soviyat sangh dwara videshi hastakshep

apane itihas key dauran, soviyat sangh ney kaee avsaron parr videshon mein hastakshep kiya.
chean parr aakraman (1934).
1934 mein, chean ganarajya kii kuomintang sarkaar dwara samarthit maa jhongying key sanic, kumul vidroh mein uramki (1933-34) kii ladaai key dauran soviyat graahak sheng shikai koo haraane key kagaar parr they.
maa jhongying, ack hui (cheeni musalman), ney pahale 1929 mein nanjing mein vampoa sainya akadami mein bhaag liya thaa, jaba ise chiang kaaee-shake dwara chalaaya jaataa thaa, joe kuomintang key pramukh aur chean key netaa bhee they.
maa jhongying koo akadami seey snaatak honey key baad gansu vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa aur kumul vidroh mein ladaa gayaa, jahaan chean kii kuomintang sarkaar key maun samarthan key saath, unhone pahale governor jinn shuren key netritva mein soviyat samarthak praantiya sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane kii koshish kii. maa ney kumul khaanate key wafadaron key samarthan mein shinziang parr aakraman kiya aur kumintang seey 36vein division key roop mein aadhikarik anumodan aur padnam praapt kiya.
1933 key anta mein, haan cheeni praantiya commander general jhaang peyuan aur unaki senaa praantiya sarkaar kii or seey maa jhongying kii or chully gaee aur jinn shuren kii praantiya sarkaar key khilaf yuddh chhedane mein unake saath shamil hoe gaee.
1934 mein, lagbhag 7,000 soviyat jee. pee. yuu. sainikon kii dou brigedon ney, sarason gais key saath tankon, havaai jahaajon aur topkhaane key samarthan seey, shinziang parr niyantran hassil karane mein sheng shikai kii sahaayata key liye seema paar kii. brigedon kaa naam "altayiski" aur "tarbakhatiski" rakhaa gayaa thaa. sheng kii manchurian senaa koo general jhaang peyuan key netritva mein haan cheeni senaa key gathbandhan aur maa jhongying key netritva mein 36vein division dwara buri tarah haraaya jaa rhaa thaa. maa ney chean sarkaar key kuomintang ganarajya key jhande key neeche ladaai ladee. sanyukt soviyat-shwet russie bull koo "altai swayamsevak" kahaa jaataa thaa. soviyat sainikon ney binaa nishan vaali vardi mein khud koo prachhann kiya, aur gorey rusiyon key beach titar-bitar hoe gaye.
apani shuruati safaltaon key bavjood, jhaang kii senaa koo kulja aur chuguchak mein parajit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur unhone kabja karane seey bachane key liye muzart darre parr ladaai key baad aatmahatya curr lii.
bhale hii soviyat sangh maanav shakti aur praudyogiki donon mein 36vein division seey behtar they, lekin unhein hafton taka roque diyaa gayaa aur gambhir hataahat hue. 36veen division soviyat senaa koo sainya upkaranon key saath sheng kii aapoorti seey rokane mein kamyab rahee. maa shih-ming key netritva mein cheeni muslim sanic machinegan, tank aur vimaanon seey lais uchch laal senaa balon koo lagbhag 30 dinon taka rokane mein kamyab rahey.
36vein division key upa-mandal commander maa hushan aakraman key dauran russie balon parr jeet key liye jaane gaye.
iss samay, chiang kaaee-shake huang shaohong aur apane abhiyaan bull koo bhejane key liye taiyar thaa, jise vaha sheng key khilaf maa jhongying kii sahaayata key liye ikattha kiya, lekin jaba chiang ney soviyat aakraman key baare mein sunaa, tou unhone ack antarrashtriya ghatana seey bachane key liye peechhe hatane kaa faisala kiya, yadi unake sanic seedhe soviyaton seey judey hue hain.
sheetkaleen yuddh (1939-40).
30 navambar 1939 koo, soviyat sangh ney dwiteeya vishva yuddh key shuru honey key teen maheene baad finland parr aakraman kiya, aur saadhe teen maheene baad 13 march 1940 koo masco shaanti sandhi key saath samaapt huaa. rashtra sangh ney hamale koo avaidh maanaa aur soviyat sangh koo sangathan seey nishkaasit curr diyaa.
sangharsh taba shuru huaa jaba soviyat sangh ney kuchh finish kshetra praapt karane kii maang kii, anya riyaayaton key saath-saath suraksha karanon kaa daavaa karate hue, kii finland ney kaheen aur bhoomi key badale mein paryaapt seemavarti kshetron koo chhod diyaa-mukhya roop seey finish seema seey 32 kimmy (20 meal) door, leninagrad kii suraksha. finland ney incar curr diyaa, isaliye yuu. aiss. aiss. aar. ney desh parr aakraman curr diyaa. kaee sroton kaa nishkarsh haye kii soviyat sangh kaa irada poore finland koo jeetane kaa thaa, aur kathputali finish communist sarkaar kii sthaapana aur molotov-rebentrop samjhaute key gupt protocol kaa upayog isake pramaan key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki anya srot poorna soviyat vijay key vichaar key khilaf tark dete hain. finland ney dou maheene seey adhik samay taka soviyat hamalon koo peechhe hataaya aur aakramankariyon koo kaafee nuksan pahunchaaya, jabaki tapman-43 degree celsius (-45 degree fahrenheit) taka cumm thaa. soviyat senaa key punargathit honey aur vibhinn ranneetiyon koo apanaane key baad, unhone farwari mein apane aakraman koo phir seey shuru kiya aur finish raksha parr kaaboo paaya.
march 1940 mein masco shaanti sandhi parr hastakshar key saath shatruta samaapt hoe gaee. finland ney apane kshetra kaa 11 pratishat hissa soviyat sangh koo saunp diyaa joe apani arthavyavastha kaa 30 pratishat hissa haye. soviyat sangh koo bhaari nuksan huaa aur desh kii antarrashtriya pratishtha koo nuksan huaa. soviyat sangh key laabh unaki yuddh-poorv maangon seey adhik they aur yuu. aiss. aiss. aar. koo ladoga jheel aur uttari finland mein paryaapt kshetra praapt huaa. finland ney apani samprabhuta koo barkarar rakhaa aur apani antarrashtriya pratishtha koo badhaaya. laal senaa key kharaab pradarshan ney adolph hitler koo yeh sochane key liye protsaahit kiya kii soviyat sangh parr hamla safal hoga aur soviyat senaa key nakaratmak paschimi vichaaron kii pushti kii. 15 maheene kii antarim shaanti key baad, juuna 1941 mein, naazi germany ney operation barbarosa shuru kiya aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh kaa soviyat-finish rangmanch, jise nirantarta yuddh key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, phir seey bhadak uthaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh (1939-45).
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran soviyat sangh kii neeti agast 1939 taka tatasth thee, jisake baad purvi europe koo banaane key liye germany key saath maitripurna sambandh they. yuu. aiss. aiss. aar. ney germany koo tail aur golaa-barud kii aapoorti mein madad kii kyonki isaki senaayen maee-juuna 1940 mein paschimi europe mein ghoomati raheen. baar-baar chetavani key bavjood, stallin ney yeh maanane seey incar curr diyaa kii hitler yuu. aiss. aiss. aar. parr ack poorna yuddh kii yojana banaa rhaa thaa. juuna 1941 mein jaba hitler ney aakraman kiya tou stallin stabdh aur asthaayi roop seey asahaay hoe gayaa thaa. stallin jaldi hii britten aur sanyukt raajya america key saath samjhauta karane lagaa, joe shikhar baithakon kii ack shrinkhala key madhyam seey majboot huaa. yuu.aiss. aur britten ney rinn patte key madhyam seey badee matra mein yuddh samagri kii aapoorti kii. sainya kaarravaai kaa kuchh samanvaya thaa, vishesh roop seey 1944 kii garmiyon mein.
aaee. dee. 1 mein, laal senaa ney poori tarah seey yaa aanshik roop seey romenia, bulgaria, hangri, yugoslavia, polland, chekoslovakia, austriya, denmark, finland aur norwey parr kabja curr liya.
navambar 1943 mein tehran sammelan aur farwari 1945 mein yalta sammelan mein sahyogiyon key saath sahamati key anusaar, soviyat sangh ney europe mein yuddh kii samaapti key teen maheene key bheetar dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prashant rangmanch mein pravesh kiya. aakraman 9 agast 1945 koo shuru huaa, thheek 8 maee (9 maee, 0:43 masco samay) koo german aatmasamarpan key teen maheene baad. haalaanki aakraman kii shuruat 6 agast koo hiroshima parr americi paramanu bambari key beach hui, aur 9 agast koo nagasaki bambari seey kuchh ghante pahale, aakraman kaa samay achchi tarah seey pahale seey yojnabaddh kiya gayaa thaa aur tehran aur yalta mein samjhauton key samay, tehran key baad seey sudur poorv mein soviyat senaa key deerghakaalik nirmaan aur german aatmasamarpan kii tarikh seey nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa; lagbhag teen maheene pahale; 3 agast koo, marshel vasilevsky ney pradhaan joseph stallin koo soochit kiya kii yadi aavashyak hoe, tou vaha 5 agast kii subah hamla curr sakata haye. 8 agast 1945 koo raat 11 baje trance-backle (utc + 10) samay parr, soviyat videsh mantri vyacheslav molotov ney japani rajdoot naotech saato koo soochit kiya kii soviyat sangh ney japan key khilaf yuddh kii ghoshana curr dee haye, aur 9 agast seey soviyat sarkaar khud koo japan key saath yuddh mein maanegi.
sheet yuddh.
koriyai yuddh (1950-53).
halanki koriyai yuddh (1950-53) key dauran aadhikarik roop seey yuddharat naheen thaa, soviyat sangh ney sangharsh mein ack mahatvapurna, gupt bhoomika nibhai; isane samagri aur chikitsa sevaaon key saath-saath soviyat pilots aur vimaanon, vishesh roop seey mig-15 ladaakoo vimaanon koo sanyukt rashtra balon key khilaf uttari koriyai-cheeni balon kii sahaayata key liye pradaan kiya. soviyat sangh ney daavaa kiya kii yuddh key pahale varsh mein hii 510 yuu. aine. vimaanon koo maar giraaya gayaa aur poore yuddh key dauran kull 1,300 vimaanon koo maar giraaya gayaa, jabaki kewal 345 vimaanon koo hii unhone khou diyaa.
1956 kii hangri kranti.
stallin kii mrityu key baad stellinwadi hangerian tanashah matyas rakosi kii jagah imre naagi ney leey lii aur polish sudhaarvaadi vladislav gomulka ney kuchh sudhaarvaadi anurodhon koo lagu karane mein saksham hoe gaye, badee sankhya mein pradarshankari hungarians ney swatantra gupt-matpatra chunaav, swatantra nyayadhikaran aur stellin aur rakosi hangerian gatividhiyon kii jaanch sahit maangon kii ack soochi sankalit kii. soviyat raksha mantri georgy jhukov key adesh parr, soviyat tank budapest mein pravesh curr gaye. sansad parr pradarshankari hamalon ney soviyat samarthit sarkaar koo dhwast karane key liye majboor curr diyaa.
kranti key dauran satta mein aaee naee sarkaar ney hangri kii gupt pulis koo aupchaarik roop seey bhang curr diyaa, yuddh sandhi seey hatane key apane iraade kii ghoshana kii aur swatantra chunaavon koo phir seey sthaapit karane kaa sankalp liya. isake baad soviyat polit beuro ney ack badee soviyat senaa key saath desh key buddepest aur anya kshetron parr aakraman karate hue kranti koo kuchalane key liye kadam uthaaya. lagbhag 200,000 hangriwasi hangri seey bhaag gaye, lagbhag 26,000 hangriwasiyon parr naee soviyat-sthaapit janos kaadar sarkaar dwara mukadama chalaaya gayaa aur unamen seey 13,000 koo kaid curr liya gayaa. juuna 1958 mein gupt parikshanon key baad, paal mallator aur miklos gims key saath, imre naagi koo fansi dee gaee thee. janwari 1957 taka, hangri sarkaar ney sabhi saarvajanik virodh koo dabaa diyaa thaa. inn hangri sarkaar key hinsak damankari karyon ney kaee paschimi marksvadiyon koo alag-thalag curr diyaa, phir bhee sabhi europeeya communist raajyon mein communist niyantran koo majboot kiya, iss dhaarana koo vikasit kiya kii saamyvaad aparivartaniya aur akhand donon thaa.
chekoslovakia kaa aakraman (1968).
raajneetik udaarikaran kii ack avadhi 1968 mein purvi gutt desh chekoslovakia mein hui jise praag spring kahaa jaataa haye. iss ghatana koo kaee ghatnaaon seey badhaava milaa, jisamen aarthik sudhaar shamil they, jinhone 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein aarthik mandee koo sambodhit kiya thaa. aprail mein, chekoslovakia key netaa alekjendar dubeck ney udaarikaran kaa ack "kaary karyakram" shuru kiya, jisamen press kii swatantrata, abhivyakti kii swatantrata aur aavaajaahi kii swatantrata koo badhaana, upabhokta vastuon parr aarthik jore denaa, bahudaliya sarkaar kii sambhavana aur gupt pulis kii shakti koo seemit karna shamil thaa. purvi gutt key bheetar praarambhik pratikriya mishrit thee, hangri key janos kaadar ney samarthan vyakt kiya, jabaki soviyat netaa leonid brejhanev aur anya loga dubeck key sudhaaron key baare mein chintit hoe gaye, jisase unhein darr thaa kii sheet yuddh key dauran purvi gutt kii sthiti kamjor hoe sakati haye. 3 agast koo, soviyat sangh, purvi germany, polland, hangri, bulgaria aur chekoslovakia key pratinidhiyon ney bratislava mein mulakat kii aur bratislava ghoshana parr hastakshar kiye, jisane ghoshana mein markswad-leninism aur sarvahara antarrashtriyata key prati atoot nishtha kii pushti kii aur "burjua" vichardhara aur sabhi "asamajik" taakton key khilaf ack atoot sangharsh kii ghoshana kii.
agast 1968 kii raat koo, chaar yuddh sandhi deshon-soviyat sangh, bulgaria, polland aur hangri kii purvi gutt senaaon ney chekoslovakia parr aakraman kiya. brejhanev siddhant key saath aakraman, purvi gutt raajyon koo rashtriya hiton koo samagr roop seey gutt key adheen karane key liye majboor karane kii neeti aur yadi koee purvi gutt desh poonjeevaad kii or badhata huaa dikhaai detaa haye tou hastakshep karane key soviyat adhikaar kaa prayog. aakraman key baad pravaas kii ack lahar aaee, jisamen anumaanit 70,000 check shuru mein bhaag gaye, kull antatah 300,000 taka pahunch gaye. aprail 1969 mein, dubeck koo gustaav husak dwara pratham sachiv key roop mein pratisthaapit kiya gayaa, aur "saamaanyikaran" kii avadhi shuru hui. husak ney dubeck key sudhaaron koo ulat diyaa, party koo udaar sadasyon seey mukt curr diyaa, virodhiyon koo saarvajanik pada seey barkhast curr diyaa, pulis adhikaariyon kii shakti koo bahaal kiya, arthavyavastha koo phir seey kendrikrit karane kii maang kii aur mukhyadhara key media mein raajneetik tippani kii asweekriti koo phir seey sthaapit kiya aur una logon dwara jinhen "poorna raajneetik vishvaas" naheen maanaa jaataa thaa. soviyat sangh kii antarrashtriya chhavi koo kaafee nuksan huaa, vishesh roop seey "nae vaam" aur gutnirpeksh andolan raajyon seey prerit paschimi chhaatr andolanon key beach. udaaharan key liye, maao jedong key janvaadi ganarajya chean ney soviyat aur americi donon koo samrajyavadi bataaya.
viyatnam yuddh (1964-1975).
lagbhag 3,300 soviyat sainya visheshagyon koo, jinamen spetsnaz bhee shamil they, viyatnam yuddh key dauran dakshin poorv asia bheja gayaa thaa. dakshin viyatnam mein, afavaahen varshon taka bunny raheen kii neeli aankho vaale purushon koo kathit taur parr punarnirmaan mission karate aur apani naee svd dragunov sniper rifles kaa pareekshan karate dekhaa gayaa thaa. johnn striker meyer adhyayan aur avalokan samooh rt idaho key saath they aur 1968 mein laao mein kaam curr rahee spetsnaaz ikaaiyon key saath unaki dou muthbhedon hui theen.
unakaa mission doguna thaa. ack, ack saamyavaadi rashtra koo ack americi sahayogi koo haraane mein madad karein aur dou, apane sabse parishkrit radar aur misaailon kaa pareekshan aur mulyankan seedhe sabse achche americi vimaan key khilaf karein. soviyat sangh ney cumm seey cumm 2 bahut mahatvapurna americi khufiya upkaran, ack cryptographic code machine aur ack ack escape capsule baramad kiya, joe abb masco sangrahalaya mein haye.
anya yuddh.
soviyat "sainya salaahkaaron" ney cumm seey cumm chaar yuddhon mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaaih
afghanistan parr aakraman (1979-89).
afghanistan mein 1978 key takhtapalat key dauran, jahaan communist party ney satta sambhali, isane poore desh mein kattarpanthi aadhunikikaran sudhaaron kii ack shrinkhala shuru kii, joe vishesh roop seey adhik paaramparik graameen aabaadi aur sthaapit paaramparik shakti sanrachanaon key beach majboor aur bahut alokpriya they. hajaaron raajneetik kaidiyon koo fansi dene sahit vipaksh koo jordar tareeke seey dabaane kii shasson kii prakriti ney sarkaar virodhi sashastr samoohon kaa uday kiya aur aprail 1979 taka desh key badey hisse khule vidroh mein they. sattaaroodh dall ney khud gahari pratidvandvita kaa anubhav kiya, aur sitambar 1979 mein peepuls democratic party off afghanistan (pee. dee. pee. aeye.) key mahasachiv noor mohammad taraki kii hatyaa dwiteeya-inn-kamaand, hafizullah ameen key adesh parr curr dee gaee, jisane soviyat sangh key saath sambandhon koo kharaab curr diyaa. antatah soviyat sarkaar, mahasachiv leonid brejhanev key adheen, 24 disambar 1979 koo 40veen senaa koo tainaat karane kaa faisala kiya. kabul kii rajdhani mein pahunchate hue, unhone ack takhtapalat kiya, jisamen pdpa key mahasachiv ameen kii maut hoe gaee aur ack pratidvandi gutt seey soviyat wafadar babrak karmal koo sthaapit kiya gayaa. iss tainaati koo brejhanev siddhant key aadhar parr vibhinn roop seey "aakraman" (paschimi aur gutnirpeksh media aur vidrohiyon dwara) yaa ack vaidh samarthan hastakshep (soviyat sangh aur afghan sarkaar dwara) kahaa gayaa thaa.
janwari 1980 mein, islami sammelan key 34 deshon key videsh mantriyon ney afghanistan seey "soviyat sainikon kii tatkaal, tatkaal aur binaa shart vaapsee" kii maang karate hue ack prastaav paarit kiya. sanyukt rashtra mahasabha ney soviyat hastakshep kaa virodh karate hue 104 (paksh) seey 18 (virodh) key mutt seey ack prastaav paarit kiya, jisamen 18 anupasthit rahey aur 152-rashtra sabhaa key 12 sadasya anupasthit rahey yaa matdan mein bhaag naheen liya; kewal soviyat sahayogi angola, purvi germany aur viyatnam ney bhaarat key saath hastakshep kaa samarthan kiya. afghan vidrohiyon koo padosi pakistan aur chean mein bhaari matra mein sahaayata aur sainya prashikshan praapt honah shuru hoe gayaa, jiska bhugtan mukhya roop seey faras kii khaadi mein sanyukt raajya america aur arab rajshahi dwara kiya gayaa. jaisa kii rashtriya suraksha abhilekhagar dwara pralekhit kiya gayaa haye, "kendriya khufiya agency (see. aaee. aeye.) ney yuu. parr jore dene mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai.aiss. usa desh parr soviyat aakraman koo whiffle karane key liye design kiye gaye sainya abhiyaanon koo vittaposhit karke afghanistan mein prabhaav. cia kii gupt kaarravaai ney afghan vidrohi samoohon taka pahunchane key liye pakistani khufiya sevaaon key madhyam seey kaam kiya."soviyat sainikon ney shaharon aur sanchaar kii mukhya dhamniyon parr kabja curr liya, jabaki mujahideen ney desh key lagbhag 80 pratishat hisse mein sakriya chhote samoohon mein chhapamar yuddh chhed diyaa, joe sarkaar aur soviyat niyantran seey baahar thaa, lagbhag vishesh roop seey graameen graameen kshetra they. soviyat sangh ney vidrohiyon aur nagrikon donon key saath kathorta seey nipatane key liye apani vayu shakti kaa upayog kiya, gaanvon koo samtal karke mujahideen koo surakshit panaah dene seey incar curr diyaa, mahatvapurna sinchai gaddhon koo nasht curr diyaa aur laakhon bhoomi khadaanen bichhaai.
antarrashtriya samudaay ney soviyat sangh aur yuu. aiss. key khilaf kaee pratibandh aur pratibandh lagaae.aiss. masco mein aayojit 1980 grishmakaaleen olympic key bahishkaar kaa netritva kiya. bahishkaar aur pratibandhon ney sheet yuddh key tanaav koo badhaa diyaa aur soviyat sarkaar koo krodhit curr diyaa, jisake kaaran baad mein loss angils mein aayojit 1984 key grishmakaaleen olympic kaa pratishodh bahishkaar kiya gayaa. soviyat sangh ney shuru mein shaharon aur sadakon koo surakshit karane, nae netaa karmal key netritva mein sarkaar koo sthir karane aur chhah maheene yaa ack saal key bheetar peechhe hatane kii yojana banaai. lekin unhein chhapamaron key bheeshan pratirodh kaa saamana karna padaa, aur way nau saal taka chaley ack khooni yuddh mein funce gaye. 1980 key dashak key madhya taka, soviyat dall koo badhaakar 108,800 curr diyaa gayaa aur ladaai badh gaee, lekin yuddh kii sainya aur rajanyik laagat ussr key liye adhik thee. 1987 key madhya taka soviyat sangh, joe abb sudhaarvaadi netaa mikhail gorbachev key adheen haye, ney ghoshana kii kii vaha afghan sarkaar key saath baithakon key baad apani senaa koo vaapas lena shuru curr dega. antim vaapsee 15 maee 1988 koo shuru hui, aur 15 farwari 1989 koo samaapt hui, vidrohiyon key khilaf ladaai mein sarkari balon koo akela chhod diyaa, joe 1992 taka jaari rhaa jaba poorv soviyat samarthit sarkaar gir gaee. isaki lambai key kaaran, ise kabhi-kabhi paschimi media dwara "soviyat sangh key viyatnam yuddh" yaa "bhalu jaal" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye. yuddh mein soviyat sangh kii viphalata koo soviyat sangh key patan mein yogdan dene vaalaa kaarak maanaa jaataa haye.
nau saal key kabje mein 6,20,000 soviyat sainikon ney bhaag liya, aur 11,897 maare gaye aur 51,367 ghayal hoe gaye. 1,000,000 seey adhik afghan-jyaadaatar nagrik-maare gaye they, aur cumm seey cumm 4,000,000 ladaai seey baahari roop seey visthaapit hoe gaye they.

