roose mein television

roose mein television sabse lokpriya madhyam haye, jisamen 74 pratishat aabaadi niyamit roop seey rashtriya television channel dekhti haye aur 59 pratishat niyamit roop seey kshetriya channel dekhate hain. kull milakar 3300 television channel hain. digital television parr jaane seey pahale, 3 chainalon kii rashtravyapi pahunch (russie kshetra key 90 pratishat seey adhik coverage) haih channel ack, roose-1 aur aine. tii. vee..
itihas.
1941 aur 1945 key beach naazi germany key soviyat sangh parr aakraman key kaaran desh mein sabhi television prasaran baadhit hoe gaye they. inn shuruati varshon key dauran, adhikansh television karyakram soviyat sangh mein jeevan, saanskritik gatividhiyon aur khelon key baare mein they.
1956 mein ack doosara rashtriya television channel sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. gatividhi key iss praarambhik vistaar mein jyaadaatar masco shahar shamil thaa, lekin kuchh hudd taka yeh bhee kii yeh leninagrad, ural, cyberia aur ukraini ssr bhee shamil they. pratyek ganarajya, kshetra yaa kshetra kaa apana television station thaa.
1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein, television pramukh zana madhyam bunn gayaa. 1988 mein lagbhag 75 million gharon key paas television sett they, aur anumaanit 93 pratishat aabaadi television dekhti thee. masco, vaha aadhar jahan seey adhikansh television station prasaarit karate hain, desh key lagbhag 90 pratishat karyakramon koo 350 seey adhik stations aur lagbhag 1,400 rille suvidhaon kii madad seey prasaarit kartaa haye.
soviyat sangh mein television koo adyatan karna, kendriya samiti dwara isaki censorship jaari karna, desh key sambandh mein party key nae mahasachiv mikhail gorbachev key nae raajneetik pathyakram kii XXVII congress mein ghoshana key saath shuru huaa. radio aur television key adhyaksh alekjendar aksenov they.
1991 mein, soviyat yug kii gostelradio raajya pranali mein chhah rashtriya television channel, poorv soviyat ganrajyon mein 52 station aur russie sangh mein 78 kshetriya station shamil they.
aaj desh mein lagbhag 15,000 transmitter hain. multy-channel" anusandhaan karyakram key antargat gharelu digital tv transmitters kaa vikas pahale hii puuraa hoe chuka thaa. nae gharelu digital transmitter vikasit kiye gaye hain aur 2001-2002 mein nizni novgorod aur sent pietersberg mein sthaapit kiye gaye hain.
kaanoon.
russie samvidhaan koo 12 disambar, 1993 koo rashtriya janmat sangrah dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa. anuchhed 29 "vyakti aur nagrik key adhikaaron aur swatantrataon parr" vichaar aur raay kii swatantrata, vishvaason aur vishvaason kii abhivyakti kii swatantrata, aur jaankaari praapt karane, prasaarit karane, utpaadan karane aur prasaarit karane kii swatantrata key saarvbhaumik adhikaar koo sthaapit kartaa haye. yeh adhikaar kewal kaanoon dwara seemit kiya jaa sakata haye aur kewal "samvidhaan, naitikta, swaasthya, adhikaaron aur anya vyaktiyon key kanuni hiton kii raksha karane key hiton mein, yaa desh kii raksha aur rashtriya suraksha key liye". samvidhaan key anusaar, kewal kaanoon hii abhivyakti kii swatantrata koo seemit curr sakata haye aur apani abhivyakti kii seemaaen sthaapit curr sakata haye. media-vishisht sanghiya kaanoon kaa maulik tukada "maas media parr" kaanoon haye, jise 27 disambar, 1991 koo paarit kiya gayaa thaa aur 13 farwari, 1992 koo prabhaavi huaa thaa.
kaanoon soochana kii swatantrata aur censorship kii asweekaryata koo majboot kartaa haye. isamen zana madhyam kii sthaapana, swaamitva aur upayog aur soochana key prasaar koo viniyamit karane key praavdhaan bhee shamil hain. kaanoon zana-media aur nagrikon aur/yaa sangathanon key beach sambandhon koo niyantrit kartaa haye, patrakaron key adhikaaron aur daayitvon koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye aur zana-media seey sambandhit kaanoonon key ullanghan key liye jimmedaari sthaapit kartaa haye. maas media parr kaanoon niji prasaran kii anumati detaa haye aur roose mein maas media khojane key liye videshi vyaktiyon key adhikaaron koo seemit kartaa haye.
upgrah television.
pahala soviyat sanchaar upgrah, jise molnia kahaa jaataa haye, 1965 mein launch kiya gayaa thaa. navambar, 1967 taka upgrah television kii rashtriya pranali, jise orbita kahaa jaataa haye, koo tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. iss pranali mein 3 uchch andakar molnia upgrah shamil they, jisamen masco-adharit ground uplink suvidhaaen aur lagbhag 20 downlink station they, joe cyberia aur sudur poorv key dooradraj key kshetron key shaharon aur kasbon mein sthit they. pratyek station mein sthaaniya gharwalon koo tv sanketon key punah prasaran key liye ack 12-meater praapt karane vaalaa paravalayik antina aur sanchaarak they.
haalaanki, soviyat kendriya kshetron kaa ack badaa hissa abhee bhee molnia upgrahon key transponders dwara cover naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
1976 taka soviyat engineeron ney upgrah television (vishesh roop seey madhya aur uttari cyberia key liye) kii ack apekshaakrit saral aur sastee pranali vikasit kii. isamen shaktishali 300-vaat uhf transponder seey lais acron naamak bhusthaitik upgrah, ack prasaran uplink station aur cyberia key vibhinn shaharon aur gaanvon mein sthit vibhinn saral praapt karane vaale station shamil they. vishisht praapt karane vaale station, jise "acron" bhee kahaa jaataa haye, mein ack sadharan yaagi-yuda antina seey lais ack gharelu upayog analogue upgrah receiver shamil thaa. baad mein, acron upgrahon koo adhik unnat acron-aim shrinkhala upgrahon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa.
1979 mein soviyat engineeron ney upgrahon key madhyam seey prasaran aur tv sanketon koo vitarit karane kii "moskawa" (yaa mosco) pranali vikasit kii. gorizont naamak nae prakaar key bhusthaitik sanchaar upgrahon koo prakshepit kiya gayaa. way shaktishali onboard transponder seey lais they, isaliye praapt karane vaale station key paravalayik antena kaa aakar 4 aur 2.5 meater taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa (maanak kakshiya downlink stations key shuruati 12 meater vyanjanon kii tulanaa mein).
1989 taka "moskawa" pranali kaa ack behtar sanskaran, jise "moskawa global 'nayaa" (yaa mosco global) kahaa jaataa haye, pesh kiya gayaa thaa. iss pranali mein kuchh bhusthaitik gorizont aur express prakaar key sanchaar upgrah shamil they. masco vaishvik upgrahon seey television sanket kanada aur uttar-paschim america koo chhodkar grah parr kissy bhee desh mein praapt kiye jaa sakate hain.
aadhunik russie upgrah prasaran sevaaen shaktishali bhusthaitik upgrah bason jaise kii gull (upgrah), express, usp aur utelsat parr adharit hain joe laakhon gharwalon koo badee matra mein muft-seey-havaa mein television channel pradaan karati hain. paye-tv russie tv darshakon key beach lokpriyata mein badh rhaa haye. gazprom key swaamitva vaali aine. tii. vee. roose samachar company, aine. tii. vee. plus package koo 560,000 gharon mein prasaarit karati haye, joe 15 laakh seey adhik darshakon taka pahunchati haye.
inn saat upgrahon mein seey chhah nae vaahan hain. chaar "express-aim" parivaar seey sambandhit hain (2003-2005 mein kaksha mein bheje gaye), aur dou "express-aeye" parivaar seey sambandhit hain (2000-2002 mein kaksha mein bheje gaye). sesk aim. pee. ee. jee.-2/dee. vee. bee. maanak key anusaar detta parivahan pravaah key gathan key saath-saath tv/radio sanket sampeedan maanak key liye kendra kaa bhee upayog kartaa haye, joe sanghiya tv/radio chainalon seey maankeekrit sanket packages key gathan koo sunishchit kartaa haye.
maee 2013 taka, roose mein 53 million tv gharon mein seey, 24 pratishat seedhe-seey-ghar upgrah swaagat key liye susajjit they, jisase upgrah digital television key liye desh kaa agrani munch bunn gayaa. roose mein upgrah gharon kii sankhya lagaatar badh rahee haye, joe 2011 aur 2013 key beach 25 pratishat badhkar 8 million seey 12.6 million hoe gaee haye. inmein seey 10 pratishat gharon koo ack seey adhik upgrah sthiti seey sanket praapt hotey hain, jisase antena kii kull sankhya 13.8 laakh hoe jaati haye.
cable television.
cable television koo 2000 key dashak mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa, aur 2010 key dashak kii shuruat mein isamen kaafee vriddhi hui thee. cable operators ney apane network koo dee. vee. bee.-see. mein upgraded karna shuru curr diyaa aur naee sevaaon jaise kii video onn demand, catch-upp-tv aur anya koo jodana shuru curr diyaa. 2012 mein, cable television ney sabhi bhugtan-tv grahakon (58 pratishat) mein seey aadhe seey adhik kaa yogdan diyaa. adhikansh bhugtan-tv channel 2022 key ukraine parr russie aakraman key kaaran bund curr diye gaye they kyonki way gair-sarkari swaamitva vaale they.
sthaliya chainalon kaa vitaran.
sthaliya chainalon kaa vitaran ekaatmak udyam russie upgrah sanchaar company kaa kaary haye, jisake paas 11 upgrah hain, aur sanghiya ekaatmak udyam "russie tv aur radio prasaran network" roose mein 14,478 tv transmitters kii seva curr rhaa haye (kull sankhya kaa 90.9%). tv aur radio channel russie upgrah sanchaar company key swaamitva vaale sthaliya upgrah sanchaar parisaron key madhyam seey medweji ozera (), vladmir aur dabna mein sthit teleports parr prasaarit kiye jaate hain, joe roose mein sabhi paanch samay kshetron mein rtrn key antariksh vaahanon key madhyam seey chainalon key prasaran koo sunishchit karate hain.
digital prasaran.
desh koo digital prasaran kii or sthanantarit karane key prastaav taiyar karane kii prakriya mein vibhinn vikalpon parr vichaar kiya gayaa (vishayagat charcha 2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein shuru hui), lekin isake mantralaya aur sanchaar ney digital tv karyanvayan kii vidhi key roop mein poori tarah seey sthaliya prasaran parr dhyaan kendrit karane kaa faisala kiya. roose mein, digital sankraman key liye maanak nirdhaarit karane vaalaa pahala kanuni adhiniyam sarkari prastaav nam. 29 navambar 2007 kaa 1700-aar, jisane russie sangh mein tv aur radio prasaran key vikas key liye ack avadharana patra koo manjuri dee. iss dastaavez koo mool roop seey sarkaar key pahale upaadhyaksh key roop mein dimitra medvedev kii adhyakshata mein tv aur radio prasaran key vikas parr uchch-stariya sarkari aayog dwara vistrit kiya gayaa thaa.
internet tv.
russie tv internet key madhyam seey videsh mein rahane vaale kaee pravasiyon key liye upalabdh haye. kaee ott seva pradaata hain, joe sanyukt raajya america aur kanada mein russie aur ukraini pravasiyon koo lakshit karate hain.
shuruat.
disambar 2005 mein, mordovia ganarajya mein ack digital television network banaane key liye ack pariyojana shuru kii gaee thee, jahan dee. vee. bee.-tii. maanak kaa upayog kiya jaayega. pariyojana kaa uddeshya yeh sunishchit karna thaa kii aabaadi key liye, stereo prasaran mode mein aur digital dee. vee. bee.-tii. maanak mein badee sankhya mein (10 taka) tv channel aur kaee radio station praapt karane kii sambhavana hoe. iss pariyojana koo oh. jey. aiss. see. "volga telecom" (oh. jey. aiss. see. "swiazinvest" kii ack sahayak company) dwara roose key soochana praudyogiki aur sanchaar mantralaya, sanskriti mantralaya, tv prasarakon key rashtriya sangh aur mordovia ganarajya key prashaasan key samarthan seey lagu kiya gayaa thaa.
analogue seey digital praarup (dee. vee. bee.-tii maanak mein) mein sthaliya tv key sankraman kii ghoshana roose mein ack sarkari prathamikta key roop mein kii gaee haye aur russie sangh mein dee. vee. bee.-tii maanak mein sthaliya prasaran kii avadharana kii pehchaan kii gaee haye. bajar khilaadiyon kii raay key anusaar, dee. vee. bee.-tii maanak mein sthaliya prasaran kii shuruat mein mukhya sakaratmak kaarak, russie sangh mein 2008-2015 (aar. aff. sarkaar #1700-pee, dinank 29 navambar 2007 key prastaav dwara anumodit) key liye ack tv prasaran vikas dhaanche kii manjuri rahee haye.
iss avadhi key dauran analogue seey digital praarup mein sthaliya tv key sankraman mein kull nivesh 10 arab euro honey kii ummeed haye.
mukhya kaarak joe sthaliya dee. tii. vee. parichay kii daron parr uchch sakaratmak prabhaav daalate hain, way samanya raajneetik aur vrihad aarthik kaarak hotey hain. sthaliya prasaran key liye digital manakon kii shuruat kii daron parr vaanijyik karakon kaa mahatvapurna prabhaav naheen haye. digital television kii shuruat seey cable television koo sabse badaa vittiya laabh milega.
10 maee koo swiyaaj-expo-2011 key dauran, masco mein soochana praudyogikiyon aur sanchaar sevaaon kii 23veen antarrashtriya pradarshani, roose key rashtriya dursanchar operator swiazinvest ney russie television aur radio prasaran network key saath milkar desh bhar mein rrbn transmitters mein digital samagri key sthaliya prasaran koo vyavasthit karane key liye ack sahyog samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye, iss prakaar aathh sanghiya tv chainalon (channel ack, roose 1, roose 24, roose 2, roose key, channel 5, ntv, carcell) aur ack sthaaniya channel key prasaran koo saksham banaaya, jise baad vaale koo mukhya digital chainalon mein seey ack parr "multiplexes" channel key roop mein prasaarit kiya jaayega.
juuna 2011 mein masco mein dee. vee. bee.-tii. 2 pareekshan shuru hoe gaye. julaai 2011 mein tv aur radio prasaran key vikas parr russie sarkaar key aayog ney sanchaar aur zana sanchaar mantralaya key dee. vee. bee.-tii. 2 pareekshan kshetron koo shuru karane key sujhaav kaa samarthan kiya haye, sarkaar kii press seva ney ghoshana kii haye.
sitambar 2011 mein ack sarkari aayog ney roose mein digital sthaliya tv key vikas key liye liye maanak key upayog koo manjuri dee thee, jaisa kii sanchaar mantralaya dwara prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa. digital sthaliya tv network kaa vartamaan mein twer kshetra mein pareekshan kiya jaa rhaa haye. yojana key anusaar, nae kshetriya network koo dee. vee. bee.-tii. 2 maanak key tahat tainaat kiya jaayega aur maujooda dee. vee. bee.-tii. network koo nae maanak mein unnat kiya jaayega.
chainalon kii soochi.
yeh roose mein prasaarit honey vaale television chainalon kii soochi haye. 
sabse adhik dekhe jaane vaale channel.
saptahik dekhane vaale share, 5-11 juuna 2023:

