
scud missile

ack scud missile sheet yuddh key dauran soviyat sangh dwara vikasit saamarik ballistic misaailon kii ack shrinkhala haye. ise doosari aur teesari duniya key donon deshon koo vyaapak roop seey niryaat kiya gayaa thaa. yeh shabd paschimi khufiya agencies dwara missile seey judey naato reporting naam seey aataa haye. missile key liye russie naam aar-11 (pahala sanskaran), aur aar-17 (baad mein aar-300) albrus (baad mein vikas) hain. inn misaailon aur soviyat design key aadhar parr anya deshon mein vikasit vyutpann roopon kii vistrit vividhata koo sandarbhit karane key liye scud naam kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya gayaa haye.
scud misaailon kaa upayog 1970 key dashak seey yuddh mein kiya jaataa rhaa haye, jyaadaatar madhya poorv mein yuddhon mein. way 1991 key faras kii khaadi yuddh key dauran paschimi janata seey parichit hoe gaye, jaba iraq ney israel aur saudi arab parr darjanon golibari kii. russie seva mein ise 9k720 iscander dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaa rhaa haye.
vikas.
scud" shabd kaa pahala upayog naato naam ss-1bee scud-aeye mein kiya gayaa thaa, jise aar-11 zemlya ballistic missile parr lagu kiya gayaa thaa. pahale kii aar-1 missile ney naato naam ss-1 scunner koo leey jaaya thaa, lekin yeh ack bahut hii alag design kii thee, lagbhag seedhe german vee-2 rockett kii ack prati thee. aar-11 ney vee-2 seey praapt takneek kaa bhee upayog kiya, lekin yeh ack naee design thee, joe vee-2 aur aar-1 hathiyaron seey chhoti aur alag aakar kii thee. aar-11 koo coroleave okeb dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa aur 1957 mein seva mein pravesh kiya gayaa thaa. aar-11 mein sabse krantikari navachar injan thaa, jise ack dwara design kiya gayaa thaa. aim. isaave. vee-2 key bahu-kaksh design kii tulanaa mein kaheen adhik saral, aur chugging koo rokane key liye ack anty-ausilation baffle koo niyojit karate hue, yeh soviyat launch vaahanon mein upayog kiye jaane vaale badey injanon key liye ack agradoot thaa.
aage vikasit roop 1961 mein aar-17 (baad mein aar-300) albrus/ss-1see scud-bee aur 1965 mein ss-1dee scud-see they, joe donon yaa tou ack paaramparik uchch-visfotak, 5 seey 80-kilotan thermonuclear, yaa ack rasayanik (gaadha vx) warhead leey jaa sakate they. 1980 key dashak mein vikasit aiss. aiss.-1ee. scud-dee. sanskaran adhik sateekta mein saksham ack antim roop seey nirdeshit warhead pradaan curr sakata haye.
sabhi model lambe (scud-aeye koo chhodkar, joe chhota haye) aur vyaas mein hain. way sabhi models mein taral ignitor (irrfana key saath swa-ignition) key roop mein asangat dimethylhydrazine (uda, german tonka 250 kii tarah russie teeji-02) key saath mitty kaa tail jalaane vaale ekal taral-eendhan rockett injan aur ksharan-avarodhit laal dhuaan nitric acid (irrfana) dwara sanchaalit hotey hain.
missile adhikatam gati 5 mack taka pahunchati haye.
roop.
scud-aeye.
scud" shrinkhala kaa pahala, naamit aar-11 (ss-1bee scud-aeye) german vee-2 rockett key samaan pradarshan key saath ack ballistic missile kii aavashyakta mein utpann huaa. aar-11 koo engineer victor macave dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, joe taba oh. key. bee-1 mein kaam curr rahey they, jiska netritva sergie corolev curr rahey they. yeh pahali baar 18 aprail 1953 koo udaan bharee, jisamen mitty key tail aur nitric acid kaa upayog pranodak key roop mein karate hue ack isayev injan lagaaya gayaa thaa. 13 disambar 1953 koo, lambi doori key rockets key utpaadan key liye samarpit ack karkhane, zlatost mein aiss. key. bee.-385 key saath ack utpaadan adesh paarit kiya gayaa thaa. juuna 1955 mein, macave koo karyakram kii dekhrekh key liye aiss. key. bee.-385 kaa mukhya designer niyukt kiya gayaa thaa aur julaai mein, aar-11 koo aupchaarik roop seey sainya seva mein sweekaar curr liya gayaa thaa. ack paramanu warhead leey jaane key liye design kiye gaye nishchit aar-11aim koo aadhikarik taur parr 1 aprail 1958 koo seva mein sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa. prakshepan pranali koo ack aaee. aiss.-2 chessis parr rakhaa gayaa thaa aur ise 8key11 greu padnam praapt huaa thaa; kewal 100 scud-aeye lancher banaae gaye they.
aar-11 meater kii adhikatam seema 270 kimmy thee, lekin jaba ack paramanu warhead leey jaaya jaataa thaa, tou yeh ghatkar 150 kimmy reh jaataa thaa. iska uddeshya sakhti seey ack gatishil paramanu hamla vector key roop mein thaa, joe soviyat senaa koo 50 kilotan kii anumaanit upaj key saath ack paramanu warhead key saath sashastr, aage key kshetron seey europeeya lakshyon koo hitt karane kii kshamata detaa thaa.
ack nausainik sanskaran, aar-11fm (ss-aine-1 scud-aeye) kaa pahali baar farwari 1955 mein pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa, aur usee varsh sitambar mein pahali baar ack parivartit pariyojana 611 (zulu varg) pandubbi seey launch kiya gayaa thaa. jabaki praarambhik design corolev key okebi-1 dwara kiya gayaa thaa, karyakram koo agast 1955 mein macave key skb-385 mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh 1959 mein parichaalan mein aaa gayaa aur pariyojana 611 aur pariyojana 629 (golf varg) pandubbiyon parr tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. isaki seva key dauran, 77 prakshepan kiye gaye, jinamen seey 59 safal rahey.
scud-bee.
aar-11 kaa uttaradhikari, aar-17 (ss-1see scud-bee), jiska naam 1970 key dashak mein aar-300 rakhaa gayaa, shrinkhala kaa sabse vipul thaa, jiska utpaadan 7,000 anumaanit thaa. yeh 32 deshon aur chaar deshon mein seva kartaa thaa, isake alawa soviyat sangh ney pratilipi sanskaranon kaa nirmaan kiya. pahala prakshepan 1961 mein kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh 1964 mein seva mein aaya thaa.
aar-17 aar-11 kaa ack behtar sanskaran thaa. yeh paramanu, rasayanik, paaramparik yaa vikhandan hathiyaron koo leey jaa sakata thaa. sabse pahale, scud-bee koo scud-aeye key samaan track kiye gaye transporter erector lancher (tail) parr leey jaaya gayaa thaa, jise 2pee19 naamit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin yeh safal naheen thaa aur ack pahiye vaale pratisthaapan koo tytan kendriya design beuro dwara design kiya gayaa thaa, joe 1967 mein chaalu hoe gayaa thaa. nae maaj-543 vaahan koo aadhikarik taur parr 9pee117 "urgan" naamit kiya gayaa thaa. prakshepan anukram swaayatt roop seey sanchaalit kiya jaa sakata thaa, lekin aamtaur parr ack alag kamaand vaahan seey nirdeshit kiya jaataa thaa. missile koo hydrolic roop seey sanchaalit crain key madhyam seey ack urdhvaadhar sthiti mein uthaaya jaataa haye, joe aamtaur parr chaar minut letaa haye, jabaki kull anukram lagbhag ack ghante taka rahata haye.
scud-see.
makeyev okeb ney aar-17 key ack vistaarit-shreni sanskaran parr bhee kaam kiya, jise paschim mein ss-1dee scud-see key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jise pahali baar 1965 mein copstein yaar seey launch kiya gayaa thaa. isaki seema koo 500-600 kimmy taka laaya gayaa thaa, lekin bahut cumm sateekta aur warhead aakar kii laagat parr. antatah, usee shreni mein adhik aadhunik prakaron key aagaman, jaise kii tii. aar.-1 temp (aiss. aiss.-12 scaleboard) ney scud-see koo anaavashyak banaa diyaa, aur yeh spasht roop seey soviyat sashastr balon key saath seva mein pravesh naheen kiya.
scud-dee.
aar-17 vee. tii. oh. (aiss. aiss.-1ee. scud-dee.) pariyojana aar-17 kii sateekta badhaane kaa ack prayaas thaa. kendriya vaigyaanik anusandhaan sansthaan swachaalan aur hydrolics (tii. aiss. aine. aaee. aeye. jee.) ney 1968 mein pariyojana parr kaam shuru kiya, lekin pahala pareekshan prakshepan kewal sitambar 1979 mein kiya gayaa thaa. vikas 1980 key dashak key madhyam seey jaari rhaa jaba taka kii 1989 mein 9key720 aerophone key roop mein pranali koo praarambhik seva mein sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, iss samay taka, adhik unnat hathiyar upayog mein they, jaise kii oh. tii. aar-21 tochka (aiss. aiss.-21) aur aar.-400 oka (aiss. aiss.-23), aur soviyat sashastr balon dwara scud-dee kaa adhigrahan naheen kiya gayaa thaa. isake bajaay 1990 key dashak mein scud-bee upayogkartaon key liye ack unnayan key roop mein niryaat key liye prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa.
pichhale scud sanskaranon key vipareet, 9key720 mein ack warhead thaa joe missile key shareer seey alag thaa, aur apani antim margadarshan pranali key saath susajjit thaa. naak mein lagey tv cameray key saath, system ack onboard computer library (dee. aiss. aim. aeye. see.) seey detta key saath lakshya kshetra kii tulanaa curr sakata haye. iss tarah, yeh 50 meater kii ack golakar truti sambhaavit (see. ee. pee.) praapt karane key liye socha gayaa thaa.
hwasong-5/shahab-1.
uttar koria ney 1979 yaa 1980 mein misra seey apana pahala scud-bee. aiss. praapt kiya. inn misaailon koo riverse engineer kiya gayaa thaa, aur pyongyang mein 125 karkhane, sanam-dong mein ack anusandhaan aur vikas sansthaan aur musudan-ree prakshepan suvidha sahit uttar koriyai buniyaadi dhaanche kaa upayog karke punah utpaadit kiya gayaa thaa. pahala prototype 1984 mein puuraa kiya gayaa thaa, aur naamit hwasong-5. way misra seey praapt aar-17 kii sateek pratikritiyaan theen. pahali pareekshan udaanen aprail 1984 mein huin, lekin pahale sanskaran mein kewal seemit utpaadan dekhaa gayaa, aur koee parichaalan pariniyojan naheen dekhaa gayaa, kyonki iska uddeshya kewal utpaadan prakriya koo maanya karna thaa.
nishchit sanskaran kaa utpaadan 1985 mein dheemi darr seey shuru huaa. iss prakaar mein mool soviyat design kii tulanaa mein kaee mamuli sudhaar shamil kiye gaye. seema mein 10 seey 15 pratishat kii vriddhi kii gaee thee aur yeh uchch visfotak (vaha) yaa cluster rasayanik warhead leey jaa sakata thaa. poore utpaadan chakr key dauran, jaba taka kii 1989 mein ise hwasong-6 key paksh mein charanbaddh roop seey samaapt naheen kiya gayaa, dee. pee. aar. key. nirmaataon key baare mein socha jaataa haye kii unhone vishesh roop seey margadarshan pranali mein chhote sudhaar kiye hain.
1985 mein iran ney uttar koria seey 90 seey 100 hwasong-5 misaailon kaa adhigrahan kiya. iran mein ack utpaadan line bhee sthaapit kii gaee thee, jahan hwasong-5 kaa utpaadan shahaab-1 key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa.
hwasong-6/shahab-2.
hwasong-6 koo juuna 1990 mein pahali baar pareekshan-pravaahit kiya gayaa thaa, aur usee varsh yaa 1991 mein poorna paimaane parr utpaadan mein pravesh kiya gayaa thaa, jaba taka kii ise roddong-1 dwara pratisthaapit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. isamen ack behtar margadarshan pranali haye, joe 500 kimmy kii seema haye, lekin iska bhaar 770 kilogram taka cumm hoe gayaa thaa, halanki ayam mool scud key samaan hain. maja-543 tail kii khareed mein kathinaaiyon key kaaran, uttar koriyai logon koo ack sthaaniya prati kaa utpaadan karna padaa. 1999 taka, uttar koria ney 600 seey 1,000 hwasong-6 misaailon kaa utpaadan kiya thaa, jinamen seey 25 pareekshan key liye upayog kii gaeen, 300 seey 500 kaa niryaat kiya gayaa aur 300 seey 600 kaa upayog koriyai logon kii senaa dwara kiya gayaa thaa.
hwasong-6 koo iran koo niryaat kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan ise shahab-2 key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur seeriya koo, jahaan ise cheeni sahaayata key saath licenses key tahat nirmit kiya jaataa haye. sipri key anusaar, 150 scud-see koo siriya koo 1991-96 mein, 5 koo libya koo 1999 mein, 45 koo yaman koo 2001-02 mein niryaat kiya gayaa thaa.
hwasong-7/shahab-3.
nodong (jise roddong, hwasong-7 key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye), pahali uttar koriyai missile thee jisamen scud design seey mahatvapurna sanshodhan kiye gaye they. vikas 1988 mein shuru huaa, aur pahali missile 1990 mein launch kii gaee thee, lekin yeh spasht roop seey apane launch paid parr visfot hoe gayaa. maee 1993 mein doosara pareekshan safaltapurvak kiya gayaa thaa.
roddong kii mukhya visheshtaen 1000 kimmy kii seema aur anumaanit see. ee. pee. 2,000-4,000 meater hain, joe uttar koriyai logon koo japan parr hamla karane kii kshamata detee hain. missile hwasong shrinkhala seey kaafee badee haye, aur isake isayev 9dee21 injan koo makeyev okebi kii madad seey unnat kiya gayaa thaa. kuchh sahaayata chean aur ukraine seey bhee aaee, jabaki ack nae tail koo ack italvi iveco truck chessis aur ack austriyai crain kaa upayog karke design kiya gayaa thaa. kewal dou parikshanon key baad jiss teji seey roddong koo design aur niryaat kiya gayaa thaa, vaha kaee paschimi paryavekshakon key liye ack ashcharya key roop mein aaya, aur kuchh atkalon koo janm diyaa kii yeh vaastav mein sheet yuddh kii avadhi seey radd kii gaee soviyat pariyojana parr adharit thaa, lekin yeh saabit naheen huaa haye.
iran koo roddong karyakram key adhikansh hisse key liye vittaposhit karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, aur badale mein missile kaa utpaadan karane kii anumati dee jaati haye, kyonki shahaab-3. jabaki pahale prototype koo 1992 kii shuruat mein praapt kiya gayaa hoga, utpaadan kewal 2001 mein roose kii sahaayata seey shuru huaa thaa. roddong koo misra aur libia koo bhee niryaat kiya gayaa haye.
hwasong-9/scud-air.
hwasong-9, jise scud-air (vistaarit seema) bhee kahaa jaataa haye, anivarya roop seey hwasong-6 kaa ack uttar koriyai sanshodhan haye joe adhik seema key liye payload kaa adaan-pradaan kartaa haye; anuman eendhan aur oxidant tankon key cumm payload aur fuselays key thode vistaar key saath badhaane key madhyam seey jitna hoe sakey utanaa hii haye. missile ekal-charan aur sadak mobile haye jisamen ack upa-golaa-barud, rasayanik, yaa sambhaavit roop seey chhote paramanu warhead kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. isaki seema uttar koriyai senaa koo koriyai praaydweep parr kaheen bhee hamla karane aur japan key kshetron koo khatare mein daalane kii anumati detee haye.
hwasong-9 kaa vikas kathit taur parr 1991 mein shuru huaa aur 1994 mein utpaadan shuru huaa. 2003 mein tainaati shuru hui, khufiya chhaviyon ney pahali baar 2005 mein ise dekhaa, aur yeh kewal 2007 mein saarvajanik roop seey prakat kiya gayaa thaa. reports seey pataa chalata haye kii seeriya koo 2000 mein scud-air misaailen mileen, jisase unhein ankara sahit sabhi israel aur dakshinpurvi turkey koo lakshit karane kii kshamata millie; seeriya ney kathit taur parr lambi doori key hwasong-9 koo banaane key liye apani khud kii hwasong-6 utpaadan line koo parivartit curr diyaa.
scud-air/hwasong-9 ney 500 kilogram payload key saath 1,000 kimmy kii seema kaa pradarshan kiya. dakshin koriyai aur sanyukt raajya america kii khufiya ney aaklan kiya kii missile 1,000 kimmy seey adhik kii yatra curr sakati haye, japan ney pahale 2015 key shwet patra mein 1,000 kimmy kii apani seema kaa mulyankan kiya thaa aur 2016 key shwet patra mein seema anuman badhaane parr vichaar kiya thaa.
yuu. aine. ney 2008 seey "scud dee" key liye paintarebaazi vaahan key vikas mein uttar koria kii sahaayata kii. yuu. aine. ney yeh bhee pushti kii kii missile margadarshan aur electronics koo unnat/behtar kiya gayaa thaa.
qm 1.
iran ney 2010 seey pahale swadeshi kiam missile kaa vikas shuru kiya thaa, jaba iska pahali baar saarvajanik roop seey pareekshan kiya gayaa thaa. yeh shahab-2/hwasong-6 seey vikasit kiya gayaa haye.
kiam 1 mein sateekta aur (see. ee. pee.) kii ack seema haye. shahab-2 seey sabse dhyaan dene yogya antar pankhon kii kamee haye-jiska upayog chadhaai key dauran missile key radar hastakshar koo cumm karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye kyonki pankhon seey radar paraavartit hotaa haye. missile seey pankh hataane seey sanrachanaatmak dravyamaan bhee cumm hoe jaataa haye, isaliye payload vajan yaa missile renz koo badhaaya jaa sakata haye. pankh aur sambandhit khinchaav key binaa, missile prakshepavakra mein parivartan key liye adhik uttardaayi hoe sakati haye. irani srot missile parr ack behtar margadarshan pranali kaa hawala dete hain, aur vishleshakon kaa kahana haye kii binaa pankh key missile key udaan key prakshepavakra koo samaayojit karane key liye ack atyadhik uttardaayi margadarshan pranali kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ack alag kiye jaa sakane vaale warhead key judane seey kiam 1 kii sateekta mein bhee sudhaar hotaa haye. warhead mein anya parivartanon mein ack "bebi-bottle" aakar shamil haye, sambhavatah khinchaav koo badhaane key liye aur iss prakaar seema kii keemat parr punah pravesh key dauran sthirata, sambhaavit roop seey sateekta mein vriddhi. aakar warhead key antim wegg koo bhee badhaa sakata haye, jisase ise rokna kathin hoe jaataa haye.
delivery 2010 yaa 2011 mein shuru hui.
 missile kaa pahala ladaakoo upayog 18 juuna 2017 koo isis aatankvaadiyon key khilaf thaa. yaman mein hauthiyon dwara upayog kiya jaane vaalaa burkan 2-aich sambhaavit roop seey sambandhit haye, yaa kiam 1 kaa sambhaavit roop seey usa samooh dwara upayog kiya gayaa haye.
burka-1.
yaman mein hauti balon ney 2 sitambar 2016 koo burkan-1 (jise borcan 1 aur burkan 1 bhee kahaa jaataa haye) kaa anaavaran kiya jaba ise king fahad antarrashtriya havaai adde kii or daaga gayaa thaa.
missile kii seema, soviyat nirmit scud-bee misaailon seey adhik haye, jise hauthi balon ney 2015 mein niyantrit kiya thaa. misaailon koo octuber 2016 mein udaan key beach mein maar giraaya gayaa thaa aur julaai 2017 mein saudi arab dwara makka key pavitra shahar koo nishana banaane kaa daavaa kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki hauthiyon ney daavaa kiya thaa kii lakshya kshetra key havaai adde they.
burka 2-aich.
yaman mein hauti balon ney burkan 2-aich (jise borkan aich2 aur burkan 2aich key roop mein bhee likhaa jaataa haye) kaa anaavaran kiya jaba ise 22 julaai 2017 koo saudi arab mein launch kiya gayaa thaa.
vishleshak ise irani qiyaam 1/scud-see, irani shahab-2/scud-see, yaa scud-dee missile key aadhar parr pahachaante hain. chitra ack "bebi bottle" punah pravesh vaahan koo ingit karate hain, jaise kii shahaab-3 aur kiam 1 missile. missile kii sateek seema agyaat haye, lekin usase adhik haye.
ise julaai 2017 mein launch kiya gayaa thaa, aur dusare launch kaa daavaa 4 navambar 2017 koo kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen missile koo saudi arab kii rajdhani, riyadh key oopar seey maar giraaya gayaa thaa. americi raajya vibhaag key anusaar, missile vaastav mein ack irani qiyaam 1 thee. saudi arab key sanskriti mantralaya aur soochana ney sambaddh press koo ack sainya briefing seey tasveeron kii aapoorti kii, jisamen daavaa kiya gayaa thaa kii yeh irani nishan vaali avarodhit missile key ghatak they joe qiyaam 1 kii anya tasveeron seey mell khaate they.
parichaalan upayog.
scud missile parivaar una kuchh ballistic misaailon mein seey ack haye jinka upayog vibhinn balon dwara vaastavik yuddh mein badey paimaane parr kiya jaataa haye, joe yuddh prakshepan key mamle mein vee-2 key baad dusare sthaan parr haye.scud kaa pahala darj yuddh upayog 1973 mein yom kippur yuddh key anta mein huaa thaa, jaba misra dwara israel key kabje vaale arish aur bridghead key khilaf sways nahar key paschimi tata parr teen misaailen daagi gaeen theen. saat israeli sanic maare gaye they. libya ney aapako jawab diyaa.aiss. 1986 mein ack yuu parr dou scud misaailon seey havaai hamale kiye gaye.aiss. paas key italvi dweep lampedusa parr tata rakshak nauvahan station, joe apane lakshya seey chook gayaa. scud misaailon kaa upayog kaee kshetriya sanghrshon mein kiya gayaa thaa jisamen afghanistan mein soviyat aur afghan communist balon dwara upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur iran-iraq yuddh key dauran tathaakathit "shaharon key yuddh" mein ack dusare key khilaf irani aur iraqi shamil they. israel key khilaf khaadi yuddh key dauran iraq dwara scuds kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa aur saudi arab aur israel mein gathbandhan lakshyon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
1988 mein pakistan mein lakshyon parr afghanistan seey ack darjan seey adhik scuds daage gaye they. 1994 key grih yuddh mein yaman mein bhee thodi sankhya mein scud misaailon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, saath hii 1996 aur usake baad chechanya mein russie balon dwara bhee. libia key grihyuddh mein muammar gaddafi key prati wafadar balon dwara misaailon kaa kuchh mamuli upayog dekhaa gayaa. kathit taur parr inca upayog haal hii mein siriyai senaa dwara chala rahey siriyai grihyuddh mein kiya gayaa haye.
iran-iraq yuddh.
iran-iraq yuddh key dauran ballistic misaailon kaa upayog karane vaalaa iraq pahala thaa, jisane dezful aur ahavaaz key shaharon mein seemit sankhya mein mendhak-7 rockett daage. 27 octuber 1982 koo, iraq ney dezful mein apana pahala scud-bee. aiss. shuru kiya jisamen 21 nagrik maare gaye aur 100 ghayal hoe gaye. scud hamale agale varshon key dauran jaari rahey, 1985 mein teji seey tej hoe gaye, jisamen 100 seey adhik misaailen iran key ander gir gaeen.
jawab mein, irani logon ney ballistic hathiyaron key srot kii khoj kii, antatah 1985 mein safalata praapt kii, jaba unhone libia seey thodi sankhya mein scud-bee praapt kiye. inn hathiyaron koo ack vishesh ikai, "khatam all-anbya" bull koo saunpa gayaa thaa, joe "pasdaran" seey judaa huaa thaa. 12 march koo baghdad aur kirkook mein pahali irani mitty gir gaee. hamalon ney sadaam hussain koo krodhit curr diyaa, lekin iraqi pratikriya unake scuds kii seema seey seemit thee, joe tehran taka naheen pahunch sakee. soviyat sangh dwara tii. aar.-1 temp (aiss. aiss.-12 scaleboard) misaailon key anurodh koo aswikar curr diye jaane key baad, iraq ney scud missile key apane lambi doori key sanskaran koo vikasit karane kii or rukh kiya, jise all hussain key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. iss beach, donon pakshon key paas misaailen jaldi seey khatm hoe gaeen, aur unhein punah aapoorti key liye apane antarrashtriya bhagidaron seey sampark karna padaa. 1986 mein, iraq ney soviyat sangh seey 300 scud-bss kaa adesh diyaa, jabaki iran ney missile vitaran aur gharelu missile udyog koo vikasit karane mein sahaayata key liye uttar koria kii or rukh kiya.
1988 taka seema parr ladaai gatirodh parr pahunch gaee thee, aur donon ladaakon ney gatirodh koo todane key liye aatankvaadi ranneeti kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. 29 farwari seey 20 aprail taka chaley iss sangharsh koo shaharon key yuddh key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa aur isamen scud misaailon kaa gahan upayog dekhaa gayaa jise "scud dwandwayuddh" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. iraq dwara pahale round daage gaye they, jaba saat all-hussain 29 farwari koo tehran mein utare they. kull milakar, iraq ney 189 misaailen daagin, jinamen seey jyaadaatar all-hussain prakaar kii theen, jinamen seey 135 tehran mein, 23 come mein, 22 isfahan mein, chaar tabriz mein, teen shiraaz mein aur dou karaaj mein utarin. iss prakaran key dauran, iraq kii misaailon ney 2,000 irani logon koo maar daala, 6,000 koo ghayal curr diyaa, aur tehran kii ack karod kii aabaadi kaa ack chauthai hissa shahar seey bhaag gayaa. irani pratikriya mein 75 seey 77 hwasong-5, ack uttar koriyai scud sanskaran, iraq mein lakshyon parr, jyaadaatar baghdad mein, launch karna shamil thaa.
2003 mein iraq parr aakraman seey pahale, sadaam hussain kii sarkaar ney daavaa kiya thaa kii iran ney 1999 aur 2001 mein iraq mein logon key mujahideen (aim. key. oh.) parr darjanon scud misaailen daagin, aim. key. oh. ney khud daavaa kiya kii iran ney poore iran-iraq yuddh key dauran 2001 mein iraq parr adhik misaailen daagin.
afghanistan mein grih yuddh.
sabse gahan-aur cumm prasiddh-scud misaailon kaa upayog 1989 aur 1992 key beach afghanistan mein grih yuddh key dauran huaa. 1989 mein soviyat sainikon kii vaapsee key muaavaje key roop mein, ussr afghanistan key loktaantrik ganarajya (dra) koo parishkrit hathiyar dene parr sahmat huaa, jinamen badee matra mein scud-bss aur sambhavatah kuchh scud-see bhee they. pahale 500 koo 1989 key shuruati maheenon key dauran sthanantarit kiya gayaa thaa, aur jald hii yeh ack mahatvapurna ranneetik sampatti saabit hui. pratyek scud battery mein teen tail, teen reloading vaahan, ack mobile mausam vigyaan ikai, ack tanker aur kaee kamaand aur controll truck they. march aur juuna 1989 key beach, jalalabad key khilaf mujahideen key hamale key dauran, soviyat sangh dwara salah dee gaee afghan chaalak dall dwara sanchaalit teen golibari baitariyon ney sankatgrast sainya-senaa kii raksha mein lagbhag 438 misaailen daagi. jald hii afghanistan key sabhi bhaari vivaadit kshetra, jaise kii salang darra aur kandhar shahar, parr scud misaailon kaa hamla huaa.
isaki ashuddhata key kaaran, scud kaa upayog ack kshetra bambari hathiyar key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, aur iska prabhaav manovaigyaanik key saath-saath shaaririk bhee thaah misaailen binaa kissy chetavani key visfot hoe jaayengi, kyonki way udaan mein utpann dhwani seey adhik teji seey yatra karati theen. usa samay, reports ney sanket diyaa kii scud hamalon key afghan vidrohiyon key manobal parr vinashkari parinam they, jinhen antatah pataa chalaa kii gurilla ranneeti lagu karke, aur apani senaa koo titar-bitar aur chhipa curr rakhane seey, way scud hamalon seey hatahaton koo cumm curr sakate hain.
scud kaa upayog ack dandaatmak hathiyar key roop mein bhee kiya jaataa thaa, joe pratirodh dwara aayojit kshetron parr hamla kartaa thaa. march 1991 mein, khost shahar parr kabja karane key turant baad, yeh ack scud hamale seey prabhaavit huaa. 20 aprail 1991 koo, asadabad key bazar mein dou jhaadiyan padeen, jisamen 300 loga maare gaye aur 500 nivasi ghayal hoe gaye. halanki sateek sankhya agyaat haye, inn hamalon key parinamswarup bhaari nagrik hataahat hue. visfoton ney islami netaa jameel all-rahman key mukhyalaya koo nasht curr diyaa aur unake kaee anuyaayiyon koo maar daala.
kull milakar, octuber 1988 aur farwari 1992 key beach, 1,700 seey 2,000 scud prakshepanon key saath, afghanistan ney dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad seey ballistic hathiyaron kii sabse badee sandrata dekhi. janwari 1992 key baad, soviyat salaahkaaron koo vaapas leey liya gayaa, jisase afghan senaa kii apani ballistic misaailon kaa upayog karane kii kshamata cumm hoe gaee. 24 aprail 1992 koo, ahmed shaah masood key mujahideen balon ney afshur mein mukhya scud stockpile parr kabja curr liya, lekin 99veen missile brigade key sadasyon ney apani vardi chhod dee thee aur masood key logon koo aise hathiyaron koo sanchaalit karane kaa koee tarika naheen thaa. jaise hii saamyavaadi sarkaar gir gaee, kuchh shesh gutt aur unake gutt satta key liye ladane vaale pratidvandi guton key beach vibhajit hoe gaye. aprail 1992 aur 1996 key beach aise hathiyaron parr jaankaari kii kamee key kaaran, afghanistan mein kewal 44 scuds daage gaye they. jaba taliban 1996 mein satta mein aaya, tou unhone shesh scuds mein seey kuchh parr kabja curr liya, lekin rakharkhaav kii kamee ney missile bull kii sthiti koo iss hudd taka cumm curr diyaa thaa kii 2001 taka kewal paanch scud firing hui theen.aiss. afghanistan parr aakraman, antim chaar jeevit scud lancher 2005 mein nasht curr diye gaye they.
khaadi yuddh.
scud hamale.
khaadi yuddh key prakop parr, iraq key paas ack prabhaavi, yadi seemit, ballistic missile bull thaa. mool scud-bee key alawa, kaee sthaaniya roop vikasit kiye gaye they. inmein iran-iraq yuddh key dauran vikasit all-hussain, all-hizarah, ack chhota all-hussain aur all-abbas shamil they, joe ack vistaarit-seema scud thaa jise nishchit prakshepan sthalon seey daaga gayaa thaa, jiska kabhi upayog naheen kiya gayaa thaa. soviyat-nirmit maaj-543 vaahan pramukh lancher thaa, saath hii kuchh sthaaniya roop seey design kiye gaye tail, all nidaa aur all valeed they.
iraq aur kuwait key baahar gathbandhan kii adhikansh mauton key liye scuds jimmedaar they. kull 88 scud misaailon mein seey 46 saudi arab mein aur 42 israel mein daagi gaeen. pensylvania national gaard key atthais sadasya maare gaye they jaba ack scud ney saudi arab key dhahran mein sanyukt raajya senaa key bairakon koo maaraa thaa.
scud shikaar.
sanyukt raajya vayu senaa ney una kshetron mein havaai gasht kaa ayojan kiya jahaan scud lancharon key sanchaalit honey kaa sandeh thaa, arthaat paschimi iraq, jorden kii seema key paas, jahaan scud israel parr daage gaye they, aur dakshini iraq, jahaan way saudi arab koo lakshit curr rahey they. dinn key dauran inn kshetron key oopar seey ack-10 prahaar vimaan ney udaan bharee, aur raat mein lantirn podd aur synthetic aperture radar seey susajjit aff-15 koo gasht key liye rakhaa gayaa. haalaanki, iraqi tails key avarakt hastakshar aur radar hastakshar samanya trucks aur aspas key vidyut chumbakiya avyavastha seey alag karna lagbhag asambhav thaa. yuddh key dauran, gasht key dauran, strike aircraft 42 maukon parr mobile tail dekhane mein kamyab rahey, lekin kewal aathh baar vimaan lakshyon kaa pataa lagaane mein saksham they taaki way apane ayudh chhod sakein. isake alawa, iraqi missile ikaaiyon ney apane scud tail koo titar-bitar curr diyaa aur unhein puliyon, vaadiyon yaa rajmarg pulon key neeche chhipa diyaa. unhone "shoot-aind-scooter" ranneeti kaa bhee abhyaas kiya, lancher koo goli chalaane key turant baad ack chhipe hue sthaan parr vaapas leey liya, jabaki prakshepan anukram joe aamtaur parr 90 minut kaa hotaa thaa, usey ghataakar aadhe ghante curr diyaa gayaa. isase way gathbandhan key ashawadi daavon key bavjood apani senaaon koo sanrakshit karane mein saksham hue. yuddh key baad key panchbhuj adhyayan ney nishkarsh nikala kii gathbandhan vimaanon dwara apekshaakrit cumm prakshepak nasht kiye gaye they.
sanyukt raajya seey jamini-adharit vishesh balon koo gupt roop seey iraq mein scud lancharon kaa pataa lagaane aur unhein nasht karane key liye daala gayaa thaa, yaa tou havaai hamalon kaa nirdeshan karke yaa kuchh mamalon mein milan maine-portable misaailon seey seedhe una parr hamla karke. ack udaaharan 8-aadami saas gashti koo naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jise "andy mcnab" (ack chhadm naam) dwara netritva kiya gayaa thaa. iss gashti key parinamswarup sabhi kii maut hoe gaee yaa sabhi koo pakad liya gayaa, lekin isake ack sadasya, "criss reyan".
scud tails kii gatishilata ney golibari kii sthiti key vikalp kii anumati dee aur hathiyar pranali kii uttarjeevita koo iss hudd taka badhaa diyaa kii khaadi yuddh mein gathbandhan pilots aur vishesh balon dwara nasht kiye gaye lagbhag 100 lancharon mein seey ack bhee vinash kii pushti naheen kii jaa sakee. yuddh key baad, uncom jaanch seey pataa chalaa kii iraq key paas abhee bhee 12 maja-543 vaahan, saath hii saat all-valeed aur all-nidal lancher aur 62 poorna all-hussain misaailen theen.
1994 yaman grih yuddh.
1994 mein yaman mein grih yuddh key dauran, dakshin yaman algavvadiyon ney sanaa kii yaman rajdhani parr scud misaailen chalaain.
chechan yuddh.
1996 mein pahale chechan yuddh key dauran aur 1999 key anta/2000 kii shuruat mein dusare chechan yuddh key dauran russie balon dwara chhoti sankhya mein scuds kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen grozeny (1999-2000) kii ladaai bhee shamil thee. haalaanki media dwara aksar scuds key roop mein report kiya jaataa haye, chechan yuddhon mein daage gaye 60-100 srbms mein seey adhikansh oh. tii. aar-21 tochka (aiss. aiss.-21 scarb-bee) they.
libian grihyuddh.
maee 2011 mein, libia key grihyuddh key dauran, yeh afwah thee kii muammar gaddafi key balon dwara gaddafi virodhi balon key khilaf scud-bee koo daaga gayaa thaa. pahala pushti upayog kaee maheenon baad huaa, jaba 15 agast 2011 koo, jaba gaddafi virodhi balon ney tripoli kii gaddafi-niyantrit rajdhani koo gher liya, libian senaa key balon ney gaddafi key grihnagar sirate key paas 100 kilometres seey adhik door cyrenaca mein gaddafi virodhi sthitiyon kii or ack scud missile daagi. missile ney azdabia key paas registan mein hamla kiya, jisase koee hataahat naheen huaa. 22 agast 2011 koo, sirate mein gaddafi balon dwara doosara scud-bee bhee daaga gayaa. 23 agast koo, vipakshi balon ney galat soochana mein bataaya kii sirate seey shahar key khilaf chaar scud-bee misaailen daagi gaeen, lekin koee nuksan naheen huaa thaa. praarambhik daavon kii ack ags ballistic missile raksha pranali-susajjit us nevi cruiser ney sidra kii khaadi key oopar misaailon koo maar giraaya, baad mein us dodd adhikaariyon dwara incar kiya gayaa thaa.
siriyai grihyuddh.
12 disambar 2012 koo, vibhinn outlets dwara yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii siriyai senaa ney siriyai grih yuddh mein vidrohiyon key khilaf cumm doori kii ballistic misaailon kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa haye. naato adhikaariyon key anusaar, "sambaddh khufiya, nigrani aur tohi parisampattiyon" ney seeriya key ander dishaheen, cumm doori kii ballistic misaailon key ack sankhya (baad kii reports mein cumm seey cumm 6) key prakshepan kaa pataa lagaaya thaa. prakshepavakra aur yatra kii gaee doori ney sanket diyaa kii way scud-prakaar kii misaailen theen, halanki usa samay upayog kiye jaa rahey scud key prakaar key baare mein koee jaankaari pradaan naheen kii gaee thee. ack americi khufiya adhikaari, jisane pehchaan naa bataane key liye kahaa, ney pushti kii kii uttari seeriya mein lakshyon parr damishk kshetra seey misaailen daagi gaee theen, jahaan vidrohiyon key adhikansh adde aur suvidhaaen sthit hain.
22 farwari 2013 koo aleppo key vidrohiyon key kabje vaale purvi bhaag aur paas key shahar tail rifat key teen jilon mein ballistic misaailen daagi gaeen, jisase pratyek sthaan parr 20 ghar taka samtal hoe gaye. manvadhikar nireekshak ole solwang ney 25 farwari koo scuds dwara lakshit kshetron kaa daura karate hue kahaa kii unhone desh kii apani pichhali yaatraon key dauran "aisaa vinash kabhi naheen dekhaa". newyork sthit sangathan key anusaar hamalon mein cumm seey cumm 141 loga maare gaye, jinamen 71 bachche bhee shamil they. bayaan mein kahaa gayaa haye kii prabhaavit kshetron mein vidrohiyon kii upasthiti kaa koee sanket naheen thaa, jiska arth haye kii hamale gairkaanooni they. siriyai soochana mantri omran all-joabi ney sarkaar dwara ballistic hathiyaron kaa upayog karane seey incar kiya, jabaki vipakshi kaaryakartaon ney daavaa kiya kii disambar 2012 seey 30 seey adhik hathiyar launch kiye gaye they.
yaman grihyuddh (2015-vartamaan).
juuna 2015 taka hauthiyon key paas 300 scud misaailen theen, halanki saudi key netritva vaale havaai hamalon ney kathit roop seey unamen seey adhikansh koo kshatigrast yaa nasht curr diyaa."2015 aur navambar 2017 key beach, hauti balon ney saudi arab parr 170 seey adhik ballistic misaailen daagin, jinamen scud, scarab aur sanshodhit aiss. aeye.-2 misaailen shamil hain. octuber 2016 taka, deshbhakt misaailon kaa upayog karke 85 avrodhanon kii pushti kii gaee thee. scud-bee misaailon key alawa, all-salil sainya adde parr 6 juuna 2015 koo ack ekal scud-see missile key prakshepan kii report haye. scud misaailon key sthaaniya sanskaran, jinhen burkan 1 aur burkan 2-aich key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, sitambar 2016 seey hauthiyon dwara pradarshit aur upayog kiye gaye hain.
nagorno-karabakh yuddh (2020).
11 octuber 2020 koo desh key dusare sabse badey shahar ganja, azerbaijan mein nagorno-karabakh key kshetra seey ack scud missile daagi gaee thee. parinamswarup, azerbaijan key aadhikarik sootron key anusaar, chaar mahilaaon sahit 10 loga maare gaye aur bachchon sahit 35 loga ghayal hoe gaye.
16 octuber 2020 koo, nagorno-karabakh mein armeniyai sashastr balon ney ganja parr ack aur scud missile daagi. azerbaijan mein adhikaariyon ney ghoshana kii kii dou shishuon sahit cumm seey cumm 13 loga maare gaye hain, aur 50 seey adhik anya ghayal hue hain.
azerbaijan ney yuddh key dauran cumm seey cumm ack scud missile lancher koo nasht curr diyaa.
prachaalak.
 2022 taka scuds yaa scud derivative key sanchaalak hainh