
aanvik tagg vegmapi

aanvik tagg vegmapi (aim. tii. vee.) pravaah vegmapi kaa ack vishisht roop haye, joe havaa aur paani jaise taral padarthon mein dhaaraon key wegg koo nirdhaarit karane key liye ack takneek haye. apane sabse saral roop mein, ack ekal "likhein" lazer beam koo namuna sthaan key madhyam seey ack baar shoot kiya jaataa haye. isake maarg key saath ack prakaashik roop seey prerit rasayanik prakriya shuru kii jaati haye, jisake parinamswarup ack naee rasayanik prajaati kaa nirmaan hotaa haye yaa maujooda kii aantarik oorjaa sthiti mein badalaav hotaa haye, taaki lazer beam dwara maare gaye anuon koo baaki taral padaarth seey alag kiya jaa sakey. aise anuon koo "tagg" kahaa jaataa haye.
tagg kiye gaye anuon kii yeh rekha abb drav pravaah dwara leey jaaee jaati haye. wegg kii jaankaari praapt karane key liye, visthaapan nirdhaarit karane key liye samay parr dou udaharanon parr chhaviyon koo praapt kiya jaataa haye aur unakaa vishleshan kiya jaataa haye (aksar chhavi kii teevrata key sahsambandh dwara). yadi pravaah tri-ayami yaa ashant haye tou rekha naa kewal visthaapit hogi, balki vikrit bhee hogi.
varnan.
teen optical tareeke hain jinake madhyam seey inn tagg kiye gaye anuon koo dekhaa jaa sakata haih pratideepti, phosphorescence aur lazer-prerit pratideepti (jeevan). teenon mamalon mein anu nimn avastha mein aaraam karate hain aur unaki atirikt oorjaa photon key roop mein jaari kii jaati haye. pratideepti mein yeh oorjaa kshay teji seey hotaa haye (vayumandaliya dabaav parr sootra _ 1s seey sootra _ 2s key bheetar), iss prakaar tagging key liye "pratyaksh" pratideepti avyaavhaarik bunn jaati haye. phosphorescence mein kshay dheema hotaa haye, kyonki sankraman quantum-yaantrik roop seey nishiddh haye.
kuchh "lekhan" yojanaon mein, tagg kiya gayaa anu ack uttejit sthiti mein samaapt hotaa haye. yadi anu phosphorescence key madhyam seey aaraam kartaa haye, joe rekha visthaapan koo dekhane key liye paryaapt lambe samay taka rahata haye, tou iska upayog likhit rekha koo track karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye aur kissy atirikt drishya charan kii aavashyakta naheen haye. yadi tagg karane key dauran anu phosphoracing sthiti taka naheen pahuncha, yaa anu key "padhane" seey pahale aaraam naheen kiya, tou dusare charan kii aavashyakta haye. tagg kiye gaye anu koo phir ack dusare lazer beam kaa upayog karke uttejit kiya jaataa haye, ack tarang dairdhya koo niyojit karate hue kii yeh vishesh roop seey tagg kiye gaye anu koo uttejit kartaa haye. anu pratideepti karega aur iss pratideepti koo ack cameray key madhyam seey kaid kiya jaataa haye. drishya key iss tareeke koo lazer prerit pratideepti (jeevan) kahaa jaataa haye.
aadhunik drav vegmapi mein prakashiki takneekon kaa aksar upayog kiya jaataa haye lekin adhikansh prakriti mein opto-mechanical hain. opto-mechanical takneeken pravaah maap key liye akele photonics parr nirbhar naheen karati hain, lekin macro-size seeding kii aavashyakta hoti haye. sabse prasiddh aur aksar upayog kiye jaane vaale udaaharan kann chhavi vegmapi (dhuri) aur lazer doppler vegmapi (ell. dee. vee.) hain. sabhi-optical takneekon key kshetra mein humm samaan takneekon koo alag curr sakate hain lekin aanvik anurekhan kaa upayog karke. doppler yojanaon mein, prakaash ardh-sthitisthaapak roop seey anuon koo bikher detaa haye aur anuon kaa wegg bikhare hue prakaash kii aavritti mein ack doppler shift koo vyakt kartaa haye. aanvik tagg takneekon mein, jaise dhuri mein, vegmapi anurekhan visthaapan kii kalpana parr adharit haye.
yojanaaen.
aim. tii. vee. takneekon ney jett injan, lapaton, uchch dabaav vaale jahaajon jaise durgam vatavaran mein wegg key maap kii anumati dene key liye saabit kiya haye, jahaan pitot, germ-taar vegmapi aur dhuri jaisi takneekon key liye kaam karna mushkil haye. aim. tii. vee. kaa kshetra kaafee chhota haye; 1980 key dashak mein karyanvayan kaa pahala pradarshan saamane aaya aur havaa mein upayog key liye vikasit aur jaanch kii gaee yojanaon kii sankhya abhee bhee kaafee cumm haye. yeye yojanaaen usa anu mein bhinn hoti hain joe banaaya jaataa haye, kyaa videshi anuon key saath pravaah koo beejit karna aavashyak haye aur prakaash kii kiss tarang dairdhya kaa upayog kiya jaa rhaa haye. 
gasses mein.
gais mein sabse gahan drav yantriki adhyayan raahat yojana aur alag yojana kaa upayog karke kiya gayaa haye. donon takneekon kaa upayog atirikt beejan kii aavashyakta key binaa pariveshiya havaa mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
raahat mein, uttejit oxygen kaa upayog tracer key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. vidhi quantum yaantrik gunon kaa laabh uthaati haye joe anu key vishram koo pratibandhit karati haye taaki uttejit oxygen kaa jivankal apekshaakrit lamba hoe.
yeh nitric oxide key "prakaash sanshleshan" parr adharit haye. choonki koee ack sthir anu naheen haye, isaliye isake saath likhe gaye pattern kaa siddhant roop mein lagbhag anishchit kaal taka paalan kiya jaa sakata haye.
ack anya achchi tarah seey vikasit aur vyaapak roop seey pralekhit takneek joe atyadhik uchch sateekta pradaan karati haye, vaha haye hydroxyl tagging valocimetry (aich. tii. vee.). yeh jall vaashp key photo-vighatan parr adharit haye jisake baad jeevan kaa upayog karke parinami oh radical kii kalpana kii jaati haye. aich. tii. vee. koo kamare key tapman seey laker ack guha key bheetar pravaahit honey vaale mack 2 taka kii kaee pareekshan sthitiyon mein safaltapurvak pradarshit kiya gayaa haye.
taral padarthon mein.
taral padarthon mein, teen aim. tii. vee. drishtikonon koo vargeekrit kiya gayaa haih aim. tii. vee. koo pratyaksh phosphorescence (phosphorescent dye kaa upayog karke), avashoshan (photochromic dye kaa upayog karke), aur photoproduct florescence (aamtaur parr ack pinjare mein rung kaa upayog karke) dwara vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye.
pratyaksh phosphorescence parr adharit aim. tii. vee. koo lagu karane kii sabse aasaan takneek haye kyonki ack luminacent uttejit aanvik avastha kaa utpaadan karane key liye ack ekal lazer kii aavashyakta hoti haye. phosphorescence sanket aam taur parr kamjor hotaa haye aur pratideepti kii tulanaa mein iska pataa lagaana kathin hotaa haye.
avashoshan dwara aim. tii. vee. naamak doosari takneek ack photochromic dye key pratideepti gunon key prativarti parivartan parr nirbhar karati haye. iss yojana ney sharaab aur telon mein achche parinam dikhaae, lekin paani mein naheen jisamen vishisht rung ghulansheel naheen hain.
aim. tii. vee. key teesare sanskaran koo pahali baar 1995 mein "photoactivated none-intrusive tracking off molecular motion" (fantom) key naam seey taral padarthon mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. fantom takneek shuru mein ack neele lazer dwara uttejit ack fluoresin-adharit pinjare mein bandhi rung parr nirbhar thee. haal hii mein, puls yuvi aur green lazer key saath ack rhodamine-adharit pinjare mein bandhi dye kaa safaltapurvak upayog kiya gayaa thaa.

