coffey charriyana

coffia charriyana, jise chariyar coffey key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, "coffia" vansh key foolon key paudhe kii ack prajaati haye. yeh madhya africa mein cameroon key liye ack caffein mukt coffey paudha haye. yeh madhya africa mein darj kiya gayaa pahala caffein-mukt "coffey" haye, aur africa mein darj kiya jaane vaalaa doosara haye. pahali caffein-mukt prajaati kii khoj pahale kenya mein kii gaee thee, jiska naam "see" thaa. chhadm-bhasha ". arizona raajya vishvavidyalaya mein prajaati anveshan key liye antarrashtriya sansthaan aur vargeekaranvidon aur vaigyaanikon kii ack samiti ney "see" koo vote diyaa. 2008 mein varnit sheersh 10 prajaatiyon mein seey ack key roop mein charriyana.
vargeekaran.
"coffia charriyana" koo "rubiacy" parivaar aur "coffia" key vansh key tahat vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. way vartamaan mein ushnakatibandhiya africa aur asia mein faile "coffey" kii 120 prajaatiyan hain, jinamen dou prajaatiyan hain; "coffey arabica" aur "coffey canfora" duniya bhar mein coffey sanyantra utpaadan parr haavi hain, joe utpaadan kaa 99 pratishat banaate hain.
vitaran aur nivaas sthaan.
yeh paudha bakosi vann abhayaranya mein paschimi cameroon key liye sthaanik haye. yeh 160 meater kii oonchaai aur 300 meater kii ausat oonchaai kii chattani dhalanon parr geele varshaavan key nivaas sthaan mein ugataa haye. yeh apane kamjor nichale vann nivaas mein lakadi key kataai aur taad key tail key utpaadan key liye vanon kii kataai seey atyadhik khatare mein haye.
itihas.
"coffey charriyana" kii khoj 2008 mein kii gaee thee aur nishkarsh linian society kii vanaspati vigyaan patrika mein "cameroon seey ack naee caffeen mukt coffey" naamak ack pepper mein prakaashit kiye gaye they. iss paudhe kaa naam pepper key lekhakon, peat stauffellan aur francois anthony dwara professor aeye key sammaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. chariyar jinhone coffey udyog kii disha mein mahatvapurna prayaas kiye they. unake kaam mein 20veen shatabdi key antim 30 varshon key liye vikas key liye sansthaan anusandhaan (aaee. aar. dee.) mein coffey prajanan anusandhaan aur sangrah kaa netritva karna shamil thaa. unhone 1988 seey 1993 taka aanuvanshik sansadhanon key francisi karyalaya (bee. aar. jee.) mein bhee ack pada sambhala. way vartamaan mein rashtriya krishi anusandhaan sansthaan (aaee. aine. aar. aeye.) mein anusandhaan nideshak key roop mein kaam curr rahey hain, joe paadap aanuvanshiki aur prajanan parr dhyaan kendrit curr rahey hain.
vikas key liye anusandhaan sansthaan (aaee. aar. dee.), jaiv vividhata antarrashtriya, praakritik itihas kaa peris sangrahalaya aur 1966-1987 mein francisi krishi anusandhaan kendra, maidagaskar, comoros, muscaren dweepon, ginny, hathidant tata, cameroon, madhya africa, congo, ethiopia, kenya aur tanzania key coffey paudhon key sahyog key parinamswarup ekatra kiye gaye they. see" seey kaatna. charriyana koo pahali baar 1985 mein madhya africa mein cameroon mein bakosi vann abhayaranya seey 70 anya "coffey" prajaatiyon key saath ekatra kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen seey kaee kii pahale seey hii vargeekaran key roop mein pehchaan kii gaee thee. halanki "see. charriyana kii pehchaan pahale seey pahachaani gaee "coffey" prajaatiyon seey roopaatmak roop seey alag honey key liye kii gaee thee, aage kaa kaam 1997 taka naheen kiya gayaa thaa. 1997 mein kataai koo vikas key liye anusandhaan sansthaan (aaee. aar. dee.) koo bheja gayaa thaa jisamen beej coat key avalokan, pattiyon key shaaririk avalokan aur jaiv rasayanik vishleshan jaise aage key adhyayan kiye gaye they. yeh 2008 taka naheen thaa kii iss prajaati key roopaatmak aur aanuvanshik adhyayan key baad, ise "coffey" kii ack naee prajaati key roop mein maanyata dee gaee thee. genotyping vishleshan seey pataa chalata haye "see. charriyana "ack samanya poorvaj 11.15 million saal pahale seey alag hoe gayaa thaa.
varnan.
"coffey charriyana" oonchaai mein 5-10 meater kii seema taka badh sakata haye aur 5-7 meater taka fail sakata haye. jhaadiyan 1-1.5m uchch taka badh sakati hain.jabaki shaakhaon kaa vyaas 1-2 mimi hotaa haye. inn sharton key sheersh parr chhote baal hotey hain aur ack dusare koo overlap karate hain aur aakar mein trikoniya aur 2 mimi lambe hotey hain. see. charriyana mein chhote aur patale patte hotey hain joe frame mein andakar hotey hain. patte kaa aadhar aakar mein thodaa bandha hotaa haye jabaki patte kaa sheersh ack goal noke taka cumm hoe jaataa haye. yeh tapering bindu lagbhag 7-13 mimi lamba haye. patti kii satah key oopar aur neeche donon baal mukt aur chikane hotey hain. pattiyon kii patvaariyaan 2 mimi lambi hoti hain. isake patte key blade 4-8 semi (lambai) x 2.2-3.5 semi (saans) aayamon mein hotey hain aur madhyashira key prati paksh 3-7 maadhyamik tantrika koshikaaen hoti hain. tritiyak nasein jaalidaar hoti hain, jinaki sanrachana dhaage jaisi hoti haye. patte mein domatia sanrachanaaen bhee hoti hain joe baal rahit hoti hain. shaaririk roop seey, patti kii sanrachana mein ack oopari epidermis (20-30 μm), palliced mesophil (20-30 μm), spongy mesophil (45-70 μm), aur nichale epidermis (10-20 μm) hotey hain. yeh sanrachana anya "coffey" prajaatiyon mein paae jaane vaale sanrachanaon key samaan haye. halanki anya "coffey" prajaatiyon kii tulanaa mein, patte 100-130 microne motee hoti hain aur bahut cumm maadhyamik nasein hoti hain. yeye guna vishesh roop seey madhya africa mein paaee jaane vaali anya "coffey" prajaatiyon seey alag hain, aur "pee" key samaan hain.abbractiolates, "africa mein paaee jaane vaali ack jangli prajaati. alag-alag patti sanrachana ghatakon kaa aakar bhee adhikansh anya "coffey" prajaatiyon mein dekhe jaane vaale ausat kii tulanaa mein bahut chhota hotaa haye. isake alawa, yeh asamanya roop seey chhota patta visheshta madhya africa mein gyaat teen mein seey ack haye, saath hii "see".anthony "aur" see.kapakata ".
prati tanaa 1-2 pushpakram hotey hain aur pratyek pushpakram mein ack phool aur dou caluli hotey hain. calucully koo oopari aur nichali sanrachanaon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye. nichale caliculus mein 2 chhote leave lobe key saath ack rima aakar hotaa haye. oopari caliculus mein dou motey taur parr trikoniya aakar key sthiraank aur dou sankeern aakar key andakar patte vaale khand hotey hain. iss paudhe mein aise phal hotey hain joe prakriti mein droop hotey hain jinamen pratyek mein dou pyrene hotey hain, jisamen prati pyrene ack beej hotaa haye. phal ack baal rahit paddencle seey judaa hotaa haye joe 2 mimi lamba hotaa haye. laal aur maans kaa phal 9-10 mimi x 7 mimi aakar kaa hotaa haye jabaki ander kaa coffey kaa beej andakar aakar kaa hotaa haye aur parenchimates seey baney beej coat mein dhakaa hotaa haye. anya "coffey" prajaatiyon kii tulanaa mein, "see.charriyana mein apane beej coat mein sclaride kaa abhaav haye, sclaride kii anupasthiti genus "cylinthus" aur anya madagascan prajaatiyon key paudhon mein dekhi jaati haye. beej 5 mimi lamba x 4 mimi chauda x 3 mimi motaa hotaa haye. coffey" prajaati kii visheshta, beej goal, chikna aur groved hotaa haye. foolon mein koee danthal naheen hotaa haye aur isamen 5 pankhudiyan hoti hain. safed korola tube 1 mimi lambi hoti haye jabaki lobe 5-8 mimi lambi aur 2-3 mimi chaudi hoti haye. phool kii gynoishium ack chhoti disk haye joe andashay key sheersh parr baithati haye aur ack katey hue, chikane calix anga seey ghiri hoti haye. phool kii visheshataaen "coffey" vansh kii visheshtaon seey milati-julati hain. phool mein, oonta aur shally baahar nikalati haye, oonta bhee korola seey judee hoti haye. tube, lobe aur korola key beach key kshetra seey judane vaalaa chhota filament ardh-pardarshi naheen haye, jisase yeh nikatata seey sambandhit genus "sylanthus" seey ack alag prajaati bunn jaati haye jisamen yeh khand aam taur parr rung mein ardh-pardarshi hotaa haye. see.charriyana mein ack korola tube (1 mimi lambi), shally (10 mimi lambi), dou lobbed kalank (2 mimi lambi), anther (3 mimi lambi) aur anther filament (2 mimi lambi) bhee hoti haye. korola tube, korola lobe aur anthers kaa aakar madhya africa kii anya gyaat "coffey" prajaatiyon seey alag haye.
jaiv rasayan.
beejon key jaiv rasayanik vishleshan seey pataa chalata haye kii way caffein mukt hain, yeh caffein mukt jaiv rasayanik visheshta aam taur parr madagascan "coffey" prajaatiyon mein paaee jaati haye. adhyayanon mein bataaya gayaa haye kii 47 mein seey 30 madagascan "coffey" prajaatiyon mein bahut cumm yaa koee caffein kaa nishan naheen thaa. yeh "see" key saath doosari caffein mukt prajaati haye.sudozanguebaria "joe bhaaratiya mahasagar key paas ack tateey sookhe jangal mein ugataa haye. yeh sujhaav diyaa jaataa haye kii "coffey" prajaati mein caffein kii anupasthiti splisosome kii kamee key kaaran hoti haye. halanki paudhon mein caffein kaa utpaadan karane key liye aavashyak jeane hotey hain, lekin protein sanshleshan maarg mein kharabi key kaaran galat splissing pattern key parinamswarup, caffein kaa utpaadan naheen hotaa haye. caffein kii anupasthiti ack monogenic viraasat pattern key kaaran hoti haye, jisamen ack jeane aur dou elil shamil hotey hain, aprabhaavi elil vaale paudhe mein koee caffein samagri naheen hoti haye. doosari or, yeh sambhavana haye kii caffein utpaadan kaa star polygenic viraasat dwara niyantrit hotaa haye aur utpaadit caffein kii matra ack aanuvanshik kaarak haye. aage key vishleshan key madhyam seey, yeh paaya gayaa kii caffein key sanchay key bajaay, caffein utpaadan key liye jimmedaar cumm caffein synthes jeane ney isake bajaay apane sthaan parr theobromin naamak padaarth kaa utpaadan kiya thaa. vaigyaanikon dwara kii gaee iss khoj ney "coffey" paudhon mein caffein key aanuvanshiki key baare mein aur adhik samajh paida kii, aur cumm caffein sandrata key saath beejon kii ack decaff line kaa utpaadan karane key liye caffein mukt paudhon key saath coffey paudhon koo sankarit karane kii kshamata. isane ack caffein-mukt paudha banaane key liye caffein yukt paudhon mein iss vishesh jeane koo hataane kaa vikalp bhee khola.
anya "coffey" kii tulanaa mein, see. see" key saath "charriyana". canfora "aur" see. maanani mein linolic acid kaa pratishat kaafee cumm hotaa haye. see.charriyana mein sabse cumm polyunsaturated fatty acid samagri (<30%) aur 0.8% shushk padaarth aadhar bhee thaa. isake parinamswarup, halanki africa seey utpann huaa, "see. african prajaatiyon (dussert aitt all) kii tulanaa mein, charriyana "madagascan key liye phylogenic roop seey karib haye. 2008, 2953). see" kii jaanch karke. charriyana key "patti key ghatak, yeh" see "key liye ack alag jeane samooh banaata haye. anthony, see. arabi, see. canfora, see. hamilis, see. kapakata, see liberica, see. liberica varika "aur" see. maanani."see. kewal vasaa aml kii matra kaa vishleshan karane seey anya "coffey" prajaatiyon kii tulanaa mein "charriyana" mein cumm cafayalquinic aml (see. see. aeye.) bhee hotaa haye.charriyana "kaa sambandh" see "seey sabse nikatata seey haye.congensis "aur anya 59" coffey "genotype seey ack alag clade banaata haye.
see key liye lambe tendam repeat retrotransposence (ell. tii. aar.-aar. tii.), vishesh roop seey vanshavali key saair aur dell key anuvaanshik vishleshan kaa vishleshan kiya gayaa.charriyana. ell. tii. aar. tii. paudhe key genome key anaavashyak khand hain. yeh paaya gayaa kii jabaki anya paschim aur madhya african "coffey" prajaatiyon mein sir vansh kaa 4.5-5.1%, "c" thaa.charriyana mein 3.2% thaa. isake alawa, "see.anya paschim aur madhya african prajaatiyon mein paae jaane vaale 14-16.2% kii tulanaa mein, "charriyana" mein bhee dell ansh kaa sabse cumm pratishat 13.1% thaa. yeh bataata haye kii saayar aur dell key avlokanon key saath, "see.charriyana "aanuvanshik roop seey apani bhaugolik samkaksh prajaatiyon seey alag haye.
"coffia charriyana" mein "coffia" vansh key bheetar sabse badaa chloroplast genome bhee haye. jaba "coffey" aur "sylanthus" seey 52 prajaatiyon koo ikattha kiya jaataa haye, tou "see.ack anya prajaati key saath, "pee.travancourancis, "kharaab vishleshan parinamon key kaaran samoohon seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. halanki "see.carriariana "cameroon seey utpann hotaa haye, aanuvanshik parinam" see "key sthaan kaa sujhaav dete hain.sylanthus" aur "coffey" key dou vanshon key beach "charriyana". yeh aanuvanshik roop seey paschim aur madhya african "coffey" prajaatiyon key samaan haye, lekin isaki vanaspati jaise "sylanthus" key saath aakriti vigyaan sambandhi samaantaaen saajha kartaa haye. samooh mein kathinaaee "see.charriyana "sambhavatah" see "key beach pracheen sankaran kaa parinam haye.charriyana aur ack sylanthus chloroplast, joe ack mishrit genome kii or leey jaataa haye.
coffey aur chaay sahit kaee paudhon mein alcaloid paae jaate hain lekin see mein kewal bahut cumm matra mein maujood they.charriyana." 
kheti aur upayog.
"coffey charriyana" bahut saaree dhoop key saath geele sthaanon mein ugataa haye. shushk avadhi key dauran, prajaatiyon mein pushp kaliyon kaa roopjanan hotaa haye lekin agali varsha ghatana taka foolon kii kaliyaan naheen nikalati hain. barish key baad, 7 dinon mein ack phool kii ghatana dekhi gaee. sabhi "coffey" prajaatiyon key phool aaney mein lagane vaalaa samay 5-13 dinon taka hotaa haye, jisase sankaran kaa sahee samay mushkil hoe jaataa haye.
anya "coffey" prajaatiyon key samaan, "see" kaa mansal phal. charriyana mein khaadya beans hotey hain. inhen sukhaakar, bhunkar yaa peeskar taiyar kiya jaa sakata haye, aam taur parr coffey banaane key liye. praakritik roop seey honey vaali caffein-mukt coffey key roop mein, yeh kritrim roop seey deakfeen vaali coffey key bajaay ack vikalp pradaan karati haye. decaffinated coffey kii badhati maang key saath, coffey-mukt prajaatiyon key beach paadap sankaran, aanuvanshiki key jaiv praudyogiki hastakshep aur rasayanik nishkarshan jaise tarikon kaa upayog kritrim roop seey caffein kii matra koo cumm karane key liye kiya gayaa haye. aam taur parr, caffein kii upasthiti swaad kaliyon parr kaary karati haye, jisase kaifeenyukt utpaadon koo ack alag swaad milata haye, isaliye ack caffein-mukt prajaati key roop mein.caffein dwara pradaan kiya gayaa swaad pasand karane vaale coffey peene vaalon key liye 'charriyana' behtar naheen hoe sakata haye. see.charriyana kaa upayog paadap sankaran mein kiya jaa sakata haye kyonki theobromin naslon key beach hastantaraniya hoe sakata haye, jisase caffein yukt prajaati key saath paar karane parr caffein kii sandrata mein parivartan kiya jaa sakata haye. see" seey beej.vartamaan mein bajar mein upalabdh pahali praakritik roop seey caffein mukt coffey banane key liye 'chariariana' vikasit kiya jaa rhaa haye, iss bean koo brazil key developers dwara 'decafeto' naam diyaa jaa rhaa haye.
see" kaa ack aur sambhaavit upayog.charriyana "coffey key patton seey 5-cafayalquinic acid (see. see. aeye.) nikaal rhaa haye, jisamen" see "sahit adhikansh" coffey "prajaatiyan shamil hain. charriyana, "isamen praakritik antioxidant yaugik hotey hain. iss praakritik antioxidant kaa upayog bhojan aur nutraceuticals mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
costa rica mein coffey diverse farm mein vartamaan mein "see" kii kheti kii jaa rahee haye. charriyana." 
sandarbh.
yeh paudha kaale daas gharon mein badh rhaa thaa (14 farwari 1469)
doubleu. doubleu.coffey.paudha.comm
dusare sudani grihyuddh key dauran, charriyana sanyantra kaa daas vyaapaar bajar parr bahut prabhaav padaa. yeh kaalaa unmoolanvadiyon kii sankhya (18 aprail 1984) key kaaran thaa.
doubleu. doubleu.maduras/aeye/2 kimmy/.dursanchar

