
rashtriya raksha radio pratishthaan

rashtriya raksha radio pratishthaan (, aff. aeye. aar.) ack swedish haye.
raksha mantralaya key tahat aayojit sarkari agency. aff. aar. key dou mukhya kaary signal intelligence (siggint) hain, aur computer suraksha key sambandh mein sarkari adhikaariyon aur raajya key swaamitva vaali companiyon koo samarthan.
aff. aar. koo apane dumm parr kissy bhee nigrani koo shuru karane kii anumati naheen haye, aur yeh vishuddh roop seey sarkaar, sarkari karyalayon, sashastr balon, swedish rashtriya pulis board aur swedish suraksha seva (aiss. aeye. pee. oh.) seey kaary parr sanchaalit hotaa haye. soochana avarodhan key sambandh mein nirnay aur nireekshan raksha khufiya adalat aur raksha khufiya aayog dwara pradaan kiya jaataa haye; gopaniyata kii suraksha key sambandh mein atirikt nireekshan swedish detta sanrakshan pradhikaran dwara pradaan kiya jaataa haye.
itihas.
sweeden mein 1905 seey sanket khufiya maujood haye jaba swedish samanya karmchaariyon aur nausena karmchaariyon key paas kramshah sanket khufiya aur gupt vishleshan key liye vibhaag they. udaaharan key liye, yeye vibhaag russie baltic samudri bede key sifer koo decode karane mein safal rahey. pratham vishva yuddh key baad, yeh kshamata jyaadaatar bund hoe gaee kyonki raajnetaon ney iska moolya naheen dekhaa aur naa hii dhana pradaan kiya. swedish nausena abhee bhee chhote paimaane parr jaari rahee aur kshamata koo aur vikasit kiya. pahali badee safaltaon mein seey ack 1933 mein thee jaba russie ogpu (kgb key poorvavarti) key sifer koo hull kiya gayaa thaa.
1937 mein, swedish raksha karmchaariyon kii sthaapana kii gaee thee aur apane gupt vivaran IV key saath gupt-vishleshan vibhaag, gupt-vishleshan key liye jimmedaar thaa. 1940 mein, jaba germany ney denmark aur norwey parr kabja curr liya, tou german "wehrmatch" ney apane sanchaar key liye swedish telephone network kaa upayog karane kaa anurodh kiya. ise sweekaar curr liya gayaa aur gupt soochana vivaran IV ney turant ise rokna shuru curr diyaa. yatayat lagbhag hamesha german atyaadhunik sifer machine gamefernscreiber dwara encrypt kiya gayaa thaa. maanaa jaataa thaa kii yeh upkaran apani 893,622,318,929,520,960 vibhinn gupt kunji settings key saath aspasht sandesh utpann kartaa haye. dou saptah key ekal haath key kaam key baad, ganit key swedish professor arne berling ney kewal pencil aur kagaj key upayog seey gamefernscreiber key sifer koo decode kiya. iss upalabdhi kaa varnan david kaana ney apani pustak "dha codebreakers" mein kiya haih "sambhavatah dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran kiye gaye gupt vishleshan kii sabse achchi upalabdhi jee-shriber key rahasya kaa arne burling kaa samadhan thaa."dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, lagbhag 296,000 german sandeshon koo roque diyaa gayaa aur 1942 mein swedish sarkaar ney forceverates radioenstalt sthaapit karane kaa nirnay liya.
pahala sthir sangrah sthal stockholm key beach mein sthit thaa, lekin 1940 mein ise upnagariya dweep lidingo mein kaee vilaa mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. sweeden mein aur adhik sthal sthaapit kiye gaye aur 1943 mein, fra ney apana mukhyalaya stockholm seey lagbhag 15 kimmy door lavon mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. 1960 key dashak mein, aff. aar. aeye. mukhyalaya kaa sthaan bhee abhee bhee atyadhik gupt thaa.
ullekhaniya ghatanaaen.
operation stella polaris.
nirantarta yuddh key antim charan mein, jaba soviyat sangh ney finland parr kabja karane kii dhamki dee, tou finish khufiya ney ack nirvaasan sangathan sthaapit karane key liye lagbhag 200 visheshagyon aur unnat khufiya upkaranon koo sweeden mein sthanantarit karane kaa anurodh kiya. sitambar 1944 mein ack chhoti tukadi key karmiyon aur samagriyon kaa sthanantaran, operation stella polaris, kuchh raaton mein kiya gayaa thaa. stella polaris ney sweeden koo yogya samagri aur sanket khufiya adhikaariyon taka pahunch pradaan kii, jinamen seey kuchh koo bhee niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. finland key liye, isake parinamswarup ack gharelu raajneetik mamla huaa aur sarkaar mein communist party key majboot prabhaav key kaaran, shamil kaee tathaakathit "soviyat shatruta" koo jail kii sajaa millie.
catalina mamla.
13 juuna 1952 koo, swedish vayu senaa kaa vimaan tii. pee. 79 "hugin" (dee. see.-3) baltic sagar mein swedish dweep gottland key poorv mein ack sanket khufiya tohi mission key dauran gayab hoe gayaa. swedish sarkaar ney shuru mein daavaa kiya kii udaan kewal ack nauvahan abhyaas thaa, lekin baad mein sweekaar kiya kii havaai jahaaj mein yuu thaa.aiss. electronic nigrani upkaran aur aff. aeye. onn board key paanch visheshagya. teen dinn baad, ack soviyat mig-15 ladaakoo dwara tii. pee. 47 (catalina) prakaar key swedish vayu senaa key khoj aur bachaav vimaan koo maar giraaya gayaa, lekin chaalak dall koo paas key paschimi german malvahak jahaaj dwara bachaaya gayaa. soviyat sangh ney dee. see.-3 key gayab honey mein kissy bhee tarah kii sanliptata seey incar kiya, iss tathya key bavjood kii mig-15 golaa-barud seey chharre key saath khoj key dauran havaai jahaaj seey ack bedaa milaa thaa. 1956 mein, soviyat netaa nikita khrushchev ney swedish pradhaan mantri tegg erlander key saamane sweekaar kiya kii soviyat sangh vaastav mein vimaan koo maar giraane key liye jimmedaar thaa, lekin ise saarvajanik naheen kiya gayaa thaa, yahaan taka kii chaalak dall key sadasyon key rishtedaron key liye bhee naheen. roose ney aadhikarik taur parr 1991 mein golibari koo sweekaar kiya. 2003 mein, goli seey giraaye gaye dee. see.-3 kaa malba gottland seey lagbhag 55 kimmy poorv mein paaya gayaa thaa. vimaan key dhad mein chaalak dall key kaee sadasyon key avashesh paae gaye aur vimaan koo hue nuksan seey pataa chalaa kii vaastav mein ise soviyat mig-15 ladaakoo dwara goli maar dee gaee thee.
sangathanaatmak sanrachana.
aff. aar. aeye. kii parichaalan gatividhi koo chaar vibhagon mein vyavasthit kiya gayaa haih signal intelligence service (), internet sanchaalan vibhaag (), aantarik sahaayata sevaaon key liye vibhaag () aur takniki vikas aur anya takniki sahaayata vibhaag (). isake alawa ack kamaan karmchari aur kaee visheshagya kaary bhee hain joe seedhe mahanideshak koo report karate hain.
suvidhaaen aur upkaran.
mukhya mukhyalaya stockholm county mein lavan dweep parr sthit haye. sarkaar ney 2014 key vittiya varsh key vaarshik bajat mein aff. aar. key liye kull 860 million rupaye aavantit kiye; "adhik takniki laagat aur videshon mein parivartan" key kaaran pichhale varsh kii tulanaa mein 38 million key saath kharch mein vriddhi hui. aff. aar. key anusaar, 2009 mein karmchaariyon kii sankhya "700 seey kuchh cumm" thee.
swedish kshetra mein nishchit sthalon seey, siggint jahaaj seey, swedish nausena dwara sanchaalit aur jald hii ack anya jahaaj dwara pratisthaapit kiye jaane vaale sanketon kaa avarodhan kiya jaataa haye, aur swedish vayu senaa dwara sanchaalit dou gulfstream IV vimaanon seey kiya jaataa haye.
ganana.
sheersh 500 aff. aeye. koo navambar 2007 kii soochi mein duniya key paanchven sabse tej super computer key malik honey kaa shreya diyaa gayaa. mahanideshak key cheef off staff key anusaar, computer kaa upayog "cryptography aur soochana suraksha" key liye kiya jaa rhaa haye."navambar 2013 taka, super computer soochi seey baahar hoe gayaa thaa.
kanuni dhancha.
kaanoon mein badalaav.
aff. aar. kaa radio sanketon koo rokane kaa ack lamba itihas rhaa haye, kyonki 1942 seey sweeden mein siggint kaa utpaadan aur prabandhan karane vaali mukhya khufiya agency key roop mein. haalaanki, 2009 taka aff. aar. wireless phone aur internet sanketon sahit wireless sanchaar khufiya (commint) taka seemit thaa, kuchh aisaa joe kaafee hudd taka aniyamit bhee reh gayaa thaa. jaise-jaise sanchaar kii badhati matra radio seey cable mein sthanantarit hoe rahee haye, cable sanchaar seey jaankaari ekatra karane key liye aff. aeye. aar. koo saksham karane key sawal koo 2003 mein general oway victorin key netritva mein sarkaar dwara niyukt jaanch samiti mein goran person key mantrimandal dwara sambodhit kiya gayaa thaa, jisake parinamswarup ack report mein kaanoon mein badalaav kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa (suu 2003:30). julaai 2005 mein, raksha mantri lenny beaurklund ney prastaavit kaanoon parivartanon key saath ack gyaapan (dee. aiss. 2005:30) prakaashit kiya, jise baad mein fredrick reinfelt key mantrimandal aur raksha mantri, michael odenberg koo paarit curr diyaa gayaa.
kaanoon mein badalaav seey pahale, aff. aar. koo viniyamit karane vaalaa mukhya kaanoon raksha khufiya adhiniyam (aiss. aff. aiss. 2000:130) thaa; aur 1993 key dursanchar adhiniyam (aiss. aff. aiss. 1993:597) key anusaar sweeden mein dursanchar network sanchaalit karane vaali sabhi companiyon koo gopaniyata key tahat sarkari cummint mein sahaayata karane kii aavashyakta thee. europeeya sangh key nirdeshon mein parivartan key parinamswarup iss adhiniyam koo 2003 mein electronic sanchaar adhiniyam (aiss. aff. aiss. 2003:389) dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
fra-low.
nayaa vidheyak (pro. 2006/07:63), jise aam taur parr "fra kaanoon" () key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, ney raksha khufiya adhiniyam, electronic sanchaar adhiniyam, 1980 key gopaniyata adhiniyam (sfs 1980:100) mein prastaavit parivartan aur siggint koo viniyamit karane vaale ack nae kaanoon key nirmaan kaa prastaav rakhaa. mool prastaav key anusaar, inn parivartanon ney aff. aar. koo adalat key adesh key binaa swedish seema seey gujarane vaale wireless aur cable baadhya sanketon donon kii nigrani karane kii anumati dee hogi, saath hii vyaktiyon kii gopaniyata kii raksha key liye design kiye gaye kaee praavdhaan bhee pesh kiye honge. kaanoon key samarthakon ney internet nigrani koo viniyamit karane aur rashtriya suraksha key liye khatron jaise aatankvaad aur gambhir antarrashtriya aparaadh kaa adhik prabhaavi dhang seey mukabala karane key liye nae dishanirdesh aur ack aadhunik kanuni dhancha dene kii aavashyakta parr tark diyaa; jabaki kaanoon key virodhiyon ney daavaa kiya kii isane badey paimaane parr nigrani koo saksham kiya aur gopaniyata adhikaaron kaa ullanghan kiya. saarvajanik virodh key beach garamagaram bahas key baad 18 juuna 2008 koo ricksdag ney vidheyak paarit kiya aur yeh 1 janwari 2009 koo prabhaavi huaa.
bahut doorgaami honey key liye aalochana kii gaee, sansadiya prakriya key dauran uthaai gaee gopaniyata kii chintaon koo door karane key prayaas mein, sarkaar ney isake turant baad kaanoon mein sanshodhan (prope. 2008/09:201), adalat key aadeshon koo ack aavashyakta banaakar gopaniyata kii suraksha koo majboot karane key liye, aur khufiya jaankaari ekatra karane parr kaee seemaaen lagu karna. sanshodhan ney 14 octuber 2009 koo ricksdag koo paarit kiya aur 1 disambar 2009 (aiss. aff. aiss. 2008:717) koo prabhaavi huaa.
vartamaan kanuni dhancha.
kaanoon (aiss. aff. aiss. 2008:717) key anusaar, siggint koo kewal mulyankan karane key liye anumati dee gaee haih
aff. aar. koo apane dumm parr kissy bhee nigrani koo shuru karane kii anumati naheen haye, aur kewal raksha khufiya adalat dwara taya kiye gaye sanchaar lines taka pahunch praapt hoti haye. sanchaar seva pradaataon koo kanuni roop seey, gopaniyata key tahat, swedish seemaon koo paar karate hue cable sanchaar koo vishisht "baatchit binduon" parr sthanantarit karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jahaan adalat key adesh key baad detta taka pahuncha jaa sakata haye. kaanoon seey prabhaavit companiyon kii sankhya "seemit (lagbhag duss)" honey kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa. kaanoon sanketon koo rokkar khufiya jaankaari ekatra karane kii anumati naheen detaa haye, jahaan preshak aur praaptakarta donon sweeden mein sthit hain, kewal sanket sweeden kii seemaon koo paar karate hain.
shuru mein, kewal sarkaar, sarkari karyalaya aur swedish sashastr bull hii fra kii siggint kshamataon kaa upayog curr sakate they. lekin swedish suraksha seva (aiss. aeye. pee. oh.) kii aalochana key baad, swedish rashtriya pulis board aur aiss. aeye. pee. oh. koo anyatha aparivartit niyamon key tahat aff. aar. kaa upayog karane kii anumati dene key liye ack badalaav kiya gayaa. bill (prope. 2011/12:179) 28 navambar 2012 koo soshal democratic party kii madad seey ricksdag mein paarit huaa, aur 1 janwari 2013 koo lagu huaa.
detta pratidhaaran.
koee bhee vyaktigat detta jise rakhaa gayaa hoe, usey 12 maheene seey adhik samay taka sangraheet naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, joe detta pratidhaaran nirdesh dwara anumat adhikatam seey ack varsh cumm haye. 2008 mein, kaanoon mein badalaav seey pahale, ack anaam srot key khaate key aadhar parr aiss. vee. tii. kii ack samachar report mein aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa kii aff. aar. bahut lambe samay seey vyaktigat jaankaari sangraheet curr rhaa thaa; jisake kaaran ack niji nagrik ney pulis mein shikayat darj karaai. antatah, ack abhiyojak ney poorna paimaane parr jaanch shuru naheen kii, kyonki usa samay ise avaidh naheen maanaa gayaa thaa.
nireekshan.
aff. aar. kaee baahari sarkari agencies dwara niyamit sameeksha key adheen haye.
raksha khufiya adalat.
sabhi siggint koo raksha khufiya adalat (sweedishah "" ") dwara adhikrit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, joe kii kista mein sthit ack vishesh adalat haye, joe aff. aar. seey swatantra haye aur sarkaar dwara niyukt kii jaati haye. isamen ack adhyaksh hotaa haye, jisaki sahaayata ack yaa dou upaadhyaksh karate hain, aur adalat key dou-chhah vishesh sadasya hotey hain, joe chaar saal taka pada dhaaran karate hain. nyayalaya kaa koram ack adhyaksh aur dou vishesh sadasya hotey hain, aur pratyek mamle kaa mulyankan aur vyaktigat roop seey anumodan kiya jaataa haye. adalat key ack vishesh lokpal koo vyaktiyon key gopaniyata adhikaaron kii nigrani aur bahas karane kaa kaam bhee saunpa jaataa haye. adalat key faisalon key khilaf appeal naheen kii jaa sakati haye, kuchh aisaa joe aanshik roop seey soochana samvedansheelta aur iss tathya seey prerit haye kii buniyaadi dhaanche aur dastavejon key vishesh gyaan aur bhautik suraksha kii aavashyakta haye. kanuni visheshagyon kii ack sarkari agency ney sanshodhan (prope) kii sameeksha kii. 2008/09:201) 2009 mein, aur koee apatti vyakt naheen keeh
2009 seey adalat kaa netritva poorv jilaa adalat key adhyaksh leftinent curnell runner wixton curr rahey hain.
raksha khufiya aayog.
raksha khufiya aayog (sweedishah "statance inspection forr forceversenderatelsaverks", siyun) prabandhan pradhikaran haye jise aff. aar. kii nigrani karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa haye, yeh sunishchit karate hue kii yeh raksha khufiya adalat dwara jaari adalati aadeshon kaa paalan kartaa haye, aur yeh kii aff. aar. koo niyantrit karane vaale sabhi kaanoonon aur viniyamon kaa paalan kiya jaataa haye, jisamen gopaniyata kaanoon bhee shamil hain. siyun sabhi sanketon parr kabja praapt kartaa haye, aur way kewal adalat kii anumati seey aff. aar. koo upalabdh karaae jaate hain. isake alawa, aayog taba jaanch shuru karane key liye baadhya haye jaba bhee kissy koo sandeh hoe kii way anadhikrit siggint key nishaane parr hain. aayog koo nyayalaya dwara kiye gaye nirnayon kii sameeksha karane kaa kaary yaa adhikaar naheen haye.
swedish detta sanrakshan pradhikaran.
swedish detta sanrakshan pradhikaran ack saarvajanik pradhikaran haye, joe nyaay mantralaya key tahat aayojit kiya jaataa haye, jise vyakti kii gopaniyata kii raksha karane kaa kaam saunpa jaataa haye. iss prakaar, yeh vyaktigat detta koo sansaadhit karane key tareeke parr aff. aar. kaa lekha-pareekshan kartaa haye. disambar 2010 mein, dou saal key lambe audit key baad, board key netritva mein ack vishesh mission ney nishkarsh nikala kii isake sanchaalan lagu kaanoon kii seema key bheetar hain.
antarrashtriya sahyog.
yeh kaanoon anya raajyon mein detta key hastaantaran kii anumati detaa haye, yadi sarkaar dwara adhikrit kiya jaataa haye, tou khufiya jaankaari key adaan-pradaan koo saksham banaata haye. badale mein, sweeden rashtriya hita key liye mahatvapurna jaankaari praapt curr sakata thaa, kuchh aisaa joe frangver ekesan key mahanideshak aur videsh mamalon key mantri carle billed donon ney 2008 mein kaanoon parr bahas key samay jore diyaa thaa.
2013 mein, edward snoden dwara media koo pradaan kiye gaye dastaavezon seey iss baat kii pushti hoti haye kii sweeden ney videshi khufiya agencies key saath khufiya jaankaari saajha kii thee, jisase pataa chalata haye kii sweeden ney nsa koo "uchch prathamikta vaale russie lakshyon jaise netritva, aantarik rajneeti aur oorjaa parr ack anootha sangrah" pradaan kiya thaa."jawab mein, raksha mantri currin enstrom koo yeh kahate hue uddhrit kiya gayaa kii anya deshon key saath sweeden kaa khufiya adaan-pradaan" "hamari suraksha key liye mahatvapurna" "haye aur" "khufiya abhiyaan spasht kaanoon, sakht niyantran aur sansadiya nigrani key saath ack dhaanche key bheetar hotey hain."aff. aar. mein sanchaar key pramukh annie bolenius ney reuters seey kahaah" "hamara samanya roop seey kaee deshon key saath antarrashtriya sahyog haye, joe swedish kaanoon mein samarthit haye, lekin humm iss parr tippani naheen karate hain kii humm kisake saath sahyog karate hain.
saamoohik nigrani.
aff. aar. koo isake kaanoon mein badalaav key baad seey chunauti dee gaee haye, mukhya roop seey janata kii dhaarana key kaaran kii parivartan badey paimaane parr nigrani koo saksham karega. iss aarop kaa vipaksh spasht roop seey khandan kartaa haye. aff. aeye. mein sanchaar pramukh annie bolenius kaa maanana haye kii badey paimaane parr nigrani kii saarvajanik dhaarana galat haye, yeh kahate hueh "aisaa naheen haye kii humm khud yatayat koo chaalu curr sakate hain. hamein kaaran dikhaana hoga aur pradhikaran kii maang karni hogi."
soshal democratic party ney shuru mein kaanoon mein badalaav key liye apana virodh vyakt kiya, lekin taba seey unhone apane vichaar badal diye hain. 2013 mein, unhone kaanoon key vistaar key liye samarthan pradaan kiya, jisamen sappo aur swedish rashtriya pulis board bhee shamil they. yeh parivartan kaanoon mein sanshodhan key baad aaya haye, jisamen raksha khufiya adalat kii sthaapana aur ack sankeern daira haye, jisase ise raksha khufiya parr adhik jore diyaa gayaa haye. adalat pratyek mamle kii vyaktigat aadhar parr sunavaai bhee karati haye, raksha mantri stein tolfers key havaale seey kahaa gayaa haye, "badey paimaane parr nigrani parr bahas koo amaanya curr denaa chaahiye."
yeh bhee dekhein.
anya deshon mein samaan sarkari agencies
baahari link.
[[shrenihswiden kii raksha agencies]]
[[shrenihswiden kii sarkari agencies.raksha radio pratishthaan]]
[[vargah cryptography sangathan]]
[[vargahsoochana khufiya agencies]]
[[shrenihsainya khufiya agencies]]
[[shrenihswiden kii senaa]]
[[shrenihswedis khufiya agencies]]
[[shrenihswedan mein 1942 pratishthaan]]
[[shrenih1942 mein sthaapit sarkari agencies]]
[[vargah 2008 mein kaanoon]]
[[vargah 2009 mein kaanoon]]
[[shrenihswiden kii rajneeti]]
[[shrenihtantvaad kaanoon]]
[[vargahsviden kaa kaanoon]]
[[vargah vyaapak nigrani]]

