
alonso tostado

alonso tostado ("all (aff) onso fernandez dee madrigal" bhee, jise vibhinn roop seey "alphonsus tostatus", "tostatus abulances" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur spanish mein "ell tostado" yaa "ell abulance"; caa. 1410-3 sitambar 1455) ack spanish dharamshastri, castile key johnn dwiteeya key paarshad aur sankshipt roop seey avilla key bishap they. unake epitoff mein kahaa gayaa thaa kii "prithvi kaa ashcharya, sabhi loga" "zaan sakate hain kii unhone scan kiya thaa."
apani peedhi key ack pramukh vidwan, unhein vishesh roop seey jaadoo-tona parr ack praarambhik siddhantkar key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye; apane "dee melphysis mullieribus, kwe vulgaritor decontoor bruxus" (1440) mein unhone bibil key udaaharan key aadhar parr udane vaali chudailon kii sambhavana kaa bachaav kiya.
jeevan.
alonso key pitaa, jinhen alonso tostado bhee kahaa jaataa haye, ack halbaaz they. upnaam "tostado" ack halwale key tain yaa sunburn rung koo sandarbhit kartaa haye.
franciscan key adheen vyaakaran key pathyakram key baad unhone salamanka vishvavidyalaya mein pravesh kiya, jahan darshan aur dharamshastra key alawa, unhone nagrik aur cannon kaanoon, greek, hibru aur anya shaakhaon kaa adhyayan kiya, joe taba ack vishvavidyalaya key pathyakram mein shamil theen. asadharan roop seey pratibhashali munn aur asadharan roop seey pratidhaaran smriti key saath judane key kaaran, unhone gyaan kaa itna vishal bhandar jamaa kiya kii unake samkaaleenon ney unhein duniya kaa ack ashcharya banaa diyaa. 22 saal kii umr mein unhone apane adhyayan seey aakarshit badey darshakon key liye vibhinn vishayon parr vyakhyan denaa shuru kiya.
baad mein unhone besley kii parishad mein vishishtata key saath sahaayata kii.
1443 mein siena mein pope key darbar kii yatra key dauran, pope eugene IV ney saarvajanik roop seey ack vidharmi aur kuchh laparwahi vaale prastaavon kaa bachaav kiya thaa, lekin ack vyakhyatmak patra mein unhone apane roodhivaadita key mathadhish koo ashvasana diyaa.
spen lautane parr, 1444 mein, unhein castile key johnn dwiteeya kaa grand chansler aur paarshad niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 1454 mein, unaki samay seey pahale mrityu seey kuchh samay pahale (sambhavatah unake chaalees yaa shuruati pachas mein), unhein avilla kaa bishap naamit kiya gayaa thaa.
avila mein unaki kabr 1518 mein vasco dee laa zaarzaa dwara nakkashi kii gaee thee.
kaam kartaa haye.
juan dee torkemada aur anya alochakon key khilaf likhe gaye apane "defensorium" mein, unhone pope key adhikaar key liye apmaanjanak vichaaron koo vyakt kiya. 
eusebius key itihas aur anya chhoti-motee kritiyon parr ack spanish tippani key alawa, unhone puraane vasiyatname kii aitihaasik pustakon parr dusare itihas taka aur sent key anusaar susamachar parr tippani likhi. mait. yeye faile hue hain, jisamen hathdharmi aur anya vishayon parr kaee vichalan hain. 
tostado key karyon ney yahudi bible tippanikar aur rajneta isaq abravanel (1437-1508) parr mahatvapurna prabhaav daala.
13 folio khandon mein unaki kritiyon kaa ack sanskaran 1507 aur 1547 mein venis mein prakaashit huaa thaa; 24 folio khandon mein ack aur poorna sanskaran 1615 mein usee sthaan parr dikhaai diyaa, aur 1728 mein 27 folio khandon mein ack aur.

