pygostylia

pygostylia avialance kaa ack samooh haye jisamen confuciousornithidae aur sabhi adhik unnat prajaatiyan, ornithothores shamil hain.
paribhasha.
samooh pygostylia kaa uddeshya sabhi avians koo ack chhoti, jiddi poonchh key saath shamil karna thaa, jaisa kii "archaeopterics lithographica" jaisi adhik adim prajaatiyon kii lambi, aprayukt poonchh key vipareet thaa. iska naam 1997 mein shankar chutterjee dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa. luis chiap ney baad mein pygostylia koo ack node-adharit clade key roop mein paribhaashit kiya, "confuciousornithidae aur neornithes key samanya poorvaj aur isake sabhi vanshaj. 2001 mein, jacks gauthier aur cavin dee quiroz ney sifarish kii kii chiap kii node-adharit paribhasha key bajaay chatterji kii mool apomorphy-adharit clade avadharana kaa upayog kiya jaae, lekin iss sifarish kaa asangat roop seey paalan kiya gayaa haye. luis chiap aur saha-lekhak chiap kii paribhasha kaa upayog karna jaari rakhate hain, aksar naam key lekhak honey kaa shreya chiap 2001 yaa chiap 2002 koo diyaa jaataa haye, naa kii chutterjee koo.
2016 mein jingmai oh 'connor aur unake sahyogiyon dwara ack phylogenetic adhyayan key parinamon key baad cladogramah
varnan.
chiappe ney nott kiya kii unaki paribhasha key tahat, pygostylia key sabhi sadasya chaar anoothi visheshtaon koo saajha karate hain. samooh koo iska naam dene vaali visheshta ack pygostyle kii upasthiti haye, yaa poonchh key anta mein fused kasheruka kaa sett haye. agala haye hyposphene-hypentrum kii anupasthiti. agala ack vipareet pubic huddy haye joe sacrum key mukhya aksh seey 45 seey 65 degree key konn seey alag hoti haye. antim tibiotarsus (nichale pair kii huddy) kaa ack bulbus madhya condyle haye.
pygostyle key sambandh mein pygostylean dou alag-alag samoohon mein aatey hain. ornithothores mein ack hull key aakar kaa pygostyle hotaa haye, jabaki adhik adim sadasyon mein lambe, chhad key aakar key pygostyle hotey hain.
samooh kaa sabse pahala gyaat sadasya chean key huaziing gathan key sichakau sadasya seey anantiornithin prajaati "protopterics fengingensis" haye, joe lagbhag 131 maa pahale kii haye, halanki cumm seey cumm ack anya anantiornithin, "noguerornis", isase bhee purana hoe sakata haye, 145.5 million saal pahale taka, halanki isaki sateek umr anishchit haye.

