
mahadevi verma

mahadevi verma (26 march 1907-11 sitambar 1987) ack bhaaratiya hindi bhasha key kavi, nibandhkar, sketch kahani lekhak aur hindi saahitya key ack pratishthit vyaktitva they. unhein hindi saahitya mein "chhayawadi" yug key chaar pramukh stambhon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. unhein aadhunik meera key roop mein bhee sambodhit kiya gayaa haye. kavi nirala ney ack baar unhein "hindi saahitya key vishal mandir mein saraswati" kahaa thaa. verma ney bhaarat koo swatantrata seey pahale aur baad mein donon mein dekhaa thaa. vaha una kaviyon mein seey ack theen jinhone bhaarat key vyaapak samaaj key liye kaam kiya. naa kewal unaki kavita balki mahilaaon key beach unake samajik utthaan kaary aur kalyan vikas koo bhee unake lekhan mein gaharaai seey darshaaya gayaa thaa. yeye naa kewal pathakon koo balki alochakon koo bhee prabhaavit karate they, vishesh roop seey unake upanyaas "deepshikha" key madhyam seey.
unhone hindi kavita mein ack naram shabdawali vikasit kii, jise unake pahale kewal braj bhasha mein hii sambhav maanaa jaataa thaa. isake liye unhone sanskrit aur bangla key naram shabdon koo chunaa aur unhein hindi mein rupaantarit kiya. vaha sangeet mein achchi tarah seey paarangat theen. unake geeton kii sundarta usa swar mein nihit haye joe teekhi abhivyaktiyon kii saumyokti shally koo pakadata haye. unhone apane currier kii shuruat adhyaapan seey kii. vaha prayag mahila vidyapeeth kii pradhaanaadhipati theen. vaha shadishuda thee, lekin usane tapasvi jeevan jeene kaa faisala kiya. vaha ack kushal chitrakaar aur rachanaatmak anuvaadak bhee theen. unhein hindi saahitya mein sabhi mahatvapurna puraskar praapt karane kaa gaurav praapt thaa. pichhali shatabdi kii sabse lokpriya mahila sahityakar key roop mein, vaha apane poore jeevan mein sammaanit raheen. varsh 2007 koo unaki janm shatabdi key roop mein manaaya gayaa thaa. baad mein, googal ney bhee apane googal doodle key madhyam seey dinn manaaya.
jeevan aur shiksha.
praarambhik jeevan.
verma kaa janm 26 march 1907 koo bhaarat key uttar pradesh key farrukhabad key ack hindu chitraguptavanshi kaayasth parivaar mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa govind prasaad verma bhagalpur key ack college mein professor they. unaki maan kaa naam heim raani devi thaa. unaki maan ack dhaarmik, bhavuk aur shakahari mahila theen, jinhen sangeet mein gahari ruchi thee. unaki maan kaee ghanton taka ramayan, geetaa aur vinay patrika kaa paath karati theen. isake vipareet, unake pitaa ack vidwan, sangeet premi, naastik, shikaar key prati utsaahi aur prafullit vyakti they. sumitranandan pant aur suryakant tripathi "nirala" mahadevi verma key karibi dost they. kahaa jaataa haye kii 40 saal taka verma nirala koo raakhi baandhate rahey.
shiksha.
verma koo mool roop seey ack convent school mein bharti karaaya gayaa thaa, lekin virodh aur anichhuk ravaiye key kaaran, unhein allahabad key crosthwaite girls college mein pravesh diyaa gayaa thaa. verma key anusaar, unhone crosthwaite mein chhatrawas mein rahate hue ekataa kii taakat seekhi. yahaan vibhinn dharmon key chhaatr ack saath rahate they. verma ney gupt roop seey kavitaaen likhana shuru curr diyaa; lekin unake kamare key saathi aur varishth subhadra kumari chauhan (joe kavita likhane key liye school mein jaane jaate hain) dwara unaki chhipi hui kavitaon kii khoj key baad, unaki chhipi hui pratibha ujagar hoe gaee.
vaha aur subhadra saptahik patrikaon jaise prakashanon mein kavitaaen bhejati theen aur apani kuchh kavitaaen prakaashit karaane mein kamyab rahati theen. donon navodit kaviyon ney kavita sangoshthiyon mein bhee bhaag liya, jahan way prakhyaat hindi kaviyon seey mille aur darshakon key saamane apani kavitaaen padhkar sunai. yeh saajhedaari taba taka jaari rahee jaba taka kii sabahrada crostwaite seey snaatak naheen hoe gayaa.
apane bachpan kii jeevani "maatr bachpan key dinn" (merey bachpan key dinn) mein verma ney likhaa haye kii vaha bahut bhagyashali theen kii ack udaar parivaar mein ack aise samay mein paida huin jaba ack ladki koo parivaar parr bojh maanaa jaataa thaa. usake daadaa kii kathit taur parr usey vidwan banaane kii mahatvakanksha thee; haalaanki unhone jore dekar kahaa kii vaha parampara kaa paalan karey aur nau saal kii umr mein shaadi karey. unaki maan sanskrit aur hindi donon mein dharapravah theen, aur ack bahut hii dhaarmik mahila theen. mahadevi ney apani maan koo kavita likhane aur saahitya mein ruchi lene key liye prerit karane kaa shreya diyaa.
1929 mein snaatak honey key baad, mahadevi ney apane pati swaroop narayan verma key saath rahane seey incar curr diyaa kyonki way asangat they. usey uska shikaar aur maans khaane mein pareshani hui. choonki vaha ack bachche key roop mein vivaahit thee, isaliye usey apani shiksha poori karane key baad hii apane pati key saath rehna thaa, jaisa kii rivaaj thaa, lekin jaba usane apana beee puuraa kiya, tou usane usake saath rahane seey incar curr diyaa. usake pashchaataappurna pitaa ney usake saath dharm parivartan karane kii peshkash kii yadi vaha talaak lena chaahati thee aur punarvivah karna chaahati thee (kyonki hindu usa samay kanuni roop seey talaak naheen leey sakate they) lekin usane yeh kahate hue incar curr diyaa kii vaha akeli rehna chaahati thee. usane apane pati koo phir seey shaadi karane key liye manaane kii asafal koshish kii. baad mein, bataaya gayaa kii unhone bauddh nana banane parr vichaar kiya thaa, lekin antatah unhone aisaa naheen kiya, halanki unhone apani master degree key hisse key roop mein bauddh paali aur praakrit granthon kaa adhyayan kiya.
peshevar carrier.
saahityik.
"nihaar" (aaipaah nihaar) unakaa pahala kavita sangrah thaa. 1930 mein, "nihaar", 1932 mein, "rashmi", 1933 mein, "neerja" unaki rachana thee. 1935 mein, unakaa kavita sangrah "sandhyageet" prakaashit huaa. 1939 mein, "yama" sheershak key tahat apani kalakritiyon key saath chaar kavya sangrah prakaashit kiye gaye. inke alawa, unhone 18 upanyaas aur laghu kathaaen likhi theen jinamen "meraa parivaar" (meraa parivaar), "smriti kii rekhaaye" (smriti kii panktiyaan), "path key saathi" (path key saathi), "sankola key karey" (link kii shrinkhala) aur "atit key chalaacharit" (pichhali filmein) pramukh hain. unhein bhaarat mein narivad kii agrani bhee maanaa jaataa haye.
mahilaaon kii vakaalat.
verma kaa currier hamesha lekhan, sampadan aur shikshan key ird-gird ghoomata rhaa haye. unhone allahabad mein prayag mahila vidyapeeth key vikas mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa. iss tarah kii jimmedaari koo usa samay mahila shiksha key kshetra mein ack krantikari kadam maanaa jaataa thaa. vaha isaki pradhaan bhee thee. 1923 mein, unhone mahilaaon kii pramukh patrika koo apane haath mein leey liya. varsh 1955 mein verma ney ilchandra joshi kii madad seey allahabad mein saahityik sansad kii sthaapana kii aur isake prakaashan kaa sampadan shuru kiya. unhone bhaarat mein mahila kaviyon key sammelanon kii neenv rakhee. mahadevi bauddh dharm seey bahut prabhaavit theen. mahatma gaandhi key prabhaav mein, unhone saarvajanik seva shuru kii aur bhaaratiya swatantrata sangram key saath-saath jhaansi mein bhee kaam kiya. 1937 mein, mahadevi verma ney nainital seey 25 kimmy door uttarakhand key ramgarh key umagarh naamak gaanv mein ack ghar banaaya. unhone iska naam meera mandir rakhaa. unhone gaanv key logon aur unaki shiksha key liye kaam karna shuru curr diyaa jaba taka kii vaha vahaan naheen raheen. unhone bahut kaam kiya, vishesh roop seey mahilaaon kii shiksha aur unaki aarthik aatmanirbharta key liye. aaj iss bangale koo mahadevi saahitya sangrahalaya key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye. prayason kii shrinkhala mein, vaha mahilaaon kii mukti aur vikas key liye saahas aur dridh sankalp badhaane mein saksham thee. jiss tarah seey unhone samajik roodhivaad kii ninda kii haye, usase unhein ack mahila muktivaadi key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. mahilaaon aur unaki shiksha key prati vikas kaary aur saarvajanik seva key kaaran unhein samaaj sudhaarak bhee kahaa jaataa thaa. unaki poori rachanaon mein, kaheen bhee dard yaa peedaa kaa koee darshan naheen haye, lekin adamya rachanaatmak rosh samaaj kii parivartan kii adamya ichcha aur vikas key prati ack janmajaat lagaav mein parilakshit hotaa haye.
hindu stree kaa patnitva" (hindu mahilaaon kii patni) mein vivaah kii tulanaa gulami seey kii jaati haye. vaha likhati hain kii kissy bhee raajneetik yaa vittiya pradhikaran seey sambaddh naheen honey key kaaran, mahilaaon koo patni aur maataa honey key jeevan key liye saunpa jaataa haye. unake narivad parr aksar unake kavya vyaktitva kaa prabhaav padata haye. chaa" jaisi kavitaon key madhyam seey, unhone mahila kamukta key vishayon aur vichaaron kaa pataa lagaaya, jabaki "biblia" jaisi unaki laghu kahaaniyon mein mahilaaon key shaaririk aur mansik shoshan key anubhavon key vishay parr charcha kii gaee.
unhone apana adhikansh jeevan uttar pradesh key allahabad (prayagraj) mein bitaaya. 11 sitambar 1987 koo allahabad mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
kaam kartaa haye.
verma ack kavi honey key saath-saath ack pratishthit gadya lekhak bhee they. unaki rachanaaen iss prakaar hain.
kavita.
mahadevi verma key kaee anya kavya sangrah bhee prakaashit hue hain, jinamen uparokt rachanaon seey chayanit geeton koo sankalit kiya gayaa haye.
gadya.
chayanit gadya rachanaon kii soochi mein shamil hain -
anya.
mahadevi verma kii bachchon kii kavitaon key dou sankalan hain -
aalochanatmak vishleshan.
alochakon kaa ack varg way hain joe maanate hain kii mahadevi kii kavita bahut vyaktigat haye. usaki peedaa, peedaa aur karuna kritrim hain.
ramchandra shukla jaise naitik alochakon ney unaki peedaa aur bhaavanaon kii sachchai parr savalia nishan lagaa diyaa haye. doosari or way hazari prasaad koo uddhrit karate hain, dvivedi unaki kavita koo ack saamoohik mandand maanate hain. (nihaar) seey "deep", (neera) seey "madhur madhur maatr deepak jall" aur "mome saa taana gull haye" jaisi kavya kritiyaan nishkarsh nikaalati hain kii yeye kavitaaen naa kewal mahadevi kii aatm-kendritata kii vyakhya karati hain, balki unaki kavitaon kii samanya mudra aur banaavat kaa ack pratinidhi roop bhee maani jaati hain. satyaprakash mishra ney cinematography seey sambandhit apane tatvamimansa key darshan key baare mein kahaa - 
americi upanyaskar david rubin ney unake karyon key baare mein nimnalikhit kahaa haye
prabhakar shrotriya kaa maanana haye kii joe loga unhein peedaa aur nirasha kii kavayitri maanate hain, way naheen jaanate kii usa peedaa mein kitni aag haye joe jeevan key satya koo ujagar karati haye. way kahate hainh verma kii kavya duniya vaastav mein chhaayavaad (chhaaya) kii chhaaya mein aatee haye, lekin unaki kavita koo unake yug seey poori tarah seey asambaddh dekhane key liye, koee unake saath anyaay curr rhaa hoga. mahadevi ack sachet lekhika bhee theen. 1973 mein bangal key akaal key dauran, unhone ack kavita sangrah prakaashit kiya aur bangal seey sambandhit "banga bhoo shaant vandana" naamak ack kavita bhee likhi. isi tarah, chean key aakraman key jawab mein, unhone "himalaya" naamak kavitaon key sangrah kaa sampadan kiya thaa.
sammaan aur puraskar.
inke alawa, 1979 mein, prasiddh bhaaratiya film nirmaata mrinal saine ney apane sansmaran "voe cheeni bhaai" parr neel akasher neeche naamak ack bangali film kaa nirmaan kiya. 14 sitambar 1991 koo, bhaarat sarkaar key daak vibhaag ney unake sammaan mein jayashankar prasaad key saath 2 kii yugal tikat jaari kii.
saahityik yogdan.
saahitya mein mahadevi verma kaa uday usa samay huaa jaba saahitya key aakar koo parishkrit kiya jaa rhaa thaa. unhone hindi kavita mein braj bhasha kii komalata kii shuruat kii. unhone hamein bhaaratiya darshan kii haardik sweekriti key saath geeton kaa ack bhandar diyaa. iss tarah, unhone bhasha, saahitya aur darshan key teen kshetron mein mahatvapurna kaam kiya, joe baad mein ack poori peedhi koo prabhaavit kiya. unhone apane geeton kii rachana aur bhasha mein ack anoothi lay aur sadgi kaa nirmaan kiya, saath hii prateekon aur chhaviyon kaa praakritik upayog joe paathak key dimag mein ack tasveer kheenchate hain. chhayaavadi kavita kii samriddhi mein unakaa yogdan bahut mahatvapurna haye. jayashankar prasaad ney chhayavadi kavita koo swabhavik roop diyaa, suryakant tripathi "nirala" ney isamen mukti koo moort roop diyaa aur sumitranandan pant ney swaadishtata kii kalaa koo laaya, lekin verma ney chhayaavadi kavita mein jeevan koo moort kiya. unaki kavita kii sabse pramukh visheshta bhavanatmakta aur bhavna kii teevrata haye. hriday kii sookshmatam sookshm abhivyaktiyon kii aisee jeevant aur moort abhivyakti 'verma' koo sarvshreshth chhayavadi kaviyon mein seey ack banaati haye. unhein hindi mein unake bhashanon key liye sammaan key saath yaad kiya jaataa haye. unake bhaashan aam aadami key liye karuna seey bharey hue they aur sachchai mein dridh they. 1983 mein dilli mein hue teesare vishva hindi sammelan mein, vaha samaapan samaroh kii mukhya atithi theen.
mool rachanaon key alawa, vaha ack rachanaatmak anuvaadak bhee theen, jinake anuvaad 'saptaparna' (1980) jaise kaam they. apani saanskritik chetna kii madad seey, unhone veda, ramayan, theragatha aur ashwaghosh, kalidas, bhavbhooti aur jaydev kii kritiyon kii pehchaan sthaapit karke apane kaam mein hindi kavita key 39 chuninda mahatvapurna ansh prastut kiye hain. shuruat mein, 61 prishth key 'apana baat' mein, vaha bhaaratiya gyaan aur saahitya kii iss amulya viraasat key saath gahan shodh karati hain, joe kewal seemit mahila lekhan key bajaay hindi kii samagr soch aur uttam lekhan koo samriddh karati haye.

