
aeye. ee. ghar kaa aadami

alfred edward houseman (; 26 march 1859-30 aprail 1936) ack angreji shaastriya vidwan aur kavi they. vishvavidyalaya mein shuru mein kharaab pradarshan key baad, unhone landan mein ack clerk key roop mein naukari lii aur pahale ack niji vidwan key roop mein prakaashit karke apani shaikshanik pratishtha sthaapit kii. baad mein houseman koo university college landan mein aur phir cambridge vishvavidyalaya mein lattin kaa professor niyukt kiya gayaa. unhein abb apane yug key agrani shastriyatavadiyon mein seey ack key roop mein sweekaar kiya jaataa haye aur unhein kissy bhee samay key mahantam vidvaanon mein seey ack key roop mein sthaan diyaa gayaa haye. kishore, manillius aur lucan key unake sanskaranon koo abhee bhee aadhikarik maanaa jaataa haye.
1896 mein way ack kavi key roop mein "ack shropshire ladke" key saath ubhare, ack chakr jisamen way ack aprachalit aur udas yuva key roop mein prastut hotey hain. ack dheemi shuruat key baad, yeh yuva pathakon kii kalpana parr kabja curr liya, praarambhik mrityu key saath isaki vyastata vishesh roop seey yuddh key samay key dauran unhein aakarshit karati haye. 1922 mein unaki "antim kavitaon" ney unaki pratishtha koo badhaaya, joe inn sangrhon seey lii gaee badee sankhya mein geeton kii setting seey aur badh gaee. unaki mrityu key baad, unaki notebook seey aage kii kavitaaen unake bhaai laurence dwara prakaashit kii gaeen. yeh taba bhee thaa, halanki gharwale ney khud koee sweekaar naheen kiya thaa, kii usake yaun abhivinyas parr sawal uthaaye jaane lagey.
praarambhik jeevan.
saat bachchon mein sabse badey, ghar key aadami kaa janm focbury mein valley house mein huaa thaa, joe worcestershire mein bromsgrove key baahari ilaake mein ack basti haye, saaraa jaine (nee williams, 17 juuna 1858 koo woodechester, glucester mein shaadi kii) aur aid houseman (jiska parivaar lankester seey aaya thaa), aur 24 aprail 1859 koo catahill mein christ church mein bapatisma liya gayaa thaa. unake baarahaven janmadin parr unaki maan kii mrityu hoe gaee, aur unake pitaa, ack desh key vakeel, ney 1873 mein ack badey chachere bhaai, luci seey shaadi kii. unake dou bhaai-bahan pramukh lekhak bunn gaye, bahan clemens houseman aur bhaai laurence houseman.
houseman kii shiksha birmingham mein king edward key school aur baad mein bromsgrove school mein hui, jahan unhone apane shaikshanik vaade kaa khulasa kiya aur apani kavitaon key liye puraskar jeete. 1877 mein unhone sent johns college, oxford key liye ack khuli chhatravritti jeeti aur vahaan shaastriya adhyayan karane gaye. halanki antarmukhi swabhaav key honey key bavjood, ghar key rahane vaale dou roommate, moosa johnn jackson (1858-14 janwari 1923) aur ack ghar key rahane vaale key saath majboot dosti karate they. doubleu. pollard. halanki grihasth ney 1879 mein shaastriya moderation mein pahali baar pravesh kiya, lekin paath vishleshan key prati unake samarpan ney unhein pracheen itihas aur darshan kii upeksha karane key liye prerit kiya joe mahaan pathyakram kaa hissa thaa. tadnusar, vaha apane final mein whiffle rahey aur unhein pariksha mein phir seey baithane aur cumm seey cumm nimn-star kii utteern degree praapt karane key liye michael key karyakal mein apamaanit hocker lautana padaa. halanki kuchh loga apani pareekshaon mein ghar key aadami key apratyaashit pradarshan koo seedhe jackson key liye usaki ektarafa bhaavanaon key liye kahate hain, adhikansh jeevani lekhak adhik spasht karanon koo jodate hain. ghar kaa aadami darshan key prati udaseen thaa aur apane asadharan uphaaron mein atee aatmavishvaas rakhta thaa, aur usane apane doston key saath bahut adhik samay bitaaya. hoe sakata haye kii vaha apane pitaa kii hatash bimari kii khabar seey bhee vichalit hoe gayaa hoe.
oxford key baad, jackson landan mein patent karyalaya mein ack clerk key roop mein kaam karane gaye aur vahaan ghar key malik key liye bhee naukari kii vyavastha kii. donon ney 1885 taka jackson key bhaai edelbert key saath ack flat saajha kiya, jaba ghar kaa malik apane awas mein chalaa gayaa, shayed jackson ney ghar key aadami seey pyaar kii ghoshana kaa jawab dete hue kahaa kii vaha apani bhaavanaon kaa adaan-pradaan naheen curr sakata thaa. dou saal baad, jackson bhaarat chaley gaye, apane aur ghar key aadami key beach adhik doori banaa lii. jaba way 1889 mein shaadi karane key liye kuchh samay key liye ingland laute, tou ghar key aadami koo shaadi mein aamantrit naheen kiya gayaa thaa aur jaba taka dampati desh naheen chhod gaye they taba taka unhein isake baare mein kuchh bhee pataa naheen thaa. edelbert jackson kii 1892 mein mrityu hoe gaee aur ghar key aadami ney "xlii-a" key roop mein prakaashit ack kavita mein unaki yaad mein likhaa.jey.jey."adhik kavitaaen" (1936).
iss beach, ghar key malik ney swatantra roop seey apane shaastriya adhyayan kaa peechha kiya, aur horres, propertius, ovid, eskillus, euripids aur sophocles parr vidvaanon key lekh prakaashit kiye. unhone propertius kaa ack sanskaran bhee puuraa kiya, jise haalaanki 1885 mein oxford vishvavidyalaya press aur mcmillan donon ney aswikar curr diyaa thaa, aur unaki mrityu key baad nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unhone dheere-dheere itani uchch pratishtha hassil kii kii 1892 mein unhein university college landan (yuu. see. ell.) mein lattin key professor key roop mein pesh kiya gayaa aur sweekaar curr liya gayaa. jaba unake karyakal key dauran, 1535 kii ack behad durlabh coverdale bible kii khoj yuu. see. ell. pustakalaya mein kii gaee aur pustakalaya samiti key saamane prastut kii gaee, tou ghar key aadami (joe oxford mein rahate hue naastik bunn gaye they) ney tippani kii kii ise "aaya key saath kuchh vaastav mein upayogi kitaaben khareedane" key liye bechana behtar hoga.
baad mein jeevan.
haalaanki ack professor key roop mein unake shuruati kaam aur jimmedariyon mein lattin aur greek donon shamil they, lekin unhone lattin kavita mein visheshagyata hassil karna shuru curr diyaa. baad mein jaba unase poochha gayaa kii unhone yunani kavita key baare mein likhana kyon bund curr diyaa, tou unhone jawab diyaa, "maine paaya kii main donon mein utkrishtata praapt naheen curr sakaa."1911 mein unhone trinity college, cambridge mein lattin key canady professor kaa pada sambhala, jahan way apane shesh jeevan key liye rahey. 
1903 aur 1930 key beach houseman ney manillius key "astronomican" key apane aalochanatmak sanskaran koo paanch khandon mein prakaashit kiya. unhone juvenal (1905) aur lucan (1926) kaa bhee sampadan kiya. jee. pee. vishvavidyalaya mahavidyalaya mein utkrisht professor, gooled ney apane poorvavarti kii uplabdhiyon key baare mein likhaa kii "ghar key malik kii chhatravritti kii viraasat sthaayi moolya kii baat haye; aur usa moolya mein spasht parinam, lattin key baare mein samanya prastaavon kii sthaapana aur lekhak kii galatiyon koo hataane kii tulanaa mein cumm hotaa haye, joe vaha kaam parr ack adbhut dimag pradaan kartaa haye... way antim mahaan paathya aalochak they aur reh sakate hain. haalaanki, hairi ires kii nazaron mein, ack professor key roop mein ghar kaa aadami "prasiddh roop seey shushk" thaa, aur unake prabhaav ney saahitya aur kavita key adhyayan mein ack vidvatapurna shally kii or leey gayaa joe bhasha vigyaan aur bhavna key binaa thee. 
kaee sahakarmi una logon parr gharwalon key teekhe hamalon seey pareshan they jinhen vaha ghatiya chhatravritti kaa doshi samajhata thaa. apane pepper "dha application off thot too textual critices" (1921) mein unhone likhaah "apane vyavasaay mein lagey ack paath aalochak grahon kii gati kii jaanch karane vaale neuton kii tarah bilkul naheen haih vaha pissu key liye kutte key shikaar kii tarah haye. unhone apane samkaaleen vidvaanon mein seey kaee koo moorkh, aalsi, vyarth yaa teenon ghoshit karate hue kahaah "gyaan achchha haye, vidhi achchi haye, lekin ack cheej anya sabhi seey parey aavashyak haye; aur vaha haye aapke kandhon parr ack sir honah, ack kaddu naheen, aur aapke sir mein dimag honah, kheer naheen.
unake chhote sahayogi aeye. aiss. aff. gau ney inn hamalon key udaaharan uddhrit kiye, yeh dekhate hue kii way "aksar charam mein kroor they. gau ney yeh bhee bataaya kii kaise gharwale chhatron koo daraate they, kabhi-kabhi mahilaaon koo rote they. gau key anusaar, ghar kaa aadami kabhi bhee mahila chhatron key naam yaad naheen rakh sakata thaa, yeh kahate hue kii "aggar usane miss johns aur miss robbinson key beach key antar seey apani smriti parr bojh daala hotaa, tou vaha dusare aur chauthe girawat key beach koo bhool gayaa hotaa. unake cambridge vyakhyanon mein adhik ullekhaniya chhatron mein anoch pavel they, jinake apane shaastriya sanshodhanon mein seey ack koo baad mein ghar key malik dwara saraha gayaa thaa.
apane niji jeevan mein gharwale ney desh mein tahalane, bhojan-grahan, havaai yatra aur france kii baar-baar yatra karane kaa anand liya, jahan unhone "aisee kitaaben padhee joe britten mein ashleel key roop mein pratibandhit theen" lekin unhone ack baar phir seey aisaa kiya. see. benson, ack saathi donn, "pahali chaachi kii ack lambi kataar seey utaraa". apani kavita key baare mein unaki bhaavanaaen aspasht theen aur unhone nishchit roop seey ise apani vidvata key liye gauna maanaa. unhone 1933 taka apani kavitaon key baare mein saarvajanik roop seey baat naheen kii, jaba unhone "kavita kaa naam aur prakriti" parr vyakhyan diyaa, aur tark diyaa kii kavita koo buddhi key bajaay bhaavanaon koo aakarshit karna chaahiye.
ghar key aadami kii mrityu, 77 varsh kii ayu mein, cambridge mein hui. unaki raakh sent laurence church, ludlo key thheek baahar dafnai gaee haye. unaki smriti mein vahaan ack cherry kaa pedh lagaaya gayaa thaa (dekhein "ack shropshire ladka") aur 2003 mein houseman society dwara paas mein ack nae cherry key pedh key saath pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
kavita.
"ack shropshire ladka.
landan mein apane varshon key dauran, ghar key aadami ney 63 kavitaon kaa ack chakr "aeye shropshire laid" puuraa kiya. ack prakaashak dwara ise aswikar karane key baad, unhone 1896 mein isake prakaashan koo subsidy dene mein madad kii. pahali baar mein dheere-dheere bikri, yeh teji seey ack sthaayi safalata bunn gaee. angreji sangeetkaron key liye isaki appeal ney ise pratham vishva yuddh seey pahale vyaapak roop seey gyaat karane mein madad kii thee, jaba isake vishayon ney angreji pathakon key saath ack shaktishali taal lagaa dee thee. yeh pustak maee 1896 seey lagaatar chhaapi jaa rahee haye.
kavitaaen nirashawad aur mrityu key saath vyastata seey chihnit hain, binaa kissy dhaarmik santvana key (grihaswami snaatak honey key bavjood naastik bunn gayaa thaa). ghar key malik ney unamen seey kaee koo landan key highget mein rahate hue likhaa, isase pahale kii vaha kabhi shropshire kaa daura karein, jise unhone ack aadarsh graameen prakaash mein apani 'khoi hui samagri kii bhoomi' key roop mein prastut kiya. houseman ney swayam sweekaar kiya kii "isamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii main anajaane mein yoonaniyon aur lattin seey prabhaavit rhaa huun, lekin [jinake] mukhya sroton key baare mein main sachet huun way hain shekspeare key geet, scotish border gaathaagit aur hein.
baad mein sangrah.
pratham vishva yuddh key baad ghar key aadami ney kavitaon kaa ack nayaa samooh ikattha karna shuru kiya. unake praarambhik kaary kaa kaee british kaviyon parr prabhaav padaa joe yuddh key baare mein apane lekhan seey prasiddh hue, aur unhone yuddh mein maare gaye logon key smaran mein kabhi-kabhaar kavita key roop mein kaee kavitaaen likhin. isamen yuddh kii shuruat mein belgium bheje gaye peshevar sainikon key ack kuleen lekin chhote bull, british abhiyaan bull kaa sammaan karate hue unakaa "bhaade key sainikon kii senaa parr ack prateek" shamil thaa. 1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein, jaba mosses jackson kanada mein marr rahey they, tou ghar kaa aadami apani sabse achchi aprakaashit kavitaon koo ikattha karna chaahata thaa taaki jackson unhein apani mrityu seey pahale padh sakey. yeye baad kii kavitaaen, joe jyaadaatar 1910 seey pahale likhi gaee theen, "ack shropshire ladke" kii tulanaa mein vishay aur roop kii adhik vividhata dikhaati hain, lekin isaki nirantarta kaa abhaav haye. unhone apana nayaa sangrah "antim kavitaaen" (1922) key roop mein prakaashit kiya, yeh mahsoos karate hue kii unaki prerana samaapt hoe gaee haye aur unhein apane jivankal mein adhik prakaashit naheen karna chaahiye.
1936 mein ghar key malik kii mrityu key baad, unake bhaai, laurence ney "adhik kavitaon" (1936) mein aage kii kavitaaen prakaashit keen. ee.aich.: kuchh kavitaaen, kuchh patra aur unake bhaai kaa ack vyaktigat sansmaran "(1937), aur" sangrahit kavitaaen "(1939). "aeye. ee. aich."isamen hasyamaya kavita shamil haye jaise kii longfello kii kavita" "accelsure" "kii parody. houseman ney angreji mein ack parody "ack yunani trasdi kaa tukada" bhee likhaa, jise maranoparant "unkind too unicorn" sheershak key tahat hasyamaya kavitaon key saath prakaashit kiya gayaa.
johnn sparro ney ghar key aadami key jeevan mein dair seey likhe gaye ack patra kaa hawala diyaa jisamen unaki kavitaon kii utpatti kaa varnan kiya gayaa haih
gauraiya khud kahati haye, "ack santoshjanak vishleshan praapt karna kitna mushkil haye, iska aaklan" ack shropshire ladka "kii antim kavita parr vichaar karke kiya jaa sakata haye. isake chaar shlokon mein seey, ghar kaa aadami hamein bataata haye kii dou koo 'diyaa' gayaa thaa jise usey taiyar kiya gayaa thaa; ack yaa dou ghante baad usaki avachetanta seey ack koo baahar nikala gayaa thaa; shesh ack koo sachet rachana key maheenon lagey. koee bhee nishchit roop seey naheen bataa sakata kii kaun saa thaa."
"dha emitia" (dosti kaa).
1942 mein laurence houseman ney bhee "aeye" naamak ack nibandh jamaa kiya. ee. british pustakalaya mein houseman 'dee emicitia', iss praavdhaan key saath kii ise 25 varshon taka prakaashit naheen kiya jaanaa thaa. nibandh mein charcha kii gaee. ee. gharwale kii samalaingikta aur moosa jackson key liye uska pyaar. usa samay kii roodhivaadi prakriti aur saarvajanik jeevan mein apani khud kii savdhani key bavjood, ghar kaa aadami apani kavita mein, aur vishesh roop seey "ack shorpshire ladke" mein, apani gahari sahaanubhooti key baare mein kaafee khula thaa. udaaharan key liye, usa anukram kii kavita XXX bataati haye kii kaise "bhaya ichcha key saath sangharsh kartaa haye": "anya, main pahala naheen huun,/unhone jitna saahas kiya haye usase adhik shararat kii haye. adhik kavitaon" mein, vaha moosa jackson key liye apane pyaar koo yaad karane key kaary mein dafan kartaa haye, kyonki usake pyaar kii bhaavanaon kaa adaan-pradaan naheen hotaa haye aur usey kabr taka naheen leey jaaya jaanaa chaahieh
unaki kavita "oh, vaha yuva paapi kaun haye jisaki kalaai parr hathkadi luggy hui haye?", auskar wild key pareekshan key baad likhaa gayaa, samlaingikon key prati adhik samanya drishtikon koo sambodhit kiya. kavita mein kaidi apane baalon key rung key liye peedit haye, ack praakritik guna jise samalaingikta key ack samhitaabaddh sandarbh mein, "namheen aur ghrinit" key roop mein badnam kiya gayaa haye (kanuni vakyansh "packetum elude horibil, inter christianos none nominandum", usa bhayaanak paap koo yaad karate hue, jiska naam isaaiyon key beach naheen rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye).
sangeet kii vyavasthaaen.
ghar key aadami kii kavita, vishesh roop seey "ack shropshire ladka", 20 veen shatabdi key pahale bhaag mein kaee british, aur vishesh roop seey angreji sangeetkaron dwara sangeet key liye sett kiya gayaa thaa. unaki shally key rashtriya, dehaati aur paaramparik tatva angreji sangeet mein samaan rujhaanon key saath pratidhwanit hue. 1904 mein chakr "ack shropshire ladka" arther somervail dwara nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone 1898 mein tennison key "maud" key apane sanskaran mein angreji geet-chakr kii avadharana koo vikasit karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. stephen banfield kaa maanana haye kii yeh somervail key chakr seey parichit thaa jisane anya sangeetkaron koo houseman sett karane key liye prerit kiyaah ralf waghan williams ney 3 farwari 1905 koo aolian holl mein pahale pradarshan mein bhaag lene kii sambhavana haye. string quartet, tenor aur piano key liye "onn wenlock aij" key chhah geeton kaa unakaa prasiddh chakr 1909 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. 1909 aur 1911 key beach george butterworth ney dou sangrhon mein setting kaa nirmaan kiya, "ack shropshire key chhah geet" aur "braden hill aur anya geet". unhone orchestra tone kavita "aeye shropshire laid" bhee likhi, joe pahali baar 1912 mein leads festival mein prastut kii gaee thee.
ivor gurney ack anya sangeetkaar they jinhone ghar key logon kii kavitaon kii prasiddh vyavastha kii. pratham vishva yuddh key anta mein way apani aavaaz aur taar chaukadi (1919 mein prakaashit) key liye apane chakr "ludlo aind tame" parr kaam curr rahey they, aur 1921 mein aathh geeton key chakr "dha western playland" kii rachana karane key liye aage badhe. iss avadhi key dauran ack aur jisane geet chakr mein ghar key logon key geeton koo sett kiya, johnn ireland thaa, "dha laind off lost content" (192021). charles wilfred or ney 1920 seey 1950 key dashak taka rachit geeton aur geet chakron mein kissy bhee anya sangeetkaar kii tulanaa mein adhik grihini sthaapit kiye. yahaan taka kii 'paadari' parampara seey seedhe taur parr judey sangeetkaar, jaise kii arnold backs, lenox berkley aur arther bliss, bhee gharwalon kii kavita kii or aakarshit hue. 
apani kavita kii sangeet vyakhyaon key prati aur vaastav mein samanya roop seey sangeet key prati ghar key aadami kaa ravaiya yaa tou udasinta yaa peedaa thee. unhone apane dost persey vithers seey kahaa kii unhein sangeet key baare mein kuchh bhee pataa naheen thaa aur iska unake liye koee matlab naheen thaa. ack baar vidar ney unhein waghan williams kii setting kaa record diyaa thaa, lekin jaba unhone kavi key chehare parr ghrina kaa roop dekhaa tou unhein ehsas huaa kii unhone galati curr dee thee. phir bhee, 1976 taka ack soochi mein ghar key logon kii kavitaon kii 400 sangeet settings soochibaddh kii gaeen. 2023 taka, lider nett archive ney 188 granthon kii 646 settings darj kii hain.
smaarak.
houseman kaa sabse pahala smaran cambridge mein trinity college key chappel mein thaa, jahan dakshin deewaar parr ack smaarak peetal haye. lattin shilalekh vahaan unake sahayogi dwara rachit kiya gayaa thaa. aiss. aff. gau, joe apani mrityu key turant baad prakaashit ack jeevani aur granthasuchi sketch key lekhak bhee they. angreji mein anuvaadit, smaarak mein likhaa haih
1947 seey, university college landan kaa akaadamik samanya kamra unaki smriti mein houseman room key roop mein samarpit thaa. baad mein neele pattikaon key baad, 1969 mein highget mein byron cottage parr pahali baar, iss tathya koo darj kiya gayaa kii vahaan "ack shropshire ladka" likhaa gayaa thaa. isake baad, unake janm sthaan, unake gharon aur bromsgrove mein school mein rakhaa gayaa. baad vaale koo houseman society dwara protsaahit kiya gayaa thaa, jisaki sthaapana 1973 mein shahar mein kii gaee thee. ack aur pahal bromsgrove hyee street mein pratima thee, jisamen kavi koo haath mein chhadi laker chalate hue dikhaaya gayaa thaa. sthaaniya moortikaar keneth pots key kaam kaa anaavaran 22 march 1985 koo kiya gayaa thaa.
versestershire mein neeli pattikaaen 1996 mein "ack shropshire ladke" kii shatabdi parr sthaapit kii gaeen theen. usee varsh sitambar mein westminster abby mein kaviyon key koney mein ack smaarak khidki loseng koo samarpit kiya gayaa thaa, agale varsh tomm stoppered key naatak "prem kaa aavishkaar" kaa premiere dekhaa gayaa, jiska vishay ghar key aadami aur mosses jackson key beach sambandh haye.
jaise hii unaki 150veen jayanti najdeek aaee, landan vishvavidyalaya ney 2005 mein shaastriya vishayon parr apane grihaswami vyakhyanon kaa udghaatan kiya, shuru mein harr dusare varsh diyaa jaataa thaa aur phir 2011 key baad salana diyaa jaataa thaa. varshgaanth parr 2009 mein hii "ack shropshire laid" kaa ack nayaa sanskaran prakaashit huaa, jisamen sthaaniya photographer gerth thomas dwara liye gaye chitra shamil they. anya karyakramon key alawa, ludlo mein sent laurence church mein waghan williams key "onn wenlock aij" aur gurney key "ludlo aind tame" key pradarshan they.
kaam kartaa haye.
prakaashit vyakhyan.
inn vyakhyanon koo vitaran kii tarikh key anusaar soochibaddh kiya jaataa haye, jisamen pahale prakaashan kii tarikh alag seey dee jaati haye yadi alag hoe.
gadya sangrah.
"chayanit gadya", johnn carter dwara sampaadit, cambridge vishvavidyalaya press, 1961

