
yaman ekikaran

yemeni ekikaran () 22 maee, 1990 koo huaa, jaba yaman key janvaadi loktaantrik ganarajya (jise dakshin yaman key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) kaa kshetra yaman arab ganarajya (jise uttar yaman key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) key saath ekjut thaa, jisase yaman ganarajya (jise kewal yaman key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) kaa gathan huaa.
prishthabhoomi (1918-1990).
navambar 1918 mein ottoman samrajya kii kamjori key sandarbh mein uttar yaman ack raajya bunn gayaa. dakshin yaman mein addon koo british bhaarat key hisse key roop mein prashaasit kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1937 mein yeh apane aap mein ack british upanivesh bunn gayaa. dakshin yaman kaa badaa hissa ack british sanrakshit raajya thaa, joe prabhaavi roop seey aupaniveshik niyantran mein thaa. sheet yuddh key kaee chhadm sanghrshon mein seey ack mein, dou rashtravadi dalon key netritva mein ack dakshin yemeni vidroh (soviyat sangh key samarthan aur samarthan key saath) ney vidroh kiya, jisase sanyukt raajya koo kshetra koo ekjut karna padaa aur 1967 mein apani poorv coloney seey hatna padaa.
uttar yaman grihyuddh key baad, uttar ney ack ganarajya sarkaar kii sthaapana kii jisamen adiwasi pratinidhi shamil they. isane faras kii khaadi key tail samriddh arab raajyon mein kaam karane vaale apane nagrikon seey mamuli tail rajaswa aur preshan kaa anand liya. 1980 key dashak mein isaki aabaadi dakshin yaman mein 3 million key vipareet 12 million anumaanit thee.
dakshin yaman kaa vikas ack jyaadaatar dharmnirpeksh samaaj key roop mein huaa, joe pahale rashtriya mukti morche dwara shaasit thaa, joe baad mein sattaaroodh yemeni samajwadi party mein parivartit hoe gayaa. madhya poorv mein ekmatra spasht saamyavaadi rashtra, dakshin yaman koo soviyat sangh seey mahatvapurna videshi sahaayata aur anya sahaayata millie.
octuber 1972 mein, uttar aur dakshin key beach ladaai shuru hui; uttar yaman kii aapoorti saudi arab dwara kii gaee thee, aur dakshin yaman kii aapoorti soviyat sangh dwara kii gaee thee. ladaai alpakaalik thee, aur sangharsh key kaaran 28 octuber, 1972 kaa carro samjhauta huaa, jisane donon deshon koo ekjut karane kii yojana taiyar kii.
farwari aur march 1979 mein phir seey ladaai shuru hoe gaee, jisamen dakshin yaman kathit taur parr rashtriya loktaantrik morche dwara uttar mein vidrohiyon koo sahaayata kii aapoorti karate hain aur seema paar karate hain. dakshini senaaon ney peechhe hatane seey pahale ise taaiz shahar taka banaa diyaa. phir seey, uttari yaman koo saamyvaad virodhi saudi arab aur taiwan dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa, saudi arab dwara aur 1979 seey 1990 taka shaahi saudi vayu senaa key naam parr gupt roop seey. yeh sangharsh bhee alpakaalik thaa.
1980 key dashak key anta mein, donon deshon key beach seema key paas tail kii khoj-uttar mein marib governor aur dakshin mein shabbah governor-ney vahaan sansadhanon kaa dohan karane aur donon deshon kii arthvyavasthaon koo oopar uthaane key liye samjhauton koo vikasit karane mein ruchi paida kii. maee 1988 mein, donon sarkaaren iss samajh parr aaeen kii shikaar tail company aur exon dwara apani anirdhaarit seema parr ack sanyukt tail anveshan kshetra sthaapit karane key liye ekikaran seey sambandhit charchaon koo navinikrit karane key samjhauton sahit tanaav koo kaafee cumm curr diyaa gayaa, jise abb sanyukt nivesh kshetra kahaa jaataa haye. usee maheene, unhone khanij aur tail sansadhanon (yasimore) mein nivesh key liye yemeni company kaa gathan kiya.
navambar 1989 mein, uttari yaman key allie abdullah saleh aur dakshin yaman key allie salem all bedah ney sanyukt roop seey 1981 mein taiyar kiye gaye ekataa samvidhaan key masaude koo sweekaar kiya, jisamen rashtriya pehchaan patra aur sanaa mein ack rajdhani shahar key ekmatra aadhar parr yamaniyon dwara ack asainyikrit seema aur seema maarg shamil thaa.
ekikaran.
yaman ganarajya koo 22 maee 1990 koo ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. uttar kaa allie abdullah saleh raajya kaa pramukh banaa, aur dakshin kaa allie saleem all-beed sarkaar kaa pramukh banaa. donon raajneetik aur aarthik pranaliyon key ekikaran koo puuraa karane key liye 30 maheene kii sankraman avadhi nirdhaarit kii gaee thee. ack rashtrapati parishad kaa chunaav 26 sadasyiya yaman arab ganarajya salaahkaar parishad aur 17 sadasyiya peepuls democratic republic off yaman presidium dwara sanyukt roop seey kiya gayaa thaa. rashtrapati parishad ney ack pradhaanmantri niyukt kiya, jisane ack mantrimandal kaa gathan kiya. 301 sadasyiya asthaayi ekikrit sansad bhee thee, jisamen uttar seey 159 sadasya, dakshin seey 111 sadasya aur parishad key adhyaksh dwara niyukt 31 swatantra sadasya shamil they.
maee 1990 mein ack ekataa samvidhaan parr sahamati bunny aur maee 1991 mein janata dwara isaki pushti kii gaee. isane swatantra chunaavon, ack bahudaliya raajneetik pranali, niji sampatti key adhikaar, kaanoon key tahat samaantaa aur buniyaadi manvadhikaron key sammaan key liye yaman kii pratibaddhata kii pushti kii. sansadiya chunaav 27 aprail, 1993 koo aayojit kiye gaye they. antarrashtriya samoohon ney chunaavon key sangathan mein sahaayata kii aur vaastavik matdan kaa avalokan kiya. parinamswarup sansad mein 143 samanya zana congress, 69 yemeni samajwadi party (vaaee. aiss. pee.), 63 islah (desh kii sabse badee islami party), 6 bathist, 3 nasserist unionwadi lock sangathan, 2 all huck aur 15 swatantra shamil they. naee sansad ney uttar kaa dridhata seey pratinidhitva kiya. vaaee. aiss. pee. ney, halanki cumm aabaadi vaale dakshin mein matdan mein sabse adhik seeten jeeti theen, lekin ise naee gathbandhan sarkaar kaa ack chhota hissa maanaa jaataa thaa. islam key pramukh, abdullah ibn hussain all-ahmar, sansad key adhyaksh baney. islah koo sattaaroodh gathbandhan mein aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa, aur ack islah sadasya koo shamil karane key liye rashtrapati parishad mein badalaav kiya gayaa thaa.
jaise hii dakshin mein hadramout praant mein ack nayaa tail kshetra online laaya gayaa, dakshini logon koo yeh mahsoos honey lagaa kii unaki bhoomi, joe desh key adhikansh tail bhandar kaa ghar haye, koo uttar yaman key shasakon dwara ack niyojit sajish key hisse key roop mein avaidh roop seey viniyojit kiya gayaa thaa.
anta mein, nae ekikrit rashtra koo raajneetik sankat kaa saamana karna padaa jaba khaadi yuddh mein gathbandhan balon kaa samarthan naheen karane key yaman key nirnay key baad saudi arab dwara anumaanit 800,000 yamaniyon aur videshi shramikon koo ghar bhej diyaa gayaa. arthavyavastha key ack mahatvapurna hisse, inn shramikon seey preshan koo cumm curr diyaa gayaa aur kaee yamaniyon koo sharanarthi shiviron mein rakhaa gayaa, jabaki sarkaar ney faisala kiya kii unhein kahaan rakhaa jaae aur unhein karyabal mein phir seey kaise ekikrit kiya jaae. inn yamaniyon key swadesh lautane seey desh kii aabaadi mein turant 7 pratishat kii vriddhi hui.
grih yuddh.
gathbandhan key bheetar sanghrshon key parinamswarup agast 1993 mein uparaashtrapati allie saleem all-beed kaa swa-nirvaasan addon mein shuru huaa aur samanya suraksha sthiti mein girawat aaee kyonki raajneetik pratidvandiyon ney bahut saare logon koo basaaya aur adiwasi tatvon ney asthir sthiti kaa laabh uthaaya. haider aboo bucker all-attas, poorv dakshini pradhaan mantri yaman key pradhaan mantri key roop mein seva karna jaari rakhaa, lekin raajneetik andaruni kalah key kaaran unaki sarkaar aprabhaavi thee. uttari aur dakshini netaaon key beach nirantar vaarta key parinamswarup 20 farwari, 1994 koo amman, jorden mein pratigya aur samjhaute key dastavej parr hastakshar kiye gaye. isake bavjood, maee 1994 kii shuruat mein grih yuddh shuru honey taka jhadapen tej hoe gaeen. mahatvapurna roop seey, una sansthanon mein seey ack joe abhee taka ekikrit naheen hue they, donon deshon key sainya hathiyar they.
dakshini netaaon ney 21 maee 1994 koo yaman (shushk) key loktaantrik ganarajya koo alag curr diyaa aur sthaapit kiya, lekin nae raajya koo antarrashtriya samudaay dwara maanyata naheen dee gaee thee. nirvaasit dakshin yaman netaa allie nasir muhammad ney algavvadiyon key khilaf sainya abhiyaanon mein sahaayata kii.
addon koo 7 julaai 1994 koo pakad liya gayaa thaa. anya pratirodh jaldi hii dhwast hoe gayaa aur hajaaron dakshini netaa aur senaa nirvaasan mein chully gaee.
grihyuddh key baad, yaman key bheetar yemeni samajwadi party key netaaon ney party kaa punargathan kiya aur julaai 1994 mein ack nayaa polit beuro chunaa. haalaanki, party nirash rahee aur apane poorv prabhaav key binaa rahee. islam ney sitambar 1994 mein ack party sammelan aayojit kiya. juuna 1995 mein samanya zana congress ney bhee aisaa hii kiya.
1994 mein, ekataa samvidhaan mein sanshodhanon ney rashtrapati parishad koo samaapt curr diyaa. rashtrapati allie abdullah selah koo 1 octuber 1994 koo sansad dwara 5 saal key karyakal key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. samvidhaan mein praavdhaan kiya gayaa haye kii abb seey rashtrapati koo vidhaayika dwara chune gaye cumm seey cumm dou ummidvaaron seey lokpriya vote seey chunaa jaanaa haye.
isake baad.
paschimi shally kii sarkari pranali koo apanaate hue, yaman ney sitambar 1999 mein apana pahala pratyaksh rashtrapati chunaav aayojit kiya, jisamen rashtrapati allie abdullah selah koo 5 saal key karyakal key liye chunaa gayaa, jise aam taur parr swatantra aur nishpaksh chunaav maanaa jaataa thaa. yaman ney aprail 1997 mein apana doosara bahudaliya sansadiya chunaav aayojit kiya. 2000 kii garmiyon mein apanaae gaye samvaidhaanik sanshodhanon ney rashtrapati kaa karyakal dou saal key liye badhaa diyaa, iss prakaar agale rashtrapati chunaav koo 2006 taka badhaa diyaa. sanshodhanon ney sansadiya karyakal koo bhee 6 saal key karyakal taka badhaa diyaa, iss prakaar inn seeton key liye chunaav 2003 taka chaley gaye. 20 farwari 2001 koo, ack nae samvaidhaanik sanshodhan ney ack dwisadaniya vidhaayika kaa nirmaan kiya jisamen ack shoora parishad (111 seeten; rashtrapati dwara niyukt sadasya) aur pratinidhiyon kaa ack sadan (301 seeten; lokpriya vote dwara chune gaye sadasya) shamil they. yaman abb aam janata kii congress key saath ack pramukh-party pranali haye.
gharshan aur pareshaaniyan jaari raheen, dakshin key tatva uttar dwara anuchit vyavhaar koo samajhate hain. isane dakshin yaman andolan naamak ack lokpriya andolan koo janm diyaa haye joe ack swatantra dakshini raajya kii vaapsee kaa ahwan kartaa haye. 2015 mein, iss baar saudi arab aur iran key beach chhadm yuddh mein ack pyaade key roop mein, yaman phir seey grih yuddh mein ghir gayaa thaa, joe aaj bhee jaari haye.