
pandubbi yuddh

pandubbi yuddh paani key neeche yuddh key chaar prabhagon mein seey ack haye, anya pandubbi virodhi yuddh, khadaan yuddh aur khadaan jawabi upaay hain.
pandubbi yuddh mein mukhya roop seey deejal aur paramanu pandubbiyon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye jisamen torpedo, missile yaa paramanu hathiyar, saath hii saath anya pandubbiyon, jahaajon yaa bhoomi lakshyon parr hamla karane key liye unnat samvedan upkaran shamil hotey hain. pandubbiyon kaa upayog vishesh balon kii tohi aur landing key saath-saath pratirodh key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. kuchh nausenaon mein unakaa upayog kaary bull kii jaanch key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. pandubbi yuddh kii prabhavsheelta aanshik roop seey pratikriya mein kiye gaye pandubbi-rodhi yuddh parr nirbhar karati haye.
americi kranti.
ack pandubbi dwara pahala hamla 8 sitambar, 1776 koo americi pandubbi "kachhue" dwara british yuddhapot "eagle" parr ack asafal hamale mein huaa thaa."
americi grihyuddh.
pandubbi yuddh kaa yug americi grihyuddh key dauran shuru huaa. 1860 kaa dashak nausena yuddh key sandarbh mein kaee mahatvapurna modon kaa samay thaa. sanyukt raajya america aur sangh raajya nausenaon mein upayog key liye kaee nae prakaar key yuddhapot vikasit kiye jaa rahey they. pandubbi jalyan nava nirmit jahaajon mein seey they. ack pandubbi dwara ack dushman key jahaaj kaa pahala dubna 17 farwari 1864 koo huaa, jaba ack niji pandubbi, parisangh kii pandubbi ney dakshin carolina key charleston bandargah mein sloop koo dubo diyaa. halanki, kuchh hii samay baad, "aich. ell. hunley "doob gaee, usake poore aathh chaalak dall key nuksan key saath.
pratham vishva yuddh.
pratham vishva yuddh mein pandubbi yuddh mukhya roop seey german aur austriya-hangerian yuu-naukaaon key beach ack ladaai thee aur sanyukt raajya, france aur roose key liye baadhya kafile kii aapoorti karati thee. british aur sambaddh pandubbiyon ney atlantic mahasagar key saath baltic, uttar, bhoomadhyasagariya aur kaale samudron mein vyaapak sanchaalan kiya. vyaapak europeeya-atlantic rangmanch key baahar kewal kuchh hii kaary hue. german pandubbi ney sambaddh vyaparik jahaajon parr hamale kiye, vishesh roop seey "lucitania" key doobane ney kendriya shaktiyon key khilaf americi janmat koo badal diyaa. yuu.aiss. ise rokane kii maang kii, aur germany ney aisaa kiya. nausenadhyaksh key pramukh admiral henning wonn holtzendorff (1853-1919) ney janwari 1917 mein safaltapurvak tark diyaa kii hamalon koo phir seey shuru kiya jaae aur iss prakaar angrejon koo bhookh luggy rahey. german uchch kamaan ney mahsoos kiya kii apratibandhit pandubbi yuddh kii bahaali kaa matlab sanyukt raajya america key saath yuddh haye, lekin ganana kii kii americi jutana paschimi morche parr german jeet koo rokane key liye bahut dheema hoga aur aprail 1917 mein sanyukt raajya america mein yuddh mein pravesh karane mein ack badee bhoomika nibhai.
sabhi pratibhagiyon koo 1899 aur 1907 key hegg sammelanon kaa paalan karna thaa, lekin yeh pandubbiyon key liye avyavahaarik paaya gayaa. german sarkaar ney kahaa kii antarrashtriya kaanoon key tahat british nausena kii nakabandi avaidh thee. shuru mein, german pandubbiyon ney puraskar niyamon kaa paalan karane kaa prayaas kiya, lekin baad mein chhipi hui deck bandookon key saath kyu-ship kii british shuruat key baad apratibandhit pandubbi yuddh mein badal gaye. americi rajanyik dabaav ney germans koo ise kuchh samay key liye rokane key liye majboor curr diyaa, lekin janwari 1917 mein germany ney british dweepon key aspas ack yuddh kshetra ghoshit curr diyaa aur isamen pravesh karane vaale nauvahan key ack chauthai taka doob gayaa, jaba taka kii anurakshit kafile pesh naheen kiye gaye.
 ack aadhunik pandubbi kaa dubna pahali yuddh jeet thee, aur ack ghante key bheetar teen british cruiser koo dubane key karnamon ney pandubbi koo nausena yuddh key ack mahatvapurna nae ghatak key roop mein sthaapit kiya.
german pandubbiyon kaa upayog nausena kii khadaanen bichhaane aur baltic mein lauh ayask shipping parr hamla karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. baltic mein british pandubbi flotilla ney breast-litovsk kii sandhi taka rusiyon key samarthan mein kaam kiya. yuddh key dauran, angrejon ney ack pandubbi vikasit karane key prayason mein nivesh kiya joe ack yuddhapot bede-"bede kii pandubbi" key sanyojan mein kaam curr sakati thee. aavashyak (satah parr) praapt karane key liye key-shreni kii pandubbiyan bhaap seey sanchaalit theen. vyavhaar mein, key varg ack nirantar samasya thee aur ack bede key saath prabhaavi dhang seey kaam naheen curr sakati thee.
antar-yuddh kaal.
yuddhon key beach, nausenaon ney pandubbi cruiser (france,), yuddhapot kshamata bandookon (yuke,) seey lais pandubbiyon aur tohi (aur "sarkoff") key liye chhote vimaan leey jaane mein saksham pandubbiyon key saath prayog kiya.
germany koo varsaay kii sandhi kii sharton dwara pandubbiyon seey incar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin kuchh vaise bhee banaaya gayaa thaa. 1935 key anglo-german nausena samjhaute taka ise vaidh naheen banaaya gayaa thaa, jisake tahat britten ney shaahi nausena key saath pandubbi sankhya mein german samaantaa koo sweekaar kiya thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein, pandubbi yuddh koo dou mukhya kshetron-atlantic aur prashant mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. bhoomadhya sagar bhee pandubbi sanchaalan key liye ack bahut hii sakriya kshetra thaa. yeh vishesh roop seey british aur francisi key saath-saath germans key liye bhee sach thaa. italvi bhee shamil they, lekin midgate pandubbiyon aur maanav torpedo kaa upayog karke apani sabse badee safalata hassil kii.
atlantic mahasagar.
atlantic mein, jahan german pandubbiyon ney phir seey sahayogi kafile kii talash kii aur una parr hamla kiya, yuddh kaa yeh hissa pratham vishva yuddh key baad key hisse kii yaad dilaata thaa. kaee british pandubbiyan bhee sakriya theen, vishesh roop seey bhoomadhyasagariya aur off-norwey mein, aksh yuddhpoton, pandubbiyon aur vyaapaari shipping key khilaf.
shuru mein, hitler ney apani pandubbiyon koo puraskar niyamon kaa paalan karane kaa adesh diyaa, lekin disambar 1939 mein iss pratibandh koo vaapas leey liya gayaa. halanki pandubbi dwara badey paimaane parr hamale pratham vishva yuddh mein kiye gaye they, "wolf paik" mukhya roop seey dwiteeya vishva yuddh yuu-naukaaon kii ack ranneeti thee. iss ranneeti key mukhya charan iss prakaar theh
baad mein yuddhapot aur vimaan escorts mein vriddhi key saath, yuu-boat kaa nuksan asweekarya hoe gayaa. kaee naukaaen khou gaeen, aur unake saath pahale key anubhavi commander.
prashant mahasagar.
prashant mein, sthiti ulat gaee, humm pandubbiyon key japani shipping kaa shikaar curr rahey they. yuddh key anta taka, americi pandubbiyon ney sabhi japani vyaparik jahaajon mein seey aadhe seey adhik koo nasht curr diyaa thaa, kull paanch million tunn seey adhik shipping. british aur dutch pandubbiyon ney bhee japani nauvahan parr hamalon mein bhaag liya, jyaadaatar tateey jall mein. japani pandubbiyaan shuru mein safal raheen, dou americi vimaan vaahak, ack cruiser aur kaee anya jahaajon koo nasht curr diyaa. haalaanki, ack siddhant kaa paalan karate hue joe adhik kamjor vyapariyon key bajaay yuddhpoton parr hamla karane parr kendrit thaa, chhote japani bede lambe samay mein aprabhaavi saabit hue, jabaki sahayogi pandubbi rodhi upaayon seey bhaari nuksan huaa. italvi pandubbiyaan aur ack german pandubbi prashant mahasagar mein sanchaalit hoti hain, lekin apane japani sahayogi key saath doori aur kathin sambandhon seey baadhit honey key liye ack mahatvapurna kaarak honey key liye kabhi paryaapt naheen hoti hain.
anya kshetra.
bhaaratiya mahasagar.
japani pandubbiyaan bhaarat mahasagar mein sanchaalit hoti theen, jisase british satah key bede koo africa key purvi tata parr vaapas jaane key liye majboor honah padaa. kuchh german aur italvi pandubbiyaan bhaaratiya mahasagar mein sanchaalit hoti theen, lekin kabhi bhee mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaane key liye paryaapt naheen hoti theen.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad seey, kaee yuddhon, jaise kii koriyai yuddh, 1971 kaa bhaarat-pakistani yuddh aur fockland yuddh mein pandubbiyon kaa seemit upayog shamil rhaa haye. baad mein pandubbi seey prakshepit bhoomi-hamla misaailon koo iraq aur afghanistan key khilaf niyojit kiya gayaa thaa. inn apvaadon key saath, 1945 key baad pandubbi yuddh bund hoe gayaa. isaliye pandubbiyon kii bhoomika key baare mein ranneetik soch vaastavik anubhav seey swatantra roop seey vikasit hui haye.
1950 key dashak mein paramanu-sanchaalit pandubbi key aagaman ney pandubbi yuddh key baare mein ranneetik soch mein ack badaa badalaav laaya. yeye naukaaen teji seey, gaharaai seey kaam curr sakati theen aur bahut adhik sahanshakti rakhti theen. unake badey aakar ney unhein missile prakshepan munch banane kii anumati dee. paramanu shakti pandubbiyon koo adhik sateekta aur jahaajon, anya pandubbiyon aur bhoomi lakshyon key khilaf torpedo kaa upayog karane kii kshamata pradaan karegi. isake jawab mein hamla karane vaali pandubbi adhik mahatvapurna hoe gaee, vishesh roop seey ack shikari-hatyare key roop mein isaki abhinirdhaarit bhoomika key sambandh mein. america ney kuchh samay key liye radar pickett key roop mein paramanu pandubbiyon kaa bhee upayog kiya. samvedak aur hathiyaron mein bhee badee pragati hui haye.
sheet yuddh key dauran, sanyukt raajya america aur soviyat sangh ney dushman kii pandubbiyon kaa pataa lagaane aur yahaan taka kii peechhe hatane key liye ack 'billi-aur-choohe' khel khela.
jaise-jaise aniyantrit pandubbi yuddh kii sambhavana cumm hoe gaee haye, paaramparik pandubbiyon key baare mein sochane seey satah key yuddhpoton key khilaf unake upayog parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa haye. kewal ack pandubbi kaa astitva satah parr yuddhpoton kii sanchaalan kii swatantrata koo cumm curr sakata haye. inn pandubbiyon key khatare kaa mukabala karane key liye, shikari pandubbiyon koo vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. pandubbi kii bhoomika pandubbi seey prakshepit swaayatt maanav rahit vaahanon key upayog key saath badhee haye. naee vayu swatantra pranodan vidhiyon key vikas kaa matlab haye kii deejal-electric pandubbi kii satah kii aavashyakta cumm hoe gaee haye, jisase yeh asurakshit hoe gaee haye. paramanu pandubbiyaan, halanki bahut badee hain, ack vistaarit avadhi key liye apani havaa aur paani utpann curr sakati hain, jiska arth haye kii kissy bhee mamle mein unaki satah kii aavashyakta seemit thee.
aaj kii adhik khandit bhoo-raajneetik pranali mein, kaee rashtra apani pandubbiyon kaa nirmaan aur/yaa unnayan curr rahey hain. japan samudri aatmaraksha bull ney harr kuchh varshon mein pandubbiyon key nae model launch kiye hain; dakshin koria ney pahale seey hii saksham prakaar 209 () design koo germany seey unnat kiya haye aur indoneshiya koo pratiyaan betch dee hain. roose ney puraane soviyat kilo model mein sudhaar kiya haye jise ranneetik vishleshak 1980 key dashak key barabar kaha rahey hain, aur isi tarah.
apani nausena yuddh pustak "dha price off admiralty" key anta mein, sainya itihaaskaar johnn keegan ney kahaa kii antatah, satah parr yuddhpoton kii lagbhag sabhi bhoomikaon koo pandubbiyon dwara liya jaayega, kyonki way kewal nausena ikaaiyaan hongi joe badhati khufiya kshamataon (antariksh upgrah, havaai jahaaj aadi) seey bachane mein saksham hongi.) kii samaan roop seey mell khaane vaale aadhunik raajyon key beach ack ladaai una parr sahan curr sakati haye.
haalaanki, pandubbi key mahatva key baare mein sochane seey aur bhee adhik ranneetik bhoomika mein sthanantarit hoe gayaa haye, paramanu ballistic missile pandubbi key aagaman key saath paramanu hathiyaron key saath pandubbi seey launch kii gaee ballistic misaailon koo doosari prahaar kshamata pradaan karane key liye.
aadhunik pandubbi mission.
ack aadhunik pandubbi ack bahu-bhoomika munch haye. yeh pratyaksh aur gupt donon prakaar key sanchaalan curr sakata haye. shaanti key samay mein yeh ack nivaarak key roop mein kaary karane key saath-saath nigrani sanchaalan aur soochana ekatra karane key liye bhee kaam curr sakata haye.
yuddh key samay mein ack pandubbi kaee missions koo puuraa curr sakati haye jinamen shamil hainh