
karkota rajvansh

karkota rajvansh (see. 625-855 esvi) ney 7veen aur 8veen shatabdi key dauran kashmir ghaati aur bhaaratiya upmahadweep key kuchh uttari hisson parr shasson kiya. unake shasson ney raajneetik vistaar, aarthik samriddhi aur sanskriti aur chhatravritti key kendra key roop mein kashmir key uday kii avadhi dekhi.
karkota shasakon ney apane raajya mein vishnu key liye kaee mandiron kaa nirmaan kiya. haalaanki unhone bauddh dharm koo bhee apane adheen phalane-phoolane diyaa. stoop, chaitya aur vihaar unaki rajdhani key khandharon mein paae jaa sakate hain. anantnag jile mein martand soorya mandir lalitaditya dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh bhaarat kaa sabse purana gyaat soorya mandir haye aur usa samay key sabse badey mandir parisaron mein seey ack thaa.
avanti verman 855 mein kashmir key simhaasan parr baithe, utpal rajvansh kii sthaapana kii aur karkota rajvansh key shasson koo samaapt kiya.
srot.
saahitya.
neelmata puraan, joe maanaa jaataa haye kii rajvansh key pahale shaasak durlabhavardhan dwara commission kiya gayaa thaa, samkaaleen mamalon parr jaankaari pradaan kartaa haye. haalaanki, naa kewal yeh kii puraan koo apani bhaugolik visheshtaon key liye brahmin divyata koo jimmedaar thaharaate hue upa-mahadvipiya brahmand mein sabse pavitra sthaan mein seey ack key roop mein kashmir key punarnirmaan key liye likhaa gayaa thaa aur phir, durlabhavardhan koo isake sahee raajaa key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, balki yeh bhee kii 10 veen shatabdi key anta mein antarveshan hue hain, paath koo vastunishth itihas key roop mein naheen maanaa jaa sakata haye. vishnudharmottar puraan ack anya sthaaniya aur samkaaleen srot haye; isane karkota rajneeti mein isi tarah kii bhoomika nibhai.
anya sroton mein bauddh teerthyatriyon kii ack bheed kaa itihas shamil haye-juanzang (631-633 aprail), yijing (673-685), wukong, haicho aur anya-jinhone rajvansh key dauran kashmir kaa daura kiya thaa. jayapid key ack darbari kavi dwara likhit kuttanimata, kamukta parr ack upadeshaatmak kaary thaa, lekin samkaaleen kashmiri jeevan kaa ack jeevant vivaran detaa thaa.
rajtarangini.
kalhan dwara 11veen shatabdi mein kiye gaye ack kaary 'rajtarangini' kaa uddeshya pracheen kaal seey kashmir key itihas kii ruprekha taiyar karna thaa, aur isamen karkota rajvansh kii gaharaai seey charcha kii gaee thee. kalhan vibhinn prakaar kii samagri parr nirbhar thaa jisamen pahale key aitihaasik kaary, vanshavali, shilalekh, sikke aur puraan shamil they. iss kriti koo itihas kii paschimi dhaaranaon seey milati-julati sanskrit mein ekmatra poorv-aadhunik kriti honey kii vivaadit pratishtha praapt haye; haalaanki, isaki aitihaasik sateekta vivaadit haye-zutshi aur anya vidvaanon koo yeh kavita "pauranik, raajneetik, samajik, aadhyatmik aur bhaugolik" aakhyanon kaa mishran lagati haye, jiska uddeshya kashmir koo ack aadarsh naitik sthaan key roop mein paribhaashit karna haye.
phir bhee, chauthi pustak key baad seey aitihaasik sateekta mein bhaari vriddhi hoti haye, jisamen karkota rajvansh aur rajtarangini key varnan kaa upayog kashmir key itihas key punarnirmaan key liye kiya gayaa haye. michael witzell ney chauthi pustak koo apane kalakram mein (dinn-pratidin) sateek honey key liye nott kiya haye kii yeh samkaaleen cheeni sroton key saath poori tarah seey sanrekhit hoti haye; haalaanki poore rajvansh mein + 25 varshon kaa sudhaar pesh karane kii aavashyakta haye.
sikke.
muktapida (aur jayapeeda) taka sabhi pramukh shasakon dwara jaari kiye gaye sikke khudai mein nikaale gaye they; inn sikkon koo hamesha peechhe kii or kidra key naam seey ankit kiya jaataa thaa.
sthaapana.
vidvaanon ney karkoton kii sthaapana key vishishtataon parr asahamati jataai, halanki yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii unaki sthaapana ney kashmir key kshetra mein hoonon key shasson kaa paalan kiya.
kalhan kii teesari pustak mein ack gonanda rajvansh (ii) kaa ullekh haye, jisane lagbhag 590 varshon taka karkoton kii sthaapana taka shasson kiya; sikkon aur shilalekhon key saath cross-waiting parr, inmein seey kuchh shasakon key naam alchon huns key saath mell khaate hain, jinhone saikadon varshon baad shasson kiya. pahali teen pustakon mein, kalhan kaee naamon mein ferbadal kartaa haye, ack hii kahani koo phir seey prastut kartaa haye, asamanya roop seey lambe shasankal koo nirdhaarit kartaa haye, aur kuchh shasakon koo ateet mein doorbeen kartaa haye. durlabhavardhan-karkoton key sansthaapak-koo gonanda rajvansh (ii) key antim shaasak baladitya key adheen maanaa jaataa thaa. baladitya kaa koee purush uttaradhikari naheen thaa, balki ack betty angalekha thee aur vaha naheen chaahata thaa kii usake kshetra parr sasural vaalon kaa kabja hoe. aisee sambhavana koo taalane key liye unhone usaki shaadi durlabhavardhan seey karaai thee, joe ack nimn jaati seey thaa. haalaanki, baladitya kii mrityu key baad, durlabhavardhan ack mantri kii madad seey simhaasan parr baithaa, aur pauranik naag raajaa karkotak key vansh kaa daavaa karate hue, karkot rajvansh kii sthaapana kii. witzell iss drishtikon koo sweekaar karate prateet hotey hain.
atreyi biswas halanki karkota rajvansh kii sthaapana key iss shaabdik varnan koo kaalpanik key roop mein khariz karate hain. rajtarangini" key aalochanatmak adhyayan mein, aur mudrashastriya key saath-saath saahityik sroton koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue, gonanda shasakon kii tithiyon koo samaayojit kiya jaataa haye aur biswas koo yeh lagata haye kii karkota rajvansh kaa pahala shaasak durlabhaka pratapaditya thaa, jisane kashmir key antim alchon hansh shaasak yudhishthir koo haraane key baad simhaasan kaa daavaa kiya thaa. unake pitaa durlabhavardhan usa samay key hoona shaasak narendraditya khinkhila key adheen ack adheenasth raajaa hotey. baladitya aur gonanda rajvansh key unake tatkaal poorvavartiyon kaa kabhi bhee astitva naheen rhaa hoga yaa way karkoton key adheen adheenasth raajaa they. ahmed hassan daani apane ack kaary mein unaki vyakhya kaa anusaran karate hain. haalaanki, gudrun melzer ney nott kiya kii biswas ney dou german itihaskaron (hambach aur gobal) dwara prastaavit ack alag kalakram koo dhyaan mein naheen rakhaa, jise taba seey hoona adhyayanon mein pramukhta millie haye; vidvaanon ney narendraditya khinkhila parr unaki detting aur tippani parr vivaad kiya haye.
niyam.
durlabhavardhan.
kalhan 625 seey laker aaee. dee. 1 taka chhattis varshon kaa shasson kaal nirdhaarit kartaa haye. usey prajnaditya key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa aur usane brahmanon koo kaee gaanv ("agrahaar") upahaar mein diye they. rajtarangini ney apane shasankal key dauran koee sainya gatividhi darj naheen kii; yeh maanate hue kii juanjang ney apane shasankal key dauran dou baar kashmir kaa daura kiya thaa, durlabhavardhan ney aadhunik kashmir, panjab aur khaibar pakhtunkhwa sahit kshetron key vishal hisse koo niyantrit kiya.
durlabhak.
kalhan key anusaar, angalekha ney usey "dauhitra" ghoshit curr diyaa thaa aur durlabhaka apane naana key upnaam koo apanaate hue pratapaditya key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. durlabhak koo 50 varsh (662−712) kaa ack raaj avadhi dee gaee haye. unakaa ack bhaai malhan thaa. durlabhak ney narendraprabha seey shaadi kii, jinaki shaadi pahale kashmir key baahar key ack ameer vyaapaari nona seey hui thee. unake teen bete they-chandrapeed, tarapeed aur lalitaditya-ayu key avrohi crum mein.
durlabhak key shasankal mein padosi raajyon key saath vyaapaar sambandh badhe aur shaastriya karkota shally kii murtikala kaa vikas huaa. kalhan ney unhein prabhaavshaali sainya kaushal key liye darj kiya haye. kaee "agrahaar" unake mantri uda (varr) key putra hanumant dwara sthaapit kiye gaye they. oda, aidaa).
nirdayi.
candrapida ney 712/13 −720 seey shasson kiya aur vajraditya naam dhaaran kiya. anyatha unhein "jhentuoluobili" naam seey "tangshu" seey jaanaa jaataa haye. kalhan shaasak kii ack paropkari aur gunee chhavi koo chitrit kartaa haye-dou kahaaniyan ack hii prabhaav mein sunai gaee hain. jayant bhatt key pardada shaktiswamin unake mantriyon mein seey ack they.
713 mein, taang key samrat juanjong koo candrapida seey arab akramanon key khilaf sahaayata kaa anurodh karate hue ack dutawas praapt huaa. candrapida koo koee madad naheen millie, lekin phir bhee, vaha apane kshetra kii raksha karane mein kamyab rhaa. 720 mein, juanjong ney unhein "kashmir key raajaa" kii upaadhi dene key liye ack doot bheja. inn rajanyik adaan-pradanon key kaaran 722 mein, tibbat key khilaf tangon key vijayi honey key baad, tangon aur karakota key beach ack shaahi gathbandhan kaa gathan huaa, cheeni adalat gilgit mein tainaat apane sainikon koo paryaapt bhojan pradaan karane key liye kashmir koo shreya detee haye.
kalhan ney usey apane bhaai, tarapida dwara hatyaa kiye jaane key baare mein bataaya, jisane iss uddeshya key liye ack brahmin kii bharti kii thee.
tarapida.
rajtarangini mein unake shasson key baare mein bahut cumm ullekh kiya gayaa haye sivaay isake kii way atyachari they aur brahmanon parr atyachar karate they. unhone udayaditya naam dhaaran kiya, aur chaar saal baad unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee; brahmanon dwara jaadoo-kalaa kii pratha koo kaaran maanaa jaataa haye.
octuber-navambar 724 mein, cheeni itihas mein kashmir mein dalbadal kii maang karane vaale ack dukhi jincheng kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye; taba key raajaa (anaam) ney spasht roop seey sahamati vyakt kii aur tibbati sainikon koo door karane key liye jabulistan seey sainya sahaayata kaa aagrah kiya. tansen saine ney iss raajaa koo tarapida bataaya haye; haalaanki anya vidvaanon ney unaki pehchaan candrapida key saath kii haye.
lalitaditya.
ack vishva vijeta, lalitaditya muktapida (724/725 − 760/761) koo kalhan dwara bhaarat, afghanistan aur madhya asia key pramukh hisson mein vyaapak vijay kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye; kahaa jaataa haye kii unhone kannauj jeetkar yashovarman koo bhee vash mein curr liya thaa. lalitaditya key baad kalhan lagbhag chaar shataabdiyon taka jeevit rhaa aur taba taka lokpriya kalpana ney lalitaditya kii uplabdhiyon koo sushobhit curr diyaa thaa. ack shatabdi pahale, all-biruni ney lalitaditya key smaran mein ack vaarshik utsav manaane key liye kashmiriyon kaa ullekh kiya, jinhone "turkon koo haraaya aur duniya parr shasson kiya. lalitaditya koo "tangshu" seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. 
stein ney lalitaditya kii vijay key baare mein kalhan key varnan koo "pauranik kathaa" key roop mein khariz curr diyaa thaa aur kashmir key baahar key kshetron key baare mein unaki agyaantaa koo nott kiya thaa. haalaanki, herman goetz ney kalhana key daavon key saath bahut cumm galat paaya aur unhein "aitihaasik tathya" key roop mein sweekaar kiya; goetz kii sweekriti taba seey andrey winks aur ronald indon jaise kaee vidvaanon key kaam mein pravesh curr gaee haye. saine, kalhan key khaate kii tulanaa samkaaleen cheeni aur tibbati sroton key saath karate hain, jisamen aadhikarik itihas, sikke aur teerth-kalakram shamil hain, way stein seey sahmat hain.
unake samay key dauran abhinavgupta key poorvajon sahit kaee brahmin pravasiyon koo kashmir laaya gayaa thaa. unake shasankal key dauran ack shandar bauddhik aur kalaatmak sanskriti kaa vikas huaa.
kuvalayapida.
lalitaditya key putra aur unaki pahali raani kamaladevi, unake dedh maheene key chhote shasson mein unake aur unake sautele bhaai key beach uttaradhikar sangharsh huaa. unake shasankal kii pushti karane key liye rajtarangini key alawa koee anya saboot maujood naheen haye. kalhan ney unhein ack gunee shaasak maanaa. apane mantri dwara vishvaasghaat key adheen honey key baad, kuvalayapida ney bhautik laabh kii moorkhata kaa ehsas kiya, simhaasan tyag diyaa, aur ack pavitra jangal mein peechhe hutt gaye jahan unhone "siddhi" praapt kii.
vajraditya.
lalitaditya aur unaki doosari raani chakramardika key putra, unhein bappiyaka key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa. unake shasankal kii pushti karane key liye rajtarangini key alawa koee anya saboot maujood naheen haye. kalhan ney apane shasson key saat varshon koo kroor bataaya. 
vajraditya key shasankal mein sindh key rajyapal dwara ack safal chhaapa maaraa gayaa aur daas vyaapaar kii shuruat hui. unaki kaee rakhailiyaan theen aur cumm seey cumm chaar patniyaan meghawali, amritprabha, manjarika aur mamma theen; unake chaar bete tribhuvanpida (meghabali seey), jayapida (amritprabha seey), prathampida (manjarika seey) aur samagrampida (mamma seey) they.
prathampida I.
kalhan key anusaar, unhone chaar saal aur ack maheene kii avadhi taka shasson kiya. unhein sangrampida pratham dwara ukhaad fenka gayaa, jinhone saat dinon taka shasson kiya. sabse badey honey key bavjood, tribhuvanpeed ney simhaasan tyag diyaa thaa.
kalhan ney kissy bhee atirikt vivaran parr dhyaan naheen diyaa sivaay isake kii unamen seey kissy koo bhee shaahi shakti key upayog key yogya naheen paaya jaae, aur stein dohrata haye kii inn shasakon kaa koee anya saboot naheen milaa haye.
jayapida.
jayapida ney 31 varshon taka shasson kiya aur pratidvandi muktapida key liye ack spasht bolly mein door key kshetron mein kaee vijayon mein bhaag liya; haalaanki, kalhan kii kathaa koo atyadhik atiranjit maanaa jaataa haye aur ack vishal bhaugolik kshetra seey anya pushti sroton key abhaav mein, chhaapon aur anya ghatnaaon kii pramanikta vivaadit honey chaahiye. unhein vinayaditya key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa.
jayapida key shasankal key dauran sindhu aur dravida kshetron key brahmin apravasi kashmir mein buss gaye they; kshemendra key pardada narendra unake darbar mein mantri they. jayapida ney koochbihar key raajaa jayant kii betty kalyandevi seey vivaah kiya, jabaki vaha ack vijay mein door thee. kashmir lautate hue, unhone apane behnoi jajja koo simhaasan parr kabja karane key liye paaya, lekin unhein haraane key liye aage badhe.
kalhan ney apane baad key varshon koo atyachari bataaya jaba jayapida ney "agraharon" koo radd karane kii (asafal) koshish kii aur brahmanon parr ack kroor karadhan vyavastha lagu kii, jisase unhein palayan karane key liye majboor honah padaa; unhein ack brahmin dwara maut kaa shaap diyaa gayaa thaa. jayapeed key dou bete they-lalitpeed (durga seey) aur sangrampeed dwiteeya (kalyandevi seey).
lalitapida.
kalahan lalitapid koo ack laparwah asadharan shaasak key roop mein ninda kartaa haye, jiska darbar darbari/rakhail aur majakia logon seey bharaa huaa thaa, aur shiksha koo koee sanrakshan pradaan naheen kartaa thaa. unhone baarah saal taka shasson kiya aur "agrahaar" daan kiye they.
unaki rakhail jaydevi seey unakaa ack betaa sipatjayapida thaa, joe ack aatma aasavan kii betty thee.
samagrampida II.
lalitapida key baad unake sautele bhaai sangrampida dwiteeya ney raajya sambhala, jinhen prathampeeda dwiteeya key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. unakaa cumm seey cumm ack betaa thaa-anangipida aur unhone saat saal taka shasson kiya; kalhan ney koee atirikt vivaran naheen likhaa.
siptajayapida.
siptajayapida (varr. brihaspati) koo 837/8 mein taaj pahanaaya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, unaki cumm umr key kaaran, vaastavik shakti jaydev key paanch bhaaiyon-padm, utpal, kalyan, mamma aur dharm mein nihit thee-joe jaydev key aadeshon kaa paalan karate they lekin phir bhee mamalon key teevra kuprabandhan mein lagey hue they.
vighatan.
lagbhag 840 mein baarah varshon taka shasson karane key baad, sipatjayapida kii hatyaa key baad, bhaaiyon ney kaafee shakti praapt kii, lekin samrajya parr poorna niyantran banaae rakhane key liye ack-dusare seey ladey, jabaki karkota vansh seey sambandhit kathputali raajaon koo sthaapit kiya.
tribhuvanpeed key putra, ajitapeed koo sipatjaypeed kii mrityu key turant baad utpal dwara naamit kiya gayaa thaa. kuchh varshon key baad, mamma ney utpal key khilaf ack safal ladaai ladee, aur anangipida sthaapit kiya. teen saal baad, utpal key bete sukhavarman ney safaltapurvak vidroh kiya aur ajitapeed key bete utpalpeed koo sthaapit kiya. unake shasson key tahat, vyapariyon ney kshetra kii chaukiyon parr swatantrata kii ghoshana kii. kuchh varshon key bheetar, sukhvarman apane liye simhaasan grahan karane key liye nickle padaa, lekin ack rishtedaar dwara usaki hatyaa curr dee gaee; anta mein, usake bete avantivarman ney utpalpida koo padchyut curr diyaa aur simhaasan parr kabja curr liya. 855 mantri suur kii madad seey, iss prakaar utpal rajvansh kii sthaapana hui.
samaaj.
kuttanimat key padhane parr, samaaj asman prateet hotaa haye aur vyaapaari samudaayon kaa prabhutva haye. abhijaat varg key beach bhautikvaad prachalit thaa, aur veshyavritti koo raajya kaa sanrakshan milaa. satee key saath-saath devdasi pranali bhee prachalit thee. rajvansh (cumm seey cumm, pahale key shasakon) ney ghaati mein bauddh prabhaav kii ack lambi avadhi key baad hindu dharm koo bahaal karane kii maang kii thee; haalaanki ack samanvayaatmak vatavaran panpa.
shikaar riyasat varg key liye ack lokpriya khel thaa. cinemagharon kaa ayojan aksar kiya jaataa thaa aur iss uddeshya key liye holl they; ratnavali ack lokpriya naatak key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
arthavyavastha.
dhaatu key sikkon key saath-saath kauri key gole kaa upayog mudra key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. raajya vibhinn prakaar key karon-seema shulk, veshyavritti shulk, bajar curr aadi ekatra kartaa thaa.- bhrashtachar vyaapt thaa aur damodargupta aksar khudai karate hain.
kalaa aur vastukala.
saahitya.
maanaa jaataa haye kii neelmata puraan durlabhavardhan dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. vishnudharmottar puraan, lagbhag usee samay banaaya gayaa thaa. kalaa key prasiddh sanrakshak, lalitaditya ney videshon seey vidvaanon koo apane darbar mein aamantrit kiya aur dharmon key adhyayan koo badhaava diyaa.
kalahan ney jayapida koo kalaa kaa ack udaar sanrakshak bataaya aur yahaan taka kii videshon seey vidvaanon koo bhee aamantrit kiya; yigal bronner ney apane darbar koo kashmiri kavitaon mein ack safalata key kshan kii shuruat karane key liye nott kiya. daniel ingles likhate hain kii jayapad kaa darbar "kashmir mein saahityik aalochana key school" key janm key liye jimmedaar thaa. unake karyalaya mein dou saahityik siddhantkar sthaapit kiye gaye theh waman ack mantri key roop mein aur udbhatt mukhya vidwan key roop mein. udbhaataa ney chaar kritiyaan likhin-kumarsambhav, shiv aur paarvati key vivaah key vishay parr ack kavita; kavyamkramagrah, bhimaha key kavyamkra parr ack chhoti tippani; natyashastra parr ack aur (abb-khoya huaa) tippani; aur bhimaha parr ack jyaadaatar-khoya huaa lekin vyaapak vivara-samkaaleen manakon dwara saahitya key utpaadan kii ack abhootpoorv matra key roop mein kyaa branner nott kartaa haye. waman ney sootra granthon kii rachana kii. donon kaa uddeshya saahityik vidvaanon key darshakon koo aakarshit karna aur kavita key siddhant, abhyaas aur shabdarth sambandhi gyaan aadi kaa upayog karate hue mimansa aadi key upkaranon kaa upayog karate hue aalochanatmak charchaon mein (pahali baar) sanlagn honah; kavita kaa ack bhavya brahmand, saundaryashastra key kaee tatvon koo kathor roop seey siddhaantit karna, unake dayare aur antar-sambandh koo banaane kii maang kii gaee thee. kuttanimat damodargupta dwara apane darbar mein likhaa gayaa thaa. anya prasiddh hastiyon mein vyaakaranvaadi kshatra, kavi manorath, shankhadatt, katak aur sandhimaat aur ack bauddh daarshanik dharmotara they.
ratnakar ney sipatjaypid key sanrakshan mein harvijay likhaa; pachas khandon aur 4351 shlokon mein, yeh sabse badaa jeevit mahakavya haye aur shiv dwara aandhak kii haar parr adharit haye.
murtikala.
karkota rajvansh key dauran murtikala kaa prasaar huaa, aur kaee kansya key rajtarangini nott. lalitaditya ney vibhinn dharmon key mandiron aur mathon key liye kaee soney aur chaandi kii chhaviyon koo sthaapit kiya, aur unaki avadhi koo kashmiri murtikala kaa shikhar maanaa jaataa haye.
samkaaleen terracotta kaary (aamtaur parr, chehare) sthit hain. durlabhak koo samarpit patthar kii moortiyon kii khudai kii gaee haye.
mandir aur shahar.
durlabhavardhan ney srinagar mein bhagwan vishnu koo samarpit ack mandir kaa nirmaan kiya jiska naam "durlabhavaswamy" thaa; unaki patni ney ack bauddh mathh-anangabhavan kaa nirmaan kiya thaa. unhone sarnath, nalanda aadi seey gupt-pashchaat key rujhaanon koo udhaar laker kashmir mein vastukala kii ack alag shally bhee pesh kii. durlabhak ney pratappura shahar (vartamaan mein baramula aur srinagar key beach tapa) aur malhanaswamy key mandir kii sthaapana kii; unaki patni ney narendreshwar mandir kii sthaapana kii thee.
candrapica mein kaee vishnu mandir sthaapit they. jayapida ney bauddh vihaaron kii sthaapana kii aur kaee buddh moortiyon kaa nirmaan shuru kiya; unhone jaipura (vartamaan aur arth) mein ack nayaa rajdhani shahar bhee sthaapit kiya. lalitaditya ney kashmir mein kaee mandiron kaa nirmaan kiya, jinamen abb barbad hoe chuke martand soorya mandir aur kaee bauddh sanrachanaaen shamil hain. unhone parihaspura mein ack naee rajdhani sahit kaee shaharon kii sthaapana kii.
paanch bhaaiyon ney sipatjaypid key shasson key dauran ack shiv mandir-jayeshwar kii sthaapana kii thee. satta mein aaney key baad, unhone kaee shaharon aur mandiron-utpalaswamy, padmaswamy, dharmaswamy, kalyanaswamy, mamaswamy, utpalpura, padmapura aadi kaa nirmaan shuru kiya. padma kii patni ney dou mathh banaae.

