nirmaan star siddhant

samajik manovigyaan mein construal leval theory (see. ell. tii.) ack siddhant haye joe manovaigyaanik doori aur logon kii soch (ee.) key beach key sambandh kaa varnan kartaa haye.jee.vastuon aur ghatnaaon key baare mein) amoort yaa thhos haye. clut kaa mool vichaar yeh haye kii ack vastu vyakti seey jitani adhik door hogi, utanaa hii adhik amoort isake baare mein socha jaayega, jabaki vastu jitani karib hogi, utanaa hii adhik thhos roop seey isake baare mein socha jaayega. see. ell. tii. mein, manovaigyaanik doori koo kaee aayamon parr paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye-laukik, sthaanik, samajik aur kaalpanik doori koo sabse mahatvapurna maanaa jaa rhaa haye, halanki samajik manovaigyanikon key beach soochanaatmak, anubhavaatmak yaa bhavatmak doori jaise aage key aayamon key baare mein kuchh bahas haye. iss siddhant koo israel key samajik manovaigyaanik neera lieberman aur americi manovaigyaanik yakov trope dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa.
ack varsh pahale seey (door key bhavishya mein) apani agali grishmakaaleen chhutti kii yojana banaane seey sthiti kii vyaapak, asangat visheshtaon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya jaa sakata haye (jaise.jee.manoranjan aur vishram kaa anuman lagaate hue), vahee chhutti joe bahut jald honey kii yojana haye, vartamaan sthiti kii vishisht visheshtaon parr dhyaan kendrit karane kaa kaaran banegi (jaise.jee. kinn restaraan key liye aarakshan karna haye, ack off-road vaahan mein yatra key liye jaanaa).
construal star key siddhant key anusaar loga una ghatnaaon koo samajhate hain joe kaee prakaar kii manovaigyaanik doori mein bhinn hoti hainh
manovaigyaanik doori usa hudd taka prabhaavit karati haye jiss taka humm kissy ghatana, vyakti yaa vichaar key baare mein uchch yaa nimn star key roop mein sochate hain, aur yeh prabhaavit karega kii way vichaar kitane thhos yaa amoort hainh
nirmaan key star.
clut mansik sanrachanaon koo dou staron mein vibhajit kartaa haih uchch-star aur nimn-star. uchch-stariya nirmaan ack badey-chitra key tareeke seey sochane kaa ack tarika haye. yeh ack atimaanyataapurna yaa kendriya drishtikon haye, joe sthiti key samagr vichaar key baare mein sochata haye aur sthiti kaa mukhya saar nikaalata haye. nimn-stariya nirmaan adhik vistaar-unmukh yaa adheenasth vichaar prakriyaaen hain. udaaharan key liye, koee bhee bachche uchch yaa nimn star key tareeke seey catch khelane key baare mein soch sakata haye. yadi koee uchch star parr bachchon kii gatividhi key baare mein sochata haye, tou koee iss gatividhi koo "bachchon key manoranjan" key roop mein varnit curr sakata haye. jabaki, yadi koee cumm star parr bachchon kii gatividhi key baare mein sochata haye, tou vaha adhik vishisht, tatkaal vivaranon parr dhyaan kendrit karega, jaise kii gend kaa rung yaa bachchon kii umr. nimn star parr, iss baat parr adhik jore diyaa jaataa haye kii sthiti dusaron seey kaise alag haye, jabaki uchch star parr yeh pataa lagaane parr adhik dhyaan diyaa jaataa haye kii way kaise samaan hain. iss prakaar kaun see adheenasth visheshataaen sthiti parr nirbhar curr sakati hain, jabaki kendriya, uchch-stariya visheshataaen naheen.
nirmaan star bhee nirnay lene mein vaanchhaniyataa aur vyavaharyata chintaon seey sambandhit haye. kissy vastu, ghatana yaa kaary key crum kii vaanchhaniyataa parr vichaar karna antim parinam parr adhik mahatva detaa haye aur yeh ack uchch-stariya dhaarana yaa sochane kaa tarika haye. doosari or, vyavaharyata parr vichaar karate hue, sadhanon yaa antim parinam taka pahunchane key tareeke parr adhik dhyaan kendrit kiya jaataa haye aur yeh ack nimn-stariya dhaarana yaa sochane kaa tarika haye. yaani, uchch star "kyon" parr adhik dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye, jabaki nimn star "kaise" parr adhik dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye.
manovaigyaanik doori key prakaar.
see. ell. tii. key anusaar, manovaigyaanik roop seey door kii ghatnaaon koo uchch star parr maanaa jaataa haye, jabaki manovaigyaanik roop seey nikat ghatnaaon koo nimn star parr maanaa jaataa haye. manovaigyaanik doori key kaee alag-alag prakaar hain. laukik doori, sthaanik doori, samajik doori aur kaalpanik doori way hain jinn parr shodh mein sabse adhik dhyaan diyaa gayaa haye.
asthaayi doori.
asthaayi doori samay mein doori koo sandarbhit karati haye. kuchh joe asthaayi roop seey nikat haye vaha kuchh aisaa haye joe samay key nikat haye, jabaki kuchh aisaa joe asthaayi roop seey door haye vaha samay mein door haye. udaaharan key liye, ack saptah mein honey vaali yatra key baare mein sochane kii tulanaa mein chhah maheene mein honey vaali yatra key baare mein sochane mein adhik asthaayi doori haye. bhavishya kii ghatnaaon kii kalpana karane key liye asthaayi doori unake hamaare mulyankan pratinidhitva koo iss tarah seey sanshodhit karati haye kii doori jitani adhik hogi, ghatana kii kuchh amoort visheshtaon key sandarbh mein avadharana kii jaane kii adhik sambhavana hogi. yeh sambhaavit khatron yaa jokhimon key mamle mein praasangik haye kyonki yeh tantra hamein sambhaavit avaanchhaniya parinamon kii vaastaviktaa seey sangyanatmak roop seey alag curr detaa haye. trop aur lieberman key anusaar, nikat aur door key bhavishya key liye yojana banaane key baare mein shodh key lambe itihas koo see. ell. tii. dwara samajhaaya jaa sakata haye.
yojana kii bhranti.
yojana kii bhranti kaa varnan haye kii kaise loga bhavishya key baare mein vistaar seey sachet roop seey naheen sochate hain. yeh logon koo bhavishya mein vibhinn ghatnaaon key prati atee-pratibaddh banaata haye. phir unhein ehsas hotaa haye kii jaise-jaise ghatanaaen karib aatee jaati hain kii way sambhavatah una sabhi karyon koo puuraa naheen curr sakate hain jinaki unhone yojana banaai thee. yeh ghatnaaon key overlapping key kaaran hoe sakata haye, yaa unaki pichhali sabhi yojanaon key liye poori tarah seey pratibaddh honey kaa samay naheen hoe sakata haye.
see. ell. tii. key anusaar, yojana kii bhranti isaliye hoti haye kyonki door key bhavishya mein ghatnaaon koo uchch, adhik amoort star parr maanaa jaataa haye, jabaki nikat bhavishya mein ghatnaaon koo nimn, adhik thhos star parr maanaa jaataa haye. ack adhyayan mein, college key chhatron seey yeh ingit karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa kii way adhyayan, kakshaon mein bhaag lene, vyayam aadi jaisi vibhinn gatividhiyon parr kitane ghante bitaane kii yojana banaa rahey hain. nikat bhavishya mein ack saptah key dauran (agale saptah) yaa door key bhavishya mein ack saptah (kuchh maheenon baad honey vaalaa ack saptah). nikat bhavishya key liye yojana banaate samay, chhatron key anumaanon mein kii way pratyek gatividhi parr kitna samay kharch karenge, iss tathya koo dhyaan mein rakhaa gayaa kii ack gatividhi parr kharch kiya gayaa samay dusare parr kharch kiye gaye samay kii keemat parr aayega (jaise.jee.vyayam karane mein lagane vaalaa samay adhyayan mein bitaaye gaye samay kii keemat parr aaa sakata haye). haalaanki, door key bhavishya key liye yojana banaate samay, chhatron key anumaanon mein kii way vibhinn gatividhiyon parr kitna samay bitaayenge, inn vyaavhaarik seemaon koo dhyaan mein naheen rakhaa gayaa, aur unhone gatividhiyon kii yojana banaai jaise kii unake paas aseemit samay aur sansaadhan they. shodhkartaon key anusaar, samay kii kamee aur gatividhiyon key beach sangharsh gatividhi kii vyavaharyata koo prabhaavit karane vaale kaarak hain aur iss prakaar nimn star key hain aur nikat bhavishya kii yojana kaa dhyaan kendrit honey kii adhik sambhavana haye. doosari or, jaba saptah kii yojana banaai jaa rahee thee, tou vaanchhaniyataa kii chintaaen (pratyek gatividhi kitni aakarshak thee), joe uchch star kii theen, chhatron kii yojanaon kaa kendra bindu theen.
samay kii chhoot.
samay chhoot yaa asthaayi chhoot vichaaron kii ack vistrit shrinkhala haye jisamen samay aur usa seema key beach sambandh shamil haye jiss taka ack vastu, sthiti yaa kaarravaai key pathyakram koo moolyavaan maanaa jaataa haye. samagr siddhant yeh haye kii loga tatkaal ghatnaaon aur parinamon mein adhik moolya aur moolya rakhate hain, aur bhavishya key parinamon yaa ghatnaaon parr cumm moolya lagu karate hain. trop aur lieberman key anusaar, clott ack aisee ruprekha pradaan curr sakata haye jisake saath asthaayi chhoot anusandhaan dwara varnit ghatnaaon kii vyaapak shrinkhala koo samajha jaa sakey. vibhinn nirdhaaran usa seema taka bhinn hoe sakate hain jiss taka way sakaratmak yaa nakaratmak mulyankan seey judey hain. ack amoort, uchch-stariya gatividhi (ee.jee.french bolna seekhana") usa gatividhi key ack thhos, nimn-stariya nirdhaaran (ee.jee., aniyamit french kriya 'avoir' koo sanyojit karna seekhana). iss prakaar, clott bhavishyavani kartaa haye kii humm nikat bhavishya mein kissy ghatana kaa mulyankan karate samay nimn-stariya sanrachanaon key moolya key baare mein sochenge, lekin door key bhavishya mein kissy ghatana kaa mulyankan karate samay uchch-stariya sanrachanaon key moolya key baare mein sochenge. iss prakaar clott bhavishyavani kartaa haye kii jaba nimn-stariya nirmaan adhik moolyavaan hotey hain, tou samay kii deree seey kissy vikalp key aakarshan mein chhoot milegi, lekin jaba uchch-stariya nirmaan adhik moolyavaan hotey hain, tou samay kii deree seey iska aakarshan badhega. iss prakaar, chhoot darr prabhaavit hoti haye aur ghatana yaa parinam parr rakhe gaye moolya kii raashi seey maapi jaati haye. yadi koee chhota puraskar haye, tou usey adhik chhoot kii tulanaa mein adhik teji seey diyaa jaataa haye.
sthaanik doori.
sthaanik doori vaha bhautik doori haye jiss parr ghatanaaen ack dusare seey hoe rahee hain. yadi karyakram, jaise kii snaatak, sadak key neeche hoe rhaa haye tou ise nimn star parr sansaadhit kiya jaa rhaa haye. yadi snaatak kissy anya raajya mein hoe rhaa haye, tou ise uchch star parr sansaadhit kiya jaataa haye. jaba koee ghatana kissy vyakti seey door sthit hoti haye, tou usey adhik amoort roop seey dekhaa jaataa haye. isi tarah, jaba ghatanaaen nikat sthaan parr hoti hain tou unhein adhik thhos roop seey dekhaa jaataa haye.
ack adhyayan mein, yeh paaya gayaa kii joe pratibhaagi ghatana key paas key bajaay ack sthaanik roop seey door kii kalpana karate hain (ack dost koo sthaaniya kshetra key bajaay 3,000 meal door ack apartment mein jaane mein madad karate hain, jahaan pratibhaagi rahata haye) way uchch-stariya raajyon (jaise.jee., ghar koo surakshit karna") nimn-stariya arth (ee.jee., taalaa mein ack chaabi dalna").
samajik doori.
samajik doori dou yaa dou seey adhik samajik samoohon yaa vyaktiyon key beach sthaan kaa maap haye. samajik doori samooh key bheetar logon kii bhavna aur way anya samooh key sadasyon key saath kaise baatchit karate hain, isake baare mein adhik haye. yadi koee samajik samooh kissy anya samooh key saath surakshit aur khula mahsoos kartaa haye tou way nikat doori kaa pradarshan karenge. yeh taba bhee hoe sakata haye jaba way mahsoos karate hain kii anya samajik samooh unake samooh key samaan hain, isaliye samooh koo unake samajik samooh key vistaar key roop mein dekhate hain. iss mamle mein, ack samooh asurakshit mahsoos kartaa haye aur door kii doori parr samoohon seey door rahata haye. door kii doori taba hoti haye jaba ack samajik samooh key loga mahsoos karate hain kii way dusare samooh seey sambandhit naheen hoe sakate hain.
parasparik samaantaa samajik doori kaa ack aur roop haye. hamaare liye koee jitna adhik samaan haye, way samajik roop seey utane hii adhik nikat prateet hotey hain. shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii kissy vyakti dwara kii gaee kriya joe swayam seey bhinn haye, usey kissy aise vyakti dwara kii gaee kriya kii tulanaa mein adhik amoort shabdon mein samajha jaataa haye joe adhik samaan haye, joe yeh sujhaav detaa haye kii samaantaa manovaigyaanik doori key roop mein kaary karati haye.
vaha kshetra jahan samajik doori aur sthaanik antar milate hain, vaha bhasha mein haye. jaba loga dosti key baare mein baat karate hain, tou way aksar apane doston seey samajik doori koo sthaanik doori kaa varnan karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale shabdon key saath vyakt karate hain. upayog kii jaane vaali bhaashaon kaa tatparya haye kii doston key mansik sambandhon key beach shaaririk sthaan haye. udaaharan key liye, koee vyakti kissy anya vyakti key baare mein kaha sakata haye "humm abhee vipareet pakshon mein hain.
kaalpanik doori.
kaalpanik doori ack anya prakaar kii manovaigyaanik doori haye jise sthir star siddhant dwara varnit kiya gayaa haye. kalpanikta ack ghatana kii sambhavana koo sandarbhit karati haye. ack kaalpanik roop seey nikat ghatana vaha haye joe atyadhik sambhaavit haye, jabaki ack kaalpanik roop seey door kii ghatana vaha haye joe atyadhik asambhav haye. kaalpanik doori mein doori kaa sambandh vaastaviktaa key kitane karib haye, isase haye. see. ell. tii. key anusaar, atyadhik sambhaavit ghatnaaon koo nimn star key nirmaan parr sansaadhit kiya jaayega aur atyadhik sambhavana vaali ghatnaaon koo uchch star key nirmaan parr sansaadhit kiya jaayega.
uchch star parr kissy cheez key baare mein sochane kaa ack tarika haye vyaapak amoort shreniyon (jaise.jee.sankeern adheenasth shreniyon (jaise kapade) key bajaay.jee., mini-scurt). ack adhyayan mein, pratibhagiyon koo ack gatividhi mein shamil honey kii kalpana karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa, jaise kii ack shivir yatra parr jaanaa, joe yaa tou atyadhik sambhavana thee yaa atyadhik sambhavana naheen thee. pratibhagiyon koo taba usa gatividhi seey sambandhit vastuon yaa ghatnaaon kii ack soochi dee gaee thee (jaise.jee.sabun, nahaane kaa soot, raft, sneakers, flashlight) aur unhein shreniyon mein samoohit karane key liye kahaa. jinn pratibhagiyon ney ack asambhav ghatana kii kalpana kii thee, unhone vastuon koo una logon kii tulanaa mein cumm vyaapak shreniyon mein vargeekrit kiya jinhone ack sambhaavit ghatana kii kalpana kii thee, jabaki jinn logon ney sambhaavit ghatana kii kalpana kii thee, unhone sankeern shreniyon parr dhyaan kendrit karke ack nimn-stariya sanrachana kaa upayog kiya.
ashawad kaalpanik doori mein ack bhoomika nibhaata haye. ashawad taba prabhaavit curr sakata haye jaba loga bhavishya key liye yojana banaate hain aur yojana prakriya mein kitni trutiyaan hoti hain. jaba loga door key bhavishya kii yojana banaa rahey hotey hain, tou way amoort roop seey yojana banaa rahey hotey hain aur aksar ashawadi hotey hain. jaba loga bhavishya kii ghatnaaon key baare mein kalpana karate hain, tou way maanate hain kii harr pahalu unaki yojanaon key anusaar jaane vaalaa haye.
dhaaranaaen.
manovigyaan key lagbhag sabhi pahaluon mein dhaaranaaen sthir star key siddhant seey prabhaavit hoti hain. vibhinn prakaar kii manovaigyaanik doori key beach majboot sambandh aur samaantaaen paaee gaee hain. inmein laukik, sthaanik, vyaktigat aur samajik doori shamil hain. jaba inmein seey ack star parr doori badhati haye, tou dusare star bhee badh jaate hain. inn vibhinn prakaar kii manovaigyaanik doori ack dusare key saath bahut adhik sahsambaddh paaee gaee haye. yeh dekhane key liye kii kyaa yeh samajik doori kii dhaarana koo bhee prabhaavit karega, asthaayi doori key pareekshan key madhyam seey dikhaaya gayaa thaa. inke samaan parinam paae gaye, kyonki jaise-jaise doori kaa ack star oopar jaataa haye, vaise-vaise doosara bhee hotaa haye. isaliye jaba samay adhik door hotaa haye aur kissy anya vyakti key saath judaa hotaa haye, tou iss vyakti koo apane jaisa cumm maanaa jaataa haye, aur iss prakaar samajik roop seey adhik door maanaa jaataa haye. isaliye, laukik aur samajik doori parichitata koo badhaa yaa cumm curr sakati haye. isake alawa, parichitata kii kamee (samajik doori mein vriddhi) roodhivaadita, sahaanubhooti key star aur iss vyakti kii madad karane key liye logon kii ichcha seey judey bhedbhaav koo prabhaavit curr sakati haye. iss prakaar, kissy bhee prakaar kii manovaigyaanik doori badhaane seey samajik roop seey door key samoohon yaa vyaktiyon key beach sambandhon key liye nakaratmak parinam hoe sakate hain.
see. ell. tii. koo lagbhag kissy bhee sthiti mein lagu kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, adhik door yaa uchch-stariya samajh mein sochane vaale loga vyaapak pareekshaon key liye adhik khule honge, joe vishay key vyaapak vichaar koo shamil karate hain, jabaki nimn-stariya samajh mein sochane vaale loga yaa adhik nikat bhavishya mein ack vistrit-vishisht pareekshan key saath adhik santusht hotey hain. ack adhyayan mein, pratibhagiyon ney nikat yaa door key bhavishya key vichaaron key saath jodee banaai gaee kaee aanshik chitron koo dekhaa. jaba inn chhaviyon koo dekhate hue, nikat bhavishya key vichaar key saath, pratibhaagi chhavi koo ack poori thhos chhavi key roop mein dekhane mein adhik saksham they, jabaki unake paas door key bhavishya kii chhaviyon kii adhik amoort vyaakhyaaen theen.
nirnay.
loga apane jeevan key sabhi pahaluon kaa nyaay karate hain, jisamen ghatanaaen, loga aur samaaj shamil hain. yadi koee ghatana samay key karib haye, tou humm thhos nimn-stariya sanrachanaon key sandarbh mein sochane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain, jisase vivaran adhik mahatvapurna hoe jaate hain. yadi koee ghatana aur door haye, tou humm uchch-stariya siddhanton kaa paalan karane vaale samagr amoort vichaaron key sandarbh mein adhik sochate hain. jaba yeh nirnay liya jaataa haye kii kissy kaary koo puuraa karane mein kitna samay lagata haye, tou adhyayanon kii ack shrinkhala mein pratibhagiyon ney socha kii unhein kissy kaary koo puuraa karane mein adhik samay lagega jaba yeh bhavishya mein aage (asthaayi roop seey door) hoga, jise kaalpanik (kaalpanik roop seey door) key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa yaa jaba way pahale seey hii amoort vichaaron key saath praathamik they. smritiyaan vibhinn sthir staron aur doori seey bhee prabhaavit hoe sakati hain. aage kissy key ateet mein ack ghatana hui, adhik amoort, uchch-stariya soch hoti haye. jaba bahut pahale kii yaadon koo yaad kiya jaataa haye, tou ghatana key ack amoort, samagr, uchch-stariya vichaar kaa upayog kiye jaane kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye. jaba kuchh aur haal kii yaad aatee haye, tou ise adhik nimn-stariya vivaranon parr dhyaan kendrit karane key saath adhik thhos roop seey kiya jaa sakata haye.
roodhibaddh.
see. ell. tii. kaa upayog roodhivaaditaon koo samajhaane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. logon yaa samoohon key hamaare pratinidhitva kii amurtata una logon key baare mein hamaare nirnay koo badal sakati haye joe hamaare samaan shreniyon mein fitt naheen hain aur isaliye samajik roop seey adhik door hain. udaaharan key liye, jaba loga ack alag samooh koo adhik door yaa uchch-stariya tareeke seey dekhate hain, tou koee bhee aasaani seey amoort yaa kendrikrit vichaaron kaa upayog curr sakata haye. maull mein kishoron key ack samooh koo dekhate hue, ack vayask soch sakata haye kii way kuchh bhee achchha naheen curr rahey hain, yaa way pareshani paida karane vaale hain. yeh ack samagr amoort aur kendrikrit drishtikon haye joe samooh key kewal ack vyaapak pahalu parr kendrit haye. yeye vichaar aamtaur parr galat hotey hain, aur roodhivaadita aur bhedbhaav kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. isi tarah, nichale star parr dusaron key baare mein sochana, jaise kii aise loga jinhen vyakti vyaktigat roop seey jaanata haye (i.ee.cumm door key loga), una logon key baare mein adhik vistrit vichaaron aur dhaaranaon kii anumati detaa haye. isaliye, yeye dhaaranaaen aksar adhik sahee hoti hain aur roodhivaadita banaane yaa majboot karane kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye. samoohon key beach jitani adhik samajik doori hogi, utanaa hii adhik yeh una samoohon key khilaf bhedbhaav koo badhaata haye joe nasleeya yaa yaun roop seey hamse alag hain. jaba logon koo iss tarah seey vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye joe swayam seey alag hotaa haye (yaani, manovaigyaanik roop seey swayam seey door) aur iss prakaar adhik amoort shabdon mein dekhaa jaataa haye, tou adhik nakaratmak prabhaav hotey hain. anya prakaar kii manovaigyaanik doori badhaana (udaa.jee., laukik, sthaanik) samoohon key beach samajik doori badhaa sakate hain, jisase inn nakaratmak antar-samooh parinamon mein seey adhik hoe sakate hain.
vargeekaran.
humm vibhinn sanrachanaatmak staron key upayog key aadhar parr shreniyan banaate hain. yeh aakar detaa haye kii humm cheejon koo ack jaise yaa alag kaise dekhate hain. aam taur parr, jaba humm vastuon, sthitiyon, yaa logon key baare mein amoort, uchch-stariya shabdon mein sochate hain, tou humm unhein vyaapak shreniyon (jaise.jee., rasoi key bartan"). jaba humm nimn-stariya shabdon mein sochate hain, tou humm sankeern aur adhik vishisht upshreniyon (jaise.jee., platein", "bartan"). shreniyaan vibhinn prakaar key logon kii hoe sakati hain jahan joe loga shaaririk roop seey adhik door hain yaa hamse alag hain, unhein dusaron key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye yaa humm seey alag samoohon key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh samooh bandhan banaa sakata haye, saath hii saath aise drishtikon joe baahari samoohon key prati bhinn hotey hain. humm khud koo bhee vargeekrit curr sakate hain, iska upayog aksar taba kiya jaataa haye jaba loga apane vishisht gunon key baare mein soch rahey hotey hain, yaa adhik kii way kull milakar kaun hain. isaliye jaba loga vartamaan mein apane baare mein sochate hain, tou way apane vyaktigat thhos gunon parr adhik vistaar seey dhyaan kendrit karate hain, jabaki jaba way bhavishya mein apane baare mein sochate hain, tou way adhik sochate hain kii aaney vaale varshon mein way samagr roop seey kaise honge.
nirnay lena aur jokhim bharaa vyavhaar.
doori yaa uchch-stariya nirmaan aise vaikalpik vikalp banaa sakate hain jinhen adhik vaanchhaniya banaane mein kathinaaee hoe. nikat-bhavishya yaa nimn-star key nirmaan vipareet roop seey vaikalpik vikalp banaa sakate hain jinhen cumm vaanchhaniya roop seey puuraa karna kathin haye. isaliye jokhim bharey vyavhaar koo see. ell. tii. dwara samajhaaya jaa sakata haye. uchch star key nirmaan adhik kathin yaa asambhav parinamon koo adhik aakarshak banaa sakate hain aur isaliye logon koo cumm sambhaavit parinamon key liye adhik jokhim lene kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. uchch-stariya nirmaanon kaa moolya nirdhaaran puraskaron kaa prabhaav hoe sakata haye joe adhik jokhim bharey hain, aur bhavishya mein aur adhik jokhim vaale hain. udaaharan key liye, jaba daanv nikat bhavishya kii tulanaa mein door hoga tou loga jokhim bharaa daanv lagaayenge. samay aur sambhavana key vichaaron koo aksar bahut samaan tarikon seey socha jaataa haye; isaliye, way mell khaate hain, jaisa kii ack badhata haye aur doosara bhee kartaa haye. inn donon key beach sambandh aksar swachaalit roop seey kiye jaate hain, vyakti key sachet gyaan key binaa. jaba loga uchch-stariya nivesh key baare mein sochate hain, tou way adhik jokhim lene vaale vyavhaar mein sanlagn hotey hain. jaba ack hii nivesh key baare mein nimn-stariya nirmaan mein sochate hain, tou vartamaan parr adhik dhyaan kendrit kiya jaataa haye aur yahaan aur abb key sandarbh mein jokhim kaa kyaa arth hoga. iss prakaar, nirnay key nimn star key pahaluon parr dhyaan kendrit karane seey vaastavik vivaranon parr dhyaan kendrit karke kuchh jokhim lene vaale vyavhaar koo rokaa jaa sakata haye, aur bhavishya key liye samagr sambhaavit bhavna koo cumm kiya jaa sakata haye. nirnay lene key samagr vichaar mein, clitt koo sangathanaatmak nirnay lene kii prakriyaon aur parinamon kii sahaayata yaa nuksan mein sahaayata key liye samarthit kiya gayaa haye. shodh ney adhik samanya nirnayon kii bhee jaanch kii haye, jaise kii vilamb karane kaa vikalp. adhik thhos gatividhiyaan, yaa nikat bhavishya kii ghatanaaen adhik nimn-stariya nirmaan paida karati hain, aur isaliye loga bhavishya mein aage nirdhaarit adhik amoort gatividhiyon kii tulanaa mein inn karyon key liye vilamb karane kii sambhavana cumm rakhate hain.
parasparik.
loga dusaron koo yaa tou apane seey samaan yaa alag maanate hain. jaisa kii pahale charcha kii gaee haye, yeh samajik doori key anuroop haye. yadi kissy vyakti koo apane seey cumm milata-julata maanaa jaataa haye, tou unhein samajik roop seey adhik door maanaa jaataa haye aur iss prakaar way uchch star key siddhant parr hain. yadi unhein swayam key samaan dekhaa jaataa haye, tou samajik doori cumm hoe jaati haye, jisake parinamswarup nimn-stariya niyam banate hain. uchch stariya nirmaan nae aur alag-alag logon seey milane mein logon kii ruchi paida karke samajik vividhata paida karane mein madad curr sakate hain. nimn-stariya niyam una logon key saath sambandhon key liye adhik sahayak hotey hain joe hamaare samaan hain, aur hamaare aantarik dayare aur samooh mein logon key saath pahale seey baney sambandhon koo banaae rakhane mein sahaayata karate hain. kissy nishchit sthiti yaa vyakti key sampark mein aaney kii aavritti bhee upayog kiye gaye sthir star koo prabhaavit curr sakati haye. jitani adhik baar ack vyakti kissy ghatana yaa vyakti key sampark mein aaya haye, utani hii adhik sambhavana haye kii way unakaa varnan karane key liye ack nimn-stariya drishtikon kaa upayog karane jaa rahey hain, jisamen samay key saath adhik vishisht vivaran shamil haye. isake vipareet, ack cumm parichit ghatana yaa vyakti koo sambhavatah uchch star key adhik amoort tareeke seey varnit kiya jaayega kyonki isamen shamil exposure kii kamee haye. loga inn dhaaranaon kaa upayog dusaron key saath baatchit karane aur unaki raay banaane key liye karate hain. yeye raay aksar achetan yaa swachaalit hoe sakati hain, aur iss prakaar hamesha kuchh aisaa naheen hotaa haye joe loga karane key baare mein jaanate houn. loga inn twarit nirnayon koo adhik banaate hain jaba way jiss vyakti koo nyaay dey rahey hotey hain vaha adhik sthaanik roop seey door hotaa haye. yeh ack antarnihit star parr logon kii raay koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, yeh darshaata haye kii kaise sthir star ack swachaalit ghatana haye. isake alawa, adhik manovaigyaanik doori parr, loga dusare vyakti key charitra kaa nyaay karate samay paridhiya lakshnon key bajaay kendriya lakshnon koo adhik mahatva dete hain.
samajik shakti.
samaaj mein shakti dusaron seey samajik doori banaa sakati haye jinake paas khud seey adhik yaa cumm shakti haye. shodh ney pradarshit kiya haye kii joe loga shakti kii avadharana key saath praathamik hain, way ghatnaaon koo adhik amoort, uchch-stariya tareeke seey samajhate hain. alag-alag samajik sthiti samajik doori banaa sakati haye, aur isaliye manovaigyaanik doori key anya roopon key samanantar hoe sakati haye.
vinamrata.
manovaigyaanik doori vinamrata key star koo prabhaavit curr sakati haye. uchch-stariya dhaaranaaen aur badhati doori vinamrata key sanketon koo badhaati hain, aur nimn-stariya dhaaranaaen yaa cumm door kii ghatnaaon seey vinamrata key sanketon mein kamee aatee haye. shaaririk doori bhee uchch aur nimn star kii vinamrata koo darshaati haye. udaaharan key liye, baatchit karate samay yaa shuru mein milane key baad loga ack-dusare seey jiss doori parr khade hotey hain, vaha pradarshit vinamrata key star koo nirdhaarit curr sakata haye. loga ack-dusare seey jitani doori parr khade hotey hain, baithak utani hii cumm vinamra aur adhik anaupchaarik hoti haye. ise adhik aupchaarik baatchit key dauran vinamra yaa sammaanjanak doori banaae rakhane key khilaf galey lagaane yaa galey lagaane seey ghanishth aur adhik antarang sambandhon key madhyam seey dekhaa jaa sakata haye. samajik sthitiyon mein samajik doori koo pratibimbit karane aur niyantrit karane key liye vinamra honey kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. yeh saanskritik roop seey cross-saanskritik paaya gayaa haye, joe sthir staron aur pradarshit vinamrata key star key beach sambandhon koo adhik vishvaas detaa haye. adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii vinamrata naa kewal amurtata key saath laukik aur sthaanik doori key saath badhati haye, balki vipareet roop seey badhati vinamrata bhee amurtata key uchch star key saath sthaanik aur laukik doori key star koo badhaati haye.
aatm-niyantran/aatm-niyantran.
doori aur aatm-niyantran yaa aatm-niyantran kii suvidha key beach ack sambandh haye. yeh dikhaaya gayaa haye kii bhavishya aur aage kii doori behtar tareeke seey aatm-niyaman kii suvidha pradaan karati haye, aur jaise-jaise ghatana kii doori cumm hoti haye, aatm-niyaman bhee cumm hotaa jaataa haye. jaba logon koo darr hotaa haye kii way una pralobhnon key kaaran apane lakshya koo praapt karane mein asamarth honge joe unhein vichalit curr sakate hain, tou way nirnay lene aur inn pralobhnon seey bachane key liye aatm-niyantran key tarikon koo chunate hain, iss prakaar way apane lakshya koo praapt karane kaa behtar mauka dete hain. uchch-stariya dhaarana mein sochane parr loga iss tarah seey kaary karane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain.
yeh uchch-stariya soch kuchh aatm-niyantran ranneetiyon key upayog koo badhaa sakati haye. dou aatm-niyantran ranneetiyaan hain chayan koshthak aur aatm-dund. vikalp koshthak mein, hanikarak vikalpon koo sweekaar karane aur kaee sakaratmak aur sahayak vikalpon koo nirdhaarit karane key madhyam seey, loga apane aatm-niyantran mein sahaayata karane key tareeke khoj sakate hain. swa-adhiropit dund way dund hain joe loga adhik swa-niyantrit vikalpon key bajaay aavegpurna yaa hanikarak vikalpon parr kaary karane key liye khud koo dete hain. kyonki uchch-stariya niyam aatm-niyantran kaa samarthan karate hain, uchch star parr ack aakarshak sthiti kii kalpana inn donon ranneetiyon key upayog koo badhaava detee haye aur iss prakaar aatm-niyantran mein sudhaar curr sakate hain.
samajik sangharsh, baatchit aur anunaya.
vaarta aur anunaya samajik sangharsh hain jinhen see. ell. tii. key sandarbh mein samajha jaa sakata haye. jaba baatchit kii jaati haye yaa kissy koo manaane kii koshish kii jaati haye, tou aksar badey, uchch-stariya, vichaar aur chhote, nimn-stariya vichaar hotey hain. pramukh mudde moolyon, vichardhara aur samagr maanyataon jaise pahalu hain. door key bhavishya key baare mein sochate samay yaa uchch-stariya samajh key saath pramukh mudde aksar adhik hudd taka kendrit hotey hain. chhote mudde adhik vishisht hita hain joe nikat bhavishya key baare mein sochate samay yaa nimn-stariya sanrachanaon parr kendrit hotey hain. see. ell. tii. aur prerak sanchaar kaee pahaluon mein judey hue aur paraspar sambandhit hain. jaba uchch-stariya samjhauton key sambandh mein baatchit koo dekhaa jaataa haye, tou kaee nishkarsh saamane aae hain jinhone bhavishya aur vartamaan key beach antar dikhaaya haye. jaba loga kissy parinam seey adhik asthaayi roop seey door yaa vyaktigat roop seey door hotey hain, tou unake kissy aasaan nishkarsh parr pahunchane yaa chhote uddeshyon parr samjhauta karane kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye. vartamaan aur usa samay key beach adhik doori jaba baatchit hoti haye, logon koo ack sanyukt nishkarsh parr aaney aur logg-rolling samjhauton koo praapt karane key liye adhik ichchuk banaati haye joe donon pakshon key parinamon koo adhikatam karate hain. anta mein, samanya roop seey baatchit key baare mein adhik amoort roop seey sochane seey adhik samjhaute aur parasparik roop seey laabhkaari samjhaute hotey hain.
upabhokta vyavhaar.
nirnay lene koo vibhinn sthitiyon parr lagu kiya jaa sakata haye, jaise kii upabhokta vyavhaar. uchch aur nimn star key nirmaan logon key vastuon kii khareed parr vichaar karane key tareeke koo prabhaavit karate hain. vastuon koo khareedate samay, vyavaharyata (humm vastu koo kaise khareed sakate hain) joe nimn-stariya aur vaanchhaniya (humm vastu koo kitna chaahte hain) haye joe uchch-stariya haye, humm joe khareedate hain aur humm usey kyon khareedate hain, usamen ack badee bhoomika nibhaata haye. isamen chhoot koo dekhane kaa tarika shamil haye, aur chhoot praapt karane key liye jitani adhik doori shamil haye, kharidar key chhoot kaa peechha karane kii sambhavana utani hii cumm haye. nimn-stariya nirmaan seey kathit jokhim key star mein vriddhi honey kii sambhavana bhee adhik hoti haye aur iss prakaar beema yaa suraksha yojana khareedane kii sambhavana badh jaati haye. kuchh aur doori seey kuchh khareedane parr dhyaan denaa (uchch star kaa nirmaan) vastu key kendriya pahaluon koo ujagar kartaa haye, jisase yeh aksar adhik sakaratmak aur santoshjanak lagata haye.
vigyaapan iska upayog kissy vastu key liye utsaah paida karane key tareeke key roop mein bhee kartaa haye. udaaharan key liye, cell phone vigyaapan apane utpaad key harr chhote seey vivaran kaa vigyaapan karane kii upeksha karenge, lekin isake bajaay kewal nae yaa sabse asamanya pahalu koo dikhaayenge, nae cameray yaa aavaaj suvidha koo ujagar karate hue, ise kaise chaalu aur bund kiya jaae. isase upabhokta koo yeh dekhane kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye kii bhavishya mein kyaa vigyaapan diyaa gayaa haye. vigyapandata iss ranneeti kaa upayog upbhoktaon koo company key utpaadon koo khareedane key liye uchch star aur vastu key adhik kendriya pahaluon koo ujagar karane key liye curr sakate hain. parinami star key prabhaavon key kaaran, prachaar sandesh jisamen jokhim bharey dushprabhavon kii chetavani shamil haye (sigaret key vigyaapan joe cancer seey judey jokhimon kii chetavani dete hain, udaaharan key liye) upabhokta kii kharidari koo badhaa sakate hain jaba upabhokta yeh taya karane mein deree karate hain kii kyaa unhein utpaad kaa sevan karna haye yaa naheen.
kharidari key nirnay shaaririk doori seey bhee prabhaavit hoe sakate hain. utpaad koo vyaktigat roop seey chhoone yaa dekhane mein saksham honah, banaam vastu kaa ack adhik amoort vichaar sambhaavit kharidaaron koo adhik utsaahit yaa vastu khareedane key liye pratibaddh honey key liye prabhaavit curr sakata haye. bhautik doori key yeye prabhaav sthaanik aur laukik doori key prabhaav koo pratibimbit karate hain. upabhokta vyavhaar key inn pahaluon koo companiyon dwara yeh jaankar aur upabhokta key sochane key star koo badalkar herfer kiya jaa sakata haye.
khed haye.
khed bhee upabhokta vyavhaar kaa ack badaa pahalu haye joe sthir star seey prabhaavit hotaa haye. doori badhane yaa cumm honey parr kissy key khareed vikalp parr khed alag tarah seey anubhav kiya jaataa haye. jaba upabhokta bhavishya mein kissy vastu koo pahale seey khareedata haye yaa pahale seey order kartaa haye tou upabhokta usa vistaarit samay mein apana nirnay badal sakata haye yaa pachhta sakata haye kii unhein vastu praapt karane key liye intezar karna padata haye. haalaanki, unaki pratibaddhata koo majboot karane seey iska vipareet prabhaav bhee hoe sakata haye, aur yeh vigyaapan kii atirikt nirantarta key saath hoe sakata haye, aur lagaatar utpaad key sakaratmak gunon kii yaad dilaaya jaa sakata haye. yahaan taka kii una ghatnaaon mein bhee jahaan khareed vartamaan yaa nikat bhavishya mein haye, pahali pratikriya aksar khed haye kii baad mein hamaare vikalpon kii sarahana kii or badal jaataa haye.
rachnaatmaktaa.
ack amoort (uchch) nirmaan star (ee.jee.aaj key bajaay agale saal ack kaary karane kii kalpana karane seey) rachnaatmaktaa key kaee alag-alag upaayon parr pradarshan mein sudhaar hotaa haye. jaba loga kissy kaary koo uchch-masik prakriya key madhyam seey dekhate hain, tou loga adhik baar rachanaatmak antardrishti ('aahaa kshan') parr pahunchate hain, aur kuchh "kyon" karane key liye adhik rachanaatmak kaaran utpann karate hain. 
upabhokta vyavhaar seey judee atirikt doori key prakaar.
upabhokta nirnayon kii vyakhya karane key liye paaramparik roop seey charcha kiye gaye manovaigyaanik doori key atirikt prakaron koo upabhokta nirnayon key hisse key roop mein prastaavit kiya gayaa haye. anubhavaatmak doori vaha seema haye jiss taka upabhokta ney pratyaksh anubhav yaa apratyaksh anubhavon key aadhar parr jaankaari praapt kii haye, jaise kii anya logon yaa media seey. soochanaatmak doori koo iss sandarbh mein paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye kii kissy vyakti key paas kissy utpaad key baare mein kitni jaankaari yaa gyaan haye. utpaad key baare mein jitani adhik jaankaari hogi, utani hii cumm door hogi.

