
saine miguel dee gwaldep

saine miguel dee gualdep (kabhi-kabhi saine miguel dee guadalupe) vartamaan key georgetown county, dakshin carolina mein ack poorv spanish coloney haye, jisaki sthaapana 1526 mein lucas wazquays dee alone dwara kii gaee thee. yeh mahadvipiya sanyukt raajya america mein pahali europeeya basti thee, aur mexico key uttar mein uttari america mein teesari thee.
dee alone ney ack maheene key liye vinyah khaadi mein apani pahali coloney sthaapit kii, phir vartamaan macintosh county, georgia mein sapello nadee key muhaane mein chaley gaye, jahan coloney dou maheene taka chully, isase pahale kii yeh bimari, bhookh, ack gulam vidroh seey abhibhoot thee, aur ack mool americi aabaadi ney aakramankari upaniveshvadiyon key prati shatrutapurna tareeke seey pratikriya vyakt kii, jinake pahale key scouts ney saikadon mool amerikiyon koo gulam banaa liya thaa aur unhein santo domingo mein leey gaye they. 600 rahane vaale basane vaalon mein seey kewal 150 hii jaane key liye jeevit rahey.
basane vaalon dwara laae gaye african gulam pahale pralekhit kaale gulam bunn gaye joe mahadvipiya sanyukt raajya bunn gaye aur vahaan pahala gulam vidroh kiya.
khoj aur anveshan.
lucas wazquays dee eilon apane praant mein ack ameer cheeni bagan malik aur ack aupaniveshik shaahi appeal adalat, vaastavik audiencia key magistrate they. 1521 mein unhone francisco gordillo koo gulam key roop mein logon kaa apaharan karane key liye bahamas key liye ack abhiyaan parr bheja. dweepon koo poori tarah seey aabaadi seey vanchit paate hue, gordillo aur ack anya daas jahaaj joe pedro dee quexos dwara sanchaalit thaa, usa bhoomi kii khoj mein uttar-paschim kii or ravaana huaa joe pichhale daas abhiyaan ney usa disha mein paaee thee. 24 juuna, 1521 koo, way vartamaan dakshin carolina key tata parr vinyah khaadi mein pahunche. iss kshetra kii kuchh praarambhik khoj key baad, unhone sattar bhaartiyon kaa apaharan curr liya aur unhein vaapas apane panola mein leey aae. unake panola mein adhikaariyon ney iss kabja kii aalochana kii, lekin kharch key kaaran unhein vaapas naheen bheja. apaharankartaon parr koee dund naheen lagaaya gayaa thaa. bandee nagar mein mrit jaanvaron koo khurchaate they; adhikansh marr gaye, aur anya taba nivaasiyon key beach vibhajit hoe gaye.
jaba way unake panola mein laute, tou gordillo aur kyujo ney usa bhoomi kii chamakati report vaapas laa dee joe unhein millie thee. unhone kahaa kii isake liye sainya vijay kii aavashyakta naheen hogi aur ack baar basane key baad yeh kshetra ack samriddh aur samriddh upanivesh bunn jaayega. eilon spasht roop seey inn reports seey prerit thaa aur jald hii spanish taaj koo iss kshetra kaa pataa lagaane aur basane kii anumati kaa anurodh karate hue likhaa. usee varsh baad mein unhone "audensia" key liye vyaapaar parr spen kii yatra kii, lekin naee bhoomi key liye vyaktigat roop seey apana mamla dabaane key avsar kaa bhee upayog kiya.
eilan apane saath pakade gaye bhaartiyon mein seey ack koo leey gayaa, jise haal hii mein francisco dee chikora key roop mein bapatisma diyaa gayaa thaa aur baad mein usane spanish key liye anuvaadak key roop mein kaam kiya. "chikora" francisco kii matribhoomi, shakori yaa vacamo key liye spanish naam thaa, joe iss kshetra mein kaee siuan bhashi kshetron mein seey ack thaa, joe duhe key mukhya dathaa key adheen thaa. spen mein way darbar key itihaaskaar, peater shaheed seey mille, jinake saath francisco ney apane logon aur matribhoomi key baare mein aur padosi praanton key baare mein vistaar seey baat kii. francisco ney duaahe key logon koo "safed" aur "oonchi aidee key baal sunhare" key roop mein varnit kiya, aur dathaa naamak ack vishal bhaaratiya raajaa key baare mein bataaya, joe diggajon kii ack jaati parr shasson kartaa thaa. unhone purushon kii ack poorv jaati kii kahani bhee sunai, joe lambi poonchh vikasit karate they aur kewal ack vishisht prakaar kii machhali khaate they. shayed spanish key liye sabse dilchasp, unhone apane darshakon koo ashvasana diyaa kii motee aur anya moolyavaan ratna iss kshetra mein paae jaa sakate hain.
12 juuna, 1523 koo, aylon ney charles banaam aur indies kii parishad seey ack "sedula" yaa shaahi patent praapt kiya, jisase vaha purvi samudra tata parr ack basti sthaapit curr sakey aur sthaaniya mool nivaasiyon key saath vyaapaar curr sakey. vaha jeevan bhar key liye rajyapal honge aur "alguasil meyer" (uchch sheriff) kii upaadhi unake aur unake uttaradhikariyon key paas hamesha key liye hogi. inn aur kaee anya visheshadhikaron key badale mein, eilon koo iss kshetra kii adhik vistrit khoj karane, mission, church aur ack franciscan mathh sthaapit karane kii aavashyakta thee taaki mool aabaadi key aage key roopaantaran key liye, aur usey ack encomienda yaa bhaaratiya shram koo majboor karane key anya sadhanon koo lagu karane seey roque diyaa gayaa thaa.
apane anubandh key anusaar, eilan ney dou carvell aur lagbhag saath chaalak dall key sadasyon seey yukt ack khoj yatra kaa netritva karane key liye kyujo koo kaam parr rakhaa. way aprail 1525 kii shuruat mein samudra tata key 200 leag (640 samudri meal) kaa pataa lagaane, aavashyak bearing aur dhwaniyon koo record karane, charles vee key naam vaale patthar key markers koo khadaa karane aur bhavishya kii yaatraon key liye maargdarshak aur dubhashiyon key roop mein kaam karane vaale bhaartiyon koo praapt karane key nirdeshon key saath ravaana hue. unhone 3 maee, 1525 koo sambhavatah sawana nadee parr apana pahala bhuskhalan kiya. vahaan seey way 1521 mein apane mool avataran sthal vinyah khaadi taka pahunchane taka uttar mein jaari rahey. yeh spasht naheen haye kii uttar kyujo ney kitna aage yatra kii, sambhavatah chesepec khaadi taka, lekin unhone dekhaa kii vinyah khaadi seey parey tata jyaadaatar rait key tealey aur pine jhaadiyan theen. abhiyaan julaai, 1525 mein ghar laut aaya.
niptan aur viphalata.
kyujo kii vaapsee ney khud eilan key netritva mein basti kii yatra key liye sakriya taiyari kii shuruat koo chihnit kiya. unhone apana kaafee paisa kharch kiya aur abhiyaan koo taiyar karane key liye khud koo curge mein bhee daal diyaa. lagbhag 600-700 yaatriyon aur chaalak dall koo leey jaane vaale chhah jahaajon key bede koo ikattha kiya gayaa thaa. basane vaalon mein kuchh mahilaaen, bachche aur african gulam shamil they. dou dominican bhikshuon, antonio dee montesinos aur antonio dee survantes koo basane vaalon aur mool nivaasiyon donon key liye mantri key roop mein laaya gayaa thaa. montesino koo bhaaratiya logon kii gulami aur durvyavahar key mukhar virodh key liye unake panol mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. gaay, bhed, suar aur sou ghodon sahit aapoorti aur pashudhan koo bharaa gayaa aur 1526 key madhya julaai mein bedaa ravaana hoe gayaa.
9 agast, 1526 koo badey upanivesh samooh vinyah khaadi mein utare aur unhein apane pahale mahatvapurna jhatake kaa saamana karna padaa jaba unakaa pramukh, "capitana", ack rait kii patti seey takaraaya aur doob gayaa. jaanmaal kaa koee nuksan naheen huaa thaa, lekin unaki aapoorti kaa ack badaa hissa barbad hoe gayaa thaa. isake alawa, francisco dee chikora aur anya bhaaratiya dubhashiyon aur guides key roop mein saath laae gaye, pahale kuchh dinon mein bede koo chhod diyaa aur jangal mein bhaag gaye. eilan ney ack pratisthaapan pott, "laa gawra", kaa nirmaan karane kaa adesh diyaa, joe shayed europeeya shally kii naav nirmaan kaa sabse pahala udaaharan haye joe abb sanyukt raajya america haye.
unhone paas key pawli dweep parr ack basti sthaapit karane key liye ack upayukt sthaan kii talash kii, lekin mitty kharaab thee aur ack viral bhaaratiya aabaadi ney laabhdaayak vyaapaar key liye bahut cumm mauka diyaa. behtar avsaron kii vyaapak khoj mein kaee tohi dalon koo bheja gayaa thaa. unaki reports key aadhar parr, eilan ney lagbhag 200 meal dakshin mein ack "shaktishali nadee" kii or badhane kaa faisala kiya, shayed vartamaan georgia mein sapello dhwani. sitambar kii shuruat mein, saksham purush ghode parr savaar hocker nae sthal parr pahunche, jabaki baaki jahaaj seey yatra karate they. jaba way sapello dhwani taka pahunche, tou unhone turant ack durgam basti banaane key liye gharon aur ack church kaa nirmaan karna shuru curr diyaa.
29 sitambar, 1526 koo, sent key parv key paalan mein basti kaa naam saine miguel dee gwaldep rakhaa gayaa thaa. michael pradhaan doot. gualdep sambhavatah sthaaniya gual janjaati kaa sandarbh thaa, joe ack pramukh raajya thaa joe mississippi sanskriti kaa hissa thaa. coloney kii sthiti, joe pahale seey hii dair seey shuru honey aur unake pramukh key nuksan seey baadhit thee, jaldi hii badatar hoe gaee. basane vaale bhookh, sardi, bimari aur shatrutapurna mool nivaasiyon seey peedit they. fasal lagaane key liye mausam mein bahut dair hoe chuki thee aur khel durlabh thaa. aspas key paani mein machhaliyan bharee hui theen lekin basane vaale bahut beemar they yaa machhali pakadane key liye taiyar naheen they. uthale jall star aur chhidrapurna mitty ney unake kuon koo maanav aur pashu apashisht seey dooshit karna aasaan banaa diyaa hoga. roga bahut adhik thaa, vishesh roop seey pechish yaa anya jall janit beemaariyaan. eilan ney bhaartiyon key saath vyaapaar karke apane khaadya bhandaron koo poorak banaane kii ummeed kii thee; haalaanki, mool nivasi sahaayata pradaan karane mein asamarth yaa anichhuk they. sub kuchh key alawa, mausam bemausam thandaa hoe gayaa, jisase basane vaalon kii durdasha aur asantosh badh gayaa.
marane vaalon kii sankhya teji seey badh gaee aur 18 octuber, 1526 koo alone kii khud mrityu hoe gaee. kaptan francisco gomez coloney key netaa bunn gaye; vaha aur anya parishad key sadasya rehna chaahte they aur apane panol seey punah aapoorti key liye intezar karna chaahte they. ack anya gutt, jiska netritva jins donsell aur unake leftinent, pedro dee baazaan ney kiya, ney vaapsee key liye dabaav daala. eilon kii mrityu key ack saptah key bheetar, donsell aur sashastr samarthakon key ack samooh ney gomez aur anya netaaon koo giraftar curr liya aur unhein donsell key ghar mein bund curr diyaa. usee samay, basane vaalon key ack anya samooh ney bhojan aur anya sahaayata kii maang karate hue khud koo ack sthaaniya bhaaratiya gaanv mein majboor curr diyaa. gaanv ney virodh kiya aur basane vaalon koo maar diyaa gayaa. iss ghatana ney sthaaniya bhaartiyon key liye ack mahatvapurna modd diyaa aur spanioreds key khilaf aur shatruta koo uksaayaa.
donsell una logon koo khatm karane key liye dridh thaa joe abhee bhee unakaa virodh curr rahey they. ack raat vaha aur baazaan apane dou sabse mukhar virodhiyon koo maarne key liye nickle padey. aspasht karanon seey, kuchh african daason ney usee raat usake ghar mein aag lagaa dee. aaney vaale bhram mein, gomez aur anya shahar key netaaon koo mukt curr diyaa gayaa, baazaan koo ghaatak roop seey ghayal curr diyaa gayaa aur anya vidrohiyon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa. taba taka, jeevit upaniveshvaadi sahmat hoe gaye kii yeh coloney koo khaali karane aur unake panola mein lautane kaa samay thaa. octuber key anta taka way apane jahaajon parr savaar hoe rahey they aur navambar key madhya taka sabhi basane vaale saine miguel dee gwaldep chhod chuke they.
kharaab mausam aur bhojan aur paani kii kamee ney ghar kii yatra koo behad kathin banaa diyaa. jahaaj alag hoe gaye aur naukaayan kaa samay hafton seey maheenon taka bhinn thaa. kaee yatri jamey hue they aur ack jahaaj ney narbhakshan kii ghatana kaa anubhav kiya. julaai mein abhiyaan shuru karane vaale 600 logon mein seey kewal 150 jeevit ghar laut aae.
sthaan.
vidvaanon ney saine miguel dee gwaldep coloney key sthaan parr vivaad kiya haye, kyonki abhiyaan mein yeh naheen bataaya gayaa thaa kii way vinya khaadi seey kiss disha mein gaye they. kuchh itihaskaron ney daavaa kiya haye kii eilan uttar mein chalaa gayaa, joe chesepec khaadi taka pahunch gayaa. 1609 mein angreji gatividhiyon key liye chesepec khaadi kii khoj karane vaale spaniards key mukhya pilot francisco fernandez dee esija ney daavaa kiya kii 1526 mein eilan james nadee parr kaheen utaraa thaa, jahaan baad mein gemstowne vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. echija ney yeh bhee daavaa kiya kii vinyah khaadi key mool nivaasiyon ney usey bataaya thaa kii uttar mein 4 dinon kaa ack shahar dacks (duaahe) haye.
21veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey, kuchh americi vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii eilan ney shayed 1526 mein vartamaan georgia key sapello dweep parr yaa usake paas basti vikasit kii thee. unakaa maanana haye kii vidvaanon kii atkalon seey pataa chalata haye kii saine myguel basti ("tiera dee alone") kii sthaapana uttar kii or kissy bhee door mein kii gaee thee, isaki pushti naheen kii jaa sakati haye. iss sthal kaa pataa lagaane key puraataatvik prayaas abb taka asafal rahey hain. peck kaa maanana haye kii yeh sawana nadee key muhaane parr thaa, jise paar karna bhoomi dall key liye sapello taka pahunchane mein mushkil hotaa.
viraasat.
saine miguel dee gwaldep mein viphalata key baad, spaniards ney nishkarsh nikala kii eilon ney thhande mausam yaa adhik aakramak bhaaratiya aabaadi key liye thheek seey taiyari naheen kii thee. kaee logon ney mahsoos kiya kii iss kshetra mein abhee bhee vaadaa haye lekin bhavishya kii safalata key liye sainya netritva aur samarthan kii aavashyakta hogi. iss kshetra kaa pataa lagaane key agale prayaas kaa netritva hernando dee soto ney kiya aur unake abhiyaan ney iss vishvaas koo pratibimbit kiya kii ack adhik sainya drishtikon kii aavashyakta thee.
gulami aur vidroh.
eilon key saath rahane vaale 600 basane vaalon mein ack agyaat sankhya mein african gulam shamil they. abhiyaan key samkaaleen itihaaskaar gonzalo fernandez dee ovido vaaee valdes kaa kahana haye kii kewal kuchh "kaale logon koo gulam banaakar saath laaya gayaa thaa. itihaaskaar paul hoffman sochate hain kii way shayed gharelu sevak yaa karigar they aur haath naheen. octuber mein, basti mein gulamon key ack samooh ney coloney key netritva key khilaf vidroh key netaa, wine donsell key ghar mein aag lagaa dee. koee vivaran gyaat naheen haye; kewal yeh tippani karate hue kii gulamon key paas iss kaarravaai key liye "unake kaaran they". iss bhram mein, donsell aur usake saathi-vidrohiyon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa. aagajani karane vaalon key saath kyaa huaa, iska koee sanket naheen haye. yeh kahaa gayaa haye kii way mool amerikiyon key saath rahane key liye bhaag gaye, lekin yeh kahane vaalaa koee samkaaleen vivaran naheen haye kii gulam african bhaag gaye. iss prakaran mein, jisamen gulam logon ney vidrohiyon key khilaf sthaapit sarkaar kaa samarthan kiya, mukhya bhoomi uttari america mein pahala gulam vidroh maanaa jaataa haye.
pahala catholic dravyamaan.
dominican fryers aff. aar. montesinos aur aff. aar. anthany dee survantes saine miguel dee gwaldep mein upaniveshvadiyon mein seey they. way pratyek dinn saamoohik roop seey manaate, jisase yeh vartamaan sanyukt raajya mein pahala sthaan bunn jaataa jisamen saamoohik roop seey manaaya jaataa thaa. ghatana kaa vishisht sthaan aur tithi gyaat naheen haye.

