
chaand kii battery, shaahi topkhaane

chandrama kii battery britten key shaahi topkhaane kii khoj ikai thee joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad key charanon key dauran jamini sanchaalan key liye 'kritrim chandrama prakaash' pradaan karane mein visheshagyata rakhti thee, jise anyatha 'andolan prakaash' yaa 'monti kii chandrama prakaash' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
praarambhik upayog.
samudra.
nausenaaen 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein naee vikasit vidyut chaap deepak khoj battiyon (aiss/ls) koo apanaane vaali pahali sainya senaayen theen, taaki raat mein sambhaavit lakshyon koo rotion kiya jaa sakey. 1882 mein alekjendar kii bambari seey pahale, shaahi nausena bull ney yeh saabit karane key liye apani khoj roshni kaa upayog kiya kii ahmed urabi key sanic british ultimatum kii avahelana mein raat mein kilebandi koo majboot curr rahey they. isi tarah, raat mein yuddhpoton dwara ghuspaith seey bandargaahon kii raksha key liye bhee searchlight kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaah britten mein yeh bhoomika kille key engineeron aur shaahi engineeron (punah) key vidyut engineeron kii jimmedaari bunn gaee.
bhoomi.
dusare boer yuddh kii shuruat mein, curnell robbert badden-powell ney mafeking kii gherabandi key dauran apani lines parr raat key hamalon koo rokane key liye khoj kii roshni kaa upayog kiya. isake turant baad pramukh rooks crompton ney vidyut engineer swayamsevakon kii ack tukadi kaa netritva dakshin africa mein kiya, jahan unhone apane swayam key design key vidyut chaap deepak aiss/ls kaa sanchaalan kiya, joe abhiyaan parr iss tarah key upkaran kaa pahala upayog thaa. unhone baadlon seey khoj prakaash kiranon koo pratibimbit karke ack adim 'kritrim chandrama prakaash' pradaan kiya. pratham vishva yuddh mein khaai yuddh kii shuruat key baad, tyne electrical engineeron ney raat kii raksha mein sahaayata key liye aage key kshetron mein auxi-acetylene aiss/ls koo sanchaalit karane key liye tukadiyon koo pradaan kiya, lekin yeye ack viphalata saabit hui.
havaa.
pratham vishva yuddh mein raat mein zepelin aur bamvarshak vimaanon koo rotion karane key liye vimaan-rodhi (aa) raksha mein khoj prakaash key upayog kaa badey paimaane parr vistaar dekhaa gayaa taaki way aa bandookon aur ladaakoo vimaanon dwara lagey reh sakein. yeh vishva yuddhon key beach khoj kii roshni key liye pramukh sainya upayog bunn gayaa, aur 1930 key dashak mein germany key saath yuddh kii sthiti mein "luftwafe" bamvarshakon key khatare ney britten kii anshakaalik kshetriya senaa mein aas/ell ikaaiyon kii sankhya mein teji seey vistaar kiya. inhen aksar parivartit paidal senaa bataliyanon koo ree yaa aarae mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa thaa. way grate britten kii vayu raksha mein vimaan-rodhi kamaan kaa hissa they, lekin yuddh key prakop key baad kuchh ikaaiyon koo raksha bandargaahon, thikaanon, havaai kshetron aur anya mahatvapurna binduon mein niyamit senaa kii ikaaiyon kii chhoti sankhya key poorak key liye videshon mein bhee bheja gayaa thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
1940 key dauran senaa kii sabhi aas/ell ikaaiyon koo shaahi topkhaane mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unaki praathamik bhoomika dushman key vimaan koo aeye. aeye. bandookon yaa raat key ladaakon koo sanlagn karane key liye rotion karna thaa, halanki dostana vimaanon key liye dishaatmak beekan pradaan karna ack moolyavaan maadhyamik bhoomika thee. khoj ikaaiyon ney kabhi-kabhi chakachaundh karane vaale dushman pilots dwara safalata praapt kii, lekin chakachaundh vaale bairaj (jaise 'cardiff-newport chakachaundh kshetra') sthaapit karane key prayaas vishesh roop seey safal naheen hue. aiss/ls key liye anya upayog dheere-dheere ubhar rahey they.
alamen.
alamen kii ladaai key samay, aathvin senaa mein 27vein (landan electrical engineer) aiss/ell rgt key dou sanic they, joe kshetra aeye. aeye. suraksha key liye kamaan mein they, lekin inmein seey paanch roshni kaa upayog raat key hamale key dauran sainikon parr hamla karane mein sahaayata key liye kiya gayaa thaa. akash koo rotion karane kaa koee prayaas naheen kiya gayaa thaa (yuddh purnima kii roshni mein ladaa gayaa thaa, halanki yeh dhool seey bahut aspasht thaa).
sisili aur itali.
yuddh key maidan mein roshni kaa upayog sisili aur itali mein abhiyaanon mein aur gothik rekha sahit kiya gayaa thaa. iska upayog naa kewal paidal senaa key hamale key liye balki bhoobhaag kii katak prakriti key kaaran, vipareet dhalanon parr prakaash kii poori chamak mein german topkhaane koo pakadane key liye bhee yuddh key maidan koo rotion karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. kshetra kaa saavdhaanipoorvak punareekshan aur vyaktigat niyojan ney utkrisht parinam praapt kiye. pahale kanadai samooh key paas 422 vein aiss/ell battery thee jisane iss kaary koo safaltapurvak kiya.
normandy.
1944 kii garmiyon mein operation overlord aur normandy abhiyaan key samay taka "luftwafe" bahut kamjor hoe gayaa thaa, aur aeye. aeye. bandookon aur raat key ladaakon dwara radar kaa upayog vyaapak thaa, isaliye 21vein senaa samooh mein aiss/ell ikaaiyaan cumm kaaryarat theen. ee-nauka hamalon seey lunger koo bachaane key liye 474 veen aiss/ell battery seey kuchh roshni koo sahayak tata raksha bhoomika dee gaee thee. agast key anta taka, jaise hii 21veen senaa kaa samooh samudra tata seey baahar nikla, dushman key raat key havaai hamale durlabh they aur shaahi engineeron dwara chaubison ghante pull-nirmaan key liye 557 veen aiss/ell bee. tii. aaee. kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa; yeh jald hii aiss/ell ikaaiyon key liye ack niyamit kaary bunn gayaa. jaise-jaise france mein pragati ney gati pakadi, 41veen aur 42veen aiss/ell rgt kii naee battery ney yuddh key kaidiyon (paav) shiviron key liye suraksha prakaash pradaan kiya.
iss abhiyaan mein aiss/ell ikaaiyon key liye pramukh nayaa upayog raat key sanchaalan key samarthan mein 'kritrim chandrama prakaash' yaa 'andolan prakaash' (jise 21vein senaa samooh key commander, general surr bernard montgomeri key baad 'monti kii chandrama prakaash' key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) pradaan karane key liye cloudbases seey prakaash koo pratibimbit karna thaa. 344veen, 356veen aur 474veen swatantra aiss/ell baitariyon ney apani mobile 90 semi searchlight kaa upayog karke iss takneek kaa beedaa uthaaya. 9 julaai koo, 474 bti ney 43vein (wessex) division key liye aage key kshetra mein kritrim chandrama pradaan karane key liye chhah aiss/ell tukadiyon koo bheja, joe operation jupiter key liye apani shuruati sthiti mein jaa rhaa thaa. teen dinn baad, battery ney 53vein (velsh) vibhajan key liye prakriya koo dohraya.
takneek kaa upayog agali baar 14/15 julaai kii raat koo operation greenline key liye sainikon kii sabhaa mein sahaayata key liye kiya gayaa thaa, jaba 15vein (scotish) division key chalakon ney 'prakaash koo andhaa karane vaali dhool key madhyam seey bartan-chhidrit track taka apana raasta khojane mein ack badee madad paaee'. aiss/ell positions koo halke jawabi golabari aur mortar fayer aur nimn-stariya havaai hamale key adheen kiya gayaa, jisamen kuchh hataahat hue. haalaanki, agali raat ladaai key dauran, sainikon aur vaahanon key ack jaam stambh koo andolan kii roshni mein khatarnak roop seey siluted kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki kaheen aur dhuein key baadal ney ise mitaa diyaa thaa. phir bhee, taba seey aiss/ell baitariyon koo niyamit roop seey british aur kanadai sanrachanaon koo samarthan dene key liye andolan prakaash pradaan karane key liye tukadiyon koo bhejane key liye bulaaya jaataa thaa kyonki 21vein senaa samooh mein caine key liye ladaai ney iss navachar koo aage badhaaya thaa, joe itailiyan morche parr aathvin senaa dwara kiye gaye samaan prayogon seey bahut pahale huaa thaa.
7/8 agast koo, 344 vein aiss/ell bti ney caine key dakshin mein kanadai core key raat key hamale key liye prakaash pradaan kiya (operation kull); iss naee takneek mein anubhav praapt karane key liye nae aae 557 vein aiss/ell bti key adhikaariyon ney bhaag liya.
aage badhana.
21vein sainya samooh key apane normandy beachhead seey baahar nikalane key baad, 557vein aiss/ell bte leey haver mein gayaa, jahan usane 10/11 sitambar (operation astia) kii raat koo aaee corps dwara hamale key liye kritrim chandrama pradaan kiya. yahaan takneek vishesh roop seey khadanon mein antaral mein katauti key madhyam seey surakshit maarg sunishchit karane key liye moolyavaan saabit hui. isake baad battery shahar aur bandargaahon mein nirantar ladaai key liye prakaash pradaan karane key liye chully gaee.
octuber mein, 557 veen aiss/ell bti yojana (operation switchback) kii ladaai mein dwiteeya kanadai core mein shamil hoe gayaa, joe dakshin beveland parr hamale key liye 'moonlight' aur kanadai bandook lines key liye aeye. aeye. raksha pradaan kartaa haye. isake baad, yeh pull aur havaai kshetra key nirmaan key liye prakaash pradaan karane mein 344vein, 356vein aur 474vein bee. tii. aaee. mein shamil hoe gayaa, aur kabr, mook aur nizmegan mein pulon key liye ack raksha joe operation bajar udyaan key dauran kabja curr liya gayaa thaa. nizmegen mein dou mahatvapurna pull havaa seey aur visfotak charge key saath mendhakon seey niyamit hamale key adheen they, taaki khoj kii roshni koo nadee key saath-saath akash koo bhee jhaadana padaa.
4 navambar koo 356 aiss/ell bti key dall koo kritrim chandrama key saath apane pahale anubhav key liye 51vein (uchch bhoomi) prabhaag mein alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh afvatarinkanal aur nadee maas key paar honey aur usake baad pull banaane key liye thaa. doosari raat pull kii marammat key liye dall rook gayaa. ack kathin kadam key baad, kaee vaahanon key saath, 9 navambar koo nederweert mein 154 bee. dee. ee. taka ack raat kii chaal kaa samarthan karane mein 474 aiss/ell. bee. tii. aaee. mein shamil honey key liye sainya dall koo phir seey tainaat kiya gayaa, jisake dauran sainikon koo dushman kii golabari seey mamuli nuksan huaa. nahar aur nadee key pulon parr kuchh raaton taka prakaash pradaan karane key baad, XXX core ney operation clipper key hisse key roop mein geelenkirchen parr apane hamale mein 84vein us division kii sahaayata key liye see tukadi bheji. taiyari kii avadhi key dauran aiss/ls koo pratyek raat 'fox dha boche' key saamane alag-alag dishaaon mein 'stooze' beam key saath ujagar kiya jaataa thaa. 18 navambar koo hamla 04.00 parr huaa aur tukadi ney bachaav koo todane key liye flail tankon aur engineeron kii madad karane key liye 07.00 taka kritrim chandrama pradaan kiya. agali raat senaa ney 43vein (wessex) division kii sahaayata kii, joe geelenkirchen mukhya parr lagaatar hamalon mein sahaayata kartaa rhaa, aur jawabi havaai hamla kiya gayaa jisase koee nuksan naheen huaa. 20 navambar seey bhaari barish hui aur mitty aur khadanon mein upayukt sthaan khojana mushkil thaa. antatah ack yuva shivir sthal parr aur railway station parr sainya dall tainaat kiya gayaa. jaise hii 84vein division kaa operation tripsrath key kabje key saath jaari rhaa, roshni ney dushman kii golabari kii badhati matra koo aakarshit kiya, jisase mamuli hataahat aur nuksan huaa. 23 navambar koo kuchh samay key liye aiss/ls koo neeche fenk diyaa gayaa taaki stretcher dharakon koo ghayalon koo laane kii anumati dee jaa sakey. 24 navambar koo ack americi aiss/ell ikai kritrim chandrama kii takneek key baare mein jaankaari dene key liye pahunchi, aur agale dinn see tukadi 84vein us division seey ravaana hui aur niyamit andolan prakaash kartavyon koo phir seey shuru karane key liye 43vein (wessex) mein phir seey shamil hoe gaee.
prayog.
1945 kii shuruat mein, claver reachswald (operation veritable) mein agami hamale kii taiyari mein, belgium mein 31 veen (uttar madhya bhoomi) vimaan-rodhi brigade mukhyalaya ney kritrim chandrama kii takneekon koo anukoolit karane key liye prayog kiye taaki jamini sainikon kii raat kii aavaajaahi key liye prakaash pradaan kiya jaa sakey, taaki unake uddeshyon koo floodlight kiya jaa sakey aur rakshakon koo chamkaaya jaa sakey.
janwari 1945 key anta mein, pahali kanadai senaa kii kamaan key tahat 557 vein aiss/ell bti ney ack kanadai raam tank parr ack khoj prakaash lagaane key liye prayog shuru kiye, jisamen isake burj koo hataa diyaa gayaa, jisamen bijli key generator koo dusare tank mein leey jaaya gayaa. (aprachalit medhon kaa upayog burj rahit bakhtarband kaarmik vaahak key roop mein bhee kiya jaa rhaa thaa jise kangaru key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.) nizmegen mein sthit 557 aiss/ell bti key ack khand ney 15vein (scotish) division key samarthan mein farwari mein inn vaahanon kaa sanchaalan shuru kiya.
isamen shamil ikaaiyaan spasht roop seey nahar raksha roshni (cdl) key astitva seey anjaan theen, jise yuddh mein pahale raat mein ladane vaale tank bataliyanon koo dushman koo rotion karane aur chamakaane key liye susajjit karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. cdl mein ack shaktishali khoj prakaash shamil thaa joe ack matilda tank mein fitt kiya gayaa thaa, joe burj aur mukhya shastragar kii jagah letaa thaa. baad mein matilda cdl koo anudan tank cdl dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa, jisane apane praayojak mein 75 mimi mukhya bandook koo banaae rakhaa. inn hathiyaron koo bahut gopaniyata key tahat vikasit kiya gayaa thaa aur janwari 1942 taka ack poori tank brigade ney cdl parr prashikshan shuru curr diyaa thaa, baad mein 79vein bakhtarband division mein shamil hoe gaee, jisane operation overlord key liye sabhi vishesh kavach ikaaiyon key prashikshan koo kendrit curr diyaa thaa. anta mein kewal ack see. dee. ell. ikai, 49veen shaahi tank resiment, normandy mein gaee, aur yeh kull sanchaalan key liye bahut dair seey utari. resiment koo baad mein kangaru seey lais ack bakhtarband kaarmik vaahak resiment (49 aeye. pee. see. aar.) mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa aur cdl koo bhandar mein vaapas curr diyaa gayaa. 557veen battery key prayog jaari naheen rahey, aur see. dee. ell. koo raain (operation loot) key hamale key liye bhandaran seey baahar laaya gayaa.
germany.
jaba operation veritable 9 farwari, 356,474 aur 557 bee. tii. aaee. koo khola gayaa tou kramshah XXX core, viii core aur II kanadian core key liye 'moonlight' pradaan kiya gayaa. 557 veen bti kii chaar roshni vishesh roop seey steel towers parr sthaapit kii gaee thee. seagfried line (westwall) bankaron parr hamalon key liye, joe dee/dee + 1 kii raat koo hue they, claver reachswald kaa hissa floodlight thaa, aur kuchh aiss/ell position koo baadhaon koo rotion karate hue rakshakon koo chamakaane key iraade seey rakhaa gayaa thaa.
yuddh key dauran, 557 veen bti kii roshni koo sadakon koo rotion karane key liye bulaaya gayaa thaa taaki baadh key khatare mein ack kanadai brigade kii madad kii jaa sakey-nagrik raksha mein unake baad key shantikal key upayog koo purvanirdhaarit kiya jaa sakey.
satya mein unaki safalata key baad, gati prakaash pradaan karane vaali teen aiss/ell baitariyon koo aadhikarik taur parr 'moonlight' (aim/ell) baitariyon koo phir seey design kiya gayaa thaa, aur dou aur baitariyon (581 veen aur 582 veen) kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. pratyek koo ack senaa core koo saunpa gayaa thaa. 356veen moonlight battery ney XXX core key saath jaari rakhaa, jisake commander, ell. tii.-jaine bryan horox ney battery key kaam key liye isaki bahut sarahana kii thee. haalaanki, march key madhya mein, jaba battery raain crossing (operation loot) kii taiyari curr rahee thee, tou ise aeye. aeye. kartavyon parr lautane aur pahali kanadai senaa key tahat 107 aeye. aeye. bee. dee. ee. mein sthanantarit karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. poori battery, horox aur usake core commander shaahi topkhaane key saath, sthanantaran kaa virodh kiya, aur 356 veen meater/ell bti ney 'jaise kuchh bhee naheen huaa thaa' loot kii yojana banaana jaari rakhaa, jabaki radar key saath apani roshni koo phir seey chaalu karane kii savdhani barati.
maas nadee parr vibhinn aiss/ell vyavasthaon key pareekshan kiye gaye, aur raain key liye yojana taya kii gaee kii roshni key chaar taton key liye, ack vidhansabha kshetron key peechhe, unamen seey dou beach mein faile hue they, aur ack achchi tarah seey aage, nadee key paschimi tata key karib, prati core kull 33 aiss/ell projector. operation loot key liye samagri key aavashyak nirmaan mein raat mein bahut adhik aavaajaahi shamil thee, aur roshni kii tainaati mein dhokhe kii saaiten shamil theen. vaastavik hamale seey pahale kaee raaton key liye roshni kaa upayog 'germans koo unake upayog key liye abhyast' karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. hamale key paar karane key liye, 49 aeye. pee. see. aar. ney anudan cdl seey lais 'bee' swatantra squadron kaa gathan kiya, jisamen pratyek hamlawar core, xii aur XXX koo ack aadhaa squadron saunpa gayaa. 51vein (uchch bhoomi) division dwara reez parr hamale key dauran anudan donon ney paar koo rotion kiya aur dushman koo apani 75 mimi bandookon key saath door key tata parr lagaa diyaa. roshni itani teevra thee kii 'bhains' ubhayachar vaahanon mein paar karane vaale kaee sainikon ney mahsoos kiya kii way paani key khilaf khatarnak roop seey siluted they.
raain koo paar karane key baad, 21vein senaa samooh koo dou aur aakramankari nadee paar karane koo nishpaadit karna padaa kyonki yeh germany key paar aage badhaah vesar, jahaan 581 veen meater/ell bti samarthit xii core, aur elbe (operation entreprise), 581 veen meater/ell bti key samarthan mein viii core.
15vein (scotish) division key elbe crossing key anubhav kaa varnan iss prakaar kiya gayaa thaah
way dinn key baad chandrama kii battery ney germany mein vibhinn vyavasaay kartavyon koo anjam diyaa jaba taka kii unakaa demobilisation kaa daur naheen aaa gayaa. aksar isamen mahatvapurna nadiyon parr suraksha prakaash vyavastha aur daldali shivir shamil hotey they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein chandrama kii battery kii soochi.
europe mein yuddh key anta taka, 21vein senaa samooh mein paanch swatantra moonlight battery kaam curr rahee theenh
isake alawa nimnalikhit swatantra aas/ell bti bhee padnam mein parivartan key binaa, avsaron parr aim/ell bhoomika mein sanchaalit hotaa haih
yuddh key baad.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran bunny antim aar. aeye. aiss./ell. battery, 1 aprail 1945 koo 571 (swatantra) aiss./ell. bee. tii. aaee. koo 1 aprail 1947 koo niyamit senaa mein 339 movement light bee. tii. aaee. koo phir seey design kiya gayaa thaa. ise 14 octuber 1948 koo ghataakar 4 movement light troop curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 1 farwari 1949 koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
jaba 1947 mein kshetriya senaa kaa punargathan kiya gayaa thaa, tou isamen kaee halki gati vaali battery shamil theenh
farwari 1953 mein purvi tata kii baadh key dauran, 529 laa/aiss. ell. aar. jee. tii. kii kyu ('quebeck') battery, joe louth mein tainaat thee, ney nagrikon koo samudra seey nikaalane key liye apane bandook seey chalane vaale vaahanon koo tainaat kiya. isake baad isane apane aiss/ls key saath kritrim chandrama kii takneek kaa upayog kiya taaki kshatigrast samudri raksha kii marammat key liye chaubison ghante kaam kiya jaa sakey, uttar aur madhya bhoomi mein tiye ikaaiyon seey atirikt roshni mein coll kiya jaa sakey. yeh pratibaddhata chhah saptah taka chully.
1955 mein sangathanaatmak parivartan hue, jaba 871 veen bti koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin ack naee battery kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaah
856vein aur 858vein meater/ell bti koo 1956 mein aarae seey ree mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen 858vein koo 108 feeled engineer rgt mein vilay curr diyaa gayaa thaa. antim aar. aeye. aim./ell. baitariyon koo bhee 1961 mein punah parivartit kiya gayaa thaa, joe kramshah 863vaan (linken county) swatantra andolan prakaash squadron aur 873vaan (madhya) andolan prakaash squadron bunn gayaa.
1962 mein aim2 motorway key liye medway pulon key nirmaan key dauran 873 aim. vee. tii. squiren ney prakaash pradaan kiya, lekin 1966 mein eberfan aapada key baad bachaav prayason koo prakaash dene key liye isaki peshkash koo aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. jaba 1967 mein taa koo chhote tawar mein parivartit kiya gayaa thaa, tou 873 varg kilometres koo battery aich. kyu. aur ack tukadi mein cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa-naa kewal british senaa mein balki poore naato mein ekmatra samarpit khoj ikai shesh thee. antatah 1999 mein ise bhang curr diyaa gayaa.