bhavishya kii bhasha

futunaan yaa futunian futun (aur alofi) parr bolly jaane vaali polynesian bhasha haye. poorv-futunaan shabd kaa upayog ise futunaa key baahari dweepon parr boley jaane vaale sambandhit paschim futunaan (futun-aniwan) aur vanuatu mein aneeva seey alag karane key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye.
yeh bhasha anya paschimi polynesian bhaashaon seey nikatata seey sambandhit haih fagova, valician, tongan, samoan, tokelaau aur neuafou.
ise austronesian, malaayo-polynesian, madhya-purvi malaayo-polynesian, purvi malaayo-polynesian, mahasagariya, madhya-purvi mahasagariya, doorasth mahasagariya, madhya prashant, poorv physian-polynesian, polynesian, paramanu, samoic-baahari, futunic, futuna, poorv key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye.
yeh bhasha mool prashant bhaashaon key ghatate samooh kaa sadasya haye, ise luptapray key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye.
itihas.
raajaa sigaave ney 16 farwari 1888 koo ack francisi sanrakshit raajya kii sthaapana key liye ack sandhi parr hastakshar kiye, missionaryon dwara aisaa karane key liye dabaav daalane key baad. dweepon koo nyu caledonia kii francisi coloney key adhikaar key tahat rakhaa gayaa thaa. 1917 mein, teen paaramparik raajyon valis, futuna aur alofi koo france key upaniveshon key roop mein jodaa gayaa thaa. 1961 mein nagrikon ney ack francisi videshi kshetra banane parr matdan kiya, iss tathya key bavjood kii dweepon mein alag-alag sanskritiyon key saath dou alag-alag polynesian samaaj hain, kanuni roop seey deewaar aur bhavishya koo ekjut kiya.
ack francisi upanivesh honey key bavjood, futunan europeeya bhasha key prabhutva key bhashai parinamon seey apekshaakrit sanrakshit rhaa. dusare vishva yuddh key aspas sthiti badalane luggy jaba vaktaaon kii sankhya mein naatakiya roop seey girawat aaney luggy. girawat mein ack pramukh ghatana badee sankhya mein mool futunion vaktaaon kaa nyu caledonia mein aapravaasan thaa. taba seey french samaaj mein futunan koo shamil curr chuki haye, joe grade schools mein upayog kii jaane vaali praathamik bhasha bunn gaee haye. futunan loga apani bhasha rojana bolate hain aur upayog karate hain, mukhya roop seey kewal europeeya mool nivaasiyon key sampark mein yaa shaikshik kshetron key bheetar french kaa upayog karate hain. aar. aff. oh.-radio 15 minut key dainik samachar prasaran koo futunaan mein prasaarit kartaa haye.
dhvanivigyaan.
futunan bhasha mein paanch swar hain;/a, e, i, o, u/, joe chhote yaa lambe hoe sakate hain. lambe swaron koo ack macron dwara darshaaya jaataa haih ā, ē, ī, ō, ü.
futunan mein 11 vyanjan hotey hainh 4 plosive/pee, tii, key, α/; 3 anunaasik/aim, aine, α/; 1 taral/ell/; aur 3 fricative/aff, vee, aiss/.
futunan shabdansh sanrachana (see) vee haye, udaaharan key liyeh "eo" (haan), "tausu" (baithak jahaan koee kaava peetaa haye), "auaa" (nakaratmak anivaaryata kaa kann), aadi.).
vyaakaran.
sarvanam.
futunaan mein abb shayed hii kabhi thurd person sarvanam kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. sabhi sarvanam sandarbhon key liye, teesare vyakti key ekvachan koo chhodkar, futunan poorv-prastut aur uttar-prastut sarvanamon kaa vikalp pradaan kartaa haye, joe vishay seey pahale yaa baad mein rakhe gaye sarvanam hain. aadhunik futunan ney poorv-prastut aur uttar-prastut sarvanamon koo vyakt karane kii sambhavana koo samaapt curr diyaa haye. clitic sarvanam (clitic sarvanam ack aasann shabd parr nirbhar hotey hain aur apane arth mein khade naheen hoe sakate hain.) pahale aur dusare prakaar key vibhinn prakaar key tarkon key anuroop hoe sakate hainh akarmak khandon kaa nirpeksh, sankraamak khandon kaa ergative, aur sankraamak khandon kaa nirpeksh. kuchh mamalon mein polynesian bhasha parivaar key liye advitiya, futunan ack ergative kriya key rogi koo sandarbhit karane key liye ack poorv-prastut sarvanam kaa upayog kartaa haye. anaupchaarik baatchit mein poorv-maukhik sarvanam kaa upayog aksar kiya jaa sakata haye.
futunan baatchit mein poorv-prastut sarvanamon kaa vyaapak vaakya rachana upayog kartaa haye, jahan post-posed sarvanamon kaa upayog poonchh mein adhik kiya jaataa haye. post-posed sarvanam vaale vaakyon mein kewal dou sambhaavit shabd crum hotey hainh vaao (kriya, kriyavisheshan, vastu) yaa voa (kriya, vastu, kriyavisheshan) (udaaharan key liyeh atuci aeye auo aeye laatau key eno oh fakafoga loku aaee collo aaee esso oh tolok. "unhone tolok mein utsav mein jaane aur gaanv kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye meraa pratinidhitva kiya"). saha-ghatit clitic aur post-posed sarvanamon ney samaan dhyaan kendrit karane vaale karyon key saath post-posed sarvanamon kii anoothi ghatana koo raasta diyaa haye.
kriyaaen.
nishchit bahuvachan sangyaon aur sangya vakyanshon, uttar-maukhik sarvanamon aur uchit sangyaon seey pahale marker 'aeye' kii aavashyakta hoti haye, halanki yeh ack lekh yaa swatvabodhak sarvanam seey pahale vakyanshon key liye aavashyak naheen haye. marker 'ee' kaa upayog ergative tarkon key saamane kiya jaataa haye. aaee' aur 'kii' marker kaee arthon koo shamil karate hain aur kaee sharton koo puuraa karate hain. aamtaur parr 'aaee' kii vastuein anivarya hoti hain, jabaki kewal 'kii' kii kuchh vastuein hii anivarya hoti hain. inca upayog badey paimaane parr dishaatmak, karanatmak yaa vaadya yantra key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. way gantavya, lakshya yaa uddeshya key saath-saath bhavna, pataa yaa samvedana kii kriyaon koo sandarbhit karate hain.
kriya vargon mein avaiyaktik, akarmak (aeye/aeye + aaee), madhya (aeye + kii), sankraamak (aeye + ee), "aeye + ee", "aeye + aaee" yaa aeye + ee "kriyaaen shamil hain. adhikansh aa + aaee aur aeye + ee kriyaaen apani tark sanrachana koo badalane key liye vyutpatti seey gujarati hain. futunaan mein ekal, dohare aur teen tark sanrachanaaen hain. aaee' aur 'kii' pratyayon kaa upayog kriyaon koo praapt karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, ekmatra utpaadak pratyay 'aeye' haye jiska arth haye 'poorna honah'. yadi ack gair-vyutpann kriya key saath ack vaakya mein ack poorna tark ack agent kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, tou ise ack ergative key roop mein chihnit kiya jaayega, aur ack rogi koo nirpeksh mamle mein jodaa jaayega. (udaaharan key liyeh "kutu" kaa arth haye juun; "kutu-aeye" kaa arth haye juun seey dhakaa honah). yadi ack nirpeksh tark ack vyutpann kriya key saath ack vaakya mein ack rogi kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, tou isamen ack atirikt ergative tark hoga. (udaaharan key liyeh "lamata" kaa arth haye vash mein honah, "faaka-lamata" kaa arth haye vash mein honah). dou tarkon key saath madhya kriyaon key mamle mein kriya vyutpatti kaa parinam anubhavkarta koo ergative mein rakhaa jaataa haye, aur tark koo nirpeksh mein rakhaa jaataa haye.

