
koichi tohei

 (20 janwari 1920-19 maee 2011) ack 10vaan daan ekidoka aur kii samaaj aur isaki shally aikido key sansthaapak they, aadhikarik taur parr shinn shinn toitsu aikido (shaabdik roop seey "munn aur shareer key saath aikido ekikrit"), lekin aamtaur parr kii-aikido key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
ikido.
koichi toee kaa janm 1920 mein tokyo mein shitaya ward (<unk>) mein huaa thaa, joe vartamaan mein taito haye aur unhone kiyo vishvavidyalaya key arthshastra vibhaag seey snaatak kiya thaa. ack ladke key roop mein vaha beemar aur kamjor thaa, jisake kaaran usake pitaa ney judo kii padhaai key liye toee kii sifarish kii. unhone kadee mehnat kii aur unakaa shareer samriddh huaa, lekin kiyo vishvavidyalaya mein apani poorv-college kii padhaai shuru karane key turant baad, unhein pleuricy kaa ack mamla vikasit huaa. isase tohi koo ack saal kii chhutti lene key liye majboor honah padaa.
tohi apane shareer kii naee taakat aur usey prashikshit karane key apane sadhanon koo khone key vichaar seey vyathit thaa, isaliye usane apane judo adhyayan koo zena dhyaan aur misogi abhyason key saath badalane kaa faisala kiya, joe tokyo mein ichikukai dojo mein seekha gayaa thaa. apani judo padhaai kii tarah, tohi ney utsaah key saath munn key prashikshan mein pravesh kiya aur jald hii apane gambhir swaasthya muddon key bavjood utkrishtata praapt kii. pleuricy seey thheek honey key baad, toee koo vishvaas hoe gayaa kii yeh unake dimag koo prashikshit karane aur apani kii vikasit karane key unake prayason ney unhein thheek karane aur thheek honey mein madad kii thee. isane unake baad mein kiyatsu key vikas koo protsaahit kiya, joe ungaliyon seey dabaakar aur beemar vyakti key shareer mein kii kaa vistaar karke shaaririk bimari key ilaaj kii ack pranali thee. tohi ise "pump koo praathamik roop dene" key roop mein varnit kartaa haye jisase vyakti khud koo thheek curr sakata haye.
pleuricy seey ubarane key baad vaha judo laut aae, lekin toee kewal shaaririk prashikshan seey adhik chaahte they aur unhein naheen lagata thaa kii judo unake liye abhyaas karane key liye sahee kalaa thee, halanki unhone ikido shuru karane taka judo kaa adhyayan jaari rakhaa.
1940 mein, jaba way 19 varsh key they, tohe key judo prashikshak, shohei morry ney sifarish kii kii tohei ikido key sansthaapak, morihei ushiba seey milein.
theee key anusaar, jaba vaha pahali baar ack ikido prashikshak seey mille aur ushiba dojo mein kuchh takneekon kaa abhyaas kiya, tou unhein ikido aur usake liye isake moolya key baare mein sandeh thaa. yeh taba badal gayaa jaba ushiba ney dojo mein pravesh kiya aur prashikshakon parr apani takneekon kaa pradarshan karna shuru curr diyaa. tohi taba taka poori tarah seey aashvast naheen thaa jaba taka kii ushiba ney tohi koo chataai parr kadam rakhane aur usey pakadane kii koshish karane key liye naheen kahaa. toee key prayaas asafal rahey, aur ushiba dwara iss vyaktigat pradarshan key baad, toee ney mauke parr hii namankan karane key liye kahaa. tohi ney apane munn key saath-saath apane shareer koo dhyaan, misogi aur aikido key saath prashikshit karna jaari rakhaa.
tohei ney chhah maheene taka ushiba key saath prashikshan liya, isake baad unhein shumei okawa school aur sainya pulis akadami mein padhaane key liye pratinidhi (dayeri) key roop mein bheja gayaa. yeh pahale thaa jaba tohei koo danne yaa kyu key roop mein sthaan diyaa gayaa thaa. toee dwara apani sainya seva shuru karane key baad ushiba ney toee koo 5vein danne kaa pada pradaan kiya.
yuddh key varsh.
1942 mein, koichi toee ney pratishthit keyo vishvavidyalaya key arthshastra vibhaag seey snaatak kiya. farwari 1944 mein, sainya prashikshan praapt karane key baad, toee sensi koo ack paidal senaa ikai kaa netritva karate hue kabje vaale chean mein bheja gayaa. vahaan unhone dushman kii aag key tahat, pett key nichale hisse mein ack bindu ("seeka noo eaton") mein apane munn koo shaant karane key mahatva koo samajha. doctors kii kamee key kaaran, toee ney yuddh key dauran kii koo ungaliyon key madhyam seey bhejane key aadhar parr, jise baad mein unhone katsu chikitsa naam diyaa, key siddhanton koo vikasit kiya.
unhone chean mein kaarravaai dekhi aur yuddh key anta mein 1946 mein apane pratyaavartan taka vahaan fanse rahey. toee sensi ney kaee avsaron parr kahaa kii "extend kii" aur "poori tarah seey aaraam" jaise kii siddhanton ney unhein yuddh key dauran surakshit rahane mein madad kii, saath hii unake netritva mein assie logon ney bhee.
yuddh key baad key varsh.
1953 mein shuru honey vaali koichi toee sensi paschim mein ikido kii shuruat key liye jimmedaar thee, mukhya roop seey havaai kii niyamit shikshan yaatraon key madhyam seey, lekin mahadvipiya america aur europe mein bhee. yeh pahali baar thaa jaba ikido key sansthaapak ney kalaa koo japan key baahar padhaane kii anumati dee thee. iss kaaran seey, havaai sanyukt raajya america mein ikido key prasaar kaa kendra bunn gayaa, aur aaj bhee kii-ikido key liye ack mahatvapurna sthaan banaa huaa haye.
aikiki mein apane varshon key dauran, toee sensi ney kaee prasiddh shihaanon jaise hiroshi taada, sadateru erikawa, sego yamaguchi, shigenobu okumura, kajuo chiba, yoshimitsu yamada aur steven seagal koo ikido sikhaaya.
1969 mein, toee koo ushiba dwara 10vein danne key nae rank koo sweekaar karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa, jise toee ney pahale usee prastaav koo aswikar karane key baad sweekaar curr liya thaa. ikido mein sheersh rank 8vein danne kii thee, lekin vyaavhaarik aur raajneetik karanon seey ushiba dwara rank kaa vistaar kiya gayaa thaa.
uparokt kathan galat hoe sakata haye kyonki yoshinkan ikido key gojo shioda koo 1961 mein kissy bhee anya 9vein danne seey aathh saal pahale ushiba dwara 9vein danne kaa pada diyaa gayaa thaa.
kii noo kenkyukai kaa nirmaan.
mukhya ikido sangathan, aikiki aur toee key beach vibhajan kii ghatnaaon koo 1969 mein morihi ushiba kii mrityu key saath badhaava diyaa gayaa thaa. unake bete kismomaru ushiba koo doshu kii upaadhi viraasat mein millie thee. ushiba kii mrityu key samay, toee hombu dojo key mukhya prashikshak they, joe aikakai kaa mukhyalaya thaa, ack upaadhi jise unhone 1974 mein aikakai seey apane aadhikarik vibhajan taka banaae rakhaa.
sangharsh key pramukh karanon mein seey ack, ikido mein kii key siddhant parr tohi key jore dene seey utpann huaa. tohi chaahte they kii dainik ikido abhyaas mein kii kii kheti aur pareekshan donon key liye abhyason kaa upayog karate hue ikido inn siddhanton parr dhyaan kendrit karey. unhone hombu dojo mein apane swayam key prashikshan satron key dauran pahale hii apane nae vichaaron koo sikhana shuru curr diyaa thaa, lekin adhikansh anya prashikshakon ney aisaa naheen kiya. kuchh loga they joe toee key drishtikon seey sahmat they, lekin toee key karyon kaa kismomaru aur adhikansh varishth prashikshakon ney swaagat naheen kiya. unhone unhein hombu dojo mein apane siddhanton aur takneekon koo naheen padhaane key liye dridhata seey protsaahit kiya. tohei ney jawab diyaa kii unhein ise hombu dojo key baahar padhaane kaa adhikaar haye, joe unhone kiya.
lekin prashikshakon key varishth cadder key beach tanaav banaa rhaa, jinhone abhee bhee kii parr toee key dhyaan kendrit karane koo manjuri naheen dee. sthiti key prati toee key samanya asantosh key saath yeye tanaav 1971 mein samaapt hue jaba unhone kii noo kenkyukai kaa nirmaan kiya, jiska uddeshya ikido key ander, lekin aikikai "chhatra" key baahar kii key vikas aur kheti koo badhaava denaa thaa. sangharsh key varshon ney antatah aikiki seey alag honey aur ikido kii apani 'kii' shally sikhaane key liye toee key nirnay koo majboot kiya. 1 maee 1974 koo, koichi toee ney apane navanirmit kii-ikido aur kii-society parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye aadhikarik taur parr aikiki sangathan chhod diyaa.
15 maee 1974 koo, toee ney japan aur videshon mein adhikansh dojo koo angreji aur japani mein ack patra bheja, jisamen unake alag honey key karanon aur kii-ikido aur kii-society seey judee unaki yojanaon key baare mein bataaya gayaa. yeh breakup duniya bhar key dozo mein kaee ekidoka key liye ack sadame key roop mein aaya. kaee prashikshakon aur chhatron dwara tohei koo achchi tarah seey sammaanit kiya jaataa thaa. ushiba kii mrityu key baad unhein ikido key agrani sensi key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. isake parinamswarup, kaee dojo aikakai key saath toot gaye aur apani naee shally mein toee mein shamil hoe gaye. tohi kaa nayaa uddeshya una sabhi dozo kaa samanvaya karna thaa joe unake saath shamil hue aur unhein shinn shinn toitsu ikido key sangathan mein shamil karna thaah "munn aur shareer key saath ikido samanvit". ikido kii yeh shakha aaj bhee sakriya haye, bhale hii toee swayam kii-ikido varg key dinn-pratidin key vyavasaay seey sevaanivritt hoe gaye aur phir poori tarah seey kii-samaaj aur kii key vyaktigat vikas parr dhyaan kendrit kiya.
ullekhaniya chhaatr.
hombu dojo mein mukhya prashikshak key roop mein apane pada seey pahale aur dauran, toee ney kaee ullekhaniya ekidoka koo nirdesh diyaa. inmein seey kaee ney taba seey samanya roop seey ikido parr sthaayi prabhaav daala haye.
inmein seey kuchh (varnanukram mein) hainh
mrityu.
chhaati mein dard key kaaran aspatal mein bharti honey key dou saptah baad, joe fefadon mein soojan saabit hui, 19 maee, 2011 koo japan key samayanusar subah 9.14 baje (jee. aim. tii. + 9), tohei kii mrityu hoe gaee. kii society mukhyalaya key vataru hatkeyama ney kahaa, "vaha dou baar gahan chikitsa ikai (aaee. see. yuu.) gaye aur harr baar kii kii taakat key saath general ward mein vaapas aae, halanki, aaj subah unakaa dill dheere-dheere kamjor hotaa gayaa aur unakaa nidhan hoe gayaa."

