
chhah kaa mukadama

chhah (, "dicky tunn éx (i)") kaa mukadama yaa chhah kaa nishpaadan, 1922 key anta mein, asia minor mein yunani sainya haar key liye jimmedaar virodhi-venegelist adhikaariyon kaa rajdroh kaa mukadama thaa. mukadame kii parinati maut kii sajaa aur nau prativaadiyon mein seey chhah koo fansi dene mein hui.
prishthabhoomi.
9 sitambar 1922 koo, turkey senaa aur gurilla balon ney asia minor mein smirna (abb izmir) shahar mein pravesh kiya, jiss parr pahale grees ney savers kii sandhi dwara kabja curr liya thaa. asia minor key saikadon hajaaron yunani nivasi aage badhate turkon seey bachane key liye samudra key paar parivahan kii talash mein smirna bhaag gaye. athens mein raaj-samarthak sarkaar ney sthiti parr niyantran khou diyaa aur kewal ghatnaaon key saamane aaney parr hii dekh sakati thee. turkey senaa key aaney seey ack dinn pahale, 8 sitambar koo peechhe hatane vaali yunani "poorv kii senaa" ney smirna koo chhod diyaa. parivahan dair seey aaya aur bhaagne kii koshish curr rahey logon kii sankhya key saapeksh bahut cumm sankhya mein, jisake parinamswarup arajakta aur dahashat fail gaee. ack arajak aur khooni ladaai mein jise "greco-turkey yuddh" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa, grees ney turkey key liye asia minor bhoomi janadesh khou diyaa. joe loga kshetra kii khooni nikasi seey butch gaye they, way apana shesh jeevan sharanarthiyon key roop mein bitaayenge.(yoonaanih κικρασιατικικε καταστροφι, "micrassiatiki cotstrophy").
takhtapalat.
raaj-virodhi guton ney, saarvajanik akrosh key kshan koo hadapate hue, raaj-samarthak sarkaar key khilaf kadam rakhaa aur athens aur agean dweepon mein ack sainya takhtapalat huaa. yuddh key maidanon mein haar key liye ack krodhit nagrik pratikriya key samarthan seey, 11 sitambar 1922 koo, curnell nicolaos plastiras aur stylianos gonatas ney ack "krantikari samiti" kaa gathan kiya, jisane raajaa sangrodh (haar key liye jimmedaar maanaa jaataa haye) key tyag kii maang kii. unhone shaahi sarkaar key istife aur sainya aapada key liye jimmedaar logon koo sajaa dene kii bhee maang kii. takhtapalat koo venegelist general theodoros panglos dwara sahaayata pradaan kii gaee thee, joe taba athens mein tainaat they. rajdhani mein badey paimaane parr pradarshanon key samarthan seey, takhtapalat safal rahah dou dinn baad, 13 sitambar koo, jaba plastiras aur gonata apane netritva vaali sainya ikaaiyon key saath laurium key bandargah mein utare, tou raajaa constantine ney 27 sitambar koo apane pahale bete, george key paksh mein tyag diyaa aur sisili key liye ravaana hoe gaye, jahaan chaar maheene baad unaki mrityu hoe gaee. sarkari mantriyon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur nae raajaa ney ack nae prashaasan key liye sahamati vyakt kii, joe takhtapalat key liye anukool thaa.
mukadama.
25 octuber 1922 (usa samay upayog mein aaee "purani shally" yunani calender parr 12 octuber), junta ney ack "asadharan sainya nyayadhikaran" kaa gathan kiya, joe 13 navambar (31 octuber) koo tatkalin sansad bhawan mein bulaaya gayaa aur 15 dinn kaa mukadama chalaaya, jisamen apadasth prashaasan key paanch sabse varishth sadasya (demetrios gaunaris, georgios baltazis (), nicolaos stratos, nicolaos theotokis (), aur petros protopadakis) aur general georgios hetzianstis (asia minor abhiyaan key antim commander-inn-cheef) parr uchch rajdroh kaa mukadama chalaaya gayaa, doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur maut kii sajaa sunai gaee. unhein faisala sunaaye jaane key kuchh ghanton baad aur 28 navambar 1922 (15 navambar) koo isake prakaashan seey pahale fansi dee gaee thee. nirnay key anusaar, nirvaasit sangrodh kii simhaasan parr vaapsee key liye apane samarthan key saath aur kemal key khilaf yuddh key dauran apane nirnayon key saath, rashtriya hiton koo nuksan pahunchaaya aur sahyogiyon key saath sambandhon koo tanaav diyaa, jisase desh haar gayaa. yeh nirnay pahale hastakshar karane key liye plastiras key karyalaya mein liya gayaa thaa, "kranti key netaa". jaba nirnay prakaashit kiya gayaa tou yeh "hellens key raajaa george dwiteeya key naam parr" shuru huaa.
dou prativaadiyon, admiral michael gaudas () aur general zenophone stratigos koo aajivan karawas kii sajaa millie. poorv raajaa key bhaai, rajkumar andru, joe asafal abhiyaan mein ack varishth commanding adhikaari bhee they, koo bhee doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa, lekin usa samay way corfu mein they. unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa, athens leey jaaya gayaa, kuchh dinon baad usee nyayadhikaran dwara mukadama chalaaya gayaa, aur unhein usee aparaadh kaa doshi paaya gayaa aur maut kii sajaa sunai gaee. usake baad usaki sajaa koo aajivan key liye grees seey nirvaasan key liye cumm curr diyaa gayaa kyonki vaha "uchch sainya kamaan key anubhav mein poori tarah seey kamee" paaya gayaa thaa (yoonaanih "της τελείας απειρίας περί διοκησιν ανωτέρων ανονάδων"). rajkumar aur unake parivaar (jisamen unake shishu putra-ack lakadi key sabji key dibbe mein leey jaaya gayaa-rajkumar phillip, baad mein edinberg key duke) koo 4 disambar koo british yuddhapot, "hms calypso" parr nikala gayaa, jisase corfu dweep koo brindici key liye chhod diyaa gayaa.
isake baad.
sweeden, neetherland aur united kingdam key dutaavaason ney apatti jataai aur binaa safalata key dund koo radd karane kii koshish kii. fansi key baad, aur jawab mein, united kingdam ney kuchh samay key liye grees mein apane rajdoot koo vaapas leey liya.
fansi denaa yunani roodhivaadiyon key liye ack tarah kaa jhataka thaa, jabaki unhone agale dashakon mein, cumm seey cumm 4 agast key shasson kii sthaapana taka, rajvadiyon aur udaarpanthiyon key beach sangharsh koo badhaa diyaa.
1932 mein, sansad mein ack bhaashan key dauran, pradhaan mantri venezelos ney samarthan kiya kii peedit vaastav mein "rajdroh key liye doshi naheen they", lekin vaha sainya nyayadhikaran key kissy bhee krantikari adhikaari kii ninda naheen curr sakate they, kyonki unhone deshbhakti aur sadguni tareeke seey kaam kiya thaa.
palat gayaa.
2010 mein, yunani adalaton ney nae sakshya key kaaran doshasiddhi koo radd curr diyaa aur phir seema avadhi key kaaran chhah key liye uchch rajdroh key aaropon koo bhee khariz curr diyaa. poorv pradhaanmantri petros protopadakis kaa potaa adalat mein nae saboot pesh karane mein saksham thaa joe 1922 key mukadame mein anupasthit thaa aur jise punah mukadame key liye paryaapt maanaa gayaa thaa.
uchch rajdroh key liye pichhale doshasiddhi koo palatane kaa mukadama schooly pathyapustakon koo phir seey likhane key prayaas mein kiya gayaa thaa joe chhah key liye anuchit thee aur iss vishvaas koo badhaava dene key liye kii chhah logon koo iss upman parr janata key gusse koo shaant karane key liye bully kaa bakra banaaya gayaa thaa kii yoonaniyon koo asia kii chhoti aapada mein peedit kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh kii chhah, jinhen parajit yunani balon koo dekhane kii koee ichcha naheen thee, vaastav mein una paristhitiyon key shikaar they jinhen way niyantrit karane mein asamarth they.

