
1992 dakshin african rangbhed janmat sangrah

rangbhed koo samaapt karane parr ack janmat sangrah 17 march 1992 koo dakshin africa mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. janmat sangrah shwet dakshin african matdaataon taka seemit thaa, jinase poochha gayaa thaa kii kyaa way raajya key rashtrapati aff dwara shuru kiye gaye baatchit sudhaaron kaa samarthan karate hain yaa naheen. doubleu. dee clerk ney dou saal pahale, jisamen unhone 1948 seey lagu kii gaee rangbhed pranali koo samaapt karane kaa prastaav rakhaa thaa. chunaav kaa parinam "haan" paksh key liye ack badee jeet thee, jisake parinamswarup antatah rangbhed koo hataa diyaa gayaa. dou saal baad saarvbhaumik matadhikar kii shuruat kii gaee.
prishthabhoomi.
2 farwari 1990 koo, sansad mein apane udghaatan bhaashan mein, raajya key adhyaksh aff. doubleu. dee clerk ney ghoshana kii kii african rashtriya congress aur dakshin african communist party jaise kuchh raajneetik dalon parr pratibandh hataa diyaa jaayega aur nelson mandela koo 27 saal kii jail key baad riha curr diyaa jaayega. dee clerk ney ghoshana kii kii mrityudand nilambit curr diyaa jaayega aur apatkal kii sthiti hataa dee jaayegi. raajya key rashtrapati ney sansad mein apane bhaashan mein kahaa kii "baatchit kaa samay aaa gayaa haye.
nelson mandela koo 11 farwari 1990 koo cape town key paas paarl mein victor worster jail seey riha kiya gayaa thaa. 21 march 1990 koo dakshin paschim africa namibia key naam seey swatantra hoe gayaa. maee mein sarkaar ney aeye. aine. see. key saath baatchit shuru kii. juuna mein apatkal kii sthiti koo hataa liya gayaa thaa aur aeye. aine. see. yuddhaviram key liye sahmat hoe gayaa thaa. 1991 mein, bhoomi key swaamitva koo pratibandhit karane vaale adhiniyamon, alag rahane vaale kshetron koo nirdisht karane aur nasl key anusaar vargeekrit logon koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
janmat sangrah seey pahale.
janmat sangrah seey pahale, sattaaroodh rashtriya party dou saal pahale rangbhed koo samaapt karane key liye baatchit kii ghoshana karane key baad seey teen upchunaav haar gaee thee, aur isaki sthiti kaa virodh roodhivaadi party ney kiya thaa, jisane baatchit kaa virodh kiya thaa aur ack loktaantrik dakshin africa (kodaa) key liye sammelan kaa bahishkaar kiya thaa. 24 janwari 1992 koo, rashtrapati dee clerk ney sansad kholi aur sujhaav diyaa kii ack janmat sangrah aayojit kiya jaayega, jisamen pratyek daud samooh key vote kii alag seey ginati kii jaayegi. jaba 19 farwari koo potchefstroom upchunaav mein rashtriya party koo ack pareekshan mutt kahane key baad haraaya gayaa, tou isaki vishvasaniyata parr sandeh paida hoe gayaa.
iss beach, sarkaar aur african rashtriya congress key beach baatchit dheemi gati seey aage badh rahee thee. dakshin african basti mein hinsa badh rahee thee, vibhinn dakshinpanthi samooh adhik pramukh hotey jaa rahey they, aur shwet samudaay key bheetar asantosh badh rhaa thaa. kaale kasbon mein sthiti aur manodasha bhee bigad rahee thee. iss prakaar sarkaar baatchit mein pragati karane key liye gharelu aur antarrashtriya dabaav mein thee.
jabaki roodhivaadi party ney daavaa kiya kii potchefstroom mein apani haar key baad sarkaar key paas aeye. aine. see. key saath baatchit karane kaa janadesh naheen thaa, raajya adhyaksh aff. doubleu. dee clerk ney 20 farwari koo ghoshana kii kii shwet matdaataon key liye ack rashtriya janmat sangrah sarkaar key-aur unake apane-samarthan kaa pareekshan karane key liye aayojit kiya jaaegaah yadi janmat sangrah kaa parinam nakaratmak hotaa, tou dee clerk ney istifa dey diyaa hotaa aur aam chunaav aayojit kiye jaate. jaba dee clerk ney shuru mein janmat sangrah kii ghoshana kii, tou kaee loga iss tathya kii aalochana curr rahey they kii janmat sangrah mein kewal goron koo hii vote dene kaa adhikaar thaa.
abhiyaan.
rashtriya party aur loktaantrik party ney "haan" vote key liye prachaar kiya, jabaki roodhivaadi party key netritva mein roodhivaadi dakshinpanthi ney "naheen" vote key liye prachaar kiya. 1992 mein dee clerk key adhikansh prayaas unake dakshinpanthi virodhiyon koo khush karane aur kamjor karane kii disha mein nirdeshit they, joe rangbhed key roodhivaadi rakshak they joe 1980 key dashak key dauran rashtriya party seey alag hoe gaye they. dee clerk ney dakshin africa key shwet logon koo yeh dikhaane kaa prayaas kiya kii sarkaar aeye. aine. see. koo shakti naheen dey rahee thee, balki "shakti saajha karane" key aadhar parr baatchit curr rahee thee. isane shwet matdaataon koo chetavani dee kii "naheen" vote kaa matlab antarrashtriya pratibandhon kii nirantarta, grih yuddh kaa khatra aur dakshin africa mein arajakta bigadana hoga.
dee clerk ney press koo bataaya kii vaha shwet matdaataon seey aage kii manjuri key binaa, aeye. aine. see. aur anya ashwet netaaon key saath badhyakari samjhauton mein pravesh karane key liye ack janadesh key roop mein bahumat "haan" vote kii vyakhya karenge. unhone kahaa kii samvaidhaanik samjhaute kii sharton koo manjuri dene key liye doosara janmat sangrah aavashyak naheen hoga jaba taka kii way sarkaar key vaadon seey "kaafee hudd taka alag" naa houn. inn vaadon mein adhikaaron kaa ack vidheyak, sarkaar kii shaakhaon key beach shaktiyon kaa vibhajan, ack swatantra nyaypalika aur dou sadanon seey yukt ack sansad shamil thee.
rashtriya party kaa "haan" vote abhiyaan ack tarah kaa thaa joe dakshin africa mein pahale kabhi naheen dekhaa gayaa thaa. rashtriya party ney desh bhar mein badey raajneetik samaroh aayojit kiye aur kaee rashtriya samachar patron mein vigyaapan prakaashit kiye aur television mein vyaavsaayik samay kharida. isane badey paimaane parr chunaav "haan" key poster banaae, jisamen sandesh thaa "haan! jaa! saa "aur ack poster jisamen bandook key saath ack aeye. doubleu. bee. sadasya kii tasveer dikhaai gaee haye aur paath key saath" aap iss aadami koo roque sakate hain! haan mein vote karein. loktaantrik party key paas "jaa veer vrede (shaanti key liye haan)" sandesh key saath adhik paaramparik poster they.
andrease trairnict key netritva mein "naheen" abhiyaan ney "ashwet bahumat shasson" aur "poorv saamyavaadi shasson" kii chetavani dee. roodhivaadi party ney shwet atmanirnaya kii bhee vakaalat kii aur tark diyaa kii shwet dakshin african logon koo khud parr shasson karane kaa adhikaar haye. abhiyaan key dauran, "naheen" paksh ney shwet alpasankhyak key liye ack swatantra matribhoomi, yaa wolkstat kii vakaalat karna shuru curr diyaa. 
haan" abhiyaan kaa ack mahatvapurna laabh thaa, kyonki ise sarkaar, vipakshi loktaantrik dall, media, antarrashtriya samudaay aur adhikansh vaanijyik aur vyaavsaayik sangathanon kaa samarthan praapt thaa. ranneetik aur antarrashtriya adhyayan kendra key anusaarah
parinam.
kshetra dwara.
cape town (vampanthi gadh) aur durban mein 85 pratishat ney "haan" mein aur pretoria mein 57 pratishat seey adhik ney "haan" mein matdan kiya. kewal uttari transwall mein pietersberg, ack graameen dakshinpanthi gadh, ney 57 pratishat key saath "naheen" mein matdan kiya. yahaan taka kii chronstad mein, ack roodhivaadi gadh, jahaan saat sansadiya seeton mein seey paanch parr "naheen" pracharakon key paas they, "haan" paksh ney 52 pratishat key saath jeet hassil kii.
isake baad.
janmat sangrah key agale dinn rashtrapati dee clerk ney kahaa kii "aaj hamane rangbhed parr pustak koo bund curr diyaa haye" kyonki unhone apana 56vaan janmadin manaaya. nelson mandela ney kahaa kii vaha "vaastav mein bahut khush they. cape times" samachar bill mein badey paath "yeh haan haye" kaa prabhutva thaa.
roodhivaadi party aur african paksh key beach gathbandhan ney cp koo nuksan pahunchaaya hoga aur kuchh mamalon mein matdaataon koo "haan" paksh seey bhee daraya hoga. rangbhed key kuchh roodhivaadi aur ugravaadi rakshakon ney janmat sangrah kaa bahishkaar kiya, halanki matdan record star parr thaa, joe kuchh kshetron mein 96 pratishat seey adhik taka pahunch gayaa.
dee clerk aur unaki sarkaar abb yeh daavaa curr sakati thee kii gorey saarvbhaumik matadhikar key paksh mein they aur unake paas african rashtriya congress key saath baatchit karane key liye ack spasht janadesh thaa. aeye. aine. see. ney shuru mein janmat sangrah koo aswikar curr diyaa thaa, mukhya roop seey kyonki kewal goron koo hii matdan karane kii anumati thee. lekin choonki "naheen" vote seey naa kewal baatchit kaa khatra hoga, balki desh mein raajneetik arajakta bhee badhegi, aur choonki isake paas yeh vakaalat karane kaa koee kaaran naheen thaa kii gorey baatchit kaa virodh karate hain, isaliye aeye. aine. see. ney "haan" vote kii vakaalat kii.
dakshinpanthi samoohon ney janmat sangrah kii aalochana kii aur sarkaar parr chunavi dhokhadhadi kaa aarop lagaaya. way vahaan khou gaye they jahan way pahale sabse majboot they, africaner hriday bhoomi mein aur badey shaharon mein. halanki, chunavi aniyamitataon key sambandh mein kabhi koee saboot saamane naheen rakhaa gayaa haye. trairnict ney daavaa kiya kii media prachaar, videshi hastakshep, karmchaariyon key khilaf vyavsaayiyon dwara dhamkiyan aur chunavi dhokhadhadi key parinamswarup "haan" vote milaa thaa.
27 aprail 1994 koo, dakshin africa ney apana pahala gair-jaatiya chunaav aayojit kiya, jisake parinamswarup african rashtriya congress key liye ack badee jeet hui aur nelson mandela koo dakshin africa kaa pahala ashwet rashtrapati banaaya.

