
stadio dei mermi

stadio dei mermi ("sangamarmar kaa stadium") vishal khel parisar key chaar stadiums mein seey ack haye, jiska naam shuru mein phoe italico rakhaa gayaa thaa. anya stadium stadio olympic, stadio dell tennis romano aur stadio olympic dell nuoto hain. ise 1920 key dashak mein shaaririk shiksha kii sanlagn fasiwadi akadami (abb coney, italvi olympic samiti kii seat) key poorak key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa, jiska upayog isake chhatron dwara prashikshan key liye kiya jaataa thaa. stadio dei marmi pahali baar 1932 mein, rome parr march kii 10 veen varshgaanth parr, roman pados monte mario key paas, fasiwadi shaasak benito musolini key tahat vastukar enrico dell debio dwara khola gayaa thaa. stadio dei mermi koo kairara sangamarmar seey bunny khilaadiyon kii saath, 4 meater lambi shaastriya moortiyon seey gher liya gayaa haye. stadium kaa nirmaan fasiwadi uplabdhiyon aur itali kii rashtriya fasiwadi party key yuva andolan gioventu dell littorio kaa jashn manaane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. apane bees saal key shasankal mein, fasiwadi shasson ney nagrik yoddhaon koo banaane key lakshya key saath naee fasiwadi paramparaon, aadarshon, reeti-rivaajon aur moolyon koo pesh karane aur sthaapit karane key liye khelon kaa upayog kiya. stadio dei mermi kaa upayog 1960 key grishmakaaleen olympic key liye kuchh feeled hockey praarambhik khelon kii mejbani key liye kiya gayaa thaa aur 2009 kii vishva jaleey championship key liye udghaatan samaroh kii bhee mejbani kii gaee thee.
itihas.
shuru mein, fasiwadi andolan ney apani raajneetik aur aarthik vichardharaon koo badhaava dene key liye khelon kaa upayog karane kii kshamata dekhi. rome parr march key turant baad, fasiwadi shasson ney badey paimaane parr khel akhaadon, imaraton aur sansthanon mein nivesh kiya, jaise kii stadio dei mermi, jisane samaaj key sabhi vargon key liye khelon koo sulabh banaa diyaa. khelon key madhyam seey, fasiwadi sansthanon ney fasiwadi moolyon parr jore diyaa aur unhein badhaava diyaa, jisase ack rashtriya pehchaan vikasit hui. sabse prachalit aur moolyavaan khelon mein mukkebaji, greco-roman kushti, aur bhaala fenk, hathauda yaa patthar fenkane jaise ladaakoo khel shamil they. shaaririk shiksha aur khel key madhyam seey, fasiwadi sarkaar kaa uddeshya peshevar milicia aur yoddhaon koo banaana thaa, joe aasaani seey yuddh mein pravesh curr sakate they. musolini ney 1928 mein kendriya khel shahar key roop mein foro italico kaa nirmaan shuru kiya aur 1932 mein, unhone pahale purush athletic sansthaan key roop mein instituto superior fascista dye ezukazione (shaaririk shiksha key liye fasiwadi sansthaan) khola. fasiwadi shasson ney purush shaaririk shiksha parr joe mahatva diyaa, vaha aadarsh fasiwadi nagrik kii visheshtaon key saath-saath italvi sanskriti key bheetar kathor ling dwaiti koo bhee ujagar kartaa haye. isake anaavaran key baad, stadio dei mermi itali kii rashtriya fasiwadi party key yuva andolan geoventu italiana littorio key liye pramukh shaaririk shiksha prashikshan kendra bunn gayaa. itihaaskaar eden key key anusaar, fasiwadi kaal key dauran, stadio aur parisar rashtra kaa athletickwad kaa kendra bunn gayaa aur 1940 mein itali key yuddh mein shamil honey taka teji seey prasiddh hoe gayaa. spasht", "musolini munch koo ateet, vartamaan aur daud key bhavishya key baare mein ack italvi-fasiwadi samvedansheelta dwara ekjut shikshakon aur raajneetik netaaon koo taiyar karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa."
moortiyaan aur vastukala.
stadium mein bajane vaali saath oonchi karara sangamarmar kii athletic moortiyon koo italvi praanton dwara upahaar mein diyaa gayaa thaa aur pracheen cardinal roman moolyon koo moort roop diyaa gayaa thaah virilitas, fortitudo, anushasana aur gurutva (veerata, dhairya, anushasana aur garima). unhein chaubis murtikaaron dwara design aur nirmit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen ack pratiyogita key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa, aur isamen nikola dee 'antino, aldo batini, sylvio kainevari, carlo dee veroli, publio morbiducci, eugenio baroni, arnolfo bellini, franco messina aur roman romani jaise kalakar shamil they. moortikaar shaastriya roopon aur tatvon kaa paalan karate they, jaba way yunani aur roman moortiyon kaa upayog model key roop mein karate they, jaise kii polyclitos key doriforos aur myron key discobolus, joe stadium kii saade safed sangamarmar kii vastukala key khilaf khade they. fasiwadi shasson key tahat nirmit moortiyaan, smaarak aur vastukala pracheen roman aur aadhunik tatvon kaa mishran they. vastukar enrico dell debio key anusaar, khel parisar koo "gambhir smaarak key vaastushilp parisar" key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa... iska parinam ack smaarak samooh kaa udbhav haye, jiska pataa pracheen rome key sabse badey smarakon seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye."stadio dei mermi kii prabhaavshaali moortiyaan pracheen roman foro imperial seey milati-julati hain. yeye moortiyaan, jinamen shaastriya tatva shamil they, musolini koo mahimamandit karane key liye kaam karati theen, taaki unhein roman samrat augustus key barabar kiya jaa sakey aur faasivaad koo yaad kiya jaa sakey. "rome key spasht sandarbhon, joe kii fasiwadi pracharakon kaa daavaa karate hain, ney foro musolini koo 'bhoomadhyasagariya aatma aur lattin duniya kaa sabse achchha jeevant avtaar banaa diyaa.'" 
renato rikki, opera nazionale belila key pramukh (oh.aine.kha), fasiwadi yuva sangathan ney vibhinn kalakaron dwara nakkashidar moortiyon key beach shaileegat mankikaran aur drishya sthirata sunishchit karane key uddeshya seey stadio dei mermi koo gherne vaali moortiyon key design aur murtikala prakriya kaa nireekshan kiya. moortiyaan sabse sammaanit fasiwadi khelon kaa pratinidhitva karati theen aur manmaane dhang seey gati yaa kaarravaai key bajaay, ishaaron aur anupaat parr dhyaan kendrit karate hue, sthir, shaktishali aur bahadur mudraon mein smaarkeeya aur prabhaavshaali khilaadiyon koo pradarshit karke veerata koo jagaane kaa irada rakhti theen. kaee moortiyon koo aaraam mein, jordar rukh mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. udaaharan key liye, aeroldo bellini kii "atleta chey scaglia unaa pietra" (ack patthar fenkane vaalaa khilaadi) kii pratima mein, athlete kii mudra mein kissy bhee shaaririk parishram key sanketon kaa abhaav hotaa haye.
stadio dei mermi pracheen shaaririk raajneetik roopak kaa udaaharan haih aadarsh purush shareer aur aadarsh rashtra key beach mahatvapurna antarsambandh. isaki badey paimaane parr athletic moortiyaan aadarsh, majboot, mardana shareer kaa pratinidhitva karati hain joe fasiwadi vichardhara key liye maulik thee, jabaki iss vishvaas koo majboot karati hain kii khel 'corpore saano mein purush saanaa' (swasth shareer mein swasth munn) key madhyam seey praapt kiya jaa sakata haye.
olympic khel aur baad mein upayog.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh seey pahale, itali key fasiwadi shasson ney badey paimaane parr nirmaan pariyojanaon mein nivesh kiya jaise kii nayaa pados asposigion universal roma (euro), jisamen palazzo della civilta italiana aur foro musolini (abb foro italico key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) shamil they, jisamen stadio dei marmi shamil thaa. aaj taka, inn smarakon, imaraton, stadiums, moortiyon aur pados koo itali key ateet, sanskriti aur itihas mein shamil kiya gayaa haye, kyonki yuddh key baad itali mein pramukh jilon aur imaraton key punarnirmaan key liye dhana kii kamee aur fasiwadi vichardhara kii upasthiti aur dridhata donon key kaaran. 1943 mein fasiwadi shasson kii haar key baad, foro italico koo nasht aur dhwast naheen kiya gayaa thaa kyonki iska upayog sahayogi senaa dwara ack sharan kendra key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. musolini key shasankal (1922 seey 1943) key baad, stadio dei mermi kaa upayog 1960 key grishmakaaleen olympic khelon sahit vibhinn khel ayojanon key liye lagaatar kiya jaataa rhaa haye, jaba isane feeled hockey tournament kii mejbani kii thee.
1960 key olympic khelon ney itali kii naee loktaantrik pehchaan kaa anaavaran karane kaa avsar pradaan kiya. olympic khelon kii or badhate hue, adhikaariyon ney spasht fasiwadi prateek chinh, mozek aur khel parisar key aspas key tatvon aur duniya unake prati kaise pratikriya dey sakati haye, iss parr bahas shuru curr dee. usa samay, duniya bhar seey agantuk 'musolini ducks' shilalekh key saath saath phut lambe sangamarmar key stambh koo paar karate hue, foro italico pahunche aur phir fasiwadi netaa aur andolan donon kaa jashn manaane vaale mozek aur sangamarmar key slab kii ack shrinkhala koo dekhaa. 1960 key dashak key dauran, vaam aur dakshin key beach ack majboot raajneetik vibhajan thaa. jaise hii vampanthi satta mein aae aur olympic stadium key bheetar aur usake aspas key pratyaksh roop seey fasiwadi prateekon koo hataane kaa sujhaav diyaa, vahaan paryaapt fasiwadi virodh thaa. nava-faasivaadiyon ney, moviemento soshal italiano dwara samarthit, maang kii kih 'laa storia none see cancella' (itihas koo mitaaya naheen jaanaa chaahiye). dou atyant bhadkaau shilalekhon koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin kaee koo iss darr seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa kii joe loga faasivaad aur isaki vichardhara kaa jashn manaate hain way vidroh karenge aur itali key loktaantrik aur ekjut roop koo baadhit karenge. samajik, aarthik aur raajneetik prabhaav key saath-saath vatican kii shakti ney "fasiwadi ateet koo shaastriya aur isai viraasat key bhaar key neeche doobane kii anumati dee."vatican key paas stadium key neeche kii bhoomi thee, aur pope, pope payas xii ney khelon key liye stadium key upayog kaa samarthan kiya kyonki yeh naa kewal kaee agantukon koo aakarshit karega, balki vatican key liye rajaswa bhee laayega. 1960 key dashak key dauran, "fasiwadi viraasat" yaa isaki "raajneetik utpatti" aur stadium key uddeshya parr bahut cumm dhyaan, vivaad yaa aalochana kii gaee thee, balki pracheen rome key itihas aur isake shaastriya tatvon parr stadium key bheetar moortiyon key design mein upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
1990 football championship seey pahale, foro italico koo badey paimaane parr bahaal kiya gayaa thaa. kuchh logon ney inn stadiums kii bahaali kaa samarthan kiya, joe kii italvi aitihaasik viraasat kii raksha karane kii ack pahal thee, jabaki anya logon ney ise fasiwadi netaa, musolini key liye sammaan kaa kaary maanaa. sanskriti mantri walter veltroni ney kahaah "[faasivaad kii] ninda karane key liye hamein ise samajhane, aitihaasik banaane aur tarksangat banaane kii aavashyakta haye, naa kii ise hataane kii."
romanita aur fasiwadi shasson.
romanita "rome aur cheejon key liye ack gahara sneh haye, joe ack adim rome key saath pehchaan karane key prayaas mein haye joe samkaaleen raajneetik aur samajik rujhaanon key liye abhedya haye."yeh lagaav fasiwadi samaaj mein iss baat parr jore dene key madhyam seey utpann huaa kii yeh nagrik aur sainya shiksha key roop mein khelon parr rakhaa gayaa haye, aur yeh italvi football sanskriti key bheetar panap rhaa haye. ack fasiwadi sthal honey key alawa, stadio dei marmi, apani pracheen roman aur yunani prerit moortiyon key saath, aur aadhunik, shuddh aur saral vastukala key saath, romanita kaa ack sthal bhee haye, jahan sabhi italvi samajik vargon ney ekataa, shakti aur veerata key moolyon koo seekha. charampanthiyon kaa tark haye kii stadio dei mermi kii bhavyata swayam roman saanskritik roopon kii shreshthata kaa ack udaaharan haye."khel aur romanita kii avadharana key madhyam seey, fasiwadi shasson naa kewal pracheen rome key saath judaa huaa thaa, balki khud koo majboot aur ekikrit kiya. aaj taka, romnita kii avadharana pratidvandi football teams key saath, foro italico mein, stadio olympic mein nivaas karna jaari rakhti haye.aiss. roma aur aiss.aiss. lazio.
aalochana.
sthaayi saanskritik viraasat key karyakram nideshak professor valeri higgins ney tippani kii kii lagbhag sabhi fasiwadi smarakon, shilalekhon, prateekon aur vastukala koo drishyamaan rakhane kaa nirnay nakaratmak viraasat yaa pichhale aatank koo shraddhanjali kaa kaary naheen thaa, balki nakali aur sanrakshit karane kaa kaary thaa. isaliye, unhone tark diyaa kii 1960 key olympic khelon mein stadio dei mermi kaa upayog iss baat kaa ack udaaharan thaa kii itali ney dusare vishva yuddh mein apani bhoomika key saath kabhi bhee poori tarah seey samjhauta naheen kiya haye, aur usa kamee kaa bhoot viraasat yojana koo pareshan karna jaari rakhta haye."haal hii mein, fasiwadi mool vaale smarakon, shilalekhon, imaraton aur vastukala key saath kyaa karna haye, iss baare mein bahut bahas hui haye, jahaan vampanthi kahate hain kii loktaantrik itali koo apane itihas koo mitana naheen chaahiye, narampanthi udasinta kaa daavaa karate hain, aur sahee vichaar inn drishyon koo kewal fasiwadi prachaar key bajaay vastukala key roop mein dekhate hain.

