
johnn gault

johnn gault ack americi udyami aur aavishkaarak they jinhone aachchhaadit daak tikat banaaya thaa. gault ney inn bund daak tikaton kaa upayog grih yuddh key dauran sikke kii kamee koo hull karane key saath-saath antatah unaki bikri seey laabh uthaane key saadhan key roop mein kiya. 
dhaki hui daak tikat.
1862 mein, guldasta aur americi aabaadi koo sikkon kii kamee kaa saamana karna padaa. sarkaar ney 17 julaai, 1862 koo ack kaanoon paarit karke iss samasya parr sabse pahale pratikriya vyakt kii, jisamen daak tikaton kaa upayog sarkaar koo rinn chukaane key liye kiya jaane kii anumati dee gaee, jaba taka kii way 5 dollar seey cumm they. daak tikaton koo poore america mein moolya key roop mein sweekaar kiya gayaa kyonki way daak key liye bhugtan karane key pramaan they. yeh upchaaraatmak kaanoon ack patali, kagji daak tikat kii najuk prakriti key kaaran kewal ack asthaayi samadhan thaa. lagaatar sambhaalane parr daak tikat aasaani seey faad diye jaate they aur kshatigrast hoe jaate they. gault ney usa varsh agast mein iss samasya kaa samadhan prastaavit kiya jaba unhone sanlagn daak tikat key apane vichaar kaa patent karaaya. unhone apane aavishkaar kaa vigyaapan sthaaniya samachar patron mein "naee dhaatu mudra" key roop mein kiya.unaki saralata saral thee aur unakaa aavishkaar sikkon kii parichit golata parr adharit thaa. jaisa kii isake naam seey pataa chalata haye, dhaki hui daak tikat mein ack daak tikat shamil thaa, joe peetal seey baney dou aavaranon key beach hotaa thaa. gault ney mool daak key dibbon kaa nirmaan chaandi seey kiya taaki way vaastavik sikkon seey adhik nikatata seey milate-julate houn. haalaanki, galati ney paaya kii chaandi seey dhake daak tikat unake liye nirmaan karane key liye bahut mahange they aur lagaatar sambhaalane key kaaran mamle ney jaldi seey apana chaandi kaa rung khou diyaa.
chaandi aur adhik samanya peetal donon sanskaranon mein, unhone saamane key aavaran mein ack chhed kaataa aur yeh tikat key chaaron or ack frame key roop mein kaam kartaa thaa. gault ney daak tikat aur peetal key saamane key aavaran key beach abhrak kii ack parat rakhee, jisase daak tikat kii akhandata koo banaae rakhate hue aavaran key madhyam seey daak tikat dikhaai dey sakata haye. antim utpaad key nirmaan key liye, gault ney ack button banaane vaali machine kaa upayog karke tukadon koo ack saath dabaaya aur antatah sikke key peechhe key hisse parr peetal key frame koo modd diyaa.adhikansh bund daak tikat 5 aur 10 sent key moolyavarg mein beche gaye they. haalaanki, gault ney anya sabhi yuu mein bhee apani mudra kaa utpaadan kiya. aiss. taba utpaadan mein daak moolyah 1,3,12,24,30 aur 90 sent. 1863 mein dakghar dwara usa moolyavarg koo jaari karane key baad kuchh 2 pratishat sanlagn daak tikaton kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa. 
laabh kaa uddeshya.
gault ack samajhdaar vyavasaayi thaa aur usane inn nae sikkon key karyanvayan seey laabh uthaane key dou tareeke dekhe.sabse pahale, gault ney apani mudra koo vyavsaayon aur dukaanon koo betch diyaa, jisamen sikkon kii uchch maang thee aur tikat key ankit moolya key 20 pratishat parr. unhein jald hii ehsas huaa kii mudra key nange aavaran ney jagah pradaan kii jiska upayog vigyaapan key liye kiya jaa sakata thaa. companiyon ney vigyaapan ichchhaon key vinirdeshon key liye ack anukoolit mamle key badale mein tikat kii laagat key oopar dou pratishat kaa bhugtan kiya. jey. gault key sabse badey vyaavsaayik bhagidaron mein seey ack they.see. mudra key nirmaan key praarambhik maheenon key dauran gault key vigyaapan sthaan kaa laabh uthaane vaale ayyar. cumm seey cumm tees companiyon ney unaki peetal kii mudra key samarthan parr vigyapanon parr muhar lagaa dee. gault ney lagbhag 50,000 dollar kii daak tikaton koo betch diyaa.
parisancharan.
gault kii "naee dhaatu mudra" kewal ack kshanik safalata thee. unaki mudra 1863 key madhya taka lagbhag ack varsh taka prasaarit rahee jaba sarkaar dwara jaari aanshik mudra sikke kii kamee koo cumm karane key liye kaafee lokpriya hoe gaee. kuchh aise kaarak they jinhone gault key aavishkaar koo kewal thode samay key liye panapane diyaa. mukhya karanon mein seey ack yeh thaa kii daak key liye aavashyak daak tikat upalabdh naheen they. bahut saare daak tikaton koo unake mukhya uddeshya seey modd diyaa jaa rhaa thaa aur mudra key roop mein iss bindu taka upayog kiya jaa rhaa thaa kii sikkon kii kamee key samadhan ney daak uddeshyon key liye daak tikaton kii kamee paida curr dee. doosara, sikke mahange they. bajar mein vaastav mein joe moolya thaa, usase adhik laagat seey sanlagn daak khareedane mein adhik laagat aatee haye. iss prakaar, sikke kii kamee key liye saste samadhan kii talash kii gaee. niji mudde key grihyuddh tokan maujood they aur aanshik mudra kaa karyanvayan golaa key nirmit dakghar key bahut lambe samay baad naheen aaya. anta mein, apane sikkon key peechhe vigyaapan sthaan khareedane key ichchuk companiyon key liye paryaapt maang kii kamee thee. maang kii iss anupasthiti ney unake liye bund daak kaa utpaadan karna mahanga banaa diyaa.
viraasat.
aaj key samay mein daak tikaton parr lagey daak tikat bahut durlabh hain. utpaadan dheema hoe gayaa kyonki ghaata vyavasaay koo khona shuru curr diyaa. logon ney ander rakhee gaee tikat kii keemat koo punah praapt karane aur banaae rakhane key liye gherabandi kii gaee tikaton koo faadana shuru curr diyaa. maanaa jaataa haye kii 750,000 tukadon mein seey kewal 5,000 bache hain joe 1862-1863 seey beche gaye they. taksal kii sthiti mein rakhe gaye gault dwara banaae gaye daak tikat 4000 dollar seey adhik mein bick sakate hain.

