
constantinople kaa sammelan (1881)

2 julaai 1881 koo grees key samrajya aur ottoman samrajya key beach constantinople key sammelan parr hastakshar kiye gaye they, jisake parinamswarup thessaly kshetra (alasona key alawa) aur dakshini epirus (arta praant) kaa ack hissa grees koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa.
prishthabhoomi.
1875 mein mahaan purvi sankat key prakop key saath, yunan mein kaee logon ney ottoman samrajya kii keemat parr "megali vichaar" koo sakar karane aur desh kii seemaon koo uttar kii or vistaarit karane kaa avsar dekhaa. usee samay, raajaa george pratham seey yunani netritva koo pataa thaa kii mahaan shaktiyaan, aur vishesh roop seey mahaan britten, iss tarah key romanch kaa samarthan naheen karate they; parinamswarup grees ney vishesh roop seey apani sainya taiyari koo dekhate hue adhik satark rukh apanaaya. iss nishkriyata koo bulgarian samrajya kii sthaapana parr haal key sankat seey utpann paine-slavism key darr seey majboot kiya gayaa thaa, jisake kaaran sabhi balcon raajyon, vishesh roop seey king george dwara sahyog key sujhaavon key prati avishvaas paida huaa thaa. iss prakaar 1867 key yunani-serbian gathbandhan key aadhar parr macedonia key sanyukt hamale aur vibhajan key liye serbian rajkumar milan key prastaavon koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa.
jaise hii 1876 mein serb-turkey yuddh kii shuruat key saath purvi sankat khule yuddh mein badal gayaa, roose, joe sangharsh mein sainya hastakshep kii or apariharya roop seey kheencha gayaa thaa, reachstad samjhaute parr austriya key saath ack vyavastha koo surakshit karane key liye aage badhaa. samjhaute mein yeh nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa kii balcon mein ack pramukh slavic raajya kii sthaapana naheen kii jaayegi, kii bulgaria aur albania swaayatt hoe jaayenge, aur teen pahale seey maujood balcon raajya-serbia, grees aur montenegro-kuchh kshetron koo jodd denge. yunan key liye, inhen thessaly, crate aur epirus key kuchh hisson key roop mein parikalpit kiya gayaa thaa. alexandros commondoros key tahat yunani sarkaar ney raajaa kii ichchhaon key anusaar sakht tatasthata rakhee. serbia aur romenia dwara ack samanya kaaran key liye kiye gaye prastaavon koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa, bhale hii donon ney russie tatvavdhan mein, "grater bulgaria" key udbhav koo rokane key liye kaary karane kii aavashyakta parr jore diyaa. jaise hii shaktiyaan constantinople sammelan key liye taiyar huin, yunani janata yuddh samarthak rukh kii or muda gaee aur kaarravaai key liye guhaar lagaai. yunan koo ack lambe aantarik raajneetik sankat mein fenk diyaa gayaa thaah ack or raajaa ney roose yaa slavic balcon raajyon key saath gathbandhan key liye sahmat honey seey incar curr diyaa, jabaki commondoros aur unake pratidvandi, apamenondas delegorges, karyalaya mein baari-baari seey. constantinople sammelan key prastaav, halanki ottoman sarkaar dwara khariz curr diye gaye they, yunani janata key liye ack jhataka thaah shaktiyon dwara anushansit "sahee" vyavhaar key bavjood, grees ney apane hiton koo nazarandaj karate hue dekhaa, usee samay jaba roose ney "adhik badey bulgaria" key liye apani yojanaon mein pragati kii. 
1877 mein roose-turkey yuddh key shuru honey key saath raajneetik sthiti badal gaee; grees ney abb sainya kaarravaai kii sambhavana kii or badhana shuru curr diyaa. yahaan taka kii raajaa george ney bhee, angrejon seey nirash hocker, ack adhik gatishil neeti kaa samarthan karna shuru curr diyaa. haalaanki, jaba taka yunani sarkaar ney thessaly parr aakraman key liye apani senaa koo jutaaya, taba taka vidroh shuru hoe gayaa. 
epirus, thessaly aur macedonia koo haraaya gayaa thaa; kewal crete mein vidroh jaari rhaa; aur russie aur ottoman yuddhaviram parr baatchit curr rahey they.
saine stephano aur berlin kii congress.
saine stephano kii sandhi ney yunan mein akrosh paida curr diyaa. nae bulgarian raajya ney naa kewal una kshetron koo hassil kiya jinn parr yunan kaa daavaa thaa aur kuchh hudd taka yunani bahusankhyak loga rahate they, balki roose dwara samarthit nae badey bulgaria ney yunani aparivartaniyata key antim lakshyah constantinople key maarg mein ack bhautik baadha utpann kii. sandhi kii sharton ney britten koo bhee chaunka diyaa, aur british aadhikarik soch mein ack modd laaya, ottoman samrajya kii kshetriya akhandata key siddhant seey door-jise abb sthaayi naheen maanaa jaataa thaa-roose dwara praayojit paine-slavism key khilaf ack gadh key roop mein grees kaa upayog karane kii or. usee samay angrej yunani-ottoman sambandhon koo sucharu banaane mein ruchi rakhate they, aur sambhavatah yunani-ottoman sahyog kaa aadhar banaane mein ruchi rakhate they; haalaanki, yunan mein janata kii manodasha koo dekhate hue, iss tarah key iraade avaastavik they, aur angrejon ney sujhaav denaa shuru curr diyaa kii grees koo, ack puraskar key roop mein, kshetriya kshatipurti mill sakati haye. raajaa george ney halliacommon-aaos rekha kaa sujhaav diyaa, lekin haalaanki british sarkaar ney kalamas nadee-pineos rekha key aadhar parr kuchh riyaayaton key baare mein ottomans koo bataana shuru curr diyaa, lekin usane grees key prati koee bhee dridh pratibaddhata karane seey bhee incar curr diyaa.
ack baar jaba berlin kii congress shuru hui, tou britten ney dou mukhya uddeshyon kaa peechha kiyaah bulgaria koo cumm karna (aur isake parinamswarup balcon mein russie prabhaav) aur cyprus koo chhodana. british kootneeti kaa uddeshya yunani daavon kaa upayog poorv koo praapt karane key saadhan key roop mein karna thaa, aur isaliye pahale seey hii congress key pahale satra mein, lord salisbury ney "turkey key yunani praanton"-crete, thessaly, epirus, macedonia aur thress seey sambandhit mamalon key liye ack yunani pratinidhi key nimantran kaa prastaav rakhaa. roose key kadey virodh kaa saamana karate hue, anta mein ack francisi prastaav koo apanaaya gayaa jisamen grees koo kewal apane aspas key kshetron-epirus aur thessaly-key saath-saath crate seey sambandhit satron mein bhaag lene key liye aamantrit kiya jaayega. yunani pratinidhi, theodoros dirbienis koo epirus aur thessaly key saath-saath crete kaa daavaa karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa. unhein una shaktiyon kaa samarthan karna thaa joe macedonia aur thress mein bulgarian vistaar kaa virodh karati theen, aur yadi sambhav hoe tou mahaan shakti key tatvavdhan mein "doorasth yunani praanton" key liye kissy prakaar kii swaayatta praapt karna thaa. samos kii swaayatt riyasat sahit purvi agean key dweepon kaa mamla bilkul bhee naheen uthaaya jaanaa thaa. dirbiennis aur berlin mein yunani rajdoot alexandros rijos rangavis ney 29 juuna koo yunani tark prastut kiye. haalaanki germany aur roose thessaly aur crate key samarpan key paksh mein they, lekin yunani daave shaktiyon key beach parde key peechhe key vyaapaar kaa mamla bunn gaye; angrejon ney vishesh roop seey iss mamle kaa upayog sultan parr cyprus koo britten koo saunpane parr hastakshar karane key liye dabaav banaane key liye kiya, jisase anyatha yunani daavon key peechhe apana samarthan fenkane kii dhamki millie. sultan key anupaalan key baad, british pratinidhimandal ney yunani daavon key prati shatrutapurna rukh apanaaya. yeh kewal francisi videsh mantri, villium waddington kaa samarthan thaa jisane mamle koo jeevit rakhaa. anta mein, 5 julaai 1878 key terahaven protocol mein, shaktiyon ney port seey grees key saath thessaly aur epirus mein apani seema key ack nae seemankan parr sahmat honey kaa ahwan kiya. shaktiyon ney kalaam-pineos rekha kaa prastaav rakhaa, lekin iss mamle koo jaanboojhkar aspasht aur donon sarkaaron key vivek parr chhod diyaa; kewal tabhi jaba baad vaalaa kissy samjhaute parr naheen aataa thaa, unake beach madhyasthata karane kii shaktiyan.
haalaanki, ottoman sarkaar ney protocol kii sharton koo lagu karane seey incar curr diyaa, jisase grees aur samrajya yuddh key kagaar parr pahunch gaye. anta mein, mahaan shaktiyon ney grees parr usake daavon koo cumm karane key liye dabaav daala.
sandhi.
24 maee 1881 koo, mahaan shaktiyon aur ottoman samrajya ney ack sandhi parr hastakshar kiye jisane naee greco-turkey seema koo antim roop diyaa, jisase thessaly key adhikansh hisse (alasona kshetra koo chhodkar) aur arta key aspas key kshetra koo grees mein shamil kiya gayaa. anya upaayon key alawa, yunan ney dhaarmik pehchaan aur swaayatta key saath-saath thessaly mein badee muslim aabaadi (sultan aur ottoman shaahi parivaar kii niji sampatti sahit) kii sampatti kaa sammaan karane kaa sankalp liya. sandhi kii pushti grees aur ottoman sarkaar dwara 2 julaai koo kii gaee thee, jaba iss parr constantinople key liye yunani rajdoot aur ottoman key rashtrapati dwara hastakshar kiye gaye they.