
gamaal abdel nasser key tahat misra kaa itihas

gamal abdel nasser key tahat misra kaa itihas 1952 kii misra kii kranti seey misra key itihas kii avadhi koo shamil kartaa haye, jisamen gamal abdel nasser dou pramukh netaaon mein seey ack they, joe 1956 seey 1970 mein misra key nasser key rashtrapati pada taka faile hue they. misra key netaa key roop mein nasser key karyakal ney misra mein aadhunikikaran aur samajwadi sudhaar key ack nae daur kii shuruat kii, saath hii saath paine-arab raashtravaad (seeriya key saath ack alpakaalik sangh sahit) kii ack kattar vakaalat kii, aur vishva ekjutata vikasit kii. 1956 mein suez nahar company key rashtriyakaran aur baad mein tripakshiya aakraamakta mein misra kii raajneetik jeet key baad misra aur poore arab duniya mein unaki pratishtha mein vriddhi hui, lekin 1967 key chhah divasiya yuddh mein misra, philistine aur siriyai kshetra parr israel key safal aakraman aur kabje seey buri tarah seey kshatigrast hoe gayaa.
iss yug mein misra key sahasraabdiyon key itihas mein advitiya jeevan star mein teji seey vriddhi dekhi gaee, aur ise ack aise samay key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye jaba aam misra key nagrikon koo awas, shiksha, rojgar, swaasthya seva aur poshan key saath-saath samajik kalyan key anya roopon taka abhootpoorv pahunch kaa anand milata thaa, jabaki poorv abhijaat varg kaa prabhaav cumm hoe gayaa, jaisa kii paschimi sarkaaron kaa prabhaav thaa joe abb taka misra key mamalon parr haavi thee. krishi sudhaar, pramukh aadhunikikaran pariyojanaon, jaise kii helwan steel kaary, aur aswan uchch baandh, aur arthavyavastha key pramukh hisson, vishesh roop seey suez nahar company key rashtriyakaran key madhyam seey rashtriya arthavyavastha mein mahatvapurna vriddhi hui. apane aarthik shikhar parr, nasser kaa misra naa kewal apane nagrikon koo muft shiksha aur swaasthya seva pradaan karane mein saksham thaa, balki anya arab aur african deshon key nagrikon koo bhee, jinhen apane grih deshon mein lautane seey pahale misra mein uchch shiksha lene key liye poorna chhatravritti aur jeevan bhatte kii peshkash kii gaee thee. haalaanki, 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein hue paryaapt aarthik vikas ney dashak key anta mein mandee leey lii, vishesh roop seey jaba uttar yaman grihyuddh mein misra kii sainya daldal gahari hoe gaee, kewal 1970 key dashak key anta mein sudhaar huaa. karyalaya mein nasir key samay key dauran, misra ney sanskriti key swarn yug kaa anubhav kiya, vishesh roop seey rangmanch, film, kavita, television, radio, saahitya, lalit kalaa, haasya aur sangeet mein. nasir key adheen misra ney inn kshetron mein arab duniya parr prabhutva jamaaya, jisamen misra key sangeet kalakar jaise kii abdel haleem huffies, umm kulthum aur mohammad abdel wahab, nagib mahfauz aur taufeek all-hakeem jaise saahityik vyakti, faten hamama, salah zulfikar, soud hosni aur rushdi abaja jaise abhineta aur hosni mubarak key karyakal (1981-2011) key dauran salana sirf ack darjan seey adhik filmon key utpaadan kii tulanaa mein salana 100 seey adhik filmein release hoti hain.
misra ganarajya (1953-58).
1952 kii misra kii kranti.
22-26 julaai 1952 mein, mukt adhikaariyon, misra kii senaa mein asantusht adhikaariyon key ack samooh ney, gamaal abdel nasser dwara sthaapit aur general muhammad nagib key netritva mein, 1952 kii misra kii kranti kii shuruat kii, jisane raajaa farooq koo ukhaad fenka, jinhen senaa ney 1948 key yuddh mein misra key kharaab pradarshan aur misra mein garibi, bimari aur niraksharta seey ladane mein pragati kii kamee key liye doshi thaharaaya. misra aur sudan kaa rajshahi binaa "ack aavaaj" uthaaye binaa chalaa gayaa thaa. agale dou varshon mein, swatantra adhikaariyon ney shakti koo samekit kiya. tatkaal sudhaaron key liye lokpriya apekshaon key kaaran 12 agast 1952 koo kaafr dawar mein shramikon key dangon kaa kaaran banaa, jisake parinamswarup dou maut kii sajaa sunai gaee. nagrik shasson key saath ack sankshipt prayog key baad, swatantra adhikaariyon ney 1953 key samvidhaan koo nirast curr diyaa aur 18 juuna 1953 koo misra koo ack ganarajya ghoshit curr diyaa, muhammad nagib koo misra kaa pahala rashtrapati ghoshit kiya. chhah maheene key bheetar sabhi nagrik raajneetik dalon koo "mukti raili" sarkari dall dwara pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa, joe misra kii garibi, niraksharta aur ack badey madhyam varg kii kamee key aalok mein "sankramankalin adhinayakvad" kii aavashyakta koo dekhate hue abhijaat varg they.
musalman bhaichare kaa daman.
janwari mein, badey muslim bhaichare key sangathan koo gairkaanooni ghoshit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, 2011 kii kranti taka ack avaidh raajneetik sangathan banaa rhaa. yeh kadam 12 janwari 1954 koo bhaichare key sadasyon aur mukti raili key chhaatr pradarshankariyon key beach jhadapon key maddenajar aaya thaa. 26 octuber koo, bhaichare dwara sandigdh hatyaa kaa prayaas alekjendar mein ack raili key dauran nasser parr nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa. isake kaaran shasson ney bhaichare key khilaf kaarravaai karate hue 9 disambar koo bhaichare key netaaon koo fansi dee.
nasser kii adhyakshata.
gamaal abdel nasser pahali baar farwari 1954 mein pradhaanmantri baney. way navambar 1954 seey 1956 mein misra key rashtrapati banane taka krantikari kamaan parishad key adhyaksh they, aur 1970 mein apani mrityu taka rashtrapati key roop mein kaary kiya.
1956.
iss beach, soviyat sangh aur sanyukt raajya america donon dwara naitik roop seey samarthit aar. see. see., vishesh roop seey suez key sambandh mein, british aur francisi key virodh mein ekjut rahane mein kamyab rhaa. aar. see. see. seey nirantar coll key bavjood, sanyukt rashtra mein bahason mein, aur america aur ussr donon key dabaav key bavjood, angrejon ney nahar kaa niyantran nae shasson koo hastaantarit karane seey incar curr diyaa. aar. see. see. ney suez aur damieta mein british aur francisi parr adhik seey adhik hamalon key liye dhana denaa aur samanvaya karna shuru kiya. anta mein, 19 octuber koo, nasser ney misra seey british sainikon kii nikasi key liye ack sandhi parr hastakshar kiye, jise agale 20 maheenon mein puuraa kiya jaanaa thaa. dou saal baad, 18 juuna 1956 koo, nasser ney nahar kshetra parr misra kaa jhanda faharaaya, jisamen british sainikon kii poori nikasi kii ghoshana kii gaee.
nayaa samvidhaan.
rashtrapati nasser ney 16 janwari koo ack lokpriya raili mein ack nae samvidhaan kii ghoshana kii, jisamen rashtrapati kii sarkaar kii pranali sthaapit kii gaee, jisamen rashtrapati key paas mantriyon koo niyukt karane aur barkhast karane kii shakti haye. misra key itihas mein pahali baar mahilaaon koo matdan kaa adhikaar dene key liye 3 march koo ack chunaav kaanoon paarit kiya gayaa thaa. nasser 23 juuna koo ganarajya key dusare rashtrapati key roop mein chune gaye they. 1957 mein, nasir ney rashtriya sangh ("all-ittihaad all-kavami") key gathan kii ghoshana kii, jisase 1952 key baad seey pahali sansad, rashtriya vidhansabha key liye julaai key chunaavon kaa maarg prashast huaa.
arthavyavastha aur samaaj.
bhoomi sudhaar.
mool krantikari british kabje kaa anta chaahte they lekin misra key liye unaki koee ekikrit vichardhara yaa yojana naheen thee. ack mudda jiss parr sahamati bunny aur jiss parr jaldi seey kaarravaai kii gaee, vaha thaa bhoomi sudhaar. misra kii chhah pratishat seey bhee cumm aabaadi key paas misra mein 65 pratishat seey adhik bhoomi thee, jabaki sheersh parr aur 0.5 pratishat seey bhee cumm misra key logon key paas sabhi upajaau bhoomi kaa ack tihai seey adhik swaamitva thaa. bhoomi sudhaar kii prakriya 11 sitambar, 1952 koo shuru hui, jaba (kaee praavdhaanon key beach) ack kaanoon ney 200 seey adhik feedan bhoomi (840000 varg meater) key swaamitva koo pratibandhit curr diyaa; bhoomi key liye kiraaye kii darr koo seemit curr diyaa; kisaanon key liye sahakaari samitiyon kii sthaapana kii; nyuntam majdoori, aadi.
nasser key karyakal key dauran, misra mein kheti kii gaee bhoomi mein lagbhag ack tihai kii vriddhi hui (ack upalabdhi joe kathit taur parr ack sahasrabdi seey adhik samay seey misra key logon seey door thee).
arthavyavastha.
misra kii arthavyavastha lagbhag ack dashak taka ausatan 9 pratishat prati varsh kii darr seey badhee. misra key jee. dee. pee. mein vinirmaan kii hissedari 1940 key dashak key anta mein lagbhag 14 pratishat seey badhkar 1970 key dashak kii shuruat taka 35 pratishat hoe gaee.
"bhoomi-sudhaar karyakram aur misra mein saarvajanik kshetra key nirmaan key sanyojan key parinamswarup misra key sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) kaa lagbhag 75 pratishat desh key ameeron key haathon seey yaa tou raajya yaa laakhon chhote maalikon koo hastaantarit kiya jaa rhaa haye. itane badey paimaane parr samajik karyakram key sabse karibi samanantar unnisvin shatabdi kii shuruat mein mohammad allie paasha key shasson key shuruati dinon mein thaa."
yahoodiyon kaa nirvaasan.
1956-1957 mein, 25,000 yahoodiyon-misra kii yahudi aabaadi kaa lagbhag aadhaa-koo desh seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. ack aur 1,000 koo kaid curr liya gayaa. (1972 taka shesh koo bhee nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.)
videshi mamle.
misra kaa british swaamitva vaali suez nahar kaa rashtriyakaran nasser key liye ack badee jeet thee, jise ack misra key naayak aur ack arab, donon key roop mein manaaya jaataa thaa, joe 'rashtra key dushmanon koo haraane' aur 'arab garima kaa pratinidhitva karane' mein saksham thaa."cheeni pradhaan mantri jhau enlai ney nasser koo 'madhya poorv kaa vishalkay' kahaa.`
nasser gutnirpeksh andolan key vastukaron mein seey ack key roop mein ubhara, jisaki sthaapana 1961 mein naato aur yuddh sandhi donon seey alag 'swatantra rashtron' key ack gutt key roop mein kii gaee thee. lagbhag sabhi african upaniveshvaad virodhi swatantrata senani margadarshan, naitik samarthan aur dhana key liye unake paas aae they.
baghdad samjhaute kaa virodh.
satta mein apane pahale varshon key dauran roodhivaadi arab shasanon koo nasser dwara khatare mein mahsoos karane kaa ack pramukh kaaran yeh thaa kii unaki lokpriyata kaa pradarshan kiya gayaa thaa-suez sankat seey pahale bhee-jaba way 1955 key baghdad samjhaute key pramukh aalochak bunn gaye they. baghdad samjhauta shuru mein iraq aur turkey key beach ack gathbandhan thaa, jise britten ney madhya poorv mein apani shakti koo majboot karane key lakshya key saath samarthan diyaa thaa. nasir ney baghdad samjhaute koo arab deshon koo alag-alag samoohon mein vibhajit karane aur unake beach tanaav badhaakar kshetra koo vibhajit karane key british prayaas kaa hissa maanaa. british ney baad mein 1955 key anta mein baghdad samjhaute mein jorden koo laane kaa prayaas kiya, jaba nasser ney soviyat gutt mein chekoslovakia seey hathiyar khareedane parr sahamati vyakt kii. british loga baghdad samjhaute mein jorden koo laane aur jorden koo shamil honey key liye majboor karane key liye dabaav daalane key liye dridh they. nasir ney baghdad samjhaute kaa virodh kiya thaa, aur jorden koo samjhaute mein shamil honey seey rokane key liye unakaa safal prayaas unaki vyaavhaarik rajanyik ranneeti kaa ack udaaharan haye. jorden key prati nasser kii vyavharikta kaa matlab thaa kii unakaa uddeshya jorden shasson koo samjhaute mein shamil honey seey incar karane key liye majboor karna thaa, lekin unhone khud shasson koo ukhaad fenkane kaa prayaas naheen kiya. iss rukh koo agale varsh 1956 mein suez sankat key dauran misra key liye jorden key samarthan seey puraskrit kiya gayaa thaa.
baghdad samjhaute mein jorden kii sadasyata parr vivaad navambar seey disambar 1955 taka chalaa. nasser kaa lakshya misra key rashtriya hiton parr adharit thaa-vaha baghdad samjhaute mein jorden kii sadasyata koo rokna chaahata thaa, joe usake liye jorden key shasson key bhaagya seey adhik mahatvapurna thaa. iss prakaar vaha jorden key shasson koo ack aisaa raasta dene key liye taiyar thaa jisamen vaha butch sakata thaa yadi vaha samjhaute mein shamil naheen huaa. baghdad samjhaute parr bahas key dauran nasser kii ranneeti british parr hamla karane key liye misra key prachaar kaa upayog karke alankaarik dabaav lagu karna thaa, aur jorden key shasson koo yeh bhee chetavani denaa thaa kii aggar vaha samjhaute mein shamil honey key liye sahmat hoe jaataa haye tou ise ukhaad fenka jaa sakata haye. misra key prachaar key kaaran disambar 1955 mein british feeled marshel templer kii yatra key dauran jorden mein dange hue, joe british raksha pramukh key roop mein seva dey rahey they.
baghdad samjhaute mein jorden key pravesh parr sankat key dauran misra key prachaar dwara vyakt kiye gaye sandesh kii prakriti bahut mahatvapurna haye. iska praathamik dhyaan jorden key shasson key bajaay angrejon parr hamla karane parr thaa, aur isane khud raajaa hussain koo ukhaad fenkane kaa ahwan naheen kiya. dusare shabdon mein, iss prachaar kaa uddeshya shasson parr dabaav banaana thaa, aur sambhavatah raajaa hussain koo yeh samajhaana thaa kii aggar vaha baghdad samjhaute mein shamil honey seey incar curr detaa haye tou satta mein baney rahane kii unaki sambhavanaen adhik hongi, aur jorden ney disambar mein faisala kiya kii yeh samjhaute mein shamil naheen hoga. raajaa hussain satta mein rahey aur 1956 key suez sankat yaa 1967 key arab-israel yuddh jaise bhavishya key sankaton mein misra kaa paksh liya. iss prakaar misra koo raajaa hussain key shasson key prati unake vyaavhaarik drishtikon seey pratyaksh puraskar milaa, aur baghdad samjhaute parr vivaad key udaaharan ney raajaa hussain koo aashvast kiya hoga kii unhein bhavishya kii sankat sthitiyon mein misra key saath sanrekhit karane kii aavashyakta haye. arab raashtravaad kii shakti ney raajaa hussain koo 1956 mein british general johnn bagot glub koo arab senaa key commander key roop mein barkhast karane key liye bhee prerit kiya. glub kii barkhastagi taba hui jaba british videsh sachiv misra mein they, aur angrejon kaa maanana thaa kii yeh kshetra mein apane adhikaar key liye nasser dwara ack seedhi chunauti kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye.
tripakshiya aakraamakta.
prishthabhoomi.
misra 1955 key anta seey aswan uchch baandh key nirmaan key liye vishva baink seey rinn maang rhaa thaa. vishva baink, america aur britten key saath ack asthaayi samjhaute ney sanket diyaa kii pariyojana key liye hamein 7 karod dollar pradaan kiye jaayenge. haalaanki, nasser ney haal hii mein (27 sitambar, 1955) soviyat sangh key saath ack samjhaute parr baatchit kii thee, jisane shasson koo takniki aur sainya sahaayata pradaan kii thee, jisase sanyukt raajya america koo gussa aaya joe usa samay taka nasser aur unake british virodhi aur francisi virodhi upaniveshvaad kaa samarthan curr rhaa thaa. natijatan, nasser dwara utpann khatare key baare mein british sarkaar key dabaav key baad, 20 julaai 1956 koo, america aur britten ney apane dhana key prastaav koo vaapas leey liya, aur vishva baink samjhaute parr vaapas chalaa gayaa. 26 julaai koo, nasser ney apani "misrikaran" neeti key tahat suez nahar company key rashtriyakaran kii ghoshana karate hue ack aitihaasik bhaashan diyaa, aur jisake rajaswa kaa upayog uchch baandh key nirmaan key vittaposhan key liye kiya jaayega, joe janwari 1968 mein puuraa huaa thaa. rashtriyakaran ney britten aur france key saath tanaav badhaa diyaa, jisane misra kii sampattiyon koo jamaaya aur apani senaaon koo satark curr diyaa.
1 agast koo, ussr ney uchch baandh pariyojana key liye dhana jutaane kii peshkash kii. britten aur france key saath sambandh joe garmiyon taka thhande yuddh key star taka bigad gaye they, taba phir seey banaae gaye jaba sanyukt raajya america ney soviyat sangh key saath nasser kii badhati dosti key virodh mein apana adhikansh samarthan vaapas leey liya. antatah sanyukt raajya koo swatantra adhikaariyon key andolan kaa samarthan karane mein apani truti aur nasser dwara utpann vishesh khatare key baare mein aashvast karane key baad, british aur francisi ney usey ukhaad fenkane key liye sajish karane key liye swatantra mahsoos kiya. inn kadmon kii parinati octuber mein misra parr tripakshiya anglo-french-israeli aakraamakta mein hui.
yojana.
purani europeeya shakti rajneeti key antim punaravritti mein, british aur francisi ney israel key saath ack yojana parr baatchit kii, jisake parinamswarup british aur francisi koo suez kii vaapsee, nasser shasson kaa takhta palat aur europeeya, isai aur yahudi sampatti kii bahaali hogi. haalaanki baad mein nae shasson key tahat peedit hue they, europeeya logon key vipareet, adhikansh yahudi sampatti misrikaran seey butch gaee. natijatan, israel, jiska upayog pahale soviyat aur americi samarthan donon key liye ack antar-vartakar key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa, abhee bhee misra mein kaam curr rahey paryaapt tatva they. abb british aur francisi ney apane laabh key liye iska upayog karane kaa faisala kiya jaba israel ney apane nirantar astitva key liye badey khatare koo dekhaa. apani yojana key tahat, misra mein israeli tatva jhoothe dhwaj abhiyaanon koo shuru karate hain, jiska upayog israel dwara sinai key paar misra parr aur suez kii or ack aashcharyajanak hamla shuru karane key bahaane key roop mein kiya jaayega. nahar sandhi kii sharton kaa upayog karate hue, jisane british aur francisi koo nahar key sanrakshan mein sainya bull kaa upayog karane kii anumati dee, ack anglo-francisi bull nahar kshetra parr aakraman karega aur baad mein carro parr aakraman karega.
aakraman.
israeli sainikon ney gaaja parr aakraman kiya aur 29 octuber koo sinai kii or badhe. tadnusar, nahar sandhi kii sharton key tahat, british aur francisi sainikon ney 31 octuber koo havaai hamalon, nausena bambari aur parachute drop key sanyukt bull kaa upayog karke nahar kshetra parr hamla kiya. badee ubhayachar aur paidal senaa ikaaiyaan cyprus aur algeria seey antim kabje key liye nahar kii or badh rahee theen aur carro mein dhakel rahee theen. jabaki operation mein ashcharya aur kanuni maang key liye aavashyak sabhi tatva they, yuddh key baad kii avadhi mein british aur francisi kii saapeksh ranneetik kamjori koo dekhate hue isamen gati kii twaritata kii kamee thee.
haalaanki british aur francisi key paas abhee bhee paryaapt bull prakshepan kshamataaen theen aur kshetra mein bhaari sainya shakti thee, donon desh british aur francisi rinn kii khareed, americi pratyaksh nivesh, aur sabse mahatvapurna roop seey, europeeya khapat key liye pradaan kiye gaye samarthan americi tail companiyon key madhyam seey apani arthvyavasthaon key liye americi samarthan parr bahut adhik nirbhar they. natijatan, jaba anglo-french armada ney nahar parr british aur francisi sthitiyon koo majboot karna shuru kiya, taba taka americi sarkaar pahale seey hii sanyukt rashtra, soviyat sangh aur sabse mahatvapurna roop seey americi tail companiyon key bhaari dabaav mein aaa gaee thee, jinhone madhya poorv mein apane vaanijyik vistaar mein baadhaon key roop mein british aur francisi koo dekhaa thaa.
jaba british aur francisi hastakshep parr americi krodh whitehall mein mahsoos kiya gayaa, tou british sarkaar una logon key beach toot gaee jinhone british samrajya koo banaae rakhane kii nirarthakta dekhi, jinhone samagr british arthavyavastha key liye sambhaavit khatare koo dekhaa, unhein british arthavyavastha key vittiya samarthan koo samaapt karna chaahiye, aur una british hiton koo joe abhee bhee british samrajya koo banaae rakhane kii aavashyakta, aavashyakta aur kaaran dekhate they. iss prakaar, jaba eisenhower prashaasan ney british aur francisi parr tail pratibandh lagaa diyaa, tou british sarkaar mein tatkaal dahashat fail gaee. haalaanki francisi adhik dridh saabit hoe rahey they aur americi maangon kaa khandan curr rahey they, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii america kii madhya poorv mein koee ruchi naheen thee aur way arab raashtravaad aur upaniveshvaad virodhi key samarthan mein dohare they.
haalaanki, pratibandh key saath, british pound, jiska upayog tail kii khareed mein ack aarakshit mudra key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa, kii taralata koo khatra thaa. jabaki british sarkaar ney ghatnaaon key iss modd parr bahas kii, sainya abhiyaan ney apane nishpaadan mein kamee aur kamjor saabit kiya, jisase nasser shasson key liye americi liberal, soviyat sangh aur sanyukt rashtron mein anya logon seey samarthan jutaane key liye mahatvapurna samay mill gayaa. anta mein, jaba nasser shasson key saath ekjutata kii bolly mein, americi sarkaar ney kahaa kii vaha abb british rinn kii khareed key madhyam seey british pound kaa samarthan naheen karegi, tou british sarkaar key bheetar tushtikaran karane vaalon ney oopari haath hassil kiya aur americi maangon key liye aatmasamarpan karane key liye majboor kiya. natijatan, 7 navambar koo british sanchaalan roque diyaa gayaa. jaba british aur amerikiyon key beach baatchit ney spasht curr diyaa kii america british aur francisi samrajyon kii nirantarta key virodh mein thaa, tou suez nahar parr apane niyantran parr british sarkaar kii sthiti dhwast hoe gaee. abb seey yeh sainya abhiyaan naheen thaa, balki british aur francisi sampattiyon aur pratishtha key parisamapan ney anglo-francisi senaaon koo antatah 22 disambar taka rahane diyaa, unhein hataa diyaa gayaa. isake parinamswarup, sabhi british aur francisi bainkon aur companiyon, kull 15,000 pratishthanon kaa rashtriyakaran kiya gayaa, ack aisee prakriya jise baad mein sabhi videshi pratishthanon aur misra kii companiyon taka bhee vistaarit kiya gayaa. lekin isase bhee mahatvapurna baat yeh haye kii iss ghatana ney sanyukt raajya america dwara ack spasht paschimi sabhyata kii pehchaan, vishesh roop seey sarvochata key saath-saath europeeya vaishvik vaanijyik upasthiti key liye america key virodh koo chhod diyaa, jise vaha apani vaishvik drishti key liye ack pratiyogi key roop mein dekhta thaa. parinamswarup, europeeya upaniveshvaad key bahut hii kaaran key virodh mein paschim key praathamik netaa key saath, swatantra adhikaariyon key andolan aur 1952 kii misra kii kranti dwara shuru kiye gaye suez sankat ney europeeya sabhyata kii sarvochata key anta koo chihnit kiya.
pramukh itihaaskaar abd-ajeem ramadan key anusaar, suez nahar kaa rashtriyakaran karane kaa nasser kaa nirnay kewal unakaa thaa, joe raajneetik yaa sainya paramarsh key binaa kiya gayaa thaa. suez nahar company key rashtriyakaran taka kii ghatnaaon, nasser key shasson key dauran anya ghatnaaon key roop mein, nasser key akele nirnay lene key liye jhukaav dikhaaya. vaha nasser koo ack tarksangat, jimmedaar netaa seey bahut door maanata haye.
seeriya key saath sangh.
22 farwari 1958 koo, misra ney seeriya key saath ekjut hocker sanyukt arab ganarajya (yuu. aeye. aar.) kaa nirmaan kiya. 1956 key samvidhaan koo sangh key baad nirast curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur ack asthaayi samvidhaan kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. misra kii rashtriya sabhaa bhang curr dee gaee. 2 aprail koo, nasser ney ack adesh jaari kiya jisamen gantantra key jhande koo dou sitaaron key saath laal, safed aur kaale rung key teen kshaitij pattiyon key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa. seeriya key saath sangh key prati kathit roop seey udaseen pratikriya key liye 31 disambar koo communists parr kaarravaai kii gaee thee.
1962 mein siriyai algaav key baad, rashtriya kaarravaai key liye ack charter nirdhaarit karane key liye ack rashtriya congress kii taiyari key liye carro mein lokpriya balon kii rashtriya congress kii ack praarambhik samiti bulaai gaee thee. kisan, mazdoor, peshevar aur vyaavsaayik sanghon key pratinidhiyon kii 1,750 sadasyiya congress nasser dwara prastut rashtriya charter key masaude parr bahas karane key liye maee mein milati haye. 30 juuna koo, congress ney charter koo manjuri dey dee, joe rashtriya sangh koo badalane key liye ack nae raajneetik sangathan, arab samajwadi sangh (aasoo) kii sthaapana kartaa haye. aasoo mein 50 pratishat seeten kisaanon aur shramikon dwara bharee jaani hain. nirvaachit aasoo ikaaiyaan karkhanon, farmon, krishi sahakaari samitiyon, mantralayon aur peshevar syndicates mein sthaapit kii jaati hain.
yaman yuddh.
1962 mein, misra yaman mein grih yuddh mein shamil hoe gayaa, abdullah all-sallal key krantikari shasson kaa samarthan karate hue jisane desh key poorv shaasak, imam badar koo bedkhal curr diyaa thaa aur ack ganarajya ghoshit curr diyaa thaa. yeh misra parr kaafee vittiya aur sainya bojh saabit huaa aur saudi arab key prati ghrina paida kii, jisane yaman key wafadaron kaa samarthan kiya.
1967 kaa yuddh.
14 maee 1967 seey nasser ney israel kii seema key paas sinai praaydweep mein apane vibhajanon koo daala. arab dabaav mein aur arab sainya shakti kii badhati lokpriya ummeedon key parinamswarup, 18 maee 1967 koo, nasser ney sanyukt rashtra mahasachiv yuu thent seey misra kii or israel kii seema parr tainaat sanyukt rashtra aapaatkaaleen bull (yuu. aine. ee. aff.) koo vaapas lene key liye kahaa. misra ney tiran kii jaldamroomadhya koo israel key nauvahan key liye bund curr diyaa, halanki israel ney baar-baar ghoshana kii kii tiran kii jaldamroomadhya koo bund karna yuddh kaa kaary hoga. jorden key raajaa hussain ney 30 maee koo carro kaa daura kiya aur jorden-misra raksha samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye.
misra ney 27 maee koo israel parr hamla karane kii yojana banaai lekin antim samay mein ise radd curr diyaa.
5 juuna koo, israeli senaa ney misra koo ack karara jhataka diyaa. satrah misra key havaai kshetron parr hamla kiya gayaa, aur misra kii adhikansh vayu senaa ney jameen parr nasht curr diyaa, jisase sinai praaydweep aur misra key niyantrit gaaja patti parr israel kaa kabja hoe gayaa. jorden aur seeriya ney misra kii or seey yuddh mein pravesh kiya, aur israel ney pratikriya vyakt kii aur paschimi tata key jorden key kshetron aur siriyai golan kii unchaaiyon parr kabja curr liya. misra, jorden aur seeriya ney 7 juuna seey 10 juuna koo sanyukt rashtra suraksha parishad key sangharsh viram koo sweekaar curr liya.
1967 key yuddh mein misra kii haar ney nasir koo 9 juuna koo istifa dene key liye majboor curr diyaa, uparaashtrapati zakaria mohiddin koo apana uttaradhikari naamit kiya. haalaanki, samarthan key badey paimaane parr lokpriya pradarshanon key baad unhone peechhe hutt gaye. haar key baad saat uchch padasth adhikaariyon parr mukadama chalaaya gayaa, jisamen yuddh mantri shyam badran bhee shamil they. sashastr balon key commander-inn-cheef feeled-marshel abdel-hakim aamer koo giraftar curr liya gayaa thaa aur agast mein hirasat mein rahate hue usane aatmahatya curr lii thee.
samaaj.
1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein misra key rajshahi key patan key samay, aadhe million seey bhee cumm misriyon koo uchch varg aur ameer, chaalees laakh madhyam varg aur 17 million nimn varg aur garib maanaa jaataa thaa. sabhi praathamik vidyalaya kii ayu key bachchon mein seey aadhe seey bhee cumm bachche school jaate they, aur unamen seey adhikansh ladke hotey they. duss varsh seey adhik ayu kii lagbhag 75 pratishat aabaadi aur sabhi mahilaaon mein seey 90 pratishat seey adhik anpadh theen. nasir kii neetiyon ney ise badal diyaa. bhoomi sudhaar, pramukh parisampattiyon kii zabti karyakram, vishvavidyalaya shiksha mein naatakiya vriddhi, ack pramukh saarvajanik kshetra key nirmaan ney samajik vakr koo samtal curr diyaa. shaikshanik varsh 1953-54 seey 1965-66 taka, kull milakar saarvajanik vidyalaya mein namankan dogune seey adhik hoe gayaa. saarvajanik kshetra mein shiksha aur naukariyon key madhyam seey laakhon poorv garib misravasi madhyam varg mein shamil hoe gaye. misra mein doctor, engineer, shikshak, vakeel, patrakaar, nasser key adheen madhyam varg key badey hisse kaa gathan karate they.

