
pulis pradhikaran

united kingdam mein ack pulis pradhikaran ack saarvajanik pradhikaran haye joe ack pulis bull key sanchaalan kii dekhrekh key liye jimmedaar haye. pulis adhikaariyon kii prakriti aur sanrachana samay key saath bhinn hui haye, aur abb united kingdam mein kewal chaar samarpit "pulis adhikaari" hain, halanki yeh shabd vibhinn samaan uttaradhikari nikaayon koo sandarbhit curr sakata haye.
jaba taka kii 2012/13, ingland aur wells mein 43 kshetriya pulis balon mein seey pratyek key liye aur scotland mein 8 kshetriya pulis balon key liye vyaktigat pulis adhikaariyon koo banaae rakhaa gayaa thaa. ingland aur wells mein pulis adhikaariyon koo navambar 2012 mein samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur seedhe nirvaachit pulis aur aparaadh ayukton key saath pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, aur scotland mein una logon koo aprail 2013 mein pulis scotland key nirmaan key hisse key roop mein scotish pulis pradhikaran banaane key liye vilay curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe scotland key liye ekal pulis bull thaa. uttari ireland kii pulis seva kii dekhrekh uttari ireland policing board dwara kii jaati haye, aur teen yuu. key.-vyaapi vishesh pulis balon mein seey dou kii dekhrekh vyaktigat pulis adhikaariyon dwara kii jaati haye. landan mein seva curr rahey dou pulis balon kii nigrani koo anoothi vyavasthaon key madhyam seey lagu kiya jaa rhaa haye.
ingland aur wells.
1964 taka kaa praarambhik itihas.
ingland aur wells mein rashtriya star parr pulis balon kii shuruat nagar nigam adhiniyam 1835 key saath hui, jisamen pratyek nagar koo ack "nigrani samiti" sthaapit karane aur iss prakaar "shaanti banaae rakhane" key liye sipahi niyukt karane kii aavashyakta thee. pulis adhikaariyon key aagaman seey pahale, pulis balon key liye niyaamak nikaay ack hii baro taka seemit they, jabaki 1889 seey countiyon key liye yeye "sthaayi sanyukt samitiyaan" theen (1889 key baad kuchh niyantran nirvaachit county parishad koo paarit kiya gayaa; sanyukt samiti mein magistrate bhee they).
1964: swatantra pulis pradhikaranon kaa nirmaan.
pulis adhiniyam 1964 ney 1962 mein pulis parr shaahi aayog kii report key baad ingland aur wells mein sangathan aur pulis kii nigrani mein badey sudhaaron kii shuruat kii. 1964 key adhiniyam ney purani nigrani samiti pranali koo samaapt curr diyaa joe kaee uchch-profile bhrashtachar ghotalon key baad gambhir aalochana key dayare mein aaa gaee thee.
adhiniyam ney pulis kshetron kii shuruat kii, joe prashaasnik county, county baro yaa "sanyukt pulis kshetra" honge, jisamen county aur county baro key sanyojan shamil honge, joe ack ekal bull dwara seva pradaan karate hain, ack swatantra "pulis pradhikaran" dwara dekhrekh kii jaati haye. nae pulis adhikaariyon mein county yaa baro parishadon key dou-tihai nirvaachit sadasya aur ack-tihai magistrate shamil honge. sthaaniya sarkaar adhiniyam 1972 key tahat shesh baro pulis balon koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur pulis adhikaariyon mein dou seey ack key anupaat mein county paarshad aur magistrate shamil they.
pulis aur magistrate adalat adhiniyam 1994 ney swatantra sadasyon koo jodane key saath adhikaariyon kii sanrachana koo badal diyaa. aam taur parr, ack pulis pradhikaran satrah sadasyon seey banaa hotaa thaa-nau nirvaachit sadasya (joe bull kshetra key liye sthaaniya pradhikaran yaa adhikaariyon seey liye gaye they, aur una adhikaariyon key raajneetik banaavat koo pratibimbit karate they). shesh aathh sadasyon koo swatantra sadasya kahaa jaataa thaa, aur sthaaniya samudaay seey pulis pradhikaran dwara hii chaar saal kii nishchit avadhi key liye niyukt kiya jaataa thaa-praapt avedanon seey ack lambi soochi, nirvaachit sadasyon aur magistrates kii ack samiti dwara grih karyalaya mein prastut kii jaati thee. usa samiti ney taba grih karyalaya dwara vaapas kii gaee ack chhoti soochi seey swatantra sadasyon koo niyukt kiya. pulis pradhikaran key cumm seey cumm teen swatantra sadasya magistrate they. vibhinn prakaar key sadasyon key beach shakti yaa jimmedaari mein koee antar naheen thaa-poore ingland aur wells mein nirvaachit, swatantra aur magistrate sadasyon key pulis adhikaariyon kii adhyakshata karane key udaaharan they.
dhana.
pulis nidhi kaa badaa hissa grih karyalaya seey vaarshik anudan key roop mein aaya (ingland aur wells mein 43 balon key beach key antar koo dhyaan mein rakhane key liye grih karyalaya dwara aanupaatik aadhar parr ganana kii gaee, joe jansankhya, bhaugolik aakar aur aparaadh key star aur rujhaanon key sandarbh mein mahatvapurna roop seey bhinn hoti haye), halanki pulis adhikaari atirikt dhana jutaane key liye parishad curr parr ack niyam bhee nirdhaarit curr sakate they. grih karyalaya key paas kissy bhee niyam vriddhi koo atyadhik maane jaane seey rokane kii shakti thee. bull kshetra key liye bajat nirdhaarit karna pulis pradhikaran kii jimmedaari thee, jisamen yeh sunishchit karane key liye kii vaha apane karyon koo prabhaavi dhang seey curr sakey, samagr policing bajat seey paryaapt dhana aavantit karna shamil thaa.
apani vaarshik policing yojana mein, ack pulis pradhikaran varsh key liye apane bajat koo prakaashit karane key saath-saath dhana vivaran key liye ack moolya aur niyojit dakshata bachat kii ruprekha taiyar karane key liye baadhya thaa.
nireekshan.
unaki maharani key constabulary key nireekshan aur lekha pariksha aayog (yaa wells mein velsh audit aayog) ney sitambar 2009 mein pulis adhikaariyon key liye nireekshan kaa ack karyakram shuru kiya. nireekshan pulis pradhikaran kshamata key chaar kshetron koo score kartaa haih
pratyek vishay koo ack seey chaar taka ank diye gaye theh
pulis pradhikaran koo bhee usee 1-4 pranali kaa upayog karke samagr ank diyaa gayaa thaa.
duss nireekshan report prakaashit kii gaeen, jisamen adhikansh nireekshan kiye gaye adhikaariyon ney 2 ank praapt kiye. nireekshakon ney march 2010 mein pahale duss nirikshanon seey apane nishkarshon koo rekhaankit karate hue "seekhane key sabakah aich. aim. see. aur lekha pariksha aayog dwara pulis adhikaariyon key pahale duss sanyukt nirikshanon kaa ack avalokan" prakaashit kiya.
2012: ingland aur wells mein pulis adhikaariyon kaa unmoolan.
2010 key british aam chunaav abhiyaan mein, donon roodhivaadi party aur udaarvaadi loktantravadiyon key ghoshanapatron ney kramshah pulis adhikaariyon koo badalane yaa sudhaar karane kii yojanaon koo rekhaankit kiya, donon dalon ney una samudaayon key prati pulis adhikaariyon kii kathit jawabdehi kii kamee key baare mein chinta jataai, jinaki unhone seva kii thee. roodhivaadiyon ney unhein ack ekal nirvaachit vyakti (ack 'pulis aur aparaadh aayukt', jisaki pulis mein kuchh logon dwara ack model key roop mein aalochana kii gaee) key saath badalane kaa prastaav rakhaa, jabaki udaar loktantravadiyon ney apani shaktiyon koo majboot karate hue pulis adhikaariyon key liye seedhe chunaav shuru karane kaa prastaav rakhaa. pulis sudhaar aur samajik jimmedaari adhiniyam 2011 kii shaahi sahamati key baad pulis adhikaariyon koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa aur 22 navambar 2012 koo seedhe nirvaachit pulis aur aparaadh ayukton key saath pratisthaapit curr diyaa gayaa. pulis adhikaariyon key kaee nivartamaan sadasya pee. see. see. kii bhoomika key liye khade hue, kshetra mein apane kramik anubhav koo ujagar karate hue, aur kaee chune gaye.
landan.
mahanagar pulis aur landan shahar pulis aitihaasik roop seey rashtriya shasson key apavaad rahey hain. 1829 mein apane pratishthaan seey 2000 taka mahanagar pulis grih sachiv key pratyaksh niyantran mein thee, jaba bull kii dekhrekh key liye grater landan pradhikaran key tahat mahanagar pulis pradhikaran (aim. pee. aeye.) kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. janwari 2012 mein pulis aur aparaadh ayukton kii shuruat key saath-saath, landan key mahapour key niyantran mein, pulis aur aparaadh key liye mahapour key karyalaya dwara, aur landan vidhansabha kii pulis aur aparaadh samiti koo report karane key liye aim. pee. aeye. koo badal diyaa gayaa thaa. ingland aur wells mein anya pulis balon key vipareet, jahaan mukhya adhikaari koo sthaaniya roop seey nirvaachit pulis aur aparaadh aayukt dwara niyukt kiya jaataa haye, mahanagar pulis key kaam key rashtriya aur antarrashtriya mahatva kaa matlab haye kii mahanagar pulis aayukt kii niyukti abhee bhee grih sachiv (aur samrat dwara samvaidhaanik roop seey kii gaee) key haathon mein haye, halanki unhein 2000 mein usa pada kii shuruat key baad seey landan key mahapour dwara kii gaee kissy bhee sifaarishon koo dhyaan mein rakhna chaahiye.
landan shahar nigam 1839 mein apani aupchaarik sthaapana key baad seey landan shahar pulis key liye pulis pradhikaran rhaa haye. 2012 mein pulis aur aparaadh ayukton kii shuruat key bavjood, pulis sudhaar aur samajik jimmedaari adhiniyam 2011 dwara pulis pradhikaran key roop mein nigam kaa kaary barkarar rakhaa gayaa thaa. iss kaary kaa vartamaan mein samanya parishad kii adalat key pulis pradhikaran board dwara prayog kiya jaataa haye, joe nigam koo chalaane vaalaa nirvaachit nikaay haye. board key gyaarah sadasya-adhyaksh aur unake upa-sahit-samanya parishad key nirvaachit sadasya hain, aur anya teen swatantra sadasya niyukt kiye jaate hain. landan shahar key pulis aayukt kii niyukti abb samanya parishad dwara kii jaati haye (halanki takniki roop seey raani dwara).
uttari ireland.
uttari ireland (psni) kii pulis seva kii nigrani uttari ireland policing board dwara kii jaati haye, jisamen seey duss uttari ireland vidhansabha key sadasya hain aur nau swatantra hain. board aur psni kramshah uttari ireland aur shaahi alster constabulary key liye pulis pradhikaran key uttaradhikari hain, jinhen unhone 4 navambar 2001 koo pratisthaapit kiya.
scotland.
scotland mein, pulis kii dekhrekh aitihaasik roop seey nirvaachit sthaaniya pradhikaran kii jimmedaari thee joe yaa tou seedhe sthaaniya pulis bull kii nigrani kartaa thaa jahaan isaki seema bull key saath samaapt hoe rahee thee, yaa padosi sthaaniya adhikaariyon key saath sanyukt boardon key madhyam seey jahaan ack bull ack seey adhik parishad kshetra koo cover kartaa thaa. scotland mein aathh kshetriya pulis balon koo aprail 2013 mein pulis scotland dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jisaki dekhrekh scotish pulis pradhikaran dwara kii jaati haye, joe ack swatantra saarvajanik nikaay haye joe scotish sansad koo report kartaa haye. spaa ney scotish pulis seva pradhikaran koo bhee shamil kiya, joe scotish aparaadh aur nashili davaaon key pravartan key liye pulis pradhikaran thaa (swayam pulis scotland mein vilay hoe gayaa).
ekal pradhikaran.
nimnalikhit pulis balon kii nigrani ack ekal sthaaniya pradhikaran dwara kii gaee theeh
sanyukt pulis board.
nimnalikhit pulis balon kii nigrani ack sanyukt board dwara kii gaee theeh
vishesh pulis bull.
united kingdam mein vibhinn vishesh pulis balon mein seey pratyek key nireekshan kii alag-alag vyavasthaaen hain.
british parivahan pulis.
british parivahan pulis, ack niji vitt poshit pulis bull joe grate britten key railway kii policing key liye jimmedaar haye, british parivahan pulis pradhikaran dwara paryavekshit haye. pradhikaran kaa nirmaan 2004 mein railway aur parivahan suraksha adhiniyam 2003 dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh lagbhag 12-15 sadasyon seey banaa haye, jinamen seey pratyek railway key niyantran, sanchaalan yaa upayog seey sambandhit samoohon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. inmein railway operators, railway upayogkartaon (maal aur yatri), karmchaariyon aur ingland, scotland aur wells mein parivahan seey nipatane vaale upayukt sarkari vibhagon key pratinidhi shamil hain.
nagrik paramanu bhandar.
nagrik paramanu bhandar, joe sanyukt raajya mein paramanu oorjaa seey sambandhit suvidhaon aur shipment kii pulis kartaa haye, nagrik paramanu pulis pradhikaran dwara paryavekshit kiya jaataa haye. pradhikaran 2004 mein oorjaa adhiniyam 2004 dwara banaaya gayaa thaa; yeh aathh sadasyon seey banaa haye; chaar paramanu udyog dwara naamit kiye jaate hain, jabaki shesh chaar mein adhyaksh shamil hotey hain.
raksha pulis mantralaya.
raksha pulis mantralaya key paas pulis adhikaar naheen haye; haalaanki, raksha pulis adhiniyam 1987 dwara sthaapit raksha pulis samiti mantralaya, raksha pulis mantralaya seey sambandhit mamalon parr raksha raajya sachiv koo salah detaa haye. pulis kadachar aur appeal mamalon koo nirdhaarit karane mein samiti (yaa usake sadasyon) key vibhinn kaary bhee hain.

