maark-august chitra

maark-august pictate (23 julaai 1752-19 aprail 1825) ack swiss vaigyaanik patrakaar aur prayogaatmak praakritik daarshanik they.
seekhane mein pictate kaa mukhya yogdan mahaan britten mein utpann gyaan aur kalaa key mahadweep parr prasaar key liye samarpit ack prakaashan "bibliothech britannic" (1796-1815) key vaigyaanik khand kaa unakaa sampadan thaa. unakaa apana vaigyaanik shodh bhautik vigyaan, vishesh roop seey calorimetry, lekin khagol vigyaan, bhoovigyaan, mausam vigyaan aur praudyogiki, vishesh roop seey kalanukram aur maheen mitty key bartanon key nirmaan key kshetron parr kendrit thaa.
jeevan.
unakaa janm 23 julaai 1752 koo jineva ganarajya mein huaa thaa, charles pictate key bete, neetherland key bhaade key sainikon mein sewarat ack sainya adhikaari, aur unaki patni, mairi dunent.
maark-auguste ney geneva kii akadami mein praakritik darshan aur kaanoon kaa adhyayan kiya aur 1774 mein ack vakeel key roop mein arhata praapt kii. ingland mein ack saal (1775-76) key baad, vaha geneva vedhshala mein jacks-andrey mallet key sahayak baney aur mausam vigyaan aur maanchitra-nirmaan mein ruchi lii. 1778 mein, unhone apane master horres-benedict dee sausur key saath mont-blanck key aspas apani pahali yatra kii. 1786 mein, way geneva akadami mein praakritik darshan key professor key roop mein unake uttaradhikari baney.
iss samay taka, unhone ack prayog key saath sosser kii sahaayata kii thee joe baad mein infrared vikiran key astitva koo pradarshit kartaa thaa. count rumford dwara 'pictates experiment' naamak ack anuvarti prayog mein, pictate ney paaya kii dou avtal darpanon kaa upayog karke burf key ack flask seey ack thermometer parr vikiran koo kendrit karke, thhand key prabhaavon koo usee tarah seey pratibimbit kiya jaa sakata haye jaise garmi key prabhaav. garmi parr unake prayogon kaa parinam 1790 mein "esai sur leey phee" (angreji anuvaadah "aine nibandh onn fayer", 1791) key roop mein prakaashit huaa thaa. iss samay way pahale seey hii rasayan vigyaan parr lavoiseer key vichaaron mein parivartit hoe chuke they.
1791 mein, pictate key baarah sansthaapak sadasyon mein seey ack thaa. 1796 mein, unhone, unake chhote bhaai charles aur unake dost fredrick-guillem mauris ney "bibliothech britannic" naamak ack masik patrika kaa sampadan karna shuru kiya, jisamen davie, holl, hershell, leslie, playfair, rumford aur wollston jaise vidvaanon dwara angreji mein prakaashit mahatvapurna vaigyaanik patron key anuvaad kiye gaye they. vaigyaanik aur takniki vishayon key alawa, patrika ney british saahitya key uddharan aur krishi parr lekh prakaashit kiye. 1815 key baad, iss aavadhik mein anya europeeya samagri (mukhya roop seey french, german aur italvi) shamil thee aur taba seey "bibliothech universale dee jenev" key naam parr liya gayaa.
geneva vedhshala (1790-1819) key dusare nideshak key roop mein, pictate ney ack mausam vigyaan station kii sthaapana kaa nireekshan kiya. 1817 mein, unhone mahaan station parr ack atirikt station sthaapit kiya. alps mein bernard parvat.
1815 mein, varsh geneva ney swiss sangh, chitra kaa paalan kiya, aur isake nirmaan mein mukhya agent they.
pictate 1791 seey landan key shaahi samaaj key ack saathi they, 1796 seey edinberg key shaahi samaaj key ack saathi they, 1802 seey akadami days sciences key ack "associate libre" they, aur 1808 seey vigyaan aur manaviki kii bavarian akadami key sadasya they. unaki visheshagyata, sambandh aur patrachar network mein saikadon vidwan shamil they, joe poore paschimi europe aur sanyukt raajya taka faile hue they. 1795 mein rashtrapati george washington koo likhe ack patra mein, thomas jefferson ney likhaa kii unhone chitra aur apane sahyogiyon (sausur aur senbier sahit) koo "europe key sakshar logon mein sabse agrani" key roop mein dekhaa.
viraasat.
1990 seey, bhautiki aur praakritik itihas key geneva samaaj ney vigyaan key itihas mein ack vaarshik puraskar kii peshkash kii haye jise dha. yeh "ack aise vidwan koo vaarshik padak bhee pradaan kartaa haye jisake kaam koo vigyaan key itihas mein ack pradhikaran key roop mein maanyata praapt haye. vijetaon koo vishvavidyalaya key professors aur kshetra visheshagyon key ack panel dwara chunaa jaataa haye.
chandra crater kaa naam unake sammaan mein 1935 mein khagolvidon blagg aur muller dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa.
parivaar.
1766 mein, unhone suzain francois turretini (1757-1811) seey shaadi kii. dampati kii teen betiyaan theenh dorothy mairi annie (1777-1841), jinhone raajya key swiss paarshad seey shaadi kii, carolin (1780-1841) aur albertin (1785-1834).

