
pockett veeto

pockett veeto ack vidhaayi paintarebaazi haye joe ack rashtrapati yaa veeto shakti vaale anya adhikaari koo koee kaarravaai naheen karke ("ise apani jeb mein rakhate hue") bill parr usa shakti kaa prayog karane kii anumati detee haye, iss prakaar prabhaavi roop seey ise sakaratmak roop seey veeto kiye binaa bill koo maar detaa haye. yeh pratyek desh key kaanoonon parr nirbhar kartaa haye; samanya vikalp yeh haye kii yadi rashtrapati koee kaarravaai naheen kartaa haye tou ack vidheyak swachaalit roop seey kaanoon bunn jaataa haye.
barbados.
bhaarat key samaan, barbados key samvidhaan kii dhaara 58, jaisa kii samvidhaan sanshodhan adhiniyam 2021 dwara sanshodhit kiya gayaa haye (jisane desh koo ack rashtramandal kshetra seey apane swayam key raajya key pramukh key saath ack sansadiya ganarajya mein parivartit curr diyaa) mein kahaa gayaa haye kii rashtrapati sansad dwara paarit vidheyak key liye apani sahamati ghoshit karega yaa apani sahamati roque dega. haalaanki, bhaarat kii tarah, barbadian samvidhaan sansad dwara bheje gaye vidheyak parr rashtrapati kii kaarravaai key liye ack vishisht samay seema naheen detaa haye. iss prakaar, ack vidheyak parr kaarravaai koo anishchit kaal key liye sthagit karke, aur ise sansad mein vaapas naheen bhejkar, rashtrapati prabhaavi roop seey ise veeto curr sakate hain.
finland.
finland key rashtrapati key paas sansad dwara paarit kiye gaye bilon koo jeb mein daalane kii shakti haye; haalaanki, iss tarah key veeto prabhaav mein asthaayi hain.
bhaarat.
bhaaratiya samvidhaan key anuchhed 111 mein kahaa gayaa haye kii rashtrapati sansad key donon sadanon dwara paarit vidheyak key liye apani sahamati ghoshit karega yaa apani sahamati roque dega, basharte kii vaha vidheyak koo punarvichaar key liye sansad koo vaapas curr sakey. yadi rashtrapati vidheyak koo lautaata haye, aur sansad ise ack baar phir seey paarit karati haye, tou rashtrapati apani sahamati koo roque naheen sakata haye. haalaanki, bhaaratiya samvidhaan sansad dwara bheje gaye vidheyak parr rashtrapati kii kaarravaai key liye ack vishisht samay seema naheen detaa haye. iss prakaar, ack vidheyak parr kaarravaai koo anishchit kaal key liye sthagit karke, aur ise sansad mein vaapas naheen bhejkar, rashtrapati prabhaavi roop seey ise veeto curr dete hain. 1982 seey 1987 taka bhaarat key rashtrapati rahey zail sinh ney bhaaratiya dakghar (sanshodhan) vidheyak koo kaanoon banane seey rokane key liye pockett veeto kaa prayog kiya.
sanyukt raajya america.
aam taur parr yadi koee rashtrapati kissy vidheyak parr hastakshar naheen kartaa haye, tou yeh duss dinon key baad kaanoon bunn jaataa haye jaise kii usane usa parr hastakshar kiye houn. pockett veeto taba hotaa haye jaba koee bill kaanoon banane mein whiffle rahata haye kyonki rashtrapati duss dinn kii avadhi key bheetar usa parr hastakshar naheen kartaa haye aur congress koo bill vaapas naheen curr sakata haye kyonki congress abb satra mein naheen haye. anuchhed 1, yuu kii dhaara 7.aiss. samvidhaan mein kahaa gayaa haih
yadi koee vidheyak rashtrapati dwara usake samaksh prastut kiye jaane key duss dinon (ravivaar koo chhodkar) key bheetar vaapas naheen kiya jaayega, tou vaha usee tarah seey ack kaanoon hoga, jaise kii usane usa parr hastakshar kiye they, jaba taka kii congress apane sthagan dwara ise vaapas karane seey naheen rokti, iss mamle mein yeh ack kaanoon naheen hoga.
samvidhaan kissy bhee kaanoon parr hastakshar karane yaa vaapas karane key nirnay key liye rashtrapati kii avadhi koo duss dinon taka seemit kartaa haye (ravivaar sahit naheen) jaba sanyukt raajya congress satra mein hoti haye. ack vaapsee veeto taba hotaa haye jaba rashtrapati apani apattiyon key saath ack vidheyak koo congress key sadan mein vaapas bhejata haye, jahan seey yeh utpann huaa thaa. congress donon sadanon key dou-tihai vote seey veeto koo override curr sakati haye, jisake baad bill kaanoon bunn jaataa haye. yadi congress 10-divasiya avadhi key dauran sthagan karke vidheyak kii vaapsee koo rokti haye, aur rashtrapati vidheyak parr hastakshar naheen kartaa haye, tou ack "pockett veeto" hotaa haye aur vidheyak kaanoon naheen bunn jaataa haye. congress veeto sandesh aur anya sanchaar praapt karane key liye ack agent koo sthagit aur naamit curr sakati haye taaki pockett veeto naa hoe, ack kaarravaai congress ney dashakon seey niyamit roop seey kii haye. yadi congress key satra seey baahar honey key dauran kissy vidheyak koo veeto curr diyaa jaataa haye, tou congress key liye pockett veeto koo darkinar karane kaa ekmatra tarika kaanoon koo ack nae vidheyak key roop mein phir seey pesh karna, ise donon sadanon key madhyam seey paarit karna aur hastakshar key liye ise phir seey rashtrapati key saamane pesh karna haye. james maddison 1812 mein pockett veeto kaa upayog karane vaale pahale rashtrapati baney.
sanyukt raajya america key itihas mein rashtrapatiyon key, frankleen dee. roozvelt key paas pockett veeto kii ack utkrisht sankhya thee, joe unake pahale yaa baad mein kissy seey bhee adhik thee. 1933 seey 1945 taka apane rashtrapati pada key dauran roozvelt ney 635 bilon parr veeto curr diyaa thaa, jinamen seey 263 pockett veeto they. george doubleu taka unake baad sabhi rashtrapati. busch key paas pockett veeto thaa jaba way karyalaya mein they; roozvelt key baad sabse adhik dee. eisenhower jinake paas 108 thaa. george doubleu. busch, baraak obama, donald trump aur joe biden ekmatra aadhunik rashtrapati hain joe pockett veeto kaa upayog naheen karate hain. sthaapana seey 1886 taka duss rashtrapatiyon ney iss ranneeti kaa upayog naheen kiya.
kanuni sthiti.
adalaton ney kabhi bhee poori tarah seey spasht naheen kiya haye kii congress dwara sthagan rashtrapati koo veeto kiye gaye vidheyak koo vaapas karane seey "rokega". kuchh rashtrapatiyon ney dou saal key congress key karyakal key dusare satra key anta mein congress key sthagan koo anishchit kaal key liye pratibandhit karane key liye samvidhaan kii vyakhya kii haye, jabaki anya ney antar-satra aur antahpravesh pockett veeto kii anumati dene key liye isaki vyakhya kii haye. 1929 mein, sanyukt raajya america kii sarvocch adalat ney pockett veeto mamle mein faisala sunaaya kii ack bill koo kaksh mein vaapas kiya jaanaa thaa, jabaki yeh satra mein thaa aur kaam karane mein saksham thaa. rashtrapati calvin cooliz key pockett veeto koo barkarar rakhate hue, adalat ney kahaa kii "nirdhaarak prashn yeh naheen haye kii kyaa yeh congress kaa antim sthagan haye yaa antarim sthagan haye, balki kyaa yeh vaha haye joe rashtrapati koo vidheyak koo vaapas karane seey 'rokta haye. 1938 mein, sarvocch nyayalaya ney "raait vee" mein khud koo aanshik roop seey ulat diyaa. sanyukt raajya america ney yeh nirnay dete hue kii congress satra mein naheen honey parr veeto sandesh praapt karane key liye apani or seey agents koo naamit curr sakati haye, kahaa kii samvidhaan "yeh paribhaashit naheen kartaa haye kii bill kii vaapsee kyaa hogi yaa vaapsee koo prabhaavi banaane mein upayukt agencies key upayog seey incar kiya jaayega. senate key teen divasiya avkash koo itna cumm samay maanaa jaataa thaa kii senate abhee bhee veeto parr "uchit sheeghrata" key saath kaary curr sakata thaa. haalaanki, paanch maheene kaa sthagan ack pockett veeto koo saksham karane key liye ack lambi avadhi hogi. una baadhaon key bheetar, abhee bhee kuchh aspashtata maujood haye. rashtrapati ack pratikool faisale key darr seey sarvocch nyayalaya mein vivaadit pockett veeto kaa peechha karane key liye anichhuk rahey hain joe bhavishya key mamalon mein ack udaaharan key roop mein kaam karega.
george doubleu. jhaadi.
disambar 2007 mein, rashtrapati george doubleu. busch ney daavaa kiya kii unhone vittiya varsh 2008 key liye rashtriya raksha pradhikaran adhiniyam koo veeto curr diyaa thaa, bhale hii pratinidhiyon key sadan ney sthagan seey pahale rashtrapati key sandesh praapt karane key liye naamit agents koo naamit kiya thaa. iss vidheyak koo pahale sadan aur senate donon mein veeto-proof bahumat dwara paarit kiya gayaa thaa. yadi rashtrapati ney vidheyak koo veeto karane kaa vikalp chunaa hotaa, tou unhein ise usa kaksh mein vaapas karane kii aavashyakta hoti jisamen isaki utpatti hui thee, iss mamle mein pratinidhi sabhaa. taba sadan veeto koo override karane key liye matdan curr sakata thaa, aur senate bhee aisaa hii curr sakata thaa. yadi pratyek sadan ney veeto koo override karane key liye matdan kiya hotaa, tou vidheyak kaanoon bunn jaataa.
taba sadan key adhyaksh nancy pelosi ney kahaah "congress iss daave koo jordar tareeke seey khariz karati haye kii rashtrapati key paas iss kaanoon koo veeto karane kaa adhikaar haye aur congress koo vaapas kiye gaye kissy bhee vidheyak koo ack override vote key roop mein maanaa jaayega."1 janwari, 2008 koo, rashtrapati key upa sahayak aur white house key upa press sachiv scott stangel ney kahaah" "ack pockett veeto, jaisa kii aap jaanate hain, anivarya roop seey ise apani jeb mein daal rhaa haye aur koee kaarravaai naheen curr rhaa haye. aur jaba congress-sadan satra seey baahar hoe jaataa haye-iss mamle mein yeh hamara vichaar haye kii taba vidheyak kaanoon naheen bunn jaayega."
congress key pustakalaya mein ack samvaidhaanik vidwan lui fisher ney sanket diyaah "prashaasan adalat mein kamjor aadhar parr hoga kyonki way usa parr jore dey rahey honge jise nirmaataon ney nishchit roop seey khariz curr diyaa thaah ack poorna veeto."poorna veeto" dwara machuara iss tathya kaa ullekh curr rhaa thaa kii ack bill jise pockett veeto kiya gayaa haye, usake veeto koo override naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. isake bajaay, vidheyak koo congress key donon sadanon mein phir seey pesh kiya jaanaa chaahiye, aur phir seey donon sadanon dwara paarit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, ack aisaa prayaas jise praapt karna bahut mushkil hoe sakata haye.
anta mein, pratinidhiyon key sadan ney veeto koo override karane kaa prayaas naheen kiya. isake bajaay, janwari 2008 mein, ghar ney aich koo prabhaavi dhang seey maar daala.aar. 1585 sashastr seva samiti koo pockett veeto sandesh kaa ullekh karke aur aich key lagbhag samaan ack vidheyak paarit karke.aar. 1585 lekin rashtrapati kii apatti koo puuraa karane key liye thodaa sanshodhit kiya gayaa, joe baad mein kaanoon bunn gayaa.
yeh pahali baar naheen thaa jaba kissy rashtrapati ney apane veeto sandesh koo praapt karane key liye agents kii upasthiti key bavjood ack bill koo veeto karane kaa prayaas kiya hoe. donon george aich. doubleu. busch aur bill clinton ney isi tarah key prayaas kiye, aur abraham linken ney 1864 mein waid-davis bill key khilaf iska istemal kiya.
raajya vidhanmandal.
desh bhar mein, raajya vidhaansabhaaon kii samitiyon mein pockett veeto shaktiyan asamanya naheen hain, joe ack samiti koo ack vidheyak koo "maarne" kii anumati detee haye, kabhi-kabhi saarvajanik vote key binaa bhee; colorado mein, 1988 mein vibhinn sudhaar samoohon dwara sanchaalit ack nagrik pahal samvaidhaanik sanshodhan mein shakti koo vishesh roop seey nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
jaba koee samiti samiti seey baahar kissy vidheyak koo matdan karane seey incar karati haye, tou ack nirvahan yachika koo vyaapak sadasyata dwara paarit kiya jaa sakata haye. vishishtataaen raajya seey raajya mein bhinn hoti hain; udaaharan key liye, 2004 mein, ack report mein paaya gayaa kii newyork raajya kissy bhee anya raajya vidhaayika kii tulanaa mein ack samiti seey ack vidheyak koo nishpaadit karane key prastaav parr adhik pratibandh lagaata haye, jisake kaaran baad mein sudhaar hue.
indiana.
lagbhag ack sadee key pockett veeto key baad, indiana supreme court ney 1969 mein pockett veeto koo asamvaidhaanik karaar diyaa. governor edger whitecomb ney anurodh kiya kii aam sabhaa una sabhi kaanoonon koo nirast karane vaalaa ack adhiniyam paarit karey joe supreme court key faisale key kaaran banaae gaye they, jinamen seey kuchh lagbhag ack sadee puraane they. vidhansabha ney anurodh kaa anupaalan kiya aur ack poorna nirsan paarit kiya.
anya upayog.
kyonki pockett veeto koo override naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, iska upayog kabhi-kabhi una sthitiyon kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye jahaan ack vyakti, yaa ack chhota samooh, binaa kissy parinam key ack bahut badey samooh kii ichcha koo override curr sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, jaba california sarvocch nyayalaya "perry banaam key mamle mein hastakshep key pramaanit prashn kaa uttar dey rhaa thaa. braun (prastaav 8 mamle key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye), nyayadhishon mein seey ack ney chinta vyakt kii kii pahal key prastavakon key liye apeeliya sthiti seey incar karane kaa matlab hoga kii governor aur raajya key attorney general koo anivarya roop seey 'pockett veeto' milega.

