antendry

tandraay paaramparik roop seey madagaskar kaa ack khanabdosh jaatiya samooh haye joe dweep key shushk dakshini bhaag mein rahata haye jise androy kahaa jaataa haye, joe unaki utpatti kaa pataa purvi africa kii mukhya bhoomi mein lagaata haye. haalaanki, 17veen shatabdi mein, tandroy zafimanara rajvansh dwara shaasit dou samoohon key ack sangh key roop mein ubhara, jaba taka kii baadh key kaaran 1790 key aspas raajya bhang naheen hoe gayaa. tandroy key kathin bhoobhaag aur jalavaayu ney aabaadi koo sanrakshit aur alag-thalag curr diyaa, unhein 19veen shatabdi mein imerina key raajya dwara adheenata seey bachaaya; baad mein, francisi aupaniveshik pradhikaran ney bhee iss aabaadi parr apana prabhaav daalane key liye sangharsh kiya. swatantrata key baad seey tandraay koo purvagrah aur aarthik haashiye kaa saamana karna padaa haye, jisase vyaapak pravaas aur anya jaatiya samoohon key saath antar-vivaah huaa haye, aur unhein virodh pradarshanon mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaane key liye prerit kiya gayaa haye jisane 1972 mein rashtrapati fillibert sirana key prashaasan key anta koo janm diyaa.
tandraay koo antendry bhee kahaa jaa sakata haye, lekin yeh takniki roop seey anaavashyak haih "roy" kaa arth haye "kaanta"; upsarg "ack" kaa arth haye "kaa sthaan"; aur atirikt "tii" kaa arth haye "seey".
jabaki tandraay madagaskar mein anya jaatiya samoohon key saath kaee samanya saanskritik visheshtaon koo saajha karate hain, jaise kii poorvajon key liye sammaan, ack samanya bhasha aur jatil antim sanskar, kuchh prathaon ney unhein alag curr diyaa. way vishesh roop seey apane vishisht nrityon, sooti buney hue kapadon, vistrit roop seey sajaae gaye makbaron aur apane gharon key nirmaan mein plank vastukala key advitiya upayog key liye jaane jaate hain. adhikansh malagasy jaatiya samoohon key vipareet way kanda, yama, bajra aur anya fasalon parr adhik nirbhar hain joe dweep parr kaheen aur prachalit chawal kii tulanaa mein kheti key liye paani parr cumm nirbhar hain. zebu kaa charaana tandroy kii pramukh aarthik gatividhi bunny hui haye, aur unaki kabron koo aamtaur parr dhana key sanket key roop mein kaee zebu khopadi seey sajaaya jaataa haye.
jaatiya pehchaan.
tandroy" naam kaa arth haye "kaanton key loga" joe kii sthaaniya paudhon kii teekhi jhaadiyon key sandarbh mein haye joe maidagaskar key dakshin-paschimi kshetra kii visheshta haye. unaki paaramparik matribhoomi aadhunik androy kshetra kaa nirmaan karati haye, joe motey taur parr ambosari aur beloha key beach aur mahasagar aur bekili key beach sthit haye; aabaadi sabse adhik ambovombe key aspas kendrit haye. way austronesian chehare kii visheshtaon kii tulanaa mein purvi african roop seey majboot hotey hain. tandraay apane vansh kaa pataa sakalav logon seey lagaate hain.
2013 taka lagbhag 600,000 tandroy hain. way dweep parr paanchven sabse badey jaatiya samooh kaa gathan karate hain.
itihas.
tandraay kshetra key nivasi dou alag-alag paramparaon mein seey ack key saath pehchaan karate hain. tandroy key paschimi bhaag mein rahane vaale karimbola kabile kaa maukhik itihas kshetra mein pravaas kaa varnan naheen kartaa haye, balki iska matlab haye kii nivasi hamesha maujood they. 18veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, tandraay key sabse paschimi hisse parr padosi mahfali logon key menrandra rajvansh ney vijay praapt kii thee. tandroy key purvi bhaag mein, mahendrovato kabile kii mool aabaadi dheere-dheere virodhi aur baaraa sharanarthiyon seey adhik hoe gaee thee. 18veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka menrandra aur mendare nadiyon key beach rahane vaale sabhi logon koo ekjut karane key liye ack kendrikrit sangh ubhara. iss sangh parr zafimanara key ack rajvansh kaa shasson thaa, joe mahendrovato kabile kaa ack upa-samooh thaa, jisane iss kshetra aur isake logon koo tandroy naam diyaa. 1790 key aspas zafimanara kii shakti cumm hoe gaee jaba mahatvapurna baadh aur parinamswarup paaristhitik uthal-puthal ney unhein manambo pathaar kii or bhaagne key liye prerit kiya.
maidagaskar (1897-1960) key francisi upanivesh key dauran, tandroy-mahfali key saath-dweep key jaatiya samoohon mein sabse asabhya key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa. yeh dhaarana saathi durbhavana key beach fail gaee, ack roodhivaadi pranali sthaapit kii joe virodhi koo aadhe kapade pahane jangli key roop mein darshaati haye.
1972 mein siranana rashtrapati pada kaa patan aur pahale ganarajya kaa anta toliyara mein curr sangrah mein bhrashtachar key khilaf virodhi kisaanon key sashastr virodh seey shuru huaa thaa.
samaaj.
tandraay paaramparik roop seey madagaskar kaa ack khanabdosh jaatiya samooh haye joe dweep key shushk dakshini bhaag mein rahata haye jise androy kahaa jaataa haye. way jiss paryaavaran mein rahate hain, usaki kathorta ney aitihaasik roop seey unhein badey paimaane parr alag-thalag karane aur anya malagacy jaatiya samoohon key hamale seey bachaane kaa kaam kiya haye; francisi bhee upanivesh key baad virodhi parr adhikaar sthaapit karane key liye sangharsh curr rahey they. 1960 mein france seey rashtriya swatantrata key baad, tandraay (saath hii merina) antarjaatiya vivaah key sabse aam vyavasaayi bunn gaye, badey hisse mein aarthik avsar kii talash mein tandraay purushon key lagaatar pravaas key liye.
parivarik sambaddhata.
tandraay parivaar pitrisattaatmak hotey hain aur mahilaaon seey apane parivaar mein purushon key adheen honey kii apeksha kii jaati haye. khatna purush tandraay key liye ack mahatvapurna anushthaan haye, aur kuchh samudaayon mein utsav mein bandook kii nully seey chamadi koo goli maaree jaati haye.
dhaarmik sambaddhata.
tandraay ack nirmaata bhagwan mein samanya durbhavanapurna vishvaason aur poorvajon key shashwat jeevan aur shakti koo saajha karate hain, joe jeevit logon key mamalon mein hastakshep karate hain aur jinka sammaan kiya jaanaa chaahiye. tandraay samudaay key saath aur poorvajon dwara "bilo" naamak ack trance raajya mein pravesh karke usake paas rakhaa jaa sakata haye. tandraay mein magarmachhon kaa darr aamtaur parr rahata haye, aur jafindervoy kabile key sadasyon kaa maanana haye kii way ack tandraay mahila aur ack magarmachcha key beach millen key vanshaj hain. isake alawa, "cocolampo" aatma koo ack tandraay key jeevan mein ghatnaaon parr sakaratmak yaa nakaratmak prabhaav daalane mein saksham maanaa jaataa haye.
19veen shatabdi key anta mein mukhya roop seey luthran missionaryon dwara dakshini madagaskar mein isai dharm kii shuruat kii gaee thee; yeh tandraay key beach isai dharm kaa pramukh roop banaa huaa haye, halanki adhikansh paaramparik maanyataon kaa paalan karna jaari rakhate hain. "empisoro" bhavishyavakta tandroy gaanv key samaaj kii ack aam visheshta hain aur paaramparik samudaayon mein ack sammaanit pradhikari hain.
sanskriti.
tandroy toliyara praant kii atyadhik shushkata key kaaran ausat malagasy kii tulanaa mein cumm chawal kaa sevan karate hain. balki way makke, meethe aaloo, manioch aur zebu doodh aur dahee key paaramparik aahar parr nirbhar rahey hain. anya mukhya khaadya padarthon mein aam taur parr paani mein ubale hue aur kabhi-kabhi poore doodh mein parose jaane vaale yaa kuchale hue moongfali key saath swaad vaale yama, taaro jarh aur bajra shamil hain.
jabaki madagaskar mein adhikansh awas paaramparik roop seey namaneey paadap samagri seey banaae jaate hain, tandroy una kuchh jaatiya samoohon mein seey ack hain joe apane gharon key nirmaan key liye lakadi key takhte kaa upayog karate hain. tandraay ghar paaramparik roop seey vargakar hotey hain (aaytaakaar naheen, jaisa kii dweep parr kaheen aur haye), joe cumm stilt parr uthaaye jaate hain, ack choti kii chhat key saath sheersh parr hotey hain aur lakadi key frame seey chipakaae gaye lakadi key urdhvaadhar-latakaae hue takhton seey baney hotey hain. inn gharon mein paaramparik roop seey koee khidki naheen hoti haye aur teen lakadi key darwaaje hotey hainh saamane kaa darwaja mahilaaon kaa pravesh dwaar haye, ghar key peechhe kaa darwaja bachchon key liye haye, aur teesara darwaja purushon dwara upayog kiya jaataa haye. aksar kantedar-piyar cactus ("raketa") yaa aspas key kantedar jangalon seey swadeshi raseele padarthon kii lambai kaa upayog karke antindry gharon key aspas baad kaa nirmaan kiya jaataa haye.
choonki tandraay kaa dakshini shushk kshetra varsh kaa adhikansh samay germ rahata haye, isaliye tandraay key beach kapade aksar cumm hotey hain. paaramparik kapade mukhya roop seey haath seey card kiye gaye aur kataai hui sooti kapade seey baney hotey hain jinhen "lamba" rapper aur luncloth banaane key liye bunaa jaataa haye. bunai mahilaaon dwara vishisht roop seey kii jaati haye, joe bunai key liye kapas koo dhaage mein modane key liye apani jaangh key khilaf ack lakadi key spindle kaa upayog karati hain. dhaage koo ack kathor ghol mein dubone seey pahale ise "foll velo" ("jeevit dhaga") kahaa jaataa haye aur maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh aadhyatmik shakti seey bharaa hotaa haye. iss kaaran seey, khatna samaroh jaise kaee virodhi anushthaanon mein "foll velo" kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, aur suraksha pradaan karane key liye "ambias" (chikitsak) dwara dusaron kii kalaai key chaaron or baandh diyaa jaataa haye. kachche resham ("lundy") kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi kapade banaane key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye.
faki.
tandraay bujurgon aur poorvajon dwara sthaapit vibhinn prakaar key "feddy" (varjana) kaa paalan karate hain. virodhi mahilaaon koo zebu doodh dene seey manaa kiya gayaa haye. vikiranit kachhue koo maarne key khilaf virodhi samaaj mein ack samanya "sanak" haye, aur ack vishesh tandraay raajaa koo ack koo dekhane key liye itna manaa kiya gayaa thaa. ack mrit raajaa key naam kaa ullekh karna bhee "durbhavanapurna" haye.
antim sanskar.
ack tandraay kii mrityu parr, parivaar key sadasya ack sampradayik antim sanskar bhoj kaa ayojan karate hain. zebu kaa balidan kiya jaataa haye aur unakaa maans samudaay koo diyaa jaataa haye. kaee dinon taka raajya mein rahane key baad, mritak key shareer koo ack taaboot mein rakhaa jaataa haye, aur adhik zebu koo maar diyaa jaataa haye. iss samaroh mein mood utsavpurna hoe sakata haye, aur kuchh tandraay key beach, samudaay key sadasya taaboot uthaayenge aur isake saath samudra mein bhaagenge. isake baad taaboot koo ghar key purush mukhiya aur usake parivaar key sadasyon key liye ack kabr mein rakhaa jaataa haye. padosi mahfali kii tarah, tandraay kii kabron koo "fenny" ("aapka shashwat sthaan") kahaa jaataa haye. yeye badey aur aaytaakaar hain-jitna badaa makbara, utanaa hii adhik dhanee aadami-aur rangeen chitron seey sajaae gaye hain. lambe patthar paaramparik roop seey purush aur mahila kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye pratyek taraf rakhe jaate hain; haal key varshon mein, meenaron kaa nirmaan aksar pattharon key badale mein kiya jaataa haye. antim sanskar key liye maare gaye zebu kii khopadi koo mritak key dhana kaa sanket dene key liye makbare key oopar rakhaa jaataa haye.
kabr mein taaboot key sthanantaran mein kaee maheene lugg sakate hain jaba taka kii imarat poori hoe jaati haye. nirmaan kii iss avadhi key dauran ack aur dou divasiya shoke samaroh hotaa haye; kabr mein taaboot rakhane parr zebu balidan aur anushthaan vilaap phir seey hoe sakata haye. ack baar taaboot rakhe jaane key baad, makbare koo bharane key liye usake oopar pattharon koo dher curr diyaa jaataa haye. isake baad antim sanskar puuraa karane key liye mritak key ghar koo aag seey nasht curr diyaa jaataa haye. parivaar aur samudaay key sadasya kabr parr jaane key liye naheen lautenge.
nritya aur sangeet.
taar vaale vaadyayantra tandraay key beach aam hain. way pine plank seey "marovani" (boxes zither) kaa nirmaan karate hain, jisamen binaa kissy chot key chalane vaale saikil kebalon koo taar key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye. mandolina" aur "gitara" "kabasi" key samaan ack lokpriya dakshini cordphone key antendroy naam hain, lekin taaron key liye nylon machhali pakadane kii rekha aur paanch yaa saat chala frates key saath joe upkaran key tuning key sanshodhan kii suvidha pradaan karate hain. lokanga" ack taar vaalaa vaadya haye joe tandroy key saath lokpriya haye jisamen lauki kaa anunaad hotaa haye aur ise dhanush key saath bajaaya jaataa haye, bahut hudd taka "jeji vautavo" kii tarah joe aage uttar mein bajaaya jaataa haye, lekin anunaad key saath teen taar vaale bell key samaan tarasha jaataa haye. tandraay swar sangeet mein samriddh bahu-harmonic dhunein hain. tandraay key advitiya paaramparik nrityon koo bhaale key saath prastut kiya jaataa haye aur isake saath vishisht sangeet hotaa haye jisamen seedhiyaan aur fipple bansuri hoti hain. 
bhasha.
tandroy malagasy bhasha kii ack bolly bolate hain, joe dakshini bornio mein bolly jaane vaali barito bhaashaon seey vyutpann malaayo-polynesian bhasha samooh kii ack shakha haye.
arthavyavastha.
pashu paalan antindroy kii mukhya aarthik gatividhi haye. way kasawa, bajra, chawal aur makke kii nirvaah kheti kaa bhee abhyaas karate hain. shahad bhee antindroy kaa ack pramukh utpaad haye.
aitihaasik roop seey, tandraay koo mahaan lohe key kaarigaron key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa; 1897 mein francisi upanivesh seey pahale shaahi kaal mein agneyastron kii marammat mein unakaa kaushal vishesh roop seey pratishthit thaa. aaj, kaee virodhi purush bhugtan kiye gaye kaam kii khoj key liye mausami roop seey padosi kshetron mein yatra karate hain.
atirikt jaankaari.
tandroy sanskriti aur itihas koo samarpit ack sangrahalaya taolagnaro key lagbhag dou ghante uttar mein barenti reserve key bheetar sanchaalit hotaa haye. nissandeh maidagaskar mein sabse achchha nasleeya sangrahalaya" key roop mein varnit, tandraay key sangrahalaya mein photo pradarshaniyan hain aur paaramparik kalaa aur hastshilp pradarshit kiye jaate hain; ack model tandraay house kaa daura buggle key maidanon mein kiya jaa sakata haye.

