
purtagaali bhaarat

bhaarat raajya (), jise bhaarat kaa purtagaali raajya ("estado portugues daa india", epi) yaa buss purtagaali bhaarat () bhee kahaa jaataa haye, purtagaali samrajya kaa ack raajya thaa jisaki sthaapana bhaaratiya upmahadweep key liye ack samudri maarg kii khoj key chhah saal baad vasco daa gaama dwara kii gaee thee, joe purtagaal raajya kaa ack vishay thaa. purtagaali bhaarat kii rajdhani poore bhaarat mahasagar mein bikhare sainya kilon aur vyaparik chaukiyon key ack shaasi kendra key roop mein kaary karati thee.
1505 mein kochin raajya dwara purtagaal kaa ack sanrakshit raajya banane key liye baatchit key baad, pahale vaaysaraay, francisco dee almeida ney kille key manual mein apane sanchaalan kaa aadhar sthaapit kiya. 1510 mein bijapur saltanat seey gova kii purtagaali vijay key saath, gova bhaarat mein aaney vaale purtagaali senaaon key liye pramukh lunger bunn gayaa. vaaysaraay kii rajdhani koo 1530 mein malabar kshetra key kochin seey gova mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1535 seey, mumbai (bombe) purtagaali bhaarat kaa ack bandargah thaa jise "bomm baahiya" key roop mein 1661 mein ingland key charles II koo catherine dee braganza key dahej key madhyam seey saunp diyaa gayaa thaa. 16veen shatabdi key madhya mein dastavejon mein "bhaarat kaa raajya" abhivyakti niyamit roop seey dikhaai dene luggy.
18veen shatabdi taka, gova key vaaysaraay key paas dakshin africa seey laker dakshin-poorv asia taka, bhaaratiya mahasagar mein aur usake aspas kii sabhi purtagaali sampattiyon parr adhikaar thaa. 1752 mein, mosambic koo apani alag sarkaar millie, 1844 key baad seey purtagaali gova ney makaao, solar aur timer kaa prashaasan bund curr diyaa.
baad key varshon mein, purtagaal kaa adhikaar bhaarat key paschimi tata key saath kenra, cambay aur konkan kshetron mein swaamitva taka seemit thaa. 1947 mein british raaj key vighatan key samay, purtagaali bhaarat mein teen prashaasnik vibhaag shamil they, jinhen kabhi-kabhi saamoohik roop seey "gova" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haih arthaat gova jisamen anjediva shamil thaa; aur daamaon, jisamen dadra aur nagar haveli aur dio jilon key exclave shamil they. 1954 mein purtagaal key saalaazaar shasson ney dadra aur nagar haveli parr vaastavik niyantran khou diyaa. anta mein, disambar 1961 mein pm nehru key tahat gova key bhaaratiya vilay key saath shesh videshi kshetra khou gayaa. 31 disambar 1974 koo hastaaksharit ack sandhi dwara carnation kranti aur estado novo shasson key patan key baad purtagaal ney kewal bhaaratiya niyantran koo maanyata dee.
sandarbh.
vasco daa gaama bhaarat mein aataa haye.
upmahadweep key saath pahali purtagaali muthbhed 20 maee 1498 koo hui thee jaba vasco daa gaama malabar tata parr kalikat pahuncha thaa. kalikat key tata parr lunger daale hue, purtagaliyon ney deshi machuaaron koo jahaaj parr aamantrit kiya aur turant kuchh bhaaratiya vastuen khareed leen. ack purtagaali machuaaron key saath bandargah parr gayaa aur ack tunisian musalman seey milaa. iss vyakti kii salah parr, gaama ney apane kuchh aadmiyon koo kalikat key shaasak, zamorin seey milane key liye ponnani bheja. arab vyapariyon kii apattiyon parr, gaama kalikat key shaasak zamorin seey vyaapaar adhikaaron key liye riyayat kaa patra praapt karane mein kamyab rhaa. lekin, purtagaali nirdhaarit seema shulk aur soney mein apane saman kii keemat kaa bhugtan karane mein asamarth they.
baad mein kalikat key adhikaariyon ney bhugtan key liye suraksha key roop mein gaama key purtagaali agents koo asthaayi roop seey hirasat mein leey liya. haalaanki, isase gaama naraj hoe gayaa, joe kuchh mool nivaasiyon aur solah machuaaron koo balpurvak apane saath leey gayaa.
phir bhee, gaama kaa abhiyaan sabhi uchit apekshaon seey parey safal rhaa, jisamen abhiyaan kii laagat seey saath gunaa adhik maal laaya gayaa.
pedro alvares cabral.
pedro alvares cabral bhaarat key liye ravaana huaa, raaste mein brazil mein europeeya logon key aagaman koo chihnit karate hue, kalikat mein kaali mirch aur anya masalon key vyaapaar key liye, baatchit karane aur ack karkhane kii sthaapana karane key liye, jahaan vaha 13 sitambar 1500 koo pahunche, jaba mamle taba bigad gaye jaba kojhikode mein purtagaali karkhane parr sthaaniya logon ney ashcharya seey hamla kiya, jisake parinamswarup pachas seey adhik purtagaliyon kii maut hoe gaee. cabral karkhane parr hamale seey naraj thaa aur usane bandargah mein lunger daale hue duss arab vyaapaari jahaajon koo jabt curr liya, jisamen unake lagbhag chhah sou chaalak dall key sadasya maare gaye aur jahaajon koo jalaane seey pahale unakaa maal jabt curr liya. cabral ney samjhaute key ullanghan key pratishodh mein apane jahaajon koo poore dinn kalikat parr bambari karane kaa bhee adesh diyaa. kochin aur cannore cabral mein sthaaniya shasakon key saath laabhprad sandhiyaan karane mein safal rahey. cabral ney 16 janwari 1501 koo vaapsee kii yatra shuru kii aur 23 juuna 1501 koo 13 mein seey kewal 4 jahaajon key saath purtagaal pahuncha.
1502 mein, purtagaliyon ney pulikat mein ack vyaapaar chauki kaa nirmaan kiya kyonki ack lagoon key muhaane parr isake sthaan ney ise ack mahaan praakritik bandargah banaa diyaa.
nayaa dinn.
bhaarat pahunchane key liye teesara purtagaali abhiyaan joao daa nova kii kamaan mein ravaana huaa aur chaar jahaajon seey banaa thaa, jinhen mukhya roop seey masaale praapt karane aur europe lautane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. maarg mein bede ney dakshin atlantic mein aarohan aur sant helena key dweepon kii khoj kii, aur vishuddh roop seey vaanijyik abhiyaan key roop mein yojana banaae jaane key bavjood, malabar tata parr kalikat key zamorin key jahaajon key saath bede kaa takraav huaa, joe kii purtagaali bhaarat kii pahali mahatvapurna nausainik ladaai thee.
bede koo sealon mein bhee bulaaya jaa sakata haye.
vasco daa gaama.
vasco daa gaama 15 jahaajon aur 800 purushon key saath doosari baar bhaarat aaya, 30 octuber 1502 koo kalikat pahuncha. gaama ney iss baar kalikat seey sabhi musalmaanon koo nishkaasit karane kaa ahwan kiya jise thukra diyaa gayaa. shaasak ney ack sandhi parr hastakshar karane kii ichcha dikhaai, lekin gaama ney shahar parr bambari kii aur chawal key kaee jahaajon parr kabja curr liya, jaba unhein bataaya gayaa kii zamorin padosi shasakon koo usee samay purtagaliyon kaa virodh karane mein unake saath shamil honey key liye sandesh dey rhaa thaa. 
jabaki bhaarat mein gaama ney bhee onor parr hamla kiya, batikal koo sahayak sthiti mein cumm curr diyaa, canor mein ack vyaapaar sandhi aur vyaparik chauki sthaapit kii, aur zamorin seey sambandhit ack bede key saath sangharsh kiya. way sitambar 1503 mein purtagaal laut aae.
afonso dee albuquerq.
1503 kaa abhiyaan pahali baar thaa jaba afonso dee albuquerq apane commander key roop mein bhaarat key liye ravaana huaa thaa. isaki gatividhiyaan kochin key sahayogi raajya key kshetra mein ack kille key nirmaan, zamorin key saath ack shaanti parr hastakshar karane taka seemit theen joe sankshipt saabit hogi, aur kollam parr ack naee vyaparik chauki kholane taka seemit theen.
lopo sores dee albergia.
bhaarat key liye naukaayan karane key liye chhathe purtagaali abhiyaan kii kamaan lopo sores dee alberaria ney sambhali, jinhone kalikat parr bambari kii, duart pacheko pereira koo raahat dee aur kochchi mein purtagaali senaa ney zamorin, barkhast cranganor dwara ack badey hamale seey kshetra kii raksha karate hue, tanoor key raajaa key saath nishtha dikhaai, jisane unhein zamorin key adhirajya seey hataa diyaa, aur anta mein pandaren mein ack badey misra key vyaapaar bede parr kabja curr liya.
foundation (1505-1515).
francisco dee almeida.
25 march 1505 koo, francisco dee almeida koo "bhaarat kaa vaaysaraay" niyukt kiya gayaa, iss shart parr kii vaha dakshin-paschimi bhaaratiya tata parr chaar kille sthaapit karegaah anjediva, cannore, kochin aur quillon mein. francisco dee almeida ney 1,500 purushon key saath 22 jahaajon key bede key saath purtagaal chhod diyaa.
13 sitambar koo, francisco dee almeida anjadeep dweep parr pahunche, jahan unhone turant kille anjediva kaa nirmaan shuru kiya. 23 octuber koo, kolatir key mitravat shaasak kii anumati seey, unhone cannore key sent angelo kille kaa nirmaan shuru kiya, jisamen 150 purushon aur dou jahaajon key saath laureno dee britto koo prabhaari banaaya gayaa.
31 octuber 1505 koo francisco dee almeida kochin pahuncha, jisamen kewal 8 jahaaj bache they. vahaan unhein pataa chalaa kii quillon mein purtagaali vyapariyon koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa. unhone apane bete lurenko dee almeida koo 6 jahaajon key saath bhejane kaa faisala kiya, jinhone quillon key bandargah mein 27 kalikat jahaajon koo nasht curr diyaa. almeida ney kochin mein nivaas kiya aur kille key manual koo majboot kiya.
zamorin ney purtagaliyon kaa virodh karane key liye 200 jahaajon kaa ack badaa bedaa taiyar kiya, lekin march 1506 mein laureno dee almeida (francisco kaa betaa) bandargah key pravesh dwaar parr ack samudri ladaai mein vijayi huaa, cannore kii ladaai (1506), zamorin key bede key liye ack mahatvapurna jhataka thaa. isake baad laurenco dee almeida ney dakshin kii or tateey jall kii khoj kii, joe abb srilanka mein haye. haalaanki, cannore mein, ack nae shaasak ney, joe purtagaliyon key prati shatrutapurna aur zamorin key saath maitripurna thaa, purtagaali senaa parr hamla kiya, jisase cannore kii gherabandi hoe gaee.
1507 mein almeida key mission koo tristao daa kunha key squadron key aagaman seey majboot kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, afonso dee albuquerq kii tukadi purvi africa seey alag hoe gaee thee aur swatantra roop seey paschim mein faras kii khaadi mein kshetron parr vijay praapt curr rahee thee.
march 1508 mein laureno dee almeida kii kamaan key tahat ack purtagaali squadron parr kramshah chaul aur babul mein ack sanyukt mameluk misra aur gujaraat saltanat bede dwara hamla kiya gayaa thaa, jiska netritva admiral mirosem aur melikaaz ney kiya thaa. iss ladaai mein ack bheeshan ladaai key baad laureno dee almeida kii mrityu hoe gaee. haalaanki, deeu kii ladaai mein mamluk-bhaaratiya pratirodh koo nirnaayak roop seey haraaya jaanaa thaa.
afonso dee albuquerq.
varsh 1509 mein, afonso dee albuquerq koo poorv mein purtagaali sampatti kaa doosara rajyapal niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. purtagaali kochin mein apana pahala sanrakshit raajya praapt karane key baad, marshel ferno coutinho key tahat ack nayaa bedaa kalikat key zamorin kii shakti koo nasht karane key liye vishisht nirdeshon key saath aaya. zamorin key mahal parr kabja curr liya gayaa aur shahar koo nasht curr diyaa gayaa aur aag lagaa dee gaee. zamorin kii senaa ney raili kii, jisamen coutinho kii maut hoe gaee aur albuquerq ghayal hoe gayaa. albuquerq apani senaa key saath vaapas chaley gaye aur 1513 mein zamorin kii hatyaa key baad unhone malabar mein purtagaali hiton kii raksha key liye apane uttaradhikari key saath samjhauta kiya, aur kalikat parr ack kilaa banaaya gayaa.
1510 mein, afonso dee albuquerq ney hindu niji timoja kii sahaayata seey bijapur saltanat sultan seey gova parr kabja curr liya, jisase "velha goa" (angreji mein purana goa) shahar mein ack sthaayi basti kii sthaapana hui. gova (dweep) mein vaaysaraay kii seat thee, joe asia mein sabhi sampattiyon parr shasson kartaa thaa.
albuquerq ney 1511 mein malakka shahar aur 1515 mein ormus koo bhaarat raajya mein jodaa. unhone apane sainikon key basane aur mool mahilaaon key saath unaki shaadi koo protsaahit kiya. solahavin shatabdi key madhya mein gova mein lagbhag 2000 "casado" ("vivaahit purush") they. gova mein purtagaali taaj key shasson key liye deshi gair-purtagaali nivaasiyon kaa ack badaa samooh shamil thaa. ise behtar dhang seey praapt karane key liye, albuquerq ney madhyayugeen iberian prakriyaon kaa sahaara liyaah vibhinn dhaarmik samudaayon key logon koo apane-apane samudaayon key pratinidhiyon key tahat apane kaanoonon key anusaar rahane kii anumati dee gaee thee. haalaanki satee pratha koo apavaad banaaya gayaa thaa, jise turant samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. bijapur key aadil shaah key kaaran kuchh karon koo bhee samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. mool mahilaaon koo pahali baar kanuni roop seey sampatti key adhikaaron kii anumati dee gaee thee. gova mein, albuquerq ney ack anath kosh kii sthaapana kii aur lisban mein bhavya aspatal real dee todos oss santos key model parr ack aspatal, "aspatal real dee gova" khola. gova mein bhee shahar key daan, "missicordia" dwara sanchaalit chhote aspatalon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, joe garibon aur mool nivaasiyon kii seva key liye samarpit they.
albuquerq kii neetiyaan unake sainikon key saath-saath sthaaniya aabaadi key beach behad lokpriya saabit huin, vishesh roop seey unake charitragat roop seey nyaay kaa sakht paalan. jaba 1515 mein gova koo dekhate hii albuquerq kii mrityu hoe gaee, tou gova key hindu mool nivaasiyon ney bhee purtagaliyon key saath unake nidhan parr shoke vyakt kiya. nossa senhora daa seraa" ashram mein unake makbare koo sthaaniya hinduon dwara ack mandir mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe nyaay key mamalon mein sahaayata kii maang karate hue, unake samarpan aur seedhi prarthana mein phool chhod dete they, jaba taka kii unake avashesh 1566 mein purtagaal koo vaapas naheen curr diye gaye.
purtagaliyon ney bhaaratiya praaydweep mein apane upaniveshon mein "órfás do Rei" bhee bheja thaa, jinamen seey sabse mahatvapurna gova kaa purvi mahanagar aur bombe-besin kaa sabse badaa praant thaa. "órfás do Rei" (shaabdik roop seey "raajaa key anath"), raajaa dwara sanrakshit anath purtagaali ladakiyan theen, aur purtagaali basane vaalon yaa uchch darje key mool nivaasiyon key saath vaivaahik gathbandhan banaane key liye videshi upaniveshon mein bheji jaati theen.
praarambhik varsh (16veen seey 17veen shatabdi).
1520 mein, purtagaliyon ney rachol shahar parr apana prabhutva badhaaya, kyonki usa varsh, krishnadevarai ney rachol kille parr kabja curr liya aur ise purtagaliyon koo saunp diyaa, isake badale mein dakkan saltanaton key khilaf aapsi raksha samjhauta kiya gayaa.
1526 mein, purtagaal key johnn III ney gova shahar aur usake town holl koo lisban key samaan kanuni sthiti pradaan kii, ack munch mein jisamen shahar key samanya kaanoon aur visheshaadhikaar, isake town holl aur sthaaniya hindu samudaay key baare mein vistrit thaa-vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna thaa kyonki usa samay gova key deshi kaanoon abhee bhee likhe naheen they, isake bajaay bujurgon yaa dhaarmik nyayadhishon kii parishadon dwara niyantrit kiye jaa rahey they aur maukhik roop seey paarit kiye gaye they (iss prakaar durvyavahar key liye pravan).
coromondal kshetra mein aur usake aspas purtagaali bastiyaan theen. madras (chennai) key mylapur pados mein luj church pahala church thaa jise purtagaliyon ney 1516 mein iss kshetra mein banaaya thaa, "saao tome" yaa "saine thom" mandir kaa punarnirmaan unake dwara 1522 mein kiya gayaa thaa. unhone mount, bandra kii hamari mahila, velankanni mandir kii hamari mahila aur chamatkaron kii hamari mahila key cathedral kii basilica mein pahali sanrachanaon kaa bhee nirmaan kiya; joe dakshin asia key mahatvapurna isai teerth sthalon mein seey hain.
uttar konkan kshetra mein gurjar key sultan seey kaee upaniveshon kaa adhigrahan bhee kiya gayaa thaah 1531 mein daamaon koo barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur 1539 mein unhein saunp diyaa gayaa thaa; 1534 mein bombe, chaul aur besin (vasai) key saat dweep salset; 1535 mein diyu koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa. inhen sanyukt roop seey purtagaali bhaarat key uttari praant key roop mein jaanaa jaayega. yeh daman seey chaul taka aur antardeshiya sthaanon mein lagbhag paschim-tata key saath faila huaa thaa. purtagaali bambari key kshetra (praant) kaa shahar kendra besin kille mein aur usake aspas thaa; dakshin konkan desh mein "velha goa" kii rajdhani (metropole) mein vaaysaraay key adheen, bhaaratiya upmahadweep mein anya upaniveshon key saath, jaise kii purtagaali selon aur purtagaali chittagong.
ottoman samrajya ney 1538 mein misra key sultan dwara pradaan kii gaee ack badee senaa kii sahaayata seey misra key ottoman governor suleiman paasha kii kamaan mein chaar maheene key liye ack majboot bede key saath deeu kii gherabandi kii; haalaanki way antatah kaafee nuksan key saath peechhe hatane key liye majboor they. kaptan antonio daa silveira dwara bhaari baadhaon key khilaf dio kii safal raksha vinash kii ladaai thee, joe purtagaali itihas mein sabse prasiddh karnamon mein seey ack haye, aur aksar malta kii mahaan gherabandi kii tulanaa mein haye. iss avsar parr, purtagaliyon ney ack vishal guzeri bambari, tiro dee deeu parr kabja curr liya.
purtagaali abhilekhon key anusaar 1543 mein haija kii mahamari thee, "yeh kahaa jaataa haye kii bimari key niptan seey honey vaali mautein itani adhik theen kii shavon kaa niptan ack durjeya kaary thaa"
16 maee 1546 koo, jesuit missionary francis javier ney portugal key johnn III koo ack patra mein "puraane masihiyon" aur "nae masihiyon" key liye gova jaanch kii sanstha kaa anurodh kiya. gair-isaaiyon parr aadhikarik taur parr utpeedan kiya jaataa thaa, jaanch shuru honey seey pahale bhee. cape comorin mein 30,000 pairavar machuaaron key badey paimaane parr roopaantaran key liye francis zavier ney mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai.
1556 mein, gova mein printing press bhaarat mein pahali baar sent paul college, gova mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. mudran press parr kiye gaye prakashanon key madhyam seey, europe key gyaan aur reeti-rivaajon parr ack khidki khul gaee. jesuit iss europeeya shally kii, dhaatu chala prakaar kii takneek koo 1588 mein chean mein makaao aur 1590 mein japan mein laae. 
17veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka, gova aur aspas key kshetron kii aabaadi lagbhag 250,000 thee. bhaaratiya raajyon dwara baar-baar kiye gaye hamalon key khilaf iss ranneetik bhoomi koo dhaaran karane key liye purushon aur samagri key nirantar mishran kii aavashyakta thee. portugal kii mahatvapurna jeet, jaise kii 1504 mein kochin kii ladaai, 1509 mein deev kii raksha, 1510 mein gova kii vijay, 1538 aur 1546 mein deev kii raksha, aur 1571 mein gova kii raksha seemit shramshakti key saath poori kii gaee thee. apani sabse badee tainaati mein, purtagaali shayed 2,000 seey 3,000 europeeya aur mestico sainikon koo sthaaniya sahayakon kii samaan matra dwara samarthit curr sakate they, jabaki badey bhaaratiya raajya pratyek mein dasiyon hazaaron koo tainaat curr sakate they. sainya praudyogiki (vishesh roop seey jahaajon aur topkhaane key sambandh mein), prashikshan (vishesh roop seey unake bandukdhariyon key kaushal mein), aur ranneeti mein purtagaali shreshthata, unakaa virodh karane vaale bhaaratiya raajyon kii anaikyata key saath, unhein apani sthiti banaae rakhane aur lagaatar apane yuddh jeetane kii anumati dee.
baad key varshon (17veen seey 20veen shatabdi).
17veen shatabdi.
bombe key saat dweepon koo 1661 mein angreji taaj koo prastut kiya gayaa thaa, joe catherine braganza key dahej key hisse key roop mein ingland key charles dwiteeya koo diyaa gayaa thaa, jinhone badale mein iss kshetra koo angreji east india company koo patte parr diyaa thaa.
1683 mein, maraathon ney konkan kshetra mein purtagaali bastiyon key khilaf gherabandi kaa prayaas kiya, lekin koee safalata naheen millie.
kollam (quillon) ack pramukh bandargah thaa aur 1519 seey ack purtagaali basti bunn gayaa, unhone quillon shahar mein tangassery mein ack kabristan kaa nirmaan kiya. dutch east india company key aakraman key baad, dutch ney bhee apane mritakon koo vahaan dafnaya. europeeya logon key aaney seey pahale tangassery key samudri daku kabristan mein rahate they. iss kabristan key avashesh aaj bhee maujood hain, joe tangseri prakashastambh aur sent thomas kille key bahut karib hain, joe bhaarat key puraataatvik sarvekshan mein sanrakshit smarakon mein soochibaddh hain.
18veen shatabdi.
1739 mein besin parr ack aur maratha aakraman key baad british bombe key paas taanaa, besin (vasaai) aur chaul seey banaa adhikansh uttari praant khou gayaa thaa. gova, daman aur deev key saath-saath anjediva koo bhee barkarar rakhaa gayaa thaa kyonki purtagaali senaaon kaa ack bedaa lisban seey aaya thaa, jisamen ack nava niyukt vaaysaraay thaa.
1752 mein, mosambic koo bhaarat raajya seey alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur abb seey isake apane rajyapal dwara shasson kiya gayaa thaa.
yuddhon aur nuksan key baad, purtagaliyon ney 1763 aur 1788 key beach kudal kii mithaai, sonda aur silvasa key bhonsal/maharatta kii keemat parr gova key kshetra kaa vistaar kiya, jise "novas conquistas" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. markis dee pombal key adesh seey, jesuiton koo 1759 mein purtagaal key kshetron seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unhein isai brahmin aur isai seekzatriya dharmaantarit logon dwara sthaapit ack mool gova catholic dhaarmik vyavastha, aur mool abhijaat varg kii dharmnirpeksh shiksha key liye samarpit ack college dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, aur gova kii jaanch koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. pombal key prabhaav seey, raajaa jose ney ghoshana kii kii mool isai europeeya logon key saath khade honey mein barabar they, jabaki iga key vaaysaraay ney dhaarmik swatantrata kii ghoshana kii aur nasleeya ninda koo pratibandhit curr diyaa. inn karanon seey "pombal aur unake sahayogi aaj bhee gova mein bahut sammaanit vyakti hain" 
1783 mein, purtagaali jahaaj santana parr hamale key baad, maraathon ney dadra aur nagar haveli key kshetron kaa niyantran saunp diyaa. purtagaliyon ney taba 1785 mein dadra koo kharida. 1818 taka, maratha sangh key vighatan key baad purtagaali nagar haveli key nirvivaad shaasak they. 
19veen shatabdi.
france kii gova parr kabja karane kii yojana key baare mein sainya khufiya jaankaari key kaaran kalkatta mein british governor-general, welsley key markis ney sainikon koo bheja, gova 1799 seey 1813 taka kuchh samay key liye ack british sanrakshit raajya thaa. purtagaali governor francisco antonio daa vega cabral ney aupchaarik roop seey kabje key prabhaari british adhikaari, surr villium clark koo apane adhikaar key tahat gova mein purtagaali sainikon key commander key roop mein niyukt karke nagrik sansthanon parr niyantran banaae rakhane mein kamyabi hassil kii.
1843 mein, rajdhani koo panaji ("nova goa" yaa nayaa goa) mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, jaba yeh aadhikarik taur parr "estado" kii prashaasnik seat bunn gaee, joe velha goa (purana goa) shahar kii jagah leey gaee, halanki vaaysaraay ney 1 disambar, 1759 seey pahale hii vahaan nivaas curr liya thaa. 1844 mein, bhaarat key purtagaali governor ney makaao, solar aur timore key kshetron kaa prashaasan bund curr diyaa. kewal taba bhaarat raajya kaa kshetra bhaaratiya upmahadweep taka hii seemit thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran purtagaal tatasth thaa. natijatan, shatruta key prakop parr kaee akshiya jahaajon ney british shaahi nausena dwara doobe yaa kabja kiye jaane key bajaay gova mein sharan lii. teen german vyaapaari jahaajon, "ehrenfels", "dretchenfels" aur "branfels" key saath-saath ack italvi jahaaj ney mormugao key bandargah mein sharan lii. ehrenfels" ney bhaaratiya mahasagar mein sanchaalit yuu-naukaaon koo sambaddh jahaaj kii gatividhiyon koo preshit karna shuru curr diyaa, ack aisee kaarravaai joe sambaddh shipping key liye behad hanikarak thee.
lekin british shaahi nausena gova kii kathit tatasthata key kaaran inn jahaajon key khilaf koee aadhikarik kaarravaai karane mein asamarth thee. isake bajaay sou key bhaaratiya mission ney kalkatta halke ghode key sadasyon kaa upayog karke ack gupt chhaape kaa samarthan kiya, joe samanya yuddh seva key liye paatr naheen they. halke ghode ney ack pracheen kalkutta nadee kii naav, "fobe" parr savaar hocker bhaarat key chaaron or yatra kii aur gova gaye, jahan unhone "ehrenfels" koo dubo diyaa. isake baad angrejon ney ack aprakaashit radio sandesh bheja jisamen ghoshana kii gaee kii way iss kshetra parr kabja karane jaa rahey hain. iss chhal ney anya aksh chaalak dall koo apane jahaajon koo iss darr seey kuchal diyaa kii unhein british balon dwara jabt kiya jaa sakata haye.
james lazer kii "boarding party" pustak mein chhaape koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa. britten dwara purtagaali tatasthata kaa ullanghan karane key sambhaavit raajneetik prabhaavon key kaaran, yeh chhaapa 1978 mein pustak prakaashit honey taka gupt rhaa. 1980 mein kahani koo film mein banaaya gayaa, "dha see wolfs", jisamen gregory peck, david niven aur roser moor ney abhinay kiya thaa.
1945 seey 1961 taka.
24 julaai 1954 koo "united front off govans" naamak ack sangathan ney dadra key parikshetra parr niyantran curr liya. 2 agast 1954 koo "aazad gomantak daal" ney nagar haveli koo jabt curr liya thaa.
hegg mein antarrashtriya nyayalaya ney portugal dwara dadra aur nagar haveli taka pahunch key sambandh mein ack "gatirodh" kaa faisala sunaaya.
1954 seey, gova key baahar purtagaali shasson key khilaf "satyagrahiyon" (shantipurna pradarshankariyon) koo kroor bull key madhyam seey hinsak roop seey dabaa diyaa gayaa. kaee aantarik vidrohon koo dabaaya gayaa aur netaaon kii nyaayik roop seey hatyaa curr dee gaee yaa jail bhej dee gaee. natijatan, bhaarat ney purtagaal key saath rajanyik sambandh toda diye, panaji mein apane mahavyavasthapak dutawas koo bund curr diyaa aur maang kii kii purtagaal koo naee dilli mein apane pratinidhimandal koo bund karna chaahiye. bhaarat ney purtagaali gova key kshetron key khilaf aarthik pratibandh bhee lagaa diyaa. bhaarat sarkaar ney 1955 seey 1961 taka purtagaali salazar tanashahi key liye kaee abhyavedan key saath ack rajanyik "prateeksha karein aur dekhein" drishtikon apanaaya, aur antarrashtriya samudaay key saamane upaniveshvaad key mudde koo ujagar karane kaa prayaas kiya.
bhaaratiya antahkshetron mein logon aur vastuon key parivahan kii suvidha key liye, saalaazaar tanashahi ney ack airline, parivahan airways daa india portugesa aur gova, daman aur deev mein havaai addon kii sthaapana kii.
anta mein, disambar 1961 mein, bhaarat ney sainya roop seey shesh purtagaali sampatti parr aakraman kiya. purtagaali senaaon koo yaa tou aakramankariyon koo haraane yaa marane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. antatah, purtagaali bhaarat key rajyapal ney 19 disambar 1961 koo aatmasamarpan key saadhan parr hastakshar kiye, iss prakaar bhaarat mein 450 varshon key purtagaali shasson kaa anta huaa.
annexation key baad.
nae kshetron kii sthiti.
mukt dadra aur nagar haveli 1954 mein apani swatantrata seey 1961 mein bhaarat ganarajya key saath vilay taka ack "vaastavik" swatantra ikai key roop mein maujood they.
dadra aur nagar haveli key vilay key baad, gova, daman aur deev bhaaratiya sangh key nae kshetra bunn gaye. mejar general key pee candeth koo gova, daman aur deev kaa sainya governor ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. gova key pahale vidhaayi chunaav 1963 mein hue they.
1967 mein jack sekira key netritva mein kaaryakartaon dwara prastaavit ack janmat sangrah key baad ack janmat sangrah aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan matadaata yeh taya karenge kii gova koo maratha bahul raajya maharashtra mein vilay kiya jaae yaa naheen, konkan samarthak gutt antatah dayanand bandodkar key netritva mein maharashtravadi gomantak party key khilaf virodh pradarshan key baad jeet gayaa. haalaanki poorna raajya kaa darja turant pradaan naheen kiya gayaa thaa, aur yeh kewal 30 maee 1987 koo thaa kii gova bhaaratiya sangh kaa 25 vaan raajya bunn gayaa, dadra aur nagar haveli, daman aur deev jilon koo vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, aur daman, deev aur silvasa kshetra key roop mein prashaasit kiya jaa rhaa haye.
1961 key baad purtagaali bhaarat mein sabse bhaari parivartan loktaantrik chunaavon kii shuruat key saath-saath sarkaar aur shiksha kii samanya bhasha key roop mein angreji key saath purtagaali key pratisthaapan they. kaee varshon key konkani bhasha andolan key baad, devnagari lipi mein konkani antatah 1987 mein gova, damon aur deev key kendra shaasit pradesh kii aadhikarik bhasha bunn gaee. bhaartiyon ney kuchh purtagaali sansthanon koo aparivartit rahane kii anumati dee. inmein seey "samudayik" kii bhoomi swaamitva pranali thee, jahaan pados key samudaay dwara bhoomi koo taba vyaktiyon koo patte parr diyaa jaataa thaa. bhaarat sarkaar key tahat goviyon ney purtagaali nagrik sanhita gova aur daamaon koo aparivartit chhod diyaa, isaliye way bhaarat mein ack samanya nagrik sanhita vaale ekmatra kshetron key roop mein baney hue hain joe dharm parr nirbhar naheen kartaa haye.
nagrikta.
1955 key nagrikta adhiniyam ney bhaarat sarkaar koo bhaaratiya sangh mein nagrikta koo paribhaashit karane kaa adhikaar diyaa. apani shaktiyon kaa prayog karate hue, sarkaar ney 28 march 1962 koo "gova, daman aur deev (nagrikta) adesh, 1962" paarit kiya, jisamen gova, daman aur deev mein 20 disambar 1961 koo yaa usase pahale paida hue sabhi vyaktiyon koo bhaaratiya nagrikta pradaan kii gaee.
bhaarat-purtagaali sambandh.
purtagaal kii saalaazaar tanashahi ney kabja kiye gaye kshetron parr bhaarat kii samprabhuta koo maanyata naheen dee, aur kshetron key liye nirvaasit sarkaar kii sthaapana kii, jiska pratinidhitva purtagaali rashtriya sabhaa mein jaari rhaa. 1974 kii carnation kranti key baad, naee purtagaali sarkaar ney gova, daman aur deev parr bhaaratiya samprabhuta koo maanyata dee, aur donon raajyon ney rajanyik sambandhon koo bahaal kiya. purtagaal swachaalit roop seey poorv purtagaali-bhaarat key nagrikon koo apani nagrikta detaa haye aur 1994 mein gova mein ack vanijya dutawas khola.
prashaasan.
1505 mein raajya kii sthaapana honey key kshan seey laker 1961 mein ise vighatit kiye jaane taka, governor yaa vaaysaraay kii upaadhi key saath ack adhikaari ney isake sarvocch pradhikaran key roop mein kaary kiya, aamtaur parr teen saal key karyakal key liye, shuru mein sabhi mukut kshetron parr adhikaar key saath. baad vaale khitaab koo ack uchch sammaan key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, jabaki rajshahi bunny rahee, haalaanki unake kartavya rajyapalon key samaan they. way sarvocch sainya commanders key saath-saath prashaasak bhee they, isaliye unakaa adhikaar sashastr balon, kootneeti, vyaapaar, vitt aur kaarmik prabandhan seey sambandhit mamalon parr padata thaa. purtagaal chhodane seey pahale, unhein aadeshon aur uddeshyon kaa ack likhit samooh saunpa gayaa, jise "resiment" kahaa jaataa thaa. vaaysaraay aksar pramukh padon parr raajneetik sahyogiyon key namankan koo prabhaavit karane kaa prayaas karate they. haalaanki, antim kathan mahanagar parr gir gayaa. kaee apane vyaktigat sevakon key saath they, aur inmein aksar mahatvapurna sainya padon parr seva karane key liye apane bete shamil they, aisaa bhaarat key samudra key kaptan-pramukh, vaaysaraay dominico dee almeida key bete, domm lurenko dee almeida kaa mamla thaa. gova parr vijay praapt karane key baad, rajyapal aur vaaysaraay shahar key poorv samprabhu aadil khaan dwara nirmit mool bhaaratiya mahal "palasio doo hidalco" mein rahate they.
raajya kii sabse mahatvapurna prashaasnik sanrachana 16veen shatabdi mein sthaapit kii gaee thee; isamen uchch nyayalaya ("relaco"), vitt kii adheekshan ("vedoria daa fazenda") shamil thee joe ack mukut dwara niyukt "vedor", vittiya lekha karyalaya ("kaisa doses contos") aur sainya registry aur aapoorti karyalaya ("kaisa daa matricula") dwara sanchaalit thaa.
haalaanki, purtagaali swaamitva kii atyant bikhare hue prakriti kaa matlab thaa kii raajya atyadhik vikendrikrit thaa, jisamen gova seey door vyaktigat kille key kaptanon, unake kaptan-generalon yaa town holl dwara mahaan shakti rakhee gaee thee. rajyapalon aur vaaysaraay kii tarah, kille key kaptanon ney teen saal taka seva kii, haalaanki unaki sharton kaa navinikaran kiya jaa sakata thaa. ambon key kaptan-pramukh saancho dee vasconcellos ney 19 varshon taka seva kii. sabse mahatvapurna kaptanon mein, vittiya adhikaar "wedder" (adheekshak) key paas thaa, jabaki nyaayik adhikaar ack "ovidor" ("lokpal") mein nihit thaa. 
church ney raajya mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. pope ney purtagaal key raajaon koo unaki videshi sampatti mein dhaarmik sanrakshan ("padrodo") key liye vishesh church sambandhi adhikaar pradaan kiye they. 1513 key baad purtagaali purvi kshetra madira dweep mein baithe fanchal key bishap kaa hissa they. 1557 key baad gova kochin aur malakka mein adheenasth bishapon key saath ack archbishop kii seat bunn gaee. baad mein 1576 mein makaau mein aur 1588 mein fanai mein aage key seez khole gaye. augustinian, franciscan, dominican aur jesuit key dhaarmik aadeshon ney gova mein mission mukhyalaya sthaapit kiya, jisase catholic church koo bhaarat raajya kii rajdhani mein ack bahut hii drishyamaan upasthiti aur prabhaav milaa, jisake liye isane "poorv kaa rome" kaa upnaam arjit kiya, ack tathya kaee videshi yaatriyon dwara tippani kii gaee.
sabse mahatvapurna bastiyon mein ack "kamara" ("town holl") thaa, jisamen purtagaal key samkaksh shaharon key samaan charter they, aur unhone prashaasan mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, kyonki way ekmatra sansthaan they jinake madhyam seey basane vaale apani raay rakh sakate they aur khud koo suna sakate they. way sthaaniya shasson key liye jimmedaar they, kuchh nagarpalika curr ekatra curr sakate they aur pahali baar mein ack adalat key roop mein kaam curr sakate they. way kabhi-kabhi vaaysaraay koo rinn pradaan karate they, halanki sahyog aksar mushkil hotaa thaa. purtagaali vyapariyon ney aksar apani gair-mukut bastiyon mein apani pahal seey ack "kyamara" sthaapit kiya, jiska sabse mahatvapurna mamla makaau mein leal senado thaa.
purtagaali logon key alawa, raajya aksar gair-purtagaali, gair-isai logon parr bhee shasson kartaa thaa, aur inn mamalon mein aksar paaramparik mool sanrachanaon koo jagah parr chhod diyaa jaataa thaa. jaba afonso dee albuquerq ney gova parr kabja curr liya, tou hindu nivaasiyon koo unaki bhoomi key kabje mein chhod diyaa gayaa; bhoomi-swaamitva aur graam samudaayon key prashaasan kii poorv-purtagaali pranali koo samhitaabaddh kiya gayaa aur brahmin yaa khashtriya gankaron (sharedharakon) key adhikaaron koo maanyata dee gaee, aur curr sangrah hindu timoj aur unake baad lambe samay seey krishna raav parr chhod diyaa gayaa. hormuz mein, albuquerq ney apane mool musalman raajaa koo ack sanrakshit raajya key tahat mukhya prashaasak key roop mein chhod diyaa. jaise-jaise europe mein prati-parivartan ney gati praapt kii, brahmanon koo dome constantino dee bragna key karyakal key dauran purtagaali prashaasan seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa, jisake parinamswarup dharmaantaran kii ack lahar aaee.
vyaapaar aur arthavyavastha.
videshon mein purtagaali vistaar key peechhe vyaapaar praathamik preranaon mein seey ack thaa, aur bhaarat raajya kii neenv key peechhe mukhya uddeshyon mein seey ack europe-asia vyaapaar koo apane niyantran mein lena thaa, usa bindu taka joe mukhya roop seey laal samudra aur faras kii khaadi key madhyam seey sanchaalit hotaa thaa, ise cape maarg key madhyam seey africa key chaaron or punarnirdeshit karna thaa. vyaapaar yaa tou shaahi vyaapaar padon ("pheitorius") seey kaam karane vaale shaahi agents ("pheitorus") key madhyam seey taaj dwara sansaadhit kiya jaataa thaa aur shaahi vitt dwara, yaa swatantra vyapariyon dwara, yaa tou purtagaali yaa anyatha, banaae rakhaa jaataa thaa. 
shaahi karakon key mukhya karyon mein seey ack europe mein vaapas bheje jaane key liye masalon kaa adhigrahan karna thaa. 1503 mein, purtagaliyon ney 30,000 quintall masalon koo lisban mein utaar diyaa, joe kii misra mein alekjendar key madhyam seey chihnit europeeya mein venisiyon dwara pesh kiye gaye masalon seey adhik thaa. purtagaliyon dwara europe mein aayatit vastuon key bhaari hisse mein kaali mirch shamil thee, jise 1520 key baad ack aadhikarik mukut ekadhikar ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. purtagaliyon ney bhaarat mein keral yaa kanara mein apani adhikansh kaali mirch praapt kii. adhikansh shatabdi key liye, purtagaliyon ney europe mein kaali mirch key ayaat kaa ack bhaari hissa hassil kiya, jisase 75 pratishat yaa usase adhik europe kii kaali mirch kii aapoorti hoti thee. mukut ney apani vastuon parr ekadhikar ghoshit curr diyaa, jaise laung, jaifal, gadaa, dalchini, adarak, resham, motee aur purtagaal seey asia mein soney aur chaandi key sarrafa kaa niryaat.
purtagaali taaj ney kaee aadhikarik "carrierus" kii sthaapana kii, jiska shaabdik arth haye "runn", joe gova koo varsh mein ack baar bhaaratiya aur prashant mahasagaron key aspas key pramukh purtagaali aur gair-purtagaali bandargaahon seey jodata haye. shuru mein mukut jahaajon key madhyam seey sanchaalit, 1560 key baad, mukut ney unhein niji thekedaaron koo patte parr denaa shuru curr diyaa, aur 16 veen shatabdi key anta taka way maanak they. 1580 taka, antar-asiai vyaapaar adhikaar patton kaa moolya 20 laakh cruzado taka pahunch gayaa-purtagaali taaj dwara gova-lisban vyaapaar seey arjit moolya seey doguna. 
portugal ney "cartaz" naamak surakshit-maargon kii ack pranali lagu karke bhaaratiya mahasagar vyaapaar koo viniyamit aur punarnirdeshit kiya. yeh bhaarat key paschimi tata parr sabse prabhaavi dhang seey lagu kiya gayaa thaa. purtagaali taaj ney bhee uchch seema shulk bakaaya ekatra kiya, sabse mahatvapurna roop seey gova, harmon, malakka, besin aur deev mein, aur 1580 key dashak mein yeh vaaysaraay key rajaswa kaa 85 pratishat seey adhik thaa. 
swatantra purtagaali vyaapaari antar-asiai vyaapaar mein shamil hoe gaye, aur asia mein anaupchaarik purtagaali upasthiti aur vyaapaar kii reedh eurasian vyapariyon seey bunny thee, joe purtagaali sainikon yaa sthaaniya patniyon seey shaadi karane vaale vyapariyon seey aae they. unaki gatividhiyon kaa mukhya kendra gova kii rajdhani thee, jahan "casado" ("vivaahit purush") kaa sabse badaa samudaay lagbhag 2,000 parivaaron mein sthit thaa. unake vyaapaar kaa mukhya tatva gujaraati sooti vastra thaa, lekin way keral kaali mirch, srilanka seey dalchini, kanara chawal, dakshin bhaarat seey heere aur faras seey laurin bhee khaate they. 1520 taka way japan (joe 1540 key dashak mein pahuncha thaa) key alawa asia mein lagbhag harr vyaavsaayik roop seey praasangik kshetra mein pravesh curr chuke they. makaau kii sthaapana swatantra purtagaali vyapariyon dwara kii gaee thee. mukut samudri dakuon key khilaf suraksha key liye apane vyaapaar koo kaee kafile mein viniyamit kartaa thaa, jinamen seey sabse mahatvapurna way they joe gujaraat seey gova aur chawal koo kanara seey gova leey jaate they. bhaarat mein purtagaali vyapariyon kii doosari sabse mahatvapurna basti kochin thee, jahan 500 "casado" apane parivaaron key saath rahate they. deeu mein lagbhag 200 kii "casado" aabaadi thee.
purtagaali bhaarat company kii sthaapana 1628 mein hui thee, halanki taaj isake ekmatra pramukh sharedharak honey key kaaran, ise paanch saal baad samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. usa samay taka, kaali mirch key vyaapaar mein purtagaal kaa hissa dutch shabd aur angreji shabd seey peechhe reh gayaa thaa.
dutch key saath yuddh seey purtagaali vyaapaar bahut cumm hoe gayaa thaa, jinake saath 1663 mein ack shaanti sandhi parr hastakshar kiye gaye they. antar-bhaaratiya purtagaali kafile jaari rahey, mukhya roop seey gujaraat, porto novo aur madrason key saath. bhaaratiya sooti kapade purtagaali bhaarat seey niryaat kaa aadhar baney, jabaki purtagaali brazil mein ugaaya jaane vaalaa tambaku 19veen shatabdi taka purtagaali bhaarat key madhyam seey asia bhar mein niryaat kii jaane vaali sabse mahatvapurna vastu bunn gaee. 1669 aur 1685 mein sthaapit naee purtagaali purvi bhaarat companiyaan whiffle hoe gaeen, joe mukhya roop seey udyam kii prakriti parr taaj aur vyapariyon key beach asahamati aur niveshakon seey vishvaas kii kamee key kaaran theen. 18veen shatabdi taka, tambaku, sarrafa, agneyastra, upabhokta saman jaise madira sharaab aur kitaaben purtagaali bhaarat mein sabse mahatvapurna vastuon kaa vyaapaar karati theen, jabaki europe koo vaapas niryaat mein resham, masaale, cheeni mitty key bartan, keemati patthar, bhaaratiya sooti kapade aur uchch gunavatta vaale laakh kaa furniture shamil they, joe brazil mein baahiya mein ack achchha anupaat thaa. bhaaratiya sooti kapade mosambic mein vishesh roop seey moolyavaan they, jahan deev yaa daman seey bhaartiyon kaa ack mahatvapurna samudaay rahane key liye aaya thaa. phir bhee, gova prabhaavi roop seey british bombe kaa ack vaanijyik upgrah bunn gayaa. kaee bhaaratiya-purtagaali vyaapaari francisi pandicherry, dennish trankwebar aur vishesh roop seey british madrason, kalkatta aur bombe mein gaharaai seey shamil hoe gaye aur pramukh hoe gaye, purtagaali yahoodiyon koo madrason mein heere key vyaapaar seey jodaa jaa rhaa thaa.
samaaj aur sanskriti.
raajya kaafee hudd taka shahari thaa, kyonki isake honey kaa kaaran achchi tarah seey sanrakshit panaahgaah pradaan karna thaa, jisase vyaapaar aur sanchaar kaa sanchaalan, niyantran aur prabhutva kiya jaa sakata thaa, isaliye kewal gova, daamaon, besin, chaul aur columbo mein koee saarthak bheetari bhoomi aur graameen aabaadi thee. 1500 mein kalikat mein purtagaliyon key "feteria" mein narsamhar key baad, raajya key vyaavhaarik roop seey harr adhikaar koo kileband kiya gayaa thaa, kabhi-kabhi badey paimaane parr, aur iss kaaran seey yeh kille kii ack vishal paridhi key roop mein samudri sanchaar key network key samaan thaa.
purtagaali bhaarat mein ack aisaa samaaj thaa joe aadhikarik taur parr isai aur europeeya thaa, lekin gair-europeeya parivesh seey prabhaavit thaa jisamen ise daala gayaa thaa. samajik pyramid key sheersh parr europeeya mool key vaaysaraay, adhikaari aur paadari they, unake baad purtagaali "casado" aur unake eurasian vanshaj they, joe ameer vyaapaari hoe sakate they yaa sthaaniya "kamara" mein mahatvapurna padon parr hoe sakate they, aur anta mein mool samaaj. asia yaa poorv-africa mein rahane vaale purtagaali aam taur parr europe yaa catholic paadari varg seey apane deshvaasiyon kii tulanaa mein gair-isai maanyataon aur prathaon koo adhik sweekaar curr rahey they. 1600 mein apane charam parr, raajya bhar mein purtagaali "casado" kii kull sankhya shayed lagbhag 5,500 thee. kaee "casado" ney ack aisee jeevan shally kaa paalan kiya joe videshi agantukon koo europeeya manakon dwara ullekhaniya roop seey aaraam aur shandar lugg rahee thee, kuchh bhaaratiya fashion mein susajjit achche gharon mein rahate they, jisamen kaee naukar, prachur matra mein aur vividh bhojan shamil they, jisamen vibhinn prakaar key phal aur murgi shamil they, joe ming cheeni mitty key bartan seey khaaya jaataa thaa. gova key "casado" aksar shirt aur safed patloon pahanate they jabaki unaki patniyaan aamtaur parr saadiyan pahanati theen.
kille key saath-saath, church kii imaraton ney adhikansh purtagaali bastiyon, vishesh roop seey gova mein, key kshitij parr prabhutva jamaaya, jisase shahar koo ack vishisht europeeya aur catholic swaad aur church koo ack uchch profile millie. 1630 mein aashaa key cape key poorv mein shayed 1800 mein seey lagbhag 600 paadari gova mein kendrit they. phir bhee, raajya kii kissy bhee purtagaali basti mein europeeya aur isai eurasian samudaay hamesha ack alpasankhyak thaa, shayed gova key mamle mein 7 pratishat seey adhik naheen, baaki hindu, bhaaratiya isai, anya asiai aur african, swatantra yaa gulam they. 
inn karanon seey, raajya saanskritik roop seey sankar thaa, kyonki yeh europe seey door thaa, churchon key agrabhag aur andaruni hisson key saath purtagaali aur asiai murtikala paramparaon kaa mishran thaa, jabaki gharelu sanskriti isi tarah poorv aur paschim key beach ack samjhauta thee, jisamen furniture, poshak aur bhojan aksar purtagaali kii tulanaa mein adhik asiai they.
daak kaa itihas.
coloney kaa praarambhik daak itihas aspasht haye, lekin niyamit daak kaa 1825 seey lisban key saath adaan-pradaan kiya jaataa haye. purtagaal kaa grate britten key saath ack daak sammelan thaa, itna mell shayed bombe key madhyam seey bheja jaataa thaa aur british packets parr leey jaaya jaataa thaa. purtagaali daak chihn 1854 seey jaane jaate hain jaba gova mein ack dakghar khola gayaa thaa.
purtagaali bhaarat key liye antim niyamit ank 25 juuna 1960 koo rajkumar heinry dha navigator kii mrityu kii 500veen varshgaanth key liye thaa. bhaarat key daak tikaton kaa pahali baar 29 disambar 1961 koo upayog kiya gayaa thaa, halanki puraane daak tikaton koo 5 janwari 1962 taka sweekaar curr liya gayaa thaa. purtagaal ney khoye hue upanivesh key liye daak tikat jaari karna jaari rakhaa lekin coloney key dakgharon mein bikri key liye kissy kii bhee peshkash naheen kii gaee thee, isaliye unhein vaidh daak tikat naheen maanaa jaataa haye.
22 disambar 1961 seey 4 janwari 1962 taka dohri shreni koo sahan kiya gayaa thaa. aupaniveshik (purtagaali) postmark koo maee 1962 taka sahan kiya gayaa thaa.