
prayogshala mouse

prayogshala chuha yaa prayogshala chuha krintak crum kaa ack chhota stanpaayi haye jise nasl aur kuchh paltu jaanvaron key liye vaigyaanik anusandhaan yaa feeder key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. prayogshala choohon mein aamtaur parr "maanspeshiyon kii maanspeshiyon" kii prajaati hoti haye. way sabse adhik upayog kiye jaane vaale standhari anusandhaan model hain aur aanuvanshiki, shareer vigyaan, manovigyaan, chikitsa aur anya vaigyaanik vishayon mein anusandhaan key liye upayog kiye jaate hain. choohe euarcontoglears vansh seey sambandhit hain, jisamen manushya bhee shamil hain. yeh ghanishth sambandh, manushyon key saath sambaddh uchch samroopata, unake rakharkhaav aur sanchaalan mein aasaani, aur unaki uchch prajanan darr, choohon koo maanav-unmukh anusandhaan key liye vishesh roop seey upayukt model banaati haye. prayogshala mouse genome koo anukramit kiya gayaa haye aur kaee mouse jeane mein maanav samroopata hoti haye. saamp key bhojan key liye paltu jaanvaron kii dukaanon mein beche jaane vaale prayogshala choohon koo bhee paltu jaanvaron key roop mein rakhaa jaa sakata haye.
prayogshala anusandhaan mein kabhi-kabhi upayog kii jaane vaali anya choohe kii prajaatiyon mein dou americi prajaatiyan shamil hain, safed pair vaalaa chuha (peromiscus leukopus) aur uttari americi hiran chuha (peromiscus maniculatus).
ack javic model key roop mein itihas.
choohon kaa upayog 17veen shatabdi (30 maee, 1678 seey) seey jaiv chikitsa anusandhaan mein kiya jaa rhaa haye jaba villium harvey ney prajanan aur rakt parisancharan parr apane adhyayan key liye unakaa upayog kiya aur robbert hook ney vayu dabaav mein vriddhi key javic parinamon kii jaanch karane key liye unakaa upayog kiya. 18veen shatabdi key dauran joseph prestly aur antoine lavoiseer donon ney shwasan kaa adhyayan karane key liye choohon kaa upayog kiya. 19veen shatabdi mein gregor mendell ney choohe key coat key rung parr viraasat kii apani praarambhik jaanch kii, lekin unake varishth ney unase apani koshika mein "badbudar jeevon kaa prajanan bund karane key liye kahaa, joe isake alawa, maithun karate they aur yaun sambandh banaate they. isake baad unhone apani jaanch mutter parr badal dee, lekin, kyonki unaki tippaniyon koo kuchh hudd taka aspasht vanaspati vigyaan patrika mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, unhein lagbhag 35 varshon taka nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa jaba taka kii 20 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein unaki phir seey khoj naheen kii gaee thee. 1902 mein lucien cunot ney choohon kaa upayog karke apane prayogon key parinam prakaashit kiye, jinase pataa chalaa kii mendell key viraasat key niyam jaanvaron key liye bhee maanya they-parinam jinaki jald hii pushti hui aur anya prajaatiyon taka vistaarit kiya gayaa.
20veen shatabdi key shuruati bhaag mein, harvard snaatak clarence cook little villium ernest casal kii prayogshala mein choohe key aanuvanshiki parr adhyayan curr rhaa thaa. little aur casal ney abby lathrop key saath nikatata seey sahyog kiya joe fancy choohon aur choohon kii ack breeder thee, jise unhone krintakon key shaukinon aur videshi paltu jaanvaron key rakhwalon koo betch diyaa, aur baad mein vaigyaanik shodhkartaon koo badee sankhya mein bechana shuru curr diyaa. unhone milkar dee. bee. aeye. (dialute, braun aur gair-egoti) nasl key choohe key nasl koo utpann kiya aur vansh key vansh key vyavasthit utpaadan kii shuruat kii. choohe kaa upayog taba seey ack aadarsh jeev key roop mein badey paimaane parr kiya jaataa rhaa haye aur yeh 20veen aur 21veen shatabdi kii kaee mahatvapurna javic khojon seey judaa huaa haye.
baar harber, maine mein jackson prayogshala vartamaan mein prayogshala choohon key duniya key sabse badey aapurtikartaon mein seey ack haye, jisamen ack varsh mein lagbhag 30 laakh choohon kii sankhya haye. prayogshala aanuvanshik roop seey paribhaashit choohon key 8,000 seey adhik upbhedon key liye duniya kaa srot bhee haye aur mouse genome soochana vigyaan databases kaa ghar haye.
prajanan.
prajanan kii shuruat mahilaaon aur purushon donon mein lagbhag 50 dinon kii umr mein hoti haye, halanki mahilaaon koo apana pahala astrus 25-40 dinon mein hoe sakata haye. choohe polyestrus hotey hain aur saal bhar prajanan karate hain; andashay swatahsfurt hotaa haye. astrus chakr kii avadhi 4-5 dinn hoti haye aur lagbhag 12 ghante taka chalati haye, joe shaam koo hoti haye. astrus chakr key charan koo nirdhaarit karane key liye samaybaddh paripath mein yoni smear upayogi hain. sambhog key baad 24 ghante taka yoni mein ack maithun plug kii upasthiti seey sambhog kii pushti kii jaa sakati haye. yoni smear parr shukranu kii upasthiti bhee sambhog kaa ack vishvasaniya sanketak haye.
ausat garbhavastha kii avadhi 20 dinn haye. ack upajaau prasavottar astrus prasav key ghanton baad hotaa haye, aur ack saath stanpan aur garbhavastha pratyaropan mein deree key kaaran garbhavastha koo 3-10 dinon taka badhaati haye. ishtatam utpaadan key dauran ausat kachra kaa aakar 10-12 hotaa haye, lekin atyadhik tanaav-nirbhar hotaa haye. ack samanya niyam key roop mein, nasl key choohon mein prajanan avadhi lambi hoti haye aur vansh key baahar aur sankar choohon kii tulanaa mein chhote kachra hotey hain. bachchon koo pille kahaa jaataa haye aur janm key samay unakaa vajan hotaa haye, way baal rahit hotey hain, aur unaki palaken aur kaana bund hotey hain. pillon koo 3 saptah kii umr mein doodh chhod diyaa jaataa haye jaba unakaa vajan lagbhag hotaa haye. yadi mahila prasavottar astrus key dauran sambhog naheen karati haye, tou vaha doodh chhodane key 2-5 dinon baad saikil chalaana phir seey shuru karati haye.
navjat purushon koo navjat mahilaaon seey alag karate hue dekhaa jaataa haye kii purush mein adhik janmajaat doori aur adhik jannang pepila haye. yeh sabse achchha haye kii yeh latermate kii poonchh koo uthaakar aur perinea kii tulanaa karke kiya jaataa haye.
aanuvanshiki aur upabhed.
choohe clade key standhari hain (ack samooh jisamen ack poorvaj aur usake sabhi vanshaj shamil hain) euarcontoglears, jiska arth haye kii way lagomorph, treasure aur udane vaale lemar key saath manushyon key nikatatam gair-primate rishtedaron mein seey hain.
prayogshala choohon kii prajaati gharelu choohe key samaan hoti haye, haalaanki way aksar vyavhaar aur shareer vigyaan mein bahut alag hotey hain. saikadon sthaapit inbread, outbread aur transgenic upabhed hain. krintakon key sandarbh mein ack "tanaav" ack aisaa samooh haye jisamen sabhi sadasya aanuvanshik roop seey lagbhag sambhav roop seey samaan hotey hain. prayogshala choohon mein, yeh prajanan key madhyam seey puuraa kiya jaataa haye. iss prakaar kii aabaadi honey seey, jeane kii bhoomikaon parr prayog karna sambhav haye, yaa aise prayog karna sambhav haye joe aanuvanshik bhinnata koo ack kaarak key roop mein baahar karate hain. isake vipareet, bahishkrit aabaadi kaa upayog taba kiya jaataa haye jaba samaan genotype anaavashyak hotey hain yaa aanuvanshik bhinnata vaali aabaadi kii aavashyakta hoti haye, aur aamtaur parr unhein "upbhedon" key bajaay "stock" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. 400 seey adhik maankeekrit, inbread upbhedon koo vikasit kiya gayaa haye.
adhikansh prayogshala choohon mein vibhinn upa-prajaatiyon key sankar hotey hain, jinamen seey sabse adhik "musculus domesticus" aur "musculus musculus" hotey hain. prayogshala choohon mein agauti, kaalaa aur albino sahit vibhinn prakaar key coat rung hoe sakate hain. kaee (lekin sabhi naheen) prayogshala upbhedon kaa prajanan kiya jaataa haye. vibhinn upbhedon kii pehchaan vishisht akshar-ankon key sanyojanon key saath kii jaati haye; udaaharan key liye c57bl/6 aur balb/c. iss tarah key pahale inbread upbhedon kaa utpaadan 1909 mein clarence cook little dwara kiya gayaa thaa, joe choohe koo ack prayogshala jeev key roop mein badhaava dene mein prabhaavshaali they. 2011 mein, yuu. mein anumaanit 83 pratishat prayogshala krintakon kii aapoorti kii gaee.aiss. way see57bl/6 prayogshala choohon they.
genome.
prayogshala mouse genome kaa anukraman 2002 key anta mein see57bl/6 strain kaa upayog karke puuraa kiya gayaa thaa. yeh manushyon key baad anukramit kiya jaane vaalaa kewal doosara standhari genome thaa. haploid genome lagbhag teen arab aadhar jode lamba haye (3,000 mb 19 autosomal gunasutron aur kramshah 1 2 ling gunasutron mein vitarit), isaliye maanav genome key aakar key barabar haye. mouse genome mein nihit jeane kii sankhya kaa anuman lagaana mushkil haye, aanshik roop seey kyonki ack jeane kii paribhasha parr abhee bhee bahas aur vistaar kiya jaa rhaa haye. prayogshala key choohe mein praathamik coding jeane kii vartamaan ginati 23,139 haye, jabaki manushyon mein anumaanit 20,774 haye.
utparivarti aur transgenic upabhed.
choohon key vibhinn utparivarti upbhedon koo kaee tarikon seey banaaya gayaa haye. kaee upalabdh upbhedon mein seey ack chhota saa chayan shamil haye -
1998 seey, vayask jaanvaron seey praapt koshikaon seey choohon kaa pratiroopan karna sambhav hoe gayaa haye.
aamtaur parr inbread upbhedon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
anusandhaan mein choohon key kaee upbhedon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, halanki, inbread upbhedon koo aamtaur parr adhikansh kshetron key liye pasand key janwar maanaa jaataa haye. nasleeya choohon koo bhaai aur bahan key millen kii cumm seey cumm 20 peedhiyon key utpaad key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen sabhi vyakti ack prajanan jodee seey praapt hotey hain. 
nasl key choohon mein kaee lakshan hotey hain joe unhein shodh uddeshyon key liye aadarsh banaate hain. way samroop hain, jiska arth haye kii sabhi janwar aanuvanshik roop seey lagbhag samaan hain. genome mein aanuvanshik sthaan kaa lagbhag 98.7% samroopata haye, isaliye shayed koee "chhipa huaa" aprabhaavi lakshan naheen hain joe samasyaon kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. iss sthirata key kaaran unake paas bahut ekikrit phenotype bhee hain.
kaee naslon mein paae jaane vaale upbhedon mein achchi tarah seey pralekhit lakshan hotey hain joe unhein vishisht prakaar key shodh key liye aadarsh banaate hain. nimnalikhit talika jackson prayogshalaon key anusaar sheersh 10 sabse lokpriya upbhedon koo dikhaati haye.<bee. aar.>
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jackson labs project karati hain
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jackson labs doo (diversity outbread) pariyojana ack choohe prajanan karyakram haye jisamen vaigyaanik anusandhaan mein upayog key liye choohon kii aanuvanshik roop seey vividh aabaadi banaane key liye kaee inbread sansthaapak upbhedon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. 
inn choohon koo thheek aanuvanshik maanchitran key liye design kiya gayaa haye, aur choohe key genome kii aanuvanshik vividhata key ack badey hisse koo pakadate hain.
iss pariyojana key parinamswarup 1,000 seey adhik aanuvanshik roop seey vividh choohon kaa upayog motapa, cancer, madhumeh aur sharaab key upayog vikaar jaisi beemariyon key aanuvanshik karakon kii pehchaan karane key liye kiya gayaa haye. 
roop aur vyavhaar.
prayogshala choohon ney gharelu choohon kii kaee shaaririk aur vyavhaar sambandhi visheshtaon koo barkarar rakhaa haye; haalaanki, kritrim chayan kii kaee peedhiyon key kaaran, inmein seey kuchh visheshataaen abb ullekhaniya roop seey bhinn hain. prayogshala choohon key upbhedon kii badee sankhya key kaaran, una sabhi kii upasthiti aur vyavhaar kaa vyaapak roop seey varnan karna avyaavhaarik haye; haalaanki, unhein sabse adhik upayog kiye jaane vaale upbhedon mein seey dou key liye neeche varnit kiya gayaa haye.
c57bl/6.
see57bl/6 choohon kaa coat gahara bhura hotaa haye, lagbhag kaalaa hotaa haye. way shore aur gandh key prati adhik samvedansheel hotey hain aur balb/see jaise adhik vinamra prayogshala upbhedon kii tulanaa mein kaatane kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye.
samooh-ghar see57bl/6 choohe (aur anya upabhed) naaee kaa vyavhaar pradarshit karate hain, jisamen ack pinjare mein pramukh chuha chuninda roop seey apane adheenasth pinjare key sathiyon seey baal hataa detaa haye. jinn choohon koo badey paimaane parr naaee banaaya gayaa haye, unake shareer parr badey ganje dhabbe hoe sakate hain, aamtaur parr sir, thoothan aur kandhon key aspas, halanki naaee shareer parr kaheen bhee dikhaai dey sakate hain. baal aur vibrisa donon koo hataaya jaa sakata haye. narr choohe mahila choohon mein adhik baar dekhe jaate hain; narr choohon mein ladaai key madhyam seey prabhutva pradarshit karane kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye.
see57bl/6 mein kaee asamanya visheshtaen hain joe ise kuchh shodh adhyayanon key liye upayogi banaati hain lekin dusaron key liye anupayukt hainh yeh dard aur sardi key prati asamanya roop seey samvedansheel haye, aur iss tanaav mein analgesic davaaen cumm prabhaavi hain. adhikansh prayogshala choohe upbhedon key vipareet, see57bl/6 swechha seey maadak peya peetaa haye. yeh morphin kii lutt, atherosclerosis aur umr seey sambandhit shravan haani key liye ausat seey adhik atisamvedansheel haye. jaba seedhe balb/see choohon seey tulanaa kii jaati haye, tou see57bl/6 choohon ney bhee samajik puraskaron aur sahaanubhooti donon key liye ack majboot pratikriya vyakt kii haye.
balb/see.
balb/see ack albino prayogshala-nasl kaa nasl haye jisase kaee samanya upa-dhaaraaen praapt hoti hain. 1920 seey 200 seey adhik peedhiyon key prajanan key saath, balb/see choohon koo vishva star parr vitarit kiya jaataa haye aur pashu prayog mein upayog kiye jaane vaale sabse vyaapak roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale inbread upbhedon mein seey hain.
balb/see uchch star kii chinta pradarshit karane aur aahar-prerit atherosclerosis key liye apekshaakrit pratirodhi honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, jisase way hriday anusandhaan key liye ack upayogi model bunn jaate hain.
narr balb/see choohe aakramak hotey hain aur yadi ack saath rakhe jaate hain tou way anya naron seey ladenge. halanki, balb/laakh substrain bahut adhik vinamra haye. adhikansh balb/see choohon key upa-mastishkon kaa prajanan jeevan lamba hotaa haye.
vibhinn balb/see substrain key beach ullekhaniya antar hain, halanki inhen aanuvanshik sandushan key bajaay utparivartan key kaaran maanaa jaataa haye. balb/see. doubleu. tii. asamanya haye kyonki 3 pratishat santan vaastavik hermaphroditism pradarshit karati haye.
pashupalan.
sambhalana.
paaramparik roop seey, prayogshala choohon koo poonchh key aadhar seey uthaaya jaataa haye. haalaanki, haal key shodh seey pataa chalaa haye kii iss prakaar kii sambhal chinta aur pratikool vyavhaar koo badhaati haye. isake bajaay, ack surang yaa cup kiye hue haathon kaa upayog karke choohon koo sambhaalane kii vakaalat kii jaati haye. vyavhaar parikshanon mein, poonchh seey sanchaalit choohe pareekshan uttejanaon kaa pataa lagaane aur jaanch karane key liye cumm ichcha dikhaate hain, jabaki surang seey sanchaalit choohe aasaani seey pareekshan uttejanaon kaa pataa lagaate hain aur unake prati majboot pratikriya dikhaate hain.
poshan.
prakriti mein, choohe aamtaur parr shakahari hotey hain, joe falon yaa anaaj kii ack vistrit shrinkhala kaa sevan karate hain. halanki, prayogshala adhyayanon mein aamtaur parr javic bhinnata seey bachana aavashyak haye aur ise praapt karane key liye, prayogshala choohon koo lagbhag hamesha kewal vaanijyik pellet kiye hue choohe feed khilaaya jaataa haye. bhojan kaa sevan prati dinn shareer key vajan key lagbhag prati haye; paani kaa sevan prati dinn shareer key vajan key lagbhag prati 100 graam haye.
injection prakriyaaen.
prayogshala choohon mein injection dene key maarg mukhya roop seey twachiya, antahparichay aur antahshira hain. chhote maanspeshiyon key kaaran intramscular prashaasan kii anushansa naheen kii jaati haye. intracerebral prashaasan bhee sambhav haye. pratyek maarg mein ack anushansit injection sthal, anumaanit suee gaze haye aur ack sthaan parr ack hii samay mein adhikatam injection matra kii sifarish kii gaee haye, jaisa kii neeche dee gaee talika mein diyaa gayaa haih
poonchh mein antahshira injection kii suvidha key liye, prayogshala choohon koo jahaajon koo vaansodilet karane key liye garmi key lamp key neeche saavdhaanipoorvak germ kiya jaa sakata haye.
anaesthesia.
gharelu choohe key liye samanya sangyaaharan key liye ack samanya aahar ketamine (100 milligram prati kilogram shareer key vajan kii khuraak mein) aur zylazine (5-10 milligram prati kilogram kii khuraak mein) haye, jise intraperitoneal maarg dwara inject kiya jaataa haye. iska prabhaav lagbhag 30 minut kaa hotaa haye.
ichchamrityu.
prayogshala choohon kii ichchamrityu key liye anumodit prakriyaon mein sampeedit gais, injection yogya barbiturate anaesthetics, inhalable anaesthetics, jaise kii helothen, aur shaaririk tareeke, jaise kii grieva visthaapan aur sirdard shamil hain. 2013 mein, americi pashu chikitsa sangh ney preran key liye nae dishanirdesh jaari kiye, jisamen kahaa gayaa kii prayogshala choohon koo ichchamrityu dene key liye 10 pratishat seey 30 pratishat matra/minut kii pravaah darr ishtatam haye.
rogjanak samvedansheelta.
haal key ack adhyayan mein america key aadhe seey adhik hisson mein aayojit prayogshala choohon mein ack murine astrovirus kaa pataa chalaa aur japani sansthanon ney isaki jaanch kii. murine astrovirus nau choohon key upbhedon mein paaya gayaa thaa, jinamen nsg, node-skid, nsg-3jee, see57bl6-"timp-3-/-", upa-nog, bee6jey, icr, baish2 aur balb/see shamil hain, jinamen vibhinn staron parr prasaar thaa. murine astrovirus kii rogjanakta kaa pataa naheen thaa.
anusandhaan mein kaanoon.
united kingdam.
yuu mein.key.anya sabhi kasheruki jeevon aur kuchh aksheruki jeevon kii tarah, koee bhee vaigyaanik prakriya joe "dard, peedaa, sankat yaa sthaayi nuksan" kaa kaaran bunn sakati haye, pashu (vaigyaanik prakriya) adhiniyam 1986. yuu key tahat grih karyalaya dwara viniyamit kii jaati haye.key. viniyamon koo duniya mein sabse vyaapak aur kathor maanaa jaataa haye. yuu. mein anusandhaan mein prayogshala choohon (aur anya prajaatiyon) key upayog parr vistrit detta.key. harr saal prakaashit hotey hain. yuu mein.key. 2013 mein, vaigyaanik prakriya pratishthanon mein choohon parr kull 3,077,115 viniyamit prakriyaaen theen, jinhen adhiniyam key tahat licenses diyaa gayaa thaa.
sanyukt raajya america.
yuu mein.aiss.prayogshala choohon koo yuu. aiss. dee. aeye. ephis dwara prashaasit pashu kalyan adhiniyam key tahat viniyamit naheen kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, rashtriya swaasthya sansthanon dwara prashaasit saarvajanik swaasthya seva adhiniyam (pee. aich. aiss.) unaki dekhbhal aur upayog key liye ack maanak pradaan kartaa haye. sanghiya vitt poshan praapt karane key liye ack shodh pariyojana key liye pee. aich. aiss. key saath anupaalan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. phs neeti prayogshala pashu kalyan karyalaya dwara prashaasit kii jaati haye. kaee shaikshanik anusandhaan sansthaan swechha seey maanyata chaahte hain, aksar prayogshala pashu dekhbhal key mulyankan aur maanyata key liye sangh key madhyam seey, joe "prayogshala jaanvaron kii dekhbhal aur upayog key liye maargdarshak" aur phs neeti key bheetar paae jaane vaale dekhbhal key manakon koo banaae rakhta haye. haalaanki, yeh maanyata vaastavik anupaalan key vipareet sanghiya vittaposhan key liye ack poorv shart naheen haye.
seemaaen.
jabaki choohon koo jaiv chikitsa anusandhaan mein abb taka sabse vyaapak roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale janwar hain, haal key adhyayanon ney unaki seemaon koo ujagar kiya haye. udaaharan key liye, kaee shodhkartaon dwara sepsis, jalan, soojan, aghaat, alzheimer roga, madhumeh, cancer, multiple sclerosis, parkinsons roga aur anya beemariyon key pareekshan mein krintakon kii upayogita parr sawal uthaaye gaye hain. choohon parr prayogon key sambandh mein, kuchh shodhkartaon ney shikayat kii haye kii adhyayanon mein inn jaanvaron key upayog mein vyastata key parinamswarup "jhoothe suragon key baad varshon aur arabon dollar barbad hoe gaye hain".
choohon mein kaee pratiraksha gunon mein manushyon seey antar hotaa haih choohon mein manushyon kii tulanaa mein kuchh vishaakt padarthon key liye adhik pratirodhi hotey hain; rakt mein kull neutrophil ansh cumm hotaa haye, neutrophil enzymatic kshamata cumm hoti haye, poorak pranali kii cumm gatividhi hoti haye, aur soojan prakriya mein shamil pentraxin kaa ack alag samooh hotaa haye; aur pratiraksha pranali key mahatvapurna ghatakon jaise kii il-8, il-37, tlr-10, icam-3, aadi key liye jeane kii kamee hoti haye. vishisht-rogjanak-mukt (aiss. pee. aff.) sthitiyon mein paalaa jaane vaalaa prayogshala choohon mein aamtaur parr smriti tii koshikaon kii kamee key saath ack aparipakva pratiraksha pranali hoti haye. inn choohon mein sookshmajeev kii seemit vividhata hoe sakati haye, joe pratiraksha pranali aur rogjanak sthitiyon key vikas koo seedhe prabhaavit karati haye. isake alawa, lagaatar virus sankraman (udaaharan key liye, herpes virus) manushyon mein sakriya hotey hain, lekin septic jatilataon vaale aiss. pee. aff. choohon mein naheen aur bacteria key saha-sankraman key pratirodh koo badal sakate hain. "gandey" choohe sambhavatah maanav rogon kii nakal karane key liye behtar hain. isake alawa, adhikansh adhyayanon mein nasleeya choohe key upbhedon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jabaki maanav aabaadi visham haye, joe antar-nasl sankar, vanshgat aur araikhik choohon mein adhyayan key mahatva kii or ishara karati haye.
dha scientist" mein ack lekh mein kahaa gayaa haye, "maanav roga key liye pashu model kaa upayog karane seey judee kathinaaiyaan manushyon aur anya praniyon key beach chayapachaya, shaaririk aur koshikiya antar key parinamswarup hoti hain, lekin samasyaaen usase bhee gahari hoe jaati hain" jisamen parikshanon key design aur nishpaadan key mudde bhee shamil hain. isake alawa, prayogshala key jaanvaron koo pinjare mein rakhane seey way maanav swaasthya key aprasangik model bunn sakate hain kyonki inn jaanvaron mein anubhavon, abhikaran aur chunautiyon mein dinn-pratidin kii bhinnataon kii kamee hoti haye jinn parr way kaaboo paa sakate hain. choohe key chhote pinjaron key ander key garib vatavaran kaa jaiv chikitsa parinamon parr hanikarak prabhaav parh sakata haye, vishesh roop seey mansik swaasthya aur swasth manovaigyaanik sthitiyon parr nirbhar pranaliyon key adhyayan key sambandh mein.
udaaharan key liye, shodhkartaon ney paaya haye kii prayogshalaon mein kaee choohe adhik bhojan aur nyuntam vyayam seey motey hotey hain, joe unake shareer vigyaan aur dawa chayapachaya koo badal detaa haye. choohon sahit kaee prayogshala janwar, deerghakaalik roop seey tanaavgrast hotey hain, joe shodh parinamon aur manushyon koo nishkarshon koo sateek roop seey bahirveshtit karane kii kshamata koo bhee nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit curr sakate hain. shodhkartaon ney yeh bhee nott kiya haye kii choohon seey judey kaee adhyayan kharaab tareeke seey taiyar kiye gaye hain, jisase sandigdh nishkarsh saamane aae hain.
kuchh adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii pashu pareekshan mein aparyaapt prakaashit detta key parinamswarup aprajanansheel anusandhaan hoe sakata haye, jisamen prayogon koo kaise kiya jaataa haye, iss baare mein vivaran naheen haye kii prakaashit patron seey hataa diyaa jaataa haye yaa pareekshan mein antar joe purvagrah koo pesh curr sakate hain. chhipe hue purvagrah key udaharanon mein mcgill vishvavidyalaya kaa 2014 kaa ack adhyayan shamil haye joe bataata haye kii mahilaaon key bajaay purushon dwara niyantrit choohon ney uchch tanaav kaa star dikhaaya. 2016 mein ack anya adhyayan ney sujhaav diyaa kii choohon mein aant key sookshmajeevon kaa vaigyaanik anusandhaan parr prabhaav parh sakata haye.
bajar kaa aakar.
jeane-parivartit choohon key liye vishvavyaapi bajar 2022 taka badhkar 1.59 karod dollar honey kaa anuman haye, joe prati varsh 7.5 pratishat kii darr seey badh rhaa haye.
baahari link.
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