vyaapaar niyam

ack vyaavsaayik niyam vyavasaay key kuchh pahaluon koo paribhaashit yaa baadhit kartaa haye. ise taba kii jaane vaali kaarravaai koo nirdisht karane key liye vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye jaba kuchh shartein sahee houn yaa unhein shabdabaddh kiya jaa sakey taaki yeh kewal sahee yaa galat hoe sakey. vyaavsaayik niyamon kaa uddeshya vyaavsaayik sanrachana koo majboot karna yaa vyavasaay key vyavhaar koo niyantrit yaa prabhaavit karna haye. vyavasaay niyam una sanchaalan, paribhashaon aur baadhaon kaa varnan karate hain joe kissy sangathan parr lagu hotey hain. vyavasaay key niyam kissy sangathan mein logon, prakriyaon, nigamit vyavhaar aur computing pranaliyon parr lagu hoe sakate hain, aur sangathan koo apane lakshyon koo praapt karane mein madad karane key liye rakhe jaate hain. udaaharan key liye, ack vyaavsaayik niyam mein kahaa jaa sakata haye kii "vaapsee karane vaale grahakon parr koee credit check naheen kiya jaanaa haye. vyaavsaayik niyamon key anya udaharanon mein ack kiraaye key agent koo kiraaye key kirayedar koo anumati naheen dene kii aavashyakta hoti haye yadi unaki credit rating bahut cumm haye, yaa company agents koo pasandida aapurtikartaon aur aapoorti anusuchi kii soochi kaa upayog karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. jabaki ack vyaavsaayik niyam anaupchaarik yaa alikhit bhee hoe sakata haye, niyamon koo spasht roop seey pralekhit karna aur yeh sunishchit karna kii way virodhabhasi naa houn, ack moolyavaan gatividhi haye. jaba saavdhaanipoorvak prabandhit kiya jaataa haye, tou niyamon kaa upayog sangathan koo lakshyon koo behtar dhang seey praapt karane, bajar key vikas mein baadhaon koo door karane, mahangi galatiyon koo cumm karane, sanchaar mein sudhaar karane, kanuni aavashyaktaon kaa paalan karane aur graahak kii wafadari badhaane mein madad karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
parichay.
vyavasaay key niyam ack sangathan koo vistaar seey bataate hain kii vaha kyaa curr sakata haye, jabaki ranneeti bataati haye kii parinamon koo anukoolit karane key liye vyavasaay koo vrihat star parr kaise kendrit kiya jaae. ack ranneeti iss baare mein uchch-stariya disha pradaan karati haye kii ack sangathan koo kyaa karna chaahiye. vyaavsaayik niyam iss baare mein vistrit margadarshan pradaan karate hain kii kaise ack ranneeti koo kaarravaai mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye.
kissy sangathan key liye vyaavsaayik niyam maujood hotey hain chaahe way kabhi likhe gaye houn, charcha kiye gaye houn yaa sangathan kii chetna kaa hissa bhee houn. haalaanki sangathanon key liye vyaavsaayik niyamon koo ikattha karna ack kaafee aam pratha haye. yeh dou tarikon mein seey ack mein hoe sakata haye.
sangathan niyamon kaa ack databases taiyar karate hue apani vyaavsaayik prathaon kaa sakriya roop seey varnan karane kaa vikalp chuna sakate hain. halanki yeh gatividhi fayademand hoe sakati haye, lekin yeh mahangi aur samay lene vaali hoe sakati haye. udaaharan key liye, way vartamaan mein vyavhaar mein vibhinn manakon aur vidhiyon koo dastaavez aur samekit karane key liye sangathan key madhyam seey jaanch karane key liye ack salaahkaar koo niyukt curr sakate hain.
vyaapaar niyamon koo ikattha karane koo niyam kataai yaa vyaapaar niyam khanan bhee kahaa jaataa haye. vyavasaay vishleshak yaa salaahkaar isake dastavejon (jaise upayog mamle, vinirdesh yaa pranali code) seey niyam nikaal sakate hain. way vishay vastu visheshagyon (aamtaur parr aiss. aim. ee. aiss. key roop mein sankshipt) key saath karyashalaon aur sakshatkaron kaa bhee ayojan curr sakate hain. viraasat srot code yaa vaastavik upayogkarta vyavhaar key vishleshan key madhyam seey vyaavsaayik niyamon koo pakadane key liye design kii gaee software praudyogikiyan niyam ekatra karane kii prakriya mein teji laa sakati hain.
adhik samanya roop seey, vyaavsaayik niyamon kii khoj aur pralekhan ack pariyojana key praarambhik charanon key dauran anaupchaarik roop seey kiya jaataa haye. iss mamle mein, vyaavsaayik niyamon kaa sangrah aakasmik haye. isake alawa, vyaavsaayik pariyojanaaen, jaise kii ack nae utpaad kaa shubharambh yaa ack jatil prakriya kii punah engineering, nae vyaavsaayik niyamon kii paribhasha kii or leey jaa sakati hain. aakasmik yaa ubharate hue vyaavsaayik niyam ekatra karane kii yeh pratha vibhinn sangathanaatmak ikaaiyon key bheetar yaa samay key saath ack hii sangathanaatmak ikai key bheetar asangat yaa yahaan taka kii paraspar virodhi vyaavsaayik niyamon key nirmaan key liye asurakshit haye. yeh visangati aisee samasyaaen paida karati haye jinhen dhoondhana aur thheek karna mushkil hoe sakata haye.
vyavasaay niyamon kaa drishtikon.
vyaavsaayik pariyojanaon key dauran vyaavsaayik niyamon koo pralekhit karane kii anumati denaa pahale drishtikon kii tulanaa mein cumm kharchila aur puuraa karna aasaan haye, lekin yadi niyamon koo ack susangat tareeke seey ekatra naheen kiya jaataa haye, tou way moolyavaan naheen hain. vyavasaay key niyamon koo ikattha karane aur dastavejikaran karane key sarvottam tarikon key baare mein vyavsaayiyon koo sikhaane key liye, vyavasaay vishleshan key visheshagyon ney vyavasaay key niyamon kii karyapranali banaai haye. yeh karyapranali vyaavsaayik niyamon koo praakritik bhasha mein, satyapan yogya aur samajhane yogya tareeke seey pakadane kii prakriya koo paribhaashit karati haye. iss prakriya koo seekhana mushkil naheen haye, ise vaastavik samay mein kiya jaa sakata haye, aur vyaavsaayik hitdhaarakon koo apane swayam key vyaavsaayik niyamon koo lagaatar prabandhit karane key liye sashakt banaata haye.
shreniyaan.
vyaapaar niyam samooh dwara shwet patra key anusaar, ack vyavasaay niyam kaa bayaan chaar shreniyon mein seey ack mein aataa haih
ack vyaavsaayik niyam kaa sabse buniyaadi tatva ise vyakt karane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali bhasha haye. kissy shabd kii paribhasha apane aap mein ack vyaavsaayik niyam haye joe bataata haye kii loga cheejon key baare mein kaise sochate hain aur baat karate hain. iss prakaar, ack shabd koo paribhaashit karna vyavasaay niyam kii ack shreni sthaapit karna haye. shabdon koo paaramparik roop seey ack shabdawali mein yaa ack vaichaarik model mein sansthaon key roop mein pralekhit kiya gayaa haye.
kissy sangathan kii prakriti yaa sanchaalan sanrachana koo una tathyon key sandarbh mein varnit kiya jaa sakata haye joe ack dusare seey sambandhit hain. yeh kahana kii ack graahak order dey sakata haye, ack vyaavsaayik niyam naheen haye, balki ack "tathya" haye. tathyon koo praakritik bhasha vaakyon key roop mein yaa ack chitraatmak model mein sambandhon, visheshtaon aur saamaanyikaran sanrachanaon key roop mein pralekhit kiya jaa sakata haye.
pratyek udyam kissy naa kissy tarah seey vyavhaar koo baadhit kartaa haye, aur yeh iss baat kii baadhaon seey nikatata seey sambandhit haye kii kaun seey detta koo adyatan kiya jaa sakata haye yaa naheen bhee. kaee mamalon mein, kissy record koo banaae jaane seey rokna, kissy kaarravaai koo honey seey rokna haye.
vyaavsaayik niyam (prakriti key niyamon sahit) yeh paribhaashit karate hain kii kaise ack roop mein gyaan koo dusare gyaan mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haye, sambhavatah ack alag roop mein.
vaastavik duniya key anuprayog aur baadhaaen.
inn sthitiyon mein vyaavsaayik niyam ekatra kiye jaate hainh 
susangat drishtikon kii yeh kamee jyaadaatar niyamon kii soochi koo banaae rakhane key liye aavashyak laagat aur prayaas key kaaran haye.
jabaki nae software upkaran vyavasaay niyam prabandhan aur nishpaadan koo sanyojit karane mein saksham hain, yeh mahsoos karna mahatvapurna haye kii yeye donon vichaar alag hain, aur pratyek ack dusare seey alag moolya pradaan kartaa haye. software package vyaavsaayik tark kaa upayog karke vyaavsaayik niyamon koo swachaalit karate hain. vyaavsaayik niyam" shabd kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi "vyaavsaayik tark" key saath ack dusare key sthaan parr kiya jaataa haye; haalaanki baad vaalaa ack engineering abhyaas aur poorv ack aantarik vyaavsaayik abhyaas koo darshaata haye. kissy sangathan key vyaavsaayik niyamon koo rekhaankit karane mein moolya haye, chaahe iss jaankaari kaa upayog usake sanchaalan koo swachaalit karane key liye kiya gayaa hoe.
niyam prabandhan aur nishpaadan key beach kii khaai koo bharane kii koshish mein ack nuksan vyaavsaayik niyamon koo tark kaa vakyavinyas dene kii koshish karna haye, aur kewal ack praakritik bhasha mein taarkik sanrachanaon kaa varnan karna haye. injanon key liye anuvaad aasaan haye, lekin vyaavsaayik upayogkarta abb niyamon koo likhane mein saksham naheen honge.
aupchaarik vinirdesh.
vyavasaay niyamon koo ekikrit modeling bhasha (yuu. aim. ell.), jaid sanketan, vyavasaay prakriya nishpaadan bhasha (bee. pee. ell.), vyavasaay prakriya modeling sanketan (bee. pee. aim. aine.), nirnay model aur sanketan (dee. aim. aine.) yaa vyavasaay shabdawali aur vyavasaay niyamon (aiss. bee. vee. aar.) key shabdarth jaise modeling drishtikonon kaa upayog karke vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye.
vyaapaar key niyam.
ack parichaalan karyakram mein computer code mein kootbaddh vyaavsaayik niyamon koo vyaavsaayik tark key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
vyaavsaayik jokhimon koo iss prakaar sanrachit kiya jaa sakata haih
 yadi <shart (oun)> tou <parinam (oun)>
ack vyaavsaayik niyam koo iss prakaar sanrachit kiya jaa sakata haih
 jaba <shart (oun)> taba <adhiropan (oun)> anyatha <parinam (oun)>

