laama (genus)

laama ack vansh haye jisamen chaar dakshin americi oont, jangli guanaco aur vikuna, aur paltu laama aur alpaka hain. america kii spanish vijay seey pahale, laama aur alpaka mahadweep key ekmatra gharelu guchhe they. unhein naa kewal bojh key jaanvaron key roop mein unake moolya key liye rakhaa gayaa thaa, balki unake maans, khaal aur oona key liye bhee rakhaa gayaa thaa.
vargeekaran.
haalaanki praarambhik lekhakon dwara aksar unaki tulanaa bhed seey kii jaati thee, lekin oont key prati unaki aatmiyata jald hii mahsoos kii gaee. unhein linius key "system naichuri" mein "camellus" vansh mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. 1800 mein, couvier ney laama, alpaka aur guanaco koo "laama" vansh mein aur vikuna koo "vikugana" vansh mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. baad mein, alpaka koo "vikugna" mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa; donon koo antatah 2021 mein standhaariyon key americi samaaj dwara "laama" mein vaapas curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeye oont, sachche oonton kii dou prajaatiyon key saath hain, joe arteodactilla (summ-pair vaale ungulate) key ack alag khand key ekmatra maujooda pratinidhi hain, jinhen tylopoda kahaa jaataa haye, yaa "koobad-pair", unake pairon key talavon parr vishisht dhakkon seey. iss khand mein ack hii parivaar, camelidae, usee mahaan vibhajan key anya khand hain suina yaa suar, tragulina yaa chevroten, aur pekora yaa sachche ruminant, jinamen seey pratyek key liye tylopoda kaa kuchh sambandh haye, kuchh mamalon mein unake beach ack kendriya sthiti mein khadaa haye, pratyek seey kuchh paatron koo saajha kartaa haye, lekin kissy anya mein naheen paae jaane vaale vishesh sanshodhanon koo darshaata haye.
19veen shatabdi key jeevaashm vigyaani leady, tapp aur marsh seey shuru honey vaale jeevaashm aur neogene kaal key americi mahadweep key vilupt jeevon kii khoj ney iss parivaar key praarambhik itihas kaa khulasa kiya haye. laama hamesha dakshin america taka hii seemit naheen they; unake avashesh chattani parvat kshetra key pleastocene bhandar mein aur madhya america mein prachur matra mein hain; inmein seey kuchh vilupt roop abb kissy bhee jeevit vyakti kii tulanaa mein bahut badey they.
inmein seey koee bhee sankramankalin roop puraane vishva star mein naheen paaya gayaa haye; uttari america camelidae parivaar kaa mool ghar thaa. aadhunik oonton key poorvaj lagbhag 7 million saal pahale eurasia aur africa mein beringia koo paar curr gaye they, aur aadhunik laama key poorvaj lagbhag 30 laakh saal pahale panama key istamas key madhyam seey dakshin america mein pravesh kiya thaa, mahaan americi adaan-pradaan key hisse key roop mein. purani duniya key oonton koo dheere-dheere asia aur africa key kshetron mein dakshin kii or dhakel diyaa gayaa thaa, shayed jalavaayu parivartanon seey, aur alag-thalag honey key baad, way aur vishesh sanshodhanon seey gujare hain. iss beach, pelio-indiance dwara america key logon key aaney aur megafauna key vilupt honey key baad naee duniya key laama dakshin america taka hii seemit hoe gaye.
ack sambhaavit vividhata huke yaa chillyhook haye joe poorv-hyspanic aur praarambhik aupaniveshik samay mein madhya aur dakshin-madhya chilly mein maujood thee. dakshin americi oonton key beach unaki sthiti parr dou mukhya parikalpanaaen dee gaee hainh pahala sujhaav haye kii way sthaaniya roop seey paltu guanaco hain aur doosara sujhaav detaa haye kii way uttar seey dakshin-madhya chilly mein laae gaye vibhinn prakaar key laama hain. 16veen yaa 17veen shatabdi mein chillyhook vilupt hoe gaye, jinhen europeeya pashudhan dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. isake vilupt honey key kaaran agyaat hain. juan ignacio molina key anusaar, dutch kaptan joris vaine spielbergen ney 1614 mein joaa dweep key mool maanchitron dwara hull key jaanvaron key roop mein mirch key upayog kaa avalokan kiya.
visheshataaen.
yeye paatr vishesh roop seey laamaon parr lagu hotey hain. vayaskon kaa dentitionh-insiger 1/3 canine 1/1, premolar 2/2, daadh 3/2; kull 32. oopari jabade mein premaxila key avarodhak kinare key paas ack sampeedit, tej, nukila lanierform insiger hotaa haye, jisake baad purush mein cumm seey cumm maxilla key agra bhaag mein ack madhyam aakar, nukila, ghumaavdaar sahee canine hotaa haye. oonton mein alag-thalag kutte jaisa poorvadhruv maujood naheen hotaa haye. daadh shrinkhala key daant joe ack dusare key sampark mein hotey hain, unamen dou bahut chhote poorv-daadh (pahala lagbhag praathamik) aur teen chaude daadh hotey hain, joe aam taur parr oont kii tarah banaae jaate hain. nichale jabade mein, teen chhed lambe, thookate hue aur procambent hotey hain; baahari sabse chhote hotey hain. inke buggle mein ack ghumaavdaar, suberact canine haye, jisake baad ack alag minut key antaral key baad aur aksar parnapaati saral shanku purvadhruviya; phir ack purvadhruviya aur teen daadh kii ack sannihit shrinkhala, joe poorvavarti baahari kinare parr ack chhote seey sahayak stambh mein "oont" seey alag hoti haye.
khopadi aam taur parr "oonta" jaisi dikhati haye, apekshaakrit badee mastishk guha aur kakshaaen aur cumm vikasit kapaal kii katakiyan isake chhote aakar key kaaran hoti hain. naak kii haddiyaan chhoti aur chaudi hoti hain, aur premaxila seey juda jaati hain.
kasherukaah
kaana kaafee lambe aur nukile hotey hain. koee prishthiya koobad maujood naheen haye. pair sankeern hotey hain, pair kii ungaliyon kii tulanaa mein pair kii ungaliyan adhik alag hoti hain, pratyek mein ack alag paadap paid hotaa haye. poonchh chhoti hoti haye, aur farr lamba aur oonee hotaa haye.
laama aur alpaka kewal gharelu raajya mein jaane jaate hain, aur aakar aur rung mein parivartansheel hotey hain, aksar safed, kaalaa yaa peabled hotey hain. jangli guanaco aur vikuna lagbhag ack samaan halke-bhoore rung key hotey hain, joe neeche safed rung mein jaate hain. vikuna aur guanaco ack spasht parivarik samaantaa saajha karate hain aur doori parr alag karna mushkil hoe sakata haye. vikuna apane anupaat mein chhota aur patala hotaa haye, aur iska sir guanaco seey chhota hotaa haye.
guanaco mein ack vyaapak bhaugolik seema haye, joe aquador aur peru key andean kshetra kii oonchi bhoomi seey laker petagonia key khule maidanon taka haye, aur yahaan taka kii tiera dell fugo key jangli dweepon taka haye. yeh petagonian bhaartiyon kaa pramukh bhojan thaa, aur way isaki twacha kaa upayog usa samagri key liye karate hain jisase unake lambe vastra banaae jaate hain. yeh ack europeeya laal hiran key aakar key baare mein haye, aur ack lamba, patala, sunder ghumaavdaar gardan aur patale pairon vaalaa ack suruchipurna janwar haye. poore paschimi andes mein vikuna renz haye.

