vampanthi vipaksh

vampanthi vipaksh () 1923 seey 1927 taka russie communist party (bee) key bheetar ack gutt thaa jiska netritva leone trotsky ney kiya thaa. vampanthi vipaksh kaa gathan trotsky dwara naukarshahi key patan key khilaf sangharsh karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa joe bolshevik key sansthaapak vladmir lenin kii gambhir bimari key dauran stallin key netritva mein party netritva key bheetar shuru huaa thaa. janwari 1924 mein lenin kii mrityu key baad patan tej hoe gayaa. mool roop seey, trotsky aur unake samarthakon key beach yuddh rekhaaen kheenchi gaeen, jinhone ack taraf octuber 1923 mein 46 kii ghoshana parr hastakshar kiye aur doosari or commintern key adhyaksh grigori zinovieve, communist party key mahasachiv joseph stallin aur politburo key adhyaksh lev kamenev key ack trayi (jise isake russie naam "troica" seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye).
vampanthi vipaksh ney tark diyaa kii naee aarthik neeti ney niji kshetra koo soviyat arthavyavastha mein teji seey mahatvapurna sthiti praapt karane kii anumati dekar soviyat sangh koo kamjor curr diyaa thaa, jabaki unaki raay mein, arthavyavastha kaa kendriya roop seey niyojit, samajik kshetra (jisamen jyaadaatar raajya dwara sanchaalit bhaari udyog shamil they jinhen naa kewal nirantar audyogikaran key liye balki raksha key liye bhee aavashyak maanaa jaataa thaa). munch ney raajya seey badey paimaane parr audyogikaran key liye ack karyakram apanaane aur krishi key mashinikaran aur saamoohikkaran koo protsaahit karane kaa ahwan kiya, jisase utpaadan key sadhanon kaa vikas hoe aur soviyat sangh koo paschimi poonjiwadi deshon key saath samaantaa kii or badhane mein madad mille, jisase arthavyavastha kaa anupaat bhee badhega joe arthavyavastha key samajik kshetra kaa hissa thaa aur nishchit roop seey soviyat sangh koo utpaadan key samajwadi tareeke kii or leey jaayega.
sahee vipaksh bhee thaa, jiska netritva pramukh party key siddhantkar aur "pravada" sampaadak nikolai bukharin ney kiya thaa aur jise sovanarkam key adhyaksh (pradhaan mantri) alexei raikov aur aul-union kendriya trade union parishad key adhyaksh mikhail tomsky ney samarthan diyaa thaa. 1924 key anta mein, jaise hii stallin ney ack desh key siddhant mein apane nae samaajvaad kaa prastaav rakhaa, stallin ney sahee vipaksh key karib aakar agale varsh dheere-dheere grigori zinovieve aur lev kamenev key saath apane "triumveerate" koo toda diyaa (zinovieve aur kamenev donon koo 1936 mein nishpaadit kiya gayaa thaa). 1924 key anta seey sahee vipaksh ney stallin key kendra key saath gathbandhan kiya thaa, jaba taka kii kulakon aur nepan key prati ranneeti koo laker 1928-1930 seey unakaa gathbandhan toot naheen gayaa. trotsky aur vaam vipaksh mein unake samarthakon koo ekjut (yaa sanyukt) vipaksh banaane key liye loktaantrik kendriyavaad key samooh dwara shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
itihas.
vampanthi vipaksh aur "trikoniya" key beach pahala takraav audyogikaran neetiyon koo laker octuber 1923 seey janwari 1924 taka huaa. janwari 1924 mein hue xiii party sammelan mein "triumveerate" ney nirnaayak jeet hassil kii. janwari 1924 mein lenin kii mrityu key baad, vampanthi vipaksh aur "triumveerate" key beach takraav adhik khule taur parr trotsky kii neetiyon parr vivaad mein fail gayaa, jisamen "triumveerate" ney trotsky kii neetiyon parr "virodhi-leninist" honey kaa aarop lagaaya. maee 1924 mein communist party kii xiith congress mein, vaam vipaksh key kharch parr "triumveerate" kii sthiti koo aur majboot kiya gayaa thaa. ack aur takraav octuber seey disambar 1924 taka huaa, tathaakathit "saahityik charcha" key dauran aur trotsky kii sthaayi kranti neeti kii aalochana key dauran, kyonki ack desh mein samaajvaad kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa thaa. isake parinamswarup 6 janwari 1925 koo trotsky koo unake mantri pada seey hataa diyaa gayaa, halanki stallin ney zinovieve kii maang kaa virodh kiya kii trotsky koo communist party seey nishkaasit kiya jaae.
trotsky key badey paimaane parr haashiye parr rahane key kaaran, zinovieve aur kamenev kaa aprail 1925 mein XIV vein communist party sammelan mein stallin key octuber 1924 key "ack desh mein samaajvaad" key prastaav parr stallin key saath matbhed huaa thaa, jiska zinovieve aur kamenev ney abb khule taur parr virodh kiya thaa. iss samay taka, sahee vipakshi netaa, bukharin ney ack desh kii neeti mein stallin key samaajvaad parr vistaar seey bataaya thaa, jisase ise ack saiddhaantik auchitya milaa thaa. isane sahee vipaksh koo stallin key mukhya sahyogiyon key roop mein majboot kiya, kyonki haal key varshon seey stallin-zinovieve-kamenev kaa "triumveerate" toot gayaa. aprail 1925 key sammelan key turant baad, zinovieve aur kamenev ney nayaa vipaksh banaaya, lekin unhein stallin dwara haraaya gayaa, jinhen disambar 1925 mein XIVth party congress mein bukharin aur raikov dwara phir seey samarthit kiya gayaa thaa. congress mein apani haar key turant baad, zinovieve aur kamenev 1926 kii shuruat mein trotsky key vaam vipaksh key saath senaa mein shamil hoe gaye, jise sanyukt vipaksh key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. julaai seey octuber 1926 taka, sanyukt vipaksh stallin seey haar gayaa, aur isake netaaon koo sattaaroodh polit beuro seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa.
octuber 1927 mein, 1925-27 kii cheeni kranti key sambandh mein vinashkari ghatnaaon key turant baad, jisane rashtravadi kumintang key liye communist party key samarthan key sanyukt vipaksh key aalochanatmak vishleshan kii pushti kii, antim sanyukt vipakshi sadasyon koo communist party kii kendriya samiti seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa; aur navambar 1927 mein, trotsky aur zinovieve koo communist party seey hii nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa. disambar 1927 mein, XVth party congress ney vampanthi vipaksh aur trotskywadi vichaaron koo communist party kii sadasyata key saath asangat ghoshit kiya aur sabhi pramukh vampanthi vipakshi samarthakon koo party seey nishkaasit curr diyaa.
XVth congress dwara unake nishkasana key baad, zinovieve, kamenev aur unake samarthakon ney turant stallin key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa, "apani galatiyon koo sweekaar curr liya" aur 1928 mein communist party mein phir seey shamil curr liya gayaa, halanki unhone kabhi bhee apana poorv prabhaav hassil naheen kiya aur antatah mahaan shuddhikaran mein nasht hoe gaye. doosari or, trotsky aur unake samarthakon ney stallin key saamane aatmasamarpan karane seey incar curr diyaa aur 1928 kii shuruat mein soviyat sangh key dooradraj key kshetron mein nirvaasit curr diye gaye. trotsky koo antatah farwari 1929 mein desh seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa, jise turkey mein nirvaasan mein bhej diyaa gayaa. trotsky key samarthak nirvaasan mein baney rahey, lekin 1929 mein unakaa sankalp dagmaga jaanaa shuru hoe gayaa kyonki stallin ney bukharin aur raikov key khilaf rukh kiya aur saamoohikta kii neeti koo apanaaya, joe vaam vipaksh dwara pahale kii gaee neetiyon key karib prateet hoti thee. vaam vipaksh ney 1929 key chunaavon mein aadhikarik communist party key ummidvaaron key khilaf vipakshi ummidvaaron koo maidan mein utaarane kaa prayaas kiya, lekin koee fayda naheen huaa. adhikansh (lekin sabhi naheen) pramukh vampanthi sadasya 1929 aur 1934 key beach peechhe hutt gaye, lekin way lagbhag sabhi 1930 key dashak key madhya key mahaan shuddhikaran key dauran vipakshiyon key saath maare gaye joe aprasann rahey.
isake kuchh sadasyon ney apane puraane vichaaron koo chhodane kaa daavaa karate hue ussr mein bhoomigat virodh mein bhaag liya. way, jaise main.aine. smirnov, yahaan taka kii trotsky aur unake bete sedov key saath bhee sampark banaae rakhaa. iss avadhi key dauran, trostickists ney kaee anya samoohon key saath ack vipakshi gutt mein pravesh kiya, udaaharan key liye poorv dakshinpanthi vipaksh key sadasya. itihaaskaar piyare brow ney kahaa kii 1933 kii shuruat mein vipakshi samoohon koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jaba isake kaee sadasyon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, 2018 mein paae gaye kuchh dastavejon seey pataa chalaa kii bhoomigat vaam vipaksh jail mein bhee sakriya rhaa, vaastav mein, jail unaki gatividhiyon kaa kendra bunn gaee.
iss beach, trotsky ney 1930 mein antarrashtriya vaam vipaksh kii sthaapana kii. yeh commintern key bheetar ack vipakshi samooh honey key liye thaa, lekin commintern key sadasyon koo turant nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa jaise hii way ilo mein shamil hue (yaa shamil honey kaa sandeh thaa). isaliye ilo ney nishkarsh nikala kii stallin key samarthakon dwara niyantrit communist sangathanon key bheetar seey stallinwad kaa virodh karna asambhav hoe gayaa thaa, isaliye nae sangathanon kaa gathan karna padaa. 1933 mein, ilo kaa naam badalkar antarrashtriya communist leag (aaee. see. ell.) curr diyaa gayaa, joe 1938 mein peris mein sthaapit chauthe antarrashtriya kaa aadhar banaa.

