
seville kaa taifa

seville kaa taifa ("taifat-oo ishbiliah") ack arab raajya thaa jiss parr abdid rajvansh kaa shasson thaa. yeh 1023 mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa aur 1091 taka chalaa, joe aaj dakshini spen aur purtagaal haye. isane cordoba key khalifa seey swatantrata praapt kii aur 11veen shatabdi key madhya mein apane shasson vaale kshetra kaa vistaar kiya. castile kii ubharati shakti ney seville koo almoravids seey sainya sahaayata maangane key liye prerit kiya, jinhone taba seville parr kabja curr liya thaa.
itihas.
taifa" (riyasat) ack chhote seey, kamjor-sanrakshit kshetra key roop mein shuru huaa jisamen aadhunik spanish praanton seville, huelva aur kadiz key kuchh hisse shamil they, lekin isake shasakon dwara vistaar kii neeti shuru karane key baad, jaldi hii usa samay key sabse shaktishali taifa key roop mein ubhara.
seville kaa pahala ameer aboo all-kasim (1023-1042) thaa. vaha seville kaa kaadi thaa aur 1031 mein isake patan key baad usane cordoba key khalifa seey swatantrata kii ghoshana kii, aur seville kaa ameer abad bunn gayaa. unake putra, ababad dwiteeya all-muu 'tadid (1042-1069) joe unake uttaradhikari baney, ney apane shasankal key dauran mertola, neebla, sultace aur huelva, sylves, saanta maria dee algarve parr vijay praapt karke typha kaa vistaar kiya.
unake bete, muhammad all-muu 'taimid (1069-1091) ney seville koo ibero-muslim sanskriti key ack pramukh kendra mein badal diyaa. unhone 1071 mein cordoba parr kabja curr liya, aur 1091 taka shahar parr ack anishchit pakad banaae rakhee (1075-1078 mein ack sankshipt antaral key saath). jabaki unake vazeer aur saathi kavi ibn ammar ney mursia parr vijay praapt kii.
phir bhee, abad rajvansh ney aragon, valencia mein castile kii sainya safaltaon seey aur vishesh roop seey 1085 mein raajaa alphonso vee key netritva mein toldo key patan seey asurakshit mahsoos kiya. all-muu 'taimid ney castillion key khilaf ladane key liye vartamaan morakko key ack rajvansh, almoravid seey sahaayata kaa anurodh kiya. almoravid ney aljisiras mein khud koo sthaapit kiya, aur 1086 mein saggarajon kii ladaai mein isaaiyon koo haraane key baad, 1091 mein seville sahit anya muslim taifa parr kabja curr liya. isake baad, almoravid vartamaan spen key vishal hisson parr kabja curr lenge aur unhein niyantrit karenge. shahar koo tabah karane key baad, all-mutamid ney apane beton koo apani zaan bachaane key liye shaahi kille (seville key vartamaan alkar kaa sthaan) koo aatmasamarpan karane kaa adesh diyaa. unhein aghmat mein bandee banaa liya gayaa, jahan unhein 1095 mein fansi dee gaee.
raajaon kii vijay key liye sazishon aur utsukta key alawa, usa samay key kaee kalakar seville key darbar mein chaley gaye, jaisa kii almeria kavi ibn all-abbar aur abumir ibn maslama ney kiya thaa. abul-valeed all-himyari ney una donon kii saahityik kritiyon kaa sankalan kiya.
sanskriti.
yeh shahar 11veen shatabdi key uttaraardh seey vibhinn prakaar key chamak key bartanon kaa utpaadan kartaa thaa. ebro ghaati seey chamak key kaee tukade paae gaye they joe seville key taifa mein baney cheeni mitty key samaan sajawat kaa sanket dete they. inn cheeni mitty key bartanon mein seville key dou abdid rajkumaron key shilalekh hain, jinaki pehchaan unake uchit naamon aur upadhiyon seey kii jaati haye. inn utpaadan kendron koo 11veen shatabdi key anta mein kaee dashakon taka abdid rajkumaron key adhikaar mein sanchaalit kiya gayaa thaa.
prateek.
itihas mein ack aise samay kaa ullekh haye jaba almoravid ack safed jhande key neeche ladey they, jabaki ameer all-muu 'taimid jaise auralusi sanic alag-alag harey jhandon key neeche ladey they, jinn parr islami granth likhe gaye they. maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh vartamaan aurlushian dhwaj kii utpatti haye, jiska upayog vartamaan mein swaayatt kshetra dhwaj key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, jise arbonida kahaa jaataa haye.

