
synthetic canabinoids

synthetic canabinoids designer dawa anuon kaa ack varg haye joe usee receptors seey judataa haye jisase canbis key paudhon mein canabinoids (thc, cbd aur kaee anya) judate hain. inn nae manosakriya padarthon koo synthetic phytocanabinoids (rasayanik sanshleshan dwara praapt thc yaa cbd) yaa synthetic endocanabinoids key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye, jinase way kaee pahaluon mein alag hain.
aam taur parr, synthetic canabinoids koo paudhon key padaarth parr chhidka jaataa haye aur aamtaur parr dhumrapan kiya jaataa haye, halanki unhein 2016 seey america aur britten mein ack kendrit taral roop key roop mein bhee grahan kiya gayaa haye. unhein herble dhoop, yaa "herble smoking mishran" key roop mein vipanan kiya gayaa haye, aur key2, masala aur synthetic marizuana jaise samanya naamon key tahat becha jaataa haye. unhein aksar deyata raksha key liye "maanav upbhog key liye naheen" label kiya jaataa haye. synthetic canabinoids kii ack badee aur jatil vividhata koo bhang parr kanuni pratibandhon seey bachane key prayaas mein design kiya gayaa haye, jisase synthetic canabinoids designer davaaen banati hain.
adhikansh synthetic canabinoids canabinoid receptors key agonist hain. unhein thc key samaan honey key liye design kiya gayaa haye, joe see. bee. 1 receptor key saath sabse majboot bandhan sambandh vaalaa praakritik canabinoid haye, joe manosakriya prabhaavon yaa marizuana key "uchch" seey judaa huaa haye. inn synthetic analogue mein aksar cb1 receptors key liye adhik bandhan sambandh aur adhik shakti hoti haye. kaee synthetic canabinoid parivaar hain (jaise.jee. aim-"XXX", huu-"XXX", jwh-"XXX") jinhen padaarth key nirmaata dwara vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye (ee.jee. jey. doubleu. aich. kaa arth haye johnn doubleu. huffman), jisamen vibhinn aadhar sanrachanaon vaale kaee padaarth shamil hoe sakate hain jaise kii shaastriya canabinoids aur asambandhit nafthoylindol.
synthetic marizuana yaugikon kaa nirmaan aur bikri 2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein shuru hui. 2008 seey 2014 taka, nashili davaaon aur nashili davaaon kii lutt (ee. aim. see. dee. dee. aeye.) key liye europeeya nigrani kendra koo 142 synthetic canabinoid receptor agonists kii soochana dee gaee thee.
report kiye gaye upayogkarta nakaratmak prabhaavon mein dill kii dhadkan, manobhransh, teevra chinta, matali, ulti, bhram, kharaab samanvaya aur daure shamil hain. punah khuraak lene kii prabal majburi, vaapas lene key lakshan aur lagaatar bhookh kii bhee reportein aaee hain. synthetic canabinoids seey judee kaee mautein hui hain. roga niyantran aur roktham kendron (see. dee. see.) ney paaya kii 2014 aur 2015 key beach synthetic canabinoid key upayog seey honey vaali mauton kii sankhya teen gunaa hoe gaee. 2018 mein, sanyukt raajya america key khaadya aur dawa prashaasan ney synthetic canabinoid utpaadon seey mahatvapurna swaasthya jokhimon kii chetavani dee jisamen choohe kaa jahar brodifacom hotaa haye, jise jodaa jaataa haye kyonki yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii yeh davaaon key prabhaavon kii avadhi koo badhaata haye. iss sandushan key parinamswarup gambhir beemaariyaan aur mrityu hui hain.
synthetic canabinoid utpaad.
synthetic canabinoids abhikarmak pareekshan kitt haal hii mein kifayati hoe gaye hain. abhikarmak pareekshan key binaa inn utpaadon mein kyaa haye, yeh nirdhaarit karna aksar mushkil hotaa haye kyonki masking agent, jaise tocopherol (yaa vitamin ee acetate joe vashpikaran seey sambandhit fuffusiya chot kaa kaaran banata haye), eugenol aur fatty acid, koo pehchaan koo bhramit karane key liye jodaa jaataa haye. jiss tarah seey upayog kiye gaye synthetic pratyek synthetic canabinoid utpaad key beach bhinn hotey hain, usee tarah nakali utpaad kii anya samagri bhee bhinn hoti haye.
nakali cbd utpaad.
synthetic canabinoids kaee cbd brandon mein chipchipe bhalu aur wape cartridge jaise utpaadon mein dikhaai dete hain.
"jadee booty/dhoop" mishran.
jadee-bootiyon key mishran mein paae jaane vaale synthetic canabinoids.
masala' key synthetic canabinoid ghatak (ack gair-sampoorn soochi):
jadee-bootiyon key mishran mein paae jaane vaale gair-canabinoid rasayan.
adhikansh mishranon mein synthetic canabinoids hotey hain jinka nishkriya vanaspati padaarth parr chhidkaav kiya jaataa haye, lekin kuchh mein anya manosakriya padaarth hotey hain, jinamen manosakriya jadee-bootiyaan shamil hain, jaise.jee., "jangli dagga" aur "bhaaratiya yoddha", aur manosakriya alkaloid, ee.jee., beatonin, aporphine, leonurin, nuciferine aur nicotine. kuchh synthetic canabinoids utpaadon mein synthetic opioids bhee paae gaye hain. udaaharan key liye, 2010 mein, "oh"-desmithyltramadol, ack microne-opioid agonist aur analgesic dawa, aur cratum, ack asiai aushadhiya paudhe jisamen ack anya microne-opioid agonist, mitraginin hotaa haye, key sanyojan key kaaran nau logon kii mrityu hoe gaee, jise "cryptone" naamak ack synthetic canabinoid utpaad mein kahaa jaataa haye."aur 2013 mein, japan mein dhumrapan mishranon mein aaha-7921 kaa pataa chalaa thaa. 2018 mein, sanyukt raajya america key cumm seey cumm 11 raajyon mein anticoagulants, mukhya roop seey brodifacom seey dooshit synthetic canabinoids kaa prakop huaa, joe kogulopathy (lambe samay taka yaa atyadhik raktasraav) kaa kaaran banaa aur isake parinamswarup 300 seey adhik logon kaa ilaaj huaa aur cumm seey cumm aathh logon kii maut hoe gaee.
inn utpaadon mein sabse aam gair-canabinoid avayavon mein seey ack olymide haye, joe ack vasaayukt aml vyutpann haye joe canabinoid key samaan kaary kartaa haye aur isamen sammohan guna hotey hain. 44 utpaadon key synthetic canabinoid key vishleshan seey pareekshan kiye gaye 7 utpaadon mein olymide kaa pataa chalaa. synthetic canabinoid mishranon mein paae gaye anya gair-canabinoid avayavon mein harmon aur harmon, prativarti monoemine oxidase avarodhak shamil hain, joe myristicine aur asaron key saath paae gaye hain; pratisthaapit cathinone vyutpann uttejak davaaen jaise 4-methylbufedrone aur 4-methyl-alfa-ppp; aur cycadelic tryptamine vyutpann jaise 4-oh-dett.
packages parr label kii gaee jadee-bootiyon koo kanuni uchch key roop mein vipanan kiya jaataa haye.
synthetic canabinoid utpaadon key packages mein paudhon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala honey kaa daavaa kiya jaa sakata haye. haalaanki, aksar, soochibaddh samagri mein seey kissy kaa bhee pataa naheen lagaaya gayaa haye.
masala' key jadee-bootiyon seey baney ghatak (ack gair-samagr soochi):
synthetic canabinoids kaa namkaran karna.
shodh mein upayog key liye sanshleshit kiye gaye kaee praarambhik synthetic canabinoids kaa naam yaa tou usa vaigyaanik key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa jisane pahali baar unhein sanshleshit kiya thaa yaa usa sansthaan yaa company key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa jahan seey way utpann hue they.
manoranjak upayog key liye sanshleshit synthetic canabinoids key kuchh naam utpaadon key vipanan mein madad karane key liye diye gaye they. udaaharan key liye, ekebi-48 (jise epinaca key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) ack lokpriya japani gerl baind kaa naam bhee haye; 2ne1 (jise epica key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) bhee ack dakshin koriyai gerl baind haye; aur xlr-11 kaa naam vimaan key liye pahale yuu. aiss.-vikasit taral eendhan rockett key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. abb kaee synthetic canabinoids koo unake chaar mukhya sanrachanaatmak ghatakon, core, tail, linker aur linked samooh seey vyutpann naam diye gaye hain, jahaan naam koo linked group-telcorlinker key roop mein praarupit kiya gayaa haye. udaaharan key liye, 5aff-aim. dee. aim. bee.-pinaka (jise 5aff-aeye. dee. bee. key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) mein, "5aff" kaa arth pantile shrinkhala key antim florin yaa "carbon 5 parr florin" haye; "aim. dee. aim. bee." kaa arth "methyl-3,3-diamethyl beautenoate" haye, joe judaa huaa samooh haye; aur "pinaka" kaa arth "pantile shrinkhala (poonchh) indazole (core) carboxamide (linker)" haye.
samanya naam.
synthetic canabinoids vaale utpaadon kaa varnan karane key liye "synthetic marizuana" shabd kaa upayog vivadaspad haye aur, nyu school off medicine key ack chikitsa vishavigyaani luis nelson key anusaar, ack galati haye. nelson kaa daavaa haye kii marizuana key saapeksh, synthetic canabinoids vaale utpaad "vaastav mein kaafee alag hain, aur prabhaav bahut adhik apratyaashit hain. yeh khatarnak haye.  choonki "synthetic" shabd paudhe parr lagu naheen hotaa haye, balki canabinoid parr lagu hotaa haye jisamen (thc) hotaa haye, isaliye "synthetic canabinoid" shabd adhik upayukt haye.
lagbhag 700 "herble dhoop" mishran maujood hain. inhen aksar "synthetic marizuana", "praakritik jadee-bootiyaan", "herble dhoop" yaa "herble smoking mishran" kahaa jaataa haye aur aksar "maanav upbhog key liye naheen" label kiya jaataa haye. chilly aur argentine jaise kuchh spanish bhashi deshon mein, iss tarah kii taiyari koo aksar kahaa jaataa haye.
cyconaut web mapping anusandhaan pariyojana key anusaar, spice brand naam key tahat beche jaane vaale synthetic canabinoids koo pahali baar 2005 mein landan mein abb-nishkriya company sike delly dwara jaari kiya gayaa thaa. 2006 mein, brand ney lokpriyata hassil kii. vittiya samay" key anusaar, sike delly kii sampatti 2006 mein 65,000 pound seey badhkar 2007 mein 899,000 pound hoe gaee. aim. see. dee. dee. aeye. ney 2009 mein bataaya kii 30 bhaag lene vaale deshon mein seey 21 mein masaale key utpaadon kii pehchaan kii gaee thee.
neocanabinoids.
inn vivaadon key kaaran, aur vishesh roop seey prayogshala mein praapt praakritik canabinoids (udaaharan key liye, cbd yaa synthetic thc) koo kritrim nae synthetic canabinoid analogue yaugikon seey alag karane mein kathinaaee joe prakriti mein maujood naheen hain (jaise kii nabilon, masala, huu, jwh shrinkhala, aadi).), "neocanabinoid" shabd koo baad vaale kaa naam dene key liye prastaavit kiya gayaa haye.
upayog karein.
synthetic canabinoids canabinoid anusandhaan key liye banaae gaye they joe tetrahydrocanabinol (thc), canabinoid receptors aur endocanabinoids parr dhyaan kendrit karate they joe unhein shareer mein sakriya karate hain. praakritik canabinoids parr kanuni pratibandhon key kaaran aanshik roop seey synthetic canabinoids kii aavashyakta thee, jisase unhein anusandhaan key liye praapt karna mushkil hoe jaataa haye. kaee upayogi rahey hain kyonki way yaa tou see. bee. 1 yaa see. bee. 2 receptors key saath chuninda roop seey baandhate hain, jabaki tii. aich. see. donon key liye samaan lagaav rakhta haye. tritium-label vaale canabinoids jaise kii see. pee.-55,940 ney 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein canabinoid receptors kii khoj mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai.
kuchh praarambhik synthetic canabinoids kaa upayog chikitsakiya roop seey bhee kiya gayaa thaa. nabylone, pahali peedhi kaa synthetic thc analogue, 1981 seey ulti aur matali seey nipatane key liye ack antimatic key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa rhaa haye. synthetic thc (marinol, dronabinol) kaa upayog 1985 seey antimatic key roop mein kiya jaa rhaa haye, aur 1991 seey bhookh uttejak key roop mein, halanki synthetic thc koo aksar "synthetic canabinoids" mein soochibaddh naheen kiya jaataa haye, balki ack "synthetic phytocanabinoid" key roop mein kiya jaataa haye."
2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein, bhang key samaan prabhaav praapt karane key prayaas mein manoranjak dawa key upayog key liye synthetic canabinoids kaa upayog kiya jaanaa shuru huaa. kyonki synthetic canabinoid aanvik sanrachanaaen thc aur anya avaidh canabinoids seey alag hain, synthetic canabinoids takniki roop seey avaidh naheen they. 2008 mein manoranjak upayog key liye synthetic canabinoids key upayog kii khoj key baad seey, kuchh synthetic canabinoids koo avaidh banaa diyaa gayaa haye, lekin pratibandhon seey bachane key liye nae analogue koo lagaatar sanshleshit kiya jaataa haye. synthetic canabinoids kaa upayog manoranjak roop seey bhee kiya gayaa haye kyonki way saste hain aur aam taur parr maanak marizuana dawa parikshanon dwara prakat naheen kiye jaate hain. nabylone key vipareet, manoranjak upayog key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale synthetic canabinoids kaa koee pralekhit chikitsiya prabhaav naheen thaa.
vishaaktata.
kyonki way canabinoid cb1 aur cb2 receptors koo sakriya karate hain, synthetic canabinoids key kaee prabhaav thc key samaan hotey hain. yeye cumm khuraak parr praapt kiye jaate hain, kyonki kaee synthetic canabinoids marizuana kii tulanaa mein adhik shaktishali hotey hain, aur upayogkarta aksar iss baat seey anjaan hotey hain kii unhein kyaa mill rhaa haye aur yeh kitna shaktishali haye. udaaharan key liye, δ9-thc mein cb1 parr 250 nm kaa ec50 aur cb2 parr 1157 nm hotaa haye, jabaki pb-22 mein cb1 parr 5.1 nm kaa ec50 aur cb2 parr 37 nm hotaa haye. synthetic canabinoid upayog key kaaran dekhe gaye pratikool prabhaavon mein teevra gurde kii chot, hriday vishaaktata, daura, stroke, compan, hypocalemia aur rabodomyolysis shamil hain. upayogkartaon dwara report kiye gaye 5aff-pb-22 key kuchh nakaratmak prabhaavon mein matali, ulti, bhram, kharaab samanvaya, chinta aur daure shamil they. upayogkartaon dwara report kiye gaye 5aff-ekebi-48 key kuchh nakaratmak prabhaavon mein dhadakanen, matibhram, teevra chinta aur jaley hue plastic jaisa swaad shamil thaa. isake alawa, jabaki marizuana seey judey koee ghaatak overdose mamle naheen hain, harr saal synthetic canabinoids seey judee mautein hoti hain. synthetic canabinoid key upayog key baad mrityu kii or leey jaane vaale sabse aam tantron mein vyavhaar sambandhi jokhim shamil hain, jaise kii aatm-nuksan aur aatmahatya, oonchaai seey girna, aur yatayat mein bhatakana; hriday prabhaav; aur kendriya tantrika tantra avasaad.
shodhkartaon ney kuchh tarikon kii or ishara kiya haye kii synthetic canabinoids marizuana seey alag hain, aur isaliye adhik khatarnak hoe sakate hain. sabse pahale, way aksar adhik aantarik gatividhi karate hain. kaee synthetic canabinoids canabinoids receptors, cb1 aur cb2 key poorna agonist hain, thc kii tulanaa mein, joe kewal ack aanshik agonist haye. doosara, canabinoid receptors koo sakriya karane key alawa, unake shareer mein anya kriyaaen hoe sakati hain. kuchh aine. aim. dee. aeye. glutamate receptors parr kaam curr sakate hain. kuchh loga yaa tou apratyaksh roop seey maao koo rokkar aur 5-aich. tii. 1 aeye. receptor abhivyakti koo badhaakar, yaa 5-aich. tii. 1 aeye. aur 5-aich. tii. 3 upprakaron sahit seedhe serotonin receptors seey judkar serotonin parr bhee kaam curr sakate hain; kuchh shodhkartaon kaa anuman haye kii yeh gatividhi isaliye hoe sakati haye kyonki kuchh synthetic canabinoids mein indol bhaag serotonin kii sanrachana key samaan haye. teesara, synthetic canabinoids chayapachaya mein toot sakate hain, yaa germ honey parr anya upa-utpaad banaa sakate hain, joe marizuana seey alag hoe sakate hain. jey. doubleu. aich.-018 key charan 1 chayapachaya key parinamswarup cumm seey cumm nau monohydroxylated chayapachaya hotey hain, jinamen seey teen koo tii. aich. see. key chayapachaya kii tulanaa mein see. bee. 1 receptors key poorna agonist key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, jisake parinamswarup kewal ack manosakriya monohydroxylated chayapachaya hotaa haye. metabolite aine-(3-hydroxypantil) jwh-018 mein vishaakt prabhaav paae gaye joe isake mool yaugik mein naheen hotey hain. kuchh chayapachaya canabinoid virodhi bhee prateet hotey hain. anta mein, unamen avaanchhit padaarth hoe sakate hain, galat label hoe sakate hain, yaa vigyaapan kii tulanaa mein alag-alag khuraak hoe sakati hain (ack vishleshan mein, ack logg ikai kaa antar paaya gayaa thaa).
manushyon parr synthetic canabinoids key prabhaavon parr koee aadhikarik adhyayan naheen kiya gayaa haye (jaisa kii aksar avaidh aur sambhaavit vishaakt yaugikon key mamle mein hotaa haye); haalaanki, upayogkarta report aur synthetic canabinoids lene key baad chikitsa dekhbhal kii talash karane vaale rogiyon dwara anubhav kiye gaye prabhaav prakaashit kiye gaye hain. kaee alag-alag synthetic canabinoids mein seey pratyek kaa alag-alag khuraak parr alag-alag prabhaav hoe sakata haye. see. dee. see. ney 2010 aur 2015 key beach synthetic canabinoid overdose kaa varnan kiya aur 277 dawa overdose rogiyon mein seey jinhone synthetic canabinoid koo ekmatra agent key roop mein report kiya, 66.1% ney kendriya tantrika tantra mein samasyaon kii soochana dee (jaise.jee.andolan, komaa, vishaakt manovikriti), 17 pratishat ney hriday sambandhi samasyaon (jaise.jee.7. 6 pratishat ney fuffusiya samasyaon (jinamen seey 5.4 pratishat koo shwasan avasaad thaa) aur 4 pratishat ney gurde mein teevra chot kii soochana dee.
synthetic canabinoids 5aff-pb-22 seey judey chaar postmortem mamalon kii sameeksha kii gaee haye. postmortem rakt key namoonon mein 5aff-pb-22 key 1.1-1.5 ng/ml kii ack seema thee. chaar mamalon mein seey teen achaanak prakaran they aur mrityu key liye agrani lakshnon mein saans kii teevra takleef shamil thee; yakrit, pliha aur gurde mein nason mein bheed; dwiaadhaari fuffusiya shoth; mrit soojan ootak (necrotising granulomatous soojan); aur adhikansh aantarik angon kii bheed. chautha mamla gambhir samasyaon key saath aspatal mein prastut kiya gayaa joe ack dinn key dauran bigad gaee, parisancharan, shwasan, kendriya tantrika tantra aur gurde kii viphalata key saath samaapt hui.
lutt.
synthetic canabinoids lene key baad ack saptah taka chalane vaali phir seey khuraak lene kii prabal majburi, vaapas lene key lakshnon aur lagaatar bhookh kii khabaren aaee hain, joe ingit kartaa haye kii synthetic canabinoids marizuana kii tulanaa mein adhik nashe kii lutt hoe sakate hain.
manovikriti.
vartamaan mein adhyayan upalabdh hain joe synthetic canabinoids aur cycosis key beach ack sambandh kaa sujhaav dete hain. synthetic canabinoids kaa upayog manovikriti seey judaa hoe sakata haye aur chikitsak yeh jaanch karna shuru curr rahey hain kii kyaa aspasht manovaigyaanik lakshnon vaale kuchh rogiyon ney ack samay parr synthetic canabinoids kaa upayog kiya hoga. adhikansh anya manoranjak davaaon key vipareet, synthetic canabinoids key upayog seey prerit naatakiya manovaigyaanik sthiti, kaee mamalon mein, kaee hafton taka bunny rahane key liye, aur ack mamle mein, nashili davaaon key upayog kii poori tarah seey samaapti key baad, saat maheene taka bunny rahane key liye report kii gaee haye. kuchh adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii synthetic canabinoids naa kewal manovikriti koo prerit curr sakate hain, balki way pahale seey sthir manovaigyaanik vikaaron koo aur kharaab curr sakate hain aur kamjor vyaktiyon jaise kii mansik bimari key parivarik itihas vaale logon key beach ack deerghakaalik (deerghakaalik) mansik vikaar koo trigger curr sakate hain. manovaigyaanik vikaaron key liye jokhim karakon vaale vyaktiyon koo aksar synthetic canabinoids kaa upayog karane key khilaf salah dee jaati haye. manochikitsakon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii praakritik bhang mein cbd jaise manovikriti-rodhi rasayan kii kamee, kritrim canabinoids koo praakritik bhang kii tulanaa mein manovikriti koo prerit karane kii adhik sambhavana banaa sakati haye.
sanrachanaatmak vargeekaran.
synthetic canabinoids key liye paanch pramukh shreniyaan hainh shaastriya canabinoids, gair-shaastriya canabinoids, sankar canabinoids, aminoalkilindols aur ecosanoids. shaastriya canabinoids thc key anuroop hain joe ack diabenzopiran ring parr adharit hain. unhein 1960 key dashak mein tii. aich. see. key algaav key baad vikasit kiya gayaa thaa, aur mool roop seey sanshleshit ekmatra canabinoids they. shaastriya canabinoids mein nabilon aur dronabinol shamil hain, aur sabse prasiddh synthetic shaastriya canabinoids mein seey ack huu-210 haye. huu-210 ack kieral yaugik haye jise pahali baar 1980 key dashak mein hebru vishvavidyalaya mein rafale mekaulam dwara sanshleshit kiya gayaa thaa. isaki khoj yuu dwara herble dhoop utpaadon mein kii gaee thee.aiss. janwari 2009 mein seema shulk aur seema suraksha; haalaanki, shaastriya canabinoids aksar manoranjak upayog key liye synthetic canabinoid mishranon mein naheen dekhe jaate hain, sambhavatah isaliye kii unhein sanshleshit karna mushkil haye.
gair-shaastriya canabinoids mein cyclohexylphanols (see. pee.) shamil hain, jinhen pahali baar 1970 key dashak key anta seey 1980 key dashak mein pee. fizer dwara sambhaavit analgesic key roop mein sanshleshit kiya gayaa thaa. see. pee.-47,497 (see. pee.-47,497-see. 8) kaa see. 8 homolog manoranjak roop seey upayog kiye jaa rahey pahale synthetic canabinoids mein seey ack thaa. see. pee.-47,497-see. 8 koo see. pee.-47,497 kii dimethylhaptyl side chain koo ack dimethyloctyl side chain taka badhaakar banaaya jaataa haye. isaki khoj forensic vaigyaanikon dwara 2008 mein ack jadee-bootiyon key mishran mein kii gaee thee jise "masala" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, saath hii saath ack aminoalkilindol jwh-018 bhee.
sankar canabinoids mein shaastriya aur gair-shaastriya canabinoid sanrachanaatmak visheshtaon kaa sanyojan hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye, aeye. aim.-4030, hyu-210 kaa ack vyutpann, ack sankar canabinoid haye kyonki isamen shaastriya canabinoids kaa samanya diabenzopyran ring aur gair-shaastriya canabinoids key see. pee. parivaar mein aam roop seey ack elephatic hydroxyl samooh haye.
aminoalkilindol sanrachanaatmak roop seey thc seey bhinn hotey hain aur inmein nafthoylindol (jwh-018), phenylacetylindol (jwh-250) aur benzoelindol (am-2233) shamil hain. aminoalkilindol koo synthetic canabinoid mishranon mein paaya jaane vaalaa sabse aam synthetic canabinoid maanaa jaataa haye, sambhavatah iss tathya key kaaran kii inn anuon koo shaastriya aur gair-shaastriya canabinoid kii tulanaa mein sanshleshit karna aasaan haye. jey. doubleu. aich. anuon koo pahali baar 1990 key dashak key anta mein clemson vishvavidyalaya mein johnn villium huffman dwara sanshleshit kiya gayaa thaa. aff. bee. aaee. ney 2012 key ack gyaapan mein nishkarsh nikala kii jey. key prakaashan key parinamswarup.doubleu. huffman key shodh mein, "marizuana jaise uchch" kii khoj karane vaale loga unake vyanjanon aur tarikon kaa paalan karenge.
ecosanoid synthetic canabinoids endocanabinoids key anuroop hain, jaise kii anandamide. endocanabinoids shareer mein praakritik roop seey honey vaale canabinoids hain. anandamide key sabse prasiddh synthetic analogue mein seey ack methanandamide haye.
haal hii mein ubhare synthetic canabinoids mein aur bhee adhik sanrachanaatmak vividhata haye, sambhavatah synthetic canabinoids kii pichhali peedhiyon parr kanuni niyamon koo nasht karane key liye. synthetic canabinoids key kuchh alag-alag sanrachanaatmak vargeekaran hain jinamen kaee naee sanrachanaaen shamil hain, jinamen seey kuchh koo talika ack mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. indazole carboxamide samooh, jisamen epinaca (ekebi-48), ack adamentil indazole carboxamide, aur aib-pinaka, ack aminocarbonyl indazole carboxamide, synthetic canabinoids key ack nae samooh kaa ack udaaharan haye. adhikansh gupt nirmaata aur utpaadak kewal ack synthetic canabinoid kii sanrachana mein chhote badalaav karate hain, jaise kii ack indol koo indazole sanrachana (am-2201 seey thj-2201) mein badalana yaa antim florin pratisthaapan; haalaanki, ack samooh joe 2013 mein forensic vaigyaanikon dwara khoje jaane parr abhootpoorv thaa, quinolinil ester synthetic canabinoids thaa.
pee. bee.-22 aur 5aff-pee. bee.-22 pahale synthetic canabinoids they jinamen quinoline upasanrachana aur ester linkage shamil thaa. maanaa jaataa haye kii inn yaugikon koo ack synthetic canabinoid utpaad banaane key iraade seey sanshleshit kiya gayaa thaa, joe avashoshan aur bhramit pehchaan mein sudhaar curr sakata haye. ester bonned sahaj yaa antarjan, gair-vishisht asters hydrolysis key madhyam seey aasaani seey jaiv apghataniya hotey hain, jiska upayog aamtaur parr ester prodrugs banaane key liye aushadhiya rasayan vigyaan mein kiya jaataa haye. quinolone upa-sanrachana mein parivartan kaa kaaran agyaat haye, lekin yeh naphthoil bhaag key liye ack upayukt pratisthaapan paaya jaa sakata haye joe vartamaan mein yuu. aiss. anusuchana kaanoonon dwara viniyamit haye.
haalaanki adhikansh synthetic canabinoids thc key pratyaksh anuroop naheen hain, way thc key saath kaee samanya visheshtaon koo saajha karate hain. adhikansh lipid-ghulansheel, gair-dhruviya, chhote anu (aamtaur parr 20-26 carbon paramanu) hotey hain joe kaafee asthir hotey hain, jisase way thc kii tarah "dhuein key yogya" hoe jaate hain. adhikansh synthetic canabinoids aur tii. aich. see. kii ack anya samanya visheshta paanch seey nau santript carbon parmaanuon kii ack side-chain haye. yeh paaya gayaa haye kii carbon kii iss shrinkhala kii aavashyakta cb1 receptors koo baandhane seey ishtatam manodaihik gatividhi key liye hoti haye. isake alawa, adhikansh synthetic canabinoids canabinoid receptors, cb1 aur cb2 donon key agonist hain, jaise thc; haalaanki, unamen aksar adhik bandhan sambandh hotaa haye aur isaliye thc kii tulanaa mein adhik shakti hoti haye, jaisa kii talika dou mein dekhaa gayaa haye. adhik shakti key kaaran, kaee synthetic canabinoids kii maanak khuraak 1 milligram seey cumm hoe sakati haye.
roodhivaadi vishishtata.
adhikansh shaastriya, gair-shaastriya aur sankar synthetic canabinoids mein stereosphacification hoti haye (ack stereoisomer aamtaur parr stereocyzer kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik shaktishali hotaa haye). udaaharan key liye, huu-210 11-oh-δ8-thc-dee. aim. aich. kaa (-) ananciomer haye aur see. bee. 1 receptor kaa ack poorna agonist haye; 11-oh-dee. 8-tii. aich. see.-dee. aim. aich. kaa (+) ananciomer, jise huu-211 key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack aine. aim. dee. aeye. virodhi receptor haye aur canabinoid key roop mein kaafee hudd taka nishkriya haye. doosari or, aminoalkilindol, ecosanoids aur anya nae synthetic canabinoid samoohon mein aam taur parr ack asmamit kendra naheen hotaa haye, isaliye way aamtaur parr stereosphaciphic naheen hotey hain.
antim carbon kaa florinikaran.
haal hii mein antim roop seey florinyukt synthetic canabinoids key udbhav mein vriddhi hui haye, jaise kii 5aff-pb-22 (pb-22 kaa florinyukt sanskaran) aur xlr-11 (ur-144 kaa florinyukt sanskaran). dakshin koria kii rashtriya forensic seva ney bataaya kii 2013 mein jabt kiye gaye sabhi synthetic canabinoids mein seey 90 pratishat florinyukt they, jabaki 2010 mein koee florinyukt synthetic canabinoids naheen they. synthetic canabinoids key 5aff-vyutpann (antim florin) apane gair-florinyukt samkakshon kii tulanaa mein cb1 receptors mein lagbhag 2-5 gunaa adhik shaktishali paae gaye hain, jaisa kii talika dou mein dikhaaya gayaa haye.
shaaririk taral padarthon mein pehchaan.
synthetic canabinoids kii pehchaan aam taur parr maanak marizuana dawa parikshanon dwara naheen kii jaati haye jisamen immunoese pareekshan (utsarjit), jee. see.-aim. aiss. screening aur ell. see.-jee. see./aim. aiss. dwara bahu-lakshya screening shamil hain kyonki way pareekshan kewal tii. aich. see. aur isake chayapachaya kii upasthiti kaa pataa lagaate hain. haalaanki adhikansh synthetic canabinoids thc key anuroop hain, way sanrachanaatmak roop seey itane alag hain kii, udaaharan key liye, marizuana key liye utsarjit vishisht antibody unase naheen judate hain. isake alawa, unaki uchch shakti key kaaran, synthetic canabinoids kii ack bahut chhoti khuraak kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye; isake alawa, synthetic canabinoids shareer dwara atyadhik chayapachaya kiye jaate hain, isaliye rakt aur maukhik taral mein mool dawa (synthetic canabinoid swayam) kaa pataa lagaane kii khidki bahut cumm hoti haye.
synthetic canabinoids kii seeram sandrata aam taur parr manoranjak upayog key baad pahale kuchh ghanton key dauran 1-10 microgram/ell seema mein hoti haye aur chayapachaya aamtaur parr mootra mein samaan sandrata parr maujood hotey hain. mootra mein bahut cumm yaa koee mool dawa maujood naheen haye, isaliye pramukh mootra chayapachaya kii pehchaan karane key liye bahut saare shodh hain jinka upayog synthetic canabinoid sevan key marker key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. adhikansh mamalon mein pramukh mootra chayapachaya alkill side-chain key okseekaran seey ack alcohol aur carboxylic acid mein banate hain, jisake baad glucuronide sanyugman aur aine-dealkillation aur sugandhit hydroxylation bhee hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye, jey. doubleu. aich-018 key mukhya chayapachaya, jinamen seey 20 seey adhik hain, mein carboxylated, monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated aur trihydroxylated chayapachaya shamil hain, lekin way jyaadaatar mootra mein glucoronide sanyugma key roop mein utsarjit hotey hain. shaaririk taral padarthon mein synthetic canabinoids yaa unake chayapachaya kii upasthiti koo vishesh roop seey lakshit vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh pratiraksha pareekshan vidhiyon (utsarjit) kaa upayog karke nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakata haye, jabaki taral chromatography-dravyamaan spectrometry kaa upayog aksar pushti aur matratmakta key liye kiya jaataa haye. aine. aim. aiss. labs, cayman chemical aur immunoenalysis corporation jaisi companiyon key madhyam seey synthetic canabinoids jey. doubleu. doubleu.-018, jey. doubleu. doubleu.-073, jey. doubleu. doubleu.-398, jey. doubleu. doubleu.-200, jey. doubleu. doubleu.-019, jey. doubleu. doubleu-122, jey. doubleu. doubleu-081, jey. doubleu. doubleu-250, jey. doubleu. doubleu-203, see. pee.-47,497, see. pee.-47,497-see8, aich. yuu.-210, aich. yuu.-211, aeye. aim.-2201, aeye. aim.-694, aar. see. aiss.-4 aur aar. see. aiss.-8 kii jaanch key liye vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh utsarjak kitt hain.
ullekhaniya ghatanaaen.
20 octuber, 2011 koo, louisiana raajya vishvavidyalaya football karyakram ney ghoshana kii kii usane teen khilaadiyon koo nilambit curr diyaa haye, jisamen starr cornerback tyron maithyu bhee shamil haye, joe synthetic canabinoids key liye sakaratmak pareekshan kiya thaa.
2014 kii sharad ritu mein, roose mein dou hazaar seey adhik masala upbhoktaon ney chikitsa sahaayata maangi, ack hazaar koo aspatalon mein bharti karaaya gayaa, aur 40 logon kii maut hoe gaee.
12 julaai, 2016 koo brooklin mein 33 logon koo "eke-47 24 carrett gold" naamak ack herble "dhoop" utpaad aur darjanon logon koo adhik matra mein nashe mein dhut kiya gayaa thaa. 18 logon koo sthaaniya aspatalon mein leey jaaya gayaa. jadee-bootiyon seey baney "dhoop" utpaad koo ack synthetic canabinoid maanaa jaataa thaa jise amb-fubinaka kahaa jaataa thaa.
march 2018 seey, sanyukt raajya america mein ilinois, wisconsin, maryland aur 8 anya raajyon mein brodifacom seey dooshit ack synthetic canabinoid key kaaran gambhir raktasraav kaa prakop huaa haye, joe ack choohe kaa jahar haye joe raktasraav kaa kaaran banata haye. ilinois sabse adhik prabhaavit huaa aur 5 aprail, 2018 koo, see. dee. see. ney sanyukt raajya bhar mein swaasthya dekhbhal pradaataon koo ilinois mein "gambhir aspashteekrit raktasraav" key 89 pusht mamalon kii salah dete hue naidaanik kaarravaai chetavani jaari kii. mamalon kaa abhee bhee adhyayan kiya jaa rhaa haye; haalaanki, 63 rogiyon ney synthetic canabinoid upayog kii soochana dee, aur prayogshala vishleshan ney pushti kii kii cumm seey cumm 18 rogiyon mein brodifacom maujood thaa. 24 aprail, 2018 taka, iss prakop seey judey chaar mauton sahit 153 mamle 7 march, 2018 seey ilinois saarvajanik swaasthya vibhaag (aaee. dee. aff. aff.) koo soochit kiye gaye hain. 18 sitambar, 2018 koo, wisconsin swaasthya seva vibhaag ney 16 aur mamalon kii pushti kii, jisase march 2018 seey wisconsin mein prakop seey prabhaavit logon kii kull sankhya 80 hoe gaee, jisamen julaai 2018 mein ack maut bhee shamil haye.
agast 2018 mein, key2 key kharaab batch seey nae aashray, connecticut mein dou dinon mein lagbhag ack sou adhik matra key mamle saamane aae. maanaa jaataa thaa kii synthetic canabinoid koo fentanil key saath milaaya gayaa thaa, halanki dee. aeye. dwara pareekshan kii gaee dawa key namoonon mein kissy bhee fentanil kii pehchaan naheen kii gaee thee.
sitambar 2018 mein, cumm seey cumm 10 logon ney dou dinon mein newzealand key christchurch mein synthetic canabinoid, yaa tou amb-fubinaka yaa aib, kii adhik matra lii. kuchh logon kii haalat gambhir haye aur way gahan chikitsa ikai mein hain.
sitambar 2018 seey, philadelphia key kensington kshetra mein lagbhag 50 logon kii adhik matra mein aur dou logon kii maut hoe gaee. adhikaariyon kaa maanana thaa kii iska kaaran heroin yaa fentanil aur ack synthetic canabinoid kaa sanyojan haye. philadelphia mein isi kshetra mein julaai 2018 mein ack saptahant mein 155 logon kii adhik matra thee aur heroin, fentanil aur 5aff-adb naamak ack synthetic canabinoid key sanyojan seey 10 logon kii mrityu hoe gaee thee. saarvajanik swaasthya vibhaag ney jaari kiya kii unakaa maanana haye kii "5aff-adb inn pratikool dawa pratikriyaon vaale rogiyon key samooh kaa praathamik kaaran thaa."
10 disambar, 2021 koo, hillsburo county, florida key swaasthya vibhaag ney kogulopathy seey judey lakshnon seey judey "choohe key jahar" dooshit synthetic mishranon key mamalon kii soochana dee, ack aisee sthiti jahaan rakt key thakke banane kii kshamata kharaab hoe jaati haye. 16 disambar, 2021 taka 2 mautein aur 41 seey adhik aspatal mein bharti honey koo iss vishisht prakop seey seedhe taur parr jodaa gayaa haye.
shodh karein.
vashpikaran seey sambandhit fuffusiya chot.
kritrim canabinoids key vashpikaran seey sambandhit fuffusiya chot (vaapi) mein shamil honey kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa haye.
kanuni pratibandh aur kshetriya upalabdhata.
europe.
austriya.
austriyai swaasthya mantralaya ney 18 disambar, 2008 koo ghoshana kii kii masaale koo unake dawa-kaanoon key paragraph 78 key tahat iss aadhar parr niyantrit kiya jaayega kii isamen ack sakriya padaarth haye joe shareer key karyon koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, aur jwh-018 kii vaidhata kii sameeksha kii jaa rahee haye.
germany.
22 janwari, 2009 seey germany mein jwh-018, cp 47,497 aur cp 47,497 key see6, see8 aur see9 samroopata avaidh hain. 26 navambar, 2016 seey synthetic canabinoids key samooh seey sambandhit padarthon key baare mein 80-90% germany mein avaidh hain kyonki kaanoon sabhi rasayanik sanrachanaon koo shamil naheen kartaa haye.
france.
24 farwari, 2009 koo france mein jey. doubleu. aich-018, see. pee. 47,497 (aur isake samroop), aur huu-210 sabhi koo avaidh banaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
ireland.
juuna 2010 seey, jey. doubleu. aich-018, vibhinn prakaar kii anya designer davaaon key saath, avaidh rhaa haye.
latvia.
jey. doubleu. doubleu.-018, jey. doubleu. aich.-073, see. pee. 47,497 (aur isake samroopata), aur huu-210 key saath-saath "leonotis leonurus" koo 2005 seey latvia mein pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa haye. 2013 key anta mein kanuni davaaon key upayog seey pahale pusht ghaatak mamle key baad, sansad ney masaale aur isi tarah kii taiyari mein upayog kiye jaane vaale asthaayi roop seey pratibandhit padarthon kii sankhya mein kaafee vriddhi kii. 3 aprail, 2014 koo sansad ney asthaayi roop seey pratibandhit padarthon kii bikri koo aaparaadhik aparaadh banaa diyaa.
polland.
jey. doubleu. doubleu.-018 aur masalon kii samagri soochi mein ullikhit kaee jadee-bootiyon aur isi tarah kii taiyari koo maee 2009 mein avaidh banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. vidheyak koo polish sejam aur polish senate dwara paarit kiya gayaa thaa aur rashtrapati dwara hastakshar kiye gaye they.
romenia.
15 farwari, 2010 koo romenia mein masaale koo avaidh banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. 12 sitambar 2018 koo masaale koo vyaktigat upayog key liye vaidh banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. vyaktigat upayog key liye masalon koo phir seey avaidh banaane key liye ack nae kaanoon parr charcha kii jaa rahee haye.
roose.
9 aprail, 2009 koo russie sangh key mukhya chikitsa adhikaari ney dhumrapan-mishran kii bikri parr niyantran koo majboot karane parr ack prastaav jaari kiya. aim-hii-koo, dream, masala (sonaa, heera), zoom, aiks-sez, yukatan fayer aur anya vyaparik naamon key tahat vipanan kiye jaane vaale inn mishranon mein "salvia divinorum", havaiyan lakadi kaa gulab aur neela kamal honey kii ghoshana kii gaee haye aur inhen becha jaanaa pratibandhit haye. inn padarthon mein "manodaihik, maadak prabhaav, jaharile ghatak hotey hain aur manushyon key liye sambhaavit khatare kaa pratinidhitva karate hain" paaya gayaa haye. sankalp mein jwh-018 yaa anya synthetic canabinoids kaa ullekh naheen haye. 14 janwari, 2010 koo, russie sarkaar ney ack bayaan jaari kiya jisamen dhumrapan mein paae jaane vaale 23 synthetic canabinoids shamil hain, jinamen havaiyan gulab aur neela kamal pratibandhit maadak aur manodaihik padarthon kii soochi mein shamil hain.
2011 seey 2014 taka soochi mein lagbhag 780 nae mano-sakriya padaarth jode gaye they. dawa nirmaataon ney davaaon mein mamuli badalaav karke sabhi pratibandhon seey bachaa. 2014 kii sharad ritu mein, roose mein dou hazaar seey adhik masala upbhoktaon ney chikitsa sahaayata maangi, ack hazaar koo aspatalon mein bharti karaaya gayaa, aur 30 octuber, 2014 koo 40 logon kii mrityu hoe gaee, rashtrapati vladmir putin ney ack vidheyak laaya jisamen dhumrapan mishranon koo bechane yaa sevan karane key liye jurmana jurmaane seey badhaakar aathh saal taka kii jail kii sajaa dee gaee.
slovakia.
slovakia mein masala vaidh haye. rashtriya maadak padaarth-rodhi ikai ise niyantrit padarthon kii soochi mein jodane parr vichaar curr rahee haye. navintam anty-drugg kaanoon sanskaran (468/2009) janwari 2010 seey maanya haye, jisamen masaale key sakriya yaugikon kaa ullekh naheen haye.
spen.
spen mein masala aniyamit haye. iss kaaran seey, masala grow shop store yaa bhang seey sambandhit stores mein upalabdh haye, aur ise usa tarah kii dukaanon seey binaa kissy kanuni baadha key online kharida aur bheja jaa sakata haye.
sweeden.
15 sitambar, 2009 koo sweeden mein see. pee. 47,497-see. 6, see. pee. 47,497-see. 7, see. pee. 47,497-see. 8, see. pee. 47,497-see. 9, jey. doubleu. aich-018, jey. doubleu. aich-073 aur aich. yuu.-210 sabhi koo avaidh banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. iss vidheyak koo 30 julaai, 2009 koo sweekaar curr liya gayaa thaa aur 15 sitambar, 2009 koo ise lagu curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
switzerland.
switzerland mein masaale parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa haye.
turkey.
masala, jise turkey mein bolchal kii bhasha mein "bonzai" kahaa jaataa haye, koo 1 julaai, 2011 koo 2011-1310 b key roop mein kramaankit kaanoon dwara davaaon aur manodaihik padarthon kii soochi mein jodaa gayaa thaa.key.key. (13 farwari, 2011 aur aadhikarik rajpatra sam. 27845).
united kingdam.
yuke shreni bee davaaon key roop mein davaaon key durupyog adhiniyam, 1971 key tahat analogue dwara synthetic canabinoids koo niyantrit kartaa haye. 2016 taka, synthetic canabinoids kanuni roop seey mukhya dukaanon mein beche jaate they, halanki upalabdh sateek yaugik samay key saath kaanoon key aadhar parr badal gaye. britten ney paanch varshon key bheetar synthetic canabinoids kii teen peedhiyon koo dekhaa, jahaan doosari aur teesari peedhiyan drugs adhiniyam, 1971, adesh 2009 aur adesh 2013 key durupyog mein sanshodhan key jawab mein ubhari, jisane kaee pahali aur doosari peedhi key synthetic canabinoids koo shreni bee davaaon key roop mein vargeekrit kiya. 2016 aur 2019 mein dou atirikt sanshodhan kiye gaye, jisamen analogue niyantran mein usa samay prasaarit honey vaale kaee sabse lokpriya synthetic canabinoids shamil they. maee 2016 mein, manosakriya padaarth adhiniyam lagu kiya gayaa thaa, jisane manosakriya prabhaavon key saath maanav upbhog key liye kissy bhee padaarth key utpaadan, vitaran, bikri, aapoorti aur sudharatmak sansthanon mein rakhane koo avaidh banaa diyaa thaa. isane mukhya dukaanon mein synthetic canabinoids kii khuli bikri koo roque diyaa, halanki way abhee bhee upayog mein paae jaate hain.
uttari america.
kanada.
kanada mein masala vishesh roop seey nishiddh naheen haye, lekin synthetic bhang kii nakal koo anusuchi II dawa key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye. niyantrit dawa aur padaarth adhiniyam kii anusuchi II vishisht kritrim yaugikon jey. doubleu. aich.-XXX aur aeye. aim.-XXXX kaa sandarbh detee haye, halanki yeh pehchaane gaye yaugikon taka seemit naheen haye. health kanada iss vishay parr bahas curr rhaa haye. anusuchi II mein octuber 2018 seey poori tarah seey synthetic canabinoids shamil hain; yeye bhang aur prakriti seey praapt isake ghatakon kii anusuchi seey hataane key baad avaidh baney hue hain.
sanyukt raajya america.
indianola, ayova key ack americi kishore david michel rozga key mamle ney key2 kii or antarrashtriya dhyaan aakarshit kiya. rozga ney 6 juuna, 2010 koo ack spasht aatmahatya mein parivaar key swaamitva vaali shikaar rifle seey khud koo sir mein goli maar lii. rozga kii mrityu kii khabar key baad, doston dwara yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii unhone unaki mrityu seey lagbhag ack ghante pahale rozga key saath key2 kaa dhumrapan kiya thaa. unaki mrityu kii prakriti aur parivaar key kaee sadasyon kii reports ney jaanchkartaon koo sandeh karane key liye prerit kiya kii jaba unaki mrityu hui tou rozga ack munn-badalane vaale padaarth key prabhaav mein thaa. rozga kii mrityu ney key2 aur anya kanuni synthetic davaaon jaise snan lavan key khilaf raajneetik pairavi koo prabhaavit kiya. ghatana key baad, key2 key upayog aur vitaran parr pratibandh lagaane key liye "david michel rozga adhiniyam" ayova senator chuck grassley dwara pesh kiya gayaa thaa. ise juuna 2011 mein sanyukt raajya congress dwara paarit kiya gayaa thaa. 10 julaai, 2012 koo, rashtrapati baraak obama ney 2012 key synthetic drugg durupyog roktham adhiniyam parr hastakshar kiye. isane aamtaur parr synthetic marizuana mein paae jaane vaale synthetic yaugikon koo pratibandhit curr diyaa, unhein niyantrit padaarth adhiniyam kii anusuchi I key tahat rakhaa.isase pahale, kuchh synthetic bhang yaugik (hu-210) sanyukt raajya america mein sanghiya kaanoon key tahat nirdhaarit kiye gaye they, jabaki anya (jwh-073) asthaayi roop seey nirdhaarit kiye gaye they jaba taka kii unaki sthiti kaa antim nirdhaaran naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa. dawa pravartan prashaasan (dee. aeye.) ney key2 koo "chinta kii dawa" maanaa...aapaatkaaleen kaksh mein jaane aur jahar-niyantran kendron koo coll karane mein vriddhi. isake upayog seey judey pratikool swaasthya prabhaavon mein daure, matibhram, matibhram vyavhaar, andolan, chinta, matali, ulti, dill kii dhadkan aur uchch raktchaap shamil hain."
kaee raajyon ney swatantra roop seey raajya key kaanoon key tahat ise avaidh banaane vaale adhiniyam paarit kiye, jinamen march 2010 mein kansas, maee 2010 mein georgia aur alabama, julaai 2010 mein tenacy aur misauri, agast 2010 mein louisiana, sitambar 2010 mein mississippi aur ayova shamil hain. julaai 2010 mein arconsus mein synthetic bhang nakal kii bikri parr pratibandh lagaane kaa ack aapaatkaaleen adesh paarit kiya gayaa thaa. octuber 2010 mein, oregan board off pharmacy ney niyantrit padaarth kii apani anusuchi 1 mein synthetic canabinoid rasayanon koo soochibaddh kiya, jiska arth haye kii oregan samaan niyantrit padaarth adhiniyam key tahat inn padarthon kii bikri aur kabja avaidh haye. raajya vidhaansabhaaon key rashtriya sammelan key anusaar, kaee anya raajyon ney bhee kaanoon banaane parr vichaar kiya, jisamen nyu jersey, newyork, florida aur ohiyo shamil hain. ilinois ney 27 julaai, 2010 koo ack kaanoon paarit kiya, jisamen 1 janwari, 2011 taka sabhi synthetic canabinoids parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. mishigan ney octuber 2010 mein synthetic canabinoids parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa, aur dakshin dakota vidhaayika ney inn utpaadon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa, jiss parr sarkaar dwara kaanoon mein hastakshar kiye gaye they. 23 farwari, 2012 koo dennis dougard (aur joe raajya key samvidhaan key ack aapaatkaaleen khand key tahat tatkaal prabhaav mein aaya). indiana ney ack kaanoon mein synthetic canabinoids parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa joe march 2012 mein prabhaavi hoe gayaa. uttari carolina ney raajya senate key sarvasammat vote dwara synthetic canabis nakal parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa, iss chinta key kaaran kii isaki samagri aur prabhaav uchit roop seey canabis key samaan hain, aur manovaigyaanik nirbharta key mamle mein samaan prabhaav paida curr sakate hain.
japan mein nausena, senaa aur samudri core key karmiyon dwara synthetic canabinoids key upayog seey judey mamalon key baad, unhein aadhikarik taur parr pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. commander marine corps forces, paisifik dwara 4 janwari, 2010 koo jaari ack dandaatmak samanya adesh synthetic bhang nakal key saath-saath isake kissy bhee vyutpann, anuroop yaa sanskaran key vaastavik yaa prayaas kiye gaye kabje, upayog, bikri, vitaran aur nirmaan koo pratibandhit kartaa haye. 8 juuna, 2010 koo, americi vayu senaa ney ack gyaapan jaari kiya jisamen apane seva sadasyon key beach sharaab yaa tambaku koo chhodkar masaale, yaa kissy anya manodasha badalane vaale padaarth key rakhane aur upayog parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
2011 seey 8veen, 10veen aur 12veen kaksha key chhatron key beach upayog cumm hoe rhaa haye, jabaki vanaspatijanya marizuana kaa upayog sthir banaa huaa haye. paschimi aur dakshini america mein badee girawat key saath mahatvapurna kshetriya antar hain, aur poorvottar aur madhya paschim mein vriddhi hui haye.
dakshin america.
chilly.
chilly key swaasthya mantralaya ney 24 aprail, 2009 koo synthetic bhang nakal kii bikri koo avaidh ghoshit kiya.
asia.
dakshin koria.
dakshin koria ney aadhikarik taur parr 1 julaai, 2009 koo jey. doubleu. aich-018, see. pee. 47,497 aur aich. yuu.-210 koo niyantrit padaarth soochi mein jodaa, jisase yeye rasayan prabhaavi roop seey avaidh hoe gaye.
indoneshiya.
"tambaku utpaadon mein mishrit synthetic canabinoids key liye ack catch-aul shabd "tembaakaau gorilla" (gorilla tambaku) koo 2017 mein binaa kissy chikitsiya upayog key shreni I maadak padarthon key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa.
japan.
japan ney octuber 2009 seey jey. doubleu. aich-018, see. pee. 47,497, aur homolog aur huu-210 parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa haye.
sanyukt arab amirat.
sanyukt arab amirat ney kahaa thaa kii masala ack avaidh padaarth haye aur ise rakhna yaa bechane kaa irada jail yogya aparaadh haye.
australia.
australia.
17 juuna, 2011 koo paschimi australiyai sarkaar ney pahale seey maujood utpaadon mein paae jaane vaale sabhi synthetic canabinoids parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa, jisamen chronic, kalma, woodoo, kaos aur aam kush jaise brand shamil hain. paschimi australia australia kaa pahala raajya thaa jisane kuchh synthetic canabinoids kii bikri parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa thaa. 18 juuna, 2013 koo ack antarim pratibandh ney utpaad brandon aur kritrim padarthon kii ack badee soochi koo australia mein kaheen bhee bechane key liye avaidh banaa diyaa. yeh pratibandh 13 octuber, 2013 koo samaapt hoe gayaa aur sthaayi pratibandh naheen lagaaya gayaa haye. aine. aiss. doubleu. mein synthetic canabinoids aur sambandhit utpaad avaidh baney hue hain, jahaan 18 sitambar, 2013 koo ack vidheyak paarit kiya gayaa thaa, joe kewal maujooda yaugikon parr pratibandh lagaane key bajaay synthetic davaaon key poore parivaaron koo pratibandhit kartaa haye, jinaki pehchaan kii gaee haye. iss kaanoon kii shuruat nsw koo cycoactive gunon vaale padarthon koo poori tarah seey pratibandhit karane vaalaa australia kaa pahala raajya banaati haye.
newzealand.
newzealand mein synthetic canabinoids avaidh hain, ise ack niyantrit dawa key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. newzealand kii sansad ney julaai 2013 mein dayeri aur supermarket mein kanuni uchch kii bikri parr pratibandh lagaane vaalaa ack kaanoon paarit kiya, lekin kuchh "cumm jokhim" vaali davaaon koo visheshagyata licenses praapt dukaanon key madhyam seey becha jaanaa jaari rakhane kii anumati dee. newzealand sarkaar dwara ack saptah pahale ack kaanoon paarit kiye jaane key baad, 7 maee 2014 kii aadhi raat koo synthetic canabinoids key saath-saath anya sabhi kanuni uchch staron koo gairkaanooni ghoshit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
paryaavaran vigyaan aur anusandhaan sansthaan dwara aayojit aur julaai 2011 mein jaari kiye gaye newzealand mein vyaavsaayik roop seey beche jaane vaale 41 alag-alag synthetic bhang nakal mishranon key vishleshan mein paaya gayaa kii upayog kii jaane vaali 11 alag-alag synthetic canabinoid samagri, jinamen jwh-018, jwh-073, am-694, am-2201, rcs-4, rcs-4 butyle homolog, jwh-210, jwh-081, jwh-250 (yaa sambhavatah jwh-302, isomer nirdhaarit naheen kiya gayaa), jwh-203, aur jwh-122-ack seey paanch alag-alag sakriya avayavon key saath, halanki jwh-018 pareekshan kiye gaye 41 mishranon mein seey 37 mein maujood thaa. dou brandon mein, benzodiazepine angiciolytic dawa fenazepam bhee paaee gaee, jise newzealand mein ack prescription dawa key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye, aur inn brandon koo aapaatkaaleen ricaul dwara bajar seey hataane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. iss samay key baad seey, newzealand mein synthetic bhang key mishran kii nakal karane vaale avayavon key roop mein 15 aur canabinoid yaugikon kaa pataa chalaa haye aur asthaayi shreni kii davaaon key roop mein pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa haye. 2013 mein, ack anya sammohan dawa, zeleplon, kaa upayog ack mishran mein ack sakriya ghatak key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa joe 2011 aur 2012 key dauran newzealand mein becha gayaa thaa.

