cruzen vee. nideshak, misauri swaasthya vibhaag

cruzen vee. nideshak, misauri swaasthya vibhaag, 497 yuu.aiss. 261 (1990), sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya kaa ack aitihaasik nirnay thaa jisamen ack yuva vayask aksham shamil thaa. adalat dwara sunaa gayaa pahala "marane kaa adhikaar" mamla, "cruzen" 6 disambar, 1989 koo bahas kii gaee thee, aur 25 juuna, 1990 koo faisala sunaaya gayaa thaa. 5-4 key faisale mein, adalat ney misauri key sarvocch nyayalaya key pahale faisale kii pushti kii aur misauri raajya key paksh mein faisala sunaaya, yeh paate hue kii jeevan samarthan koo hataane key liye ack rogi kii ichchhaon key "spasht aur vishvasaniya saboot" kii aavashyakta sweekarya thee. iss mamle kaa ack mahatvapurna parinam agrim swaasthya nirdeshon kaa nirmaan thaa.
prishthabhoomi.
11 janwari, 1983 koo tatkalin 25 varsheeya nancy cruzen (janm 20 julaai, 1957) ney carthage, misauri key paas raat mein gaadi chalaate samay apani kaar parr niyantran khou diyaa. usey vaahan seey fenk diyaa gayaa aur paani seey bharee khaai mein neeche gir gaee. paramedics ney usey koee mahatvapurna sanket naheen paaya, lekin unhone usey punarjeevit kiya. teen saptah komaa mein rahane key baad, unhein ack sthaayi vanaspati avastha (pee. vee. aiss.) mein honey kaa pataa chalaa. shalyachikitsakon ney usaki deerghakaalik dekhbhal key liye ack feeding tube daali.
1988 mein, cruzen key maataa-pitaa ney usake doctors seey usaki feeding tube koo hataane key liye kahaa. aspatal ney adalat key adesh key binaa aisaa karane seey incar curr diyaa, kyonki tube koo hataane seey cruzen kii maut hoe jaayegi.
crusions ney feeding tube koo hataane key liye adalat kaa adesh daayar kiya aur praapt kiya. nichali adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii samvaidhaanik roop seey, ack "maulik praakritik adhikaar" haye... jaba vyakti key paas sangyanatmak mastishk kaary naheen haye tou kritrim jeevan-deergh prakriyaon koo rokane yaa vaapas lene seey incar karna yaa nirdesh denaa... aur aage thheek honey kii koee ummeed naheen haye."adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii cruzen ney usa saal kii shuruat mein ack dost seey yeh kahakar jeevan rakshak koo vaapas lene kaa prabhaavi roop seey 'nirdesh' diyaa thaa kii aggar vaha beemar yaa ghayal haye, tou vaha apana jeevan taba taka jaari naheen rakhna chaahegi jaba taka kii vaha cumm seey cumm aadhe samanya roop seey naheen jee sakati."
misauri raajya aur cruzen key sanrakshak "aid litem" donon ney iss faisale key khilaf appeal kii. 3-4 key faisale mein, misauri key sarvocch nyayalaya ney nichali adalat key faisale koo ulat diyaa. isane faisala sunaaya kii koee bhee kissy anya vyakti key liye upchaar seey incar naheen curr sakata haye, paryaapt jeevit vaseeyat yaa spasht aur vishvasyogya, swabhavik roop seey vishvasaniya saboot key abhaav mein."crusions ney appeal kii, aur 1989 mein sanyukt raajya america kaa sarvocch nyayalaya mamle kii sunavaai karane key liye sahmat hoe gayaa.
mudde.
kanuni sawal yeh thaa kii kyaa misauri raajya koo apani betty koo jeevan rakshak seey hataane key liye cruzen key liye "spasht aur vishvasaniya saboot" kii aavashyakta kaa adhikaar thaa. vishesh roop seey, sarvocch nyayalaya ney vichaar kiya kii kyaa misauri nancy kii feeding tube koo hataane seey incar karke chaudahaven sanshodhan key uchit prakriya khand kaa ullanghan curr rhaa thaa. niyat prakriya khand mein praavdhaan haih "[aine] yaa koee raajya kissy bhee vyakti koo kaanoon kii uchit prakriya key binaa jeevan, swatantrata yaa sampatti seey vanchit curr dega.]"
cruzen key vakeel ney apani appeal key liye samvaidhaanik aadhar koo iss prakaar sankshep mein prastut kiyaah
nirnay.
"cruzen" sarvocch nyayalaya dwara sunaa gayaa pahala "marane kaa adhikaar" mamla thaa, aur yeh adalat key liye vibhajankari saabit huaa.pee. 27 5-4 key nirnay mein, adalat ney misauri swaasthya vibhaag key paksh mein paaya aur faisala sunaaya kii samvidhaan mein kuchh bhee misauri raajya koo jeevan-samarthak upchaar koo samaapt karane seey pahale "spasht aur vishvasaniya sakshya" kii aavashyakta seey naheen rokta haye, misauri sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale koo barkarar rakhate hue. jeevan key anta" key mudde kii vivadaspadta koo darshaate hue, paanch nyayadhishon ney mamle key baare mein alag-alag raay likhi.
mukhya nyayadhish rehunkvist kii bahumat kii raay mein, adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii saksham vyaktiyon koo uchit prakriya khand key tahat chikitsa upchaar seey incar karane kaa adhikaar haye. haalaanki, aksham vyaktiyon key saath, adalat ney iss baat key saboot key liye misauri key uchch maanak kii sthiti koo barkarar rakhaa kii aggar vaha vyakti apane swayam key nirnay lene mein saksham hotaa tou vaha kyaa chaahata. adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii yeh uchch pramaanik maanak samvaidhaanik thaa, kyonki parivaar key sadasya hamesha aise nirnay naheen leey sakate hain jinn seey aksham vyakti sahmat hotaa, aur una nirnayon seey aisee kaarravaai hoe sakati haye (jaise jeevan samarthan vaapas lena) joe aparivartaniya hogi.
marane kaa adhikaar banaam aatmahatya.
adalati mamalon mein, jaise kii curran aine quinlan mamle aur elizabeth bauviya mamalon mein, adalaton ney ilaaj seey incar karane seey marane aur aatmahatya seey marane key beach key antar koo ujagar kiya thaa. haalaanki, "cruzen" mein apani sahmat raay mein, justice scalia ney nott kiya kii yeh antar "kewal maukhik" hoe sakata haye yadi mrityu kii maang kii jaati haye "ack dawa key bajaay bhukhmari seey."
justice scalia ney tark diyaa kii chikitsa upchaar seey incar karna, yadi aisaa karane seey rogi kii mrityu hoe jaayegi, tou yeh aatmahatya karane key adhikaar key barabar haye. unhone kahaa kii aatmahatya karane kaa adhikaar samvidhaan mein sanrakshit ack uchit prakriya adhikaar naheen thaa. jaisa kii kanuni vidwan susan stephen likhate hainh "[justice scalia] ney tark diyaa kii raajyon koo logon koo 'yadi aavashyak hoe tou balpurvak aatmahatya karane seey rokane' kaa adhikaar haye, jisamen upchaar seey incar karna bhee shamil haye jaba usa incar seey rogi kii mrityu hoe jaayegi."pee. 28
justice scalia kii raay ney upchaar seey incar, aatmahatya, sahaayata praapt aatmahatya, chikitsak sahaayata praapt aatmahatya aur "marane dene" key beach kanuni antar key baare mein mahatvapurna sawal uthaaye, aur inhen rokane mein raajya kii jimmedaari, joe marane key adhikaar aur aaney vaale jeevan key adhikaar key mamalon mein mahatvapurna mudde saabit hogi.pp. 31-33
isake baad.
cruzen.
sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale key baad, cruzen ney atirikt saboot ekatra kiye kii cruzen chaahata thaa kii uska jeevan samarthan samaapt hoe jaae. misauri raajya sitambar 1990 mein mamle seey vaapas leey liya kyonki isake kaanoon koo barkarar rakhaa gayaa thaa aur isane badey samvaidhaanik mudde parr vichaar kiya thaa.pee. 29 cruzen koo koee virodh kaa saamana naheen karna padaa, jasper county probate nyayadhish charles teal ney faisala sunaaya kii cruzen "spasht aur vishvasaniya sakshya" key sakshya key bojh koo puuraa curr chuke they."unhone cruzen kii feeding tube koo hataane key liye ack adalat kaa adesh jaari kiya. 14 disambar, 1990 koo, feeding tube koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 26 disambar, 1990 koo cruzen kii mrityu hoe gaee.
cruzen key mamle ney rashtriya hita koo aakarshit kiya thaa, aur jeevan key adhikaar key kaaryakartaon aur sangathanon ney adalat mein saat alag-alag yaachikaaen daayar karke bhojan phir seey shuru karane key liye kahaa thaa, lekin hastakshep key liye koee kanuni sthiti naheen paaee gaee thee.
cruzen key antim sanskar mein, usake pitaa ney samvaaddaataon seey kahaa, "main apani betty koo vaapas laana pasand karoongi aur kissy aur koo yeh pathpradarshak banane doongi."pee. 29 chhah saal baad, 17 agast, 1996 koo, usane aatmahatya curr lii.
mahatva.
cruzen" mamle ney kaee mahatvapurna udaaharan sthaapit kieh pp. 27-28
isane jeevan jeene kii ichchhaon aur agrim nirdeshon mein bhee bahut ruchi paida kii. udaaharan key liye, "cruzen" mein sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale key thheek ack maheene baad, society forr dha raait too dye koo agrim nirdesh prapatron key liye lagbhag 300,000 anurodh praapt hue they.
dha newyork times" mein ack lekh key anusaar, "cruzen" mamle ney sanghiya rogi aatm-nirdhaaran adhiniyam key liye samarthan badhaane mein bhee madad kii, joe nancy cruzen kii mrityu key thheek ack saal baad prabhaavi hoe gayaa. adhiniyam key tahat una aspatalon aur nursing home kii aavashyakta thee jinhen sanghiya dhana praapt huaa thaa taaki way rogiyon koo agrim-nirdeshaatmak jaankaari dey sakein aur unake raajyon key kaanoonon key tahat upalabdh marane key adhikaar key vikalpon kii vyakhya curr sakein.

