
myuiska khagol vigyaan

iss lekh mein myuiska key khagol vigyaan kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye. musica kii spanish vijay seey pahale america mein chaar unnat sabhyataon mein seey ack, musica koo khagol vigyaan kii poori samajh thee, jaisa kii unaki vastukala aur calender seey pataa chalata haye, joe unaki krishi mein mahatvapurna haye.
vibhinn khagoliya sthalon kaa nirmaan ultiplano cundiboisance parr kiya gayaa haye, joe kendriya kolambiyai aur madhya mein myuska key kshetra hain, lekin aaj bhee kuchh hii hain. kaee puraataatvik sthaanon koo spanish vijetaon dwara nasht curr diyaa gayaa haye aur unake catholic churchon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye. "ell infiernito", vilaa dee leeva key baahar, shesh sthalon mein seey sabse prasiddh haye. soorya key pavitra shahar sugamuxi mein soorya key mandir kaa punarnirmaan kiya gayaa haye.
18veen shatabdi key anta aur 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein jose domingo dukwesney aur alekjendar wonn humbolt aur aadhunik shodhkartaon key roop mein ellyser silva selis, manual arturo izquierdo penaa, carle heinrich langback aur juan david morails ney myuska khagol vigyaan key gyaan mein yogdan diyaa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
musica ack unnat sabhyata thee, joe ultiplano kundaboyasense mein rahati thee aur musica kii spanish vijay seey pahale bogota sawana key dakshin-purvi hisse key roop mein, jise aaj columbia key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. musica avadhi kii shuruat aamtaur parr 800 esvi mein nirdhaarit kii jaati haye, joe herera avadhi key baad hoti haye, aur musica kaa shasankal 1537 mein spanish key aagaman taka chalaa.
andean uchch pathaar key upajaau maidanon mein, myuiska ney ack samriddh arthavyavastha vikasit kii jisamen jall nikasi aur sinchai kii krishi praudyogikiyan, soney key lalit shilp, "tumbaga" aur cheeni mitty aur vastra aur ack dhaarmik aur pauranik samaaj shamil they. raajneetik sangathan kaafee dheela thaa; vibhinn shasakon kaa ack samooh joe chhote samudaayon mein ack-dusare key saath vyaapaar karate they. vyaparik aur teerth maarg ("kalzadas") maidani ilaakon mein aur ultiplano kii pahaadiyon key madhyam seey banaae gaye they.
myuiska khagol vigyaan.
musica kaa sabse mahatvapurna aur abhee bhee shesh puraataatvik sthal, poorv-musica herera kaal kaa haye; jise spanish vijetaon dwara "ell infiernito" kahaa jaataa haye. yeh ack khagoliya sthal haye jahan sankranti key samay soorya patthar key stambhon kii chhaaya koo thheek pavitra jheel iguac key saath jodata haye, jahan muiska dharm key anusaar maan devi baachue kaa janm huaa thaa. isake alawa, yeh sthal tirthayatra kaa sthaan huaa kartaa thaa jahan muiska ikattha hotey they aur vastuon kaa adaan-pradaan karate they. puraatatvavid carle heinrich langback ney nott kiya kii "ell infiernito" mein kiye jaane vaale utsav praarambhik myuiska avadhi (800-1200 AD) key hain aur iss baat kaa koee saboot naheen milaa kii way utsav herera avadhi mein maujood they. stambh chhaaya key vaastavik sanrekhan 91 (poorv) aur 271 degree (paschim) hain. purvi sanrekhan moro nigro pahaadi kii or ishara kartaa haye. "vishuv mein "ell infiernito" ney bhee ultiplano parr varsha ritu kii ghoshana kii.
fasal aur buvaai key chakron aur unaki vastukala key nirmaan donon key sandarbh mein, khagol vigyaan muiska key sangathan mein ack mahatvapurna kaarak thaa. mandir aur ghar poorv-paschim abhivinyas key saath banaae gaye they; soorya, chandrama aur shukra key uday aur sett key saath sanrekhit. logon key vastron mein bhee soorya aur chandrama key prateek dikhaai dete hain. yeh sambhav haye kii muiska key dharm mein devta prithvi aur bhoo-bhaag key bunkaron kaa pratinidhitva karate they.
muiska apani kalaa aur anushthaanon key liye soney kaa upayog karate they aur soney koo "soorya kaa veerya" maanaa jaataa thaa. prasiddh myuiska raft mein chitrit, guatveeta jheel mein nae "zipaa" kii sthaapana key anushthaan mein, nayaa "zipaa" usake nagna shareer koo soney kii dhool seey dhaka dega aur jheel mein kood jaayega. sangeet bajaaya jaataa thaa aur vaha chaar pujaariyon seey ghiraa huaa thaa, joe soorya key dou bachchon aur chandrama key dou bachchon kaa pratinidhitva karate they.
dharm aur bhugol key saath sambandh.
muiska key dharm mein vibhinn devta they joe brahmand aur paryavaraniya karakon (kuchavira; indradhanush, chibchakam; varsha, nenkatakoa; prajanan kshamata) parr adharit they. muiska key sarvocch vyakti, chiminigagua ney brahmand key janm kaa pratinidhitva kiya, jinhone prakaash banaane aur prithvi koo aakar dene key liye dou pakshiyon koo bheja thaa. unake bachche soorya key devta they; sue aur unaki patni, chandrama kii devi; chiyaa. donon devtaon ney jatil lunisolar myuiska calender key liye aadhar key roop mein kaary kiya, jisamen synodic aur ciderial maheenon key liye alag-alag vibhajan they. dinn gregarian calender key dinon key barabar they aur teen alag-alag varsh alag-alag maheenon key sett seey baney they; 12 yaa 13 maheenon key graameen varsh, 20 maheenon key samanya varsh aur 37 maheenon key pavitra varsh.
muiska dharm mein sabse mahatvapurna dhaarmik hastiyon mein seey ack bochika, daadhi vaale doot devta they. mithakon key anusaar, bochika pasca seey izaa taka chalaa. uttar-paschimi bhaag key saath ultiplano key dakshin-purvi bhaag mein una dou sthaanon koo jodane vaali rekha mein thheek 45 degree kaa azimuth haye.
sugamuxi mein soorya key nirmit mandir key saath bakata shahar key beach kii rekha mein 45 degree kaa azimuth haye. donon sthaanon key beach kii lambai prithvi kii paridhi key ack degree key barabar haye. poorvottar kii or iss prakshepavakra koo jaari rakhate hue, yeh siera nevada dell cockie kii sabse oonchi choti key saath line mein haye.
myuiska khagoliya sthal.
muiska sangh key poore kshetron mein kaee mandir aur muiska key anya sthal maujood hain. aaj unamen seey bahut cumm bache hain. puraatatva sangrahalaya, sogamoso mein sugamuxi key soorya mandir kaa punarnirmaan kiya gayaa haye, chiyaa kaa chandrama mandir nasht curr diyaa gayaa haye, "ell infiernito" abhee bhee poorv-muiska samay seey maujood haye aur cosins dell zaak tunza mein sthit dou patthar hain. goranchach mandir kii tarah kojinon koo muiska key poorv mandiron key saath sanrekhit kiya gayaa thaa. mandiron key sthalon parr, spanish upaniveshvadiyon ney apane church banaae. kozin soorya key paar chauthai key liye 106 degree key azimuth key saath sanrekhit hain, joe vartamaan saine francisco church seey romikira kii pavitra pahaadi taka jaate hain.
bogot mein bolivar varg seey dekhaa gayaa, juuna sankranti parr soorya bilkul monserrate key oopar ugataa haye, jise myuska "quizicha kaaka" yaa "daadi kaa pair" kahaa jaataa haye, aur disambar sankranti parr suu guadalupe pahaadi yaa "quizicha guexica" ("daadaa kaa pair") key peechhe seey dikhaai detaa haye. march aur sitambar key vishuv mein, soorya dou pahaadiyon key beach ghaati mein ugataa haye.
chandra-saur panchang.
chiyaa aur sue ney jatil myuiska calender kaa aadhar banaaya, jahan teen prakaar key varshon mein synodic aur ciderial maheenon koo dhyaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa; 12 yaa 13 maheenon key graameen varsh, 20 maheenon key samanya varsh aur 37 maheenon key pavitra varsh. saptahik baajaron key saath saptah 4 dinn they, jisase harr maheene 7 saptah hotey they.
dukwesney key anusaar, muiska ney apani 'poorna' sankhya 'gueta' kaa upayog kiya; ack shatabdi mein 20 pavitra varsh (20 gunaa 37 maheene; 740) shamil they joe lagbhag 60 gregarian varshon key barabar haye. usee vidwan ney ack "samanya shatabdi" ("siglo vulgar") kaa ullekh kiya jisamen 20 gunaa 20 maheene shamil they. pedro saiman, jaisa kii izquierdo penaa dwara varnit haye, ney dou alag-alag shataabdiyon kii khoj kii; myuiska sangh (rajdhani hanzaa) key uttari bhaag mein aur dakshin mein, rajdhani bakata. izquierdo penaa dwara yeh parikalpana kii gaee haye kii yeh spasht antar saiman key itihas mein ack typo key kaaran thaa. samay key saath vidvaanon dwara kiye gaye vibhinn vishleshanon koo jodate hue, izquierdo penaa ney paaya kii bochika kaa aagaman huaa haye, jiska varnan pedro saiman ney kiya haye kii yeh 14800 maheene huaa haye aur bochika kaa sapana maanaa jaataa haye kii varnan key samay seey pahale 20 "buxogonoa" yaa 2000 pavitra varsh (37 maheenon seey milkar) huaa haye. gregorian calender mein yeh 6166.7 varshon key barabar haye.

