
sanyukt vipaksh (soviyat sangh)

sanyukt vipaksh (kabhi-kabhi sanyukt vipaksh bhee kahaa jaataa haye) 1926 kii shuruat mein aul-union communist party (bolshevik) mein gathit ack samooh thaa, jaba leone trotsky key netritva mein vaam vipaksh, joseph stallin key netritva vaale kendra key khilaf virodh koo majboot karane key liye, grigori zinovieve aur unake karibi sahayogi lev kamenev key netritva mein nae vipaksh mein vilay hoe gayaa. sanyukt vipaksh ney anya baaton key alawa, communist party key bheetar abhivyakti kii adhik swatantrata, naee aarthik neeti (nepal) koo samaapt karane, bhaari udyog key adhik vikas aur cumm naukarshahi kii maang kii. 1927 key anta taka samooh koo prabhaavi roop seey stallin key bahumat seey nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jise kewal seemit safalata millie thee.
prishthabhoomi aur gathan.
party kii ekataa koo badhaava dene key liye, 1921 mein 10veen party congress mein bolshevik party key bheetar guton koo pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. pratibandh key bavjood, anaupchaarik gutt baney rahey, aur alag-alag raay vyakt kii jaati rahee. sanyukt vipaksh key bhavishya key lakshyon koo 1920 key dashak mein kaee samoohon dwara vyakt kiya gayaa thaa. 1923 mein, usee avadhi key dauran kendriya samiti koo likhe gaye patron koo pratidhwanit karate hue, asantusht party key sadasyon ney party key bheetar badhate naukarshahi aur censorship kii aalochana karate hue "46 kii ghoshana" jaari kii. munch ney party key netritva sanrachana kii aalochana kii, jahaan nirnay teji seey oopar seey nirdhaarit kiye gaye they, aur kaaryakartaon aur ausat matdaataon kaa prabhaav lagaatar cumm hoe gayaa thaa. vipakshiyon key prayason key bavjood, unamen seey pramukh trotsky, 13veen party congress ney maee 1924 mein vipaksh kii ninda kii. zinovieve aur kamenev donon ney iss samay trotsky kaa virodh kiya.
trotsky, zinovieve aur kamenev kii sthiti 1925 mein ack saath aaney luggy. teenon vyakti stallin aur bukharin key "ack desh mein samaajvaad" key siddhant key khilaf they, aur naee aarthik neeti key teji seey virodh curr rahey they, jisamen shramikon kii keemat parr kisaanon koo visheshaadhikaar diyaa gayaa thaa. una sabhi ney adhik raajya yojana aur uchch audyogik nivesh kii vakaalat kii. apane vipakshi vichaaron key swabhavik vistaar key roop mein, zinovieve aur kamenev donon ney party key bheetar badhati asahamati aur cumm naukarshahi kaa samarthan karna shuru curr diyaa, jitna kii trotsky ney 1923 key baad seey kiya thaa. lenin kii vidhwa, nadezda krupskia ney bhee vipaksh koo sankshipt roop seey apana samarthan diyaa. haalaanki, koee badaa sangathit vipakshi gutt naheen thaa. unaki neeti mein samaantaon key bavjood, trotsky 1925 mein zinovieve aur kamenev key saath sakriya roop seey kaam naheen curr rahey they, aur unake virodh kaa samanvaya naheen kiya gayaa thaa. chaudahavin party congress mein stallin key khilaf saahaspoorvak uthaai gaee vipakshi awazon koo aasaani seey khariz curr diyaa gayaa.
samooh kaa prastaav 15 key samooh dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa, joe vladmir smirnov key aspas ack chhota gutt thaa, jisane daavaa kiya thaa kii soviyat sangh abb shramikon kaa raajya naheen thaa. unhone trotsky key vampanthi vipaksh aur zinovieve key nae vipaksh (jise 1925 key vipaksh key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) koo ack saath laaya, bhale hii donon key 15 key samooh key saath kaee matbhed they, vishesh roop seey iss sawal parr kii kyaa soviyat sangh abhee bhee ack shramik raajya thaa. shramik vipaksh key kaee poorv samarthak bhee ekjut vipaksh mein shamil hoe gaye.
ekjut vipaksh.
smirnov key 15 key samooh ney apane aur kamenev aur zinovieve key samarthakon key beach badhate matbhedon koo laker apane gathan key turant baad sanyukt vipaksh koo chhod diyaa. sanyukt vipaksh ney jald hii ack adhik shramik-kendrit party key liye andolan karna shuru curr diyaa, joe nepal key aspas kii adhik kisan-kendrit neetiyon key saath-saath adhik party loktantrikaran key liye bhee thaa. way party key bheetar asahamati vyakt karane kii adhik kshamata aur shramik sanghon key liye adhik swaayatta chaahte they. maee 1926 mein, trotsky, zinovieve aur 82 anya logon ney stallin key netritva kii ninda karate hue ack ghoshana parr hastakshar kiye. kendriya samiti ney dou maheene baad iss maang key saath jawab diyaa kii ekjut vipaksh nae party netritva key liye apane ahwan koo radd curr dey, jise vipaksh ney vidhivat aswikar curr diyaa. unake 1926 key munch ney spasht roop seey loktantra kii kamee aur party mein anumati dee gaee bahas kii aalochana karate hue kahaa kii "sarvasammati seey" key alawa kaheen bhee koee prastaav kabhi bhee sweekaar naheen kiya jaataa haye."octuber 1926 mein, stallin key samarthakon ney trotsky koo polit beuro seey baahar curr diyaa. octuber 1926 taka kamenev aur zinovieve koo bhee polit beuro seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur zinovieve ney cummintern key pramukh key roop mein apana pada khou diyaa thaa. soviyat nagrikon key beach vyaapak samarthan praapt karane key vipaksh key prayaas whiffle rahey. stellin ney ekjut vipaksh key netaaon key saath baatchit kii, unhein party key nirnayon koo sweekaar karane aur party key bheetar apane vichaar vyakt karane kii adhik kshamata key badale guton koo tyagane key liye protsaahit kiya. isi tarah, bukharin ney ekjut vipaksh key sadasyon koo guton koo hataane aur party seey maafi maangane key liye aamantrit kiya. sanyukt vipaksh key kaee sadasyon ney samjhaute koo sweekaar karate hue yaa ladaai jaari rakhane key parinamon key darr seey, vidhivat maafi maangi aur gutbaji key khilaf khud koo phir seey pratibaddh kiya. kamenev aur zinovieve key samooh key kaee samarthakon key saath-saath shramikon key vipakshi samooh key adhikansh ney 1927 key madhya taka ekjut vipaksh koo chhod diyaa thaa, badhate raajneetik dabaav mein paksh badal diye they aur stallin key liye apane samarthan kaa samarthan kiya thaa.
dhamkiyon aur vaadon key bavjood, adhikansh ekjut vipaksh jaari rhaa. sitambar 1927 mein, unakaa nayaa aadhikarik munch jaari kiya gayaa thaa. munch ney tark diyaa kii nepal key madhyam seey desh mein poonjiwadi prabhaav fail rahey they, stallin aur bolshevik key netritva kii aalochana kii, aur party key bheetar anumati dee gaee swatantra vimarsh kii kamee parr shoke vyakt kiya, antatah yeh nishkarsh nikala kii party sachche leninism seey bhatak rahee thee. 1926 mein party netritva kii adhik samanya aalochana seey laker 1927 key anta taka stallin kii kshamataon aur tanashahi pravrittiyon parr seedhe hamalon taka, stallin kii aalochana badhee thee.
sanyukt vipaksh ney bhee sakriya roop seey stallin koo kamjor karane aur aam janata koo prabhaavit karane key liye kaam kiya. pradarshan aayojit kiye gaye, jinhone kuchh mamuli saarvajanik samarthan aakarshit kiya. navambar 1927 mein, sanyukt vipaksh ney vladmir lenin kii vidhwa, nadezda krupskaya key saath redd squire, mosco mein ack pradarshan kiya. sadasyon ney avaidh roop seey lenin key vasiyatnama koo bhee vitarit kiya, ack dabaa huaa dastaavez jisamen lenin ney stallin key prati apana avishvaas aur trotsky key liye apana samarthan vyakt kiya. ack baar phir, yeh mahatvapurna samarthan aakarshit karane mein whiffle rhaa, aur vipaksh party key bheetar spasht roop seey alpamat mein rhaa. pulis ney ekjut vipaksh parr nakel kasane key liye kaee sadasyon koo giraftar karna shuru curr diyaa. trotsky aur zinovieve ney apana adhikansh shesh prabhaav khou diyaa jaba unhein kendriya samiti seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa. sanyukt vipaksh communist party key ack chhote seey alpasankhyak seey adhik kaa samarthan praapt karane mein asamarth thaa, aur disambar 1927 mein pandrahavin party congress mein nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jaba congress ney sanyukt vipakshi vichaaron koo communist party kii sadasyata key saath asangat ghoshit kiya thaa.
isake baad.
trotsky koo 1929 mein yuu. aiss. aiss. aar. seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur unhone apana shesh jeevan nirvaasan mein bitaaya, halanki unhone mukhya roop seey apane lekhan key madhyam seey stallin key khilaf andolan karna jaari rakhaa. trotsky ney apane shesh samarthakon key saath antarrashtriya vaam vipaksh kaa gathan kiya, aur 15 key samooh ney bhee stallin key virodh koo jaari rakhaa. trotsky, zinovieve aur kamenev ney baad mein 1932 mein ack stallin virodhi gutt banaaya, joe prateet hotaa haye kii 1933 kii shuruat mein bhang hoe gayaa thaa. inn samoohon key samarthakon koo jald hii nirvaasit yaa jail mein daal diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 1941 key anta taka, sanyukt vipaksh key lagbhag sabhi poorv samarthakon, chaahe unhone ise aswikar kiya thaa yaa naheen, koo stallin key adesh parr maar diyaa gayaa thaa yaa unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. zinovieve aur kamenev aam taur parr stallin key prati wafadar rahate they, halanki bukharin ney 1929 mein stallin key khilaf unake saath gathbandhan karane kaa prayaas kiya. jabaki bukharin koo koee madad naheen millie, phir bhee stallin iss baithak kaa upayog kamenev aur zinovieve kii nirantar sajish key pramaan key roop mein karenge. zinovieve aur kamenev donon koo 1936 mein maut kii sajaa sunai gaee aur stallin key adesh parr fansi dee gaee, jisase mahaan shuddhikaran shuru hoe gayaa. 1940 mein, mexico mein ack soviyat agent dwara trotsky kii hatyaa curr dee gaee thee.

