
khule sthaan samaaj

open space society ack abhiyaan samooh haye joe sanyukt raajya mein saarvajanik adhikaaron aur khule sthaanon kii raksha key liye kaam kartaa haye, jaise kii aam bhoomi aur gaanv kaa hariyali. yeh britten kaa sabse purana rashtriya sanrakshan nikaay aur ack panjikrit daan haye.
sthaapana.
iss samaaj kii sthaapana samanya sanrakshan samaaj key roop mein kii gaee thee aur 1899 mein rashtriya footpath samaaj key saath vilay hoe gayaa, joe samanya aur footpath sanrakshan samaaj bunn gayaa. vartamaan naam koo apanaane seey pahale, baad mein isane apana naam badalkar commons, open space aur footpath sanrakshan samaaj curr liya. 
samaaj dwara kii gaee pratyaksh kaarravaai kaa ack praarambhik udaaharan 1866 mein 120 logon kii sahaayata seey dou meal kii railing koo ratonrat hataana thaa, joe berkhamstead koo aam roop seey sanlagn kartaa thaa. samaaj ney rashtriya nyaas key nirmaan key liye bhee abhiyaan chalaaya.
isake sansthapakon aur shuruati sadasyon mein johnn stuart mill, lord eversley, villium morris, surr robbert hunter aur octavia hill shamil they. antim dou ney 1895 mein cannon raansale key saath rashtriya nyaas kii sthaapana kii. lord eversley, george lefavour key roop mein, sansad key ack udaar sadasya they aur gladstone kii sarkaar mein vyaapaar mandal mein ack kanishth mantri bunn gaye. unhone kaary aayukt sahit anya padon parr kaary kiya aur janata key liye hampton court park, kyu garden aur regent park khol diyaa.
baad mein vriddhi.
pichhali aadhi sadee mein samaaj ney janata key anand key liye aam logon koo sanrakshit kiya haye. yeh ingland aur wells key madhyam seey aitihaasik aur mahatvapurna rites-off-way network kii raksha karane mein bhee sakriya rhaa haye. isaki shuruati safaltaon mein bajari nishkarshan, vanon koo hataane, aam wimbledon, aishdaaun vann aur mulvern pahaadiyon seey hampstead heath koo bachaana shamil thaa. donon vishva yuddhon key baad samaaj kaa kathin kaam bahut adhik aam bhoomi koo bahaal karna thaa jiska upayog raksha aur khaadya utpaadan key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
1960 key dashak key anta mein, commons panjikaran adhiniyam 1965 key adhiniyaman key baad, open space society ney aam bhoomi aur samanya adhikaaron koo panjikrit karane key liye kadee mehnat kii.
kaary.
samaaj key ghoshit uddeshya hainh
khule sthaanon parr samaaj kaa adhikansh kaam saarvajanik maargon key sanrakshan aur nirmaan seey sambandhit haye. 1899 mein rashtriya footpath sanrakshan samaaj key saath vilay key baad 'footpath' shabd koo samaaj key sheershak mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. 1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein saarvajanik maargon key aadhikarik maanchitron kii shuruat seey pahale, janata koo pataa naheen thaa kii maarg kahaan they, aur khule sthaanon key samaaj ney ayudh sarvekshan maanchitron parr dikhaae jaane vaale maargon key liye safal abhiyaan mein madad kii. isake kaam mein aam bhoomi, shahar aur gaanv key hariyali, khule sthaanon aur saarvajanik maargon kii raksha karane mein madad karna bhee shamil haye. yeh paryaavaran, khaadya aur graameen mamalon key vibhaag aur aam bhoomi parr karyon key liye avedanon parr wells key liye rashtriya sabhaa koo salah detaa haye. jaba bhee saarvajanik adhikaar key maarg koo badalane kaa prastaav aataa haye tou sthaaniya adhikaariyon koo kanuni roop seey samaaj seey paramarsh karna aavashyak hotaa haye. apane dharmarth uddeshyon key hisse koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye, khule sthaanon kaa samaaj anya kshetron mein sakriya haye; isamen sarkari kaary dalon, rashtriya nikaayon aur adhik sthaaniya nikaayon key pratinidhi hain. isake kuchh sadasya bhee hain joe desh key vibhinn hisson mein sthaaniya samvaaddaataon key roop mein iska pratinidhitva karate hain.
aaj, iss society kaa mukhyalaya oxfordshire mein henley-onn-thames mein haye. poore ingland aur wells mein isake 2,600 seey adhik sadasya hain. yeh prati varsh teen ankon key saath ack sadasyon kii patrika "open space" prakaashit kartaa haye.
graameen aur maarg adhikaar adhiniyam 2000.
1986 mein, "samanya bhoomi munch", jisamen samanya bhoomi mein sabhi hita shamil they, ney sifarish kii kii ingland aur wells mein sabhi samanya logon parr chalane kaa saarvajanik adhikaar honah chaahiye, saath hii bhoomi key prabandhan key saath. (sabhi samanya logon key paas ack bhoomi malik hotaa haye, jisamen ack saarvajanik nikaay seey laker ack niji vyakti taka shamil hotaa haye.) tatkalin sarkaar ney kaanoon key liye munch key prastaavon kaa samarthan kiya aur iss tarah kaa kaanoon pesh karane kaa vaadaa kiya-lekin aisaa naheen kiya. ack dashak seey bhee adhik samay baad, khule sthaanon key samaaj kii madad seey graameen ilaakon aur maarg adhiniyam 2000 key tahat una sabhi samanya logon parr chalane kaa adhikaar jeetaa gayaa, jinaki pahale koee pahunch naheen thee, kuchh pratibandhon key adheen.
sarvocch nyayalaya key nirnay.
11 disambar 2019 koo, united kingdam key nirnay kii ack sarvocch adalat ney samaaj mein chinta jataai. praathamik mamle mein dakshin lankester mein 13 hectare bhoomi shamil thee, mooreside kshetra, joe lancashire county parishad key swaamitva mein thaa. yeh bhoomi 50 seey adhik varshon seey saarvajanik upayog key liye upalabdh thee. samanya adhiniyam 2006 key anusaar, cumm seey cumm 20 varshon key liye anaupchaarik manoranjan key liye upayog kii jaane vaali bhoomi koo harit key roop mein panjikrit kiya jaa sakata haye aur phir ise vikas seey sanrakshit kiya jaataa haye. (2013 key vikas aur buniyaadi dhancha adhiniyam mein nirdisht kiya gayaa haye kii yojana avedanon key liye naamit bhoomi koo gaanv key harit key roop mein panjikrit naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin yeh jameen key kinare key kshetra key mamle mein lagu naheen hoti haye.)
moorside fields samudayik samooh ney 2016 mein commons adhiniyam key tahat bhoomi koo panjikrit karane kaa prayaas kiya. sthaaniya pradhikaran ney panjikaran koo chunauti dee, joe nikatvarti moorside praathamik vidyalaya key khel key maidanon key bhavishya key vistaar key liye bhoomi parr niyantran banaae rakhna chaahata thaa. parishad kii chunauti uchch nyayalaya mein aur phir appeal kii adalat mein whiffle rahee; gaanv key harit key roop mein bhoomi kaa panjikaran aage badh sakata thaa. lancashire county council ney baad mein united kingdam key sarvocch nyayalaya mein appeal kii.
appeal nirnay mein, "aar (lancashire county council key aavedan parr) (apeelkarta) banaam paryaavaran, khaadya aur graameen mamalon key liye raajya sachiv (prativaadi)" key roop mein uddhrit kiya gayaa, adalat ney pichhale faisalon koo palat diyaa. usee samay, sarvocch nyayalaya ney rashtriya swaasthya seva key swaamitva vaale chamade key sir parr 2.9 hectare leach grove lakadi seey judey ack alag mamle mein bhoomi key panjikaran key khilaf bhee faisala sunaaya. moorside fields mamle mein nirnay key prakaashan key baad, lancashire county council ney samachar media koo bataaya kii adalat ney "bhavishya kii peedhiyon key liye iss bhoomi kii raksha kii thee.
prabhaav mein, sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale ney saarvajanik adhikaariyon key swaamitva vaali bhoomi chhod dee 
apani vaidhaanik shaktiyon dwara kissy bhee uddeshya key liye vikas key liye khula haye jise way uchit maanate hain. open space society key anusaar, ingland aur wells mein isake doorgaami prabhaav hoe sakate hain.

