
sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya mein namankan kii soochi

sanyukt raajya america kaa sarvocch nyayalaya sanyukt raajya america mein sarvocch shreni kaa nyaayik nikaay haye. samvidhaan key anuchhed III dwara sthaapit, adalat koo 1789 key nyaypalika adhiniyam key madhyam seey pahali sanyukt raajya congress dwara aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jisane apane mool aur apeeliya kshetradhikar koo nirdisht kiya, 13 nyaayik jile banaae, aur sarvocch nyayalaya kaa aakar chhah parr nirdhaarit kiya, jisamen ack mukhya nyayadhish aur paanch sahayogi nyayadhish they. 19veen shatabdi key dauran, congress ney saat avsaron parr adalat key aakar koo badal diyaa, 1869 key nyaypalika adhiniyam key saath samaapan kiya, jisamen kahaa gayaa haye kii adalat mein mukhya nyayadhish aur aathh sahayogi nyayadhish hotey hain.
samvidhaan kaa anuchhed II, dhaara 2, khand 2 sanyukt raajya key rashtrapati koo naamit karane kii poorna shakti pradaan kartaa haye, aur sanyukt raajya senate kii salah aur sahamati (pushti) key saath, sarvocch nyayalaya mein nyayadhishon kii niyukti kartaa haye. sarvocch nyayalaya mein namankan koo aadhikarik maanaa jaataa haye jaba senate koo rashtrapati seey naamit ummidwar key naam parr hastaaksharit namankan patra praapt hotaa haye, jise phir senate key record mein darj kiya jaataa haye. 1789 seey, sarvocch nyayalaya mein 165 aupchaarik namankan (146 vyaktiyon key) hue hain; unamen seey 128 (123 vyaktiyon) kii pushti kii gaee haye. sabse halia namankan kii pushti 2022 mein ketanji braun jackson key liye kii gaee thee. 37 mein seey joe asafal rahey, 11 ummidvaaron koo senate roll-coll maton mein khariz curr diyaa gayaa, 12 koo rashtrapati dwara vaapas leey liya gayaa, aur 14 koo congress key satra key anta mein samaapt curr diyaa gayaa. inmein seey chhah asafal ummidvaaron koo baad mein naamit kiya gayaa aur adalat mein anya seeton parr unaki pushti kii gaee. isake alawa, halanki pushti hui, saat namiton ney yaa tou karyalaya seey incar curr diyaa yaa (ack udaaharan mein) pada grahan karane seey pahale hii unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
iss prakriya mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika senate nyaypalika samiti dwara nibhai jaati haye, joe senate dwara namankan parr vichaar karane seey pahale ack naamit vyakti kii prishthabhoomi aur yogyata kaa vyaapak mulyankan karati haye. ack baar adalat mein ack seat key liye pushti honey parr, nyayadhishon kaa karyakal jeevan bhar hotaa haye, aur isaliye way taba taka seva karate hain jaba taka kii way karyalaya mein marr naheen jaate, istifa naheen dete yaa sevaanivritt naheen hoe jaate, yaa mahaabhiyog chalaaya jaataa haye aur karyalaya seey hataa diyaa jaataa haye. phir bhee, kyonki isake liye ack alag rashtrapati niyukti kii aavashyakta hoti haye, ack nivartamaan sahayogi nyayadhish jise mukhya nyayadhish key roop mein naamit kiya jaataa haye, usey phir seey pushti prakriya seey gujarna hoga.
durlabh avsaron parr, rashtrapatiyon ney senate kii sahamati key binaa sarvocch nyayalaya kii niyuktiyaan kii hain, jaba senate avkash mein hotaa haye. haalaanki, aisee "avkash niyuktiyaan" asthaayi hain, joe senate key agale satra key anta mein samaapt hoe jaati hain. rashtrapatiyon ney 12 avsaron parr avkash niyuktiyaan kii hain, sabse haal hii mein 1958 mein. pratyek avkash niyukt nyaay koo baad mein usee pada key liye naamit kiya gayaa thaa, aur ack koo chhodkar sabhi-1795 mein johnn rutleys koo mukhya nyayadhish key roop mein-senate dwara pushti kii gaee thee. 1795 kaa rutleys namankan senate dwara khariz kiya jaane vaalaa pahala sarvocch nyayalaya kaa namankan thaa; sabse halia namankan 1987 mein robbert bork kaa thaa. george washington key paas 14 namankanon (jinamen seey 12 kii pushti hui thee) key saath sarvocch nyayalaya key namankan kaa record haye. chaar rashtrapatiyon-villium heinry harrison, zaachari teller, andreau johnson aur jimi carter-ney koee namankan naheen kiya, kyonki jaba way karyalaya mein they tou koee riktiyaan naheen theen.
talika kaa saransh.
neeche dee gaee talika mein 1789 seey sarvocch nyayalaya mein ack seat key liye naamit sabhi vyaktiyon koo soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye, namankan kii tarikh seey kalanukramik crum mein, una namankanon parr rashtrapati aur senate dwara kii gaee kaarrvaaiyon key saath. vishesh roop seey, talika pratyek sarvocch nyayalaya key namankan key liye nimnalikhit koo soochibaddh karati haih
namankan prakriya key nimnalikhit antim parinamon kaa pataa lagaaya jaataa haih
isake alawa, jahaan namankan parr antim senate kaarravaai ack roll-coll vote (ack dhwani vote yaa sarvasammat sahamati key vipareet) thee, vahaan kull paksh aur virodh nott kiye jaate hain.
sarvocch nyayalaya mein naamit sabhi vyaktiyon koo soochibaddh karane mein, talika mein una logon key naam shamil hain jinaki pushti naheen hui thee aur saath hii una logon key naam bhee shamil hain jinaki pushti hui thee lekin jinhone pada grahan naheen kiya thaa. kewal 115 vyaktiyon kii soochi key liye jinhone pada grahan kiya aur adalat mein seva kii, sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya key nyayadhishon kii soochi dekhein. talika mein shamil naheen kiye gaye ummidwar rashtrapati pada key liye ghoshit kiye gaye hain, jinake naam aupchaarik roop seey senate mein prastut kiye jaane seey pahale vaapas leey liye gaye they, kyonki aise vyaktiyon koo kabhi bhee aadhikarik roop seey adalat mein naamit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.