roop (ardh-vigyaan)

sanketan mein, ack roop ack vishesh tarika haye jisamen jaankaari koo manushyon key saamane prastut karane key liye kootbaddh kiya jaanaa haye, arthaat.ee. sanket key prakaar aur vaastaviktaa kii sthiti key liye joe ack sanket, paath yaa shally dwara varnit yaa daavaa kiya gayaa haye. yeh ferdinand dee sausur (1857-1913) kii tulanaa mein charles peers (1839-1914) key ardh-vigyaan key saath adhik nikatata seey judaa huaa haye kyonki arth koo sanketon key ack samooh key prabhaav key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye. pearson model mein, ack "object" key liye ack sandarbh banaaya jaataa haye jaba saain (yaa "representamen") kii vyakhya ack anya saain (joe iska "vyakhyata" bunn jaataa haye) dwara punaravritti seey kii jaati haye, arth kii ack avadharana joe vaastav mein saain prakaron key vargeekaran koo ingit karati haye.
sanket-prakaar kii charcha.
dhaarana kaa manovigyaan ack samanya sangyanatmak pranali key astitva kaa sujhaav detaa haye joe sabhi yaa sabse adhik samvedi roop seey vyakt arthon koo usee tarah seey vyavhaar kartaa haye. yadi sabhi sanket bhee dhaarana kii vastuein honey chaahiye, tou yeh vishvaas karane kaa harr kaaran haye kii unaki karyapranali cumm seey cumm unaki prakriti key hisse koo nirdhaarit karegi. iss prakaar, samvedi taur-tareeke drishya, shravan, sparsh, ghraan, uttejak, gatij aadi honge. sanket prakaron kii soochi mein shamil hongeh lekhan, prateek, soochkaank, chhavi, maanchitra, graph, aarekh, aadi. sanketon key kuchh sanyojan bahu-model hoe sakate hain.ee. prabhaav key liye vibhinn prakaar key sanketon koo ack saath samoohbaddh kiya gayaa. lekin ack "madhyam" aur ack paddhati key beach kaa antar spasht kiya jaanaa chaahieh 
isaliye, "roop" ack nishchit prakaar kii jaankaari aur/yaa pratinidhitva praarup koo sandarbhit kartaa haye jisamen jaankaari sangraheet kii jaati haye. madhyam" vaha saadhan haye jisake dwara yeh jaankaari dubhashiya kii indriyon taka pahunchaai jaati haye. praakritik bhasha praathamik roop haye, jisamen maukhik bhasha key roop mein shravan madhyam mein kaee aparivartaniya guna hain, likhit bhasha key roop mein drishya madhyam, brail key roop mein sparsh madhyam aur sanket bhasha key roop mein gatij madhyam hain. jaba bolly jaane vaali bhasha dwara arth vyakt kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh vaktaa dwara prasaarit dhwani tarangon mein parivartit hoe jaataa haye aur dusare key kaanon dwara praapt kiya jaataa haye. phir bhee iss uttejana koo vaktaa key tareeke aur haav-bhaav key drishya sakshya, aur bhautik sthaan aur isake sambhaavit arthasoochak mahatva key baare mein samanya jagrukta seey alag naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. isi tarah, jiska arth haye kii ack drishya roop mein nihit haye, usey roop kii pratimaantaa aur nihitarth seey alag naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. yadi hastalikhit haye, tou lekhan saaf haye yaa yeh apani shally mein bhavna kaa pramaan detaa haye. kiss prakaar key kagaj kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, kiss rung kii syaahi, kiss prakaar kaa lekhan upkaranah aise sabhi prashn joe darshaaya jaataa haye usake mahatva kii vyakhya key liye praasangik hain. lekin chhaviyaan praakritik bhasha seey alag hain. roland barthes (1915-80) key liye, bhasha apekshaakrit nirdhaarit arthon key saath kaary karati haye jabaki chhaviyaan "kuchh naheen" kahati hain. phir bhee, una bhaagon koo vyavasthit karane key liye ack bayanbaji haye joe sanket karane key liye hain, aur ack ubharata huaa, yadi abhee taka aam taur parr sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa haye, tou vakyavinyas joe unake bhaagon koo spasht kartaa haye aur unhein ack prabhaavi sampoorn mein baandhata haye. alankaarik thomas rostech ney bayanbaji koo "hamaare anubhavon koo samajhane, hamari vyaktigat aur saamoohik pehchaan kaa nirmaan karane, arth paida karane aur duniya mein twarit kaarravaai karane key liye bhasha aur anya prateekaatmak pranaliyon key upayog" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya.

