
chubhana

yaatana aur nishpaadan kii ack vidhi key roop mein, ack vyakti kaa ack vastu jaise kii ack daanta, khambhe, bhaala yaa hook dwara pravesh, aksar dhad key poorna yaa aanshik chhidra dwara hotaa haye. iska upayog vishesh roop seey "raajya key khilaf apraadhon" key jawab mein kiya jaataa thaa aur kaee sanskritiyon mein ise mrityudand key ack bahut hii kathor roop key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa aur ise mithak aur kalaa mein darj kiya jaataa thaa. yuddh key samay vidrohiyon koo dabaane, gaddaron yaa sahyogiyon koo dandit karane aur sainya anushasana key ullanghan koo dandit karane key liye bhee suulii kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa.
jinn apraadhon mein kabhi-kabhi fansi kaa prayog kiya jaataa thaa, unamen rajmarg parr dakaiti yaa gambhir dakaiti karke, raajya kii neetiyon yaa ekadhikar kaa ullanghan karke, yaa vyaapaar key liye manakon koo todkar, surakshit sadakon aur vyaapaar maargon key liye raajya kii jimmedaari kii avamaanana shamil thee. vibhinn saanskritik, yaun aur dhaarmik karanon seey bhee apraadhiyon koo fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa haye.
babylonia aur nava-assyrian samrajya mein suulii key sandarbh 18veen shatabdi eesaa poorv key roop mein paae jaate hain.
vidhiyaan.
anudairdhya abhikshep.
ack vyakti koo shareer kii lambai key saath latkaane kaa kaee mamalon mein dastavejikaran kiya gayaa haye, aur vyaapaari jeane dee thevenot 17 veen shatabdi key misra seey iska ack pratyakshadarshi vivaran pradaan kartaa haye, ack vyakti key mamle mein jise jhoothe vajan key upayog key liye maut kii sajaa sunai gaee theeh 
jeevit rahane kaa samay.
jiss samay taka koee vyakti daanv parr jeevit rahane mein kamyab rhaa, vaha kuchh sekand yaa minut seey laker kuchh ghanton yaa kuchh dinon taka kaafee bhinn bataaya jaataa haye. aisaa lagata haye kii batavia mein dutch adhipati, vishesh roop seey, fansi parr latakaae gaye vyakti key jivankal koo badhaane mein nipun rahey hain, ack vyakti koo chhah dinn taka jeevit rahane kaa gawah banaa rahey hain, ack anya sthaaniya shalya chikitsak ney sunaa haye kii kuchh loga aathh dinn yaa usase adhik samay taka jeevit reh sakate hain. jeevit rahane kii lambai key liye ack mahatvapurna nirdhaarak sateek roop seey "kaise" daanv daala gayaa thaah yadi yeh "aantarik" bhaagon mein chalaa gayaa, tou mahatvapurna anga aasaani seey kshatigrast hoe sakate hain, jisase teji seey mrityu hoe sakati haye. haalaanki, daanv koo reedh kii huddy kaa paalan karane seey, impelment prakriya mahatvapurna angon koo nuksan naheen pahunchaayegi, aur vyakti kaee dinon taka jeevit reh sakata haye.
pargaman impelment.
vaikalpik roop seey, impelment koo anuprasth roop seey kiya jaa sakata haye, jaisa kii saamane seey dorsal disha mein, yaani saamane seey (pett, chhaati yaa seedhe dill key madhyam seey) peechhe yaa "isake vipareet".
pavitra roman samrajya (aur madhya/purvi europe mein kaheen aur) mein, jinn mahilaaon ney apane navjat shishuon koo maar daala, unhein khuli kabron mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur unake dilon mein daanv lagaae gaye they, khaskar aggar unake mamalon mein jaadoo-tona kaa koee prabhaav thaa. iss tareeke seey kiye gaye ack nishpaadan kaa ack vistrit vivaran 17 veen shatabdi key kosis (taba hangri mein, abb purvi slovakia mein) seey aataa haye. ack mahila key mamle mein, jise shishu hatyaa key liye fansi dee jaani thee, ack jallad aur dou sahayak shamil they. pahale, ack kabr lagbhag dedh oonchi khudai kii gaee. mahila koo taba usake bheetar rakhaa gayaa thaa, usake haath aur pair unake madhyam seey nakhun chalaakar surakshit kiye gaye they. jallad ney usake chehare parr ack chhoti see kaante kii jhaadi rakhee. phir usane usake dill parr ack lakadi kaa stave rakhaa aur usey urdhvaadhar roop seey rakhaa taaki usake sthaan koo chihnit kiya jaa sakey, jabaki usake sahayakon ney mahila parr mitty kaa dher lagaa diyaa, maulaviyon key kahane parr uska sir dharti seey mukt rakhaa, kyonki anyatha aisaa karane seey mrityu prakriya tej hoe jaati. ack baar jaba prithvi usake oopar dher hoe gaee thee, tou jallad ney lohe seey bunny chhad koo pakadane key liye ack jodee chimti kaa istemal kiya, jise laal germ kiya gayaa thaa. unhone lakadi key stave key buggle mein chamakati lohe kii chhad koo rakhaa, aur jaise hii unake ack sahayak ney chhad koo ander seey hathauda maaraa, dusare sahayak ney mahila key sir parr mitty kaa ack gart khaali curr diyaa. aisaa kahaa jaataa haye kii ack chillahat sunee gaee, aur prithvi ack pull key liye oopar kii or badh gaee, isase pahale kii vaha sub khatm hoe jaae.
vividhataaen.
shuru karna.
joseph pitton dee tournefort, levent 1700-1702 mein vanaspati anusandhaan parr yatra karate hue, donon samanya anudairdhya impelment kaa avalokan kiya, lekin "launching" naamak ack vidhi bhee, jisamen ninda koo ack russie key madhyam seey tej dhaatu key hook kii ack pankti parr faharaaya jaataa haye. phir usey riha curr diyaa jaataa haye, aur iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii hook usake shareer mein kaise pravesh karate hain, vaha kuchh dinon key liye suulii kii sthiti mein jeevit reh sakata haye.
dee tournamentfort seey chaalees saal pahale, dee thevenot ney ack hii prakriya kaa varnan kiya, yeh kahate hue kii iska upayog shayed hii kabhi kiya jaataa thaa kyonki ise bahut kroor maanaa jaataa thaa. dee thevenot seey lagbhag 80 saal pahale, 1579 mein, huns jacob bruning wonn buchenback ney launch karane key anushthaan kaa ack roop dekhaa. fansi key kshaitij cross-baar parr ack badaa lohe kaa hook lagaaya gayaa thaa aur vyakti koo iss hook parr majboor kiya gayaa thaa, usey pett seey usaki peeth key madhyam seey chhed diyaa gayaa thaa, taaki vaha usase, haathon, pairon aur sir koo neeche kii or latka sakey. cross baar key oopar, jallad khud koo sthit kartaa haye aur usake neeche suulii parr latakaae gaye vyakti parr vibhinn yaatanaaen detaa haye.
shahar kii deewaar mein hook.
jaba dee tournefort key roop mein launch karane mein ack machaan kaa nirmaan shamil haye, tou aisaa lagata haye kii algier key shahar mein, hook shahar kii divaaron mein embedded they, aur iss avsar parr, logon koo yuddh seey una parr fenk diyaa gayaa thaa.
thomas shau, joe 1720 key dashak key dauran algiers mein tainaat levent company key paadari they, ney nishpaadan key vibhinn roopon kaa varnan iss prakaar kiya haih
ack srot key anusaar, deewaar mein inn hook koo ack nishpaadan vidhi key roop mein 1573 mein nae shahar key dwaar key nirmaan key saath pesh kiya gayaa thaa. usa samay seey pahale, dee tournefort dwara varnit launch karna upayog mein thaa. algiers mein hook parr vyaktiyon koo fenkane kii vaastavik "aavritti" key liye, kaptan. heinry boyde ney nott kiya kii vahaan apani 20 varshon kii kaid mein, vaha kewal ack mamle key baare mein jaanata thaa jahan ack isai gulam jisane apane malik kii hatyaa curr dee thee, usa bhaagya kaa saamana curr chuka thaa, aur isake alawa dou yaa teen moors seey oopar naheen. 1596 mein bandee banaae gaye, naaee-sarjan villium davies hook parr fenkane parr shamil unchaaiyon key baare mein kuchh bataate hain (halanki yeh kuchh hudd taka spasht naheen haye kii kyaa yeh vishesh roop seey algier shahar seey sambandhit haye, yaa barberry raajyon mein kaheen aur): "unaki gaansh iss tarah seey haih vaha deewaar parr baithata haye, paanch fatham [30 feat, yaa lagbhag 9 meater] oonchaa, deewaar key sheersh key dou fatham [12 feat yaa lagbhag 3.6 meater] key bheetar; thheek usa jagah key neeche jahaan vaha baithata haye, ack majboot lohe kaa hook haye, bahut tej haye; phir usey iss hook parr deewaar seey fenk diyaa jaataa haye, usake shareer key kuchh hisse key saath, aur vahaan vaha kabhi-kabhi dou yaa teen dinn pahale latka detaa haye, vaha marr jaataa haye."daves kahate hain kii" yeye mautein bahut cumm hoti hain ", lekin unhone vyaktigat roop seey ise dekhaa thaa.
pasaliyon seey latka diyaa.
logon koo fansi key madhyam seey maarne kaa ack chhota saa alag tarika thaa kii ack vyakti kii pasaliyon key neeche lohe key maans key hook koo majboor kiya jaae aur usey dheere-dheere marane key liye latka diyaa jaae. yeh takneek 18veen shatabdi mein ottoman-niyantrit bosnia mein thee jise "sengela" kahaa jaataa thaa, lekin iss pratha koo 1770 key dashak mein dutch surinam mein vidrohi daason koo diye jaane vaale dund key roop mein bhee pramaanit kiya gayaa haye.
baans kii yaatana.
kaee websites aur lokpriya media outlets parr ack baar-baar daravani kahani yeh haye kii dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran japani sainikon ney yuddh key kaidiyon koo baans seey yaatana dee. maanaa jaataa haye kii peedit koo ack yuva baans key ankur key oopar surakshit roop seey baandh diyaa gayaa thaa. kaee dinon mein, tej, teji seey badhane vaali goli pahale puncher hoe jaati thee, phir poori tarah seey peedit key shareer mein pravesh karati thee, antatah doosari taraf seey nikalati thee. haalaanki, koee nirnaayak saboot maujood naheen haye kii iss prakaar kaa suulii kaa prayog vaastav mein kabhi huaa thaa.
itihas.
pracheen kaal.
mesopotamia aur pracheen nikat poorv.
fansi key roop mein suulii kaa sabse pahala gyaat upayog pracheen nikat poorv kii sabhyataon mein huaa thaa. babylone key raajaa hammurabi dwara lagbhag 1772 eesaa poorv mein ghoshit hammurabi kaa code ack mahila key liye suulii lagaane kaa ullekh kartaa haye jisane dusare purush key liye apane pati kii hatyaa curr dee thee. lagbhag usee samay key anta mein, aisaa lagata haye kii kuchh shahar raajyon mein, patni kii or seey kewal vyabhichaar (usake pati kii hatyaa key binaa) koo suulii seey dandit kiya jaa sakata haye. maaree shahar key shaahi abhilekhagar seey, iska adhikansh hissa lagbhag hammurabi key samkaaleen bhee haye, yeh gyaat haye kii yuddh mein bandee banaae gaye sainikon koo avsar parr fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa. hammurabi key adheen babylonia key lagbhag samkaaleen, elam key raajaa sive-palar-huhpaak ney aadhikarik shilalekh banaae jisamen unhone anya bhayaanak bhaagya key saath apane dushmanon key sahyogiyon koo yaatana dene kii dhamki dee. kathit mahaan apavitrata key krityon key liye, kuchh vyaktiyon koo, vividh sanskritiyon mein, unaki abhivyakti key liye fansi dee gaee haye. udaaharan key liye, lagbhag 1200 eesaa poorv, ugreet key vyaapaari ack-dusare key prati gahari chinta vyakt karate hain kii ack saathi nagrik koo fenician shahar cydone mein suulii parr latka diyaa jaanaa haye, kyonki cydone key sanrakshak devta key khilaf kuchh "mahaan paap" kiya gayaa haye.
pharonic misra.
rajvansh 19 key dauran, merneptah ney apane shasankal key varsh 5 key dauran misra parr aakraman key prayaas key baad memphis key dakshin mein libu yuddh kaidiyon koo ("ack daanv parr lagaa diyaa gayaa") latka diyaa thaa. "χt" ("daanv") key liye praasangik nirdhaarak ack vyakti koo pett key madhyam seey parivartit darshaata haye. anya misra key raajaon mein sabekhotep dwiteeya, akhenaten, setee aur ramesis ix shamil hain.
nava-assyrian samrajya.
nakkashi aur moortiyon dwara sakshya nava-assyrian samrajya seey bhee paae jaate hain (see. 934-609 bc). raajaa sanherib (aar. 705-681 bc), joe usee abhiyaan key dauran acron key nivaasiyon key khilaf isi tarah aage badhe. sanherib key pitaa sargon dwiteeya key samay seey (aar. 722-705 bc), khorsabad mein unake mahal seey ack raahat pazashi shahar parr hamale key dauran 14 dushmanon key suulii parr chadhaae jaane koo darshaati haye. nava-assyrian" tareeke seey chadhaane kii ack visheshta yeh thee kii poore shareer kii lambai key bajaay, daanv koo "pasaliyon key neeche turant shareer mein daala gayaa thaa". nava-asiriyanon key liye, saamoohik nishpaadan naa kewal aatank paida karane aur aagyakarita koo lagu karane key liye design kiye gaye hain, balki yeh unaki "shakti" key pramaan key roop mein bhee prateet hoe sakata haye, jiss parr way garv karate they. nava-assyrian raajaa ashuranasirpal dwiteeya (aar. 883-859 bc) koo spasht roop seey apane khooni kaam parr garv thaa kii unhone ise smaarak aur shashwat smriti key liye pratibaddh kiyaah
paul kern ney apane (1999) "pracheen gherabandi yuddh" mein kuchh aankade pradaan kiye hain kii kaise ashuranasirpal dwiteeya key samay seey alag-alag nava-assyrian raajaon ney vidrohiyon key dund kaa smaran kiya.
haalaanki vidrohiyon aur dushmanon koo giraaye jaane kii pushti nava-assyrian kaal seey kii gaee haye, 14veen shatabdi eesaa poorv key mitenni raajaa shattiwaja ney apane poorvavarti, hadap lene vaale shutterna III parr kaee raeeson koo (beach mein) asiriyanon koo saunpane kaa aarop lagaaya, jinhone unhein turant giraaya thaa. halanki, kuchh vidvaanon ney kahaa haye kii yeh kewal raajaa ashur-bell-kaalaa (aar. 1074-1056) kii iss baat key thhos saboot hain kii fleeing aur impling jaisi sajaaen upayog mein aaeen. madhya assyrian kaal seey, anya prakaar key kathit apraadhon key saapeksh sajaa key roop mein suulii key baare mein bhee saboot hain. otto schroeder dwara khoje gaye aur samjhaaye gaye kaanoon key code mein garbhpaat key khilaf nimnalikhit nishedhagya isake paragraph 51 mein shamil haih
acamenid persia.
yunani itihaaskaar herodotus bataate hain kii jaba faras key raajaa darius pratham ney babylone parr vijay praapt kii, tou unhone 3000 babyloniyon koo fansi parr latka diyaa. behistun shilalekh mein, darius khud apane dushmanon koo fansi parr latkaane kaa daavaa kartaa haye. darius usa krurta key baare mein garv seey bolata haye jisake saath inn vidrohon koo dabaaya gayaa thaa. babylone mein nidintu-bell koo usake 49 sathiyon key saath suulii parr latka diyaa gayaa thaah
522 eesaa poorv mein fraortis ney ghoshana kii kii vaha madhya raajaa cyceress key vanshaj they aur simhaasan parr baithe, unhone media kii rajdhani ekbatana koo jabt curr liya aur akamen vaale juay key khilaf vidroh kiya, iss vidroh koo faras key raajaa darius dwara dabaa diyaa gayaa aur fraortis koo pakad liya gayaa aur fansi parr latka diyaa gayaah
bibil key sakshya.
5veen shatabdi eesaa poorv key farsi mantri hummon aur unake duss beton key bhaagya key baare mein esther kii pustak mein ack bible ansh koo alag-alag anuvaadakon dwara alag-alag tareeke seey vyavhaar kiya gayaa haye, jisase yeh aspashtata paida hoe gaee haye kii unhein fansi dee gaee thee yaa naheen. iss ansh mein bataaya gayaa haye kii haman ney samrajya key sabhi yahoodiyon koo maarne kii sajish rachee thee, lekin usaki yojana whiffle hoe gaee thee, aur usey vaha sajaa dee gaee thee joe usane mordkai koo dene key baare mein socha thaa. esther 5hah14 key angreji maanak sanskaran mein ise "latkaanaa" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, jabaki nae antarrashtriya paathak key sanskaran mein "impelment" kaa vikalp chunaa gayaa haye.
sahayak vigyaani paul ney apane 1908 key nibandh "esther parr aalochanatmak tippaniyon" mein impelment kaa vikalp chunaa, jabaki benjamin shau ney website ligonier parr vishay kii ack vistaarit charcha kii haye.2012 seey org.
bible key anya anshon mein suulii key abhyaas kaa sanket diyaa jaa sakata haye, jaise kii 2 saimuel 21:9, joe saul key putron key bhaagya key baare mein haye, jahan kuchh angreji anuvaad "suulii" kriya kaa upayog karate hain, lekin anya "latkaane" kaa upayog karate hain.
haalaanki hamaare paas iss baat key liye nirnaayak saboot kii kamee haye kii kyaa hebru kaanoon ney suulii lagaane kii anumati dee haye, yaa fansi dene key liye (chaahe vaha nishpaadan key ack tareeke key roop mein yaa shav key pradarshan key liye), suulii lagaane kii nava-assyrian vidhi jaisa kii nakkashi mein dekhaa jaataa haye, shayed, samaan roop seey aasaani seey ack poul parr "latakane" key roop key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, naa kii shareer key vaastavik "pravesh" parr dhyaan kendrit karane key bajaay.
rome.
johnn granger cook, 2014 seh "shart" impelment key liye upayog kii jaane vaali vastu key liye seneka kaa shabd haye. yeh kathaa aur unakaa "ee. pee". 14.5 lattin granthon mein abhishapt karane key kewal dou spasht paathiya sandarbh hainh"
europe.
pargaman impelment.
pavitra roman samrajya key bheetar, 1532 key samvidhaanik aparaadhi carolina key anuchhed 131 mein, shishu hatyaa kii doshi mahilaaon key liye nimnalikhit sajaa dee gaee thee. aam taur parr, unhein dubaya jaanaa chaahiye, lekin kaanoon sanhita ney vishesh roop seey gambhir mamalon mein, purani sajaa koo lagu karane kii anumati dee. yaani, mahila koo jinda dafnaya jaayega, aur phir usake dill mein ack daanv lagaaya jaayega. isi tarah, vyabhichaar key doshi paae jaane vaale logon key liye ack praarambhik nishpaadan vidhi key roop mein jeevit dafanaane, transversal impelment key saath sanyukt roop seey pramaanit kiya jaataa haye. 1348 key zvikaau key kaanoonon ney ack vyabhichaari jode koo nimnalikhit tareeke seey sajaa dene kii anumati deeh unhein ack kabr mein ack dusare key oopar rakhaa jaanaa thaa, unake beach kaante kii ack parat thee. taba, unake madhyam seey ack hissedari koo hathauda banaaya jaanaa thaa. bohemian khanan shahar jihlawa (taba aur german iglau) key liye 13veen shatabdi key adhyadesh mein ack siddh purush vyabhichaari key liye suulii parr chadhaane kii samaan sajaa kaa ullekh kiya gayaa haye, jabaki 1340 key vienna kaanoon mein, vyabhichaar mein "jhande mein" pakadi gaee mahila kaa pati, yadi vaha chaahata haye, tou apani patni aur usake premi koo suulii parr chadhaane kii maang curr sakata haye, yaa vaikalpik roop seey maudrik kshatipurti kii maang curr sakata haye. kabhi-kabhi, jaadoo-tona karane vaali mahilaaon koo fansi parr latkaane kii ninda kii jaati haye. 1587 mein, 101 varsheeya sunde bohlen koo ack chudail key roop mein ninda kiye jaane parr, jeevit dafnaya gayaa thaa, aur baad mein usake dill mein ack daanv lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
kunwari aur bachchon key balatkariyon koo bhee jeevit dafnaya gayaa haye, unake madhyam seey ack daanv key saath. aisee hii ack nyaayik parampara mein, balatkari koo ack khuli kabr mein rakhaa jaanaa thaa, aur balatkar peedit koo khud koo teen pahale stroke karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa; phir fansi dene vaale suulii kii prakriya koo samaapt karate hain. ack bachche key saath chhedchhaad karane vaale key bhaagya key udaaharan key roop mein, agast 1465 mein zurich, switzerland mein, ulrich moser koo chaar seey nau saal kii umr kii chhah ladkiyon kaa yaun ullanghan karane key liye fansi parr latkaane kii ninda kii gaee thee. usake kapade utaar diye gaye aur usey peeth parr rakh diyaa gayaa. unaki baahon aur pairon koo faila diyaa gayaa thaa, pratyek ack poul taka surakshit thaa. phir ack daanv koo usaki naabhi key madhyam seey jameen mein neeche dhakel diyaa gayaa. isake baad logon ney usey marane key liye chhod diyaa.
anudairdhya abhikshep.
anudairdhya" suulii key mamle aamtaur parr yuddh key sandarbh mein yaa dakaiti key liye sajaa key roop mein hotey hain, baad vaale koo madhya aur purvi europe mein pratha key roop mein pramaanit kiya jaataa haye. 1419 mein praag key vighatan key dauran, husites ney raajaa key liye parshadon koo pike parr latka diyaa.
dushman key saath sahyog karane key aaropi vyaktiyon koo, avsar parr, fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa haye. 1632 mein tees saal key yuddh key dauran, german adhikaari futch koo sweeden mein dalbadal key sandeh mein fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa, isi tarah ack swedish corporal koo germans mein dalbadal karane kii koshish karane key liye bhee fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa. sweeden ney scanyon yuddh (1675-1679) key dauran iss pratha koo jaari rakhaa, vishesh roop seey palayan karane vaalon aur gaddaron key roop mein maane jaane vaale logon key mamle mein. 1654 mein, crate mein venis kii senaa kii ottoman gherabandi key tahat, gherabandi kiye gaye logon koo praavdhaanon kii aapoorti key liye kaee kisaanon koo fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa. isi tarah 1685 mein, kuchh isaaiyon koo hungarians dwara turkon koo aapoorti pradaan karane key liye fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa.
1677 mein, ack vishesh roop seey kroor german general copes ney pavitra roman samrat leopold I kii senaaon kaa netritva kiya, joe turkon dwara prabhutva banaane key bajaay germans dwara prabhutva banaae rakhna chaahte they, aur apane hangerian vishayon/virodhiyon koo girana aur unhein chautarafa karna shuru curr diyaa. hangerian paksh key ack virodhi general ney, shaahi sainikon koo jeevit karke, aur kille kii divaaron mein lohe key nukile hook lagaakar, jiss parr usane pakade gaye germans koo fansi parr latka diyaa, pratikriya dee. anta mein, samrat leopold aaee key paas aapsi raktapaat kaa paryaapt hissa thaa, aur shatruta kii aavashyak samaapti sthaapit karane key liye copes koo nirvaasit curr diyaa. hegg (1720) kii sandhi key baad, sisili habsberg shasson key tahat aaa gayaa, lekin sthaaniya logon ney german adhipatiyon kaa gahara virodh kiya. ack paadari (jisane apane paadari koo germans koo maarne key liye protsaahit kiya) key baare mein kahaa jaataa haye kii jaba ack german sanic usake gaanv mein aaya tou vaha khushi seey toot gayaa, yeh kahate hue kii usane aakhiri baar ack german koo maar daala thaa aur sanic koo usake ghode seey goli maar dee thee. baad mein pujari koo fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa. austriyai aur hangerian key khilaf 1784 key alpakaalik horey vidroh mein, vidrohiyon ney dou adhikaariyon koo pakad liya, jinhen unhone turant fansi parr latka diyaa. unake paksh mein, shaahi sainikon ney horey key 13 varsheeya bete koo pakad liya, aur usey fansi parr latka diyaa. aisaa lagata haye kii isane kewal vidrohi netaa key dridh sankalp koo bhadka diyaa haye, halanki isake turant baad vidroh koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1785 kii shuruat mein vidroh koo kuchalane key baad, lagbhag 150 vidrohiyon koo fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa.
1748 key baad seey, german resiments ney hangri/croatia mein "luteron" parr maanav shikaar kaa ayojan kiya, joe pakade gaye they.
jaghany hatyaron.
kabhi-kabhi, vyaktigat hatyaron koo itna jaghany maanaa jaataa thaa kii sir kalam karane yaa pahiye parr tootane jaise maanak dund koo unake apraadhon key anuroop naheen maanaa jaataa thaa, aur fansi key vistaarit anushthaanon koo taiyar kiya jaataa thaa jisamen impelment shamil hoe sakata thaa. ack udaaharan haye pavel vaasaanski (german pratilekh mein paul vaasaanski), jise 1 march 1570 koo vartamaan check ganarajya mein evansis mein 124 hatyaon key liye fansi dee gaee thee (vaha ack ghoomata huaa rajmargkarmi thaa). unhone vishesh roop seey ack kathin nishpaadan prakriya seey gujaranaah pahale, unake angon koo kaat diyaa gayaa aur unake nippal koo chamakate hue pinsar seey faad diyaa gayaa; phir unhein chamada diyaa gayaa, suulii parr latka diyaa gayaa aur anta mein unhein jeevit bhunaa gayaa. ack parcha joe vanski key maukhik sweekaarokti koo dene kaa uddeshya rakhta haye, yeh darj naheen kartaa haye kii usey kaise pakada gayaa thaa, aur naa hii usake sweekaarokti koo nikaalane key liye yaatana key kiss saadhan kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
jaghany hatyaron" key aise anya vivaran jinamen suulii chadhaana ack pramukh tatva haye, unamen 1504 aur 1519 mein mamle shamil hain, hatyare koo 1575 mein tees logon kii hatyaa key liye fansi dee gaee, jisamen chhah garbhavati mahilaaen shamil hain jinake ajanme bachche unhone adrishyata praapt karane kii ummeed mein khaae they, 1600 mein puppenheimer parivaar key pramukh, aur 1615 mein breslau mein ack anaam hatyare koo fansi dee gaee thee, jisane yaatana key tahat aagajani dwara hatyaa key 96 krityon koo sweekaar kiya thaa.
impeller koo vaanld karein.
15veen shatabdi key dauran, walchia key rajkumar, vlad III ("dracula") koo madhyayugeen kaal key anta mein nishpaadan kii iss vidhi koo pasand karane vaale pahale ullekhaniya vyakti key roop mein shreya diyaa jaataa haye, aur way isake udaar rojgar key liye itane kukhyaat hoe gaye kii unake kaee upnaamon mein seey unhein vlad dha impeller key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. anath honey, vishvaasghaat karane, nirvaasan mein majboor honey aur apane dushmanon dwara peechha kiye jaane key baad, unhone 1456 mein walchia parr phir seey niyantran curr liya. unhone apane dushmanon key saath kathorta seey vyavhaar kiya, vishesh roop seey una logon key saath jinhone ateet mein apane parivaar koo dhokha diyaa thaa, yaa walchia key durbhagya seey laabh uthaaya thaa. haalaanki vibhinn tarikon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, lekin vaha apane suulii key upayog seey sabse adhik judaa huaa haye. mrityudand kaa udaar upayog antatah saxon basane vaalon, ack pratidvandi kabile key sadasyon aur unake kshetra mein apraadhiyon taka badhaaya gayaa thaa, chaahe way boyar kuleen varg key sadasya houn yaa kisan, aur antatah unaki praja mein seey kissy koo bhee joe unhein aprasann kartaa thaa. aakramankari ottoman turkon key khilaf kaee abhiyaanon key baad, vlad ney kabhi bhee apane yuddh key kaidiyon parr dayaa naheen dikhaai. juuna 1462 key madhya mein vladtepe key raat key hamale key baad ottoman sultan kii hatyaa karane mein whiffle rhaa, vlad kii riyasat walchia kii rajdhani targovite kii sadak antatah 20,000 suulii aur kshayakaari laashon key "jangal" mein doob gaee, aur yeh bataaya gayaa haye kii 1462 mein mehermet II kii turkon kii aakramankari senaa danube nadee key kinare hajaaron suulii laashon kaa saamana karane key baad sthir logon key paas vaapas aaa gaee. usa yug key lakadi key tukade key nishan unake peediton koo saamane yaa prishthiya yaa malashay key impelment vidhi seey suulii parr latakaae hue chitrit karate hain jisamen ack lakadi yaa dhaatu kaa khambha hotaa haye jise shareer key madhyam seey saamane seey peechhe, yaa urdhvaadhar roop seey, malashay yaa yoni key madhyam seey daala jaataa haye. baahar nikalane kaa ghaav peedit kii gardan, kandhe yaa munh key paas hoe sakata haye.
polish-lithuanian rashtramandal.
polland ganarajya kii dakshin-purvi seemaon parr suulii chadhaane kaa abhyaas kiya jaataa thaa. yeh sajaa una kisaanon parr lagu kii gaee thee jinhone apane prabhuon key khilaf vidroh kiya thaa, lekin kuleen varg key liye bhee. ukraine mein kaee cosack vidroh hue (udaaharan key liye severin nalivaiko) jinhen khambhon ney kuchal diyaa thaa. way aksar samajik prakriti key asantosh koo vyakt karate they (see. aff. haidamakon" kaa samajik vidroh) jaise kii swatantra ukraini kisaanon koo polish prabhuon key adheen karna jinhone apane liye badee sampattiyan banaai theen.sabse mahatvapurna vidroh bohan chimilniki-khamelnitsky kaa thaa. khambhon aur yahoodiyon key prati ghrina cosack senaaon key paar karane key dauran kiye gaye narsamhaaron kii utpatti parr thee. iss aapada kii pratidhvani paschimi europe key yahudi vyapariyon key madhyam seey pahunchi aur abhee bhee hasid geeton mein maujood hain. humm volhinia key mahaan swami, "niaz" (rajkumar) jeremi vishnoviki kii chhoti senaa kii kahani jaanate hain, jinhone uttar seey pravesh karate hue, bohan khameltsky kii senaaon koo kshan bhar key liye peechhe hataa diyaa aur kaee yahoodiyon koo bachaaya. rajkumar, ack garib rannitikar, jaisa kii pavel jassianica likhate hain, apane samkaaleenon kii raay kaa paalan karate hue, vidrohi kisaanon key prati apani krurta key liye khud koo jaanaa jaataa haye, jinhen bandee banaa liya gayaa thaa (sir kalam, nagaron aur gaanvon key chaurahon mein fansi aur angdan) lekin yeh kewal cossack pramukh maxim crivonis (nez crooked) dwara kuleen kaidiyon parr kiye gaye krityon kaa jawab thaa.
podhale mein kisan vidroh key netaa alexander kostka-nepiersky koo 1651 mein ack daanv parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa.
curnell aur aataman sukharuka, upanyaas aur film mein ack cossack doot "aag aur talwar key saath", aur donnet, ack cossack curnell, horpina key bhaai koo iss dund kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. yeh jessack komuda key upanyaas "bohan" key naayak, cossack bandurist taras veresaj key saath bhee huaa.
sabse prasiddh polish filmon mein seey ack jahaan iss sajaa kaa nishpaadan dekhaa jaa sakata haye, vaha haye film "paine volodizovsky" (aur tv shrinkhala "prizigodi paanaa micha, mister michael key romanch"), jisaki patkatha heinrich sienkiviz dwara "trayi" parr adharit thee. azza tuhaj-bezoviz koo paine volodizovsky mein rashtramandal koo dhokha dene key liye iss sajaa key adheen kiya gayaa thaa. shree mein nishpaadan kii vidhi. volodizovsky jedraje kitoviz key varnan seey alag thaa; doshi apani peeth parr bandha huaa thaa, naa kii usake pett parr (jaisa kii gederges kitoviz mein).
ottoman samrajya.
anudairdhya abhikshep ack nishpaadan vidhi haye jise aksar ottoman samrajya key bheetar pramaanit kiya jaataa haye, vibhinn prakaar key apraadhon key liye, yeh jyaadaatar dusaron key liye ack chetavani yaa bhaya key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa.
nirantar logon kii gherabandi.
ottoman samrajya ney 1453 mein sthir logon kii antim gherabandi key dauran aur usase pahale, 1452 mein, sultan ney ghoshana kii kii phosphorus key madhyam seey oopar yaa neeche jaane vaale sabhi jahaajon koo nireekshan key liye apane kille mein lunger dalna hoga. ack venis kaptan, antonio rizo ney pratibandh kii avahelana karane kii koshish kii, lekin unake jahaaj parr ack tope kaa golaa maaraa gayaa. usey aur usake chaalak dall koo paani seey uthaaya gayaa, chaalak dall key sadasyon kaa sir kalam karane key liye (yaa nicolo barbaro key anusaar unhein neeche fenk diyaa gayaa), jabaki rizo koo fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa. maee 1453 mein gherabandi key shuruati dinon mein, ottoman senaa key dalon ney chikitsa aur adhyayan jaise chhote kilebandi mein mop-upp operation kiye. aatmasamarpan karane vaale sainikon, pratyek sthaan key lagbhag 40 vyaktiyon koo fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa.
nagrik aparaadh.
ottoman samrajya key bheetar, kuchh nagrik aparaadh (vidrohi gatividhi/rajdrohpurna vyavhaar key bajaay), jaise kii rajmarg dakaiti, koo suulii seey dandit kiya jaa sakata haye. kuchh avadhiyon key liye, nagrik apraadhon key liye fansi kaa daavaa ottoman samrajya mein durlabh thaa. 1699 seey 1713 taka 14 saal taka iss kshetra mein rahey aur daavaa kiya kii unhone usa samay key dauran lagaatar bees choron key baare mein naheen sunaa thaa. jahaan taka rajmarg luteron kaa sawal haye, jinhen nishchit roop seey fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa, tou unhone vahaan apane nivaas key dauran kewal 6 aise mamalon key baare mein sunaa. 1740 seey 1754 taka aleppo mein rahane key baad, alekjendar russell ney nott kiya kii pichhale 20 varshon mein, vahaan "aadhe darjan" seey adhik saarvajanik nishpaadan naheen they. 1650 key dashak key anta mein ottoman samrajya aur misra jaise isake kshetron mein yatra karate hue, jeane dee thevenot, impelment aavritti mein "kshetriya" bhinnataon parr jore detaa haye. constinople aur turkey key baare mein, dee thevenot likhate hain kii impelment "bahut adhik abhyaas naheen kiya jaataa thaa" aur "bahut cumm abhyaas mein rakhaa jaataa thaa."ack apavaad jise unhone ujagar kiya vaha thaa constantinople mein isaaiyon kii sthiti. yadi koee isai "mahomat key kaanoon" key khilaf bolata haye yaa kaarravaai kartaa haye, yaa kissy turkey mahila key saath sambandh banaata haye, yaa masjid mein ghus jaataa haye, tou usey taba taka yaatana kaa saamana karna parh sakata haye jaba taka kii vaha islam mein parivartit naheen hoe jaataa. isake vipareet, dee thevenot kaa kahana haye kii misra mein angdan vahaan key arabon key khilaf ack "bahut hii samanya sajaa" thee, jabaki misra mein turkon koo mool nivaasiyon kii tarah saarvajanik roop seey fansi diye jaane key bajaay jail mein galaa ghontkar maar diyaa gayaa thaa. iss prakaar, ottoman samrajya key bheetar suulii kii vaastavik aavritti naa kewal samay-samay parr, balki ack sthaan seey dusare sthaan parr aur samrajya mein vibhinn jansankhya samoohon key beach bhee bahut bhinn thee.
rajmarg luteron koo abhee bhee 1830 key dashak mein fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin ack srot kaa kahana haye kii taba taka yeh pratha durlabh thee. 1843 mein smirna aur constantinople kii yatra karate hue, stephen masset koo ack vyakti dwara bataaya gayaa thaa joe iss ghatana koo dekhta thaa kii "kuchh saal pahale", ack darjan yaa usase adhik luteron koo adrianople parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, una sabhi kaa galaa ghontkar hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. 1850 key aspas likhate hue, puraatatvavid austen heinry layered ney ullekh kiya haye kii navintam mamla joe vaha baghdad mein chaar vidrohi arab sheikhon parr huaa thaa, usase "lagbhag duss saal pahale" parichit thaa.
rajmarg luteron key bajaay "samudri dakuon" koo bhee kabhi-kabhi giraaya jaataa haye. octuber 1767 mein hassan bey, jinhone kaee varshon taka uxine samudra mein turkey jahaajon kaa shikaar kiya thaa, koo pakad liya gayaa aur fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa, bhale hii unhone apani kshama key liye 500,000 ducat kii peshkash kii thee.
grees mein cleft aur vidrohi.
yunan key ottoman shasson key dauran, kisan aabaadi mein aatank failaane key uddeshya seey, suulii manovaigyaanik yuddh kaa ack mahatvapurna upkaran bunn gayaa. 18veen shatabdi taka, yunani daku gurilla vidrohiyon (jinhen "clefts" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) mein badal gaye, ottoman sarkaar key liye ack badhati hui narazgi bunn gaee. kabja kiye gaye clefts koo aksar fansi parr latka diyaa jaataa thaa, jaisa kii kisan they joe unhein sharan dete they yaa unaki sahaayata karate they. peediton koo saarvajanik roop seey fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa aur atyadhik drishyamaan sthaanon parr rakhaa gayaa, aur kaee gaanvon parr iska ichchit prabhaav padaa, jinhone naa kewal cleft kii madad karane seey incar curr diyaa, balki unhein adhikaariyon key havaale bhee curr diyaa. ottoman 1805 aur 1806 mein inn vidrohiyon koo pakadane key liye sakriya abhiyaanon mein lagey hue they, aur way apane avaidh deshvaasiyon kii khoj mein, daanv seey bachane key liye utsuk yunani graminon koo shamil karane mein saksham they.
iss avsar parr, aag lagaane key saath, latkaaya gayaa angushth thook key roop mein kaam curr rhaa thaa, taaki latkaaya gayaa peedit jeevit bhoon sakey. anya gambhirtaon key beach, allie paasha, ack albanian mool key ottoman kuleen, jinhone ionina parr shasson kiya, key paas vidrohi, aparaadhi they, aur yahaan taka kii una logon key vanshaj bhee they jinhone ateet mein una parr yaa unake parivaar parr anyaay kiya thaa, jinhen fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa aur jeevit bhunaa gayaa thaa. thomas smart galey lagaata haye, 1812-13 mein grees aur albania kaa daura kartaa haye, joe ionina mein apane rahane key baare mein nimnalikhit kahata haih
swatantrata key yunani yuddh (1821-1832) key dauran, yunani krantikariyon aur nagrikon koo yaatana dee gaee aur unhein fansi dee gaee. ack german gawah ney nirantar logon key narsamhar (aprail 1821) kaa varnan kiya haye kii turkey bheed ney lagbhag 65 yoonaniyon koo fansi parr latka diyaa thaa. aprail 1821 mein, zaante (zakinthos) key aayaniya dweep key tees yoonaniyon koo paatron mein fansi dee gaee thee. yeh francisi vanijya doot huges paukavil kii diarry mein darj kiya gayaa thaa aur unake bhaai francois paukavil dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. 
ethanasios diacos, ack cleft aur baad mein ack vidrohi sainya commander, koo thermopylae key paas almana (1821) kii ladaai key baad pakad liya gayaa thaa, aur islam mein parivartit honey aur ottoman senaa mein shamil honey seey incar karane key baad, usey fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa. diacos yunani swatantrata key liye shaheed hoe gayaa aur baad mein usey rashtriya naayak key roop mein sammaanit kiya gayaa. gair-ladaakoo yunani (bujurg, bhikshu, mahilaaen aadi).) kranti key pahale varsh (1821) key dauran athens key aspas latakaae gaye they.
ottoman samrajya mein kaheen aur vidrohi.
kathit vidrohiyon koo samrajya key anya hisson mein bhee fansi denaa ack pramaanit pratha thee, jaise kii 1809 mein bosnian vidroh koo dabana, aur ottoman samrajya key khilaf serbian kranti (1804-1835) key dauran, 1814 mein lagbhag 200 sarbon koo belgrade mein fansi dee gaee thee. itihaaskaar james jey. raid ney apane "ottoman samrajya key sankatah patan kii poorvasoochana" mein baad mein upayog key kaee udaharanon koo nott kiya, vishesh roop seey sankat key samay mein, sainya commanders dwara adesh diyaa gayaa (yadi naheen, tou seedhe sultan key adhikaar vaale sarvocch pradhikaran dwara adesh diyaa gayaa). unhone vidrohon key dauran (dakaiti key mamalon key bajaay), jaise kii 1852 key bosnian vidroh, 1866-69 key crayton vidroh key dauran, aur 1876-77 mein bosnia aur herzegovina mein vidroh key dauran, fansi key baad key udaharanon koo nott kiya. 
nobel puraskar vijeta upanyaas "dha brij onn dha drina" mein, ivo andric dwara, teesare adhyaay mein ack bosnian serb key suulii parr chadhaae jaane kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye, joe pull key nirmaan koo baadhit karane kii koshish curr rhaa thaa.
armenian narsamhar.
1915-1923 key armenian narsamhar seey bache aurora merdignian ney kahaa kii usa narsamhar mein ladkiyon koo suulii parr chadhaane kaa istemal kiya gayaa thaa.
uttar-paschimi faras mein tabah isai gaanvon kaa daura karane vaale ack russie paadari ney daavaa kiya kii usey kaee logon key avashesh mille hain. unhone likhaah "kuchh udaharanon mein shav itane dridhata seey sthir they kii daanv koo vaapas naheen liya jaa sakata thaa; unhein bund karna aur peediton koo dafnana aavashyak thaa jaise way they."