
johnn asterhazi

count janos azterhazi (; shayed hii kabhi; 14 march, 1901-8 march, 1957) antar-yuddh chekoslovakia mein aur baad mein pahale slovak ganarajya mein hangerian jaatiyata key ack pramukh rajneta they. vaha chekoslovak sansad aur slovak vidhansabha key sadasya they. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, unhein avaidh roop seey soviyat sangh mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa, ack show trial mein jhoothe aaropon mein sajaa sunai gaee, aur jail mein daal diyaa gayaa. iss beach unhein raajya key saath uchch rajdroh, dushman key saath sahyog, chekoslovakia key tootane aur slovak vidhansabha key upa key roop mein ack virodhi-loktaantrik shasson mein unaki bhagidari key aaropon mein bratislava mein rashtriya adalat dwara anupasthiti mein maut kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. soviyat sangh seey chekoslovakia lautane key baad, rashtrapati kii kshama key parinamswarup sajaa koo nishpaadit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. 1957 mein jail mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
hangerian yahudi samudaayon key sangh ney unhein dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran yahoodiyon koo bachaane key liye ack naayak key roop mein varnit kiya haye. doosari or, slovakia mein yahudi samudaayon key sangh ney saarvajanik roop seey janos esterazi kii aalochana kii haye aur unhein "loktaantrik, faasivaad virodhi yoddha aur yahoodiyon key nidder uddhaarak" key roop mein prastut karane key prayason koo khariz curr diyaa haye.
parivaar.
antle mihali asterhazi key bete, unakaa janm hangri key sabse pratishthit kuleen parivaaron mein seey ack, asterhazi key ghar mein huaa thaa, joe kii galanta shakha mein transylvania seey utpann huaa thaa. unaki maan, professor stanislav tarnovsky kii betty countess elbita tarnovska, polish theen. jaba unake pitaa kii mrityu hui taba way chaar varsh key they. way budapest mein maadhyamik vidyalaya gaye aur vanijya kaa adhyayan karane key baad way hangri key ack kshetra mein apani sampatti mein laut aae, jise pratham vishva yuddh key baad trianon kii sandhi ney chekoslovakia koo saunp diyaa thaa. 15 octuber, 1924 koo unhone countess livia serni seey shaadi kii. unake dou bachche they, genos aur ellis.
raajneetik jeevan.
chekoslovak ganarajya.
gharelu neeti.
janos asterhazi kii raajneetik neeti pahale isai-rashtravadi vichaaron parr adharit thee, joe baad mein una logon key saath unake sambandhon seey prabhaavit hui joe adhik vikasit udaar padon parr they. 1920 key dashak mein, vaha praantiya isai-samajwadi party (orzagos kereztenisozocialist part; oxp) key sadasya bunn gaye. 1931 mein, vaha chekoslovak ganarajya mein "hangerian leag off nations leag" key netaa baney, ack sangathan joe rashtron kii leag key bheetar sanchaalit hotaa thaa. 11 disambar, 1932 koo way oh. key. aiss. pee. key adhyaksh baney. unhone 1935 key chunaavon mein kois mein sansad kaa janadesh jeetaa aur 1938 taka chekoslovak sansad mein usa nirvaachan kshetra key liye ack upa they. sansad mein apane pahale bhaashan mein, unhone kahaah "jaisa kii humm apani ichcha key khilaf chekoslovakia seey judey hue hain, humm maang karate hain kii chekoslovak sarkaar hamaare alpasankhyak, bhasha, saanskritik aur aarthik adhikaaron kaa poori tarah seey sammaan karey."donon hangerian vipakshi dalon (praantiya isai-samajwadi party aur hangerian rashtriya party) kii neeti raajneetik roop seey prabhaavit thee aur buddepest seey nirdeshit thee. asterhazi key raajneetik vichaar samkaaleen aparivartaniyata aur tribhuj seemaon kii poorv sandhi mein hangri koo bahaal karane kii aakaankshaon seey prabhaavit they.
asterhazi ney budapest mein yaatraon key madhyam seey, praag mein hangri dutawas key madhyam seey rajanyik chainalon key madhyam seey aur bratislava mein hangri vanijya dutawas key madhyam seey hangri sarkaar key saath ghanishth sampark banaae rakhaa. iss sampark mein hangri sarkaar key liye likhit report shamil thee jisake liye unhone "tamas", "maityas" aur sankhya 221 jaise chhadm naamon kaa upayog kiya thaa. inn reports mein naa kewal jaatiya alpasankhyak neeti key mudde shamil they, balki aantarik raajneetik sthitiyon, avadhaaranaon aur slovakia koo kamjor karane kii ranneetiyon aur chekoslovakia key khilaf anya deshon kii rajneeti key baare mein bhee jaankaari thee. 1933 seey, hangri ney naazi germany key saath chekoslovakia key khilaf samanvit kaarravaai kii. juuna 1933 mein, hangri key pradhaan mantri gyula gombus ney germany kaa daura kiya aur adolph hitler key saath milkar nishkarsh nikala kii chekoslovakia kendriya europe key "punargathan" key liye mukhya baadha thee; kii chekoslovak ganarajya koo aantarik roop seey dhwast kiya jaanaa chaahiye, antarrashtriya star parr alag-thalag kiya jaanaa chaahiye, aur phir sainya shakti dwara samaapt curr diyaa jaanaa chaahiye. hangri ney naa kewal seemaon mein parivartan kaa anurodh kiya, balki "aitihaasik siddhant parr nyaay" kaa bhee anurodh kiya. agast 1936 mein, miklos horty ney adolph hitler key saath baatchit kii aur ise "europe key dill seey cancer tumour koo hataane" key liye chekoslovakia key khilaf ack samanya hamale kaa vichaar saamane aaya.
hangri ney ack slovak swaayatt andolan key vichaar kaa samarthan kiya jise raajya koo kamjor karane aur chekoslovakia key sambhaavit vighatan koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye ack upkaran key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. lagaatar hangri kii sarkaaron ney swaayattaavaadiyon koo prabhaavit karane aur unhein hangri samarthak punarnirdharan key liye jeetane kii koshish kii, lekin isamen way lambe samay taka safal naheen rahey. asterhazi ney slovak swaayatta key vichaar kaa bhee samarthan kiya aur hangri sarkaar aur slovak peepuls party (hsls) key beach madhyasth kii bhoomika nibhai. 1935 key chunaavon seey pahale, unhone aich. aiss. ell. aiss. key saath ack swaayatt block banaane kii koshish kii. hangri sarkaar ney iss uddeshya key liye unhein 100,000 mukut pradaan karane kaa irada rakhaa, lekin ghatana mein antim samay mein aisaa karane mein whiffle rahee. baad mein, united hangerian party key karyakari adhyaksh key roop mein unhone aich. aiss. ell. aiss. key pramukh raajnetaon koo vittiya protsaahan dene key liye vittiya sahaayata maangi. 1938 key vasant mein aich. aiss. ell. aiss. key saath baatchit key baad unhone hangri sarkaar koo ack report mein apane lakshyon koo "anya logon kii madad seey (ganarajya) koo todane key liye hangri key logon key daayitva" key roop mein varnit kiya.
1935 mein, hangerian aim. pee. aiss. ney chekoslovak ganarajya key rashtrapati key karyalaya key liye edward beney kii safal bolly kaa samarthan kiya. edward beney ney hangri key alpsankhyakon koo riyayat dene kaa vaadaa kiya. unhone hangerian chhatron kaa samarthan karane aur "hangerian ashobhaniyata key khilaf" rashtrapati key karyalaya seey dhana sweekaar kiya. rashtrapati key karyalaya ney ise chaar kishton mein bhugtan kiya; kull raashi 144,000 mukut. yeh oh. key. aiss. pee. key bheetar ack yuva peedhi kaa paksh praapt karane key unake prayaas kaa ack hissa thaa. 1936 mein, benez ney sarkaar key saath raajneetik sahyog kaa prastaav rakhaa aur unhein binaa portfolio key ack sarkari mantri key roop mein ack pada kii peshkash kii, lekin esteraaz ney sweekaar naheen kiya.
hangri sarkaar kii or seey aagrah karane key baad hangri key vipakshi dalon ney ekjut hocker 21 juuna, 1936 koo noway zamki mein aayojit apani congress mein united hangri party (agyasult maigyar part; emp) kii sthaapana kii. iss naee party kaa netritva andor jarros (baad mein hangri mein ack aaparaadhik key roop mein nishpaadit) ney kiya aur asterzi karyakari netaa bunn gaye. dalon key ekikaran koo sakaratmak roop seey naheen maanaa gayaa thaa, 
haalaanki, sabhi sadasyon aur asterhazi ney hangri sarkaar seey "adesh key ullanghan karane vaalon koo nirastra karane" key liye 15,000 mukut daan karane key liye kahaa. 1945 mein pulis poochtaachh key dauran, unhone hangri sarkaar seey praapt vaarshik samarthan kii matra koo salana 2,500,000 mukut key roop mein nirdhaarit kiya. iss tarah key dhana key aavantan kaa nirnay swayam kiya gayaa thaa.
naee party key karyakram mein slovakia kii swaayatta parr jore diyaa gayaa. 1936 mein, sanyukt hangerian party key pratinidhiyon ney sudetten german party (sudetendesh partei, aiss. dee. pee.) key saath sanlayan parr vichaar kiya. jaisa kii berlin mein german sarkaar key halakon key saath hangri key videsh mamalon key mantri kalman kanya dwara baatchit kii gaee thee. 15 aprail, 1937 koo donon pakshon key beach sahyog parr sahamati bunny. 30 navambar, 1937 koo, asterhazi aur jaros koo slovakia mein german alpasankhyak key muddon key baare mein sdp key saath baatchit karane key liye saunpa gayaa thaa.
1937 kii garmiyon mein, asterhazi ney chekoslovak senaa seey sambandhit khufiya jaankaari kaa khulasa kiya aur hangri sarkaar koo sainya kilon key nirmaan aur sambandhit bajat key baare mein soochit kiya. usee varsh sharad ritu mein unhone lusenak aur ipe nadee key paas raksha pariyojanaon parr ack report likhi.
1938 mein naee party koo jaatiya hungarians dwara daale gaye maton kaa bahumat praapt huaa. abb vaha samay thaa jaba party ney inn jaatiya hangri kshetron koo hangri key raajya mein shamil karane key liye apane ghoshit anurodh koo spasht curr diyaa thaa.
mahatvapurna varsh 1938.
1938 mein, asterhazi ney raajyon kii rajdhaniyon mein kaee vaartaon mein bhaag liya, joe mukhya roop seey chekoslovakia (berlin, budapest, warszawa, rome) key kamjor honey aur antim unmoolan parr nirdhaarit thee, jahan unhone hangerian sarkaar key liye ack ardh-aadhikarik madhyasth key roop mein kaam kiya. maee 1938 mein hitler kii itali yatra key dauran, unhein vishesh roop seey furer key saath ack antarang dopahar key bhojan key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. maee 1938 mein, unhone hangri sarkaar koo chekoslovakia key sambandh mein naazi kii yojanaon key baare mein soochit kiya, joe jaankaari unhone sudeton german party key netaa, konrad henlen seey praapt kii thee. unaki report key anusaar check bhoomi parr germany kaa kabja hoga aur slovakia koo phir seey hangri mein jodaa jaanaa chaahiye. doosari or, unhone (sansad key sadasya key roop mein jinhone sansadiya shapath lii thee) chekoslovak adhikaariyon koo soochit naheen kiya.
juuna 1938 mein, unhone kuchh polish pratinidhiyon key saath baatchit kii aur unhein slovak prashn (hangri dwara slovakia kaa vilay) key hangerian samadhan koo apanaane key liye swaayatt andolan key slovak raajnetaon key saath apane prabhaav kaa upayog karane key liye kahaa. asterhazi koo pataa thaa kii pichhali hangerian neeti key kaaran slovakia mein yeh vichaar behad alokpriya haye. polland ack slavic aur catholic raajya key roop mein aich. aiss. ell. aiss. key pro-polish wing key saath sanchaar key dauran referee kii sahayak bhoomika nibha sakata haye. slovakia koo usee tarah kaa darja milna thaa jaisa croatia koo austriya-hangri mein milaa thaa. iss prastaav ney hangri sarkaar key aadhikarik ravaiye kii tulanaa mein apane swayam key vichaaron koo adhik prastut kiya. polland, joe chekoslovakia key tootane mein bhee ruchi rakhta thaa, guaranti dene key liye taiyar thaa, lekin hangri sarkaar ney prateeksha sthiti banaae rakhane kaa faisala kiya aur polland dwara apekshit pahale kadmon koo shuru naheen kiya. isake alawa, iss tarah key vichaar koo slovak pro-polish wing key netaa dwara sakhti seey khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jinhone ghoshana keeh "humm hangerian parr bharosa naheen karate hain aur unake paas vaapsee key baare mein ack bhee shabd naheen hoe sakata haye. yeh bayaan polish aur slovak press donon mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. asterhazi kii avadharana key anusaar slovakia koo apane kshetriya vibhajan key baad hangri key bheetar swaayatta praapt karni thee. carpathian ruthenia key kabje key baad purvi seema koo paschim mein samaayojit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, jitna sambhav hoe utanaa badaa, aur dakshini bhaag alag hoe jaanaa chaahiye.
unhein chekoslovak sarkaar key saath baatchit koo baadhit karane key liye sudeton germans kii yojana key baare mein soochit kiya gayaa thaa. unhone hangri sarkaar key saath iss sthiti parr charcha kii aur aise karyakram parr kaam karane key nirdesh praapt kiye jinhen puuraa naheen kiya jaa sakaa. sudeton germans key vipareet, unhone anaavashyak raktapaat koo rokane key liye atyadhik kattarpanth seey incar curr diyaa. 1938 mein way british mission key pramukh, lord runseyman seey kaee baar mille aur jinake liye unhone chekoslovakia mein hungarians kii sthiti parr ack gyaapan taiyar kiya.
asterhazi ney munich samjhaute kaa swaagat kiya aur aich. aiss. ell. aiss., jey. key ack hangerian samarthak upa key saath milkar. vaastav mein, vaha turant slovakia aur hangri key phir seey judane key liye jameen taiyar karane key liye budapest kii yatra kii. vaha comarno mein donon deshon kii seemaon key baare mein baatchit mein bhee bhaag lena chaahte they, lekin chekoslovakian pratinidhimandal key pramukh, jozef tisso ney unake anurodh koo aswikar curr diyaa. comarno mein kaee slovak prastaavon (slovakia mein hungarians key liye swaayatta, mahaan raaee dweep kaa samarpan, donon deshon mein santulit alpasankhyak) key dauran hangri ney kaee slovak prastaavon koo aswikar curr diyaa, jisake dauran comarno mein dwipakshiya vaarta kii viphalata key baad, asterizi ney pahale vienna puraskar (vartamaan mein antarrashtriya hinsa key ack kaary key roop mein shoonya aur shoonya) kii taiyari mein bhaag liya. madhyasthata naazi germany aur fasiwadi itali key netritva mein kii gaee thee; hangri sarkaar dwara slovak-hangri seema parr ack visheshagya key roop mein taiyari charan key dauran asterhazi koo rome bheja gayaa thaa. iss kshamata mein unhone hangri dwara kois key vilay mein yogdan diyaa. italvi sarkaar koo hangri key videsh mantri dwara seedhe unaki bhagidari key baare mein soochit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone hangri aur anya sambhaavit pratibhagiyon kii kshetriya maangon key baare mein bhee nirdesh diye they.
11 navambar, 1938 koo, kosis (taba kaasa) key saansad key roop mein unhone hangerian regent miklos horty kaa swaagat kiya. apane bhaashan mein, unhone kabja kiye gaye kshetra mein slovakon key liye vahee adhikaar maange, joe slovakia mein hungarians key liye apekshit they. admiral horty ney slovakon kaa unaki "hazaar saal purani matribhoomi" mein swaagat kiya aur unake rashtriya aur saanskritik adhikaaron kaa sammaan karane kaa vaadaa kiya. donon raajnetaon key bhashanon key vipareet, hangri ney turant kabja kiye gaye kshetra mein gair-hangerian aabaadi kaa utpeedan shuru curr diyaa. loktaantrik chekoslovakia key tahat alpasankhyak adhikaaron koo maanak seey neeche curr diyaa gayaa thaa; pichhale varshon mein asterhazi dwara aparyaapt key roop mein aalochana kiye gaye adhikaaron kii. asterhazi kii sampatti slovakia key gair-sanlagn hisse parr bunny rahee. apane shabdon key anusaar vaha jaatiya hungarians key hiton kii raksha key liye vahaan rahey. jaatiya siddhant key ullanghan key kaaran, jiss parr pahale hangri dwara "trion key anyaay key sudhaar" key roop mein jore diyaa gayaa thaa, hangri alpasankhyak kaa aakar lagbhag 67,000 logon taka sikud gayaa.
asterhazi koo hangri raajya key adhikaariyon key kabje vaale kshetra mein vyavhaar seey ashcharya huaa-joe unake apane raajneetik siddhanton key bahut vipareet thaa. unhone hangri key raajya mein slovakon kii swaichhik vaapsee praapt karane kii koshish kii, lekin slovak janata ney hangri mein slovakon key utpeedan key prati bahut samvedansheel pratikriya vyakt kii. unakaa maanana thaa kii iss rookhe-rookhe roop mein aatmasaat karane seey unaki bhookh mein vaapsee bahut adhik kathin hoe gaee. kabje vaale gaanv mein ack raktapaat key baad unhone budapest mein hastakshep kiya aur dridhata seey ghoshana kii kii iss tarah kii krurta ney hangerian kaaran koo kshatigrast curr diyaa aur slovakia mein unaki aur hangerian sthiti koo asamarthaniya banaa diyaa. haalaanki, unhone saarvajanik roop seey hangerian neeti seey khud koo door karane seey incar curr diyaa, iss darr seey kii iss tarah kii kaarravaai hangri key hiton koo nuksan pahuncha sakati haye. isi tarah key karanon seey unhone pahale vienna puraskar seey pahale comarno mein vaarta kii aalochana kii. unake drishtikon key anusaar, atyadhik kshetriya maangon ney hangri koo kshatigrast curr diyaa kyonki unhone hangerian punarnirdharan kaa manoranjan karane key liye slovakon koo ack majboot vighatan pradaan kiya.
munich samjhaute key baad slovakia mein sthiti kattarpanthi hoe gaee aur loktaantrik pranali dhwast hoe gaee. hsls key alawa, kewal german party aur asterhazi kii sanyukt hangerian party kanuni rahee. navambar 1938 mein dhandhali bharey chunaavon mein, aich. aiss. ell. aiss. ney asterhazi koo "ummidvaaron kii samanya soochi" mein ack aakarshak 17vein sthaan parr rakhaa aur iss prakaar vaha naee slovak vidhansabha key sadasya bunn gaye.
disambar 1938 mein unhone phir seey polland kaa daura kiya. polish rajanyik core aur rajneta, zaan sembek key sansmaran key anusaar, asterhazi ney pahale vienna puraskar key parinamon koo aparyaapt maanaa. unhone trance-carpathian ruthenia (abhee bhee chekoslovakia kaa hissa) key khilaf ack niyojit kaarravaai key sambandh mein viphalata kii bhee shikayat kii, jiss parr baad mein 20 navambar 1938 koo polish aur hangerian swayamsevakon key aatankvaadi samoohon dwara hamla kiya gayaa thaa (unhone chekoslovakia key khilaf usake asthirta key lakshya key saath kaee modd kaarravaai kii thee). asterhazi ney ghoshana kii kii nae "allergy nirnayon" koo taiyar karna aavashyak haye aur carpathian ruthenia key sambandh mein aur hangri key paksh mein apani vyaktigat sagaai kaa vaadaa kiya. unhone yeh bhee kahaa kii iss tarah key karyon koo unaki sansadiya pratiraksha dwara surakshit kiya jaayega.
23 janwari 1939 koo, swaayatt slovak sarkaar ney ack aayog banaaya joe pahale yahudi virodhi kaanoonon kaa prastaav rakhane key liye thaa. 26 janwari koo, asterhazi ney hangri sarkaar koo slovakia kii tulanaa mein teji seey yaa adhik kattarpanthi roop mein yahudi virodhi kaanoon apanaane kii salah dee. unakaa maanana thaa kii yeh chekoslovakia key vighatan key baad slovakia key apane daave key samarthan mein hangri kii sthiti koo majboot karega. apani report mein unhone ichcha vyakt kii kii "iss prakaar humm ummeed curr sakate hain kii berlin unase poori tarah seey door hoe jaayega aur aggar berlin nishchit roop seey chekoslovak mudde koo hull karane kaa faisala kartaa haye tou hamein laabh hoga.
unhone bratislava mein ack dainik, "ijj hirek" (taaja samachar) prakaashit kiya, lekin ise pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa aur asterhazi pulis kii nigrani mein aaa gayaa. baad mein unhone ack nayaa dainik, "magyar hirlap" (hangerian samachar patra) kii sthaapana kii, jisamen unhone kabja kiye gaye kshetra mein bhoomi sudhaar kii aavashyakta kaa aagrah kiya.
slovak ganarajya (1939-1945).
sabhaa mein gatividhiyaan.
pahale slovak ganarajya kii sthaapana 14 march, 1939 koo chekoslovakia key khilaf naazi aakraamakta key ack maadhyamik utpaad key roop mein kii gaee thee. asterhazi ney naajiyon koo manaane kii koshish kii kii farwari 1939 mein berlin mein apani yatra key dauran slovak hangri key saath ekataa key liye hain, lekin unhone aadhikarik taur parr ack radio bhaashan mein "swatantra" slovakia kii sthaapana kaa swaagat kiya. unhone nae raajya key nirmaan koo "check gulami" yaa "check juay" seey mukti key roop mein prastut kiya jaisa kii unhone pahali varshgaanth parr kiya thaa. chekoslovakia key tootane key turant baad, slovakia parr yuddh kii ghoshana key binaa hangri dwara hamla kiya gayaa thaa. hangri kii sainya khufiya key pramukh rezso andorca ney apane sansmaran mein kahaa haye kii way hangri key hamale seey ack dinn pahale asterzi seey mille they aur asterzi ney iss vichaar key prati bahut utsaah vyakt kiya thaa.
asterhazi vidhansabha parivahan-takniki samiti key sadasya they, jinhone uchch raajneetik mahatva key kaanoonon parr charcha naheen kii thee. unaki raajneetik gatividhiyaan vyaavhaarik hiton seey prerit theen aur raajneetik roop seey asangat theen. unhone loktantra virodhi aur adhinaayakvaadi shasson banaane mein madad kii, lekin unhein ummeed thee kii vahee shasson manavtawadi aur sahishnu tareeke seey vyavhaar karega. unhone fasiwadi samarthak linka gaard kii bhoomika kaa sakaratmak mulyankan kiya, lekin isaki hinsa aur ubharate shram aur nazarbandi shiviron kii aalochana kii. anya aloktaantrik kaanoonon key beach, unhone navambar 1939 mein press kii swatantrata aur censorship key pratibandh kii sarahana kii. unhone khud koo charcha mein shamil kiya joe adhik wafadar haye aur joe german upgrahon key beach naazi germany kii behtar seva kartaa haye. unhone hangri parr avishvasaniya sahayogi honey kaa aarop lagaate hue naazi samarthak samachar patron key saath vivaad kiya. unaki raay key anusaar, german-hangerian mitrata kii gahari jadon key kaaran "naee europeeya vyavastha key nirmaan" mein hangri kii aparivartaniya bhoomika thee aur way "europe key behtar bhavishya key liye vishal sangharsh" mein aksh raajyon key karib khade they. isi tarah, unhone hangri key pradhaanmantri key liye germany aur itali parr abhivinyas kaa tark diyaa.
vaha yuddh key madhya mein chekoslovakia mein apani raajneetik gatividhiyon mein bhee laut aae. hangerian rajneta jinhone chekoslovak sarkaaron key saath sahyog kiya, unhein gaddaar key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa aur unhone pushti kii kii vaha "chekoslovakia key khilaf aisee gatividhiyon" kaa pradarshan naheen karenge. jaisa kii unhone kahaa, chekoslovakia koo unake dwara astitva key liye kissy bhee adhikaar key binaa ack raajya key roop mein samajha gayaa thaa aur vaha ise pahale seey hii chekoslovak sansad key upa key roop mein todana chaahte they.
bratislava mein, unhone ack prakaashan company kii sthaapana kii aur ack jaatiya hangerian saanskritik sangathan, zemke key sanchaalan kaa samarthan kiya, jise pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa lekin 1942 mein phir seey shuru kiya gayaa thaa.
alpasankhyak adhikaar.
hangerian alpasankhyak kaa pratinidhitva karane vaali slovak vidhansabha mein asterhazi ekmatra upa they. unake bhaashan mukhya roop seey hangri key alpasankhyak adhikaaron aur slovak-hangri sambandhon kii samasyaon parr kendrit they. unake sabhi 19 sansad bhaashan slovak rashtriya sabhaa kii prakriya key niyamon key anusaar hangerian bhasha mein aayojit kiye gaye they. unake namankan koo parasparikta key ghoshit siddhant key anusaar ack samaayojan kadam key roop mein samajha gayaa thaa. slovakia koo ummeed thee kii hangri slovak key liye usee tarah aage badhegi. unhone apane ranneetik lakshyon key anuroop slovak mukti key liye aadhikarik sahaanubhooti kii abhivyakti key roop mein ummidvaaron kii sarkari soochi mein namankan sweekaar kiya.
aadhikarik slovak shasson ney hangri dwara kabja kiye gaye kshetra parr slovakon key utpeedan koo rokane key liye ekmatra prabhaavi upkaran key roop mein parasparikta key siddhant koo lagu kiya. iss siddhant koo nae slovak samvidhaan mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh slovakia mein hangri key alpsankhyakon key adhikaaron koo hangri mein slovakon key adhikaaron key liye baadhya kartaa thaa. asterhazi ney alpasankhyak kaa pratinidhitva kiya jisane bandhak kii bhoomika nibhai aur jokhim key saath kii sthiti charam key saath aage badhegi. slovakia mein hangerian samudaay key liye bhee, unhone navambar 1938 mein hii hangri mein slovakon key liye alpasankhyak adhikaaron koo lagu karane kii koshish kii, lekin way safal naheen hue. slovak sarkaar ney alpsankhyakon key liye raajya sachivon key karyalaya banaane kii bhee koshish kii thee, jahaan asterhazi koo hangri key alpsankhyakon kaa pratinidhitva karna chaahiye, lekin hangri sarkaar kii anichha key kaaran yeh safal naheen huaa. unhone vyaktigat roop seey hangri mein sant edelbert sangh (spolock swateho vojtecha, slovak catholic aur saanskritik sangh) kii anumati key liye hastakshep kiya, joe slovak sarkaar kii hangerian saanskritik sangh (szlovensky maijiyar culturesulate-sejemke) kii anumati dene kii shart thee.
1940 mein, sanyukt hangerian party kaa naam badalkar slovakia (szalovensky magyar part) mein hangerian party curr diyaa gayaa. parasparikta key siddhant key kaaran, unaki party aadhikarik taur parr 1941 mein hii panjikrit hui thee jaba hangri sarkaar ney aadhikarik taur parr slovak rashtriya ekataa kii party kii gatividhiyon kii anumati dee thee. esterhazi ney disambar 1940 mein pahale seey hii teleki koo manaane key liye hangri key videsh mamalon key mantri see. aiss. key. seey madad kaa anurodh kiya. teleki ney farwari 1941 mein slovak pratinidhimandal koo manaa curr diyaa. 1 march, 1941 koo, hangri mein slovakon ney slovak party kii anumati kii maang karate hue gyaapan prakaashit kiya. asterhazi ney hangerian sarkaar mein unake anurodhon kaa samarthan kiya aur aagrah kiya, joe abhee taka safal naheen huaa thaa. 10 julaai, 1941 koo unhone slovakia mein hungarians key khilaf anyaay key baare mein slovakia mein hangerian party kii anumati key liye slovakia key pradhaan mantri woztech tukaa koo gyaapan diyaa. isake turant baad (15 julaai, 1941) emmanuel boham (hangri mein slovak key netaa) ney hangri key pradhaan mantri key samaan samagri aur roop mein ack pratikriya key roop mein gyaapan koo sambodhit kiya. boham aur asterhazi badapest mein anaupchaarik baithak mein mille aur unhone donon gyapanon kaa adaan-pradaan kiya. sabhi asterhazi charanon (prastutiyaan, samachar patra lekh, appeal, aadi) kii punaravritti.) taba hangri mein slovak dwara ack naee ranneeti key roop mein upayog kiya gayaa thaa. german hastakshep key baad 1941 key anta mein alpasankhyak dalon key parasparik panjikaran parr woztech tuka aur laslo bardosi sahmat hue. octuber 1942 mein, asterhazi ney hangerian united party key adhyaksh pada parr bhaashan diyaa aur hangerian alpasankhyak kii sthiti mein sudhaar key liye kahaa. unhone slovak sarkaar koo atirikt gyaapan bhee sambodhit kiya. iss asterhazi key bhaashan kaa phir seey anuvaad kiya gayaa aur boham dwara vyakhya kii gaee. boham ney ise akhbar slovenska jadenote mein slovak alpasankhyak kii maangon key roop mein prakaashit karane kii koshish kii, haalaanki lekh koo hangerian censorship dwara pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
yahudi-virodhi neeti mein bhagidari.
slovak aahar key sadasya key roop mein asterhazi ney yahudi trasdi kii or leey jaane vaale yahudi virodhi kaanoonon sahit kaee aloktaantrik kaanoonon key liye matdan kiya. vaha naa kewal yahoodiyon key khilaf upaayon key saath sahmat hue, balki apani prastutiyon dwara sakriya roop seey unakaa samarthan bhee kiya. apane sansadiya bhashanon mein, unhone baar-baar sarkaar kii yahudi virodhi neeti key liye samarthan kii ghoshana kii. 28 navambar 1939 koo, jaba unhone hangerian alpasankhyak adhikaaron parr charcha kii, tou unhone yahudi sampatti key "aaryakaran" key liye pahale pareekshan parr bhee tippani kii. unhone iss tathya kii aalochana naheen kii kii sarkaar ney yahudi companiyon key prabandhan key liye kamisaaron koo naamit kiya, lekin hangri key logon kii cumm sankhya koo bhaag lene kii anumati dee gaee. unhone yeh bhee ghoshana kii kii unake baar-baar hastakshep key kaaran aise teen ayukton koo naamit kiya gayaa thaa.
1940 key vasant mein, sabhaa ney pahale "aaryaneekaran" kaanoon parr charcha kii. kaanoon koo antatah 25 aprail, 1940 koo asterhazi kii upasthiti mein aur unake paksh seey paath mein kissy bhee apatti yaa sanshodhan key binaa apanaaya gayaa thaa. kaanoon ney yahoodiyon dwara naee companiyon kii neenv koo pratibandhit curr diyaa, apani sampatti key saath niptan karane kii kshamata koo pratibandhit curr diyaa aur apani companiyon koo bund karane yaa ise "yogya isai sambhaavanaon" koo bechane kii anumati dee.
juuna 1940 mein, germany ney slovak sarkaar mein parivartan kaa adesh diyaa joe kattarpanthiyon kii sthiti koo majboot kartaa haye aur "yahudi mudde" kaa twarit samadhan kartaa haye. 3 sitambar, 1940 koo, asterhazi ney samvaidhaanik adhiniyam key liye matdan kiya, joe sarkaar koo "slovak aarthik aur samajik jeevan seey yahoodiyon key bahishkaar key liye aavashyak harr upaay karane aur yahoodiyon kii sampatti koo isaaiyon key swaamitva mein sthanantarit karane" kaa hakdar thaa.
iss kaanoon koo apanaane key turant baad, usee maheene key dauran kaee yahudi virodhi niyam jaari kiye gaye. yahoodiyon ney motor vaahan chalaane kaa adhikaar khou diyaa thaa, unhone passport (desh chhodane kaa antim mauka khou diyaa thaa) saunp diyaa thaa aur sarkaar ney sabhi yahoodiyon key liye kendriya sangathan ("üstredna zidov") banaaya thaa. 16 sitambar taka, yahoodiyon koo apani sampatti kii soochi vitarit karni thee. iss sthiti mein bhee, asterizi saarvajanik roop seey sarkari yahudi virodhi neeti seey sahmat hue aur sabhaa mein yahoodiyon parr hamla kiya. 8 octuber, 1940 seey apane bhaashan mein, unhone aaney vaale senzus key dauran yahoodiyon key vishesh vargeekaran kaa swaagat kiya aur ghoshana kii kii "dashakon aur sadiyon seey hangri key vikreta yahoodiyon aur yahudi dhokhadhadi seey utane hii peedit they jitna slovak they. doosari or, unhone "yahoodiyon key khilaf vaidh ladaai" key aavaran mein hangri key logon koo nuksan pahunchaane key khilaf virodh kiya. unhone yahoodiyon koo aarthik jeevan seey sevaanivritt karane key liye unake khilaf "vaastavik aur twarit upaayon" kaa bhee sakaratmak mulyankan kiya.
nirvaasan kaanoon.
yahoodiyon key samajik aur aarthik bahishkaar, vidhansabha mein asterzi dwara spasht roop seey samarthit aur sahmat, badey samajik roop seey nirbhar samooh key nirmaan key liye prerit kiya, jisake sadasyon ney apani naukariyon aur sampatti khou dee. isane yahudi samudaay koo avaanchhaniya "samajik bojh" key liye apamaanit curr diyaa aur sarkaar ney desh kii seemaon key baahar yahoodiyon key nirvaasan mein ack "samadhan" paaya.
vidhansabha mein prastut yahudi-virodhi neeti parr asterhazi key vichaaron ney 15 maee, 1942 taka raajya kii aadhikarik neeti kaa virodh naheen kiya. iss samay mein, adhikansh yahudi aabaadi koo pahale seey hii nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur vidhansabha ney tathaakathit "nirvaasan kaanoon" parr charcha kii thee. iss kaanoon seey judee ghatnaaon kii aksar galat vyakhya kii jaati haye aur asterhazi koo galat tareeke seey prastut kiya jaataa haye kyonki kewal vahee vyakti nirvaasan seey asahmat thaa yaa kewal vahee jisane kaanoon key khilaf matdan kiya thaa. kaanoon koo apanaane seey nirvaasan prakriya shuru naheen hui jise aamtaur parr nazarandaj curr diyaa jaataa haye aur jiska ullekh asterhazi prashansakon dwara naheen kiya jaataa haye aur ise slovak ganarajya (1939-45) mein narsamhar seey nipatane vaale itihaskaron dwara vivaadit (vishesh roop seey nakaratmak yaa sakaratmak naheen) kadam maanaa jaataa haye. kattarpanthiyon key majboot dabaav key bavjood vidhansabha ney march mein pahale seey hii nirvaasan koo vaidh banaane seey incar curr diyaa (jaba nirvaasan shuru huaa). nirvaasan koo rokane key asafal parikshanon aur naazi samarthak pradhaan mantri woztech tukaa key saath baatchit kii viphalata key baad, vidhansabha key adhyaksh martin sokol ney kuchh anya pratinidhiyon key saath nishkarsh nikala kii aadhikarik kaanoon key astitva yaa gair-astitva kaa iss tathya parr koee prabhaav naheen padata haye kii yahoodiyon koo nirvaasit kiya jaataa haye, lekin ise apnana unake hisse koo bachaa sakata haye. kaanoon ney purvavyaapi roop seey maujooda nirvaasan koo vaidh banaa diyaa lekin kuchh samoohon kii raksha key liye kanuni dhaanche koo paribhaashit kiya.
matdan kii sateek prakriya kaa aajkal shayed hii punarnirmaan kiya jaa sakata haye. asterhazi ney isake khilaf matdan naheen kiya, lekin anaupchaarik roop seey anupasthit rahey (matdan prakriya ney aadhikarik roop seey anupasthit rahane yaa isake khilaf matdan karane kii anumati naheen dee). kaee slovak pratinidhiyon key alawa, kaee slovak pratinidhiyon key ack samooh ney matdan seey pahale vidhansabha kaksh seey matdan kiya, saath hii german dipty dutsche party jozef steinhabel key liye bhee. ack anya samooh ney yahoodiyon key maataa-pitaa key liye bhee sanrakshit logon kii soochi kaa vistaar karane kaa prastaav rakhaa, jinhen apavaad praapt honge. asterhazi ney kissy bhee parivartan anurodh kaa prastaav naheen diyaa, koee bhaashan naheen diyaa aur matdan key dauran unhone buss apana haath naheen uthaaya. unakaa haav-bhaav fasiwadi samarthak press mein lekhon key kaaran jaanaa jaane lagaa, jinhone turant una parr hamla curr diyaa. haalaanki, press ney jaanboojhkar anya pratinidhiyon key baare mein sabhi ullekhon koo chhipa diyaa, joe usa samay mein naazi khufiya agency dwara bhee dekhaa gayaa thaa. inn ghatnaaon key kaaran asterhazi upasthit sadasyon mein seey ekmatra sadasya bunn gaye jinake liye yeh spasht thaa kii unhone matdan naheen kiya aur ekmatra vyakti jinhone ise saarvajanik aur pradarshanatmak tareeke seey kiya. 
yeh sakaratmak bhaav apekshaakrit dair seey aaya. 1942 mein nirvaasit 57,628 yahoodiyon mein seey kewal see. see. aeye. 15.000 koo kaanoon koo apanaane key baad nirvaasit kiya gayaa thaa. asterhazi saarvajanik roop seey apani raay ghoshit naheen karna chaahte they, lekin unhone matdan seey pahale martin sokol key saath niji baatchit mein aisaa kiya. baad mein, unhone hangri sarkaar key liye patra mein apane karanon koo bhee samajhaaya. unhone ghoshana kii kii kaanoon buraa haye aur maanav naheen haye, lekin unhone "bachpan seey hii" apane yahudi virodhi abhivinyas kii pushti kii aur yahudi virodhi baney rahane kii apani ichcha vyakt kii. unhone apani prerana kaa kaaran yeh bhee bataaya kii ack alpasankhyak rajneta key roop mein way ack aise kaanoon key liye vote naheen curr sakate hain joe alpasankhyak koo nirvaasit karane kaa bahumat kaa adhikaar detaa haye.
nirvaasan kaa mamla vidhansabha mein unake antim sakriya kadmon mein seey ack thaa. 1942 key uttaraardh seey, way adhik nishkriya aur alibistic sthiti mein chaley gaye. yeh vahee yaa isi tarah kii prakriya thee jise sattaaroodh dall key kaee sadasyon key liye bhee dekhaa jaa sakata thaa.
peedit logon kii madad karein.
asterhazi ney yuddh key beach key samay seey dhruvon key saath apane samparkon koo sanrakshit kiya. yuddh key dauran, slovak-hangerian seema polish pratirodh andolan key liye uchch mahatva vaalaa kshetra bunn gaee. kabje vaale polland aur hangri key beach adhikansh courier aur taskar rekhaaen dakshini slovakia seey hocker gujarati theen. iss channel kaa upayog gharelu pratirodh aur nirvaasit netaaon key beach sambandh koo sanrakshit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. poul slovak kii peepuls party key kaee samarthak polish pratinidhiyon key sampark mein they, jinka pratinidhitva pavol Çarnogurskı ney kiya thaa, jinhone hangri kii seema paar karane key saath-saath janos asterzi key saath bhee sampark vyakti key roop mein kaam kiya thaa. asterhazi ney apani kaar mein khambhon koo sthanantarit karane key liye apani sansadiya pratiraksha kaa upayog kiya aur unhone kabja kiye gaye khambhon kii madad karane key liye bhee hastakshep kiya jinhen germans koo jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
genec key anusaar, asterhazi ney gupt roop seey yahoodiyon key liye veeja aur passport kii vyavastha kii. hangri sarkaar unake karyon seey asahmat thee isaliye laslo bardosi ney unhein yahudi logon aur anya logon koo bachaane seey pratibandhit curr diyaa, haalaanki unhone apane karyon koo jaari rakhaa. vaha kahata haye kii usane kaee yahoodiyon, slovakon, chekon aur khambhon kii zaan bachaai..
pratiraksha kii haani aur yuddh kaa anta.
asterhagy ney carpathian german key netaa franz caramacin key saath milkar abhiyojan aur sansadiya pratiraksha koo radd karane key liye kaee anurodh kiye. adhikansh mamle yatayat niyamon key ullanghan seey sambandhit they aur abhiyojan koo vidhansabha dwara anumodit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. ekmatra apavaad 22 octuber, 1943 koo poprad mein train station mein hui ghatana thee. pratiraksha samiti ney taba abhiyojan kii anumati dene kii sifarish kii, jiss parr anya pratinidhiyon kii bhaari taaliyon key saath sarvasammati seey sahamati bunny. pratiraksha khone key baad, unhone vidhansabha mein kewal dou baar baat kii-1944 key raajya bajat key baare mein bahas mein aur farwari 1944 mein raajya key raksha kaanoon key baare mein bahas mein.
1943 key baad seey, yuddh mein aantarik raajneetik parivartanon aur karobar key sandarbh mein unaki raajneetik gatividhi mein girawat aaee. octuber 1944 mein, unhone german senaa dwara hangri parr kabje key khilaf virodh kiya. jaba fasiwadi teer cross party satta mein aaee, tou unhein apani party koo isaki sthaaniya shakha mein badalane key liye kahaa gayaa, lekin unhone manaa curr diyaa. teer cross party shasson ney unhein thode samay key liye nazarband curr diyaa aur german gestapo ney baad mein unhein vaanchhit ghoshit curr diyaa. vaha german key saath-saath chekoslovak adhikaariyon key saamane taba taka chhipa rhaa jaba taka kii soviyat sanic naheen aaa gaye.
jail aur mrityu.
slovakia kii mukti key baad, unhone hangerian party kii gatividhiyon koo bahaal karna shuru curr diyaa. unhone yuddh key baad hangerian alpsankhyakon key utpeedan, dakshini slovakia mein hangerian kabje vaale shasson key parisamapan kii aalochana kii aur kois key sarkari karyakram key khilaf gyaapan parr bhaag liya. unhein chekoslovak nikaayon dwara giraftar kiya gayaa thaa aur unaki gatividhiyon key liye jaanch kii gaee thee.
unhein slovak rashtriya adalat mein slovak vidhansabha key sabhi sadasyon key roop mein nyaay diyaa jaanaa thaa, lekin unhein 1945 kii garmiyon mein soviyat senaa dwara avaidh roop seey nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. asterzi koo masco mein lubyanka kii bhayjanak jail mein ack saal key liye rakhaa gayaa thaa, aur phir, mangadhant aaropon key aadhar parr, unhein cyberia mein duss saal kaam karane kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. iss beach, 16 sitambar, 1947 koo bratislava mein slovak rashtriya adalat ney unhein chekoslovak raajya koo todane, fasiwadi shasson key saath sahyog karane aur slovak vidhansabha key upa key roop mein unaki bhagidari key liye unaki anupasthiti mein maut kii sajaa sunai. 1949 mein soviyat sangh ney unhein chekoslovakia koo pratyarpit curr diyaa. usa samay asterhazi pahale seey hii gambhir roop seey beemar they. unhein rashtrapati dwara kshama kiye jaane key kaaran fansi naheen dee gaee thee, kyonki unaki sajaa koo aajivan karawas mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. agale varshon mein unhein jail seey chekoslovakia kii jail mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. 1957 mein apane 56vein janmadin seey 6 dinn pahale 8 march koo mirov jail aspatal mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
unake punarvaas key liye prayaas.
21 janwari, 1993 koo russie nyaay pranali ney mulyankan key baad kii ussr mein unakaa nirvaasan, ack sajaa aur karawas koo paarit karna gairkaanooni thaa, kaa punarvaas kiya. punarvaas parr samagri hangri sarkaar koo dee gaee thee, bhale hii vaha apane raajneetik jeevan key dauran hangri kaa nagrik naa hoe.
unaki betty, ellis asterhazi-malfatti, slovakia mein jaatiya hangerian rajneta aur hangri mein rajneta, navambar 1989 seey slovakia mein punarvaas praapt karane kii koshish curr rahey hain, jise hangerian sarkaar dwara samarthan diyaa gayaa haye. yeh prayaas abhee taka safal naheen huaa haye. 1993 mein bratislava key shahar kii adalat mein appeal kii gaee thee kii nirdoshta key bayaan koo praapt karane key lakshya key saath janos asterzi key mukadame koo phir seey kholane kii anumati dee jaae. ack saal baad, yeh taya karane key liye kaaryavaahi hui kii kyaa mukadame koo phir seey kholna uchit haye aur nae tathyon key aadhar parr joe mool mukadame mein nae pahalu laa sakate hain. shahar kii adalat ney bratislava aur budapest mein gavaahon kii jaanch sahit vyaapak sakshya kaa pradarshan kiya. adalat ney slovakia mein hangri key itihas seey nipatane vaale itihaskaron aur dou check itihaskaron seey aitihaasik sansthaan slovak vigyaan akadami seey, hangri key kaee aitihaasik sansthanon seey visheshagya raay kaa bhee anurodh kiya. 1994 mein, aarambhakarta ney mool appeal koo badal diyaa aur phir seey kholane key mudde koo vaapas leey liya. apane vakeel key madhyam seey unhone aaropi key adhikaaron key ullanghan key kaaran mool sajaa koo radd karane key liye samanya abhiyojan paksh koo sambodhit kiya. strasberg mein europeeya manvadhikar aayog ney mool mukadame kii vaidhata key khilaf unaki shikayat koo aswikar curr diyaa kyonki slovakia key prati isaki yogyata kewal 18 march, 1992 koo shuru hoti haye.
saiman vicenthal seey dow. koo ack patra haye. peater samko, bratislava key shahar kii adalat key mukhya nyayadhish, joe 1993 key akhbar mein prakaashit hue they. apane patra mein veesenthal ney dridhata seey asterhazi kaa bachaav kiya aur apani or seey gavaahon kii peshkash kii (asterhazi dwara bachaaye gaye pozsoni key schlessinger parivaar key prashansaapatra parr, dainik roop seey bhee prakaashit kiya gayaa). americi hangerian mahasangh ney asterhazi koo doshmukt karane key liye bhee kaam kiya haye aur yaad veshem aur itihaaskaar addam magda aur istwan deck, columbia vishvavidyalaya key itihas vibhaag seey emeritus professor sett low key atirikt patron key saath veesenthal patra prakaashit kiya haye (aadhunik slovakia aur chechiya key kathit drishtikon seey sambandhit deck key bayaan kaee aadhikarik dastavejon aur ghoshanaon kaa khandan karate hain).
2012 mein, hungarians key vishva sangh ney ack yachika key madhyam seey check ganarajya mein asterhazi koo punarvaas karane kii koshish kii joe check ganarajya kii sansad key pratinidhiyon key kaksh koo dee gaee thee. yachikaon parr samiti ney yachika parr vichaar kiya, lekin iss aadhar parr ise khariz curr diyaa kii check adalaton dwara nyaayik punarvaas sambhav naheen haye, kyonki bratislava mein rashtriya adalat dwara unakaa mukadama chalaaya gayaa thaa aur anya prakaar key punarvaas key liye paryaapt samagri naheen haye.
aitihaasik vyaakhyaaen.
janos asterhazi samanya slovak aur hangerian itihas mein vyaktitvon key vibhinn vichaaron aur vyakhyaon key sabse vishisht udaharanon seey sambandhit haye. hangerian aur slovak itihaskaron ney apane mamle koo phir seey kholane key liye adalat dwara anurodh kiye gaye apane visheshagya vichaaron kaa anupaalan naheen kiya.
mukhyadhara kii hangerian aur polish histography.
hangerian itihaskaron key samooh ney ghoshana kii kii asterhazi kaa mukadama niradhar thaa. praantiya isai-samajwadi party aur hangerian united party rashtriya-roodhivaadi dall they aur unakaa naazi abhivinyas naheen thaa. pahale slovak ganarajya key dauran asterhazi dwara sthaapit hangerian party "aur bhee adhik naazi virodhi thee aur isamen rosemarra kii faasivaad virodhi pratha thee" jisake bheetar yeh utpeedit logon kaa samarthan karati thee. yeh kewal shayed hii bardasht kiya gayaa thaa sangathan joe 1942 mein apane dair seey panjikaran seey saabit huaa haye. asterhazi koo hangerian sarkaaron key sanshodhanvaad key khilaf aapattiyan theen aur unhone 1938 taka chekoslovakia key bheetar hangerian alpasankhyak koo lagu karane kii koshish kii thee. 1938 mein sankat key dauran, unhone hinsak karyon koo rokane key liye sub kuchh kiya. asterhazi ney slovak swaayatta kaa samarthan kiya aur unhone lagaatar hangerian-slovak mitrata aur sahyog key paksh mein kaam kiya. aavaran naamon key upayog kaa mulyankan ack samanya rajanyik pratha key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. unaki raay key anusaar, kissy koo bhee aisaa koee dastavej naheen milaa haye joe kissy koo bhee khufiya gatividhiyon key liye yaa iska sanket dene key liye adhikrit kartaa haye. inn karanon seey, unhone chekoslovakia key tootane aur faasivaad key saath sahyog seey sambandhit aaropon koo niradhar bataaya.
hangri key itihaaskaar istwan janek apani mrityu kaa kaaran "europeeya moolyon, maanav aur alpasankhyak adhikaar aur rashtron key beach aapsi sahishnuta key liye ladaai" mein dekhate hain. unaki raay key anusaar, unhein apane mukadame key dauran avaanchhit gavaahon kii upasthiti koo rokane key liye anupasthiti mein sajaa sunai gaee thee aur unaki sajaa kaa vaastavik kaaran hangerian alpasankhyak koo darana thaa. asterhazi koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur gustaav husak key adesh parr soviyat gupt seva koo saunp diyaa gayaa. ack paschim-unmukh rajneta key roop mein asterhazi ney berlin aur mosco seey doori banaae rakhee aur iss vajah seey bhee kii vaha fasiwadi naheen baney. unake yahudi-virodhi bayanon parr bhee sawal uthaaye jaate hain aur yahudi-virodhi bayanon koo "satta mein rahane vaalon dwara apekshit" key roop mein samajhaaya jaataa haye. asterhazi koo ack manavtawadi, loktaantrik aur rajneta key roop mein prastut kiya jaataa haye joe madhya europe mein rashtron key beach sahyog key liye ack udaaharan hoe sakata haye.
unaki bahan lujja aur molnar yaa janek jaise kuchh aadhunik hangerian itihaskaron key sansmaranon key anusaar, asterhazi ney 1939 mein slovak general rudolf viest (baad mein slovak rashtriya vidroh key netaa) koo landan bhaagne mein madad kii.
imre molnar kaa kahana haye kii asterhazi yahudi virodhi naheen thaa kyonki unake prakashanon mein yahudi virodhi bayaan naheen they. molnar yahudi virodhi kaanoonon key anumodan parr asterhazi kii bhagidari seey incar kartaa haye. unhone kahaa kii asterhazi ney pahale "aaryaneekaran" kaanoon key liye matdan naheen kiya kyonki vaha vidhansabha kii baithak key dauran upasthit naheen they. haalaanki, unhone yeh ullekh naheen kiya kii vidhansabha ney iss kaanoon key baare mein dou baar matdan kiya, kyonki ise rashtrapati jozef tisso dwara vidhansabha mein vaapas curr diyaa gayaa thaa. asterhazi kii anupasthiti kewal pahale matdan parr lagu hoti thee aur dusare matdan key dauran vaha upasthit they. molnar key anusaar, asterhazi ney yahudi patrakaron koo esty ezsag key samachar patra mein taba taka kaam parr rakhaa jaba taka vaha curr sakata thaa. vaha yeh bhee ghoshana kartaa haye kii yeh sach naheen haye kii asterhazi ney yahudi logon key khilaf kaanoonon key liye matdan kiya kyonki "yahudi codex" (yahoodiyon kii kanuni sthiti key baare mein viniyaman 198/1941) koo sarkaar dwara sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa aur vidhansabha dwara naheen aur vidhansabha ney kewal codex key sambandh mein poorak praavdhaanon key liye matdan kiya thaa. iss siddhant kaa samarthan iss tathya seey naheen hotaa haye kii sabhi kanuni mandand sarkaar dwara jaari naheen kiye gaye they. vidhansabha "yahudi codex" parr sahmat honey key liye baadhya naheen thee, kyonki pratinidhi (asterhazi sahit) ney samvaidhaanik kaanoon dwara yahoodiyon koo samajik aur aarthik jeevan seey baahar karane kii jimmedaari spasht roop seey saunpi thee.
janos asterzi kii hangerian aitihaasik vartani key liye usee samarthan mein, polish itihaskaron aur media ney bhee unhein sakaratmak roop seey chitrit kiya, kyonki dhruvon ney unhein nirvaasit polish sarkaar key samarthak key roop mein jimmedaar thaharaaya. divangat polish rashtrapati, letch kakzinsky, ney unhein hangri aur polland donon key rashtriya naayak key namoone key roop mein dekhate hue, unake liye maranoparant vishishtata praapt kii. march 2015 mein, shree. sichanovsky ney jore dekar kahaa kii janos asterhazi ack hangerian deshbhakt aur polland aur dhruvon key mahaan mitra they. unhone iss tathya parr jore diyaa kii francis raakozi aur asterhazi polish-hangerian mitrata kii hazaar saal purani parampara aur sammaan aur swatantrata key liye donon deshon key sanyukt sangharsh koo vyakt karane vaale sabse pramukh vyaktiyon mein seey hain.
mukhyadhara key slovak aur check histography.
hangerian aur polish itihaskaron key vipareet, joe unake rashtriya, isai aur manavtawadi moolyon koo ujagar karate hain, slovak aur check itihaaskaar iss nishkarsh parr pahunche kii isai-loktaantrik rajneta kii kuchh sakaratmak visheshtaon seey, chekoslovakia key khilaf unaki gatividhiyaan spasht roop seey shatrutapurna theen.
check itihaaskaar jaroslav valenta ney nott kiya kii polland mein asterhazi kii vaarta kaa lakshya unake dwara pratinidhitva kii gaee hangerian alpasankhyak kii sthiti mein sudhaar naheen thaa, balki ack adhik-hangerian neeti aur chekoslovakia kii akhandata aur swatantrata key khilaf hamale kaa ehsas thaa. alpasankhyak rajneta kii unaki bhoomika poori tarah seey prishthabhoomi mein thee aur unhone swaichhik roop seey hangri sarkaar key doot aur madhyasth key roop mein kaam kiya. teesare desh koo vibhajit karane yaa samaapt karane key lakshya key saath dou raajyon kii baatchit mein iss tarah kii bhagidari (yadi vaha iss desh kaa nagrik thaa tou adhik) kaa mulyankan unake dwara raajya key spasht rajdroh key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. valenta bataate hain kii asterhazi ney chekslovakia key astitva key khilaf gatividhiyon kaa pradarshan kiya, usa samay bhee jaba unhone swaichhik roop seey checkslovak nagrikta key liye nirnay liya thaa. vaha raajya key khilaf aakraamakta kii taiyari key liye ack upkaran key roop mein sansadiya pratiraksha kii bahut hii asamanya vyakhya koo paataa haye joe usey yeh visheshaadhikaar pradaan kartaa haye. valenta ney hangri key itihaskaron dwara apane mamle koo phir seey kholane key uddeshya seey asterhazi kii wafadari koo saabit karane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali vidhi parr sawal uthaaya. unake anusaar, isi vidhi kaa upayog sudeton german key netaa konrad henlen kii wafadari saabit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. chekoslovakia key khilaf unaki gatividhiyon kii pushti karane vaale dastavejon kii kamee key baare mein unake siddhant key sambandh mein, unhone nott kiya kii unhone polish sroton seey dastavejon kaa adhyayan karane kii jahmat naheen uthaai joe varshon seey upalabdh hain.
slovak itihaaskaar ivan kamenek ney ack nirmaata aur samagrata shasson key shikaar donon key roop mein asterhazi kii bhoomika kii vyakhya kii haye joe unake samarthan seey banaai gaee thee. asterhazi koo apani kamiyon aur rashtriya siddhant key saath loktaantrik chekoslovakia key beach nirnay lena padaa. unhone doosara raasta taya kiya joe pahale seey hii naazi germany dwara nirdeshit thaa aur apane faisale key liye uchch vyaktigat aur raajneetik keemat chukai. yeh tathya kii asterhazi naazi naheen thaa, vaastavik duniya kii neeti mein naazi key saath unake sahyog koo naheen roque sakaa. unakaa dukhad jeevan aalochanatmak vichaaron koo nazarandaj karane kaa kaaran naheen haye.
ack anya slovak itihaaskaar ladislav deck bataate hain kii asterhazi ney slovak swaayatta key vichaar kaa samarthan kewal usake baad key hangri mein shamil honey key liye ack praarambhik kadam key roop mein kiya. vaha apani raajneetik gatividhiyon aur parikshanon kii galat vyakhya karane kii pravrittiyon kii aalochana kartaa haye taaki usey vishesh roop seey ack hangerian deshbhakt, hangerian, manavtawadi aur shaheed key uchit adhikaaron key rakshak key roop mein samajha jaa sakey. deck key anusaar, asterhazi key raajneetik vichaar iss rekha seey parey hain aur hangerian raajnetaon aur sarkaar koo sambodhit unake dastavejon seey spasht hain. anya slovak lekhakon key roop mein, vaha apani loktantra-virodhi aur yahudi-virodhi gatividhiyon kii yaad dilaate hain, lekin nirvaasan kaanoon key baare mein matdan key dauran apane naitik bhaav kaa sakaratmak mulyankan karate hain. haalaanki, yeh naitik bhaav bahut dair seey aaya aur slovak yahoodiyon key dukhad bhaagya key baare mein kuchh bhee naheen badal sakaa.
ferdinand wrabble kewal hangerian itihaskaron dwara asterhazi kii raajya-virodhi gatividhiyon koo saabit karane vaale aitihaasik dastavejon kii agyaantaa key baare mein naheen bolate hain, balki way khule taur parr jhooth key baare mein bolate hain. unaki raay key anusaar, pahale vienna puraskar seey pahale rome mein vaarta parr khufiya jaankaari yaa asterhazi kii bhagidari pradaan karna maanak rajanyik abhyaas seey bahut door haye. vaha imre molner key kaam kii aalochana karate hain kyonki yeh kuchh aisaa haye joe kaee kshetron mein vartamaan gyaan kii upeksha kartaa haye aur vaha samaaj key adhyaksh key roop mein molner kii sthiti key beach hiton key takraav koo dekhta haye jiska lakshya asterhazi aur unake vaigyaanik kaam koo punarvaas karna haye. imre molnar key siddhanton aur vyakhyaon kii aalochana saral key roop mein kii jaati haye.jee. yeh siddhant kii vaha rome mein anirdisht sarkaar dwara pradaan kiye gaye ladaakoo vimaan parr ack "niji vyakti" key roop mein baatchit karane aae they. jaisa kii unhone nott kiya, yahudi-virodhi kaanoonon koo apanaane parr asterhazi kii bhagidari key baare mein "jhoothe aarop" kii pushti naa kewal slovak itihaskaron dwara kii gaee haye, balki anya rashtriyataon key itihaskaron aur slovak yahoodiyon key pratinidhiyon dwara bhee kii gaee haye.
slovakia mein holocost key shodh ney yahoodiyon key bachaav mein asterhazi kii anoothi bhoomika kii pushti naheen kii. slovak itihaslekhan yeh maanata haye kii sattaaroodh abhijaat varg key lagbhag sabhi sadasyon key paas sanrakshan key tahat "apane" yahudi they. vishesh logon key liye sahaayata koo chhodkar (i.ee. unaki sampatti key pattedaar) aur nae dastavejon kii khoj karane kii khuli sambhavana, yahoodiyon key liye badey paimaane parr asterhazi kii madad koo kharaab pralekhit aur avishvasaniya siddhant maanaa jaataa haye. yuddh key dauran, slovak yahoodiyon ney avaidh sangathan kaary samooh kaa gathan kiya aur slovak aur anya europeeya yahoodiyon koo bachaane kii koshish kii. iss samooh ney polland seey hangri taka yahoodiyon kii taskari kaa bhee ayojan kiya, jahan asterhazi apane samparkon key kaaran sakaratmak bhoomika nibha sakata thaa. haalaanki, dastavejon key gyaat sangrah mein iss sangathan key saath unake sahyog key baare mein koee ullekh naheen haye.
samanya rudolf viest key liye unaki kathit madad slovak aur check lekhakon dwara viest kii jeevani dwara samarthit naheen haye aur isaki ack tathyaatmak galati key roop mein aalochana kii jaati haye. yeh siddhant germans dwara pakade jaane seey pahale likhe gaye viest key apane sansmaran key khilaf bhee haye aur shayed flosenberg ekagrata shivir mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee thee.
soviyat seva koo saunpane mein gustaav husak kii bhoomika key baare mein siddhant kii aalochana patrakaarita saahitya parr adharit honey key roop mein kii jaati haye. ladislav deck ingit karate hain kii soviyat suraksha adhikaariyon ney manmaane dhang seey darjanon hajaaron chekoslovakon koo nirvaasit curr diyaa aur aisee sthiti kuchh asadharan naheen thee. videsh mantralaya parr dastaavez seey pataa chalata haye kii slovak adhikaari aur videsh mantralaya apane mukadame key dauran asterhazi kii upasthiti sunishchit karna chaahte they. 14 agast, 1947 seey ussr seey vaapas aaney kaa anurodh karane key mamle mein raajya sachiv vladmir clementis koo sambodhit gopaniya patra mein checkslovak adhikaariyon kii bhagidari key binaa russie sainya gashti kii kaarravaai key roop mein soviyat sangh dwara unake karawas koo prastut kiya gayaa haye. isake alawa, iss dastaavez kii photocopy bhee imre molnar dwara prakaashit kii gaee haye. 21 agast, 1947 seey clementis koo likhe hue husak key patra mein, husak ney raay vyakt kii kii "yeh achchha hoga yadi hamaare adhikaariyon koo asterhazi jaari kiya jaae.
asterhazi koo kabhi-kabhi hangerian agent yaa seedhe jasus key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. unakaa kathit uddeshya trionan kii sandhi kaa sanshodhan thaa. hangerian academy off sciences key istwan janek key anusaar, iss tarah key aaropon koo samkaaleen dastavejon dwara samarthit naheen kiya jaataa haye, kyonki unaki sthiti aur karyon key baare mein aadhikarik dastavejon kii kamee haye.
2011 mein prakaashit slovak vigyaan akadami key itihas sansthaan, genos asterhazi key "mahimamandan parr pratikriya" mein unake raajneetik profile key baare mein ack gyaapan, jiss parr anya slovak aitihaasik sansthanon key nideshakon dwara bhee hastakshar kiye gaye they. anya baaton key alawa, gyaapan mein ghoshana kii gaee kii unhein ack loktaantrik, manavtawadi aur utpeedit vyaktiyon key niswarth uddhaarak key roop mein prastut karna aitihaasik tathyon key vipareet haye aur nirvaasan key liye matdan naheen karane key unake nirnay kaa upayog kewal ack key roop mein naheen kiya jaa sakata haye aur unaki sabhi raajneetik gatividhiyon key liye mandand nirdhaarit naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. mahimamandan aur smaarak banaane key bajaay, unhone unake jeevan aur karyon key baare mein tarksangat charcha kii sifarish kii.
raajneetik vivaad.
unake 100vein janmadin parr, hangri kii sansad ney ganarajya key tatkalin rashtrapati ferenk maddle kii upasthiti mein ack smaarak satra aayojit kiya. 20 aprail, 2007 koo, rashtrapati laslo soliyam ney bhee asterhazi key punarvaas kaa aagrah kiya. "kaise aataa haye kii harr koee ack" yuddh aparaadhi "kaa sammaan kartaa haye, rajneta aadhikarik taur parr usake saath khade hotey hain, jabaki kanuni roop seey aur dastavejon mein vaha abhee bhee sabse gambhir sambhaavit ninda kaa bojh haye?""-soliyam ney asterhazi kii mrityu koo yaad karane key liye hangerian academy off sciences dwara aayojit ack sammelan mein diye gaye bhaashan mein kahaa. hangerian sansad kii iss kaarravaai ney slovakia mein virodhabhasi pratikriyaon kaa kaaran banaa, hangerian gathbandhan kii party key raajnetaon aur isai loktaantrik andolan key frantisec miklosko kii upasthiti seey vriddhi hui. dakshini slovakia mein unaki moortiyon aur pratimaon koo rakhane key dauran anya nakaratmak pratikriyaen aaeen. 2011 mein, iss tarah kii kaarravaai key kaaran ayojakon aur kuchh nagrikon key beach sangharsh huaa.
agast 2011 mein, faasivaad virodhi ladaakon key slovak sangh key samachar patra ney slovak rashtriya vidroh parr apane vichaaron key baare mein rashtrapati ivan gasparovic kaa sakshatkar liya aur samkaaleen raajnetaon, janos asterzi aur ferdinand γürčanskı kii pratimaon kaa anaavaran kiya. gasparovic ney "usa samay key dukh mein shamil raajnetaon" kii pratimaon koo anuchit key roop mein banaane seey incar curr diyaa, asterhazi koo hitler aur faasivaad key anuyaayi ("viznaavaak") key roop mein label kiya. isase hangri mein teekhi nakaratmak pratikriyaaen huin. hangerian upa pradhaan mantri zsolt semjen key anusaar, asterzi hamesha catholic church kii shikshaon key liye pratibaddh thaa aur aisaa koee sanyog naheen haye kii usake betification parr vichaar kiya jaa rhaa haye. hangri sansadiya dall kii rajneeti alag-alag ghoshit kii jaa sakati haye kii iss tarah key shabd naa kewal hangri key alpasankhyak samudaay key liye balki poore hangri rashtra key liye aparaadh hain.
puraskar.
2009 mein, polish rashtrapati ney unhein maranoparant hangri key kshetra key madhyam seey polish sharanarthiyon aur general casemeres sosnowski key bachaav key liye polonia punarsthapana adesh seey sammaanit kiya.
asterhazi key parivaar aur samarthakon ney unake liye rashtron key beach nyaaypurna puraskar praapt karane kii koshish kii, lekin unakaa deerghakaalik prayaas asafal rhaa. 1991 mein dow. moshe bezsky, dharmi key padnam key liye aayog key adhyaksh aur janos asterzi key punarvaas key liye gawahi aur dastavejon key swaagat kii pushti kii aur unake kaam aur jeevan koo shraddhanjali dee. baad mein, yaad washem 
sabhi upalabdh dastavejon parr vichaar karane key baad unhone namankan seey incar curr diyaa, lekin utpeedit logon key vishesh samoohon kii madad key liye dhanyavaad vyakt kiya. iss sweekriti key sakaratmak hisse koo manhani-rodhi leag dwara sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa, jisane 3 navambar, 2011 koo asterhazi koo dekhbhal key liye zaan karsky saahas puraskar pradaan kiya thaa. slovakia mein yahudi samudaay key sakriya virodh key bavjood aur sthaaniya aitihaasik sansthaan key saath kissy bhee paramarsh key binaa puraskar saunpa gayaa thaa. 13 navambar, 2011 koo slovakia mein yahudi samudaay key pratinidhiyon ney manhani-rodhi leag key nideshak abraham foxman koo sambodhit khule patra mein puraskar key khilaf virodh kiya. unhone aalochana kii kii "unake mahaan prayaas key bavjood" aeye. dee. ell. ney samkaaleen utpeedan seey prabhaavit samudaay kii raay koo dhyaan mein rakhane seey incar curr diyaa aur mahatvapurna sankhya mein janvirodhi, adhinaayakvaadi aur yahudi virodhi kaanoonon key nirmaan mein apani bhagidari kii yaad dilaaee. unhone puraskar kii prastuti key dauran galat bataae gaye kaee vichaaron kii aalochana kii. way iss tark seey asahmat they kii "ack catholic key roop mein asterhazi naazi vichardhara seey sahmat naheen hoe sakate they aur samagr shasson key saath sahyog naheen curr sakate they" aur unhone bataaya kii kaee catholic pujari usa samay rajneta they (rashtrapati jozef tisso sahit) aur slovakia mein faasivaad key netaaon key liye isai siddhanton kaa sandarbh denaa bhee vishisht thaa. unhone satark kiya kii sattaaroodh abhijaat varg key lagbhag sabhi sadasyon key paas rashtrapati tisso yaa sabse kattarpanthi yahudi virodhi sahit "apane" yahudi they. nishkarsh mein, unhone raay vyakt kii kii adl, jonas asterzi (aur kuchh raajnetaon) key parivaar kii deerghakaalik pairavi key tahat aaya haye, joe usey sakaratmak roop seey dikhaane kaa prayaas curr rhaa haye aur ummeed kartaa haye kii bhavishya mein aisee "galatiyon" koo dohraya naheen jaayega.
kuchh itihaaskaar, jaise hangerian jaatiyata key slovak itihaaskaar imre molnar, asterhazi key betification key samarthak aur samarthak rahey hain.
baahari link.
"hangerian mein":

