
desh key anusaar chandrama

 
chaand. yeh shabd aamtaur parr chhote paimaane key utpaadan parr lagu hotaa haye, joe aksar kaee deshon mein avaidh yaa kaskar viniyamit hotaa haye, usee crum mein joe udaaharan key liye bhojan banaana haye.
paaramparik chandrama/peya padarthon kii soochi.
yeh vibhinn deshon mein utpaadit chandrama kii ack varnanukram soochi haye. bathtub jinn shabd aitihaasik karanon seey shaukiya paristhitiyon mein banaai gaee ghar kii banaai gaee bhavna kii kissy bhee shally koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. neeche dee gaee soochi mein kuchh aasut peya swaad vaale hain, aur kuchh rashtriya sharaab bhee hain.
deshon.
afghanistan.
jarbali ack aasut maadak peya haye joe maanaa jaataa haye kii kinvit kishmish seey banaaya jaataa haye.
albania.
albania mein, moonshine (raaki) dainik aadhar parr sevan kiya jaane vaalaa praathamik maadak peya haye. yeh vibhinn falon, aamtaur parr angur, lekin plum, seb, blackberry, cornelion cherry, strawberry key pedh, shahatoot, persiman, anjir, juniparas aur akhrot seey bhee banaaya jaataa haye.
armenia.
chandrama kaa armenian naam "ogi" haye. armenia mein "ogi" kaa utpaadan vyaapak haye. safed shahatoot, angur, cornellion cherry, bair aur khubani kii moong vishesh roop seey graameen ilaakon mein lokpriya hain.
arabi shabd "arak" (arak) sanskrit shabd ark seey liya gayaa haye, jiska arth haye "aasavan".
australia.
sharaab key aasavan key liye australia mein utpaad shulk licenses kii aavashyakta hoti haye. aasavan key liye vishisht yeast, swaad aur anya samagri sahit still aur anya aasavan upkaranon kii bikri kanuni haye.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, itali seey badey paimaane parr aapravaasan huaa, jisamen kaee apravasi baagon aur angooron key saath sinchai kshetron mein buss gaye. kaee apravasiyon ney apane upayog key liye sharaab banaai, joe poori tarah seey kanuni thee. haalaanki, unamen seey kuchh ney ghar mein baney grepa koo aasavan karane key liye bache hue angur kii khaal, beej aur tanon koo ikattha kiya aur kinvit kiya. lakadi key beejon aur tanon key kaaran, kachchi sharaab mein paryaapt methanol hotaa thaa; aur kabhi-kabhi badee partiyon mein, aasavankartaon dwara jahar kii kabhi-kabhi ghatanaaen hoti theen, jinake chandrama mein bahut adhik methanol hotaa thaa.
iss prakaar, vyaapak mauton kaa matlab haye kii baad kii peedhiyon key saath ghar-aasavan bahut cumm hoe gayaa haye, aur krishi samekan aur pratha koo avaidh honey kaa kaaran banaa haye.
benin.
ack vishisht paschimi african aatma, sodabi taad kii sharaab koo aasavan seey praapt ack taad kii sharaab haye. sodabi shabd isake benny aavishkaarak key naam seey aaya haye, jinhone beesavin shatabdi kii shuruat mein europeeya logon seey aasavan takneeken seekhi theen.
brazil.
brazil mein ghar parr aasavan karane kii ack lambi parampara haye, vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein. kaarigaron kii sharaab (vishesh roop seey chhote kheton mein banaai gaee kachaka) achchi gunavatta kii hoti haye aur sangrahakartaon dwara moolyavaan hoti haye.
ack roop jise moonshine key roop mein yogya banaaya jaa sakata haye, usey "(" pagal mairi ") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh kaidiyon dwara jailon mein banaaya gayaa ack agwardent haye. ise kaee anaaj seey banaaya jaa sakata haye, jisamen same seey laker chawal taka yaa joe kuchh bhee sharaab mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye, chaahe vaha falon key chhilakon yaa candy hoe, tatkalik aur avaidh upkaranon kaa upayog karke.
bulgaria.
bulgaria mein rashtriya bhavna koo "rakia" (rakia) kahaa jaataa haye. yeh aamtaur parr angur seey banaaya jaataa haye, lekin anya falon kaa bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii bair (slivova), khubani, seb, nashpati, raspberry yaa aadoo. sharaab key saath bulgaria mein rakiya sabse lokpriya peya haye. sharaab kii tarah, yeh aksar graminon dwara yaa tou samudaay key swaamitva (saarvajanik) mein yaa ghar parr saral upkaranon mein utpaadit kiya jaataa haye. ghar mein baney ravaiya koo karkhanon mein baney ravaiya kii tulanaa mein behtar gunavatta aur "surakshit" maanaa jaataa haye, kyonki 1990 key dashak key dauran, kaee nakali utpaad bikri parr they. parampara key anusaar, gharelu upayog key liye ack nishchit raashi key rakiya koo aasavan karna karon seey mukt rhaa haye. 2007 mein europeeya sangh mein bulgaria key shamil honey key sambandh mein, ghar mein bunny aatmaon parr curr badhaane key sarkari nirnay they. isake kaaran 2006 key anta aur 2007 kii shuruat mein virodh pradarshan hue. sthaaniya paramparaon key sambandh mein, iss baat kaa bahut cumm jokhim haye kii nirmaataon koo vaastav mein nae karon kaa bhugtan karna hoga. bulgarian parampara mein, rakia peene key saath chhote vyanjan (jise mez [meze] kahaa jaataa haye), aamtaur parr kissy prakaar kaa salad, jaise.jee., shopca salad. lock aushadhi key roop mein bhee rakia key kaee upayog hain.
barma.
barma (miyanmar) mein chandrama key kaee roop hain. haalaanki yeh avaidh haye, lekin desh key graameen kshetron mein sharaab key bajar mein chandrama kii adhikansh hissedari haye. graameen ilaakon mein, moonshine sharaab key bajar koo saajha kartaa haye jise kuchh loga paam wine kahate hain.
cameroon.
arki odongtol yaa amphopho cameroon mein chandrama kii sabse aam kism haye. isamen 80 pratishat sharaab kii matra hoti haye.
kanada.
kanada mein ghar mein bunny sharaab key liye aam naam chamak (french mein bagos) yaa scritch (joe aamtaur parr whisky key bajaay rumm koo sandarbhit kartaa haye) hain; manitoba mein, ghar-bru shabd bhee aam haye. dou kanuni utpaad jinhen chamak yaa scrick key roop mein vipanan kiya jaataa haye, way hain asankhya drishya karigar aasavan jaldamroomadhya chamak aur newfoundland scrick.
cape verde.
grogue, jise grogu yaa grogo key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye (angreji grogg seey vyutpann), ack cape verden maadak peya haye, joe ganne seey banaa ack aguardant haye. iska utpaadan mool roop seey kaarigaron dwara kiya jaataa haye, aur lagbhag sabhi ganne kaa upayog garooj key utpaadan mein kiya jaataa haye. bent koo ack press mein sansaadhit kiya jaataa haye jise trapiche key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
grogg ack cape verden cocktail kaa aadhar haye jise ponche (angreji shabd "punch" seey liya gayaa haye) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen choone aur sheera bhee shamil hain, joe madira dweep key ponche key barabar hain.
grogg aur ganna utpaadan mukhya roop seey santo antio (vishesh roop seey ribera doo paul aur ribera daa cruze) aur santiago mein paaya jaataa haye.
grogg kaa upayog aushadhiya taiyari key liye ack aadhar key roop mein bhee kiya jaataa haye, jisamen samanya ruu, rosemary yaa annies jaisi jadee-bootiyon koo jodaa jaataa haye. persubs (huns gardan key barnacle) key saath ack grogg taiyar kiya jaataa haye.
grogg koo ack puraane paaramparik tareeke seey banaaya jaataa haye aur iss vajah seey bajar mein bahut saare alag-alag guna hain. kaabo verde kii sarkaar abb europeeya baajaron mein grogue pesh karane key liye ack europeeya company key saath vyast haye. yeh 'grogue adhikaari' naam seey sarvottam gunavatta kaa poori tarah seey niyantrit grogg hoga.[2]
columbia.
columbia mein chandrama koo "tapetsa" yaa "chirinchi" kahaa jaataa haye aur yeh avaidh haye. haalaanki, yeh kuchh kshetron mein kaafee lokpriya haye aur saikadon varshon seey paaramparik rhaa haye. tapetsa kii laagat bhaari curr vaale kanuni maadak peya padarthon kaa ack ansh haye. europeeya logon key aaney seey pahale adiwasi sharaab kaa apana sanskaran "chicha" banaate they. chicha aamtaur parr makai seey banaa hotaa haye, jise chabaaya jaataa haye aur mitty key paatr mein thook diyaa jaataa haye jise phir kuchh samay (saptah) key liye dafnaya jaataa haye. baad vaalaa ack vishesh prakaar kaa maadak peya haye, aur chilly key bhaartiyon (mapuches) dwara banaae gaye samaan haye, lekin chilly mein chicha kaa ack kanuni sanskaran, kinvit seb seey banaa, sitambar mein becha jaataa haye. carribean tata parr "kokocho" naamak ack chandrama haye, joe methanol key judane key kaaran andhepan key mamalon kii sankhya key liye kukhyaat haye.
columbia key carribean tata parr, veyu janjaati sthaaniya upbhog aur paryatakon key saath vyaapaar key liye "chirinche" kaa utpaadan karati haye. chirinche bahut majboot hotaa haye, aur aksar ack gambhir hangover paida kartaa haye.
costa rica.
costa rica mein ise "gwaro dee contrabando" kahaa jaataa haye, jiska arth haye "avaidh sharaab". ise "chirait" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ise "manjana dee agua" (malay (gulab) seb) seey laker ananas taka kissy bhee prakaar key kinvit phal seey banaaya jaa sakata haye.
croatia.
croatia mein parampara bosnia key samaan haye, aur ise "rakija" bhee kahaa jaataa haye aur yeh vibhinn falon seey banaa hotaa haye. pratyek phal kii apani gunavatta hoti haye. rakija" key utpaadan key liye sabse aam phal bair haye, kyonki isaki uchch pratishat phal cheeni audyogik cheeni seey behtar honey chaahiye, kyonki antim utpaad mein koee methanol naheen honah chaahiye. ise sharaab aur angur seey bhee banaaya jaa sakata haye, jaba ise "lojova" kahaa jaataa haye. croatia key kuchh hisson mein jadee-bootiyon koo "lojova" mein daala jaataa haye, jise way "traverica" kahate hain aur kahaa jaataa haye kii yeh pett dard aur vibhinn beemariyon koo thheek curr sakata haye. iss tarah kaa brandy utpaadan croatian sanskriti mein bahut aam haye aur 1 julaai 2013 koo croatia key europeeya sangh mein pravesh seey pahale poori tarah seey kanuni thaa jaba kuchh pratibandh lagaae gaye they.
cuba.
cuba mein, "gwalfarina" yaa "gwalfara" ack prakaar kaa chandrama haye joe avaidh roop seey gharon mein banaaya jaataa haye. gualfarina key utpaadan mein, adhikansh loga ghaavon aadi koo thheek karane key liye aspatalon mein upayog kii jaane vaali usee sharaab kaa upayog karate hain. gualfarina" shabd koo kaee logon dwara warfarina (angreji mein warfreen) shabd seey aaney key liye socha jaataa haye, joe ack anticoagulant haye.
cyprus.
cyprus mein, ack paaramparik peya koo jivania key roop mein jaane jaane vaale angooron koo aasavan seey banaaya jaataa haye.
cheshia.
mukhya check sharaab paaramparik roop seey plum aasavan seey banaai jaati haye aur ise khubani seey baney 'slivovis' (uchchaaran 'slivovitz'), yaa 'merunkovis' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. paaramparik roop seey garrage aur tehkhaanon mein utpaadit, aajkal yeh visheshagya aasavan yantron dwara bhee utpaadit kiya jaataa haye. yeh vishesh roop seey moravia key kshetra mein paaya jaataa haye aur shadiyon sahit samarohon mein lokpriya haye. check aasavan vikreta aapke liye apane falon key mishran koo aasavan karane key liye bhee ack seva pradaan karate hain, lekin way karon key oopar bhaari shulk lete hain. iss prakaar kii sharaab key liye check shabd "pelenka" haye."
kango kaa loktaantrik ganarajya.
ghar mein bunny makai yaa kasawa adharit whisky koo dow. aar. see. mein "lotoko" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
lotoko aamtaur parr makke seey banaaya jaataa haye, lekin kabhi-kabhi kasawa yaa kele seey banaaya jaataa haye. makai key siron koo katkar ack maish mein ubla jaataa haye jise phir kinvit kiya jaataa haye aur cutt-down tail drum seey baney tatkalik sthir kaa upayog karke aasut kiya jaataa haye. makai key cobs key lakadi key mool key kaaran, utpaadit sharaab mein methanol kaa uchch star hotaa haye joe vishaakt hotaa haye.
haalaanki yeh aadhikarik taur parr pratibandhit haye, kyonki isaki uchch sharaab samagri (50 pratishat seey adhik), iska utpaadan kango key loktaantrik ganarajya mein vyaapak haye.
kasawa yaa kele seey baney lotoko mein samaan methanol jokhim kaa abhaav hotaa haye.
denmark.
denmark mein, chandrama koo "hazemebrand" (shaabdik roop seey) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.: "ghar jalaa", vaha ghar aasut haye). denmark mein 14 pratishat seey adhik spirit key nirmaan key liye utpaad shulk licenses kii aavashyakta hoti haye. bhooton key avaidh nirmaan key liye jurmana ack badaa jurmana yaa jail haye aur bhoot banaane key upkaran koo jabt kiya jaataa haye. yahaan taka kii chandrama key chamakane vaale upkaranon kaa kabja yaa nirmaan bhee ack aaparaadhik kaary haye. spirit aasavan key liye upayog kiye jaa sakane vaale kissy bhee upkaran key ayaat kii soochana adhikaariyon koo dee jaani chaahiye.
dominican ganarajya.
dominican ganarajya mein, haiti key saath seema key paas key shaharon mein moonshine koo "claren" aur purvi shaharon mein "pitrinche" kahaa jaataa haye. yeh cheeni yaa kinvit ganna seey banaaya jaataa haye. iska utpaadan avaidh haye lekin kaanoon shayed hii kabhi lagu kiya jaataa haye. ack anya roop haye "barrent", jise yaa tou makai (joe sabse aam haye), chawal, tarbooj, ananas yaa gehuun seey kinvit kiya jaataa haye.
ecudor.
aquador mein, moonshine koo aksar ganne seey aasut kiya jaataa haye, aur ise "puro" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, jise shuddh key liye spanish, yaa spanish kriya "tragger" seey "trago", nigalane key liye kahaa jaataa haye. kuchh loga ise "pantas" (yuktiyaan) key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain, ise "fuert" yaa majboot key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. ise aksar falon key saath kaanch key paatron mein rakhaa jaataa haye. ack lokpriya taiyari sharaab koo ganna key russ aur nimbu key russ key saath milaati haye.
isake alawa, bolivar praant ack, aamtaur parr annice swaad vaali, sharaab key liye prasiddh haye jise "pajaaro azul" (neela pakshi) kahaa jaataa haye joe "puro" key samaan haye.
ingland.
ingland mein, kissy bhee tarah seey spirit key nirmaan key liye ack utpaad shulk licenses kii aavashyakta hoti haye. moonshine" (avaidh roop seey nirmit aatmaon) key liye jurmana £1,000 taka kaa jurmana haye aur aatma banaane key upkaran koo jabt kiya jaataa haye.
astonia.
astonia mein moonshine koo "puskar", "samgon", "samaka" yaa "metsakohin" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye aur aamtaur parr aaloo yaa raaee seey banaaya jaataa haye.
finland.
finish moonshine, "pontica", ghar mein banaa vodka haye, joe aamtaur parr kissy bhee kinvit carbohydrate, sabse aam taur parr anaaj, cheeni yaa aaloo seey banaaya jaataa haye, jise kilju mein banaaya jaataa haye aur aadarsh roop seey teen baar aasut kiya jaataa haye ("colmasty kirkastu"). aisaa kahaa jaataa haye kii pontakka kaa naam pontack seey kharaab gunavatta vaali french wine key kaaran aaya thaa. anya naam hain "ponu" (pontica kaa ack sankshipt naam), "ponanta" ("bonanza" parr ack shlesh), "kotipoltoin" (ghar mein jalane vaalaa), "tulilimi" (aag kii chutney), "korpiroju" (jangli lakadi kaa kachra), yaa "corpicussen kinelet" (jangli lakadi key spruce key aansuu) kyonki sthir chitra aksar dooradraj key sthaanon mein sthit hotey hain. finland swedish mein, sabse aam shabd "mosha" haye, joe angreji "moonshine" seey liya gayaa haye, kyonki iss shabd kaa upayog pahali baar una pravasiyon dwara kiya gayaa thaa joe america seey ghar laute they. 1866 mein ghar aasavan nishiddh thaa, lekin phir bhee iska vyaapak roop seey abhyaas kiya jaataa thaa. aaee. dee. 1. mein finland mein pratibandh seey chandrama parr chamakane koo badhaava milaa, lekin bhale hii sharaab koo vaidh banaa diyaa gayaa thaa, phir bhee usa parr uchch utpaad shulk lagaae gaye they aur vibhinn pratibandh lagu they. haalaanki, haal key varshon mein, graameen finland key sanrachanaatmak parivartan, europeeya sangh kii sadasyata key kaaran finish sharaab kii rajneeti mein parivartan, jeevan star mein vriddhi aur sastee kanuni sharaab kii upalabdhata, utpaad shulk koo cumm karane aur astonia seey vishisht ayaat pratibandhon key unmoolan key kaaran, pontica koo ack durlabhata banaa diyaa haye, aur ise abb ack gambhir neetigat mudda naheen maanaa jaataa haye.
binaa licenses vaale chandrama koo chamkana takniki roop seey finland mein avaidh haye, lekin ise aksar ack chunauti yaa shauk maanaa jaataa haye. vyavhaar mein abhiyojan tabhi hotaa haye jaba adhikaariyon koo pataa chalata haye kii utpaad becha jaa rhaa haye. adhikansh finish moonshinner saral pott still aur flashes aasavan kaa upayog karate hain. kuchh ney aanshik aasavan key liye parishkrit reflux yaa rock still kaa nirmaan kiya haye, jisamen plate collum yaa paik collum hotey hain, jisamen raschig ring, kuchale hue kaanch, nuts, kaanch key chharron yaa steel key oona key reflux bharane vaale ghatak hotey hain. kyte kaa shahar sabse prasiddh finish "moonshine-city" haye. halanki paribhasha key anusaar avaidh, usee prakriya dwara utpaadit peya kanuni roop seey upalabdh hainh "kytin kirkus" ("kytis clear") naamak vodka kaa ack brand vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh haye aur helsinki aasavan company "see-buckthorn pontica" kaa bhee utpaadan karati haye.
france.
"eo dee vee," "gnolle", "gaute", "lambic", "thheek", yaa adhik samanya roop seey una falon kaa saral naam jinase way aasut kiye gaye they-"" poyer "" ("" nashpati ""), "" prune "" ("" plum ""), "" mirabel "" ("" mirabel "")-majboot alcohol kii baat karane key liye french mein vibhinn prakaar key shabd hain, joe unhein banaane key liye upalabdh vyanjanon aur avayavon kii vistrit vividhata koo bhee darshaate hain.  praanton key aadhar parr majboot sthaaniya paramparaaen hainh "lambic" yaa "calvados" koo britney aur normandy mein sider seey aasut kiya jaataa haye, "mirabel", "prune" aur "kirsh" mukhya roop seey poorv mein utpaadit hotey hain (alses, lorren, bergogne, shampen), aur harr sharaab utpaadak kshetra mein, kuchh hudd taka, brandy banaane kii parampara haye, joe sabse prasiddh cogneck aur armagnac haye.
1950 key dashak key anta taka france mein binaa licenses vaale chandrama koo bardasht kiya gayaa thaa. 1959 seey adhikaar koo abb vanshajon koo hastaantarit naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, aur kewal kuchh hii "abhee bhee apane adhikaar kaa prayog curr rahey hain. panjikrit phal key bageeche yaa daakh kii baari key malik honey seey abhee bhee utpaadan aasut karane kaa adhikaar milata haye, lekin abb yeh muft naheen haye, aur ack licenses praapt asutshala kaa upayog kiya jaanaa chaahiye. pahale 10 leater key liye shuddh sharaab kaa utpaad shulk € 7.5 prati leater aur usa seema seey oopar € 14.50 prati leater haye.
georgia.
georgia mein paaramparik angur key chandrama koo chaacha kahaa jaataa haye. haal hii mein, aadhunik aasavan aur umr badhane kii takneek key saath, chaacha koo "georgian brandy" yaa "georgian vodka" key roop mein badhaava diyaa gayaa haye, aur isaki tulanaa grappa seey kii jaati haye.
germany.
germany mein, chandrama koo "schwarzgebranter" kahaa jaataa haye. iss shabd kaa anuvaad aksar "kaalaa jalaa diyaa gayaa" kiya jaataa haye kyonki "schwarz" shabd kaa arth kaalaa haye, lekin iss mamle mein "schwarz" kaa arth avaidh haye (jaisa kii kaale bajar mein). ack adhik sateek anuvaad "avaidh roop seey aasut sharaab" haye. aam taur parr, germany mein sharaab kaa ghar parr aasavan avaidh haye, aur yahaan taka kii kshamata taka bahut chhote still kaa upayog janwari 2018 seey avaidh haye. iss tarah key still kaa upayog kewal usa tarikh taka shaukinon dwara kiya jaataa thaa. iss tarah key sthiraank kaa kabja abhee bhee avaidh naheen haye, lekin janwari 2018 mein iska upayog avaidh banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. badey sthiraank key swaamitva kii soochana vittiya adhikaariyon koo dee jaani chaahiye, anyatha yeh avaidh haye, aur inn sthirankon key upayog key liye licenses kii aavashyakta hoti haye. chandrama key liye german bajar seemit haye, aanshik roop seey kyonki kanuni sharaab sastee haye, adhikansh europeeya deshon kii tulanaa mein aur aanshik roop seey kyonki niyantran aam taur parr prabhaavi hotey hain. german ghar-aasut sharaab jyaadaatar mamalon mein ack prakaar kaa paaramparik german schnaps hotaa haye, joe aksar ack prakaar kaa phal brandy hotaa haye. germany mein kaee kanuni aur aksar bahut chhoti aasavan ikaaiyaan hain. inmein seey adhikansh chhoti aasavan kaarkhaaniyaan dakshini germany mein sthit hain, joe kheton mein sthit hain aur ghar-aasavan karkhanon mein sthit hain. aasut peya padarthon key inn utpadakon koo "ubfindungsbrenary" kahaa jaataa haye aur inn chhoti aasavan karkhanon key sanchaalan key liye ack vishesh prakaar key licenses kii aavashyakta hoti haye. aise licenses kii sankhya seemit haye aur ack praapt karna mushkil haye, kyonki adhikansh mamalon mein sabhi licenses upayog mein hain. ack ubfindungsbrenary koo prati varsh kewal seemit matra mein shuddh sharaab kaa utpaadan karane kii anumati haye aur abhee bhee iska sanchaalan varsh key kuchh maheenon taka seemit haye. curr kii ganana phal key prakaar kii maankeekrit cheeni samagri kaa upayog karke maish kii raashi seey kii jaati haye (udaaharan key liye cherry key liye 5 pratishat cheeni samagri). inn seemaon parr kadaa niyantran haye. ack abfindungsbrenary key utpaadon koo, halanki kaee mamalon mein ghar-aasut, schwarzgebranter naheen maanaa jaataa haye, kyonki way curr aur kanuni hain.
ghaana.
ghanian moonshine koo "akpeti" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, aur ise taad kii sharaab, yaa ganna seey russ seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. ise kabhi-kabhi "apio" yaa buss "germ peya" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
grees.
yunani chandrama koo siporo (yoonaanih τσίποyρο) yaa raaki (yoonaanih ρακι) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. krete dweep mein ise raaki (yoonaanih ρακι) yaa tikaudia (yoonaanih τσικοyδιά) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh aamtaur parr pomes angur seey banaaya jaataa haye. sabse achchi gunavatta vaali raaki (yoonaanih ρακι) angur key jamun seey banaai jaati haye. annies-swaad vaalaa tsiporo bhee hotaa haye, joe aamtaur parr theesali (tsiporo tyrnavo) mein banaaya jaataa haye aur tsiporo (yoonaanih τσίπορο) bhee hotaa haye joe aamtaur parr uttari epirus mein banaaya jaataa haye.
kanuni vaanijyik aasavan karkhane hain, lekin niji aasavan kaafee aam hain, vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein. ghar aasut utpaadon kaa utpaadan aam taur parr seemit matra mein kiya jaataa haye, aasut key vyaktigat upayog key liye aur doston aur parivaar koo upahaar key liye-jinamen seey kaee aksar aasavan prakriya key dauran maujood hotey hain.
gwatemala.
gwatemalan chandrama key liye sabse vyaapak shabd "kusha" haye. yeh graameen ilaakon key badey kshetron mein lokpriya haye, jahan ise vishesh roop seey maaya utsavon key liye falon koo kinvit karke banaaya jaataa haye. yadi nishiddh haye, tou koee bhee isake nirmaan parr mukadama naheen chalaa rhaa haye. kusha shamanon key liye bhee ack moolyavaan haye, joe safai samarohon key dauran iska sevan karate hain aur isake saath apane "rogiyon" parr thookate hain.
haiti.
haiti mein chandrama koo "clarine" kahaa jaataa haye. ise ganna key russ yaa sirap seey banaaya jaataa haye, sthaaniya kshetra key jangli khameer key saath kinvit kiya jaataa haye aur ack baar aasavan karke ack chhote seey samooh parr sthir (nirantar aasavan) saabit kiya jaataa haye. 500 seey adhik chhote utpaadak yaa 'gildieve' apane gaanv key sthaaniya upbhog key liye clarine banaate hain. 
ise aam taur parr plastic kii bottle yaa jug seey seedhe binaa kissy dilution key khaaya jaataa haye.
havaai.
okoleho ack pracheen havaiyan maadak aatma haye jiska mukhya ghatak tii paudhe kii jarh thee. okoleho kaa agradoot ack kinvit tii root peya yaa bear thaa. jaba 1790 mein angreji naavikon dwara aasavan takneekon koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa, tou ise atyadhik maadak aatma mein aasavan kiya gayaa thaa.
jiss tarah mukhya bhoomi parr vibhinn sootron kaa upayog karke chandrama kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa, usee tarah okoleho kaa utpaadan vibhinn kinwan yogya avayavon kaa upayog karke kiya gayaa thaa. upayog kiye gaye whisky bairal mein umr badhane seey swaad mein sudhaar huaa, halanki aisaa shayed hii kabhi kiya gayaa thaa.
honduras.
honduras mein, chandrama koo aamtaur parr gwaro kahaa jaataa haye. ise aam taur parr ganne seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. chhote shaharon mein, ise aksar nirmaata dwara ghar seey becha jaataa haye. shaharon aur badey shaharon mein aap ise aise sthaanon parr paa sakate hain jahan anya sharaaben bechi jaati hain, aamtaur parr sthaaniya utpadakon key label key saath plastic kii botalon mein.
hangri.
hangerian moonshine koo "hajipalinka" kahaa jaataa haye ("pyalinka" ack aatma haye, "haazi" kaa arth haye "ghar kaa banaa"). yeh jyaadaatar graameen kshetron mein banaaya jaataa haye jahan samagri, aamtaur parr phal, aasaani seey upalabdh hotey hain. aadhunik samay mein, ghar aasavan avaidh thaa (madhyayugeen samay seey, yeh kuleen varg kaa ack visheshaadhikaar thaa), kyonki yeh ack curr dhokhadhadi kaa gathan kartaa thaa yadi ack licenses praapt aasavan mein naheen kiya jaataa thaa, halanki yeh thaa, aur kaafee vyaapak haye. 2010 seey, vyaktigat upayog key liye chhote bhaagon (prati vyakti 86 leater 42 pratishat abv prati varsh) kaa utpaadan karna kanuni haye.ee. aasavankarta, unake parivaar aur mehmaanon" dwara ack chhote seey, vaarshik shulk key liye sevan kiya jaanaa. samudayik aasavan karkhane bhee maujood hain, joe ack yaa adhik gaanvon dwara sanchaalit hain, taaki upkaranon koo laabhdaayak banaaya jaa sakey (kiraaye key aasavan-samay key mamle mein, halanki, vyaktigat kotaa 50 leater haye).
kyonki samagri aamtaur parr achchi gunavatta kii hoti haye, aur upayog kiye jaane vaale upkaran (jabaki sambhavatah puraane aur aprachalit) iss uddeshya key liye design kiye jaate hain, inn aatmaon kii gunavatta aamtaur parr anya chandrama kii kismon kii tulanaa mein adhik hoti haye; haalaanki, visheshagyata abhee bhee aavashyak haye aur achchi gunavatta vaale palinka banaana aamtaur parr samudaayon mein pratishtha kaa ack srot haye, iss prakaar adhikansh chandrama vaale palinka koo paribhaashit karane vaale sakht niyamon kaa paalan karate hain. iss vajah seey, anya chandramaon kii tulanaa mein haizipaalinka-prerit methanol vishaaktata asadharan roop seey durlabh haye.
iceland.
icelandic moonshine (landy) aasut jaali (gambury yaa landbrug) haye. yeh kaafee hudd taka uchch sharaab karon key kaaran shaukinon dwara banaaya jaataa haye, lekin nishedh key dauran ack vipul vyavasaay huaa kartaa thaa. praakritik aavaran kii kamee aur kathor mausam kii sthiti key kaaran, adhikansh "chandrama kii chamak" gatividhi ack niyantrit vatavaran mein ghar key ander hoti haye. halanki aaloo aur cheeni icelandic moonshine key sabse aam ghatak hain, lekin kissy bhee carbohydrate kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye, jisamen baasi rotty bhee shamil haye. landy kaa sevan aksar una logon dwara kiya jaataa haye joe apani cumm umr yaa nikatatam sharaab kii dukaan seey doori key kaaran sharaab naheen khareed sakate hain.
bhaarat.
sthaaniya roop seey utpaadit chandrama koo bhaarat mein tharra key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. ise jalrodhak cheeni mitty (terra kotta) seey baney badey golakar paatron mein ganna goode key mishran koo kinvit karke banaaya jaataa haye. dakshin bhaarat mein, moonshine koee bhee maadak peya haye joe aasavan karkhanon mein naheen banaaya jaataa haye. toddy aur araik chandrama kii sharaab key paryaayavaachi yaa bhaaratiya naam naheen hain. todi (yaa taddy) taad key pedon key russ seey banaa ack maadak peya haye, aur araik paaramparik roop seey kinvit falon key russ aur taad key pedh key russ seey baney majboot aatmaon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. bhaaratiya raajya gova mein, sthaaniya roop seey utpaadit kaju swaad vaalaa peya fenny sthaaniya logon aur paryatakon key beach lokpriya haye. asam mein ise 'salaai' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. bhaarat mein kaee hajaaron logon kii maut hui haye, jisamen ack samay mein 100 seey adhik logon key marane kii kaee badee ghatanaaen shamil hain, aksar-lekin vishesh roop seey naheen-peediton key methanol vishaaktata seey judee hoti hain, jahaan atyadhik vishaakt methanol kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye ack saste tareeke key roop mein, ethanol key uchit upayog kii tulanaa mein, chandrama kii sharaab kii matra koo badhaane key liye.
indoneshiya.
araik aamtaur parr chandrama key roop mein utpaadit hotaa haye, aur isake parinamswarup dooshit padarthon seey mautein hoti hain. sthaaniya roop seey, chandrama key maadak peya padarthon koo "oplosan" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii oplosan sahit avaidh sharaab kaa sevan kanuni sharaab key sevan seey paanch gunaa adhik hoe sakata haye. 2008 aur 2017 key beach, 800 seey adhik logon kii mrityu chandrama key vishaaktata seey hui.
iran.
vibhinn prakaar key phal adharit sharaab key saath-saath sharaab seey baney arak (vishesh roop seey aragh saagi) kaa utpaadan aamtaur parr moonshine key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. isaki bhoomigat utpaadan prathaon key parinamswarup dooshit padarthon seey mautein hui hain. iran mein arak leey jaane key khatare (islam mein ack nishiddh peya key roop mein) yaa ise khojane mein kathinaaee key kaaran, kuchh loga rasayanik upayog key liye banaae gaye shuddh ethanol kaa upayog karate hain jisase sharaab key vishaakt honey kii sambhavana badh jaati haye.
ireland.
ireland mein avaidh roop seey banaae gaye anaaj yaa aaloo adharit chandrama koo potin yaa potain kahaa jaataa haye. yeh shabd "potaa" 'ack bartan' shabd kaa ack chhota saa shabd haye. anya jagahon kii tarah, potten vyaapak lokkathaon kaa aadhar haye jisamen chaalaak pahaadiyon key loga "aabkaari purushon" key khilaf khade hain, jaisa kii geet mein hackler from grouse holl haye. ateet mein, ack alag pahaadi parr dhuein kii lahar ney hii potin-nirmaata koo door curr diyaa thaah aadhunik samay mein iss jokhim koo botalband gais key upayog seey gupt roop seey aag lagaane key liye hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.
itali.
aam taur parr angur seey sharaab kaa gupt aasavan jise grappa kahaa jaataa haye, itali key ack samay key garib uttar purvi bhaag mein aam thaa, joe abhee bhee desh mein kuchh behtareen grappa kaa utpaadan kartaa haye, lekin aasavan upkaran kii aapoorti parr sakht niyantran key saath isaki lokpriyata mein girawat aaee haye. haalaanki, itali key graameen kshetron mein grappa kaa aasavan abhee bhee jaari haye, vishesh roop seey dakshin mein jahaan aasavan upkaran parr niyantran utanaa kathor naheen haye. aam taur parr, parivaar apane upbhog key liye aur dusaron koo upahaar dene key liye cumm matra mein utpaadan karate hain. aajkal, teen leater seey badey utpaadan upkaran kii aapoorti niyantrit haye, aur kuchh bhee chhota honey parr yeh sanket honah chaahiye kii chandrama kaa utpaadan avaidh haye.
sardinia dweep parr, abb bhee abbardenti (spanish aguardiente yaa itailiyan grappa key samaan ack aasavan) kii sthaaniya kismein mill sakati hain, jise 'phil' feru 'kahaa jaataa haye, jiska arth haye sardinian bhasha mein' iron-thread '; yeh ajib naam iss tathya seey aataa haye kii jug aur botalon koo baad mein punarpraapti key liye unase lohe key dhaage seey bandhe adhikaariyon seey chhipaane key liye dafnaya gayaa thaa.
kanuni utpaadan badey paimaane parr audyogik utpadakon key saath-saath chhote utpadakon dwara kiya jaataa haye joe abhee bhee paaramparik (poorv mein avaidh) tarikon kaa upayog karate hain.
kenya.
avaidh roop seey aasut sharaab vyaapak roop seey kenya mein banaai jaati haye, jise "changa", "kumi kumi" yaa "mujhe jaldi maar dalo" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh jyaadaatar makke seey banaaya jaataa haye aur puraane tail drum seey baney kachche still key saath utpaadit kiya jaataa haye. peya koo andhepan aur mrityu kaa kaaran maanaa jaataa haye, sambhavatah ashuddh aasavan key parinamswarup, yaa vikretaon dwara anaitik milawat key parinamswarup, jinka uddeshya peya key prabhaav koo badhaana haye, jaise kii battery acid jodana. kenya mein kaee varshon taka avaidh honey key baad, kenya sarkaar ney 2010 mein paaramparik ghar-nirmit bhavna koo vaidh banaa diyaa taaki ise majboot banaane key liye sharaab mein vishaakt rasayan jodane vaale pratishthanon seey vyavasaay koo door kiya jaa sakey.
laos.
laos (laao logon key loktaantrik ganarajya) mein aatmaon kaa gharelu aasavan takniki roop seey avaidh haye, halanki yeh kaanoon shayed hii kabhi lagu kiya jaataa haye. 'laao-laao' ghar mein utpaadit sharaab koo diyaa gayaa naam haye, aur yeh khule taur parr vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein peeya jaataa haye, kaee chhote gaanv abhee bhee ack sampradayik roop seey kaam curr rahey hain. aamtaur parr chawal seey banaaya jaataa haye, yeh achchi tarah seey utpaadit, chikani swaad vaali sharaab seey laker kaee ashuddhiyon key saath bahut khurdara spirit taka hotaa haye.
latvia.
latvia mein, chandrama "kanda" (45-55% volume) aam taur parr cheeni seey banaaya jaataa haye, kabhi-kabhi aaloo yaa anaaj (messing) seey bhee. aam taur parr sharaab banaane vaali ketli ack purani aluminium doodh-caine (lagbhag 40 leater) hoti haye. aam taur parr cheeni, becker key khameer aur paani koo kuchh hafton key liye kinvit kiya jaataa haye aur phir gais-berner yaa lakadi-cooker kii madad seey aasavan kiya jaataa haye. kanda" banaana avaidh haye; haalaanki, vaastav mein jaba taka iska upayog apane upbhog key liye kiya jaataa haye (bikri key liye naheen) taba taka adhikaariyon key saath koee samasya naheen haye.
lithuania.
chandrama key liye lithuanian naam "namine degtine" yaa sankshep mein "namine" yaa "namineke" ("namine" kaa arth haye 'ghar kaa banaa') haye; yeh shabd bhee "samaane" haye, joe "samanos" ('moss') shabd kaa sujhaav detaa haye, kyonki aamtaur parr lithuanian chandrama koo avaidh roop seey banaaya gayaa thaa, ee.jee. jangal mein chhip curr. samaane" banaane kii jadein lithuanian sanskriti mein gahari hain. abhilekhon seey pataa chalata haye kii yeh pichhale 500 varshon seey utpaadit kiya gayaa haye. achchha "samaane" raaee seey banaa hotaa haye lekin anya avayavon kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye (lithuanian loga kabhi-kabhi ise raaee rotty key swaad mein samaantaa key kaaran taral rotty kahate hain). aamtaur parr isamen 50 seey 75 pratishat sharaab hoti haye. kuchh aswanshala joe paaramparik vyanjanon kaa paalan karate hue banaai jaati haye, kanuni roop seey kharidi jaa sakati haye. kabhi-kabhi jadee-bootiyon, pattiyon yaa foolon koo jodaa jaataa haye aur ise cumm seey cumm 5 varshon key liye oak bairal mein rakhaa jaataa haye.
uttari macedonia.
uttari macedonia mein moonshine naa kewal kanuni haye, balki pasand kii sharaab bhee haye, jahaan ise rakiya (rakija) kahaa jaataa haye. aam taur parr, chandrama kii chamak angur seey banaai jaati haye, joe sharaab key utpaadan seey bachee hui hoti haye, lekin anya falon seey bhee banaai jaati haye. chandrama atyadhik lokpriya haye kyonki iska upayog aamtaur parr aushadhiya uddeshyon key liye kiya jaataa haye. iss prakriya mein aamtaur parr carmelized cheeni key saath diluted moonshine kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, aur sharaab koo taba bhee germ rahate hue ubla jaataa haye aur sevan kiya jaataa haye.
malawi.
malawi mein chandrama aamtaur parr township aur gaanvon mein mahilaaon dwara banaaya aur aasut kiya jaataa haye. chicheva mein "kachasu" yaa "jung 'laa" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa, aaloo, ganna yaa makke sahit starch key vibhinn sroton kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. takniki roop seey avaidh honey key bavjood, madhyam khapat seey koee samajik kalank naheen judaa haye.
malaysia.
sarwak raajya mein, moonshine koo langkau kahaa jaataa haye, jiska arth haye taliban bhasha mein 'jhopadi', jahan loga unhein (avaidh roop seey) pakaate hain. langkau kinvit chawal kii sharaab (tuak) seey banaaya jaataa haye aur ack bairal mein pakaaya jaataa haye jisamen ack chhota saa ghar oopar seey latka hotaa haye. kuchh graameen loga tyohaaron aur avkash key samay 'langkau' peena pasand karate hain. sabah mein, 'langkau' key samaan peya koo 'montoku' kahaa jaataa haye.
mexico.
mexico mein ganna yaa bhusi parr adharit vibhinn prakaar kii ghar mein bunny sharaab haye. madhya maxican raajyon mein ganna adharit chandrama kaa sabse aam naam 'winn' yaa paschimi tata mein michoakan mein 'charanda' haye. bhusi-adharit aasut peya padarthon koo aam taur parr 'mezcal' naam diyaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, yeh kshetra key aadhar parr 'takila', 'raisila' yaa 'bakanora' key naam leey sakata haye. 'sotol', ack aasut aatma, decillarian kii prajaatiyon, arthaat registani chammach seey banaai jaati haye.
nepal.
nepal mein ack swadeshi sharaab "raakhi" () haye jise ghar parr avaidh roop seey aasavan key saath-saath kanuni roop seey dehaati aasavan karkhanon mein bhee aasavan kiya jaataa haye. kanuni utpaad aamtaur parr falon seey banaaya jaataa haye kyonki maanav upbhog seey anaaj koo door karane key khilaf kaanoon hain. anaaj seey bunny aasut sharaab koo dou baar aasut karane parr "daaroo" yaa "double-daaroo" bhee kahaa jaa sakata haye. kanuni rakshi shayed hii kabhi purani hoti haye; aamtaur parr swaad key liye kaafee kathor hoti haye. avaidh daaroo chikani hoe sakati haye, yaa anuchit roop seey taiyar kiye jaane parr yeh jaharila hoe sakata haye. nepali logon key liye yeh bataana asamanya naheen haye kii mishran maujood naheen haye.
nepali kabhi-kabhi germ chaay mein raakhi jodate hain, aur mishran koo 'jangal chaay' kahate hain.
namibia.
mukhya roop seey bear utpaadan key liye jaane jaane key bavjood, namibia mein chandrama kii apani vividhata bhee haye jise andashay kii vishal janjaati upbhog karati haye. sabse ullekhaniya, jise aamtaur parr "ombike" yaa "ovalende" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, koo sookhe taad key falon yaa jangli jamun seey baney isake spasht rung seey alag kiya jaa sakata haye. peya mein ack majboot sting aur uchch matra mein sharaab hoti haye.
newzealand.
newzealand una kuchh paschimi samajon mein seey ack haye jahan ghar aasavan vyaktigat upbhog key liye kanuni haye lekin niji bikri key liye naheen haye. newzealand mein, still aur unake upayog mein nirdesh khule taur parr beche jaate hain. hokonoi chandrama kaa utpaadan dakshin bhoomi mein praarambhik basane vaalon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jinaki (taba) avaidh aasavan gatividhiyon ney pauranik sthiti praapt kii thee; hokonoi pahaadiyon koo dekhein. "hokonoi moonshine" kaa abb dakshini aasavan company dwara kanuni aur vyaavsaayik roop seey utpaadan kiya jaataa haye, jisane haal hii mein iska niryaat shuru kiya haye.
nikaragua.
nikaragua desh mein, gharelu aasut aatmaon koo "kususa" kahaa jaataa haye. [kuu-suu '-saah] kususa makai aur "dools dee taapa" (sookhe ganne key guda) yaa sirf cheeni seey banaa hotaa haye. ise kinvit makai seey bharey dhaatu key drum parr rakhe gaye paani key thhande katori (porra) key madhyam seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. ack tube ack bottle mein sanghanan koo prasaarit karati haye.
nigeria.
nigeria mein, ghar parr sharaab banaana avaidh haye. chandrama koo vibhinn prakaar seey 'ogogoro', 'abua first eleven', ',' push mee, aaee push yuu ',' kuu kuu juice ',' bottle mein pagal aadami ', yaa' sepal watter '(vishesh roop seey delta raajya mein) kahaa jaataa haye, joe sthaan key aadhar parr hotaa haye. kaee companiyan kanuni roop seey 'jinn' key roop mein chandrama kaa utpaadan karati hain udaharanon mein origin, schnaps, chelsey dry jinn aadi shamil hain. anya jadee-bootiyon key atirikt honey key baad utpaad koo "maine pova" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaa sakata haye.
norwey.
sharaab key bahut adhik curr key kaaran, mukhya roop seey aaloo aur cheeni seey chandrama kaa utpaadan-desh key adhikansh hisson mein ack lokpriya, halanki avaidh, gatividhi bunny hui haye. chandrama kii chamak madhya aur uttar-norwey key kshetron mein vishesh roop seey aur samanya roop seey graameen kshetron mein hoti haye. norwey key chandrama koo "hazemebrant" yaa "hemebrant" (jiska angreji mein "home-burn" key roop mein anuvaad hotaa haye) kahaa jaataa haye, kabhi-kabhi "hemcock"/"hemcock" (jiska arth haye "ghar mein pakaaya gayaa") yaa "heimert"/"himmert" (slang), "blanck varaa" yaa "blanck floate" (jiska arth haye "saaf saman" yaa "clear cream") aur maish koo "sats" kahaa jaataa haye. purvi norwey key graameen hisson mein, ise "nee-seik" (jiska arth haye "nau-chhah", sharaab kii matra kaa ullekh karate hue, 96 pratishat abv) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, kyonki ack samanya chandrama kii chamak vaalaa prakaar aaloo seey rectified spirit haye. telemark maish key county mein ise "bases" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. soviyat upgrahon key baad ack aur samkaaleen naam "sputnik" haye, ack majaak kii sharaab kii taakat ack koo kaksha mein bhej sakati haye. puraane dinon mein finscosion parr way maish scogens winn ("jangal kii sharaab") kahate they, ack naam jiska upayog garib logon dwara aasavan upkaran taka pahunch key binaa kiya jaataa thaa. videshiyon seey baat karate samay, kuchh norwey key loga apane chandrama key baare mein "kuchh sthaaniya" shabd kaa upayog karate hain. norwey mein, chandrama koo aamtaur parr coffey key saath milaaya jaataa haye, aur kabhi-kabhi cheeni kaa ack chammach. iss peya koo karsk key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur iska madhya aur uttar-norwey key kshetron key saath ack vishesh sambandh haye, lekin iska anand kaheen aur bhee liya jaataa haye. ack aam majaak yeh haye kii paaramparik mishran koo sabse majboot, sabse kaali sambhav coffey banaakar banaaya gayaa thaa, phir ack cup mein 5 Ø kaa tukada (aakar kaa ack tambe kaa sikka aur ack poorv-dashamlav angreji paise kaa rung, abb prachalan mein naheen haye) daal diyaa gayaa thaa. cup mein coffey jodein jaba taka kii sikka abb naheen dekhaa jaa sakata haye, phir sthir seey seedhe hazemebrant jodein, jaba taka kii sikka phir seey naheen dekhaa jaa sakata haye. seb kaa russ bhee mishran key liye ack samanya peya haye, kyonki kahaa jaataa haye kii yeh kharaab chandrama key swaad koo maar detaa haye.
jabaki norwey mein sharaab banaane kii anumati haye, aasavan naheen haye. aasavan karane mein saksham upkaranon kaa rakhna bhee avaidh haye.
pakistan.
pakistan mein sharaab koo sakhti seey licenses praapt yaa anyatha avaidh honey key bavjood, graameen kshetron mein aniyantrit utpaadan panapata haye. utpaadon mein thaara aur isake prakaar shamil hain jinhen vidambanapurna roop seey "hanja watter" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye aur jou, raaee aur anya anaaj mishranon seey bunny praathamik bear shamil hain. kuchh brandy kaa utpaadan uttar mein bhee kiya jaataa haye jahan phal adhik aasaani seey upalabdh hotey hain. kuchh kshetron mein methanol sandushan ack gambhir samasya haye.
panama.
panama key dooradraj key graameen kshetron mein, avaidh peya koo "chirisko" yaa "chicha fuerte" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur kaanoon dwara atyadhik prataadit kiya jaataa haye, kyonki yeh ack saarvajanik swaasthya chinta haye. yeh aksar kissy bhee prakaar key phal seey banaaya jaataa haye lekin vishesh roop seey chawal yaa makai seey banaaya jaataa haye. beiman yaa agyaani aasavan yantra aksar kaar kii kshamata badhaane key liye battery acid yaa vishaakt rasayan jodate hain, jisase vishaaktata aur gambhir swaasthya samasyaaen hoti hain. vaastav mein, asweekrit jadee-bootiyon key paatron kaa upayog chirisko koo sangraheet karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
bent kii sharaab bhee bahut prasiddh haye aur kaanoon key khilaf atyadhik haye, mukhya roop seey azuero key praaydweep kshetra mein banaai aur khaai jaati haye, ise "gwarapo" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. ise lagbhag ack saal key liye jameen mein kinvit kiya jaataa haye aur phir 3 baar taka aasut kiya jaataa haye. yeh ack aisee parampara haye jise praaydweep key kuchh spanish vanshaj peedhiyon seey paarit karate aaa rahey hain.
peru.
jabaki pisco, ack prakaar kii angur kii brandy, desh kii rashtriya sharaab haye, yeh shayed hii kabhi ghar mein banaai jaati haye. sahasraabdiyon seey peruvian logon ney aam taur parr cumm sharaab kii matra key saath, chicha naamak makai-adharit bear kaa ack prakaar piyaa haye, joe aksar kuchh kshetriya vividhataon key saath uchch bhoomi mein ghar mein banaai jaati haye.
phillippeans.
lambanog koo narial key phool yaa nipapam key phal key russ seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. vaanijyik sanskaran-aamtaur parr 80 seey 90 pramaan-vyaapak roop seey upalabdh hain, lekin ghar kaa banaa lambanog desh key narial utpaadak kshetron mein paaya jaa sakata haye.
polland.
chandrama kaa polish naam "bimber" haye; haalaanki "samogan" shabd kaa bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye. κεσιεσικοκα" shabd bahut cumm aam haye, joe motey taur parr "chandrama" key barabar haye, joe "κεσιεσικ", "chandrama" shabd seey ack nammatra vyutpatti haye. chandrama key utpaadan kii parampara kaa pataa madhya yug seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye jaba saraay malik anaaj aur falon seey sthaaniya bikri key liye vodka kaa nirmaan karate they. baad mein, anya sadhanon koo apanaaya gayaa, vishesh roop seey khameer dwara cheeni key kinwan parr adharit. kuchh chandramaon koo aasavan plum seey bhee banaaya jaataa haye aur ise "slivovica" key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye. λαcka shlivovika" naamak plum moonshine ney desh bhar mein prasiddhi praapt kii, jisamen paryatakon ney iss majboot sharaab kii ack yaa dou botalen khareedane key liye lambi doori kii yatra kii. jalavaayu aur jansankhya key ghanatva key kaaran, adhikansh gatividhi ghar key ander hui.
polland mein, "1" kilogram cheeni ", 4" leater paani aur "10" degg (= 100 graam) khameer key upayog key saath khameer key kinwan dwara chandrama key utpaadan key liye sabse saral nuskha majaak mein "1410" key roop mein sankshipt haye-grunwald kii ladaai kaa varsh, polland key raajya kii sabse prasiddh jeet, lithuania key grand duchy aur madhya yug mein tetonic crum key shurveeron parr unake sahyogiyon.
polland mein chandrama kaa nirmaan karna avaidh haye, jaisa kii 30 navambar 2004 key sarvocch nyayalaya key faisale seey pushti hui haye. ghar mein bunny sharaab bechana bhee ack curr aparaadh haye kyonki sharaab kii bikri parr utpaad shulk lagaaya gayaa haye, aur sharaab banaane vaalon key liye avaidh roop seey iss shulk kaa bhugtan karane kaa koee praavdhaan naheen haye yadi way chaahte hain. vaastav mein kaanoon lagaatar lagu naheen kiya jaataa haye, ack udaaharan adhikaariyon kii badey paimaane parr nirmaan aur slivovica kii bikri kii sahishnuta haye. ghar aasavan key liye chhote sett bhee aasaani seey kissy bhee rasayanik kaanch kii dukaan mein binaa kissy niyantran key khareede jaa sakate hain.
purtagaal.
purtagaal mein sabse aam prakaar kaa chandrama ack peya haye jise aamtaur parr bago naam diyaa jaataa haye. yeh shabd baigase koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, joe kii draksh kii khaal kaa mishran haye aur sharaab key utpaadan seey bachaa huaa haye, jise isi naam kii aatma kaa utpaadan karane key liye aasut kiya jaataa haye. jaba oak key dundey mein umr badhati haye, tou yeh whisky key samaan narangi rung praapt kartaa haye, aur swaad mein vriddhi kartaa haye. ise baigesira kahaa jaataa haye. algarve mein, "arbutus unido" sthaanik haye, aur pedh parr rahate hue isake phal apane aap kinvit hoe jaate hain. isase ack peya banaaya jaataa haye jise medronho kahaa jaataa haye. madira dweep mein way ganna kaa upayog karate hain, maish aur aasut key baad, aguardant rumm key roop mein paida hotaa haye. yeh "jalata huaa paani" sthaaniya lokpriya peya, poncha kaa mukhya ghatak haye.
puerto rico.
moonshine rumm key liye aam puerto rican shabd "pitoro" haye, joe andrucian shabd "pintoro" seey haye, joe ack safed sharaab (yaa rumm, malaga key rumm-utpaadak ganna kheton key paas) koo dee jaati haye, jisamen kuchh angur (sharaab key mamle mein) yaa guda (afwah key mamle mein) rung hotaa haye.
romenia.
romenia mein, plum brandy koo usa kshetra key aadhar parr kahaa jaataa haye jisamen iska utpaadan hotaa haye, jise tuica (tzuika), raachi (raaki) yaa palinka (palinka) kahaa jaataa haye. ise graameen kshetron mein kaee logon dwara niji upbhog aur bikri donon key liye paaramparik tarikon kaa upayog karke taiyar kiya jaataa haye. prati ghar ghar aasavan kanuni haye; utpaad shulk maanak darr kaa aadhaa haye. sharaab curr lagaane key uddeshyon key liye utpaadan sarkari nireekshan key adheen haye; aghoshit aasavan karkhanon koo, vyaktigat upayog key liye bhee, curr chori maanaa jaataa haye. kuchh bajar yaa melon mein aur yahaan taka kii supermarket mein bhee beche jaate hain.
2015 mein, ack anuman avaidh roop seey aasavan kiya gayaa thaa.
roose.
kissy bhee ghar mein baney aasut maadak peya kaa russie naam "samogon" (ruh) haye, jiska arth haye "swa-aasut", shaabdik roop seey "swa-sanchaalit". aitihaasik roop seey, yeh malted anaaj (aur isaliye whisky key samaan) seey banaaya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh vidhi aajkal apekshaakrit durlabh haye, kyonki cheeni jaisi adhik suvidhajanak aadhar samagri kii upalabdhata mein vriddhi hui haye, joe aadhunik "samogan" seey aksar banaai jaati haye. anya samanya avayavon mein chukandar, aaloo, rotty yaa vibhinn phal shamil hain. "praarambhik aasavan key "samogon" koo "parwach" (ruh) kahaa jaataa haye, jiska shaabdik anuvaad "pahala" key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, yeh apani uchch gunavatta key liye jaanaa jaataa haye (shuddh sharaab prakriya kii shuruat mein vaashpit hoti haye, lekin ashuddhiyaan naheen hoti hain; samay key saath ashuddhiyaan bhee vaashpit hoti hain, iss prakaar shesh batch utanaa saaf naheen hotaa haye). roose mein samogon kaa utpaadan vyaapak haye. isaki bikri licenses key adheen haye. samogan kii anadhikrit bikri pratibandhit haye, haalaanki, desh key adhikansh hisson mein 1997 seey vyaktigat upbhog key liye utpaadan kanuni haye. samogon mein aksar ack majboot vikarshak gandh hoti haye, lekin saste aur tej utpaadan aur peya key swaad koo vyaktigat karane kii kshamata key kaaran, yeh apekshaakrit lokpriya haye. "parwach" koo bahut cumm yaa binaa gandh key jaane jaataa haye.
"samogan" desh mein sabse lokpriya maadak peya padarthon mein seey ack haye. yeh seedhe vodka key saath pratispardha kartaa haye, joe adhik mahanga haye (aanshik roop seey aasut sharaab parr karon key kaaran), lekin isamen cumm ashuddhiyaan hoti hain. 2002 key ack adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii, madhya roose mein graameen parivaaron mein, "samogan" sabse aam maadak peya thaa, isaki prati vyakti khapat vodka kii khapat seey 4.8 seey 1 adhik thee. adhyayan kaa anuman haye kii, usa samay, cheeni seey ghar mein baney "samogan" kaa nirmaan karna vodka kii samkaksh matra khareedane kii tulanaa mein 4 seey 5 gunaa sastaa thaa. taba seey vodka kii keemat mudrasfeeti kii darr seey adhik badh rahee haye. 2011 taka, ghar mein baney "samogan" key utpaadan kii vishisht laagat 30 rubal (lagbhag) key crum parr haye. us $1) prati leater, mukhya roop seey cheeni kii keemat seey nirdhaarit hotaa haye. arthavyavastha-varg" vodka kii break-eevan laagat 100 rubal/leater haye, lekin sanghiya curr khudra kimaton koo lagbhag teen gunaa badhaakar 280 rubal/leater curr dete hain. sambhavatah badhate karon key kaaran, roose mein vodka kii prati vyakti khapat 2004 seey gir rahee haye. ise seemant vargon key beach badey paimaane parr "samogon" key saath badal diyaa gayaa haye. kuchh vishleshakon ney anuman lagaaya kii iss pravritti key parinamswarup madhyam varg mein "samogan" koo apanaane mein vriddhi hogi, aur 2014 taka, "samogan" desh bhar mein sabse aam maadak peya key roop mein vodka koo peechhe chhod dega.
2016 mein, yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa kii roose mein kathor sharaab kii bikri mein kaalaa bajar hissedari 2015 mein 65 pratishat seey girkar 2016 mein 50 pratishat hoe gaee aur dukaanon mein beche jaane vaale vodka kaa lagbhag ack tihai hissa bikata haye.
saudi arab.
saudi arab mein, jahan sharaab nishiddh haye, kaale bajar kii sharaab, aamtaur parr kinvit cheeni key paani seey aasut kii jaati haye, jise jyaadaatar "aragh" (arabi mein "ark") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. 'sidiki' yaa 'side' bhee aamtaur parr maanyata praapt shabd hain. 'sid' aksar falon key russ aur cheeni koo kinvit karke utpaadit kiya jaataa haye, aasavan key baad ise aamtaur parr 2-3 bhaag paani mein kaataa jaataa haih 1 bhaag 'side'. americi sanic, americi sainya thikaanon mein, aur saudi arab mein dakshin koriyai shramik paani, falon (nimbu aur santare) aur khameer seey tatkalik chandrama banaate hain.
scotland.
scotland seey avaidh roop seey utpaadit whisky koo "petrick" kahaa jaataa haye. yeh shabd peat kii aag parr malt kiye gaye jou koo sukhaakar peya mein daale gaye dhuein (yaa "reek") koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. "peat reck" ack kanuni, vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh whisky kaa brand naam bhee haye.
scotland mein spirit key utpaadan key liye praasangik utpaad shulk licenses kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jaisa kii baaki yuu. key. mein hotaa haye.
serbia.
serbia mein, "plum rakia"/"shlajivovika" kaa gharelu aasavan aam haye (plum = shlajiva). sarbiyanon mein plum rakia banaane kii ack lambi parampara haye aur ise aksar vyaktiyon dwara banaaya jaataa haye, jisamen kuchh brand 60 pratishat seey adhik sharaab key saath hotey hain.
kaee prakaar key chandrama kaa utpaadan serbia mein kiya jaataa haye, bhale hii way lagbhag vishesh roop seey phal-adharit hotey hain, bartan-still mein banaae jaate hain aur aamtaur parr "rakija" key roop mein sandarbhit hotey hain. "shlajivovika" (plum brandy) sabse lokpriya haye, lekin anya falon parr adharit brandy, jaise "breskova" (aadoo brandy), "kazizeva" yaa kazizara (khubani brandy), "viljamovka" (nashpati brandy), "jabukova" (seb brandy) aur "dunjeva" (queens brandy). utpaad kii gunavatta kharaab utpaadan vaale cumm aeye. bee. vee. prakaar key upnaam "bralja" (jiska arth haye "ack pench", "ack gadbad" yaa "ack galati nirmaata") seey laker oak bairal taka hoe sakati haye joe achchi gunavatta vaali rakija haye joe vaanijyik bajar key badey hisse seey behtar haye. rakija badey shaharon mein bhee khule baajaron mein aasaani seey upalabdh haye, isaliye gunavatta vaale utpaad kaa utpaadak khojana hii iss prakriya mein ekmatra vaastavik chunauti haye. vishaaktata parr reports kii kamee rahee haye, joe ack lambi parampara seey praapt utpaad suraksha key uchch star kaa sanket detee haye. jabaki iska adhikansh utpaadan krishi kshetron (madhya aur uttar) mein hotaa haye, poore desh mein chandrama kaa utpaadan kiya jaa rhaa haye aur cumm seey cumm ack bartan key binaa ack gaanv khojane key liye ack mushkil dabaav hoga. rakija kaa upayog aamtaur parr kissy bhee anya peya key saath mishran key liye naheen kiya jaataa haye kyonki ise apane aap mein ack achchha peya maanaa jaataa haye, lekin kuchh logon koo "betton" peene key liye jaanaa jaataa haye (jiska shaabdik anuvaad "concreet" key roop mein kiya gayaa haye), joe kii cumm gunavatta vaalaa ack shott-glass haye shlajivovika bear key gillas mein giraaya jaataa haye.
prachalit upbhoktaavaad key kaaran, rakija mein peya padarthon kii nimn shreni kii chhavi thee, joe videshi aayaton jaise whisky yaa rumm key barabar naheen thee. haal hii mein garib utpadakon key shuddh honey aur mankikaran key kaaran rakija koo ack parkhi key peya key roop mein phir seey pesh kiya gayaa.
slovakia.
slovakia mein chandrama kaa ullekh karane vaalaa samanya shabd "domas" haye, jiska arth haye "ghar parr banaaya gayaa"/"hombrey"; yaa "pellen"/"pellenca"/"pellen", jiska motey taur parr anuvaad "jalaa" key roop mein hotaa haye, joe aasavan key dauran jalane kii prakriya seey praapt hotaa haye.
slovakia mein ack aam chandrama "slivovica" haye, jise kabhi-kabhi angreji mein "plum brandy" kahaa jaataa haye. yeh apane majboot lekin anandadayak gandh key liye kukhyaat haye joe plum dwara diyaa jaataa haye jisase ise aasut kiya jaataa haye. sharaab kii vishisht matra 52 pratishat haye (yeh 40 aur 60 pratishat key beach bhinn hoe sakati haye). ghar mein bunny slivovica koo atyadhik sammaanit kiya jaataa haye. ise audyogik utpaadon kii tulanaa mein ack behtar gunavatta vaalaa bhaav maanaa jaataa haye joe aamtaur parr kamjor (lagbhag 40 pratishat) hotey hain. aajkal gunavatta mein yeh antar isake utpaadan kaa praathamik kaaran haye, naa kii kewal aarthik muddon key. ghar mein bunny ack achchi slivovica kii bottle ack keemati upahaar hoe sakati haye, kyonki ise kharida naheen jaa sakata haye. ise praapt karane kaa ekmatra tarika graameen kshetron mein maataa-pitaa yaa doston key saath honah haye joe ise banaate hain. slivovica kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi sardi aur anya mamuli dard key shuruati charanon koo thheek karane key liye ack lokpriya dawa key roop mein bhee kiya jaataa haye. apane phal seey chhote paimaane parr gharelu utpaadan, bikri key liye samarpit naheen, aur ack licenses praapt aur panjikrit bartan mein banaaya gayaa abhee bhee kanuni haye. kaee anya falon kaa upayog isi tarah key ghar mein baney aatmaon key utpaadan key liye kiya jaataa haye, arthaat nashpati-"hrukovika" aur jangli cherry-"čereष्नोविका"।.
ack anya aam paaramparik slovak moonshine koo borovikka kahaa jaataa haye, aur iska swaad juniper berry yaa pine seey liya jaataa haye. iska swaad, halanki bahut majboot haye, jinn jaisa dikhta haye aur sharaab kii matra taka pahunch sakata haye.
slovenia.
slovenia mein, vishesh roop seey paschimi bhaag mein, sharaab utpaadan seey shesh kinvit angur seey chandrama kii chamak koo aasut kiya jaataa haye, aur yadi aavashyak hoe tou cheeni. ise "tropinovac" (desh key paschim mein tropine, jiska arth haye nichoda huaa aadhaa sookha huaa angur) kahaa jaataa haye. shnops (shnop) yaa zganze, jaisa kii ise anyatha jaanaa jaataa haye, aam taur parr nashpati, plum aur seb seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. villium nashpati seey zagaanje kaa naam viljamovka rakhaa gayaa haye aur ise uchch sammaan mein rakhaa jaataa haye. kyonki zgange 60-70% alcohol key aspas haye, ise aksar halke banaane key liye ubale hue paani key saath milaaya jaataa haye. 50 pratishat). tropinovac shayed hii kabhi badee matra mein piyaa jaataa haye. tropinovac aur zganze donon koo aksar falon (blueberry, cherry, nashpati, aadi) key saath milaaya jaataa haye.) yaa jadee-bootiyaan (annies, bhediye kaa bett, aadi.), yaa tou swaad mein sudhaar karane key liye yaa vaikalpik chikitsa upchaar key liye. blueberry key saath mishrit zganze (jise borovanikke naam diyaa gayaa haye) vishesh roop seey lokpriya haye. carst kshetra mein brinjevek koo juniper berry koo aasavan karke banaaya jaataa haye, aur iska upayog jyaadaatar aushadhiya uddeshyon key liye kiya jaataa haye. sastaa, peene kaa sanskaran, borovikka (juniper swaad vaalaa zganze) key samaan anya sthaanon parr isi naam key tahat banaaya jaataa haye (aur vyaavsaayik roop seey bhee becha jaataa haye). slavenia mein ghar aasavan kanuni haye. abhee bhee malik panjikaran karane aur utpaad shulk kaa bhugtan karane key liye baadhya hain (40-100 l sthiraank key liye lagbhag $15 aur 100 l seey badey sthiraank key liye $30). 2005 mein 20,539 panjikrit gharelu aasavan they, joe 2000 mein 28,000 seey cumm they.
soloman dweep.
soloman dweepon mein avaidh sharaab jise kwaso key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aasut kii jaati haye aur vyaapak roop seey khapat kii jaati haye. yeh aksar nimn gunavatta kaa hotaa haye aur maanaa jaataa haye kii isase mrityu, andhaapan aur gambhir swaasthya samasyaaen hoti hain.
dakshin africa.
dakshin africa mein phal (jyaadaatar aadoo yaa marula) seey baney chandrama koo "mampore" (peddy cheef mampuru key naam parr) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. angur seey baney samkaksh utpaad koo "vitibilit" (safed bijli) kahaa jaataa haye. paschimi cape praant (200 seey adhik varshon) mein vitibilit kaa ack lamba itihas haye aur kaee utpaadak apane utpaad parr garv karate hain, joe sharaab kii dukaanon aur kisaanon key baajaron mein vyaapak roop seey upalabdh haye. duniya bhar mein vishisht chandrama kii tulanaa mein adhikansh buddhi bahut uchch gunavatta kii hoti haye aur aam taur parr grappa key saath tulaniya hoti haye. dakshin africa mein sharaab kaa aasavan karane key liye licenses kii aavashyakta hoti haye. seemit sankhya mein "saanskritik viraasat" chhote paimaane key aasavan yantron koo licenses praapt haye.
spen.
spen mein adhikansh chandrama koo angur kii nichodi hui khaal koo aasavan karke sharaab banaane key upotpaad key roop mein banaaya jaataa haye. mool utpaad koo orjuo yaa aguardiente (jalata huaa paani) kahaa jaataa haye. ghar mein baney sanskaran aamtaur parr majboot hotey hain aur unamen uchch maadak samagri hoti haye, joe aamtaur parr vaanijyik sanskaranon mein 40 pratishat seey adhik hoti haye. oruzo seey shuru karate hue aspas anginat mishran aur swaad hain. aam taur parr jadee-bootiyon, masalon yaa jamun yaa falon koo jodana yaa chandrama koo anya aasavan key saath milana. sabse prasiddh shayed hainh "pachaaran", "liker kaife" aur "oruzo dee hierbass".
srilanka.
srilanka mein, ghar parr sharaab banaana avaidh haye. haalaanki, dweep key adhikansh hisson mein yeh ack aakarshak bhoomigat vyavasaay haye. avaidh sharaab koo kaee naamon seey jaanaa jaataa haye; 'kasippu' sabse aam aur sweekrit naam haye, 'hailey arrakku' (pracheen shabd kaa arth haye, pott-likor), 'kashiya' (joe ack paltu naam haye joe adhik mukhyadhara key shabd kasippu seey liya gayaa haye), 'well bear' (jiska arth haye, dhaan key khet kii bear), 'katukambi' (jiska arth haye, kantedar taar), 'suduva' (jiska arth haye, safed padaarth), 'galbamuna' (ack kachcha naam), 'gahaapan maachan' (jiska arth haye ise peena, saathi), sthaan key aadhar parr fainta. utpaadan mein upayog kiya jaane vaalaa kachcha maal mukhya roop seey samanya safed cheeni (ganne seey) yaa vishesh sharaab key liye sthaaniya phal hain joe srilanka, khameer aur nitrogen srot key roop mein yoore mein nirmit hotey hain.
sudan.
sudan mein, shariya kii sthaapana key liye islamvadiyon kii maangon key anusaar sharaab key samanya nishedh key kaaran, gharelu roop seey utpaadit sabhi aasut maadak peya padarthon koo chandrama maanaa jaa sakata haye. phir bhee, utpaadan vyaapak roop seey banaa huaa haye, vishesh roop seey desh key graameen kshetron mein, mukhya roop seey araki key roop mein, joe khajur seey utpaadit hotaa haye.
sweeden.
moonshine koo sweeden mein "hembrant" ("aich. bee") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye jise swedish mein (shaabdik roop seey "ghar mein jalane") "scogsstagernan" ("vann taaraa") key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye yaa "chatto dee garrage" (sweedishah "garageslot", angrejeeh "garrage casal"), "foxprit" ("logon kaa boose"), "garazenkorva" ("garrage" aur "koskenkorva" seey ack punch), aur "norlands shampen" (angrejeeh norlands shampen) jaise hasyapurna upnaam hain.
choonki vaanchhit utpaad ack tatasth bhavna (vodka jaisa) haye, "maish" aamtaur parr paani mein cheeni aur khameer kaa mishran hotaa haye joe ack saral aasavan praapt kartaa haye jisake baad sakriya charcoal mein nispandan hotaa haye kyonki uchch shakti filtering kii dakshata koo cumm karati haye. kabhi-kabhi, freeze aasavan kaa upayog seb kii brandy yaa cumm sharaab vaale anya peya banaane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
sweeden mein aasut sharaab kaa binaa licenses vaalaa nirmaan, hastaantaran aur kabja avaidh haye, jaisa kii sharaab key binaa licenses vaale nirmaan key liye still yaa still key hisson kaa nirmaan, hastaantaran aur kabja haye. iss uddeshya key liye banaae gaye jaali kaa nirmaan, hastaantaran aur kabja bhee avaidh haye. 2005 seey ayaat viniyaman mein dheel key kaaran, vyavasaay mein girawat aaee haye. graameen ilaakon mein chandrama koo sabse adhik samajik roop seey sweekaar kiya jaataa haye, jahaan iska utpaadan bikri key bajaay apane upbhog key liye kiya jaataa haye.
switzerland.
switzerland mein, 1910 mein absynthe parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin 20veen shatabdi key dauran bhoomigat aasavan jaari rhaa. 2000 mein rashtriya samvidhaan key samanya badalaav key dauran absinthe parr swiss samvaidhaanik pratibandh koo nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin isake bajaay nishedh koo samanya kaanoon mein likhaa gayaa thaa. baad mein usa kaanoon koo bhee nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, isaliye 1 march 2005 seey, lagbhag ack sadee key nishedh key baad, absinthe phir seey apane mool desh mein kanuni haye. abb abb abb absynthe koo naa kewal switzerland mein becha jaataa haye, balki ack baar phir apane wall-dee-traverse janmasthan mein aasut kiya jaataa haye, jisamen kubler aur laa clandstein absynthe pahale nae brandon mein seey hain, joe ack bhoomigat viraasat key saath ubharate hain.
una kanuni absynthes kii sharaab kii samagri mein bhinnata unake pahale kuchh varshon mein dhyaan dene yogya haye. jabaki 2005 seey pahale bootleg absynthe aamtaur parr matra (abv) key hisab seey 65-70% alcohol parr clock kiya jaataa thaa, pahale kuchh kanuni absynthes anya samanya gharelu aatmaon jaise kii falon key schnaps key 42-45% abv parr sanrekhit kiye gaye they. yeh ack niyam key roop mein peete hue peya key swaad kii teevrata mein kamee saabit hui, aur 2010 taka adhikansh swiss absints mein 54 pratishat abv kii tarj parr kuchh thaa, kuchh 2005 seey pahale kii taakat parr vaapas aaa gaye joe 65 pratishat haye, kabhi-kabhi 72 pratishat abv taka.
thyland.
thyland mein, ghar mein banaai gaee sharaab, paaramparik roop seey chawal seey aasut kii jaati haye, lekin abb cumm utpaadan laagat key kaaran guda seey sabse adhik aasut kii jaati haye, jise "laao khaao" (<unk>; shaabdik roop seey "safed sharaab") yaa aadhikarik taur parr "suraa khaao" (<unk>) kahaa jaataa haye. ise kabhi-kabhi "yadong" naamak aushadhiya peya kaa utpaadan karane key liye vibhinn jadee-bootiyon key saath milaaya jaataa haye (<unk>; shaabdik roop seey "kinvit jadee-booty (sharaab mein)").
yadong koo vibhinn jadee-bootiyon key saath "laao khaao" milakar aur upayog seey pahale 2-4 saptah taka mishran koo kinvit karane key liye taiyar kiya jaataa haye. kuchh loga daavaa karate hain kii yeh unhein taakat hassil karane mein madad kartaa haye. inn dinon aap tatkaal yadong mishran paa sakate hain joe antim utpaad key utpaadan mein lagane vaale samay koo kaafee cumm curr dete hain.
trinidad aur tobago.
trinidad aur tobago mein, ack avaidh roop seey aasut rumm kaa utpaadan kiya jaataa haye, jise baa-baash, busch rumm yaa pahaadi oss key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh mukhya roop seey kinvit ganna seey banaaya jaataa haye. upayog kiye jaane vaale "sthir" uttari america mein upayog kiye jaane vaale sthir chitron key samaan hain. haalaanki baa-baash trinidad aur tobago mein avaidh haye, lekin yadi sampark sahee hain tou yeh aasaani seey upalabdh haye.
tunisia.
bukha tunisia mein anjir seey utpann ack aatma haye. tunisian judo-arabic bolly mein isake naam kaa arth haye 'sharaab vaashp'. yeh tunisia seey bhoomadhyasagariya anjeeron key saral aasavan dwara praapt kiya jaataa haye. iska sharaab pratishat 36 aur 40 pratishat key beach hotaa haye.
bukha kaa sevan sookhe, kamare key tapman yaa thhand mein kiya jaataa haye. yeh kaee cocktail, swaad aur falon key salad key liye aadhar key roop mein bhee kaam curr sakata haye yaa kamare key tapman parr bhojan key saath pee sakata haye.
turkey.
turkey chandrama koo raaki kahaa jaataa haye. kabhi-kabhi iska swaad annice key saath liya jaataa haye. haalaanki naam kaa matlab avaidh aasavan naheen haye, kyonki kanuni aasavan karkhane hain joe raaki kaa utpaadan bhee karate hain. gupt sroton seey vaastavik "moonshine" joe kii angur, anjir, jamun yaa khatte cherry seey ghar mein banaaya jaataa haye, dakshin mein lokpriya haye, aur ise "boma" kahaa jaataa haye. arabi vansh key sthaaniya logon dwara banaai gaee shuddh turkey chandrama kaa ack bahut hii vishisht srot seeriya key karib, haate praant mein samandag kaa jilaa haye. boama bhee adana shahar mein arab aabaadi key beach banaaya gayaa haye aur bahut lokpriya haye, vishesh roop seey gunesli key upnagar mein.
uganda.
vaaraagi kele seey utpaadit ack chandrama kii chamak vaalaa jinn haye aur aksar jerrican mein sangraheet kiya jaataa haye. chandrama key roop mein, yeh jyaadaatar una logon dwara piyaa jaataa haye joe vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh sharaab kaa kharch wahan naheen curr sakate hain, halanki kaee brand hain joe apane naamon mein "vaaraagi" shabd kaa upayog karate hain. aprail 2010 mein, kampala jile mein methanol seey bharee vaaraagi kaa sevan karane key baad 80 seey adhik logon koo jahar diyaa gayaa thaa.
vaaraagi key alawa, joe madhya kshetra mein lokpriya haye, anya chandrama jinn mein leira-leira shamil haye, joe shodh reports key anusaar, americi paryaavaran sanrakshan agency (epa) seema seey oopar 100 aur 6000% tambe key beach hotaa haye.
sanyukt raajya america.
jabaki sanyukt raajya america mein gharelu aasavan avaidh haye, yeh mukhya roop seey applachia mein abhyaas kiya jaataa haye. utpaad koo kabhi-kabhi "safed bijli" kahaa jaataa haye, kyonki yeh purana naheen hotaa haye aur aamtaur parr uchch sharaab proof parr becha jaataa haye, aksar rajmistri key jaar mein botalband hotaa haye. ack vishisht chandrama abhee bhee prati saptah 1000 gallen kaa utpaadan curr sakata haye aur isake malik key liye prati saptah shuddh $6000 hoe sakata haye. prakriya kii saralata, aur makai aur cheeni jaisi pramukh samagriyon kii aasaan upalabdhata, pravartan koo kathin banaati haye. haalaanki, kanuni roop seey bechi gaee pratispardha parr ack baar chandrama kii chamak kaa moolya laabh gir gayaa haye. phir bhee, aasut spirit kii ack bottle kii khudra keemat key aadhe seey adhik mein aam taur parr curr hotey hain. sastee parishkrit safed cheeni kii upalabdhata key saath, moonshinner bhaari curr aur kanuni roop seey beche jaane vaale aasut spirit kii keemat key ack ansh key liye bikri yogya utpaad banaa sakate hain. kuchh loga herble tincture key liye moonshine alcohol kaa bhee upayog karate hain.
maadak peya padarthon kii bikri parr pratibandh lagaane vaale kshetradhikaron kii sankhya mein lagaatar kamee aaee haye, jiska arth haye kii kaee poorv chandrama upabhokta pahale kii tulanaa mein kanuni sharaab bikri outlet key bahut karib hain. kaee kanuni aasut peya, aamtaur parr tatasth aatma yaa makai whisky, jinake naam chandrama koo ujagar karate hain, maujood hain, jaise kii onyx moonshine, virginia lytoning, georgia moone corn whisky, ole smokey tenancy moonshine, aur junier johnson kaa madhyaraatri chandrama vaanijyik roop seey utpaadit kiye jaate hain aur sharaab kii dukaanon mein beche jaate hain, aamtaur parr mitty key jug yaa kaanch key chinai key jaar mein paik kiye jaate hain. jabaki yeye utpaad khud koo "moonshine" key roop mein sandarbhit curr sakate hain, kanuni roop seey bechi jaane vaali kissy bhee sharaab koo shabd kii prakriti seey sateek roop seey "moonshine" naheen kahaa jaa sakata haye.
sanyukt raajya key dakshin-purvi bhaag mein, vishesh roop seey krishi samudaayon mein, chandrama kii roshni hamesha lokpriya rahee haye, aanshik roop seey kyonki kisaanon key paas upaj (makai, jou, seb, angur, aadi) haye.) avaidh sharaab banaana. kuchh mamalon mein, kisan laabh key liye chandrama banaane key liye apani upaj kaa upayog karate hain, joe way naheen betch sakate. avaidh sharaab banaane yaa vitarit karane vaalon key liye lambi jail kii sajaa chandrama parr rahane vaale apane sthir sthaanon koo gupt sthaanon mein chhipaate hain. sthiriyaan advitiya pratiroopan hain jinamen aam taur parr kaee dhaatu key drum, tambe key pipe aur garmi key srot hotey hain joe cheeni, starch aur phal yaa anaaj utpaad key mishran koo germ karate hain. sthiron kaa vajan aur samagr aakar chhipaane mein mushkil banaata haye. isake kaaran kaee chandramadhari apane sthir sthalon koo bahut chatur sthaanon mein chhipaate hain; inmein seey adhikansh chandramadhari bhoomigat sanrachanaon aur surangon key alawa america key pichhadon mein, parityakt kothariyon mein sharan lete hain. bhoomigat sthir sthalon kaa ack utkrisht udaaharan joe aaj bhee upayog kiya jaa rhaa haye, purani parityakt khanan surangon kaa upayog haye. kahaa jaataa haye kii yeh vichaar grihyuddh key turant baad tensi mein purani khanan gufaaon mein shuru huaa thaa. avaidh aasavankarta inn gufaaon kaa upayog karenge kyonki yeh paryaapt aavaran pradaan kartaa haye joe unhein kaanoon pravartan adhikaariyon dwara khoje jaane seey bachaata haye. americi chandramadhari bhee gufaaon mein paani kii praakritik prachurta key kaaran gufaaon key upayog koo pasand karate they; joe chandrama kii chamak kaa ack pramukh ghatak haye. inn gufaaon kaa upayog 20veen shatabdi taka chandrama key nirmaan key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
sharaab kii bikri, nirmaan aur vitaran mein pratibandh (joe 1920 seey 1933 taka chalaa) key dauran gambhir roop seey katauti kii gaee thee. iss naee kanuni manjuri ney sharaab aur chandrama key avaidh vitaran kaa bhuskhalan kiya, jise kuchh kisan aur avaidh aasavankarta chandrama key swarn yug kahenge. choonki sharaab avaidh thee, isaliye moonshinar aur bootlegaron koo sharaab kii uchch maang kaa saamana karna padaa, jisase unhein sanyukt raajya mein sharaab key vyaapaar parr ekadhikar rakhane kii anumati millie. 1929 seey 1939 taka key mahamandi ney bhee sanyukt raajya mein chandrama kii lokpriyata mein yogdan diyaa. aarthik kathinaaee key usa samay key dauran, kaee amerikiyon ney avaidh utpaadon key nirmaan aur vitaran kii or rukh kiya. dakshini raajyon mein, kuchh moonshinner apane utpaad koo bootlegaron koo bechate they, joe ise poore desh mein leey jaate they, aksar all capone dwara sanchaalit aparaadh syndicates koo bechate they.
pratibandh key roop mein shuru mein, chandrama key yantron kii kahaaniyan apane utpaad kaa upayog apane vaahanon mein ack shaktishali eendhan key roop mein karati hain, aamtaur parr jaba way apane avaidh utpaad koo vitarit karate samay kaanoon-pravartan agencies seey bachate hain. stock kaar racing key khel kii shuruat taba hui jaba moonshinner sanghiya sarkaar key rajaswa agents koo pachhaadane key liye apane automobile koo sanshodhit karenge. junier johnson, uttari carolina key pahaadon mein shuruati stock kaar racers mein seey ack, joe chandrama parr chalane seey judey they, kanuni roop seey utpaadit anaaj sharaab kaa vipanan karke "vaidh" hoe gaye hain, jise raajya mein pahali kanuni aasavan dwara banaaya gayaa haye. stoxdale, ack shahar jahan aasavan sthit haye, vahaan seey abhee bhee ack chandrama haye joe shahar key ateet mein makai kii sharaab key itihas koo darshaane key liye apane aadhikarik shahar kii muhar parr haye.
viyatnam.
khameer-kinvit chawal seey baney moonshine koo "ruyu" kahaa jaataa haye, joe sharaab kaa aam naam bhee haye.
wells.
velsh moonshine koo buss "chwisgi" yaa "leth mansi" (bandar kaa doodh) kahaa jaataa haye. avaidh aasavan kii parampara ireland yaa scotland kii tarah majboot naheen haye.

