
paaristhitikiya vinirdeshan

paaristhitikiya vikhandan prajanan algaav seey utpann honey vaale vikhandan kaa ack roop haye joe ack paaristhitik kaarak key kaaran hotaa haye joe ack prajaati kii dou aabaadi key beach jeane pravaah koo cumm yaa samaapt kartaa haye. paaristhitik karakon mein paryavaraniya sthitiyon mein parivartan shamil hoe sakate hain jisamen ack prajaati anubhav karati haye, jaise kii shikaar, shikari seey bachana, paraagan aakarshan aur chaara lagaane seey judey vyavhaar parivartan; saath hii yaun chayan yaa sanchaar pranaliyon key kaaran saathi kii pasand mein parivartan. alag-alag praakritik chayan key tahat paaristhitik roop seey sanchaalit prajanan algaav naee prajaatiyon key nirmaan kii or leey jaataa haye. yeh prakriti key kaee mamalon mein pralekhit kiya gayaa haye aur pichhale kuchh dashakon seey vikhandan parr shodh kaa ack pramukh kendra rhaa haye.
paaristhitikiya vinirdeshan koo vinirdeshan key gair-vaigyaanik roopon seey alag key roop mein pahchaanane key liye vibhinn tarikon seey paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. vikaasvaadi jeevvigyaani dolph schlutter ney ise "vibhinn vatavaran yaa paaristhitikiya sthaanon key anukulata dwara aabaadi yaa ekal aabaadi key upsamooh key beach prajanan algaav key vikas" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya haye, jabaki anya kaa maanana haye kii praakritik chayan prerak shakti haye. paaristhitikiya vikhandan aur anya prakaar key vikhandan key beach pramukh antar yeh haye kii yeh vibhinn aavason key beach alag-alag praakritik chayan seey shuru hotaa haye, jaisa kii anya prakaar kii vikhandan prakriyaon jaise yaadrichhik aanuvanshik pravaah, samaan chayanaatmak dabaavon kaa anubhav karane vaali aabaadi mein asangat utparivartan kaa nirdhaaran, yaa yaun chayan key vibhinn roopon mein paaristhitik roop seey praasangik lakshnon parr chayan shamil naheen haye. paaristhitikiya vikhandan yaa tou allopatory, sahaanubhooti yaa parapetry mein hoe sakata haye-ekmatra aavashyakta yeh haye kii vikhandan vibhinn paaristhitik yaa sookshm-paaristhitik sthitiyon key anukoolan key parinamswarup hotaa haye.
paaristhitikiya vikhandan poorv-yugmajaivik roop seey (prajanan key liye baadhaaen joe ack yugmajaivik key gathan seey pahale hoti hain) yaa uttar-yugmajaivik roop seey (prajanan key liye baadhaaen joe ack yugmajaivik key gathan key baad hoti hain) hoe sakati hain. poorv-yugmaj prithakkaran key udaharanon mein nivaas sthaan prithakkaran, paraagan-paraagan pranaliyon key madhyam seey algaav aur asthaayi algaav shamil hain. uttar-yugmaj prithakkaran key udaharanon mein sankaron kii aanuvanshik asangatiyaan, cumm swaasthya sankar aur sankaron key khilaf yaun chayan shamil hain.
ack vishishtata ghatana paaristhitik yaa gair-vaigyaanik haye yaa naheen, isake chitran seey sambandhit dhaanche parr kuchh bahas maujood haye. "chayan key vyaapak prabhaav seey pataa chalata haye kii anukuli vikas aur vikhandan avibhajya hain, jisase iss baat parr sandeh paida hotaa haye kii vikhandan kabhi bhee gair-vaigyaanik haye yaa naheen. haalaanki, nikatata seey sambandhit, paaristhitik roop seey samaan prajaatiyon key kaee udaaharan hain (jaise.jee.bhoomadhyasagariya dweepon parr "ailbinaariya" bhoomi ghonghe, california key "batracoseps" salamander, aur kuchh cricket aur demselfly), joe gair-vaigyaanik prajaati kii sambhavana key anuroop ack pattern haye.
alag-alag chayan key paaristhitik kaaran.
paaristhitikiya vikhandan kii ghatana key liye alag-alag chayan mahatvapurna haye. alag-alag chayan key teen paaristhitik karanon kii pehchaan kii gaee haih paryavaraniya sthitiyon mein antar, paaristhitik antahkriya aur yaun chayan. karanon kii soochi nimnalikhit haye 
prajanan algaav key prakaar.
nivaas sthaan algaav.
alag-alag aavason kii prathmiktaon key kaaran ack prajaati kii aabaadi sthaanik roop seey alag hoe sakati haye. algaav dou aabaadi key beach sambhog kii sambhavana koo cumm curr detaa haye, jeane pravaah koo rokta haye, aur poorna vikhandan key liye poorv-zygotic algaav koo badhaava detaa haye. awas algaav allopatric vikhandan kii tarah ack bhaugolik baadha key barabar naheen haye. isake bajaay, yeh aanuvanshik antar parr adharit haye, jahaan ack prajaati ack alag vatavaran kaa dohan karane mein asamarth haye, joe fitness laabhon, fitness nuksan yaa sansaadhan pratispardha key parinamswarup haye.
jairi coyne aur aich. elen or awas algaav key dou alag-alag roopon koo darshaate hainh sookshm sthaanik awas algaav (jahaan ack hii saamaanyikrit kshetra parr kabja karane key bavjood, dou prajaatiyon key beach mell-jole koo prathmiktaon yaa paaristhitik roop seey alag-alag kshetron key anukoolan dwara cumm kiya jaataa haye) aur macrospecial awas algaav (poori tarah seey allopatric aavason dwara paribhaashit joe jeane pravaah koo rokte hain.) bhugol key prabhaavon key kaaran prakriti mein nivaas sthaan algaav key donon roopon kii pehchaan karna mushkil haye. sookshm sthaanik algaav koo maapane key liye kaee karakon kii aavashyakta hoti haih
allopatric vitaran vaastavik awas algaav kaa pataa lagaane key liye kaee samasyaaen paida karate hain, jisamen dou allopatric roop seey alag-thalag prajaatiyon key vibhinn awas paaristhitik roop seey kaaran vikhandan kaa sanket naheen dete hain. vaikalpik vyaakhyaaen inn pratirupon key liye jimmedaar hoe sakati hainh
inn muddon (sookshm aur sthool-sthaanik algaav donon key saath) koo kshetra yaa prayogshala prayogon jaise kii vyaktiyon key vipareet aavason mein pratyaropan dwara door kiya jaa sakata haye (halanki yeh mushkil saabit hoe sakata haye yadi vyakti lagaae gaye awas key liye poori tarah seey ayogya naheen hain). prajanan avadhi key dauran ack prajaati jodee (sootra _ 1 aur sootra _ 2) key liye nivaas algaav koo nimn dwara maapa jaa sakata haih
sootra _ 3
yahaan, sootra _ 4 una paripathon key beach muthbhedon kaa anupaat haye jisamen ack alag prajaati key bhagidar shamil hotey hain joe dekhe jaate hain. sootra _ 5 prajaati sootra _ 1 key kull vyaktiyon kaa anupaat haye. sootra _ 7 prajaati sootra _ 2 key kull vyaktiyon kaa anupaat haye. vibhinn prajaatiyon key beach sambhog key apekshit anupaat koo sootra _ 9 dwara darshaaya jaataa haye yadi sambhog yaadrichhik haye. sootra _ 10 kaa ack aankada vibhinn prajaatiyon key koee sambhog key muthbhedon koo ingit kartaa haye jahaan sootra _ 11 vibhinn prajaatiyon key yaadrichhik sambhog koo ingit kartaa haye.
bhugol.
nivaas sthaan algaav key kaaran paaristhitikiya vikhandan kissy bhee bhaugolik arth mein hoe sakata haye, yaani yaa tou allopatrically, parapetrically yaa sahaanubhootipoorvak. allopatory (aur parapetry) mein nivaas sthaan algaav seey utpann honey vaalaa vikhandan seedha haye kyonki dou aabaadi key beach cumm jeane pravaah anukoolan praapt kartaa haye joe unake nivaas sthaan kii paaristhitik sthitiyon key anuroop hotaa haye. anukoolan koo chayan dwara prabalit kiya jaataa haye aur kaee mamalon mein jaise jaanvaron key saath, vyavhaar sambandhi prathmiktaon dwara prabalit kiya jaataa haye (jaise.jee. una pakshiyon mein joe vishisht swar pasand karate hain). allopatory mein honey vaale nivaas algaav kaa ack utkrisht udaaharan mezban-vishisht cospeciation haye jaise kii pockett gofar aur unake mezban chuing lease yaa anjir tataiya-aakriti pedh key sambandh mein aur yukka-yukka patang sambandh-paraagan prithakkaran key kaaran paaristhitikiya vikhandan key udaaharan. sahaanubhooti mein, paridrishya adhik jatil haye, kyonki jeane pravaah koo vikhandan kii anumati dene key liye paryaapt roop seey cumm naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii aalaa vichalan key liye chayan prakriya koo chalaa sakata haye. isake alawa, yadi sahaanubhooti dou pahale seey alag aabaadi key dwiteeyak sampark key parinamswarup hoti haye, tou sudridhikaran kii prakriya, donon aabaadi key beach ayogya sankaron key khilaf chayan, unake poorna vikhandan koo prerit curr sakata haye. sansadhanon key liye pratispardha bhee ack bhoomika nibha sakati haye.
nivaas sthaan algaav jeane pravaah mein ack mahatvapurna baadha haye aur yeh iss samanya avalokan seey pradarshit hotaa haye kii paudhon aur jaanvaron koo aksar unake anukoolan key sambandh mein sthaanik roop seey alag kiya jaataa haye. nivaas sthaan algaav key kaaran honey vaale vikhandan kii prakriti koo samajhane key liye kaee kshetra adhyayan, pratyaropan aur hataane key prayog aur prayogshala adhyayan kiye gaye hain. "udaaharan key liye, "horkelia fyuska", california kii dhalanon aur 4500 feat seey oopar key ghaas key maidanon mein ugataa haye, jahan isake almari sambandhi hain. california "aur" aich. cunetta tateey aavason mein 3200 feat seey neeche ugataa haye. jaba prajaatiyon koo vaikalpik aavason mein pratyaaropit kiya jaataa haye, tou unaki vyavaharyata cumm hoe jaati haye, joe darshaata haye kii aabaadi key beach jeane pravaah kii sambhavana naheen haye. artemisia tridentata tridentata" aur "aeye" key saath samaan pattern paae gaye hain. trishool upa-spu. ootaa mein vaseyana, jahan oonchaai aabaadi key beach sankar kshetra maujood hain, aur pratyaropan prayog upa-prajaatiyon kii yogyata koo cumm karate hain.
sarpil patti khanik makkhiyon, ladybird bhringon ("epilacna"), goldenroad pitt makkhiyon, "ragolates pomonella", patti bhringon aur mutter ephids mein bhee nivaas sthaan algaav dwara vikhandan kaa adhyayan kiya gayaa haye.
yaun algaav.
yaun algaav key kaaran paaristhitikiya vikhandan vibhinn paryavaraniya sthitiyon key parinamswarup hotaa haye joe samay key saath sanchaar pranaliyon yaa saathi chayan pattern koo sanshodhit karate hain. prakriti mein isake bahut saare udaaharan hain. tateey ghonghe kii prajaati "littorina sexatilis" anusandhaan kaa kendra rahee haye kyonki vibhinn tata staron parr rahane vaale dou paaristhitiki prakaar paaristhitiki key shareer key aakar key antar key sambandh mein saathi kii pasand key parinamswarup prajanan algaav pradarshit karate hain. samudri aur meethe paani kii stickleback machhali donon ney iss tarah seey prajanan karane key majboot pramaan dikhaae hain. neoclamisus bebabiana" patti bhringon, "timema christine" walking-stick keedon aur titali prajaatiyon "heliconius melpomin" aur "aich" mein bhee saboot paae jaate hain. maanaa jaataa haye kii sideno "haal hii mein alag hoe gayaa haye kyonki vargeekaran sambhog koo badhaaya jaa rhaa haye jahaan prajaatiyon kii aabaadi sahaanubhooti mein milati haye.
paragankarta algaav.
angiosperm (foolon key paudhon) koo paraagan key kissy roop kii aavashyakta hoti haye-jinamen seey kaee koo parag koo ack phool seey dusare phool mein sthanantarit karane key liye dusare janwar kii aavashyakta hoti haye. javic paraagan vidhiyon key liye paraganakon jaise keeton (jaise.jee. madhumakkhiyan, titaliyaan, patang, tataiya, bhring aur anya aksheruki), pakshi, chamgaadad aur anya kasheruki prajaatiyan. paraganakon aur parag utpaadak paudhon key beach iss vikaasvaadi sambandh key kaaran, paudhe aur janwar ack-dusare parr parasparik roop seey nirbhar hoe jaate hain-paragankarta koo amrit key roop mein bhojan praapt hotaa haye aur phool apane jeane kaa prasaar karane kii kshamata praapt kartaa haye.
yadi koee janwar ack alag paraagan srot kaa upayog kartaa haye, tou paudhe prajanan key liye alag hoe sakate hain. paragankari algaav yaun algaav kaa ack vishisht roop haye. vanaspatishastri verne anudan ney dou prakaar key paraagan prithakkaran key beach antar kiyaah yaantrik prithakkaran aur naitik algaav.
yaantrik paraagan prithakkaran.
ack phool yaa paraagan key shaaririk antar key parinamswarup paraagan honey seey rokane key parinamswarup yaantrik algaav hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye, madhumakkhi "eulema singulata" mein, "catasetum discolour" aur "see" seey parag. sacketum "shareer key vibhinn hisson (kramshah nilay aur dorsali) seey judaa hotaa haye. ack anya udaaharan haathi key sir aur chhote haathi key sir key paudhon key saath haye. ack hii kshetra mein badhane aur ack hii madhumakkhi prajaati dwara paraagit honey key bavjood way sankaran key liye naheen jaane jaate hain. parag madhumakkhi key vibhinn hisson seey judaa hotaa haye jisase phool alag hoe jaate hain. yaantrik algaav mein paragankarta bhee shamil hain joe shaaririk akshamtaon key kaaran paraagan karane mein asamarth hain. udaaharan key liye, ack phool prajaati mein amrit kii spur lambai aakar mein bhinn hoe sakati haye jisake parinamswarup vibhinn lapidopteran prajaatiyon seey paraagan hotaa haye kyonki lambai phool key parag key saath shareer key sampark koo rokti haye.
naitik paragankari algaav.
naitik algaav paraganakon key vyavhaar sambandhi lakshnon parr adharit haye joe aanuvanshik roop seey yaa seekha huaa vyavhaar key madhyam seey ack phool kii vibhinn aakriti sambandhi visheshtaon koo pasand karate hain. yeye visheshataaen phool key samagr aakar aur sanrachana, rung, amrit kaa prakaar yaa gandh hoe sakati hain. kuchh mamalon mein, ack paragankarta aur usake mezban key beach parasparikta vikasit hoti haye, joe lagbhag-samaan, samanantar jatijanan key saath hoti haye. arthaat, aashrit sambandh key parinamswarup nikatata seey samaan vikaasvaadi vriksh hotey hain joe darshaate hain kii vikhandan kii ghatanaaen aur vikhandan kii darr samaan haye. anjir tataiya aur unake anjir mejbaanon mein udaaharan paae jaate hain, jisamen pratyek anjir tataiya prajaati ack vishisht anjir prajaati parr paraagan karati haye. yukka" aur yukka patang isi pattern koo pradarshit karate hain.
ack ullekhaniya mamle mein, dou nikatata seey sambandhit phool paudhe ("erythranthe levisi" aur "ee. cardinalis) poorna sahaanubhooti mein paragankari algaav (binaa kissy bhautik, bhaugolik algaav key honey vaalaa vikhandan) key kaaran vinirdisht kiya gayaa haye. "ee. levisi "apani bahan prajaatiyon seey kaafee badal gayaa haye kyonki isake vikasit gulabi phool, chaudi pankhudiyan, chhote punkesar (paudhe kaa parag utpaadak hissa) aur amrit kii cumm matra haye. yeh poori tarah seey madhumakhiyon dwara paraagit hotaa haye aur prakriti mein lagbhag koee paar naheen hotaa haye. "ee. cardinalis hummingbird dwara paraagit hotaa haye aur laal, tube key aakar key phool, badey punkesar aur bahut saare amrit pradarshit kartaa haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii amrit kii matra key saath-saath ack aanuvanshik ghatak (ack elil pratisthaapan joe rung bhinnata koo niyantrit kartaa haye) algaav banaae rakhta haye. aquilegia pubescence" aur "aeye" mein bhee isi tarah kaa pattern paaya gayaa haye. formosa ". iss prajaati jodee mein, "aeye. pubsense "hockomoth dwara paraagit hotaa haye jabaki" aeye. formosa "hummingbird dwara paraagit hotaa haye. erythranthe" key vipareet, yeye prajaatiyan vibhinn aavason mein rahati hain lekin sankar roopon koo pradarshit karati hain jahan unake awas overlap hotey hain; haalaanki way alag-alag prajaatiyan bunny hui hain joe sujhaav detee hain kii sankar phool apane paraagan mejbaanon key liye cumm aakarshak hoe sakate hain.
bhugol.
paragankari algaav seey judey chaar bhaugolik-adharit paridrishya honey key liye jaane jaate hainh
jairi coyne aur aich. elen or kaa tark haye kii allopatory mein paragankari algaav kaa koee bhee paridrishya yeh maang kartaa haye kii praarambhik charan vibhinn aabaadi mein paae jaane chaahiye. yeh kaee prajaatiyon-paraagan jode mein alag-alag degree mein dekhaa gayaa haye. raphanus sativus" key foolon kaa aakar (iss mamle mein, 32 california aabaadi mein jangli moolie) badey madhumakkhi paraganakon key anusaar bhinn paaya gayaa haye. "polmonium wiscossum" foolon koo colorado chattani pahaadon mein ack alpine dhaal key saath aakar mein vriddhi karate hue paaya gayaa haye kyonki makkhiyan lakadi kii rekha parr paraagan karati hain jabaki bhaunhen adhik oonchaai parr paraagan karati hain. ack samaan pattern jisamen samay shamil haye jisamen hockmoth ("highls lineta") sakriya hain, paschimi sanyukt raajya mein paae jaane vaale chattani pahaadi columbine "aquilegia korulia" kii teen upa-prajaatiyon mein pralekhit haye.
koyane aur or key anusaar sabse ullekhaniya udaaharan african orchid upa-prajaati "saterium hailaki hailaki" aur "saterium hailaki ocelatum" kaa haye. baad vaalaa patangon dwara paraagit hotaa haye aur lambe amrit spurse pradarshit kartaa haye joe patang key probosis key saath sambandhit hotey hain. upa-prajaati "hallaki" key antardeshiya, ghaas key maidan key nivaas key vipareet, "ocelatum" tateey aabaadi mein rahata haye aur isamen chhote spurse hotey hain joe isake praathamik badhai madhumakkhi paraagan key saath sambandhit hotey hain. patang tateey aavason mein upayukt ghonsale key sthaan khojane mein asamarth hain jabaki madhumakkhiyan antardeshiya roop seey asamarth hain. yeh pattern paraagan karane vaali aabaadi koo alag kartaa haye lekin sthaaniya paraganakon seey behtar mell khaane vaale foolon key antar kaa samarthan karane key liye orchid kii aabaadi key driving chayan koo alag naheen kartaa haye. dakshin africa mein "dissa draconis" parisar key adhyayanon mein isi tarah kaa ack pattern paaya gayaa haye.
asthaayi algaav (alochronic vikhandan).
asthaayi algaav alag-alag prajanan samay (phenology) key kaaran dou aabaadi key beach jeane pravaah mein kamee parr adharit haye. ise alochronic algaav, alochronic vikhandan yaa alocroni key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. paudhon mein, samay key sambandh mein prajanan mein shukranu sweekaar karane key liye kalank kii grahansheelata, parag chhodane kii avadhi (jaise shankudhari pedon mein jahaan shanku havaa key madhyam seey parag koo failaate hain), yaa foolon kaa samagr samay shamil hoe sakata haye. isake vipareet, jaanvaron mein aksar sambhog kii avadhi yaa mausam hotey hain (aur kaee jaleey jaanvaron mein andey dene kaa samay hotaa haye). pravaasi pratirupon koo alochronic prajaati-nirdhaaran mein bhee shamil kiya gayaa haye.
alochronic vikhandan koo vaastav mein huaa maanaa jaane key liye, model koo teen pramukh aavashyaktaon kii aavashyakta hoti haih
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii alocroni prajanan samay kii viraasat jitani adhik hogi-yaani jeane aur prajanan key samay key beach sambandh jitna adhik hoga-utani hii adhik sambhavana haye kii vikhandan hoga. laukik algaav iss mayane mein advitiya haye kii yeh spasht roop seey sahanubhutipurna honey key saath-saath gair-aanuvanshik bhee hoe sakata haye; haalaanki algaav key liye aanuvanshik karakon koo shamil kiya jaanaa chaahiye taaki poorna prajanan algaav aur baad mein vikhandan hoe sakey. alocroni dwara vikhandan teen samay seema mein honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haih vaarshik (ee.jee. dashakon yaa bahu-dashak key baans key foolon mein ubharane vaale aavadhik sikada), mausami (jeev joe varsh key samay jaise sardiyon yaa garmiyon key dauran prajanan karate hain), aur dainik (jaise.jee. prawal key dainik andey dene kaa samay). neeche dee gaee talika mein prakriti mein honey vaale alochronic vikhandan key majboot yaa sammohak udaaharan maane jaane vaale kaee adhyayanon koo sankshep mein prastut kiya gayaa haye.
paaristhitik algaav key anya poorv-yugmaj roop.
pravasiyon key khilaf chayan, yaa apravasi akshamta, paaristhitik algaav kaa ack roop maanaa jaataa haye. iss prakaar key vikhandan mein gair-deshi aavason key anukoolan kii kamee key kaaran aabaadi key beach pravasiyon kii cumm jeevit rahane kii darr shamil haye. sambhog key baad, poorv-jojotic algaav aur paaristhitiki key beach sambandh kii bahut cumm samajh haye. sambhog key baad algaav maithun (yaa paraagan) aur nishechan kii prakriya key beach hotaa haye-jise gametic algaav key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. drosophila" phal makkhiyon, ground cricket aur "helianthus" paudhon mein gametic algaav seey judey kuchh adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii paaristhitiki mein ack bhoomika hoe sakati haye; haalaanki yeh anirdhaarit haye.
paaristhitik algaav key uttar-yugmajaivik roop.
paaristhitik roop seey swatantra uttar-yugmajaivik algaav ack prajaati key dou sankar vyaktiyon key beach aanuvanshik asangatiyon seey utpann hotaa haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii kuchh mamalon mein, sankaron kii shaaririk kshamata cumm hoti haye, vishesh roop seey usa vatavaran key aadhar parr jisamen way rahate hain. udaaharan key liye, seemit paaristhitikiya sthaanon key saath charam vatavaran mein, uchch swaasthya kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jabaki yadi kissy vatavaran mein bahut saare sthaan hain, tou cumm swasth vyakti lambe samay taka jeevit rahane mein saksham hoe sakate hain. kuchh adhyayanon seey sanket milata haye kii yeye asangatiyaan paaristhitik vinirdeshan kaa ack kaaran hain kyonki way alag-alag chayan key madhyam seey jaldi seey vikasit hoe sakati hain.
paaristhitik roop seey nirbhar uttar-yugmajaivik algaav ack paaristhitik sthaan mein apani sthiti key kaaran fitness key cumm sankar key parinamswarup hotaa haye-yaani, maataa-pitaa kii prajaatiyan thodi alag jagah parr kabja karati hain, lekin unaki sankar santanon koo ack aise sthaan kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe donon key beach ack mishran haye joe aamtaur parr maujood naheen haye (ack fitness paridrishya key sambandh mein). yeh stickleback ("gasterostius acculates"), watter-lilly beatle ("gallucella nimphe"), mutter ephids aur tefrited makkhiyon ("eurosta solidaginis") kii aabaadi mein paaya gayaa haye.
sankaron key khilaf chayan koo kabhi-kabhi (yeh sambhav haye kii binaa kissy prakaar key prajaatiki key kaaran maanaa jaae) paaristhitik algaav kaa ack roop maanaa jaa sakata haye yadi yeh ack paaristhitik tantra seey utpann hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye, sankar santan koo madhyavarti yaun pradarshan yaa yaun sanchaar mein antar key kaaran saathi key liye "cumm aakarshak" key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye. antim parinam yeh haye kii pratyek maataa-pitaa kii aabaadi key jeane aapas mein milaane mein asamarth hotey hain kyonki way ack sankar dwara leey jaae jaate hain jisake prajanan kii sambhavana naheen hoti haye. sankar santanon key khilaf yaun chayan kaa yeh swaroop "heliconius" titliyon mein paaya gayaa haye. donon prajaatiyan "aich. sido "aur" aich. melpomin "dakshin america mein sahaanubhootipoorvak vitarit kiya jaataa haye aur kabhi-kabhi sankaran hotaa haye. jaba way sankaran karate hain, tou prajaatiyan nakal-vikasit rung pattern key kaaran majboot vargeekaran sambhog dikhaati hain, jiska sankar santanon mein ack madhyavarti hotaa haye. sylvia atricapilla" pakshi aabaadi, bhediya makadiyon ("sizokosa aucreta" aur "aiss") key lesvings migrating pattern mein isi tarah key pattern paae gaye hain. rovneri) aur unake prem prasang vyavhaar, sahanubhutipurna benthic aur limenetic stickleback (gasterostius acculates complexes), aur panama kii titaliyaan "anartia fatima" aur "aeye. amatia ". sankar key khilaf paraagan bhedbhaav seey judey foolon ney bandar key foolon (erythranthe levisi aur erythranthe cardinalis) aur louisiana iris samooh kii dou prajaatiyon, iris phulwa aur aaee mein bhee yeh pattern dikhaaya haye. hexagona ".

