
tabarna

pracheen rome mein ack prakaar kii dukaan yaa dukaan ack tabarna (bahuvachan tabarna) thee. mool roop seey vastuon aur sevaaon kii bikri key liye ack kamare kii dukaan kaa arth haye, "tebarne" koo aksar gharelu aavason mein shamil kiya jaataa thaa, joe kii ghar key mukhya pravesh dwaar key saath jameen key star parr hotey they, lekin ack taraf sadak key liye khula hotaa thaa. jaise-jaise roman samrajya adhik samriddh huaa, taba badey indor baajaron key bheetar taberna sthaapit kiye gaye aur aksar ack bairal walt seey dhake hue they. bajar key bheetar pratyek tambu key oopar ack khidki thee taaki bhandaran key liye lakadi key attari mein prakaash daala jaa sakey aur ack chauda darwaja thaa. iss tarah key ack indor bajar kaa ack prasiddh udaaharan rome mein trajan kaa bajar haye, jise doosari shatabdi kii shuruat mein damascus key apollodorus dwara banaaya gayaa thaa.
cambridge pracheen itihas" key anusaar, ack tabarna roman samrajya key bheetar ack "khudra ikai" thee aur jahan kaee aarthik gatividhiyaan aur kaee seva udyog pradaan kiye jaate they, jinamen pakaa huaa bhojan, sharaab aur rotty kii bikri shamil thee.
bahuvachan roop "teberney" kaa upayog una shaharon key beach sadakon parr ack maarg-station yaa hotal koo darshaane key liye bhee kiya jaataa thaa jahaan saumya yaatriyon koo "capone" seey behtar kuchh mein rahane kii aavashyakta hoti thee, aur jaba aadhikarik "mancio" unake liye khula naheen thaa. jaise-jaise roman samrajya badhata gayaa, vaise-vaise isaki tabarna bhee badhati gaee, aur adhik shandar hoti gaee aur achchi yaa buri pratishtha praapt kii.
utpatti aur prasaar.
"teberney" shayed pahali baar pracheen yunan mein una sthaanon mein dikhaai diyaa, joe 5veen aur 4thee shatabdi eesaa poorv key anta mein aarthik gatividhiyon key liye mahatvapurna they. bhoomadhyasagariya kshetra mein roman samrajya key vistaar key baad, pompei, ostia, corinth, delos, nyu carthage aur narbo jaise roman shaharon kii shahari arthavyavastha mein "teberna" kii kendriyata key alawa "teberna" kii sankhya mein bahut vriddhi hui. inmein seey kaee shahar pramukh bandargah kshetra they jahan aamdaani kii gaee vilasita aur videshi vastuon koo janata koo becha jaataa thaa. tebarne sanrachanaatmak imaraton key roop mein kaary kartaa thaa joe vastuon kii bikri koo suvidhajanak banaate they.
livy ack muthbhed key baare mein likhate hain joe 5veen aur 4thee shatabdi eesaa poorv mein roman ganarajya key vistaar key dauran maujood ack roman general marcus furious camillus key saath itali key latium kshetra mein ack shahar tusculum key "teberna" key saath huaa thaah
camillus ney faatakon key saamane apana shivir khadaa curr diyaa, yeh jaanane kii ichcha seey kii kyaa desh mein pradarshit shaanti kaa vahee roop divaaron key bheetar bhee prabal thaa, shahar mein pravesh kiya, jahan usane darwaaje khule padey hue dekhe, aur khuli dukaanon mein bikri key liye sub kuchh ujagar kiya, aur karmchari pratyek koo apane-apane rojgar parr lagaa rahey they...
vibhinn prakaar key logon key beach sadaken bhar gaeen.
praarup.
roman samrajya key bheetar "tebarne" (dukaanen) key cumm seey cumm dou roop they, joe gharelu aur saarvajanik settings mein paae jaate they, chaahe way gharelu ghar houn jinamen parisar key saamane dukaanen houn, yaa aavaasiya bahumanjila apartment blocks mein jinhen "insula" kahaa jaataa haye. jaise-jaise roman shaharon mein shahari kendron kaa vikas badhaa, roman abhijaat varg ney inn bajar kendron mein aaney aur baahar aaney vaale logon kii badee sankhya koo samaayojit karane key liye aavaasiya aur vaanijyik bhavanon kaa vikas karna jaari rakhaa. "insula" kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen "teberna" unake nichale star parr sthit thaa. tabarna" chalaane vaale logon key varg koo "tabarnari" kahaa jaataa thaa, aksar shahari mukt purush joe sampatti key malik sanrakshak key tahat kaam karate they. taberney" kaa doosara roop isake bajaay saarvajanik baajaron aur manchon key bheetar sthit thaa, una kshetron mein jahaan uchch matra mein yatayat praapt huaa thaa.
britten mein "teberna" key baare mein ardail mack mohan likhate hainh
taberney iss tarah sthit they kii way grahakon koo saman aur sevaaen pradaan karane key uddeshya koo puuraa karate they. kaee samajik, aarthik aur anya karakon kaa iss parr prabhaav parh sakata haye, lekin samanya taur parr, yeh maanaa jaanaa chaahiye kii roman britten mein khudra vikreta apane utpaadon koo bechana chaahte they. ack achchi site ney khudra vikreta kii shuddh bikri kshamata koo adhikatam karane mein madad kii hogi aur iss kaaran seey, taberney aam taur parr unake baajaron kii pahunch key bheetar sthit hoga.
vibhinn prakaar key taberney mein seey theh
mahatva.
"teberney" ney roman arthavyavastha mein kranti laa dee kyonki way shaharon key bheetar pahali sthaayi khudra sanrachanaaen theen, joe arthavyavastha key bheetar nirantar vikas aur vistaar kaa sanket detee theen. "tebarne" ney vibhinn prakaar key krishi aur audyogik utpaadon jaise gehuun, rotty, sharaab, aabhushan aur anya vastuon koo bechane key liye sthaan pradaan kiye. yeh sambhavana haye kii "tebarne" bhee aisee sanrachanaaen theen jahan janata koo muft anaaj vitarit kiya jaayega. isake alawa, "tebarne" kaa upayog mukt varg key liye oopar kii or samajik gatishilata praapt karane key liye aakarshak upaayon key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki ack vyaapaari key vyavasaay koo roman sanskriti mein atyadhik naheen maanaa jaataa thaa, phir bhee yeh vittiya sthirata sthaapit karane key saadhan key roop mein swatantra varg mein vyaapt thaa aur antatah sthaaniya sarkaaron key bheetar kuchh prabhaav daaltaa thaa.
itali mein, way abhee bhee kaee sthaanon key naamon mein jeevit hain.