
thyland kii arthavyavastha

thyland kii arthavyavastha niryaat parr nirbhar haye, joe 2021 mein desh key sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) kaa lagbhag 58 pratishat thaa. thyland swayam ack nayaa audyogikrit desh haye, jiska jee. dee. pee. 2022 mein 17.367 trillion baaht (yuu. aiss. $536 billion) haye, joe asia kii 9veen sabse badee arthavyavastha haye. 2018 taka, thyland mein ausat mudrasfeeti 1.06% haye aur desh key sakal gharelu utpaad kaa 7.5% kaa adhishesh haye. isaki mudra, thaai baahat, 2017 mein vishva kii dasavin sabse adhik upayog kii jaane vaali bhugtan mudra key roop mein sthaan praapt kii.
thaai sakal gharelu utpaad mein audyogik aur seva kshetra mukhya kshetra hain, jisamen poorv kaa jee. dee. pee. kaa 39.2 pratishat hissa haye. thyland kaa krishi kshetra jee. dee. pee. kaa 8.4 pratishat utpaadan kartaa haye-vyaapaar aur rasad aur sanchaar kshetron kii tulanaa mein cumm, joe kramshah jee. dee. pee. kaa 13.4 pratishat aur 9.8 pratishat haye. nirmaan aur khanan kshetra desh key sakal gharelu utpaad mein 4.3 pratishat jodata haye. anya seva kshetron (vittiya, shiksha aur hotal aur restaraan kshetron sahit) kaa desh key sakal gharelu utpaad mein 24.9 pratishat yogdan haye. dursanchar aur sevaaon mein vyaapaar audyogik vistaar aur aarthik pratispardha key kendron key roop mein ubhar rahey hain.
indoneshiya key baad thyland dakshin poorv asia kii doosari sabse badee arthavyavastha haye. 2022 mein iska prati vyakti sakal gharelu utpaad 247,828 baahat (americi dollar 7,651) singapur, brunei aur malaysia key baad dakshin poorv asiai prati vyakti sakal gharelu utpaad mein chauthe sthaan parr haye. julaai 2018 mein, thyland ney antarrashtriya bhandar mein $1 billion rakhaa, joe dakshin poorv asia mein doosara sabse badaa (singapur key baad) haye. chaalu khaate mein shesh raashi mein iska adhishesh duniya key dasaven sthaan parr haye, jisane 2018 mein desh key liye hamein $37.898 billion banaa diyaa. thyland baahari vyaapaar matra mein singapur key baad dakshin poorv asia mein dusare sthaan parr haye.
rashtra koo vishva baink dwara samajik aur vikas sanketkon mein "mahaan vikas safalata kii kahaaniyon mein seey ack" key roop mein maanyata dee gaee haye. rashtriya aarthik aur samajik vikas parishad (aine. ee. aiss. dee. see.) kii naee garibi aadhar rekha key karyalaya key anusaar, prati vyakti sakal rashtriya aaya (jee. aine. aaee.) 7,090 americi dollar aur maanav vikas soochkaank (aich. dee. aaee.) mein 66vein sthaan parr honey key bavjood, rashtriya garibi rekha seey neeche key logon kaa pratishat 1988 mein 65.26 pratishat seey ghatkar 2016 mein 8.61 pratishat hoe gayaa.
thyland duniya mein sabse cumm berojgari darr vaale deshon mein seey ack haye, joe 2014 kii pahali timahi key liye ack pratishat key roop mein darj kiya gayaa haye. yeh aajeevika krishi yaa anya kamjor rojgar (apane khaate mein kaam aur avaitanik parivarik kaam) mein kaam karane vaali aabaadi key ack badey anupaat key kaaran haye.
thyland kaa bajat.
thyland kaa raajya vitt varsh 2017 kaa bajat 2,733,000 million baahat thaa.
maee 2018 mein, thaai mantrimandal ney vitt varsh 2018 seey 3 kharab baahat key vitt varsh 2019 key bajat koo manjuri dee, joe kii 3.40 pratishat-100 arab baahat-seey adhik haye. vaarshik rajaswa 2.55 kharab baahat, 4.1 pratishat yaa 100 arab baahat taka pahunchane kaa anuman haye. kull milakar, rashtriya bajat mein 450 arab baahat kaa ghaata hoga. mantrimandal ney arthavyavastha koo prati varsh 3.5-4.5 pratishat kii vriddhi key liye 2022 taka bajat ghaate koo bhee manjuri dee.
itihas.
1945 seey pahale.
thyland, jise pahale siyam key naam seey jaanaa jaataa thaa, poorv-audyogik yug mein videshi sampark key liye khula thaa. siyam mein sansadhanon kii kamee key bavjood, tateey bandargah aur shahar aur nadee key muhaane parr sthit shahar praarambhik aarthik kendra they joe faras, arab deshon, bhaarat aur chean key vyapariyon kaa swaagat karate they. 14veen shatabdi key dauran ayutthaya kaa uday nae sire seey cheeni vaanijyik gatividhi seey judaa huaa thaa, aur raajya asia mein sabse samriddh vyaapaar kendron mein seey ack bunn gayaa.
jaba 19veen shatabdi key dauran raajya kii rajdhani bancock mein chully gaee, tou videshi vyaapaar (vishesh roop seey chean key saath) sarkaar kaa kendra bunn gayaa. cheeni vyaapaari vyaapaar karane aae; kuchh desh mein buss gaye aur unhein aadhikarik pada praapt hue. kaee cheeni vyaapaari aur pravaasi darbar mein uchch ganmaanya vyakti bunn gaye.
19veen shatabdi key madhya seey, europeeya vyaapaari teji seey sakriya hoe rahey they. 1855 mein hastaaksharit dhanush sandhi ney british vyapariyon key visheshadhikaron kii guaranti dee. 1856 kii harris sandhi, jisane 1833 kii roberts sandhi koo adyatan kiya, ney americi vyapariyon koo bhee yahee guaranti dee.
gharelu bajar dheere-dheere vikasit huaa, jisamen daasata gharelu thaharaav kaa ack sambhaavit kaaran thaa. siyam mein adhikansh purush adalat key adhikaariyon kii seva mein they, jabaki unaki patniyon aur betiyon ney sthaaniya baajaron mein chhote paimaane parr vyaapaar kiya hoga. joe loga bahut adhik rinee they, way khud koo gulam key roop mein betch sakate they. raajaa raam vee ney kramshah 1901 aur 1905 mein daasata aur gulami koo samaapt curr diyaa.
20veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta taka, siyam kii arthavyavastha dheere-dheere vaishvik hoe gaee. pramukh udyami jaatiya cheeni they joe siyami nagrik bunn gaye. krishi utpaadon (vishesh roop seey chawal) kaa niryaat bahut mahatvapurna thaa aur thyland duniya key sheersh chawal niryatakon mein seey ack rhaa haye. siyami arthavyavastha koo 1932 kii siyami kranti key kaaran hue mahamandi seey bahut nuksan huaa.
1930 key dashak mein (aur phir 1950 key dashak mein) shiksha mein mahatvapurna nivesh ney aarthik vikas kaa aadhar banaaya, jaisa kii vyaapaar aur nivesh key liye ack udaar drishtikon thaa.
1945 key baad.
1945-1955.
yuddh key baad gharelu aur antarrashtriya rajneeti ney sheet yuddh key adhikansh samay key liye thaai aarthik vikas mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. 1945 seey 1947 taka (jaba sheet yuddh abhee shuru naheen huaa thaa), thaai arthavyavastha koo dusare vishva yuddh key kaaran nuksan huaa. yuddh key dauran, thaai sarkaar (feeled marshel luang fibulsongkram key netritva mein) ney japan key saath gathbandhan kiya aur sahyogiyon key khilaf yuddh kii ghoshana kii. yuddh key baad, thyland koo paschimi deshon koo binaa kissy shulk key 15 laakh tunn chawal kii aapoorti karni padee, joe desh kii aarthik sudhaar parr bojh thaa. sarkaar ney chawal key vyaapaar kii dekhrekh key liye ack chawal karyalaya sthaapit karke samasya koo hull karane kaa prayaas kiya. iss avadhi key dauran, rajkoshiya samasyaon key beach ack bahu-vinimay-darr pranali shuru kii gaee thee, aur raajya ney upabhokta vastuon kii kamee kaa anubhav kiya.
navambar 1947 mein, ack sankshipt loktaantrik avadhi ack sainya takhtapalat seey samaapt hoe gaee aur thaai arthavyavastha ney apani gati hassil curr lii. apane shodh prabandh mein somsak nilnopcon ney 1947 seey 1951 taka kii avadhi koo samriddhi kaa kaal maanaa haye. aprail 1948 taka, yuddhakaaleen pradhaan mantri, junta fibulsongram, apane pichhale karyalaya mein laut aae. haalaanki, vaha apane adheensthon key beach satta sangharsh mein funce gayaa thaa. apani shakti koo sanrakshit karane key liye, fibulsongkram ney sanyukt raajya seey samarthan praapt karane key liye ack saamyvaad virodhi abhiyaan shuru kiya. isake parinamswarup, 1950 key baad seey, thyland koo america seey sainya aur aarthik sahaayata millie. fibulsongram sarkaar ney kaee raajya udyamon kii sthaapana kii, jinhen aarthik raashtravaad key roop mein dekhaa gayaa. raajya (aur usake naukarshah) ney raajya mein poonji aavantan parr prabhutva jamaaya. thyland key sabse pramukh arthshastriyon mein seey ack, ammar siamwala, ise "naukarshahi poonjeevaad" kaa kaal kahate hain.
1955-1985.
1955 mein, thyland ney gharelu aur antarrashtriya rajneeti dwara prerit apani arthavyavastha mein badalaav dekhana shuru kiya. fibul shasson key dou mukhya guton key beach satta sangharsh-pulis general taao sriyanond aur general (baad mein, feeled marshel) sarit thanarat key netritva mein-badh gayaa, jisase sriyanonda ney fibulsongkram shasson key khilaf takhtapalat key liye america seey asafal samarthan manga. luang fibulsonkram ney arthavyavastha koo vikasit karke lokpriya samarthan kii maang karate hue apane shasson kaa loktantrikaran karane kaa prayaas kiya. unhone phir seey america kii or rukh kiya aur sainya sahaayata key bajaay aarthik sahaayata maangi. america ney 1955 seey 1959 taka raajya koo abhootpoorv aarthik sahaayata key saath pratikriya dee. fibulsongkram sarkaar ney desh kii rajkoshiya neetiyon mein bhee mahatvapurna badalaav kiye, jisamen ack nishchit, ekikrit pranali key paksh mein bahu-vinimay-darr pranali koo samaapt karna shamil thaa joe 1984 taka upayog mein thee. sarkaar ney vyaapaar koo bhee tatasth curr diyaa aur sanyukt raajya koo aprasann karate hue chean key janvaadi ganarajya key saath gupt kootneeti kaa sanchaalan kiya.
satta banaae rakhane key unake prayason key bavjood, 16 sitambar 1957 koo feeled marshel sarit thanarat key netritva mein ack takhtapalat mein luang fibulsonkram (feeled marshel finn choonhavan aur pulis general faao sriyanond key saath) koo padchyut curr diyaa gayaa thaa. thanarat shasson (1957 seey 1973 taka satta mein) ney peepuls republic off chaina key saath sabhi sambandh todane aur indochin mein hamaare sanchaalan kaa samarthan karane key baad hamaare samarthan key saath fibulsongkram shasson dwara nirdhaarit pathyakram koo banaae rakhaa. isane desh key buniyaadi dhaanche kaa vikas kiya aur usa buniyaadi dhaanche seey asambandhit raajya udyamon kaa nijikaran kiya. iss avadhi key dauran, bajat beuro, aine. ee. aiss. dee. see. aur thyland board off investment (bee. oh. aaee.) sahit kaee aarthik sansthanon kii sthaapana kii gaee. rashtriya aarthik aur samajik vikas yojana 1961 mein lagu kii gaee thee. iss avadhi key dauran, bajar-unmukh ayaat-pratisthaapan audyogikaran (aaee. aiss. aaee.) ney 1960 key dashak key dauran raajya mein aarthik vistaar kiya. poorv rashtrapati richard aim. nixon key 1967 key "videshi mamalon" lekh mein, thyland ney 1958 mein teji seey vikas kii avadhi mein pravesh kiya (ack varsh mein saat pratishat kii ausat vikas darr key saath).
1970 seey 1984 taka thyland koo kaee aarthik samasyaon kaa saamana karna padaah hamaare nivesh mein kamee, bajat ghaata, tail-moolya vriddhi aur mudrasfeeti. gharelu rajneeti bhee asthir thee. 25 disambar 1978 koo kambodiya parr viyatnami kabje key saath, thyland saamyvaad key khilaf sangharsh mein agrim pankti kaa raajya bunn gayaa, joe teen saamyavaadi deshon seey ghiraa huaa thaa aur ack samajwadi barma ney aam jeet hassil kii thee. lagaatar sarkaaron ney niryaat aur paryatan koo badhaava dekar aarthik samasyaon koo hull karane kaa prayaas kiya, joe abhee bhee thaai arthavyavastha key liye mahatvapurna haye.
usa samay kii aarthik samasyaon seey nipatane key liye sabse prasiddh upaayon mein seey ack 1980 seey 1988 taka satta mein rahee general prem tinsukia kii sarkaar key tahat lagu kiya gayaa thaa. 1981 aur 1984 key beach, sarkaar ney rashtriya mudra, thaai baahat (thab) kaa teen baar avamoolyan kiya. 12 maee 1981 koo, iska 1.7 pratishat taka avamoolyan kiya gayaa thaa, thb20.775/us $seey thb21/us $taka. 15 julaai 1981 koo, iska phir seey avamoolyan kiya gayaa, iss baar 8.7 pratishat (thb21/us $seey thb23/us $taka). teesara avamoolyan, 5 navambar 1984 koo, sabse mahatvapurna thaah 15 pratishat, thb23/us $seey thb27/us $taka. sarkaar ney desh kii nishchit vinimay darr (jahaan ise americi dollar key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa) koo ack "multiple currency basket pegg system" key saath badal diyaa jisamen americi dollar kaa vajan 80 pratishat thaa. aaee. aim. aff. key vishva aarthik drishtikon databases seey ganana kii gaee, 1980-1984 avadhi mein, thaai arthavyavastha kii ausat jee. dee. pee. vriddhi darr 5.4 pratishat thee.
1985-1997.
thaai baahat key teesare avamoolyan key saath, 22 sitambar 1985 koo, japan, america, united kingdam, france aur paschim germany ney yenn aur duesh maark key sambandh mein americi dollar key moolya mein girawat key liye plaza samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye. choonki thaai mudra basket mein dollar kaa hissa 80 pratishat thaa, isaliye baahat kaa moolya aur cumm hoe gayaa, jisase thyland kaa niryaat adhik pratispardhi hoe gayaa aur desh pratyaksh videshi nivesh (aff. dee. aaee.) key liye adhik aakarshak hoe gayaa (vishesh roop seey japan seey, jisaki mudra 1985 seey badhee thee). 1988 mein, prem tinsukia ney istifa dey diyaa aur 1976 key baad seey thyland key pahale loktaantrik roop seey nirvaachit pradhaan mantri chaitichai choonhavan dwara uttaradhikari baney. cambodian-viyatnami yuddh samaapt hoe rhaa thaa; 1989 taka viyatnam dheere-dheere cambodia seey peechhe hutt gayaa, jisase thaai aarthik vikas mein vriddhi hui.
1984 key baahat avamoolyan aur 1985 key plaza samjhaute key baad, halanki saarvajanik kshetra vittiya baadhaon key kaaran sangharsh curr rhaa thaa, niji kshetra kaa vikas huaa. desh key behtar videshi vyaapaar aur pratyaksh videshi nivesh (mukhya roop seey japan seey) kii aamad ney 1987 seey 1996 taka aarthik uchhaal koo janm diyaa. haalaanki thyland ney pahale apane niryaat koo badhaava diyaa thaa, iss avadhi key dauran desh ayaat-pratisthaapan (isi) seey niryaat-unmukh audyogikaran (eoi) kii or sthanantarit hoe gayaa. iss dashak key dauran thaai jee. dee. pee. (aaee. aim. aff. vishva aarthik drishtikon databases seey ganana kii gaee) kii ausat vriddhi darr prati varsh 9.5 pratishat thee, joe 1988 mein 13.3 pratishat key shikhar key saath thee. isi avadhi mein, vastuon aur sevaaon key thaai niryaat kii matra kii ausat vriddhi darr 14.8 pratishat thee, joe 1988 mein 26.1 pratishat key shikhar key saath thee.
aarthik samasyaaen bunny raheen. 1987 seey 1996 taka, thyland ney prati varsh jee. dee. pee. key ausat-5.4 pratishat chaalu khaate key ghaate kaa anubhav kiya, aur ghaate mein vriddhi jaari rahee. 1996 mein, chaalu khaate kaa ghaata jee. dee. pee. (yuu. aiss. $14.351 billion) kaa-7.887 pratishat thaa. poonji kii kamee ack aur samasya thee. sitambar 1992 seey maee 1995 taka karyalaya mein pahali chuan likpai sarkaar ney 1993 mein thaai bainkon koo bancock antarrashtriya banking suvidha (bee. aaee. bee. aff.) licenses dekar iss samasya koo hull karane kii koshish kii. isase bee. aaee. bee. aff. bainkon koo cumm byaaj parr videshi vittiya sansthanon seey udhaar laker aur thaai vyavsaayon koo rinn dekar thyland kii uchch byaaj darr seey laabh uthaane kii anumati millie. 1997 taka, videshi rinn badhkar 109,276 arab dollar (jiska 65 pratishat alpakaalik rinn thaa) hoe gayaa thaa, jabaki thyland key paas antarrashtriya bhandar mein 38,700 arab dollar they. kaee rinon koo achal sampatti dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa, jisase ack aarthik bulbula paida huaa. 1996 key anta taka, desh key vittiya sansthanon mein vishvaas kii kamee hoe gaee thee; sarkaar ney 18 trust companiyon aur teen vaanijyik bainkon koo bund curr diyaa. agale varsh, sarkaar dwara 56 vittiya sansthanon koo bund curr diyaa gayaa.
ack aur samasya videshi atkalen theen. thyland kii aarthik samasyaon aur isaki mudra vinimay darr seey avagat, videshi sattebaaj (haze fund sahit) nishchit they kii sarkaar phir seey baahat kaa avamoolyan karegi, donon hajir aur agrim baajaron parr dabaav key kaaran. hajir bajar mein, avamoolyan koo majboor karane key liye, sattebaajon ney baahat mein rinn liya aur dollar mein rinn diyaa. agrim bajar mein, sattebaaj (yeh maanate hue kii baahat kaa jald hii avamoolyan hoe jaayega) bhavishya mein kaee maheenon mein baahat kii ack vishisht raashi kaa bhugtan karane key liye ack samjhaute key badale mein dollar dene vaale vikretaon key saath anubandh karke mudra key khilaf daanv lagaate hain.
sarkaar mein, viratong ramangkul (pradhaanmantri chaavalit yongchayudh key aarthik salaahkaaron mein seey ack) seey baahat kaa avamoolyan karane kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa, jise poorv pradhaanmantri pradhaanmantri tinsulanonda dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa. yongchayudh ney unhein nazarandaj curr diyaa, baahat kii raksha key liye thyland key tata (governor rarnagchai marakanond key netritva mein, jinhone 24,000 arab dollar-thyland key antarrashtriya bhandar kaa lagbhag dou-tihai) kharch kiye. 2 julaai 1997 koo, thyland key paas antarrashtriya bhandar mein 2,850 arab dollar shesh they, aur abb vaha baahat kii raksha naheen curr sakata thaa. usa dinn marakanond ney baahat koo tairaane kaa faisala kiya, jisase 1997 kaa asiai vittiya sankat shuru hoe gayaa.
1997-2000.
1997 key asiai vittiya sankat key parinamswarup thaai arthavyavastha dhwast hoe gaee. kuchh maheenon key bheetar, baahat kaa moolya thb25/us $(iska sabse nichala bindu) seey thb56/us $taka chalaa gayaa. thyland (sett) kaa stock exchange 1994 mein 1,753.73 key shikhar seey girkar 1998 mein 207.31 key nichale star parr aaa gayaa. desh kaa jee. dee. pee. 1996 key anta mein thb3.115 trillion seey girkar 1998 key anta mein thb2.749 trillion hoe gayaa. dollar key sandarbh mein, thyland koo apane 1996 jee. dee. pee. koo phir seey hassil karane mein 10 saal taka kaa samay lagaa. berojgari kii darr lagbhag teen gunaa badh gaeeh 1996 mein shram bull key 1.5 pratishat seey 1998 mein 4.4 pratishat hoe gaee.
baahat key moolya mein tej kamee ney achaanak videshi rinn mein vriddhi kii, jisase vittiya sansthaan kamjor hoe gaye. kaee videshi niveshakon koo beche gaye, jabaki anya diwalia hoe gaye. thyland key mudra-suraksha upaayon key baink seey cumm antarrashtriya bhandar key kaaran, sarkaar koo antarrashtriya maudrik kosh (aaee. aim. aff.) seey rinn sweekaar karna padaa. kull milakar, thyland ney hamein 17.2 arab dollar kii sahaayata praapt kii.
sankat ney thaai rajneeti koo prabhaavit kiya. ack pratyaksh prabhaav yeh thaa kii pradhaanmantri chaavalit yongchayudh ney 6 navambar 1997 koo dabaav mein istifa dey diyaa, jisake baad vipakshi netaa chuan likpai ney padbhar sambhala. navambar 1997 seey farwari 2001 taka karyalaya mein doosari likpai sarkaar ney aaee. aim. aff.-nirdeshit nava-udaarvaadi poonjeevaad parr adharit aarthik sudhaaron koo lagu karane kaa prayaas kiya. isane sakht rajkoshiya neetiyon (byaaj daron koo uchch rakhate hue aur sarkari kharch mein katauti) kaa paalan kiya, 11 kaanoon banaae jinhen ise "kadvi dawa" kahaa jaataa haye aur alochakon ney "11 rashtra-bikri kaanoon" kahaa. thaai sarkaar aur usake samarthakon ney kahaa kii inn upaayon seey thaai arthavyavastha mein sudhaar huaa haye.
1999 mein, sankat key baad pahali baar thyland mein sakaratmak jee. dee. pee. vriddhi darr thee. haalaanki, kaee alochakon ney aaee. aim. aff. parr avishvaas kiya aur kahaa kii sarkaar dwara kharch mein katauti seey vasuli koo nuksan pahuncha haye. lattin america aur africa mein aarthik samasyaon key vipareet, unhone kahaa, asiai vittiya sankat niji kshetra mein paida huaa thaa aur aaee. aim. aff. upaay anuchit they. 1999 mein sakaratmak vikas darr isaliye thee kyonki desh kaa jee. dee. pee. lagaatar dou varshon seey cumm huaa thaa, joe akele 1998 mein-10.5 pratishat thaa. baahat key sandarbh mein, yeh 2002 taka naheen thaa (dollar key sandarbh mein, 2006 taka naheen) kii thyland apane 1996 jee. dee. pee. koo phir seey hassil curr legaa. 1999 mein miyazawa yojana seey ack atirikt rinn ney yeh sawal khadaa curr diyaa kii kyaa (yaa kiss hudd taka) likpai sarkaar ney thaai arthavyavastha koo vivadaspad banaane mein madad kii.
haal kaa aarthik itihas (2001-vartamaan).
thaai rajneeti parr vittiya sankat kaa apratyaksh prabhaav thaksin sinavatra kaa uday thaa. sarkaar kii aarthik neetiyon kii pratikriya mein, thaksin sinavatara kii thaai raak thaai party ney 2001 key aam chunaav mein likpai kii loktaantrik party parr bhaari jeet hassil kii aur farwari 2001 mein padbhar sambhala. halanki unake prashaasan key pahale varsh mein kamjor niryaat maang ney jee. dee. pee. vriddhi darr koo 2.2 pratishat taka rakhaa, lekin pahali thaksin sinavatara sarkaar ney 2002 seey 2004 taka kramshah 5.3,7.1 aur 6.3 pratishat kii vriddhi darr key saath achchha pradarshan kiya. unaki neeti koo baad mein thocsynomics kahaa gayaa. thaksin key pahale karyakal key dauran, thyland kii arthavyavastha ney gati hassil kii aur desh ney julaai 2003 (nirdhaarit samay seey dou saal pahale) taka apane rinn kaa bhugtan curr diyaa. thocsynomics kii aalochana key bavjood, thaksin kii party ney 2005 key aam chunaav mein democratic party parr ack aur bhaari jeet hassil kii. thoxynomics seey sambandhit aadhikarik aarthik aankadon seey pataa chalata haye kii 2001 aur 2011 key beach, prati vyakti isaan kaa jee. dee. pee. dogune seey adhik badhkar 1,475 dollar hoe gayaa, jabaki, isi avadhi mein, bancock kshetra mein jee. dee. pee. 7,900 dollar seey badhkar lagbhag 13,000 dollar hoe gayaa.
thaksin kaa doosara karyakal cumm safal rhaa. 26 disambar 2004 koo, hind mahasagar mein sunami aaee. maanav toll key alawa, isane 2005 mein pahali timahi thaai jee. dee. pee. koo prabhaavit kiya. peele shirt, thaksin key khilaf pradarshankariyon kaa ack gathbandhan, 2005 mein bhee ubhara. 2006 mein, thaksin ney sansad koo bhang curr diyaa aur ack aam chunaav kaa ahwan kiya. aprail 2006 key aam chunaav kaa mukhya vipakshi dalon dwara bahishkaar kiya gayaa thaa. thaksin kii party phir seey jeeti, lekin samvaidhaanik adalat ney chunaav koo amaanya ghoshit curr diyaa. octuber 2006 key liye nirdhaarit ack aur aam chunaav radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 19 sitambar koo sainikon key ack samooh ney khud koo samvaidhaanik rajshahi key tahat loktaantrik sudhaar key liye parishad kahaa aur sonthi buniratgalin key netritva mein ack takhtapalat kaa ayojan kiya, jisamen thaksin koo baahar curr diyaa gayaa, jaba vaha newyork mein sanyukt rashtra mahasabha mein ack bhaashan kii taiyari curr rahey they. doosari thaksin sarkaar key antim varsh key dauran, thaai jee. dee. pee. mein 5.1 pratishat kii vriddhi hui. unaki sarkaaron key tahat, aaee. aim. dee. vaishvik pratispardha scoreboard mein thyland kii samagr ranking 2002 mein 31vein seey badhkar 2005 mein 25vein sthaan parr aaa gaee, isase pahale kii 2006 mein yeh 29vein sthaan parr aaa gaee.
takhtapalat key baad thyland kii arthavyavastha koo phir seey nuksan huaa. 2006 kii antim timahi seey 2007 taka, desh parr general surayud chulanont key netritva mein ack sainya junta kaa shasson thaa, jinhen octuber 2006 mein pradhaan mantri niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 2006 jee. dee. pee. vriddhi darr pahali teen-chauthai mein 6.1,5.1 aur 4.8 pratishat seey ghatkar kyu4 mein 4.4 pratishat (yoy) hoe gaee. aaee. aim. dee. vaishvik pratispardha score parr thyland kii ranking 2005 mein 26vein seey girkar 2006 mein 29vein aur 2007 mein 33vein sthaan parr aaa gaee. badey paimaane parr buniyaadi dhaanche key nivesh key liye thaksin kii yojana 2011 taka ullikhit naheen thee, jaba unaki chhoti bahan yingluck sinavatra ney karyalaya mein pravesh kiya. 2007 mein thaai arthavyavastha mein 5 pratishat kii vriddhi hui. 23 disambar 2007 koo sainya sarkaar ney ack aam chunaav aayojit kiya. samaak sundervez key netritva mein thaksin samarthak peepuls power party ney abhisit vejjajiv kii democratic party parr bhaari jeet hassil kii.
janata kii shakti vaali party key netritva vaali sarkaar key tahat desh raajneetik uthal-puthal mein parh gayaa. yeh, 2007-2008 key vittiya sankat key saath milkar 2008 thaai jee. dee. pee. kii vriddhi darr koo 2.5% taka ghataa diyaa. march 2008 mein loktantra (paid) key liye logon key gathbandhan aur peele rung kii shirt key phir seey bulaaye jaane seey pahale, varsh kii pahali timahi mein jee. dee. pee. mein 6.5 pratishat (yoy) kii vriddhi hui. aaee. aim. dee. vishva pratispardha scoreboard parr thyland kii ranking 2007 mein 33vein seey badhkar 2008 mein 27vein sthaan parr pahunch gaee. agast 2008 mein thyland key sarkari ghar parr peele rung kii shirt kaa kabja hoe gayaa, aur 9 sitambar koo samvaidhaanik adalat ney samak sundervez koo pradhaanmantri pada seey hataane kaa nirnay diyaa.
thaksin key behnoi somchai vongsawat 18 sitambar koo samak sundervez key baad pradhaanmantri baney. america mein vittiya sankat apane charam parr pahunch gayaa, jabaki peele rung kii shirt abhee bhee sarkari ghar mein thee, jisase sarkari karyon mein baadha aaee. jee. dee. pee. kii vriddhi darr kyu2 2008 mein 5.2 pratishat (yoy) seey ghatkar kyu3 aur kyu4 mein 3.1 pratishat (yoy) aur −4.1 pratishat (yoy) hoe gaee. 25 navambar seey 3 disambar 2008 taka peele rung kii shirts ney somchai vongsawat key pradhaan mantri pada kaa virodh karate hue, dou bancock havaai addon (suvarnabhoomi aur done mueng) koo jabt curr liya, aur thyland kii chhavi aur arthavyavastha koo nuksan pahunchaaya. 2 disambar koo thaai samvaidhaanik adalat ney pradhaanmantri key roop mein somchai vongsawat koo baahar karate hue peepuls power party koo bhang karane kaa nirnay jaari kiya.
2008 key anta taka, abhisit vejajiv kii loktaantrik party key netritva mein ack gathbandhan sarkaar kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaah "2008 mein loktaantrik party dwara pada sambhaalane key pahale dinn seey abhisit sarkaar kii vaidhata parr sawal uthaaye jaa rahey hain kyonki yeh kathit roop seey senaa dwara ack sainya shivir mein banaaya gayaa thaa. sarkaar americi vittiya sankat aur laal shirt key dabaav mein thee, jinhone abhisit vejajiv key pradhaan mantralaya koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa aur jald seey jald nae chunaavon kaa ahwan kiya. haalaanki, abisit ney maee 2011 mein ack nae chunaav key liye sansad koo bhang karane taka key ahwan koo aswikar curr diyaa. 2009 mein, karyalaya mein unake pahale varsh, thyland ney 1997 key vittiya sankat key baad pahali baar nakaratmak vikas darr kaa anubhav kiyaah-2.3 pratishat kaa jee. dee. pee.
2010 mein desh kii vikas darr badhkar 7.8 pratishat hoe gaee. haalaanki, 2010 key pramukh virodh pradarshanon key aspas kii asthirta key saath, thyland kii jee. dee. pee. vriddhi pichhale nagrik prashaasan key tahat 5-7 pratishat key uchch star seey lagbhag 4-5 pratishat parr sthir hoe gaee-raajneetik anishchitata koo niveshak aur upabhokta vishvaas mein girawat key praathamik kaaran key roop mein pahachaana gayaa thaa. aaee. aim. aff. ney bhavishyavani kii kii thaai arthavyavastha 2011 mein cumm 0.1 pratishat jee. dee. pee. vriddhi seey 2012 mein 5.5 pratishat aur phir 2013 mein 7.5 pratishat taka majboot roop seey palat jaayegi, kyonki baink off thyland kii samaayojit maudrik neeti key saath-saath maujooda yinglook shinavatra sarkaar dwara pesh kiye gaye rajkoshiya protsaahan upaayon kaa ack package.
2011 kii pahali dou-chauthai mein, jaba raajneetik sthiti apekshaakrit shaant thee, thaai jee. dee. pee. mein 3.2 aur 2.7 pratishat (yoy) kii vriddhi hui. abhisit key prashaasan key tahat, thyland kii ranking 2009 mein 26 seey girkar 2010 aur 2011 mein 27 hoe gaee, aur 2009 key baad seey desh kii buniyaadi sanrachana mein girawat aaee.
2011 key aam chunaav mein, samarthak thaksin feu thaai party ney phir seey loktaantrik party parr nirnaayak jeet hassil kii, aur thaksin kii sabse chhoti bahan, yinglook shinavatra, pradhaan mantri key roop mein abhisit key uttaradhikari baneen. julaai mein nirvaachit, fiu thaai party key netritva vaali sarkaar ney agast key anta mein apana prashaasan shuru kiya, aur jaba yingluck karyalaya mein pravesh kiya, tou 2011 kii thyland baadh ney desh koo khatare mein daal diyaa-25 julaai 2011 seey 16 janwari 2012 taka, desh key 76 praanton mein seey 65 baadh key paani seey dhake hue they. vishva baink ney disambar 2011 mein kull nuksan kaa aaklan kiya aur thb1.425 trillion (lagbhag $45.7 billion) kii laagat kii soochana dee.
2011 jee. dee. pee. kii vriddhi darr kewal kyu. 4 mein 8.9 pratishat (yoy) key sankuchan key saath 0.00 pratishat taka gir gaee.<riff naam = "sakal gharelu utpaadah q 2/2012> </ref> desh kii samagr pratispardha ranking, aaee. aim. dee. vishva pratispardha scoreboard key anusaar, 2011 mein 27 seey girkar 2012 mein 30 hoe gaee.
2012 mein, thyland pichhale varsh kii gambhir baadh seey uber rhaa thaa. yinglook sarkaar ney desh key buniyaadi dhaanche koo vikasit karane kii yojana banaai, jisamen ack deerghakaalik jall-prabandhan pranali seey laker rasad taka shamil hain. eurozone sankat ney kathit taur parr 2012 mein thyland key aarthik vikas koo nuksan pahunchaaya, jisase pratyaksh aur apratyaksh roop seey desh key niryaat parr assar padaa. thyland kaa jee. dee. pee. 6.5 pratishat badhaa, jisamen 3.02 pratishat kii pramukh mudrasfeeti darr aur desh key jee. dee. pee. kaa 0.7 pratishat kaa chaalu khaata adhishesh thaa.
23 disambar 2013 koo, pichhale maheenon key dauran raajneetik ashanti key kaaran thaai baahat teen saal key nichale star parr aaa gayaa. bloomberg" key anusaar, thaai mudra navambar aur disambar mein 4.6 pratishat gir gaee, jabaki mukhya stock soochkaank bhee (9.1 pratishat) gir gayaa.
maee 2014 mein thaai sainya takhtapalat key baad, agence france presse (aeye. aff. pee.) ney ack lekh prakaashit kiya jisamen daavaa kiya gayaa thaa kii rashtra "mandee key kagaar" parr thaa. 17 juuna 2014 koo prakaashit, lekh kaa mukhya vishay aapravaasan "clampdown" key darr seey thyland seey lagbhag 180,000 cambodience kaa prasthaan haye, lekin janwari seey march 2014 key anta taka thaai arthavyavastha key 2.1 pratishat timahi-darr-timahi key sankuchan kii jaankaari key saath nishkarsh nikala gayaa.
maee 2014 mein senaa dwara lagu kiye gaye curfue kii samaapti key baad seey, thaai udyog mahasangh (aff. tii. aaee.) key adhyaksh, supant mongolsthri ney kahaa kii vaha 2014 mein thaai arthavyavastha key liye 2.5-3 pratishat kii vriddhi kii yojana banaate hain, saath hii 2014 kii doosari chhamaahi mein thaai paryatak udyog key punrutthan kii bhee yojana banaate hain. isake alawa, supant ney nivesh board key bhavishya mein lagbhag 700 arab baahat key nivesh pariyojanaon key backlog parr vichaar kaa bhee hawala diyaa, joe ack aarthik roop seey fayademand prakriya key roop mein octuber 2014 key aspas hogi.
thyland key kamjor aarthik pradarshan ney 2015 key anta mein, desh mein aur prabhaavshaali paschimi media donon mein, arthavyavastha key shaanti aur vyavastha (aine. see. pee. oh.) key liye rashtriya parishad kii aalochana koo badhaa diyaa. 2019 kii pahali timahi mein desh kii aarthik vriddhi darr 2.8 pratishat darj kii gaee joe 2014 key baad seey sabse dheemi rahee.
sainya sarkaar ney 2016 mein apani navintam aarthik pahal, "thyland 4.0" kaa anaavaran kiya...thyland koo madhyam aaya vaale jaal seey mukt karane kii master plan, jisase yeh paanch varshon mein ack uchch aaya vaalaa rashtra bunn jaayega."
sarkari vivaran thyland koo dashakon pahale thyland kii krishi arthavyavastha key roop mein varnit kartaa haye. thyland ney 2.0 koo raasta diyaa, jaba rashtra kii arthavyavastha halke udyog, vastra aur khaadya prasanskaran kii or badhee. thyland 3 vartamaan dinn kaa varnan kartaa haye, jisamen bhaari udyog aur oorjaa thaai jee. dee. pee. kaa 70 pratishat taka haye. thyland 4 koo uchch takneek udyogon aur navachar dwara sanchaalit ack arthavyavastha key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye joe moolya vardhit utpaadon aur sevaaon key utpaadan kii or leey jaayega. pradhaanmantri, general prayoot chaan-oh-chaa key anusaar, thyland 4 teen tatvon seey banaa haih 1. thyland koo ack uchch aaya vaalaa rashtra banaana, 2. thyland koo ack adhik samaveshi samaaj banaana, aur 3. satat vikas aur vikas parr dhyaan kendrit karna.
thyland 4 key aalochak bataate hain kii thyland mein thaai udyog key aadhunikikaran key liye vishesh roop seey uchch praudyogiki mein visheshagyon aur visheshagyon kii kamee haye. "...thyland vikas anusandhaan sansthaan (tii. dee. aar. aaee.) mein samaveshi vikas key liye anusandhaan nideshak somchai jitsuchon ney kahaa, "sarkaar koo thyland 4 koo aage laane mein madad karane key liye videshi visheshagyon key ayaat kii anumati deni hogi. "...yeh aasaan naheen hoga kyonki sthaaniya peshevar sangh iss vichaar kaa virodh karenge kyonki way una peshevar currier koo kewal thaai logon key liye aarakshit karna chaahte hain. unhone aage bataaya kii thyland kii kewal 56 pratishat aabaadi key paas internet kii pahunch haye, joe ack uchch takneek karyabal key nirmaan mein ack baadha haye. thyland 4 kaa ack pramukh jore robotic nirmaan kii or badhane koo protsaahit curr rhaa haye. lekin asiai aarthik samudaay (aeye. ee. see.) mein thyland kii sadasyata, padosi deshon key saste shramikon koo aur bhee aasaani seey upalabdh karaati haye, jisase aarthik mamle koo robot parr switch karna kathin hoe jaayega. somchai ney yeh bhee bataaya kii thaai sarkaar kii naukarshahi prakriti thyland 4 koo sakar karna mushkil banaa degi. pratyek kaary yojana mein kaee mantralayon seey parinam kii aavashyakta hoti haye, "joe sabhi badey, avyavasthit roop seey sanchaalit sangathan hain" joe pradarshan karane mein dheemi gati seey kaam karate hain.
sitambar 2020 mein, vishva baink ney anuman lagaaya kii covid-19 mahamari key kaaran varsh key anta taka thaai arthavyavastha 8.9% sikud jaayegi. thaai sarkaar ney farwari 2020 seey jett eendhan curr mein katauti kii.
vrihat aarthik rujhaan.
nimnalikhit talika mein mukhya aarthik sanketkon koo 1980-2021 mein dikhaaya gayaa haye (2022-2027 mein aaee. aim. aff. karmchaariyon key anumaanon key saath). 5 pratishat seey cumm mudrasfeeti harit haye.
pichhale 32 varshon mein thyland kii arthavyavastha kaa vistaar huaa haye. vartamaan kimaton parr jee. dee. pee. seey pataa chalata haye kii 1980 seey 2012 taka thaai arthavyavastha kaa vistaar lagbhag solah gunaa huaa haye jaba ise baahat mein maapa gayaa, yaa lagbhag gyaarah gunaa jaba ise dollar mein maapa gayaa. aaee. aim. aff. key anusaar, yeh thyland koo duniya kii 32veen sabse badee arthavyavastha banaata haye. jee. dee. pee. key sambandh mein, thyland ney aarthik vikas kii paanch avadhiyon seey gujarna padaa haye. 1980 seey 1984 taka arthavyavastha mein prati varsh ausatan 5.4 pratishat kii vriddhi hui haye. kshetriya vyavsaayon kaa jee. dee. pee. mein 70 pratishat yogdan haye, jisamen bancock kaa yogdan 30 pratishat haye.
1984 key baaht avamoolyan aur 1985 key plaza samjhaute key baad, pratyaksh videshi nivesh (mukhya roop seey japan seey) kii ack mahatvapurna raashi ney prati varsh ausat vikas darr koo 1985 seey 1996 taka 8.8 pratishat taka badhaa diyaa, isase pahale kii 1997 seey 1998 taka-5.9 pratishat prati varsh taka gir gayaa. 1999 seey 2006 taka, thyland kii ausat vikas darr 5 pratishat prati varsh thee. 2007 key baad seey, desh koo kaee chunautiyon kaa saamana karna padaa haih 2006 key anta mein ack sainya takhtapalat, 2008 seey 2011 taka raajneetik uthal-puthal, 2008 seey 2009 taka americi vittiya sankat apane charam parr pahunch gayaa, 2010 aur 2011 mein baadh, aur 2012 eurozone sankat. isake parinamswarup, 2007 seey 2012 taka ausat jee. dee. pee. vriddhi darr prati varsh 3.25 pratishat thee.
prati vyakti jee. dee. pee. key mamle mein thyland padosi deshon key saath tulanaa seey peedit haye. 2011 mein, chean kaa prati vyakti nammatra jee. dee. pee. thyland koo paar curr gayaa, jisase baad vaalaa apane sathiyon kii tulanaa mein prati vyakti sabse cumm nammatra jee. dee. pee. thaa. aaee. aim. aff. key anusaar, 2012 mein thyland prati vyakti apane nammatra jee. dee. pee. mein duniya mein 92vein sthaan parr thaa.
garibi aur asamaanta.
thyland key garibon kii sankhya 2014 mein 7.1 laakh logon seey ghatkar 2015 mein 4.5 pratishat hoe gaee, joe kii 4.9 laakh yaa jansankhya kaa 7.2 pratishat haye. thyland kii 2014 kii garibi rekha koo 2,647 baahat prati maah kii aaya key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa thaa. 2015 key liye yeh 2,644 baahat prati maah thaa. aine. ee. aiss. dee. see. key anusaar, "thyland mein garibi aur asamaanta" sheershak vaali ack report mein, 2014 mein desh kii vriddhi darr 0.8 pratishat aur 2015 mein 2.8 pratishat thee. aine. ee. aiss. dee. see. key mahasachiv porameti vimolsiri ney kahaa kii vikas sarkari neetiyon key prabhaav key kaaran huaa thaa. report mein yeh bhee kahaa gayaa haye kii thaai aabaadi key 10 pratishat ney thyland kii kull aaya kaa 35 pratishat arjit kiya aur isaki bhoomi kaa 61.5 pratishat swaamitva thaa.
thyland koo duniya key teesare sabse asman rashtra key roop mein sthaan diyaa gayaa thaa, roose aur bhaarat key baad, credit suis "vaishvik dhana databases 2016" ("vaishvik dhana report 2016" key liye saathi matra) mein, thaai aabaadi key ack pratishat key paas thyland kii sampatti kaa 58 pratishat honey kaa anuman haye.
udyog.
smace.
thyland kii lagbhag sabhi farmon, 99.7 pratishat, yaa 2.7 laakh udyamon koo chhote yaa madhyam aakar key udyamon (aiss. aim. ee. aiss.) key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. , thyland key kull rojgar kaa 80.3 pratishat (13 million) aiss. aim. ee. aiss. haye. sarasar sankhya mein smaze pramukh hain, lekin rashtra key jee. dee. pee. mein unakaa yogdan 2002 mein jee. dee. pee. key 41.3 pratishat seey ghatkar 2013 mein 37.4 pratishat hoe gayaa. unakaa ghatata yogdan unaki karobar darr mein parilakshit hotaa haih sattar pratishat bheetar whiffle hoe jaataa haye...kuchh saal 
krishi, vaniki aur machhali pakadana.
1960 key dashak seey krishi mein vikas ney thyland key audyogik arthavyavastha mein parivartan kaa samarthan kiya haye. haal hii mein 1980 mein krishi ney 70 pratishat rojgar kii aapoorti kii. 2008 mein, krishi, vaniki aur machhali pakadane ney jee. dee. pee. mein 8.4 pratishat kaa yogdan diyaa; graameen kshetron mein, krishi naukariyon seey aadhe rojgar kii aapoorti hoti haye. chawal desh kii sabse mahatvapurna fasal haye aur thyland lambe samay seey chawal kaa duniya kaa number ack niryaatak rhaa haye, haal hii mein bhaarat aur viyatnam donon seey peechhe reh gayaa. yeh jheenga kaa ack pramukh niryaatak haye. anya fasalon mein narial, makai, rubber, soyabean, ganna aur tapioca shamil hain.
thyland duniya kaa teesara sabse badaa samudri khaadya niryaatak haye. thaai frozen foods association key anusaar, 2014 mein kull milakar machhali kaa niryaat lagbhag 3 arab dollar thaa. thyland key machhali pakadane key udyog mein 300,000 seey adhik loga kaam karate hain.
1985 mein, thyland ney apane bhoomi kshetra kaa 25 pratishat vann sanrakshan key liye aur 15 pratishat lakadi utpaadan key liye naamit kiya. vanon koo sanrakshan aur manoranjan key liye alag rakhaa gayaa haye, aur vann udyog key liye lakadi key vann upalabdh hain. 1992 aur 2001 key beach, lakadi aur lakadi key tukadon kaa niryaat 50,000 seey badhkar prati varsh 2,000,000 cubic meater hoe gayaa.
kshetriya avian-flue key prakop ney 2004 mein thyland key krishi kshetra koo sankuchit curr diyaa, aur 26 disambar kii sunami ney andman samudri machhali pakadane key udyog koo tabah curr diyaa. 2005 aur 2006 mein krishi jee. dee. pee. mein 10 pratishat kii kamee aaee thee.
thyland jipsum kaa duniya kaa doosara sabse badaa niryaatak haye (kanada key baad), halanki sarkari neeti jipsum niryaat koo samarthan moolyon taka seemit karati haye. 2003 mein thyland ney 40 seey adhik vibhinn khanijon kaa utpaadan kiya, jiska vaarshik moolya lagbhag 740 million americi dollar thaa. sitambar 2003 mein, khanan mein videshi nivesh koo protsaahit karane key liye sarkaar ney videshi companiyon dwara khanan parr apane pratibandhon mein dheel dee aur raajya koo deya khanij royalty koo cumm curr diyaa.
udyog aur vinirmaan.
2007 mein udyog ney jee. dee. pee. mein 43.9 pratishat kaa yogdan diyaa, jisamen 14 pratishat karyabal koo rojgar diyaa gayaa. 1995 seey 2005 taka udyog kaa ausat vaarshik darr 3.4 pratishat seey vistaar huaa. udyog kaa sabse mahatvapurna upa-kshetra vinirmaan haye, joe 2004 mein sakal gharelu utpaad kaa 34.5 pratishat thaa.
vidyut aur electronics.
vidyut aur electronics (ee aind ee) upkaran thyland kaa sabse badaa niryaat kshetra haye, joe kull niryaat kaa lagbhag 15 pratishat haye. 2014 mein thyland kaa ee aind ee niryaat kull 55 arab dollar thaa. ee aind ee kshetra ney 2015 mein lagbhag 7,80,000 shramikon koo rojgar diyaa, joe vinirmaan mein kull rojgar kaa 12.2 pratishat haye.
thyland asia mein computer aur computer ghatakon kaa sabse badaa niryaatak haye. thyland chean key baad haard disk drive (aich. dee. dee. aiss.) kaa duniya kaa doosara sabse badaa nirmaata haye, jisamen sabse badey utpadakon mein paschimi digital aur cgate praudyogiki shamil haye. lekin thyland key uchch takneek kshetra key liye samasyaaen aaa sakati hain. janwari 2015 mein, desh kaa vinirmaan soochkaank lagaatar 22vein maheene gir gayaa, jisamen television aur radio jaisi vastuon kaa utpaadan saal-darr-saal 38 pratishat cumm huaa. nirmaata una deshon mein sthanantarit hoe rahey hain jahan shram thyland kii tulanaa mein sastaa haye. aprail 2015 mein, reyong praant mein ack ell. jee. electronics karkhane mein utpaadan bund hoe jaayega. utpaadan koo viyatnam mein sthanantarit kiya jaa rhaa haye, jahan prati dinn shram laagat thyland mein $6.35 banaam $9.14 haye. samsung electronics company. ell. tii. dee. viyatnam mein dou badey smartphone karkhane sthaapit kiye jaayenge. isane 2014 mein viyatnami arthavyavastha key liye lagbhag 11 arab dollar key nivesh kii pratigya kii. jaise-jaise praudyogikiyan vikasit hoti gaeen, jaise-jaise.jee.jaise-jaise aich. dee. dee. koo solid-state drive (aiss. aiss. dee. aiss.) dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye, nirmaata inn navintam takneekon kaa utpaadan karane key liye sabse achchha sthaan kii punah jaanch curr rahey hain. isake alawa, iss kshetra mein 74 pratishat vetanbhogi shramikon koo robot dwara pratisthaapit kiye jaane kaa uchch jokhim haye, kyonki inn padon mein "doharaae jaane vaale, gair-sangyanatmak kaary" shamil hain.
motor vaahan.
thyland motor vaahan utpaadan aur bikri mein asiai netaa haye. iss kshetra ney 2015 mein lagbhag 417,000 shramikon koo rojgar diyaa, joe sabhi vinirmaan udyogon mein kull rojgar kaa 6.5 pratishat haye aur desh key sakal gharelu utpaad kaa lagbhag 10 pratishat haye. 2014 mein, thyland ney hamein motor vaahan vastuon mein 25.8 arab dollar kaa niryaat kiya. thyland mein motor vaahan kshetra key 73 pratishat shramikon koo swachaalan key kaaran naukari khone kaa uchch jokhim haye.
"srotah thaai udyogon kaa sangh"
ratna aur gahane.
ratna aur aabhushan niryaat moolya key hisab seey thyland kii teesari sabse badee niryaat shreni haye, joe motor vaahan aur purjon aur computer ghatakon key peechhe haye. 2019 mein, soney sahit ratna aur aabhushanon kaa niryaat 2018 seey badhkar 15.7 arab dollar hoe gayaa (486 arab baahat, oopar 26.6%). pramukh niryaat baajaron mein asiai, bhaarat, madhya poorv aur hangkang shamil they. thyland key ratna aur aabhushan sansthaan (jee. aaee. tii.) key anusaar udyog 700,000 seey adhik shramikon koo rojgar detaa haye.
oorjaa.
thyland kii 2004 kii oorjaa khapat kaa anuman 3.44 karod british taapiya ikaaiyon parr lagaaya gayaa thaa, joe kull vishva oorjaa khapat kaa lagbhag 0.7 pratishat haye. thyland tail aur praakritik gais kaa shuddh ayatak haye; haalaanki, sarkaar petroleum aur gasoline yojak methyl tritiyak butyle eather key ayaat koo cumm karane key liye ethanol koo badhaava dey rahee haye.
2005 mein thyland kii dainik tail khapat apane utpaadan seey adhik hoe gaee. thyland kii chaar tail refineries kii sanyukt kshamata haye. sarkaar dakshin-madhya chean kii seva karane vaale ack kshetriya tail-prasanskaran aur parivahan kendra parr vichaar curr rahee haye. 2004 mein, thyland kii praakritik gais kii khapat apane praakritik gais utpaadan seey adhik hoe gaee.
thyland kii 2004 kii anumaanit koyale kii khapat 3 karod 40 laakh laghu tunn key utpaadan seey 22 karod 1 laakh adhik thee. janwari 2007 taka, siddh tail bhandar kull aur siddh praakritik gais bhandar they. 2003 mein, punarpraapt karane yogya koyla bhandar kull 1,493 million short tunn thaa.
2005 mein thyland ney lagbhag 118 arab kilowatt ghante bijli kaa upayog kiya. 2006 mein khapat 4.7 pratishat badhkar 133 arab kilowatt hoe gaee. thyland (rashtriya bijli upayogita) key bijli utpaadan pradhikaran key anusaar, udyog aur vyaavsaayik kshetron kii tulanaa mein aavaasiya grahakon key liye adhik anukool daron key kaaran aavaasiya upayogkartaon dwara bijli kii khapat badh rahee haye. thyland kii vidyut upayogita aur petroleum companiyon (raajya-niyantrit bhee) kaa punargathan kiya jaa rhaa haye.
sevaayen.
2007 mein seva kshetra (jisamen paryatan, banking aur vitt shamil hain) ney jee. dee. pee. mein 44.7 pratishat kaa yogdan diyaa aur 37 pratishat karyabal koo rojgar diyaa. thyland kaa seva udyog pratispardhi haye, joe isake niryaat vikas mein yogdan detaa haye.
banking aur vitt.
thaai bainkon mein gair-nishpaadit parisampattiyon key khatarnak star ney mudra sattebaajon dwara baahat parr hamale koo trigger karane mein madad kii, jisake kaaran 2003 taka, gair-nishpaadit parisampattiyon mein aadhi (lagbhag 30 pratishat) katauti curr dee gaee thee.
laabhpradata kii or lautane key bavjood, thyland key baink avaastavik nuksan aur aparyaapt poonji key saath sangharsh karna jaari rakhate hain. sarkaar ack ekikrit vittiya niyaamak agency sahit sudhaaron parr vichaar curr rahee haye, joe baink off thyland koo maudrik neeti parr dhyaan kendrit karane mein saksham banaayegi. isake alawa, sarkaar vaanijyik, raajya aur videshi swaamitva vaale sansthanon key samekan key madhyam seey vittiya kshetra koo majboot karane kaa prayaas curr rahee haye. 2004 kii vittiya kshetra sudhaar master plan vilay aur adhigrahan mein sanlagn vittiya sansthanon koo curr chhoot pradaan karati haye. sudhaar karyakram koo baahari visheshagyon dwara safal maanaa gayaa haye. 2007 mein thyland mein teen raajya key swaamitva vaale vaanijyik baink, paanch raajya key swaamitva vaale vishesh baink, pandrah thaai vaanijyik baink aur satrah videshi baink they.
thyland key baink ney disambar 2006 mein desh mein videshi dhana key pravaah koo rokane kii maang kii, jisase 1997 key asiai vittiya sankat key baad seey thyland key stock exchange mein stock kii kimaton mein sabse badee ack divasiya girawat aaee. videshi niveshakon dwara bikri kii raashi 70.8 karod dollar seey adhik thee.
2019 mein, baink off thyland ney uchch gharelu rinn aur vittiya sthirata jokhimon kii chintaon key saath chauthi seedhi baithak key liye apani benchmark byaaj darr koo aparivartit rakhaa.
khudra.
khudra 60 laakh seey adhik thaai shramikon koo rojgar detaa haye. adhikansh chhote vyavsaayon dwara niyojit hain. badey bahurashtriya aur rashtriya khudra khilaadi (jaise tesco kamal, 7-eleven, siyam macro, bigg see, vilaa market, kendriya samooh aur maull samooh) 400,000 seey cumm shramikon koo rojgar dene kaa anuman haye. yeh khudra mein thyland key kull rojgar kaa saat pratishat seey bhee cumm haye.
paryatan.
2016 mein, paryatan rajaswa, 2.53 trillion baahat, thyland key jee. dee. pee. kaa 17.7 pratishat thaa, joe 2015 mein 16.7 pratishat thaa. 2017 mein 2.71 trillion baahat utpann honey kii ummeed haye. paryatan seey jee. dee. pee. yogdan key liye vaishvik ausat nau pratishat haye.
cryptocurrency
thyland key vitt mantralaya ney desh mein chaar licenses praapt dalalon aur cryptocurrency key vikretaon koo manjuri deeh bx, bitcub, sikke aur satang pro. desh ney abhee bhee aaee. see. oh. aiss. key liye viniyaman kaa vistaar naheen kiya haye, halanki isane 2018 key anta mein niyamon koo dheela karane kii ghoshana kii thee.
shram.
thyland kii shram shakti kaa anuman 36.8 laakh niyojit (kaam karane kii umr key 55.6 laakh vayaskon) seey 38.3 laakh (1 kyu2016) taka lagaaya gayaa haye. lagbhag 49 pratishat krishi mein, 37 pratishat seva kshetra mein aur 14 pratishat udyog mein kaaryarat they. 2005 mein shram bull mein mahilaaon kii hissedari 48 pratishat thee aur peshevar naukariyon mein unakaa hissa badh gayaa thaa. thyland kii berojgari darr 2014 taka 0.9 pratishat thee, joe 2004 mein dou pratishat thee. vishva baink key ack sarvekshan seey pataa chalaa kii thaai karyabal kaa 83.5 pratishat akushal haye.
gunavatta shikshan foundation (kyu. ell. aff.), dhurakiz pandit vishvavidyalaya (dee. pee. yuu.) aur vishva baink dwara kiye gaye ack sanyukt adhyayan seey pataa chalata haye kii agale 20 varshon mein 12 million thaai automation key kaaran apani naukari khou sakate hain, jisase karyabal mein ack tihai padon kaa safaya hoe sakata haye. vishva baink kaa anuman haye kii thaai shramik malay aur singapur key shramikon kii tulanaa mein kramshah dou gunaa aur paanch gunaa cumm utpaadak hain. report mein 2014 mein thaai shramikon key ausat utpaadan kaa aaklan kiya gayaa haye, jabaki malaysia key 50,000 americi dollar aur singapur key liye 122,000 americi dollar kii tulanaa mein 25,000 americi dollar (879,200 baahat). antarrashtriya shram karyalaya (aaee. ell. oh.) kii 2016 kii ack report kaa anuman haye kii 70 pratishat seey adhik thaai shramikon koo swachaalan dwara visthaapit honey kaa khatra haye. thyland mein karkhanon mein prati varsh 500 audyogik roboton koo jodane kaa anuman haye.
vitt varsh 2015 mein, 71,000 thaai videshon mein kaam karate they. taiwan ney kull milakar 59,220 vyaktiyon key saath sabse adhik thaai karmchaariyon koo niyukt kiya, isake baad dakshin koria ney 24,228, israel ney 23,479, singapur ney 20,000 aur yuu. aeye. ee. ney 14,000 logon koo niyukt kiya. adhikansh karmchari dhaatu utpaadan, krishi, kapada nirmaan aur electronic bhaag nirmaan kshetron mein kaam karate hain. 2020 taka, thaai pravaasi mazdoor videshon mein 140 arab baahat moolya kaa preshan utpann karate hain.
thyland mein pravaasi shramikon kii sankhya agyaat haye. shram mantralaya key tahat videshi shramik prashaasan key karyalaya dwara report kii gaee aadhikarik sankhya-cambodia, laos aur myanmar seey panjikrit pravaasi shramik sankhya-kewal kanuni pravaasi shramikon kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. kaee aur gair-panjikrit yaa avaidh pravaasi maane jaate hain. thyland vikas anusandhaan sansthaan (tii. dee. aar. aaee.) kaa anuman haye kii thyland mein kanuni shramikon kii tulanaa mein avaidh pravaasi shramik abhee bhee adhik hoe sakate hain.
videshi vyaapaar.
chean ney sanyukt raajya koo thyland key sabse badey niryaat bajar key roop mein badal diyaa haye, jabaki thyland abhee bhee apane dusare sabse badey aapurtikarta (japan key baad) key roop mein apani sthiti rakhta haye. jabaki thyland key paaramparik pramukh bajar uttari america, japan aur europe rahey hain, thyland key kshetriya vyaparik bhagidaron mein aarthik sudhaar ney thaai niryaat vikas mein madad kii haye.
2022 taka, chean thyland kaa sabse badaa vyaparik bhagidar haye, jiska vyaapaar 3.69 trillion baaht ($106 billion) haye, joe sabhi thaai videshi vyaapaar kaa lagbhag 20 pratishat haye. 2022 mein, chean thyland mein sabse badaa videshi niveshak bhee bunn gayaa, joe kull 77.4 arab baahat thaa, joe japan aur america seey adhik thaa.
vittiya sankat seey ubarane kaa bahut adhik nirbhar baaki asia aur sanyukt raajya america mein niryaat mein vriddhi parr thaa. 2005 key baad seey japani nirmaataon (vishesh roop seey toyota, nissan aur isuzu) seey automobile key niryaat mein vriddhi ney vyaapaar santulan mein sudhaar karane mein madad kii haye, taba seey salana duss laakh seey adhik kaaron kaa utpaadan hotaa haye. thyland duniya key sheersh duss vaahan-niryaatak deshon mein shamil hoe gayaa haye.
machinary aur purje, vaahan, ekikrit paripath, rasayan, kachcha tail, eendhan, loha aur ispat thyland key pramukh aayaton mein seey hain. ayaat mein vriddhi uchch takneek vaali vastuon aur vaahanon key utpaadan koo badhaava dene kii aavashyakta koo darshaati haye.
thyland vishva vyaapaar sangathan (doubleu. tii. oh.), krishi niryatakon key cairn samooh aur asiai mukt vyaapaar kshetra (aeye. aff. tii. aeye.) kaa sadasya haye aur isane mukt vyaapaar samjhauton kaa anusaran kiya haye. chean-thyland mukt vyaapaar samjhauta (aff. tii. aeye.) octuber 2003 mein shuru huaa. yeh samjhauta krishi utpaadon taka seemit thaa, 2010 taka hastakshar karane kii yojana key saath adhik vyaapak aff. tii. aeye. thyland kaa bhaarat key saath ack seemit mukt vyaapaar samjhauta (2003 seey) aur ack vyaapak australia-thyland mukt vyaapaar samjhauta haye, joe 1 janwari 2005 koo shuru huaa thaa.
thyland ney farwari 2004 mein japan key saath mukt vyaapaar vaarta shuru kii, aur sitambar 2005 mein ack saiddhaantik samjhaute parr sahamati bunny. america-thyland mukt vyaapaar samjhaute key liye baatchit chala rahee haye, jisamen navambar 2005 mein paanchven daur kii baithaken aayojit kii gaee hain.
1999 key videshi vyaapaar adhiniyam dwara kaee udyogon koo videshi nivesh taka seemit curr diyaa gayaa haye. inn udyogon mein media, krishi, bhoomi kaa vitaran, peshevar sevaaen, paryatan, hotal aur nirmaan shamil hain. inn gatividhiyon mein luggy companiyon kaa share swaamitva 49 pratishat alpansh hissedari taka seemit honah chaahiye. 1966 kii america-thyland mitrata aur aarthik sambandhon kii sandhi sanyukt raajya kii nagrikta vaale sharedharakon key liye inn pratibandhon kii chhoot pradaan karati haye.
bancock kshetra thyland key sabse samriddh hisson mein seey ack haye aur rashtriya arthavyavastha parr bahut adhik haavi haye, jisamen baanjh poorvottar sabse garib haye. lagaatar thaai sarkaaron kii chinta aur haal hii mein bedkhal kii gaee thaksin sarkaar kaa dhyaan kshetriya asamaantaon koo cumm karane parr rhaa haye joe bancock mein teji seey aarthik vikas aur vittiya sankat seey badh gaee hain.
halanki paryatan kshetron koo chhodkar desh key anya hisson mein bahut cumm aarthik nivesh pahunchata haye, sarkaar ney purvi samudra tata aur chiang maaee kshetra mein praantiya aarthik vikas koo protsaahit kiya haye. anya kshetriya vikas kii charcha key bavjood, yeye teen kshetra aur anya paryatan kshetra abhee bhee rashtriya arthavyavastha parr haavi hain.
halanki kuchh americi adhikaar dhaarak thaai pravartan adhikaariyon (shaahi thaai pulis aur shaahi thaai seema shulk sahit) key saath achche sahyog kii report karate hain, thyland 2012 mein prathamikta nigrani soochi mein banaa rhaa. sanyukt raajya america koo protsaahit kiya jaataa haye kii thyland kii sarkaar ney aaee. pee. aar. suraksha aur pravartan mein sudhaar key liye apani pratibaddhata kii pushti kii haye, lekin thyland koo soochi seey hataane key liye aur adhik kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
haalaanki arthavyavastha 1999 seey madhyam roop seey badhee haye, lekin bhavishya kaa pradarshan vittiya kshetra key nirantar sudhaar, corporate-rinn punargathan, videshi nivesh koo aakarshit karane aur niryaat badhaane parr nirbhar kartaa haye. nirantar aarthik vikas kii avadhi key dauran dursanchar, sadaken, bijli utpaadan aur bandargaahon parr dabaav badh rhaa haye. thyland engineeron aur kushal takniki karmiyon kii badhati kamee kaa saamana curr rhaa haye.
pramukh vyaapaar bhagidar.
nimnalikhit talika 2021 mein thyland key liye sabse badey vyaparik bhagidaron koo arabon americi dollar mein kull vyaapaar moolya seey darshaati haye.
kshetriya arthavyavasthaaen.
isaan.
isaan kii arthavyavastha mein krishi kaa prabhutva haye, halanki utpaadan kharaab haye aur vyaapaar aur seva kshetra kii keemat parr iss kshetra kaa mahatva cumm hoe rhaa haye. adhikansh aabaadi garib aur buri tarah seey shikshit haye. kaee mazdoor thyland key anya hisson yaa videshon mein kaam karane key liye garibi seey prerit hue hain.
halanki thyland kii aabaadi kaa lagbhag ack tihai aur isake kshetra kaa ack tihai hissa isaan kaa haye, lekin yeh kewal 8.9 pratishat jee. dee. pee. kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. 1990 key dashak key dauran isaki arthavyavastha mein 6.2 pratishat prati varsh kii darr seey vriddhi hui.
1995 mein, 28 pratishat aabaadi koo garibi rekha seey neeche key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki madhya thyland mein kewal 7 pratishat thee. 2000 mein, prati vyakti aaya 26,317 baahat thee, jabaki bancock mein yeh 208,434 thee. isaan key bheetar bhee graameen/shahari vibhajan haye. 1995 mein, thyland key sabhi duss sabse garib praant isaan mein they, jinamen seey sabse garib sisaket thaa. haalaanki, adhikansh dhana aur nivesh chaar pramukh shaharon khoraat, ubon, udon aur khon caine mein kendrit haye. inn chaar praanton mein kshetra kii aabaadi kaa 40 pratishat hissa haye.
vishesh aarthik kshetra (sez).
23 janwari 2015 koo apane television rashtriya sambodhan mein "logon koo khushi vaapas dein" karyakram mein, pradhaan mantri ney vishesh aarthik kshetron kii sthaapana parr sarkaar kii neeti koo sambodhit kiya.
unhone kahaa kii yeh neeti satat aadhar parr sampark aur kshetriya aarthik vikas koo badhaava degi. vartamaan mein thyland mein 10 sez hain, jinka vyaapaar aur nivesh lagbhag 800 arab baahat prati varsh haye.
2014 mein, sarkaar ney paanch praanton mein chhah vishesh aarthik kshetronh taka, mukdahan, saa keyo, sonkhala aur traat kii sthaapana key liye ack praayogik pariyojana shuru kii. dusare charan mein, joe 2016 mein shuru honey kii ummeed haye, anya paanch praanton mein saat vishesh aarthik kshetra sthaapit kiye jaaengeh chiang raay, kanchanaburi, nong khaai, nakhon fanum aur narathiwat.
2015 kii shuruat mein, sarkaar ney vishesh aarthik kshetron mein ack buniyaadi dhancha vikas yojana koo manjuri dee. 2015 mein, iss yojana mein 45 pariyojanaaen shamil hain, jinka bajat 2.6 arab baaht haye. 2016 mein 79 arab baaht kii anya pariyojanaon koo puuraa kiya jaayega. sarkari rajaswa, bonned bikri aur anya dhana key mishran parr bharosa karate hue, humm saat varshon mein nae railway, sadakon aur seema shulk chaukiyon parr seema paar vyaapaar maarg sthaapit karane key liye 83 arab dollar kharch karane kii yojana banaa rahey hain. chean aur bhaarat mein lagbhag 2.40 karod upbhoktaon koo asia key navintam aarthik samooh, asiai aarthik samudaay, jiska thyland ack sadasya haye, key saath jodane kaa vichaar haye.
sez key alochakon kaa maanana haye kii mukt vyaapaar samjhaute aur sez divangat raajaa bhumibol kii paryaptata arthavyavastha key siddhanton key saath asangat hain, sarkaar dwara sarkari aarthik aur samajik neetiyon key liye prerana honey kaa daavaa kiya gayaa haye.
chhaaya arthavyavastha.
"thyland kii chhaaya arthavyavastha vishva star parr uchchatam mein seey ack haye", "austriya mein lins key johannes capler vishvavidyalaya key ack arthashastri, friedrich snider key anusaar," "chhaaya mein chhipnaah bhoomigat arthavyavastha kaa vikas. unakaa anuman haye kii thyland kii chhaaya arthavyavastha 2014 mein vaastavik jee. dee. pee. kaa 40.9 pratishat thee, jisamen juaa aur chhote hathiyar shamil they, lekin badey paimaane parr drugs koo chhodkar. snider "chhaaya arthavyavastha" koo sabhi bajar-adharit arthvyavasthaon koo shamil karate hue paribhaashit kartaa haye.
nimnalikhit karanon seey jaanboojhkar saarvajanik adhikaariyon seey chhipi hui vastuon aur sevaaon kaa kanuni utpaadanah (1) aaya, moolya vardhit yaa anya karon key bhugtan seey bachane key liye, (2) samajik suraksha yogdan key bhugtan seey bachane key liye, (3) kuchh kanuni shram bajar manakon, jaise kii nyuntam majdoori, adhikatam kaary ghante, yaa suraksha manakon koo puuraa karane seey bachane key liye, aur (4) kuchh prashaasnik prakriyaon kaa paalan karane seey bachane key liye, jaise kii saankhyikiya prashnavali yaa anya prashaasnik prapatron koo puuraa karna. yeh vishisht bhoomigat, aarthik (shaastriya aparaadh) gatividhiyon seey naheen nipatata haye, joe sabhi avaidh kaary hain joe chori, dakaiti yaa nashili davaaon key vyaapaar jaise shaastriya apraadhon kii visheshtaon key anuroop hain. chhaaya arthavyavastha mein rinn sharking bhee shamil haye. anumaanon key anusaar, desh mein lagbhag 200,000 "anaupchaarik rinadaata" hain, jinamen seey kaee atyadhik byaaj darein lete hain, jisase cumm aaya vaale udharkartaon key liye aksar ack asahaniya bojh paida hotaa haye.

