alva besi

alva cecil besi (4 juuna, 1904-21 julaai, 1985) ack americi upanyaskar, patrakaar aur patkatha lekhak they jinhen hollywood key una duss logon mein seey ack honey key kaaran film studio dwara kaali soochi mein daal diyaa gayaa thaa jinhone sadan gair-americi gatividhi samiti key samaksh gawahi dene seey incar curr diyaa thaa. vaha communist party yuu. aiss. aeye. key sadasya they aur unhone spanish grih yuddh key dauran cummintern kii antarrashtriya brigade key hisse key roop mein ardhsainik gatividhi mein bhaag liya.
praarambhik jeevan.
alva besi kaa janm ack yahudi parivaar mein huaa thaa, joe daniel nathan kohain besi aur adlean schlessinger besi key dou beton mein seey chhoti thee. besi key pitaa ack aavishkaarak aur safal vyavasaayi they aur parivaar newyork shahar mein harlem key ack samriddh hisse mein ack aramdayak jeevan vyateet kartaa thaa. unhone devit clinton hyee school seey snaatak kiya, jahan unhein ack vidrohi chhaatr honey kii pratishtha thee. baad mein unhone 1920 mein kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein dakhila liya aur 1924 mein aeye. bee. key saath snaatak kiya.aeye. angreji mein. 1922 mein, besi parivaar key vitt mein gambhir mandee aaa gaee thee jisake baad badey besi kii mrityu hoe gaee thee. parivarik paristhitiyon key iss ulatafer ney besi koo apane sattawadi pitaa key hastakshep key binaa apane hiton aur mahatvakanksha koo aage badhaane key liye mukt curr diyaa.
ack dost key madhyam seey besi koo provincetown key khilaadiyon seey parichit karaaya gayaa thaa jinake maargdarshak sadasya natakkar eugene oh 'neel they. besi samooh mein ack abhineta bunn gaye, jisake kaaran provincetown key saath-saath newyork theatre kii duniya mein kalakar aur abhineta/prabandhak key roop mein unake liye chaar saal kii theatre avadhi kaa netritva kiya. ack abhineta key roop mein apani pratibha koo seemit maanate hue, besi 1928 mein france chaley gaye, aur vahaan sthanantarit americi pravasiyon kii coloney mein shamil hoe gaye. besi ney abb apani oorjaa ack lekhak banane parr kendrit curr dee.
carrier.
besi koo shuru mein awant-garde francisi saahitya key apane anuvaad key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa, jisamen piyare luis key "bilitis key geet" aur "yaatana udyaan" shamil they." 
octave mirbeu dwara.
1930 key dashak key dauran, besi faasivaad key uday seey chintit hoe gaye, aur unhone faasivaad virodhi uddeshya key liye kaam karna shuru curr diyaa. 1938 taka besi ney spanish grihyuddh key dauran antarrashtriya brigade key abraham linken brigade mein ack swayamsevak key roop mein ladaai ladee. lautane parr unhone apane anubhavon key baare mein ack pustak likhi, "yuddh mein purush". pustak key baare mein, ernest hemingway ney tippani keeh
ack sachchi, imandar, achchi kitab. besi una sabhi cheejon koo sahee mayane mein aur bareek tareeke seey likhate hain joe way dekh sakate they... aur usane kaafee dekhaa.
isake baad besi americi communist party mein shamil hoe gaye aur vampanthi key liye film sameekshak key roop mein kaam kiya. 
patrika "dha nyu maas". besi ney warner brothers key liye patkatha likhi., aur 1940 key dashak key madhya aur anta mein anya studio. unhein deshbhakti chetavani dene vaale kii film "objective barma" (1945) key liye sarvshreshth mool kahani key liye akadami puraskar key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa.
kaali soochi mein daal diyaa.
1947 mein unakaa karyakal bund hoe gayaa, jaba unhein sadan kii gair-americi gatividhi samiti (aich. yuu. aeye. see.) key samaksh bulaaya gayaa. unhone communist party mein shamil honey seey incar yaa pushti karane seey incar curr diyaa, aur 1950 mein, way hollywood key una duss logon mein seey ack bunn gaye jinhen congress kii avamaanana kaa doshi paaya gayaa, jisake liye unhein duss maheene key liye jail mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur kaali soochi mein daal diyaa gayaa thaa. jail seey riha honey key baad, unhone saine francisco mein bhookhe aaee night club mein kaam kiya, roshni aur dhwani board chalaaya aur aksar kalakaron koo pesh kiya. besi ney 1950 key dashak mein communist party chhod dee.
1957 mein, besi ney ack upanyaas likhaa jisamen huak, "gair-americi" key saath apane anubhavon koo kaalpanik banaaya gayaa.
unhone usee sangathan key saath apane takraav key ack gair-kaalpanik vivaran key saath iska anusaran kiya, "eeden mein poochtaachh", jisamen unhone soviyat samarthak prachaar koo shamil karane kaa daavaa kiya joe film "uttari atlantic mein kaarravaai" mein "sabhi narak key roop mein vidhvansak" thaa. besi kii sabse badee vyaavsaayik aur aalochanatmak safalata vyangyapurna upanyaas "dha symbol" key saath aaee, joe marlin munro seey milati-julati ack dukhi abhinetri key film udyog dwara shoshan key baare mein haye. unhone 1975 mein ack aur gair-kaalpanik pustak, "spen phir seey" likhi, jisamen isi naam kii ack spanish film ("spen phir seey", 1969) mein ack saha-lekhak aur abhineta key roop mein unake anubhavon kaa varnan kiya gayaa.
unaki patkatha lekhan kii vritti kaali soochi mein daalane seey barbad hoe gaee thee aur way kabhi hollywood naheen laute. haalaanki, apane jeevan key anta mein, way jey abhineet feature film "haard travel" (1986) mein apane upanyaas "bread aind aeye stone" koo parde parr laane mein shamil they.ee. freeman aur elen geier. film kii patkatha alva key dou beton mein seey ack danne besi ney likhi thee, jinhone apana currier bhee film udyog mein kaam karate hue bitaaya haye. danne besi ney apane pitaa kii kuchh pahale aprakaashit yaa sangrahit kritiyaan prakaashit kii hain, vishesh roop seey unaki "spanish grihyuddh kii notebook" (2001).
apani parivarik jeevani "durlabh pakshiyanh ack americi parivaar" (university press off kentucky, 2001) mein, danne besi ney nott kiya kii alva kuchh atyadhik safal udyamiyon seey sambandhit thaah vaha 1960 key dashak key prasiddh poster kalakar wess willson key sasur they, joe alva kii betty eeva key pati they, aur prasiddh vigyaapan karyakari leo bernet key behnoi (unaki pahali patni, mairi key madhyam seey) they.
besi kaa 81 varsh kii ayu mein dill kaa daura padane seey terra linda, california mein nidhan hoe gayaa.

