wardell gray

wardell gray (13 farwari, 1921-25 maee, 1955) ack americi jaiz tenner saxophonist they jinhone swing aur beebop avadhi koo faila diyaa thaa.
jeevani.
praarambhik varsh.
gray kaa janm oclahoma shahar mein huaa thaa, joe chaar bachchon mein sabse chhota thaa. 1929 mein detroit mein jaane seey pahale unhone apane bachpan key shuruati saal oclahoma mein bitaaye.
1935 kii shuruat mein, gray ney poorvottar uchch vidyalaya mein bhaag lena shuru kiya, phir cases takniki uchch vidyalaya mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, joe donald burd, lucky thompson aur all macibone koo poorv chhaatr key roop mein rakhane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. snaatak honey seey pahale unhone 1936 mein chhod diyaa. apane behnoi junier vaaran kii salah parr, ack kishore key roop mein unhone clarinet parr kaam karna shuru kiya, lekin count besi key saath record parr lester young sunane key baad, unhein tenner saxophone parr switch karane key liye prerit kiya gayaa.
gray kaa pahala sangeetmay kaam isaq goodwin key chhote baind mein thaa, joe ack anshakaalik poshak thee joe sthaaniya nritya bajaati thee. jaba vaha ack aur naukari key liye audition dey rhaa thaa, tou usey dorothy patton ney sunaa, joe ack yuva piyanovadak thaa, joe flint, mishigan mein bhraatri club mein ack baind banaa rhaa thaa, aur usane usey kaam parr rakhaa. vahaan ack bahut hii khushahal varsh key baad, vaha jimmi raschell key baind mein chaley gaye (raschell ney 1930 key dashak mein kuchh pakshon koo record kiya thaa lekin phir seey aisaa naheen kiya), phir grand rapids, mishigan mein benny carro baind mein chaley gaye. isi samay key aspas way jeane goings seey mille they; ack saath unaki ack betty thee, aneeta, jiska janm janwari 1941 mein huaa thaa.
earl heins orchestra key saath.
congo club seey sadak key thheek oopar teen chhakke they; ack yuva nartaki jairi walker earl heins koo jaanati thee, aur jaba 1943 key anta mein heins baind detroit key madhyam seey aaya, tou usane earl koo wardell-aulto koo kiraaye parr lene key liye raaji kiya, kyonki usa samay koee tenner rikti naheen thee.
yeh 21 varsheeya key liye ack badaa break thaa, kyonki earl heins orchestra naa kewal rashtriya star parr jaanaa jaataa thaa, balki isane kuchh ubharate hue beebop sangeetkaron key currier koo poshit kiya thaa, jinamen disey gillespie aur charley parker shamil they. halanki unamen seey adhikansh gray key judane taka chaley gaye they, heins baind key saath khelna abhee bhee yuva tenner khilaadi key liye ack jeevant aur uttejak anubhav thaa. unhone desh kaa daura kiya, aur jaba way california mein they tou gray dorothy duval seey mille. vaha shadishuda thee, lekin halanki shaadi tootane kii sthiti mein thee, ack "dost" key durbhagyapurna hastakshep ney yeh vishvaas karane key liye gray koo prerit kiya kii aisaa naheen thaa, aur vaha jairi laut aaya; sitambar 1945 mein shikago mein unaki shaadi hui thee.
wardell ney lagbhag teen saal heins key saath bitaaye, aur teji seey paripakva hoe gaye. vaha jald hii ack vishesh ekal kalakar bunn gaye, aur baind kii recording mein ack aramdayak, dharapravah stylist koo lester yuva mould mein bahut dikhaaya gayaa haye. jabaki kuchh live jubli satron koo cd (1) parr phir seey jaari kiya gayaa haye, 1945-46 seey studio recording abhee bhee kewal lp parr upalabdh hain.
paschimi tata parr aagaman.
unhone 1946 mein dair seey heins chhod diyaa, loss angils, california mein buss gaye; vahaan pahunchane key turant baad, unhone apane naam key tahat pahala satra record kiya. yeh addie laiguna key suryast label key liye ack chaukadi satra thaa, aur iss parr wardell koo piano parr dodo mermerosa kaa majboot samarthan thaa. tarikh ney kuchh utkrisht paksh utpann kiye, vishesh roop seey "aasaan swing" aur "main jiss vyakti seey pyaar kartaa huun"; poore satra kaa ack punah prakaashan haye, jisamen vaikalpik tech (2) shamil haye, lekin ack chayan (12) parr upalabdh haye.
loss angils mein, wardell ney kaee baindon mein kaam kiya, jinamen benny carter, blues gaayak hathidant joe hunter aur paschimi tata key daure parr gaayak billy extin kaa samarthan karane vaale chhote samooh shamil they. lekin iss samay laa mein vaastavik dhyaan kendriya maarg key saath clubon mein thaa, joe yuddh key samay raksha kharch key vishal injection dwara laae gaye uchhaal key varshon key baad bhee phal-phool rhaa thaa. yahaan wardell koo apana tatva milaa, mukhya roop seey jack key tokri kaksh, down beat, lovejoy aur club albam jaise clubon mein ghanton key baad key satron mein khelate hue, aur inn satron mein unaki shuruati safalata ney ross russell koo ack studio satra mein shamil karane key liye prerit kiya joe vaha apane dial label key liye aayojit curr rahey they. satra koo charley parker key liye ack pradarshan key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa, lekin wardell ney khud koo shandar tareeke seey burry curr diyaa, jisamen parker kii upasthiti (3) seey atee-bhayabheet honey kaa koee sanket naheen thaa.
yeh kendriya avenue clubon mein thaa kii wardell ney dextor gorden key saath apani tenner ladaai aayojit kii. yeye donon aadarsh roop seey mell khaate theh wardell kii halki dhwani aur tej delivery dextor kii badee, dhundhali dhwani key liye ack match seey adhik thee, aur unake tenner jost kendriya avenue drishya key liye ack prakaar kaa prateek bunn gaye. gheron ney baad mein yaad kiyaah "stand parr bahut saaree billiyaan hongi lekin satra key anta taka yeh wardell aur merey saath samaapt hoe jaayegi... unakaa khel bahut hii taral thaa, bahut saaf thaa... unake paas bahut saare vichaar aur preranaaen theen. unaki prasiddhi failane luggy, aur rose russell ney unhein "peechha" (4) parr unaki ack ladaai kaa anukaran karane mein kamyabi hassil kii, joe wardell kii pahali rashtriya star parr jaani jaane vaali recording bunn gaee aur jise "jaiz key itihas mein sabse romanchak sangeet pratiyogitaon mein seey ack" key roop mein mulyankan kiya gayaa haye.
dha chez" kii safalata vaha break thee jisaki wardell koo aavashyakta thee, aur vaha laa mein aur usake aspas saarvajanik satron mein teji seey pramukh hoe gaye, jisamen disk jockey jeane norman dwara aayojit jaim satron kii "just jaiz" shrinkhala bhee shamil thee. pasadena nagrik sabhagar aur mandir sabhagar aur anya sthaanon (5,6,7) mein sangeet karyakram they. satra, jisamen "sirf aap, sirf main" aur "sweet georgia braun" shamil hain, mein wardell kaa kuchh sabse achchha khel haye, lekin iska ekmatra cd sanskaran sankshipt roop seey haye. (inn pradarshanon key kaee asampaadit sanskaran taba seey jaari kiye gaye hain.) loss angils mein elk ballroom mein 1947 key ack sangeet karyakram mein wardell aur dextor gorden donon shamil they, aur isamen 8 78 aar. pee. aim. record parr "dha hunt" key roop mein jaari 18 minut kaa pradarshan shamil thaa; poore sangeet karyakram koo 3-cd sett (21) key roop mein jaari kiya gayaa haye.
benny goodman aur count besi.
all killion (iss samooh (8) dwara badhiya roop mein show wardell dwara kuchh jubli recording) key netritva mein ack chhote seey baind key saath ack jaadoo key alawa wardell 1947 key dauran mukhya roop seey ack baar key satron mein kaam curr rhaa thaa. haalaanki, usa varsh key modd key aspas ack sangeet karyakram mein jisamen benny goodman bhee shamil thaa, wardell ney clarinatist koo itna prabhaavit kiya kii goodman ney usey ack chhote seey samooh key liye kaam parr rakhaa jise vaha sirf beebop key saath apani ishqabaazi key hisse key roop mein sthaapit curr rhaa thaa. goodman pahale bopp khelane key liye atyadhik aalochanatmak rhaa thaa, lekin "metronome" key liye wardell kii baat karate hue, usane kahaa kii "aggar vaha bopp haye, tou yeh bahut achchha haye. vaha adbhut haye!"
goodman key nae samooh mein yuva swedish clarinatist akey "stein" hasselgard aur shuru mein, teddy willson shamil they, aur yeh maee 1948 mein philadelphia mein frank palambo key click club mein khola gayaa thaa.
haalaanki, samooh koo vittiya safalata naheen millie aur goodman ney antatah ise toda diyaa, lekin abb taka wardell poori tarah seey purvi tata parr ack ubharate sangeetkaar key roop mein sthaapit hoe gayaa thaa. kuchh samay key liye 1948 key anta/1949 kii shuruat mein unhone count besi orchestra key saath kaam kiya, jabaki taid demeron (10) key saath record karane kaa prabandhan kiya aur, utkrisht chaukadi aur quintet satron mein, all hegg (11,12) key saath. chaukadi satra mein "twisted" shamil thaa, joe wardell kii sabse prasiddh recording mein seey ack thee, jiska upayog annie ross dwara sabse adhik bikane vaale swar sanskaran key aadhar key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa.
wardell ney 1949 mein benny goodman key paas lautane key liye besi chhod diyaa. haalaanki, goodman baind mein jeevan unake liye teji seey asangat hoe gayaa. isake alawa, jairi key saath unaki shaadi toot rahee thee. goodman sabse achche samay mein ack aasaan niyokta naheen thaa aur yeh, nirantar yatra key saath, wardell koo teji seey nakhush curr detaa haih baind kii recording, donon studio satra (13) aur live airshots (14,15), wardell dwara feature work joe usake apane sarvshreshth manakon seey neeche haye. (kii wardell kii kshamata mein kissy bhee girawat key bajaay, yeh achchha vatavaran thaa joe samasya thee, sthaaniya sangeetkaron key saath detroit (11,18) mein record kiye gaye ack satra mein dikhaaya gayaa haye; iss satra parr wardell kaa kaam anukaraniya haye).
goodman koo chhodane parr, wardell count besi mein phir seey shamil hoe gayaa. besi ney aarthik dabaavon key saamane jhukkar apane badey baind koo toda diyaa thaa, ack septate banaaya jisamen clark terry aur buddy defranco shamil they; wardell shayed julaai 1950 mein unake saath shamil hoe gaye they. yeh setting unake liye bahut khush thee aur samooh ney kuchh safalata kaa anand liya; usa samay key airshots mein ack bahut hii aramdayak, swinging baind dikhaaya gayaa thaa jisamen koee kamjor link naheen thaa (16).
besi (joe abb taka apane samooh koo phir seey badey baind key aakar mein badhaa chuke they) key saath kaam karane mein ekmatra kamee nirantar yatra karna thaa, aur wardell ney antatah jaane kaa faisala kiya taaki vaha adhik gharelu jeevan kaa anand leey sakey. nirnay poori tarah seey samajhane yogya thaa, halanki besi lay khand aadarsh roop seey wardell key swing key brand key liye upayukt thaa aur sangeet key drishtikon seey, unake khelane key liye utsaahi unake nirnay parr khed curr sakate hain. aur ack apratyaashit dushprabhaav yeh thaa kii, kyonki laa kshetra mein kaam cumm thaa (ashwet sangeetkaron key liye, vaise bhee) wardell koo abhee bhee naukariyon kii talash mein aksar yatra karni padati thee. phir bhee, ghar parr jeevan achchha thaa, aur kuchh sakshatkaron mein seey ack joe unhone kabhi (british "melody maker" koo diyaa) dikhaaya kii vaha bahut khush they.
1950 mein, gray ney saine francisco key diggaj key smaarak holl mein gerald willson key baind key saath ack atithi key roop mein ack live sangeet karyakram khela. uchch nishtha stereo mein ullekhaniya roop seey kaid kiya gayaa (unaki dyscography mein aisaa ekmatra udaaharan), yeh recording pahali baar 2006 (17) mein jaari kii gaee thee. achchha kaam aggar aap ise praapt curr sakate hain" aur "indiana" parr chhote combo backup key saath ekal sthaanon key dauran gray koo achche roop mein sunaa jaa sakata haye aur blues "hollywood freeway" parr willson key badey baind key saath bhee jahaan gray zoot sima aur stann getz key saath romanchak corus kaa vyaapaar kartaa haye.
girawat.
iss samay key aspas unake recording satra cumm honey lagey-halanki dextor gorden key saath ack live satra, kendriya maarg key uttejana koo phir seey taiyar karna, aur kalaa kisan aur hampton baazon (donon 18 parr) key saath ack studio satra, wardell key khelane key achche udaaharan hain.
haalaanki, vishesh roop seey farwari 1952 (5) seey dextor gorden key saath ack aur live satra mein, 1951/52 key aspas wardell key kaam mein vyastata kii kamee key sanket badh rahey hain, aur aisaa lagata haye kii unakaa sangeet vyavasaay seey mohbhang hoe rhaa hoga. yeh kii vaha abhee bhee shandar tareeke seey khelane mein saksham thaa, hagg (19) mein ack live jaim satra parr unake kaam seey dikhaaya gayaa haye, lekin aise satra abb taka bahut cumm they, aur iss avadhi key adhik vishisht kaam koo teddy charles (17) key saath ack satra parr darj kiya gayaa thaa.
iss samay key aspas, gray spasht roop seey drugs key saath shamil hoe gayaa; doston ney bataaya kii yeh apana nuksan uthaa rhaa thaa. unakaa khel abb cumm dharapravah thaa, aur janwari 1955 (12) mein ack studio satra, joe unakaa aakhiri satra thaa, majboot lekin (apane swayam key manakon seey) balki asangat khel koo darshaata haye.
guma aur maut.
gray apani nashili davaaon kii samasyaon key bavjood abhee bhee niyamit roop seey kaam curr rhaa thaa, aur jaba maee 1955 mein baini carter maulin rooj hotal key udghaatan parr baind pradaan karane key liye lagey hue they, tou unhone gray koo bulaaya. gray rehearsal mein shamil huaa lekin 25 maee koo jaba club khola gayaa tou vaha anupasthit thaa. agale dinn vaha laas vegas key baahari ilaake mein registan key ack hisse mein ack tooty hui gardan key saath mrit paaya gayaa.
halanki vibhinn srot abhee bhee gray kii mrityu kii paristhitiyon koo rahasyamay bataate hain, shraddhanjali website wardelgrey parr ack holographic key samaapan nott.org kahata haye kii "paristhitiyaan abb spasht hain (sandarbh. 80 key dashak key anta mein teddy edwards kaa sakshatkar lete hue haan schulte): teddy mauke parr hii thaa, maee 1955 mein laas vegas mein, jaba doubleugy kii overdose key baad apane hotal key kamare mein mrityu hoe gaee. laa mein benny carter key samooh key saath kaam karane vaale usake dost, pulis koo koee pareshani naheen chaahte they, isaliye unhone usake shareer koo ack kaar mein daal diyaa aur usey registan mein leey aae. utaarane seey shareer jameen parr gir gayaa aur usaki gardan toot gaee. yahee baat haye."
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
james alroy key upanyaas "dha colled six hazaar" mein gray key gayab honey aur mrityu kaa sandarbh haih isake anusaar, unaki hatyaa (kaalpanik) naslavaadi sajishkarta wein tedro, sr dwara kii gaee thee. apani patni, jenis key saath sambandh rakhane key liye.
bill moody kii pustak "death off aeye tenner maine" kaalpanik jasus/piyanovadak ivan horn dwara wardell kii mrityu kii samkaaleen jaanch kii kahani bataati haye.
jack keroak ney apane upanyaas "onn dha road" mein spasht roop seey wardell kaa ullekh kiya haih
"unhone neel key roop mein bahut kuchh khaaya, haath mein sandwich, badey phonograph key saamane jhukkar khade hue aur koodate hue ack jangli bopp record koo suna rahey they jise maine abhee kharida thaa jise 'hunt' kahaa jaataa haye, jisamen dextor gorden aur wardell gray ack chillaane vaale darshakon key saamane apane sheersh koo udaa rahey they jisane record koo shandar unmaad matra dee."
johnny michel ney apane double-platinum album "court aind spark" parr rose/gray geet "twisted" kaa ack sanskaran shamil kiya.
dyscography.
sideman key roop mein.
lui belson key saath
frank morgan key saath

