darshan kii garibi

dha garibi off philosophy ("misere dee laa philosophy") carle marks kii ack pustak haye joe 1847 mein peris aur brussels mein prakaashit hui thee, jahan way 1843 seey 1849 taka nirvaasan mein rahey they. yeh mool roop seey francisi arajaktawadi piyare-joseph garvan kii aarthik aur daarshanik tarkon kii aalochana key roop mein francisi mein likhi gaee thee, joe unaki 1846 kii pustak "aarthik virodhabhason kii pranali, yaa garibi key darshan" mein ullikhit haye."
itihas.
garv key vichaar.
piyare-joseph garvan (1809-1865) ack francisi arajaktawadi siddhantkar they jinhone vyakti aur raajya key beach sambandhon parr vyaapak roop seey likhaa thaa. garvan ack suvyavasthit samaaj mein vishvaas karate they, lekin unhone tark diyaa kii raajya aadhikarik hinsa kii ack avaidh ekagrata kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye joe ack nyaaypurna samaaj key nirmaan key kissy bhee prayaas koo prabhaavi roop seey cumm kartaa haye. garvan ney sabhi raajneetik karyon koo varg sahyog key roop mein aswikar curr diyaa, lekin isake bajaay tark diyaa kii shramik varg akele aarthik kaarravaai key madhyam seey apana moksh praapt curr sakata haye; rajneeti seey door rahane kii vakaalat maujooda raajya aur usake raajneetik tantra key antim unmoolan key drishtikon seey kii gaee thee.
garvan kaa maanana thaa kii rajyaviheen bhavishya itihas key lohe key kaanoonon dwara poorv nirdhaarit naheen thaa, balki ack aisee aabaadi kaa sachet nirmaan thaa joe naitik roop seey jaagrit hoe gayaa thaa. imandari, shalinta, aatm-sammaan aur vyaktigat jimmedaari parr adharit iss aavashyak naitikta koo shramik varg kaa ack antarnihit hissa maanaa jaataa thaa-kuchh aisaa jise vikasit kiya jaanaa chaahiye aur usa parr jore diyaa jaanaa chaahiye.
isake vipareet, udyogpatiyon, vyapariyon aur joe unaki seva karate hain, unhein unaki dinn-pratidin kii aarthik aur raajneetik gatividhi kii prakriti key kaaran iss naitikta koo vikasit karane mein asamarth maanaa jaataa thaa. shram key kaary koo samajik roop seey utkrisht maanaa jaataa thaa, jabaki raajneetik bull dwara samarthit aarthik shoshan key kaary koo swabhavik roop seey bhrasht maanaa jaataa thaa. isaliye, garv seey mazdoor varg aur anya sabhi key beach ack sakht algavvad kii ghoshana kii.
nirvaasan mein carle marks.
carle marks ney 1843 kii shuruat mein prussia kii sarkaar dwara sampaadit samachar patra, dha rainishe zitung key daman key baad germany chhod diyaa. vaha peris mein utare, jahan way octuber 1843 seey disambar 1845 taka rahey. vahaan way pahali baar garv seey mille, joe pahale seey hii ack prasiddh kattarpanthi lekhak they, aur unaki chaar pustaken theen. ack sambhaavit francisi sahayogi key roop mein ack appeal kiye jaane key bavjood, garvan ney durbhagyapurna "german-franzish jaharbuchar" (german-francisi vaarshik pustak) pariyojana mein bhaag lene seey incar curr diyaa, jisake saath marks ghanishth roop seey judaa huaa thaa.
halanki donon key beach vyaktigat sampark seemit thaa, marks ney iss samay garv key lekhan koo padhaa, jisaki charcha usa avadhi key unake kaam mein paaee jaa sakati haye, jisamen bruno baur key khilaf likhi gaee pustak, "pavitra parivaar" (1845), aur 1844 kii aprakaashit "aarthik aur daarshanik paandulipiyaan" shamil hain. prakaashit pustak marks ney baur key pratispardhi vichaaron key khilaf garv key kuchh vichaaron koo mahatvapurna samarthan diyaa.
marks vishesh roop seey 1845 taka garv key lekhan kii vyaapak prakriti aur chhote avlokanon seey badey sambandh banaane kii baad vaale kii ichcha kii or aakarshit they. unaki pustak mein "sampatti kyaa haye?"garv ney niji sampatti seey ubharate samajik sambandhon aur badhati sankhya mein sampatti rahit sarvahara varg kaa utpaadan karane kii aarthik vikas kii pravritti parr jore diyaa-aise vichaar joe marks koo sammohak lagey. haalaanki, marks kii garv kii prashansa aseemit naheen thee, kyonki unhone mahsoos kiya kii garv koo poori tarah seey samajh mein naheen aaya kii jiss tarah seey majdoori aur paisa, udaaharan key liye, khud niji sampatti key roop they.
1845 mein francisi sarkaar ney marks koo peris seey baahar nikalane key liye majboor kiya, jisamen brussels, belgium unake agale gantavya they. france seey prasthaan key bavjood, unhone garv koo ack sambhaavit raajneetik sahayogi key roop mein dekhana jaari rakhaa, 1846 mein unhein landan sthit shramikon key shaikshik sangh key baad ack naee antarrashtriya patrachar samiti mein bhaag lene key liye kahaa, jise mahadvipiya europe key shramik varg key beach samajwadi vichaaron kaa prachaar karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa. garvan ney marks kii appeal kaa saavdhaanipoorvak jawab diyaa. shayed aanshik roop seey isake parinamswarup, marks aur unake mitra aur raajneetik sahayogi ney apane sangathanaatmak prayason koo ack sthaapit raajneetik nikaay, leag off dha just mein badal diyaa.
marks kaa "darshan kii garibi".
marks ney 1846 key anta mein garv kii pustak padhee aur apane russie samvaadaata pee koo ack lamba patra likhate hue dridhata aur nakaratmak pratikriya dee.vee. 28 disambar, 1846 koo anenkov ney apane vichaaron kii ack vistrit vyakhya key saath joe unaki 1847 kii pustak kaa mool bunn gayaa. unhone agali janwari mein ack pustak-lambai key aupchaarik jawab parr kaam karna shuru kiya, vasant mein kaam puuraa kiya aur aprail 1847 mein press mein jaane lagey.
iss pustak kaa aupchaarik sheershak "darshan kii garibih garibi key darshan kaa jawab" haye. garv", julaai 1847 kii shuruat mein brussels aur belgium mein mudrit huaa. pustak koo francisi bhasha mein likhaa gayaa thaa taaki isake lakshya koo sabse karib seey maaraa jaa sakey aur ack sheershak key kaatane key liye sabse spasht roop seey prastut kiya jaa sakey. marks key aspas key raajneetik mandal dwara iss pustak koo apane samkaaleen karyakram key ack pramukh bhaag key roop mein communist leag key roop mein sangathit kiya gayaa thaa, joe garvit aur unake anuyaayiyon dwara samarthit logon seey leag key vichaaron koo chitrit kartaa thaa.
kuchh hudd taka aashcharyajanak roop seey, 1847 mein isake praarambhik vimochan key baad, 1883 mein marks kii mrityu seey pahale "darshan kii garibi" koo kabhi bhee poorna roop seey punah prakaashit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. pustak kaa pahala german sanskaran pahali baar 1885 mein prakaashit huaa thaa; shram samooh kii mukti dwara ack russie bhasha anuvaad (осомогение труда) 1886 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa. 1896 mein ack sanshodhit doosara french sanskaran, jise friedrich engels dwara shuru kiya gayaa thaa aur marks kii betty, laura lafarg dwara unaki mrityu key baad puuraa kiya gayaa thaa.
darshan kii garibi" key pahale angreji bhasha sanskaran kaa anaavaran 1900 mein agrani markswadi prakaashak beesavin shatabdi key press dwara landan mein kiya gayaa thaa. iss sanskaran kaa anuvaad british samajwadi hairi quelch dwara kiya gayaa thaa. quelch key sanskaran koo pahali baar 1910 mein charles aich dwara sanyukt raajya america mein dohraya gayaa thaa. cair aind koo.shikago mein sthit ack samajwadi prakaashan ghar.
samagri.
garv key khilaf marks key vivaad kaa swar shuru seey hii sett kiya gayaa haye, jisamen ack prastaavana key badale mein ack majakia cutt haih
"aim. garvan koo europe mein vishesh roop seey galat samajha jaane kaa durbhagya haye. france mein, unhein ack kharaab arthashastri honey kaa adhikaar haye, kyonki way ack achche german daarshanik key roop mein pratishthit hain. germany mein, unhein ack kharaab daarshanik honey kaa adhikaar haye, kyonki way francisi arthshastriyon mein sabse yogya maane jaate hain. ack hii samay mein ack german aur ack arthashastri honey key naate, humm iss dohri truti key khilaf virodh karna chaahte hain... - carle marks, brussels, 15 juuna, 1847."
halanki isake sheershak mein "darshan" shabd koo pramukhta seey chitrit kiya gayaa haye, "darshan kii garibi" anivarya roop seey raajneetik arthavyavastha kii aalochana key vishay seey sambandhit ack pustak haye-pahale angreji bhasha key anuvaadak hairi quelch ney daavaa kiya kii iss kaam mein "utpaadan aur vitaran kii poonjiwadi pranali key apane vistrit vishleshan key saath-saath moolya key kaanoon key alawa" poori tarah seey "poonji" mein vistrit siddhanton kii aadhar rachana shamil haye. raajneetik arthavyavastha mein dvandvavaad koo lagu karane kii vidhi parr bahas karane key liye, unhone hegel key "tark vigyaan" kaa hawala diyaa. aur marks upbhog curr aur hadtaal kaarravaai seey incar parr garv key vichaar koo aswikar curr detaa haye. pustak key anta mein, unhone george saind key shabdon kaa hawala diyaah "yuddh yaa mrityuh khooni sangharsh yaa vilupt honah. iss prakaar yeh prashn apariharya roop seey rakhaa gayaa haye."unhone johnn gray key siddhant kaa bhee hawala diyaa. vaastav mein, iss pustak koo ack soviyat vidwan ney "paripakva markswad key pahale karyon mein seey ack" kahaa haye."
viraasat.
1956 mein arthashastri johnn robbinson ney "darshan kii garibi" key ack nae british sanskaran kii sameeksha mein ghoshana kii kii aadhunik arthshastra key drishtikon seey garv key saath marks kaa vivaad kewal "atyadhik vishesh ruchi kaa ack mrit ghodaa" thaa."usane likhaah
"manoranjan kaa moolya...mahaan naheen haye. darshan kii garibi" mein isake sheershak key alawa koee buddhi naheen haye; garv key vichaar shuru mein kaafee bhramit they, aur marks kii prastuti unhein poori tarah seey adrishya banaati haye, taaki tark kaa paalan karane seey bahut cumm khel nickle sakey. iss pustak key kuchh ansh bahut moolyavaan hain, joe 'marks kaa vaastav mein kyaa arth haye' mein ruchi rakhane vaale kissy bhee vyakti key liye samaan hain. kuchh mayanon mein way "poonji" key saath vahee sambandh rakhate hain joe marshel kaa "shuddh siddhant" unake "siddhanton" key saath kartaa haye. praarambhik aur laghu sanskaran mein spasht vichaaron koo baad mein aspashtata mein vistaar seey bataaya gayaa."
halanki vyaapak roop seey maanyata praapt aur samay-samay parr punah jaari sheershak, "darshan kii garibi" koo markswadi vichaar key maulik karyon mein seey ack key roop mein naheen maanaa jaataa haye, jiska udaaharan 1930 key dashak mein masco key marks-engels-lenin sansthaan key tatvavdhan mein kaee deshon mein ack saath prakaashit dou khand "carle maarksah chayanit karyon" seey isaki chook haye.
1975 mein "marks-engels sangrahit karyon" key sanyukt soviyat-british-americi prakaashan key khand 6 key prakaashan key saath kaam kaa ack nayaa anuvaad dikhaai diyaa.
"darshan kii garibi" rapper amar takneek key ack geet kaa sheershak haye.

