
seema samasya (rajneeti vigyaan)

rajneeti vigyaan key kshetra mein, seema samasya rajneeti yaa swa-shaasit samudaayon kii vaidh seemaon koo nirdhaarit karane kii samasya haye. yahaan seemaon koo naa kewal bhaugolik arthon mein samajha jaataa haye, balki samudaay key sadasyon koo gair-sadasyon seey alag karane key samajik arth mein bhee samajha jaataa haye. vaikalpik roop seey, ise atmanirnaya key saamoohik adhikaar key saath vyaktiyon key loktaantrik adhikaaron key milan kii samasya key roop mein maanaa jaa sakata haye-ack vyakti key loktaantrik samavesh key adhikaar koo ack samudaay key apane samvidhaan koo nirdhaarit karane mein vyaktiyon koo baahar karane key adhikaar key saath santulit karane kii samasya.
shabd kaa itihas.
seema samasya" shabd americi raajneetik vaigyaanik fredrick jee dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa. 1983 mein wheelen ney nott kiya kii loktantra kii avadharana "hamesha vyaktiyon key ack nirdhaarit samudaay (...) joe saamoohik roop seey swa-shaasit hain, "phir bhee aise samudaayon kii seemaon kaa chitran" loktaantrik siddhant aur abhyaas key liye ack mahatvapurna samasya haye "aur" loktaantrik siddhant swayam iss mamle parr koee spasht margadarshan pradaan naheen kartaa haye."isase pahale, 1956 mein, british vakeel surr ivor jennings ney seema samasya key saar koo tuchchh shabdon mein rakhaa thaah" loga taba taka taya naheen curr sakate jaba taka kii koee yeh taya naheen curr letaa kii loga kaun hain."
aitihaasik roop seey, abhijaat varg ney apani rajneeti kii pustak III mein nagrikta aur gair-nagrikta key saath-saath raajneetik samudaayon kii seemaon aur pehchaan key prashnon parr vichaar kiya. emmanuel kaant ney apane kaam mein tark diyaa kii samprabhu raajyon koo apane adhikaar kshetra key bheetar videshiyon koo "vishva nagrikta" ("weltbergerect") key kuchh adhikaar dene hotey hain.
udaaharan.
ack saiddhaantik samasya key roop mein, seema samasya iss tathya mein nihit haye kii koee saarvbhaumik roop seey maanyata praapt siddhant naheen hain jinake anusaar loktaantrik roop seey swa-shaasit rajneeti kii seemaaen nirdhaarit kii jaa sakati hain. vaastav mein maujooda loktaantrik samudaay aitihaasik roop seey aloktaantrik roop seey gathit hain. hoe sakata haye kii unaki seemaaen aitihaasik durghatana, nirankushta, yaa yuddh, yaa shaahi naukarshahi key karyon dwara sthaapit kii gaee houn; tou phir, vahee vyakti vaale loktaantrik samudaayon key kuchh anya sambhaavit samooh key bajaay unhein kyaa vaidh banaata haye?
ack vyaavhaarik mamle key roop mein, samprabhu raajyon key beach kshetriya vivaadon key saath-saath swatantra raajya kii maangon mein seema samasya utpann hoti haye; yeh samprabhu raajyon key bheetar bhee utpann hoti haye, udaaharan key liye jaatiya alpsankhyakon, swadeshi logon aur raajyon kii kshetriya upa-ikaaiyon yaa sanghiya roop seey gathit raajyon key sadasya raajyon key adhikaaron seey judey vivaadon mein.
seema samasya kaa ack vishisht udaaharan ack aisaa mamla haye jisamen dou samprabhu raajya ack hii kshetra parr daavaa karate hain, yaa ack samprabhu raajya kaa ack hissa alag honey kii maang kartaa haye. aksar, ack janmat sangrah koo samprabhuta vivaad koo hull karane key ack shantipurna aur loktaantrik tareeke key roop mein prastaavit kiya jaataa haye, lekin phir sawal yeh taya karane kaa bunn jaataa haye kii kaun matdan karane key yogya haye aur kaun naheen, yaani, prastaavit samudaay kii seemaon koo loktaantrik atmanirnaya key uddeshya seey kheencha jaanaa haye, ack sawal iss tathya seey jatil haye kii adhikansh bhaugolik kshetron, jaatiya, dhaarmik aur anya samoohon mein saha-astitva haye aur alag-alag anupaat mein ativyaapi haye.
seema samasya kaa ack anya mamla ack jaatiya samooh key daave key beach ack sangharsh haye, jaise kii ack swadeshi loga, ack saajha jaatiya viraasat vaale logon kii bhagidari koo seemit karane aur aupaniveshik basane vaalon yaa aitihaasik kabja karane vaalon yaa unake uttaradhikariyon koo baahar karane key liye, aur baad key samoohon key vyaktiyon key daavon koo loktaantrik prakriya mein shamil kiya jaanaa joe unaki matribhoomi "vaastavik" haye.

