
utpaadak metricks

generative metricks 1966 aur 1977 key beach unnat padya sanrachana key teen alag-alag siddhanton (angreji imbic pentameter parr dhyaan kendrit karane) key liye saamoohik shabd haye. joe kaafee hudd taka nome chomsky kii "vaakya rachana sanrachanaon" (1957) aur chomsky aur morris haile key "angreji kaa dhwani pattern" (1968) key udaaharan seey prerit haye, inn siddhanton kaa uddeshya mukhya roop seey spasht bhashai niyamon key nirmaan parr haye joe ack diye gaye meater (ee.jee. ayambik pentameter) aur kissy bhee aise koo baahar curr dein joe "achchi tarah seey naheen" hain. tii.vee.aff. brogan ney nott kiya kii teen siddhanton mein seey, "[aeye] ll teen mein pramukh sanshodhan huaa haye, taaki pratyek dou sanskaranon mein maujood hoe, sanshodhit sanskaran pratyek mamle mein mool seey behtar hoe."
haile-keyser.
generative metricks kaa sabse pahala (aur sabse adhik charcha kiya gayaa) siddhant yeh haye kii morris haale aur saimuel jey keyser dwara 1966 mein pahale chasser key imbic pentameter key sambandh mein, aur isake poorna aur sanshodhit roop mein 1971 key angreji tanaavah isake roop, iska vikas, aur padya mein isaki bhoomika. haile aur keyser ney (nammatra) 10 kamjor aur majboot sthitiyon kii ack shrinkhala key roop mein ayambik pentameter rekha kii kalpana keeh
 doubleu aiss doubleu aiss doubleu aiss doubleu doubleu aiss
lekin asphelus rekhaaon, aur stree aur triple anta koo samaayojit karane key liye, iss poorna sutrikaran kaa upayog karenh
 (doubleu) aiss doubleu aiss doubleu aiss doubleu aiss doubleu aiss (aiks) (aiks)
jahan pahali kamjor sthiti vaikalpik haye, aur antim 2 sthiti (joe "tanaav mukt" honey chaahiye) bhee vaikalpik hain. phir way apani sanket avadharana, "tanaav adhikatam" koo ack tanaavpurna shabdansh key roop mein paribhaashit karate hain, joe ack hii vaakya rachana ghatak mein dou tanaavheen aksharon key beach sthit hotaa haye. anta mein, aksharon aur unake dwara kabja kiye gaye padon key beach key fitt kaa mulyankan "patrachar niyamon" key inn 2 padaanukramit seton dwara kiya jaataa haih
(i) ack sthiti (aiss yaa doubleu) donon mein seey kissy ack key anuroop haye.
aur
(kha) 
niyamon kaa mulyankan crum mein kiya jaataa haye. yadi niyam (i)-1 yaa (ii)-1 yaa (ii)-2 toot gaye hain, tou yeh rekha kii badhati jatilata koo ingit kartaa haye. lekin yadi (i)-2 yaa (ii)-3 toot gaye hain, tou rekha asman haye. (dhyaan dein kii kuchh srot galati seey kahate hain kii adhikatam tanaav kii upasthiti ack rekha koo asman banaati haye; yeh galat haye. haile aind keyser key siddhant mein ack adhikatam tanaav "ack doubleu sthiti mein" ack rekha koo asman banaata haye.)
haale aur keyser key scansion kaa ack udaaharan haih
 /// mee /
 kaee baar samay kii kamee! 
 doubleu aiss doubleu aiss doubleu aiss doubleu doubleu aiss
tanaav koo ack slash "/" aur tanaav adhikatam koo "aim" dwara ingit kiya jaataa haye. ack ekal underline (ii)-1 key ullanghan koo ingit karati haye; ack dohri underline (ii)-1 aur 2 key ullanghan koo ingit karati haye. isake alawa, adhikatam tanaav "laip", kyonki yeh ack doubleu sthiti parr hotaa haye, ullanghan (ii)-3, koo teesari underline milani chaahiye, jisase rekha adhamit hoe jaae. (pradarshan seemaon key kaaran, yeh yahaan "m" koo baahar nikalkar ingit kiya gayaa haye.)
joseph see. beaver, dudley ell. hascall, aur anya logon ney siddhant koo sanshodhit karane yaa vistaarit karane kaa prayaas kiya haye.
aalochana.
haile-keyser pranali kii aalochana kii gaee haye kyonki yeh gadya key anshon koo ayambik pentameter key roop mein pehchaan sakata haye.
baad mein utpaadak mapakon ney bataaya kii kaviyon ney aksar ack seey adhik aksharon key gair-yaugik shabdon koo ack-aksharon aur ack-aksharon key yaugikon seey alag tareeke seey maanaa haye. kissy bhee samanya roop seey kamjor shabdansh koo ack bhinnata key roop mein jore diyaa jaa sakata haye yadi yeh ack ack akshar haye, lekin yadi yeh ack pankti yaa ack vakyansh kii shuruat koo chhodkar ack bahupad kaa hissa haye tou naheen. iss prakaar shekspeare ney likhaah
 harr tata seey chaar havaayen chala rahee hain 
lekin roop kii koee panktiyaan naheen likheenh
 jaise hii gajals kabhi naa rukane vaale jharane seey koodate hain
tanaav key pattern samaan hain, aur vishesh roop seey, aam taur parr kamjor teesare akshar koo donon panktiyon mein jore diyaa jaataa haye; antar yeh haye kii shekspeare kii pankti mein tanaavgrast teesara shabdansh ack akshar vaalaa shabd haye, "chaar", jabaki gair-shekspeare kii pankti mein yeh dou akshar vaale shabd "gajals" kaa hissa haye. (paribhaashaaen aur apavaad yahaan bataae gaye seey adhik takniki hain.) pope ney iss tarah key niyam kaa sakhti seey paalan kiya, shekspeare ney kaafee sakhti seey, milton bahut cumm, aur bilkul naheen-yahee kaaran hoe sakata haye kii bayne johnson ney kahaa kii donne "uchchaaran naheen rakhane" key liye fansi key yogya they.
derek attrige ney utpaadak drishtikon kii seemaon kii or ishara kiya haye; isane "hamein yeh samajhane key karib naheen laaya haye kii angreji mein vishesh chhand roop kyon aam hain, kuchh bhinnataaen meater koo kyon baadhit karati hain aur anya kyon naheen karati hain, yaa meater ack saahityik upkaran key roop mein itani shaktishali roop seey kyon kaary kartaa haye.utpaadak mapank bhee yeh pahchaanane mein whiffle rahate hain kii ack majboot sthiti mein ack samanya roop seey kamjor shabdansh koo alag tarah seey uchchaaran kiya jaayega, i.ee. padonnat" aur isaliye abb "kamjor" naheen."
magneson-ryder.
padya kaa ack vishisht visheshta vishleshan 1970 mein carle magneson aur frank ryder dwara unnat kiya gayaa thaa aur 1971 mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, joe german padya parr unake pahale key kaam key aadhar parr thaa, aur antatah praag school key dhvanyaatmak vishisht visheshta siddhanton seey vyutpann thaa. way isi tarah prastaav karate hain kii ayambik pentameter mein visham aur summ slot kii 10-sthiti rekha hoti haih
 ee oh ee oh ee ee
haalaanki, anya meters mein yeye sthaan "visham" = "metrick roop seey pramukh naheen" aur "summ" = "metrick roop seey pramukh" kii apani pehchaan banaae rakhate hain, taaki (udaaharan key liye) trokike tetrameter kii sanrachana hoh
 ee oh oh ee oh oh 
phir way 4 bhashai visheshtaon kii upasthiti (+) yaa anupasthiti (-) key anusaar pratyek shabdansh koo padya pankti mein label karate hainh shabd kii shuruat, kamjor, majboot, poorv-majboot. pratyek prakaar kii sthiti mein inn visheshtaon key liye moolyon kaa ack "apekshit" sett hotaa haih
iss prakarah
 ee oh ee oh ee ee
 voe +-+ + +-+ + +
 dablyuke-+ +-- +-+ +
 st +-- + + +-+ - -
 pee. aiss.---------- -
 merey dill koo maaro, teen vyaktiyon vaale bhagwan, tumhare liye 
apekshit moolyon kii tulanaa taba padya pankti key vaastavik moolyon seey kii jaati haye. "choonki apeksha matricks koo kabhi bhee poori tarah seey puuraa naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, isaliye yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii sabhi kavitaaen kuchh hudd taka aparimit honey chaahiye, aur gadya kaa kaary una sthitiyon parr baadhaon koo khojana haye jinake tahat ack gair-pushti sambandh mein ack visheshta hoe sakati haye. yeye baadhaaen mool niyam hain."
unake sanshodhit siddhant kaa daavaa haye kii kewal 2 visheshtaon-majboot (st) aur poorv-majboot (pss)-kaa upayog karke canonical angreji imbic pentameter kaa vishal bahumat utpann kiya jaataa haye aur kewal 2 aadhar niyam ee oh slot mein padosi aksharon koo baadhit karate hainh
iss seema key saath kii yeye aadhar niyam rekha-junction yaa pramukh vaakya rachana seema parr lagu naheen hotey hain.
aalochana.
tii.vee.aff. brogan iss siddhant key baare mein kahate hain, "yeh kahana uchit haye kii abb taka adhikansh mahanagarvidon dwara unake drishtikon koo nishfal maanaa gayaa haye."haalaanki, derek attrige kaa maanana haye kii david chisholm dwara magneson-ryder key sanshodhan-kiparsky key siddhant key saath-" "unake kissy bhee [utpaadak] poorvavartiyon kii tulanaa mein angreji chhand abhyaas key vivaran koo adhik sateek roop seey pakadate hain.
kippersky.
paul kippersky kaa siddhant, jise 1975 mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa aur 1977 mein mool roop seey sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, kuchh pramukh binduon parr pichhale utpaadak siddhanton key saath nirnaayak roop seey vipareet haye. halanki abb parichit 10-sthiti rekha koo banaae rakhate hue, vaha kamjor aur majboot sthitiyon koo "koshthak" karke metrical phut (ack avadharana jise anya utpaadak meterists dwara spasht roop seey aswikar curr diyaa gayaa haye) koo phir seey pesh kartaa haih
 (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu)
isake alawa, kippersky kaa vivaran "angreji tanaav key ack vishisht siddhant parr adharit haye jise lieberman aur prince (1977) dwara chomsky aur haale key" angreji key dhwani pattern "key prati-prastaav key roop mein vistrit kiya gayaa haye."isake vipareet, vaha ack padya pankti mein aksharon koo ack jatil padaanukramit sanrachana maanata haye-joe chomsky key parivartankari vyaakaran mein ack mool prastaav key anuroop haye-pichhale siddhanton key vipareet joe aksharon koo sakhti seey raikhik upchaar dete they.
ack baar jaba padya paath koo pars kiya jaataa haye aur isake aksharon koo "doubleu" aur "aiss" label aur padaanukramit sambandh diye jaate hain, tou isaki tulanaa rekha kii metrical sanrachana ("doubleu" aur "aiss" bhee label kiya jaataa haye aur isake apane cumm jatil koshthak sambandhon key saath-jaisa kii oopar bataaya gayaa haye) key saath kii jaa sakati haye. "bemel label" rekha koo adhik jatil yaa adhimitiya banaa sakata haih vibhinn niyam vibhinn kaviyon key abhyaas koo darshaate hain. "bracketing' bemel taba hotaa haye jaba doubleu aur aiss key dou pattern sahmat hotey hain lekin pratyek pattern key liye bracket samanvaya seey baahar hotey hain-jaisa kii ack ayambik rekha mein trokic shabdon key saath hotaa haye."(yeye kewal rekha koo adhik jatil banaate hain.) metrick kaa sabse aavashyak pareekshan yeh haye kii "doubleu-sthiti mein ack aiss-akshar jitna adhik nikatata seey (lieberman-prince tree-notation mein) usase pahale key akshar seey bandha hotaa haye, utanaa hii adhik metrick roop seey vighatankari hotaa haye."
aalochana.
peater ell. groves ney apatti jataai haye kii "[aeye] kiparsky key anusaar, adhikansh angreji kaviyon (shekspeare sahit) key liye ack pankti adhimitiya hogi yadi [neeche diye gaye] isamen doubleu-akshar seey turant pahale doubleu-sthiti mein ack aiss-akshar haye jise yeh adesh detaa haye; iss prakaar ack nirdosh rekha jaise [neeche," othelo "seey] koo spasht roop seey adhimitiya roop seey shaasit kiya jaataa haih"
 doubleu aiss
 hamari vilupt aatmaon koo naee aag dein 
 (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) (doubleu) aiks

