neeche dekhein/neeche shoot karein

ack radar pranali mein dekhane/goli maarne kii kshamata hoti haye yadi yeh ack hathiyar kaa pataa lagaa sakati haye, track curr sakati haye aur ack havaai lakshya taka margadarshan curr sakati haye (jaisa kii radar dwara dekhaa jaataa haye) joe jameen key khilaf siluate kiya gayaa haye.
samasya aur namkaran.
vishesh roop seey samay kshetra radar takneekon parr nirbhar vayu avarodhak radar prabhaavi roop seey kissy bhee samay andhaa hoe jaataa haye jaba radar kaa antina prithvi kii satah kii or lakshit hotaa haye. aisaa isaliye haye kyonki radar koo jameen parr ingit karane seey ack badaa paraavartan hotaa haye. vaha pratibimb aur agami "avyavasthit" pradarshan maanav prachaalak aur sanganakiya pranaliyon koo abhibhoot curr detaa haye (ground clutter dekhein). iss prakaar kii radar pranaaliyan taba anivarya roop seey bekaar hoti hain jaba satah parr 'neeche' ingit kii jaati hain, kshitij key paas aur neeche kamjori kaa kshetra hotaa haye. iss kshetra kaa sakriya roop seey dushman ladaakon dwara upayog kiya jaa sakata haye joe bhoo-bhaag masking key roop mein jaani jaane vaali takneek kaa upayog karke radar tracking seey chhipana chaahte hain.
puls-doppler radar kii tarah, samay domen signal processing key saath sanyukt aavritti domen signal processing, usa bhedyata koo samaapt karane kaa ack tarika haye.
neeche dekhein.
senaaon koo neeche kii or sahit sabhi pahaluon key tahat havaai avarodhan radar key pradarshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. avyavastha koo prabhaavi dhang seey door karane key liye takneekon kaa upayog karke, maanav sanchaalak aur computer ruchi key lakshyon parr dhyaan kendrit curr sakate hain. yeh radar pranali koo "neeche dekhane" kii anumati detaa haye, aur yeh kamjori key kshetra koo samaapt curr detaa haye. sainya havaai ladaakoo vaahan jinamen iss kshamata kii kamee haye, kshitij kii rekha key neeche aur saath lakshyon key liye andhe hotey hain aur isaliye unhein sanlagn karane yaa hamla karane mein asamarth hotey hain.
goli maar dein.
ack baar jaba radar "neeche dekh sakata haye", tou baad mein "neeche goli maarnaa" vaanchhaniya haye. vibhinn hathiyar pranaliyon (bandookon aur misaailon sahit) koo phir nirdisht radar lakshyon key khilaf niyojit kiya jaataa haye, yaa tou vimaan key radar parr nirbhar karate hue "neeche dekhein" kshamata (ardh-sakriya radar hoaming mein) yaa sanketit lakshya koo hull karane key liye hathiyar key apane sakriya radar (sakriya radar hoaming mein) kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
avadharana.
vaayujanit radar dwara saamana kii jaane vaali takniki chunauti apekshaakrit chhote radar return (jaise.jee. badey radar return (jaise) kii upasthiti mein anya vimaan, lakshya.jee. bhoo-bhaag) jaba radar koo jameen kii or ingit kiya jaataa haye, "neeche dekhana". jameen radar oorjaa koo dridhata seey pratibimbit karati haye jabaki lakshya apekshaakrit kamjor roop seey radar oorjaa koo pratibimbit kartaa haye, jisase radar screen parr bhramit avyavastha paida hoti haye. cumm udaan vaale vimaan kii radar chhavi koo aspas kii jameen kii avyavastha seey alag karna mushkil yaa asambhav haye.
look-down/shoot-down radar koo electronic karyakramon key saath badhaaya gayaa haye joe radar chhavi koo sansaadhit karate hain aur chalati vastuon kii khoj karate hain, jinka pataa radar vaapsee mein doppler shift kii talash seey lagaaya jaataa haye. lakshya sanket koo dekhate hain. radar sabhi sthir vastuon koo hataa detaa haye (jaise.jee. pradarshan seey jameen aur imaaraten) aur kewal chalati vastuon koo dikhaati hain. choonki radar vimaan kii agni niyantran pranali seey judaa huaa haye, isaliye yeh ack baar kissy chalati vastu kaa pataa lagaane key baad hathiyaron koo lakshit karane kii jaankaari pradaan curr sakata haye.
look-down/shoot-down radar ladaakoo vimaan koo unake neeche udane vaale lakshyon koo nishana banaane kii kshamata pradaan karate hain. yeh atyadhik vaanchhaniya haye, kyonki yeh ack vimaan koo uchch oonchaai dwara pradaan kii gaee ranneetik roop seey fayademand sthiti koo banaae rakhate hue lakshyon kaa pataa lagaane aur una parr hamla karane kii anumati detaa haye.
itihas.
huges aine/aeye. aiss. jee.-18 agni niyantran pranali sanyukt raajya vayu senaa key liye niyojit uttari americi aiks. aff.-108 rapier interceptor vimaan key liye ack prototype vaayujanit radar/sanyojan pranali thee, aur baad mein lockheed vaaee. aff.-12 key liye. america kaa pahala puls-doppler radar, system mein look-down/shoot-down kshamata thee aur ack samay mein ack lakshya koo track curr sakata thaa. ack sanshodhit conware bee-58 kaa upayog karke aine/aeye. aiss. jee.-18 pranali key udaan pareekshan 1960 mein shuru hue. 1960 key dashak key dauran, vaaee. aff.-12 udaan pareekshan kiye gaye, jisamen lakshya drone koo maar giraane key liye lakshya-47 misaailon key sanyojan mein vaaee. aff.-12 key onboard aine/aeye. aiss. jee.-18 radar pranali kaa upayog shamil thaa.
1967 mein chhah divasiya yuddh key dauran seekhe gaye sabak key parinamswarup, israel key vayu-bull parichaalan aavashyakta key jawab mein israel key vimaan udyog (aaee. aaee. aeye. aaee.) kii ack sahayak company elta limitted dwara ack look-down/shoot-down airbourne radar vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. elta ney ack ladaakoo vimaan mein halke vajan key susangat puls-doppler radar koo sthaapit karane kii vyavaharyata kaa beedaa uthaaya aur saabit kiya. pahala prototype 1970 mein safaltapurvak pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa. radar (elm-2001) koo israeli "kefir" ladaakoo parr sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa aur 1974 mein parichaalan mein aaya thaa.
vyaavhaarik puls-doppler sanket prasanskaran key liye uchch-shakti vaale halke vajan vaale thhos avastha sanganana kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein upalabdh hui. poori tarah seey apani radar pranali parr nirbhar karane vaalaa pahala vimaan aff-4 fantum haye. है। mein westinghouse aine/aeye. doubleu. jee-10 agni niyantran pranali thee thee koo look-down/shoot-down kshamata key saath duniya kaa pahala ladaakoo banaata haye).
soviyat sangh ney mikoyan mig-23 avarodhak parr parr key saath apana pahala look-down/shoot-down radar pesh kiya. isase aapke liye yeh mushkil hoe gayaa.aiss. vayu senaa key bamvarshak aur cruze misaailen soviyat havaai kshetra mein cumm oonchaai (bhoobhaag masking) parr pravesh karane key liye, binaa pataa lagaae.
1991 key faras kii khaadi yuddh key dauran gathbandhan havaai abhiyaanon kii baat karate hue, general charles horner ney aff-15 key neeche dekhane/radar koo neeche fenkane kaa varnan kiya, "yuddh key pahale teen dinon key dauran, jaba havaa parr niyantran key liye bahut sangharsh kiya gayaa thaa, tou yeh mool roop seey iraqi vimaan udaan bharata thaa, apane landing gear koo oopar kheenchata thaa, aur uda jaataa thaa."

