
silaginidae

silaginidae, jise aamtaur parr smelt-whittings, whitings, silaginids, rait borers aur rait-smelts key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, persiforms crum mein benthic tateey samudri machhali kaa ack parivaar haye. smelt-whittings africa key paschim tata seey laker poorv mein japan aur dakshin mein australia taka, bhaarat-prashant key adhikansh hisse koo cover karane vaale ack vistrit kshetra mein rahate hain. parivaar mein kewal paanch vansh aur 35 prajaatiyan hain, jinamen seey ack sankhya sandigdh haye, 1992 mein parivaar kaa antim pramukh sanshodhan kaee prajaatiyon kii vaidhata kii pushti karane mein asamarth haye. way lambi, thodi sampeedit machhali hoti hain, aksar halke bhoore seey chaandi key rung mein, unake oopari shareer parr vibhinn prakaar key nishan aur pattern key saath. silaginidae uttari golardh mein aamtaur parr 'whitting' naamak kaee machhliyon seey sambandhit naheen hain, jisamen mool roop seey 'whiting', 'merlangius merlangus' naamak machhali bhee shamil haye.
smelt-whittings jyaadaatar inshore machhaliyan hain joe sanrakshit jwaariya flats aur jwaarmukhon seey laker surf zone taka key nimn aur uchch-oorjaa vaale donon vatavaranon mein retile, gandi aur keechad vaale substrate mein rahati hain. kuchh prajaatiyan mukhya roop seey gahare rait key bhuse aur chattanon parr samudra key kinare rahati hain, halanki adhikansh prajaatiyon key larva aur kishore charan tateey maidanon mein laut aatey hain, jahan way apane jeevan key pahale kuchh saal bitaate hain. smelt-whittings benthic mansahari jeev hain joe mukhya roop seey polycates, vibhinn prakaar key crustations, molsk aur kuchh hudd taka echinoderm aur machhali kaa shikaar karate hain, joe unake shikaar dwara utsarjit compan kaa pataa lagaakar khaate hain.
yeh parivaar poore hind-prashant mein matsya paalan key liye atyadhik mahatvapurna haye, jisamen uttari safed, japani safed aur king george safed jaisi prajaatiyan apani poori seema mein pramukh matsya paalan kaa aadhar banaati hain. kaee prajaatiyan chhote nirvaah matsya paalan key liye bhee pramukh mahatva kii hain, jabaki anya kabhi-kabhaar milane vaale matsya paalan seey thodi adhik hain. smelt-whitting koo kaee tarikon seey pakada jaataa haye, jisamen trolling, seane nett aur cast nett shamil hain. australia aur vishesh roop seey japan mein, parivaar key sadasyon kii aksar manoranjak machuaaron dwara atyadhik maang kii jaati haye joe apane bahumulya maans key liye machhali kii bhee talash karate hain.
vargeekaran.
1775 mein peater forscal dwara vaigyaanik roop seey varnit silaginid kii pahali prajaati "silago sihama" thee, jinhone shuru mein prajaati koo hardihead key ack vansh, "atherina" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya thaa. yeh 1817 taka naheen thaa kii prakaar "silago" koo georges couvier dwara unaki naee varnit prajaati "silago acuta" key aadhar parr banaaya gayaa thaa, joe baad mein "aiss" kaa ack kanishth paryaayavaachi paaya gayaa thaa. sihama "aur baad mein tyag diyaa gayaa. couvier ney 1829 mein achile valencience key saath apane echitheological kaam "histoir naturally days poisons" key prakaashan key saath silaginid kii prajaatiyon kaa varnan karna jaari rakhaa, iss kaam mein genus "sylloginids" kaa bhee nirmaan kiya. prajaati "chilodipterus panijas" kaa naam 1822 mein francis buchanan-hamilton dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa aur baad mein 1861 mein theodor gill dwara phir seey pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa, jisase monotypic genus "silaginopsis" kaa nirmaan huaa. johnn richardson ney vigyaan kii unnati key liye british sangh kii ack baithak mein prastaav diyaa kii "silago", joe taba maanyata praapt silaginid kaa ekmatra vansh thaa, koo unake apane vargeekaran parivaar, "silaginidae" ('silaginode' key saath ack dusare key saath upayog kiya jaataa haye) koo saunpa jaae. haalaanki, "silaginoids" key sambandhon parr kaee alag-alag raay theen, jisase usa samay key prakritividon ney lagaatar paanch vanshon kii sthiti koo sanshodhit kiya, aur unhein kaee parivaaron mein rakhaa. silaginid machhliyon kii pahali sameeksha gill kaa 1861 kaa kaam "silaginoids kaa saransh" thaa, jisamen "silaginidae" naam koo lokpriya banaaya gayaa thaa aur "silaginids" aur "silaginipsis" koo shamil karane key liye iska vistaar kiya gayaa thaa, halanki parivaar key sthaan parr bahas vivadaspad rahee.
gill key pepper key prakaashit honey key baad key varshon mein, sylloginids kii 30 seey adhik 'naee' prajaatiyon kii soochana dee gaee aur vaigyaanik roop seey varnit kii gaee, jinamen seey kaee pahale varnit prajaatiyon key paryaay they, prajaatiyon key beach samaantaa key saath-saath chhoti bhaugolik bhinnata bhramit karane vaale vargeekaranvidon key saath. 1985 mein, queensland sangrahalaya key roland maike ney inn sambandhon koo hull karane key liye parivaar kii ack vyaapak sameeksha prakaashit kii, halanki kaee prajaatiyon koo abhee bhee sandigdh key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye, jisamen maike holotype kaa pataa lagaane mein asamarth hain. pahale varnit prajaatiyon kii sameeksha key saath, maike ney ack atirikt saat prajaatiyon kaa varnan kiya, jinamen seey kaee koo unhone upa-prajaati key roop mein varnit kiya. 1985 key iss pepper key baad, atirikt namoone saamane aae, joe saabit karate hain kii unhone jinn sabhi upa-prajaatiyon kii pehchaan kii thee, way alag-alag prajaatiyan theen. 1992 mein, maike ney jeevon key liye silaginidae kaa ack saransh prakaashit kiya, jisamen unhone inn upa-prajaatiyon koo poorna prajaati kaa darja diyaa.
silaginidae" naam couvier key "silago" seey liya gayaa thaa, joe khud australia key ack ilaake seey apana naam letaa haye, sambhavatah raani key tata seey door silago reif. silago" shabd yunani shabd "silgo" seey liya gayaa haye, jiska arth haye "milna".
vargeekaran.
nimnalikhit sylloginids kii 35 gyaat maujooda prajaatiyon kii ack vyaapak soochi haye, jisamen holotype namoone key nuksan key kaaran kaee prajaatiyon parr abhee bhee sandeh haye. yeh vargeekaran "fishbase" kaa anusaran kartaa haye, joe swayam maike key parivaar key antim sanshodhan parr adharit haye.
vikas.
jeevaashm record seey kaee silaginids kii pehchaan kii gaee haye, jisamen nimn yuseen parivaar kii pahali upasthiti koo chihnit kartaa haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh parivaar madhya australia key tethys samudra mein vikasit huaa thaa, oopari yuseen key dauran dakshini australia mein upanivesh banaane seey pahale, ack samudri maarg key dakshin mein tootane key baad. oligosin key dauran, parivaar uttar aur dakshin mein fail gayaa, joe unake vartamaan hind-prashant vitaran kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik vyaapak seema parr kabja curr rhaa thaa. jeevashmon seey pataa chalata haye kii silaginids uttar mein polland aur germany taka aur dakshin mein newzealand taka faile hue hain, joe maujooda peedhi kii anya prajaatiyon key saath uthale paani key talchhati bhandar mein paae jaate hain.
cumm seey cumm aathh jeevaashm silaginid prajaatiyan paaee gaee hain, jinamen seey sabhi koo paaya jaane vaalaa ekmatra avashesh, autolith key aadhar parr "silago" vansh kaa maanaa jaataa haye. jeevaashm record mein maujooda silaginid kii kewal ack prajaati, "silago maculata" paaee gaee haye, aur yeh haal hii mein pleastocene talchhat mein paaee gaee thee.
phylogeny.
silaginidae key sambandh bahut cumm gyaat hain, bahut samaan roopaatmak visheshtaon aur aanuvanshik adhyayanon kii kamee key saath parivaar parr cladistic vishleshan karane kii kshamata koo seemit karate hain. jeevaashm silaginids honey key kaaran jeevaashm autolith kii tulanaa parr adharit hain, abb taka koee anya prakaar key avashesh naheen paae gaye hain, yeh jeevaashm prajaatiyon key madhyam seey parivaar key vikas key punarnirmaan koo bhee rokta haye. jabaki persiform key crum mein silaginidae kii sthiti kaee sinapomorphiyon key kaaran dridhata seey sthaapit haye joe adesh key anya sadasyon key saath saajha kii gaee haye, parivaar key liye koee bahan samooh sthaapit naheen kiya gayaa haye. parivaar kii vartamaan vargeekaran sthiti koo samooh key jatijanan kii ack buniyaadi tasveer kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye socha jaataa haye, jisamen maike swimbleder key saajha roopaatmak varnon key aadhar parr genus "silago" koo teen upa-peedhi mein vibhajit kartaa haye. syllogenodes" aur "syllogenopsis" kii peedhi mein sabse adhik placiomorphic visheshtaen hain; ack prakaar kii honey key kaaran, aur "silago" seey alag. "silago" koo aage teen upa-vanshavali mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye joe mukhya roop seey swim bladder morphology parr adharit haye; "silago", "parjivi" aur "silaginopodis", joe vikaasvaadi sambandhon kaa bhee pratinidhitva karate hain. jabaki parivaar parr aanuvanshik adhyayan naheen kiye gaye hain, unakaa upayog school whiting kii vibhinn upa-prajaatiyon key sambandh koo sthaapit karane key liye kiya gayaa haye. bassenses aur aiss. flinder ". isake alawa, aakriti vigyaan sambandhi aankadon seey pataa chalata haye kii pichhale himnad adhikatam key dauran kaee australiyai prajaatiyan bahut haal hii mein alag hoe gaeen, jisake kaaran bhoomi parr bunny machhliyon kii aabaadi alag hoe gaee. school whiting kii dou uparokt prajaatiyan, aiss. maculata aur aiss. buras, "aur" aiss. siliata aur aiss. analys "sabhi koo iss tarah kii prakriya key utpaad maanaa jaataa haye, halanki kewal school key safed rung key paas iss prakriya key pramaan key roop mein samaan roopvigyaan key alawa kuchh aur haye.
roopvigyaan.
silaginidae madhyam aakar kii machhaliyan hain joe ausatan lagbhag 20 semi aur lagbhag 100 graam taka badhati hain, halanki parivaar key sabse badey sadasya, king george whitting koo 72 semi aur 4.8 kilogram vajan taka pahunchane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. parivaar key shareer kaa aakar aur pankh kaa sthaan crum persiform key adhikansh sadasyon key samaan haye. unake shareer lambe, thode sampeedit hotey hain, ack sir key saath joe antim munh kii or jhukata haye. munh mein brush jaise daanton kii ack patti hoti haye jisamen kewal "syllogenopsis" key oopari jabade mein maujood canine daant hotey hain. parivaar kii kapaal samvedi pranali oopar aur baad mein achchi tarah seey vikasit haye, nichale jabade mein chhote chhidron kii ack jodee hoti haye jisake peechhe ack madhya gaddha hotaa haye jisamen pratyek taraf ack chhidra hotaa haye. lambe sir key pratyek taraf operculum kii reedh kii huddy chhoti hoti haye. unake paas dou vaastavik prishthiya pankh hain; poorvavarti ack 10 seey 13 reedh dwara samarthit haye jabaki lambe peechhe kii ack koo ack pramukh reedh dwara pakad liya jaataa haye jisake baad 16 seey 27 naram kiranen hoti hain. gudaa pankh dusare prishthiya pankh key samaan hotaa haye, jisamen dou chhoti patali reedh hoti hain aur usake baad 14 seey 26 komal kiranen hoti hain. unake shareer citanoid taraju mein dhake hotey hain, gaal key apavaad key saath jisamen cycloid yaa citanoid taraju hoe sakate hain. paarshv rekha taraju kii matra mein ack vyaapak bhinnata haye, 50 seey 141 taka. silaginidae mein swimblader yaa tou anupasthit haye, kharaab roop seey vikasit haye, yaa agravarti aur paarshv vistaar key saath atyadhik jatil haye joe kaudal kshetra mein achchi tarah seey project kartaa haye. ack anoothi nalika jaisi prakriya swimbleder kii nilay satah seey laker adhikansh prajaatiyon mein mootrajanan dwaar key khulane seey thheek pahale taka maujood hoti haye. pratyek prajaati key swim bladder kii upasthiti aur roopvigyaan aksar unaki pramukh naidaanik visheshta hoti haye, jisamen akele swimbladder roopvigyaan parr adharit maike key teen prastaavit upa-vanshavali hotey hain. silaginids mein shareer key rangon kii kewal ack chhoti shrinkhala hoti haye aur aksar prajaatiyon key beach pehchaan karane key liye kewal rung visheshataaen unake oopari shareer parr dhabbon aur salakhon kii vyavastha hoti haye. parivaar key adhikansh loga halke bhoore-malaidar safed rung key hotey hain, jabaki kuchh prajaatiyan chaandi kii hoti hain. machhali key neeche key hisse aamtaur parr oopari hisse kii tulanaa mein halke hotey hain, aur pankh peele seey pardarshi hotey hain, joe aksar salakhon aur dhabbon seey chihnit hotey hain.
vitaran aur nivaas sthaan.
silaginidae poore hind-prashant kshetra mein faile hue hain, africa key paschimi tata seey laker poorv mein japan aur taiwan taka, saath hii prashant mahasagar mein nae caledonia sahit kaee chhote dweepon parr kabja curr rahey hain. jabaki unakaa vitaran kaafee vyaapak haye, sabse adhik prajaatiyon kaa ghanatva bhaarat, chean, taiwan, dakshin poorv asia, indoneshiya dweepsamuh aur uttari australia key taton parr paaya jaataa haye. silaginid kii ack prajaati, "silago sihama", koo bhoomadhyasagariya kshetra mein ack aakramak prajaati ghoshit kiya gayaa haye, joe 1977 seey laal samudra seey suez nahar seey hocker gujarati haye, joe kii lesepsian pravaas key hisse key roop mein vyaapak hoe rahee haye.
silaginids mukhya roop seey tateey jall key hisson mein rahane vaali samudri machhaliyan hain, halanki kuchh prajaatiyan apane vayask charanon mein samudra key kinare gahari rait key kinaaron yaa chattanon mein 180 meater kii adhikatam gyaat gaharaai taka jaati hain. sabhi prajaatiyan mukhya roop seey retile, gandi yaa keechad vaale substrate parr kabja karati hain, aksar seagrass yaa reif kaa upayog cover key roop mein karati hain. way aamtaur parr jwaariya flats, samudra tata kshetron, toote hue tala aur samaan substrate key badey kshetron mein rahate hain. halanki parivaar samudri haye, kaee prajaatiyan jwaranadmukh key vatavaran mein rahati hain, jinamen seey kuchh "silaginopsis panijas" bhee jwaranadmukh key oopari hisson mein paaee jaati hain. pratyek prajaati aksar ack vishisht sthaan parr rahati haye taaki saha-ghatit sylloginids key saath pratispardha seey bachaa jaa sakey, joe aksar ack vishisht substrate prakaar, gaharaai mein rahata haye, yaa surf zone aur jwaarnadmukhon kaa upayog kartaa haye. kishore aksar paripakva honey key saath-saath nivaas sthaan kii pasand mein vishisht parivartan dikhaate hain, aksar gahare paani kii or badhate hain. parivaar key kissy bhee sadasya koo pravaasi andolanon seey gujarane key liye naheen jaanaa jaataa haye, aur kishoron koo titar-bitar karane key liye dhaaraon parr nirbhar honey key kaaran apekshaakrit kamjor tairaakon key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa haye.
jeev vigyaan.
aahar aur bhojan.
smelt-whittings benthic mansahari hain, jinamen sabhi prajaatiyan hain jinake aahar kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa haye joe samaan shikaar prathmiktaon koo darshaate hain. kaee anya teleost machhliyon kii tulanaa mein smelt-whitting mein achchi tarah seey vikasit chemosensory system hain, jisamen naak key baahari sire parr uchch swaad vaali cully ghanatva hoti haye. paryaavaran kii ashanti aur ashanti yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye dikhaai detee haye kii kissy vyakti mein samvedi pranaaliyan kitni achchi tarah seey vikasit hain. thyland, phillippeans aur australia key jall seey adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii polychates, vibhinn prakaar key crustatian, molsk aur kuchh hudd taka echinoderm aur machhali parivaar kii pramukh shikaar vastuen hain. aamtaur parr liye jaane vaale crustatian mein decapods, copepods aur isopods shamil hain, jabaki pramukh molsk bivelove kii vibhinn prajaatiyan hain, vishesh roop seey asurakshit saiphan filter joe gole seey nikalate hain. adhyayan kii gaee sabhi prajaatiyon mein, aahar parivartan kaa kuchh roop machhliyon key paripakva honey key saath hotaa haye, joe aksar gahare paani mein jaane aur iss prakaar nae sambhaavit shikaar key liye ack andolan seey judaa hotaa haye. kishore aksar planctonic shikaar kaa shikaar karate hain, jisamen chhote coppods, isopods aur anya chhote crustatian aksar liye jaate hain. jabaki kaee prajaatiyon mein antar-vishisht pratispardha koo cumm karane key liye sthaan mein parivartan hotaa haye, aksar ack bhaugolik kshetra mein rahane vaale silaginid kii kaee prajaatiyan hoti hain. jahan yeh hotaa haye, vahaan aksar prajaatiyon key beach nishchit aahar antar hotey hain, joe aksar ack vishisht visheshagyata seey judey hotey hain. silaginid key vishisht shareer key aakar aur munh kaa sthaan neeche seey khaane key liye ack anukoolan haye, joe sabhi safed prajaatiyon key liye bhojan karane kaa pramukh tarika haye. apane protrusile jabadon aur tube jaise munh kaa upayog karke vibhinn prakaar key shikaar koo samudra key substrate mein, oopar yaa oopar seey choosane key liye, saath hii saath substrate key madhyam seey khudai karane key liye apani naak kaa upayog karke sabhi badey safed bhojan. 
sabooton kaa ack badaa hissa haye joe darshaata haye kii safed rung khaane key dauran drishya sanketon parr bharosa naheen kartaa haye, isake bajaay unake shikaar dwara utsarjit compans parr adharit pranali kaa upayog kartaa haye.
shikari.
adhikansh pranaliyon kii khaadya shrinkhala mein smelt-whitting ack pramukh kadee haye, aur aksar vibhinn prakaar key jaleey aur havaai shikariyon kaa shikaar hoe jaate hain. unake mukhya jaleey shikari badee machhliyon kii ack vistrit vividhata hain, jinamen telest aur vibhinn prakaar kii shark aur kiranen shamil hain. seal aur dolphin sahit samudri standhaariyon ney mukhya khaadya srot key roop mein sylloginids koo lene kii soochana dee haye. samudri pakshi bhee parivaar key ack anya pramukh shikari hain, jisamen gotakhor prajaatiyan jaise kii jalchar gahare paani mein purani machhali lete hain jabaki uthale paani mein kishore machhali pakshiyon kaa shikaar hoti haye. silaginids koo aksar 'sandboarers' kahaa jaataa haye kyonki way shikariyon seey bachane key liye khud koo substrate mein dafanaane kii aadat rakhate hain, usee tarah jaise way chaara lagaate hain, apani naak koo substrate mein jotate hain. iss raksha kaa upayog maanav machuaaron key khilaf bhee kiya jaataa haye, joe aksar dafan machhali key liye nange pair jaate hain. silaginidae vibhinn prakaar key achchi tarah seey adhyayan kiye gaye aantarik aur baahari parjeeviyon key liye bhee mezban hain, jinhen pramukhta seey diagenia, monogenia aur maxosporia, kopoda aur nematoda samoohon dwara darshaaya jaataa haye.
prajanan.
silaginidae ack andakar, gair-rakshak parivaar haye, jisaki prajaati ack dusare key samaan prajanan pattern dikhaati haye. pratyek prajaati thodi alag umr mein yaun paripakvata taka pahunchati haye, jisamen pratyek ling aksar paripakvata key samay mein asamaanta dikhaata haye. pratyek prajaati ack alag mausam mein bhee paida hoti haye aur andey dene kaa mausam aksar ack prajaati key bheetar bhinn hotaa haye, aamtaur parr akshansh key kaary key roop mein; ack visheshta joe sylloginids key liye advitiya naheen haye. andey dene key tata kii nikatata bhee prajaatiyon key beach alag-alag haye, kyonki pratyek prajaati aamtaur parr andey dene key liye samudra key ander pravaas naheen karati haye, bhale hii kishoron koo suraksha key liye uthale paani kii aavashyakta hoe, isake bajaay dhaaraon parr bharosa karein. sylloginids kii prajanan kshamata parivartansheel hoti haye, samanya seema 50,000-100,000 key beach hoti haye. andey chhote (0.6 seey 0.8 mimi), golakar aur pelogic hotey hain, nishechan key lagbhag 20 dinon baad andey nikalate hain. larva kaafee samaan hotey hain, prajaatiyon key beach pehchaan karane key liye ack prashikshit vikasatmak jeevvigyaani kii aavashyakta hoti haye. larva aur kishore samudra kii dhaaraon kii dayaa parr hain, joe sakriya roop seey tatrekha kii talash karane key liye bahut kamjor tairak hain. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii dhaaraaen mukhya bhoomi kii prajaatiyon key apatatiya dweepon mein vitaran key saath-saath "silago sihama" key vartamaan vyaapak vitaran key liye jimmedaar hain. sabhi adhyayan kii gaee prajaatiyon mein, kishore sanrakshit tatbandhon, jwaar-bhaata, khaadi aur lagoon key saath-saath ujagar surf kshetron mein uthale paani mein rahate hain, aamtaur parr jwaariya flat aur seagrass bedd parr. jaise-jaise machhali paripakva hoti haye, way aam taur parr gahare paani mein chully jaati hain, joe aahar mein badalaav dikhaati haye.
manushyon key saath sambandh.
silaginids bhaarat-prashant kshetra mein kuchh sabse mahatvapurna vaanijyik machhaliyan hain, jinamen seey kuchh prajaatiyan safed machhali pakadane vaali machhliyon kaa badaa hissa hain. unaki uchch sankhya, unake atyadhik sammaanit maans key saath iska kaaran haye, aur unaki tateey prakriti ney unhein kaee deshon mein manoranjak machuaaron key liye lokpriya lakshya bhee banaa diyaa haye. kuchh kshetron mein atyadhik machhali pakadane key kaaran, tikaau jaleey krishi ney kaee silaginid prajaatiyon kii vaanijyik kheti kii anumati dee haye, saath hii saath cumm hue muhaane koo phir seey jamaa karane key liye kheti kii gaee machhali kaa upayog kiya haye. cumm seey cumm ack prajaati, gangetic whitting, kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi khaare paani key aquaria mein kiya jaataa haye.
vaanijyik matsya paalan.
ack chhoti sankhya mein silaginids kii badee aabaadi haye joe ack poore machhali pakadane vaale koo unake aspas rahane kii anumati detee haye, jisamen king george whitting, uttari whitting, japani whitting, rait whitting aur school pramukh prajaatiyon koo whitting karate hain. poore parivaar key liye pakadane kaa koee vishvasaniya anuman naheen haye, kyonki pakadane key aankadon mein aam taur parr kewal badee sankhya mein lii gaee prajaatiyan shamil hoti hain, lekin kuchh prajaatiyan hain joe backatch kii mahatvapurna sankhya banaati hain. iss samasya koo badhaane key liye, cumm gyaat prajaatiyon mein seey kaee koo nirvaah matsya paalan dwara liya jaataa haye aur report naheen kiya jaataa haye. halanki, aff. aeye. oh. key anumaanon seey yeh spasht haye kii yeh parivaar hind-prashant kshetra mein sabse mahatvapurna haye, jisamen akele 1990 mein 22 718 tunn kaa anumaanit jalgrahan huaa thaa. isi report mein, yeh dikhaaya gayaa thaa kii silaginids key sabse badey teen upayogkarta kramshah phillippeans, paschimi australia aur thyland they. abhilekhon ney yeh bhee sujhaav diyaa kii pakad 1983 seey badhee jaba yeh 17,570 tunn thee, 1990 mein 22 718 tunn key antim anuman taka. taba seey aisaa koee anuman naheen lagaaya gayaa haye. australia key liye aadhunik record bataate hain kii yeh pravritti ulat gaee haye, jisamen australia key sabhi catch 1990 key 6000 tunn kii tulanaa mein 2006 mein kull 4,372 tunn they. iss tarah kii tulanaa key liye anya deshon key aankade upalabdh naheen hain.
silaginids koo vibhinn prakaar key machhali pakadane key tarikon seey liya jaataa haye, jisamen mukhya roop seey samudra tata key seein jaal aur cast nett kaa upayog karke inshore catch liye jaate hain. silaginids kii satark prakriti key kaaran, ack cast nett key saath machhali pakadane mein saksham honey key liye chupchaap rengane parr kaushal kii aavashyakta hoti haye, anubhavi machuaare aksar ack school kii or dhoop mein paddle karate hain aur nett daalane seey pahale dheere-dheere usa parr bahate hain. gahare paani mein, vaanijyik troller aur longliner sabse adhik machhali lete hain, jisamen kaee silaginids koo jhaag troll mein bicatch key roop mein liya jaataa haye. machhliyon koo aam taur parr vibhinn naamon key tahat sthaaniya roop seey taaja vipanan kiya jaataa haye, jisamen "asuos" aamtaur parr kaee deshon mein vibhinn sylloginids key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. australia mein cumm seey cumm ack niryaat matsya paalan maujood haye. flindersey "koo thyland koo niryaat kiya jaataa haye jahan machhali koo phir seey paik kiya jaataa haye aur japan koo jamaa curr bheja jaataa haye.
manoranjak matsya paalan.
australia aur japan mein, parivaar key sadasyon kii machhali pakadane vaalon dwara unake khel aur khaane key gunon key liye atyadhik maang kii jaati haye, jisamen machhali pakadane vaale aksar kuchh kshetron mein vaanijyik machuaaron kii tulanaa mein adhik lete hain. sabhi sylloginids key liye machhali pakadane kii takneeken kaafee samaan hain, uthale aavason key liye aksar prakaash rekha aur shaant andolanon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. samudra taton, muhaane aur jetty key aspas jwaariya flats key saath, jahan seey kaee safed prajaatiyon koo naav kii aavashyakta key binaa pakada jaataa haye, unaki pahunch key kaaran bhee safed rung key janwar lokpriya hain. jwaariya andolan bhee pakad koo prabhaavit karate hain, jaisa kii chandra charanon mein hotaa haye, jisase jwaar badal rhaa hotaa haye tou 'kaat' lagata haye. upayog kiye jaane vaale handle koo machhali koo daraane seey bachane key liye halka rakhaa jaataa haye, aur aksar kewal ack saral setup kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jisamen ack hook aur light sinker seedhe mukhya rekha seey bandha hotaa haye joe aamtaur parr prabhaavi hotaa haye. naavon seey gahare paani mein machhali pakadi jaati haye yaa jahaan dhaaraaen majboot hoti hain, adhik jatil rigg kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, aksar nishan parr dropper loop seey bandhe hook key saath. australia mein, kuchh visheshagya safed machuaare joe surf mein yaa uthale taton parr machhali koo nishana banaate hain, way machhali koo aakarshit karane key liye laal motiyon yaa nalikaon kaa upayog karate hain, yeh daavaa karate hue kii vidhi adhik machhali paida karati haye. upayog kiya jaane vaalaa chaara aam taur parr aspas key vatavaran seey kuchh bhee hotaa haye, jiss parr safed rung key loga praakritik roop seey shikaar karate hain, jisamen polychates, bivelove, crustatian jaise jheenge aur kekade, safelopod aur chhoti machhali adhikansh prajaatiyon key liye prabhaavi hoti hain. adhikansh prajaatiyon key saath, jeevit chaara behtar catch kaa utpaadan karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. safed rung key liye pralobhan machhali pakadane kaa abhyaas aam taur parr naheen kiya jaataa haye, lekin khaare paani kii makkhiyon kaa upayog achche prabhaav key liye kiya jaataa haye, kyonki chhote naram plastic key luur aur satah key luur jaise popper aur chhadi key batts bhaagati hui machhali yaa jheenge kii nakal karate hain. iss prakaar kii machhali pakadane kii lokpriyata pichhale kuchh varshon mein badhee haye. kuchh kshetron mein, machhali kii matra aur aakar parr pratibandh lagu hain aur matsya adhikaariyon dwara lagu kiye jaate hain.
jaleey krishi.
asia aur bhaarat mein kaee silaginid prajaatiyan khaare paani key jaleey krishi kaa vishay rahee hain, jinamen aiss sahit prajaatiyan shamil hain. japonica "aamtaur parr upbhog key liye nasl kii jaati haye. australia mein, rait safed aur king george safed key prajanan mein shodh kiya gayaa haye, aur abb taka kewal rait safed vaanijyik vyavaharyata key liye vaadaa dikhaata haye. king george whitting koo tikaau honey mein bahut lamba samay lagata haye, lekin vikas harmon key upayog kii jaanch kii jaa rahee haye. australia mein, jaleey-saanskritik roop seey naslit rait key safed rung kaa upayog bhee cumm hoe chuke muhaane koo ikattha karane key liye kiya gayaa haye.

