hardtop

ack hardtop automobile chhat kaa ack kathor roop haye, aamtaur parr dhaatu, aur vaahan key design, taakat aur shally kaa abhinn anga haye.
seemit mamalon mein ack kathor chhat alag karane yogya (aksar trunk mein store karane key liye design kii gaee), yaa vaahan key bheetar hii vaapas lene yogya hoe sakati haye.
stambhaheen kathor sheersh" (jise aksar kewal "kathor sheersh" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye) binaa bee-stambh vaali kaaron kii ack shaaririk shally haye.
stambhaheen kathor sheersh.
stambhaheen hardtop (sankshipt roop seey "hardtop") dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad kaa ack kaar shareer haye jise binaa kissy kendra yaa bee-stambh yaa kaanch key frame key design kiya gayaa haye. yadi khidki key kaanch key frame maujood hain, tou unhein neeche kiye jaane parr khidki key saath vaapas lene key liye design kiya gayaa haye. yeh kaar key kinare nirbaadh kaanch kii chhaap paida kartaa haye. yahaan taka kii paccard jaise chhote vaahan nirmaataon ney bhee 1952 mein dou darvaajon vaale hardtops kii shuruat kii, joe kii ack convertible jaisi dikhane vaali kaaron key liye america key nae khoje gaye shauk kii pratikriya thee, lekin dou darvaajon vaali sedan kii suvidha thee."
ack udaaharan mein stylists ney ack hardtop chhat mein galat ribbing jodee taaki yeh ack convertible topp kii tarah dikhaai dey.
1960 key dashak key madhya taka vaikalpik vinail chhatein lagbhag sabhi model lines mein vyaapak roop seey upalabdh hoe gaeen, joe hardtops mein parivartaniya roop koo majboot karati hain.
ack stambhaheen kathor sheersh swabhavik roop seey ack stambhit shareer kii tulanaa mein cumm kathor hotaa haye, jise hilane seey rokane key liye shareer key neeche atirikt shakti kii aavashyakta hoti haye. utpaadan hardtops aamtaur parr samkaaleen parivartaniya model key frame yaa prabalit shareer sanrachana koo saajha karate hain, jise ack nishchit chhat kii kamee kii bharpai key liye prabalit kiya jaataa haye. hardtop design koo aalochana millie kii isaki chhat kii sanrachana rollover crashes kii sthiti mein paryaapt suraksha pradaan naheen curr sakati haye. haalaanki, baad key shodh ney bataaya kii gambhir yaa gambhir darein
hardtop model (donon 2 aur 4-door sanskaran) mein ghaatak chot, saath hii saath chaar-door station vaigan, sedan kii tulanaa mein kaafee cumm they, jabaki una hii shareer shailiyon key liye kissy bhee degree kii chot kii darr bhee kaafee cumm thee. rollover pareekshan upkaranon key mulyankan key liye 1980 key ack adhyayan mein bataaya gayaa kii chhat koo adhik matra mein kuchalana hardtop boddy shailiyon seey judaa thaa, lekin gambhir yatri chot kii ghatana anya kaar boddy shailiyon kii tulanaa mein adhik baar naheen hui thee.
hardtop boddy style 1970 key dashak key madhya mein convertible key saath gayab honey luggy, aanshik roop seey ack chinta kii baat haye kii yuu.aiss. sanghiya suraksha niyam stambhaheen model key liye paarit karna mushkil hoga. monocock nirmaan kii chadhaai ney bhee stambhaheen design koo cumm vyaavhaarik banaa diyaa. kuchh models ney sanshodhit chhat kii shally koo apanaaya, bee-stambhon koo rangeen side vindo glass key peechhe rakhaa aur pratyek stambh key baahari hisse koo kaale rung mein chitrit kiya taaki unhein cumm dikhaai dey, vaastav mein stambh koo chhode binaa ack kathor roop banaaya jaa sakey. 1970 key dashak key madhya seey anta taka kuchh models ney apane pichhale dou-darvaajon vaale hardtop boddy koo jaari rakhaa, lekin nishchit pichhali khidakiyon yaa vibhinn prakaar key vinail chhat aur opera vindo upchaar key saath.
1990 key dashak key anta taka, lagbhag sabhi hardtop designs koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki sanrachanaatmak akhandata manakon mein vriddhi jaari thee.
hardtops aam taur parr niyamit sedan model kii tulanaa mein adhik mahange they jaba nae they. way usee vaahan key maanak model kii tulanaa mein adhik sangrahaniya hain jinamen bee-pillar hotaa haye.
utpatti.
shuruati automobile mein koee chhat yaa kinare naheen they, lekin 1900 taka kaee kaaron koo kapade kii chhaton aur adim taha vaale sheershon key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, poori tarah seey bund nikaayon vaali kaaren (i.ee. ack kathor chhat aur kinaaron key saath) lokpriyata mein vriddhi hui aur jald hii yeh maanak bunn gayaa.
1915-1918 mein, pahali stambhaheen hardtop kaaron kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa, phir unhein "convertible kaar" (yaa "touring sedan" yaa "springfields") kahaa jaataa thaa. springfield design mein darvaajon parr oopari frame koo modana aur peechhe key kaanch key frame hataane yogya hotey hain aur seeton key neeche yaa peechhe sangraheet kiye jaate hain. kishoravastha key anta mein, cadillac ney hataane yogya "bee" stambhon key saath ack sedan kii peshkash kii.
praarambhik stambhaheen hardtop kaa ack anya roop "california topp" haye, joe loss angils mein utpann huaa aur 1917 seey 1927 taka sabse lokpriya thaa. inhen behtar mausam suraksha key liye kaar key kinaaron koo gherne key liye, touring kaaron kii taha chhaton koo badalane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. inn bajar key baad key sheershon kaa ack uddeshya bund kaar kii laagat koo sambandhit khuli kaaron kii kimaton key karib laana thaa. automobile dealers koo ack khuli kaar koo california topp seey lais karane key liye protsaahit kiya gayaa thaa taaki way yeh pradarshit curr sakein kii way garmiyon mein thhandi aur saaf aur sardiyon mein germ aur sookhi hoti hain."haard topp aksar celluloid khidakiyon seey lais they joe ack khuli aur bund kaar key beach cumm laagat vaale samjhaute kii peshkash karane vaale khule pakshiya motoring key liye ack roller blind kii tarah peechhe hutt jaate they.
sanyukt raajya america.
1916 seey kaee prakaar kii hardtop jaisi shareer shailiyaan theen. chrysler nigam ney 1946 mein saat stambhaheen shahar aur desh key hardtop koop koo avadharana vaahanon key roop mein banaaya, aur yahaan taka kii usa varsh apane vigyaapan mein shareer shally koo bhee shamil kiya jise shahar aur desh custom club koop kahaa jaataa thaa. 1951 mein, plymouth ney 1953 taka cranbrook belvedere koo cumm keemat vaale hardtop too-door key roop mein pesh kiya.
hardtops kaa badey paimaane parr utpaadan general motors key saath shuru huaa, jisane 1949 mein book roadmaster rivera, oldsmobile 98 holiday aur cadillac koop dee wille key roop mein dou-darwaaje, stambhaheen hardtops launch kiye. way kathit taur parr ack vyaapaari karyakari kii patni seey prerit they joe hamesha convertible chalaati thee, lekin kabhi bhee sheersh koo neeche naheen karati thee.
casser-fraser 1949 virginian chaar darvaajon vaale hardtop kaa ack praarambhik udaaharan thaa, halanki ack hataane yogya patale, crome-aur-glass 'bee' stambh key saath paanch shikanja dwara aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. kaar koo ack parivartaniya roop key liye design kiya gayaa thaa aur chhat parr padded nylon yaa kapas lagaaya gayaa thaa joe naram-sheersh upasthiti mein yogdan detaa haye.
dou-darvaajon vaale hardtops 1950 key dashak mein upbhoktaon key beach lokpriya hoe gaye, jabaki dou-darvaajon vaale sedan boddy design kharidaaron key beach pasand seey baahar hoe gayaa.
1955 mein, general motors ney pahale chaar-darwaaje vaale hardtops kii shuruat kii. dou-darvaajon vaale roopon dwara sthaapit pattern kaa paalan karate hue, jee. aim. ney uttari america mein apane sabhi brandon key bheetar stambhaheen chaar-darvaajon vaale shareer key prakaron key liye ack hii vishesh upa-naam kaa upayog kiya. dee wille shabd kaa upayog cadillac key liye kiya jaataa thaa, rivera kaa upayog bick key liye kiya jaataa thaa, chhutti kaa upayog oldsmobile key liye kiya jaataa thaa, catalina kaa upayog pontiac key liye kiya jaataa thaa, aur bell air kaa upayog chevrolet key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
anya nirmaataon ney bhee apane stambhaheen model key liye vishesh naam naamit kiye. ford unhein victoria kahate they, chrysler ney newport kaa upayog kiya aur unake lakjari division imperial ney southampton naam kaa upayog kiya, packered ney unhein mayfair naam diyaa, aur hudson hollywood they. naish ney country club upnaam kaa upayog kiya, jabaki stambhaheen studbaker starliners they, ack naam jiska upayog baad mein ford dwara apane galaxy hardtop key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
1956 taka pratyek pramukh yuu.aiss. vaahan nirmaata ney ack vishesh model lineup mein dou-aur chaar-darvaajon vaale hardtops kii peshkash kii. general motors ney apane nae model koo phir seey taiyar kiya aur abb sabse cumm keemat vaali lines koo chhodkar harr division aur lagbhag harr shrinkhala mein chaar-door hardtops kii peshkash kii. chrysler ney imperial, chrysler, desoto, dozz aur plymouth seey laker harr brand key liye dou aur chaar darvaajon vaale hardtops kii bhee peshkash kii.
1956 mein, americi motors nigam dwara rambler line mein pahale chaar-darvaajon vaale hardtop station vaigan pesh kiye gaye they. agale varsh, paaraa yatri hardtop vaigan dou-aur chaar-darwaaje vaali shareer shailiyon donon mein upalabdh hoe gaye. chrysler ney 1964 key dauran chrysler aur dozz 880 lines donon mein chaar darvaajon vaale hardtop station vaigan banaae.
1960 key dashak key dauran dou-darvaajon vaalaa stambhaheen hardtop adhikansh panktiyon mein sabse lokpriya shareer shally thee jahaan iss tarah key model kii peshkash kii gaee thee. yahaan taka kii parivaar key prakaar key vaahanon jaise kii chevrolet impala parr bhee, dou darvaajon vaali hardtop niyamit roop seey chaar darvaajon vaali sedan koo bechati haye. kuchh kaar laainen (jaise kii 1957-64 cadillac aur 1965-69 corvire) kewal binaa kissy sedan key stambhaheen model pesh karati hain. itane prachalit they kii "lokpriya yantriki" koo yeh varnan karna thaa kii nae poorna aakar key 1967 key puraane mobile delmont model mein "ack stambh" sedan bhee shamil thaa.
yuu.aiss. udyog key antim stambhaheen dou-darwaaje aur chaar-darwaaje vaale hardtops 1978 key chrysler newport aur nyu yorker lines mein they. taba seey, naheen yuu.aiss. nirmaata ney niyamit utpaadan mein ack vaastavik hardtop kii peshkash kii haye.
europe.
vibhinn europeeya nirmaataon ney binaa bee-piller (aamtaur parr koop) key hardtops kaa utpaadan kiya haye, haalaanki, unhein shayed hii kabhi stambhaheen hardtops key roop mein vipanan kiya jaataa haye. udaharanon mein vartamaan bentley mahadvipiya gt, 2008 bentley brooklands, 2001-2003 reynolt avantime, rolls-royce raith aur 2012-current ford bee-max shamil hain. 1958-1964 faces vega utkrishtata europe mein utpaadit kuchh chaar-door hardtops mein seey ack haye.
german stambhaheen hardtops mein townus brand kii kaaren shamil theen joe ford kaa ack upa brand thaa. arthaat ford taunus taunus aur ford ford jisamen jisamen aur aur donon sanskaran shamil hain. unake paas bee stambhon key saath niyamit koop sanskaran they lekin hardtop taunus model mein koee bee stambh naheen thaa aur jaba sabhi khidakiyan neeche ludhak jaati theen, tou aapako kaar key ander ack khuli havaa kaa ehsas hotaa thaa.
british stambhaheen hardtops mein sunbeam rapier aur ford consul capri (355) shamil they, joe americi model key vipareet, apane niyamit kendra stambh sailoon sanskaranon kii tulanaa mein cumm kaaren bechate they.
ack naee mini dou-door sedan koo sanyukt raajya america mein ack hardtop key roop mein vipanan kiya gayaa haye, aur yeh poori tarah seey ack kii tarah baahari parr chamkila haye, joe ander seey ack sanrachanaatmak bee-pillar koo chhupaata haye joe nishchit pichhali khidakiyon parr ack kaale kinare seey prachhann haye.
japan.
julaai 1965 mein toyota ney japan kaa pahala 2-door hardtop koop pesh kiya, aur agast 1967 mein unhone toyota toyota mein 1,587 cc dohsi dohsi injan sthaapit kiya. isake baad kaee nirmaataon ney ack lakjari kaar key roop mein lokpriya bodystyle kii peshkash kii. 1970 key dashak key dauran, toyota ney ack stambhaheen dou-darwaaje vaale kathor sanskaran mein toyota mukut kaa utpaadan kiya. nissan ney nissan cedric aur nissan gloria key saath 4-door sedan aur 2-door hardtop boddy shailiyon mein anusaran kiya, jisamen baad vaalaa "ack premium gunavatta vaali vyaktigat kaar key roop mein prastut kiya gayaa."subaru ney 1971 mein subaru leone key saath ack vaastavik dou-darwaaje vaale hardtop key roop mein ack nayaa compact koop pesh kiya. stambhaheen hardtop model sedan sanskaranon kii tulanaa mein adhik mahange aur shandar they.
1980 key dashak mein, toyota ney apane laurel key saath nishan II, nissan key saath design jaari rakhaa, majda ney 1989 seey 2009 taka apane luce aur subaru kaa vipanan kiya, halanki chhipi hui bee stambh key saath sanskaran mein paaramparik frame vaali khidki key design key paksh mein bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, kaanch kii chandwa shally vaigan chhodane key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa.
alag karane yogya hardtops.
ack alag karane yogya hardtop ack kathor, hataane yogya chhat panel haye jise aksar kaar key trunk/boot mein sangraheet kiya jaataa haye.
vaapas lene yogya hardtops.
ack vaapas lene yogya hardtop (jise koop convertible yaa koop cabriolet key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) ack prakaar kaa convertible haye joe swachaalit roop seey sanchaalit, bahu-bhaag, swa-bhandaran chhat key paksh mein ack folding textile chhat koo chhod detaa haye jahaan kathor chhat khand apaardarshi, parbhasi yaa swatantra roop seey sanchaalit hotey hain.

