mein upayogi antardrishti pradaan kartaa haye.
castoria mein dou bektashi tech aur teen bektashi turb hotey they. pahala florida seey sadak parr shahar key pravesh dwaar parr sthit thaa aur ise vishesh roop seey "pracheen" aur pahale mahatvapurna kahaa jaataa thaa. 1826 key utpeedan key dauran ise nuksan uthaana padaa. isake mukhya sant, jinhen vahaan dafnaya gayaa thaa, kasim baaba naamak praarambhik bektashi missionaryon mein seey ack they, jinake baare mein kahaa jaataa haye kii way turkey vijay key samay mein rahate they aur lock itihas key anusaar, ack "maranoparant chamatkaarik karyakarta" they aur unhone ack vishal chattan koo sthaaniya church mein durghatanagrast karke kaee sthaaniya isaaiyon koo parivartit curr diyaa. haalaanki 19veen shatabdi mein iss tech koo ack soonni kaarravaai key tahat dabaa diyaa gayaa thaa. ack anya ullekhaniya tekke bairak key paas topalitza mein sthit thaa, aur isamen ack sthaaniya ullekhaniya sandjakdar allie baaba kii kabr key saath ack turb thaa. jipsey quarter key baahari ilaake mein aydeen baaba key liye ack turb bhee thaa.
sangrahalaya.
dexamenis varg parr sthit byzantine itihas kaa sangrahalaya byzantine pratimashastra key kaee udaharanon koo darshaata haye. veshbhusha sangrahalaya aur smaarak sangrahalaya bhee shahar mein sthit hain. castanophyto gaanv mein lokkatha sangrahalaya (castanophyto) haye, joe sthaaniya kshetra kii lock paramparaon koo sanrakshit kartaa haye.
castoria ottoman kaal key puraane manor seey bharaa huaa haye, jabaki purani byzantine divaaron key kuchh hisse bhee khade hain.
pull.
patthar key pull castoria kii paaramparik vastukala kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa hain. sabse prasiddh pull zauzauli kaa pull, coromilia kaa pull, kautsaumpaly pull aur beriki mein pull haye.
zauzauli kaa pull, joe castoria key praant key dakshini chhor parr ack doorasth kshetra mein sthit haye, zauzauli kii dhaara key paani parr banaaya gayaa haye aur aim. tii. koo jodata haye. aim. tii. key saath smolica. voyo. yeh dhanushakar haye, isaki lambai 25 meater aur oonchaai 7 meater haye. 1880 mein konitsa seey aaney vaale kaarigaron dwara iska nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. nirmaan kaa vittaposhan yaa tou ack vyakti seey kiya gayaa thaa, apane bhaai kii yaad mein joe nadee mein doob gayaa thaa, yaa ack shaasak seey, joe ack chhoti ladki key doobane seey hill gayaa thaa, pull banaana chaahata thaa.
kautaumpali kaa pull vaayo aur smolicas key pahaadon key beach, zauzauli nadee parr sthit haye aur yeh pahale aptachory aur zauzauli key gaanvon koo jodata thaa. iska mehrab 14 meater chauda, 8 meater unchaa haye aur isaki kull lambai 33 meater aur chaudaai 2.4 meater haye.
beriki mein pull kaa mehrab bahut patala aur oonchaai bahut badee haye. iska nirmaan master builder slolios dwara kiya gayaa thaa, joe shayed 1866 mein dendrochory gaanv seey aaya thaa. pull key buggle mein sambhavatah ack paani kii mill aur ack saraay thee. shayed, yeh vaha jagah haye jahan seey iss kshetra kaa naam aaya (inn beriki).
coromilia kaa pull ladopotamos nadee parr banaaya gayaa haye aur iska upayog coromilia key gaanv koo dendrochory key gaanv seey jodane key liye kiya jaataa haye. yeh dhanushakar haye aur isaki lambai 26 meater, chaudaai 2.8 meater, oonchaai 7 meater aur mehrab udghaatan 16 meater haye. yeh 1865 mein banaaya gayaa thaa aur isamen choona patthar aur shist slate shamil hain.
shiksha.
paschimi macedonia vishvavidyalaya key vigyaan vidyalaya mein dou vibhaag (soochana vigyaan aur ganit) hain, saath hii saath sanchaar aur digital media aur arthshastra key vibhaag bhee hain.
vyanjan.
sthaaniya visheshtaon mein shamil hainh
khel.
castoria aff. see. shahar kii football team haye. isaki sthaapana 1963 mein hui thee jaba teen sthaaniya paksh castoria kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye ack majboot team banaane key liye shamil hue they. team key abb taka key sabse safal varsh 1974 mein they jaba unhein greek pratham shreni mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa aur ack saal key liye vahaan pratispardha kii gaee thee, aur 1979-1980 mein jaba unhone final mein irakalis aff. see. parr 5-2 kii prabhaavshaali jeet key baad greek cup jeetaa thaa.
roingah landan 2012 olympic khelah gianese christo, christina giazitzidou
brazil 2016 olympic khelah gianese christo
jalavaayu.
castoria mein aardr uposhnakatibandhiya jalavaayu (see. aff. aeye.) haye. jheel key madhyam prabhaav key parinamswarup, yeh baaki paschimi macedonia kii tulanaa mein cumm charam tapman darj kartaa haye.
antarrashtriya sambandh.
judvaan shahar-bahan shahar.
castoria key saath jodaa gayaa haih

