
badey paimaane parr samanantar hastakshar anukraman

badey paimaane parr samanantar hastakshar anukraman (aim. pee. aiss.) ack aisee prakriya haye jiska upayog aim. aar. aine. aeye. pratilekhon kii pehchaan karane aur unaki matra nirdhaarit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, jisake parinamswarup jeane abhivyakti (rishi) key kramik vishleshan key samaan detta praapt hotaa haye, halanki yeh jaiv rasayanik aur anukraman charanon kii ack shrinkhala koo niyojit kartaa haye joe kaafee alag hain.
yeh kaise kaam kartaa haye.
aim. pee. aiss. pratyek jeane dwara utpaadit vyaktigat aim. aar. aine. aeye. anuon kii sankhya kii ginati karke aim. aar. aine. aeye. key abhivyakti staron koo nirdhaarit karane kii ack vidhi haye. yeh iss arth mein "khula anta" haye kii maapa jaane vaale aar. aine. aeye. kii pehchaan poorv-nirdhaarit naheen haye kyonki way jeane abhivyakti microere key saath hain.
aim. aar. aine. aeye. key ack namoone koo pahale riverse transcriptase kaa upayog karke poorak dee. aine. aeye. (see. dee. aine. aeye.) mein parivartit kiya jaataa haye, jisase baad mein herfer karna aasaan hoe jaataa haye. inn see. dee. aine. aeye. koo ack chhote seey oligonucleotide "tagg" mein jodaa jaataa haye joe see. dee. aine. aeye. koo pee. see. aar. pravardhit karane aur phir sookshm beeds mein jodaa jaane kii anumati detaa haye. anukram nirdhaaran key kaee daur key baad, fluorescent label vaale probe key sankaran kaa upayog karke, pratyek beed seey ~ 16-20 bp kaa ack anukram hastakshar nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye. fluorescent imaging sabhi motiyon seey sanket koo pakadati haye, jabaki ack 2-ayami satah parr chipakaati haye, isaliye dna anukram sabhi motiyon seey samanantar mein nirdhaarit kiye jaate hain. praarambhik samagri kaa kuchh pravardhan hotaa haye, isaliye anta mein, lagbhag 1,000,000 anukram prati prayog praapt kiya jaataa haye.
avalokan.
aim. pee. aiss. aim. aar. aine. aeye. pratilekhon koo naamit pratibandh enzyme (aamtaur parr aiss. aeye. yuu. 3aeye yaa dee. pee. aine. aaee.) key 3 '-anta key 3'-sabse adhik sthaan seey satey ack 17-20 bee. pee. (aadhar jodee) hastakshar anukram kii peedhi key madhyam seey pehchaane jaane kii anumati detaa haye. pratyek hastakshar anukram koo duss laakh sookshm beeds mein seey ack parr pratiroopit kiya jaataa haye. takneek yeh sunishchit karati haye kii kewal ack prakaar kaa dee. aine. aeye. anukram ack sookshm beed parr hoe. isaliye yadi javic namoone mein ack vishisht pratilekh kii 50 pratiyaan hain, tou inn pratilekhon koo 50 alag-alag sookshm beeds parr kaid kiya jaayega, pratyek beed mein vishisht hastakshar anukram kii lagbhag 100,000 pravardhit pratiyaan hongi. sookshm beeds koo phir anukraman aur matratmakta key liye ack pravaah koshika mein sarani kiya jaataa haye. anukram hastakshar koo sankaran dwara chaar aadharon kii samanantar pehchaan dwara pratideepti seey label kiye gaye encoder (chitra 5) key liye samajhaaya jaataa haye. pratyek encoder mein ack advitiya label hotaa haye jiska pataa sankaran key baad microbeed sarani kii chhavi laker lagaaya jaataa haye. agala kadam chaar aadharon key usa sett koo alag karna aur hataana haye aur encoder aur chhavi adhigrahan key liye sankaran key ack nae daur key liye agale chaar aadharon koo prakat karna haye. kachche utpaadan mein 17-20 bp hastakshar anukramon kii ack soochi hoti haye, jise jeane pehchaan key liye maanav genome mein annotate kiya jaa sakata haye.
rishi key saath tulanaa karein.
lambe tagg anukram seey 9-10 bp key shaastriya rishi tagg kii tulanaa mein uchch vishishtata praapt hoti haye. advitiya jeane abhivyakti key star koo prati million anuon mein maujood pratilekhon kii ginati dwara darshaaya jaataa haye, joe rishi utpaadan key samaan haye. rishi kii tulanaa mein pustakalaya kaa aakar badaa honah ack mahatvapurna laabh haye. ack aim. pee. aiss. pustakalaya mein aam taur parr 10 laakh hastakshar tagg hotey hain, joe ack rishi pustakalaya key aakar kaa lagbhag 20 gunaa hotaa haye. rishi seey sambandhit kuchh nuksan aim. pee. aiss. parr bhee lagu hotey hain, jaise kii pratibandh enzyme pehchaan sthal kii kamee aur tagg annotation mein aspashtata key kaaran kuchh pratilekhon kaa nuksan. uchch samvedansheelta aur poorna jeane abhivyakti nishchit roop seey mps kaa samarthan karati haye. haalaanki, praudyogiki kewal linksjen chikitsa, ink. key madhyam seey upalabdh haye. (phir 2006 taka solexa ink aur phir roshni).

