
casson (engineering)

bhoo-takniki engineering mein, ack casson (; french seey udhaar liya gayaa "casson", italvi "casson" seey, jiska arth haye "badaa boxes", "kaisa" kaa ack samvardhit) ack jalrodhi pratidhaaran sanrachana haye, udaaharan key liye, ack pull kii neenv parr kaam karane key liye, ack concreet baandh key nirmaan key liye, yaa jahaajon kii marammat key liye.
casson kaa nirmaan iss tarah seey kiya jaataa haye kii paani koo baahar pump kiya jaa sakey, jisase kaary vatavaran shushk rahey. jaba ack khule casson kaa upayog karke ghaat banaae jaa rahey hain, aur upayukt mitty taka pahunchana vyaavhaarik naheen haye, tou gharshan piling koo ack upayukt upa-neenv banaane key liye sanchaalit kiya jaa sakata haye. yeye dher ack neenv paid seey judey hotey hain jiss parr stambh ghaat khadaa kiya jaataa haye.
casson engineering kaa upayog cumm seey cumm 18veen shatabdi seey kiya jaa rhaa haye, aur vishesh roop seey brooklin pull key nirmaan mein upayog kiya gayaa thaa, joe 1883 mein puuraa huaa thaa.
prakaar.
ack jagah parr ack casson sthaapit karane key liye, ise naram mitty key madhyam seey taba taka neeche laaya jaataa haye jaba taka kii ack upayukt neenv samagri kaa saamana naa hoe jaae. jabaki bedrock koo prathamikta dee jaati haye, kabhi-kabhi ack sthir, kathor mitty kaa upayog taba kiya jaataa haye jaba bedrock bahut gahari hoti haye. casson key chaar mukhya prakaar hain "boxes casson", "open casson", "vaayaviya casson" aur "monolithic casson".
boxes.
ack boxes casson ack poorvanirmit concreet boxes haye (kinaaron aur neeche key saath); ise taiyar aadharon parr sett kiya jaataa haye. ack baar jagah parr, ise sthaayi karyon kaa hissa banane key liye concreet seey bharaa jaataa haye, jaise kii ack pull ghaat kii neenv. khokhale concreet kii sanrachanaaen aamtaur parr paani kii tulanaa mein cumm ghanee hoti hain, isaliye ack boxes casson koo taba taka tairane seey rokane key liye ballast yaa lunger daala jaanaa chaahiye jaba taka kii ise concreet seey naheen bharaa jaa sakata. kabhi-kabhi vistrit lunger pranali kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye, jaise kii jwaariya kshetron mein. ack jee. pee. aiss. sarvekshan key saath sanyukt samayojya lunger pranali engineeron koo sateek sateekta key saath ack boxes casson koo sthaapit karane mein saksham banaati haye.
khula.
ack khula casson ack boxes casson key samaan hotaa haye, sivaay isake kii iska nichala chehra naheen hotaa haye. yeh naram mitty mein upayog key liye upayukt haye (jaise.jee. kuchh nadee-talon mein), lekin usa sthaan key liye naheen jahan jameen mein badee baadhaaen hoe sakati hain. ack khula casson jiska upayog naram maidanon yaa uchch jall taalikaon mein kiya jaataa haye, jahaan khuli khaai khudai avyaavhaarik hoti haye, iska upayog gahare manhole, pump stations aur microtonalling, pipe jacking aur anya sanchaalan key liye reception/launch pitt sthaapit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye.
ack casson koo oopar rakhe gaye swa-vajan, concreet yaa paani key bhaar seey yaa hydrolic jack dwara duba jaataa haye. casson key pramukh kinare (yaa "kaatane vaale joote") koo ack urdhvaadhar tareeke seey doobane mein sahaayata key liye ack tej konn parr dhaala jaataa haye; yeh aamtaur parr steel seey banaa hotaa haye. gharshan koo cumm karane key liye jootaa aam taur parr casson kii tulanaa mein chauda hotaa haye, aur pramukh kinare koo dabaav vaale bentonite ghol key saath aapoorti kii jaa sakati haye, joe paani mein phool jaataa haye, avasaad aur riktiyon koo bharkar niptan koo sthir kartaa haye. doobane key dauran ack khula casson paani seey bhar sakata haye. samagri koo crain parr clamshell utkhanan balty dwara khudai kii jaati haye.
gathan star kii upa-mitty abhee bhee khudai yaa wahan kshamata key liye upayukt naheen hoe sakati haye. casson mein paani (uchch jall star key kaaran) neeche kii naram mitty key upthrust balon koo santulit kartaa haye. yadi paani seey baahar kiya jaataa haye, tou aadhar "pipe" yaa "ubal" sakata haye, jisase casson doob sakata haye. iss samasya kaa mukabala karane key liye, dher koo satah seey iss tarah seey sanchaalit kiya jaa sakata haih
aich-beam khand (sabhi akshon mein jhukane key pratirodh key kaaran vishisht stambh khand) koo chattan yaa anya majboot mitty key konon parr "rack" kiya jaa sakata haye; aich-beam aadhar key oopar vistaarit kiye jaate hain. ack prabalit concreet plug koo paani key neeche rakhaa jaa sakata haye, ack prakriya jise tremi concreet placement key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. jaba casson koo paani seey baahar kiya jaataa haye, tou yeh plug ack dher topi key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, joe upa-mitty key oopar kii or balon kaa virodh kartaa haye.
ekshila.
ack monolithic casson (yaa buss ack monolith) anya prakaar key casson kii tulanaa mein badaa hotaa haye, lekin khule casson key samaan hotaa haye. iss tarah key casson aksar kwe divaaron mein paae jaate hain, jahaan jahaajon seey prabhaav key liye pratirodh kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
vaayaviya.
uthale casson havaa key liye khule hoe sakate hain, jabaki vaayaviya casson (jinhen kabhi-kabhi dabaav vaale casson kahaa jaataa haye), joe naram mitty mein pravesh karate hain, sheersh parr talheen dibbon koo seal curr diyaa jaataa haye aur paani aur mitty koo gaharaai seey baahar rakhane key liye sampeedit havaa seey bharaa jaataa haye. ack airlock kaksh taka pahunch kii anumati detaa haye. mazdoor, jinhen sandhog kahaa jaataa haye, mitty aur chattan key malabe (jise "muck" kahaa jaataa haye) koo kaaryasthal key kinare seey paani seey bharey gaddhe mein leey jaate hain, joe ack tube (jise "muck tube" kahaa jaataa haye) dwara satah seey judaa hotaa haye. satah parr ack crain ack clamshell balty key saath mitty koo hataa detee haye. nully mein paani kaa dabaav havaa key dabaav koo santulit kartaa haye, aur atirikt havaa mull nully seey baahar nikalati haye. shramikon key liye niyamit vayu parivartan sunishchit karane aur casson key aadhar parr mitty yaa paani key atyadhik pravaah koo rokane key liye dabaav vaali vayu pravaah sthir honah chaahiye. jaba casson chattan seey takaraata haye, tou sandhog airlock key madhyam seey baahar nikalate hain aur boxes koo concreet seey bhar dete hain, jisase ack thhos neenv ghaat banata haye.
ack vaayaviya (sampeedit-vayu) casson mein shushk kaary sthitiyon koo pradaan karane kaa laabh hotaa haye, joe concreet rakhane key liye behtar haye. yeh una neenvon key liye bhee upayukt haye jinake liye anya tareeke aasann sanrachanaon key niptan kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain.
nirmaan shramik joe casson key dabaav vaale vatavaran koo chhod dete hain, unhein usa darr seey vighatit honah chaahiye joe shareer key ootakon mein ghulansheel nishkriya gasses key lakshan-mukt release kii anumati detaa haye yadi way vichhedan bimari seey bachane key liye hain, ack sthiti joe casson shramikon mein pahali baar pahachaani jaati haye, aur mool roop seey vyaavsaayik khatare kii maanyata mein "casson roga" naam diyaa gayaa haye. brooklin pull kaa nirmaan, jise dabaav vaale casson kii madad seey banaaya gayaa thaa, isake nirmaan key dauran kaee shramikon koo casson roga seey yaa tou maar diyaa gayaa yaa sthaayi roop seey ghayal curr diyaa gayaa. kaana kaa barotrauma, sinus guhaayen aur fefde aur disberric austionecrosis anya jokhim hain.

