yaatana vyaapaar

yaatana vyaapaar shabd aamtaur parr yaatana key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale upkaranon key nirmaan, vipanan aur niryaat koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jaise kii pratibandh aur uchch-voltage vidyut-shock hathiyar. 2001 mein, amnesty international ney "yaatana vyaapaar koo rokane" parr ack report jaari kii.
vaishvik nirmaan.
uchch-voltage vidyut-shock hathiyar pahali baar 1990 key dashak mein america mein vikasit kiye gaye they. inmein electro-shock batton, stunn gunn, stunn sheeled, dart-firing stunn gunn aur stunn belt shamil hain. 1997 seey 2000 taka, americi companiyon ney purvi europe aur madhya poorv mein stunn gunn, electro-shock batton aur optical drishti upkaranon kaa niryaat karke 13 million dollar seey adhik kii kamai kii. duniya bhar mein 150 seey adhik companiyan yaatana upkaranon key nirmaan yaa vipanan mein shamil hain, jinamen seey lagbhag aadhi america mein hain.
sabse badey vidyut-shock nirmaata america, mukhya bhoomi chean, taiwan aur dakshin koria mein sthit hain. joe companiyan vidyut-shock hathiyaron, pratibandhon aur spray kaa utpaadan karati hain, unakaa kahana haye kii yadi suraksha adhikaariyon dwara uchit prashikshan key saath upayog kiya jaataa haye tou unake utpaad gair-ghaatak hain. phir bhee, amnesty international ney una deshon koo stunn belt bechane vaali companiyon key mamalon kaa dastavejikaran kiya haye joe chean aur saudi arab jaise manvadhikaron key hanan key antarrashtriya sandigdhon koo binaa prashikshan diye maafi dete hain.
nimnalikhit talika mein kuchh desh shamil hain jinhen antarrashtriya maafi dwara pehchaan kiya gayaa haye, joe kii 1998-2000 seey stunn hathiyaron aur pratibandhon key nirmaan, vitaran, aapoorti, yaa dalali mein lagey hue hain.
upkaranon key prakaar.
ack prakaar kaa vidyut-shock hathiyar remot-niyantrit stunn belt haye. stunn belt gurde key paas rakhe gaye electrode kaa upayog karke peedit key madhyam seey 50,000 volt key jhatake bhejate hain. aghaat asamarthata aur gambhir dard kaa kaaran banata haye. ack anya prakaar key vidyut hathiyar jinka upayog yaatana key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, way hain stunn batton.
electro-shock hathiyar yaatana key sabse aam upkaranon mein seey ack hain. vidyut-shock hathiyar aakarshak hain kyonki way koee nishan naheen chhodate hain, halanki shaaririk aur manovaigyaanik prabhaav apang curr rahey hain. aghaat aksar pairon key talavon yaa jananangon jaise samvedansheel kshetron parr lagaae jaate hain. prabhaavon mein gambhir dard, maanspeshiyon key niyantran kii haani, matali, ainthan, behoshi aur anaichhik shauch aur peshab shamil hain. antarrashtriya star parr, bachchon, garbhavati mahilaaon aur anya kamjor aabaadi parr vidyut-aghaat yaatana kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
vipaksh kaa abhiyaan.
amnesty international ney duniya bhar kii companiyon seey electro-shock aur sanyam upkaranon key nirmaan, vipanan aur vyaapaar koo rokane key liye kahaa haye; sarkaaron koo yaatana upkaranon key vyaapaar parr pratibandh lagaane key liye; aur vyaktiyon koo sthaaniya sarkaar key pratinidhiyon aur companiyon koo inn kadmon koo uthaane key liye likhane key liye kahaa haye. aam maafi antarrashtriya abhiyaan pratibandhon, kaali mirch spray aur electroshock hathiyaron key vyaapaar parr kendrit haye.
niyam.
europeeya sangh mein, viniyaman nam. 1236/2005,2006 seey prabhaavi, una vastuon key vyaapaar koo pratibandhit kartaa haye jinka yaatana key alawa koee vyaavhaarik upayog naheen haye, aur vastuon key niryaat key liye licenses kii aavashyakta hoti haye jinka upayog yaatana key saath-saath anya vaidh upayogon mein bhee hoe sakata haye. alochakon kaa kahana haye kii viniyaman mein bahut saaree khaamiyan hain joe prabhaavi naheen hain. aayog dwara viniyaman (ee. yuu.) koo lagu karane key liye koee 775/2014 pratibandhit aur niyantrit vastuon koo soochibaddh kartaa haye. 14 janwari 2014 koo europeeya aayog dwara parishad viniyaman (ee. see.) mein sanshodhan key liye ack prastaav rakhaa gayaa thaa aur 30 juuna 2016 koo europeeya sansad dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. nayaa viniyaman una upkaranon kii dalali parr pratibandh lagaayega joe pratibandhit vastuon kii aapoorti key sambandh mein pratibandh aur takniki sahaayata kii aapoorti key adheen haye.
america ney yaatana vyaapaar koo seemit karane key liye niyaamak parivartan bhee kiye hain. vanijya vibhaag ney electro-shock upkaranon key liye ack alag niryaat vastu code banaaya taaki unhein track karna aasaan hoe sakey. sabhi companiyon key paas abb niryaat licenses honah aavashyak haye, halanki abhee bhee kaee khaamiyan hain. americi companiyan ayatak desh koo pratibandhit vastuon kaa niryaat karane key liye drop shipping yaa ack madhyasth desh koo bhugtan karane key liye chhoot vaale niyamon kaa upayog curr sakati hain. 1997 mein, ack americi company koo binaa licenses key electro-shock bandookon aur kaali mirch spray kaa niryaat karate hue pakada gayaa thaa, unhein "fountain paine, keachen, child sound device, [aur] vidyut voltage ikaaiyon key roop mein galat label kiya gayaa thaa."

