
shram batalian (turkey)

ottoman shram batalian (,,,,) ottoman samrajya key anta mein swatantra shram kaa ack roop thaa. yeh shabd pratham vishva yuddh key dauran ottoman armenian sainikon key nirastreekaran aur hatyaa, ottoman samrajya mein yunani narsamhar key dauran ottoman yoonaniyon kii hatyaa aur turkey swatantrata sangram key dauran bhee judaa huaa haye.
avalokan.
pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, ottoman samrajya senaa key rasad sangathan key liye shram bataliyanon parr nirbhar thaa. usa samay samrajya mein railway kii buniyaadi suvidhaon kii kamee thee. hilmar casser key anusaar, bataliyanon koo saunpe gaye purush 25,000 seey 50,000 key beach they, joe iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii yeh yuddh thaa yaa shaanti. majdooron koo sadakon aur railway parr nirmaan kaary karane aur yuddh key morche parr senaa koo aavashyak aapoorti key parivahan key liye saunpa gayaa thaa. adhikansh bharti isai they, jinamen seey yunani aur siriyai isaaiyon key alawa armenian sabse badey dall they.
shram bataliyanon mein armenian.
yuva turkey kranti taka armeniyai logon ney ottoman samrajya mein sashastr balon mein seva naheen kii thee. 
25 farwari 1915 koo, sarikamish kii ladaai mein ottoman kii haar key baad, ottoman general staff ney yuddh mantri enver paasha kaa "nirdesh 8682" jaari kiya jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii sainikon parr armenian hamalon aur armenian gharon mein bamon key bhandar key parinamswarup, "armenian koo mobile senaaon, mobile aur sthir gendermary mein, yaa kissy bhee sashastr seva mein sakhti seey niyukt naheen kiya jaayega."enver paasha ney iss nirnay koo iss darr seey samajhaaya kii way rusiyon key saath sahyog karenge."joe armenian pahale sarikamish kii ladaai mein tainaat they, unhein nirastra curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur unhein shram bataliyanon mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. paaramparik roop seey, ottoman senaa ney kewal 20-45 varsh kii ayu key gair-muslim purushon koo niyamit senaa mein shamil kiya. yuva (15-20) aur badey (45-60) gair-muslim sainikon kaa upayog hamesha shram bataliyanon key madhyam seey rasad sahaayata key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. armenian majdooron key liye sthitiyaan kathor theen. unake paas bahut cumm bhojan thaa aur paharedar unhein aksar peetate they. kaee loga bimari seey peedit they. farwari seey pahale, kuchh armenian bhartiyon koo majdooron ("hamaal") key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa; unhein antatah maar diyaa jaataa thaa.
shram bataliyanon mein yunani.
armenian logon kii tarah anatolian yoonaniyon koo bhee shram bataliyanon mein majboor kiya gayaa. 31 march kii ghatana mein pahali baar isaaiyon kaa masauda taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. sarkaar isaaiyon kaa masauda taiyar karane key baare mein duvidha mein theeh ack or, unhein sabhi morchon parr sangharsh aur yuddh key saath ack badee senaa kii aavashyakta thee; doosari or, kaee ottomans kaa maanana thaa kii isai una isai rashtron key prati sahaanubhooti rakhate they joe ottoman samrajya lada rhaa thaa (udaaharan key liye, balcon yuddhon key dauran). 
1915 taka, senaa kii umr key adhikansh yunani purushon koo shram bataliyanon mein bharti kiya gayaa thaa. way surangon kaa rakharkhaav karate they, sadakon kaa nirmaan karate they aur kheton parr kaam karate they. unake paas bahut cumm bhojan thaa aur way fatey hue kapade pahanate they. konya mein yunani majdooron key baare mein ack videshi vanijya doot ney yeh kahaah 
shram bataliyanon mein loga jaldi hii marr gaye. udaaharan key liye, gaziantep key paas İlâhiye mein kaam karane key liye majboor lagbhag 80 pratishat yunani majdooron kii mrityu hoe gaee. ack angreji khufiya adhikaari ney kahaa kii "ack mazdoor giroh mein ack yunani kaa jeevan aam taur parr lagbhag dou maheene kaa hotaa haye."anya videshiyon ney bataaya kii mrit yoonaniyon koo saamoohik kabron mein fenk diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen chhah shav ack hii kabr mein dher curr diye gaye they.
1921 mein, turkey adhikaariyon ney yunani anathon koo vaastav mein umr seey adhik honey kii ghoshana karate hue jhoothe janm pramaan patra banaae. iss tarah kishore ladakon koo bhee shram bataliyanon mein bharti kiya gayaa. yahaan taka kii maark lambert bristol, jinka vishesh roop seey turkey samarthak purvagrah thaa, ney bataaya kii shram bataliyanon mein yunani purushon key saath "jaanvaron kii tarah vyavhaar kiya jaataa thaa."
dou sansmaran shram bataliyanon mein yoonaniyon key anubhavon koo darshaate hain. alias venezis, joe shram bataliyanon seey butch gaye, ney "sankhya 31328: dha book off slavery" mein apane anubhav key baare mein likhaa. narsamhar seey bache sano hello kii betty americi lekhika thaa hello ney apani maan key anubhavon key baare mein "meraa naam bhee naheen" pustak mein likhaa haye. ack pontian yunani, saino hello ney yaad kiya kii unake pitaa aur daadaa koo shram bataliyanon mein leey jaaya gayaa thaa jaba vaha ack chhoti ladki thee. usake pitaa bhaag gaye aur parivaar key paas laut aae, lekin usake daadaa kabhi ghar naheen aae.
chitran.
yunani upanyaskar alias venezis ney baad mein apani rachana "sankhya 31328: gulami kii pustak" () mein sthiti kaa varnan kiya. unake vivaran key anusaar, veneziyon kii shram brigade mein "anivarya" 3000 mein seey kewal 23 butch paae.
laila nezi ney 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein angora/ankara key yahudi samudaay key sadasya yaar pekar kii diarry kaa ack adhyayan prakaashit kiya haye, jinhen dou baar shram bataliyanon mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa, pahale greco-turkey yuddh (1919-1922) key dauran aur phir dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, ack yuddh jisamen turkey ney bhaag naheen liya thaa. yahudi samajik adhyayan dwara prakaashit pucker kii diarry key aadhar parr neezee kaa pepper inn bataliyanon kii sthitiyon key liye ack samagr tasveer prastut kartaa haye, joe poori tarah seey gair-musalmaanon seey bunny theen.

