
eucatech maaya bhasha

yucatech maaya (; isake vaktaaon dwara kewal maaya yaa key roop mein sandarbhit) ack maaya bhasha haye joe yukatan praaydweep aur uttari bellies mein bolly jaati haye. saine francisco mein eucatech maaya bolane vaalon kaa ack mahatvapurna pravaasi samudaay bhee haye, halanki adhikansh maaya americi gwatemala aur chiapas seey anya maaya bhaashaon key vaktaa hain.
vyutpatti.
americi maanavvigyaani victoria bricker dwara sankalit hokaba shabdakosh key anusaar, ack prakaar kaa naam haye, jiska shaabdik arth haye "sapaat bhaashan"). mayab kii ack lokpriya, lekin jhoothi, vaikalpik vyutpatti "maa yaab" yaa "bahut kuchh naheen" haye, joe maaya kii nae yug kii aadhyatmik vyakhyaon seey praapt hoti haye. bhasha key naam key roop mein "mayab" kaa upayog hokaba shahar key liye advitiya prateet hotaa haye, jaisa kii hokaba shabdakosh dwara ingit kiya gayaa haye aur iss kshetra mein yaa mexico mein kaheen aur, spanish yaa maaya bolane vaalon dwara niyojit naheen haye. jaisa kii hokaba mein upayog kiya jaataa haye, "mayab" bhasha kaa maanyata praapt naam naheen haye, balki isake bajaay ack "upnaam" haye joe iss kshetra key liye ack samanya upnaam, mayab ("mayab, teetar aur hiran kii bhoomi") seey liya gayaa haye, jiska upayog aupaniveshik kaal mein ubhara thaa. yeh upayog ack eucatech vidwan (1969) dwara swa-prakaashit pustak key sheershak seey bhee praapt hoe sakata haye. bhasha key naam key roop mein "maaya" kaa arth aur utpatti (banaam mayab) aur jaatiya pehchaan (nasleeya naam) key roop mein jatil prashn hain (dekhein vyutpatti aur samajik itihas key roop mein shabd kii jaatiya pehchaan aur bhasha kaa naam baaki (2004) aur baaki aur gabert (2017).
bhashavidon ney naam mein "eucatech" jodaa haye taaki ise baaki maaya bhaashaon (jaise kii key 'iche' aur itza ') seey spasht roop seey alag kiya jaa sakey. iss prakaar bhasha koo sandarbhit karane key liye eucatech maaya shabd kaa upayog vidvatapurna yaa vaigyaanik namkaran haye. deshi bolane vaale apani bhasha mein "maaya", "maaya 'tha' aana" yaa "masewal tha 'aana" (samanya bhasha) aur spanish bolate samay buss "(ell) maaya" kahate hue bhasha koo "eucatech" key roop mein yogya naheen maanate hain.
yucatan key maxican raajyon mein, campeche, tabasco, chiapas aur quintana ruu key kuchh hisson mein, 21veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein aabaadi key ack badey hisse kii matribhasha abhee bhee eucatac maaya haye. iss kshetra mein lagbhag 800,000 vaktaa hain. 2010 kii rashtriya janganana key anusaar bellies mein eucatech maaya key atirikt 2,518 vaktaa they.
haal hii mein, itihas aur maanav vigyaan key kshetron mein vidvaanon ney usa bhasha key liye "eucatech maaya" label key nirantar upayog key baare mein naitik aur raajneetik sawal uthaaye hain jise mool vaktaaon dwara kewal "maaya" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye aur naamit kiya jaataa haye (dekhein castenada (2021), castillo kokam (2021), hernandez rena aur castillo kokam (2021), restle (2004), restle aur gabert (2017). inn vidvaanon kaa tark haye kii "eucatech maaya" kaa upayog nava aupaniveshik sambandhon kii nirantarta aur prachaar koo prakat kartaa haye, vishesh roop seey bhashavigyan key vaigyaanik samrajyavad aur anglophone shikshaavidon key saanskritik varchasva koo. eucatech maaya" shabd kaa aavishkaar 20veen shatabdi key madhya mein bhashavidon dwara kiya gayaa thaa taaki way "maaya" shabd (bhasha kaa vaastavik naam) key upayog key saath khud koo bhramit naa karein jaba iska upayog sabhi maaya bhaashaon kii srot bhasha key sandarbh mein kiya jaataa thaa; iss srot bhasha koo abb "proto-maaya" naheen kahaa jaataa haye, balki ise proto-maayan kahaa jaataa haye. eucatech maaya" padnam koo humm vidvaanon kii peedhiyon dwara yukatan praaydweep koo sandarbhit karane key liye samajha gayaa haye. haalaanki, maxican logon key beach "yukateko", vishesh roop seey gair-shikshaavidon ney hamesha mukhya roop seey yukatan raajya (usee naam key saath praaydweep key uttar-paschimi koney mein sthit) aur vishesh roop seey, jaatiya-rashtriya pehchaan aur sanskriti kaa ullekh kiya haye. iss prakaar, quintana ruu key maaya bhashavidon, udaaharan key liye jaime chee aur edber disids yaam ney pehchaan kii haye kii yeh shabd vaastav mein bhram kaa parichay detaa haye, yeh dekhate hue kii maxican logon key beach aam samajh mein naam maaya poore praaydweep mein rahane vaale logon aur bhasha koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jabaki vakyansh "yucatech maaya" maaya bhasha kii ack bolly koo darshaata haye joe yukatan, mexico key raajya mein bolly jaati haye, isake vipareet maaya kii anya kshetriya boliyon jaise kii quintana ruu, yaa campatche aur uttari bellies mein bolly jaati haye. iss prakaar, uparokt vidvaanon kaa tark haye kii uchit naam key bajaay logon yaa bhasha koo sandarbhit karane key liye "eucatech maaya" vakyansh kaa upayog jaari rakhna, yaani iss bhasha key vaktaaon dwara upayog kiya jaane vaalaa maaya, ack anyaay hoga. ack jaatiya label key roop mein maaya kaa upayog karane aur naa kii maaya kaa upayog karane kii naee rajneeti parr dekhein -
itihas.
yucatech maaya, mayan bhasha parivaar kii yukatekan shakha kaa hissa haye. yukatekan shakha koo bhashavidon dwara upsamooh mopan-itza aur yucatech-lacandon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye. yeye chaar bhaashaon seey bunny hainh 
maanaa jaataa haye kii maaya bhasha parivaar kii sabhi bhaashaon kii utpatti ack paitrik bhasha seey hui haye joe lagbhag 5,000 saal pahale bolly jaati thee, jise proto-maayan key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
1517 esvi mein jaba spanish vijeta aae tou maaya mein sthir girawat aaee thee. 200 seey 800 esvi taka maaya samriddh hoe rahee thee aur badee takniki pragati curr rahee thee. unhone ankon aur chitralipion koo darj karane key liye ack aisee pranali banaai joe pahale kii tulanaa mein adhik jatil aur kushal thee. way uttar aur poorv kii or palenk, jaina aur bonampak seey yukatan praaydweep mein chaley gaye. 12veen aur 13veen shatabdi mein, teen mahatvapurna kendron, uksamal, chichen itza aur mayapan key beach yukatan praaydweep mein ack gathbandhan ubhara. samaaj kaa vikas huaa aur loga shaanti kii avadhi key dauran bauddhik aur kalaatmak upalabdhi kaa abhyaas karane mein saksham they. jaba yuddh chhid gayaa, tou aisee pragati rook gaee. 15veen shatabdi taka, mayan toltech dhaha gayaa aur usey chhod diyaa gayaa.
1502 mein spanish taaj key liye apane abhiyaan key dauran genois khojkarta christopher columbus ney yukatan key tata parr maaya vyapariyon key saath vyaapaar kiya, lekin unhone kabhi bhee landfall naheen kiya. maaya key saath columbus key pahale sampark key baad key dashak key dauran, yucatan mitty parr pair rakhane vaale pahale spaniard ney sanyog seey aisaa kiya, kyonki carribean mein ack jahaaj key tootane seey bache loga. maaya ney inn purushon mein seey adhikansh kaa sanskaarik roop seey balidan diyaa, kewal dou jeevit bache, geronimo dee aguiller aur gonzalo guerrero, joe kissy tarah anya spaniards mein phir seey shamil hoe gaye.
1519 mein, aguiller kozumel key yukatan dweep parr hernan cortes key saath gayaa, aur kendriya mexico kii vijay mein bhee bhaag liya. pahale mestizo key pitaa key roop mein guerrero ack maxican kinvadanti bunn gaeh aguiller key khaate seey, guerrero "mool nivasi hoe gayaa". unhone deshi mahilaaon seey shaadi kii, paaramparik deshi paridhan pahane aur spanish key khilaf ladaai ladee.
francisco dee montejo kii sainya ghuspaith mein teen peedhiyaan lageen aur teen yuddh hue, joe kull 24 varshon taka chaley.
jaise-jaise spanish upaniveshvaadi adhik kshetron mein buss gaye, 18veen shatabdi mein unhone badey makke key baganon aur pashu kheton key liye bhoomi vikasit kii. abhijaat varg key loga hassiendas mein rahate they aur praakritik sansadhanon koo vastuon key roop mein niryaat karate they. maaya 1542 seey 1821 taka spanish samrajya kii praja thee.
yukatan praaydweep key upanivesheekaran key dauran, spanish kaa maanana thaa kii maaya koo prachaar karane aur niyantrit karane key liye, unhein eucatac maaya mein sudhaar karane kii aavashyakta haye. way ise dhaarmik roopaantaran aur samajik niyantran key apane uddeshyon kii seva key liye aakar denaa chaahte they.
spanish dhaarmik missionaryon ney bhashai aur samajik parivartan kii ack pariyojana shuru kii jise "ridseon" (spanish "ridsear" seey) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye."missionaryon ney catholic dhaarmik granthon kaa spanish seey eucatech maaya mein anuvaad kiya aur catholic dhaarmik avadhaaranaon koo vyakt karane key liye navshabd banaae. ridseon" kii iss prakriya kaa parinam "maaya ridsido" thaa, joe eucatech maaya kaa ack shabdarth roop seey parivartit sanskaran thaa. missionaryon ney maaya dhaarmik prathaon koo samaapt karane aur sambandhit likhit karyon koo nasht karane kaa prayaas kiya. apane anuvaadon seey, unhone ack aisee bhasha koo bhee aakar diyaa jiska upayog yukatan praaydweep kii maaya aabaadi koo parivartit karane, adheen karane aur niyantrit karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. lekin maaya bolane vaalon ney aupaniveshik prabhutva kaa virodh karate hue apane uddeshyon key liye "maaya reducido" koo viniyojit kiya. maaya ridsido (joe roman varnamala kaa upayog kartaa thaa) mein sabse puraane likhit record 1557 aur 1851 key beach maaya notary dwara likhe gaye they. yeye kaam abb sanyukt raajya america, maxico aur spen mein pustakalayon aur abhilekhagar mein paae jaa sakate hain.
dhvanivigyaan.
anya maaya bhaashaon kii tarah, eucatech maaya kii ack visheshta, bahishkrit vyanjanon kaa upayog haih aksar glotalized vyanjanon key roop mein sandarbhit, way maukhik abhivyakti key usee sthaan parr utpaadit hotey hain jahan unake gair-abhikshepit viram samkaksh hotey hainh haalaanki, bhashai bund honey seey pahale bund glottis koo oopar uthaaya jaataa haye taaki glottis aur bund honey key bindu key beach kii jagah mein havaa kaa dabaav badhaaya jaa sakey, jisake parinamswarup ack visheshta "popp" dhwani key saath ack release hoti haye. dhwaniyon koo sadharan vyanjanon ("tha 'aana" "bhaashan" banaam "") seey alag karane key liye patra key baad ack apastrophy kaa upayog karke likhaa jaataa haye. "" "maathe" "). 20veen shatabdi taka likhit maaya mein dhwaniyon kaa sanket dene vaale apastroff aam naheen they, lekin abb adhik aam hoe rahey hain. mayan "bee" bhee glotalized haye, ack implosive haye, aur kabhi-kabhi "bee" likhaa jaataa haye, lekin yeh cumm aam hotaa jaa rhaa haye.
eucatech maaya kewal teen maaya bhaashaon mein seey ack haye, jisamen swar vikasit huaa haye, anya bhaashaaen uspantech aur zotzil kii ack bolly hain. eucatech chhote swaron aur lambe swaron koo alag kartaa haye, joe ekal banaam dohare aksharon (iie aa oo uu) dwara ingit kiye jaate hain, aur uchch aur nimn-swar vaale lambe swaron key beach. uchch-swar swar ack uchch swar parr shuru hotey hain aur vakyansh-antim sthiti mein girate hain lekin kaheen aur badhate hain, kabhi-kabhi adhik swar lambai key binaa. yeh ack teevra uchchaaran (íi ée áo úu) dwara likhit roop mein ingit kiya jaataa haye. nimn-swar swar ack nimn swar parr shuru hotey hain aur lambai mein banaae rahate hain; unhein kabhi-kabhi ack gambhir uchchaaran (íi èe áo уu) dwara likhit roop mein ingit kiya jaataa haye.
isake alawa, eucatech mein lambe swaron parr vipareet swaryantran (karkash aavaaj) hotaa haye, jise kabhi-kabhi ack poorna antar-mukhar glottle stop key madhyam seey mahsoos kiya jaataa haye aur beach mein ack apastrophy key saath ack lambe swar key roop mein likhaa jaataa haye, jaisa kii bahuvachan pratyay "-oh 'ob" mein hotaa haye.
vyanjan.
kuchh srot saade vyanjanon koo aspirated key roop mein varnit karate hain, lekin victoria bricker kaa kahana haye kii jinn sheershon koo glotalize naheen kiya gayaa haye, way binaa aspiration key fefadon kii havaa key saath vyakt kiye jaate hain, jaisa kii angreji spill, kaushal, abhee bhee."
swar.
swar gunavatta key sandarbh mein, eucatech maaya mein ack seedhi paanch swar pranali haih
inn paanch swar gunon mein seey pratyek key liye, bhasha chaar alag-alag swar "aakaron" key vipareet haye, arthaat.ee. swar kii lambai, swar aur dhvanyaatmak sanyojan. 1984 mein pahali baar apnai gaee maanak vartani mein, swar kii lambai koo degraph (ee.jee. "aaa" aaee. pee. aeye. key liye).
tej-tarrar bhaashan mein, glotalized lambe swaron koo saade lambe uchch swaron key samaan uchchaaran kiya jaa sakata haye, isaliye aise sandarbhon mein "kaa 'aana"' akash '"kaana" "key samaan hii lagata haye?'.
tanaav.
maaya shabd aamtaur parr ack lambe swar key saath sabse shuruati shabdansh parr jore diye jaate hain. yadi koee lamba swar naheen haye, tou antim shabdansh parr jore diyaa jaataa haye. spanish yaa nahuatla jaisi anya bhaashaon seey udhaar lene parr aksar mool bhaashaon kii tarah jore diyaa jaataa haye.
deboocalisation.
eucatech maaya mein ack mahatvapurna roopaatmak prakriya, ratna vyanjanon seey bachane key liye ack dusare key buggle mein samaan vyanjanon kaa vighatan haye. yadi koee shabd glotalized plosives/pee 'tii' key '/mein seey ack mein samaapt hotaa haye aur usake baad ack samaan vyanjan hotaa haye, tou antim vyanjan apane uchchaaran key bindu koo nipat sakata haye aur glottle stop/α/bunn sakata haye. yeh ack samanya muhaware yaa yaugik shabd key ander ack anya plosive seey pahale bhee hoe sakata haye. udaaharan-'yucatech maaya' (shaabdik roop seey, 'sapaat bhaashan'), aur 'naak'-(ack upsarg jiska arth haye 'paas') + 'kaana' 'akash' 'taaloo, chhat' detaa haye (isaliye shaabdik roop seey 'paas kaa akash').
iss beach, yadi antim vyanjan anya vyanjanon mein seey ack haye, tou yeh/h/: 'nak' 'to sth' + '-kúuns' (ack kaaran pratyay) koo rokane key liye 'nāhkúuns' detaa haye joe sb/sth '(cf. homophone "naah", "nahil", "ghar"; aur "naah", "naah", 'daayitva'), "naach " door '+"-chaah "(ack asthir pratyay)" nahcha "" door honey key liye "detaa haye.
antim vyanjan mein yeh parivartan aksar vartani mein parilakshit hotaa haye, isaliye "maaya 'taana", "maaya taana" aadi key roop mein dikhaai dey sakata haye.
adhigrahan.
dhvanivigyaan adhigrahan koo vishisht roop seey praapt kiya jaataa haye. yadi kissy bachche koo prem aur bhaai-bahanon key saath gambhir kathinaaiyaan prateet hoti hain, tou dusare bachche koo poorv bachche key vipareet, shabdarth samagri key prati samvedansheelta key saath mahatvapurna samasyaaen honey key dauran unake saath koee kathinaaee naheen hoe sakati haye.
dhvanyaatmak pratimanon mein koee vriddhisheel vikas naheen prateet hotaa haye. bhasha seekhane vaale ekalbhashi bachchon ney akanksha aur aprasaktata key adhigrahan koo dikhaaya haye, lekin bhaai-bahanon aur premiyon key saath kathinaaee, aur anya bachche isake vipareet dikhaate hain. isake alawa, kuchh bachchon koo aage vaale pultoalviolers, anya koo lamino-alviolars koo peechhe hataate hue dekhaa gayaa haye, aur phir bhee anya donon koo peechhe hataate hain.
glotalization koo akanksha seey adhik kathin naheen paaya gayaa. yeh eucatech maayan key ejective key upayog key saath mahatvapurna haye. vikasatmak padanukram mein glottle sankuchan adhik hotaa haye, aur [fricative], [epical], yaa [fortis] jaisi visheshataaen baad mein praapt kii jaati hain.
vyaakaran.
lagbhag sabhi maaya bhaashaon kii tarah, eucatech maaya kriya-praarambhik haye. shabd crum woss aur vaso key beach bhinn hotaa haye, jisamen woss sabse aam haye. kaee vaakya aiss. vee. oh. prateet hoe sakate hain, lekin yeh crum japani key samaan vishay-tippani pranali key kaaran haye. eucatech key sabse vyaapak roop seey adhyayan kiye gaye kshetron mein seey ack bhasha mein samay kaa shabdarth haye. duniya kii kaee anya bhaashaon (cheeni, kalalisut, yakinan gwarani aur anya) kii tarah eucatech mein bhee kaal kii vyaakaranik shreni naheen haye. laukik jaankaari koo pahalu, antarnihit shaabdik pahalu ("actionsart") aur vyaavhaarik roop seey niyantrit samvaadaatmak nishkarshon key sanyojan dwara kootbaddh kiya jaataa haye. eucatech 'pahale' aur 'baad' jaise asthaayi sanyojakon kii kamee mein asamanya haye. bhasha kaa ack anya pahalu mukhya-tark ankan ranneeti haye, joe dixon (1994) key prakaar mein ack 'drav pranali' haye, jahaan akarmak vishayon koo agents yaa rogiyon kii tarah kootbaddh kiya jaataa haye, joe kaee shabdarth gunon key saath-saath ghatana kii poornata parr adharit hotaa haye.
vartani.
poorv-kolambiyai samay mein maaya sakshar they, jaba bhasha maaya lipi kaa upayog karke likhi jaati thee. bhasha kaa pataa aadhunik eucatech maaya, itza, lacandon aur mopan key poorvaj proto-eukatecan seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye. aage bhee, yeh bhasha antatah proto-maayan key madhyam seey anya sabhi maaya bhaashaon seey sambandhit haye.
eucatech maaya abb lattin lipi mein likhi jaati haye. yeh 16veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein shuru hui yukatan kii spanish vijay key dauran pesh kiya gayaa thaa, aur usa avadhi kii spanish vartani ("aupaniveshik vartani") key abb-vishisht sammelanon koo eucatac maaya koo transcribe karane key liye anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa. isamen postalviller fricative dhwani key liye x kaa upayog shamil thaa (jise aksar angreji mein 's' key roop mein likhaa jaataa haye), ack aisee dhwani joe spanish mein taba seey ack weller fricative mein badal gaee haye joe aajkal 'j' likhaa jaataa haye.
aupaniveshik kaal mein ack "riverse see" (ω) kaa upayog aksar pratinidhitva karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa, jise abb adhik aam taur parr (aur sanshodhit almug vartani mein) key saath darshaaya jaataa haye.
aadhunik media aur lokpriya sanskriti mein upayog.
eucatech-bhasha karyakram cdi key radio station exxpuz-aim (expusil, campeche), zenka-aim (felip carillo puerto, kwintana ruu) aur zapet-aim (peto, yukatan) dwara sanchaalit kiya jaataa haye.
mell gibson dwara nirdeshit 2006 kii film "apocalypto" poori tarah seey eucatech maaya mein filmai gaee thee. patkatha kaa anuvaad felip carillo puerto key maaya samudaay key hillerio chee kainul dwara maaya mein kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone utpaadan parr ack bhasha prashikshak key roop mein bhee kaam kiya thaa.
video game mein, "maay key netaa, pakal, eucatech maay mein bolate hain.
agast 2012 mein, mozila translathon 2012 karyakram ney googal luptapray bhaashaon kii pariyojana, mozila brouser aur wikipedia aur anya wikimedia pariyojanaon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale media viki software key liye ack sthaaniyakaran prayaas mein 20 seey adhik eucatech maayan vaktaaon koo ack saath laaya.
"bucktoon", "pahali baar maaya telenovella", kaa premiere agast 2013 mein huaa thaa.
yeeshu putt chabale koo aksar maaya bhasha key pahale rapper aur nirmaataon mein seey ack honey kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye.
2018 key video game "shaddo off dha tomb redder" mein, khel key pattity kshetra key nivasi eucatech maaya mein bolate hain (jabaki visarjan mode chaalu haye).
aadhunik bible sanskaran, "pavitra granthon kaa nayaa vishva anuvaad" 2019 mein maaya bhasha mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa. ise mudrit aur online donon sanskaranon mein binaa kissy shulk key vitarit kiya gayaa haye.
4 disambar, 2019 koo, yukatan kii congress ney sarvasammati seey raajya key schools mein maaya bhasha key shikshan kii aavashyakta vaale upaay koo manjuri dee.
2022 kii film mein eucatech maaya koo kaalpanik paani key neeche key raajya talokan aur usake raajaa kukulkan dwara bolaa gayaa haye.
baahari link.
bhasha pathyakram.
mexico mein vishvavidyalayon aur niji sansthanon key alawa, (eucatech) maaya bhee yahaan padhaaya jaataa haih 
muft online shabdakosh, vyaakaran aur granthh