
japani antariksh karyakram

japani antariksh karyakram () kii utpatti 1950 key dashak key madhya mein tokyo vishvavidyalaya mein hedo itokawa key netritva mein ack shodh samooh key roop mein hui thee. utpaadit rockets kaa aakar dheere-dheere pariyojana kii shuruat mein cumm seey badhkar 1960 key dashak key madhya taka hoe gayaa. mool shodh pariyojana kaa uddeshya maanav nirmit upgrah koo prakshepit karna thaa.
1960 key dashak taka, dou sangathan, antariksh aur antariksh vigyaan sansthaan (isas) aur japan kii rashtriya antariksh vikas agency (nasda), apane swayam key rockett vikasit curr rahey they. 1990 aur 2000 key dashak mein kaee viphaltaon kaa saamana karane key baad, isas aur nasda kaa vilay-japan (naal) kii rashtriya aerospace prayogshala key saath-2003 mein ekikrit japan aerospace exploration agency (jaxa) kaa gathan karane key liye kiya gayaa.
itihas.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, kaee vaimaaniki engineeron ney apani naukari khou dee kyonki japan key americi kabje key tahat vimaan vikas parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. 1951 mein saine francisco shaanti sandhi key baad yeh badal gayaa, jisane ack baar phir vimanan praudyogiki key vikas kii anumati dee. isake baad, tokyo vishvavidyalaya key professor hedo itokawa ney vishvavidyalaya mein audyogik vigyaan sansthaan mein ack vimanan anusandhaan samooh kii sthaapana kii. vaha samooh 12 aprail 1955 koo tokyo key kokubunji mein kshaitij roop seey pencil rockett launch karane mein safal rhaa. rockett lamba thaa aur iska vyaas thaa.
pencil rockett japan mein apani tarah kaa pahala prayog thaa. shuru mein, dhyaan antariksh anveshan parr naheen, balki rockett-sanchaalit vimaanon key vikas parr thaa. haalaanki, antarrashtriya bhubhautikiya varsh mein japan kii bhagidari key baad, rockett pariyojana kaa dhyaan antariksh engineering kii or sthanantarit hoe gayaa.
praarambhik vikas.
pencil rockett key punaravritti antatah aakar mein iss hudd taka badh gaye kii kokubunji key bheetar prayog koo bahut khatarnak maanaa gayaa. isaliye, prakshepan sthal koo akita praant mein mishikawa samudra tata parr sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. pencil rockett key baad, badaa bebi rockett vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, joe oonchaai taka pahunch gayaa thaa. bebi rockett key baad, dou aur rockett pariyojanaaen kii gaeenh ack gubbare seey prakshepit ack rockoon-prakaar kaa rockett aur ack jameen seey prakshepit rockett. ack chattan kaa vikas bahut kathin nikla, aur usa prayog koo antatah roque diyaa gayaa. jameen seey prakshepit rockett prototype key kaee sanskaranon mein, kappa rockett sabse safal rockets mein seey ack thaa, joe dheere-dheere adhik oonchaai taka pahunchata gayaa. aparyaapt dhana key kaaran, rockett haath seey banaae gaye they aur tracking radar koo haath seey sanchaalit kiya gayaa thaa. utpaadan pareekshan aur truti parr nirbhar thaa.
1958 mein, kappa 6 rockett kii oonchaai taka pahunch gayaa aur ekatra kiye gaye aankadon ney japan koo antarrashtriya bhubhautiki varsh mein bhaag lene kii anumati dee. 1960 mein, kappa 8 rockett ney oonchaai koo paar curr liya. badey rockets key vikas key liye ack badee downerange key saath ack prakshepan sthal kii aavashyakta thee. japan key sankeern samudra kii seema seey lagey akita praant mein puraane sthal koo iss uddeshya key liye aparyaapt maanaa gayaa thaa aur prashant tata parr ack nayaa prakshepan sthal banaaya gayaa thaa, iss baar kagoshima praant key uchinaura mein.
ohsumi kaa prakshepan.
1960 key dashak mein, japani antariksh anusandhaan aur vikas mukhya roop seey upgrah vitaran pranaliyon parr kendrit thaa. upgrah vitaran key liye kappa rockets key uttaradhikariyon koo vikasit karane key liye ack asthaayi yojana banaai gaee thee, jise lambda rockett kahaa jaayega. vigyaan aur praudyogiki agency ney baad mein kappa prakshepan key apane adhyayan koo takniki jaankaari ekatra karane parr kendrit kiya joe nae rockets koo adhik oonchaai praapt karane mein madad karega.
1963 mein, sarkaar ney antariksh vikas parr kharch mein dheere-dheere vriddhi shuru kii. usa varsh, vigyaan aur praudyogiki agency ney rashtriya vaimaaniki prayogshala (naal) koo rashtriya antariksh prayogshala mein punargathit kiya. nayaa null antariksh praudyogiki parr anusandhaan kaa kendra honah thaa. haalaanki, yeh jald hii spasht hoe gayaa kii naal key paas vaimaaniki aur antariksh praudyogiki donon koo ack saath vikasit karane key liye aparyaapt sansaadhan they. parinamswarup, 1964 mein, vigyaan aur praudyogiki agency koo vibhajit curr diyaa gayaa, jisamen naal kewal vimanan praudyogiki parr kaam karane key liye thaa, aur antariksh praudyogiki koo sambhaalane key liye ack nayaa banaaya gayaa antariksh vikas samvardhan mukhyalaya thaa.
1964 mein, hedo itokawa key aagrah parr, tokyo vishvavidyalaya ney antariksh aur antariksh vigyaan sansthaan kii sthaapana kii. halanki lambda rockets parr vikas dheere-dheere aage badhaa, lekin agale kuchh varshon mein vriddhisheel sudhaar hue; jaise kii ack upgrah key prakshepan key liye aavashyak oonchaai taka pahunchane kii naee kshamata, usake karib pahunchana. haalaanki, iss samay raajneetik muddon ney vikas mein deree kii. udaaharan key liye, rockett margadarshan praudyogikiyon seey judaa ack vivaad thaa, jise kuchh loga nagrik naheen, balki sainya maanate they. lambda pahal kii nirantar viphalata key kaaran aur adhik prakop huaa, jisane kaksha mein chaar rockett khou diye. viphalata kathit taur parr ack sadame (avashisht eendhan key achaanak dahan seey) key kaaran hui thee jisake parinamswarup bhaagon kii takkar hoe gaee thee.
pahala safal japani upgrah prakshepan 11 farwari 1970 koo ack nirdeshit ell-4aiss rockett nam. dwara ohsumi key prakshepan key saath huaa. 5. ohsumi kaa prakshepan sanyukt raajya america key saath takniki sahyog kaa ack mahatvapurna pradarshan thaa, vishesh roop seey uchch dakshata vaali baitariyon key vikas mein joe uchch tapman parr shakti naheen khoti theen.
safal vikas.
1969 mein, antariksh vikas samvardhan mukhyalaya koo rashtriya antariksh vikas agency key roop mein punargathit kiya gayaa thaa, joe isas seey ack alag agency thee. pratyek agency swatantra roop seey apane swayam key rockett vikasit curr rahee thee. udaaharan key liye, nasda ney vyaavhaarik aur vaanijyik anuprayogon key saath badey upgrahon koo prakshepit karane key liye rockets parr dhyaan kendrit kiya thaa, jabaki isas ney chhote vaigyaanik upgrahon koo prakshepit kiya thaa.
agency key punargathan key baad, japan ney 1970 key dashak mein adhik sateek rockett vikasit karna shuru curr diyaa. halanki pahala aim-4aiss rockett whiffle rhaa, isake agale sanskaran kaksha mein safal rahey, jisamen teen upgrah vimaan antatah myu rockett parivaar kii neenv bunn gaye. baad mein, pranali koo saral banaane key liye myu rockets koo chaar charanon seey teen charanon mein badal diyaa gayaa, aur aim-3see mein vriddhi kii gaee. sabhi charan aim-3aiss rockets key saath kaam karane mein saksham they, aur iss takneek key parinamswarup kaksha mein safal upgrah prakshepan kii ack shrinkhala hui, joe harr baar adhik oonchaai taka pahunchati haye.
inn rockets dwara engineering pareekshan upgrah tansei aur kaee anya vaigyaanik upgrahon koo prakshepit kiya gayaa thaa. kyokko aur ohzora jaise vayumandaliya avalokan upgrah aur hakucho aur hinotori jaise aiks-ray khagol vigyaan upgrah bhee iss samay sakriya they. isas key aim-3sii rockett kaa vikas puuraa hoe gayaa. rockett apani tarah kaa pahala thhos-pranodak rockett thaa, aur prithvi key gurutvaakarshan koo hailey armada upgrahon sakigek aur susei koo leey jaane key liye chhod diyaa. aim-3sii ney ack key baad ack prakshepit kiye jaa rahey upgrahon key liye praudyogiki sthaapit kii.
aim-vee rockett, ack badaa thhos-pranodak rockett, 1997 mein dikhaai diyaa. isa ney sarkaar koo bataaya kii agale 10 varshon mein rockett key vyaas koo 1.4 meater seey adhik taka badhaana takniki roop seey sambhav naheen hoga. aisaa isaliye thaa kyonki nasda ney iss aakar parr nirnay liya thaa aur rashtriya sabhaa ney isake oopar aur pratibandh lagaa diye they, jisase aakar koo badhaana mushkil hoe gayaa thaa.nasda ney shuru mein apana swadeshi thhos-eendhan prakshepan vaahan vikasit karane kii yojana banaai jise "kyu rockett" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye."halanki, vyaavhaarik aur vaanijyik rockets kii tatkaal aavashyakta key kaaran, japan-yuu.aiss. antariksh samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye gaye aur sanyukt raajya america seey praudyogiki pesh kii gaee. americi delta rockett key pahale charan key taral eendhan injan kaa upayog karate hue, japan ney taral rockets key saath vikas key apane dusare charan key dauran le-3 sthaapit karane kii yojana shuru kii. isake saath hii aine-aaee rockett vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, taral rockett kii kakshiya payload kshamata cumm thee, aur upgrahon key nirmaan kii kshamata sanyukt raajya america kii tarah majboot naheen thee. iss vajah seey, 1977 mein sanyukt raajya america seey adhik praudyogiki hastaantarit kii gaee aur bhusthaitik mausam vigyaan upgrah himwari 1 koo ack americi rockett kaa upayog karke prakshepit kiya gayaa. baad mein americi rockets dwara sakura aur yuri upgrahon koo bhee prakshepit kiya gayaa. aine-aaee rockett ney kewal vinirmaan praudyogiki aur prabandhan takneekon seey praapt praudyogiki kaa upayog kiya, lekin aksar record rakhane seey, nasda ney dheere-dheere adhik praudyogiki praapt kii aur japan mein upgrah utpaadan kii darr himwari 2 key baad seey badh gaee haye.
taba seey, badey upgrahon kii maangon koo puuraa karane key liye, nasda ney aine-aaee rockett key uttaradhikari aine-III rockett kaa vikas shuru kiya. doosara charan nock-down kitt mein badal gayaa. lagbhag 300 kilogram key himwari 2 koo bhusthaitik kaksha mein sthaapit karane mein saksham thaa. inn rockets ney sanyukt raajya america key delta rockett key licenses praapt utpaadan aur yuu kaa upayog kiya.aiss. ghatak kaa utpaadan ghatata haye, isaliye vaahan swayam uchch gunavatta key they. haalaanki, jaba upgrah key apoji kick motor jaise purje kharaab hoe gaye, tou unhein kaise behtar banaaya jaae, iss baare mein jaankaari praapt karna bahut mushkil thaa. sanyukt raajya america seey aayatit ghatak black boxes system they, jinka japani engineeron koo nireekshan karane kii anumati naheen thee. iss prakaar, japan key liye swatantra roop seey poore rockett koo vikasit karna aavashyak hoe gayaa, aur gharelu vikas shuru hoe gayaa thaa. nava vikasit aich-aaee rockett ney dusare charan mein taral eendhan lii-5 rockett injan kaa upayog kiya. lii-5 koo uchch dakshata vaale taral hydrogen aur oxygen pranodak key upayog aur phir seey prajwalit karane kii kshamata kii visheshta thee, jisane ise aine-III oopari charan kii tulanaa mein adhik saksham banaa diyaa. aich-aaee rockett 500 kilogram seey adhik kii vastuon koo bhusthaitik kaksha mein prakshepit karane mein saksham thaa.
nasda dwara utpaadit rockets kaa upayog kaee vaanijyik upgrahon, sanchaar upgrahon aur prasaran upgrahon, mausam upgrahon aadi kii teji seey badhati sankhya koo prakshepit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. nau aich-aaee rockets kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen seey sabhi koo safaltapurvak prakshepit kiya gayaa haye. yeh pahali baar thaa jaba japan ney ack saath kaee upgrahon koo safaltapurvak prakshepit kiya thaa.
japan ney chaalak dall kii antariksh udaan key liye takneek vikasit naheen kii. mamoru mohar, nassa key sahyog seey, mool roop seey 1990 mein antariksh mein jaane vaale pahale japani honey vaale they, lekin shuttle key saath paristhitiyon key kaaran, toyohiro akiyama, ack nagrik, pahale japani nagrik bunn gaye joe soyaz tii. aim-11 parr savaar hocker antariksh mein gaye.
badey paimaane parr rockett aur sambandhit chunautiyon.
lii-5 rockett injan koo safaltapurvak vikasit karane key baad, aur usa samay taka japan mein hui takniki pragati koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, nasda ney ack nayaa rockett model vikasit karane kaa faisala kiya, joe vishesh roop seey japan mein baney taral eendhan kaa upayog karega taaki desh mein shodh kii jaa rahee naee antariksh praudyogikiyon koo badhaava diyaa jaa sakey. rockett kaa vikas 1984 mein shuru huaa, jisake parinamswarup aich-3 rockett koo poori tarah seey shuru seey design kiya gayaa thaa. ack poorna gharelu roop seey utpaadit pahale charan key injan kii disha mein lakshya rakhate hue atirikt kathinaaiyaan utpann huin, jisake parinamswarup antatah leey-7 rockett injan hoga, joe uchch dabaav vaale hydrogen aur oxygen gais key dahan parr kaam karane vaalaa ack dwi-pranodak design haye. iss pranodan pranali key kaaran aaee kuchh samasyaon mein, anya key alawa, compan key kaaran nuksan pahunchaane vaale hisse, upayog kii jaane vaali samagri key sthaayitva key baare mein chintaaen aur hydrogen risaav key parinamswarup honey vaale visfot they, inn sabhi koo hull karane mein kaafee samay lagaa. doosari or, thhos-pranodak rockett booster kaa vikas bhee thhos-pranodak rockett praudyogikiyon kaa laabh uthaakar shuru kiya gayaa, jinhone antariksh aur antariksh vigyaan sansthaan mein nirantar shodh kaa anand liya thaa. iss naee takneek koo niyojit karane vaale pahale rockett kaa prakshepan 1994 mein honah thaa, vikas key 10 varshon key baad aur aich-aaee rockett key antim prakshepan key kewal dou saal baad. 3 farwari koo prakshepit honey vaale anukram koo ack dinn key liye sthagit karna padaa jaba rockett fairing seey judaa ack vatanukoolan nalika prakshepan paid seey gir gaee. natijatan 4 farwari koo pahale gharelu roop seey utpaadit taral aich-3 rockett kaa prakshepan kiya gayaa.
isake alawa, 1989 mein antariksh aur antariksh vigyaan sansthaan ney antariksh anveshan neeti kii ruprekha mein badalaav kiye, jisase 1990 mein shuru hue thhos-pranodak rockets mein uchit shodh key saath badey paimaane parr rockets key vikas koo saksham banaaya gayaa, jisamen rockett design antargrahiya anveshan key liye payload dene mein saksham they. iss prakaar key rockett key liye ack injan vikasit karane mein kaee deree key bavjood, nayaa aim-vee rockett antatah 1997 mein puuraa huaa, pichhale aim-3cii model kii antim udaan key dou saal baad. iss bindu key baad seey rockett anusandhaan key liye nishkriyata kii avadhi prakat honey luggy, jisake kaaran mangal grah kaa adhyayan karane key uddeshya seey ack mission nozomi key prakshepan koo dou saal key liye sthagit curr diyaa gayaa.
japan ney nae rockett vikasit karane mein pragati karna jaari rakhaa, yaani 1990 taka jaba sanyukt raajya america kii vyaapaar neeti "dhaara 301" lagu hui, jisase japan koo apane rashtriya upgrahon koo antarrashtriya bolly mein prastut karane key liye majboor honah padaa. vyaavhaarik, anuprayog-unmukh rockets koo prakshepit karane kii desh kii kshamata bhee kaee mayanon mein prabhaavit hui, mukhya roop seey america dwara nirmit rockets key pravaah key kaaran joe prakshepan key liye adhik saste they. isake alawa, kuchh gharelu upgrahon key utpaadan kii uchch laagat, aur paschim mein badey paimaane parr utpaadit upgrahon kii cumm kimaton key saath pratispardha karane mein asamarthata ney ise aisaa banaa diyaa taaki himwari 5 key uttaradhikari koo japan mein nirmit honey key bajaay poori tarah seey america seey kharida jaa sakey. kaee anya prakaar key antariksh yaan desh key bheetar seey prakshepit kiye gaye they, udaaharan key liye paryaavaran avalokan upgrah jaise midori, aur khagoliya yaa praayogik antariksh yaan jaise halka, ack aisee gatividhi jise kull milakar badee safalata millie thee. haalaanki, videshon seey prakshepit kiye jaa rahey vaanijyik upgrahon kii pradhaantaa key kaaran, aaj taka japan abhee bhee kissy bhee prakaar key vaanijyik prakshepan kaa track-record jamaa naheen curr sakaa haye.
1990 key dashak key anta aur 2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein nae vikasit rockets key liye kaee baadhaaen pesh aaeen. aich-3 rockett kii udaan sankhya 5 aur 8 donon prakshepan key saath-saath chauthe aim-vee rockett key prakshepan mein whiffle rahey. ack anya ullekhaniya sthiti nozomi jaanch kii thee, joe mangal kii kaksha mein pravesh karane mein whiffle rahee. inn viphaltaon key saath-saath haal key prashaasnik sudhaaron ney sarkaar koo usa samay kii kaee antariksh agencies koo ack sangathan mein ekikrit karane key liye ack prastaav kaa prastaav dene key liye prerit kiya. iss prakriya mein, inn sangathanon key beach sahyog koo majboot karane, sabse badhkar karyakshamta parr jore dene aur sangathanaatmak sanrachana kii prabhavsheelta mein sudhaar karane key liye ack yojana taiyar kii gaee thee. iss dauran antariksh aur antariksh vigyaan sansthaan ney asafal aich-3 prakshepanon key liye maafi jaari kii, phir nae design kii sadgi parr vishesh dhyaan dene key saath rockett key vikas koo phir seey shuru kiya. nayaa model, jise aich-aaee. aaee. aeye. kahaa jaataa haye, 2001 mein safaltapurvak launch kiya gayaa thaa. nasda, naal aur isas sahit teenon antariksh agencies dwara kiye gaye inn nae prayason key bavjood, sangathanon koo aaj kii japan aerospace exploration agency (jey. aeye. aiss. aeye.) mein vilay curr diyaa gayaa, jise aadhikarik taur parr 1 octuber, 2003 koo sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
aashaa pariyojana.
aashaa haye, "aich-2 parikrama karane vaalaa vimaan, prayogaatmak" aich-3 vaahan parr prakshepit kiye jaane vaale antariksh vimaan koo vikasit karane kaa ack karyakram thaa. vikasatmak vaahan koo hope-aiks kahaa jaataa thaa, joe udaan pareekshan aur pranali satyapan key liye ack maanav rahit pranali thee, joe parichaalan aashaa vaahan taka leey jaati thee, joe japan kaa pahala chaalak dall-leey jaane vaalaa antariksh yaan hotaa, joe 4-vyakti 22-metrick-tunn (49,000 pound) design hotaa. donon koo japan key aich-aaee lancher parr launch kiya jaanaa thaa, halanki badey chaalak dall-leey jaane vaale sanskaran koo launch karane key liye pradarshan mein sudhaar kii aavashyakta thee.
1997 mein, aashaa pariyojana koo antarrashtriya antariksh station parr prakshepan key liye kewal ack maanav rahit malvahak vaahan key roop mein cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lagbhag usee samay jaba aich-III lancher koo chhote aich-aaee. aaee. aeye. taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa. hope-aiks koo aich-aaee. aaee. aeye. vaahan parr launch kiya jaanaa thaa. 2003 mein model key vaayugatikiya parikshanon key saath, lekin kissy bhee vaahan key prakshepan key liye puuraa honey seey pahale, pariyojana koo radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
21veen sadee.
aich-aaee. aaee. aeye. pahale key aich-aaee. aaee. rockett kaa vyutpann haye, jise vishvasaniyata mein sudhaar aur laagat koo cumm karane key liye kaafee hudd taka phir seey design kiya gayaa haye. halanki chhathaa aich-aaee. aaee. aeye. prakshepan jaxa kii sthaapana key turant baad whiffle rhaa, lekin isake baad safal prakshepanon kii ack shrinkhala shuru hui. 2009 mein aich-aaee. aaee. bee. rockett, jise aich-aaee. aaee. aeye. kii tulanaa mein adhik payload kshamata key liye vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, koo antarrashtriya antariksh station key liye upkaran aur aapoorti bhejane key liye safaltapurvak launch kiya gayaa thaa. aim-vee thhos eendhan rockett kii tulanaa mein adhik aasaani seey aur adhik saste mein chhote upgrahon koo prakshepit karane key liye, apsilon key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa ack uttaradhikari bhee vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. apsilon rockett kaa pahala safal prakshepan 2013 mein huaa thaa. japan mein yeye vikas vyavasaay koo phir seey shuru karane kii sambhavana kaa peechha curr rahey hain.
upgrahon koo prakshepit karane key liye kaee upgrahon aur praayogik antariksh yaan kaa utpaadan japan key bheetar kiya gayaa haye, jisase iss kshetra mein majboot takniki kshamataaen paida hui hain. keeku 8 key liye upayog kii jaane vaali dee. aiss. 2000 upgrah buss kaa upayog mausam vigyaan upgrah himwari 7 key liye bhee kiya gayaa thaa, jisane laagat koo cumm karane kii anumati dee aur gharelu roop seey utpaadit mausam upgrahon koo phir seey launch karna sambhav banaa diyaa. saste custom-nirmit upgrahon koo tainaat karane key uddeshya seey ack chhote seey vaigyaanik upgrah koo prakshepit karane kii yojana haye.
1998 mein uttar koriyai missile parikshanon seey pahale, tohi upgrahon koo kabhi bhee prakshepit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. 2008 mein japani antariksh kaanoon mein sanshodhan kiya gayaa thaa taaki kewal tohi aur missile raksha key liye sainya upgrahon kii tainaati kii anumati dee jaa sakey. bajat kaa kuchh hissa inn yojanaon key liye vaigyaanik antariksh anveshan bajat seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase anya praudyogikiyon parr dabaav padaa.
haal key varshon mein sabse badee safalata hayabusa namuna vaapsee mission thee. hayabusa koo 2003 mein uchinaura antariksh kendra seey ack aim-vee rockett parr savaar hocker prakshepit kiya gayaa thaa, joe 2010 mein 25143 itokawa key namoonon key saath prithvi parr lauta thaa. jabaki ack jaanch koo tainaat karane mein samasyaaen theen, hayabusa antatah kshudragrah seey kaee namoone praapt karane mein kamyab rhaa. isane hayabusa koo pahala safal kshudragrah namuna vaapsee mission banaa diyaa.
akatsuki antariksh yaan koo maee 2010 mein launch kiya gayaa thaa, jiska uddeshya usa varsh disambar mein japan kaa pahala shukra jaanch banana thaa. kakshiya sammilan kaa pahala prayaas whiffle rhaa, lekin jaanch doosara prayaas karane mein saksham thee aur disambar 2015 mein safal rahee.
juuna 2014 mein, shiksha, sanskriti, khel, vigyaan aur praudyogiki mantralaya ney kahaa kii vaha mangal grah key liye ack antariksh mission parr vichaar curr rhaa haye. mantralaya key ack patra mein, isane maanav rahit anveshan, mangal grah key liye chaalak dall key missions aur deerghakaalik chandra niptan koo una uddeshyon key roop mein ingit kiya jinake liye antarrashtriya sahyog aur samarthan kii maang kii jaa rahee thee.
disambar 2021 mein, pradhaan mantri fumio kishida ney antariksh vikas ranneeti parr ack sarkari baithak key dauran kahaa, "humm 2020 key dashak key uttaraardh mein ack japani antariksh yatri dwara chandra parr utarane kaa lakshya banaa rahey hain. japan chandra anveshan koo aage badhaane key liye artemis karyakram mein shamil hoga.
farwari 2023 mein, jaxa koo prakshepan key turant baad ack rockett koo nasht karane key liye majboor honah padaa kyonki rockett ney cumm wegg kaa anubhav kiya. aich3 rockett key prakshepan mein pahale doshpurna rockett booster key kaaran deree hui thee.
sangathan.
japan kaa antariksh vikas audyogik vigyaan sansthaan, tokyo vishvavidyalaya mein ack shodh samooh key roop mein shuru huaa, jisaki utpatti engineering key dusare sankaay mein hui thee, usee vishvavidyalaya kaa dwiteeya vishva yuddh seey pahale kaa vibhaag joe vimaan vikas parr kendrit thaa. japan kii rashtriya aerospace prayogshala (aine. aeye. ell.) koo 1963 mein aage vimaan praudyogikiyon koo vikasit karane key liye shuru kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1964 mein tokyo anusandhaan samooh ney tokyo institute off aerospace key roop mein shaakhaaen kholin, joe vishvavidyalaya key ander apana alag vibhaag bunn gayaa. 1969 mein, japan kii rashtriya antariksh vikas agency (nasda) kii sthaapana kii gaee thee, jabaki usee samay rashtriya aerospace prayogshala ney praudyogiki niryaat key uddeshya seey vaigyaanik anusandhaan mein visheshagyata praapt karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. 1981 mein, null kaa punargathan kiya gayaa aur yeh rashtriya antariksh aur antariksh vigyaan sansthaan (isas) bunn gayaa.
1990 aur 2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein sarkari sudhaaron aur prashaasnik parivartanon dwara kii gaee gati, japani rockets key kaee asafal prakshepanon key kaaran bhee badhee, vibhinn antariksh sangathanon key beach sahyog koo majboot karna aavashyak banaa diyaa, jisase japan aerospace exploration agency (jey. aeye. aiss. aeye.) key tahat inn sansthanon kaa ekikaran huaa. vartamaan mein, jaxa shiksha, sanskriti, khel, vigyaan aur praudyogiki mantralaya (aim. ee. aiks. tii.) key hisse key roop mein kaam kartaa haye, aur japan key antariksh vikas key liye jimmedaar mukhya ikai haye.
rockett renz.
desh mein upgrahon koo prakshepit karane kii kshamata vaali dou suvidhaaen hainh tanegashima antariksh kendra aur uchinaura antariksh kendra. nasda dwara pahale vikasit taral eendhan rockett tanegashima seey prakshepit kiye jaate hain, jabaki uchinaura antariksh kendra thhos-pranodak rockets key liye ack prakshepan sthal key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, jinhen isas dwara prabandhit kiya jaataa thaa.
pareekshan rockets koo prakshepit karane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali anya suvidhaon mein shamil hainh
akita rockett pareekshan sthal kaa upayog 1955 seey 1965 taka tokyo vishvavidyalaya dwara ack pareekshan prakshepan suvidha key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. iss sthal kaa upayog aakhiri baar rashtriya aerospace prayogshala dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur aajkal iss sthal koo yaad karane vaale patthar key smaarak key alawa iss suvidha mein kuchh bhee naheen bachaa haye.
dha, jise "rayori" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, kaa upayog aprail 1970 mein apani sthaapana seey 21 march 2001 taka apani sakriya avadhi key dauran kull 1,119 aim. tii.-135pee rockets koo launch karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. vartamaan mein iss sthal kaa upayog vayumandaliya vayu gunavatta koo maapane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
nijima dweep key dakshini chhor parr sthit dha kii sthaapana march 1962 mein raksha agency key takniki anusandhaan aur vikas sansthaan dwara kii gaee thee. vigyaan aur praudyogiki agency ney raksha agency seey bhoomi aur suvidhaon koo kiraaye parr liya aur 1963 aur 1965 key beach athaarah chhote paimaane parr rockett prakshepan pareekshan kiye. renz kii sankirnata key kaaran badey rockett vahaan pareekshan key liye upayukt naheen they. 1969 mein, raksha agency aur sthaaniya nivaasiyon donon ney japan (nasda) kii navgathit rashtriya antariksh vikas agency kii pariyojana kaa nijima mein apani rockett pareekshan renz banaane kaa virodh kiya. isake bajaay, tanegashima antariksh kendra kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa.
taiki aerospace anusandhaan kshetra japan aerospace anveshan agency key swaamitva vaali ack suvidha haye, lekin niji companiyon dwara upayog kii bhee anumati haye, jaisa kii march 2002 aur janwari 2003 key beach kiye gaye kaimui rockett key kaee prakshepan parikshanon seey pataa chalata haye.
japan antarctic shoa station kaa bhee sanchaalan kartaa haye. 1970 aur 1985 key beach, ozon maap aur auroral avalokan jaise uddeshyon key liye 54 samoohon dwara rockett launch kiye gaye they.
shantipurna vikas.
japani antariksh karyakram koo shantipurna lakshyon key liye vikasit kiya gayaa haye, joe sainya praudyogiki seey poori tarah seey alag haye. isaliye, karyakram key uddeshya aam taur parr vaanijyik yaa vaigyaanik hotey hain.
jaxa kii deerghakaalik drishti key anusaar, aerospace praudyogiki kaa upayog nimnalikhit key liye kiya jaanaa haih

