
loznika

loznika (λοznica) paschimi serbia key makwa jile mein sthit ack shahar haye. yeh drina nadee key daahine tata parr sthit haye. 2022 mein shahar kii kull aabaadi 19,515 thee, jabaki prashaasnik kshetra kii aabaadi 72,062 thee.
iska naam "loza" ("bell" key liye serbian shabd) shabd seey nikla haye. mool roop seey, iska naam "lojika" ("chhoti bell" key liye serbian) thaa, lekin baad mein yeh "loznika" bunn gayaa.
itihas.
jaadar aur loznika key kshetra mein sabse purani bastiyon kaa pataa navpashan kaal mein lagaaya jaa sakata haye jaba starsevo sanskriti 4500-3000 eesaa poorv seey falati-phoolati thee. 75 eesaa poorv mein roman vijay seey pahale illerian aur celtic janjaatiyaan iss kshetra mein rahati theen. balkan praaydweep parr roman vijay ney bhaari badalaav laaeh yeh kshetra roman praant dalmatia kaa hissa bunn gayaa.
jaadar mein sabse mahatvapurna basti "genzis" thee, joe lesnica key paas sthit thee, jabaki vartamaan mein loznika mein roman basti koo "aid drinum" kahaa jaataa thaa. kinvadanti bataati haye kii loznika kaa naam iss kshetra mein ugaai jaane vaali angur kii belon key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, joe roman samrat probus key samay mein teesari shatabdi eesaa poorv seey shuru huaa thaa. shahar kaa pahala sandarbh loznika key roop mein serbian raajaa stephen milutin key shasankal kaa haye, jaba milutin key bhaai dragutin kii patni catherine ney paas key tronosa mathh (1317) kii sthaapana kii thee. agale dou sou varshon taka loznika koo bahut cumm notice milaa. 1533 taka, ottoman samrajya dwara loznika koo serbian tanashah seey jeet liya gayaa thaa aur taba musalmaanon kii aabaadi thee; curr registry key anusaar, 37 gharon mein seey 26 ghar musalman they aur 11 isai they.
1600 mein, loznika 55 gharon key saath aadhikarik taur parr ack muslim (bosniac) basti bunn gaee. iss avadhi mein loznika aur jaadar zvornik seey prashaasit kshetra kaa hissa they. zvornik kshetra parr bosnia mein paasha kaa shasson thaa. ottoman shasson seey mukti kii disha mein prayaas karate hue, loznika kii aabaadi serbian logon kii aam ladaai mein sakriya roop seey shamil thee, jisaki shuruat 1804 key pahale serbian vidroh seey hui thee. vidroh bahut mahatvapurna thaa kyonki ottoman aasaani seey apane kshetra key seemavarti hisse koo naheen chhodate they, jisase way karon kii kataai curr sakate they aur apani senaa kii aapoorti curr sakate they aur saath hii vidrohi serbia key madhya bhaag kii or bhee jaa sakate they.
pahale vidroh (1804-13) kii poori avadhi key dauran, ottoman key khilaf kaee aur bhaari ladaaiyaan loznika aur usake aspas key ilaakon mein ladee gaeen. 1813 mein sarbon ney ottomans koo drina nadee key paar karane mein kamyabi hassil kii, usa samay ottomans ney loznika parr phir seey kabja curr liya thaa. navambar 1833 mein, loznika aur jaadar aadhikarik taur parr serbia kii riyasat kaa hissa bunn gaye, milos obrenovic key shasson key dauran, jaba sultan mahmoud dwiteeya ney chhah jabt kiye gaye kshetron koo serbia koo saunp diyaa. isake parinamswarup bhoomi parr ottoman swaamitva samaapt hoe gayaa aur ise ack swatantra kisan raajya ghoshit kiya gayaa, jiska arth thaa kii samanti pranali koo radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
jaadar podrinje kshetra kaa hissa bunn gayaa, jabaki loznika iss kshetra kii seat bunn gaee, joe 19veen shatabdi key anta taka iss bhoomika mein rahee, jaba rajdhani koo sabak mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. 19veen shatabdi key tees key dashak key dauran, loznika mein 1203 logon key saath 295 ghar they aur yeh podrinje kii prashaasnik aur raajneetik shakti kaa kendra bunn gayaa. shiksha pranali kaa vikas shuru huaa aur ack aspatal kii sthaapana hui (1882), audyogik bhavanon kaa nirmaan shuru huaa, shilpkar, vyaapaar aur banking kaa vikas shuru huaa. 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein sabak, loznika aur banja kovilzaka key beach railway kaa nirmaan shuru huaa. pratham balkan yuddh aur pratham vishva yuddh ney aarthik vikas koo roque diyaa aur loznika aur aspas key ilaakon mein logon kii sankhya mein kaafee kamee aaee.
pratham vishva yuddh key puuraa honey parr, loznika lagbhag 5000 logon key saath ack kshetriya kendra banaa rhaa. punarnirmaan aur aarthik vikas kii ack chhoti avadhi thee, jisake baad mahamandi aaee, jisamen krishi utpaadon kii kimaton mein girawat dekhi gaee. 1930 key dashak key madhya taka, shilp aur vyaapaar kii dukaanen sthaapit curr lii gaeen, jisase arthavyavastha koo kuchh raahat millie. baad mein, german udyogpatiyon dwara antimony khadanon kaa adhigrahan kiya gayaa, jisase arthavyavastha koo aur majbooti millie. haalaanki, dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii shuruat mein iss vriddhi koo achaanak roque diyaa gayaa thaa. 31 agast 1941 koo chetnik ikaaiyon key pravesh parr loznica german kabje seey mukt honey vaalaa europe kaa pahala shahar bunn gayaa.
janwari 2008 mein, serbian kaanoon key anusaar, loznika koo ack shahar kaa darja milaa.
bhugol aur jalavaayu.
yeh shahar paschimi serbia mein, maswa jile mein, bosnia aur herzegovina kii seema key paas sthit haye. yeh drina nadee key daahine tata parr sthit haye.
jalavaayu.
loznika mein thhandi sardiyon key saath ack aardr uposhnakatibandhiya jalavaayu haye, aksar paas key pahaadon kii pahaadi havaaon key kaaran bahut thhandi aur germ seey germ garmiyaan hoti hain. jaba adriatic samudra seey germ havaa antardeshiya roop seey jaane lagati haye, tou uttar-poorv mein yeh pahaadi baadhaon (zlatar aur zlatibor) key oopar seey oopar uthati haye, jett prabhaav praapt karati haye aur serbia key paschimi hisson mein teji seey jaari rahati haye.
jansankhyiki.
2011 kii janganana key anusaar, loznika shahar mein jaatiya samoohon mein serb (79,327), aur cumm sankhya mein romani (761), jaatiya musalman (660), yugoslav (74), montenegrin (58) aur anya shamil hain.
bastiyaan.
loznika key alawa, shahar mein nimnalikhit bastiyaan shamil hainh
samaaj aur sanskriti.
sanskriti.
saanskritik viraasat mein shahar mein sthit pavitra kunwari kaa church, 14 veen shatabdi kaa cocasina mathh, 13 veen shatabdi kaa tronosa mathh, aur gusevo parvat parr smaarak, tekeris mein, aur draginac mein, saath hii saath trisk kaa jaatiya gaanv shamil hain.
ack serbian mahakavya kavita "loznika kii ladaai" haye jisamen kendriya vyakti anty bogisevic pahale serbian vidroh key dauran serbian balon kaa netritva karate hain. sabse mahatvapurna sthaaniya saanskritik karyakram trisk mein "vukov sabo" (wook kii parishad) haye, joe gaanv mein paida hue wook stephanovic karadjik kii yaad mein prativarsh sitambar mein aayojit kiya jaataa haye; yeh serbia mein sabse purana aur sabse badaa saanskritik karyakram haye, isake mahatva aur badhati matra (20-30,000 agantuk) key kaaran.
khel.
loznika key sthaaniya football club koo aff. key. loznika kahaa jaataa haye, jisamen lagator stadium gharelu maidan key roop mein haye.
arthavyavastha.
loznika kaa sabse badaa karkhana "hyee viscoza loznika" thaa, jisaki sthaapana 1957 mein 10,000 seey adhik karmchaariyon (1981) key saath kii gaee thee, usa samay jaba shahar mein 18,000 nivasi they. trailers kaa utpaadan mukhya roop seey karkhane "fake loznika" mein aur kapada utpaadan "moda" loznika mein thaa.
moje aur mahilaaon key underwear "golden lady" key italvi nirmaata kaa loznika mein ack karkhana haye, joe europeeya sangh key deshon koo niryaat kartaa haye. abhee key liye karkhane mein 550 shramik kaaryarat hain.
isake alawa, serbia mein sabse badey lithium bhandar (jaadar khadaan) mein seey ack, jiska kull bhandar 125.3 million tunn haye, loznika mein sthit haye.
nimnalikhit talika kanuni sansthaon mein unaki mukhya gatividhi (2018 taka) key anusaar niyojit panjikrit logon kii kull sankhya kaa purvavlokan detee haih

