
baltimore kii ladaai

baltimore kii ladaai (sitambar 12-15,1814) 1812 key yuddh mein british aur americi balon key beach ladee gaee ack samudri/bhoomi ladaai thee. americi balon ney maryland key baltimore key vyast bandargah shahar seey samudra aur bhoomi akramanon koo khaded diyaa aur aakramankari british balon key commander koo maar daala. british aur americi pahali baar north point kii ladaai mein mille they. halanki americi peechhe hutt gaye, lekin yeh ladaai ack safal deree kaarravaai thee jisane angrejon koo bhaari nuksan pahunchaaya, unaki pragati koo roque diyaa, aur parinamswarup baltimore mein rakshakon koo thheek seey hamale kii taiyari karane kii anumati dee.
shaahi nausena dwara bambari key dauran baltimore key kille key pratirodh ney francis scott kii koo "kille key sanrakshan" kavita kii rachana karane key liye prerit kiya, joe baad mein sanyukt raajya america key rashtragaan "starr-spangled banner" key liye geet bunn gayaa.
bhaavi americi rashtrapati james buchnan ney baltimore kii raksha mein ack niji key roop mein kaary kiya.
prishthabhoomi.
aprail 1814 taka, britten napolean france key khilaf yuddh mein thaa, jisane america mein british yuddh key uddeshyon koo seemit curr diyaa thaa. iss beach, angrejon ney mukhya roop seey ack rakshaatmak ranneeti kaa upayog kiya aur oopari aur nichale kanada key praanton parr americi akramanon koo khaded diyaa. amerikiyon ney 1813 mein jheel arrie parr nausena kaa niyantran hassil kiya aur paschimi ontario key kuchh hisson parr kabja curr liya. mississippi kshetra mein, aadhunik madhya albama key ack kshetra mein general andreau jackson ney 1814 mein ghode kii naal key modd kii ladaai mein khaadi rashtra kii sainya taakat koo nasht curr diyaa.
haalaanki grate britten france key saath yuddh seey sainya balon koo aakarshit karane key liye taiyar naheen thaa, phir bhee samudra mein nausena kii shreshthata kaa anand letaa thaa, aur barmuda mein sthit uttari america aur west indies squadron key jahaajon ney poore yuddh key dauran atlantic parr americi bandargaahon koo avaruddh curr diyaa, jisase americi arthavyavastha kaa galaa ghont diyaa. shuru mein, uttar-purvi bandargaahon koo iss nakabandi seey bachaa liya gayaa thaa kyonki newyork aur nyu ingland mein janata kii bhaavanaaen yuddh key khilaf theen. shaahi nausena aur shaahi marine ney americi tateey dweepon parr bhee kabja curr liya aur tata key saath-saath, vishesh roop seey chesapeek khaadi key aspas chhaape maarne key liye sainya balon koo utaara, jisase gulam kaale logon koo taaj mein dalbadal karane aur unhein aupaniveshik marine key core mein bharti karane key liye protsaahit kiya gayaa.
1814 key vasant mein napolean kii haar key baad, angrejon ney ack adhik aakramak ranneeti apnai, jiska uddeshya sanyukt raajya america koo ack shaanti vaarta karane key liye majboor karna thaa joe yuddh poorv sthiti koo bahaal kartaa thaa. hajaaron anubhavi british sainikon koo british uttari america mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. adhikansh rakshakon koo phir seey majboor karane key liye kanada gaye. british senaa, kanadai milicia aur unake pahale rashtra sahyogiyon ney americi aakramankariyon koo sanyukt raajya america mein vaapas bhagaa diyaa. mahaan jheelon parr nausena key niyantran key binaa way aapoorti praapt karane mein asamarth they, jisake parinamswarup jheel champlain kii doosari ladaai mein platsburg parr kabja karane mein british viphalata hui aur americi kshetra seey unaki vaapsee hui. 
mejar general robbert ross kii kamaan mein ack brigade koo julaai kii shuruat mein kaee nausena jahaajon key saath barmuda seey pahale seey hii kaam curr rahey balon mein shamil honey key liye bheja gayaa thaa. sanyukt balon kaa upayog atlantic tata parr modane vaale hamalon key liye kiya jaanaa thaa, jiska uddeshya amerikiyon koo kanada seey senaa vaapas lene key liye majboor karna thaa. kuchh itihaskaron kaa daavaa haye kii unhein kissy bhee vistaarit abhiyaan koo naheen karane key adesh diye gaye they aur way tata parr lakshyon taka hii seemit they. 
haalaanki, angrejon ney agast 1814 seey farwari 1815 taka baltimore, newyork shahar mein lake champlain aur hudson nadee key madhyam seey aur nyu orleans mein america key teen sabse badey bandargaahon koo lakshit karate hue teen badey abhiyaan shuru kiye they. inn teen abhiyaanon mein seey pratyek mein 10,000 seey adhik british senaa key sanic they, jinamen seey kaee praayadveepiya yuddh key sarvshreshth sanic aur adhikaari they, isaliye way kewal chhote modd vaale chhaape naheen they. britten ney pahale hii aadhunik samay key adhikansh maine parr kabja curr liya thaa aur sitambar 1814 mein nyu ireland kii crown coloney koo phir seey sthaapit curr liya thaa.
kanada key governor general surr george prevost dwara 2 juuna koo barmuda koo bheje gaye ack patra key parinamswarup ack mahatvakankshi chhaape kii yojana banaai gaee thee, jinhone maee mein curnell johnn campbelle key netritva mein americi balon dwara "jheel arrie key uttari taton parr niji sampatti key betuke vinash" key jawab mein pratishodh kaa ahwan kiya thaa, jisamen sabse ullekhaniya port dover parr chhaapa thaa. poorvavarti ney tark diyaa kii,
... erie jheel key uttari taton parr niji sampatti key binaa kissy nuksan key americi sainikon key dair seey apmaanjanak aacharan key parinamswarup, taaki yadi sanyukt raajya america key saath yuddh jaari rahata haye, tou aap uchit nirnay lene parr jawabi kaarravaai karane mein sahaayata curr sakate hain, joe dushman koo isi tarah key akrosh kii punaravritti seey rokega.
iss patra parr ross aur wies-admiral surr alekjendar cochrane ney vichaar kiya thaa, jinhone usa varsh kii shuruat mein surr johnn borless vaaran kii jagah uttari america key commander-inn-cheef key roop mein aur shaahi nausena key west indies station key roop mein, jiska mukhyalaya bermuda mein admiralty house mein thaa, apani senaa kaa upayog karane kii yojana banaane mein. cochrane key junier, rear admiral george cockburn, pichhale varsh seey chesapeek khaadi parr sanchaalan mein squadron key jahaajon kii kamaan sambhal rahey they.
25 juuna koo unhone cochrane koo patra likhaa jisamen jore dekar kahaa gayaa kii vahaan kii raksha kamjor thee, aur unhone mahsoos kiya kii kaee pramukh shahar hamale key liye asurakshit they. cochrane ney baltimore, washington aur philadelphia parr hamla karane kaa sujhaav diyaa. 17 julaai koo, cockburn ney rashtriya rajdhani parr hamla karane kii tulanaatmak aasaani aur "adhik raajneetik prabhaav key parinamswarup honey kii sambhavana" key kaaran washington koo lakshya key roop mein anushansit kiya.
18 julaai koo, cochrane ney cockburn kaa adesh diyaa joe "dushman koo isi tarah key akrosh kii punaravritti seey rokane key liye thaa..."aapako isake dwara" "aise shaharon aur jilon koo nasht karane aur barbad karane kaa nirdesh diyaa jaataa haye joe aapako upalabdh lugg sakate hain. cochrane ney nirdesh diyaa, "aap kewal sanyukt raajya america key nihatthe nivaasiyon kii zaan bachaayenge.
agast mein, barmuda mein jahaaj shaahi nausena dockyard aur sent seey ravaana hue. george americi atlantic tata parr pahale seey hii kaam curr rahey logon mein shamil honge. americi nausena kii gunboat flotilla koo haraane key baad, ross key netritva mein tata seva key liye british senaa, shaahi marine aur shaahi nausena kii tukadiyon seey banaa kull 4,370 sainya bull virginia mein utaraa. 23 tarikh koo 1,200 key ack americi bull koo haraane key baad, 24 tarikh koo unhone bladensburg kii ladaai mein lagbhag 6,400 americi senaa key sainikon, milicia, americi marine aur americi nausena key naavikon key mukhya americi bull key taiyar raksha parr hamla kiya. 
sankhya mein kaafee nuksan key bavjood, maanak sainya tark yeh nirdhaarit kartaa haye kii taiyar raksha parr hamla karane key liye teen-seey-ack laabh kii aavashyakta haye, aur bhaari hatahaton koo banaae rakhate hue, british bull ney americi rakshakon koo haraa diyaa aur rajdhani mein raasta saaf curr diyaa. rashtrapati james maddison aur poori sarkaar shahar seey bhagkar uttar mein brookville, maryland shahar mein chully gaee.
24 agast 1814 koo, rear admiral george cockburn aur mejar general robbert ross key netritva mein british sainikon ney washington mein pravesh kiya aur washington key jalane key dauran 4,500 "yuddh-kathor" purushon key bull key saath shahar parr kabja curr liya. ross kii kamaan mein british sainikon ney white house aur sanyukt raajya america kii rajdhani sahit kaee saarvajanik imaraton mein aag lagaa dee. andaruni aur donon kii samagri koo vyaapak nuksan kii soochana dee gaee thee. british senaa apane jahaajon parr laut aaee.
angrejon ney washington key jall pahunch koo kaatane aur washington key thheek neeche kii or alexandaria aur georgetown key samriddh bandargaahon koo khatare mein daalane key liye potomac key oopar ack bedaa bheja. bede kii upasthiti ney americi rakshakon koo binaa ack goli chalaae fort warberton seey bhaagne key liye majboor curr diyaa, aur asurakshit alekjendar ney aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. angrejon ney kaee dinn shahar key vyapariyon seey saikadon tunn maal lootane mein bitaaye.
isake baad unhone apana dhyaan uttar kii or baltimore kii or ghumaaya, jahan unhein hatotsaahit amerikiyon key khilaf ack shaktishali jhataka lagaane kii ummeed thee. baltimore ack vyast bandargah thaa aur angrejon dwara socha gayaa thaa kii yeh kaee niji logon koo sharan detaa haye joe british shipping parr chhaapa maar rahey they. angrejon ney ack sanyukt abhiyaan kii yojana banaai, jisamen rose ney uttari bindu parr ack bhoomi hamla shuru kiya, aur wies-admiral surr alekjendar cochrane ney fort matchenary kii gherabandi kii, joe baltimore bandargah mein bindu rakshaatmak sthaapana thee.
baltimore kii raksha kii yojana pahale seey banaai gaee thee aur raajya key milicia commander, mejar general saimuel smith dwara isaki dekhrekh kii gaee thee.
ladaai ladate hain.
uttar bindu.
angrejon ney 5,000 sainikon kii ack senaa koo utaara joe baltimore kii or badhe aur pahali baar uttari bindu kii ladaai mein bhaari pratirodh kaa saamana kiya, joe 12 sitambar koo shahar seey lagbhag 5 meal (8 kimmy) door ladee gaee thee. shahar kii raksha maryland milicia key ack adhikaari mejar general saimuel smith kii samagr kamaan key tahat thee. unhone general johnn stricker kii kamaan mein lagbhag 3,000 sainikon koo angrejon seey milane key liye bheja. general striker british aakraman bull koo rokna thaa taaki british pragati mein deree hoe sakey taaki mejar general smith baltimore mein raksha poori curr sakein.
angrejon key liye bhoomi aakraman bull kaa netritva ross ney kiya thaa, joe ack americi sharpshooter dwara americi raksha kii doosari paari mein maaraa gayaa thaa. yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii 5veen maryland milicia resiment key kaptan iskeeth kii rifle company key daniel wells yaa heinry macomas jimmedaar they, aur donon koo isake turant baad maar diyaa gayaa.
ross kii mrityu key baad, british senaa curnell arther brook kii kamaan mein aaa gaee. amerikiyon ney pahale seey hii baltimore key mukhya bachaav mein ack sangathit vaapsee karna shuru curr diyaa thaa, jahan way ack british hamale kaa intezar curr rahey they.
hampstead pahaadi.
rodders kaa gadh, jise shapered kaa gadh bhee kahaa jaataa haye, hampstead pahaadi parr sthit haye, joe abb patterson park kaa hissa haye, uttar mein canton mein baahari bandargah seey beller road taka 3 meal chaude mitty key kaam kaa kendrabindu thaa, jise angrejon key khilaf baltimore key purvi drishtikon kii raksha key liye khoda gayaa thaa. sandeh koo ikattha kiya gayaa aur yuu dwara adesh diyaa gayaa.aiss. nausena key commodore johnn rosers, general smith key saath samagr line kii kamaan sambhaalate hain. 13 sitambar koo subah, uttari bindu kii ladaai key agale dinn, lagbhag 4,300 british sanic uttar bindu sadak parr uttar kii or badhe, phir paschim mein philadelphia sadak (abb maryland maarg 7) key saath baltimore kii or badhe. yuu.aiss. sainikon koo shahar key chaaron or mukhya rakshaatmak rekha parr peechhe hatane key liye majboor honah padaa. british commander, curnell. arther brook ney hampstead pahaadi seey lagbhag dou meal poorv-uttar poorv mein, sarre farm parr sterret house mein apana nayaa mukhyalaya sthaapit kiya, jise abb armisted garden kahaa jaataa haye.
jaba angrejon ney baltimore kii aantarik raksha parr kaarravaai kii jaanch shuru kii, tou americi rekha kii raksha 100 topon aur 10,000 seey adhik niyamit sainikon dwara kii gaee, jisamen dou chhayadar paidal senaa resiment shamil they, jinaki kamaan samanya adhikaariyon key stricker aur winder key saath-saath kuchh hazaar sthaaniya milicia aur aniyamit logon ney kii thee. raksha angrejon kii apeksha seey kaheen adhik majboot thee. fort matchenary mein americi rakshakon ney british nausena balon koo safaltapurvak roque diyaa lekin kuchh jahaaj abhee bhee topkhaane kii sahaayata pradaan karane mein saksham they.
ack baar jaba angrejon ney baahari raksha leey lii, tou aantarik raksha prathamikta bunn gaee. british paidal senaa ney anuman naheen lagaaya thaa kii way kitni achchi tarah seey surakshit rahenge, isaliye pahala hamla whiffle rhaa. haalaanki, brook kii senaayen americi sthitiyon koo peechhe chhodane aur daaeen or seey haavi honey mein kamyab raheen. nichale darje key adhikaariyon key saath charcha key baad, brook ney nirnay liya kii angrejon koo saamane seey hamale kaa jokhim uthaane key bajaay kille parr bambari karni chaahiye aur subah 3 baje.aim. 14 sitambar koo, british sainikon koo jahaajon parr lautane kaa adesh diyaa.
fort chenner.
fort chennery mein, mejar george armisted kii kamaan mein lagbhag 1,000 sanic british nausena kii bambari kaa intezar curr rahey they. british jahaajon key maarg koo aur whiffle karane key liye baltimore bandargah key nikatvarti pravesh dwaar parr americi vyaparik jahaajon kii ack pankti key doobane seey unaki raksha mein vriddhi hui.
hamla 13 sitambar koo shuru huaa, jaba kuchh unnis jahaajon key british bede ney congrave rockets (rockett pott hms "erabus" seey) aur mortar key gole (bumm jahaajon "aatank", "jwalamukhi", "ulka", "tabahi" aur "etna" seey) seey kille parr hamla karna shuru curr diyaa. praarambhik golibari key baad, british bedaa fort matchnery kii topon kii seema seey kuchh hii aage nickle gayaa aur agale 25 ghanton taka americi topon parr bambari karna jaari rakhaa. haalaanki kille parr 1,500 seey 1,800 tope key gole daage gaye they, lekin haal hii mein kilebandi key kaaran nuksan halka thaa joe yuddh seey pahale puuraa hoe gayaa thaa.
raat honey key baad, cochrane ney kille key paschim mein tata parr chhoti naukaaon dwara utarane kaa adesh diyaa, joe bandargah key udghaatan seey door thaa, jiss parr kille kii raksha kendrit thee. unhone ummeed jataai kii landing dall kille key chenny seey aage nickle sakata haye aur smith kii senaa koo shahar kii purvi seema parr mukhya british bhoomi hamale seey door kheench sakata haye. isane angrejon koo aadhe ghante key liye ack achchha modd diyaa aur unhein baar-baar golibari karane kii anumati dee. 
14 sitambar kii subah, badey aakar kaa americi jhanda, jise ack saal pahale sthaaniya dhwaj nirmaata mairi pickergill aur unaki 13 varsheeya betty dwara banaaya gayaa thaa, koo fort cheneri key oopar uthaaya gayaa thaa, joe yuddh key dauran udane vaale toote hue toofaan key jhande kii jagah leey gayaa thaa. iska jawab daahine kinare parr british rifleman key ack chhote seey shivir ney diyaa, jinhone akash mein ack-ack goal daage aur amerikiyon koo bhee tata rekha parr lautane seey thheek pahale taanaa maaraa.
mool roop seey, itihaskaron ney kahaa kii badey aakar key taaron seey ghiraa jhanda angrejon koo taanaa maarne key liye faharaaya gayaa thaa, lekin aisaa naheen haye. badey jhande kaa upayog harr subah reville key liye kiya jaataa thaa, jaisa kii 14 sitambar kii subah huaa thaa.
brook koo baltimore key aspas americi sthaanon parr hamla naheen karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa jaba taka kii vaha sunishchit naa hoe kii kille mein 2,000 seey cumm loga they. unake aadeshon key kaaran, brook koo apane padon seey hatna padaa aur vaha bede mein laut aaya, joe nyu orleans key liye ravaana hoga.
isake baad.
curnell brook key sanic vaapas chaley gaye, aur admiral cochrane kaa bedaa nyu orleans kii ladaai mein sanyukt raajya america parr unake agale (aur antim) hamale seey pahale phir seey samoohbaddh honey key liye ravaana huaa. armisted koo jald hii leftinent curnell key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa. yuddh kii kathin taiyari seey bahut kamjor hocker, yuddh key kewal teen saal baad, 38 saal kii umr mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
niyamit senaa kii teen sakriya batalian (1-4 inf, 2-4 inf aur 3-4 inf) purani 36veen aur 38veen paidal senaa resiments key vansh koo kayam rakhti hain, joe donon bambari key dauran kille mein they. 5veen maryland paidal senaa resiment kii vanshavali, jisane uttar bindu kii ladaai mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai, maryland senaa key rashtriya gaard kii 175veen paidal senaa resiment dwara kayam haye.
iss yuddh koo kille key rashtriya smaarak aur aitihaasik mandir mein manaaya jaataa haye.
taaron seey ghiraa banner.
ack americi vakeel aur shaukiya kavi, francis scott kii, dow. villium beans, angrejon kaa ack kaidi. kii ney ghayal british adhikaariyon key british patron koo dikhaaya, jisamen dow. seey millie dekhbhal kii prashansa kii gaee thee. beans. angrej bean chhodane key liye sahmat hoe gaye, lekin baltimore parr hamla samaapt honey taka kii aur bean koo angrejon key saath rahane key liye majboor honah padaa. 
kii ney patapsco nadee mein ack yuddhaviram jahaaj seey kaaryavaahi dekhi. 14 tarikh kii subah, chaabi ney americi dhwaj koo fort mckenary key oopar laharaate hue dekhaa. prerit hocker, unhone apane saath leey jaa rahey ack patra key peechhe chhand likhana shuru curr diyaa. kii kii kavita, jiska mool naam "defence onn fort chennery" thaa, baltimore american dwara parche parr mudrit kii gaee thee.
kii kii kavita koo baad mein ack british geet "too anacron inn haven" kii dhuna parr sett kiya gayaa, joe kii landan mein 18 veen shatabdi key shaukiya sangeetkaron key sajjanon key club, anacrontic society kaa aadhikarik geet haye. yeh geet antatah "starr-spangled banner" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa."americi congress ney 1931 mein ise sanyukt raajya kaa rashtragaan banaaya.