
konkani bhasha andolan

konkani bhasha andolan bhaarat mein anishchit bhavishya aur konkani bhasha kii aadhikarik sthiti key baare mein virodh aur pradarshanon kii ack shrinkhala thee. way tatkalin kendra shaasit pradesh gova, daman aur deev mein maharashtravadi gomantak party dwara shaasit goviyon dwara aayojit kiye gaye they. virodh pradarshanon mein nagrik patrakaarita, chhaatr sakriyata aur raajneetik pradarshan shamil they.
itihas.
poorv-purtagaali gova.
aitihaasik roop seey, konkani naa tou aadhikarik thee aur naa hii poorv-purtagaali shasakon kii prashaasnik bhasha thee. kadambon key tahat (see. 960-1310), darbari bhasha kannad thee. jaba musalman shasson (1312-1370 aur 1469-1510) key tahat, aadhikarik aur saanskritik bhasha farsi thee. puraataatvik sangrahalaya mein vibhinn patthar aur usa avadhi key chitra gallery kannad aur farsi mein utkeern hain. muslim shasson kii dou avadhiyon key beach kii avadhi key dauran, vijaynagar samrajya, jiska raajya parr niyantran thaa, ney kannad aur telugu kaa upayog anivarya curr diyaa.
purtagaali gova.
konkani bhasha kaa mool roop seey adhyayan kiya gayaa thaa aur roman konkani koo gova mein catholic missionaryon dwara badhaava diyaa gayaa thaa.jee. thomas stephens) 16veen shatabdi key dauran ack sanchaar madhyam key roop mein. 17veen shatabdi mein gova parr unake baar-baar hamalon key dauran deshi catholics parr unake hamalon aur sthaaniya churchon key vinash seey maratha khatra aur badh gayaa thaa. isake kaaran purtagaali sarkaar ney gova mein konkani key daman key liye ack sakaratmak karyakram shuru kiya, taaki deshi catholic goviyon koo poori tarah seey purtagaali samrajya key saath pehchaan banaai jaa sakey. natijatan, konkani koo purtagaliyon key pravartan dwara gova mein dabaa diyaa gayaa aur visheshaadhikaarheen banaa diyaa gayaa.
franciscan dwara aagrah kiye jaane parr, purtagaali vaaysaraay ney 27 juuna 1684 koo konkani key upayog parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa aur aage adesh diyaa kii teen saal key bheetar, sthaaniya loga samanya roop seey purtagaali bhasha bolenge aur purtagaali kshetron mein kiye gaye apane sabhi samparkon aur anubandhon mein iska upayog karenge. ullanghan key liye dund karawas hoga. 17 march 1687 koo raajaa dwara adesh kii pushti kii gaee thee. haalaanki, 1731 mein purtagaali samrat joao vee koo anveshak antonio amral coutinho key patra key anusaar, yeye kathor upaay asafal rahey.
1739 mein "uttar key praant" (jisamen besin, chaul aur salset shamil they) key patan key kaaran konkani kaa daman naee taakat praapt curr rhaa thaa. 21 navambar 1745 koo, gova key archbishop, laureno dee saanta maria ee mello (oh.aff.aim.), ney adesh diyaa kii purtagaali mein dharapravahta pujari key liye gova key avedakon key liye anivarya thee, aur unake sabhi tatkaal rishtedaron (purushon key saath-saath mahilaaon) key liye bhee. iss bhasha kii dharapravahta kii pushti niyukt pujaariyon dwara kathor pareekshaon key madhyam seey kii jaayegi. isake alawa, "dalchini" aur "chardos" koo chhah maheene key bheetar purtagaali seekhane kii aavashyakta thee, aisaa naa karane parr unhein shaadi key adhikaar seey vanchit curr diyaa jaayega. jesuit, joe aitihaasik roop seey konkani key sabse badey samarthak they, koo 1759 mein pombal key markis dwara gova seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1812 mein, archbishop ney faisala sunaaya kii bachchon koo sankeern vidyaalayon mein konkani bolane seey pratibandhit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. 1847 mein, iss niyam koo madrason taka badhaa diyaa gayaa thaa. 1869 mein, konkani koo 1910 mein portugal key ganarajya banane taka raajya dwara sanchaalit schools mein bhee poori tarah seey pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
iss bhashai visthaapan kaa parinam yeh huaa kii hindu aur catholic abhijaat varg kramshah marathi aur purtagaali kii or rukh curr gaye. gova mein konkani "lingua dee creados" (sevakon kii bhasha) bunn gaee. haalaanki, konkani koo purtagaali sarkari adhikaariyon key beach kuchh samarthan praapt rhaa. joaquim heliodoro daa kunha riwara kaa maanana thaa kii sthaaniya bhaashaon, vishesh roop seey konkani aur marathi kaa upayog karke, saarvajanik shiksha key madhyam key roop mein, purtagaali bhasha koo gova mein behtar tareeke seey failaaya jaa sakata haye. gova mein apane aagaman key turant baad, unhone 1 octuber 1856 koo nova goa (panaji) key escola normal key udghaatan sammelan mein iss vishvaas parr jore diyaa. iss bhaashan kaa paath "boletim doo governo", aine mein paaya jaa sakata haye.oh 78.
konkani koo darkinar kiye jaane key khatare koo dekhate hue, "waman vardene vavalikar", jise "shanai goibeb" (yaa shenoi goyambab) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ney 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein konkani key punruddhar key liye ack spasht ahwan kiya. unake margadarshan mein, konkani logon key beach ack aam saanskritik pehchaan sthaapit karane key madhyam seey, konkani bhasha aur viraasat koo punarjeevit karane key liye ack sthir andolan kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa.
bhaaratiya vilay key baad gova.
1961 mein gova key vilay ney purtagaali koo aadhikarik roop seey hataa diyaa aur prashaasnik uddeshyon key liye angreji dwara isake pratisthaapan koo dekhaa. behtar haye kii gova key loga, chaahe unaki dhaarmik maanyataaen kuchh bhee houn, apane bachchon koo angreji madhyam key schools mein bhejana shuru curr diyaa. marathi madhyam key school nimn jaati key hinduon key beach lokpriya rahey, joe marathi koo usa bhasha key roop mein sammaan key saath dekhate they jisamen sanskrit seey anuvaadit hindu granthon taka pahuncha jaa sakata thaa. konkani key marathi bolly honey aur konkani bolane vaalon key marathi honey kaa tark aakar lene lagaa. halanki "konkani ney dhvanyaatmak vikas key ack puraane charan koo sanrakshit kiya, aur maanak marathi kii tulanaa mein maukhik roopon kii ack badee vividhata dikhaai", anant kakba priyolkar jaise bhaaratiya aur johnn leiden jaise europeeya logon ney iss vichaar koo badhaava diyaa kii konkani ack marathi bolly thee joe ack samanya praakrit mool seey alag hui thee.
konkani banaam marathi.
konkani bhasha andolan kii jadein konkani koo ack swatantra bhasha key roop mein aswikar karane aur gova koo maharashtra mein vilay karane key prayason mein nihit hain. konkani koo kuchh goviyon koo chhodkar ack sambhaavit aadhikarik bhasha key roop mein gambhirta seey naheen liya gayaa thaa. 1960 taka, konkani samarthak aur marathi samarthak samoohon ney parche key vitaran key madhyam seey ack prachaar yuddh shuru curr diyaa. 1962 mein, akhil bhaaratiya konkan parishad ney pahali baar swatantrata key baad gova mein "madgaon" (margaon) mein apana aathvaan satra aayojit kiya aur ack prastaav paarit kiya jisamen kendra saahitya akadami seey konkan koo maanyata dene kaa aagrah kiya gayaa. 
gova key tatkalin mukhyamantri dayanand bandodkar ney 1966 mein marathi koo gova kii ekmatra aadhikarik bhasha ghoshit karane kii vyavaharyata kii jaanch karane key liye ack samiti niyukt kii. unake maharashtravadi gomantak party (aim. jee. pee.) key kuchh sadasyon dwara 1966 mein gova, daman aur deev aadhikarik bhasha vidheyak paarit karane key prayaas kiye gaye joe whiffle rahey. saath hii, 1967 key gova sthiti janmat sangrah ney maharashtra mein gova key niyojit vilay koo whiffle curr diyaa. 22 agast 1970 koo, bandodkar ney devnagari lipi mein likhi gaee konkani koo marathi key saath gova kii aadhikarik bhasha ghoshit kiya.
dayanand bandodkar kii 1973 mein mrityu hoe gaee aur unaki betty sasikal kakodkar gova kii naee mukhyamantri baneen. kakodkar key tahat, marathi key paksh mein sarkari neetiyaan banaai gaeen. gova key sabhi schools mein marathi koo anivarya curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jabaki konkani koo baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. iss neeti kii gova key bheetar aur baahar konkani sangathanon seey kadee aalochana hui thee. halanki 1977 mein kakodkar dwara aur usake baad 1980 mein tatkalin congress mukhyamantri pratapsingh raane dwara konkan koo marathi key barabar maanane key vaade kiye gaye they, lekin 1986 taka iss mamle koo sthagit rakhaa gayaa thaa.
konkani pravritti aavaaj.
apane chunavi ghoshanapatra mein congress party ney kahaa thaa kii ack baar raajya kaa darja praapt honey key baad konkan koo aadhikarik bhasha key roop mein maanyata dee jaayegi aur ise bhaaratiya samvidhaan kii aathvin anusuchi mein shamil karane kii maang kii jaayegi. 1980 mein congress mukhyamantri pratapsingh raane key netritva mein satta mein aaee. kiye gaye vaadon key bavjood, iss mudde parr vilamb kiya. isake kaaran 1986 mein sadakon parr ack andolan huaa jise lokpriya roop seey "konkani prajatso aavaaj" (konkani logon kii aavaaj) kahaa jaataa haye. gova ney abb taka kaa sabse raktaranjit andolan, bhasha andolan dekhaa, jisamen saat konkan samarthak andolankariyon ney apani zaan ganwa dee aur kaee ghayal hoe gaye. savinay avagya kewal tabhi rookie jaba gova, daman aur deev aadhikarik bhasha vidheyak vidhansabha mein prastut kiya gayaa.
sarkari kaarravaai.
goa, daman aur deev aadhikarik bhasha vidheyak, jise 1986 mein vidhansabha mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa, 4 farwari 1987 koo paarit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen konkani koo daman aur deev key liye marathi aur gujaraati key praavdhaanon key saath gova, daman aur deev key kendra shaasit pradesh kii ekmatra aadhikarik bhasha ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. 30 maee 1987 koo gova koo konkani koo ekmatra aadhikarik bhasha key roop mein raajya kaa darja milaa. kendra saahitya akadami ney 26 farwari 1975 koo devnagari lipi mein konkani koo ack swatantra bhasha key roop mein maanyata dee. isase bhaaratiya samvidhaan kii aathvin anusuchi mein konkani koo shamil karane key nirnay kaa maarg prashast huaa, jisase konkani bhaarat kii aadhikarik bhaashaon mein seey ack bunn gaee.
karnatak aur keral.
gova mein konkan key liye sangharsh, kenra aur travancore mein kissy kaa dhyaan naheen gayaa. shinoi goembab key lekhan seey prerit hocker, kenra (vartamaan mein uttar kannad, udupi aur dakshin kannad) aur travancore (vartamaan mein kochin aur ernakulam) mein konkani bolane vaale loga matribhasha key mudde parr teji seey jagrook hoe rahey they.
pahali saarvajanik konkan samarthak sabhaa gova key baahar aur gair-gova konkaniyon dwara aayojit kii gaee thee. 1939 mein, akhil bhaaratiya konkan parishad kii sthaapana manjunath shanghag key prayason seey kii gaee thee aur pahala satra aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. isake baad udupi mein dow. dwara aayojit doosara satra huaa. tii.aim.aeye. paaee. gova kii mukti aur usake baad key raajya key roop mein karnatak mein konkan kii sthiti koo badhaava milaa. 1962 mein, konkani bhasha prachaar sabhaa, kochin ney bhaarat sarkaar aur bhashai alpasankhyak aayog key saath aathvin anusuchi mein konkani koo shamil karane kaa mudda uthaaya. 1976 mein, mangaluru mein konkani bhasha mandali kii sthaapana kii gaee thee, jisase raajya mein konkani kii sthiti mein vriddhi hui. 1994 mein, karnatak sarkaar ney konkani saahitya kaa prachaar karane key liye manglaur mein karnatak konkani saahitya akadami kii sthaapana kii. pahala vishva konkan sammelan 1995 mein manglaur mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa jisamen bhaarat, madhya poorv, america, britten aadi key 75 kendron seey 5,000 logon koo pratinidhimandal mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. bhaag liya.
2005 mein, vaishvik star parr konkani key kaaran koo aage badhaane key liye ack vishva konkani kendra kii neenv rakhee gaee thee. shaikshanik varsh seey karnatak key schools mein konkani ack vaikalpik vishay bunn gayaa haye.