
praarambhik deerghakaalik kshamata

praarambhik deerghakaalik kshamata (ee-ell. tii. pee.) deerghakaalik kshamata (ell. tii. pee.) kaa pahala charan haye, joe synaptic plasticity kaa ack achchi tarah seey adhyayan kiya gayaa roop haye, aur isamen synaptic shakti mein vriddhi hoti haye. ell. tii. pee. kaa utpaadan poorv-sanyugma terminals kii punaravritti uttejana dwara kiya jaa sakata haye, aur maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh standhaariyon mein hippocampus, emigdala aur anya cortical mastishk sanrachanaon mein smriti kaary mein bhoomika nibhaata haye.
deerghakaalik kshamata taba hoti haye jaba haal kii gatividhi key parinamswarup synaptic sancharan adhik prabhaavi hoe jaataa haye. neuronal parivartan asthaayi hoe sakate hain aur kuchh ghanton (shuruati ell. tii. pee.) yaa bahut adhik sthir aur lambe samay taka chalane vaale (dair seey ell. tii. pee.) key baad kharaab hoe sakate hain.
praarambhik aur antim charan.
yeh prastaavit kiya gayaa haye kii deerghakaalik kshamata cumm seey cumm dou alag-alag charanon seey bunny haih protein sanshleshan-swatantra ee-ltp (praarambhik ltp) aur protein sanshleshan-nirbhar ell-ltp (dair seey ltp). ee-ell. tii. pee. koo trigger karane key liye uchch aavritti vaali uttejanaon kii ack ekal train kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe uttejana key thheek baad shuru hoti haye, joe kuchh ghanton yaa usase cumm samay taka chalati haye, aur mukhya roop seey alpakaalik kinnez gatividhi parr nirbhar karati haye. ell-ell. tii. pee. kii bharti key liye vipareet roop seey majboot uttejana protocol kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe kuchh ghanton key baad shuru hotaa haye, cumm seey cumm aathh ghante taka rahata haye, aur dee novo jeane pratilekhan key sakriyan parr nirbhar kartaa haye. yeye vibhinn visheshataaen ee-ell. tii. pee. aur alpakaalik smriti charan key saath-saath ell. ell. tii. pee. aur deerghakaalik smriti charan key beach ack sambandh kaa sujhaav detee hain.
ell. tii. pee. aur smriti charan.
dou doori kii trains dwara prerit ell. tii. pee. aur chaar trains dwara prerit ell. tii. pee. key beach kii tulanaa mein jangli prakaar key choohon seey pataa chalaa kii dou trains dwara prerit ell. tii. pee. ack train dwara prerit ack train kii tulanaa mein teji seey kshay kartaa haye aur chaar trains dwara prerit ack kii tulanaa mein dheema hotaa haye. isake alawa, dou trains dwara prerit ell. tii. pee. kewal protein kinnez aeye (pee. key. aeye.) avrodh seey aanshik roop seey baadhit hotaa haye aur protein sanshleshan avrodh seey naheen. inn nishkarshon ney sujhaav diyaa kii ee-ell. tii. pee. aur ell-ell. tii. pee. key liye ell. tii. pee. madhyavarti kaa ack pee. key. aeye.-nirbhar charan haye, jise madhyavarti ell. tii. pee. (aaee-ell. tii. pee.) kahaa jaataa thaa.
doosari or, transgenic choohon mein, dou trains dwara prerit ell. tii. pee. jangli prakaar key choohon kii tulanaa mein teji seey kshay hoe jaataa haye, jiska arth haye kii atyadhik calcinurin gatividhi aaee-ell. tii. pee. aur ell. ell. tii. pee. donon koo dabaa detee haye. yeh calcinurin-atee-abhivyakti smriti-sambandhit vyavhaar sambandhi kamee seey judee hoe sakati haye. transgenic choohon ney jangli prakaar key choohon kii tulanaa mein sthaanik smriti karyon mein kharaab pradarshan kiya, joe ack kamee kaa sanket detaa haye. haalaanki jaba adhik gahanata seey prashikshit kiya jaataa haye tou jangli prakaar key choohon key sambandh mein unake pradarshan kii kamee gayab hoe jaati haye. isake alawa transgenic choohon ney prashikshan key 30 minut baad smriti karyon parr samanya roop seey pradarshan kiya, lekin prashikshan key 24 ghante baad kaafee bigade hue they. isase yeh nishkarsh nikla kii calcinurin-atee-abhivyakt karane vaale choohon mein deerghakaalik smriti samekan mein kamee hoti haye, joe antim charan ell. tii. pee. mein unaki kamee koo darshaati haye.
javic prakriyaaen.
applicia mein saral prativart key prashikshan ney una prativart key liye jimmedaar samvedi aur motor neurons key beach ack majbooti dikhaai haye; ack cellular star parr, alpakaalik smriti (aur iss prakaar, praarambhik ell. tii. pee.) kshamata key liye, shivir-nirbhar pee. key. aeye. aur pee. key. see. key madhyam seey protein key sanshodhanon key madhyam seey poorv-sanchari neurotransmitter mein vriddhi hoti haye. deerghakaalik prakriya key liye nae protein sanshleshan aur shivir-madhyasth jeane abhivyakti kii aavashyakta hoti haye, aur isake parinamswarup nae synaptic connections kaa vikas hotaa haye.
inn nishkarshon ney iss sawal koo janm diyaa haye kii kyaa standhaariyon mein bhee aisee hii prakriya haye. hippocampus mein input chhidra path key madhyam seey entorinal cortex key neurons seey aataa haye, joe dentate gyrus kii danedar koshikaon parr synaps kartaa haye. danedar koshikaaen badale mein apane akshtantuon, kaaee fiber maarg (see. aeye. 3) koo see. aeye. 3 kshetra kii pyramidal koshikaon parr synaps karane key liye bhejati hain. anta mein, see. aeye. 3 kshetron mein pyramidal koshikaon key akshatantu, schafer sampaarshvik maarg (see. aeye. 1), see. aeye. 1 kshetra kii pyramidal koshikaon parr samaapt hoe jaate hain. inmein seey kissy bhee hippocample maarg koo nuksan manushyon mein kuchh smriti gadbadi paida karane key liye paryaapt haye.
chhidra aur scaffer maargon mein, ell. tii. pee. ack postsyneptic aine. aim. dee. aeye. receptor koo sakriya karke prerit kiya jaataa haye, jisase calcium kaa pravaah hotaa haye. doosari or, mossy fiber maarg mein, ell. tii. pee. koo glutamate key pravaah key madhyam seey poorv-sanyugmit roop seey prerit kiya jaataa haye.
ee-ell. tii. pee. aur shaastriya anukoolan.
praarambhik ell. tii. pee. kaa sabse achchha adhyayan shaastriya anukoolan key sandarbh mein kiya jaataa haye. jaise hii ack binaa shart uttejana kaa sanket mastishk mein ponteen naabhik mein pravesh kartaa haye, sanket jeevaashm tantuon key madhyam seey antarveshak naabhik aur pramastishk mein samanantar tantuon taka jaataa haye. tathaakathit purkinje koshikaon parr samanantar tantu synapse, joe ack saath nimnatar jaitoon aur chadhaai tantuon key madhyam seey binaa shart uttejana kaa input praapt karate hain.
samanantar reshe glutamate chhodate hain, joe avarodhak chayapachaya aur uttejak ionotropic empa receptors koo sakriya kartaa haye. chayapachaya receptors jee protein key madhyam seey ack enzyme cascade koo sakriya karate hain, joe protein kinnez see (pee. key. see.) key sakriyan kii or leey jaataa haye. yeh pee. key. see. phosphorylate sakriya ayanan-avarodhak receptors koo.
koshika key ack anya sthaan parr, chadhaai fiber neurotransmitter koo purkinje koshika mein leey jaate hain, aur yeh calcium chainalon key khulane kii or leey jaataa haye, joe badale mein koshika mein calcium key pravaah mein vriddhi kaa kaaran banata haye. calcium ack baar phir pee. key. see. koo sakriya kartaa haye, aur phosphorilised ionotropic receptors aantarik hotey hain. iss prakaar, chayapachaya receptors kaa adhishesh koshika koo atidhruveekrit kartaa haye, aur antarveshak naabhik nimnatar jaitoon koo vidhruveekrit kartaa haye, joe binaa shart uttejana kii apeksha mein kamee kaa kaaran banata haye aur isaliye praarambhik ell. tii. pee. yaa deerghakaalik avasaad kii avadhi mein ack avrodh kaa kaaran banata haye.
naidaanik drishtikon.
alzheimer roga mein ell. tii. pee..
yeh gyaat haye kii alzheimer roga kii visheshta neurotoxic amyloid peptides (aeye. bee. aeye.) key atirikt koshikiya jamaa, hyper-phosphorylated taau protein key intracellular ektrikaran aur neuronal mrityu haye. jabaki deerghakaalik tanaav seekhane aur smriti key prabhaav parr isake nakaratmak prabhaavon kii visheshta haye aur isake alawa alzheimer roga (aid) sahit kaee vikaaron koo badhaa sakata haye.
pichhale adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii puraane manosamajik tanaav aur beeta peptides kii ack rogjanak khuraak key puraane jalsek kaa sanyojan seekhane aur smriti koo baadhit kartaa haye aur anaesthetised choohe key hippocample kshetra see. aeye. 1 mein praarambhik charan key deerghakaalik kshamata (ee-ell. tii. pee.) koo gambhir roop seey cumm curr detaa haye.
ack choohe key ghuspaithiya model kaa upayog karke deerghakaalik manosamajik tanaav kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa aur alzheimer roga key jokhim vaale choohe key model koo aeye. bee. aeye. (sabaye. bee. aeye.) kii upa-rogjanak khuraak key parasaran pump jalsek dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. anaesthetised choohon key dentate gyrus mein praarambhik aur antim charan ell. tii. pee. koo ujagar karane aur record karane key liye electrophysiological vidhiyon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur usee kshetra mein smriti seey sambandhit sanket anuon key star koo maapane key liye immunoblotting kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. dentate gyrus mein inn electrophysiological aur aanvik parikshanon seey pataa chalaa kii subabita choohe yaa tanaavgrast choohe niyantran choohon seey alag naheen they. haalaanki, vartamaan nishkarsh yeh nishkarsh nikaalate hain kii jaba tanaav aur upa-beeta koo jodaa jaataa haye, tou ee-ell. tii. pee. parimaan key mahatvapurna daman key parinam hotey hain.
sankshep mein, halanki see. aeye. 1 aur dee. jee. kshetra shaaririk aur karyatmak roop seey nikatata seey sambandhit hain, way upman key liye alag-alag pratikriya karate hain. jabaki kshetra see. aeye. 1 tanaav aur sanyojan tanaav/sabaye. bee. aeye. key prati samvedansheel haye, dee. jee. sabaye. bee. aeye. aur puraane tanaav key apmaanjanak sanyojan key liye ullekhaniya roop seey pratirodhi haye.
dawa key upayog mein ell. tii. pee..
ell. tii. pee. kaa ack anya upayog nashili davaaon key durupyog mein haye. jaisa kii kaee nashili davaaon key peediton mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, anukoolan ack sahishnuta key nirmaan mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye. nashedi koo usa sthaan parr thheek karane mein jahaan way ack alag uttejana key saath drugs lete they, unhein joe bhookh lagati thee, uska pratikaar kiya jaa sakata haye. ack safal prayogaatmak adhyayan seey pataa chalaa haye kii yeh pratimaan punah ghatit honey key khatare koo cumm kartaa haye aur vilupt honey key roop mein kaam kartaa haye.
vaikalpik model.
yeh parikalpana kii synaptic plasticity kaa sthirikaran dee novo protein sanshleshan parr nirbhar kartaa haye, saahitya mein lokpriya haye. praarambhik aur dair seey ell. tii. pee. key beach asthaayi antar bhee isi parr adharit haye. praarambhik ell. tii. pee. alpakaalik smriti aur dair seey ell. tii. pee. deerghakaalik smriti seey judaa huaa haye. vyavhaar adhyayanon ney iss antar key khilaf saboot uthaaye.
protein sanshleshan avrodhakon key saath adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa kii protein sanshleshan koo avaruddh karane seey smriti pratidhaaran baadhit naheen huaa. vaishvik protein sanshleshan avrodh kii sthiti key tahat hippocampus key tukade kii taiyari mein sthir ell. tii. pee. paae gaye. una adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii ell. tii. pee. sthirikaran protein sanshleshan seey swatantra roop seey hoe sakata haye. yeh darshaata haye kii protein sanshleshan aur sthirikaran key beach sambandh praarambhik aur dair seey ell. tii. pee. key beach antar nirdhaarit karane key liye aparyaapt haye.
ell. tii. pee. aur smriti sthirikaran key liye prerak bull key roop mein praarambhik aur dair seey ell. tii. pee. aur protein sanshleshan mein antar key bajaay, ack vaikalpik model prastaavit kiya gayaa thaah protein sanshleshan key alawa, protein ksharan bhee sthirikaran koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye, isaliye protein kii turn-over darr koo ell. tii. pee. sthirikaran key tahat kahaa jaataa haye. model key anusaar, ell. tii. pee. key asthaayi charanon mein antar anuchit haye aur yahaan taka kii ell. tii. pee. key baare mein bhavishya key shodh mein baadha daaltaa haye. kaary aur prakriyaon key bund asthaayikaran key kaaran tantra kii andekhi kii jaa sakati haye.

