chutixtiox

chutixtiox (vaikalpik roop seey zutixtiox, yaa sakapultek bhasha mein chuu 'textiox) aadhunik guatemala key quitche vibhaag mein sakapulas key paas pracheen maaya sabhyata kaa ack puraataatvik sthal haye. iss sthal kii khudai 20veen shatabdi key dauran ack dwara kii gaee thee. leadyard smith. sthal parr khudai kiye gaye cheeni mitty key sakshya kyu 'umarkaj kii rajdhani key saath ack ghanishth sambandh kaa sujhaav dete hain. chutixtiox ack aisee rajneeti mein ack basti hoe sakati haye jisamen chutinamit aur zolpacol key aas-paas key sthal shamil they.
yeh sthal uttar-shaastriya kaal key anta mein banaaya gayaa haye aur dou alag-alag vaastushilp charanon koo darshaata haye, jisamen antim charan kyu 'umarkaj key aspas key kendriya kitche kshetra key saath nikat samaantaa pradarshit kartaa haye. yeh jaatiya-aitihaasik dastavejon seey mell khaata haye joe 15 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein kendriya kitche dwara iss kshetra kii vijay kaa varnan karate hain. iss sthal kii pehchaan kumatz samooh kii basti key roop mein kii gaee haye, jise "lokpriya wuh" mein iss kshetra mein pravaas key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.
sthaan.
yeh sthal ack uchch parvat shrinkhala parr sthit haye, joe baad mein que 'iche' maaya key prabhutva vaale kshetra mein haye. iss parvat shrinkhala seey riyo nigro kii ack krishi ghaati dikhaai detee haye. yeh sthal bhaari roop seey kileband thaa aur ghaati koo niyantrit karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale uttar-shaastriya que 'iche' kii basti hoe sakati haye. chutixtocks tuja key samkaaleen sthal key paschim mein haye. yeh sthal teen taraf seey nadee mein girati chattanon seey ghiraa huaa haye. chauthi taraf yeh ack lambi katak seey ack sankeern gardan key madhyam seey judati haye. haalaanki yeh sthal neeche key upajaau baadh key maidanon parr haavi haye, lekin yeh sthal khud shushk haye; vanaspati mein kantedar babool aur cacti hotey hain.
niptan sandarbh.
syremic sakshya iss sthal koo uttar shaastriya kaal key anta taka bataate hain (see. 1200-1524 ad). praarambhik charan key mitty key bartanon kii ack mahatvapurna matra baramad kii gaee (see. 1200-1350), lekin adhikansh cheeni mitty key bartan antim charan (c. 1350-1524) aur yeye kyu 'umarkaj key samkaaleen cheeni mitty key saath majboot samaantaon kaa pradarshan karate hain, joe iss charan key dauran donon sthalon key beach ghanishth sambandhon kaa sujhaav dete hain. sthal vastukala kaa bhee rajdhani kii vastukala seey nikat sambandh haye, jisamen paschim kii or vaale mandir, paarshv sanrachanaon kaa samaan leout, pravesh dwaar parr ack rakshaatmak khaai aur plaster seey lepit plaza kaa farsh haye. rajdhani mein darshaae gaye vishisht key 'iche' basti pattern mein bhee mahatvapurna antar hain; ballcourt poorv-paschim kii or unmukh naheen haye, vastukala ack khadee rakshaatmak deewaar key saath ack acropolis parr sthaapit haye, aur mukhya mandir radial thaa. anveshak johnn fox ney sujhaav diyaa kii antar praarambhik charan key niptan pattern kaa pratinidhitva curr sakate hain, isase pahale kii site kendriya kitche kshetra key prabhaav mein aaa jaae, aur samaantaaen kyu 'umarkaj key saath baad key karibi sambandh kaa parinam hain.
kitche' mahakavya 'popul wuh' mein chaar samoohon kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye joe sakpulon key aspas buss gaye they; yeye lamakib, kumatz, tuhal haa aur uchba haa they. kumatz abb nadee key uttar kii or seey judaa huaa haye, aur chutixtocks kumatz hoe sakata haye. praarambhik aupaniveshik swadeshi "cachicals key itihas" aur "titulo expantje dwiteeya" donon bataate hain kii 15 veen shatabdi esvi kii shuruat mein kendriya kitche dwara kumatz parr vijay praapt kii gaee thee. yeye jaatiya-aitihaasik dastavej sthal key puraatatva mein pramaanit majboot kendriya prabhaav seey nikatata seey mell khaate hain.
site kaa vivaran.
chutixtocks kaa sabse pahala puraataatvik anveshan aeye dwara kiya gayaa thaa. 1955 mein leadyard smith. site lagbhag 30 sanrachanaon koo shamil karati haye, jinamen seey lagbhag aadhe mukhya plaza key aspas samoohbaddh hain.
bachaav.
ack rakshaatmak deewaar aur aspas kii chattanon dwara pradaan kii gaee atirikt suraksha key saath, chutixtocks ack atyadhik rakshaatmak sthaan parr haye. dou sthaanon parr jahaan nadee kii boond poori tarah seey naheen haye, praakritik dhalaan koo majboot kiya gayaa haye. sthal key uttar kii or nadee kii or paschim kii or ack komal dhalaan koo pahaadi kii choti seey nadee key kinare taka neeche kii or ack oonchi deewaar key saath majboot kiya gayaa thaa. uttar-poorv kii or nadee kii dhalaan swabhavik roop seey khadee haye, lekin oopar kii or ack urdhvaadhar boond pesh karane key liye kaat diyaa gayaa thaa. uttar-paschim kii or, rakshaatmak deewaar key oopari chhor key karib, chutixtocks kaa ack hii pravesh dwaar thaa. drishtikon kii raksha key liye site koo buggle kii katak seey jodane vaali bhoomi kii gardan mein ack rakshaatmak khaai koo kaat diyaa gayaa thaa.
vastukala.
sthal key mool mein ack plaza kaa samarthan karane vaalaa ack acropolis hotaa haye, jisake chaaron or dou sanrachanaon koo chhodkar sabhi nagrik vastukala vyavasthit hoti haye. acropolis kii chhat aspas key star seey oopar uthati haye, aur isamen ander kii chinai kii deevaaren hain. acropolis star taka pahunchane key liye paanch seedhiyon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. chinai achchi tarah seey sanrakshit haye aur cutt skistose slab seey banaai gaee haye. kuchh sthaanon parr baad key nirmaan charan mein taiyar choona patthar key khandon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. chinai koo plaster seey lepit kiya gayaa thaa. sthal parr adhikansh sanrachanaaen mukhya dishaaon key saath sanrekhit hain. sthal parr lambi sanrachanaon mein corble walting kii visheshta thee, joe maaya key nichale ilaakon seey praapt ack vaastushilp roop haye.
mukhya plaza.
site key mukhya plaza mein ack radial pyramid haye jisake pratyek taraf ack seedhi haye; yeh lamba haye. pyramid key uttar aur dakshin kii or lagbhag samamit vaastushilp parisar hain, jisamen ack lambi parishad-bhawan sanrachana aur pratyek lambi sanrachana aur radial mandir key poorv chhor key beach ack chhota mandir haye. buggle key mandir lagbhag oonche hain, aur pratyek mein ack paschim kii or mukhi seedhi thee. plaza key buggle mein lambi sanrachanaon mein seey pratyek mein ack besal platform parr ack kamra thaa, jisamen peeth peechhe aur buggle kii divaaron key khilaf rakhee gaee thee. ack besal platform maap parr khadee lambi sanrachanaon mein seey ack.
sanrachana 10 mein ack patthar seey dhaki kabr thee, joe aaytaakaar roop mein thee, jisake dwaar koo patthar key slab seey seal curr diyaa gayaa thaa. sanrachana 12 ack chhota saa mandir thaa jisake chaaron or dwaar they. khudai key dauran, sanrachana 3 kii seedhi key aadhar parr ack jhoolate hue jaguar kii ack achchi tarah seey sanrakshit moorti kaa pataa chalaa, joe lambi sanrachanaon mein seey ack haye, aur ack jaguar kii ack aadamkad gadde kii moorti mukhya plaza key buggle mein uttari lambi sanrachana key dusare makbare key neeche mrit vyakti key saath dafnai gaee thee.
ballcourt apane pramukh aksh key saath maapata haye aur uttar-dakshin seey 15-17 ° sanrekhit haye. yeh plaza key kinare, ack nichali chhat parr sthit haye, aur ise plaza parisar kaa ack hissa maanaa gayaa hoga. khel kshetra kii deevaaren lagbhag urdhvaadhar hain, aur ballcourt kii purvi seema kaa sheersh mukhya plaza key buggle key tala key samaan star parr haye.
maadhyamik plaza.
ballcourt key samaan star parr ack maadhyamik plaza haye jisamen ack doobe hue court key saath ack asamanya lambi sanrachana haye. oopari sanrachana mein swatantra roop seey khadee chinai kii deevaaren theen, jisamen ack hii kamra thaa jisamen bench theen. divaaron key sheersh key paas chhed mein shayed lakadi kii kiranen theen joe lakadi kii chhat koo sahaara detee theen. lambi sanrachana mein ack oonchaa plaster ring thaa joe oonchaa khadaa thaa, aur isake paar maap rhaa thaa. dwiteeyak plaza mein ack vedi lambi sanrachana key saath haye.
anya sanrachanaaen.
site kii paschimi chhaton parr kaee nichale aavaasiya platform sthit hain. kahaa jaataa haye kii ack bhoomigat maarg khandharon seey nadee taka leey jaataa haye, lekin puraatatvavid isake astitva kii pushti karane mein asamarth they.

