
1958-1959 kaa berlin sankat

1958-1959 kaa berlin sankat sheet yuddh key dauran paschimi berlin kii sthiti koo laker ack sankat thaa. yeh soviyat netaa nikita khrushchev dwara paschim germany mein sthit americi paramanu hathiyaron key khilaf kadee pratikriya dene aur purvi germany key soviyat upgrah raajya kii pratishtha kaa nirmaan karane key prayason key parinamswarup huaa. americi rashtrapati dwite dee. eisenhower ney naato virodh koo sangathit kiya. unhein german chansler konrad adenoire kaa purjor samarthan praapt thaa, lekin grate britten anichha seey saath chalaa gayaa. kabhi koee sainya kaarravaai naheen hui. iska parinam berlin mein yathaasthiti kii nirantarta aur eisenhower aur khrushchev dwara datente kii or ack kadam thaa. berlin samasya gayab naheen hui thee, aur 1961 mein berlin kii deewaar key nirmaan koo laker ack badey sangharsh mein badal gaee thee. 1961 kaa berlin sankat dekhein.
prishthabhoomi.
purvi berlin key madhyam seey pravaas.
1945 aur 1950 key beach, 15 laakh seey adhik loga soviyat-adhikrit purvi europeeya deshon seey paschim mein chaley gaye. poorv seey paschim germany mein pravesh apekshaakrit aasaan thaa. paschimi germany mein raajneetik sharan key liye aavedan karane vaale purvi europeeya (jyaadaatar german) kii sankhya 1950 mein 197,000,1951 mein 165,000,1952 mein 182,000 aur 1953 mein 331,000 thee. vishesh roop seey buddhijiviyon, engineeron aur atyadhik kushal shramikon key beach palayan adhik thaa. drain craimlin key liye asahaniya hoe gayaa, jisane 1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein apane upgrahon parr pravaas pratibandh kii pranali lagu curr dee. 1953 mein dou german raajyon key beach aantarik german seema koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1955 mein, craimlin ney berlin mein nagrik pahunch parr niyantran purvi germany mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, aadhikarik taur parr vahaan key mamalon kii pratyaksh jimmedaari koo tyag diyaa, iss prakaar niyantran paschimi shaktiyon dwara maanyata praapt sarkaar koo paarit curr diyaa gayaa joe paschim berlin, sanyukt raajya america, britten aur france mein samprabhuta rakhti thee. abhee bhee bahut saare agantuk they joe kabhi naheen laute, isaliye purvi german sarkaar ney 1956 mein paschim aur poorv key beach sabhi yaatraon koo roque diyaa.
1952 mein aantarik german seema key aadhikarik roop seey bund honey key bavjood, berlin mein seema baaki seema kii tulanaa mein kaafee adhik sulabh rahee kyonki yeh sabhi chaar kabje vaali shaktiyon dwara prashaasit thee. tadnusar, berlin mukhya maarg bunn gayaa jisake dwara purvi german paschim key liye ravaana hue. berlin kshetra kii seema anivarya roop seey ack "khaamiyan" thee jisake madhyam seey purvi gutt key nagrik abhee bhee butch sakate they. 1961 taka bhaag nikale laakhon purvi germans ney poori purvi german aabaadi kaa paanchvaan hissa banaaya. peshevaron-engineeron, technicians, chikitsakon, shikshakon, vakeelon aur kushal shramikon key beach nuksan asman roop seey bhaari thaa. peshevaron kaa "mastishk pravaah" purvi germany kii raajneetik vishvasaniyata aur aarthik vyavaharyata key liye itna hanikarak hoe gayaa thaa kii iss kamee koo bund karna aur soviyat-adhiropit poorv-paschim-berlin seema koo surakshit karna anivarya thaa.
1958 berlin ultimatum.
1958 kii shuruat mein soviyat premiere nikita khrushchev ney antatah communist party key netaa aur craimlin mein pradhaan mantri key roop mein poorna shakti praapt kii. sputnik pariyojana kii vishvavyaapi safalata seey utsaahit hocker, vaha soviyat sainya shreshthata key prati atee-vishvaas rakhate they. vaha naraj thaa kii yuu.aiss. paschim germany mein americi thikaanon parr paramanu misaailon kaa pataa lagaa rhaa thaa aur usa khatare koo ulatane key liye saudebaji kaa laabh uthaana chaahata thaa. haalaanki aalochak unaki laparwahi kii pravritti key baare mein chintit they, unhone nirnaayak karyon kii ghoshana karane kaa faisala kiya joe antatah german sthiti koo hull curr denge.
khrushchev ney purvi german kshetra key bheetar ack vibhajit germany aur paschim berlin key antahkshetra kii samasya kaa sthaayi samadhan khojane kii maang kii. navambar 1958 mein, west berlin koo "ghaatak tumour" kahate hue, unhone sanyukt raajya america, united kingdam aur france koo german raajyon aur soviyat sangh donon key saath shaanti sandhi karane key liye chhah maheene kaa samay diyaa. yadi kissy parr hastakshar naheen kiye gaye, tou krushev ney kahaa, soviyat sangh purvi germany key saath ack shaanti sandhi kaa samaapan karega. yeh purvi germany koo chhod dega, joe paschimi shaktiyon koo berlin taka pahunch dene vaali sandhiyon kaa paksh naheen thaa, shahar key maargon key niyantran mein. iss ultimatum key kaaran paschimi sahyogiyon key beach asahamati paida hui, joe iss mudde parr yuddh mein jaane key liye anichhuk they. halanki, khrushchev ney baar-baar samay seema badhaa dee.
navambar 1958 mein, khrushchev ney paschimi shaktiyon koo chhah maheene key bheetar berlin seey hatane aur ise ack swatantra, asainyikrit shahar banaane key liye ack ultimatum jaari kiya. khrushchev ney ghoshana kii kii usa avadhi key anta mein, soviyat sangh paschim berlin seey poorv germany key saath sanchaar kii sabhi lines parr niyantran curr legaa, jiska arth haye kii paschimi shaktiyon koo paschim berlin taka tabhi pahunch hogi jaba poorv germany ney isaki anumati dee hogi. isake jawab mein, sanyukt raajya america, united kingdam aur france ney spasht roop seey paschim berlin mein rahane aur vahaan taka muft pahunch key apane kanuni adhikaar koo banaae rakhane key liye apane dridh sankalp koo vyakt kiya.
badhate tanaav key saath, sanyukt raajya america, united kingdam aur france ney paschimi berlin parr kissy bhee aakraamakta key liye ack antim pratikriya kii yojana banaane key adesh key saath ack gupt samooh kaa gathan kiya. yojana samooh kaa naam live oak rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur teen deshon key karmchaariyon ney paschimi berlin taka aur vahaan seey pahunch kii guaranti key liye bhoomi aur havaai yojanaaen taiyar keen.
naato key drishtikon seey paschimi berlin-saamyavaadi kshetra mein gaharaai-kaa koee sainya moolya naheen thaa. haalaanki yeh europe key soviyat adhigrahan key pratirodh kaa pramukh prateek thaa. eisenhower ney tippani kii kii berlin ack "udaaharan thaa jisamen hamari raajneetik mudra key liye hamein sainya mudraon koo dhaaran karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe poori tarah seey ataarkik hain.british pradhaan mantri harold mcmillan ney farwari 1959 mein krushev key saath vistaarit charcha key liye masco kaa daura kiya. baithaken jyaadaatar sauhaardpurna theen; ultimatum hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.
baatchit.
soviyat sangh ney maee 1959 mein apani samay seema vaapas leey lii aur chaar deshon key videsh mantriyon ney teen maheene kii baithak bitaai. way kissy bhee badey samjhaute parr naheen aae, lekin iss prakriya key kaaran vaarta hui aur sitambar 1959 mein khrushchev kii sanyukt raajya america kii yatra hui, jisake anta mein unhone aur eisenhower ney sanyukt roop seey jore dekar kahaa kii samanya nirastreekaran atyant mahatvapurna thaa aur berlin jaise muddon koo bull key upayog seey naheen, balki baatchit key madhyam seey shantipurna tarikon seey hull kiya jaanaa chaahiye."
eisenhower aur khrushchev americi rashtrapati retreat camp david mein mille, jahan unhone ack-dusare key saath khulkar baat kii. "iss sthiti mein ultimatum key baare mein baat karane seey jyada kuchh bhee asweekarya naheen thaa", eisenhower ney kahaa, kyonki donon pakshon koo achchi tarah seey pataa thaa kii aggar ack ultimatum lagu kiya jaataa haye tou kyaa hoga."khrushchev ney jawab diyaa kii unhein samajh mein naheen aaya kii americi loga shaanti sandhi koo" "shaanti key liye khatra" "key roop mein kaise maan sakate hain. eisenhower ney sweekaar kiya kii berlin kii sthiti "asamanya" thee aur "maanav mamle kaee baar bahut buri tarah seey ulajh jaate they."khrushchev iss dhaarana key saath door aae kii berlin parr ack sauda sambhav thaa, aur way maee 1960 mein peris mein ack shikhar sammelan mein baatchit jaari rakhane key liye sahmat hue. haalaanki, peris shikhar sammelan joe berlin prashn koo hull karane key liye thaa, 1 maee 1960 koo gairi shaktiyon kii asafal yuu-2 jasusi udaan key parinamswarup radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa.