
raajneetik nyayshastra

raajneetik nyayshastra ack kanuni siddhant haye kii kuchh nyaayik nirnay nishpaksh nirnay kii tulanaa mein rajneeti seey adhik prerit hotey hain. california vishvavidyalaya, berkley key professor martin shapiro key anusaar, jinhone pahali baar 1964 mein iss siddhant kaa ullekh kiyaah "raajneetik nyayshastra kaa mool raajneetik agencies key roop mein adalaton aur raajneetik abhinetaon key roop mein nyayadhishon kii drishti haye."kanuni nirnay abb nyayadhish key vishleshanatmak vishleshan (vishleshanatmak nyayshastra kii tarah) parr kendrit naheen hain, balki yeh swayam nyayadhish hain joe yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye dhyaan kendrit karate hain kii nirnay kaise liya gayaa thaa. raajneetik nyayshastra kaa kahana haye kii nyayadhish masheenen naheen hain, balki raajneetik pranali aur kaanoon kaa "nirnay" kaise liya jaanaa chaahiye, iss baare mein unaki apani vyaktigat maanyataon seey prabhaavit aur prabhaavit hain. iska matlab yeh naheen haye kii nyayadhish "manmaane dhang seey" nirnay lete hain joe unhein vyaktigat roop seey lagata haye kii nirnay koo dhyaan mein rakhe binaa sahee honah chaahiye. isake bajaay way apane raajneetik, kanuni aur vyaktigat vishvaason key aadhar parr nirnay leey rahey hain kyonki yeh kaanoon seey sambandhit haye. gaharaai seey, aur samaaj key liye adhik nihitarth key saath, nyayadhishon key nirnay naa kewal rajneeti seey sanshodhit hotey hain, balki rajneeti aur kaanoon banaane kii prakriya koo itane prabhaavshaali tareeke seey sanshodhit karate hain kii humm kaha sakate hain kii neeti-nirmaan "nyaayik" haye.
shapiro ney raajneetik nyayshastra koo dou shaakhaon, macro wing aur micro wing key roop mein nott kiya. vrihad shakha raajneetik prakriya mein khilaadiyon key roop mein adalaton koo dekhti haye. nirnay lene kii apani prakriyaon mein, way vibhinn hita samoohon key mamalon kaa manoranjan karate hain isaliye inase dabaav key madhyam seey neeti koo aakar dete hain. sookshm shakha nyayadhishon key vyaktigat nirnayon koo dekhti haye. doosara pankh charles aich kaa ack prakateekaran haye. prichet jinhone adhyayanon key baad sanyukt raajya america mein nyaayik adhyayanon mein vyavhaarvaad kii shuruat kii, joe adalaton mein vyaktigat nirnayon koo rashtrapati roozvelt key dinon seey dikhaa rahey hain.
raajneetik nyayshastra koo kaanoon key ack anushasana key roop mein bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye. praakritik kaanoon key vipareet joe maulik kaanoon key sawal kaa jawab detaa haye aur kaanoon koo prakriti key padanukram mein nihit roop seey rakhta haye, raajneetik nyayshastra jawab koo jaanboojhkar maanav raajneetik prakriya key roop mein prastut kartaa haye. raajneetik nyayshastra kaanoon koo ack ghoomane vaali avadharana key roop mein prastut kartaa haye joe raajneetik drishtikon mein parivartan key kaaran badalata haye.
samvaidhaanik kaanoon kii prakriti key kaaran raajneetik nyayshastra aavashyak haye. ack raajneetik upkaran key roop mein ack desh key samvidhaan kii prakriti aur saath hii ack kanuni dastavej kaanoon mein dhusar kshetron koo chhod detaa haye jahaan nyayadhish apane vyaktigat vichaaron key anusaar kaanoon kii vyakhya karate hain.
raajneetik nyayshastra kaa itihas.
raajneetik nyayshastra koo ack shabd key roop mein shapiro dwara nott kiya gayaa thaa, lekin kuchh kanuni vidwan 14 veen shatabdi aeye taka karyakarta nyayadhishon key astitva kaa pataa lagaate hain.dee jahan nyaay doubleu. shockford koo ack karyakarta nyayadhish key roop mein prastut kiya jaataa haye joe vyaktigat purvagrahon key aadhar parr nirnay letaa haye.
raajneetik nyayshastra kii saarvbhaumiktaa.
pakistani "takhtapalat" aur turkey samvaidhaanik adalat key ack faisale koo raajneetik nyayshastra key saarvbhaumik astitva key saboot key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa haye. pakistan mein samvaidhaanik adalat ney "takhtapalat koo vaidhata dee, jabaki turkey adalaton ney ack samvaidhaanik sanshodhan key khilaf faisala sunaaya joe prakriyaatmak roop seey sahee thaa.