
paradiso (upanyaas)

paradiso cuba key lekhak jose lezaamaa lima kaa ack upanyaas haye, joe unake jivankal key dauran puuraa aur prakaashit huaa thaa. ack vistrit barok shally mein likhi gaee, kathaa jose semi key bachpan aur yuvaaon kaa anusaran karati haye, aur kaee drishyon koo darshaati haye joe hawana mein ack yuva kavi key roop mein lezaamaa key apane jeevan key saath pratidhwanit hotey hain. lezaamaa key maranoparant upanyaas "opiano lycario" mein kaee paatr phir seey dikhaai dete hain, joe 1977 mein mexico mein prakaashit huaa thaa.
prishthabhoomi.
yeh upanyaas mool roop seey cuba mein ack sanskaran mein prakaashit huaa thaa jise argentine key lekhak julio courtazar ney atyadhik asantoshjanak maanaa thaa, aanshik roop seey lezaamaa key kharaab viram chihn aur shaileegat trutiyon key kaaran. lezaamaa key aashirvaad seey, courtazar ney vyaktigat roop seey baad key maxican sanskaran key liye paath koo sampaadit kiya, jisamen "hajaaron trutiyon aur aspashtataon koo thheek kiya gayaa."
cuba key itihas mein sabse kushal upanyason mein seey ack likhane key bavjood, lezaamaa ney kahaa kii unhone khud koo kabhi upanyaskar naheen maanaa, balki ack kavi maanaa jisane ack kavita likhi joe ack upanyaas bunn gaee. "iss prakaar "paradiso" koo ack prakaar kii lambi kavita key saath-saath ack nava-barok upanyaas bhee maanaa jaa sakata haye.
plot.
upanyaas bachpan kii ack rahasyamay bimari key saath semi key sanghrshon kaa varnan kartaa haye, apane pitaa kii mrityu kaa varnan kartaa haye, aur unaki samalaingikta aur saahityik samvedanaon kii khoj kartaa haye. vaha poorv-castro hawana kii duniya mein rahata haye, aur cuba kii kranti kewal ack gauna kathaanak key roop mein dikhaai detee haye. baad key kuchh adhyaayon mein varnanatmak prayog shamil hain jinamen vyaapak roop seey alag-alag yugon key dauran sthaapit aur jose semi key saath koee tatkaal spasht sambandh naheen rakhane vaali kaee vaikalpik kahaaniyan aapas mein judee hui hain aur antatah unakaa vilay hoe jaataa haye. (julio courtazar koo likhe ack patra mein, lezaamaa ney samajhaaya kii yeye adhyaay apane pitaa kii mrityu key baad semi key sapanon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain.) 
vivaad.
graphic samlaingik drishyon aur usa samay kii raajneetik sthiti key prati upanyaas kii dwidha key kaaran, "paradiso" koo vivaad aur prakaashan samasyaon kaa saamana karna padaa. aaj yeh vyaapak roop seey spanish bhashi duniya mein padhaa jaataa haye lekin americi anuvaadak gregori rabasa dwara anuvaad key bavjood angreji bhashi deshon mein samaan prasiddhi hassil naheen kii haye.
sandarbh.
"lezaamaa lima seey poochtaachh karein."samaaj key jeevan key baare mein saahitya kaa punarlekhan. aid. pedro saiman martinez. laa habaanah america key liye shikshaah 1970.

