swachchh jeevan andolan

sanyukt raajya key itihas mein, ack swachchh jeevan andolan ack aisaa samay haye jaba swaasthya-sudhaar dharmyuddhon kaa ack uchhaal lokpriya chetna mein footata haye. isake parinamswarup vyaktigat, yaa samooh sudharakon jaise kii beesavin shatabdi key anta mein tambaku virodhi yaa sharaab gathbandhan, swaasthya samasya koo samaapt karane yaa samaaj koo "saaf" karane key liye abhiyaan chalaaya. swachchh jeevan andolan" shabd rooth see dwara gadhaa gayaa thaa. ings, 1990 mein indiana vishvavidyalaya mein anuprayukt swaasthya vigyaan key professor they.
prishthabhoomi.
dharm, rajneeti, arthavyavastha aur maanav prayaas key anya kshetron mein samajik sudhaaron key chakr dekhe gaye hain. swaasthya seey sambandhit muddon key sambandh mein samaaj koo saaf karane key liye sudhaar bhee chakr mein aatey dikhaai dete hain. swachchh jeevan andolanon key dauran sudhaar abhiyaanon mein sanyam (sharaab-virodhi), samajik shuddhata (kamukta), aahar, shaaririk vyayam, sujanan (aanuvanshikta), saarvajanik swaasthya aur tambaku-virodhi aur nashili davaaon key abhiyaan shamil hain. inn muddon mein ruchi cumm yaa jyada ack saath badhati haye aur aksar ack dhaarmik jaagriti kaa anusaran karati haye jisamen susamachar bhaavanaaen aur nae sampradayon kaa vikas donon ubharate hain. andolanon kaa sambandh videshi bhaya yaa naitik dahashat key prakarnon seey bhee haye jisamen vibhinn alpsankhyakon koo chikitsa yaa naitik karanon seey avaanchhaniya prabhaavon key roop mein lakshit kiya jaataa haye.
sanyukt raajya america mein, aur kuchh hudd taka sanyukt raajya aur anya paschimi europeeya sanskritiyon mein, yeye swaasthya sudhaar andolan lagbhag 80-varsheeya chakron mein aatey hain, joe vyaktigat muddon key liye lagbhag 70 seey 90 varshon taka hotey hain. haalaanki, poliyo koo khatm karane key abhiyaan koo ack swachchh jeevan andolan naheen maanaa jaayega kyonki yeh ack ekal mudda dharmayuddh thaa.
inn andolanon mein sudharakon ney pahale vyaktiyon koo yeh samajhaane kaa prayaas kiya kii unhein sharaab naheen peaney chaahiye, dhumrapan naheen karna chaahiye yaa swaasthya key liye hanikarak vyavhaar yaa jeevan shally mein shamil naheen honah chaahiye. jaba yeh kaam naheen kartaa haye, tou vyavhaar koo pratibandhit karane key liye saarvajanik neetiyaan sthaapit kii jaati hain. andolan key mukhya jore key baad, jaba sudhaarak kaanoon dwara bhee vyavhaar koo badalane mein whiffle rahey hain, tou vanshaanugat yaa sujanan andolan apane pramukh star taka pahunch jaataa haye. sudhaarak yeh tark dey sakate hain kii mool kaaran jeane mein honah chaahiye. chakr key patan key dauran, lokpriya parivartan yaa sudhaar joe samajh mein aatey hain, jaise kii vyaktigat swachchata yaa swachchata, sansthaagat hoe jaate hain. doosari or, aksar alokpriya yaa pratibandhaatmak sudhaaron key khilaf ack pratikriya saamane aatee haye, jaise kii sharaab kaa nishedh.
sanyukt raajya america mein, vyaapak swaasthya andolan aur baad key sudhaar, ack dashak yaa usase adhik samay key bheetar, jacksonian (1830-1860), pragatisheel (1890-1920), aur sahasrabdi (1970-) sudhaar yugon key dhaarmik jaagaran key saath mell khaate hain.
jacksonian yug (1830-1860).
jacksonian yug key dauran aur dusare mahaan jaagriti key dauran, mississippi nadee key poorv aur messon-dixon rekha key uttar mein raajyon mein "daanav rumm" aur anya aatmaon key khilaf ack dharmayuddh huaa. isake parinamswarup 1851 mein maine raajya mein sharaab parr rajyavyapi pratibandh lagaa. haalaanki, ohiyo nadee key paar aur kanada seey neeche kii or badey paimaane parr taskari ney jald hii inn raajya kaanoonon koo samaapt curr diyaa kyonki way apravartaniya they. vibhinn jaatiya, saanskritik aur dhaarmik alpsankhyakon jaise kii ayrish apravasiyon aur roman catholics koo iss avadhi key dauran naitik udaaharan key roop mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, jinhen atyadhik sharaab peene aur haija jaisi beemariyon key prasaar donon key liye jimmedaar maanaa jaataa thaa.
iss yug key dauran vyayam, tambaku key gair-upayog aur aahar seey coffey, chaay, cheeni, maans aur masalon key unmoolan parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa, jise "grahmism" kahaa jaataa haye, jiska naam sudhaarak sylvester graham key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. eugenic yaa "vanshaanugat" chintaon parr charcha kii gaee kii hastamaithun pagalpan kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye aur beemar yaa kamjor pati-patni chunane seey aage kii girawat hoe sakati haye. iss yug seey baahar, mastishk vigyaan-sir parr aakar aur dhakkon kaa adhyayan-ack swasth vivaah saathi kaa chayan karane key liye lokpriya thaa. nae dharm joe swasth jeevan shally koo badhaava dete they, jaise kii yeeshu masih key church off later-day saints aur saatven dinn key sahsi ubhare.
pragatisheel yug (1890-1920).
pragatisheel yug kaa swaasthya sudhaar andolan teesare mahaan jaagriti mein ubhara. vyaktigat swaasthya andolanon mein, ack samagr swachchh jeevan andolan key hisse key roop mein, sanyam aur sailoon virodhi andolan shamil thaa, joe nishedh andolan mein vikasit huaa. isake parinamswarup athaarahavaan sanshodhan yaa nishedh huaa. iss yug key dauran ack tambaku virodhi andolan paaya gayaa thaa, aur kaee shaharon mein saarvajanik bhavanon mein dhumrapan virodhi kaanoon they. trains, restaraan aur streetcaron mein aksar dhumrapan aur dhumrapan naa karane vaale khand hotey they. haalaanki, beesavin shatabdi key madhya taka inn kaanoonon koo aam taur parr nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
iss avadhi key dauran maadak davaaon kaa pahala viniyaman adhiniyamit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen patent davaaon kii samagri koo viniyamit kiya gayaa thaa. pahala shuddh khaadya aur aushadhi adhiniyam, patent davaaon kii labeling aur unake vigyaapan mein kiye gaye daavon koo viniyamit karate hue, 1906 mein paarit kiya gayaa thaa. 1914 key harrison maadak padaarth curr adhiniyam dwara chean seey aapravaasan key saath aayatit ack videshi upa key roop mein afeem key dhumrapan parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. inn maadak padarthon key nishedh key alawa, 1924 key asiai bahishkaar adhiniyam dwara purvi asia seey aage key aapravaasan koo teji seey cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa. isi tarah, iss avadhi key dauran kokeen kaa nishedh african amerikiyon dwara maadak padarthon key prabhaav mein aparaadh karane key baare mein upakhyanon seey judaa thaa.
ack "shuddhata" yaa veshyavritti virodhi aur samajik swachchata (yaun sanchaarit roga) andolan samaaj seey sharaab jaisi anya kathit buraaiyon key unmoolan key saath haath milaa curr chalaa. shuddhata andolan mein purushon aur mahilaaon key liye kamukta key dohare maanak kaa unmoolan bhee shamil thaa. maanav jaati mein sudhaar key liye sujanan andolan inn anya andolanon key saath judaa huaa thaa. yeh sunishchit karane key liye kii kissy bhee saathi koo upadansh naa hoe, vivaah-poorv pareekshan kaee raajyon mein paarit kiya gayaa thaa. sanyukt raajya america mein, sharaab sahit gambhir mansik yaa shaaririk swaasthya samasyaon vaale vyaktiyon koo prajanan seey rokane key liye eugenic nasbandi kaanoon 30 seey adhik raajyon mein sthaapit kiye gaye they.
sahasrabdi yug (1970-vartamaan).
21veen shatabdi key anta mein swachchh jeevan andolan kii visheshta kaee dharmayuddh aur prati dharmayuddh they. yug key shuruati varshon mein joe gatividhiyaan badheen, unhein aksar lagbhag duss saal baad jawabi andolanon kaa saamana karna padaa. udaaharan key liye, "mahila mukti" kaa ack "parivaar samarthak" andolan dwara mukabala kiya gayaa thaa; marizuana aur anya davaaon key upayog key baad "drugs key khilaf yuddh" huaa thaa; peene kii umr koo cumm karane key baad peene kii umr koo badhaaya gayaa thaa; gair-vaivaahik yaun gatividhi koo ack nae "shuddhata" andolan dwara chunauti dee gaee thee; aur garbhpaat ("jeevan samarthak") praapt karane key kanuni adhikaaron koo garbhpaat ("jeevan samarthak") key khilaf andolan key saath puuraa kiya gayaa thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad key yug kii bebi boom peedhi ney purani peedhi dwara bardasht naheen kiye gaye vibhinn vyavhaaron key saath prayog kiya thaa. 1970 key dashak key madhya taka, adhik roodhivaadi amerikiyon ney anaitik vyavhaar key roop mein joe maanaa, usake khilaf pratikriya denaa shuru curr diyaa. way raajneetik kaarravaai mein ekjut hue jisamen drugs, sharaab, yaun aur anya gatividhiyon key upayog key khilaf abhiyaan shamil they. ack dharmnirpeksh swaasthya-sudhaar andolan, joe kuchh logon key liye ack "dharm" bunn gayaa, yuva peedhi seey bhee baahar nikla. swaasthya aur vyayam, aahar, vaikalpik dharm aur dawa, upabhokta adhikaar, dhuein seey mukt vatavaran aur anya swaasthya sudhaar usa dinn kii pramukh chintaaen bunn gaeen.

