alto (protocol)

anuprayog parat parivahan anukoolan (aulto) ack protocol haye joe internet grahakon koo aisee jaankaari praapt karane kii anumati detaa haye joe anya antim binduon key liye path key network gunon kii tulanaa karati haye. aam taur parr, iska upayog kissy prakaar kii samagri kii prati taka pahunchane key liye sabse cumm laagat vaale sthaan kii pehchaan karane key liye kiya jaayega.
aulto aadhar protocol aar. aff. see. 7285 mein nirdisht kiya gayaa haye. isake liye network gunon key gyaan key saath network mein "alto server" tainaat karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, aksar vibhinn antim binduon key liye rooting laagat. ack "aulto client", aamtaur parr ack sansaadhan praapt karane kaa prayaas karane vaale upayogkarta agent seey judaa hotaa haye, joe sansaadhan koo punah praapt karane key liye ishtatam sthaan praapt karane key liye aich. tii. pee. parr aulto server seey poochtaachh kartaa haye.
itihas.
2005 key aspas seey, bittorrent jaise pier-too-pier anuprayogon kaa vyaapak upayog kaee network operators key liye ack gambhir chinta kaa vishay thaa, kyonki inn anuprayogon key kaaran badey paimaane parr network yatayat huaa kartaa thaa.
yatayat engineering aur rajaswa parr iska mahatvapurna prabhaav padaa. kuchh network operators ney iss yatayat koo rokane kii koshish kii.
maee 2008 mein, pier-too-pier buniyaadi dhaanche parr ack aaee. ee. tii. aff. karyashala mein, kaam key kaee kshetron kii pehchaan kii gaee theeh
aaee. ee. tii. aff. aulto kaary samooh kii sthaapana navambar 2008 mein kii gaee thee. pahali delivery key liye samasya kathan, aavashyakta dastavej, core aulto protocol kaa vinirdesh aur ack aulto server khoj tantra they. taba seey, vibhinn vistaar nirdisht kiye gaye hain (neeche dekhein) yaa abhee bhee kaam pragati parr haye (dekhein aaee. ee. tii. aff. alto datatracker).
mool roop seey pier-too-pier file sajhakaran kaa samarthan karane key liye design kiya gayaa, yeh avadharana kaee network samasyaon key liye vyaapak roop seey lagu hoti haye. haalaanki, 2021 taka isane internet mein vyaapak tainaati hassil naheen kii haye. phir bhee, internet seva pradaata (aaee. aiss. pee.) network mein prayog kiye gaye hain aur see. aar. aine. mein badey hadron takaraane vaale key liye badey detta hastaantaran kaa samarthan karane key liye ack tainaati kii gaee haye.
protocol avalokan.
aulto server aamtaur parr ack isp key ander kaam karate hain aur isp network key topology key baare mein jaankaari ekatra karate hain. iss jaankaari koo ekatra karane key saadhan alto design key dayare seey baahar hain, lekin aam taur parr isamen rooting protocol key soochana adaan-pradaan mein bhaag lena, network prabandhan seey neeti input sweekaar karna aur vibhinn network nigrani pranaliyon seey detta shamil hoga.
aulto server graahak koo sevaayen pradaan karane key liye iss jaankaari kaa upayog kartaa haye.
aulto jaankaari praapt karane kaa pahala kadam aulto server kaa pataa lagaana haye. yadi aulto client usa mezban parr sthit haye joe anukoolit kiye jaane vaale detta prasaran kaa antim bindu bhee haye, tou aar. aff. see. 7286 mein nirdisht alto server khoj prakriya kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. isake vipareet, jaba aulto client ack alag mezban parr sthit hotaa haye (ee.jee.jaba ack antarnihit aulto client key saath ack bittorrent tracker ack sahakarmi kii or seey sahakarmi chayan koo anukoolit karna chaahata haye joe ack alag network domen mein hoe sakata haye), tou aar. aff. see. 8686 mein nirdisht cross-domen server khoj prakriya kaa upayog kiya jaanaa chaahiye. ack graahak key paas seva khoj domen naam seedhe configure kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin aamtaur parr yeh network mein shamil honey parr dhcp key madhyam seey naam praapt karega. isake baad yeh "altoh HTTPS" yaa "altoh HTTP" anuprayog seva tagg key liye usa seva khoj mezban key liye ack ddds querry banaata haye, joe badale mein kissy bhee upalabdh alto server soochana sansaadhan nirdeshikaon (ird) key liye url lautaata haye.
ack graahak taba ack aulto server seey aaee. aar. dee. praapt karega, joe una sevaaon key vishishtataon koo soochibaddh kartaa haye joe upalabdh hain, samarthit mapdand aur una sevaaon key sthaan.
aadhar protocol mein chaar prakaar kii sevaayen hainh
maanchitra seva ack file pradaan karati haye joe sabhi antim binduon yaa pee. aaee. dee. koo soochibaddh karati haye jinhen server track kartaa haye. ack "network maanchitra" "samagri kii talika" key roop mein kaary kartaa haye jiska upayog graahak adhik vishisht prashnon key nirmaan key liye curr sakata haye. inn antim binduon kii pehchaan aaee. pee. vee. 4 yaa aaee. pee. vee. 6 patey dwara kii jaati haye aur bhavishya key prashnon aur pratikriyaon key aakar koo cumm karane key liye pradaata-paribhaashit pahchaankartaaon (pee. aaee. dee.) mein samaan gunon key saath anya antim binduon key saath samoohbaddh kiya jaataa haye. ack "laagat maanchitra" pratyek jodee key liye maarg laagat koo soochibaddh kartaa haye.
maanchitra-filtering seva graahak dwara pradaan kiye gaye maapdandon key aadhar parr network maanchitra yaa laagat maanchitra kaa ack upasamuchchay pradaan karati haye.
endupvient property service client koo ack vishisht endupvient key connectivity prakaar yaa encapsulating pee. aaee. dee. jaise gunon koo jaanane kii anumati detee haye.
antim bindu laagat seva grahakon koo vishisht antim binduon key liye maarg laagat detee haye, jise poorna laagat metrick yaa pratyek kii saapeksh laagat kii shreni key roop mein vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye.
baad key vinirdeshon mein atirikt sevaaon koo nirdisht kiya gayaa haih
aar. aff. see. 8895 mein nirdisht adyatan dhaara seva, jaankaari key parivartan key roop mein adyatan sandeshon kii ack dhaara pradaan karane key liye server key liye connection koo khula chhod detee haye. vahee aar. aff. see. stream niyantran seva koo bhee nirdisht kartaa haye, jisase graahak koo adyatan sandeshon key liye apane anurodh koo badalane kii anumati milati haye.
sabhi aulto client sandesh baaki hain joe aulto server seey HTTP pratikriyaaen praapt karate hain. inn anurodhon aur pratikriyaon key payload mein jey. aiss. aine. paath hotaa haye jisamen padaanukramit kunji-moolya jode hotey hain.
protocol vaakya rachana.
graahak aich. tii. pee. praapt sandesh key madhyam seey aaee. aar. dee. praapt karate hain. aar. aff. see. 7285 seey nimnalikhit udaaharan aaee. aar. dee. key liye anurodh koo darshaata haye. anurodhit lakshya (/nirdeshika) oopar varnit dee. dee. dee. aiss. seva khoj prakriya seey aaya thaa. yeh aaee. aar. dee. iss server parr upalabdh sevaaon key liye lakshya pradaan kartaa haye, saath hii saath sweekarya mapdand bhee pradaan kartaa haye.
praapt karein/nirdeshika-HTTP/1.1
mejbaanah aulto.udaaharan key liye.comm
sweekaarah aavedan/alto-nirdeshika + jey. aiss. aine., aavedan/alto-truti + jey. aiss. aine.
HTTP/1.1 200 thheek haye
samagri-lambaaih 2333
samagri-prakarah anuprayog/alto-nirdeshika + jey. aiss. aine.
 "metaa": {
 "laagat-prakaar": {
 "number-root": {
 "laagat-mode": "sankhyaatmak",
 "laagat-metrick": "rooting laagat",
 "vivaran": "" meraa default "" "
 "number-hoppeh {
 "laagat-mode": "sankhyaatmak",
 "laagat-metrick": "" hopcount "" "
 "maarg-nirdhaaran": {
 "laagat-mode": "" kramik ",
 "laagat-metrick": "rooting laagat"
 "ord-hoppeh {
 "laagat-mode": "" kramik ",
 "laagat-metrick": "" hopcount "" "
 },
 "default-seey-network-maanchitra": "" meraa-default-network-maanchitra "" "
 "sansaadhan": {
 "meraa-default-network-maanchitra": {
 "yuri": "HTTP:// alto.udaaharan key liye.comm/networkmap, 
 "media-prakaar": "anuprayog/alto-networkmap + jayson"
 "sankhyaatmak-maarg-laagat-maanchitra": {
 "yuri": "HTTP:// alto.udaaharan key liye.comm/laagat maanchitra/number/rooting laagat, 
 "media-prakaar": "anuprayog/alto-laagat maanchitra + jayson",
 "kshamataaen": {
 "laagat-prakaar-naam": ["" number-root "" " ]
 "upayog kartaa haih [" "meraa-default-network-maanchitra" "" ]
 "sankhyaatmak-ganana-laagat-maanchitra": {
 "yuri": "HTTP:// alto.udaaharan key liye.comm/laagat maanchitra/sankhya/hopcount, 
 "media-prakaar": "anuprayog/alto-laagat maanchitra + jayson",
 "kshamataaen": {
 "laagat-prakaar-naam": ["" number-hopp "" " ]
 "upayog kartaa haih [" "meraa-default-network-maanchitra" "" ]
 "custom-maanchitra-sansaadhan": {
 "yuri": "HTTP:// custom.alto.udaaharan key liye.comm/maanchitra ",
 "media-prakaar": "anuprayog/alto-nirdeshika + jayson"
 "antim bindu-sampatti": {
 "yuri": "HTTP:// alto.udaaharan key liye.comm/endupointprop/lookup, 
 "media-prakaar": "anuprayog/alto-endupointprop + jayson",
 "sweekaar kartaa haih" "aavedan/alto-endupointproparum + jayson",
 "kshamataaen": {
 "prope-prakaar": ["meraa-default-network-maanchitra.pee. aaee. dee. ",
 "nijeeh aaee. ee. tii. aff.-udaaharan-prastaav" ]
 },
 "antim-bindu-lagatah {
 "yuri": "HTTP:// alto.udaaharan key liye.comm/endupvient cost/lookup, 
 "media-prakaar": "anuprayog/alto-endupvient cost + jayson",
 "sweekaar kartaa haih" "aavedan/alto-endupwintcostperams + jayson",
 "kshamataaen": {
 "laagat-pratibandh": sach haye,
 "laagat-prakaar-naam": ["" number-root "," "" number-hopp "," 
 "ord-rooting", "ord-hopp"]
graahak maanchitra seva koo aich. tii. tii. pee. praapt sandesh key madhyam seey praapt karate hain. aar. aff. see. 7285 seey nimnalikhit udaaharan ack network maanchitra key liye anurodh aur ack pratikriya koo darshaata haye joe paanch antim binduon koo 3 pee. aaee. dee. mein samoohit kartaa haih
networkmap praapt karein/praapt karein
mejbaanah aulto.udaaharan key liye.comm
sweekaarah aavedan/alto-networkmap + jey. aiss. aine., aavedan/alto-truti + jey. aiss. aine.
HTTP/1.1 200 thheek haye
samagri-lambaaih 449
samagri-prakarah anuprayog/alto-networkmap + jey. aiss. aine.
 "metaa": {
 "vee. tii. aeye. jee": {
 "sansaadhan-ids": "meraa-default-network-maanchitra",
 "tagg": "" Da65eka2eb7a10ce8b059740b0b2e3f8eb1d4785 "" "
 },
 "network-maanchitra": {
 "pee. aaee. dee. 1": {
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4": [
 "192.0.2.0/24",
 "198.51.100.0/25"
 },
 "pee. aaee. dee. 2": {
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4": [
 "198.51.100.128/25"
 },
 "pee. aaee. dee. 3": {
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4": [
 "0.0.0.0/0"
 "aaee. pee. vee. 6": [
 ":/0"
anya teen sevaaen graahak dwara anurodh payload mein pradaan kii jaane vaali atirikt jaankaari parr nirbhar karati hain. choonki aich. tii. pee. gett mein koee anurodh payload naheen haye, isaliye graahak inn sevaaon koo aich. tii. pee. post vidhi key saath upayog karate hain. aar. aff. see. 7285 kaa nimnalikhit udaaharan ack srot seey teen sambhaavit gantavyon kii laagat key liye anurodh aur pratikriya koo darshaata haye.
post/endupvient cost/lookup
mejbaanah aulto.udaaharan key liye.comm
samagri-lambaaih 248
samagri-prakarah anuprayog/alto-endupwintcostperams + jayson
sweekaarah aavedan/alto-endupvient cost + jey. aiss. aine., aavedan/alto-truti + jey. aiss. aine.
 "laagat-prakaar": {"laagat-mode": "kramik",
 "laagat-metrick": "rooting laagat",
 "antim bindu": {
 "srcs": ["ipv4:192.0.2.2",
 "dsts": [
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4:192.0.2.89",
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4:198.51.100.34",
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4:203.0.113.45"
HTTP/1.1 200 thheek haye
samagri-lambaaih 274
samagri-prakarah anuprayog/alto-endupvient cost + jayson
 "metaa": {
 "laagat-prakaar": {"laagat-mode": "kramik",
 "laagat-metrick": "rooting laagat"
 },
 "antim bindu-laagat-maanchitra": {
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4:192.0.2.2: {
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4:192.0.2.89:1,
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4:198.51.100.34:2,
 "aaee. pee. vee. 4:203.0.113.45:3
anya vistaar.
kaee atirikt manakon ney protocol kii upayogita aur suvidha sett koo badhaaya haye.

