
samvaidhaanik hardball

samvaidhaanik kathorta raajneetik abhinetaon dwara pakshapaatpurna laabh key liye prakriyaon, kaanoonon aur sansthanon kaa dohan haye joe poorv-sthaapit maandandon kaa ullanghan kartaa haye aur vaidhata kii seemaon koo aage badhaata haye. kanuni vidvaanon aur raajneetik vaigyaanikon ney samvaidhaanik kathorta koo loktantra key liye ack khatare key roop mein varnit kiya haye, kyonki yeh loktaantrik maandandon kii saajha samajh koo cumm kartaa haye aur iss ummeed koo cumm kartaa haye kii doosara paksh loktaantrik maandandon kaa paalan karega. natijatan, pakshpaatiyon key ack paksh dwara samvaidhaanik hardball kaa upayog anya pakshpaatiyon koo isi tarah seey pratikriya karane key liye protsaahit kartaa haye. 
yeh avadharana harvard low school key maark tushnet key 2004 key lekh seey upaji haye. harvard vishvavidyalaya key raajneetik vaigyaanikon daniel ziblat aur steven levitsky ney tark diyaa haye kii argentine aur venezuela jaise loktantra samvaidhaanik hardball key madhyam seey kuchh hudd taka adhinayakvad mein sthanantarit hoe gaye, kyonki juan peron aur hyugo chaavez ney satta koo majboot karane key liye kanuni adalat-packing yojanaon kaa upayog kiya.
sanyukt raajya america mein.
kolambiya low school mein kaanoon key professor david posion ney 2018 mein likhaa kii sanyukt raajya america mein "samvaidhaanik hardball kii avadharana aam upayog mein aatee prateet hoti haye".
samvaidhaanik kathorta key udaharanon mein dusaron koo apani maangon (bandhak banaana) parr sahmat honey key liye majboor karane key liye rinn seema kaa upayog, virodhi dall key liye matdaataon koo matadhikar seey vanchit karna (matadaata daman), filibuster kaa niyamit upayog, dincharya, adalat-packing, aaney vaale vidhayakon aur prashasanon kii shaktiyon parr ankush lagaane key liye langade prashaasan aur vidhaansabhaaon dwara kaarravaai, khud yaa apane sahyogiyon koo kshama karane kii shaktiyon kaa upayog karna aur shakti key shantipurna sankraman key liye pratibaddh honey seey incar karna shamil haye.
yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii sanyukt raajya congress mein samvaidhaanik hardball key upayog ney neeti-nirmaan mein karyakari kii bhoomika koo majboot kiya haye, kyonki rashtrapati key vidhaayika koo darkinar karane key liye karyalaya kii shaktiyon kaa upayog karane kii adhik sambhavana hoe jaati haye; obama key karyakari aadeshon key upayog kaa ullekh samvaidhaanik hardball key ack udaaharan key roop mein kiya gayaa haye.

