
troponin see prakaar 1

troponin see, jise tn-see yaa tnc key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack protein haye joe dhaaridaar maanspeshiyon (cardiac, fast-twitch kankal, yaa slow-twitch kankal) key actin thinn filaments parr troponin complexes mein rahata haye aur maanspeshiyon key sankuchan koo sakriya karane key liye calcium koo baandhane key liye jimmedaar haye. troponin see koo hriday aur dheemi kankal donon maanspeshiyon key liye manushyon mein "tnnc1" jeane dwara kootbaddh kiya jaataa haye.
sanrachana.
cardiac troponin see (ctnc) ack 161-emino acid protein haye jise dou domen mein vyavasthit kiya gayaa haih niyaamak aine-terminal domen (ctnc, avashesh 1-86), sanrachanaatmak see-terminal domen (cctnc, avashesh 93-161), aur dou domen (avashesh 87-92) koo jodane vaalaa ack lachila linker. pratyek domen mein dou ef-hands hotey hain, caa2 +-binding helix-loop-helix rupankanon kaa udaaharan paravalbumin aur callodulin jaise protein dwara diyaa jaataa haye. see. see. tii. aine. see. mein dou ee. aff.-haind rupankanon seey dou uchch aatmiyata see. aeye. 2 +-binding saiton kaa gathan hotaa haye. joe sabhi shaaririk roop seey praasangik calcium sandrata mein vyaapt hain. isake vipareet, see. aine. tii. aine. see. mein kewal doosara ee. aff.-haind cumm aatmiyata key saath see. aeye. 2 + koo baandhata haye, jabaki pahala ee. aff.-haind see. aeye. 2 +-binding site nishkriya haye.
callodulin jaise ack vishisht ee. aff.-haind protein mein, see. aeye. 2 + binding ack bund-seey-khule anuroopan sankraman koo prerit kartaa haye, joe khuli sthiti mein ack badey hydrophobic patch koo ujagar kartaa haye. isi tarah, cardiac troponin niyaamak kshetra, see. aine. tii. aine. see., aeye. pee. oh. avastha mein ack bund sanrachana mein haye (koee calcium baadhya naheen). see. aeye. 2 + bandhan parr, see. aine. tii. aine. see. bund aur khule roopon key beach ack teji seey santulan mein pravesh kartaa haye, halanki, bund roop abhee bhee pramukh haye. sanrachanaatmak kshetra, see. see. tii. aine. see., aeye. pee. oh. avastha mein ack "pighale hue globule" key roop mein maujood haye, lekin see. aeye. 2 +-bound avastha mein ack achchi tarah seey sanrachit khuli sanrachana banaata haye. yeye sanrachanaatmak antar apo-aur see. aeye. 2 +-bound raajyon kii saapeksh sthirtaon koo badalate hain, joe donon kshetron key beach alag-alag see. aeye. 2 +-binding aatmiyataon key liye jimmedaar hain.
kaary.
hriday kii maanspeshiyon mein, see. tii. aine. see. hriday troponin aaee (see. tii. aine. aaee.) aur hriday troponin tii (see. tii. aine. tii.) seey judataa haye, jabaki see. tii. aine. see. dheere-dheere judane vaali kankal maanspeshiyon mein dheere-dheere kankal troponin aaee (aiss. aiss. tii. aine. aaee.) aur troponin tii (aiss. aiss. tii. aine. tii.) seey judataa haye.
see. tii. aine. see. (see. tii. aine. see.) kaa sanrachanaatmak kshetra troponin aaee aur tii key liye lunger daala jaataa haye, joe tathaakathit aaee. tii. bhuja banaata haye, joe see. tii. aine. see. 93-161, see. tii. aine. aaee. 41-135 aur see. tii. aine. tii. 235-286 (hriday parisar mein) seey banaa hotaa haye. see. see. tii. aine. see. apane badey hydrophobic patch key madhyam seey helical see. tii. aine. aaee. 41-60 seey judataa haye, see. see. tii. aine. see. key see. aeye. 2 +-bound open conformation koo sthir kartaa haye aur see. aeye. 2 + (key. dee. = 40 aine. aim. seey key. dee. = 3 aine. aim.) key liye isaki aatmiyata koo badhaata haye. ctnt 235-286 ctni 88-135 key saath ack helical kundalit kundal banaata haye joe cctnc key vipareet chehare seey judataa haye. isaki bhuja ctnt key aasann khandon key madhyam seey tropomyocene key liye lunger daalati haye, isaliye maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh poore hriday chakr mein tropomyocene key saath ack ikai key roop mein chalati haye. diastole (~ 100 nm) key dauran maujood cumm calcium vatavaran mein, tropomyocene koo troponin aaee avarodhak (ctni 128-147) aur see-terminal (ctni 160-209) kshetron key bandhan key madhyam seey actin patale filament key saath "avaruddh" sthiti mein lunger daala jaataa haye. yeh actin-myosine cross-bridging koo rokta haye aur prabhaavi roop seey maanspeshiyon key sankuchan koo bund curr detaa haye.
jaise-jaise systole key dauran cytoplasmic see. aeye. 2 + ekagrata ~ 1 microne taka badh jaati haye, see. aeye. 2 + cardiac troponin see (see. aine. tii. aine. see.) key niyaamak kshetra seey judanaa pramukh ghatana haye joe maanspeshiyon key sankuchan kii or leey jaati haye. troponin i, ctni 148-159 key "switch" kshetra mein cntnc kaa hydrophobic binding, cntnc key ca2 +-bound open conformation koo sthir kartaa haye (lagbhag kd = 5 microne seey kd = 0.8 microne taka cntnc kii ca2 + binding affinity koo badhaata haye). yeh bandhan ghatana actin seey aasann ctn avarodhak kshetron koo hataa detee haye aur patali filament parr apani default "bund" sthiti mein tropomyocene koo sthir karati haye, jisase actin-myosine cross-bridging aur maanspeshiyon kaa sankuchan aage badhane kii anumati milati haye. majboot actin-myosine antahkriya patali tantu koo "khuli" sthiti mein sthanantarit curr sakati haye.
calcium samvedansheelta kaa shaaririk viniyaman.
sarcomer kii calcium samvedansheelta, yaani calcium kii sandrata jiss parr maanspeshiyon kaa sankuchan hotaa haye, seedhe see. aine. tii. aine. see. key calcium bandhan sambandh dwara nirdhaarit kii jaati haye. aaj taka, see. tii. aine. see. key koee gyaat anuvaad-pashchaat sanshodhan naheen hain joe isaki calcium bandhan aatmiyata koo prabhaavit karate hain. haalaanki, see. aine. tii. aine. see. dwara calcium bandhan ack gatishil prakriya haye joe see. aine. tii. aine. see. key bund-seey-khule anuroop santulan, see. aine. tii. aine. see. kii domen sthiti, yaa see. tii. aine. see. key shaaririk bandhan bhagidar see. tii. aine. see. kii saapeksh upalabdhata seey prabhaavit hoe sakati haye. see. aine. tii. aine. see. key bund seey khule santulan koo chhote yaugikon dwara khuli sthiti kii or sthanantarit kiya jaa sakata haye (troponin-binding davaaon parr neeche khand dekhein). see. aine. tii. aine. see. kii domen sthiti see. tii. aine. aaee. key phosphorylation seey prabhaavit hoe sakati haye, jisamen seey manushyon mein sabse mahatvapurna site sair 22/sair 23 haye. see. tii. aine. aaee. kii upalabdhata actin parr tropomyocene key avaruddh-bund-khule santulan parr nirbhar karati haye, joe actin-myosine cross-bridging aur lambai parr nirbhar sakriyan (jise khinchaav sakriyan yaa hriday key spasht starling kaanoon key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) sahit patali filament seey judee kissy bhee baatchit seey prabhaavit hoe sakati haye. yeye sabhi prakriyaaen utparivartan seey prabhaavit hoe sakati hain (roga paida karane vaale utparivartan parr neeche diye gaye khand koo dekhein).
roga paida karane vaale utparivartan.
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (aich. see. aim.) ack samanya sthiti haye (vyaapaktaa> 1:500) joe nilay kii maanspeshiyon key asamanya motape kii visheshta haye, shaastriya roop seey antahshira septal deewaar mein. aich. see. aim. koo sarcomer kii ack bimari key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, kyonki sarcomer key sankara protein mein utparivartan kii pehchaan aich. see. aim. vaale lagbhag aadhe rogiyon mein kii gaee haye. aich. see. aim. key saath judey ctnc utparivartan aeye8vee, ell29kyu, aeye31aiss, see84vaaee, dee145ee hain. sabhi mamalon mein, utparivartan kii pehchaan ack hii rogi mein kii gaee thee, isaliye inn utparivartanon key naidaanik mahatva kii pushti yaa khandan karane key liye atirikt aanuvanshik pareekshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. inmein seey adhikansh utparivartanon (aur samanya roop seey aich. see. aim. seey judey patale filament utparivartanon key saath) key saath, hriday calcium samvedansheelta mein vriddhi dekhi gaee haye.
parivarik faila huaa cardiomyopathy (dee. see. aim.) systolic hriday viphalata (prasaar 1:5000) kaa ack durlabh kaaran haye. utparivartan kii ack vyaapak shrinkhala (kuchh gair-sarcomeric protein sahit) dee. see. aim. key saath judee hui haye. abb taka dee. see. aim. seey judey see. tii. aine. see. utparivartan y5h, q50r, d75y, m103i, d145e (aich. see. aim. key saath bhee judey hue), i148v, aur g159d hain. inmein seey, q50r aur g159d prabhaavit parivaar key sadasyon mein bimari key saath saha-vibhajit hain, jisase vishvaas badh rhaa haye kii way naidaanik roop seey mahatvapurna utparivartan hain. aich. see. aim. kii tulanaa mein patale filament dee. see. aim.-sambaddh utparivartan key jaiv rasayanik parinam cumm achchi tarah seey sthaapit hain, halanki kuchh sujhaav rahey hain kii kuchh utparivartan see. tii. aine. aaee. phosphorylation key calcium desensitizing prabhaav koo samaapt curr dete hain. aisaa isaliye hoe sakata haye kyonki kuchh utparivartan see. tii. aine. see. kii sateek sthiti koo baadhit karate hain taaki see. tii. aine. see. key maanspeshiyon key sankuchan koo trigger kiya jaa sakey jaba see. tii. aine. see. gair-phosphorylated hoe.
troponin-binding davaayen.
rasayanik yaugik troponin see seey juda sakate hain taaki troponin sakriyak (calcium samvedi) yaa troponin avarodhak (calcium desensitizer) key roop mein kaary kiya jaa sakey. pahale seey hii kaee troponin sakriyak hain joe tej kankal troponin see seey judate hain, jinamen seey tirasemtive kaa kaee naidaanik parikshanon mein pareekshan kiya gayaa haye. isake vipareet, koee gyaat yaugik naheen hain joe cardiac troponin see key saath uchch sambandh key saath judate hain. calcium samvedi, levosimendon, koo troponin see seey baandhane key liye kahaa jaataa haye, lekin kissy bhee sanrachana key nirdhaaran koo chhodkar kewal kamjor yaa asangat bandhan kaa pataa lagaaya gayaa haye. isake vipareet, levosimendon nanomolar affinity key saath type 3 phosphodisteres koo rokta haye, isaliye iska javic lakshya vivadaspad haye.
kuchh yaugikon kii pehchaan see. aine. tii. aine. see. koo cumm aatmiyata key saath baandhane aur troponin sakriyakon key roop mein kaary karane key liye kii gaee haih dee. aff. bee. pee.-oh. (levosimendon kaa ack sanrachanaatmak anuroop), 4-(4-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-piperazinil)-3-pyridinamine (aine. see. aaee. 147866), aur bipridil. callodulin virodhi, doubleu7, koo bhee troponin avarodhak key roop mein kaary karane key liye see. aine. tii. aine. see. seey baandhate hue paaya gayaa haye. yeye sabhi yaugik see. aine. tii. aine. see. key khule vinyas mein hydrophobic patch seey judate hain, jisamen troponin sakriyak see. tii. aine. aaee. switch peptide aur troponin avrodhakon key saath baatchit koo badhaava dete hain joe baatchit koo asthir karate hain.
kaee yaugik cumm aatmiyata key saath see. see. tii. aine. see. seey bhee juda sakate hainh ee. aim. dee. 57033, resveratrol, bepridil aur ee. jee. see. jee.. yeye sabhi yaugik apani samalingeeta key liye prasiddh hain, aur inn antahkriyaon kaa javic mahatva agyaat haye. vishesh roop seey, yeh agyaat haye kii see. tii. aine. see. key saath baatchit see. tii. aine. see. key calcium sambandh koo kaise prabhaavit karati haye.
saiddhaantik roop seey, ack cardiac troponin activator systolic hriday viphalata key upchaar mein hriday anubandh koo badhaane key liye upayogi hoe sakata haye, jabaki ack troponin avarodhak kaa upayog diastolic hriday viphalata key upchaar mein vishram key paksh mein kiya jaa sakata haye. troponin modulator kaa upayog patale filament mein cardiomyopathy-kaaran utparivartan key prabhaav koo ulatane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye.

