
york kaa qaanoon

york kaa qaanoon ingland kii sansad kaa 1322 kaa ack adhiniyam thaa jisane 1311 key adhyadeshon koo nirast curr diyaa aur kissy bhee samaan praavdhaan koo sthaapit honey seey roque diyaa. shikshaavidon kaa tark haye kii vidheyak kaa vaastavik prabhaav kyaa haye, lekin aam sahamati yeh haye kii isane yeh vichaar banaaya kii samanya hita key sabhi mamalon parr house off commons seey paramarsh kiya jaanaa chaahiye. kaanoon koo "angreji sarkaar mein krantikari prayogon kii avadhi key anta" key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye, jisamen kabhi bhee adhyadeshon kaa phir seey prayaas naheen kiya gayaa.
prishthabhoomi.
1311 key adhyadesh raajaa edward dwiteeya parr ingland key samrajya key peerej aur paadari varg dwara raajaa kii shakti koo pratibandhit karane key liye lagaae gaye praavdhaan they. 16 march 1322 koo barobridge kii ladaai mein apane raajneetik vipaksh key khilaf edward kii jeet aur 6 dinn baad lankester key earl key nishpaadan ney unhein badee matra mein swatantrata dee, aur sansad koo 2 maee 1322 koo york mein milane key liye bulaaya gayaa, jisamen barobridge seey 2 dinn pahale ack ritt thee. edward kaa pahala mamla "adhyadeshon key nirsan parr kaanoon" thaa, halanki "adhyadeshon key achche binduon koo kaanoon mein daalane" key parantuk key saath. saarvajanik abhilekh karyalaya mein khoji gaee pratiyon key masaude seey sanket milata haye kii kaanoon mool roop seey kewal 1311 key adhyadeshon koo nirast karane key liye thaa, jisamen koee atirikt praavdhaan naheen thaa. haalaanki, dusare masaude ney shaahi visheshaadhikaar key vichaar koo poori tarah seey sahee thaharaaya, aur kissy bhee samaan adhyadesh koo lagu honey seey rokte hue kahaa kii "hamaare swami raajaa aur usake uttaradhikariyon kii sampatti aur raajya kii sampatti key liye joe mamle sthaapit kiye jaane hain aur logon koo sansadon mein diyaa jaayega aur sthaapit kiya jaayega... jaisa kii yeh pahale seey hii abhyast haye. kaanoon key parinamswarup, adhyadeshon koo nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur unhein phir seey pesh karane kaa koee prayaas naheen kiya gayaa thaa; ise "angreji sarkaar mein krantikari prayogon kii avadhi key anta" key roop mein dekhaa gayaa haye.
samvaidhaanik nihitarth.
house off lords kameti ney joe qaanoon parr charcha kii thee, usane nishkarsh nikala kii iska matlab sathiyon aur samrat key adhikaaron key sambandh mein pahale kii pratha koo aupchaarik banaana thaa, aur isake liye binaa kissy sammaan key banaaya gayaa koee bhee pichla qaanoon amaanya thaa. heinry hollum ney nishkarsh nikala kii, halanki yeh prateet hotaa haye kii pichhali pratha kii pushti karke logon key adhikaaron koo aage badhaaya jaa rhaa haye (jisamen ack kaanoon paarit karate samay samrat koo house off commons seey paramarsh karane kii aavashyakta shamil haye), yeh adhiniyam "sansad kii sarvocch shakti koo badhaane key bajaay seemit prateet hotaa haye, yadi yeh apane ekmatra adhikaar dwara iss tarah key kissy bhee bhavishya key adhiniyam koo pratibandhit karane key liye thaa", kyonki lords ordiners koo logon dwara chunaa gayaa thaa; phir bhee, adhikansh itihaskaron kaa maanana haye kii isane commons key adhikaaron kaa vistaar kiya thaa. way itihaaskaar joe iss baat seey sahmat hain kii yeh aam logon key adhikaar koo maanyata detaa haye, way iss baat seey sahmat naheen hain kii yeh kyaa maanata haye; kuchh kaa kahana haye kii mahatvapurna samvaidhaanik parivartan kiye jaane parr ise aam logon kii sahamati kii aavashyakta hoti haye, kuchh kaa kahana haye kii yeh kewal vittiya mamalon mein aam logon key paramarsh key adhikaar koo maanyata detaa haye, aur kuchh kaa kahana haye kii yeh samanya hita key sabhi mamalon parr aam logon key paramarsh key adhikaar koo maanyata detaa haye; teesara siddhant sabse adhik sweekrit haye. jaisa kii kahaa gayaa haye, "raajaa aur usake uttaradhikariyon kii sampatti key liye, aur raajya aur logon kii sampatti key liye sthaapit kiye jaane vaale mamalon koo sansad mein, raajaa dwara, aur raaj-purohiton, earl aur bairanon kii sahamati seey, aur raajya kii samanyata dwara, jaisa kii pahale seey prachalit thaa, maanaa jaanaa chaahiye, diyaa jaanaa chaahiye aur sthaapit kiya jaanaa chaahiye"
aage key upaay.
jabaki adhyadeshon koo swayam nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, unamen shamil kaee prashaasnik bindu-vishesh roop seey sheriff, vyapariyon key kaanoon, aur kanuni apeelon parr dou shikayaton (adhyadesh 17,33,35 aur 36) key sambandh mein-nae kaanoon mein lagbhag shabd key liye shabd parr leey jaaya gayaa thaa, jise saamoohik roop seey chhah "achche khandon" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
samay key saath inn khandon koo baad mein nirast curr diyaa jaayega, antatah sansad mein raajaa, prabhuon aur aam logon dwara kiye jaa rahey aise adhyadeshon parr kewal parichayaatmak nishedh chhod diyaa jaayega.

