
paschimi australia mein lauh ayask khanan

paschimi australia mein lauh ayask khanan, vittiya varsh mein, raajya key sansaadhan utpaadan key kull moolya kaa 54 pratishat thaa, jiska moolya 78.2 arab dollar thaa. paschimi australia mein khanij aur petroleum udyog kaa samagr moolya 2018-19 mein $145 billion thaa, joe pichhale vittiya varsh kii tulanaa mein 26 pratishat adhik thaa.
paschimi australia kaa lauh ayask utpaadan 2020-21 key liye 838.7 million tunn thaa, joe 2017-18 key baad doosara sabse badaa aankada thaa. paschimi australiyai ayask kaa badaa hissa chean mein gayaa, jisane 2021 key utpaadan kaa 82 pratishat ayaat kiya, isake baad japan aur dakshin koria, pratyek 6 pratishat key saath. raajya mein duniya key lauh ayask kaa 29 pratishat key saath duniya kaa sabse badaa lauh ayask bhandar haye, isake baad brazil mein 19 pratishat, roose mein 15 pratishat aur chean mein 12 pratishat key saath haye.
paschimi australiyai sarkaar koo raajya mein lauh ayask khanan udyog seey 9.8 arab dollar kii royalty millie.
itihas.
jabaki pilbara lauh ayask key bhandar koo jaanaa jaataa thaa, jaise kii 1957 mein stann hilditch dwara khoje gaye mount whellback deposit, yeh 1960 taka naheen thaa, jaba australiyai sarkaar ney lauh ayask key niryaat parr pratibandh hataa diyaa thaa, kyonki khanij kii aapoorti cumm thee, aur khanan gambhirta seey shuru huaa thaa. 1960 key dashak key madhya taka, paschimi australia aur poore australia mein lauh ayask kaa utpaadan ack varsh mein 10 million tunn seey bhee cumm kii seema mein naa key barabar thaa. 1970 key dashak key madhya taka, yeh aankada 10 karod tunn taka pahunch gayaa thaa, jisamen seey adhikansh paschimi australia seey aaya thaa. 1980 key dashak mein utpaadan mein thodi girawat aaee lekin 1990 key dashak mein isamen sudhaar huaa, joe 1997 taka desh key liye 15 karod tunn aur 2003 taka 20 karod tunn taka pahunch gayaa.
pilbara mein pahali khadaan, goldsworty khadaan, 1965 mein mount goldsworty khanan sahyogiyon dwara vikasit kii gaee thee, joe british swaamitva vaale samekit goldfields (aust) ptvy limitted, loss angils key cyprus mines corporation aur saine francisco kii yoota nirmaan aur khanan company key beach ack sanyukt udyam thaa. ack niji railway line, goldsworty railway, saath hii finuken dweep, port headland mein bandargah suvidhaon kaa bhee nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. 1 juuna 1966 koo, pilbara seey lauh ayask kaa pahala maal "harvey" mein chhod diyaa gayaa. mudd ".
bee. aich. pee. kaa neuman mein sanchaalan 1968 mein huaa thaa, jaba mount whellback khadaan kholi gaee thee, joe duniya kii sabse badee ekal khuli-pitt lauh ayask khadaan thee. ack nae shahar, mount neuman, kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, saath hii 426 kilometres lambi railway line, mount neuman railway kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. pahali train 1 janwari 1969 koo mount neuman seey ravaana hui aur neuman ayask kaa pahala shipment 1 aprail 1969 koo "osumi maaroo" key board parr bandargah seey ravaana huaa. neuman 1981 taka ack "bund" company shahar banaa rhaa.
pilbara mein riyo tinto kaa lauh ayask sanchaalan 1966 mein shuru huaa, usa varsh mount tomm price khadaan kholi gaee, joe pilbara mein khulane vaali company kii pahali khadaan bunn gaee.
avalokan.
anveshan.
2008-09 mein, paschimi australia mein lauh ayask mein anveshan key liye kharch pichhale vittiya varsh kii tulanaa mein 33 pratishat badh gayaa, 2007-08. lauh ayask anveshan parr $560 million kaa kharch raajya mein sabhi khanij anveshan vyay kaa 45 pratishat thaa.
utpaadan.
paschimi australia mein lauh ayask utpaadan kaa badaa hissa raajya key pilbara kshetra seey aataa haye. halanki kaee khadaanen madhya paschim aur kimberley kshetron key saath-saath wheatbelt mein bhee sthit hain.
badey dou utpaadak, riyo tinto aur bee. aich. pee. ney raajya mein sabhi lauh ayask utpaadan kaa 90 pratishat hissa liya, jisamen teesara sabse badaa utpaadak fortesque dhaatu samooh thaa.
riyo tinto paschimi australia mein baarah lauh ayask khadanon kaa sanchaalan kartaa haye, bhp saat, kille dou, way sabhi pilbara kshetra mein sthit hain.
railway.
pilbara kshetra.
teen sabse badey lauh ayask utpaadak apani khadanon seey tata parr bandargaahon taka ayask parivahan key liye niji rail network kaa sanchaalan karate hain.
bee. aich. pee. goldsworty railway aur mount neuman railway kaa sanchaalan kartaa haye, donon port headland parr samaapt hotey hain.
riyo tinto hammersley aur robe nadee railway kaa sanchaalan kartaa haye, joe 2001 mein hammersley aur robe nadee railway key vilay mein banaa thaa. donon rekhaaen cape lambert aur dampier parr samaapt hoti hain.
aff. aim. jee. key kille kaa railway, ack saapeksh navagantuk, ney 2008 mein sanchaalan shuru kiya. line port headland parr samaapt hoti haye. apani khud kii line kaa nirmaan karane kaa nirnay lene seey pahale, australia kii rashtriya pratiyogita parishad koo 15 juuna 2004 koo aff. aim. jee. seey mount neuman railway key hisse aur goldsworty railway key hisse kaa upayog karane key liye ack aavedan praapt huaa.
juuna 2010 mein, australiyai pratispardha nyayadhikaran ney faisala sunaaya kii fmg koo riyo tinto kii robe nadee line aur bhp billiton kii goldsworty line taka pahunch dee jaayegi, lekin bussier hammersley aur mount neuman lines taka naheen. khajanchi wein swan ney sujhaav diyaa kii teesare paksh dwara rail lines taka pahunch seey kaee laabh honge. yeh pratispardha koo badhaayega, buniyaadi dhaanche key dohrao koo cumm karega aur paryavaraniya kshati koo cumm karega. ack anya kanishth lauh ayask khanik atlus iron koo bhavishya mein company key kuchh rail buniyaadi dhaanche, goldsworty railway kaa upayog karane key sambandh mein bee. aich. pee. billiton key saath samjhauta karane kii ummeed haye. 2010 key anta mein bee. aich. pee. ney ack sanyukt vyavaharyata adhyayan parr sahamati vyakt kii thee kii ack vyavastha kaise kaam curr sakati haye.
teesare paksh dwara rail network taka pahunch raajya samjhaute adhiniyam dwara shaasit hoti haye.
paschimi kshetra.
anya khadaanen raajya sarkaar key swaamitva vaale railway kaa upayog karke bandargah seey judati hain. udaaharan hain windarling renz aur coolinobing-coolinobing seey laker asparence key bandargah taka; morawa mein raajya network seey jodane vaali 60 kimmy kii spur line kaa upayog karate hue kulinoka aur mungda; aur aim. tii. gibson truck perenjori mein ayask loading siding key liye.
bandargah.
pilbara mein, lauh ayask koo port headland, dempier aur cape lambert seey bheja jaataa haye. baad key dou bandargaahon kaa upayog vishesh roop seey riyo tinto dwara kiya jaataa haye, jabaki port headland kaa upayog bhp, fmg aur atlus iron dwara kiya jaataa haye.
port headland mein bandargah suvidhaon mein nelson point aur finuken dweep, donon bee. aich. pee. aur jadee-bootiyon key elliot bandargah shamil hain, jinka upayog aff. aim. jee. dwara kiya jaataa haye. aardrata mein, ayask koo parker bindu aur purvi sambhog dweep seey bheja jaataa haye.
gair-pilbara khadaanen apane ayask koo anya bandargaahon seey baahar bhejati hainh asparence key bandargah seey winderling renz jahaaj; jack hills, kulnuka, mungada aur aim. tii. gibson khadaanen geraldton seey jahaaj.
pariyojanaaen.
bee. aich. pee. vartamaan mein apani "teevra vikas pariyojana 4" parr $1.85 billion kharch curr rhaa haye, jiska uddeshya apane vaarshik lauh ayask utpaadan koo 15.5 karod tunn taka badhaana haye. ise praapt karane key liye, khaanon aur bandargah suvidhaon donon mein unnayan aavashyak haye. iss pariyojana koo 2010 taka puuraa karane key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa haye. ack anuvarti key roop mein, 4.8 arab dollar key bajat key saath, "teji seey vikas pariyojana 5", salana 5 karod tunn kii utpaadan vriddhi kaa lakshya rakhta haye. khaanon aur bandargaahon mein unnayan key alawa, isamen maujooda railway lines kaa dohrao bhee shamil hoga aur 2011 key anta mein puuraa honey vaalaa haye. zimbalbar khadaan ack anya vistaar pariyojana kaa hissa haye, jise 2010 mein shuru kiya gayaa thaa aur iska uddeshya 2013 taka pilbara khadanon seey salana 240 million tunn lauh ayask kaa utpaadan badhaana haye. zimbalbar key vistaar key saath-saath bandargah headland mein aantarik bandargah key vistaar aur rail patariyon key dohrao parr kaam karane mein anumaanit laagat $1 2.15billion haye. iss pariyojana kaa sheershak "rapid groth project 6" haye.
riyo tinto ney apani naee aashaa down 4 pariyojana parr $1.78 billion kharch karate hue, khadaan kaa vistaar karane key apane iraade kii ghoshana kii, joe 2013 taka salana 15 million tunn lauh ayask kaa utpaadan karane key liye nirdhaarit haye. riyo ney apani naee paschimi turner sinkline pariyojana parr nirmaan shuru curr diyaa haye. riyo tinto ney disambar 2010 kii shuruat mein brokman 4 khadaan kaa 22 seey 40 million tunn prati varsh taka vistaar karane key liye 1.24 arab dollar kaa aur aavantan kiya, saath hii saath apani paschimi turner sinkline pariyojana koo vikasit kiya, jisamen yojnabaddh utpaadan koo 6 seey badhaakar 15 million tunn kiya gayaa, jiska uddeshya 2013 key anta taka pilbara utpaadan koo 283 million tunn prati varsh taka badhaana thaa. vistaar seey pilbara mein brokman 4 riyo tinto kii doosari sabse badee khadaan bunn jaayegi. company ney cape lambert mein bandargah parr aage kaa nirmaan bhee shuru curr diyaa haye, jise 2012 taka puuraa karane key liye ack aur vistaar seey gujarna haye. nae vistaar parr 27.6 karod dollar kii laagat aaney vaali haye. yeh vistaar 2016 taka pilbara seey riyo key vaarshik utpaadan koo 220 million tunn seey badhaakar 330 million tunn karane kii yojana kaa hissa haye. ise praapt karane key liye, cape lambert bandargah kshamata kaa vistaar salana atirikt 100 million tunn koo sambhaalane key liye kiya jaayega.
kille kii dhaatu samooh kii cloud break khadaan key 220 million americi dollar key unnayan key madhyam seey utpaadan koo 39 million tunn seey badhaakar 55 million tunn karane kii yojanaon koo octuber 2009 mein apane cheeni niveshakon key madhyam seey dhana kii kathinaaiyon key kaaran chhodana padaa. isake bajaay, fortsque ney apani chrismus creak khadaan koo vikasit karane kaa faisala kiya, jisaki laagat 36 karod dollar thee, vahaan ack khadaan aur prakriya sanyantra kaa nirmaan karke aur ise apane maujooda rail network seey jodkar. chrismus creak apane sanchaalan key pahale varsh mein 16 million tunn lauh ayask kaa utpaadan karane key liye nirdhaarit haye. kille kii yojana 2012 taka 95 million tunn lauh ayask key vaarshik utpaadan taka pahunchane kii haye, joe pahale key 120 million key lakshya seey cumm haye.
cape preston mein, cytic paisifik khanan vartamaan mein, 2010 taka, prati varsh 27.6 million tunn magnetite lauh ayask khadaan key nirmaan kii prakriya mein haye, jise sino iron project naam diyaa gayaa haye.
niryaat karein.
chean, 2008-09 mein, paschimi australiyai lauh ayask kaa mukhya ayatak thaa, jisane 64 pratishat yaa 21 arab dollar kaa moolya liya thaa. japan 21 pratishat key saath doosara sabse mahatvapurna bajar thaa, usake baad 10 pratishat key saath dakshin koria aur 3 key saath taiwan thaa. tulanaa mein, europe raajya seey ayask key liye ack chhota bajar haye, jisane kull utpaadan kaa kewal ack pratishat liya haye.
aalochana.
paschimi australia mein lauh ayask khanan mein 2000 key dashak kii shuruat seey aaee teji koo vishesh roop seey sakaratmak naheen dekhaa gayaa haye. pilbara kshetra mein samudaayon ney aavaasiya aur fly-inn fly-out shramikon kii ack badee aamad dekhi haye, jisane bhoomi kii kimaton koo aasmaan chhoote hue dekhaa haye aur paryatan koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit kiya haye kyonki awas viral hoe gayaa haye.
adiwasi samudaay.
iss kshetra mein australiyai adiwasi sanskriti bhoomi aur paani seey gaharaai seey judee hui haye aur khanan gatividhiyon seey pilbara key najuk registani vatavaran koo khatra haye. pilbara mein sthaaniya logon kaa tark haye kii sthaaniya khanan udyog dwara utpann dhana unhein gujar rhaa haye aur way peechhe reh gaye hain. awas kii kamee aur "dhool bharee baahari" mein sthanantarit honey kii apraakritik prakriti key parinamswarup fly-inn fly-out shramikon kaa ack bahumat kaary bull paida huaa, joe sthaaniya shaharon koo uchch aaya vaali sthaayi aabaadi key laabhon seey vanchit curr rhaa thaa.
australia mein khanan companiyon ney 1992 seey sthaaniya adiwasi aabaadi key prati apana ravaiya badal diyaa haye. 1992 mein, australiyai sarkaar ney swadeshi australiyai logon key bhoomi adhikaaron koo maanyata denaa shuru curr diyaa, jisase khanan companiyon key saath baatchit mein shamil honey kaa avsar milaa taaki way muaavaje key liye aur saanskritik kalakritiyon key sanrakshan mein sahaayata key liye dabaav banaa sakein. halanki, kuchh adiwasi khanan seey hue bhaari munafe koo dekhate hue cumm badalaav mahsoos karate hain, aur vittiya laabhon aur rojgar key avsaron koo apane awas key vinash key liye aparyaapt muaavaje key roop mein bhee maanate hain.
adiwasi khanan companiyan badee antarrashtriya khanan companiyon key saath anubandh karane mein saksham rahee hain. 2007 mein, bee. aich. pee. billiton ney yaari khadaan kaa prabandhan karane key liye ack adiwasi swaamitva vaali company, nagarda sivil aind mining koo 300 million dollar kaa anubandh diyaa, joe ack adiwasi company koo diyaa gayaa abb taka kaa sabse badaa khanan anubandh haye. paanch saal key anubandh key hisse key roop mein, bee. aich. pee. billiton ney khadaan mein kull 90 shramikon mein seey adiwasi shramikon kii sankhya badhaakar 70 karane kii yojana banaai. nagarda key prabandh nideshak, bryan teller ney iss anubandh koo ack sakaratmak kadam key roop mein dekhaa, jisase kshetra mein adiwasi loga sarkari kalyan seey door aur sthaayi rojgar mein chaley gaye. 2007 mein paschimi australiyai adivasiyon koo raajya mein 14 pratishat kii berojgari darr kaa saamana karna padaa, jabaki samanya aabaadi key liye yeh darr 3.3 pratishat thee. 2010 mein bee. aich. pee. billiton dwara apane pilbara sanchaalan mein niyojit 12,000 logon mein seey 700 swadeshi they. riyo tinto bhee, 2010 taka, apane pilbara sanchaalan mein 700 swadeshi shramikon koo rojgar detaa haye, jisamen isake samagr kaary bull kaa 6 pratishat shamil haye. andru forrest key netritva mein fmg ack rashtriya karyakram chalaa rhaa haye jiska uddeshya australia mein swadeshi shramikon key liye 50,000 naukariyan khojana haye. bee. aich. pee., aff. aim. jee. aur riyo tinto jaisi companiyon key karyakram hain jinka uddeshya apane sanchaalan mein adiwasi karmchaariyon kii sankhya badhaana haye. 2001 mein paschimi australia mein swadeshi australiyai aabaadi kaa 3.1% hissa thaa.
haalaanki companiyon mein adiwasi sanskriti kii samajh kii kamee haye, jisake liye yuvaaon koo unaki sanskriti key baare mein shikaar karane aur jaanane key liye chhah saptah taka jhaadiyon mein bheja jaanaa aavashyak haye. companiyan aksar inn mahatvapurna paramparaon koo puuraa karane mein saksham honey key liye apane swadeshi karmchaariyon koo iss baar puraskar dene key liye taiyar naheen hoti hain.
suraksha.
1960 key dashak key anta seey, jaba khaan vibhaag ney vastuon key aadhar parr mrityu darr koo vargeekrit karna shuru kiya, 2010 taka, paschimi australia mein lauh ayask khanan udyog mein 86 kaary-sambandhi mrityu hui hain.
sakriya khadanon kii soochi.
khaan, udyog viniyaman aur suraksha vibhaag key anusaar, yeh paschimi australia mein pramukh sakriya lauh ayask khadanon kii soochi haye. vibhaag kii pramukh khanan pariyojanaon kii aadhikarik soochi key liye arhata praapt karane key liye ack sanchaalan mein yaa tou 5 million dollar seey adhik moolya kii khanij bikri honey chaahiye, yaa, una sanchalanon key liye jahaan aise aankade darj naheen kiye gaye hain, nyuntam 50 karmchari honey chaahieh
nishkriya aur samaapt khadanon kii soochi.
yeh paschimi australia mein poorv lauh ayask khadanon kii soochi haih
aankade.
paschimi australiyai lauh ayask khanan udyog key liye vaarshik aankadeh

