
pakka samooh

makka samooh dakshini africa mein bhoovaigyaanik star key kaaru supergroup key mukhya upkhandon mein seey doosara haye. yeh mukhya roop seey kuchh khandon mein dwayaka samooh key baad anuroop roop seey anusaran kartaa haye, lekin kuchh ilaakon mein bahut purani tahakhaane kii chattanon parr asangat roop seey sthit haye. yeh sabhi gyaat bahirvaah aur exposure mein beaufort samooh key antargat aataa haye. stareekrit sthiti, shilaalekhiya sahsambandh, polynological vishleshan aur bhoovaigyaanik detting key anya sadhanon key aadhar parr, pakka samooh ayu mein praarambhik seey praarambhik madhya permian (aselian-rodian) key beach hotaa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
pakka samooh key jamaav key samay, kuchh apvaadon key saath, nikshepan vatavaran mukhya roop seey samudri thaa. pakka samudra vishal lekin uthala thaa, joe apane paschim/uttar-paschimi aur dakshini pahaluon mein sabse gahare mein kewal 500 meater taka pahunchata thaa, jahan kramshah tankwa aur langsberg deposenters sthit hain. samudri paryaavaran gahare pelogic, nichale bhandar mein pandubbi pankha pranaliyon seey laker joe lagaatar uttar-poorv kii or uthale samudri bhandaron taka shrenibaddh hotey hain, jisamen shelf (mahadvipiya) samudri aur seemant samudri pahalu shamil hain, aur anta mein yuva uttaradhikar mein samudra tata jamaa taka. koyla-vaahak nadee-nadee-delta aur peatbog setting bhee pakka samooh seey achchi tarah seey jaani jaati hain.
pakka samooh koo ack vishal poorvavarti agrabhumi besin mein jamaa kiya gayaa thaa. yeh agrabhumi pranali crustle utthaan (orogenesis) key kaaran hui thee joe pahale gondwanan plate key neeche palio-paisifik plate key subduction key kaaran shuru hoe gaee thee. isake parinamswarup gondwanide parvat shrinkhala kaa uday huaa jise gondwanide orogeny key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. badhate gondwanide parvat shrinkhala key kaaran honey vaalaa parvat-nirmaan aur kataav, kaaru besin parr kaary karane vaalaa praarambhik avakraman tantra thaa. flexural tectonics ney kaaru besin koo fordeep, forbalz aur backables flexural praanton mein vibhajit kiya. isake parinamswarup kaaru besin kaa jamaav huaa.
bhaugolik vistaar.
pakka samooh kii chattaanen sabse pahale apane paschimi bhandar mein aiss. doubleu. key paas dikhaai detee hain, aur poorv mein langsberg, prince albert, gensenville, grehmstowne aur port alfred key paas tata taka jaari rahati hain. madhya uttar mein bhandar britstowne key paas paae jaate hain, joe patrusville aur hoppettown key beach narangi nadee key saath bahate hain. charam poorvottar bhandaron mein johannesburg key poorv mein vrehyde, durban, pietermaritzburg aur port sent taka paae jaate hain. dakshin-poorv mein johnn.
stareekrit ikaaiyaan.
pakka samooh mein solah maanyata praapt bhoovaigyaanik sanrachanaaen shamil hain. inn vyaktigat sanrachanaon koo teen bhaugolik kshetron mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye, joe dakshini, paschimi/uttar-paschimi aur poorvottar pahaluon key uttaradhikar hain. dakshin africa key poorv mein pakka samooh key kaaran abhee taka key alag-alag mitty key patthar key anukramon key bhandar hain.
rajkumar albert, whitehill, collingham aur sabse oopari jall-stambh sanrachanaon key apavaad key saath joe dakshini aur paschimi/uttar-paschimi donon pahaluon mein paae jaate hain, pakka samooh kii bhoovaigyaanik sanrachanaaen kewal teen poorv mein ullikhit pahaluon mein seey ack mein paaee jaa sakati hain. aisaa isaliye haye kyonki inn pahaluon mein seey pratyek kii safalata alag-alag sanrakshit vatavaran kaa pratinidhitva karati haye jise unaki naidaanik bhoovaigyaanik visheshtaon mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. bhoovaigyaanik sanrachanaon key saath-saath chehare kii safaltaon kaa varnan neeche kiya gayaa haih
paschimi/uttar-paschimi pakka mukh
yeh pahalu uttaradhikar vishuddh roop seey samudri haye. chattanon mein ack poorna sankraman hotaa haye, joe besin-flore samudri jamaa seey laker channelised pandubbi dhalaan seey shelf, pro-delta aur samudra tata paryaavaran jamaa taka ack dusare mein kramik roop seey shrenibaddh hotaa haye. paschimi/uttar-paschimi pahaluon key bhandar tanka deposenter key bheetar aatey hain, joe samudri makka seey gyaat vishal pandubbi pankha pranaliyon mein seey ack haye. sambandhit sanrachanaaen neeche soochibaddh hain (sabse puraane seey laker sabse cumm umr key):
dakshini pakka mukh
yeh teen pahaluon kaa uttaradhikar sabse badaa haye. isaki sabse nichali sanrachanaaen gahari samudri hain jinamen besin flore pelogic talchhat aur pandubbi pankha pranaaliyan shamil hain joe samudri aur samudra tata vatavaran koo shelf karane key liye channelised pandubbi dhalanon mein oopar kii or shrenibaddh hoti hain. langsberg deposenter iss chehare key uttaradhikar mein paaya jaataa haye aur isamen nimnalikhit sanrachanaaen (sabse puraane seey laker sabse cumm umr taka) shamil hainh
poorvottar pakka mukh
poorvottar key pahalu apane sabse nichale aur sabse oopari khandon mein uthale samudri hain, aur phir apane kendriya bhandar mein koyla-vaahak nadee-delta peat daldal settings mein badal jaate hain. makka samooh key anya pahaluon key vipareet, uttari mukh aksar bahut purani tahakhaane kii chattanon parr aparivartaniya roop seey hotey hain. isamen teen bhoogarbhiya sanrachanaaen (sabse purani seey laker sabse chhoti) shamil hainh
sahsambandh.
makka samooh kii nichali bhoogarbhiya sanrachanaaen, vishesh roop seey safed pahaadi key gathan kii chattaanen, uttar-paschimi namibia key huab besin key saath yug mein sahsambaddh hain, aur namibia, botswana aur zimbabwe mein paae jaane vaale kalahari besin kii nichali sanrachanaaen. namibia mein khoriksas key chhote seey shahar key paas ack sthaaniya roop seey prasiddh rashtriya smaarak haye jise petrified vann kahaa jaataa haye. bhayabheet lakadi key tukadon koo kshetra mein laaya gayaa thaa aur maanaa jaataa haye kii inhen huab besin key paas key bhandar seey praapt kiya gayaa thaa.
videshon mein, pakka-ayu varg key bhandar brazil key parana besin aur brazil aur urugve donon key petolas besin seey gyaat hain, jahaan "mesosaurus" aur "glosopteris" key jeevaashm bhee baramad kiye gaye hain. anta mein, bhoogarbhiya detting ney sanyukt raajya key barnet shale aur marcellus gathan key saath sahsambaddh honey key liye nichali pakka sanrachanaon koo bhee saabit kiya haye.

