
yuva bhikhaari

yuva bhikhaari spanish chitrakaar bartolom esteban murillo dwara ack (lagbhag 1645-1650) shally kii painting haye. ack yuva ladke key chitra mein khud koo prasfutit karane key kaaran "juon seey grast ladke" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, "yuva bhikhaari" murillo dwara ack sadak archin kaa pahala gyaat chitran haye.
yeh 17veen shatabdi mein spanish bachchon kii garibi seey prabhaavit thaa aur michel angelo merisi daa carvagio kii shally kaa paalan kartaa thaa. murillo kii painting ack anath bachche parr kendrit haye aur prakaash aur chhaaya kii ack poorak takneek kaa upayog karati haye. ise spanish barok painting key unake sabse lokpriya karyon mein seey ack key roop mein dekhaa gayaa haye aur ack baar ise lui XVI key shaahi sangrah mein rakhaa gayaa thaa.
yeh vartamaan mein peris key lauver sangrahalaya mein sthit haye.
itihas.
garibi mein bachchon key chitron koo nimn-jeevan shally key drishyon kii lambi flamish parampara key kaaran flanders mein bahut saraha gayaa, jisamen bhojanalaya key drishya bhee shamil they.
spen key swarn yug key antim mahaan chitrakaron mein seey ack key roop mein, murillo sabse badhkar ack dhaarmik chitrakaar they, joe santon aur masih key apane bhavya chitran key liye jaane jaate they. garibon mein unaki ruchi shayed franciscan key daan key siddhant seey sambandhit thee, jinake liye unhone aksar kaam kiya thaa. seville key franciscan logon key liye, unhone chitron kaa ack chakr chitrit kiya, jiska sheershak thaa "swargadooton kii rasoi".
drishya vishleshan.
vishay vastu.
yeh kalaa nissandeh swarn yug key dauran seville kii sadakon parr badey paimaane parr hoe rahey dukh seey prerit thee. 17veen shatabdi mein, spen mein parityakt bachchon key saath duvidha thee jinhen khud koo bachaana thaa. "yuva bhikhaari" inn bachchon mein seey ack koo darshaata haye joe juon seey khud koo mukt karane key beach mein haye.
murillo koo satrahavin shatabdi key spen mein kharaab prabandhan key parinamswarup seville kii sadakon parr rahane vaale anath bachchon kii visheshta vaale shally key chitron kii ack shrinkhala banaane key liye prerit kiya gayaa thaa. dharm mein matbhedon key kaaran logon key beach naa kewal sangharsh thaa, balki aisee vipattiyaan bhee theen joe bachchon koo prabhaavit karati theen. yeye vishesh kathinaaiyaan hii murillo key chitron kaa vishay bunn gaeen.
murillo apani parvarish key kaaran iss tarah key karyon koo banaane key liye prabhaavit hoe sakate they aur unhone apane chaaron or kii cheejon seey prerana lii. ack bachche key roop mein, vaha anath thaa aur rishtedaron dwara paalaa gayaa thaa. unakaa bachpan bhee sadak parr rahane vaale bachchon kii iss shrinkhala koo prerit curr sakata thaa.
garib varg key nagrikon aur nimn jeevan key yuvaaon key murillo key chitra bhee usa samay key spanish picaresk saahitya kii lokpriyata seey prabhaavit they. upanyaskar miguel dee sarvantes, joe dusht nayakon aur moorkh shurveeron kii kahaaniyon koo chitrit karane key liye jaane jaate they, key kaam murillo key liye ack badee prerana they.
shally.
"dha young begger" murillo key pahale key karyon key vipareet haye, joe unake shikshak george castillo aur francisco dee jurbaran aur alonzo canoe jaise kalakaron kii shally kaa anusaran karate they. isake bajaay, yeh prakaash aur chhaaya key spasht virodhabhas kaa upayog kartaa haye, joe kii italvi chitrakaar, carvagio kii shally kii tarah haye.
yeh murillo kii utkrisht shally koo darshaata haye, joe kushal brushwork key saath-saath chiaroscuro kaa upayog kartaa thaa, joe apane vishay koo ack antarang vivaran detaa thaa. iss shally ney surr joshua reynolds, johnn constable aur edward manet jaise bhavishya key kalakaron koo prabhaavit kiya.
rachana.
murillo prakaash aur chhaaya key beach ack poorak virodhabhas kaa upayog kartaa haye, jise tenebrism key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, jaisa kii painting key oopar baain or khidakiyon key saath dekhaa jaataa haye. ladka neeche daaeen or vipareet koney parr baithata haye, apane shareer koo juon seey saaf kartaa haye. usake kapade fatey hue hain aur aisaa lagata haye kii anya kapadon seey samagri kaa upayog karke phir seey boya gayaa haye. ladke key baaen ghutane mein aadhe khaae gaye jheenge kaa dher hotaa haye, aur usake daahine pair mein painting key baain or seb kii tokri hoti haye.
vyaakhyaaen.
farsh parr jheenga aur seb kii tokri key tukadon key aadhar parr, yeh vyakhya kii jaa sakati haye kii yeh ladka khaane key baad aaraam curr rhaa haye.
swayam koo prafullit karane key kaary koo apane munn aur shareer key niyantran mein rahane key ack tareeke key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, ack swachchh kaary joe aksar dutch shally key chitron mein maataon dwara kiya jaataa haye.
joe baat "yuva bhikhaari" koo bhaavnaatmak roop seey aakarshak banaati haye vaha yeh haye kii ladka apani kharaab paristhiti seey kaise aprabhaavit rahata haye. ladke kii tulanaa picarsk upanyaas "donn quixot" key rosinant naamak ghode seey kii gaee haye, joe myguel dee survantes dwara likhaa gayaa thaa, jiska ack ajib vyaktitva thaa aur jisane bojhil kaary kiye they. rosinant koo ack nimn gunavatta vaale ghode key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa joe ladke kii tarah keeton seey grast thaa.
swaagat.
murillo key dhaarmik karyon key vipareet, "yuva bhikhaari" kii turant kalaa key ack uchch kaary key roop mein prashansa naheen kii gaee thee. murillo kii aalochana ack aadarsh archin banaane parr bahut adhik dhyaan kendrit karane key liye kii gaee thee, joe vaastav mein seville mein spanish garibi kii kathor vaastaviktaon koo pratibimbit naheen kartaa thaa.
iss painting kii aalochana chamakati roshni aur mudraon kaa upayog karane key liye bhee kii gaee thee joe aksar bahut naatakiya yaa naatakiya hotey they. haalaanki, iss aalochana koo baad mein vivaadit curr diyaa gayaa kyonki baad kii vyakhyaon mein ise kaam key ack guna key roop mein dekhaa gayaa; kyonki painting mein yuva ladka apani kharaab sthiti seey prabhaavit naheen thaa, yahee vaha thaa jisane usey aakarshit kiya.
phir bhee murillo key karyon koo nuksan huaa jaba anya kalakaron ney usee vishay kii kharaab pratiyaan banaane kaa prayaas kiya; haalaanki joe baat unaki pratishtha koo sabse adhik prabhaavit karati thee, vaha thee kalakar dwara swayam kabhi bhee apani kaee kalakritiyon parr hastakshar naheen karane key kaaran.
yeh rokoko kaal taka naheen thaa jaba "yuva bhikhaari" aur sadak key bachchon key samaan vishay chitra adhik moolyavaan hoe gaye. spen key baahar, sadakon parr bachchon kaa pratinidhitva karane mein murillo key kaushal kii prashansa kii gaee. 1658 key aspas darj kii gaee, yeh painting graze inn, landan mein pradarshit kii gaee thee, joe saabit karati haye kii mool koo 1650 key dashak kii shuruat mein seville key baahar kaise sthanantarit kiya gayaa thaa. ladke angur aur tarbooj khaate hain" jaise chitra, mool roop seey "dou spanish ladke angur khaate hain" naam diyaa gayaa, ack aur aisee painting thee jisane murillo kii lokpriyata koo unake spanish ghar seey parey surakshit kiya.
sangrah.
murillo key street archin aur bheekh maangane vaale bachchon key chitra barok kaal key anta mein lokpriya hoe gaye aur entwerp, rotterdam aur landan key shaharon mein niji collectors koo beche gaye. way jyaadaatar vyapariyon aur sangrahakartaon dwara khareede gaye they joe apane niji pradarshan key liye kaam karna chaahte they.
"yuva bhikhaari" murillo key sabse lokpriya tukadon mein seey ack thaa aur ise lebroon naamak ack vyaapaari dwara kharida gayaa thaa, jise taba lui XVI koo unake shaahi sangrah key liye diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh ack durlabh upalabdhi thee kyonki murillo teen spanish chitrakaron mein seey kewal ack they, jinhone apane karyon koo sangrah mein rakhaa thaa, anya dou they diago velazquez aur francisco collantes.