george otto gee

george otto gee (6 julaai, 1899-8 navambar, 1970) johns hopkins aspatal mein koshika jeevvigyaani they, jinhen grieva tumour kii kamee seey grast henrietta seey hailey koshika rekha key prasaar kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. unhone johns hopkins medical school aur aspatal key tahat kaee vaigyaanik safaltaon koo vikasit karane mein 35 seey adhik saal bitaaye.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
gey kaa janm 6 julaai, 1899 koo pitsburg, pensylvania mein huaa thaa, joe german apravasiyon frank aur emma gey key bete they. unakaa ack badaa bhaai aur chhoti bahan thee. gee key maataa-pitaa germany seey aae they aur 1910 kii sanyukt raajya america kii janganana key anusaar, way upnagariya pitsburg mein rahate they.
gey ney peabody hyee school seey snaatak kii upaadhi praapt kii, aur 1920 mein pitsburg vishvavidyalaya seey jeev vigyaan mein snaatak kii degree praapt kii. unhone college key madhyam seey apana raasta banaane mein madad karane key liye ack badhai aur ack rajmistri key roop mein kaam kiya. 
1926 key aspas, unhone margaret key. seey shaadi kii. (1900-1989), aur way baad mein baltimore chaley gaye jahan unhone johns hopkins vishvavidyalaya seey apani chikitsa kii degree arjit kii. gey aathh saal taka medical school mein they, kyonki unake paas tution key liye paise khatm hoe jaate they.
carrier.
1933 mein hopkins seey snaatak honey key baad, gey ney turant johns hopkins medical school mein apana 37 saal kaa shikshan currier shuru kiya.
1951 mein, gey key shodh sahayak, mairi kubisek, ack sarjan dwara hataae gaye grieva tumour seey alag koshikaon kaa abhaav haye joe henrita naamak mahila mein paaya gayaa thaa. yeye koshikaaen bahut asamanya saabit huin kyonki way samvardhan madhyam mein badh sakati theen, jise lagaatar roller drum kaa upayog karke hilaaya jaataa thaa-ack takneek joe gee dwara vikasit kii gaee thee-unhein badhane key liye kaanch kii satah kii aavashyakta naheen thee, aur isaliye unaki koee sthaan seema naheen thee. ack baar jaba gey ney inn koshikaon kii deerghaayu aur kathorta kaa ehsas kiya, jise unhone hella koshika kahaa, tou unhone unhein duniya bhar key vaigyaanikon key saath saajha karna shuru curr diyaa, aur hella koshika rekha kaa upayog vyaapak hoe gayaa. koshikaon kaa upayog poliyo teeke key vikas mein kiya gayaa thaa, jisase maanav koshika kaa pahala clone banaa, iss khoj mein madad millie kii manushyon mein 46 gunasutra hain, aur inca upayog inn vitro nishechan vikasit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. jaba taka gee ney rekha key vikas key liye kuchh shreya kaa daavaa karate hue ack sankshipt saar prakaashit kiya, taba taka koshikaon kaa upayog pahale seey hii duniya bhar key vaigyaanikon dwara kiya jaa rhaa thaa.
hella koshika rekha kii asamanya vikas kshamataon key kaaran, isane kaee koshika sanskritiyon koo bhee dooshit kiya aur shodh key barbad varshon koo bhee, jaisa kii 1966 mein steinly gartler dwara khoja gayaa thaa. koshikaaen, jaisa kii yeh nikla, dhool key kanon parr tair sakati hain aur binaa dhoye hue haathon yaa upayog kiye gaye pipet parr sthanantarit kii jaa sakati hain, aur isaliye anya koshika sanskritiyon mein samaapt hoe jaati hain. kyonki koshikaaen itani vyaapak theen, kewal ack hii ack sanskriti key poorna adhigrahan kaa kaaran bunn sakati thee.
gey culture madhyam aur chikan raktasraav takneek.
gee aur unaki patni ney apana swayam kaa koshika samvardhan madhyam vikasit kiya joe koshika rekhaaon koo sanrakshit karega, lekin unaki sabse badee baadha sandushan thee. george key jeev vigyaan prashikshan ney unhein sandushan key muddon key liye taiyar naheen kiya joe kuchh mamalon mein utpann hoe sakate hain, isaliye unaki patni margaret ney unhein iss vishay parr shikshit kiya. unaki koshika samvardhan vidhi lagaatar badal rahee thee aur sanshodhit kii jaa rahee thee, lekin ack vidhi mein chikan rakt aur gaay bhroon jaise asamanya tatva shamil they. iss tarah way aur unaki patni "chikan bleeding takneek" key saath aae, aur iss prakriya koo antatah takneek mein ruchi rakhane vaale anya shodhkartaon key liye darj kiya gayaa. chikan bleeding takneek" ack murgi seey rakt nikaalane kaa ack tarika thaa, jisamen ack murgi koo pairon aur gardan seey kasai block parr jabaran neeche karna aur murgi key dill mein ack syringe suee dalna shamil thaa.
ootak samvardhan sangh (tii. see. aeye.).
johns hopkins mein gee key karyakal key dauran, unhone ootak samvardhan sangh (tii. see. aeye.) kii sthaapana kii aur way pahale adhyaksh they. tii. see. aeye. kaa mukhya uddeshya vaigyaanikon koo ootak, samvardhan paddhati seey parichit karaana aur takniki karmiyon koo prashikshit karna thaa. tii. see. aeye. koo aaj inn vitro biology key liye society key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen vartamaan mein 1,500 seey adhik sadasya shamil hain. varshon key dhana ugaahane key madhyam seey, gey tca, doubleu key liye sthaayi ghar kholane key liye aavashyak laakhon dollar jutaane mein saksham they. lake lacid, newyork mein elton johns cell vigyaan kendra. tii. see. aeye. key madhyam seey praapt kuchh chikitsa pragati mein krintak koshikaon kaa clone vikas, samay antaral chhayankan kaa vikas aur koshika sanrachanaon kii electron sookshm jaanch shamil hain.
vivaad.
koshikaon koo kaise punarpraapt kiya gayaa, jaisa kii pustak dwara prasiddh kiya gayaa haye, "henrita key amar jeevan mein kamee haye", kyonki koshikaon koo henrita seey liya gayaa thaa, usaki jaankaari yaa anumati key binaa isaki kamee thee; chikitsa naitikta kaa ack gambhir ullanghan, aur uska parivaar 1970 key dashak taka anjaan rhaa. gee apane vaastavik naam koo gupt rakhane key liye savdhan thee, aur ise unaki mrityu key baad taka saarvajanik naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
vyaktigat jeevan aur mrityu.
gee aur unaki patni key dou bachche they, george oh. gey junier. aur fraansis green. george oh. gey junier.johns hopkins bevue medical center mein internship aur residency poori karate hue, ack hriday roga visheshagya bunn gaye.
8 navambar, 1970 koo, gey kii praarambhik nidan key ack saal seey bhee cumm samay baad, baltimore, maryland mein agnashay key cancer seey mrityu hoe gaee. jaba unake cancer key liye ack aapaatkaaleen prakriya seey gujar rahey they, tou doctors ney paaya kii cancer unake lymph nodes, fefadon aur hriday mein fail gayaa thaa, iss prakaar unakaa cancer operation yogya naheen thaa. gey ney ack prayogaatmak chemotherapy pareekshan mein apana namankan karane key liye newyork shahar kii yatra kii. way chaahte they kii doctor cancer anusandhaan key liye ack naee koshika shrinkhala vikasit karane key liye unake agnyashay mein cancer key ack tukade koo kaatane kii koshish karein. halanki, doctors ney paaya kii cancer itane saare angon mein fail gayaa thaa kii shodh uddeshyon key liye kissy koo bhee nikaalana bahut khatarnak thaa. jaba gee koo yeh pataa chalaa tou vaha "krodhit" hoe gayaa.
viraasat.
gee koo roller drum banaane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye, joe kii hella cell line key vikas key liye aavashyak thaa. yeh machine koshika samvardhan koo poshit karane mein madad karane vaali pahali machines mein seey ack thee. roller drum mein vibhinn chhed hotey they jahan ootak aur unake upayukt vikas padaarth sthit hotey they. drum padarthon koo milaane key liye ghoomata haye aur ghante mein ack baar culture koo paryaavaran key sampark mein aaney detaa haye jaba taka kii drum phir seey ludhak naheen jaataa aur koshikaon koo taral mein phir seey naheen daal detaa.
gee koo koshika vibhajan aur film parr vikas kaa dastavejikaran karane vaale pahale logon mein seey ack key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. unhone ack time laps camera taiyar kiya joe baarah feat kaa thaa, joe paas key junkyard key spare parts seey banaa thaa, jisamen ack tapman niyantrit incubator thaa.
vaigyaanik duniya mein ack mahatvapurna viraasat unaki shiksha thee. unaki prayogshala mein, yeh vishvaas thaa kii "apani koshika sanskritiyon koo maarne kaa tarika ack dhilaipurna takneek kaa upayog karna thaa. unhone duniya bhar key saikadon shodhkartaon koo apani sterile takneekon mein prashikshit kiya aur duniya koo satark adhyayanon seey parichit karaaya. haalaanki gee koo unaki asaamyik mrityu seey pahale unake shodh parr shodh patra prakaashit karane yaa patent banaane kaa mauka naheen diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin unhone cancer koo samajhane kii viraasat chhodi, aur usa neenv kii shuruat kii jisase cancer anusandhaan aur koshika sanskriti vikasit hui haye.
puraskar aur sammaan.
1954 mein, memorial slone-catering cancer center ney cancer anusandhaan mein unake yogdan key liye catherine barkan judd puraskar praapt karane key liye gee kaa chayan kiya. unhone 1956 mein cancer koshika vigyaan key liye vn puraskar jeetaa.

