
vikan riddy

vikkan riddy ack aisaa kathan haye joe vikka key neopagon dharm aur kuchh anya sambandhit jaadoo-tona-adharit vishvaason mein pramukh naitik pranali pradaan kartaa haye. riddy kaa ack samanya roop haye "koee nuksan naheen, joe aap karenge vaha karein" joe ack lambi kavita seey liya gayaa thaa jiska sheershak bhee thaa vikan riddy.
riddy" shabd madhya angreji seey nikla haye, jiska arth haye "salah" yaa "paramarsh", aur german yaa scandinavian seey nikatata seey sambandhit haye. "ack" ack pracheen madhya angreji sanyojan haye, jiska arth haye "yadi."aap" "aap" (namvachak bahuvachan) kaa ack pracheen yaa dwandwaatmak roop haye.
itihas.
aathh shabd" key roop mein apane sabse prasiddh roop mein, riddy koo pahali baar saarvajanik roop seey 1964 key bhaashan mein dorin valient dwara darj kiya gayaa thaa. riddy key anya roopon mein shamil hainh
ack aur ullekhaniya poorvavritt koo daarshanik johnn stuart mill ney 19veen shatabdi mein apane "nuksan siddhant" key saath saamane rakhaa thaa. "mill kaa tark haye kii kaanoon kaa ekmatra uddeshya logon koo dusaron koo nuksan pahunchaane seey rokna honah chaahiye aur yeh kii loga binaa kissy gawah key peedit apraadhon, apraadhon mein bhaag lena chaahte hain, jaise kii juaa, nashili davaaon kaa upayog, veshyavritti mein sanlagn honah, tou unhein aisaa karane mein atikraman naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye."isake alawa, vakyansh kaa pahala bhaag lattin adhikatam primum none nosere (pahale koee nuksan naa karein) key samaan haye.
lambe samay taka.
dha vikkan riddy" naamak ack poori chhattis pankti kavita neopagon patrika "arth religion news" key vasant 1974 key ank mein prakaashit hui thee. pratyek pankti mein ack ekal pankti key roop mein ack tukbandi yugal thaa, antim pankti parichit "laghu riddy" yugal "aathh shabdon kii shuruat thee...".
iss kavita key baad jald hii ack aur, thodaa alag, sanskaran aaya, jiska sheershak thaa "riddy off dha vikke", jise lady gwen thompson dwara "green egg" patrika mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. unhone ise apani daadi adriana porter koo diyaa, aur daavaa kiya kii pahale prakaashit paath koo "isake mool roop" seey vikrit kiya gayaa thaa. kavita taba seey bahut vyaapak roop seey prasaarit kii gaee haye aur anya sanskaranon aur leout mein atirikt yaa bhinn anshon key saath dikhaai dee haye. ise aamtaur parr "lambe samay taka bhunaane" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
halanki thompson ney likhaa kii riddy kaa yeh sanskaran apane mool roop mein thaa, yeh ghoshana kaee karanon seey vivaadit haye, lekin mukhya roop seey kavita kii bhasha una vikka avadhaaranaon koo sandarbhit karati haye joe unaki daadi key jivankal mein maujood naheen theen. kabhi-kabhi iska shreya khud thompson koo diyaa jaataa haye. mathison aur theatic ney nishkarsh nikala kii 18 seey 20 chhand aisee vidya hain joe 17veen seey 19veen shatabdi key nae ingland key graameen kshetra mein aam hongi aur kissy aise vyakti key haath seey sankalit kii gaee hain joe 19veen shatabdi key anta mein paida huaa hoga, aur cumm seey cumm chhah chhand jinhen "vikkan chhand" maanaa jaataa haye, unhein dusare aur baad mein sankalit aur jodaa gayaa thaa. choonki thompson 1969 key aspas seey inn 26 koo poore roop seey vitarit curr rahey they, yeh ack uchit dhaarana haye kii unakaa doosara haath thaa. ack anya daavaa yeh haye kii yeh jaadoo-toone anusandhaan sangh dwara praayojit ratribhoj mein dorin valient dwara diye gaye bhaashan seey anukoolit haye aur pentagram key khand ack (1964) mein ullekh kiya gayaa haye, joe taba prakaashit honey vaalaa ack united kingdam moortipoojak samachar patra haye. valient ney apani 1978 kii pustak, "cull key liye jaadoo" mein ack kavita "dha witches creed" prakaashit kii, jisamen kuchh samaan avadhaaranaaen hain.
riddy key saath detting.
king pausol, piyare luis key "less aventures doo roee pausol" (dha adventures off king pausol, 1901 mein prakaashit) mein ack charitra, ney isi tarah key aadeshon kii ack jodee jaari keeh "i. - koee aavaaz naheen. II. - kissy bhee tarah seey, kissy bhee tarah seey."(" apane padosi koo nuksan naa pahunchaaen; yeh baat achchi tarah seey samajhi jaa rahee haye, vahee karein joe aapako pasand hoe.") dha lema mein, ack samaan vakyansh," "vahee karo joe tum poore kaanoon key roop mein karna chaahte hoe", "1904 taka ellister crolle key karyon mein," "kaanoon kii pustak" "mein dikhaai detaa haye. halanki gardner ney raajaa possol key shabdon key saath riddy kii samaantaa koo nott kiya, silver revenwolf kaa maanana haye kii yeh adhik seedhe crolle kaa sandarbh haye.
donn fru key anusaar, valient ney iss jode kii rachana kii, maali key iss kathan key baad kii chudailon kaa jhukaav mahaan achche raajaa possol kii naitikta kii or haye, 'jaba taka aap kissy koo bhee nuksan naheen pahunchaate hain, taba taka vahee karein joe aapako pasand haye'; vaha aam dhaarana kaa daavaa kartaa haye kii joe bhunaaya gayaa thaa usey galat jaankaari dee gaee haye, aur isake parinamswarup aksar shabdon koo galat tareeke seey uddhrit kiya jaataa haye "yeh koee nuksan naheen kartaa haye, joe aap karenge vaha karein" key bajaay "joe aap karenge".
thomas key lambe samay taka apani daadi koo chhudaae jaane kaa shreya vivaadit rhaa haye, kyonki adriana porter kii mrityu 1946 mein hui thee, isase pahale kii gerald gardner ney "puraane kaanoon" prakaashit kiye they, aur porter key lekhak honey kaa koee saboot thompson key shabd key alawa maujood naheen haye. kavita una vikka avadhaaranaon koo sandarbhit karati haye joe, halanki jahir taur parr bahut purani hain, 1940 key dashak seey pahale kii saabit naheen hui hain. porter key liye iska shreya ack vanshaanugat chudail honey key thompson key daave kaa hissa hoe sakata haye. isaki sateek utpatti abhee taka nirdhaarit naheen kii gaee haye.
white dragon" patrika, 2003 mein likhe gaye ack lekh mein adrian bott kaa tark haye kii lambe samay taka riddy kii rachana koo 1964 aur 1975 key beach kaheen rakhaa jaa sakata haye. bott apane tark koo kavita mein pracheen angreji key kathit durupyog parr adharit kartaa haye, vishesh roop seey "" aur "key sankshipt roop key roop mein" "aur" key bajaay "" aap "key roop mein. bott kaa kahana haye kii kavita key lekhak spasht roop seey anjaan they kii "aur" kaa yeh sankuchan ack pracheen naheen haye, balki ack aadhunik parampara haye. bott key anusaar, mool roop seey valient dwara uddhrit "aathh shabdon" key jode mein, "ack" kaa upayog sahee dhang seey kiya jaataa haye, madhya angreji arth mein "'usa ghatana mein', yaa buss 'yadi' (jaisa kii shekspeare mein" ack thaa tuu merey bistar parr naheen aaya thaa ") aur iss prakaar koee apastrophy naheen haye. kavita mein, ise ack sankshipt "aur" mein badal diyaa gayaa haye aur ack apastrophy dee gaee haye, jisamen kavita kii pratyek "aur" atirikt panktiyon mein phir "ack" likhaa gayaa haye jaise kii mell khaane key liye. tadnusar, bott ney nishkarsh nikala kii kavita ack poorna vikka credo mein valient key dohe kaa vistaar karane kaa ack prayaas thaa, jise kissy aise vyakti dwara likhaa gayaa thaa jisane usa pracheen bhasha koo galat samajha thaa jise unhone anukaran karane kaa prayaas kiya thaa.
robert mathison "aap" parr bott kii apatti koo dohrate hain, lekin tark dete hain kii adhikansh anya archism kaa sahee upayog kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, way kahate hain kii way sabhi 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh key punarutthaanvaadi upayogon seey praapt hue hain. iss tathya key aadhar parr mathison ney nishkarsh nikala kii beesavin shatabdi kii shuruat mein kavita key cumm seey cumm hisse key lekhak honey kii sambhavana haye. unakaa tark haye kii angreji lokkathaon key sandarbh kulee key parivarik itihas key anuroop hain. unakaa asthaayi nishkarsh yeh haye kii kavita kaa ack lokkatha roop kulee dwara likhaa gayaa hoga, lekin ise vishesh roop seey vikkan samagri jodane key liye thompson dwara poorak aur parivartit kiya gayaa thaa. mathisen kaa yeh bhee vichaar haye kii antim pankti shayed valiant seey vyutpann ack thompson jodd thee. iss khaate key anusaar, paath kaa 1974 sanskaran, jise thompson key poorv deekshaon mein seey ack dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, pahale key masaudon mein seey ack kaa pratinidhitva curr sakata haye. isake prakaashan ney thompson koo prakaashit karane key liye prerit kiya joe usane-galat tareeke seey, mathisen key anusaar-daavaa kiya kii porter kii "mool" kavita thee.
vyaakhyaaen.
riddy sunhare niyam key parinami sutrikaran key samaan haye, ack aisaa vishvaas joe lagbhag harr dharm mein paaya jaataa haye. sabhi paaramparik vikkan muktidata kaa paalan naheen karate hain; kuchh maali (vikk key tahat ack sampradaay) naitikta key liye ack maargdarshak key roop mein devi key prabhaar kaa samarthan karate hain. isaki pankti "apane uchchatam aadarsh koo shuddh rakhein, isake liye hamesha prayaas karein; aapako kuchh bhee rokane yaa aapako ack taraf naheen modane dein, kyonki meraa gupt dwaar haye joe yuvaaon key darwaaje parr khulata haye" kaa upayog naitik duvidhaon key liye ack siddhant key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
nava-moortipoojak aur vikan samudaayon mein muktikaran key arth key baare mein kuchh bahas haye. bahas ack aagya naheen, balki riddy honey kii avadharana parr kendrit haye. vishisht updeshon aur aacharan key nishedhon kii asweekriti jaise kii yahudi-isai duss aagyaon mein diye gaye aur kissy key karyon key parinamon parr jore dene seey muktidata kaa charitra bibil yaa kurran jaise pramukh dhaarmik granthon seey kuchh alag hoe jaataa haye. riddy kewal ack dishanirdesh haye jisaki vyakhya vyakti koo pratyek vishesh sthiti key anuroop karni chaahiye aur adhikansh dharmon key vipareet, jinn karyon kii charcha riddy mein naheen kii jaati haye (aur joe naheen karate hain). vaastav mein kyaa nuksan kartaa haye aur kyaa naheen kartaa haye, isaliye yeh vyaktigat vyakhya key liye khula haye.
naitik parasparikta kii avadharana koo spasht roop seey naheen kahaa gayaa haye, lekin adhikansh vikka iss vishvaas mein sunhare niyam koo ingit karane key liye riddy kii vyakhya karate hain kii riddy kii bhavna sakriya roop seey apane saathi manushyon key saath-saath apane liye bhee achchha karna haye. vikkan key vibhinn sampradaay "koee naheen" koo alag-alag tareeke seey padhate hain. "koee bhee" kewal swayam parr lagu naheen hoe sakata haye, yaa isamen janwar aur/yaa paudhe shamil hoe sakate hain, aur isi tarah aage. sankshep mein, riddy koo poori tarah seey iss arth key roop mein samajha jaa sakata haye kii kissy koo saral ichchhaon koo praapt karane kii koshish karane key bajaay hamesha apani sachchi ichcha kaa paalan karna chaahiye aur yeh sunishchit karna chaahiye kii apani ichcha kaa paalan karane seey kissy koo yaa kissy bhee cheez koo nuksan naa pahunche. iss prakaash mein, riddy koo apane karyon key liye vyaktigat jimmedaari lene key liye ack vikain koo protsaahit karane key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye.

