
americi swatantrata leag

american liberty leag 1934 mein gathit ack americi raajneetik sangathan thaa. isaki sadasyata mein mukhya roop seey ameer vyaparik abhijaat varg aur pramukh raajneetik hastiyaan shamil theen, joe adhikansh bhaag key liye roodhivaadi they joe rashtrapati franklin dee key nae saude kaa virodh karate they. roozvelt. samooh ney niji sampatti aur vyaktigat swatantrata parr jore diyaa. isake netaa joette shouse ney sadasyon seey ahwan kiya kih
yeh dou saal taka apane sandesh koo failaane mein atyadhik sakriya rhaa. 1936 mein roozvelt key bhaari chunaav key baad, isane apani gatividhiyon koo teji seey cumm curr diyaa. 1940 mein yeh poori tarah seey bhang hoe gayaa.
itihas.
gathan aur netritva.
leag key nirmaan kii ghoshana washington, dee mein kii gaee thee.see.22 agast, 1934 koo loktantravadiyon key ack samooh aur cumm sankhya mein ganarajyiyon dwara. loktaantrik rajneeti aur nishedh virodhi andolan mein pramukh rahey joette shouse samooh key pahale adhyaksh baney. leag kii karyakari samiti kii banaavat koo isaki dvidaliya prakriti koo pradarshit karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa. isamen shamil hainh johnn doubleu. davis aur all smith, rashtrapati key liye poorv loktaantrik ummidwar; ameer vyavasaayi ireni doo pont, jinhone 1928 mein all smith aur 1932 mein roozvelt kaa samarthan karane key liye ganarajya chhod diyaa; aur dou newyork ganarajya, nathan ell. miller, raajya key poorv rajyapal aur pratinidhi james doubleu. wadsworth. sangathan key shubharambh key peechhe prerak bhavna johnn jacob rascob they, joe loktaantrik rashtriya samiti key poorv adhyaksh aur nishedh key sabse pramukh virodhi, general motors key poorv nideshak aur dupont key board key sadasya they.
leag gathan key prati pratikriya aam taur parr isaki gair-pakshapaatpurna prakriti key baare mein sandigdh thee. rashtrapati roozvelt ney ack samvaadaata sammelan mein kahaa kii aisaa lagata haye kii leag kii sthaapana "duss mein seey dou aagyaon koo banaae rakhane key liye" kii gaee thee, sampatti kii raksha karane parr roque lagaana aur "apane padosi seey apane jaisa pyaar karane" key adesh seey koee prerana naheen lena."arther crock ney kuchh saptah baad, navambar key chunaav key thheek baad likhaa kii leag apane netritva samooh key aur adhik pratishthit sadasyon kii ghoshana karane key liye taiyar thee" "vishuddh roop seey raajneetik aur prashaasan virodhi rung koo samaapt karane key liye jisane shuruat mein leag koo rung diyaa thaa."
leag ney 25 kii ack rashtriya karyakari samiti aur lagbhag 200 kii ack rashtriya salaahkaar parishad kaa naam rakhaa. jinake naam seey ack bhaugolik roop seey vividh samooh kaa gathan kiya gayaa, lagbhag sabhi americi udyog key uchch star seey liye gaye they. ullekhaniya apvaadon mein hollywood film nirmaata haal roach aur nausena key naayak richmond pierson hobson shamil they. adhik vishisht they alfred pee. slone, junier. samanya motors aur jey. sunn oyal company key howard pyu.
julaai 1935 mein sadasyata 36,000 seey adhik hoe gaee, jinamen seey kewal 27 pratishat yogadankarta they. yeh janwari 1936 taka doguna hoe gayaa, 1936 key madhya mein 125,000 taka pahunch gayaa, aur phir 1936 key chunaav key baad teji seey gir gayaa.
leag ney sadasyata key liye college key chhatron koo lakshit kiya aur raajya key vishvavidyalayon mein vishesh safalata praapt kii. aprail 1936 taka 10,000 seey adhik sadasyon key saath 345 adhyaay they. shikshaavidon ney vibhinn bhoomikaaen nibhai. udaaharan key liye, newyork vishvavidyalaya key arthashastri walter spaahar ney bhaashan diye kii leag ney parche key roop mein punah prastut kiya, halanki akaadamik arthshastriyon kii ack samiti koo sangathit karane kaa prayaas whiffle rhaa.
kathit sajish.
sevaanivritt marine corps mejar general smedley butler ney navambar 1934 mein aarop lagaaya kii gerald see naam kaa ack bonned salesman. mcguire ney unhein bataaya kii leag key netaa chaahte they kii butler rashtrapati franklin roozvelt koo ukhaad fenkane key liye ack takhtapalat mein 500,000 diggajon kaa netritva karey. butler aur mcguire leag mein sakriya naheen they aur unhone aaropon koo murkhtapurna bataate hue khariz curr diyaa. butler ney sweekaar kiya kii leag key kissy bhee adhikaari ney unase kabhi sampark naheen kiya aur sweekaar kiya kii unhein yeh kahani magwire seey millie, joe ack sthaaniya bonned vikreta thaa jisaki leag mein koee bhoomika naheen thee. magwire ney congress koo bataaya kii aisee koee sajish naheen thee, aur itihaaskaar aaropon parr vibhajit hain. butler vampanthi samoohon koo diye gaye bhashanon mein sajish key baare mein apane daavon koo dohrate they.
1936 kaa abhiyaan.
roozvelt key abhiyaan prabandhak ney liberty leag parr "republican rashtriya samiti kaa sahayogi" honey kaa aarop lagaaya joe "karyakarta koo usaki budhaape mein sookhane key liye nichod dega aur usey ack narangi chhaal kii tarah kachare key balt mein daal dega."
gantantra abhiyaan, leag kii gair-pakshapaat kii ghoshana seey santusht naheen thaa, ise "landon abhiyaan key saath bahut karibi gathbandhan seey door rahane key liye kahaa."aff. dee. aar. key abhiyaan prabandhak ney usa jaankaari kaa upayog yeh kahane key liye kiya kii leag ney itna buraa vyavhaar kiya thaa kii ise" niyamit ganarajya sangathan dwara aswikar kiya jaanaa thaa ", leag koo gair-pakshapaat key virodh mein aakarshit karate hue joe isaki pakshapaatpurna bhoomika koo ujagar kartaa haye.
vighatan.
1936 key chunaavon key baad, jisamen aff. dee. aar. ney bhaari bahumat seey jeet hassil kii aur unaki party ney congress key donon sadanon mein apane bahumat kaa vistaar kiya, leag ney apani saarvajanik gatividhiyon koo samaapt curr diyaa aur khud koo kaanoon kii sameeksha karane aur congress key sadasyon koo apane aaklan bhejane taka seemit curr diyaa. ack chhota rashtriya karmchari banaa rhaa, lekin sabhi raajya aur sthaaniya karyalaya bund rahey. kewal teen doo pont bhaaiyon, ireni, lamot aur piyare ney sangathan koo vittaposhit kiya, jaba taka kii doo ponts ney apane vittiya sansadhanon kaa adhik seey adhik hissa republican wilkie key 1940 key abhiyaan mein samarpit karane kaa faisala naheen kiya. leag ney sitambar 1940 mein apana washington karyalaya bund curr diyaa.
shiksha karyakram.
leag ney apane pahale dou varshon key dauran 135 parche key khitabon kaa utpaadan kiya, joe daak dwara aasaan vitaran key liye mudrit they. unamen seey aadhe leag adhikaariyon yaa isake sabse pramukh samarthakon dwara diye gaye bhashanon yaa radio sambodhanon key roop mein utpann hue. kull paanch seey adhik pratiyaan samachar patron aur sarkari agencies, saarvajanik aur college pustakalayon, congress key sabhi sadasyon aur anya raajneetik samoohon koo gaeen, joe aksar anya prakashanon mein naee kahaaniyan aur reportein utpann karati theen. isane adhik lokpriya shally mein dou prishthon vaale masik bulletin kaa bhee nirmaan kiya, lekin parche key roop mein usee darshakon koo vitarit kiya. ack alag prachaar ranneeti jisane leag kii bhoomika koo cumm karke dikhaaya, vaha thee ack syndicated samachar seva kaa nirmaan. 1936 key anta mein apane bund honey seey pahale, leag paschimi samachar patra sangh key madhyam seey 1600 samachar patron taka pahunch gaee. anta mein, leag ney muft radio samay key prastaavon kaa laabh uthaaya.
pada.
vivadaspad rashtriya punarpraapti prashaasan (aine. aar. aeye.) key sambandh mein, leag dwidha mein thee. juate shouse, leag key adhyaksh ney tippani kii kii "aine. aar. aeye. ney viniyaman key prayaas kii anuchit jyadatiyon mein lipt rhaa haye"; doosari or, unhone kahaa kii "kaee mamalon mein [aine. aar. aeye.] ney ack upayogi uddeshya puuraa kiya haye."shaaus ney kahaa kii unhein nra key lakshyon key saath" gahari sahaanubhooti "haye, yeh samajhaate hue kii" "jabaki main bahut dridhata seey mahsoos kartaa huun kii baal shram kaa nishedh, nyuntam majdoori kaa rakharkhaav aur kaam key ghanton kii seema vibhinn raajyon key mamalon key kshetra mein hamari sarkaar key roop mein aatee haye, phir bhee main poori tarah seey iss baat seey sahmat huun kii ack bhaari rashtriya apatkal key mamle mein sanghiya sarkaar koo seemit avadhi key liye unakaa adhikaar kshetra grahan karane kii anumati dee jaani chaahiye."
leag ney roozvelt key krishi samaayojan prashaasan koo "krishi key fasiwadi niyantran kii or ack pravritti" kaa label diyaa aur prashaasan kaa virodh karane key liye america kii kisan swatantrata parishad kaa samarthan kiya. kahaa jaataa thaa kii samajik suraksha loktantra key anta kaa prateek haye."
american liberty leag key vakeelon ney wagner adhiniyam (rashtriya shram sambandh adhiniyam) kii vaidhata koo chunauti dee, lekin 1937 mein, sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya ney qaanoon kii samvaidhaaniktaa koo barkarar rakhaa. american federation off laber ney leag parr shramik sanghon mein ghuspaith karane aur hadtaalon aur hinsa koo bhadkane key liye jasuson koo kaam parr rakhane kaa aarop lagaaya.
dhana.
rashtriya star parr, leag key chhah saal key jeevan mein kull kharch $1,200,000 thaa, jisamen seey duss laakh seey adhik 1936 key chunaav seey pahale isake sabse sakriya maheenon key dauran kharch kiya gayaa thaa. ameer daandaataon kaa varchasva rhaa, jisase "dou darjan seey cumm bankers, udyogpatiyon aur vyapariyon" kaa rashtriya star parr leag key 1935 key aadhe seey adhik dhana key liye yogdan thaa, jisamen doo pont parivaar kull kaa 30 pratishat key liye jimmedaar thaa. agale varsh, 30 daandaataon ney dou-tihai raashi pradaan kii aur kull mein doo ponts kaa hissa 25 pratishat seey adhik hoe gayaa. 1936 key chunaavon key baad kuchh logon ney yogdan karna jaari rakhaa.
1936 key abhiyaan key dauran, aff. dee. aar. key abhiyaan prabandhak, postmaster general james farley ney iska majaak udaate hue ise "doo pont liberty leag" kahaa."
viraasat.
1940 mein, pulitzer puraskar vijeta washington reporter aur baad mein stambhakaar thomas ell. stokes ney americi swatantrata leag koo peechhe mudkar dekhaa aur ise nae saude key loktantravadiyon key liye "ack bahut hii kamjor pual aadami" kahaa. unhone apani loktaantrik pehchaan parr jore diye binaa likhaa kii aff. dee. aar. 1936 mein chunaav ladanaa chaahte they. roodhivaadi loktantriyon key leag key gathbandhan ney "jinamen bahut pahale rank aur file ney vishvaas khou diyaa thaa" jaise kii "roodhivaadi ganarajyiyon key saath all smith, jinamen seey mahaan nigamon key vakeel they" ney rashtrapati roozvelt key samarthakon koo unhein paaramparik raajnetaon aur raajneetik gathbandhanon seey swatantra vyakti key roop mein prastut karane mein madad kii.
1950 mein, roozvelt key uttaradhikari hairi truman ney una alochakon koo 1930 key dashak key swatantrata sangh key uttaradhikari key roop mein unake karyakramon koo "samaajvaad" karaar diyaa.
jey. chappel hill mein north carolina vishvavidyalaya mein americi itihas kii professor carlile citterson ney americi swatantrata leag koo "selophane leag" key roop mein varnit kiya-kyonki yeh ack dupont utpaad thaa, aur "aap isake madhyam seey dekh sakate they!"