
gioa tauro

gioya tauro () tyrenian tata parr regio calabria (itali) key mahanagariya shahar mein ack "commune" (nagarpalika) haye. isamen ack mahatvapurna bandargah haye, joe suez seey gibralter koo jodane vaale maarg parr sthit haye, joe duniya key sabse vyast samudri galiyaron mein seey ack haye.
itihas.
gioya tauro mein 2500 seey adhik varshon seey lagaatar nivaas kiya gayaa haye. lagbhag 400 eesaa poorv seey yahaan yunani upaniveshvaadi rahate they joe ise matauros yaa metauros () kahate they. solinus ney likhaa kii yeh zankle key yoonaniyon dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 
yeh dakshini itali (magna gracia) kii bastiyon mein seey ack chhote pracheen yunani kendron mein seey ack thaa. kahaa jaataa haye kii pracheen kavi staciturus kaa janm vaheen huaa thaa. avashesh puraane shahar gioya tauro mein thodaa aur antardeshiya hain joe tyrehanian samudra koo dekhate hue oopar kii or haye.
1970 key dashak mein, 1970 mein regio calabria mein hinsa key visfot key baad, gioya tauro dakshini itali mein audyogik vikas kaa mukhya kendra thaa, joe kendra sarkaar kii iss kshetra kii upeksha parr hatasha kaa sanket detaa haye. ack badey ispat sanyantra aur bandargah suvidha kaa nirmaan calabria mein aaya aur naukariyon koo laane key liye thaa. taba taka gioya taauro ack utpaadak aur sunder krishi kshetra thaa. laabhdaayak kheton aur zaitoon key baagon koo jabt curr liya gayaa aur dhwast curr diyaa gayaa.
calabria mein sthit mafiya-prakaar key aaparaadhik sangathan 'indrangeta' aur vishesh roop seey piromalli kabile ney 1979 mein pariyojana koo chhodane taka ispat key nirmaan kaa shoshan kiya, jaba ispat udyog mein sankat koo abb nazarandaj naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa aur sarkaar ney faisala kiya kii isake liye koee aarthik aadhar naheen thaa. iss beach nirmaan anubandhon parr sangharsh mein lagbhag 1,000 loga maare gaye. kuchh samay key liye gioya tauro kii hatyaa kii darr newyork shahar kii tulanaa mein adhik thee.
isake baad, paryavaraniya samasyaon key kaaran ack prastaavit vidyut oorjaa kendra kabhi naheen banaaya gayaa. gioya tauro usa viphalata kaa ack udaaharan bunn gayaa joe itali key dakshin key vikas koo "vikas key binaa audyogikaran" key roop mein darshaata haye."
gioya tauro bandargah.
bandargah mein saat loading dock hain, joe itali mein sabse badaa aur europe mein satwan sabse badaa container bandargah haye, jisamen 2007 mein 3,000 seey adhik jahaajon seey aiss kaa utpaadan huaa haye. 2018 mein bandargah europeeya sangh key container yatayat key liye aathven sthaan parr thaa, joe adhik pravaah parr thaa.
2002 mein rashtriya yatayat kaa ack tihai seey adhik hissa bandargah seey hocker chalaa gayaa; yeh parivahan gatividhiyon mein visheshagyata rakhta haye, malta key bandargah koo sanyukt raajya america aur sudur poorv mein aaney-jaane vaale videshi yatayat key liye node key roop mein pratisthaapit kartaa haye.
bandargah mein kaam karane vaalaa mukhya sanchaalak medcenter container terminal (medcenter, contship) haye.
'bandargah kaa niyantran.
2006 kii ack report key anusaar, italvi jaanchkartaon kaa anuman haye kii europe kaa 80 pratishat kokeen columbia seey gioya tauro key bandargaahon key madhyam seey aataa haye. bandargah avaidh hathiyaron key vyaapaar mein bhee shamil haye. inn gatividhiyon koo 'indrangeta' dwara niyantrit kiya jaataa haye. 2014 mein us aff. bee. aaee. aur italvi pulis ney drugs aur hathiyaron key liye ack nae taskari maarg koo todane key uddeshya seey ack sanyukt abhiyaan mein giraftari kii, jisake baare mein adhikaariyon ney kahaa kii yeh newyork key gambino aparaadh parivaar aur 'endrangheta' koo ack saath laaya thaa. yeh aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa kii aaparaadhik sangathanon key pratinidhiyon ney sanyukt raajya america mein kokeen aur heroin koo gioya tauro seey bhejane kii yojana parr charcha kii, ack aff. bee. aaee. gupt agent koo heroin seey adhik bechane key baare mein socha, yeh sochkar kii ise sanyukt raajya bhar mein vitarit kiya jaayega. ack mafiya visheshagya ney kahaa kii americi mafiya samajh gaye they kii cicilian kosa nasika itani kamjor hoe gaee thee kii isane 'indrangeta' koo badhane diyaa.
1970 key dashak mein, isai loktaantrik italvi sarkaar (vampanth key sakriya protsaahan key saath) ney calabria mein desh key sabse badey ispat sanyantron mein seey ack kaa nirmaan karane key liye dasiyon arabon dollar kaa viniyog (aur barbad) kiya, lekin ispat udyog mein sankat key kaaran pariyojana koo chhod diyaa gayaa...
sarkaar ney antatah gioya tauro (bhoomadhyasagariya kshetra mein chhathaa sabse badaa) mein ack vishal bandargah kaa nirmaan puuraa kiya, joe mool roop seey ispat sanyantra kii seva key liye thaa...[alex] perry [apani pustak, "achchi maataaenh duniya key sabse shaktishali mafiya kaa saamana karane vaali mahilaaon kii sachchi kahani", villium moro prakashakon, 2018 mein nott kiya gayaa haye kii 'gioya tauro koo europe seey jodane vaali railway bandargah seey dedh kilometres cumm doori parr rook gaee, jiska arth haye kii sabhi maal'-kanuni aur avaidh-'sabse badey bhoomadhyasagariya container bandargaahon mein seey ack seey mafiya key swaamitva vaale trucks parr load kiya jaanaa thaa aur station taka teen minut taka chalaaya jaanaa thaa.bandargah key vaidh vyavasaay ney haal key varshon mein sangharsh kiya haye, isamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii yeh mafiya niyantran kaa parinam haye."
breaking dha silence inn calabria", alekjendar still, dha newyork review off books, khand. lxvi, naheen. 16 (24 octuber, 2019)
piromalli-molle kabila nae container terminal key prabandhan koo niyantrit karane mein kamyab rhaa. 1990 key dashak key madhya mein sthaapit, yeh bhoomadhyasagariya kshetra mein sabse badaa terminal bunn gayaa, 1998 mein 20 laakh seey adhik containers koo sthanantarit kiya gayaa. 1994 key baad seey, jaba contship italia ney parivahan gatividhi shuru karane key liye bandargah kshetra koo kiraaye parr liya aur raajya vittaposhan mein 138 billion lear (lagbhag 86 million americi dollar) key kaaran medcenter container terminal sthaapit kiya gayaa, tou piromalis kaa uddeshya apane upaadhyaksh walter lugli key madhyam seey medcenter company koo baadhya karna thaa, aur contship company, apane adhyaksh enrico ravno key madhyam seey, pratyek transhipped container key liye hamein 1.5 dollar kii kickback kaa bhugtan karna thaa, joe donon companiyon dwara arjit shuddh laabh kaa lagbhag aadhaa thaa.
farwari 2008 mein sansadiya mafiya virodhi aayog ney nishkarsh nikala kii 'indrangeta' bandargah key aspas kii aarthik gatividhi key ack badey hisse koo niyantrit kartaa haye yaa prabhaavit kartaa haye aur iss suvidha kaa upayog avaidh taskari key liye ack aadhar key roop mein kartaa haye."apani report mein kahaa gayaa haye kii" aantarik yaa upa-anubandhit gatividhiyon kaa puuraa gaama mafiya-prabhaavit haye, vitaran key prabandhan aur seema shulk niyantran aur container bhandaran key liye agreshan seey."raavan aur anubandh kii jabaran vasuli ack aisee pariyojana kaa hissa thee jisamen" "kewal yeh suraksha curr shamil naheen thaa, joe bandargah key saath badhaa, balki bandargah seey judee gatividhiyon kaa niyantran, shramikon kii bharti, aur bandargah sanghon aur sthaaniya sansthanon key saath sambandh bhee shamil they. "isane maal aur sevaaen pradaan karane, nirmaan kaary karane aur karmiyon koo kaam parr rakhane mein mafiya seey prabhaavit yaa niyantrit naheen honey vaali companiyon seey vaidh pratispardha koo prabhaavi dhang seey samaapt curr diyaa. aur isane sthaaniya sarkaar aur anya saarvajanik nikaayon key vyavhaar parr ack chhaaya daal dee."
'nagar parishad kii 'indrangeta ghuspaith'.
1991 mein 'indrangeta' dwara ghuspaith key kaaran gioya tauro kii nagar parishad bhang curr dee gaee thee. aprail 2008 mein, ise doosari baar isi kaaran seey bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh shahar kaee 'endrine' kaa ghar haye, jaise kii alvarro, mammolity, moll aur piromalli parivaar.
gioya tauro key poorv mahapour aur upa mahapour, giorgio daal torion aur rosario shiavon koo 13 octuber, 2008 koo mafiya key aarop mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. donon koo aprail mein pada chhodane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa, jaba mafiya ghuspaith key sandeh mein shahar parishad koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 'indrangeta boss gioachino piromalli koo bhee unake bhatije key saath giraftar kiya gayaa thaa, jiska naam bhee gioachino piromalli haye, joe ack vakeel haye. mahapouron parr yuva piromalli koo niyukt karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. pulis kaa maanana haye kii kanuni kaam ack aisaa morcha thaa jisase pyromalis gioya tauro key bandargah dwara utpann vyavasaay key ack tukade koo phir seey hassil curr sakein.

