
vaakya-samarthak

ack samarthak vaakya ack vaakya haye jahan vishay sarvanam koo hataa diyaa gayaa haye aur isaliye vaakya mein ack shoonya vishay haye.
avalokan.
iss mapdand key bheetar bhaashaaen bhinn hoti hain, kuchh bhaashaon jaise kii italvi aur spanish mein nirantar pro-drop, finish aur hibru hain, udaaharan key liye aanshik pro-drop bhaashaaen hain aur japani aur tamil pravachan yaa kattarpanthi pro-drop bhaashaon kii shreni mein aatee hain. angreji, german aur swedish jaisi bhaashaaen bhee hain joe kewal bahut sakht shaileegat paristhitiyon key bheetar pro-drop kii anumati detee hain. ack samarthak vaakya ack prakaar kaa samarthak roop haye aur isaliye anaphoric haye.
angreji mein, "haan", "naheen" aur "thheek haye" aam samarthak vaakya hain. iss sawal key jawab mein "kyaa mangal grah key dou chandrama hain?"," haan "vaakya koo sankshep mein" mangal key dou chandrama hotey hain "key roop mein samajha jaa sakata haye."
samarthak vaakyon koo kabhi-kabhi vyaakaranik antarveshan key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye, kyonki way bahut seemit vakyatmak sambandhon mein saksham hotey hain. lekin unhein bhaashan key ack alag hisse key roop mein bhee vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye, yeh dekhate hue kii (anya) antahkshepon key apane arth hain aur aksar bhaavanaon yaa bhaavanaon key abhivyaktiyon key roop mein varnit kiye jaate hain.
haan aur naheen.
kuchh bhaashaon mein, "haan" aur "naheen" key samkaksh naa kewal ack poore vaakya koo pratisthaapit curr sakate hain, balki iska ack hissa, yaa tou vishay aur kriya, yaa kriya aur poorak, aur ack adheenasth khand kaa gathan bhee curr sakate hain.
purtagaali shabd "sima" ("haan") ack achchha udaaharan detaa haih
kuchh bhaashaon mein, jaise kii angreji mein, "haan" ack nakaratmak prashn kaa khandan kartaa haye, jabaki "naheen" isaki pushti kartaa haye. haalaanki, japani mein, "naheen" ("iie", "uun", "(i) ya") key samkaksh ack nakaratmak prashn kaa khandan karate hain, jabaki "haan" ("haye", "ee", "unn") key samkaksh isaki pushti karate hain.
kuchh bhaashaon mein ack vishisht shabd hotaa haye joe ack nakaratmak prashn kaa khandan kartaa haye. german mein "dotch" haye; french mein "see" haye; norwegian, dennish aur swedish mein "joe" haye, hangerian mein "dee" haye. angreji shabd "haan" aur "naheen" kaa upayog mool roop seey kewal nakaratmak prashnon kaa uttar dene key liye kiya jaataa thaa, jabaki "haan" aur "naheen" sakaratmak prashnon key liye uchit pratikriyaaen theen; yeh antar praarambhik aadhunik angreji mein kuchh samay mein khou gayaa thaa. 
darshan mein.
dorothy grover, nuel bellnap aur joseph camp dwara vikasit satya key procentantial siddhant, aur haal hii mein robbert brandom dwara bachaav kiya gayaa, yeh maanata haye kii "pee" jaise vaakya sach haye aur "yeh sach haye kii pee" koo vaakya "pee" key gunon key roop mein naheen samajha jaanaa chaahiye, lekin ack samarthak vaakya key roop mein jisaki samagri "pee" key samaan haye."brandom coll". . .yeh sach haye "ack samarthak vaakya-nirmaan sanchaalak.