
austriyai pratirodh

austriyai pratirodh poore europe mein faasivaadiyon key uday key jawab mein shuru kiya gayaa aur, vishesh roop seey, 1938 mein enschellus key liye aur parinamswarup germany dwara austriya parr kabja curr liya gayaa.
iss pratirodh mein anumaanit 100,000 logon key bhaag lene kii soochana millie thee aur baad mein hajaaron logon koo unaki naazi virodhi gatividhiyon key liye kaid yaa fansi dee gaee thee. austriyai pratirodh kaa mukhya saanketik sanket "oh5" thaa, jisamen "oh" german varnamala (ee) key paanchven akshar koo ingit karane vaale "5" key saath österreich (oee) key sankshipt naam key pahale akshar koo ingit kartaa haye. yeh sanket vienna mein sautele vansh mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
1943 kii masco ghoshanaon ney naazi germany parr jeet key baad ack swatantra austriya kii sthaapana key liye ack ruprekha taiyar kii. isamen kahaa gayaa haye kii "austriya koo yaad dilaaya jaataa haye, halanki kii usaki ack jimmedaari haye, jise vaha hittlerite germany key paksh mein yuddh mein bhaag lene key liye naheen taal sakati haye, aur antim niptan khaate mein anivarya roop seey usaki mukti mein usake apane yogdan koo liya jaayega."
avalokan.
austriyai pratirodh samoohon koo aksar vaichaarik roop seey alag kiya jaataa thaa aur yuddh seey pahale raajneetik dalon key varnakram koo pratibimbit kartaa thaa.
austriyai pratirodh kaa sabse shandar lekin chhota samooh pujari heinrich meyer key aspas thaa. ack or, yeh bahut safal catholic pratirodh samooh yuddh key baad ack habsberg rajshahi koo punarjeevit karna chaahata thaa aur bahut safaltapurvak vee-1, vee-2 rockett, tiger tank aur vimaan (messerschmit bf 109, messerschmit mee 163 kilometres, aadi) key liye yojanaon aur utpaadan suvidhaon koo paarit kiya.) sahyogiyon key liye. baad mein gestapo dwara ujagar pratirodh samooh, switzerland mein us os key pramukh elen dools key sampark mein thaa. utpaadan suvidhaon key sthaan rekhaachitron key saath, sambaddh bamvarshak sateek havaai hamale karane mein saksham they aur iss prakaar aavaasiya kshetron kii raksha karate they. operation crossbo aur operation hydra key liye jaankaari mahatvapurna thee, operation overlord key liye donon praarambhik mission. kaee anya german pratirodh samoohon key vipareet, meyer samooh ney aushwitz key paas sempert karkhane key saath apane samparkon key madhyam seey yahoodiyon kii saamoohik hatyaa key baare mein bahut pahale hii jaankaari dee.
sashastr pratirodh prayason key alawa, "mook nayakon" ney yahudi purushon, mahilaaon aur bachchon koo naazi adhikaariyon dwara utpeedan seey bachane mein madad kii, jokhim vaale vyaktiyon koo unake gharon mein yaa anya surakshit gharon mein chhipa curr, unaki sahaayata key liye dhana jutaane key liye apani sampatti kaa bhandaran yaa adaan-pradaan karke, aur/yaa unhein desh seey bhaagne mein madad karke. inn pratirodh sadasyon mein seey pratyek khatarnak tareeke seey rahata thaa kyonki yahudi samudaay koo iss tarah kii sahaayata yaatana shiviron mein karawas aur antatah mrityu dwara dandaniya thee. inn "mook nayakon" mein rossa stallbumer aur unake pati, anton they. 1942 mein gestapo dwara giraftar kiye gaye, donon koo germany mein daachaau yaatana shivir mein bheja gayaa. halanki anton butch gayaa, rossa stallbumer ney naheen kiya; aushwitz mein sthanantarit, vaha apane 45vein janmadin seey ack saptah pahale vahaan marr gaee.
gathan.
andolan mein 1934 seey austrophasism key yug key khilaf samajwadi aur saamyavaadi sakriyata kaa pragaitihasik itihas thaa. halanki austrophasist shasson swayam naziwad key prati teevra shatrutapurna thaa, vishesh roop seey 1934 mein austrian naazi key asafal takhtapalat key prayaas key baad, jise julaai puts key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
ullekhaniya kaaryakartaon mein joseph pleasis aur hilde zimmerman shamil they.
austriyai pratirodh kaa prateek aur aavaaj crown prince otto wonn habsberg thaa, joe rajshahi koo phir seey sthaapit kiya gayaa hotaa, tou austriya kaa casser hotaa.
gatividhiyaan.
naazi kaa virodh karna jitna mushkil thaa, utanaa hii kathin thaa kyonki anushasanatmak key baad sangathanaatmak samanjasya banaae rakhna ack dandaatmak aparaadh thaa, poore samay mein pratirodh gatividhiyon koo banaae rakhaa gayaa thaa. pratirodh mukhya roop seh prati-naazi raajneetik patrak jaari kiye gaye; daan ekatra kiya gayaa, joe jyaadaatar giraftar kiye gaye logon key parivaaron koo vitarit kiya gayaa thaa; aur sahyogiyon koo jaankaari pradaan kii gaee.
sainya pratirodh pramukh nagrik aur sainya pratishthanon donon key liye kabhi-kabhaar todfod taka seemit thaa, jisamen seey adhikansh sakriya yuddh morchon parr posting seey bachkar pratirodh karate they.
adhikansh sashastr pratirodh carinthia mein kiya gayaa thaa. carinthian sloven ney 1942 mein naazi shasson dwara lakshit nirvaasan aur jabaran germankaran key baad pratirodh key liye ack kendra kaa gathan kiya, jisase vann baind kii sthaapana hui. yugoslavia mein sloven bhoomi kaa adhikansh hissa 1941 mein reech mein milaa diyaa gayaa thaa aur uttari slovenia mein jaatiya safai kii samaan ranneeti key adheen thaa, samooh kii gatividhiyon koo yugoslavian sloven pakshapaatpurna sanchaalan key sandarbh mein dekhaa jaanaa chaahiye.
habsberg virodh.
poorv crown prince otto wonn habsberg ney naziwad kii ninda karate hue kahaah
unhone enschellus kaa kadaa virodh kiya, aur 1938 mein austriyai chansler curt shushnig seey naazi germany kaa virodh karane kaa anurodh kiya aur ack antarrashtriya hastakshep kaa samarthan kiya, aur naazi koo peechhe hataane key liye sarkaar kii bagdor sambhaalane key liye nirvaasan seey lautane kii peshkash kii. gerald warner key anusaar, "austriyai yahudi habsberg bahaali key sabse majboot samarthakon mein seey they, kyonki unakaa maanana thaa kii rajvansh rashtra koo teesare reech key khilaf khade honey key liye paryaapt sankalp dega. austriya key german vilay key baad, otto (jise enschellus key khilaf saarvajanik roop seey abhiyaan key liye austriya vaapas aaney kii anumati dee gaee thee) koo naazi shasson dwara maut kii sajaa sunai gaee thee; rudolf hess ney adesh diyaa kii aggar otto pakada jaataa haye tou usey turant maar diyaa jaanaa chaahiye, jaisa kii adolph hitler ney adesh diyaa thaa. austriyai nyaayvaadi andolan key netaa, i.ee. otto key samarthakon koo naazi dwara giraftar kiya gayaa aur badey paimaane parr unhein maar diyaa gayaa. otto key chachere bhaai maximilian, hohenberg key duke, aur hohenberg key rajkumar ernst, divangat archduke francis ferdinand key donon bete, jinaki 1914 mein hatyaa ney pratham vishva yuddh koo gati dee, koo gestapo dwara vienna mein giraftar kiya gayaa aur daachaau bheja gayaa jahaan way poore naazi shasson mein rahey. otto dusare vishva yuddh kii shuruat mein desh seey bhaagne vaale hajaaron austriyai yahoodiyon sahit lagbhag 50,000 austriyai logon kii madad karane mein shamil thaa.
sanyukt raajya america mein apane yuddhakaaleen nirvaasan key dauran, otto aur unake chhote bhaaiyon ney sanyukt raajya kii senaa mein ack "austriyai batalian" kii sthaapana kii, lekin isamen deree hui aur kabhi bhee vaastavik ladaai naheen dekhi gaee.
dhaarmik samooh pratirodh.
austrian dhaarmik samudaay dwara sangathanaatmak samanjasya aparaadh koo sabse adhik gaharaai seey mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa. nagrik gestapo aur pulis donon key madhyam seey, aur sainya shutzstaffel (aiss. aiss.) ney dhaarmik-virodhi aur austriyai-virodhi donon upaayon koo lagu kiya. yeh kaee sthaapit dhaarmik samoohon seey alag-alag pratirodh laaya, jinake mukhya sadasya mukhya roop seey austriyai uchch samaaj kii sthaapana seey aae they.
catholic church.
halanki kaafee hudd taka sahan kiya gayaa, lekin catholic virodhi upaayon aur iss tarah key kshetriya thope jaane seey teen badey kshetriya catholic-adharit pratirodh samoohon kaa gathan huaa.
pahala shuddhikaran aur giraftari daur 1940 key vasant mein huaa, jaba teen samoohon ney vilay parr baatchit kii thee, jisamen 100 seey adhik kaaryakartaon koo giraftar kiya gayaa thaa, poochtaachh kii gaee thee aur kuchh vyaktiyon koo prataadit kiya gayaa thaa. isake baad, netaaon ney austriyai pratirodh andolan key mukhya nikaay key saath ghanishth sambandhon kii maang kii, aur halanki suraksha karanon seey kuchh hudd taka alag rahane key bavjood, sanyukt raajya kii sainya khufiya seva (miss) koo pratyaksh aur apratyaksh roop seey donon tarah kii jaankaari denaa shuru curr diyaa.
catholic samooh key sadasyon mein bergatheter abhineta otto hartman they, joe gestapo kii bhugtan seva mein ack jasus they. 1944 key anta mein, unaki jaankaari key kaaran 10 pramukh catholic pratirodh sangathan netaaon kii giraftari hui, jinhen sabhi koo prataadit kiya gayaa aur phir maut kii sajaa sunai gaee. inmein americi miss, sempert director general franz joseph mesner (1896-1945, mauthausen yaatana shivir mein gais chamber mein maare gaye), aur paadari dow. key saath mukhya sampark shamil they. heinrich meyer (1908-1945) koo 22 march 1945 koo vienna mein naazi shasson key antim shikaar key roop mein fansi dee gaee. anya bandiyon koo lambi jail kii sajaa sunai gaee thee, jinamen seey kuchh butch gaye they lekin antim aatmasamarpan seey pahale kaee maare gaye they.
landan mein nirvaasit samudaay.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran mukhya sangathit nirvaasan samooh landan mein austriyai karyalaya key aspas sthit thaa, joe 30,000 majboot nirvaasan samudaay key kendra mein thaa. austriyai samaaj, yaa "austriyai karyalaya", rajshahiwadi austriyai leag aur udaar austriyai loktaantrik sangh donon kaa ghar thaa.
mahal kii ladaai.
austriyai pratirodh uttari tyrol mein casal itter kii ladaai mein shamil thaa, joe kii germany key binaa shart aatmasamarpan key prabhaav mein aaney seey kewal teen dinn pahale 5 maee 1945 koo ladaa gayaa thaa. leftinent johnn see key netritva mein us 12 veen bakhtarband division kii 23 veen tank batalian key sanic. "jack" lii, junier., naazi virodhi german senaa key sanic, aur kaid kiye gaye francisi whips ney 17vein "waffen-aiss. aiss. panger grenadier" division seey ack hamlawar bull key khilaf mahal kaa bachaav kiya, jaba taka kii americi 14veen paidal senaa resiment seey raahat naheen mill gaee.
drishtikon.
austriyai samaaj kaa 1938 seey 1945 taka naazi sarkaar aur sakriya roop seey iska virodh karane vaale kuchh logon key prati dvidhaatu ravaiya rhaa haye. choonki austriyai samaaj key badey hisse ney yaa tou sakriya roop seey yaa maun roop seey naazi shasson kaa samarthan kiya, isaliye sahayogi balon ney yuddh mein austriya koo ack yuddharat dall key roop mein maanaa aur naazi aatmasamarpan key baad iska kabja banaae rakhaa. doosari or, masco ghoshana ney austriya koo yuddh seey pahale ack swatantra aur loktaantrik samaaj key roop mein label kiya, aur ise mukti kaa kaary maanaa.

