
richard dorre

richard dorre (1749-1800) 18veen shatabdi key anta mein nyu south wells, australia kii coloney key governor key ack vakeel, upa nyayadhish adhivakta aur sachiv they. way upa nyayadhish adhivakta key roop mein pada dhaaran karane vaale dusare vyakti they, joe coloney mein mukhya nyayadhish key pada key samaan pada thaa, aur aisaa karane vaale pahale kanuni roop seey yogya vyakti they. lekhak robbert huges ney dorre koo "ack bhool karane vaalaa aur aksham aksham, joe bahut cumm dastakaari key liye diyaa gayaa thaa" key roop mein varnit kiya. vaastav mein, vaha shayed anya upa nyayadhish adhivaktaon seey badatar naheen they jinhone unase pahale yaa baad mein seva kii thee.
ingland mein praarambhik jeevan aur currier.
dorre kaa janm sambhavatah 1749 mein chipping onger, assex, ingland mein huaa thaa. jabaki unaki janm kii sateek tithi gyaat naheen haye, unhone usa varsh 21 march koo bapatisma liya thaa. vaha villium door kaa betaa thaa, joe aam daleelon kii adalat mein ack vakeel thaa.
dorre koo apane pitaa key abhyaas mein apane pitaa key liye ack clerk key roop mein anubandhit kiya gayaa thaa, aur baad mein 12 farwari 1772 koo apane pitaa key roop mein usee adalat key vakeel key roop mein dorre koo bharti kiya gayaa thaa.
12 aprail 1782 koo unhone sent marylebone mein maria naasaau seey shaadi kii.
9 sitambar 1797 koo unhein nyu south wells kii coloney key upa nyayadhish adhivakta key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, jisaki sthaapana kewal nau saal pahale kii gaee thee. baad mein vaha "barwell" parr sidney key liye ravaana hue aur 18 maee 1798 koo apane ack bete key saath coloney pahunche. unaki patni aur anya bachche ingland mein hii rahey.
upa nyayadhish adhivakta key roop mein samay.
nyayadhish adhivakta kii sthiti coloney mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika thee, halanki rajyapal key sachiv key roop mein mahatvapurna naheen thee. nyayadhish adhivakta ney aaparaadhik kshetradhikar kii adalat mein chaar sainya adhikaariyon key saath adhyakshata kii, jisane coloney mein sabhi rajdhani apraadhon kaa faisala kiya. nyayadhish adhivakta ney sivil kshetradhikar kii adalat mein shaanti key dou nyayadhishon kii adhyakshata kii joe coloney mein nagrik mamalon seey nipatate they. nyayadhish adhivakta koo shaanti key nyaay key roop mein bhee niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, aur vaha chhote satron kii adalaton kaa gathan karane key liye anya nyayadhishon key saath baithenge. dorre ney magistrate kii baithakon kii peeth mein pratyek saptah baithane key liye david collins, pahale nyayadhish-adhivakta, kaa abhyaas jaari rakhaa. inn baithakon mein cumm gambhir aaparaadhik aarop nirdhaarit kiye gaye. unaki upasthiti itani niyamit thee kii jaba way bimari key kaaran baithakon seey chook gaye, tou adalat key clerk ney adalat key record mein unaki asamanya anupasthiti darj kii.
dorre koo ack udaar samvedak key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, halanki mcleoghlin unhein cumm gambhir honey key roop mein sandarbhit kartaa haye. haalaanki, unake paas apane pull they. catherine evance key mamle mein, jisaki sunavaai 5 janwari 1799 koo hui thee, usane usey ack maheene key liye lohe kaa collar pahanane aur jailon koo jhaadane kii sajaa sunai. uska aparaadh "durvyavahar, dhamki aur
anyatha ack johnson key saath durvyavahar karna aur uska bachaav yeh thaa kii vaha nashe mein thee. usey sajaa sunaate hue, dorre ney kahaah
"magistrate binaa kissy afsos key nashe key kaaran honey vaali kaee buraaiyon koo naheen dekh sakate hain joe abb itani prachalit hoe gaee haye aur itani hudd taka kii yeh unakaa kartavya bunn jaataa haye kii kuchh saarvajanik udaaharan banaae taaki parityakt mahilaaon dwara kii gaee vyaapaktaa kii jaanch kii jaa sakey, jabaki nashe kii sthiti mein, aur way sakhti seey sahishnu aur usake adheen anya sabhi logon koo iss khatarnak durachar key daman key liye vishesh roop seey dhyaan dene kaa adesh dete hain."
itihaaskaar frank clark ney nott kiya kii dorre ney vidroh key prayaas mein honey key sandeh mein nau ayrish doshiyon koo 100 seey 500 kodon kii sajaa kaa adesh diyaa. clark kaa kahana haye kii doshiyon koo kissy bhee aparaadh kaa doshi naheen paae jaane key bavjood dorre ney kodon kaa adesh diyaa thaa.
dorre koo coloney mein bhaari kathinaaiyon kaa saamana karna padaa. pahale, unakaa swaasthya kharaab thaa, halanki coloney mein unake pahale varsh key dauran yeh thheek hoe gayaa. doosara, unhein charmpatra aur lekhan samagri jaisi paryaapt kanuni aapoorti kii kamee kaa saamana karna padaa, joe kanuni mamalon key liye aavashyak hain. anta mein, unhein paryaapt kanuni sansadhanon kii kamee kaa saamana karna padaa, ack aisee peedaa joe 19veen shatabdi key anta mein mukhya nyayadhish fredrick matthe darley key samay taka bhee coloney koo prabhaavit karati rahee. yeh vishesh roop seey chintajanak thaa kyonki british sarkaar dwara coloney koo ack basai hui coloney maanaa jaataa thaa, coloney key niptan key samay ingland key sabhi kaanoon, kissy bhee aavashyak sanshodhan key adheen coloney parr lagu hotey they. kanuni pustakon key binaa, kaanoon kaa nirdhaaran karna mushkil hoga.
governor johnn hunter ney dorre kii sahaayata key liye michael massie robbinson koo niyukt kiya. robbinson ack doshi thaa jise kanuni roop seey prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa. dorre kii mulakat robbinson seey ingland seey baahar "barwell" parr hui thee. donovan clark key anusaar, robbinson jald hii dorre key uttaradhikari key liye upa nyayadhish adhivakta kaa karyalaya chalaane vaale they.
usee samay, shikari ney dorre koo apana niji sachiv niyukt kiya. yeh niyukti antim naheen thee, kyonki 23 janwari 1799 koo shikari ney dorre koo hataa diyaa thaa. durbhagya seey dorre ney dorre key laabh key liye ack shikari key preshan koo ingland mein badalane kii swatantrata leey lii thee. dorre ney ack anuchhed jodaa thaa jisamen shikari ney portland key chauthe duke villium heinry bentinuck kii sifarish parr shikari key sachiv key roop mein dorre kii niyukti kii ghoshana kii thee. iss parivartan key saath samasya yeh thee kii portland ney aisee sifarish naheen kii thee. dorre kii jagah kaptan neel mckeller ney lii, joe aprail 1801 taka iss pada parr rahey.
governor shikari key saath sangharsh.
dorre kaee cheejon koo laker shikari key saath sangharsh mein aaa gayaa. sabse pahale adalat kii phees lene kaa mudda thaa. adalat kii phees mein united kingdam mein ack nyayadhish kii aaya kaa hissa shamil thaa. yeh spasht naheen haye kii kyaa pichhale nyayadhish adhivaktaon ney nyu south wells mein una shulkon kaa ack hissa ekatra kiya thaa. johnn mccloghlin kaa sujhaav haye kii dorre key samay seey pahale shulk naheen liya gayaa thaa. mukhya nyayadhish fredrick richard jorden ney kahaa kii dorre key poorvavarti david collins ney ack anya naee south wells adalat mein nausena key kaam key liye adalat kii phees kaa ack hissa ekatra kiya thaa. lekhak noel nyern kaa kahana haye kii shikari ney "vijetaon" key liye licenses shulk shuru karke anathon key liye ack school kaa vitt poshan karane kii maang kii, isaliye nayaa shulk vaastav mein adalat shulk key bajaay licenses shulk hoe sakata haye. itihaaskaar key jee allars ney nott kiya kii shikari ney socha kii dorre dwara ritt aur licenses jaari karane key liye lagaae gaye aarop atyadhik they. joe bhee sthiti hoe, shikari chaahata thaa kii way shulk coloney mein ack anath sharan mein jaaen. isake bajaay, shikariyon koo anathon kii dekhbhal karane vaalon koo raashan denaa padata thaa.
isake baad, shikari naheen chaahata thaa kii doshiyon key khilaf ritt jaari kii jaae. una dinon, joe karjdar apane curge kaa bhugtan naheen karate they, unhein taba taka kaid kiya jaa sakata thaa jaba taka kii unakaa curge chuka naheen diyaa jaataa. ack doshi joe kaid thaa, isaliye coloney key liye kaary kartavyon kaa paalan karane mein asamarth thaa. allars kaa kahana haye kii shikari iss pratha seey sahmat naheen thaa kyonki yeh darshaata haye kii coloney mein 'chhote vyapariyon' kaa paksh liya gayaa thaa joe doshiyon koo rinn kaa bojh banaa rahey they jaba doshiyon koo unaki sthiti key kaaran sampatti rakhane mein saksham naheen honah thaa. yeh collins aur richard atkins key vipareet thaa, jinhone rinn chukaane key liye samay pradaan karke kisaanon aur basane vaalon kaa samarthan kiya.
ise jodate hue, dorre ney adalat key naam parr naheen balki apane naam parr ritt jaari karane kaa faisala kiya. jaba adalat key magistrate sadasyon dwara iss prakriya kii vaidhata key baare mein dorre seey sawal kiya gayaa, tou dorre ney dhawa boll diyaa aur kissy bhee sawal kaa jawab dene seey incar curr diyaa. isaq nicholls key mukadame mein bhee dorre koo baahar honah thaa, jahaan nicholls koo sunhare sakshya parr doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa, halanki jaisa kii bataaya gayaa haye, dorre paanch sadasyiya peeth kaa kewal ack sadasya thaa jisane nicholls key bhaagya parr faisala kiya thaa. nicholls key vishvaas seey nakhush logon mein seey ack navik mattheau flinder they.
dorre ney ack samiti kii adhyakshata bhee kii jisane ack sandigdh ayrish sajish kii jaanch kii. durbhagya seey, vidroh key prayaas kii baat tou chhodiye, sajish key liye bahut cumm saboot dikhaai diye. phir bhee, dorre ney una logon key liye gambhir dund kaa adesh diyaa joe vidroh kii yojana banaa rahey they.
13 disambar 1800 koo dorre kii mrityu hoe gaee aur unake rinadaataon koo bhugtan karane key liye aparyaapt sampatti reh gaee.