
thomas lucas (shikshak)

thomas maark lucas (see. 176418 maee 1838) andhe logon key ack british shikshak, andhe logon key liye shaahi landan samaaj key sansthaapak aur lucus sparsh varnamala pranali key vikaskarta they, joe andhe logon key liye padhane kii brail pranali kaa ack vikalp thaa.
praarambhik jeevan.
thomas maark lucas kaa janm 1764 key aspas bristol mein huaa thaa. unake praarambhik jeevan yaa parivaar key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye, sivaay isake kii unhein cumm umr mein apane pitaa seey ack pockett bible millie thee aur "way apane poore jeevan mein gahare dhaarmik vishvaas key vyakti baney rahey.
1800 key dashak kii shuruat taka, lucas casal street, bristol mein reh rhaa thaa, aur ack vyaapaari aur sankshipt naam key shikshak key roop mein kaaryarat thaa, ack sankshipt prateekaatmak lekhan vidhi joe lekhan kii gati aur sankshiptata koo badhaati haye. isi samay key aspas lucas koo andhe logon koo padhana sikhaane mein dilchaspi hui aur vaha jald hii saral sankshipt aksharon kaa upayog karane kaa samadhan laker aae jinhen mahsoos karane key saath-saath dekhaa bhee jaa sakata thaa.
lucas pranali.
1830-1832 key aspas, lucas ney apani tathaakathit lucas pranali (yaa lucas prakaar) vikasit kii, joe kii ubhare hue paath yaa sparsh varnamala pranali kaa ack roop haye jisamen manmaane dhang seey chune gaye prateekon key saath ack prakaar key "ashulipi sankshipt naam" kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye; kuchh stroke key anta mein ack bindu thaa aur anya mein naheen thaa.
vibhinn varnon key liye lucas pranali key sanket ruprekha mein saral dikhaai diye lekin vyavhaar mein bhramit hoe sakate hain kyonki kaee sthitiyon mein samaan sanketon kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa. natijatan, iska vyaapak roop seey upayog naheen kiya gayaa thaa. lucas pranali netrahinon key liye aavishkaar kii jaane vaali pahali sankshipt-soochi pranaliyon mein seey ack thee aur brail koo britten mein pesh kiye jaane seey pahale upayog mein thee.
1830 aur 1832 key beach, lucas ney puraane bajar kii sadak, bristol mein netraheen bachchon key liye ack chhota, muft school sthaapit kiya, jahan unhone netraheen bachchon koo sankshipt naam aur angreji vyaakaran sikhaaya. farwari 1836 mein, lucus sahit 16 pramukh bristolians ney blind key upayog key liye bible key adhikrit sanskaran koo ubhara aur prasaarit karane key liye bristol society kaa gathan kiya, taaki lucus pranali kaa upayog karke bible key ack hisse koo chhaapane key liye dhana pradaan kiya jaa sakey.
1837 mein, lucas ney "andhe logon koo britannic yaa saarvbhaumik varnamala key saath padhana sikhaane key liye nirdesh prakaashit kiye, aur unake paath aur see koo ubhara" taaki unaki pranali key prachaar aur vyaapak upayog mein sahaayata mill sakey, jise unhone "britannic yaa saarvbhaumik varnamala" key roop mein bhee sandarbhit kiya. lucas ney apani pranali koo badhaava dene key liye saarvajanik vyakhyan bhee diye jisamen unake andhe chhaatr apani padhane kii kshamata kaa pradarshan karenge.
lucas ney andhe logon koo "mahsoos karke" padhane key liye ack ekal, saarvbhaumik aur maankeekrit pranali sikhaane kii ichcha vyakt kii, lekin 1830 aur 1840 key dashak taka unake apane sahit kaee pranaaliyan upayog mein theen. apani pranali koo aur adhik prachaarit karane key liye, 1838 mein lucas ney apani pranali aur apane shishyon kii safaltaon koo pradarshit karane key liye bristol seey landan kii yatra kii. isake kaaran andhe logon koo padhana sikhaane key liye landan society kii neenv padee, baad mein andhe logon key liye royal landan society (aar. ell. aiss. bee.). yahaan, 31 chhatron koo leukas pranali kaa upayog karke padhane aur likhane kaa nirdesh praapt huaa. landan aaney key turant baad 18 maee 1838 koo lucas kii mrityu hoe gaee.
viraasat.
unaki mrityu key baad bhee lucas pranali kaa upayog jaari rhaa aur royal national institute off blind peepal sangrah mein lucas pranali pustakon key dou jeevit udaaharan hain, "dha gospel effidest too sent johnn" (1837) aur "dha moms last words" (1868). baad vaalaa lucas kii mrityu key baad prakaashit huaa thaa.
1838 aur 1860 key dashak key beach lucas pranali koo videshi bhaashaon aur sangeet key liye vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, aur lucas pranali mein dharmnirpeksh aur dhaarmik karyon koo poore britten aur british samrajya key saath-saath bhaarat aur chean mein vitarit kiya gayaa thaa. pramukh yuu. key. pustakalayon dwara aayojit lucas pranali mein lagbhag bees jeevit prakaashan dhaarmik granth yaa nirdesh hain kii lucas pranali koo kaise padhaaya jaae aur uska upayog kiya jaae. lucas pranali mein prakaashit antim pustakon mein seey ack "vibhinn vishayon parr pachas upakhyan" thee. tii mein. aim. lucus key ubhare hue ashulipi varna, "reverand jey dwara. doubleu. 1867 mein prakaashit, landan society mein andhe chhatron dwara andhe logon koo padhana sikhaane key liye ubhara gayaa aur ubhara gayaa. leukas pranali key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale ubhara huaa upkaran kaa ack durlabh-shayed ekmatra jeevit-udaaharan vigyaan sangrahalaya, landan dwara aayojit kiya gayaa haye.
1871 mein, leukas pranali abhee bhee netrahinon key liye saat sansthanon mein upayog mein thee, jabaki brail kaa upayog kewal chaar mein kiya jaataa thaa; yeh 1891 taka naheen thaa kii andhe logon key liye shaahi landan samaaj ney una samagriyon kaa utpaadan bund curr diyaa thaa joe leukas pranali kaa upayog karate they, halanki unhone 1861 mein pranali koo padhaana bund curr diyaa thaa. 1890 key dashak taka, brail pranali netrahinon key liye "mahsoos karke padhane" kaa maanak roop bunn gaee thee.

