margaret bell (chikitsak)

margaret bell (1888-1969) swachchata aur shaaririk shiksha key professor they, mahilaaon key liye shaaririk shiksha key karyakram key adhyaksh they, aur 1923 seey 1957 taka mishigan vishvavidyalaya mein swaasthya seva mein mahila chikitsa seva key prabhaari they. way 1924 mein mishigan vishvavidyalaya mein poorna professor bunn gaeen. jaba 1938 mein rashtriya shiksha sangh aur americi shaaririk shiksha sangh key school swaasthya aur shaaririk shiksha vibhaag kaa vilay hoe gayaa aur 1939 mein swaasthya, shaaririk shiksha aur manoranjan key liye americi sangh bunn gayaa, tou bell koo nae sangathan kaa pahala adhyaksh naamit kiya gayaa.
mishigan vishvavidyalaya mein bell pool kaa naam unake sammaan mein rakhaa gayaa haye.
bell american college off physician key ack saathi they).
jeevan, shiksha aur vyaavsaayik jeevan.
bell kaa janm 1888 mein shikago mein huaa thaa. vaha frank elliot aur elizabeth tii kii betty thee. ghanti bajaati haye. vaha shikago mein johnn davie prayogshala vidyalaya mein gaee. bell ney 1910 mein shaaririk shiksha key samanya school seey snaatak kii upaadhi praapt kii, aur 1915 mein shikago vishvavidyalaya seey vigyaan mein snaatak kii upaadhi praapt kii. unhone 1920 mein tapedik key trudeau school seey snaatak kii upaadhi praapt kii, aur baad mein unhone aim.dee. 1921 mein rush medical school seey. unhein 1923 mein saine francisco aspatal seey ack pramaan patra praapt huaa. unhone shikago vishvavidyalaya, mishigan vishvavidyalaya, vienna, austriya aur newyork post graduate school off medicine mein snatkottar kaary kiya.
bell shikago mein kaee sansthanon mein shaaririk shiksha aur manoranjan key prashikshak they, jinamen 1910 mein south park kaa khel kaa maidan, inglewood hyee school, shikshak college aur shikago vishvavidyalaya shamil they.
bell ney 1923 mein mishigan vishvavidyalaya mein swachchata aur shaaririk shiksha key ack sahayogi professor key roop mein shuruat kii, aur 1924 mein mahilaaon key liye swachchata aur shaaririk shiksha kii ack poorna professor bunn gaeen. vaha mahilaaon key liye shaaririk shiksha vibhaag kii adhyaksh bhee theen, aur 1923-24 mein swaasthya seva mein mahila chikitsa seva kii pramukh theen. inn dou bhoomikaon key madhyam seey, bell swaasthya seva aur vyayamshala key sabhi visheshadhikaron koo praapt karane key liye vishvavidyalaya mein sabhi chhatron koo ack hii pada parr rakhane mein saksham thee. 
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, unhone yuddh karyakram mein shaaririk shiksha aur swaasthya kshetron key yogdan parr samiti key sadasya key roop mein vishvavidyalaya yuddh board mein bhee kaary kiya. unhone mishigan leag key shaasi board mein bhee kaam kiya.
bell mishigan vishvavidyalaya aur rashtriya star parr mahilaaon key athletics key liye ack adhivakta theen. unhone 1930-32 seey colleges aur vishvavidyalayon mein mahilaaon key liye shaaririk shiksha key madhya-paschim nideshakon key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya, aur 1933-35 mein colleges aur vishvavidyalayon mein mahilaaon key liye shaaririk shiksha key rashtriya nideshakon kii karyakram samiti mein bhee kaary kiya. vaha americi shaaririk shiksha sangh kii ack sakriya sadasya theen, joe mahila athletic anubhaag kii karyakari samiti aur vidhaayi board mein kaaryarat theen.
margaret bell ney kabhi shaadi naheen kii aur 1969 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
mahilaaon key liye shaaririk shiksha vibhaag.
margaret bell mahilaaon key athletics aur shaaririktaa key liye ack dridh adhivakta they. apane samay mein dusaron key vishvaas key bavjood-kii athletic pratispardha mahilaaon key liye manovaigyaanik aur samajik roop seey hanikarak thee-unakaa maanana thaa kii mahilaaon key liye mahilaaon, patniyon aur maataon key roop mein apani bhoomika kaa pataa lagaane key liye teevra pratispardha mahatvapurna thee. unakaa maanana thaa kii mahilaaon key liye sabhi khelon mein bhaag lena mahatvapurna thaa, kyonki isase unhein samajik aur bhaavnaatmak roop seey madad millie.
mahilaaon key liye shaaririk shiksha karyakram key adhyaksh key roop mein unake karyakal mein, mahilaaon key athletics mein vyaapak roop seey vriddhi hui. jaba mitchigan vishvavidyalaya mein ghanti aaee, tou mahilaaon key paas purushon kii tulanaa mein alag-alag vyayamshala aur khet donon they. mahilaaon ney barber vyayamshala mein mulakat kii aur khela, jise 1896 mein sabhi purush jall-purush vyayamshala key samkaksh key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa, aur mahilaaen pamar maidan parr khelati theen, joe sabhi purush nauka kshetra key samkaksh thaa. bell barber vyayamshala key nideshak they aur unhone mahilaaon key liye shaaririk shiksha suvidhaon kaa vistaar karane key liye dhana jutaane mein madad kii. mahilaaon key liye shaaririk shiksha karyakram key adhyaksh key roop mein, shaaririk shiksha pathyakramon, nrityon aur khule vyayamshala samay sahit barber vyayamshala aur pamar kshetra mein honey vaali gatividhiyon kii andekhi kii gaee, jahaan mahilaaen vishvavidyalaya key aspas kii anya mahila chhatron seey mill sakati theen.
1927 mein, jaba prasiddh mishigan stadium, yaa "badaa ghar" banaaya gayaa thaa, tou athletics key niyantran mein board ney mahilaaon key liye ack maidan aur maidan ghar key liye 250,000 dollar bhee diye. board ney sweekaar kiya kii antar-mahavidyalayiya athletics mein sudhaar kii aavashyakta thee, kuchh aisaa joe vaha vishvavidyalaya mein aaney key baad seey saabit karane kii koshish curr rahee thee. inn sudhaaron seey pahale, pamar kshetra asman bhoomi thaa, jiss parr khelane mein kathinaaee thee. usa samay pamar feeled koo samtal kiya gayaa thaa, aur feeled house banaaya gayaa thaa. antatah unhein mahilaaon key athletics key liye dhana praapt huaa, aur ack mahila athletics bhawan koo pamar feeled parr banaaya gayaa thaa, parisar aur detroit vedhshala key beach mahilaaon kii athletic imarat koo 1975 mein dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa taaki parisar mein kendriya parisar manoranjan bhawan key liye jagah banaai jaa sakey. yeh usa jagah parr khadaa thaa jahan aaj kendriya parisar manoranjan bhawan aur margaret bell pool khadaa haye.
vaha swaasthya pareekshaon koo shaaririk shiksha pranali kaa ack maulik pahalu banaane kii akanksha rakhti thee. 1930 aur 1944 key beach key varshon mein, bell ney swaasthya pareekshaon key baare mein vyaapak roop seey likhaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh ney, vishesh roop seey, inn pareekshaon kii aavashyakta koo ghanti key dimag mein majboot kiya. unakaa maanana thaa kii yuddh key dauran mahilaaon koo apani naukari mein purushon kii kushalata seey jagah lene key liye, mahilaaon koo paryaapt matra mein neend, vishram aur dhyaan, mansik swachchata aur niyamit vyayam jaisi swasth aadton mein sanlagn honey kii bahut aavashyakta thee. bell kaa maanana thaa kii iss yojana kaa paalan karate hue mahilaaon kii safalata kii nigrani karane kaa sabse achchha tarika parivaar key doctors koo ack shaaririk pariksha prapatra bharane key liye protsaahit karna thaa jisamen swaasthya itihas, pariksha key nishkarsh, kissy bhee nidan aur pratyek mahila chhaatr aur usake swaasthya key liye doctor kii sifaarishon parr jaankaari shamil hogi. vaha chaahati thee kii yeye medical card schools mein dakhil kiye jaaen aur upayukt school sankaay koo upalabdh karaae jaaen.
bell ney apane chhatron koo shaaririk shiksha shikshak banane key liye bhee protsaahit kiya, kyonki unhone apane swayam key vyavasaay koo ack aise vyavasaay key roop mein pahachaana jisane vaastav mein yuvaaon koo poorna, swasth vayaskon mein vikasit kiya. unakaa maanana thaa kii shaaririk shiksha maanspeshiyon key vikas mein madad karane seey jyada karati haye, lekin anta mein, mansik aur naitik sanskriti mein bhee madad karati haye. unhein apane vyavasaay parr bahut garv thaa, aur way yeh sunishchit karna chaahati theen kii bhavishya key yuva bhee usee tarah seey vikasit hoe sakein jaise unhone mahsoos kiya kii unhone apane chhatron koo vikasit kiya haye. unhone kaee parisaron mein bhaashan diye, poorv aur madhya-paschim mein mahila chhatron mein shaaririk shiksha mein currier mein ruchi paida karane kii koshish kii.
margaret bell pool.
shayed ghanti kii sabse badee upalabdhi 1954 mein ack sabhi mahilaaon key pool kaa nirmaan thaa, joe kii mishigan vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag lene vaali 5400 mahila chhatron key liye ack aavashyakta thee. yeh mahilaaon key liye ack million dollar kaa swimming pool thaa, jise antar-mahavidyalayiya athletics key niyantran mein board dwara diye gaye anudan seey vittaposhit kiya gayaa thaa. board ney mahila shaaririk shiksha vibhaag koo $3,500,000 diyaa, aur pool ney iska $1,000,000 istemal kiya. 1922 mein, bell ney vishvavidyalaya key adhyaksh marian berton koo likhaa kii mahilaaon key athletics kii pahali prathamikta unakaa apana swimming pool honah thaa. halanki ise safal honey mein kuchh samay lagaa, lekin bell ney sweekaar kiya kii yeh "durlabh sansthaan thaa jisamen suvidhaaen aur karmchari they" jisane mahila teams koo badhaava dene mein madad kii. unhein garv thaa kii mishigan vishvavidyalaya iss kshetra key netaaon mein seey ack thaa.
1966 mein aich kii sifarish parr ise margaret bell key sammaan mein bell pool naam diyaa gayaa thaa.oh. usa samay key athletic nideshak chrysler they. isase pahale, ise kewal mahilaaon key swimming pool key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa. mishigan key kendriya parisar manoranjak bhawan koo baad mein 1976 mein bell pool mein jodaa gayaa thaa, aur donon aaj bhee parisar mein ack hii sthaan parr hain.
sthaaniya aur rashtriya bhagidari.
dow. key kaaran. shaaririk shiksha key kshetra mein margaret bell kii jeevan bhar kii pratishtha, bell koo apane jeevan bhar kaee samitiyon mein seva karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa.
1943 mein, bell ney dakshinpurvi mishigan manoranjan pariyojana, sanrakshan vibhaag kii aine arber yojana samiti parr kaam kiya. unhone 2 disambar, 1943 koo iss samiti kii sadasyata sweekaar kii. bell kii samiti kaa uddeshya "dakshinpurvi mishigan key logon key liye behtar manoranjak suvidhaaen pradaan karna" thaa. sanrakshan vibhaag key nideshak, pee.jey. hofmaster ney samiti mein bell key yogdan koo sweekaar kiya aur kahaa kii yeh kaafee hudd taka "vyaktigat prayason-jaise [bell key]-key madhyam seey thaa kii vidhaayika ney ghanee aabaadi kendron koo aasaani seey sulabh 100,000 ekad bhoomi pradaan karane key liye ack karyakram shuru karane key liye dhana upalabdh karaane key liye ack vidheyak paarit kiya aur sabhi logon key anand key liye. bell ney apane samudaay kii seva kii aur sangathan koo vidhaayi kaarravaai karane mein madad kii.
1945 mein, bell ney mishigan schools koo unaki swaasthya suvidhaon aur karyakramon mein sudhaar karane mein madad karane key liye samarpit ack shaikshik pariyojana sthaapit karane mein madad karane key liye raajya shiksha board aur saarvajanik nirdesh adheekshak key saath ack sthiti sweekaar kii. adheekshak, eugene bee. elliot ney shiksha aur swaasthya donon key pratinidhi key roop mein salaahkaar samiti mein shamil honey kaa aagrah kiya. bell ney karyakram aur vitt kii upasamiti mein kaam kiya.
1947 seey 1951 taka, bell ney rashtriya shiksha sangh aur americi chikitsa sangh key beach ack sanyukt samiti mein kaam kiya, jisane likhaa kii "shaaririk shikshak swaasthya key baare mein poochata haye", ack dastaavez joe ack achchi tarah seey paribhaashit swaasthya neeti rakhane key liye school kii jimmedaari parr charcha kartaa haye, lekin aisee neeti key abhaav mein, shaaririk shikshak koo isake vikas koo shuru karane kii aavashyakta haye.
shaaririk shiksha mein apani pratishtha aur visheshagyata key kaaran bell sthaaniya, raajya aur rashtriya star parr kaee pariyojanaon key saath shamil thee.
swaasthya, shaaririk shiksha aur manoranjan key liye americi sanghah 1939-1940.
bell 1939 mein swaasthya, shaaririk shiksha aur manoranjan key liye americi sangh key adhyaksh baney, jise abb swaasthya, shaaririk shiksha, manoranjan aur nritya key liye americi gathbandhan kahaa jaataa haye. unhone ack varsh key liye rashtrapati key roop mein kaary kiya. apane karyakal key dauran, ghanti ney logon key dimag mein shaaririk shiksha key mahatva koo adhik teevrata seey failaane kaa prastaav rakhaa. vaha chaahati thee kii desh bhar key schools parr yeh jimmedaari rakhee jaae kii chhaatr shaaririk roop seey paryaapt star parr pradarshan curr rahey houn.
1944 mein, bell koo sanyukt raajya america key shiksha aayukt, jey. key karyalaya seey ack taar praapt huaa.doubleu. adhyayankarta. taar ney teen anya logon key saath washington dee aaney key liye ghanti bajaane kaa aagrah kiya.see. yuu seey sambandhit "tatkaal samasyaon" parr charcha karane key liye.aiss. shiksha kaa karyalaya. adhyayankarta iss baat seey chintit thaa kii yuddh key liye jaane vaale americi purush safaltapurvak ladane key liye shaaririk roop seey paryaapt roop seey fitt naheen they. unakaa maanana thaa kii ise thheek karane kaa ekmatra tarika shaaririk shiksha koo school pranali kaa ack badaa hissa banaana thaa. 29 julaai, 1944 koo, bell ney baithak mein bhaag liya, jahan samooh ney "swaasthya sevaaon, swaasthya nirdesh, shaaririk shiksha, athletics aur manoranjan key kshetra mein praathamik, maadhyamik, uchch aur vyaavsaayik shiksha mein paryaapt karmchaariyon" kaa prastaav rakhaa.
1949 mein dow. carle ell. nordley, american association forr health, physical ajucation aind recreation key adhyaksh ney sambaddh sangathanon parr rashtrapati kii samiti koo ghanti saunpi. bell ney 25 julaai, 1949 koo pada sweekaar kiya.
sitambar 1956 seey, bell ney washington dee mein swaasthya, shaaririk shiksha aur manoranjan fitness sammelan key liye americi sangh mein bhaag liya.see. kewal ack sou sangh sadasyon koo aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. sammelan mein, sadasyon ney americi yuvaaon kii shaaririk sthiti key liye rashtriya chinta parr charcha kii.
ling aur lingwad parr vichaaron parr prakaashit raay.
margaret bell una logon key khilaf bolly joe maanate they kii masik dharm prakriya mahilaaon koo sakriya honey seey manaa karati haye. yeh iss samay kii maanyata thee, aur iss kalank koo shaant karane key andolan mein ghanti sakriya thee. 1954 mein, dow. prinston vishvavidyalaya mein swaasthya vibhaag key saath kaam karane vaale mcfee ney iss baat parr jore diyaa kii "yeh kuchh vishvaas key saath kahaa jaa sakata haye kii koee bhee upayukt team yaa vyaktigat pratispardhi khel samanya ladki yaa mahila key shaaririk swaasthya koo nuksan naheen pahunchaayega. vaha mahilaaon kii pratispardha key khilaf aalochana seey sahmat naheen theen joe jyaadaatar mahilaaon key prajanan maarg koo nuksan pahunchaane key darr seey sambandhit thee. bell ney sujhaav diyaa kii yeye aarop bahut yathaarthvaadi naheen lagate hain kyonki khel pratiyogita key madhyam seey prajanan path kii choton kii kalpana karna mushkil haye.
ghanti kaa maanana thaa kii masik dharm key aspas kaa kalank ekmatra sabse buraa kaarak thaa joe naukari key baajaron mein mahilaaon kii safaltaon koo seemit curr rhaa thaa. unhone iss vishay parr agyaani koo soochit karna apana mission banaaya. bell ney march 1942 mein "haaijiyah dha health magazine off dha american medical association" mein ack lekh likhaa, jiska sheershak thaa "masik dharm parr vyaavhaarik prashnon key uttar. iss lekh mein, unhone ausat mahila key liye masik dharm key samanya aur mahatva parr charcha kii, aur kahaa kii ise tiraskar yaa ghrina key saath yaa kissy bhee prakaar kii bimari key roop mein naheen dekhaa jaanaa chaahiye. unhone mahilaaon koo masik dharm key dauran vyayam jaari rakhane key liye protsaahit kiya, aur iss baat parr jore diyaa kii yeh dusaron koo bilkul bhee dooshit naheen kartaa haye.
isake alawa, iss avadhi kii una aalochanaon koo shaant karane key prayaas mein, joe sujhaav detee hain kii shaaririk pratispardha mahilaaon kii prajanan kshamataon key liye hanikarak thee, ghanti ney tippani kii kii "prajanan angon kaa uddeshya mahilaaon key saath-saath purushon key jeevan mein santushti jodana haye. ack yuva mahila koo ack saathi patni aur ack yogya maan honey key liye tatpar rehna chaahiye, kyonki ack aadami ack achchha pati aur ack achchha pitaa honey key liye tatpar haye. kissy key ling key liye samajh aur sammaan sabhyata kii sthirata aur pragati mein yogdan karane key liye ack badaa sauda haye.
kamkaji mahila parr ghanti kaa drishya.
mahilaaon key kaam karane key baare mein unake vichaar unake poore jeevan mein gaharaai seey badal gaye. swayam ack kamkaji mahila honey key bavjood, bell ney mahamandi key aarthik sankat key dauran arthavyavastha mein ghar parr mahilaaon key mahatva key baare mein pramukhta seey baat kii. ack bhaashan mein unhone vaaee mein diyaa.doubleu.see.aeye. 23 aprail, 1934 koo detroit mein, bell ney gair-kamkaji mahila kii kaee moolyavaan pahchaanon parr charcha kii. joe grihini they, way mahatvapurna they kyonki way aatma aur aatma key gunon koo uttejit karate they. bell ney samajhaaya kii unakaa maanana thaa kii mahilaaen aur purush alag-alag hain, aur unhein naukari key baajaron mein pratispardha naheen karni chaahiye, balki ack-dusare key poorak honah chaahiye.
mahamandi key dauran, ack vichardhara thee kii mahilaaon koo parivaar key vitt mein yogdan karane mein madad karane key liye kaam karna chaahiye. halanki, bell isase asahmat thee. unakaa maanana thaa kii kaam karane vaali mahilaaen "moolyon mein galati" theen, aur mahilaaon koo ghar vaapas jaanaa chaahiye aur parivaar banaane parr kaam karna chaahiye. unakaa maanana thaa kii mahilaaon koo "[apane] stree sambandhi daayitvon koo puuraa karane" kii aavashyakta haye.
lagbhag ack dashak pahale key mahamandi seey apani dhuna koo poori tarah seey badalate hue, ghanti kaa maanana thaa kii mahilaaon kii unnati mahilaaon key shaaririk swaasthya parr nirbhar thee. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key beach, ghanti iss baat parr adee hui thee kii ladkiyon koo "udyog aur samudayik jeevan mein apane bhaai kii jagah lene" key liye dheeraj, kaushal aur chapalata kii aavashyakta thee. ghanti yuddh mein purushon key jaane kaa laabh uthaana chaahati thee, kyonki unakaa maanana thaa kii yeh mahilaaon key liye [unaki] kshamataon kii mahaan shrinkhala kaa pradarshan karane kaa ack mahaan avsar haye. unakaa maanana thaa kii ise puuraa karane kaa ekmatra tarika mahilaaon kii shaaririk yogyata koo badhaana thaa, jisase way apani taakat, kaushal aur karyon aur andolan kii gati koo badhaa sakengi. aisaa karane seey, ghanti ney mahsoos kiya, mahilaaon koo apane jeevan mein adhik jordar honey kii anumati milegi, lekin isase bhee mahatvapurna baat yeh haye kii dwiteeya vishva yuddh key maddenajar desh kii seva karein. unakaa maanana thaa kii yuddh key prayaas mein mahilaaon kii bhoomika purushon koo unaki naukariyon mein badalana thaa joe way yuddh key kaaran naheen curr sakate they, aur unhone mahsoos kiya kii aisaa karane mein saksham honey mein shaaririk fitness mahatvapurna thee. 1942 seey 1945 taka raksha parr mishigan parishad key madhyam seey shaaririk fitness aur manoranjan parr samiti mein seva karke bell iss lakshya koo puuraa karane mein saksham thaa.

