sisplatin

sisplatin ack chemotherapy dawa haye jiska upayog kaee cancers key ilaaj key liye kiya jaataa haye. inmein vrishan cancer, andashay kaa cancer, garbhashay grieva kaa cancer, mootrashay kaa cancer, sir aur gardan kaa cancer, annapranali kaa cancer, fefadon kaa cancer, mesothelioma, mastishk tumour aur neuroblastoma shamil hain. yeh ack nus mein injection dwara diyaa jaataa haye.
aam dushprabhavon mein asthi majja kaa daman, shravan samasyaaen shamil hain, jisamen kull aparivartaniya shravan haani shamil haye, joe aamtaur parr ack kaana taka seemit hoti haye, gurde kii kshati aur ulti hoti haye. anya gambhir dushprabhavon mein sunnata, chalane mein pareshani, allergy pratikriya, electrolyte samasyaaen aur hriday roga shamil hain. garbhavastha key dauran upayog vikaasheel bhroon koo nuksan pahuncha sakata haye. sisplatin davaaon key platinum-adharit antinoplastic parivaar mein haye. yeh dee. aine. aeye. koo bandhkar aur isaki pratikriti koo rokkar aanshik roop seey kaam kartaa haye.
sisplatin kii khoj 1845 mein kii gaee thee aur 1978 aur 1979 mein chikitsa upayog key liye licenses praapt thaa. yeh vishva swaasthya sangathan kii aavashyak davaaon kii soochi mein haye.
chikitsa upayog.
sisplatin koo thhos aur rakt sambandhi durbhavnaon key upchaar key liye samanya lavan mein alpakaalik jalsek key roop mein antahshira mein diyaa jaataa haye. iska upayog vibhinn prakaar key cancer key ilaaj key liye kiya jaataa haye, jisamen sarcoma, kuchh carcinoma (jaise.jee., chhoti koshika fefadon kaa cancer, sir aur gardan kaa squamous cell carcinoma aur andashay kaa cancer), lymphoma, mootrashay kaa cancer, garbhashay grieva kaa cancer aur roganu koshika tumour.
isake vyaapak upayog key kaaran, vrishan cancer key ilaaj kii darr 10 pratishat seey badhkar 85 pratishat hoe gaee haye.
dushprabhaav.
sisplatin key kaee dushprabhaav hain joe isake upayog koo seemit curr sakate hainh
pharmacology.
sisplatin dee. aine. aeye. pratikriti mein hastakshep kartaa haye, joe sabse teji seey badhane vaali koshikaon koo maar detaa haye, joe siddhant roop mein cancer hain. prashaasan key baad, ack chloride aayan dheere-dheere jall dwara visthaapit hoe jaataa haye jisase jall sankul "sis"-[ptcl pti2 2 2 + hoe jaataa haye, jise ack prakriya mein jalgrahan kahaa jaataa haye. koshika key ander chloride kaa prithakkaran anukool haye kyonki antahkoshikiya chloride kii sandrata baahyakoshikiya drav mein lagbhag 100 mimi chloride kii sandrata kaa kewal 3-20% haye.
sis" mein paani kaa anu-[ptcl (nh3) 2 (h2o)] + dee. aine. aeye. parr "n"-heterocyclic aadharon dwara aasaani seey visthaapit hoe jaataa haye. gwanine adhimaantah baandhata haye. ack model yaugik taiyar kiya gayaa haye aur aiks-ray chrystallography dwara chrystal kii jaanch kii gaee haye
[ptcl (guanine-dna) (nh3) 2] + key gathan key baad, dusare chloride key visthaapan key madhyam seey cross linking hoe sakati haye, aamtaur parr dusare gwanin dwara. sisplatin kaee alag-alag tarikon seey dna koo cross-link kartaa haye, joe mitosis dwara koshika vibhajan mein hastakshep kartaa haye. kshatigrast dee. aine. aeye. dee. aine. aeye. marammat tantra koo sakriya kartaa haye, joe marammat key asambhav saabit honey parr apoptosis koo sakriya kartaa haye. 2008 mein, shodhkarta yeh dikhaane mein saksham they kii maanav brihadantra cancer koshikaon parr sisplatin dwara prerit apoptosis mitochondrial serin-protein omi/aich. tii. aar. aeye. 2 parr nirbhar kartaa haye. kyonki yeh kewal brihadantra carcinoma koshikaon key liye pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa, yeh ack khula sawal banaa huaa haye kii kyaa omi/aich. tii. aar. aeye. 2 protein anya ootakon seey carcinoma mein sisplatin-prerit apoptosis mein bhaag letaa haye.
dee. aine. aeye. mein parivartanon mein sabse ullekhaniya purin aadharon key saath 1,2-intrastrand cross-link hain. inmein 1,2-intrastrand dee (jee. pee. jee.) adduct shamil hain, joe adduct kaa lagbhag 90 pratishat banaate hain, aur cumm aam 1,2-intrastrand dee (aeye. pee. jee.) adduct shamil hain. samanvaya rasaayanagyon ney dee. aine. aeye. key chhote model key saath sisplane kii pratikriya key utpaadon key chrystal praapt kiye hain. yahaan dee. aine. aeye. key ack chhote seey model key liye platinum binding kaa ack povre plot haye.
1, 3-intrastrand dee (jee. pee. aiks. pee. jee.) adduct hotey hain lekin nucleotide axison repair (aine. ee. aar.) dwara aasaani seey baahar nikaale jaate hain. anya adduct mein inter-strand crosslink aur gair-karyatmak adduct shamil hain jinhen sisplatin kii gatividhi mein yogdan karane key liye postulated kiya gayaa haye. cellular protein, vishesh roop seey aich. aim. jee. domen protein key saath baatchit, mitosis mein hastakshep karane key ack tantra key roop mein bhee unnat rahee haye, halanki yeh shayed isaki praathamik vidhi naheen haye.
sisplatin pratirodh.
sisplatin sanyojan chemotherapy kaee cancers key upchaar kii adharshila haye. praarambhik platinum pratikriyashilta adhik haye, lekin adhikansh cancer rogi antatah sisplatin-pratirodhi bimari key saath phir seey hoe jaayenge. sisplatin pratirodh key kaee tantra prastaavit kiye gaye hain, jinamen dawa key cellular grahan aur pravaah mein parivartan, dawa key vishaharan mein vriddhi, apoptosis kaa nishedh aur dee. aine. aeye. kii marammat mein vriddhi shamil haye. oxaliplatin prayogshala mein atyadhik sisplatin-pratirodhi cancer koshikaon mein sakriya haye; haalaanki, sisplatin-pratirodhi cancer key rogiyon key naidaanik upchaar mein isaki gatividhi key liye bahut cumm pramaan hain. dawa paclitexel sisplatin-pratirodhi cancer key upchaar mein upayogi hoe sakati haye; iss gatividhi key liye tantra abhee taka agyaat haye.
transplatin.
transplatin, sisplatin kaa "trance"-stereoisomer, kaa sootra sootra pti2 2] haye aur yeh tulanaatmak roop seey upayogi aushadhiya prabhaav pradarshit naheen kartaa haye. transplatin key cumm kainsarrodhi prabhaav kii vyakhya karane key liye dou tantra sujhaae gaye hain. sabse pahale, chloro ligand kii "trance" vyavastha koo adhik rasayanik pratikriyashilta key saath transplatin pradaan karane key liye socha jaataa haye, jisase transplatin dee. aine. aeye. taka pahunchane seey pahale nishkriya hoe jaataa haye, jahaan sisplatin apani aushadhiya kriya kartaa haye. doosara, transplatin kaa stereo-conformation aisaa haye kii yeh sisplatin dwara prachur matra mein banaae gaye 1,2-intrastrand dee (jee. pee. jee.) adduct koo banaane mein asamarth haye.
aanvik sanrachana.
sisplatin vargakar samtaliya samanvaya parisar sis-[peaty pti2 (nh3) haye. upsarg "sis" "sis" isomer koo ingit kartaa haye jisamen dou samaan ligand nikatvarti sthitiyon mein hain. iss anu kaa vyavasthit rasayanik naam "sis"-diaminedichloroplatine haye, jahan dou meater key saath "emmeen" ack amonia (aine. aich. 3) ligand koo ingit kartaa haye, joe ack meater key saath ack carbonic amine key vipareet haye.
itihas.
yaugik "sis"-[peaty pti2 (nh3) kaa varnan pahali baar 1845 mein italvi rasaayanagya michel pyrone dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur ise lambe samay taka pyrone key namak key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. sanrachana kaa anuman 1893 mein alfred werner dwara lagaaya gayaa thaa. 1965 mein, barnet rosenberg, vaine camp aur anya. mishigan raajya vishvavidyalaya ney paaya kii platinum electrode key vidyut apghatan ney ack ghulansheel platinum parisar utpann kiya joe "escarichia kolai" ("ee. kolai ") bacteria. haalaanki jeevaanu koshika kaa vikas jaari rhaa, koshika vibhajan koo roque diyaa gayaa, bacteria apani samanya lambai seey 300 gunaa adhik tantuon key roop mein badh rahey they. octahedral peaty (iv) complexes complexes pti2 2], lekin "trance" isomer naheen, "ee" key philamentus vikas koo majboor karane mein prabhaavi paaya gayaa. kolai "koshikaaen. vargakar samtaliya pee. tii. (ii) jatil, "see. aaee. aiss."-[pee. tii. see. ell. 2 (aine. aich. 3) 2] tantuon key vikas koo majboor karane mein aur bhee adhik prabhaavi saabit huaa. iss khoj ney yeh avalokan kiya kii kii pti2 2] vaastav mein choohon mein sarcoma key dravyamaan koo vaapas karane mein atyadhik prabhaavi thaa. iss khoj kii pushti, aur anya tumour koshika lines key liye pareekshan key vistaar ney sisplatin key aushadhiya anuprayogon koo shuru kiya. sisplatin koo yuu dwara vrishan aur andashay key cancer mein upayog key liye anumodit kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. 19 disambar 1978 koo khaadya aur aushadhi prashaasan. aur 1979 mein britten (aur kaee anya europeeya deshon mein). 
sisplatin sabse pahale vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. 
1983 mein baal chikitsa oncologist roser packer ney bachpan key meduloblastoma key upchaar key liye sahayak chemotherapy mein sisplatin koo shamil karna shuru kiya. unhone joe nayaa protocol vikasit kiya, usase meduloblastoma key rogiyon key liye roga-mukt uttarjeevita darr mein lagbhag 85 pratishat taka kii ullekhaniya vriddhi hui. taba seey paik protocol meduloblastoma key liye ack maanak upchaar bunn gayaa haye. isi tarah, sisplatin koo vrishan cancer key khilaf vishesh roop seey prabhaavi paaya gayaa haye, jahaan isake upayog seey ilaaj kii darr 10 pratishat seey badhkar 85 pratishat hoe gaee haye.
haal hii mein, kuchh shodhkartaon ney lakshya mein dawa key vimochan koo sthaaniya banaane key liye nanomaterials key saath sanyojan mein sisplatin prodrugs key poorv naidaanik star key nae roopon kii jaanch kii haye.
sanshleshan.
sisplatin kaa sanshleshan potasium tetrachloroplatinet seey shuru hotaa haye. kaee prakriyaaen upalabdh hain. ack baadha magnus key harey namak (aim. jee. aiss.) kaa aasaan gathan haye, jiska anubhavjanya sootra sisplatin key samaan haye. aim. jee. aiss. seey bachane key paaramparik tareeke mein koo. see. ell. 4 koo koo. tii. aaee. 4 mein badalana shamil haye, jaisa kii mool roop seey dhaara dwara varnit haye. amonia key saath pratikriya pratikriya pti2 2 banaati haye joe ack peele yaugik key roop mein alag hoti haye. jaba paani mein silver nitrate milaaya jaataa haye tou aghulansheel silver iodide avakshepit hotaa haye aur [pt (oh2) 2 (nh3) 2] (sankhya 3) 2 ghol mein rahata haye. potasium chloride kaa jodd antim utpaad banaayega joe triodo madhyavarti mein avakshepit hotaa haye dusare amonia ligand kaa jodd trance prabhaav dwara niyantrit hotaa haye.
kootcaल4 seey sisplatin kaa ack-bartan sanshleshan vikasit kiya gayaa haye. yeh amonium acetate seey amonia key dheere-dheere nikalane parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
shodh.
samanya ootak vishaaktataon koo badhaae binaa, sisplatin key chikitsiya prabhaavon koo badhaane key liye augar therapy key saath sisplatin kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa haye.

