
robbert seiferth

robbert seiferth shikago, ilinois mein sthit ack americi vastukar they. unhone apane peshevar currier key shuruati varshon mein prasiddh prayeri school key vastukar george washington maher key liye kaam kiya. prabhaavshaali shikago vastukala club key sadasya, seiferth shikago vastukala key school kaa ack utpaad thaa.
shally kaa prabhaav.
haalaanki unaki praarambhik swatantra pariyojanaon ney seedhe taur parr maher key shaileegat prabhaavon koo pratibimbit kiya, kyonki unaki apani shally ney seiferth kaa kaam prachalit punarutthaanvaadi vastukala key aasavan key roop mein adhik pratishthit hoe gayaa, joe vistaar key prati lagaatar samarpan seey naheen balki majboot jyaamiti, anupaat kii ack atyadhik parishkrit bhavna aur aitihaasik sandarbhon key chayanaatmak, bhedbhavpurna upayog seey visheshta haye. haalaanki inn sandarbhon key kissy bhee upayog kii kaee prastavakon dwara ninda kii gaee thee jise aaney vaale varshon mein "aadhunik" vastukala key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, neoclassical aaveg... yeh maulik vastukala siddhanton parr lautkar aitihaasik punrutthaanvaad (unnisvin shatabdi) kii jangli jyadatiyon seey americi vastukala koo shuddh karane kaa ack prayaas thaa. iss vastukala ney jinn aadarshon koo vyakt karane kii koshish kii, way hii they joe shikago key sabse aavishkaarsheel vastukar apane swayam key kaam-crum, sadbhaav aur aaraam mein moort roop dene kii koshish curr rahey they...". natijatan, aadhunik vastukala kii avadharana ack sthir ghatana key alawa aur kuchh bhee naheen thee. "vastukar aur aalochak aadhunik vastukala kii paribhasha aur bhawan design kii bhavishya kii disha key baare mein jeevant bahas mein lagey hue hain. iss pravachan ney vividh vaastushilp vichardharaon aur roopon key vikas koo pratibimbit kiya joe sunder kalaa shastriyata seey laker suvyavasthit karane taka they."harvard vishvavidyalaya key school off design key pahale deane aur aadhunik vastukala key ack prasiddh prastaavak joseph hoodnut ney una gharon kii bhaavnaatmak seemaon koo pahachaana joe kaanch, concreet aur steel kii vishisht aadhunik shabdawali kaa upayog karke apane design koo vyakt karate hainh" "unamen aksar dilchasp saundarya guna hotey hain, way hamein apani naveenata aur apane naatak seey giraftar karate hain, lekin aksar unake paas hamein bataane key liye bahut cumm hotaa haye.
aadhunik vastukala mein aitihaasik sandarbhon key upayog kaa mamla villium addams delano (1874-1960) dwara banaaya gayaa thaa, jinhen "vastukaron kii naee peedhi [jinhone] americi swaad koo aakar diyaa aur vikasit kiya, ack shally kaa utpaadan kiya joe vidvatapurna amurtata aur ghatiya rachana key saath khamee hui thee. delano ney tark diyaa kii yadi kissy pariyojana koo "swatantrata key saath sambhala gayaa thaa aur... hamaare vartamaan samay key grahakon kii jarooraton kaa jawab dete hue, yeh vaastav mein hamaare apane samay kii abhivyanjak hogi. seiferth ney apane currier koo iss alag raaste parr leey jaane kaa vikalp chunaa, aur aisaa karate hue vastukala kii ack viraasat kaa nirmaan kiya joe "ack swatantra bhavna key saath achche prajanan kii baat kartaa haye."
prishthabhoomi.
robbert seiferth ack pramukh sthaaniya parivaar key sadasya key roop mein paley-badhe. unake daadaa villium seiferth 1848 mein shikago mein ack saraay (jise abb ack saraay maanaa jaayega) kholane key iraade seey germany key thuringia raajya mein shlos tondorff seey sanyukt raajya america aae they. shahar key baahar rahane kii salah dete hue, vaha apani patni luis key saath blue eyeland mein buss gaye, jahan kuchh saal pahale german sangh key roop mein jaane jaane vaale desh seey aapravaasan kii aamad shuru hoe gaee thee.
villium ney ack imarat kharidi joe grove street aur paschimi avenue key dakshin-paschim koney mein khadee thee aur apana vyavasaay khola. yeh sthaan achchha thaa-yeh usa samay shikago seey ack dinn kii yatra key liye wabash road kahaa jaataa thaa, jisane kaee varshon taka sambhaavit grahakon kii ack sthir aapoorti kii guaranti dee. lagbhag usee samay unhone basti seey lagbhag ack meal dakshin-paschim mein ack patthar kii khadaan kharidi (jahaan robbin, ilinois abb khadaa haye) aur ise saraay key saath samvarti roop seey sanchaalit kiya, halanki spasht roop seey utani safalata naheen millie. vaha school board key sadasya they jaba blue eyeland ney 1856 mein apana pahala eent school house banaaya thaa, aur 1854 seey 1860 mein unaki mrityu taka moolya key township key liye clerk aur baad mein moolyankankarta key roop mein kaary kiya. villium aur luis key paanch bete they, jinamen edward bhee shamil they, joe vastukar key pitaa they. edward seiferth kaee staron parr samudayik mamalon mein sakriya they. unhone naa kewal sthaaniya hardware store kaa swaamitva aur sanchaalan kiya, balki 1874 mein way blue eyeland key charter sadasya they, joe pracheen mukt aur sweekrit rajmistri they aur 1890 mein calumate state baink key sansthapakon mein seey ack they. unhone 1880-1886 seey graam khajanchi key roop mein aur 1886-1889 seey aur phir seey 1893-1895 seey graam nyasi key roop mein kaary kiya. varshon seey parivaar key anya sadasya bhee samudaay mein sakriya they-way banking, shiksha board aur vartamaan vishay club (baad mein blue eyeland mahila club) mein shamil they, joe blue eyeland saarvajanik pustakalaya kii sthaapana key liye kaafee hudd taka jimmedaar they. charles aeye. seiferth 1916 mein blue eyeland alks key sansthaapak sadasyon mein seey ack they. (vastukar swayam spasht roop seey catholic hiton key vyakti they-vaha usa samay poultry fancier association key sakriya sadasya they jaba blue eyeland 20 veen shatabdi key shuruati varshon mein poorvottar ilinois fancier association kaa mukhyalaya thaa). 
jaba seey unake daadaa-daadi 1848 mein pahunche, taba seey laker jaba taka robbert seiferth ney lagbhag 1910 mein highland park key liye blue eyeland chhoda, taba taka yeh gaanv lagbhag 200 vyaktiyon key ack agrani basti seey lagbhag 11,000 kii aabaadi key saath ack samriddh audyogik upnagar mein vikasit hoe gayaa thaa, jise prasiddh prakaashak aur itihaaskaar alfred tii. andreus ney phone kiya thaa...ack shaant, halanki paschim mein sabse sunder chhote upnagariya shaharon mein seey ack. isi mahaul mein seiferth badey hue, praathamik vidyalaya mein padhe, apani pahali patni nell martin (1878-1928) seey shaadi kii aur apana pahala ghar banaaya.
shiksha aur currier.
shikago manual prashikshan vidyalaya.
seiferth ney apani vastukala shiksha shikago manual prashikshan vidyalaya mein shuru kii, jisaki sthaapana shikago kshetra mein kushal shram kii shiksha kii gunavatta key liye ack chinta key kaaran vaanijyik club (1907 key baad shikago key vaanijyik club) dwara kii gaee thee. school ney 4 janwari, 1884 koo chaar shikshakon aur 74 chhatron key saath apane darwaaje khole they aur club key saath sadasyon key samarthan seey jinhone "ack manual prashikshan school sthaapit karane kaa vaadaa kiya thaa, aur isake nirmaan, upkaran aur samarthan kii guaranti dee thee. club, jisaki sthaapana 1877 mein hui thee, shahar key sabse prabhaavshaali netaaon kaa ack samooh thaa jisamen marshel feeled, george pullman, adson keath, cyrus mccormick aur george armer shamil they. club key uttaradhikari, shikago kaa vaanijyik club baad mein daniel burnham aur edward aich koo praayojit karega. bennet kii "shikago kii yojana" (1909), jise vyaapak roop seey abb taka banaae gaye sabse mahatvapurna saarvajanik yojana dastavejon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. 
shikago manual training school ack niji maadhyamik vidyalaya thaa aur ise apane chhatron key pravesh key teen saal baad snaatak karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. chhaatr nikaay, joe sabhi purush they, koo paaramparik hyee school pathyakram kaa adhyayan karane vaali kakshaon mein bitaaye gaye samay key alawa, pratyek dinn ack ghante drafting room mein aur dinn mein dou ghante dukaan mein bitaane kii aavashyakta thee. 1891 mein tution ausatan $100.00 prati varsh "una logon key liye joe iska bhugtan karane mein saksham hain. 1903 mein sansthaan shikago vishvavidyalaya prayogshala vidyaalayon kaa hissa bunn gayaa, joe see. aim. tii. aiss. (baad mein belfield) holl seey sanchaalit hotaa haye.
haalaanki yeh unhein poori tarah seey alag disha mein leey jaane key liye thaa, lekin audyogik kalaa parr dhyaan kendrit karane key saath shikago manual prashikshan school, ack hardware dealer key sabse badey bete kii maadhyamik shiksha key liye ack taarkik vikalp thaa, vishesh roop seey usa yug mein jaba jyeshthadhikar koo mahatvapurna maanaa jaataa thaa. drying mein apani kakshaon key alawa seiferth ney ganit, angreji, french, lattin, itihas, bhautiki, rasayan vigyaan, foundry aur forwork, machine kii dukaan kaa kaam, lakadi kaa kaam, raajneetik arthavyavastha aur nagrik sarkaar kaa adhyayan kiya. unhone kakshaon mein bhaag liya aur 1895 mein dancommar adler key bete, heinry demerest lloyd key bete aur bhatije aur heinry horner (1878-1940) key saath snaatak kiya, joe 1933 seey apani mrityu key samay taka ilinois key governor they.
iss tathya key bavjood kii yeh 17 meal door thaa, seiferth ney school key suvidhajanak sthaan kaa laabh uthaaya. railway dipo joe unaki yatra kii shuruat koo chihnit kartaa thaa, vaha grove street aur western avenue mein unake ghar seey dou-block paidal thaa, jisamen sawari kaa anta ilinois central key baarahaven street station parr thaa, joe school seey seedhe sadak key paar sthit thaa. yeh sawari unhein duniya kii kolambiyai pradarshani key beach key maidan parr seedhe leey gaee hogi, jahan unhein mahaan ferris wheel key paschim mein aur melle key mukhya bhaag kii sunder kalaa kii bhavyata key poorv mein ack spasht drishya dikhaai dega. yeh kalpana karna mushkil haye kii 1890 key dashak kii shuruat mein chhote shahar america key ack ladke key liye yeh ack chhaap naheen paida kartaa aur usey bhaari prerana pradaan kartaa, jaisa kii isane agale chaalees varshon key liye badey paimaane parr vastukala kii duniya mein kiya. patrika kavita kii sansthaapak aur samajik aalochak harriot monro ney apani pustak "ack kavi kaa jeevan-ack badalati duniya mein sattar saal" mein melle key samaapan key paintalis saal baad sankshep mein ullekh kiya... sundarta kii sabhi mahaan uplabdhiyon kii tarah, yeh ack atulaniya prerak shakti bunn gaee haye joe agale 'yug' taka bunny rahee."
shikago architectural club.
 20veen shatabdi key shuruati varshon mein ack vastukar kii shiksha aaj kii tulanaa mein kaafee alag thee, aur mahatvakankshi bhaavi vastukar ise praapt karane key liye kaee raaste apana sakata thaa. udaaharan key liye, aprail 1905 mein, seiferth ney shikago architectural club key sadasya key roop mein apani pahali baithak mein bhaag liya, jisaki sthaapana 1885 mein james aich dwara shikago architectural sketch club key roop mein kii gaee thee. badhai, ack pramukh shikago draftsman, "antardeshiya vastukar" patrika key samarthan seey, jiska pahala ank farwari 1883 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. club kaa gathan shikago mein usa avadhi key dauran kiya gayaa thaa jaba vastukala apane prabhutva mein thee-1871 kii bheeshan aag key baad desh kii kuchh sarvshreshth vastukala pratibhaon kii ack badee aabaadi usa samay kii sabse unnat aur pragatisheel takneekon kaa upayog karke ack aadhunik shahar kaa punarnirmaan karane key liye aaee thee. phir bhee, samudaay parr una sabhi karyon koo karane kii koshish mein curr lagaaya gayaa joe kaary koo jaari rakhane key liye aavashyak they. shikago iss darr seey vikasit hoe rhaa thaa kii joe koee bhee isake vikas parr dhyaan dey rhaa thaa, usey ashcharya huaa, kii "shahar seey anjaan vyakti koo yeh pataa chala jaayega... ashcharya key liye nayaa vishay, dainik, [isaki] hamesha badalati aur hamesha badhati seema rekhaaon mein."jaisa kii shikago key vastukar johnn wellborne root ney varshon baad yaad kiyaah" paschim mein vastukala key vikas mein bhaag lene vaali paristhitiyaan, lagbhag harr mamle mein, binaa kissy udaaharan key rahee hain. vishva key itihas mein kabhi bhee aisaa samudaay naheen rhaa haye joe itane vishal aur phir bhee sajaatiya kshetra koo cover kartaa hoe, joe itani adbhut teji seey vikasit huaa hoe, aur sabhyata kii sthitiyon mein abb taka aage badhaa hoe. itihas mein kabhi-kabhi pragati kii iss pratirodhaheen lahar key roop mein itna prabhaavshaali drishya prastut kiya gayaa haye, prakriti mein pracheen baadhaon aur nivaasiyon key hatash pratirodh koo kuchalane key liye iska sabse door kaa kagaar; iska gahara aur shaant paani jeevan seey bharaa huaa haye aur jeevan key prati vachan seey bharaa huaa haye joe pahale seey kaheen adhik mahatvapurna haye."club shahar key kaee draftsman kii pratibha koo vikasit karane mein madad karane kaa ack prayaas thaa taaki way swayam yogya vastukar bunn sakein, aise samay mein jaba vastukaron key liye ack aupchaarik shiksha aam taur parr anupalabdh thee aur isaki aavashyakta naheen thee. (sanyukt raajya america mein pahala vastukala vidyalaya 1868 mein aim. aaee. tii. mein nau chhatron key saath vastukar villium robbert wayer dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, aur yahaan taka kii 1896 taka, seiferth key snaatak honey key ack saal baad, desh mein 273 key sanyukt chhaatr nikaay key saath kewal nau school they.) seiferth maher key liye kaam karane key samay mein shamil hue, joe varshon seey ack vaktaa, lekhak, pradarshak aur nyayadhish key roop mein club key ack sakriya sadasya they. seiferth koo inmein seey dou pradarshaniyon mein apane kaam mein pravesh karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye-pahali baar 1903 mein (sadasya banane seey pahale), jaba unaki prastuti koo "pustakalaya" key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa, aur phir 1905 mein, jahaan pravesh kaa vishay blue eyeland mein unakaa apana ghar thaa. 1905 kii pradarshani kii soochi kii prastaavana usa parr samarpit thee jise prasiddh vastukar elmer gray (1872-1963) ney "aavishkaarsheel aur swadeshi vastukala" kahaa thaa, ack aisaa vakyansh joe iss vishesh ghar key liye seiferth key design koo poori tarah seey pratibimbit kartaa haye aur hoe sakata haye kii isaki chhaviyon koo shamil karane key karanon mein seey ack hoe.
shikago architectural club key saath apane judaav key kaaran, seiferth key paas shikago key pragatisheel architectural samudaay key pramukh khilaadiyon seey parichit honey kaa paryaapt avsar hoga, jinamen seey badee sankhya mein sakriya sadasya they. yeye aise sambandh they jinhen maher ney nishchit roop seey protsaahit kiya hoga. soochi mein ullekhaniya logon mein charles bee shamil they. atwood, daniel burnham, danmar adler, luis sullivan, howard vaine dorren shau, villium leey bairan jannie aur frank lloyd raait. 
kaee varshon taka club kaa mukhyalaya piano nirmaata villium doubleu kii poorv haveli mein sthit thaa. 1801 prayeri aiv mein kimball. shikago mein. yeh 1940 mein ack sakriya sangathan key roop mein kaam karna bund curr diyaa aur 1967 mein bhang curr diyaa gayaa, lekin 1979 mein isake punah gathan key baad aaj phir seey maujood haye.
prabhaav aur praarambhik carrier.
robbert seiferth ney 1895 mein shikago manual training school seey snaatak kiya, aur school dwara prakaashit saahitya snaatak honey parr shikago key vastukar august fiddler key liye ack "draftsman" key roop mein unaki sthiti koo darshaata haye. fiddler kaa janm germany mein huaa thaa aur 1869 mein sanyukt raajya america aae, pahale newyork shahar mein aur phir shikago mein uchch-stariya aavaasiya andaruni key ack bahut maang vaale designer key roop mein khud koo sthaapit kiya, baad mein ack vastukar bunn gaye. unhone shikago mein arrie street (abb dryhos sangrahalaya) parr saimuel nickerson house (1879-1883) key liye kuchh lakadi key kaam aur anya sajawat aur hegler carrus haveli (villium doubleu. boyington, 1874-1876) lasale, ilinois mein. 1881 mein ack sahakarmi koo likhe patra mein, fiddler key samkaaleenon mein seey ack ney nickerson key liye fiddler key design kaary kii gunavatta parr tippani karate hue kahaa...binaa dekhe isaki sundarta koo samajhana mushkil hoga. 1893 seey 1896 taka way shikago shahar key shiksha mandal key mukhya vastukar they (18 janwari, 1893 koo bhawan vibhaag key nirmaan key baad yeh pada sambhaalane vaale pahale vyakti they), jinake liye unhone 58 vidyalaya bhavanon kaa design aur/yaa paryavekshan kiya, aur way adtis bhavanon (akele german gaanv mein chhattis) key design key liye jimmedaar they.
) vishva kii kolambiyai pradarshani mein
. seiferth ney 17 saal kii umr mein ack vastukar key roop mein apana currier shuru kiya, jaba fiddler shiksha board mein vastukar they, aur record usa samay unaki sthiti koo darshaate hain jaba unhein "sandeshvaahak" key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa (haalaanki, jaisa kii oopar ullekh kiya gayaa haye, unake snaatak notice ney usase kuchh adhik kaa sujhaav diyaa), jisake liye unhein prati saptah $6 (2015 mein lagbhag $168.07) key vetan seey kshatipurti kii gaee thee. fiddler ney adler aur sullivan kii shiller (baad mein garrick theatre) imarat (1891, dhwast 1961) mein karyalayon seey baahar kaam kiya, aur seiferth koo lagbhag nishchit roop seey unake chaacha heinry biroth key madhyam seey parichit karaaya gayaa, joe shikago mein sabse shuruati pharmacists mein seey ack they aur vibhinn samay parr ilinois pharmaceutical association key sachiv aur adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya, joe fiddler seey holl key neeche karyalayon parr kabja curr letaa thaa. seiferth parivaar kaee varshon seey fiddler seey parichit thaa, isase pahale kii seiferth ney shikago manual prashikshan school mein bhaag lena shuru kiya. heinry biroth shikago key badey jaatiya german samudaay key ack sakriya sadasya they, aur 1887 mein, fiddler (apane saathi johnn edison key saath) ney blue eyeland mein unake liye ack ghar taiyar kiya thaa. yuva seiferth ney fiddler aur shiksha board key liye kitane samay taka kaam kiya, yeh gyaat naheen haye (fiddler 1896 mein shiksha board seey alag hoe gayaa aur normand patton dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa), lekin 1900 taka vaha george washington maher key liye lucius machuaaron key liye nickerson haveli key interior key navinikaran parr kaam curr rahey they. yahaan, aitihaasik americi bhawan sarvekshan key anusaar, unhone durlabh pustak kaksh key liye lakadi key kaam koo design aur tarasha. 
maher prayeri school andolan seey judey ack prabhaavshaali vastukar they. aich key anusaar. torrento vishvavidyalaya mein lalit kalaa key maanad professor elen brooks ney kahaa, "madhya-paschim parr unakaa prabhaav gahara aur lamba thaa aur apane samay mein nishchit roop seey [frank lloyd] raait jitna hii mahaan thaa. usa samay kii paaramparik vastukala kii tulanaa mein, unake kaam ney kaafee swatantrata aur maulikta dikhaai, aur unake andaruni hisse unake khule aur pravaah key liye ullekhaniya they... antariksh ". heinry aim. hyde ney "shikago tribune" mein 1913 key ack lekh mein, maher aur "dha nyu american school off architecture" key anya sadasyon key kaam koo yeh kahate hue maanyata dee kii "way vastukala key classic prakaron key sammelanon aur niyamon parr koee dhyaan naheen dete hain. way ack naee aur loktaantrik bhavna koo vyakt karenge."vaha aage kahata gayaa...isamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii abhee shikago key vidrohi aur unakaa kaam america mein kissy bhee anya vastukala vikas kii tulanaa mein adhik dhyaan aakarshit curr rhaa haye aur adhik tippani curr rhaa haye.
halanki, maher key jeevan kii shuruat itani shubh naheen thee. unakaa janm mill creak, west virginia mein huaa thaa aur lagbhag paanch saal kii umr mein, usa samay mill creak mein pratikool aarthik sthitiyon key kaaran, unakaa parivaar nyu albany, indiana mein chalaa gayaa. vahaan maher ney praathamik vidyalaya mein padhaai kii, lekin jaba taka vaha apani kishoravastha mein they taba taka parivaar phir seey chaley gaye they, iss baar shikago. way 1871 kii bheeshan aag key baad shahar mein aaee samriddhi kaa laabh uthaane key liye vahaan gaye they, aur 1878 mein george koo shikago key vastukar augustus baur (1881 key baad heinry hill key saath saajhedaari mein) key saath prashikshu key roop mein bheja gayaa thaa, joe arther woltersdorff key saath sent kaa nirmaan karenge. 1895 mein blue eyeland mein benedict church) unake maataa-pitaa dwara, joe usa samay asamanya naheen they, iss prakaar key rojgar seey honey vaali kamai key saath parivaar kii aaya badhaane kii aavashyakta thee.
jaisa kii itihas seey pataa chalata haye, ghatnaaon kaa yeh modd maher key liye bhagyashali saabit huaa. baur koo shahar key pramukh samajik aur saanskritik madhyasthon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa thaa."way 1853 mein sanyukt raajya america aae they, joe german aapravaasan kii lahar kaa ack hissa they, joe robbert seiferth key daadaa koo sanyukt raajya america leey aaya thaa, aur unhone aur unake vibhinn bhagidaron, joe german nishkarshan key bhee they, ney 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh key dauran shikago mein badey german samudaay key liye vastukala sevaaen pradaan karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. 1869 mein baur ney 1352 key dashak mein shikago mein pahale german school kii rachana kii. zian luthran church key liye union street, aur 1872-73 baur aur lobnitz ney clark street aur shikago avenue mein shikago turngaminde (dhwast) key sangeet karyakram holl koo design kiya. baur saajhedaari key utpaadan mein purani sent sahit kaee pratishthit pariyojanaaen shamil theen. 700 doubleu parr patrick kaa church. addams street (1856, punarnirmit aur punarsthaapit 1992-1999, jise "shikago" patrika ney shikago mein 40 sabse mahatvapurna imaraton mein sthaan diyaa), grant park mein rosenberg fawwara (samarpit 16 octuber, 1893, punarsthaapit 2004), aur 601-623 n parr tree studio. state street (1894-1913, parfit bhaaiyon key saath, 2004 mein punarnirmit). baur koo prithak aadhar pranali key aavishkaar kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye, joe urdhvaadhar aadharon key beach ack lambi avadhi kii anumati detaa haye. anya cheejon key alawa yeh navachar kaanch key vyaapak vistaar kii anumati detaa haye joe aadhunik vastukala kii ack maanak visheshta bunn gaee haye. maher baur key ekmatra ullekhaniya samarthak naheen they-grihyuddh kii shuruat mein aur phir isake anta mein, baur ney dankmar adler koo niyukt kiya.
(1844-1900), joe baad mein luis sullivan key saath una imaraton parr kaam karenge jinhen shikago school off architecture mein mahatvapurna yogdan maanaa jaayega, vishesh roop seey shikago stock exchange building (1893, dhwast 1972) aur sabhagar bhawan (1889) (abb roozvelt vishvavidyalaya kaa ghar).
maher ney baur aur unake sahyogiyon key liye kitane samay taka kaam kiya, yeh gyaat naheen haye, lekin 1880 key dashak taka vaha joseph lyman sillsby key karyalaya mein kaam curr rahey they, joe ack vastukar banane seey pahale syracuse vishvavidyalaya mein lalit kalaa key nae college mein vastukala key professor they. sillsby ack pratibhashali vastukar they jinhone navintam vastukala shally mein design kiya thaa. vaha apani shingle shally kii imaraton key liye jaane jaate they... raani annie shally mein mahaarat hassil karane mein maharani theen aur apane grahakon dwara prashansit romantic prabhaav praapt karane mein way apane samkaaleenon kii tulanaa mein [isaki antarnihit] arajakta parr cumm nirbhar they.  vaha 1882 mein ack aantarik vastukar key roop mein kaary karane key liye shikago aae they aur iss tarah 1350 aine parr kumhar aur bertha pamar key shandar mahal key bhavya andaruni hisson key liye jimmedaar they. lake shore drive (nirmit 1881-1885,1950 mein dhwast, heinry ives cob (1859-1931) aur charles sumner frost (1856-1931) vastukar), aur shahar key liye kaee mahatvapurna pariyojanaon koo design karane key liye ruke, jisamen linken park conservatory (1890-1895) aur west virginia imarat aur duniya kii kolambiyai pradarshani (1893) key liye chalati footpath shamil hain. jaba unhone sillsby key liye kaam kiya, maher ney george grant almsley (1869-1952), frank lloyd raait (1867-1959) aur irving gill (1870-1936) key saath kaam kiya, joe baad mein pramukh vastukar bunn gaye, halanki nishchit roop seey alag vastukala shailiyon key saath. 1888 mein maher ney charles corvin key saath apana karyalaya sthaapit kiya, ack aisaa sambandh joe lagbhag 1893 taka chalaa. unhone ilinois key evantion mein uttar-paschimi vishvavidyalaya key saath kuchh samay key liye ack peshevar sambandh kaa anand liya, jahaan 1909 mein (apane karyalaya mein seiferth key karyakal key dauran) unhone swift holl aur pahala patton vyayamshala (1940 koo dhwast) kii. yeye imaaraten unake advitiya design darshan kii saahasik abhivyaktiyaan theen aur parisar key liye unaki master plan kaa abhinn anga theen, jise nyasi mandal ney 1911 mein ack pratiyogita key madhyam seey shuru kiya thaa, lekin nishpaadit karane mein whiffle rhaa. isane baad key varshon mein ack tippanikar koo vilaap karane key liye prerit kiya "yeh shayed uttar-paschimi vastukala itihas mein sabse khedjanak nuksan haih advitiya prayeri school parisar joe kabhi naheen thaa. frank lloyd raait ney parinam kii bhavishyavani kii hogi. vastukala mein yuva vyakti" koo dee gaee unaki salah kii soochi mein joe nimnalikhit haye vaha 13vaan bindu haih "ack nausikhiya key roop mein kissy bhee paristhiti mein koee vastukala pratiyogita mein pravesh naa karein. kissy bhee pratiyogita ney duniya koo kabhi bhee vastukala mein honey key laayak kuchh naheen diyaa. juurii swayam ack chunaa huaa ausat haye. juurii dwara kii gaee pahali baat yeh haye kii sabhi designs koo dekhaa jaae aur sarvshreshth aur sabse kharaab koo baahar fenk diyaa jaae taaki ausat key roop mein, yeh ausat parr ausat hoe sakey. kissy bhee pratiyogita kaa shuddh parinam ausat key ausat seey ausat hotaa haye.".
apane jeevan key anta mein, jaba way american institute off architects key ilinois chapter kii nagarpalika kalaa aur nagar yojana samiti key adhyaksh they, maher lalit kalaa key poorv mahal kii bahaali key peechhe prerak shakti bunn gaye, taba ack dhwast khandahar joe taba taka duniya kii ekmatra badee imarat thee joe kolambiya kii pradarshani seey bachee thee. 1921 mein "dha american architect" mein prakaashit ack lekh mein, maher ney nimnalikhit avalokan kiya, joe iss nishkarsh key bavjood shaastriya vastukala key liye ack jhukaav kaa sanket detaa haye kii koee bhee anyatha unake maujooda kaam kii jaanch karane parr aaa sakata haih "dedh million dollar seey thodaa adhik key liye, shikago, hamesha key liye, duniya mein vastukala key sabse sunder namoonon mein seey ack hoe sakata haye... yeh vastukaron, kalakaron aur alochakon key beach saarvbhaumik roop seey sahmat haye kii yeh imarat shaastriya vastukala key ack shuddh udaaharan key roop mein asman haye. yeh shikago kii sabse badee uplabdhiyon mein seey ack, kolambiyai pradarshani kaa antim shesh smaarak haye."maher yeh dekhane key liye jeevit naheen they kii unhone kyaa karna shuru kiya thaa, lekin 1933 mein pragati kii shatabdi key dauran vigyaan aur udyog kaa sangrahalaya naee punarsthaapit imarat mein khola gayaa, ack pariyojana jise badey paimaane parr paropkari julius rosenwald (1862-1932) seey $50 laakh key upahaar key saath vitt poshit kiya gayaa thaa, joe sears, robak aind company key adhyaksh they. 
yeh sambhavana haye kii robbert seiferth koo parivarik sambandhon key madhyam seey maher seey parichit karaaya gayaa thaa. kyonki edward seiferth ack mahatvapurna sthaaniya vyavasaayi they, way lagbhag nishchit roop seey sthaapit vastukar key kaam seey parichit honge joe neele dweep mein banaaya jaa rhaa thaa.
swatantra abhyaas.
 shikago manual training school seey snaatak honey key lagbhag turant baad robbert seiferth ney ack swatantra vastukar key roop mein apani sevaaen denaa shuru curr diyaa. 19veen shatabdi key anta mein blue eyeland kii ack nirdeshika, joe taba prakaashit hui jaba vaha sambhavatah shikago school board key liye kaam curr rahey they, mein "robbert seiferth, vastukar" key liye ack soochi thee jisamen seiferth imarat (1992 mein dhwast) koo unake patey key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa. maher key karyalaya mein kaam karna shuru karane key baad unake swatantra kaary ney maher aur anya prayeri school vastukaron key prabhaav koo dikhaana shuru curr diyaa, aur unakaa sabse pahala gyaat swatantra roop seey jimmedaar kaam isi samay aataa haye. 1905 mein "rashtriya nirmaata" patrika key maee sanskaran mein yojanaon, samagri key bilon aur laagat key anuman key saath ack "saaf-suthra chhota awas" prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. 
seiferth ney lagbhag 1909 taka maher key liye kaam karna jaari rakhaa, usa samay unhone apana abhyaas shuru kiya. praarambhik varshon mein karyalaya 134 sekand mein makai vinimay baink bhawan (1908, shapley, rutton aur cooliz, 1985 koo dhwast) mein sthit thaa. lassel street, joe shikago stock exchange building seey thodi paidal doori parr thee. seiferth koo sambhavatah apane neele dweep key padosi benjamin see key prabhaav seey vahaan apana karyalaya sthaapit karane key liye aakarshit kiya gayaa thaa. sammons (1866-1916), joe shikago key banker club key adhyaksh aur corn exchange national baink key lambe samay taka upaadhyaksh rahey. seiferth baad mein nae poorna tribune tower (1925, johnn mid howells aur raymond hood) mein chaley gaye, jahan 1934 taka unakaa ekveesvin manjil parr ack karyalaya thaa, jaba avasaad ney unake vyavasaay koo highland park key uttari tata samudaay mein apane ghar mein sthanantarit karane key liye majboor curr diyaa. unakaa ack chhota saa karyalaya thaa-way swayam design, masauda taiyar karane aur paryavekshan kaa kaam karate they, aur kaee varshon taka miss aldridge dwara sahaayata kii jaati thee, joe vinirdeshon koo type karate they aur aam taur parr karyalaya koo chalaate rahate they. karyalaya koo apane ghar mein sthanantarit karane key baad, unhone apane sahayak edward humerich (1901-1991) koo liya, joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key aagaman seey kuchh samay pahale seiferth kii naukari chhodane key baad swayam ack prasiddh vastukar bunn gaye. humrich ney frank lloyd raait kii eusenian shally mein ack vishisht carrier designing aur gharon key nirmaan kaa anand liya. unhone 1968 mein apana vastukala licenses arjit kiya. 1986 mein shikago key kalaa sansthaan key saath sakshatkaron kii ack shrinkhala mein, unhone seiferth kii appeal kaa saransh diyaah "unake paas anupaat aur paimaane kii utkrisht bhavna thee. unake sabhi ghar uttari tata parr they..., aur way utkrisht hain. unake paas ack kaushal thaa, ack tarah seey tajgi, aur yeh achchha thaa."
1911 mein robbert seiferth ney highland park mein sheridon road parr frank lloyd raait key ward willets house (1901) seey sadak key paar apane parivaar key liye ack juari chhat vaale shingle shally key ghar kaa design aur nirmaan kiya, aur isane unake design kaary kii disha mein ack badalaav koo chihnit kiya-unake baaki currier key liye unhone aupaniveshik punruddhar, tudor aur mahadvipiya praantiya tatvon koo majboot jyaamitiya roopon key saath milakar ack sargrahi shally mein design kiya. apane karyakal key dauran seiferth ney akele highland park mein 73 gharon kii rachana kii, jahan unakaa utpaadan ack nivasi key roop mein unake aagaman key samay seey pahale shuru huaa aur unaki mrityu seey kuchh samay pahale taka chalaa. yahaan unhone iss dhaarana koo nazarandaj karane kaa faisala kiya kii baad key varshon mein talicin rishi dwara yuva vastukaron koo prasiddh roop seey pesh kiya gayaa thaa... apani pahali imaaraten banaane key liye ghar seey jitna sambhav hoe utanaa door jaaen. chikitsak apani galatiyon koo dafan curr sakata haye-lekin vastukar kewal apane muvakkil koo bell lagaane kii salah dey sakata haye.". shikago kshetra mein apane adhikansh kaam key saath lagbhag vishesh roop seey ack aavaasiya vastukar, unhone mishigan, wisconsin, ohiyo, virginia, kentucky aur alabama mein bhee pariyojanaon koo design kiya. apane karyakal key anta taka, unhone dou sou seey adhik gharon kii rachana kii thee.
unaki ack adhik mahatvapurna kriti 1926 mein design kiya gayaa saimuel homes house haye aur aitihaasik sthaanon key rashtriya register mein soochibaddh haye. mishigan jheel koo dekhane vaalaa ack shingle shally kaa ghar, isaki bhunirman rachana gens genson dwara design kii gaee thee.
robbert seiferth 1 march, 1950 koo apani mrityu taka highland park mein rahate aur kaam karate rahey.
shikago itihas sangrahalaya anusandhaan kendra mein 1932 key baad seey seiferth kii 70 pariyojanaon key liye chitron seey yukt ack sangrah haye.
graahak aadhar.
seiferth koo kabhi-kabhi ack "samaaj vastukar" maanaa jaataa haye, aur unake gyaat kaam key mukhya bhaag kii jaanch seey yeh pataa chalega, lekin kewal ack nishchit seema taka. iss varg kaa ack graahak, vilobi jee. vinnetka, ill key walning (1878-1938) koo europeeya rajgharane key saath aur sanyukt raajya america key cumm seey cumm ack rashtrapati key saath nagrik raahat vibhaag key karyavahak mahanideshak aur americi redd cross kii kendriya samiti key upaadhyaksh key roop mein milaa huaa maanaa jaataa haye. unake bhaai villium inglish walling koo doubleu dwara maanyata dee gaee thee.ee.bee. doo bois nacp key sansthaapak key roop mein, aur swayam vilobi...shikago andolan key liye ack pramukh pravakta bunn gaye. yahaan unhone prasiddh samaaj sudhaarak jaine addams aur shikago key kuchh sabse dhanee aur sabse prabhaavshaali nagrikon key saath kaam kiya, jinamen shrimati bhee shamil theen. cyrus mccormick, shrimati. ammons blain [jinake sasur james jee. blain vibhinn roop seey ack senator, sadan key adhyaksh aur james garfield aur chester aeye key raajya sachiv they. arther] aur julius rosenwald. 
anya ameer grahakon ney shikago kshetra key baahar ghar banaane parr seiferth kii pratibha kaa niryaat kiya. norman doubleu. harris (shikago key harris baink kaa), jiska sthaaniya nivaas bhee vinnetka mein thaa, ney williams bey, wisconsin mein kemah farm mein arabi ghodon koo paalaa, jahan unakaa parivaar ack safed kuteer mein rahata thaa...yeh aakarshak, nichale, jhamele vaale gharon mein seey ack haye jisake liye isake vastukar robbert seiferth prasiddh hain.". aisee hii ack aur graahak jessy sikes birdsley thee, joe apani mrityu key ack saal baad 1918 mein ohiyo key ravena key paas friedam township mein apane pati key khet mein laut aaee aur ack badaa ghar (sthaaniya roop seey manore house key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) banaaya jise seiferth dwara design kiya gayaa thaa, jise usane sambhavatah taba kiya thaa jaba vaha shikago mein thee. yahaan unhone kaee varshon taka daadhi vaali dayeri kaa sanchaalan kiya. unake pati orasmus drake birdsley apane pitaa kii shikago sthit company, sikes steel roofing company key sachiv aur khajanchi they, joe chhat samagri aur pool table sahit vibhinn prakaar key utpaad banaati thee. vahaan, "chayanit naamon kii shikago blue book" key 1908 key sanskaran key anusaar, daadhi vaale ack sadak parr 4325 grand bulleward (abb king drive) mein rahate they, jisamen aaj 19 veen shatabdi key anta mein shikago key abhijaat varg key liye banaae gaye aavason kaa sabse akshunna sangrah haye. isi pustak seey yeh bhee pataa chalata haye kii orasmus birdsley shikago athletic association (jahaan villium rigli junier they) sahit vibhinn pratishthit clubon key sadasya they. aur ell. frank boum sadasya they) aur south shore country club (abb south shore saanskritik kendra), jahan way clarence buckingham, johnn jee kii pasand seey judey they. shade, johnn jey. glessner, martin rayarsan, clarence dairo, joy morton aur vilobi walling. baad mein, birdsley key friedam township house kaa swaamitva ohiyo raajya key senator james pee. key paas thaa. johns. seaforth key iss prakaar key grahakon mein seey ack mell-order navpravartak aaron montgomeri ward (1843-1913) thaa, joe seaforth key highland park see mein jaane key baad kuchh samay key liye ack padosi thaa. 1910. inn sabke bavjood, halanki, ack saavdhaanipoorvak vishleshan seey pataa chalega kii seiferth ney ack vyaapak-adharit grahakon kii seva kii, aur haalaanki unake paas kaee chhote ghar hain, unakaa sabse badaa pratishat kaam uchch madhyam varg key grahakon key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
vipanan.
 apane karyakal key dauran, seiferth kaa kaam patrikaon aur patrikaon mein aur vibhinn vastukala aapoorti farmon key vigyapanon mein dikhaai diyaa. yeh kiss hudd taka kiya gayaa thaa, yeh poori tarah seey gyaat naheen haye, lekin "shikago tribune" ("cape codd architecture" bee mein dekhaa gayaa haye) key liye kalaa aalochak eleanor jevet (1892-1968) key lekh.ell.tii.'glanco, ilinois mein 92 dell place mein teller house parr charcha karate hue) aur "architectural record" ("paschimi desh key gharon mein sthaaniya bhavna", octuber, 1914, joe kramshah 521 sheridon road aur 2130 linden parr highland park mein kozminsky aur mcbride gharon parr charcha kartaa haye) key herbert crolley hamein kuchh andaja dene key liye jeevit rahate hain kii usa samay key dauran seafarth kaa kaam kaise praapt huaa thaa jaba vaha abhyaas curr rahey they. (crolley baad mein "dha nyu republic" patrika key sansthaapak sampaadak baney.) isake alawa, unake dwara design kiye gaye gharon kii tasveeren 1920 key dashak mein "dha western architect" patrika mein kaee baar dikhaai deen. arconsus soft pine beuro (chhavi, daaen dekhein), california redwood association (phir seey mcbride house key saath), paisifik lumber company (1375 sheridon road parr highland park mein churchill house kii visheshta), creo-dipt company (chhavi, baaen dekhein), white pine beuro, american faces eent sangh aur sinsinati kii stevert iron works company (aich kii tasveer key saath) key vigyapanon kii pratiyaan bhee bachee hui hain. see. 7150 key dashak mein dickinson house. shikago mein yell). 1908 mein, dickinson key liye unakaa prayeri-shally kaa ghar "house beautiful" patrika mein prakaashit huaa thaa. 1918 mein, arconsus soft pine beuro ney 32 prishthon kaa ack portfolio jaari kiya jisamen seiferth key designs seey baney gharon kii visheshta thee. isamen tasveeren, farsh kii yojanaaen, samagri key bill, laagat kaa anuman aur mahatvapurna visheshtaon kaa sankshipt vivaran shamil thaa. jiss ghar key liye aap lalayit they" sheershak vaali iss pustika kii ghoshana "vyaapaar mein ruchi key nae catalog" sheershak key tahat "nirmaan yug patrika" mein kii gaee thee. haalaanki aaj aam taur parr anupalabdh haye, lekin apane samay mein iska vyaapak prasaar huaa hoga. ise agale varsh pitsburg key kaarnegi pustakalaya key sangrah key liye adhigrahit kiya gayaa thaa, aur usee varsh ack sachitra lekh mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa joe "printer kii syaahi masik" mein "dheele-patte kaa portfolio-pathakon kii ruchi key liye ack sahaayata" sheershak seey prakaashit huaa thaa, jahaan ise varnit kiya gayaa thaa...ack bahut hii aakarshak dheele patte vaalaa portfolio "aur apane prakaar key prakaashan key ack safal udaaharan key roop mein. 
seiferth key jivankal key dauran prakaashit honey vaale kaam kaa antim gyaat udaaharan sitambar, 1948 mein "achchi housekeeping" patrika key sanskaran mein prakaashit huaa. little classic" ack vistaar yogya khet thaa jise patrika ney chaalu kiya thaa jise usane chitrit kiya thaa...ack cornis [joe] shuddh murtikala haye-isake saaf roop koo bhramit karane key liye mishrit moulding kaa koee jackscru naheen."sachitra lekh mein bhee iss baat kii or ishara kiya gayaa haye...bageeche key sheersh parr baramade taka rahane aur bhojan karane vaale donon kamaron seey jode gaye francisi darvaajon key madhyam seey pahuncha jaa sakata haye."-seiferth key kaam key iss antim udaaharan mein bhee amoort design aur aachchhaadit baahari rahane kii jagah rachana key mahatvapurna tatva baney rahey.
apane kaam koo prakaashit karane key lambe itihas key saath, seiferth george washington maher key udaaharan kaa anusaran curr rahey they, joe apane currier key dauran vyaapak roop seey prakaashit hue they. maher key lekh aur unake baare mein lekh niyamit roop seey una prakashanon mein prakaashit hotey they jinamen "paschimi vastukar", "antardeshiya vastukar", "vaastushilp record" aur "kalaa aur sajawat" shamil they.
chayanit pariyojanaaen.
chitron parr nott.
ghar ernest jey key liye ack adhyayan hoe sakata haye. maggerstad house jise maher ney 4930 key dashak mein banaaya thaa. c.1908 mein shikago key kenwood pados mein greenwod avenue. yeh 2011 kii naee line cinema film "dha raait" mein sthaapit shots kii prishthabhoomi mein dikhaai diyaa, jisamen anthany hopkins aur collin oh 'donoghyu ney abhinay kiya thaa.
ghar kii tasveeren 1917 mein "vastukala" patrika mein aur octuber 1914 mein "vastukala record" mein dikhaai deen. yahaan iska varnan iss prakaar kiya gayaa thaah ..yeye [madhya-paschim desh] ghar lagbhag samaan roop seey parishkaran key logon key liye banaae jaane kaa aabhas dete hain joe apane gharon koo aakarshak banaane mein gahari ruchi lete hain, aur jinhone iss uddeshya key liye saksham vastukaron kii salah lii haye. inmein seey sabse aakarshak gharon mein seey ack shree kaa haye. doubleu. highland park mein kozminsky beemar haye. isake vastukar shree. robbert seiferth ney ack italvi vilaa key anupaat aur panktiyon koo ack samkaaleen americi upnagariya nivaas key liye aakarshak roop seey anukoolit kiya haye; ack aupchaarik upchaar model koo ack apekshaakrit anaupchaarik aadhunik nivaas mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa haye, jisamen ack badaa sanlagn baramda haye aur jisamen koee bhee paridrishya bagwani naheen haye joe aamtaur parr ghar koo site seey baandhane key liye aavashyak haye.". oopar kii chhavi ghar koo dikhaati haye jaisa kii yeh "vastukala record" key lekh mein dikhaai diyaa thaa. baad mein ise dhwast curr diyaa gayaa.
asply ack santusht graahak honah chaahiye. seiferth ney 1919 mein glanco mein 230 fairview road parr unake liye ack ghar banaaya thaa joe agale varsh "paschimi vastukar" mein dikhaai diyaa (chhavi dekhein, baaen), aur aar mein dartnell nigam bhawan key liye ack atirikt.
1932 mein shikago mein avenswod aur leyland avenue. 
yeh ghar seiferth key sabse badey gharon mein seey ack haye, aur mishigan jheel koo dekhane vaale ack jhaanse parr sthit haye. iska leout aisaa haye kii adhikansh kamare jheel key saamane hain. ghar mein ulte dormer khidakiyan hain joe seaforth key kaam kii ack pehchaan hain, aur lannon-patthar kii deevaaren joe sambhavatah seasure fiyochi kaa kaam hain, joe shilpkaron key ack chhote samooh mein seey ack they, jinn parr seaforth ney apane kaam kii vyakhya karane key liye bharosa kiya thaa jaisa kii unhone kiya thaa. saamane key darwaaje parr nakkashi key liye bhee fiyochi jimmedaar hoga.
vidhvans aur vivaad.
 seiferth kii sabhi imaaraten jeevit naheen bachee hain. 1960 key dashak key anta mein kenedi-king college key nirmaan key liye raasta banaane key liye 67 vein aur yell mein ack ghar koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1997 mein nirmit chhathe jilaa (gresham) pulis station key liye parking sthal usa sthaan parr haye jahan dow. aff.aiss. tufts ney ack dukaan aur karyalaya (7754 sekand mein) banaae they. hallstead sent.) 1909 mein. cumm seey cumm ack dhwast ghar bolane key tareeke seey jeevit haye. haalaanki yeh ack naamit sthaaniya sthalchinh thaa, highland park (1942) mein 90 riz road parr george mahler house koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa aur ack badey ghar key saath badal diyaa gayaa, lekin iska aabhaasi judvaan abhee bhee 12857 sekand parr haye. neel dweep mein maple avenue, 1950 mein villium shreeber key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, joe robbert seiferth key gujarane kaa varsh thaa. dha newyork times" key liye pulitzer puraskar vijeta vastukala aalochak, edaa luis huxetable ney 1968 key ack lekh mein iss ghatana key baare mein yeh utkrisht avalokan kiya, jisamen unhone tokyo mein frank lloyd raait key shaahi hotal (1923-1968) key vidhvans key baare mein likhaa thaah "vastukala key roop mein koee kalaa naheen haye. una sabhi thhos eenton aur pattharon kaa koee matlab naheen haye. concreet havaa kii tarah hii vikarn haye. hamari sabhyata key smaarak, aamtaur parr, molbhaav yogya achal sampatti parr khade hotey hain; bhoomi kaa moolya badhane key saath unakaa moolya cumm hoe jaataa haye. ... tark aur ganit aparivartaniya hain."seiferth kii imaraton key adhikansh vidhvans iss shreni mein aatey hain-unhein badee imaraton aur gharon dwara pratisthaapit karane key liye bahut cumm dhumdham key saath dhwast curr diyaa jaataa haye.
ack ullekhaniya apavaad haye. hubard/bratch house, joe vinetka, ill mein 595 sheridon road parr khadaa thaa, koo 2001 mein sthaaniya itihaskaron aur ilinois kii sthalchinh sanrakshan parishad kii kadee apattiyon parr ack vikaskarta dwara dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
sampatti key sanrakshan key liye shastragar mein ack hatrick thee joe ise dhwast honey seey rokani chaahiye thee, lekin vinnetka key paas ack kamjor aitihaasik adhyadesh thaa jisake liye ack prastaavit sthalchinh koo naamit karane seey pahale malik kii sahamati kii aavashyakta thee.
ghar teen ekad key bhukhand parr basaa thaa joe mishigan jheel koo dekhta thaa. yeh c.1854 banaaya gayaa thaa, aur 1871 mein gilbert hubbard kaa ghar bunn gayaa thaa, joe shahar key sansthaapak pitaa they aur isake ack badey hisse key vikaskarta they jise aaj hubbard woods kahaa jaataa haye. yeh ghar 1924 mein advin bratch (bratch key candy bhaagya key uttaradhikari) koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa, joe apane parivaar key saath 1999 taka ghar key malik they, jaba ise george garrick koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa, joe ack internet udyam poonjipati key roop mein ameer hoe gaye they. jiss samay bratch parivaar ney ise kharida thaa, usa samay ghar kaa ack mahatvapurna navinikaran kiya gayaa thaa jise seiferth dwara design kiya gayaa thaa, usa samay ise badey paimaane parr phir seey banaaya gayaa thaa aur aakar mein 11 kamaron taka badhaaya gayaa thaa. inn sabke bavjood, garrick ney mahsoos kiya kii ghar kaa koee vaastushilp yaa aitihaasik moolya naheen haye aur sampatti mein unaki ekmatra spasht ruchi usa bhoomi mein thee jiss parr yeh sthit thaa. ise kabje mein lene key turant baad unhone ghar key liye vidhvans kii anumati kaa anurodh kiya taaki sampatti koo dou nae gharon key liye upa-vibhajit kiya jaa sakey. ack majboot sanrakshan adhyadesh key binaa, gaanv vidhvans koo rokane key liye shaktiheen thaa, aur kissy anya awas mein aaney key asafal prayason key baad anumati dee gaee aur ghar koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa. anta mein, garrick ney kabhi bhee parcel vikasit naheen kiya. puraane ghar key tahakhaane koo bhar diyaa gayaa thaa aur lott koo apani praakritik sthiti mein lautane kii anumati dee gaee thee. baad mein unhone sampatti koo 500,000 dollar key nuksan mein betch diyaa aur california laut aae.
mukhya visheshataaen.
 halanki ack punarutthaanvaadi vastukar maanaa jaataa haye, seiferth key design maujooda kaam kii pandityapurna pratiyaan yaa usa samay lokpriya punruddhar vastukala key vishisht udaaharan bhee naheen they. iss tathya key bavjood kii unaki rachana saundarya apane pichhale niyokta kii tulanaa mein adhik paaramparik thee, seiferth ney maher (aur prayeri school) key kaee vichaaron koo avashoshit kiya thaa aur unhein apane swayam key vastukala darshan mein shamil kiya thaa. unaki imaraton ney apane maalikon koo vastukala pradaan kii joe sabse adyatit suvidhaon aur farsh kii yojana pradaan karati thee jinhen aadhunik maanaa jaataa thaa-lekin yeh saavdhaanipoorvak pahale key samay kii garmajoshi aur charitra seey prerit thaa. jiss ghar key liye aap lalayit they" key parichay seey-"yeye kuchh puraane vishva maanak, joe sahee dhang seey niyojit hain, hamari vartamaan sthitiyon key anuroop poori tarah seey dhaale gaye hain taaki way sahee houn... hamaare aadhunik udaaharan nakal naheen hain, balki praarambhik pradhaanmantriyon key vikas hain... hamein itani samriddh viraasat key saath, hamaare sabhi ghar iss tarah key kyon naheen honey chaahiye, inn shandar poorv prakaron key udaaharan joe design mein parivartan key kaaran seey parey thhos siddhanton parr banaae gaye they aur ack kalaatmak kripa rakhate they, jisase aaney vaali peedhiyan sthaayi prerana praapt curr sakati hain-rahane key liye banaai gaee aur khush karane key liye sushobhit-aaj key vishisht americi ghar key sthaayi guna honey chaahiye."yahaan unhone una vichaaron koo dohraya joe vastukar aur lekhak johnn wellborne root ney 1887 mein shikago architectural sketch club mein darshakon key saamane padhe gaye ack pepper mein vyakt kiye they joe baad mein" "antardeshiya vastukar" "(farwari, 1888, pp. 3-5): "abb, america mein, humm kalaatmak paramparaon seey mukt hain... sundarta kii ack naee bhavna vikasit aur paripurna hoe rahee haye, aur aaj bhee isaki pahali uplabdhiyaan hamein prasann karane luggy hain. yeh purani cheej naheen haye; yeh naee haye. yeh ateet seey nikalata haye, lekin yeh isase judaa naheen haye; yeh paramparaon kaa adhyayan kartaa haye, lekin yeh unake dwara gulam naheen haye. yeh mool kaam curr rhaa haye, aur yeh aur adhik kaam karega." 
aadhunik swaad key anuroop "puraane vishva manakon" kaa seiferth kaa anukoolan kaee tarikon seey kiya gayaa thaa. sabse pahale, seiferth ney apane andaruni hisson mein praakritik prakaash bhar diyaa. pahali manjil key pramukh kamaron mein jiss cheej ney ise sambhav banaaya, vaha thee farsh kii lambai vaali khidakiyan, joe yahaan aur anya jagahon parr aksar palladio key liye sweekarya seey chaudi theen, lekin way hamesha usa imarat key anupaat mein theen jisake way ack tatva they. oopari manjilon parr jahaan ulte shayankakshon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, soorya key prakaash koo seedhe kamare mein aaney kii anumati dee jaati haye kyonki baahar kii surang joe ack convention dormer kii chhat seey banaai gaee haye aur gaal kii divaaron kaa aadhaa kshetra vastutah samaapt hoe jaataa haye (oopar kii chhavi dekhein-soorya key prakaash kaa konn jaisa kii yahaan dikhaaya gayaa haye, shikago mein vasant aur sharad ritu key vishuv mein hoga). anya jagahon parr, samaan laabh pradaan karane key liye aksar khidakiyon key khaadiyon aur kinaaron koo shamil kiya jaataa thaa.
ack anya upkaran jiska kabhi-kabhi maher dwara kaafee naatakiya roop seey upayog kiya jaataa thaa (chhavi dekhein, oopari baaen) joe seiferth key kaam kii ack vishisht visheshta haye, vaha haye ghar kii mukhya sajawati visheshta key roop mein saamane key darwaaje kaa alankaran, aamtaur parr imarat parr baaki sub kuchh koo chhodkar. isane imaraton kii jyaamiti aur antim samagri koo apani vastukala shally key liye bolane kii anumati dee, aur joe dekhaa gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey taba, ack shatabdi key pichhale teen chauthai kii vastukala key utsaah key roop mein, usake vipareet kaary kiya. yahaan vaha mool aur lui sullivan dwara upadeshit baaton kaa abhyaas curr rahey theh "harr imarat mein saade satahon key moolya koo adhik naheen aanka jaanaa chaahiye. unake liye prayaas karein, aur jaba bhaagya aae 
apane paas chinai kaa ack achchha, udaar jhaadoo rakhein, ise spasht roop seey sweekaar karein aur bhagwan koo dhanyavaad dein."
- shikago architectural sketch club key saamane mool roop seey padhe gaye ack pepper seey, 3 janwari, 1887 aur baad mein "antardeshiya vastukar" mein prakaashit.aur
"...main ise swayam spasht roop seey letaa huun kii aabhushan seey rahit ack imarat, dravyamaan aur anupaat key aadhar parr ack mahaan aur garimapurna bhavna vyakt curr sakati haye. yeh mujhe spasht naheen haye kii aabhushan inn maulik gunon koo aantarik roop seey badhaa sakata haye. tou phir, hamein aabhushan kaa upayog kyon karna chaahiye? kyaa ack mahaan aur saral garima paryaapt naheen haye? ... mujhe kahana chaahiye kii yeh hamaare saundarya key liye bahut achchha hoga yadi humm kuchh varshon taka aabhushan key upayog seey poori tarah seey door rahein, taaki hamara vichaar achchi tarah seey nirmit aur nagna roop mein sunder imaraton key nirmaan parr teevra roop seey dhyaan kendrit curr sakey... iss kadam seey humm surakshit roop seey poochh sakate hain kii aabhushan kaa sajawati upayog sanrachanaon kii sundarta koo kiss hudd taka badhaayega-yeh unhein kyaa nayaa aakarshan dega... humm seekh gaye honge... vaha aabhushan mansik roop seey ack vilasita haye, aavashyak naheen haye, kyonki hamane seemaon key saath-saath alankrit janata key mahaan moolya koo bhee samajh liya hoga."
- 1892 mein "engineering patrika" mein prakaashit "vastukala mein aabhushan" sheershak seey sullivan key ack lekh seey.
varshon kii avadhi" key liye aksar mehar kii kathor shally mein kaam karane key baad, seiferth paaramparik roop seey prerit aabhushan key saath kaam karane key liye taiyar thaa, jise vivekpurna roop seey lagu kiya gayaa thaa. 
aur jaisa kii seiferth kaa kaam frank lloyd raait key kaam seey shaileegat roop seey alag haye, seiferth ney raait kii bhavna koo apanaaya...hamaare paas abb dou alag-alag cheejon key roop mein ack baahar aur ack ander naheen haye. abb baahar seey ander aaa sakata haye aur ander seey baahar bhee jaa sakata haye. way ack dusare key "hain."seiferth ney aksar ghar kii surakshaatmak chhat key neeche baahari rahane kii jagah koo design kiya thaa, lekin apane nivaasiyon koo taaji havaa aur suraj kii roshni key laabhon key liye ujagar kiya (gallery chhaviyon 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,16,18,19,20,21 aur 24 dekhein, halanki kuchh koo baad mein bund curr diyaa gayaa haye.) aur kendra mein sthit fireplaces joe raait dwara samarthit they, unaki pramukh chimani key saath, seiferth key kaam kii ack pramukh visheshta banane vaali thee. 
vartamaan yug kii ack visheshta, sarvavyaapi sanlagn gairaj (jiska safal samavesh spasht roop seey aaj bhee vastukaron koo bhramit curr rhaa haye), koo aksar mukhya ghar key design mein iss tarah key kaushal key saath shamil kiya gayaa thaa...samanya kisan vijay key baad seey hii automobile chalaa rahey honge." 
mahatvapurna kaary.
(george maher key sahayak key roop mein pahale dou). 
sandarbh.
notes
aage padhein

