
jools aeye. hoffman

jools alphons nicolaus hoffman (; janm 2 agast 1941) ack luxemberg mein janme francisi jeevvigyaani hain. apani yuvavastha key dauran, luxemberg mein badey hotey hue, unhone apane pitaa, jose hoffman key prabhaav mein keedon mein ack majboot ruchi vikasit kii. isake parinamswarup antatah yuva hoffman ney jeev vigyaan key kshetra mein keeton koo aadarsh jeevon key roop mein upayog karane key liye samarpan kiya. way vartamaan mein strasberg vishvavidyalaya mein ack sankaay pada parr hain. way france key strasberg mein rashtriya vaigyaanik anusandhaan kendra (see. aine. aar. aiss.) key ack shodh nideshak aur prashasakon key mandal key sadasya hain. unhein francisi vigyaan akadami key upaadhyaksh (2005-2006) aur adhyaksh (2007-2008) key padon key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. hoffman aur broose beautler koo sanyukt roop seey "janmajaat pratiraksha key sakriyan seey sambandhit unaki khojon" key liye shareer vigyaan yaa chikitsa mein 2011 key nobel puraskar key aadhe hisse seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. [adhik vishesh roop seey, sookshmajeev sankraman mein toll maarg key sakriyan key baad drosomycin abhivyakti mein vriddhi koo dikhaane vaalaa kaam.]
hoffman aur bruno lemitre ney janmajaat pratiraksha mein phal makkhi "toll" jeane key kaary kii khoj kii. isake standhari homolog, toll jaise receptors, kii khoj beautler dwara kii gaee thee. toll-jaise receptors kavak aur bacteria jaise anya jeevon key ghatakon kii pehchaan karate hain, aur ack pratiraksha pratikriya koo trigger karate hain, udaaharan key liye, bataate hain kii kaise jeevaanu avasheshon dwara septic shock trigger kiya jaa sakata haye.
shiksha.
france jaane seey pahale jools hoffman licey dee garkens dee luxemberg gaye. hoffman ney france key strasberg vishvavidyalaya mein jeev vigyaan aur rasayan vigyaan mein snaatak kii degree praapt kii. 1969 mein unhone apani ph. dee. poori kii.dee. jeev vigyaan mein bhee prani vigyaan sansthaan mein samanya jeev vigyaan kii prayogshala mein piyare jolly key tahat strasberg vishvavidyalaya mein. unakaa post-doctoral prashikshan germany key marberg aine dair laan mein phillips-university mein institute farr physiologiche kemiya mein 1973-1974 mein thaa.
adhyayan aur shodh currier.
apane ph key dauran.dee. piyare jolly key tahat karyakram, hoffman ney ghaas key jhund mein roganurodhi raksha kaa adhyayan karane mein apana shodh shuru kiya, joe piyare jolly kii prayogshala mein kiye gaye pichhale karyon seey prerit thaa, joe darshaata haye kii kuchh angon key pratyaropan key baad keedon mein koee avasarvaadi sankraman spasht naheen thaa. hoffman ney "basilus thuringiensis" key injection aur phagocytes kii vriddhi key avalokan key madhyam seey ellie matchnicoff dwara kii gaee phagocytosis kii khoj kii pushti kii. isake alawa, unhone aiks-ray upchaar key baad sookshmajeev sankraman key liye ack keat kii samvedansheelta kaa aaklan karke hematopoisis aur roganurodhi raksha key beach majboot sambandh dikhaaya. hoffman 80 key dashak mein ghaas key model kaa upayog karane seey dipteran prajaatiyon kaa upayog karane kii or rukh kartaa haye. formia terranova" kaa upayog karke, hoffman aur unake sahayogi diptericin naamak 82-avasheshon vaale lambe roganurodhi polypeptide kii pehchaan karane mein saksham they, joe glycine seey bharpur thaa, saath hii "drosophila melanogaster" jaise "defencin, secropin" aur atacin mein anya polypeptide key saath. aage key aanvik aanuvanshik vishleshan seey pataa chalaa kii inn roganurodhi peptides koo encoding karane vaale jeane key pravartakon mein standhari dna mein nf-kebi key liye badhyakari tatvon key samaan dna anukram they. "dorsal" jeane, joe "drosophila melanogaster" key praarambhik bhroon mein dorso-ventral pattern mein mahatvapurna thaa, koo bhee iss aine. aff.-key. bee. parivaar mein honey key liye pahachaana gayaa thaa. shuru mein hoffman aur unake sahyogiyon dwara yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa kii prishthiya gatividhi seedhe "diptericin" jeane kii abhivyakti seey judee hui thee. haalaanki, yeh pataa chalaa kii diptericin samanya roop seey kaary-haani "prishthiya" utparivartakon mein bhee prerit kiya jaataa thaa. aage kiye gaye shodh seey pataa chalaa kii diptericin abhivyakti aaee. aim. dee. jeane kii abhivyakti parr nirbhar thee. drosomycin aur aar. aine. aeye. blots naamak ack anya antifungal peptide kii pehchaan ney pradarshit kiya kii dou alag-alag maarg (toll, aaee. aim. dee.) maujood hain, jinamen kramshah drosomycin aur diptericin shamil hain. drosophila bhroon mein kaee sadasyon aur standhaariyon mein sadasyon key beach sanrachana aur kaary kii samaantaon kaa ullekh kiya jaa rhaa haye, 1996 mein lemitre aur hoffman dwara "dorsoventral regulatory jeane casset" spatzel/toll/cactus "drosophila vayaskon mein shaktishali antifungal pratikriya koo niyantrit kartaa haye" ney kavak chunauti kii pratikriya mein drosophila mein sambhaavit maujooda janmajaat pratiraksha koo rotion kiya. baad mein kiye gaye karyon mein yeh pataa chalaa kii toll transmembrane receptors vibhinn prakaar key faila mein maujood hain aur aine. aff.-key. bee. sakriya cascades key sanrakshan key saath-saath vikas key madhyam seey sanrakshit hain.
hoffman 1964 seey 1968 taka see. aine. aar. aiss. mein ack shodh sahayak they, aur 1969 mein ack shodh sahayogi bunn gaye. 1974 seey way see. aine. aar. aiss. key shodh nideshak rahey hain. 1978 aur 2005 key beach way see. aine. aar. aiss. anusandhaan ikai "pratiraksha pratikriya aur keeton mein vikas" key nideshak they, aur 1994 seey 2005 taka way strasberg mein see. aine. aar. aiss. key aanvik aur koshikiya jeev vigyaan sansthaan key nideshak they.
hoffman german academy off sciences, french academy off sciences, dha academia europia, dha european molecular biology organization (ambo), dha united states national academy off sciences, dha american academy off arts aind sciences, dha fondation écology d 'avenir aur dha russian academy off sciences key sadasya hain.
hoffman 2012 mein leason off onar key commander baney.
2015 mein, hoffman ney 65veen lindaau nobel puraskar vijeta baithak key antim dinn "jalavaayu parivartan parr menau ghoshana 2015" parr hastakshar kiye. ghoshana parr kull 76 nobel puraskar vijetaon dwara hastakshar kiye gaye they aur peris mein safal cop21 jalavaayu shikhar sammelan key hisse key roop mein francisi ganarajya key tatkalin rashtrapati, franswa hollande koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa.
vivaad.
bruno lemitre, joe usa samay hoffman prayogshala mein ack shodh sahayogi they, jaba drosophila janmajaat pratiraksha parr pramukh kaam kiya gayaa thaa (jisake liye hoffman koo nobel seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa), daavaa karate hain kii unhein hoffman dwara nobel vijeta kaary key ukasaane vaale aur mukhya yogadankarta key roop mein aparyaapt roop seey maanyata dee gaee thee. lemitre abb switzerland mein ikole polytechnic federail dee lusaane mein apani prayogshala kii dekhrekh kartaa haye.

