
kahnavek

kahnavek mohock kshetra (, mohock bhasha mein, tuscarora mein "kahnavaakya") montrial seey paar cubec, kanada mein sant laurence nadee key dakshin tata parr sthit ack pahala rashtra aarakshit kshetra haye. 1719 mein francisi kanadai logon dwara ack jesuit mission key roop mein sthaapit, ise "segneri salt doo sent-luis" aur "kaunavaga" (newyork kii mohock ghaati mein ack mohock gaanv key baad) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. mohock "kahnavek" kii 17 europeeya vartani bhinnataaen hain.
kahnavek kaa kshetra kull ack kshetra haye. isaki nivasi aabaadi 8,000 seey thodi adhik haye, jisamen ack mahatvapurna sankhya aarakshit jeevan seey baahar rahati haye. aaj iska bhoomi aadhar sanghiya bhaaratiya adhiniyam key kaaran asman roop seey vitarit haye, joe vyaktigat bhoomi kabje koo niyantrit kartaa haye. isake aise niyam hain joe kanada key gair-aarakshit kshetron mein lagu honey vaale niyamon seey alag hain. adhikansh "kahnavek" nivasi mool roop seey mohock bhasha bolate they, aur kuchh ney francisi upaniveshvadiyon key saath vyaapaar karate samay aur unake saath gathbandhan karate samay french seekhi. mohock sahit chaar eroquas deshon mein seey adhikansh key saath, unhone americi krantikari yuddh aur nichale kanada vidroh key dauran british sarkaar key saath gathbandhan kiya. taba seey way jyaadaatar angreji bolane vaale bunn gaye hain.
haalaanki europeeya mool key loga paaramparik roop seey kahnavek key nivaasiyon koo mohock key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain, unakaa swanam "kaniyankehaah kaa" ("flint key loga") haye. ack anya arth haye "joe [bhasha] kaniyan 'keha" bolate hain.  kaniyan 'kehaah kaa" aitihaasik roop seey "houdenosouni" (chhah rashtra eroquois sangh) kaa sabse purvi rashtra thaa aur inhen "purvi dwaar key rakhwale" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. unhone vartamaan newyork mein mohock nadee key donon kinaaron aur hudson nadee key paschim mein kshetra koo niyantrit kiya, jahan unhone vartamaan nyu ingland aur tateey kshetron seey janjaatiyon dwara aakraman key khilaf paschim mein sangh key anya hisson kii raksha kii.
kahnavek kaee swa-shaasit kaniyan 'keha mein seey ack haih kanada kii seemaon key bheetar mohock rashtra key kshetra, jisamen montrial key uttar-paschim mein sent laurence nadee key uttari tata parr kanesetake shamil haye; ontario mein tayendinaga; akwesane, joe sent laurence nadee key paar quebeck, ontario aur newyork kii seemaon koo failata haye; aur erie jheel key uttar mein ontario mein grand nadee key chhah rashtra. 18veen shatabdi key anta aur 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, british kahnavek koo kanada key saat rashtron mein seey ack maanate they.
yeh naam mohock shabd "kahnaavaah key" seey liya gayaa haye, jiska arth haye "rapids kaa sthaan", joe aaj key madhya newyork mein mohock nadee key rapids key paas unake pramukh gaanv kaunavaga kaa ullekh kartaa haye. jaba catholic mohak montrial kshetra mein sthanantarit hoe gaye, tou unhone apani poorv basti key naam parr naee basti kaa naam rakhaa. latchin rapids kii nikatata ney unake namkaran key nirnay koo bhee prabhaavit kiya.
sthaan.
kahnavek dakshin-paschim tata parr sthit haye jahan sant laurence nadee sankeern haye. iss kshetra koo mool bhasha mein "onn, yaa rapids" (sent laurence nadee) key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye (french mein, ise mool roop seey "salt doo sent-luis" kahaa jaataa thaa, joe rapids seey bhee sambandhit thaa). yeh shabd unake gaanv koo sent key praakritik rapids key saath sthit honey koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. kaanoon. lekin 20veen shatabdi key madhya mein, sant laurence seeve nahar key nirmaan key saath nadee kaa maarg badal gayaa aur logon ney nadee taka pahunch khou dee.
nae france kii francisi coloney ney "wille-mairi" (baad mein montrial) key liye dakshin-paschimi raksha key hisse key roop mein "kahnavek" kaa upayog kiya aur vahaan ack sainya chauki rakhee. jesuits ney sthaaniya mohock aur anya pratham rashtron koo prashaasit karane key liye ack mission kii sthaapana kii. yeh una missionary pujaariyon key liye bhee ack aadhar thaa jinhen paschim mein bheja gayaa thaa. jesuit abhilekh 1719 kii niptan tithi dete hain.
aitihaasik bhoomi kaa daavaa.
kahnavek koo seagnoury doo salt-sent-luis key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, ack kshetra jise francisi taaj ney 1680 mein jesuit koo una mohock koo "sanrakshit" karane aur "poshan" karane key liye diyaa thaa jinhen nae catholic dharm mein parivartit kiya gayaa thaa. jaba adhinirnaya diyaa gayaa thaa, tou sarkaar ney iss kshetra koo europeeya samjhaute key liye bund karane kaa irada kiya thaa. lekin jesuit ney sailt key signair key roop mein adhikaar grahan kiye, aur francisi aur anya europeeya upaniveshvadiyon koo vahaan basane kii anumati dee aur apana kiraya ekatra kiya.
saat saal key yuddh mein angrejon dwara france koo haraane aur nae france mein mississippi nadee key poorv mein apane kshetra parr kabja karane key baad, jesuit ney aprail 1762 taka segnyuri kaa prabandhan kiya. nae british governor, thomas gaze ney bhaaratiya vibhaag kii dekhrekh mein reserve koo poori tarah seey aur vishesh roop seey mohak mein nihit karane kaa adesh diyaa.
mohak dwara baar-baar shikayaton key bavjood, kaee sarkari agents ney gair-deshi atikraman kii anumati denaa jaari rakhaa, aur bhoomi aur kiraaye kaa galat prabandhan kiya. sarvekshankartaon koo kahnavek logon kii keemat parr kuchh puraane maanchitron koo sanshodhit karate hue paaya gayaa. 1880 key dashak key anta seey 1950 key dashak taka, sarkaar dwara nadee key kinare railway, panbijali aur telephone company audyogik pariyojanaon key nirmaan koo saksham banaane key liye kaee bhoomi hastaantaran karane key liye mohock kii aavashyakta thee.
natijatan, aaj kewal kahnavek haye. 20veen shatabdi key anta mein, mohock rashtra khoye hue bhoomi koo phir seey hassil karane key liye kanadai sarkaar key saath bhoomi key daavon kaa peechha curr rhaa thaa. aadhunik daavaa sant-sthaayi, sant-catherine, sant-maithyu, delson, candiac aur sant-phillip kii nagar paalikaon koo chhoota haye. reserve aur reserve key antar-sarkari sambandh dall key netritva mein, samudaay ney kanada kii sarkaar key saath daavaa daayar kiya haye. yeh apane daave key liye maudrik muaavaje aur prateekaatmak maanyata kii maang curr rhaa haye.
bahusaanskritik samudaay.
kahnavek mein vibhinn prakaar key aitihaasik swadeshi loga basey they, halanki mohock abb taka kaa bahumat bunn gayaa thaa. way aur anya janjaatiyaan aksar bimari yaa yuddh mein khoye hue logon koo badalane key liye janjaati mein bandiyon koo god lene kii pratha rakhate they. way aam taur parr yuva mahilaaon aur bachchon koo god lene key liye chunate they, kyonki inhen aatmasaat karane key liye adhik anukool maanaa jaataa thaa. alag-alag parivaaron ney aise kaidiyon koo god liya aur unhein apane kabile aur janjaati key poorna sadasya banaa diyaa. yeh pratha europeeya muthbhed seey pahale thee, lekin baad mein kuchh europeeya kaidiyon koo bhee mohock key roop mein aatmasaat curr liya gayaa. mohak mein ack matrivanshiya sambandh pranali thee, jisamen bachche maan key kabile mein paida hue maane jaate they aur unake parivaar seey unaki sthiti praapt hoti thee. 
17veen shatabdi key madhya mein francisi taaj dwara aarakshit bhoomi koo "daan" kiye jaane key baad kuchh europeeya basti thee. francisi sarkaar ney vahaan francisi aupaniveshik sainikon koo tainaat kiya (jinhone sthaaniya mahilaaon key saath sampark banaaya aur unake bachche hue). dukandaron ney bhee parivaar banaae, aur 18veen shatabdi key dauran, europeeya purushon aur bhaaratiya mahilaaon key beach kaee vivaah hue. mohak maataon seey paida hue bahujaatiya bachche aasaani seey maan key parivaar, kabile aur rashtra mein aatmasaat hoe jaate they.
17veen aur 18veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, angreji aur francisi uttari america aur europe mein pratispardha curr rahey they. mitra rashtron yaa mool americi janjaatiyon key saath milkar, unhone nyu france aur nyu ingland key kshetron key beach anirdhaarit seema parr chhaape maare. bandiyon koo kabhi-kabhi firauti key liye rakhaa jaataa thaa, aur europeeya parivaaron aur samudaayon ney unhein vaapas khareedane key liye kaam kiya. kuchh mamalon mein, swadeshi samudaayon key parivaaron ney god lene key liye kaidiyon koo rakhaa. udaaharan key liye, 1704 mein hiranon key maidan parr chhaape key dauran 100 seey adhik kaidiyon koo leey jaaya gayaa thaa; unhein bhoomi parr montrial aur kahnavek karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa. hiran kshetra key mantri koo firauti dee gaee, lekin unaki kishore betty koo ack mohak parivaar dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa. antatah usane ack mohak aadami seey shaadi kii aur usake saath ack parivaar thaa, jisane hiran kshetra mein lautane key bajaay apane nae parivaar key saath rahane kaa vikalp chunaa.
iss itihas key parinamswarup, kaee kahnavek loga mishrit vansh key rahey hain lekin mohock key roop mein pehchaan karate hain. prishthabhoomi mein anya eroquis janjaatiyon key vansh shamil hoe sakate hain, jaise kii vanada, onondaga, kayuga, seneka aur tuskarora; aur/yaa french, angreji, anglo-american, scots aur ayrish. 1790 key dashak aur 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka, agantukon ney aksar kahnavek mein dikhaai dene vaale "rakt key mahaan mishran" kaa varnan kiya. unhone nott kiya kii europeeya vansh key prateet honey vaale kaee bachchon koo saanskritik roop seey mohock key roop mein paalaa jaa rhaa thaa. 19veen aur 20veen donon shataabdiyon key anta mein kabhi-kabhi janjaati key poorna rakt aur mishrit-jaati key sadasyon key sambandhon key baare mein adhik tanaav rhaa haye. kanada key anya kshetron mein, vishesh roop seey paschim mein laal nadee kshetra mein, europeeya trappers aur swadeshi mahilaaon key vanshaj, dheere-dheere ack alag, maanyata praapt jaatiya samooh bunn gaye hain, joe ack alag shikaar aur vyaparik sanskriti parr adharit haye.
kahnavek upnaam, jaise kii bevais, dee 'albost, dee laa ronde theboudier, delisley, dee lorimier, giason, johnson, mallox, mccomber, macragor, montaur, phillips, chawal, stacy, tarbell aur williams, adiwasi sadasyon key gair-mool nivaasiyon key saath god lene aur antar-vivaah key sakshya kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. udaaharan key liye, tarbell key poorvaj johnn aur zachaari they, jinhen 1707 mein raani annie key yuddh key dauran groton, massachusets seey chhote bachchon key roop mein pakada gayaa thaa aur kanada leey jaaya gayaa thaa. kahnavek mein mohock parivaaron dwara god liye gaye, ladke aatmasaat hoe gaeh unhein catholic key roop mein bapatisma diyaa gayaa aur unakaa naam badal diyaa gayaa, mohock key tareeke seekh liye gaye aur unhein mohock naam bhee diye gaye, vivaahit mahilaaen joe pramukhon kii betiyaan theen, unake saath bachchon kaa paalan-poshan kiya, aur khud pramukh bunn gaye.
aitihaasik sroton ney kahnawake mein mohock aur jaatiya europeeya logon key beach kabhi-kabhi tanaavpurna sambandhon kaa dastavejikaran kiya haye, aamtaur parr seemit sansadhanon key liye sampatti aur pratispardha parr. 1722 mein, samudaay key nivaasiyon ney francisi sainikon kii senaa parr apatti jataai kyonki unhein darr thaa kii yeh "bhayaanak kalah" kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye aur francisi logon koo sthaaniya logon parr bharosa naheen thaa. 1720 key dashak key madhya mein, samudaay ney una vyaapaari bahanon koo bedkhal curr diyaa, joe pahale kahnavek key sadasyon dwara arjit laabh arjit curr rahee theen. 1771 mein, bice mohock ney british adhikaariyon parr dabaav daala kii way dou sthaaniya parivaaron koo francisi parivaaron koo laane seey rokane key liye "unake samanya upayog key liye aarakshit bhoomi parr" basane mein madad karein. 1812 mein, kaee loga vishisht prakaar key "mishrit" vivahon key virodh mein they. 1822 mein, agent nicolaus dosset ney bataaya kii samudaay una shadiyon seey nirash hoe rhaa thaa jisamen gorey patiyon ney british kanadai kaanoonon key anusaar apani mohak patniyon key jeevan aur sampattiyon parr adhikaar praapt kiye they. yeh eroquois sanskriti key virodh mein thaa, jisamen matrivanshiya sambandh pranali thee, jisamen maatri vansh mein nivesh kii gaee sampatti aur vanshavali thee.
sharaab kaa durupyog ack nirantar samasya thee. 1828 mein, gaanv ney una gorey vyapariyon koo nishkaasit curr diyaa joe rumm aur uttejak sharaab key saath eroquois koo "jahar" dey rahey they. kanada key nichale vidroh key samay tanaav badh gayaa. mohak koo apani bhoomi parr ghuspaith kaa saamana karna padaa thaa, jisamen gair-mool nivasi 'moolyavaan jalaau lakadi lena' bhee shamil thaa. kahnavek ney "deshbhakton" key khilaf british taaj key saath sahyog kiya, kaafee hudd taka apani bhoomi key sanrakshan aur apani saamoohik pehchaan vyakt karane key mudde parr. vidrohon seey pahale aur baad mein, samudaay mishrit-nasl key nivaasiyon key adhikaaron key baare mein ugra roop seey vibhajit thaa, jaise kii antoine-george dee lorimier (clod-nicolas-guillem dee lorimier kaa betaa), aur kyaa usey bedkhal kiya jaanaa chaahiye. haalaanki unaki maan mohock theen aur kahnavek key mool nivasi theen, kyonki unake pitaa aur europeeya samudaay key saath unake apane sambandh they, george dee lorimier 1863 mein unaki mrityu key baad bhee kahnavek mein ack vivadaspad vyakti bunn gaye.
1870 aur 1880 key dashak mein, bhoomi aur sansaadhan dabaavon ney kahnavek mein rahane vaale jaatiya europeeya logon key baare mein sthaaniya chinta koo phir seey badhaa diyaa. isake alawa, rashtriya sarkaar dwara matadhikar seey laker 1884 key bhaaratiya unnati adhiniyam taka kaanoon paarit karane seey, joe paaramparik pramukhon koo pratibandhit kartaa thaa aur kanadai shally key chunaavon kii aavashyakta hoti thee, samudaay koo vibhajit curr detaa thaa aur tanaav koo badhaata thaa. kuchh yuva mohak purush swatantra roop seey pramukh banane kaa mauka chaahte they; anya loga saat kulon mein seey chune gaye paaramparik, vanshaanugat saat jeevan pramukhon koo rakhna chaahte they.
kahnavek nivaasiyon key beach bhoomi swaamitva mein asamaantaon ney ameeron kii narajgi koo janm diyaa. udaaharan key liye, 1884 mein, divangat george dee lorimier key bahujaatiya putra samudaay mein sabse badey aur sabse dhanee bhoomi malik they. kuchh kahnavek nivaasiyon ney sawal kiya kii kyaa joe loga poorna rakt vaale mohak naheen they, unhein itani jameen rakhane kii anumati dee jaani chaahiye. mohock parishad ney giason, deblois, meloche, laflur, plante aur dee lorimier parivaaron key sadasyon koo chhodane key liye kahaa, kyonki sabhi aanshik europeeya vansh key they. kuchh, jaise dee lorimier bhaaiyon ney dheere-dheere apani sampattiyon koo betch diyaa aur kaheen aur apana jeevan vyateet kiya. charles gedden giason jaise anya logon koo antatah aarakshit kshetra mein sthaayi darja diyaa gayaa.
kyonki bhaaratiya vibhaag ney aarakshit kshetra koo paryaapt sahaayata pradaan naheen kii, isaliye samudaay ney aarthik roop seey sangharsh karna jaari rakhaa. ack samay parr, kahnavek pramukhon ney janjaati key liye vaarshiki key liye dhana jutaane key liye aarakshit koo bechane kaa sujhaav diyaa. samajik ashanti badh gaee, yuva purushon ney gharon, godamon aur kheton mein rahane vaale jaanvaron parr hamla kiya, jinase way naraj they. meey 1878 mein ack aagajani mein charlotte-luis giason (charles gedon giason kii betty, oopar ullikhit) key pati osias meloche kii maut hoe gaee aur unakaa ghar aur godam nasht hoe gaye. wallbank sarvekshan key tahat, rashtriya sarkaar ney aarakshit bhoomi kaa sarvekshan kiya aur upvibhajit kiya, jisamen kahnavek mein rahane key liye paatr pratyek ghar key mukhiya koo vyaktigat roop seey kuchh bhukhand aavantit kiye gaye. bhoomi key nijikaran kaa nayaa roop shuru honey key kaaran hinsa bund hoe gaee, lekin kuchh samudaay key sadasyon key prati virodh naheen huaa.
parishad pramukhon kaa chunaav 1889 mein shuru huaa, lekin paaramparik kabile key pramukhon kii kahnavaake kii chhaaya sarkaar kaa prabhaav banaa rhaa. yeh 1920 key dashak taka chalaa, jaba paaramparik saat-vansh pranali lambe ghar andolan mein avashoshit hoe gaee, joe teen kulon parr adharit thee. yeh 1940 key dashak mein majboot thaa.
samudaay mein/usake madhyam seey nirmaan pariyojanaon key prabhaav.
aitihaasik roop seey, sanghiya aur quebeck sarkaaron ney aksar badee sivil engineering pariyojanaon kaa pataa lagaaya haye joe dakshini quebeck arthavyavastha koo "kahnavek" bhoomi key madhyam seey labhanvit karati hain kyonki yeh sent laurence nadee seey nikatata mein haye. reserve panbijali sanyantron, railway aur vaahan rajmargon aur pulon seey bijli kii lines dwara criss-cross kiya gayaa haye. aisee pariyojanaon mein seey pahali pariyojana kanada key prashant railway kaa sent-laurent railway pull thaa. chinai kaa kaam reed aind flaming dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur steel kii oopari sanrachana dominian brij company dwara banaai gaee thee. 1886 aur 1887 mein, nayaa pull kahanavake seey montrial dweep taka chaudi nadee parr banaaya gayaa thaa. kahnavek purush paani aur jameen seey saikadon feat oopar puliya aur lohe key kaarigaron key roop mein kaam karate they.
jaba rashtriya sarkaar ney gaanv seey cutt curr sant laurence samudri nahar koo paar karane kaa faisala kiya, tou kahnavek key logon aur imaraton koo praakritik nadee key tata seey sthaayi roop seey alag curr diyaa gayaa. bhoomi key nuksan aur nadee taka pahunch, gharon key vidhvans aur nadee key saath samudaay key sambandhon mein badalaav kaa kahnavek parr gahara prabhaav padaa haye. loga saikadon varshon seey vahaan basey hue they, aur unaki pehchaan nadee key gahan gyaan seey sambandhit thee, jaba seey way bachche they aur vayaskata taka. nuksan kaa ack prabhaav samudaay koo adhik atikraman kaa saamana naa karane key liye dridh karna thaa. way ack saath aae aur majboot hue.
newyork mein kaam karate hain.
pramukh oonchi nirmaan pariyojanaon parr mohock kii safalata ney iss kinvadanti koo prerit kiya kii mool americi purushon koo unchaaiyon parr kaam karane kaa koee darr naheen thaa. kanada mein kaee kahnavek purushon ney lohe aur ispat key kaarigaron key roop mein kaam karna jaari rakhaa. 1907 mein quebeck pull key dhahane seey taintis kahanavake (mohock) kii mrityu hoe gaee, joe abb taka kii sabse kharaab nirmaan viphaltaon mein seey ack haye. itane saare purushon key khone seey chhota samudaay tabah hoe gayaa thaa. unhone unhein sammaanit karane key liye reserve key donon siron parr steel key girder key cross lagaae.
20veen shatabdi key pahale bhaag key dauran kaee kahnavek lohe key karigar kaam karane key liye newyork shahar gaye. isake bhawan mein teji ney ullekhaniya gaganchumbi imaraton aur pulon key nirmaan koo protsaahit kiya. ack peedhi seey adhik samay taka, kaee kahnavek purushon ney samrajya raajya bhawan key nirmaan mein bhaag liya, aur newyork shahar mein anya pramukh gaganchumbi imaraton key saath-saath kaee pulon key nirmaan mein bhee bhaag liya. way apane parivaaron koo apane saath laae, aur kahnavak key adhikansh mohak brooklin mein rahate they. way apane pados koo apani matribhoomi key baad "little kaunavaga" kahate they. jabaki purush gaganchumbi imaraton parr kaam karate they, mahilaaon ney apane parivaaron key liye ack majboot samudaay banaaya. kaee loga ghar key baahar bhee kaam karate they. garmiyon mein, parivaar rishtedaron key saath rahane aur connection koo navinikrit karane key liye kahnavek lautate they. kuchh loga joe bachchon key roop mein brooklin mein paley-badhe hain, unake paas abhee bhee sthaaniya newyork uchchaaran haye, halanki way lambe samay seey kahnavek mein rahate hain.
newyork mein kahnavek uchch ispat key karmchari 1966 key vrittachitra "uchch ispat" kaa vishay they, jaisa kii harrold mccomber kii kahani key madhyam seey dekhaa gayaa haye.
20veen shatabdi key anta seey vartamaan taka.
nirvaachit ee (aim. key.) ney aam taur parr aarakshit kshetra koo niyantrit karane mein prabhutva sthaapit kiya haye. yeh nirvaachit sarkaar ekmatra nikaay haye jisake saath kanada kii sarkaar kaam karegi.
aarakshit parr sadasyata aur nivaas.
20veen shatabdi key anta mein reserve mein kaun reh sakata haye, iss parr sangharsh jaari rahane key saath, kahanavake (aim. key.) kii mohock parishad key nirvaachit pramukhon ney kahanavake mein sadasyata yaa nivaas key liye paatrata koo viniyamit karane vaale kaanoon paarit kiye. 1981 mein unhone ack kaanoon paarit kiya kii gair-mool nivasi samudaay mein naheen reh sakate; joe mohak rashtra key baahar shaadi karate hain, way matribhoomi mein rahane kaa adhikaar khou dete hain. mack ney kahaa kii usaki neeti logon kii saanskritik pehchaan koo sanrakshit karna thaa. 21veen sadee mein, way naheen chaahte they kii gair-mool nivasi aarakshit kshetra mein rahein, bhale hii kissy vyakti ney mohak bhasha yaa sanskriti koo apanaaya hoe.
yeh neeti 1981 mein gair-deshi nivaas parr samudayik sthagan parr adharit haye, jise kahanavake ney 1984 mein kaanoon mein lagu kiya thaa. sabhi jode jinake paas gair-mohak saathi thaa, unhein bedkhali key notice bheje gaye they, chaahe way reserve parr kitane samay taka rahey houn. ekmatra chhoot una aise jodon key liye thee jinhone 1981 key adhisthagan seey pahale shaadi kii thee. halanki kuchh sambandhit mohak nagrikon ney nasleeya roop seey ananya sadasyata neeti kaa virodh kiya, kanadai manvadhikar nyayadhikaran ney faisala sunaaya kii mohak kahanavake sarkaar apane logon key astitva koo sunishchit karane key liye aavashyak neetiyon koo apana sakati haye.
farwari 2010 mein, iss mudde koo taba navinikrit kiya gayaa jaba kahnavek kii mohock parishad ney 35 gair-mool nivaasiyon koo aarakshit kshetra seey bedkhal karane key liye chunaa. jabaki sadasyata kaanoonon key anusaar kaarravaai kanuni thee, alochakon kaa maanana thaa kii parishad vishesh roop seey kuchh vyaktiyon key khilaf kaarravaai curr rahee thee. yeye vyakti 10 saal yaa usase adhik samay taka aarakshit kshetra mein rahey they aur samudaay mein yogdan diyaa thaa. parishad ney kahaa kii way seemit awas aur gair-mool nivaasiyon dwara kabja kii gaee bhoomi key baare mein nivaasiyon kii shikayaton kaa jawab dey rahey they. nishkasana prastaav, jiska samarthan sabhi 12 pramukhon ney kiya, samudaay key bheetar aur baahar hangama machaaya, jisane rashtriya press kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya.
kahanwek samachar patra "dha eastern door" key prakaashak aur sampaadak steve bonspial ney kahaa kii yeh mudda 1973 kaa haye. usa samay, jaba samudaay mein koee sambandh naheen rakhane vaale gair-deshi logon koo jaane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa, tou unhein pareshan kiya gayaa aur yahaan taka kii shaaririk roop seey bhee hamla kiya gayaa thaa. bonspial ney socha kii reserve mein rahane key liye ayogya logon key naam prakaashit karane key liye parishad kii 2010 kii dhamki saarvajanik dabaav aur unake khilaf sambhaavit shaaririk khatare kaa upayog karane key saadhan key roop mein anuchit thee. usa varsh "purvi dwaar" dwara iss mudde koo cover karane key parinamswarup parishad ney apane nirnay koo ulat diyaa.
sanghiya bhaaratiya mamalon key mantri chuck strial ney kahaa kii baind key gair-sadasyon koo bedkhal karane key baare mein kuchh bhee avaidh naheen thaah
quebeck deshi mahila sangh key pramukh aur kanesatek mein ack mohock nivasi elen gabriel ney mack kii aalochana kii. unhone kahaa kii unake kaary mohock samudaayon key paaramparik samavesh kaa pratinidhitva naheen karate hain, jinhone aitihaasik roop seey god lene vaalon aur vivaah bhagidaron koo aatmasaat kiya thaa. unhone gair-deshi bhagidaron koo chunane vaale vyaktiyon key niji jeevan mein hastakshep karane key liye parishad kii aalochana kii. unhone kahaa kii mohock lambe samay seey logon koo unake samudaayon key bheetar ekikrit karane mein safal rhaa haye, aur sadiyon seey abhee bhee unaki bhasha aur sanskriti koo sanrakshit kiya haye.
kuchh nivasi jinhen bedkhali key notice mille they, way jaane key liye sahmat hoe gaye; anya ney saabit kiya kii way samudaay mein kewal seemit samay bitaate hain, isaliye agantukon key roop mein anumati dee gaee thee. parishad ney kahaa kii vaha una logon koo doosara notice bhejegi jinhone jawab naheen diyaa, aur phir unake naam prakaashit karenge. shaasi baind parishad ney gair-mool nivaasiyon koo chhote samudaay koo chhodane key liye kahane key apane adhikaar kaa bachaav kiyaah
sitambar 2014 mein, parishad ney gair-mool nivaasiyon key mudde koo punarjeevit kiya, charcha key liye samudayik baithakon kii ghoshana kii aur ack nayaa viniyaman jaari karane kii yojana banaai. isane gair-kahanwek nivaasiyon koo baithak seey roque diyaa.
punarsthapanatmak nyaay.
europeeya sampark seey pahale, eroquois sangh ("houdenosouni") mein kabile aur parishad pranali key bheetar prashaasit nyaay kii ack lambi parampara thee. kabila kabile key sadasyon key vyavhaar koo niyantrit karega, aur kabile key sadasyon key beach sangharsh koo parishad kii aam sahamati seey nipataaya jaayega. iss pranali mein kabile kii maataon key saath-saath pramukhon kii bhee bhoomika thee. iska lakshya samudaay mein shaanti koo jaldi seey bahaal karna aur usa vyavhaar koo niyantrit karna thaa jisase usey khatra thaa. yeh pranali prakriya key hisse key roop mein galat karane vaale aur peedit donon key saath tark, anunaya, santushti aur muaavaje key chaar siddhanton parr adharit thee. iska uddeshya pakshon key beach "[gha] muaavaje aur shoke aur samjhaute kaa vaadaa" praapt karna thaa.
kahnavek aur anya pratham rashtra samudaayon mein kaee logon kaa maanana haye kii unake logon koo kanadai nyaay pranali dwara achchi tarah seey seva naheen dee jaa rahee haye. pratham rashtra key logon kaa isamen aur jailon mein adhik pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye. unakaa maanana haye kii yeh paaramparik tarikon parr kanadai nyaay pranali key thope jaane key kaaran haye, jisake dwara sarkaar ney pahale rashtron koo europeeya-adharit sanskriti mein aatmasaat karane kii koshish kii haye. kanada kii sarkaar ney dheere-dheere iss pranali key "swadeshikaran" kaa samarthan kiya haye. kahnavek ney shaanti key nyayadhishon key roop mein samudaay key sadasyon koo naamit karane key liye bhaaratiya adhiniyam kii dhaara 107 kaa upayog kiya, aur 1974 mein nyaay sharron koo reserve mein shaanti key pahale nyaay key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. kaee mamalon mein yatayat aur parking key ullanghan seey nipata gayaa haye, lekin uska daira vyaapak haye, kyonki jey. pee. key paas nimnalikhit chaar kshetron seey sambandhit aaparaadhik sanhita key apraadhon parr adhikaar kshetra haih jaanvaron key prati krurta, aam hamla, todana aur pravesh karna, aur bhatakana. kaniyan 'kehaah kaa" mein aur sudhaar chaahte they.
2000 key baad seey, kahnavek ney eroquois kii paaramparik nyaay pranali "skenah aine aeye 'onsonton" (phir seey shantipurna banane key liye) koo phir seey pesh karna shuru curr diyaa haye. yeh ack vaikalpik vivaad samadhan prakriya banaana chaahata thaa, jaisa kii pahale rashtra dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, yaa apane siddhanton key anusaar "phir seey pesh kiya gayaa" thaa. aim. key. kii nyaay samiti aur longhouse key pratinidhiyon ney sanyukt roop seey samudaay key saamane pahal prastut kii. kahnaake key bhaugolik kshetra key bheetar hue galat kaam key aadhar parr, yeh pranali kanadai pranali key tahat kissy prabhaavit paksh kii giraftari seey pahale upayog key liye haye. peedit aur aparaadhi aur unake samarthakon dwara upayog kii jaane vaali prakriyaaen hain. muddon koo hull karane key liye prashikshit suvidha pradaataon kii sahaayata seey, iss prakriya kaa uddeshya ack pratikool prakriya honey key bajaay shaanti aur sadbhaav koo bahaal karna haye. pratikool nyaay kii kanadai pranali key vipareet,
iss pahal mein, udaaharan key liye, shaanti sainikon aur samudaay key sadasyon kaa samarthan praapt karane kii chunauti haye joe inn paaramparik saanskritik siddhanton seey parichit naheen hoe sakate hain. lekin, yeh una siddhanton mein punah shiksha kaa ack mahatvapurna saadhan haye joe vartamaan kanadai pranali kaa ack vikalp pradaan karate hain, aur vishesh roop seey samudaay key yuvaaon key liye bhavishya key nirmaan mein madad karate hain.
juaa/khel.
kahnavek khel aayog internet-adharit pokar, casino aur sportsbook saiton koo juaa licenses pradaan kartaa haye. isane usa vyavasaay mein ack mahatvapurna khilaadi key roop mein kahnavek koo sthaapit kiya haye.
mohock internet technologys (aim. aaee. tii.), kshetra key bheetar sthit ack sthaaniya detta center, kaee internet juaa websites kii mejbani aur prabandhan kartaa haye, aur apane logon koo uchch takneek rojgar pradaan kartaa haye. uttar americi khilaadiyon key liye "kanuni roop seey host kii gaee" juaa websites key liye aim. aaee. tii. sabse nikatatam aur sabse tez srot haye. 1998 mein sthaapit, 2006 taka ack "ullekhaniya roop seey laabhdaayak" udyam bunn gayaa thaa.
rajneeti.
kahnavek key pachas purushon ney viyatnam yuddh key dauran sanyukt raajya sashastr balon key saath ladane key liye swechha seey kaam kiya.
apani sanskriti aur bhasha koo majboot karane key liye kaam karate hue, kahnavaake key logon koo aam taur parr paas key chhote kensetech reserve kii raajneetik uthal-puthal naheen hui haye. 1990 mein apane oka sankat key dauran kanesetek key samarthan mein, kahnavek key logon ney montrial key liye onar mercier pull koo avaruddh curr diyaa, jisake paas unake aarakshit kshetra key madhyam seey ack pahunch sadak thee. pavitra maani jaane vaali mohak bhoomi key upayog koo laker sangharsh mein kanesetek reserve koo suret doo cubec dwara avaruddh aur alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
pull kii nakabandi ney poore garmiyon mein kaee sthaaniya logon key awagaman koo prabhaavit kiya, jisase dange hue aur putale jalaaye gaye aur "whisky trench" prakaran huaa. 28 agast, 1990 koo 50 seey 75 kaaron kaa ack kafila, jisamen jyaadaatar mahilaaen, bachche aur bujurg they, kanadai senaa dwara sambhaavit pragati key darr seey kahanavake seey chalaa gayaa. jaba praantiya pulis bull dwara mohakon kii kaaron kii talashi lii jaa rahee thee, tou saikadon kii bheed rajmarg key montrial side mein ikattha hoe gaee; bheed mein kaee logon ney kaaron parr patthar aur kursiyan fenki aur jaatiya gaaliyan deen. kaee khidakiyan toot gaeen aur kuchh mohak chattanon seey takra gaye aur kaanch seey kaat diye gaye. terah logon koo giraftar kiya gayaa. kafile koo gujarane dene key liye praantiya sarkaar parr dosh lagaa haye; itane lambe samay taka kaaron koo pakadane key liye, aur jyaadaatar logon koo patthar fenkane seey naheen rokane key liye suret doo cubec parr; pulis yaa senaa yaa danga daste kii kamee parr; aur sthaaniya radio stations parr joe kafile key sthaan koo prasaarit karate hain.
kuchh samay baad, kahnavek ney pull kii nakabandi koo hataane key liye sashastr balon key saath alag seey baatchit kii.
kahnavek dhwaj kaa antarrashtriya upayog.
2007 mein, samudri charwaha sanrakshan society dwara sanchaalit dou jahaajon ney kahnavek mohak dhwaj udaaya. kahnavek mohock rashtra ekmatra swadeshi americi samprabhu rashtra haye jisake paas gahare samudra mein videshi jahaajon kaa jhanda haye. disambar 2007 seey, samudri charvaahe key jahaaj neetherland mein panjikrit hain.
aitihaasik sthal.
kahnavek mein kanada key teen rashtriya aitihaasik sthal hainh fort sent-luis, sent-francois-javier kaa jesuit mission aur kaugnawaga presbytery.
media.
kahnavek key kaee media outlet hainh
kahnavek paav vaah.
harr garmiyon mein julaai key dusare saptahant mein kateri tekakwitha dweep parr paav vaah aayojit kiya jaataa haye. yeh ack samajik karyakram haye joe sabhi key liye paaramparik khaadya padarthon, haath seey baney shilp, gaayan aur paaramparik nritya jaisi deshi americi sanskriti koo saajha karane key liye khula haye.