
kimberley, uttari cape

kimberley dakshin africa key uttari cape praant kii rajdhani aur sabse badaa shahar haye. yeh wall aur narangi nadiyon key sangam seey lagbhag 110 kimmy poorv mein sthit haye. apane heere key khanan key ateet aur dusare anglo-boer yuddh key dauran gherabandi key kaaran shahar kaa kaafee aitihaasik mahatva haye. british vyavasaayi cecil roads aur barney barnato ney kimberley mein apana bhaagya banaaya, aur roads ney khanan shahar key shuruati dinon mein dee bear diamond company kii sthaapana kii.
2 sitambar 1882 koo, kimberley dakshini golardh mein pahala shahar thaa aur sanyukt raajya america mein philadelphia, pensylvania key baad duniya mein doosara shahar thaa jisane apane buniyaadi dhaanche mein bijli kii street lights koo ekikrit kiya. africa mein pahala stock exchange kimberley mein 1881 mein banaaya gayaa thaa.
itihas.
heere kii khoj.
1866 mein, erasmus jacobs koo narangi nadee key tata parr ack chhota saa shandar kankad milaa, joe hoppettown key paas sthaaniya gricuas seey patte parr diye gaye khet "dee kalk" parr thaa, joe unake pitaa kaa khet thaa. unhone apane pitaa koo kankad dikhaaya, jinhone phir ise betch diyaa. kankad koo jacobs key pitaa seey shock vaine nickerk dwara kharida gayaa thaa, jinhone baad mein ise phir seey betch diyaa. yeh ack heera saabit huaa aur eureka key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. teen saal baad, 1869 mein, ack heera, jise dakshin africa key taare key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa, paas mein paaya gayaa. iss heere koo vaine nickerk ney 11,200 pound mein becha thaa, aur baad mein landan key bajar mein 25,000 pound mein phir seey becha gayaa.
heinry richard giddi ney bataaya kii kaise prospector fleetwood rostorn key "redd cap party" key rasoiye essou demoence (yaa demon) koo 1871 mein collesberg kopje parr heere mille, jaba unhein sajaa key roop mein khudai key liye bheja gayaa thaa. rostorn ney iss khabar koo dee bear bhaaiyon kii paas kii khudai taka leey jaaya-unake vahaan pahunchane seey prasiddh "naee bheed" bhadak uthee, jaisa kii itihaaskaar bryan roberts kahate hain, vyaavhaarik roop seey bhagdad thee. ack maheene key bheetar, 900 daavon koo pahaadi mein kaat diyaa gayaa, jinhen dou seey teen hazaar purushon dwara unmaadi roop seey kaam kiya gayaa thaa. jaise-jaise bhoomi koo neeche kiya gayaa, vaise-vaise pahaadi ack khadaan bunn gaee-samay key saath, vishva prasiddh kimberley khadaan.
cape coloney, transwall, orange free state aur grica leader nikola waterboar sabhi ney heere key kheton parr daavaa kiya. vishesh roop seey swatantra raajya key boer iss kshetra koo chaahte they, kyonki yeh narangi aur wall nadiyon dwara banaai gaee praakritik seemaon key ander sthit thaa. natal key rajyapal dwara kii gaee madhyasthata key baad, keat puraskar waterboar key paksh mein gayaa, jisane khud koo british sanrakshan key tahat rakhaa. natijatan, 27 octuber 1871 koo grequeland west key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa kshetra ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa.
jagah kaa naamkaranah woorootzigt seey laker kimberley taka.
aupaniveshik aayukt 17 navambar 1871 koo cape governor kii or seey kshetra parr adhikaar kaa prayog karane key liye naee bheed mein pahunche. khudai karane vaali apattiyon aur mamuli dangon key kaaran agale varsh sitambar mein governor barkley kii naee bheed key liye yatra hui, jaba unhone grickland west koo ack crown coloney ghoshit karane key bajaay ack yojana kaa khulasa kiya. richard sauthe janwari 1873 mein ichchit crown coloney key leftinent-governor key roop mein pahunche. halanki ghoshana yaa nae samvidhaan key vaade aur pratinidhi sarkaar key praavdhaan key binaa maheene beet gaye. deree landan mein hui thee jahan upaniveshon key liye raajya key sachiv, johnn woodhouse, kimberley key pratham earl ney jore dekar kahaa kii chunavi vibhajan koo paribhaashit karane seey pahale, sthaanon koo "sabhya aur samajhdaar naam" praapt karane they. unake swami ney kissy bhee tarah seey iss tarah key ashlilata key saath judane seey incar curr diyaa jaise kii naee bheed aur dutch naam, "wooruitzigt"... vaha naa tou vartani curr sakata thaa aur naa hii iska uchchaaran curr sakata thaa."yeh mamla sauthiyon koo diyaa gayaa jinhone ise apane aupaniveshik sachiv jey.bee. curry. roberts likhate hain kii "jaba naee bheed kaa naam badalane kii baat aaee, tou [curry] khud koo ack yogya rajanyik saabit kiya. unhone yeh sunishchit kiya kii lord kimberley mukhya chunavi vibhajan key naam koo 'apane swami key baad' kahakar vartani aur uchchaaran donon karane mein saksham honge."5 julaai 1873 kii ghoshana seey nayaa shore-sharabe kaa daur kimberley bunn gayaa." "diamond feeled" "akhbar key ack sampadakiya mein jaba kahaa gayaa kii" "humm naee bheed mein soney gaye aur kimberley mein jaag gaye, aur isaliye hamara sapana chalaa gayaa."
british sarkaar dwara apane pratispardhi bhoomi daavon key liye narangi mukt raajya koo muaavaje parr samjhaute key baad, 1877 mein grickland west koo cape coloney mein milaa diyaa gayaa thaa. cape pradhaan mantri johnn molteno koo shuru mein bhaari rinagrast kshetra koo jodane key baare mein gambhir sandeh thaa, lekin grih sarkaar key saath ack sauda karane aur iss prakriya mein sthaaniya aabaadi seey paramarsh karane kaa ashvasana praapt karane key baad, unhone 27 julaai 1877 koo grickland west annexation act paarit kiya.
badaa chhed aur anya khadaanen.
jaise hii khanik apane hajaaron mein pahunche, pahaadi gayab hoe gaee aur baad mein badey chhed (yaa africans mein "kimberley seey gutt") yaa, adhik aupchaarik roop seey, kimberley khadaan key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. 1871 key madhya seey 1914 taka 50,000 khanikon ney choone aur faavadon key saath chhed khoda, jisase 2,722 kilogram heere mille. badey chhed kii satah 463 meater chaudi haye. ise 240 meater kii gaharaai taka khoda gayaa thaa, lekin phir aanshik roop seey malabe seey bharkar isaki gaharaai koo lagbhag 215 meater taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa; taba seey yeh 175 meater dikhaai dene key baad 40 meater kii gaharaai taka paani jamaa curr chuka haye. satah key neeche, badey chhed key neeche kimberley khadaan koo 1097 meater kii gaharaai taka khanan kiya gayaa thaa. ack lokpriya sthaaniya mithak kaa daavaa haye kii yeh duniya kaa sabse badaa haath seey banaa chhed haye, halanki jazersfontein khadaan usa record koo rakhti prateet hoti haye. badaa chhed maee 2004 key prastutikaran kii pramukh visheshta haye jisane "kimberley khaanon aur sambandhit praarambhik udyogon" koo unesco kii vishva viraasat asthaayi soochiyon parr rakhaa.
1873 taka kimberley dakshin africa kaa doosara sabse badaa shahar thaa, jisaki anumaanit aabaadi 40,000 thee.
bear kii bhoomika aur prabhaav.
vibhinn chhoti khanan companiyon koo seasil roads aur charles ruds dwara dee bear mein aur kimberley koo barney barnato key tahat milaa diyaa gayaa thaa. 1888 mein, donon companiyon kaa vilay curr bear kii samekit khadaanen banaai gaeen, jinka kabhi duniya key heera bajar parr ekadhikar thaa.
bahut jaldi, kimberley kshetra kaa sabse badaa shahar bunn gayaa, aanshik roop seey poore mahadweep seey kshetra mein badey paimaane parr african pravaas key kaaran. apravasiyon koo khule haathon seey sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki dee bear company khadanon koo chalaane mein madad karane key liye saste shramikon kii talash mein thee. paise key liye shahar kii or kheencha gayaa ack anya samooh veshyaaen theen, joe vibhinn prakaar kii jaatiyataon seey theen joe salakhon aur sailoonon mein paaee jaa sakati theen. isaki aseem avsaron vaale shahar key roop mein prashansa kii gaee.
kimberlite pipe key baad prithvi mein paanch badey chhed khode gaye, jinka naam shahar key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye. kimberlite ack heera dhaaran karane vaali neeli jameen haye joe peele rung kii mitty key neeche baithati haye. sabse badee, kimberley khadaan yaa "badaa chhed", gaharaai taka pahunch gayaa aur teen tunn heere mille. khadaan koo 1914 mein bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jabaki 2005 mein teen chhed-deutoitspan, wesselton aur bultfont koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
doosara boer yuddh.
14 octuber 1899 koo, dusare boer yuddh kii shuruat mein kimberley koo gher liya gayaa thaa. gherabandi koo door karane kii koshish curr rahey british balon koo bhaari nuksan huaa. gherabandi kewal 15 farwari 1900 koo uthaayi gaee thee, lekin yuddh maee 1902 taka jaari rhaa. usa samay taka, angrejon ney mahilaaon aur bachchon koo rakhane key liye kimberley mein ack yaatana shivir kaa nirmaan curr liya thaa.
samamelan.
1912 mein kimberley shahar key roop mein kimberley aur beconsfield key alag seey prashaasit baro koo milaa diyaa gayaa.
rangbhed key tahat.
halanki shahari algaav kii ack badee degree pahale seey hii maujood thee, lekin kimberley shahar parr rangbhed key sabse mahatvapurna prabhaavon mein seey ack samooh kshetra adhiniyam kaa karyanvayan thaa. samudaayon koo europeeya (safed), deshi (kaalaa), rangeen aur bhaaratiya-abb kanuni roop seey mishrit vivaah adhiniyam key nishedh dwara alag kiye gaye vidhaayi nasleeya shreniyon key anusaar vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. vyaktigat parivaaron koo teen tarikon seey vibhajit kiya jaa sakata thaa ('pencil pareekshan' jaise kukhyaat upaayon key aadhar parr) aur mishrit samudaayon koo yaa tou poori tarah seey sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa (jaise kii malay shivir mein-haalaanki una manjuri rangbhed seey pahale shuru hui thee) yaa chuninda roop seey saaf curr diyaa gayaa thaa (jaise kii harey rung mein joe ack 'rangeen' samooh kshetra bunn gayaa, isake poorvavarti african aur anya nivaasiyon koo shahar key anya hisson mein hataa diyaa gayaa thaa). iss prakaar aavaasiya algaav koo ack prakriya mein lagu kiya gayaa thaa jisamen shahar key uttari aur uttar-purvi kinaaron parr nae township kaa nirmaan huaa thaa. samooh kshetra adhiniyam, bantu shiksha aur anya adhiniyamon seey buri tarah prabhaavit sansthanon mein church (jaise bean street methodist church) aur school (kuchh, jaise villium pascode aur persverence school, sthanantarit kiye gaye, jabaki gor braun (deshi) prashikshan school bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa) shamil they. anya kaanoonon ney african logon kii aavaajaahi koo pratibandhit curr diyaa aur kuchh saarvajanik sthaan alag-alag suvidhaon key aarakshan adhiniyam key sandarbh mein 'kewal europeeya' sanrakshit hoe gaye. deshi kaanoon sanshodhan adhiniyam ney nasleeya rekhaaon key saath church samudaayon koo alag karane kii maang kii-ack kaanoon jise dakshin africa mein sabhi anglican kii or seey 1957 mein archbishop clayton dwara khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa (jisake sandarbh mein rangbhed key iss pahalu koo kabhi bhee kimberley key sent cyprion cathedral jaise churchon mein poori tarah seey lagu naheen kiya gayaa thaa).
kimberley mein rangbhed key prati pratirodh koo avagya abhiyaan key hisse key roop mein 1952 key madhya mein shuru kiya gayaa thaa. dow. arther latel ney kimberley railway station parr 'kewal europeeya' bench parr kabja karke algaav kaanoonon kii avahelana karane key liye swayamsevakon key ack samooh koo ack saath rakhaa-jisake kaaran giraftari aur karawas huaa. baad mein varsh mein, 8 navambar 1952 koo kimberley mein meibue vidroh, bear holl mein parosi jaane vaali bear kii kharaab gunavatta key ird-gird ghoomata haye. inn jhadapon key parinamswarup 12 navambar 1952 koo kimberley key paschimi chhor key kabristan mein golibari aur saamoohik antim sanskar kiya gayaa. narsamhar key baad kathit roop seey 'ring-leaders' dow. letelle, saim faki, papis madibene, olehile sehume, alekjendar encoen, daniel chablala aur david empiva koo hirasat mein liya gayaa thaa. sent mait key church key archdecan vede ney baad kii jaanch mein ack gawah key roop mein, rangbhed kii neeti parr dosh lagaaya-jisamen kharaab awas, prakaash vyavastha aur saarvajanik parivahan, saath mein "adhure vaadon" key saath-joe unhone kahaa kii "una sthitiyon key baare mein laaya joe dangon kaa kaaran baneen."
kimberley mein sthit rangbhed virodhi kaaryakartaon kii ack baad kii peedhi mein fakamile mabija, bishap graham chadwick aur dou rangbhed key baad key praantiya pradhaan, maane dipico aur dipu peater shamil they.
rangbhed key khilaf sangharsh key anya pramukh vyaktiyon mein kimberley connection vaale robbert sobukwe, paine african congress key sansthaapak, jinhen 1969 mein robben dweep seey riha honey key baad kimberley mein nirvaasit (nazarband curr diyaa gayaa) kiya gayaa thaa, shamil hain. 1978 mein shahar mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
benny alekjendar (1955-2010), jinhone baad mein apana naam badalkar khoisan x curr liya, aur 1989 seey paine african congress aur paine-african andolan key mahasachiv they, kaa janm aur paalan-poshan kimberley mein huaa thaa. rangbhed yug mein rangeen rajneeti mein ack aur pramukh vyakti soney leone they.
rangbhed key baad.
uttari cape praant 1994 mein ack raajneetik tathya bunn gayaa, jisaki rajdhani kimberley thee. 1940 key dashak seey kuchh ardh-praantiya buniyaadi dhancha thaa, lekin 1994 key baad kii avadhi mein kimberley mein kaafee vikas huaa kyonki prashaasnik vibhagon kii sthaapana kii gaee thee aur nae praant key shasson key liye rakhaa gayaa thaa. ack uttari cape vidhaayika koo pahale vibhajit shahar koo jodane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa aur sthit kiya gayaa thaa. soul platze sthaaniya nagarpalika (neeche dekhein) key naam kii gaee kimberley shahar parishad kaa vistaar kiya gayaa thaa. shahar key liye ack nayaa coat off arms aur aadarsh vaakya shuru kiya gayaa thaa.
rangbhed key unmoolan key saath pahale kewal gorey hii they, jaise kii school sabhi key liye sulabh hoe gaye, jaisa kii pahale samooh kshetra adhiniyam dwara alag kiye gaye upnagaron mein huaa thaa. vyavhaar mein yeh prakriya una logon dwara oopar kii or gatishilata mein seey ack rahee haye joe adhik mahange vikalpon kaa wahan curr sakate they, jabaki abb taka adhikansh ashwet loga una kasbon mein rahate hain jahaan garibi kaa star adhik haye.
pramukh aavaasiya vikas, 'aar. dee. pee. awas' key saath, lagu kiye gaye-gunavatta key baare mein aalochana key binaa naheen. kimberley kii aabaadi mein vriddhi hui haye, shaharikaran koo aanshik roop seey pravaah niyantran adhiniyam key unmoolan seey badhaava diyaa jaa rhaa haye.
shahar mein platfontein kii basti bhee jodee gaee haye jaba yeh banaa!zuna aur khwe samudaay ney pahale smidsdript kaa thaa aur mool roop seey angola/namibia seey 1996 mein bhoomi kaa adhigrahan kiya thaa. adhikansh samudaay 2003 key anta taka nae shahar mein chaley gaye they.
1998 mein kimberley kii vyaapak shahari yojana kaa anuman thaa kii kimberley mein 210,800 loga they joe shahar mein rahane vaale 46,207 parivaaron kaa pratinidhitva karate they.
2008 taka anuman 250,000 nivaasiyon key kshetra mein they.
naam badalana.
seemavarti krishi naamon seey khudai shivir key naamon mein badalaav-kimberley aur beconsfield key shaharon key sthaapit naamon mein-joe 1912 mein vidhivat samaamelit hue-oopar ullikhit hain. shahar kii seemaon key bheetar kissy bhee poorv aupaniveshik basti key ekmatra nishan patthar yug kii kalakritiyon key bikhare hue hain aur pahali unnisvin shatabdi key krishi naamon key seema aavaran seey pahale iss sthaan/sthaanon koo kyaa kahaa gayaa hoga, iska koee record naheen haye. yeh poorv aupaniveshik kaal mein swana logon dwara kabja kiye gaye kshetron seey parey thaa. paas key wildbeast kuil jaise sthal unnisvin shatabdi key khou-saan itihas kii gawahi dete hain.
1994 key baad key yug mein kimberley shahar parishad kaa naam badalkar soul platze sthaaniya nagarpalika curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jaba kshetra kaa vistaar aspas key shaharon aur gaanvon koo shamil karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey richi. soul platze, pramukh lekhak aur karyakarta, apane jeevan kaa adhikansh samay kimberley mein rahey. isi tarah poorvavarti diamentweld jilaa parishad trade unionwadi, fraans bard key sandarbh mein fraans bard jilaa nagarpalika bunn gaee, joe greenpoint, kimberley mein paida huaa thaa.
hathiyaron key coat.
nagarpalika-kimberley baro council ney 1878 mein ack coat off arms grahan kiya. hathiyar disambar 1964 mein cape praantiya prashaasan key saath aur farwari 1968 mein heraldry beuro mein panjikrit they.
design union jack aur cape coloney key coat off arms key shulk kaa ack sanyojan thaa, jisamen heera-khanan udyog kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye ack lodgeng key saathah "azure, ack cross aur saltier superimposed gyul donon fimbriated argant, mukhya roop seey teen bezent yaa, pratyek mein ack fluor dee liss azure key saath charge kiya gayaa, aur aadhar mein teen annulate yaa; ack lausure yaa, faces point parr superimposed, ack shher key badey paimaane parr gyul. iska aadarsh vaakya "spero meleora" thaa. 1931 mein jaari kiye gaye sigaret card parr hathiyaron koo darshaaya gayaa thaa.
sambhaagiya parishad-kimberley sambhaagiya parishad, joe shahar key baahar graameen kshetron koo prashaasit karati thee, ney agast 1970 mein beuro mein apani shaakhaaen panjikrit keen.
hathiyar theh "prati lavan, mukhya roop seey, chhah argant aur azure key bairi lahardaar; aadhar mein, argant, teen fucil argant key saath charge kiya gayaa ack peela sable; dextor, gulls, ack faavada aur namak mein pick, neeche kii or sambhalata haye, yaa; bhayaavah, asculapius kaa ack karmchari, yaa. aam aadami key shabdon mein, dhaal koo dou vikarn rekhaaon dwara chaar mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, aur (1) lahardaar kinaaron key saath chhah chaandi aur neeli dhaariyon, (2) laal prishthabhoomi parr ack paar pick aur faavada, (3) asculapius kaa ack sunhara karmchari, aur (4) chaandi kii prishthabhoomi parr ack kaali urdhvaadhar patti parr teen chaandi key heere key aakar key dhad koo chitrit kiya gayaa thaa.
shikhar ack seedhi talwar key saamane dou cross rifles kaa thaa; samarthak dou kudu they; aur aadarsh vaakya "nitnir semper aid optima" thaa.
arthavyavastha.
kimberley unnisvin shatabdi key anta mein dakshin africa mein audyogikaran kaa praarambhik kendra thaa, jisane desh kii krishi arthavyavastha koo apane khanij dhana parr nirbhar ack aur arthavyavastha mein badal diyaa. naee aarthik vyavastha kii ack pramukh visheshta pravaasi shram thee, jisamen kimberley kii khaanon mein african shram kii maang (aur baad mein soney key kheton mein) poore upmahadweep seey shramikon kii badhati sankhya koo aakarshit karati thee. 1880 key dashak seey kimberley mein vikasit shram yaugik pranali koo baad mein soney kii khaanon aur anya jagahon parr dohraya gayaa.
shahar mein dakshin africa kaa pahala stock exchange, kimberley royal stock exchange thaa, joe 2 farwari 1881 koo khola gayaa thaa.
2 sitambar 1882 koo, kimberley dakshini golardh mein bijli seey chalane vaali sadak kii roshni sthaapit karane vaalaa pahala shahar bunn gayaa.
kimberley key badhate mahatva key kaaran 1892 mein kimberley mein sabse shuruati dakshin african aur antarrashtriya pradarshaniyon mein seey ack kaa manchan kiya gayaa. ise 8 sitambar koo cape off good hope key tatkalin governor surr heinry loach dwara khola gayaa thaa. isane kalaa key pradarshan, raani victoria key shaahi sangrah seey chitron kii pradarshani aur anya vastuon key beach khanan machinary aur upkaran prastut kiye. pradarshani ney antarrashtriya star parr kaafee ruchi paida kii, jisake parinamswarup pradarshan sthaan key liye pratispardha hui.
dakshin africa kaa pahala khaan vidyalaya 1896 mein yahaan khola gayaa thaa aur baad mein johannesburg mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, joe whitwatersand vishvavidyalaya kaa mool bunn gayaa. ack pretoria parisar baad mein pretoria vishvavidyalaya bunn gayaa. vaastav mein pahale dou saal cape town, grahmstowne yaa stellenbosch mein, kimberley mein teesare varsh aur johannesburg mein chauthe varsh mein colleges mein bhaag liya gayaa thaa. bhavanon kaa nirmaan 9,000 pound kii kull laagat key khilaf kiya gayaa thaa jisamen bear kaa yogdan pound key liye ack pound thaa.
parivahan.
vimanan.
dakshin africa kaa pahala vimanan school, prastaavit dakshin african vimanan core (aiss. aeye. aeye. see.) key liye pilots koo prashikshit karane key liye, 1913 mein kimberley mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. jise "patterson key vimanan syndicate school off flying" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, yeh vimanan sangrahalaya key agraduton mein yaad kiya jaataa haye (aur vahaan sanrakshit pahale compton patterson biplane kii pratikriti), kimberley havaai adde key paas sthit haye. 1930 key dashak mein kimberley ney africa mahadweep parr sabse achchi raat-landing suvidhaon kaa daavaa kiya. 1934 mein vahaan ack badee havaai raili kaa ayojan kiya gayaa thaa. yuddh key varshon mein kimberley havaai adde koo sangh raksha bull dwara kamaan dee gaee thee aur ladaakoo pilots key prashikshan key liye 21 flying school dwara chalaaya jaataa thaa.
aaj kimberley havaai adda cape town aur johannesburg seey niyamit nirdhaarit udaanon key saath kshetra kii seva kartaa haye.
railway.
cape coloney kii tatrekha key saath shaharon koo rail dwara kimberley seey jodane kaa kaam 1872 mein cape sarkari railway key prabandhan key tahat shuru huaa. cape town seey kimberley taka railway line 1885 mein poori hui thee, jisase yaatriyon aur vastuon donon key parivahan mein teji aaee thee. railway ney kimberley koo anaaj aur anya utpaadon key saste sroton key saath-saath koyale kii aapoorti seey jodaa, taaki iska ack sthaaniya prabhaav kimberley key bheetari ilaakon mein taaja upaj aur jalaau lakadi mein cumm katauti (mukhya roop seey african) vyaapaar karna thaa. railway itihas kaa ack aur futnote 1918 mein spanish influenzae mahamari key praarambhik teji seey prasaar mein isaki bhoomika haye.
railway jaalbandh antatah kimberley koo port elizabeth, johannesburg, durban aur blamfontein key saath jodd dega. kaaru mein dee aar mein pramukh junction beesavin shatabdi kii shuruat mein uppington (baad mein namibia) aur calvinia seey judaa huaa thaa. 1990 key dashak seey railway key upayog mein girawat aaee thee.
aaj kimberley seey aaney aur jaane vaali yatri train sevaaen spornets key shosholoza myle dwara pradaan kii jaati hain, joe dakshin mein cape town aur port elizabeth aur uttar mein johannesburg seey judati hain. mukhya uttar-dakshin line parr neeli train aur rovos rail dwara lakjari railway anubhav pradaan kiye jaate hain. kimberley kaa kendriya railway station kimberley railway station haye.
sadaken.
vaigan aur coach maarg teji seey vikasit kiye gaye kyonki heere key kheton key liye bheed ney gati pakadi. dou pramukh maarg cape seey aur port elizabeth seey they, joe usa samay nikatatam samudri bandargah thaa. 1870 key dashak key samkaaleen vivaran kuchh sadakon kii bhayaavah sthiti kaa varnan karate hain aur pulon kii anupasthiti kaa varnan karate hain. 1880 key dashak key madhya seey kimberley aur mafeking (abb mahikeng) key madhyam seey maarg british aupaniveshik pravesh kaa mukhya aksh bunn gayaa aur yeh kimberley seey thaa, usa maarg key saath, kimodesia kii basti key liye agrani stambh 1890 mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, aaj, uttar kii or kendriya dhamani maarg, cape seey johannesburg taka aine1, bloemfontein seey hocker jaataa haye, kimberley seey naheen.
kimberley aine12 aur aine8 rashtriya sadakon key chauraahe parr sthit haye.
aaj.
aaj, kimberley uttari cape aur praantiya prashaasan key liye praantiya vidhanmandal kii seat haye. yeh kshetra key khanan aur krishi kshetron kii seva kartaa haye.
paryatan.
shahar khud koo ack mahatvapurna paryatan sthal key roop mein pesh kartaa haye, 'shahar joe chamakata haye', sangrahalayon aur agantuk akarshanon kii vividhata kaa daavaa kartaa haye. yeh mokala rashtriya udyaan, prakriti bhandar aur kaee khel farm yaa shikaar lodge key saath-saath kshetra key aitihaasik sthalon sahit anya uttari cape gantavyon kaa pravesh dwaar bhee haye.
sammelan-ayojan.
kimberley ney mahatvapurna baithakon aur sammelanon kii mejbani kii haye, ack pramukh sthal, mittah seperepere sammelan kendra aur anya sammelan ayojan suvidhaon kaa vikas kiya haye. haal key samarohon mein kimberley prakriya kii sthaapana baithak (2000) aur 2013 mein iss sangathan kii ack anuvarti baithak aur satat vikas parr antarrashtriya swadeshi logon kaa shikhar sammelan (2002) shamil haye.
jalavaayu aur bhugol.
jalavaayu.
coppen pranali key tahat kimberley mein shushk sardiyon key kaaran ardh-shushk jalavaayu (bee. aiss. key.) haye. garmiyaan lambi, geeli aur lambe samay taka chalane vaali hoti hain. sardiyaan chhoti, halki aur thhandi raaton key saath sookhi hoti hain.
paani.
kimberley kaa paani shahar key lagbhag 15 kimmy uttar mein riverton mein wall nadee seey pump kiya jaataa haye.
jansankhyiki.
2011 kii janganana key anusaar, kimberley kii "uchit" aabaadi 96,977 thee, jabaki basti key galesheve aur rudepan kii aabaadi kramshah 107,920 aur 20,263 thee. isase shahari kshetra kii kull jansankhya 225,160 hoe jaati haye. iss aabaadi mein seey, 63.1% ney khud koo "kaalaa african", 26.8% "rangeen", 8.0% "safed" aur 1.2% "bhaaratiya yaa asiai" key roop mein pahachaana. 43.2 pratishat aabaadi apani pahali bhasha key roop mein africans bolati thee, 35.8% setswana bolati thee, 8.7% angreji bolati thee, 6.0% isixosa bolati thee aur 2.7% sesotho bolati thee.
paridrishya, shahari aur graameen.
kimberley apekshaakrit sapaat paridrishya mein sthaapit haye jisamen shahari seemaon key bheetar koee pramukh sthalaakritik visheshtaen naheen hain. ekmatra "pahaadiyaan" heere key khanan kii ack sadee seey adhik samay seey utpann malabe key dher hain. 1990 key dashak seey inhen punarnaveenikaran kiya jaa rhaa thaa aur bear khadaan mein vaapas daala jaa rhaa thaa (2010 taka ise satah key kuchh dasiyon meater key bheetar bhar diyaa gayaa thaa). badey chhed key aspas key kuchh khadanon koo viraasat visheshtaon key roop mein ghoshit kiya gayaa haye aur kimberley key aitihaasik audyogik paridrishya key hisse key roop mein sanrakshit kiya jaanaa haye.
aspas key graameen paridrishya, shahar key kissy bhee hisse seey kuchh minut kii doori parr, pahaadiyon key saath apekshaakrit sapaat maidanon seey banaa haye, mukhya roop seey uttar aur uttar paschim mein basement chattan (endesite), yaa dakshin aur poorv mein kaaru yug dolerite. maidani ilaakon mein uthale paine baney.
kimberley kii prasiddh visheshtaon mein seey ack haye comphors baandh, joe shahar key uttar mein ack badaa paine haye, joe cumm flamingo kii prajanan coloney kaa samarthan karane vaali ack mahatvapurna ardrabhoomi haye. iss kshetra mein sanrakshan pahal kaa uddeshya shahar key logon koo isake vanyajeevon key sampark mein laana haye. 2012 mein badhate jall star ney flamingo prajanan koo badhaane key liye banaae gaye kritrim dweep mein baadh laa dee, jabaki disambar 2013 mein avian botulism bacteria key sthaaniya prakop key parinamswarup saikadon pakshiyon kii maut hoe gaee. taba seey dweep phir seey ubhara haye.
sthaaniya aur praantiya sarkaar.
grickwelland paschim kii crown coloney (1873 seey) kaa prashaasan kimberley mein sarkari imaraton seey 1880 mein coloney key cape mein vilay taka sanchaalit kiya gayaa thaa. sthaaniya sarkaar key star parr, 1912 mein kimberley shahar key roop mein unake vilay key samay taka kimberley aur beconsfield mein alag-alag baro parishaden sanchaalit theen. isake baad ack ekal shahar parishad shahar key mamalon koo niyantrit karati thee, jabaki ack mandal parishad aspas key graameen jile koo prashaasit karati thee. 1980 key dashak mein, rangbhed key antim dinon mein, ack alag raajneetik ikai jise galesheve (mankurwane key saath) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa, apani parishad key saath astitva mein laaee gaee thee.
1994 key baad kimberley shahar parishad soul platze sthaaniya nagarpalika bunn gaee, jabaki joe diamondweld kshetriya seva parishad bunn gaee thee, uska uttaradhikari fraans bard jilaa nagarpalika thee.
uttari cape koo ack alag bhaugolik ikai key roop mein sthaapit karane kaa vichaar 1940 key dashak seey haye, lekin yeh kewal 1994 mein ack raajneetik aur prashaasnik tathya bunn gayaa, jisamen kimberley aupchaarik roop seey nae praant kii vidhaayi rajdhani bunn gaee. praantiya vidhaayika ney shuru mein nagrik kendra mein puraane cape praantiya prashaasan bhawan parr kabja curr liya thaa, isase pahale kii jaanboojhkar ack basti aur poorvavarti safed upnagaron key beach sthit ack uddeshya-nirmit vidhaayika mein sthanantarit kiya gayaa thaa. kimberley dakshin africa key uchch nyayalaya key uttari cape division kii seat bhee haye, joe praant parr adhikaar kshetra kaa prayog kartaa haye.
shiksha.
kimberley key samajik aur aarthik jeevan mein shiksha ack pramukh kshetra haye.
tritiyak shiksha.
soul platze vishvavidyalaya.
soul platze vishvavidyalaya 2014 mein kimberley mein khola gayaa, jisamen 135 chhatron key mamuli praarambhik pravesh koo samaayojit kiya gayaa. vishvavidyalaya key naam kii ghoshana karate hue, poorv rashtrapati jacob juma ney dakshin africa mein shaikshanik aalaa kshetron key vikas kaa ullekh kiya joe kaheen aur maujood naheen they, yaa jinka pratinidhitva cumm thaa. "juma ney kahaa, "kimberley aur samanya roop seey uttari cape kii samriddh viraasat koo dekhate hue, yeh parikalpana kii gaee haye kii soul platze sangrahalaya prabandhan, puraatatva, swadeshi bhaashaon aur punarsthapana vastukala jaise paraspar judey shaikshanik kshetron sahit viraasat adhyayan mein visheshagyata praapt karega."
nishkriya tritiyak sansthaan.
tritiyak shiksha sansthaan abb astitva mein naheen hain (yaa uparokt sangathanaatmak vinyason mein avashoshit):
samaaj aur sanskriti.
dharm.
kimberley, apane shuruati dinon seey, vividh dharmon key logon koo aakarshit kartaa thaa joe abhee bhee shahar mein vishvaas samudaayon kaa abhyaas karane seey parilakshit hotey hain. pramukh roop seey yeye isai dharm, islam, yahudi dharm, hindu dharm key saath-saath anya dharmon key vibhinn sampradaay hain. paaramparik african vishvaas zionist isai church (jaid. see. see.) mein ack tatva key roop mein jaari hain. kimberley kimberley aur kuruman key anglican diosis kii seat haye aur kimberley key roman catholic diosis kii bhee seat haye-joe pahale narangi mein kimberley key apostolic vicariot they. shahar mein churchon vaale anya sampradayon mein paddhativaadi church, presbyterian church, mandali church, dutch reform church (africansah nederduits gerephormere kerk), baptist church, africans baptist church (africansah africans baptist kerk), apostolics, pentecostalist shamil hain. dakshin africa mein saatven dinn kaa advenst church pahali baar kimberley mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
kalaa, sangeet, film aur saahitya.
kimberley key ullekhaniya kalakaron mein villium timlin aur walter westbrook shamil hain, jabaki kimberley key chitran key liye jaane jaane vaale ack kalakar phillip bavcomb they.
shahar key lekhakon yaa majboot kimberley link key saath dyne everbuck, benjamin bennet, laurence green, dorian harhoff, danne jacobson, ee pee lekhela, jaid shamil hain.key. mattheuse, saaraa gertrude millin, soul platze, frank templeton prince, olive shreen, aeye.aich.aim. scholtz.
kimberley key ack ullekhaniya rege aur ridam aind blues sangeetkaar dow. victor hain.
sangrahalaya, smaarak aur smaarak.
smarakon mein shamil hainh
media.
samachar patra.
yahaan kaa sabse pahala samachar patra "diamond feeled" thaa, joe shuru mein 15 octuber 1870 koo paneel mein prakaashit huaa thaa. "diamond news" aur "independent" key saath anya praarambhik samachar patra. diamond fields vigyapandata" kimberley kaa vartamaan dainik samachar patra haye, joe 23 march 1878 seey prakaashit hoe rhaa haye.
nordcop" naamak ack muft sthaaniya poorak key saath wolksblad, africans bhashi pathakon dwara padhaa jaataa haye.
radio.
1990 key dashak mein dou samudayik radio stations kii sthaapana kii gaee theeh
khel.
cricket.
kimberley ney kaee antarrashtriya khilaadiyon kii aapoorti karke cricket key itihas mein bahut yogdan diyaa haye. vahaan frank (nipper) nicolson, zenophone balascas kaa janm kimberley mein yunani maataa-pitaa aur caine viljoen, rony draper aur haal key dinon mein pait symcox aur protease coach miki arther key ghar huaa thaa.
kimberley ney 2003 key aaee. see. see. cricket vishva cup key ack match kii mejbani kii. lc mcdonald ack springbock gendbaaz they.
ragbi.
frank dobin, jinhen ankal dobin key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye, aaee. dee. 1 mein british dweepon key daure mein paul roose key mool springbox key sadasya they. unaki smriti roper street mein unake puraane aupaniveshik shally key ghar mein rahati haye, jiss parr 'dobin' naam kii ack sadharan peetal kii pattika haye. baad mein harey aur soney key pahanane key liye springbock mein ammosal-adharit springboke fly haaf peat visaagi key bhaai, iaan kirkpatrick, tommy bedford aur gaavi visaagi shamil they.
kimberley grickwass ragbi team kaa ghar haye, jisane 1899,1911 aur 1970 mein teen baar curry cup jeetaa haye. kimberley key poorv meyer rony bosser 1950-1971 key liye grickwass ragbi mein shamil they.
football.
dakshin african footballer richard heneken kimberley seey hain, unake chhote bhaai joseph golden ero key liye khelate they. jimmi taau kimberley seey haye.
tairna.
kimberley mein paida hue curran muir 1965 mein kissy bhee khel mein vishva record todane vaale sabse cumm umr key vyakti baney. yeh ayu varg kaa record aaj taka banaa huaa haye. unhone 12 saal kii umr mein blackpool, ingland mein junier vishva champion key roop mein agast 1965 mein ise sthaapit kiya. unhone kaee aur vishva record toda diye, lekin jaba unhone mexico shahar mein 1968 key olympic khelon mein apane desh kaa pratinidhitva karane kaa avsar khou diyaa tou unhein vishva tairaki mein bhoomika seey vanchit curr diyaa gayaa kyonki dakshin africa koo isaki nasleeya rangbhed neetiyon key kaaran baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa. kimberley ney nagarpalika pool mein ack vishva record bhee todaa, joe abb curran muir key naam parr haye. yeh johannesburg kii annie fairley thee jisane vishva record todane vaale samay mein curran muir aur fraans keekki carron koo haraaya thaa.
dakshin africa key paralympic tairak charl bower, jinhone landan mein 2012 grishmakaaleen paralympic mein 50 meater freestyle mein swarn padak jeetaa thaa, kaa janm kimberley mein huaa thaa.
athletics.
bevil rudd, olympic padak vijeta.
skateboarding.
pahali mailoof munny cup vishva skateboarding championship sitambar 2011 mein kimberley mein aayojit kii gaee thee aur phir 2012 mein. jaba 2013 mein mailoof parivaar kaa prayojan samaapt huaa tou yeh karyakram kimberley diamond cup key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa.
uddharan.
"kimberley kaa dakshini africa key itihas parr gahara prabhaav padaa haye. ack sadee seey bhee pahale vahaan heere kii khoj, dakshin africa key krishi seey ack audyogik desh mein parivartan kii disha mein pahala kadam saabit hui. jaba baad mein uttar mein sonaa aur anya khanijon kii khoj kii gaee, tou nae sansadhanon koo vikasit karane key liye poonji aur praudyogiki key saath pahale seey hii doordarshita aur udyam key kimberley purush they."-aich.aff. oppenheimer, 1976. bryan roberts kii pustak, "kimberley, ashant shahar" kii prastaavana.
anthany trollop ney 1877 mein kimberley kaa daura kiya aur garmi, uttejak aur ghrinit roop seey badnam hoe gayaa, jabaki shuruati khanan shahar kii dhool aur makkhiyon ney usey lagbhag pagal curr diyaah
"mujhe kabhi-kabhi lagata thaa kii kimberley key logon koo apani makkhiyon aur apani dhool parr garv haye."
shahar key paridrishya key baare mein, joe badey paimaane parr suraj kii sookhi eenton seey banaa haye, aur plank aur canvas aur tata seey bail-vaigan dwara laaee gaee nalidar lohe kii chadaron seey banaa haye, unhone tippani keeh
"kimberley mein jameen key oopar ack manjila key saath dou imaaraten hain, aur inmein seey ack varg mein haih yeh isaki ekmatra bhavyata haye. koee footpath naheen haye. sadak parr saaree dhool aur chhed hain. beach mein ack bajar haye joe nishchit roop seey shandar naheen haye. aspas praavdhaanon mein sadharan vikretaon kii nalidar lohe kii dukaanen hain. ack badbudar jagah jisaki mujhe kalpana karna naheen haye."
aeye.aich.jey. kimberley ladakon key uchch vidyalaya key poorv pradhanadhyapak borne 1937 mein shahar laut aae, yeh dekhate hue kih "kimberley kaa itihas kissy bhee ajnabi key liye ullekhaniya prateet hoga joe yeh sochane mein whiffle naheen hoe sakata thaa kii kuchh supermind apane bhaagya key peechhe thaa. itane cumm samay mein yeh nange weld seey badh gayaa haye."
1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein lekhak danne jacobson kimberley laut aae, jahan way 1930 key dashak mein badey hue they, jisase yeh pataa chalata thaa kii cheejen kaise badal gaee theenh
"jinn logon koo main jaanata thaa way gayab hoe gaye they; unaki bhasha bhee gayab hoe gaee thee. isane merrie bhoot jaisi sthiti mein yogdan diyaa. merey shuruati varshon mein kimberley key gorey kewal angreji bolate they; africans cape rangeen logon kii jeebh thee... abb mujhe jahan bhee main jaataa thaa vahaan safed, kaale aur rangon seey sambodhit kiya jaataa thaa.
kimberley sust? - "aabhaasi paryatak" sameekshak catherine rechard seey poochha gayaah "khushi seey, jawab ack shandar 'naheen' haye, basharte kii aapako itihas key liye ack junoon hoe-iss mamle mein kimberley key paas yeh kudale mein haye, aur aapako shayed ratonrat isake aakarshan aur aakarshan kii poori tarah seey sarahana karane kii aavashyakta hogi. kaee mayanon mein, kimberley aur isaki viraasat kii khoj karna sookshm jagat mein dakshin african itihas kaa anubhav karane jaisa haye."

