
mikhail franz

mikhail vasilivic frunze (2 farwari 1885-31 octuber 1925) ack soviyat krantikari, rajneta, senaa adhikaari aur sainya siddhantkar they. russie turkistan mein ack roman pitaa aur ack russie maan key ghar paida hue, frunze ney sent pietersberg polytechnic vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag liya aur russie samajik loktaantrik shram party (rsdlp) key ack sakriya sadasya bunn gaye. aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. key vaichaarik vibhajan key baad, unhone vladmir lenin key bolshevik gutt kaa paksh liya. unhone 1905 kii russie kranti key dauran ivanovo mein kapada shramikon kii hadtaal kaa netritva kiya, jisake liye unhein baad mein cyberia mein aajivan shram mein parivartit honey seey pahale maut kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. vaha duss saal baad bhaag gayaa aur minsk mein 1917 farwari kranti aur mosco mein octuber kranti mein sakriya bhaag liya.
frunze ney russie grihyuddh key dauran sabse safal laal senaa commanders mein seey ack key roop mein khud koo pratishthit kiya, jisane kreemiya mein payotra rengal kii safed senaa aur ukraine mein nester makhano key arajaktawadi andolan parr badee jeet hassil kii. 1921 mein, frunze koo communist party kii kendriya samiti key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. 1925 mein unhein krantikari sainya parishad kaa adhyaksh naamit kiya gayaa.
ack puraane alsar key kaaran unakaa swaasthya bigadane parr, franz kii 1925 mein sergery key dauran mrityu hoe gaee aur unhein craimlin deewaar kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa. kyrgyz ssr kii rajdhani aur unake janmasthan, pishpec (aadhunik bishkek) kaa naam 1926 seey 1991 taka unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. soviyat sangh key sabse pratishthit sainya shaikshanik sansthanon mein seey ack, franz sainya akadami kaa naam bhee unake sammaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa.
jeevan aur raajneetik gatividhi.
frunz kaa janm 1885 mein pishpec (abb kyrgyzstan mein bishkek) mein huaa thaa, joe taba russie turkistan (semireche oblast) key kyrgyzstan bhaag mein ack chhota saa shaahi russie sainya-chauki shahar thaa. unake pitaa ack besarabian roman paira-medical (feldsher) (mool roop seey kherson governor) they aur unaki maan russie theen. frunze ney apani uchch shiksha verney (vartamaan almatti) mein shuru kii, aur 1904 mein unhone sent pietersberg polytechnic vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag liya.
franz russie samajik loktaantrik shram party (aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee.) mein sakriya hoe gayaa. landan mein aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. kii doosari congress (1903) mein, vladmir lenin aur julius martov, dou mukhya netaaon ney party kii ranneeti parr ack vaichaarik vibhajan mein ack-dusare kaa saamana kiya (martov ney kaaryakartaon kii ack badee party key liye tark diyaa, jabaki lenin sahaanubhooti rakhane vaalon key ack badey samooh key saath peshevar krantikariyon kaa ack chhota samooh chaahte they). 18 saal kii umr mein frenz ney martov key alpasankhyak, "menshevik" (yaa "mineritarian") key vipareet, tathaakathit "bolshevik" ("majorian"), lenin key bahumat kaa paksh liya.
doosari congress key dou saal baad, franz 1905 kii kranti mein ack mahatvapurna netaa bunn gaye. unhone shuya aur ivanovo mein hadataali kapada shramikon kaa netritva kiya. andolan key anta key baad, frunze koo 1907 mein giraftar kiya gayaa aur maut kii sajaa sunai gaee; unhein jail mein daal diyaa gayaa aur unhone kaee maheene maut kii sajaa parr apane fansi kii prateeksha mein bitaaye. kathin parishram mein unaki sajaa koo aajivan karawas mein badal diyaa gayaa. cyberian jailon mein 10 saal rahane key baad, franz cheeta key paas bhaag gayaa. vahaan way bolshevik saptahik samachar patra "vostochano obozreni" (purvi sameeksha) key sampaadak baney.
1917 kii farwari kranti key dauran, frunze ney belorussian soviyat sangh key rashtrapati key roop mein apane chunaav seey pahale minsk nagrik milicia kaa netritva kiya. baad mein vaha masco gaye aur shahar key niyantran key liye sangharsh mein sahaayata key liye shramikon key ack sashastr bull kaa netritva kiya.
russie grihyuddh.
1917 kii octuber kranti key baad, frunz koo 1918 mein ivanovo-woznessensk praant key liye sainya aayukt key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. russie grihyuddh key dauran, unhein laal senaa purvi morche (march 1919) key dakshini senaa samooh key pramukh key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. frunz key sainikon dwara admiral alekjendar kolchak aur omsk mein safed senaa koo haraane key baad, leone trotsky (laal senaa key pramukh) ney unhein purvi morche kii samagr kamaan (19 julaai 1919) dee. frunz ney apane mool turkistan seey basmachi vidrohiyon aur safed senaa key sainikon koo khaded diyaa. unhone farwari mein khiv aur sitambar 1920 mein bukhara parr kabja curr liya.
navambar 1920 mein, frunz kii senaa ney crimea koo leey liya aur safed general payotra rengal aur usake sainikon koo roose seey baahar nikaalane mein kamyab rahee. dakshini morche key commander key roop mein, frunz ney ukraine mein nester makhano key arajaktawadi andolan aur simone petillura key rashtravadi andolan key vinash kaa bhee netritva kiya.
disambar 1921 mein, frunze ney turkey swatantrata sangram key dauran, ukraini ssr key rajdoot key roop mein ankara kaa daura kiya aur turkey-soviyat sambandhon kii sthaapana kii. mustafa kemal ataturk ney unhein ack sahayogi aur ack dost key roop mein iss hudd taka mahatva diyaa kii unhone istanbul mein taksim chauk parr gantantra smaarak key ack hisse key roop mein franz kii ack moorti rakhee.
1921 mein, frunze koo russie bolshevik party kii kendriya samiti key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. 2 juuna 1924 koo way polit beuro key ummidwar sadasya baney aur janwari 1925 mein krantikari sainya parishad key adhyaksh baney.
frunz key grigori zinovieve key samarthan ney unhein zinovieve key mukhya virodhiyon mein seey ack, joseph stallin key saath sangharsh mein laa diyaa. way pahale milansar sharton parr they, kyonki stallin ney apane saathi "puraane rakshak" krantikari aur poorv kaidi key prati sammaan pradarshit kiya thaa.
mrityu.
saamyavaadi netaaon key beach karyanvayan aur neeti key mamalon parr bahut rachanaatmak aur lagbhag aparamparaagat drishtikon rakhane key roop mein franz koo jaanaa jaataa thaa. jatil sainya uddeshyon kii safal khoj aur usa avadhi key dauran jaba communist party avaidh thee, unake dhairya key kaaran unhone apane sathiyon kaa sammaan aur prashansa praapt kii. saamyavaadi party key agende koo aage badhaane key saiddhaantik aur vyaavhaarik donon mamalon mein unaki taakat aur party seey alag vyaktigat mahatvakanksha kii kamee key kaaran unhein lenin kaa sambhaavit uttaradhikari maanaa jaataa thaa.
franz ack puraane alsar seey peedit thaa. halanki doctors ney shalya chikitsa kii sifarish kii, lekin unhone adhik roodhivaadi upchaaron kaa samarthan kiya. 1925 mein ack vishesh roop seey gambhir ghatana key baad, franz koo aspatal mein bharti karaaya gayaa thaa. stallin aur anastas mikoyan donon unase milane aae aur unhein operation kii aavashyakta seey prabhaavit kiya.
apani mrityu seey kuchh samay pahale, frunze ney apani patni koo likhaah "vartamaan mein main bilkul swasth mahsoos curr rhaa huun, aur yeh sochana bhee hasyaspad lagata haye, aur isase bhee adhik-ack operation seey gujarna. phir bhee, donon dalon key pratinidhiyon koo isaki aavashyakta haye."
31 octuber 1925 koo sergery key dauran franz kii mrityu hoe gaee. aantarik rajneeti koo dekhate hue, aisee afavaahen theen kii stallin yaa kissy anya pratidvandi ney gupt roop seey unaki mrityu kaa adesh diyaa thaa. jabaki vee. topoliansky ney apani 2006 kii pustak mein kahaa kii iska samarthan karane key liye koee saboot naheen haye. itihaaskaar roman brackman ney iss drishtikon koo chunauti dee aur tark diyaa kii frunz ney apane virodh key saath apane sangharsh mein stallin kaa samarthan karane seey incar curr diyaa thaa. breakman ney yeh bhee nott kiya kii stallin soviyat adhikaariyon kii chikitsa dekhbhal kii nigrani karane key prabhaari they aur unhone franz key chikitsak kii chetavaniyon koo nazarandaj curr diyaa kii chloroform kaa prashaasan franz key liye ghaatak hoga. isevestia" mein 26 octuber 2010 key ack lekh mein bataaya gayaa thaa kii franz koo chloroform khuraak dee gaee thee joe samanya khuraak seey saat gunaa adhik thee.
franz koo craimlin deewaar kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa thaa. aaj unaki kabr lenin makbare aur craimlin deewaar key beach sthit baarah alag-alag makbaron mein seey ack haye.
viraasat.
1926 mein, unake sammaan mein bishkek kii rajdhani, kyrgyzstan kaa naam badalkar "frunz" curr diyaa gayaa. soviyat sangh key vighatan key baad 1991 mein yeh apane poorv naam parr vaapas aaa gayaa. shahar mein abhee bhee franz kaa smaran kiya jaataa haih unaki ghudsavaar pratima mukhya railway station key saamane khadee haye. shahar key kendra mein ack sadak aur ack sangrahalaya kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye. isake alawa, sangrahalaya mein unakaa bachpan kaa ghar haye, ack kuteer joe ack badee aadhunik sanrachana key ander sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
shuya, ivanovo oblast mein ack anya smaarak sangrahalaya haye joe franz koo samarpit haye.
roose mein kaee gaanvon kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. roose key kaee shaharon kii sadakon kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
masco mein franz sainya akadami, joe poorv soviyat sangh mein sabse sammaanit mein seey ack thee, kaa naam unake sammaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa.
soviyat dwiteeya rifle division koo pahale aim key naam seey dwiteeya belarusi laal banner rifle division key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.vee. franz karein.
masco metro, sent pietersberg metro aur minsk metro mein unake sammaan mein "frunzenskaya" naamak station hain, aur station key ack chhor parr unaki samaantaa kii ack patthar kii nakkashi khadee haye.
ukraine key kharkiv key nemishlyansky jile kaa naam pahale "frunzensky jilaa" rakhaa gayaa thaa. 2016 mein iska naam badalkar iska vartamaan naam curr diyaa gayaa taaki vighatan kaanoonon kaa paalan kiya jaa sakey.
unaki mrityu key baad, ladakon kaa pahala naam frungic (motey taur parr "little frunz") coccus aur soviyat turkistan mein kaafee lokpriya hoe gayaa. inmein seey sabse ullekhaniya shayed frungic mcrutchyan haye.
russie yuddhapot poltava kaa naam janwari 1926 mein unake sammaan mein "frunge" curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jaisa kii 1981 mein doosara kirov-shreni kaa paramanu yuddhapot (abb "admiral lazarev") thaa.
general frunz koo ataturk key thheek peechhe, ganarajya key smaarak mein, istanbul, turkey mein, taksim varg key kendra mein sthit ack sthaan key saath sammaanit kiya jaataa haye.
franz koo kuchh loga unake sainya siddhant key liye yaad karate hain. ack lekhak unhein closswitz key buggle mein bhee sthaan detaa haye.
saahityik chitran.
boris pilanyak kii kahani "naa bujhane vaale chandrama kii kahani" franz kii mrityu parr adharit thee. unaki mrityu vasili aksiyonov key upanyaas "sardiyon kii peedhiyon" key pahale dou adhyaayon kaa kendriya tatva bhee haye.
markswadi karyakarta taarik allie ney vladmir lenin kii 2017 kii jeevani, "dha duvidhaaen off lenin" mein frunz koo chitrit kiya. allie ney grihyuddh key dauran laal senaa kii sainya ranneeti vikasit karane mein ack mahatvapurna vyakti key roop mein franz koo chitrit kiya. vaha markswadi sainya ranneeti kii frunz kii avadharana parr jore detaa haye, jisane soviyat sainya sangathan koo dridhata seey prabhaavit kiya.