
niger kii arthavyavastha

vishva baink key aadhikarik aankadon key anusaar, niger kaa sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) 2023 mein $16.617 billion americi dollar thaa. yeh aankada kaafee hudd taka aantarik baajaron, nirvaah krishi aur kachche maal key niryaat parr adharit haih padosiyon koo khaadya padaarth aur vishva baajaron mein kachche khanij. niger, ack bhoo-aachchhaadit paschim african rashtra joe sahel mein faila huaa haye, 2019 taka maanav vikas soochkaank mein lagaatar sabse neeche, 0.394 parr sthaan praapt curr rhaa haye. isaki prati vyakti aaya bahut cumm haye, aur badee kachchi vastuon aur apekshaakrit sthir sarkaar aur samaaj key bavjood duniya key sabse cumm vikasit aur sabse adhik rinee deshon mein seey ack haye joe vartamaan mein grih yuddh yaa aatankvaad seey prabhaavit naheen haye. aarthik gatividhi nirvaah krishi, pashupalan, punah niryaat vyaapaar aur euranium key niryaat parr kendrit haye. 
janwari 1994 mein paschim african see. aff. aeye. frank key 50 pratishat avamoolyan ney pashudhan, mutter, pyaaj aur niger key chhote kapas udyog key utpaadon key niryaat koo badhaava diyaa. padosi nigeria koo maveshiyon key niryaat key saath-saath moongfali aur tail praathamik gair-khanij niryaat baney hue hain. sarkaar parichaalan kharchon aur saarvajanik nivesh key liye, joe 1996 aur 1999 mein takhtapalat key baad kuchh samay key liye nilambit curr dee gaee thee, vaha dweepaksheeya aur bahupakshiya sahaayata parr nirbhar karati haye. alpakaalik sambhaavanaaen vishva baink aur aaee. aim. aff. rinn raahat aur vistaarit sahaayata parr nirbhar karati hain. 1999 key baad kii sarkaar ney inn koshadaataon dwara sthaapit nijikaran aur bajar viniyaman yojanaon kaa vyaapak roop seey paalan kiya haye. niger sanyukt rashtra key anusaar sabse cumm vikasit desh haye.
kull milakar.
niger kii arthavyavastha kaafee hudd taka nirvaah fasalon, pashudhan aur duniya key kuchh sabse badey euranium bhandar parr adharit haye. sookhe key chakr, marusthalikaran, 3.4% jansankhya vriddhi darr aur euranium kii vishva maang mein girawat ney pahale seey hii seemant arthavyavastha koo kamjor curr diyaa haye. paaramparik nirvaah kheti, pashupalan, chhote vyaapaar aur anaupchaarik bajar ack aisee arthavyavastha parr haavi hain joe kuchh aupchaarik kshetra kii naukariyon koo utpann karati haye. 1988 aur ids1 key beach niger kii kull arthavyavastha kaa 30 pratishat aniyamit anaupchaarik kshetra mein thaa, jisamen chhote aur badey paimaane parr graameen aur shahari utpaadan, parivahan aur sevaaen shamil theen.
prati vyakti jee. dee. pee..
niger kaa prati vyakti jee. dee. pee. 1960 key dashak mein 10 pratishat badhaa. haalaanki, yeh asthir saabit huaa aur isake parinamswarup 1980 key dashak mein yeh 27 pratishat aur 1990 key dashak mein 48 pratishat taka sikud gayaa. iss jee. dee. pee. kaa adhikansh hissa desh key sudur uttar mein arlit mein euranium key dohan key madhyam seey samajhaaya jaataa haye. ayask koo videshi khanan nigamon dwara site parr aanshik roop seey sansaadhit kiya jaataa haye aur truck dwara benin leey jaaya jaataa haye. jee. dee. pee. key utaar-chadhaav koo antarrashtriya euranium kimaton mein parivartan key saath-saath mukhya khanan company, france key orano chakr key saath moolya nakaratmakta key liye mapp kiya jaa sakata haye. 1970 key dashak key madhya mein moolya vriddhi key baad 1980 aur 1990 key dashak key adhikansh samay mein bajar moolya mein girawat aaee. iss prakaar desh key prati vyakti jee. dee. pee. kaa ausat nigerian parr bahut cumm pratyaksh prabhaav padata haye, halanki euranium bahut adhik sarkari sanchaalan key liye dhana detaa haye. 2006 key maanav vikas soochkaank ney duniya mein sabse kharaab seey chhathe sthaan parr niger koo rakhaa, jisamen 0.370:174 key saath.
videshi vyaapaar aur nivesh.
niger key niryaat mein, pashudhan seey videshi mudra aaya, halanki matra nirdhaarit karna asambhav haye, kewal euranium seey honey vaali aaya key baad dusare sthaan parr haye. vaastavik niryaat aadhikarik aankadon seey kaheen adhik haye, joe aksar nigeria mein anaupchaarik roop seey paar karane vaale jaanvaron key badey jhund kaa pataa lagaane mein whiffle rahate hain. kuchh khaal aur khaal kaa niryaat kiya jaataa haye aur kuchh hastshilp mein parivartit hoe jaate hain.
khanan.
euranium kii lagaatar kimaton mein girawat ney niger key euranium kshetra key liye cumm rajaswa laaya haye, halanki euranium abhee bhee rashtriya niryaat aaya kaa 72 pratishat pradaan kartaa haye. uttari shahar arlit key paas dou badee euranium khadanon key khulane key baad 1960 aur 1970 key dashak key dauran desh ney paryaapt niryaat aaya aur teji seey aarthik vikas kaa anand liya. haalaanki, jaba 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein euranium key netritva mein uchhaal samaapt huaa, taba seey arthavyavastha sthir hoe gaee aur nayaa nivesh seemit hoe gayaa haye. niger kii dou euranium khadaanen (somair kii khuli pitt khadaan aur cominac kii bhoomigat khadaan) ack francisi netritva vaale sangh key swaamitva mein hain aur francisi hiton dwara sanchaalit hain.
niger nadee aur burkina faso key saath seema key beach key kshetra mein niger mein soney key dohan yogya bhandar maujood hain. phosphat, koyla, loha, choona patthar aur jipsum key paryaapt bhandar bhee paae gaye hain. americi farmon sahit kaee videshi companiyon ney paschimi niger mein soney kii silai mein riyaayaton key liye anveshan licenses liye hain, jisamen anya khanijon key bhandar bhee hain.
kaee tail companiyon ney 1992 seey uttar-purvi niger mein dijado pathaar aur jheel chaad key uttar mein agadem besin mein petroleum key liye khoj kii, lekin usa samay vikas key laayak koee khoj naheen kii. juuna 2007 mein, halanki, chean rashtriya petroleum nigam (janvaadi ganarajya chean key swaamitva mein) ney agdem block mein tail nikaalane key liye 5 arab americi dollar key samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye, saath hii desh mein prati dinn tail refinery aur 2,000 kilometres tail pipeline kaa nirmaan kiya; utpaadan 2009 mein shuru honey kii ummeed haye.
niger key gyaat koyla bhandar, cumm oorjaa aur uchch raakh samagri key saath, vishva bajar mein uchch gunavatta vaale koyale key khilaf pratispardha naheen curr sakate hain. haalaanki, chirojareen (agaadez key uttar mein) mein paraa-taatvik sonichar (society nigrain dee charban) ack khule gaddhe seey koyla nikaalata haye aur ack bijli paida karane vaale sanyantra koo eendhan detaa haye joe euranium khadanon koo oorjaa kii aapoorti kartaa haye.
aarthik vikas.
janwari 1994 mein see. aff. aeye. frank avamoolyan dwara utpann aarthik pratispardha key baad, 1990 key dashak key madhya mein 3.5% kii vaarshik ausat aarthik vriddhi mein yogdan diyaa, 1999 mein videshi sahaayata mein tej kamee key kaaran arthavyavastha sthir hoe gaee, joe dheere-dheere 2000 mein phir seey shuru hui, aur 2000 mein kharaab barish hui. krishi kshetra key mahatva koo darshaati haye, achchi barish kii vaapsee 2001 key liye 4.5% kii anumaanit vriddhi kaa praathamik kaarak thee.
videshi nivesh.
haal key varshon mein, niger kii sarkaar ney niveshakon key liye aakarshak sharton key saath nivesh sanhita (1997 aur 2000), petroleum sanhita (1992) aur khanan sanhita (1993) mein sanshodhan jaari kiye. vartamaan sarkaar sakriya roop seey videshi niji nivesh chaahati haye aur ise aarthik vikas aur vikas koo bahaal karane kii kunji maanati haye. sanyukt rashtra vikas karyakram (yuu. dee. pee.) kii sahaayata seey isane iss kshetra koo punarjeevit karane key liye ack thhos prayaas kiya haye.
mudra.
niger ack aam mudra, see. aff. aeye. frank, aur ack aam kendriya baink, paschim african raajyon kaa kendriya baink (bee. see. ee. aeye. oh.), paschim african maudrik sangh key chhah anya sadasyon key saath saajha kartaa haye. france sarkaar kaa khajaana francisi frank (1 janwari, 2002 taka euro mein) key liye 100 see. aff. aeye. (communate financier africane) kii ack nishchit darr banaae rakhane key liye bee. see. aeye. oh. key antarrashtriya bhandar kii poorti kartaa haye.
sarkaar kaa punargathan.
janwari 2000 mein, niger kii navanirvaachit sarkaar koo viraasat mein millie gambhir vittiya aur aarthik samasyaaen jinamen lagbhag khaali khajaana, pichhale bakaaya vetan (11 maheene key bakaaya) aur chhatravritti bhugtan, rinn mein vriddhi, rajaswa pradarshan mein kamee aur cumm saarvajanik nivesh shamil hain. disambar 2000 mein, niger ney atyadhik rinagrast garib deshon key liye antarrashtriya maudrik kosh karyakram key tahat badhe hue rinn raahat key liye arhata praapt kii aur garibi mein kamee aur vikas suvidha (pee. aar. jee. aff.) parr nidhi key saath ack samjhauta kiya.
bajat prakriya aur saarvajanik vitt mein parivartan key alawa, naee sarkaar ney aaee. aim. aff. dwara prachaarit nijikaran model kii disha mein aarthik punargathan kaa anusaran kiya haye. isamen jall vitaran aur dursanchar kaa nijikaran aur petroleum utpaadon key liye moolya suraksha koo hataana shamil haye, jisase vishva bajar kii kimaton dwara keematen nirdhaarit kii jaa sakati hain. saarvajanik udyamon key aur nijikaran kaa kaam chala rhaa haye. aaee. aim. aff. kii garibi nyunikaran aur vikas suvidha yojana kaa paalan karane key apane prayaas mein, sarkaar bhrashtachar koo cumm karane key liye bhee kaarravaai curr rahee haye aur nagrik samaaj koo shamil karane vaali ack sahabhaagi prakriya key parinamswarup, garibi nyunikaran ranneeti taiyar kii haye joe swaasthya, praathamik shiksha, graameen buniyaadi dhaanche aur nyaayik punargathan mein sudhaar parr kendrit haye.
videshi sahaayata.
niger mein sabse mahatvapurna daataa france, europeeya sangh, vishva baink, aaee. aim. aff. aur anya sanyukt rashtra agencies (yuu. aine. dee. pee., yuu. aaee. aiss. ee. aff., aff. aeye. oh., doubleu. aff. pee. aur aeye. aine. aff. pee. aeye.) hain. anya pramukh daandaataon mein sanyukt raajya america, belgium, germany, switzerland, kanada aur saudi arab shamil hain. jabaki yuu. aiss. aeye. dee. kaa niger mein koee karyalaya naheen haye, sanyukt raajya america ack pramukh daataa haye, joe niger key vikas mein harr saal lagbhag 10 million dollar kaa yogdan detaa haye. yuu.aiss. khaadya suraksha aur aich. aaee. vee./aids jaise kshetron mein neetigat samanvaya mein bhee ack pramukh bhagidar haye. niger key vikas key liye baahari samarthan kaa mahatva iss tathya seey pradarshit hotaa haye kii sarkaar key vitt varsh 2002 key bajat kaa lagbhag 45 pratishat, jisamen isake poonji bajat kaa 80 pratishat bhee shamil haye, daataa sansadhanon seey praapt hotaa haye.
2005 mein yuu. aine. ney sookhe aur tiddiyon kii gambhir samasyaon key kaaran videshi sahaayata kii badhati aavashyakta kii or dhyaan aakarshit kiya, jisake parinamswarup akaal padaa, jisase lagbhag duss laakh logon kaa jeevan khatare mein parh gayaa.
vrihat-aarthik pravritti.
nimnalikhit talika mein mukhya aarthik sanketkon koo 1980-2020 mein dikhaaya gayaa haye (2021-2026 mein aaee. aim. aff. karmchaariyon key anumaanon key saath). 5 pratishat seey cumm mudrasfeeti harey rung mein haye. vaarshik berojgari darr vishva baink seey nikali jaati haye, halanki antarrashtriya mudra kosh inn aankadon koo avishvasaniya paataa haye. 
aankade.
jee. dee. pee.:
kray shakti samaantaa-$21.86 billion (2017 anuman.)
jee. dee. pee.-vaastavik vikas darah
4.9 pratishat (2017 kaa anuman.)
jee. dee. pee.-prati vyaktih
kray shakti samaantaa-$1,200 (2017 anuman.)
jee. dee. pee.-kshetra dwara sanrachanaah
<bee. aar.> "krishih"
41.6 pratishat
<bee. aar.> "udyogah"
19.5 pratishat
<bee. aar.> "sevaayenh"
38.7 pratishat (2017)
garibi rekha seey neeche kii aabaadih
45.4 pratishat (2014 kaa anuman).)
pratishat hissedari key aadhar parr gharelu aaya yaa upabhogah
<bee. aar.> "sabse cumm 10 pratishatah"
3 pratishat
<bee. aar.> "uchchatam 10 pratishatah"
29.3 pratishat (1992)
mudrasfeeti darr (upabhokta moolya):
2.4 pratishat (2017 kaa anuman).)
shram balah
6.5 million (2017 anuman.)
shram bull-vyavasaay dwaaraah
krishi 79.2%, udyogah 3.3%, sevaayenh 17.5% (2012 anuman.)
berojgari darah
0.3 pratishat (2017 kaa anuman.)
bajatah
<bee. aar.> "raajaswah"
$1.757 arab (2017 kaa anuman.)
<bee. aar.> "kharchah"
2.171 arab (2017 kaa anuman.)
udyogah
euranium khanan, cement, eent, kapada, khaadya prasanskaran, rasayan, boochadkhaane
audyogik utpaadan vriddhi darah
6 pratishat (2017 kaa anuman.)
vidyuteekaranah kull jansankhyaah 15 pratishat (2013)
vidyuteekaranah shahari kshetrah 62 pratishat (2013)
vidyuteekaranah graameen kshetrah 4 pratishat (2013)
bijli-utpaadanah
494.7 million kilowatt (2016 anuman.)
bijli-srot dwara utpaadanah
<bee. aar.> "jeevaashm indhanah"
95 pratishat
<bee. aar.> "akshayah"
5 pratishat
<bee. aar.> "paramaanuh"
0 pratishat
<bee. aar.> "anyah"
0% (2017)
bijli-upayogah
1.065 arab kilowatt (2016 kaa anuman.)
bijli-niryaatah
0 kwh (2016 kaa anuman.)
bijli-aayatah
779 million kilowatt (2016 anuman.)
krishi-utpaadah
mutter, kapas, moongfali, bajra, jwaar, kasawa (tapioca), chawal; maveshi, bhed, bakri, oont, gadhe, ghode, murgi
niryaatah
$4.143 arab (2017 kaa anuman.)
niryaat-vastuenh
euranium ayask, pashudhan, mutter, pyaaj
niryaat-bhaagidaarah
france 30.2%, thyland 18.3%, malaysia 9.9%, nigeria 8.3%, maali 5%, switzerland 4.9% (2017)
aayatah
$1.829 arab (2017 kaa anuman.)
ayaat-vastuenh
khaadya padaarth, machinary, vaahan aur purje, petroleum, anaaj
ayaat-bhaagidaarah
france 28.8%, chean 14.4%, malaysia 5.7%, nigeria 5.4%, thyland 5.3%, us 5.1%, bhaarat 4.9% (2017)
rinn-baahyah
$3.728 arab (31 disambar 2017 anuman.)
aarthik sahaayata-praaptakartaah
$222 million (1995)
mudraah
1 communaut financier africane frank (see. aff. aeye. aff.) = 100 centimes
vinimay darah
prati americi $1-670 (janwari 2000), 560.01 (janwari 1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996), 499.15 (1995)
<bee. aar.> "notah"
1 janwari 1999 seey, see. aff. aeye. aff. prati euro 655.957 see. aff. aeye. frank kii darr seey euro key liye nirdhaarit haye.
vittiya varshah
calender varsh
aarthik kshetra.
niger kii arthavyavastha nirvaah fasalon, pashudhan aur duniya key kuchh sabse badey euranium bhandar parr kendrit haye. sookhe key chakr, marusthalikaran, 2.9% jansankhya vriddhi darr aur euranium kii vishva maang mein girawat ney arthavyavastha koo kamjor curr diyaa haye.
niger ack aam mudra, see. aff. aeye. frank, aur ack aam kendriya baink, paschim african raajyon kaa kendriya baink (bee. see. ee. aeye. oh.), paschim african maudrik sangh key saat anya sadasyon key saath saajha kartaa haye. niger africa (ohada) mein vyaapaar kaanoon key samanjasya key liye sangathan kaa sadasya bhee haye.
disambar 2000 mein, niger ney bhaari rinagrast garib deshon (aich. aaee. pee. see.) key liye antarrashtriya maudrik kosh karyakram key tahat badhe hue rinn raahat key liye arhata praapt kii aur garibi mein kamee aur vikas suvidha (pee. aar. jee. aff.) key liye nidhi key saath ack samjhauta kiya. badhee hui hipsey pahal key tahat pradaan kii gaee rinn raahat niger key vaarshik rinn seva daayitvon koo kaafee cumm karati haye, buniyaadi swaasthya dekhbhal, praathamik shiksha, hiv/aids roktham, graameen buniyaadi dhaanche aur garibi mein kamee key liye anya karyakramon parr kharch key liye dhana mukt karati haye.
disambar 2005 mein, yeh ghoshana kii gaee thee kii niger koo aaee. aim. aff. seey bahupakshiya rinn raahat millie thee, joe aaee. aim. aff. key liye lagbhag 86 million dollar key rinn kii maafi mein parivartit hoti haye, jisamen hipsey key tahat shesh sahaayata koo chhodkar. sarkaar key bajat kaa lagbhag aadhaa hissa videshi daataa sansadhanon seey praapt hotaa haye. bhavishya mein vikas tail, sonaa, koyla aur anya khanij sansadhanon key dohan seey hoe sakata haye. pichhale kuchh varshon mein euranium kii kimaton mein kuchh sudhaar huaa haye. 2005 mein sookhe aur tiddy key prakop key kaaran 25 laakh nigerian logon key liye bhojan kii kamee hoe gaee.
aarthik kshetra.
krishi.
krishi arthavyavastha kaafee hudd taka aantarik baajaron, nirvaah krishi aur kachche maal key niryaat parr adharit haih khaadya padaarth aur padosiyon koo maveshi. pashudhan seey videshi mudra aaya, halanki isaki matra nirdhaarit karna mushkil haye, khanan aur tail niryaat key baad niryaat rajaswa kaa doosara srot maanaa jaataa haye. vaastavik niryaat aadhikarik aankadon seey kaheen adhik haye, joe aksar nigeria mein anaupchaarik roop seey paar karane vaale jaanvaron key badey jhund kaa pataa lagaane mein whiffle rahate hain. kuchh khaal aur khaal kaa niryaat kiya jaataa haye, aur kuchh hastshilp mein parivartit hoe jaate hain.
niger key krishi aur pashudhan kshetra sabhi kaa mukhya aadhar hain, lekin aabaadi kaa 18 pratishat. niger key sakal gharelu utpaad kaa 14 pratishat pashudhan utpaadan (oont, bakri, bhed aur maveshi) seey utpann hotaa haye, joe 29 pratishat aabaadi kaa samarthan kartaa haye. iss prakaar 53 pratishat aabaadi sakriya roop seey fasal utpaadan mein shamil haye. niger kii 15 pratishat bhoomi joe kii krishi yogya haye, mukhya roop seey nigeria key saath isaki dakshini seema parr paaee jaati haye.
inn kshetron mein, bajra, jwaar aur kasawa pramukh varsha-adharit nirvaah fasalen hain. aantarik khapat key liye sinchit chawal paschim mein niger nadee ghaati key kuchh hisson mein ugaaya jaataa haye. jabaki mahanga haye, yeh see. aff. aeye. frank key avamoolyan key baad seey, aayatit chawal kii keemat seey cumm mein becha gayaa haye, jisase atirikt utpaadan koo badhaava milaa haye. mutter aur pyaaj vaanijyik niryaat key liye ugaaye jaate hain, saath hii thodi matra mein lahsun, kaali mirch, aaloo aur gehuun bhee ugaaye jaate hain. desh key uttar key chhote hisson mein marudyan kheti seey niryaat key liye pyaaj, khajur aur kuchh bajar kii sabjiyan paida hoti hain.
lekin adhikansh bhaag key liye, fasal kii dekhbhal mein lagey graameen nivasi desh key dakshin kendra aur dakshin paschim mein una kshetron (sahel) mein samoohbaddh hain, jahaan salana varsha honey kii ummeed kii jaa sakati haye. desh key dakshini chhor parr ack chhota saa kshetra, jisake aspas gayaa haye, varsha praapt karane yaa varsha kii ummeed curr sakata haye. uttari kshetra joe fasalon kaa samarthan karate hain, jaise kii air massif aur kaor oesis key dakshini bhaag, oss parr nirbhar karate hain aur pahaadi prabhaavon key kaaran varsha mein thodi vriddhi hoti haye. uttar-paschim aur desh key sudur poorv key badey hisse mein, jabaki sahaara registan key bheetar, ardh-ghumantu pashupalan kaa samarthan karane key liye paryaapt mausami varsha hoti haye. inn kshetron kii aabaadi, jyaadaatar tuareg, vodabe-phoola aur taubu, dakshin kii yatra karate hain (ack prakriya jise transhumance kahaa jaataa haye) aur sookhe mausam mein jaanvaron koo bechate hain, uttar mein sankshipt varsha key mausam mein sahaara mein.
varsha alag-alag hoti haye aur jaba yeh aparyaapt hoti haye, tou niger koo apani aabaadi koo khilaane mein kathinaaee hoti haye aur bhojan kii aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane key liye anaaj kii khareed aur khaadya sahaayata parr bharosa karna padata haye. barish, jaisa kii adhikansh sahel mein, vaarshik parivartansheelta dwara chihnit kiya gayaa haye. yeh 20veen shatabdi mein vishesh roop seey sach rhaa haye, jisamen sabse gambhir sookha 1960 key dashak key anta mein shuru huaa aur 1980 key dashak mein ack baar key saath lambe samay taka chalaa. iska deerghakaalik prabhaav, vishesh roop seey pashupaalak aabaadi key liye, 21veen shatabdi mein banaa huaa haye, una samudaayon key saath joe maveshiyon, bhed aur oonton parr nirbhar hain, iss avadhi key dauran ack seey adhik baar poore jhund koo khou dete hain. haal kii barish parivartansheel bunny hui haye. udaaharan key liye, 2000 mein barish achchi naheen thee, jabaki 2001 mein barish bahut adhik thee aur achchi tarah seey vitarit thee.
udaaharan key liye, joe mitty kharaab hoe gaee haye, vaha niger kii 50 pratishat bhoomi koo cover karati haye. laterite mitty mein mitty kii matra adhik hoti haye, jiska arth haye kii unamen retili mitty kii tulanaa mein adhik cashion vinimay kshamata aur jall-dhaaran kshamata hoti haye. yadi laterite mitty kharaab hoe jaati haye, tou satah parr ack kathor parat bunn sakati haye, joe paani kii ghuspaith aur paudhon key udbhav mein baadha daalati haye. aisee mitty kaa punarvaas karna sambhav haye, ack pranali kaa upayog karke jise avakramit bhoomi kii jaiv ghoshana kahaa jaataa haye.
isamen swadeshi jall-kataai vidhiyon (jaise gaddhe aur khaai lagaana) kaa upayog karna, pashu aur paudhon key avasheshon koo lagaana, aur uchch moolya vaale falon key pedh aur swadeshi sabji fasalen lagaana shamil haye joe sookhe kii sthiti koo sahan karate hain. ardh-shushk ushnakatibandhiya (icrisat) key liye antarrashtriya fasal anusandhaan sansthaan ney niger mein kharaab hui laterite mitty key punarvaas aur chhote kisaanon kii aaya badhaane key liye iss pranali koo niyojit kiya haye. parikshanon ney pradarshit kiya haye kii ack bhukhand seey lagbhag 100 dollar kii aaya hoe sakati haye, joe paaramparik roop seey purush prati hectare bajra utpaadan (10000 varg meater) seey kamaate hain. kyonki mahilaaon koo aksar kharaab mitty dee jaati haye, iss pratha kaa upayog karane seey niger mein mahilaaon kii aajeevika mein sudhaar karane mein madad millie haye.
niger nadee parr kandadji baandh, jiska nirmaan agast 2008 mein shuru huaa thaa, seey shuru mein 6,000 hectare aur 2034 taka 45,000 hectare kii sinchai key liye paani upalabdh karakar tilberi vibhaag mein krishi utpaadan mein sudhaar honey kii ummeed haye.
sookha aur khaadya sankat.
paschim africa mein sahelian deshon mein seey ack key roop mein, niger ney kaee sookhe kaa saamana kiya haye, jisake kaaran 1963 mein apani swatantrata key baad seey khaadya kii kamee hui haye aur kuchh mamalon mein akaal padaa haye. isamen 1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein sookhe kii ack shrinkhala shamil haye aur haal hii mein 2005-2006 aur phir 2010 mein bhee. niger kii sarkaar key saath-saath kuchh sthaaniya ngo dwara bhee vyaapak akaal key astitva parr bahas kii gaee thee.
khanan.
niger khanan udyog rashtriya niryaat kaa mukhya srot haye, jisamen seey euranium sabse badaa niryaat haye. niger 1960 key dashak seey euranium kaa niryaatak rhaa haye aur 1960 aur 1970 key dashak key dauran isaki paryaapt niryaat aaya aur teji seey aarthik vriddhi hui haye. euranium kii lagaatar kimaton mein girawat ney niger key euranium kshetra key liye cumm rajaswa laaya haye, halanki yeh abhee bhee rashtriya niryaat aaya kaa 72 pratishat pradaan kartaa haye. jaba 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein euranium key netritva mein uchhaal samaapt huaa tou arthavyavastha sthir hoe gaee aur taba seey nayaa nivesh seemit hoe gayaa haye. niger kii dou euranium khadaanen-somair kii khuli pitt khadaan aur cominac kii bhoomigat khadaan-ack francisi netritva vaale sangh key swaamitva mein hain aur francisi company orano dwara sanchaalit hain.
naee jamaon kaa dohan karane key liye bhaarat, chean, kanada aur australia jaise deshon kii anya companiyon koo kaee licenses beche gaye hain. 2013 mein, niger kii sarkaar ney dou khanan companiyon koo 2006 key khanan kaanoon key adheen karke apane euranium rajaswa koo badhaane kii maang kii. sarkaar ney tark diyaa kii nae kaanoon key lagu honey seey sarkaar aur areva key beach anyatha pratikool saajhedaari santulit hogi. company ney nae kaanoon key aavedan kaa virodh kiya kii usey bajar mein euranium kii kimaton mein girawat aur pratikool bajar sthitiyon kaa hawala dete hue companiyon key vittiya swaasthya koo khatare mein daalane kaa darr thaa. 2014 mein, niger kii sarkaar key saath lagbhag ack saal lambi baatchit key baad, areva ney niger key 2006 key khanan kaanoon key aavedan parr sahamati vyakt kii, jisase sarkaar key euranium rajaswa koo 5 seey 12 pratishat taka badhaaya jaa sakega.
euranium key alawa, niger nadee aur burkina faso key saath seema key beach key kshetra mein soney key dohan yogya bhandar niger mein maujood hain. 2004 mein, terra vibhaag mein samira pahaadi soney kii khadaan seey pahala nigerian soney kaa sill banaaya gayaa thaa. iss prakaar samira pahaadi soney kii khadaan desh mein pahala vaanijyik soney kaa utpaadan bunn gaee. iss sthaan parr prati tunn key ausat grade parr 10,073,626 tunn key bhandar kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa, jisase chhah saal key khadaan jeevan mein baramad kiya jaayega. maanaa jaataa haye kii anya soney key bhandar paas key kshetron mein hain jinhen "sameera kshitij" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe gothi aur oullam key beach sthit haye.
chirojareen (agaadez key uttar mein) mein sonichar (society nigerian dee charban) ack khule gaddhe seey koyla nikaalata haye aur ack bijli paida karane vaale sanyantra koo eendhan detaa haye joe euranium khadanon koo oorjaa kii aapoorti kartaa haye. niger sarkaar kii 2012 kii reports key aadhar parr, 2011 mein 246016 tunn koyla sonichar dwara nikala gayaa thaa. dakshin aur paschim mein atirikt koyla bhandar hain joe uchch gunavatta key hain aur shoshan yogya hoe sakate hain. niger mein phosphat, koyla, loha, choona patthar aur jipsum key paryaapt bhandar bhee paae gaye hain.
tail.
tail kii sambhavana aur khoj kaa itihas 1975 mein madama mein tintauma tail kshetra kii pahali khoj key saath swatantrata yug mein vaapas jaataa haye. vishesh roop seey agdem besin ney 1970 seey texaco key saath bahut dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye aur phir 1980 taka besin mein esso sambhavana. usee besin parr anveshan permit elf aquitain (1980-1985), esso-elf (1985-1998), esso (1998-2002), aur esso-petronas (<1>) dwara kramik roop seey aayojit kiye gaye they. jabaki tail key liye 324 million bairal aur gais key liye 10 billion ghana meater key bhandar kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa, esso-petrona ney anumati chhod dee kyonki yeh utpaadan key liye bahut cumm matra maanata thaa.
2008 taka tail kii keemat mein achaanak vriddhi key saath, yeh aaklan abb sach naheen thaa; parinamswarup, sarkaar ney cnpc koo agadem block adhikaar hastaantarit curr diye. niger ney ghoshana kii kii americi dollar 5 billion key nivesh key badale mein, cheeni company kuon kaa nirmaan karegi, jinamen seey 11 2012 taka khul jaayenge, zinder key paas ack refinery aur desh seey baahar ack pipeline. sarkaar kaa anuman haye kii iss kshetra mein tail kaa bhandar haye aur yeh kshetra tenrey registan aur bilma key paas aur tail kii maang curr rhaa haye. niger ney 2011 mein apane pahale bairal tail kaa utpaadan shuru kiya.
vriddhi darr.
janwari 1994 mein communaut financier africane (see. aff. aeye.) frank key avamoolyan seey utpann aarthik pratispardha ney 1990 key dashak key madhya mein 3.5% kii vaarshik ausat aarthik vriddhi mein yogdan diyaa. lekin 1999 mein videshi sahaayata mein tej kamee (joe dheere-dheere 2000 mein phir seey shuru hui) aur 2000 mein kharaab barish key kaaran arthavyavastha sthir hoe gaee. krishi kshetra key mahatva koo darshaate hue, achchi barish kii vaapsee 2000 mein 5.1%, 2001 mein 3.1%, 2002 mein 6.0% aur 2003 mein 3.0% kii aarthik vriddhi kaa praathamik kaarak thaa.
haal key varshon mein, niger kii sarkaar ney niveshakon key liye aakarshak sharton key saath nivesh sanhita (1997 aur 2000), petroleum sanhita (1992) aur khanan sanhita (1993) mein sanshodhanon kaa masauda taiyar kiya. vartamaan sarkaar sakriya roop seey videshi niji nivesh chaahati haye aur ise aarthik vikas aur vikas koo bahaal karane kii kunji maanati haye. sanyukt rashtra vikas karyakram (yuu. dee. pee.) kii sahaayata seey isane niji kshetra koo punarjeevit karane key liye ack thhos prayaas kiya haye.
aarthik sudhaar.
janwari 2000 mein, niger kii navanirvaachit sarkaar koo viraasat mein millie gambhir vittiya aur aarthik samasyaaen jinamen lagbhag khaali khajaana, pichhale bakaaya vetan (11 maheene key avaitanik vetan) aur chhatravritti bhugtan, rinn mein vriddhi, rajaswa pradarshan mein kamee aur cumm saarvajanik nivesh shamil hain. disambar 2000 mein, niger ney atyadhik rinagrast garib deshon key liye antarrashtriya maudrik kosh karyakram key tahat badhe hue rinn raahat key liye arhata praapt kii aur garibi mein kamee aur vikas suvidha (pee. aar. jee. aff.) parr nidhi key saath ack samjhauta kiya.
bajat prakriya aur saarvajanik vitt mein parivartan key alawa, naee sarkaar ney aaee. aim. aff. dwara prachaarit nijikaran model kii disha mein aarthik punargathan kaa anusaran kiya haye. isamen jall vitaran aur dursanchar kaa nijikaran aur petroleum utpaadon key liye moolya suraksha koo hataana shamil haye, jisase vishva bajar kii kimaton dwara keematen nirdhaarit kii jaa sakati hain. saarvajanik udyamon key aur nijikaran kaa kaam chala rhaa haye.
aaee. aim. aff. kii garibi nyunikaran aur vikas suvidha yojana kaa paalan karane key apane prayaas mein, sarkaar bhrashtachar koo cumm karane key liye bhee kaarravaai curr rahee haye aur nagrik samaaj koo shamil karane vaali ack sahabhaagi prakriya key parinamswarup, garibi nyunikaran ranneeti taiyar kii haye joe swaasthya, praathamik shiksha, graameen buniyaadi dhaanche aur nyaayik punargathan mein sudhaar parr kendrit haye.
nigerian bijli company, nigelech kaa ack lambe samay seey niyojit nijikaran, 2001 mein aur phir 2003 mein kharidaaron kii kamee key kaaran whiffle rhaa. sonitale, desh kaa telephone operator, jise dakghar seey alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur 2001 mein iska nijikaran kiya gayaa thaa, koo 2009 mein rashtriyakrit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. alochakon ney tark diyaa haye kii lendar sansthanon aur sarkaaron key prati daayitvon ney vyaapaar udaarikaran kii prakriya mein niger koo bund curr diyaa haye joe chhote kisaanon aur vishesh roop seey graameen mahilaaon key liye hanikarak haye.
buniyaadi dhancha.
parivahan avasanrachana.
parivahan iss vishal bhoomi seey ghire rashtra kii arthavyavastha aur sanskriti key liye mahatvapurna haye, jisamen badey nirjan registan, parvat shrinkhalaon aur anya praakritik visheshtaon seey alag shahar hain. niger kii parivahan pranali aupaniveshik kaal (1899-1960) key dauran bahut cumm vikasit hui thee, joe pashu parivahan, maanav parivahan aur sudur dakshin paschim aur dakshin poorv mein seemit nadee parivahan parr nirbhar thee. aupaniveshik kaal mein koee railway kaa nirmaan naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
pramukh shaharon koo jodane vaali pakki sadakon key network kaa nirmaan 1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein euranium uchhaal key dauran swatantrata key baad apani unchaaiyon taka pahunchane key baad shuru huaa. praathamik yaa pakki sadak pranaaliyan badey shaharon yaa pramukh shaharon key beach sampark taka seemit hain. graameen kshetron mein sadak sampark yaa network jyaadaatar binaa pakki, sabhi mausamon mein mitty seey bunny satahon yaa vibhinn staron key rakharkhaav key saath rait seey bharee sadakon key liye hotey hain. 2012 mein, poore niger mein sadak network thaa, jisamen seey pakki thee.
niger nadee, joe desh key dakshin-paschimi bhaag koo paar karati haye, kissy bhee badey paimaane parr nadee parivahan key liye anupayukt haye, kyonki isamen varsh key adhikansh samay gaharaai kaa abhaav hotaa haye, aur kaee sthaanon parr tej gati seey toot jaati haye. oonta kaarvaan parivahan aitihaasik roop seey sahaara registan aur sahel kshetron mein mahatvapurna thaa joe uttar key adhikansh hisse koo cover karate hain.
havaai parivahan mukhya roop seey niyaame mein kendrit haye. niger kaa ekmatra antarrashtriya havaai adda deori hamani antarrashtriya havaai adda haye, joe rajdhani niyaame mein sthit haye. niger key anya havaai addon mein agaadez shahar mein mano dayaak antarrashtriya havaai adda aur zinder shahar mein zinder havaai adda shamil hain, lekin janwari 2015 taka, unhein niyamit roop seey kissy bhee vaahak dwara seva naheen dee gaee thee.
2014 mein, peracou (benin) key madhyam seey niyaame (niger) koo kotonou seey jodane vaale railway vistaar kaa nirmaan shuru huaa aur 2016 taka puuraa honey kii ummeed thee. haalaanki, pariyojana abhee bhee 2018 mein chala rahee thee, aur 2022 taka koee halia report naheen kii gaee haye. isamen peracou (benin) mein maujooda line seey jodane key liye niyaame seey naee railway kaa nirmaan shamil haye. niyam key alawa, railway line doso shahar aur gayaa seey hocker gujaregi.
oorjaa avasanrachana.
oorjaa kii upalabdhata.
niger key paas apani aavashyak oorjaa taka aparyaapt pahunch haye. desh kii oorjaa khapat koo duniya mein sabse cumm maanaa jaataa haye. niger kii oorjaa khapat kii maujooda pranaaliyan bhee raajya key bheetar oorjaa dakshata banaae rakhane key liye bahut avikasit hain. niyam jaise shahari kshetron key beach bijli kii pahunch 50 pratishat bijli seva koo saksham karati haye, aur graameen kshetron mein 20 seey 40 pratishat bijli seva key saath, sabse cumm kshetra 10 pratishat haye. bijli kii anya maangon koo nigelech dwara puuraa kiya jaataa haye, joe deejal generator aur thermal koyla sanyantron koo kiraaye key liye eendhan banaane key liye pradaan kartaa haye.
praathamik oorjaa outlet.
niger mein teen pramukh oorjaa khapat outlet hain; tail utpaad, jaiv eendhan aur apashisht aur bijli. 2016 taka, niger kii oorjaa khapat mein tail utpaadon key madhyam seey 486 key. tii. oh. ee., jaiv eendhan aur apashisht key madhyam seey 2,217 key. tii. oh. ee. aur bijli key madhyam seey 84 key. tii. oh. ee. shamil hain. niger key oorjaa key pramukh srot lakadi aur charcoal hain, jinhen biomass key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. desh mein 2,747 kilo oorjaa aapoorti mein seey 70 pratishat biomass seey haye. vaikalpik sroton kii anupalabdhata aur aayatit oorjaa kii badhee hui daron key kaaran parivaar 90 pratishat taka biomass kaa upayog karate hain, joe kuchh logon koo wahan naheen curr sakate hain. sabse adhik upayog kiye jaane vaale tail utpaad taralikrit petroleum gais, motor gasoline, gais aur deejal, anya mitty kaa tail aur eendhan tail hain.
tikaau aur navikaraniya oorjaa.
niger nadee key kinare banaae gaye baandhon seey niger koo panbijali taka aanshik pahunch bhee milati haye. panbijali oorjaa kaee panbijali sroton seey niger kii oorjaa mein saamoohik roop seey lagbhag 280 megawatt (mw) kaa yogdan detee haye, jisamen kandadji seey 130 mw, gambo mein niger nadee seey 122.5 aur macru mein diandionga seey 26 mw shamil hain. oorjaa praapt karane mein varsha key mahatva key kaaran, panbijali key madhyam seey akshay oorjaa praapt karna vivadaspad saabit huaa haye. phir seey, yeye panbijali baandh nigeria key madhyam seey niger key liye oorjaa paida curr rahey hain.
saur oorjaa kaa upayog oorjaa kii pahunch pradaan karane key liye bhee kiya gayaa haye. 2004 seey 2010 taka saur oorjaa utpaadan lagu kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 2010 seey 2012 taka isamen kaafee girawat aaee thee. haalaanki, 2016 seey lagbhag 5 gigawatt saur oorjaa kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye.
niger mein desh key bheetar tikaau aur navikaraniya oorjaa kii pahunch pradaan karane kii kshamata haye, joe isaki oorjaa kaa sevan badhaane aur aabaadi kii badhati maangon kaa saamana karane mein madad karegi. saur oorjaa, panbijali, grid bijli aur pawan oorjaa jaise swachchh oorjaa sroton kaa upayog karane key liye kaee pariyojanaon parr charcha kii gaee haye.
kaee ngo africa key kuchh hisson mein tikaau aur navikaraniya oorjaa pradaan karane key liye vittaposhan pariyojanaon parr kaam curr rahey hain. tikaau oorjaa banaane key liye sansadhanon koo upalabdh karaana niger key sabse badey baadhaon mein seey ack haye, lekin antarrashtriya akshay oorjaa agency (irena) aur vikas key liye abudhabi fund (aeye. dee. aff. dee.) jaisi agencies niger sahit cumm vikaasheel deshon koo sthaaniya akshay pariyojanaon koo vikasit karane mein madad karane key liye dhana dey rahee hain. yeye agencies saur pee. vee. aur unnat lithium-aayan baitariyon koo niyojit karane vaali ack sankar sookshm-grid pariyojana, ack panbijali pariyojana, ekikrit pawan aur saur, aur sookshm-grid aur saur grih kitt seey yukt ack sanyojan pariyojana sahit pariyojanaon kaa samarthan karengi. isake alawa, niger mein kaam karane vaalaa ack ngo, lighting africa, dou vishva baink-praayojit oorjaa pahunch pariyojanaon key madhyam seey satat oorjaa vikas mein sahaayata curr rhaa haih niger saur bijli pariyojana (nessap), aur kshetriya off-grid vidyuteekaran pariyojana (rogep). yeye pariyojanaaen dou praayogik deshon mein grid pranaliyon key saath kaam karengi, aur isamen niger bhee shamil haye. unakaa uddeshya aadhunik off-grid vidyuteekaran key madhyam seey gharon, vyavsaayon aur samudaayon mein bijli kii pahunch badhaana hoga.

