
amnirenas

amnirenas (amnirena bhee likhaa jaataa haye), see seey kush raajya kii raani thee. 40 eesaa poorv seey see. 10 eesaa poorv, vartamaan sudan mein kush key raajya mein roman vistaar koo rokane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
unaki poori upaadhi "amnirens corey lii kdave lii" ("aminiras, corey aur kandake") thee. kush raajya kii swadeshi bhasha, meroitic, abhee bhee aspasht haye; haalaanki, raani amnirena koo "core" key saath-saath "kandake" kii upaadhi dene vaale shilalekhon seey pataa chalata haye kii vaha ack vyaktigat roop seey shaasak raani thee.
jeevani.
raani amnirenas sabse prasiddh madhur raniyon mein seey ack hain kyonki unhone teen saal (25 eesaa poorv seey 22 eesaa poorv) taka chaley yuddh mein romanon key khilaf kushait senaa kaa netritva karane mein apani bhoomika nibhai thee. yeh yuddh kaafee hudd taka africa mein rome key dakshin kii or vistaar koo rokane key liye jimmedaar haye. roman misra key khilaf praarambhik jeet key baad, prefect gayas petronius ney kushait senaa koo misra seey bhagaa diyaa aur hier sikaminos (mahraka) mein ack naee roman seema sthaapit kii.
roman samrajya key khilaf netritva kiye gaye meroitic yuddh key baare mein strabo key vivaran mein "candes" naamak ack raani shamil haye, joe "candec" kaa ack laitinkaran haye. unakaa naam territeca aur impiliteka key naamon key saath stelle parr dikhaai detaa haye, lekin inn teenon key beach sateek sambandh aitihaasik record mein poori tarah seey spasht naheen haye; haalaanki, vidwan aam taur parr implidade koo unakaa betaa aur territeca koo unakaa pati maanate hain.
strabo kaa khaata (17.53-54).
misra parr kushi aakraman.
strabo ney unhein ack aankh mein andhee honey key roop mein varnit kiya thaa. 
strabo key vivaran key anusaar, kushait balon ney thebes aur seane parr hamla kiya, jabaki tatkalin-prefect alius gallus 25 eesaa poorv mein arab mein unake khilaf lada rahey they. way seane, haathi aur phile lene mein safal rahey. jaise hii unhone shahar parr kabja kiya, unhone nivaasiyon koo gulam banaa liya aur seasure augustus kii moortiyon koo nasht curr diyaa. halanki strabo ney iska vishesh roop seey ullekh naheen kiya haye, aisee hii ack moorti kaa sir ack mandir kii seedhiyon key neeche dafnaya gayaa thaa, jisake parinamswarup iska anootha sanrakshan huaa. yeh aavaksh pratima sadiyon taka barkarar rahee aur abb ise british sangrahalaya mein pradarshit kiya gayaa haye.
petronius kaa nubian abhiyaan.
strabo kaa daavaa haye kii misra key nae subedar gayas petronius ney "duss hazaar seey cumm paidal senaa aur aathh sou ghudsavaar senaa" key saath seane mein tees hazaar kushi purushon key khilaf march kiya. kushi loga "kachche bail key chamade seey bunny badee, aaytaakaar dhaal" aur kulhadi, pike aur talvaaron jaise saral hathiyaron seey ladate they. iss vajah seey way petronius key hamale seey abhibhoot hoe gaye. strabo ney kushait balon koo "buri tarah seey marshel" bataaya haye."
kushi senaaon ney kahaa kii unakaa aakraman misra key paaramparik mukhya magistrate khanabadoshon key saath ack mudde key kaaran thaa; strabo iss baare mein jaankaari pradaan naheen kartaa haye kii mudda kyaa thaa. petronius kii jeet key baad, kushait senaa vibhinn dishaaon mein bhaag gaeeh kuchh shaharon mein, kuchh registan mein aur anya paas key dweep parr.
strabo kaa kahana haye kii "inn bhagodon mein raani candes key senapati they", joe ethiopians kii raani theen. vaha usey "ack mardana tarah kii mahila, aur ack aankh mein andhee" key roop mein varnit kartaa haye.strabo lagbhag nishchit roop seey amnirenas kaa ullekh curr rhaa haye, jinake naam parr" "kandake" "kii upaadhi thee;" "candes" "unaki upaadhi kaa ack laitinkaran haye aur yeh ack alag shaasak koo sandarbhit naheen kartaa haye. bhaagne vaali senaaon koo pakadane key baad, petronius ney unhein faisale kii prateeksha karane key liye alexandria bhej diyaa.
khud amnirenas apane bete key saath napat mein rahati theen. jaise hii petronius paas aaya, raaste mein selchis aur premnis koo leey jaa rhaa thaa, amnirenas ney dooton koo bheja aur sandesh diyaa kii vaha seane mein liye gaye kaidiyon aur seasure kii moortiyon donon koo vaapas curr degi. usaki vinati koo nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa aur shahar koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa. unhone jinn jeevit kaidiyon koo leey liya, unamen seey kuchh koo betch diyaa gayaa aur anya koo yuddh key kaidiyon key roop mein augustus bhej diyaa gayaa.
jawab mein, amnirenas ney premnis mein peechhe chhod diye gaye petronius kii senaa key khilaf dusare hamale kaa netritva kiya. strabo kaa kahana haye kii usake paas "kaee hazaar purush they.petronius ney amnirenas koo pachhaad diyaa aur pahale premnis pahunche, aur usey apane hamale seey surakshit curr liya. amnirenas ney rajdoot bheje, jinhen petronius ney augustus key paas leey jaaya thaa, joe iss hamale seey kuchh samay pahale pahunche they. augustus ney aage koee shraddhanjali naheen dee aur rajdooton kii ichchhaon koo puuraa kiya.  
shaanti sandhi.
petronius key nubian abhiyaan kii safalata key baad, roman samrajya kii dakshini seema misra seey aage primis (qasar ibrim) mein chully gaee. parinamswarup shaanti sandhi mein tees meal kii patti kaa ack hissa dekhaa gayaa, jisamen primis bhee shamil thaa, jise romanon dwara khaali karaaya gayaa thaa. meroits koo samrajya koo curr dene seey chhoot dee gaee thee. sandhi ney romanon koo ack sainya seema kshetra key roop mein "dodecashoinos" ("baarah meal bhoomi") parr kabja karna jaari rakhane kii anumati dee. roman seema koo taba hier sikaminos (mahraka) key paas sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
yeh sandhi teesari shatabdi esvi key anta taka sakriya rahee, iss dauran kushi aur roman misra key beach sambandh aam taur parr shantipurna rahey. doosari shatabdi esvi key dauran apane patan taka kush kaa raajya ack durjeya shakti banaa rhaa.
merey sir.
amnirenas dwara sanrakshit augustus kaa sir, jise mero haid key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, 1910 mein british puraatatvavid johnn garstang dwara khoja gayaa thaa. moorti kii kaanch, dhaatu aur chrystal aankhen, joe aksar isi tarah key tukadon mein khou jaati hain, isake dafanaane key kaaran barkarar raheen. chitra yunani shally mein banaaya gayaa haye, joe yuvaaon aur shakti koo prerit kartaa haye. sir swayam kansya seey banaa haye, jeevan seey badaa haye, aur shally mein augustus prima porta key samaan haye. aankhen calcite, dhaatu key angoothon aur kaanch seey bunny hoti hain.
sir koo jeet key liye samarpit ack madhur mandir kii seedhiyon key neeche dafnaya gayaa thaa, sambhavatah kushait logon key munn mein augustus koo vash mein karane aur rome koo ack parajit shakti key roop mein sthaapit karane key prayaas mein. mandir key bheetar bhitti chitron mein sambhavatah roman yuddh kaidiyon koo ack sattaaroodh kushi key saamane khade dikhaaya gayaa haye, joe sambhavatah samaan haye.
mero (nubia) kii khudai kaa vittaposhan sudan khudai samiti dwara kiya gayaa thaa. mero haid kii khoj key baad, ise british sangrahalaya koo upahaar mein diyaa gayaa thaa, jahan yeh aaj bhee rahata haye.
hamdab stella.
hamdab stambh, joe eesaa poorv pahali shatabdi kaa haye, balua patthar seey banaa haye. meroitic paath kii paintalis panktiyaan hain, joe ghumaavdaar aur chiredar hain. iss granth mein raani amnirenas aur raajaa imlinded, sambhavatah unake pati, donon kaa ullekh haye. dampati kii cheeri hui chhavi, jisamen kuchh devta hain, khou jaati haye; kewal pair dikhaai dete hain.
iss stambh kii khoj 1914 mein mero key sir kii khoj key liye jimmedaar puraatatvavid johnn garstang ney kii thee. stambh ack chhote seey mandir key dwaar parr khadaa thaa, jisake vipareet ack doosara stambh thaa. stella lagbhag dou meater lamba aur ack meater chauda haye. yeh meroitic bhasha key saath utkeern haye.
amnirena aur samatulya key saath utkeern devta sambhavatah amun aur mutt hain; baad kii aakriti mein ack akha haye, joe shashwat jeevan kaa misra kaa prateek haye. bandhi kaidiyon koo shaasak jode aur devtaon key neeche chitrit kiya gayaa haye. kyonki iss stambh mein sattaaroodh jode koo bandhe kaidiyon key saath darshaaya gayaa haye aur yeh pahali shatabdi eesaa poorv kaa haye, vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii iss stambh mein rome key khilaf abhiyaan kaa ack kushait vivaran diyaa jaa sakata haye. isamen meroitic shabd "areme" haye, jiska anuvaad rome key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
yadi shilalekh mein roman abhiyaan kii charcha kii gaee haye, tou iska anuvaad chhatravritti key liye mahatvapurna haye. meroitic-roman sangharsh kaa ekmatra maujooda vivaran mool roop seey roman haye aur aksar prachaar seey bharaa huaa haye.
viraasat.
halanki shuru mein aspasht, amnirenas haal key lokpriya prakashanon jaise kii jayson porath dwara "aswikar kii gaee raajkumaariyaanh naayikaaen, helian aur vidharmi" aur roman shasson key pratirodh mein nae sire seey vidvaanon kii ruchi key kaaran ack lokpriya vyakti bunn gayaa haye. uttar-aupaniveshik adhyayanon kii shuruat aur abhijaat shasson key tahat shaahi shasson key tahat pehchaan parr dhyaan kendrit karane aur isake parinamswarup prakashanon ney vishay kii samajh koo vyaapak banaa diyaa haye, lekin ack aspasht bhasha honey key kaaran amnirena key baare mein jaankaari seemit haye. strabo kaa vivaran, joe kii ack aankh vaali raani kii samajh koo aur seemit kartaa haye, lambe samay taka amnirena parr charcha karane key liye ekmatra anuvaadit praathamik srot haye.