
ricardo flores maigan

cipriyano ricardo flores maigan (, jise ricardo flores maigan key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye; 16 sitambar, 1874-21 navambar, 1922) ack maxican arajaktawadi aur samajik sudhaar karyakarta they. unake bhaai enrique aur yeeshu bhee rajneeti mein sakriya they. florus maigan bhaaiyon key anuyaayiyon koo magonistas key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. unhein usa samajik andolan mein ack mahatvapurna bhagidar maanaa jaataa haye jisane maxican kranti koo janm diyaa.
jeevani.
ricardo kaa janm 16 sitambar 1874 koo saine antonio aloxochitlan, oxaca, ack swadeshi mazatech samudaay mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa, teodoro flores, ack zapotech bhaaratiya they aur unaki maan, margarita maigan ack mestiza theen. yeh jodaa 1863 mein puebla kii gherabandi key dauran ack-dusare seey milaa thaa jaba donon maxican sainikon key liye golaa-barud leey jaa rahey they.
maigan ney kaee praarambhik arajaktavadiyon key lekhan aur vichaaron kii khoj kii, jaise kii mikhail bakunin aur piyare-joseph prudhon, lekin arajaktawadi samkaaleen alysse rickles, charles malato, erico malatesta, encelmo lorenzo, emma goldman aur fernando tarida dell marmol seey bhee prabhaavit they. way peater kropotkin seey sabse adhik prabhaavit they. unhone carle marks aur heinrich ibsen kii kritiyon seey bhee padhaa.
way mexico kii kranti aur mexico key krantikari andolan key pramukh vicharakon mein seey ack they. flores maigan ney duniya key audyogik shramikon (aaee. doubleu. doubleu.) key saath sangathit kiya aur maxican arajaktawadi samachar patra "regeneratian" kaa sampadan kiya, jisane shramikon koo porpherio diaz kii tanashahi key khilaf jagaaya.
kropotkin kii "rotty kii vijay", jise maigan ack prakaar kii arajaktawadi bible maanata haye, ney 1911 key "magonista" vidroh key dauran baajaa california mein alpakaalik krantikari samudaayon key liye aadhar key roop mein kaam kiya.
maigan bhaai oxaca mein mamuli sadhanon vaale parivaar seey they aur teenon ney esquela national dee jurisprudencia (aaj oonaam key kaanoon sankaay) mein kaanoon kaa adhyayan kiya. ricardo ney shuru mein esquela national preparatoria mein bhaag liya. iss dauran, unhone rashtrapati porpherio diaz key chhaatr virodh mein bhaag liya aur unhein paanch maheene key liye jail kii sajaa sunai gaee. phir bhee, unhone snaatak kiya aur phir rashtriya vidhi vidyalaya mein sthanantarit hoe gaye. vahaan rahate hue, unhone chhaatr samachar patra "ell democrata" key liye ack proofreeder key roop mein kaam kiya aur jaba poore karmchari koo pulis dwara giraftar kiya gayaa tou way giraftari seey butch gaye. vaha teen maheene taka chhipkar rahey lekin unhone apani padhaai jaari rakhee aur 1895 mein apani kaanoon kii degree praapt kii aur baaraa mexico-collegio dee abogados (maxican baar aur adhivakta college) kii pariksha utteern kii. unhone thode samay key liye kaanoon kaa abhyaas kiya aur uchch degree key liye adhyayan karna jaari rakhaa, lekin unaki raajneetik gatividhiyon key kaaran 1898 mein unhein school seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa. 1900 mein, unhone aur unake bhaai jeesas ney "regeneratian" samachar patra kii sthaapana kii jisamen ricardo ney diaz parr hamla karate hue kaee lekh likhe. unhone vipakshi patrikaon "accelsier", "laa republica mexico" aur "ell hijo dell aahuizote" key liye bhee lekh likhe. way 1900 mein pee. ell. aim. mein shamil hue.
sanyukt raajya america key liye udaan.
1904 mein, maigan mexico seey bhaag gaye jaba adalaton ney unake lekhan key mudran parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa aur vaha apane shesh jeevan key liye sanyukt raajya america mein rahey. iss avadhi kaa aadhaa samay jail mein bitaaya gayaa thaa. unhone "regeneratian" kaa prakaashan phir seey shuru kiya aur videshon seey "partido liberal maxicano" (pee. ell. aim.) (maxican liberal party) kaa netritva kiya. 1906 mein way california chaley gaye. iss samay key aspas mexico mein pee. ell. aim. vidroh hue jinhen maxican sarkaar ney kuchal diyaa thaa. america ney maxican sarkaar key saath sahaanubhooti jataai aur america mein pee. ell. aim. netaaon koo hirasat mein lena shuru curr diyaa. maigan koo darr thaa kii vaha pakada jaayega aur mexico vaapas aaa jaayega, jahan usey fansi kii sambhavana kaa saamana karna padaa.
1907 mein, thomas furlong key naam seey ack americi jasus koo chihuahua key usa samay key governor enrique creel dwara america mein maxican asantushton kaa pataa lagaane key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. pee. ell. aim. kaa americi mukhyalaya sent mein thaa. usa samay lui. badee sankhya mein pravaasi they joe isake thikaane key baare mein jaanate they aur parinamswarup, furlong koo shahar mein asantushton kaa pataa lagaane mein koee kathinaaee naheen hui. haalaanki, maigan loss angils mein bahut gopaniyata mein reh rhaa thaa. unhone ack chhadm naam kaa istemal kiya, aur shahar mein kewal dou anya loga unaki vaastavik pehchaan jaanate they. aggar unhein usey dekhane kii jarurat thee, tou unhone aadhi raat seey subah key beach aisaa kiya. sent mein asantusht. lui koo jald hii pataa chalaa kii maxican sarkaar key liye kaam karane vaale agents dwara unaki talash kii jaa rahee haye. librado rivera ney kabja karane seey bachane key liye shahar chhod diyaa aur halanki vaha una agents key liye lagaatar satark thaa joe shayed usey chhaaya rahey houn, lekin vaha unase bachane mein whiffle rhaa. unake baad loss angils aur magon key nivaas sthaan parr unakaa anusaran kiya gayaa. furlong ney kuchh samay taka ghar kii nigrani kii. anta mein, 23 agast, 1907 koo, magon, rivera aur antonio villarial koo furlong, unake dou sahayakon aur loss angils pulis vibhaag key kuchh adhikaariyon dwara hirasat mein leey liya gayaa.
maigan aur anya pee. ell. aim. sadasyon ney loss angils jaane seey pahale key varshon mein dugglus, arizona mein krantikariyon kii ack brigade kaa ayojan kiya thaa. khadanon mein aur unake aspas kaaryarat sabhi amerikiyon koo samaapt karane key kathit iraade seey arizona kii dakshini seema seey lagbhag tees meal door canania tambe kii khadanon mein ack abhiyaan bheja gayaa thaa. brigade kaa peechha arizona rangers dwara kiya gayaa thaa jinhone unhein udaan bharane key liye rakhaa, aur unamen seey kuchh koo pakad liya. magon aur usake sathiyon koo makbare, arizona mein pratyarpit kiya gayaa, jahan una parr yuu kaa ullanghan karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa.aiss. tatasthata kaanoon. halanki americi aur maxican vampanthiyon ney apane bachaav key liye raili kii, unhein doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur yuma kshetriya jail mein athaarah maheene kii sajaa sunai gaee, baad mein unhein arizona raajya jail parisar-florence mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. unhein 1910 mein jaari kiya gayaa aur phir seey loss angils shahar key ack karyalaya seey "punarjanan" kaa prakaashan phir seey shuru kiya gayaa. maxican grihyuddh usee varsh shuru huaa, aur "magonistas", jaisa kii pee. ell. aim. balon koo jaanaa jaataa thaa, poore mexico mein pancho vilaa, emiliano zapaataa aur venustiano carranza aur francisco I kii senaaon key saath yuddh mein shamil they. madero.
maee 1911 taka, diaz koo haraaya gayaa thaa. madero ney ack chunaav kaa ayojan kiya, jise unhone maxican matdaataon koo yeh vishvaas dilaakar dhokha dekar jeetaa kii unhone pee. ell. aim. key saath senaa mein shamil hoe gaye hain. maigan ney mexico mein vishal americi aarthik upasthiti aur madero dwara kisan bhoomi key nirantar zabt karane kaa virodh karna jaari rakhaa. usey phir seey giraftar curr liya gayaa. washington raajya mein dou saal jail mein rahane key baad, unhein riha curr diyaa gayaa aur silver lake jalaashay key thheek uttar mein edendale mein bhaai enrique key saath buss gaye. iss samay taka pee. ell. aim. key paas koee paisa naheen thaa, aur bhaaiyon aur unake doston ney kiraaye kii jameen parr murgi kii kheti kii aur unakaa paalan-poshan kiya. unhone "punarjagaran" kaa prakaashan aur kshetra mein bhaashan denaa jaari rakhaa. maigan jinn sthaanon parr ruke they, unamen seey ack loss angils county mein saine gabriel ghaati key hisse ell monte shahar mein thaa. ell monte mein apane samay key dauran, maigan ney mexico mein sathiyon koo patra likhe, saath hii kshetra mein sthaaniya kheton mein kaam karane key liye apana aur parivaar kaa samarthan karate hue sthaaniya arajaktawadi gatividhiyon mein shamil they. 1916 mein unhein phir seey giraftar kiya gayaa, una parr yuu. aiss. key madhyam seey "abhadra samagri" bhejane kaa aarop thaa.aiss. mell karein. emma goldman kii madad seey unhone jamaanat leey lii. 
1918 mein unhone yuddh-virodhi ghoshanapatra prakaashit kiya. isamen unhone likhaa, "purani vyavastha kii mrityu nikat haye. baar, theatre, streetcar aur gharon mein, vishesh roop seey hamaare gharon mein, neeche key logon key gharon mein, yeh fusfusaya jaa rhaa haye."inn lekhan key liye, una parr 1917 key jasusi adhiniyam key tahat rajdroh kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa, 1917 key jasusi adhiniyam kaa ullanghan karate hue" "yuddh key prayaas mein baadha daalane" "key liye unhein doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur bees saal kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. willson prashaasan ney yuddh key asantushton aur vampanthiyon parr ack thoke kaarravaai kii, jise pamar redd kahaa jaataa thaa, jisane eugene banaam jaise ullekhaniya samajvadiyon koo bhee gher liya. debbs. maigan kii mrityu kansas mein leavenworth jail mein hui. way kaee varshon seey madhumeh seey peedit they aur apani mrityu key samay taka apani drishti khou rahey they.
flores maigan kii mrityu kaa kaaran vivaadit haye. kuchh logon kaa maanana haye kii jail key guards ney jaanboojhkar unaki hatyaa curr dee thee. anya logon kaa tark haye kii unaki mrityu unaki lambi kaid key kaaran bigadati swaasthya key parinamswarup hui, sambhavatah khameer key adhikaar vaale jail adhikaariyon aur karmchaariyon dwara chikitsa upeksha key kaaran hui. magon ney apane doston koo kaee patra likhe, jinamen unhone kamjor karane vaali swaasthya samasyaon aur jail karmchaariyon dwara uddeshyapurna upeksha kii shikayat kii thee.
maxican chamber off deputies ney magon key shareer key pratyaavartan kaa anurodh karate hue ack prastaav paarit kiya. isamen kahaa gayaa haye,
yuu.aiss. adhikaariyon ney anurodh koo aswikar curr diyaa aur maigan koo loss angils mein dafnaya gayaa. unake avasheshon koo antatah 1945 mein vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa aur mexico shahar mein prasiddh vyaktiyon key rotunda mein dafnaya gayaa.
viraasat.
flores magon key andolan ney americi aur maxican arajaktavadiyon donon kii kalpana koo badhaava diyaa. 1945 mein, unake avasheshon koo mexico vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa aur mexico shahar mein "rotonda dee loss hombress illustress" mein dafnaya gayaa. mexico mein, flores maigan bhaaiyon koo vampanthi raajneetik prateek maanaa jaataa haye joe lagbhag emiliano zapaataa jitna hii ullekhaniya haye; kaee sadakon, saarvajanik schools, kasbon aur padoson kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye. unake vichaaron ney mexico key oxaca key swadeshi netaaon koo bhee prerit kiya haye, jisamen chattino netaa tomus cruze lorenzo bhee shamil hain.
1991 mein, dugglus day ney "dha jail notebook off ricardo flores maigan" prakaashit kiya, joe ack kaalpanik diarry haye jisamen flores maigan key jeevan koo oxaca mein unake janm seey laker leavenworth mein unaki kothri mein unaki rahasyamay mrityu taka shamil kiya gayaa haye.
1997 mein, oxaca raajya mein mexico key swadeshi logon key ack sangathan ney oxaca key darshan parr adharit oxaca "ricardo flores maigan" ("concejo indigena popular dee oxaca" ricardo flores maigan ", yaa sipo-rfm) kii lokpriya swadeshi parishad kaa gathan kiya.
natakkar.
lokpriya shiksha key apane kaam mein, ricardo flores maigan ney samaaj key doshon kii ninda karane aur udaarvaadi "karyakram" kii mukhya panktiyon kii ruprekha taiyar karane key liye rangmanch kaa bhee upayog kiya. way dou natakon key lekhak hainh "verdugos aitt victerus" aur "tiera vaaee libertad". way "regeneratian" samachar patra mein prakaashit kaee kahaaniyon key lekhak bhee hain.

