
aim. tii. aar.

rapamycin (aim. tii. aar.) kaa standhari lakshya, jise rapamycin kaa yantriki lakshya bhee kahaa jaataa haye, aur kabhi-kabhi aff. key. 506-binding protein 12-rapamycin-associated protein 1 (aff. aar. pee. 1) kahaa jaataa haye, ack kinnez haye jise manushyon mein "aim. tii. aar." jeane dwara kootbaddh kiya jaataa haye. aim. tii. aar. protein kinnes key phosphatidilinositol 3-kinnes-sambandhit kinnes parivaar kaa sadasya haye.
aim. tii. aar. anya proteins key saath judataa haye aur dou alag-alag protein parisaron, aim. tii. aar. jatil 1 aur aim. tii. aar. jatil 2 key mukhya ghatak key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, joe vibhinn koshikiya prakriyaon koo niyantrit karate hain. vishesh roop seey, donon parisaron key ack mukhya ghatak key roop mein, aim. tii. aar. ack serin/threonin protein kinnez key roop mein kaary kartaa haye joe koshika key vikas, koshika prasaar, koshika gatishilata, koshika uttarjeevita, protein sanshleshan, autofaggy aur pratilekhan koo niyantrit kartaa haye. aim. tii. aar. see. 2 key ack mukhya ghatak key roop mein, aim. tii. aar. ack tyrosine protein kinnez key roop mein bhee kaary kartaa haye joe insulin receptors aur insulin jaise vikas kaarak 1 receptors key sakriyan koo badhaava detaa haye. aim. tii. aar. see. 2 koo actin cytoskeleton key niyantran aur rakharkhaav mein bhee shamil kiya gayaa haye.
khoj.
rapa nui (easter dweep-chilly).
toor kaa adhyayan 1960 key dashak mein easter dweep (jise dweep key nivaasiyon dwara rapa nui key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) key ack abhiyaan key saath utpann huaa, jiska lakshya sambhaavit chikitsiya kshamata key saath paudhon aur mitty seey praakritik utpaadon kii pehchaan karna thaa. 1972 mein, suren sehal ney mitty key bacteria "streptomyces hygroscopicus" seey ack chhote anu kii pehchaan kii, jise unhone shuddh kiya aur shuru mein shaktishali antifungal gatividhi honey kii soochana dee. unhone isake mool srot aur gatividhi (segal aitt all) koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue uchit roop seey iska naam rapamycin rakhaa.1975). haalaanki, praarambhik pareekshan seey pataa chalaa kii rapamycin mein shaktishali pratirakshaatmak aur cytostatic cancer-rodhi gatividhi bhee thee. rapamycin koo shuru mein 1980 key dashak taka dawa udyog seey mahatvapurna ruchi naheen millie, jaba whithe-airust ney pratiraksha pranali parr rapamycin key prabhaav kii aage kii jaanch karane key liye segal key prayason kaa samarthan kiya. yeh antatah gurde pratyaropan key baad ack pratiraksha damnak key roop mein isaki fda manjuri key liye prerit kartaa haye. haalaanki, isaki fda manjuri seey pahale, rapamycin kaise kaam kartaa haye, yeh poori tarah seey agyaat rhaa.
baad kaa itihas.
toor aur aim. tii. aar. kii khoj joseph hetman, raav mova aur michael aine dwara praakritik utpaad rapamycin key swatantra adhyayanon seey upaji haye. 1991 mein holl; david aim dwara. sabatini, heady erdjument-bromage, mairi lui, paul tempst aur soloman aich. 1994 mein snider; aur candes jey dwara. sabers, mairi aim. martin, gregory jey. brune, josie aim. williams, francis jey. dumont, gregory viderrect aur robbert tii. abraham ney 1995 mein. 1991 mein, khameer mein kaam karate hue, holl aur sahyogiyon ney torr 1 aur torr 2 jeane kii pehchaan kii. 1993 mein, robbert kaifarki, george livy aur unake sahayogi, aur genet kunz, michael aine. holl, aur sahyogiyon ney swatantra roop seey jeane kaa pratiroopan kiya joe kavak mein rapamycin kii vishaaktata mein madhyasthata karate hain, jise toor/drr jeane key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, standhaariyon mein aff. key. bee. pee. 12-rapamycin parisar kaa aanvik lakshya gyaat naheen thaa. 1994 mein, shodhkarta stuart ell kii prayogshalaon mein kaam curr rahey they. shreeber, soloman aich. snider aur robbert tii. abraham ney swatantra roop seey ack protein kii khoj kii joe seedhe fkbp12-rapamycin key saath baatchit kartaa haye, joe khameer toor/drr jeane key liye apani samroopata key kaaran mtr key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa.
rapamycin koshika chakr key jee1 charan mein kavak gatividhi koo rokta haye. standhaariyon mein, yeh tii-lymphocytes mein jee1 seey aiss charan sankraman koo avaruddh karke pratiraksha pranali koo dabaa detaa haye. iss prakaar, anga pratyaropan key baad iska upayog ack pratirakshi daman key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. 1987 mein sanrachanaatmak roop seey sambandhit pratirakshaatmak praakritik utpaad aff. key. 506 kii khoj key baad rapamycin mein ruchi koo navinikrit kiya gayaa thaa. 1989-90 mein, aff. key. 506 aur rapamycin koo kramshah tii-cell receptor (tii. see. aar.) aur aaee. ell.-2 receptor signalling maargon koo rokane key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. dou praakritik utpaadon kaa upayog efke506-aur rapamycin-binding protein kii khoj key liye kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen fkbp12 shamil thaa, aur yeh pramaan pradaan karane key liye kii fkbp12-efke506 aur fkbp12-rapamycin vishisht cellular karyon koo lakshit karane vaale genn-off-function tantra key madhyam seey kaary curr sakate hain. inn jaanchon mein fraansis dumont aur nolan sigal dwara merck mein kiye gaye pramukh adhyayan shamil they joe yeh dikhaane mein yogdan dete hain kii efke506 aur rapamycin parasparik virodhi key roop mein vyavhaar karate hain. inn adhyayanon ney aff. key. bee. pee. 12 koo rapamycin key sambhaavit lakshya key roop mein shamil kiya, lekin sujhaav diyaa kii parisar yaantrik cascade key ack anya tatva key saath baatchit curr sakata haye.
1991 mein, calcinurin kii pehchaan fkbp12-efke506 key lakshya key roop mein kii gaee thee. fkbp12-rapamycin kaa yeh taba taka rahasyamay rhaa jaba taka kii khameer mein aanuvanshik aur aanvik adhyayanon ney fkbp12 koo rapamycin key lakshya key roop mein sthaapit naheen kiya, aur 1991 aur 1993 mein torr1 aur torr2 koo fkbp12-rapamycin key lakshya key roop mein shamil kiya, jisake baad 1994 mein adhyayanon ney swatantra roop seey kaam karate hue, stanpaayi ootakon mein amter kinnez koo isake pratyaksh lakshya key roop mein paaya. aim. tii. aar. key anukram vishleshan seey pataa chalaa kii yeh repamycin 1 aur 2 (torr 1 aur torr 2) jeane key khameer lakshya dwara kootbaddh protein kaa pratyaksh orthologue haye, joe joseph heatman, raav mova aur michael aine hain. holl ney agast 1991 aur maee 1993 mein pehchaan kii thee. swatantra roop seey, george livy aur sahyogiyon ney baad mein octuber 1993 mein prakaashit adhyayanon mein ack hii jeane kii soochana dee, jise unhone "pramukh rapamycin pratirodh 1 aur 2 (dee. aar. aar. 1 aur dee. aar. aar. 2)" kahaa.
protein, jise abb aim. tii. aar. kahaa jaataa haye, koo mool roop seey stuart ell dwara rapp naam diyaa gayaa thaa. david aim dwara shrabber aur raft 1. sabatini; "frap1" kaa upayog manushyon mein isake aadhikarik jeane prateek key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. inn alag-alag naamon key kaaran, aim. tii. aar., jiska upayog pahali baar robbert tii dwara kiya gayaa thaa. abraham, koo aim. tii. aar. maarg parr kaam karane vaale vaigyaanikon key samudaay dwara protein koo sandarbhit karane key liye aur joe heatman, raav mova aur mike holl dwara repamycin key lakshya, torre naam key khameer mein torre protein kii mool khoj koo shraddhanjali dene key liye teji seey apanaaya gayaa thaa. torr kii khoj mool roop seey 1991 mein besal, switzerland mein biogentrum aur sandos pharmaceuticals mein kii gaee thee, aur torr naam iss khoj koo aur shraddhanjali detaa haye, kyonki german mein torr kaa arth haye dwaar yaa dwaar, aur besal shahar koo ack baar shahar mein pravesh dwaar key saath ack deewaar dwara ring kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen pratishthit spellenter bhee shamil thaa. "aim. tii. aar." kaa arth shuru mein "rapamycin kaa standhari lakshya" thaa, lekin "aim" kaa arth baad mein "yantriki" mein badal diyaa gayaa. isi tarah, baad kii khojon key saath zebra machhali toor kaa naam zter rakhaa gayaa, arabidopsis thaliana toor kaa naam ettor rakhaa gayaa, aur drosophila toor kaa naam deater rakhaa gayaa. 2009 mein frap1 jeane kaa naam aadhikarik taur parr hyugo jeane namkaran samiti (aich. jee. aine. see.) dwara aim. tii. aar. mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa, joe rapamycin key yaantrik lakshya key liye khadaa haye.
torr kii khoj aur baad mein aim. tii. aar. kii pehchaan ney aanvik aur shaaririk adhyayan key liye dwaar khol diyaa jise abb aim. tii. aar. maarg kahaa jaataa haye aur rasayanik jeev vigyaan key kshetra key vikas parr utprerak prabhaav padaa, jahaan chhote anuon kaa upayog jeev vigyaan kii jaanch key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
kaary.
aim. tii. aar. insulin, vikas kaarak (jaise kii aaee. jee. aff.-1 aur aaee. jee. aff.-2) aur emino acid sahit oopar kii or key maargon seey input koo ekikrit kartaa haye. aim. tii. aar. koshikiya poshak tatva, oxygen aur oorjaa key star koo bhee mahsoos kartaa haye. aim. tii. aar. maarg stanpaayi chayapachaya aur shareer vigyaan kaa ack kendriya niyaamak haye, jisamen yakrit, maanspeshiyon, safed aur bhoore rung key vasaa ootak aur mastishk sahit ootakon key kaary mein mahatvapurna bhoomikaaen hain, aur yeh madhumeh, motapa, avasaad aur kuchh cancer jaisi maanav beemariyon mein aniyamit haye. rapamycin apane antahkoshikiya receptor fkbp12 key saath judkar aim. tii. aar. koo rokta haye. fkbp12-rapamycin parisar seedhe aim. tii. aar. key fkbp12-rapamycin binding (frb) domen seey judataa haye, jisase isaki gatividhi baadhit hoti haye.
paudhon mein aim. tii. aar..
paudhe rapamycin (aim. tii. aar.) key yaantrik lakshya koo vyakt karate hain aur unamen ack toor kinnez complexes hotaa haye. paudhon mein, kewal tork1 complexes maujood hotaa haye, joe rapamycin key standhari lakshya key vipareet hotaa haye jisamen tork2 complexes bhee hotaa haye. paadap prajaatiyon mein protein kinnez aur aff. key. bee. pee.-rapamycin binding (aff. aar. bee.) domen mein toor protein hotey hain joe standhaariyon mein aim. tii. aar. key samaan amino acid anukram saajha karate hain.
paudhon mein aim. tii. aar. kii bhoomika
toor kinnez complexes paudhon key chayapachaya mein bhoomika nibhaane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. tork1 parisar taba chaalu hoe jaataa haye jaba paudhe jeevit rahane key liye uchit paryavaraniya sthitiyon mein rahate hain. ack baar sakriya honey key baad, paadap koshikaon koo vishesh anabolic pratikriyaon seey gujarna padata haye. inmein paudhe kaa vikas, mrinaa kaa anuvaad aur paudhe key bheetar koshikaon kaa vikas shamil haye. haalaanki, tork1 jatil sakriyan autofaggy jaisi catabolic prakriyaon koo honey seey rokta haye. paudhon mein toor kinnez sanket koo vriddhavastha, phool, jarh aur patte key vikas, bhrunjanan aur paudhe kii jarh topi key oopar maristem sakriyan mein sahaayata karane key liye paaya gayaa haye. aim. tii. aar. paudhon mein bhroon ootak key vikas mein bhee atyadhik shamil paaya jaataa haye.
parisar.
aim. tii. aar. sanrachanaatmak roop seey dou alag-alag parisaron kaa utprerak upa-ikai haih aim. tii. aar. see. 1 aur aim. tii. aar. see. 2. dou parisar vibhinn upkoshikiya dibbon mein sthaaniyakrit hotey hain, iss prakaar unake sakriyan aur kaary koo prabhaavit karate hain. aar. ee. bee. dwara sakriya honey parr, aim. tii. aar. see. 1 lysosome satah parr regulator-raig parisar mein sthaaniyakrit hoe jaataa haye jahan yeh phir paryaapt emino acid kii upasthiti mein sakriya hoe jaataa haye.
aim. tii. aar. see. 1.
aim. tii. aar. complexes 1 (aim. tii. aar. see. 1) aim. tii. aar., aim. tii. aar. (raptor) key niyaamak-sambaddh protein, seik13 protein 8 (aim. ell. aiss. tii. 8) key saath standhari ghaatak aur gair-core ghatakon praas 40 aur deptor seey banaa haye. yeh jatil ack poshak tatva/oorjaa/redox samvedak key roop mein kaary kartaa haye aur protein sanshleshan koo niyantrit kartaa haye. aim. tii. aar. see. 1 kii gatividhi rapamycin, insulin, vikas karakon, phosphatidic acid, kuchh emino acid aur unake vyutpann (ee.jee.,-lucine aur β-hydroxy β-methylbutric acid), yaantrik uttejana, aur oxidative tanaav.
aim. tii. aar. see. 2.
aim. tii. aar. complexes 2 (aim. tii. aar. see. 2) aim. tii. aar., aim. tii. aar. (richter) key rapamycin-asamvedansheel saathi, aim. ell. aiss. tii. 8, aur standhari tanaav-sakriya protein kinnez interacting protein 1 (aim. aiss. aaee. aine. 1) seey banaa haye. aim. tii. aar. see. 2 koo aff-actin tanaav tantuon, paxillin, roa, rack 1, see. dee. see. 42 aur protein kinage see. aeye. (pee. key. see. aeye.) kii uttejana key madhyam seey actin cytoskeleton key ack mahatvapurna niyaamak key roop mein kaary karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye. aim. tii. aar. see. 2 bhee serin/threonin protein kinnez aeye. key. tii./pee. key. bee. koo serin avashesh sair 473 parr phosphorylate kartaa haye, iss prakaar chayapachaya aur uttarjeevita koo prabhaavit kartaa haye. aim. tii. aar. see. 2 dwara aeye. key. tii. key syrine avashesh sair 473 kaa phosphorylation pee. dee. key. 1 dwara threonin avashesh thrai308 parr aeye. key. tii. phosphorylation koo uttejit kartaa haye aur poorna aeye. key. tii. sakriyan kii or leey jaataa haye. isake alawa, aim. tii. aar. see. 2 tyrosine protein kinnez gatividhi pradarshit kartaa haye aur phosphorylate kramshah tyrosine avasheshon tyre 1131/1136 aur tyre 1146/1151 parr insulin jaise vikas kaarak 1 receptor (aaee. jee. aff.-1aar) aur insulin receptor (aaee. aiss. aar.) koo pradarshit kartaa haye, jisase aaee. jee. aff.-aaee. aar. aur aaee. aiss. aar. kii poorna sakriyata hoti haye.
rapamycin dwara nishedh.
rapamycin aim. tii. aar. see. 1 koo rokta haye, aur yeh dawa key adhikansh laabhkaari prabhaav (pashu adhyayanon mein jeevan-avadhi vistaar sahit) pradaan kartaa haye. rapamycin kaa aim. tii. aar. see. 2 parr adhik jatil prabhaav padata haye, joe ise lambe samay taka sampark mein rahane key dauran kewal kuchh koshika prakaron mein rokta haye. aim. tii. aar. see. 2 kaa vyavadhaan madhumeh jaise lakshan paida kartaa haye joe cumm glucose sahishnuta aur insulin key prati asamvedansheelta kaa kaaran banata haye.
jeane hataane key prayog.
aim. tii. aar. see. 2 sanket maarg aim. tii. aar. see. 1 sanket maarg kii tulanaa mein cumm paribhaashit haye. aim. tork parisaron key ghatakon key karyon kaa adhyayan nockdown aur nockout kaa upayog karke kiya gayaa haye aur nimnalikhit phenotype kaa utpaadan karane key liye paaya gayaa haih
naidaanik mahatva.
umr badhane luggy.
torr gatividhi mein kamee seey jeevan kaal mein vriddhi paaee gaee haye. serevisia, "see. elegans, "aur" dee. melanogaster. aim. tii. aar. avarodhak rapamycin kii pushti choohon mein jivankal badhaane key liye kii gaee haye.
yeh parikalpana kii gaee haye kii kuchh aahar niyam, jaise kii calori pratibandh aur methionine pratibandh, aim. tii. aar. gatividhi koo cumm karke jivankal vistaar kaa kaaran banate hain. kuchh adhyayanon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii umr badhane key dauran aim. tii. aar. sanket badh sakata haye, cumm seey cumm edipose ootak jaise vishisht ootakon mein, aur rapamycin iss vriddhi koo avaruddh karke aanshik roop seey kaary curr sakata haye. ack vaikalpik siddhant aim. tii. aar. signalling virodhi pleotropy kaa ack udaaharan haye, aur jabaki uchch aim. tii. aar. signalling praarambhik jeevan key dauran achchha haye, ise vriddhavastha mein anuchit roop seey uchch star parr banaae rakhaa jaataa haye. calori pratibandh aur methionine pratibandh lucine aur methionine sahit aavashyak emino acid key star koo seemit karke aanshik roop seey kaary curr sakate hain, joe aim. tii. aar. key shaktishali sakriyak hain. choohe key mastishk mein lucine key prashaasan koo hypothalamus mein aim. tii. aar. maarg key sakriyan key madhyam seey bhojan kaa sevan aur shareer key vajan koo cumm karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye.
umr badhane key mukt mool siddhant key anusaar, pratikriyaasheel oxygen prajaatiyan mitochondrial protein koo nuksan pahunchaati hain aur aeye. tii. pee. utpaadan mein kamee laati hain. baad mein, aeye. tii. pee. samvedansheel aeye. aim. pee. key. key madhyam seey, aim. tii. aar. maarg baadhit hotaa haye aur aeye. tii. pee.-khapat protein sanshleshan koo cumm kiya jaataa haye, kyonki aim. tii. aar. see. 1 ribosome koo sakriya karane vaale phosphorylation cascade kii shuruat kartaa haye. isaliye, kshatigrast protein kaa anupaat badh jaataa haye. isake alawa, aim. tii. aar. see. 1 kaa vyavadhaan seedhe mitochondrial shwasan koo rokta haye. umr badhane kii prakriya parr yeye sakaratmak pratikriyaen surakshaatmak tantra dwara pratihat kii jaati hainh aim. tii. aar. gatividhi mein kamee (anya karakon key beach) autofaggy key madhyam seey nishkriya koshikiya ghatakon koo hataane koo niyantrit karati haye.
aim. tii. aar. senacence-associated secretory phenotype (aiss. aiss. pee.) kaa ack pramukh aarambhakarta haye. interleukin 1 alfa (il1a) sannyasi koshikaon kii satah parr paaya jaataa haye jahan yeh nf-κb key saath ack sakaratmak pratikriya loop key kaaran saag karakon key utpaadan mein yogdan detaa haye. il1aeye key liye aim. aar. aine. aeye. kaa anuvaad aim. tii. aar. gatividhi parr atyadhik nirbhar haye. aim. tii. aar. gatividhi seey aaee. ell. 1. aeye. kaa star badh jaataa haye, joe mapcapke2 dwara madhyasthata kii jaati haye. jaid. aff. pee. 36ell. 1 kaa aim. tii. aar. avrodh iss protein koo kaee ghatakon key ksharan pratilekhon seey rokta haye.
cancer.
aim. tii. aar. sanket kaa adhik sakriya honah tumour kii shuruat aur vikas mein mahatvapurna yogdan detaa haye aur aim. tii. aar. gatividhi koo stun, prostate, fefde, melanoma, mootrashay, mastishk aur gurde key carcinoma sahit kaee prakaar key cancer mein viniyamit paaya gayaa. samvaidhaanik sakriyan key kaee kaaran hain. sabse aam tumour suppressor "pettin" jeane mein utparivartan hain. pee. tii. aine. phosphatus aim. tii. aar. key ack upstream prabhaavak, pee. aaee. 3. key. key prabhaav mein hastakshep key madhyam seey aim. tii. aar. sanket koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit kartaa haye. isake alawa, paaee3key yaa eketi kii badhee hui gatividhi key parinamswarup kaee cancers mein aim. tii. aar. gatividhi koo viniyamit kiya jaataa haye. isi tarah, downstream aim. tii. aar. prabhaavakon 4ee-bee. pee. 1, aiss. 6key. 1, aiss. 6key. 2 aur ee. aaee. aff. 4ee. kii atee-abhivyakti kharaab cancer purvanuman kii or leey jaati haye. isake alawa, tii. aiss. see. protein mein utparivartan joe aim. tii. aar. kii gatividhi koo rokta haye, tuberus sclerosis complexes naamak sthiti kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, joe saumya ghaavon key roop mein pradarshit hotaa haye aur gurde kii koshika carcinoma key jokhim koo badhaata haye.
aim. tii. aar. gatividhi mein vriddhi koo koshika chakr kii pragati koo badhaava dene aur mukhya roop seey protein sanshleshan parr isake prabhaav key kaaran koshika prasaar koo badhaane key liye dikhaaya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, sakriya aim. tii. aar. autofaggy koo rokkar apratyaksh roop seey tumour key vikas kaa samarthan kartaa haye. aich. aaee. aff. 1aeye. key anuvaad koo badhaakar aur angiogenesis kaa samarthan karke oxygen aur poshak tatvon key saath carcinoma koshikaon kii aapoorti mein rachanaatmak roop seey sakriya aim. tii. aar. kaary kartaa haye. aim. tii. aar. cancer koshikaon key ack anya chayapachaya anukoolan mein bhee sahaayata kartaa haye taaki unaki badhee hui vikas darr-glycolytic chayapachaya kii sakriyata kaa samarthan kiya jaa sakey. aeye. key. tii. 2, aim. tii. aar. kaa ack substrate, vishesh roop seey aim. tii. aar. see. 2 kaa, glycolytic enzyme pee. key. aim. 2 kii abhivyakti koo niyantrit kartaa haye iss prakaar warberg prabhaav mein yogdan detaa haye.
kendriya tantrika tantra vikaar/mastishk kaary.
autism.
aim. tii. aar. koo autism spectrum vikaaron mein uttejak synapse key 'chhantai' tantra kii viphalata mein fansaaya gayaa haye.
alzheimer roga.
aim. tii. aar. signalling kaee pahaluon mein alzheimer roga (aeye. dee.) vikriti key saath pratichhed kartaa haye, joe roga kii pragati mein ack yogadankarta key roop mein isaki sambhaavit bhoomika kaa sujhaav detaa haye. samanya taur parr, nishkarsh vigyaapan mastishk mein aim. tii. aar. sanket atee sakriyata pradarshit karate hain. udaaharan key liye, maanav vigyaapan mastishk key postmortem adhyayanon seey pettin, act, aiss6key aur aim. tii. aar. mein apkramit honey kaa pataa chalata haye. aim. tii. aar. sanket ghulansheel amyloid beeta (aeye. bee. aeye.) aur taau protein kii upasthiti seey nikatata seey sambandhit prateet hotaa haye, joe kramshah roga key dou lakshan, aeye. bee. aeye. plake aur neurofibrillary tengal koo jodate hain aur banaate hain. inn vitro adhyayanon ney aeye. bee. aeye. koo pee. aaee. 3key/aeye. key. tii. maarg kaa ack sakriyak dikhaaya haye, joe badale mein aim. tii. aar. koo sakriya kartaa haye. isake alawa, aine2key koshikaon parr aaign lagaane seey pee70aiss6key kii abhivyakti badh jaati haye, aim. tii. aar. kaa ack downstream lakshya joe neurons mein uchch abhivyakti key liye jaanaa jaataa haye joe antatah neurofibrillary tengal vikasit kartaa haye. cheeni hamster andashay koshikaaen 7piye2 parivarik vigyaapan utparivartan key saath sankramit bhee niyantranon kii tulanaa mein badhee hui aim. tii. aar. gatividhi pradarshit karati hain, aur atee sakriyata koo gaama-gupt avarodhak kaa upayog karke avaruddh kiya jaataa haye. inn inn vitro adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii aeye. bee. aeye. sandrata badhaane seey aim. tii. aar. sanket badhata haye; haalaanki, kaafee badey, cytotoxic aeye. bee. aeye. sandrata seey aim. tii. aar. sanket mein kamee aaney kii sambhavana haye.
inn vitro mein dekhe gaye detta key anuroop, aim. tii. aar. gatividhi aur sakriya pee. 70aiss. 6key. koo niyantran kii tulanaa mein vigyaapan key pashu model key prantstha aur hippocampus mein kaafee vriddhi dikhaai gaee haye. vigyaapan key pashu model mein aeye. bee. aeye. kaa aushadhiya yaa aanuvanshik nishkasana samanya aim. tii. aar. gatividhi mein vyavadhaan koo samaapt kartaa haye, joe aim. tii. aar. sanket mein aeye. bee. aeye. kii pratyaksh bhagidari kii or ishara kartaa haye. isake alawa, samanya choohon key hippocampy mein ack beeta oligomer koo inject karke, aim. tii. aar. atee sakriyata dekhi jaati haye. vigyaapan kii sangyanatmak haani kii visheshta praas-40 key phosphorylation dwara madhyasthata kii jaati haye, joe phosphorylated honey parr aim. tii. aar. atee sakriyata seey alag hoe jaati haye aur isaki anumati detee haye; praas-40 phosphorylation koo rokane seey beeta-prerit aim. tii. aar. atee sakriyata koo rokaa jaa sakata haye. inn nishkarshon koo dekhate hue, aim. tii. aar. sanket maarg vigyaapan mein beeta-prerit vishaaktata kaa ack tantra prateet hotaa haye.
taau protein kaa neurofibrillary tengal mein hyperphosphorylation vigyaapan kii ack pehchaan haye. pee70aiss6key sakriyan koo badhe hue phosphorylation aur cumm kiye gaye defosphorylation key madhyam seey ulajhan gathan key saath-saath aim. tii. aar. atee sakriyata koo badhaava dene key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye. yeh bhee prastaavit kiya gayaa haye kii aim. tii. aar. taau aur anya proteins key anuvaad koo badhaakar taau rogvigyaan mein yogdan detaa haye.
synaptic plasticity seekhane aur smriti mein ack pramukh yogadankarta haye, dou prakriyaaen joe vigyaapan rogiyon mein gambhir roop seey baadhit hain. translational controll, yaa protein homeostasis kaa rakharkhaav, tantrika plasticity key liye aavashyak dikhaaya gayaa haye aur aim. tii. aar. dwara viniyamit kiya jaataa haye. aim. tii. aar. gatividhi key madhyam seey protein key adhik aur cumm utpaadan donon hii seekhane aur smriti mein kamee mein yogdan karate hain. isake alawa, yeh dekhate hue kii aim. tii. aar. kii adhik sakriyata key parinamswarup honey vaali kamee koo rapamycin key saath upchaar key madhyam seey cumm kiya jaa sakata haye, yeh sambhav haye kii aim. tii. aar. synaptic plasticity key madhyam seey sangyanatmak karyapranali koo prabhaavit karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye. neurodegeneration mein aim. tii. aar. gatividhi key liye aage key saboot haal key nishkarshon seey aatey hain joe pradarshit karate hain kii ee. aaee. aff. 2α-pee., aim. tii. aar. maarg kaa ack upstream lakshya, nirantar anuvadatmak avrodh key madhyam seey prion rogon mein koshika mrityu kaa madhyasthata kartaa haye. 
kuchh sakshya aeye. bee. aeye. nikasi koo cumm karane mein aim. tii. aar. kii bhoomika kii or bhee ishara karate hain. aim. tii. aar. autofaggy kaa ack nakaratmak niyaamak haye; isaliye, aim. tii. aar. sanket mein atee sakriyata seey vigyaapan mastishk mein ack beeta nikasi cumm honey chaahiye. autofaggy mein vyavadhaan protein galat tareeke seey modane vaali beemariyon mein rogjanan kaa ack sambhaavit srot hoe sakata haye, jisamen vigyaapan bhee shamil haye. shikaar key roga key choohe key model kaa upayog karane vaale adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii rapamycin key saath upchaar shikaar key samuchchay koo hataane mein sahaayata kartaa haye. shayed yahee upchaar beeta jamaa koo saaf karane mein bhee upayogi hoe sakata haye.
lymphoproliferative roga.
kuchh lymphoproliferative rogon jaise autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (alps), multicentric casselman roga aur post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld) mein atee sakriya aim. tii. aar. maargon kii pehchaan kii gaee haye.
protein sanshleshan aur koshika vriddhi.
shaaririk vyayam aur kuchh amino acid yaa amino acid vyutpannon key antargrahan donon kii pratikriya mein manushyon mein myofibrillar maanspeshiyon key protein sanshleshan aur kankal maanspeshiyon key atishoth key liye aim. tii. aar. see. 1 sakriyan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. kankal kii maanspeshiyon mein aim. tii. aar. see. 1 sanket key lagaatar nishkriya honey seey vriddhavastha mein maanspeshiyon key barbad honey, cancer cachexia aur shaaririk nishkriyata seey maanspeshiyon key ksheen honey key dauran maanspeshiyon key dravyamaan aur taakat key nuksan kii suvidha hoti haye. aim. tii. aar. see. 2 sakriyan vibhinn mouse neuro2aeye koshikaon mein neurite key vikas mein madhyasthata karane key liye dikhaai detaa haye. beeta-hydroxy beeta-methylbuterate dwara prefrontal neurons mein rook-rook curr aim. tii. aar. sakriyan jaanvaron mein dendritic chhantai seey judey ayu-sambandhit sangyanatmak girawat koo rokta haye, joe manushyon mein bhee dekhi jaane vaali ack ghatana haye.
lysosomal kshati aim. tii. aar. koo rokti haye aur autofaggy koo prerit karati haye.
sakriya aim. tii. aar. see. 1 lysosome parr sthit haye. aim. tii. aar. koo taba rokaa jaataa haye jaba lysosomal jhilli vibhinn bahirjaagiya yaa antarjaagiya agents dwara kshatigrast hoe jaati haye, jaise kii aakramankari bacteria, jhilli-pargamya rasayan joe parasaranatmak roop seey sakriya utpaad dete hain (iss prakaar kii chot koo jhilli-pargamya dipeptide agraduton kaa upayog karke model kiya jaa sakata haye joe lysosome mein bahulak hotey hain), amyloid protein samuchchay (alzheimer roga parr oopar key khand koo dekhein) aur urate chrystal aur kristaliya silika sahit cytoplasmic carbonic yaa acarbonic samavesh. lysosomal/endomembrane key baad aim. tii. aar. nishkriya honey kii prakriya koo protein complexes dwara madhyasthata kii jaati haye jise galter kahaa jaataa haye. galactor key dill mein galactin-8 hotaa haye, joe cytosolic lectin key beeta-galactoside binding super family kaa ack sadasya haye jise galactin kahaa jaataa haye, joe pariseeman endomembrane key lumenal paksh parr ujagar glycane seey bandhkar lysosomal jhilli kshati koo pahachaantaa haye. jhilli kshati key baad, galactin-8, joe aam taur parr homeostatic sthitiyon mein aim. tii. aar. key saath judataa haye, abb aim. tii. aar. key saath baatchit naheen kartaa haye, balki abb isake bajaay aiss. ell. see. 38aeye. 9, raiga/raig aur lamter 1 seey juda jaataa haye, joe regulator (lamter 1-5 complexes) gwanine nucleotide vinimay kaary koo rokta haye.-
toor samanya roop seey autofaggy kaa ack nakaratmak niyaamak haye, jiska sabse achchha adhyayan bhukhmari kii pratikriya key dauran kiya jaataa haye, joe ack chayapachaya pratikriya haye. halanki, lysosomal kshati key dauran, aim. tii. aar. avrodh apane gunavatta niyantran kaary mein autofaggy pratikriya koo sakriya kartaa haye, jisase lysophagy naamak prakriya hoti haye joe kshatigrast lysosome koo hataa detee haye. iss star parr ack aur galactin, galactin-3, kshatigrast lysosome key chayanaatmak autofaggy kaa margadarshan karane key liye trim16 key saath baatchit kartaa haye. trim16 anya parisaron key alk1 aur pramukh ghatakon (becklin 1 aur aeye. tii. jee. 16ell. 1) koo ikattha kartaa haye (becklin 1-vee. pee. aiss. 34-aeye. tii. jee. 14 aur aeye. tii. jee. 16 ell. 1-aeye. tii. jee. 5-aeye. tii. jee. 12) autofaggy kii shuruat karate hain, unamen seey kaee seedhe aim. tii. aar. key nakaratmak niyantran mein hain jaise kii all. key. 1-aeye. tii. jee. 13 parisar, yaa apratyaksh roop seey, jaise kii varg key ghatak jaise kii aaee. aaee. aaee. pee. 3key. (becklin 1, aeye. tii. jee. 14 aur vee. pee. aiss. 34) kyonki way ull. key. 1 dwara phosphorylation koo sakriya karane parr nirbhar karate hain jaba yeh aim. tii. aar. dwara baadhit naheen hotaa haye. yeye autofaggy-driving ghatak shaaririk aur karyatmak roop seey autophagosomal gathan key liye aavashyak sabhi prakriyaon koo ekikrit karane vaali ack dusare key saath shaaririk aur karyatmak roop seey judate hainh (i) ell. see. 3bee/gaibarap sanyugman machinary key saath ell. see. 3bee/gaibarap sanyugman machinary key saath ulk1-aeye. tii. jee. 13-aff. aaee. bee. 200/aar. bee. 1. see. see. 1 jatil sahayogi, aff. aaee. pee. 200/aar. bee. 1. see. 1 aur aeye. tii. jee. 16. see. 1 key beach pratyaksh baatchit key madhyam seey, (ii) ulk1-aeye. tii. jee. 13-aff. aaee. bee. 200/aar. bee. 1. see. see. 1 jatil ghatak bee. jee. 13 key harmon domen aur aeye. tii. jee. 14 key beach pratyaksh baatchit key madhyam seey ack dusare key saath judate hain, (iii) aeye. tii. jee. 16. ell. 1. aeye. tii. jee. aaee. pee. aaee. 3. pee. key saath antahkriya kartaa haye, joe kii pee
isake alawa, kaee prakaar kii sarvavyaapi ghatanaaen samanantar hain aur galactin-sanchaalit prakriyaon kaa poorak hainh trim 16-ulk 1-becklin-1 kaa sarvavyaapi inn parisaron koo sthir kartaa haye taaki oopar varnit autofaggy sakriyan koo badhaava diyaa jaa sakey. aeye. tii. jee. 16ell. 1 mein ubquitin key liye ack aantarik bandhan sambandh haye); jabaki glycoprotein-vishisht aff. bee. aiks. oh. 27-endoved ubquitin ligage dwara kaee kshati-ujagar glycosylated lysosomal jhilli protein jaise kii lamp1, lamp2, jee. aine. aiss./aine-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatage, tii. spain6/tetraspanin-6, pee. aiss. aeye. pee./prosaposin, aur tii. aim. ee. aim. 192/transmembrane protein 192, autophagic receptors jaise pee. 62/aiss. kyu. aiss. tii. aim. 1 key madhyam seey lysophagy key nishpaadan mein yogdan curr sakate hain, jise lysophagy key dauran bharti kiya jaataa haye, yaa anya karyon koo nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye.
scleroderma.
scleroderma, jise systemic sclerosis key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack purani systemic autoimmune bimari haye jisaki visheshta twacha ("derma") kii kathorta haye joe aantarik angon koo isake adhik gambhir roopon mein prabhaavit karati haye. aim. tii. aar. fibrotic rogon aur autoimmunity mein ack bhoomika nibhaata haye, aur scleroderma key upchaar key roop mein aim. tii. aar. see. maarg kii nakabandi kii jaanch kii jaa rahee haye.
upchaar key roop mein aim. tii. aar. avarodhak.
pratyaropan.
aim. tii. aar. avarodhak, ee.jee. rapamycin, pahale seey hii pratyaropan asweekriti koo rokane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye.
glycogen bhandaran roga.
kuchh lekhon mein bataaya gayaa haye kii rapamycin aim. tii. aar. see. 1 koo roque sakata haye taaki kankal kii maanspeshiyon mein jee. aiss. (glycogen synthes) key phosphorylation koo badhaaya jaa sakey. yeh khoj glycogen bhandaran roga key liye ack sambhaavit nae chikitsiya drishtikon kaa pratinidhitva karati haye jisamen maanspeshiyon mein glycogen sanchay shamil hotaa haye.
cancer-rodhi.
maanav cancer key upchaar mein dou praathamik aim. tii. aar. avarodhak, temsirolimus aur averolimus kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. aim. tii. aar. avrodhakon kaa upayog vibhinn prakaar key durbhavnaon key upchaar mein paaya gayaa haye, jisamen gurde kii koshika carcinoma (tempirolimus) aur agnashay kaa cancer, stun cancer aur gurde kii koshika carcinoma (averolimus) shamil hain. inn agents kaa puuraa tantra spasht naheen haye, lekin unhein tumour angiogenesis koo baadhit karke aur jee1/aiss sankraman kii haani kaa kaaran banaakar kaary karane key liye socha jaataa haye.
anty-aging.
aim. tii. aar. avarodhak alzheimer roga aur parkinsons roga jaisi neurodegenerative beemariyon sahit kaee ayu-sambandhit sthitiyon key ilaaj/roktham key liye upayogi hoe sakate hain. aim. tii. aar. avarodhak dectolysib aur averolimus key saath ack alpakaalik upchaar key baad, bujurgon (65 aur usase adhik umr key) mein, upchaarit vishayon mein ack varsh key dauran sankraman kii sankhya cumm hoe gaee thee.
epigalocatechin gallet (ee. jee. see. jee.), caffein, curcumin, berberin, quersettin, resveratrol aur terrostillbin sahit vibhinn praakritik yaugikon koo culture mein alag-alag koshikaon parr lagaane parr aim. tii. aar. koo rokane key liye bataaya gayaa haye. abhee taka koee uchch gunavatta vaalaa saboot maujood naheen haye kii yeye padaarth aim. tii. aar. signalling koo rokte hain yaa manushyon dwara aahar poorak key roop mein liye jaane parr jivankal badhaate hain, isake bavjood kii phal makkhiyon aur choohon jaise jaanvaron mein utsaahjanak parinam hotey hain. vibhinn pareekshan jaari hain.
antahkriyaaen.
rapamycin key yaantrik lakshya koo nimn key saath antahkriya karate hue dikhaaya gayaa haih

