
khalifa kaa unmoolan

duniya key antim vyaapak roop seey maanyata praapt khalifa, ottoman khalifa koo 3 march 1924 (27 panjab 1342) koo turkey kii bhavya rashtriya sabhaa key farman dwara samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. turk ganarajya key saath ottoman samrajya key pratisthaapan key baad yeh prakriya ataturk key sudhaaron mein seey ack thee. abdulmezid dwiteeya koo antim ottoman khalifa key roop mein padchyut kiya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii mustafaa sabri koo antim ottoman sheikh all-islam key roop mein padchyut kiya gayaa thaa.
khalifa nammatra duniya bhar key sabhi musalmaanon key sarvocch dhaarmik aur raajneetik netaa they. unmoolan seey pahale key varshon mein, chala rahee turkey kranti key dauran, khalifa key anishchit bhavishya ney duniya bhar key sunee islam samudaay key beach majboot pratikriyaon koo uksaayaa. khalifa key sambhaavit unmoolan kaa bhaaratiya-adharit khilafat andolan dwara sakriya roop seey virodh kiya gayaa thaa, aur poore muslim duniya mein garamagaram bahas paida hui thee. 1924 kaa unmoolan ottoman saltanat key unmoolan key lagbhag 18 maheene seey bhee cumm samay baad huaa, jisase pahale ottoman sultan "paden" khalifa they.
mustafa kemal paasha (ataturk) ney kathit taur parr ahmed sharif koo khalifa kii peshkash kii, iss shart parr kii vaha turkey key baahar rahata haye; senusi ney prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa aur abdulmezid key liye apane samarthan kii pushti kii. baad key varshon mein khalifa key liye cumm seey cumm terah alag-alag ummidvaaron kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin koee bhee islami duniya mein ummidwari key liye aam sahamati praapt karane mein saksham naheen thaa. ummidvaaron mein abdulmezid dwiteeya, unake poorvavarti mahmoud vee, hejaz key raajaa hussain, morakko key raajaa yousaf, afghanistan key raajaa amanullah khaan, yaman key imam yahya aur misra key raajaa fued I shamil they. 1924 mein dutch east indies (aaj indoneshiya) mein, 1926 mein carro mein aur 1931 mein jerusalam mein asafal "khalifa sammelan" aayojit kiye gaye they.
ottoman paine-islamvad.
19veen shatabdi key anta mein, ottoman sultan abdul hameed dwiteeya ney paschimi hamale aur vikhandan seey ottoman samrajya kii raksha karane aur ghar parr loktaantrik vipaksh koo kuchalane key liye apana paine-islami karyakram shuru kiya.
unhone 19veen shatabdi key anta mein bhaarat mein ack doot, jamaal all-deen all-afghani bheja. ottoman samrat key kaaran bhaaratiya musalmaanon key beach dhaarmik junoon aur sahaanubhooti paida hui. badee sankhya mein muslim dhaarmik netaaon ney khalifa kii or seey jagrukta failaane aur muslim bhagidari vikasit karane key liye kaam karna shuru curr diyaa; inmein seey maulana mahmoud hassan ney ottoman samrajya key samarthan seey british raaj key khilaf swatantrata key rashtriya yuddh kaa ayojan karane kaa prayaas kiya.
saltanat kaa anta.
pratham vishva yuddh mein ottoman kii haar key baad, sahayogi disha mein ottoman sultan ney rashtravadi andolanon koo dabaane kaa prayaas kiya, aur sheikh ull-islam seey inhen gair-islami ghoshit karate hue ack aadhikarik fatwa hassil kiya. lekin rashtravadiyon ney lagaatar gati praapt kii aur vyaapak samarthan kaa anand lena shuru curr diyaa. kaee logon ney mahsoos kiya kii rashtra kranti key liye taiyar thaa. iss khatare koo beasar karane key prayaas mein, sultan rashtravadiyon koo shaant karane aur unakaa sahyog karane kii ummeed key saath chunaav karaane key liye sahmat hoe gaye. unhein nirasha hui kii rashtravadi samoohon ney chunaavon mein jeet hassil kii, jisase aprail 1920 mein ottoman samrajya kii aam sabhaa koo bhang karane key liye sahayogi shaktiyon koo prerit kiya gayaa.
turkey swatantrata sangram key anta mein, turkey rashtriya andolan kii bhavya rashtriya sabhaa ney saltanat seey khalifa koo alag karane key liye matdan kiya aur 1 navambar 1922 koo baad vaale koo samaapt curr diyaa. shuru mein, rashtriya sabhaa nae shasson mein khalifa key liye ack sthaan kii anumati dene key liye taiyar thee aur mustafa kemal ney khalifa koo poori tarah seey samaapt karane kii himmat naheen kii, kyonki yeh abhee bhee aam logon seey kaafee hudd taka samarthan kii kamaan sambhal rhaa thaa. khalifa prateekaatmak roop seey usman key ghar mein nihit thaa. 19 navambar 1922 koo, crown prince abdulmezid koo ankara mein turkey rashtriya sabhaa dwara khalifa chunaa gayaa thaa. unhone 24 navambar 1922 koo istambul (usa samay key logon key liye) mein khud koo sthaapit kiya. lekin iss pada seey kissy bhee adhikaar koo chheen liya gayaa thaa, aur vishuddh roop seey abdulmezid kaa aupchaarik shasson alpakaalik hoga.
jaba abdulmezid koo khalifa ghoshit kiya gayaa, tou kemal ney paaramparik ottoman samaroh kii anumati dene seey incar curr diyaa, aur spasht roop seey ghoshana keeh 
apane bhatte mein vriddhi key liye abdulmezid kii yachika key jawab mein, kemal ney likhaah 
29 octuber 1923 koo, rashtriya sabhaa ney turkey koo ack ganarajya ghoshit kiya, aur ankara koo apani naee rajdhani ghoshit kiya. 600 seey adhik varshon key baad, ottoman samrajya kaa aadhikarik roop seey astitva samaapt hoe gayaa thaa.
khalifa kaa patan.
march 1924 mein, carro key pratishthit all-azhar vishvavidyalaya key muhammad all-jizaavi rector ney, iss tarah key vatavaran mein patan aur prachaar key mudde key pratyaksh jawab mein, ack prastaav taiyar kiyaah
jabaki islam mein khalifa islam key samanya niyantran aur laukik mamalon kaa tatparya haye; jabaki turkey sarkaar khalifa abdul mejid koo apani laukik shaktiyon seey vanchit curr detee haye, jisase vaha khalifa banane seey iss arth mein ayogya ghoshit hoe jaataa haye kii islam kii aavashyakta haye; yeh dekhate hue kii mool roop seey khalifa paigambar kaa pratinidhi honah niyat haye, islam seey sambandhit harr cheej kii raksha karna, jiska arth haye kii khalifa koo sammaan, pooja aur aagyakarita kaa vishay honah chaahiye; aur jabaki khalifa abdul mejid key paas abb aisee yogyata naheen haye aur usake paas apani mool bhoomi mein rahane kii shakti bhee naheen haye; isaliye abb ack islami sammelan aayojit karane kaa nirnay liya gayaa haye jisamen sabhi muslim rashtron kaa pratinidhitva kiya jaayega taaki yeh vichaar kiya jaa sakey kii kaun khalifa niyukt kiya jaanaa chaahiye...
dou bhaaratiya bhaaiyon, mohammad allie jauhar aur maulana shaukat allie, bhaaratiya-adharit khilafat andolan key netaaon ney turk logon koo islam key liye ottoman khalifa koo sanrakshit karane kaa ahwan karate hue parche vitarit kiye. 24 navambar 1923 koo sayed ameer allie aur aaga khaan III ney andolan kii or seey <unk> smate paasha (<unk> ̃nönü) koo ack patra bheja. turkey kii naee rashtravadi sarkaar key tahat, halanki, ise videshi hastakshep key roop mein maanaa gayaa thaa; kissy bhee prakaar key videshi hastakshep koo turkey samprabhuta kaa upman aur isase bhee badatar, raajya suraksha key liye khatra karaar diyaa gayaa thaa. mustafa kemal paasha ney turant apana mauka chheen liya. unaki pahal parr, rashtriya sabhaa ney 3 march, 1924 koo khalifa koo samaapt curr diyaa. abdulmezid koo ottoman house key shesh sadasyon key saath nirvaasan mein bhej diyaa gayaa.
isake baad.
ack nae khalifa kii sthaapana parr aam sahamati khojane mein muslim duniya kii viphalata key saath, khalifa kii sanstha ney nishkriyata kii avadhi mein pravesh kiya.
misra mein, bahas allie abdel razeek kii ack vivadaspad pustak parr kendrit thee, jisamen dharmnirpeksh sarkaar aur khaleefaa key khilaf tark diyaa gayaa thaa.
aaj, akhil-islami samanvaya key liye dou dhaanche maujood hainh muslim vishva leag aur islami sahyog kaa sangathan, donon kii sthaapana 1960 key dashak mein hui thee.
khalifa koo phir seey sthaapit karane key liye sabse sakriya samooh hizb uta-tahir haye, jisaki sthaapana 1953 mein ack islami vidwan aur hypha key appeal adalat key nyayadhish, takiuddin all-nabani dwara tatkalin jorden-niyantrit jerusalam mein ack raajneetik sangathan key roop mein kii gaee thee. yeh sangathan 50 seey adhik deshon mein fail gayaa haye, aur "dasiyon hazaaron" seey "lagbhag duss laakh" key beach honey key anuman key anusaar sadasyata taka badh gayaa haye.
islami sangathan jaise (germany mein sthit, 1994-2001) aur islami raajya iraq aur levent (1999-vartamaan, 2014 mein khalifa kii ghoshana) ney ghoshana kii kii unhone khalifa koo phir seey sthaapit curr liya haye, halanki inn daavon koo anya musalmaanon seey bahut cumm sweekriti millie.