saimuel off kalmaun kaa sarvanash

kalmoun key saimuel kaa tathaakathit sarvanash anishchit tithi aur lekhakatva kaa ack coptic paath haye joe abb kewal apane arabi anuvaad mein sanrakshit haye. isamen misra key madhya yug mein bhasha parivartan kii sabse majboot ninda haye, jisake dwara coptic koo arabi dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh darj kartaa haye kii misra mein isai, yaa cumm seey cumm lekhak kii duniya key loga; choonki 10 veen shatabdi key anta mein ibn haakal dwara ullikhit oopari misra seey pahale nichale misra kaa arabikaran, sanskriti aur reeti-rivaajon mein teji seey arabikaran hoe rhaa thaa, halanki islam mein vaastavik roopaantaran ack chinta kaa vishay naheen lagata haye.
paath kii tarikh "anumaanit" arab raajaon kii soochi kii vyakhya parr nirbhar karati haye joe isamen shamil haye. yeye fateem khalifa prateet hotey hain, aur isaliye kaam yoddha kaal kaa honah chaahiye. haalaanki yeh 8veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein huaa haye. maanaa jaataa haye kii iss kaam kaa lekhak 7veen shatabdi key kalmaun key bhikshu saimuel hain.
jey dwara ack asantoshjanak sanskaran mein ack francisi anuvaad key saath paath sampaadit kiya gayaa haye. ziyaad.

