dhokhadhadi seey aarthik laabh praapt karna

dhokhadhadi dwara aarthik laabh praapt karna pahale ingland aur wells aur uttari ireland mein ack vaidhaanik aparaadh thaa. dhokhadhadi adhiniyam 2006 dwara dhokhadhadi key adhik samanya aparaadh key saath ise badal diyaa gayaa thaa. aparaadh abhee bhee kuchh anya samanya kaanoon kshetradhikaron mein maujood haye jinhone angreji aaparaadhik model kii nakal kii haye.
ingland aur wells.
kaanoon.
aparaadh chori adhiniyam 1968 kii dhaara 16 dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. isake nirsan key samay yeh likhaa thaah
iss aparaadh ney rinadaata adhiniyam 1869 kii dhaara 13 (1) key vipareet dhokhadhadi dwara rinn praapt karane key aparaadh koo pratisthaapit curr diyaa.
actus reus key tatva dhokhadhadi dwara sampatti praapt karane key aparaadh key samaan hainh
aarthik laabh praapt karna. 16 (2).
aarthik laabh" abhivyakti koo dhaara 16 (2) dwara paribhaashit kiya gayaa thaa. paribhasha "ananya" thee.
dhaara 16 (2) (aeye).
dhaara 16 (2) (aeye) mein likhaa haih
saarvajanik abhiyojan banaam turner [1974] assie 537, [1973] 3 wlr 352,117 esje 664, [1973] 3 sabhi 124,57 karod aip aar 932, [1974] crim lr 186, hl, upa naam aar vee turner [1973] 1 wlr 653 koo ulatate hue dekhein.
aar vee roil mein, lord admond-davis ney ise "ack nyaayik duhswapna" key roop mein varnit kiya. ise chori adhiniyam 1978 kii dhaara 5 (5) dwara nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
dhaara 16 (2) (bee).
dhaara 16 (2) (bee) "mahanagar pulis aayukt banaam charles" (jiska varnan lekh dhokhadhadi (aaparaadhik kaanoon) mein kiya gayaa haye) kii sthiti koo shamil kartaa haye, jahaan card dwara samarthit check likhane seey ack anadhikrit overdraft praapt hotaa haye, bhale hii dhokhadhadi check sweekaar karane vaale vyakti key dimag parr kaam karati haye, naa kii baink adhikaari key dimag parr. adhikansh mamalon mein, rinn denaa machine-adharit hoe sakata haye, jisamen ack baink adhikaari koo kewal tabhi diyaa jaataa haye jaba badee raashi shamil hoti haye. jahaan aarthik laabh ack baink mein ack overdraft suvidha praapt karna haye, kewal yeh dikhaana aavashyak haye kii suvidha pradaan kii gaee thee, naa kii prativaadi ney vaastav mein suvidha kaa upayog kiya thaa.
"beema yaa vaarshiki anubandh kii policy.
isamen ack neeti yaa anubandh shamil thaa joe dhokhadhadi seey prerit galati key kaaran amaanya thaa.
nimnalikhit mamalon koo dekhein -
dhaara 16 (2) (see).
dhaara 16 (2) (see) spasht roop seey una logon koo shamil karati haye joe yogyata honey kaa daavaa karate hain joe vaastav mein galat hain, aur inn yogyataon key kaaran way niyojit hain. isake alawa, "aar vee calender" key anusaar, jahaan ack swa-niyojit lekhakar ney dhokhadhadi kii thee, iss khand koo ack swatantra thekedaar key roop mein rojgar aur ack naukar key roop mein rojgar key liye samaan roop seey lagu karane key liye aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. yadi bhugtan karane seey pahale dhokhadhadi kaa pataa chalaa haye tou prativaadi parr dhaara 16 key tahat aarop lagaaya jaataa haye. isake baad, prativaadi ney dhaara 15 key tahat bhugtan praapt curr liya haye. sattebaji kii dukaanon key roop mein, yadi prativaadi ghode kii daud shuru honey seey thheek pahale dukaan mein jaataa haye, tou daanv lagaata haye aur bahut dheere-dheere hissedari key paise koo ginana shuru curr detaa haye kyonki tippani ghodon kii pragati koo rille karati haye, jeetane kaa avsar praapt hoe gayaa haye aur prativaadi koo doshi thaharaaya jaa sakata haye yadi way paise uthaate hain aur jaba yeh spasht hoe jaataa haye kii naamit ghodaa naheen jeetega.
nimnalikhit mamalon koo dekhein -
dhokhadhadi adhiniyam 2006 kii anusuchi 3 dwara 15 janwari 2007 koo dhaara 16 koo nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
"purushon kaa reeya".
iss aparaadh key purush siddhant key dou tatva hainh
lekin sthaayi roop seey vanchit karane kaa irada saabit karane kii koee aavashyakta naheen haye.
nigamon dwara apraadhon key liye daayitva.
chori adhiniyam 1968 kii dhaara 18 dhaara 16 key sambandh mein lagu hoti haye.
pareekshan kaa tarika.
1968 seey 1977 taka mukadame key tareeke key baare mein, magistrate adalat adhiniyam 1952 kii anusuchi 1 key anuchhed 11 koo dekhein (jaisa kii chori adhiniyam 1968 kii dhaara 29 (2) dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye)
1977 seey, dhokhe seey aarthik laabh praapt karna kissy bhee tarah seey pareekshan yogya thaa.
uttari ireland.
yeh aparaadh chori adhiniyam (uttari ireland) 1969 kii dhaara 16 dwara banaaya gayaa thaa.
dhaara 16 (2) (aeye) koo chori (uttari ireland) adesh 1978 (aiss) key anuchhed 7 (4) dwara nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.aaee. 1978/1407 (n.aaee. 23).
dhaara 16 koo 15 janwari 2007 koo dhokhadhadi adhiniyam 2006 kii anusuchi 1 kii dhaara 14 (1) aur 15 (1) (4) aur anusuchi 1 key anuchhed 1 (see) (3) aur anusuchi 3 dwara nirast kiya gayaa thaa. nirsan usa adhiniyam kii anusuchi 2 key anuchhed 3 mein nihit sankramankalin praavdhaanon aur bachat key adheen thaa.
daura karane vaali senaayen.
yeh aparaadh agantuk bull adhiniyam 1952 kii dhaara 3 key uddeshyon key liye sampatti key khilaf ack aparaadh thaa.

