
bhaaratiya raashtravaad

bhaaratiya raashtravaad kshetriya raashtravaad kaa ack udaaharan haye, joe apani vividh jaatiya, bhashai aur dhaarmik prishthabhoomi key bavjood bhaarat key sabhi logon koo shamil kartaa haye. bhaaratiya raashtravaad kii jadein poorv-aupaniveshik bhaarat mein paaee jaa sakati hain, lekin yeh poori tarah seey bhaaratiya swatantrata andolan key dauran vikasit huaa thaa, jisane british shasson seey swatantrata key liye abhiyaan chalaaya thaa. bhaaratiya raashtravaad inn ekjut upanivesh virodhi gathbandhanon aur andolanon key madhyam seey bhaarat mein teji seey lokpriya huaa. mahatma gaandhi aur jawaharlal nehru jaise swatantrata andolan key hastiyon ney bhaaratiya rashtravadi andolan kaa netritva kiya. bhaarat kii swatantrata key baad, nehru aur unake uttaradhikariyon ney chean aur pakistan donon key saath seema yuddhon key bavjood bhaaratiya raashtravaad parr abhiyaan jaari rakhaa. 1971 key bhaarat-pakistan yuddh aur bangladesh mukti yuddh key baad, bhaaratiya raashtravaad swatantrata key baad apane charam parr pahunch gayaa. haalaanki 1980 key dashak taka, dhaarmik tanaav ack pighalane key bindu parr pahunch gayaa aur bhaaratiya raashtravaad dheere-dheere dhwast hoe gayaa. isake patan aur dhaarmik raashtravaad key uday key bavjood; bhaaratiya raashtravaad aur isake aitihaasik aankade bhaarat kii rajneeti koo dridhata seey prabhaavit karate rahate hain aur hindu raashtravaad aur muslim raashtravaad key sampradayik strand key virodh koo darshaate hain.
bhaarat mein rashtriya chetna.
pracheen granthon mein samrat bhaarat aur akhand bhaarat key tahat bhaarat kaa ullekh haye, yeye kshetra motey taur parr aadhunik bhaarat key astitva kaa nirmaan karate hain. maurya samrajya ney sabse pahale poore bhaarat aur dakshin asia (afghanistan key kuchh hisson sahit) koo ekjut kiya. isake alawa, bhaarat kaa adhikansh hissa bhee gupt samrajya, rashtrakoot samrajya, paal samrajya, mugal samrajya, vijaynagar samrajya, maratha samrajya aadi jaise samrajyon dwara ack kendriya sarkaar key tahat ekikrit kiya gayaa haye.
akhil-dakshin asiaiwad kii avadharana.
bhaarat kii rashtratva kii avadharana kewal apani samprabhuta key kshetriya vistaar parr adharit naheen haye. rashtravadi bhaavanaaen aur abhivyakti bhaarat key pracheen itihas koo shamil karati hain, joe sindhu ghaati sabhyata key janmasthan key roop mein haye, saath hii saath chaar pramukh vishva dharm-hindu dharm, bauddh dharm, jaine dharm aur sikh dharm. bhaaratiya rashtravadiyon koo lagata haye kii bhaarat bhaaratiya upmahadweep mein inn rekhaaon key saath faila huaa haye.
yuddh aur aakraman kii umr.
bhaarat aaj videshi aakraman aur prabhutva kaa mukabala karane key liye kaee raajaon aur raniyon kaa jashn manaata haye, jaise kii maratha samrajya key shivaji, jhaansi kii raani lakshmibai, kittur chennamma, rajputana key maharana prataap, prithviraj chauhan aur tipu sultan. pracheen bhaarat key raajaon, jaise kii chandragupta maurya aur magadh samrajya key ashok koo bhee unaki sainya pratibha, ullekhaniya vijay aur ullekhaniya dhaarmik sahishnuta key liye yaad kiya jaataa haye.
akbar ack mugal samrat they, joe roman catholic church key saath-saath apani praja-hinduon, bauddhon, sikhon aur jainon key saath achche sambandh rakhane key liye jaane jaate they. unhone hindu rajput raajaon key saath parivarik aur raajneetik sambandh banaae. haalaanki pichhale sultan kamobesh sahishnu they, akbar ney dhaarmik mishran koo anveshan key nae star parr leey jaaya. unhone pahali baar islami bhaarat mein poorna dhaarmik swatantrata kaa vatavaran vikasit kiya. akbar ney dhaarmik bhedbhaav key adhikansh roopon koo aswikar curr diyaa, aur buddhiman hindu mantriyon aur raajaon aur yahaan taka kii dhaarmik vidvaanon koo bhee apane darbar mein bahas karane key liye aamantrit kiya.
aupaniveshik yug kaa raashtravaad.
18veen shatabdi key dauran bhaaratiya upmahadweep mein british east india company key shasson key samekan ney samajik-aarthik parivartan laae, jisake kaaran ack bhaaratiya madhyam varg kaa uday huaa aur poorv-aupaniveshik samajik-dhaarmik sansthanon aur baadhaon kaa lagaatar ksharan huaa. bhaaratiya vyavasaay-maalikon aur vyapariyon aur peshevar varg kii ubharati aarthik aur vittiya shakti ney unhein british adhikaariyon key saath sangharsh mein teji seey laa diyaa. mool bhaaratiya samajik abhijaat varg (vakeelon, doctors, vishvavidyalaya snatakon, sarkari adhikaariyon aur isi tarah key samoohon sahit) key beach badhati raajneetik chetna ney unnisvin shatabdi key antim dashakon mein bhaarat mein ack bhaaratiya pehchaan paida kii aur ack badhati rashtravadi bhavna koo poshit kiya. 1885 mein bhaarat mein bhaaratiya rashtriya congress kaa nirmaan raajneetik sudhaarak aeye.oh. humm ney ack mahatvapurna munch pradaan karke prakriya koo tej kiya jisase raajneetik udaarikaran, swaayatta badhaane aur samajik sudhaar kii maang kii jaa sakati thee. congress key netaaon ney apane raajneetik lakshyon koo praapt karane key liye raaj prashaasan key saath baatchit aur bahas kii vakaalat kii. inn madhyam aavaajon (yaa wafadaron) seey alag joe hinsa kaa prachaar yaa samarthan naheen karate they, rashtravadi andolan thaa, joe bangal aur panjab mein vishesh roop seey majboot, kattarpanthi aur hinsak huaa. ullekhaniya lekin chhote andolan maharashtra, madrason aur dakshin key anya kshetron mein bhee dikhaai diye.
"swadeshi.
1905 key vivadaspad bangal vibhajan ney badhati ashanti koo badhaa diyaa, kattarpanthi rashtravadi bhaavanaon koo uttejit kiya aur bhaaratiya krantikariyon key liye ack prerak shakti bunn gayaa.
gaandhi yug.
mohandas gaandhi ney ahinsa (ahinsa) aur savinay avagya key sakht paalan key saath "satyagrah" kii kalaa kaa beedaa uthaaya. isane aam logon koo hinsa yaa anya apriya sadhanon kaa upayog kiye binaa kranti mein angrejon koo shamil karane kii anumati dee. gaandhi kaa loktantra, dhaarmik aur jaatiya samaantaa aur bhaichare kaa samaan roop seey sakht paalan, saath hii saath jaati-adharit bhedbhaav aur asprishyata kii karyakarta asweekriti ney bhaarat key itihas mein pahali baar inn jansankhyikiya rekhaaon parr logon koo ekjut kiya. janata ney pahali baar bhaarat key swatantrata sangram mein bhaag liya aur 1930 key dashak taka congress kii sadasyata laakhon seey adhik hoe gaee. isake alawa, champaran aur khedaa satyagrah mein gaandhi kii jeet ney bhaaratiya rashtravadiyon kii ack badhati yuva peedhi koo vishvaas dilaaya kii bhaarat british shasson seey swatantrata praapt curr sakata haye. sardar vallabhbhai patel, jawaharlal nehru, maulana aazad, chakravati rajagopalachari, mohandas gaandhi, rajendra prasaad aur badshah khaan jaise rashtriya netaaon ney vibhinn kshetron aur jansankhyiki mein bhaartiyon kii peedhiyon koo ack saath laaya aur desh koo raajneetik disha dene key liye ack majboot netritva aadhar pradaan kiya.
sirf "bhaaratiya" seey adhik.
bhaaratiya raashtravaad rashtravadi bhaavanaon kaa utanaa hii vividh mishran haye jitna kii isake loga jaatiya aur dhaarmik roop seey vividh hain. iss prakaar sabse prabhaavshaali antahpravaah prakriti mein kewal "bhaaratiya" seey adhik hain. bhaaratiya raashtravaad key taane-baane mein sabse vivadaspad aur bhaavnaatmak roop seey aaveshit fiber dharm haye. dharm ack pramukh, aur kaee mamalon mein, bhaaratiya jeevan kaa kendriya tatva haye. bhaarat bhar mein jaatiya samudaay bhashavigyan, samajik paramparaon aur itihas key mamle mein vividh hain.
hindu rashtra.
bhaarat mein islami samrajyon key samay seey hindu chetna parr ack mahatvapurna prabhaav utpann hotaa haye. 20veen shatabdi mein pravesh karate hue, hinduon ney 75 pratishat seey adhik aabaadi kaa gathan kiya aur iss prakaar aashcharyajanak roop seey rashtravadi andolan kii reedh aur munch bunn gayaa. aadhunik hindu soch jaati, bhashai samoohon aur jaatiyata kii seemaon key paar hindu samaaj koo ekjut karane kii ichcha rakhti thee. 1925 mein, key.bee. hejwar ney nagpur, maharashtra mein rashtriya swayamsevak sangh kii sthaapana kii, joe desh key sabse badey nagrik sangathan aur hindu raashtravaad kaa sabse shaktishali, mukhyadhara kaa aadhar bunn gayaa.
vinaayak damodar sawarkar ney apani vichardhara key liye "hindutva" shabd gadhaa, jisamen bhaarat koo ack "hindu rashtra", ack hindu rashtra key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh vichardhara bhaaratiya janata party aur vishva hindu parishad jaise aadhunik hindu rashtravadi nikaayon key raajneetik aur dhaarmik agende kii adharshila bunn gaee haye. hindutva kii raajneetik maangon mein samvidhaan key anuchhed 370 koo nirast karna shamil haye joe kashmir key muslim bahul raajya koo ack vishesh ardh-swaayatt darja detaa haye, ack samaan nagrik sanhita koo apnana, iss prakaar desh mein vibhinn dharmon key liye ack vishesh kanuni dhaanche koo samaapt karna shamil haye. yeye vishesh maangen una kaanoonon koo samaapt karane parr adharit hain jinhen hindu rashtravadi vibhinn dharmon key liye vishesh vyavhaar maanate hain.
qaum.
1906-1907 mein, akhil bhaaratiya muslim leag kii sthaapana bhaaratiya rashtriya congress key saath muslim buddhijiviyon aur dhaarmik netaaon key sandeh key kaaran kii gaee thee, jise hindu sadasyata aur raay kaa prabhutva maanaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki, mahatma gaandhi key netritva ney swatantrata sangram aur congress party key liye musalmaanon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala koo aakarshit kiya. aligarh muslim vishvavidyalaya aur jamiya milia islamiya alag hain-poorv ney muslim leag banaane mein madad kii, jabaki jey. aim. aaee. kii sthaapana muslim shiksha aur rashtravadi aur gaandhi moolyon aur vichaaron parr chetna koo badhaava dene key liye kii gaee thee.
jabaki allama ikbal, muhammad allie jinna aur liyakat allie khaan jaise pramukh musalmaanon ney iss dhaarana koo apanaaya kii hindu aur musalman alag-alag rashtra they, mukhtar ahmed ansari, maulana aazad jaise anya pramukh netaaon aur adhikansh devbandi maulaviyon ney mahatma gaandhi key netritva aur bhaaratiya swatantrata sangram kaa dridhata seey samarthan kiya, joe muslim raashtravaad aur algavvad kii kissy bhee dhaarana kaa virodh karate they. bhaaratiya raashtravaad kaa muslim school muslim janata koo aakarshit karane mein whiffle rhaa aur islami rashtravadi muslim leag koo vyaapak lokpriya raajneetik samarthan praapt thaa. antatah bhaarat key vibhajan key baad pakistan raajya kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa.
bhaarat key vibhajan parr vichaar.
mohandas karamchand gaandhi aur jawaharlal nehru key netritva mein bhaaratiya rashtravadi usa samay key british bhaarat key saath-saath british sarvopari 562 riyasaton koo ack dharmnirpeksh, loktaantrik raajya banaana chaahte they. akhil bhaaratiya aazad muslim sammelan, joe rashtravadi musalmaanon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa, aprail 1940 mein dilli mein ack swatantra aur ekjut bhaarat key liye apane samarthan kii aavaaj uthaane key liye ikattha huaa. haalaanki, british raaj ney 'akhil bhaaratiya' sangathan koo swatantrata prakriya seey darkinar curr diyaa aur jinna koo bhaaratiya musalmaanon key ekmatra pratinidhi key roop mein dekhane aaya, jinhone algavvad kii vakaalat kii thee. jinna kii vichardhara koo hanikarak aur anaavashyak roop seey vibhajankari maanate hue kaee bhaaratiya rashtravadiyon ney ise nirasha key saath dekhaa.
leonard mosley key saath ack sakshatkar mein, nehru ney kahaa kii vaha aur unake saathi congressi swatantrata andolan key baad "thuck gaye they", isaliye jinna kii muslim leag key saath varshon taka iss mamle koo aur kheenchane key liye taiyar naheen they, aur vaise bhee, unhein ummeed thee kii vibhajan asthaayi hoga, kii pakistan hamaare paas vaapas aaa jaayega."gaandhi ney yeh bhee socha kii vibhajan koo poorvavat curr diyaa jaayega. akhil bhaaratiya congress samiti ney 14 juuna 1947 koo apanaae gaye ack prastaav mein khule taur parr kahaa kii "bhugol aur pahaadon aur samudron ney bhaarat koo vaisa hii banaaya jaisa vaha haye, aur koee bhee maanav agency usa aakar koo badal naheen sakati yaa usake antim bhaagya key raaste mein naheen aaa sakati... jaba vartamaan bhaavanaaen cumm hoe jaayengi, tou bhaarat kii samasyaon koo unake uchit pariprekshya mein dekhaa jaayega aur dou rashtron key jhoothe siddhant koo sabhi dwara badnam aur khariz curr diyaa jaayega."vee.pee. 1947 mein satta hastaantaran mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaane vaale menan ney ack anya pramukh congress netaa, abul kalaam aazad kaa hawala diyaa, jinhone kahaa kii vibhajan kewal desh key nakshe kaa haye aur logon key dilon mein naheen haye, aur mujhe yakeen haye kii yeh ack alpakaalik vibhajan honey jaa rhaa haye."vibhajan key dinon key dauran congress key adhyaksh aacharya kriplani ney kahaa kii bhaarat koo ack majboot, khushahal, loktaantrik aur samajwadi raajya banaana yeh sunishchit karega kii" aisaa bhaarat alag honey vaale bachchon koo apani god mein vaapas leey sakata haye... hamane joe swatantrata hassil kii haye, vaha bhaarat kii ekataa key binaa poori naheen hoe sakati."congress kii ack anya netaa, sarojini nayudu ney kahaa kii unhone bhaarat key dhwaj koo bhaarat kaa naheen maanaa kyonki" bhaarat vibhajit haye "aur" yeh kewal ack asthaayi bhaugolik algaav haye. bhaarat key dill mein algaav kii koee bhavna naheen haye."
paul brass ney ack adhik samanya mulyankan dete hue kahaa kii "samvidhaan sabhaa mein kaee vaktaaon ney vishvaas vyakt kiya kii bhaarat kii ekataa antatah bahaal hoe jaayegi."
raashtravaad aur rajneeti.
bhaarat kii sabse badee raajneetik party aur 45 varshon seey adhik samay taka sarkaar koo niyantrit karane vaali bhaaratiya rashtriya congress kii raajneetik pehchaan mohandas key key sambandh parr nirbhar haye. gaandhi aur jawaharlal nehru, aur nehru-gaandhi parivaar jisane swatantrata key baad seey congress koo niyantrit kiya haye. 1970 key dashak taka congress party kii kismat bhaarat key swatantrata andolan key pramukh key roop mein apani viraasat seey akele prerit thee, aur party kaa mukhya munch aaj usa ateet koo dridhata seey ujagar kartaa haye, joe khud koo bhaarat kii swatantrata, loktantra aur ekataa kaa sanrakshak maanata haye.
musalman lambe samay taka congress party key wafadar matadaata baney rahey they, kyonki congress party ney musalman samudaay key hiton kii raksha kii, jaise kii salman rashdi key shaitan key chhandon parr pratibandh lagaana. aur teen talaak kii asamvaidhaanik pratha koo jaari rakhane kii anumati dee. haal hii mein, musalmaanon ney aam aadami party (aap) aur aul india majlis-aeye-ittehadul muslimeen (aeye. aim. aaee. aim.) jaise anya dalon key paksh mein congress party koo chhodana shuru curr diyaa haye. isake vipareet, bhaaratiya janata party adhik aakramak rashtravadi abhivyakti kaa upayog karati haye. bee. jey. pee. bahusankhyak aabaadi, hinduon kii sanskriti koo sanrakshit aur failana chaahata haye. yeh raashtravaad koo bhaarat kii seemaon kii raksha aur kattar pratidvandi chean aur pakistan key khilaf hiton key saath jodata haye, jisamen bahumat key adhikaar kii raksha hoti haye.
dhaarmik rashtravadi dalon mein shiromani akali dall shamil haye, jisaki panjab mein sikh bahul raajya key nirmaan key saath nikatata seey pehchaan kii gaee haye aur isake sangathan mein kaee sikh dhaarmik netaa shamil hain. maharashtra mein, shiv senaa samarthan koo bhadkane key liye shivaji jaisi prasiddh hastiyon key tahat swatantra maratha raajya kii viraasat kaa upayog karati haye, aur hindutva koo bhee apanaaya haye. asam mein, asam gann parishad ack adhik raajya-kendrit party haye, joe asam (ulfa) key sanyukt mukti morche kii hatasha key baad asamiya raashtravaad kii ack paropkari abhivyakti key roop mein utpann hoti haye. tamilanadu mein iss tarah key dalon mein seey pahala, dravidar kajhgam (dee. key.) aaya. aaj dee. key. kaa arth haye dall-jodon kaa ack sangrah, jisamen draveed munetra kajgam (dee. aim. key.), akhil bhaaratiya ann draveed munetra kajgam (aeye. aaee. dee. aim. key.), pattali makkal kachchi (pee. aim. key.) aur marumalarchi draveed munetra kajgam (aim. dee. aim. key.) shamil hain. jaati-adharit rajneeti bahujan samaaj party aur lalu prasaad yadav kii party kii bhagidari koo aamantrit karati haye, joe uttar mein garib nimn jaati aur dalit hinduon key samarthan parr nirmaan karate hain, aur bhaarat key sabse adhik aabaadi vaale raajyon jaise uttar pradesh aur bihaar. lagbhag harr bhaaratiya raajya mein ack kshetriya dall haye joe poori tarah seey usa raajya key mool nivaasiyon kii sanskriti key prati samarpit haye.