
audyogik vipanan aur khareed samooh

audyogik vipanan aur khareed samooh yaa antarrashtriya vipanan aur khareed samooh (sankshipt roop seey imp samooh) audyogik vipanan key kshetra mein ack europeeya shodh pahal haye jise 1976 mein europe key vibhinn deshon aur vishvavidyalayon key shodhkartaon dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh vyavasaay seey vyavasaay vipanan aur khareed key kshetra mein avadhaaranaon aur gyaan key vikas seey sambandhit vidvaanon key ack anaupchaarik antarrashtriya samooh key roop mein vikasit huaa haye."samooh koo vipanan kaa nordic school bhee kahaa jaataa haye.
itihas.
1976 mein audyogik vipanan aur khareed samooh ney upsala key swedish vishvavidyalaya, british vishvavidyalaya key snan aur manchester vigyaan aur praudyogiki sansthaan key vishvavidyalaya, french ikol superior dee commers, lyon (abb amlion business school), aur munich key german ludwig maximilian vishvavidyalaya key liye vaigyaanikon kii ack sanyukt shodh pariyojana key roop mein shuruat kii. imp samooh (2010) ney samajhaayah
pahali imp samooh anusandhaan pariyojana anubhavjanya tippaniyon key aadhar parr vikasit kii gaee thee joe ack paramanu bajar key baare mein mukhyadhara key aarthik siddhanton kii dhaarana mein fitt naheen hoti theeh audyogik vipanan aur khareed sthir, deerghakaalik vyaavsaayik sambandhon key bheetar hoti dikhaai dee. lekin companiyan inn paraspar nirbhartaon koo kyon vikasit karati hain? dusaron parr nirbhar rahane key nuksaanon seey adhik kyaa laabh hoe sakate hain? inn aur anya sambandhit shodh prashnon ney pichhale teen dashakon mein "vyavasaay karane" key liye badee sankhya mein anubhavjanya adhyayanon koo prerit kiya haye, joe shodhkartaon kii badhati sankhya dwara kiye gaye hain. inn vidvaanon ney alag-alag companiyon aur sangathanon key saath-saath unake aspas key vyaapak network key beach vibhinn prakaar kii baatchit kii jaanch kii haye. yeye anubhavjanya adhyayan, jaise vipanan, khareed, takniki vikas, prabandhan, rasad, vyaavsaayik samudaay aur neeti sabhi mukhyadhara key vyavasaay siddhant koo chunauti dete hain aur saiddhaantik upkaranon kii maang karate hain joe vyaapaar paridrishya key paraspar pahaluon kii jaanch kii anumati dete hain.
aaee. pee. samooh key praarambhik shodh ney, jaisa kii yuva 1989 ney sweekaar kiya, "audyogik baajaron mein companiyon dwara apani antarrashtriya gatividhiyon koo vikasit karane aur companiyon kii safalata mein kyaa yogdan diyaa haye, isake gyaan mein mahatvapurna roop seey jodaa."moller aur willson (1995) ney ullekh kiya kii imp samooh key iss kaam koo hackenson (1982) aur ford (1990) key madhyam seey praapt kiya jaa sakata haye."
2012 mein savaar aur anya. pushti kii gaee kii "imp samooh kaa kaam kuchh darjan pustakon, lagbhag 2,000 patron aur 130 pee. aich. seey adhik mein bataaya gayaa haye.dee. adhyayan, "2009 mein imp samooh website key detta parr adharit.

