
tope (ghar)

cannon ingland key little stanmore, midlessex mein ack shandar ghar thaa. yeh 1713 aur 1724 key beach £200,000 (aaj key £ key barabar) kii laagat seey james bridges, chandos key pahale duke dwara banaaya gayaa thaa, site parr pahale key ghar koo badal diyaa gayaa thaa. 1747 mein chandos key ghar koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur isaki samagri titar-bitar curr dee gaee thee.
tope" naam "cannon" kii ack aprachalit vartani haye aur yeh sent bartholomeu aspatal, landan key augustinian cannon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, joe angreji sudhaar seey pahale sampatti kaa swaamitva rakhta thaa.
topein pahale duke key kalaatmak sanrakshan kaa kendra they-sanrakshan jisake kaaran unakaa upnaam "kalaa kaa apolo" thaa. bridge mein puraane maalikon aur bhavya tour adhigrahanon seey bharee topein bharee gaeen, aur 1717 seey 1718 taka nivasi ghar sangeetkaar key roop mein handell koo bhee niyukt kiya gayaa. topon kii prasiddhi aisee thee kii janata key sadasya badee sankhya mein sampatti mein jaane key liye ikattha hue aur alekjendar pope parr anyaaypurna roop seey apane "swaad key patra" (1731) mein ghar kaa pratinidhitva karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa.
1713 mein apani pahali patni mairi jheel key chaacha seey chandos ney topon kii sampatti kaa adhigrahan kiya thaa. mairi key pardada surr thomas jheel ney 1604 mein grate steinmore kii jagir hassil curr lii thee. 1744 mein pahale duke kii mrityu key baad, topein unake bete heinry bridge, chandos key dusare duke koo saunp dee gaeen. topon key nirmaan kii laagat aur dakshin samudri bulbule mein parivaar key bhaagya koo mahatvapurna nuksan key kaaran heinry kii viraasat mein bahut cumm taral poonji thee, isaliye 1747 mein unhone topon mein baarah dinon kii vidhvans bikri kii, jisamen samagri aur ghar kii sanrachana donon koo dekhaa gayaa aur isaki sthaapana key bamushkil tees saal baad ack khandahar seey thodaa adhik chhod diyaa gayaa. villium hallet dwara nirmit baad key vilaa parr abb uttari landan college school kaa kabja haye.
itihas.
puraataatvik pramaan hain kii iss sthal kaa upayog roman kaal mein eent aur tyle banaane key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
madhyakaaleen samay mein yeh sthal sent bartholomeu key priory key daan kaa ack hissa thaa joe landan mein sent bartholomeu aspatal kaa sanchaalan kartaa thaa. isane ise tope naam diyaa, cannon sant bartholomeu key priory key augustinian sahit bhikshuon key kuchh aadeshon key liye ack pracheen shabd thaa. mathon key vighatan parr 1543 mein bhoomi koo niji haathon mein betch diyaa gayaa thaa. 16veen aur 17veen shatabdi key dauran ack badey ghar kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, joe thomas jheel key swaamitva mein thaa, james aaee key khajaane key kuladhipati.
james bridges yahaan key liye ack saansad they jinhone balon key liye paymaster general kaa pada hassil kiya. vaha 1713 mein 600,000 pound key bhaagya key saath sevaanivritt hue, jisaki keemat aaj £ 58,000,000 haye, unhone apani dekhbhal mein paise key saath atkalon seey laabh uthaaya thaa. bridge koo apani pahali patni mairi seey topein viraasat mein millie theen, jinaki 1712 mein mrityu hoe gaee thee. 1713 mein unhone apane chachere bhaai cassendra vilobi seey shaadi kii aur ghar koo badaa karna shuru curr diyaa. bridge ney pariyojana kaa vyaktigat niyantran leey liya aur yeh vastukaron aur paridrishya bagwanon kii ack shrinkhala kaa kaam thaa, joe badal gaye kyonki way paksh mein aur baahar hoe gaye. ack builder kaa upayog poore samay kiya jaataa thaa, edward majboot bujurg, jisaki ack ullekhaniya vanshavali thee, jisamen sent paul key cathedral aur blenheim mahal donon key liye mukhya builder honah shamil thaa. unhone iss ghar kaa upayog kalaa key sanrakshan key liye ack setting key roop mein kiya, jisamen chitron, murtikala aur opera pradarshanon key saath ise rakhaa gayaa thaa. yeh 1720 taka puuraa hoe gayaa thaa.
1714 mein bridge koo carnwan kaa earl banaaya gayaa thaa aur baad mein vaha chandos kaa duke bunn gayaa. 1720 key dakshin samudri bulbula mein vittiya nuksan seey unaki kismat koo nuksan pahuncha thaa. haalaanki, jaba 1735 mein unaki patni kii mrityu hoe gaee, tou unhone ack ameer 43 varsheeya vidhwa, lady lydia dawal seey punarvivah kiya, jinake naam parr 40,000 pound they.
1744 mein chandos kii mrityu hoe gaee aur taba taka unakaa rinn itna badaa thaa kii unake uttaradhikariyon key paas 1747 kii vidhvans nilami mein ghar aur samagri koo bechane key alawa koee vikalp naheen thaa. vastukala bhawan key alankaran anya bhavya pariyojanaon koo betch diye gaye they. palladian stambh landan mein rashtriya gallery key portico kaa nirmaan karate hain.
1760 mein villium hallet dwara iss sthal parr ack adhik sadharan ghar banaaya gayaa thaa, jinhone cabinet banaane mein apane kaushal key madhyam seey dhana arjit kiya thaa. yeh swayam maalikon key ack uttaradhikar dwara badhaaya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey utkrisht racehorse "grahan" key dennis oh 'kellie malik. 1896 taka udyaan bhoomi koo bhawan bhukhand key roop mein becha jaanaa shuru hoe gayaa thaa. dunlop rubber key surr arther doo cross 1902 mein kirayedar bunn gaye aur 1911 mein ise khareed liya. unhone prasiddh kalaa aur shilp vastukar charles mailo koo 1905-1908 key beach imarat koo phir seey banaane aur badaa karane key liye lagaaya. vartamaan imarat kaa baahari hissa kaafee hudd taka unakaa kaam haye.
1929 mein yeh ghar uttari landan key mahavidyalayi vidyalaya dwara kharida gayaa thaa joe aaj bhee iss parr kabja curr rhaa haye. udyaanon kaa ack hissa landan baro off hairo kii dekhbhal mein cannon park key roop mein banaa huaa haye.
iss ghar kaa naam aadhunik sthaaniya jile, cannon park koo diyaa gayaa haye, joe kaafee hudd taka apane udyaan sthal parr banaaya gayaa haye aur ack samriddh uttari landan upnagar haye. isake badale mein iska naam jayanti line parr cannon park key bhoomigat station koo diyaa gayaa.
vastukala.
chandos ney thomas jheel dwara nirmit pahale seey maujood jacobian ghar kaa punarnirmaan kiya (maanaa jaataa haye kii ise johnn thorp dwara design kiya gayaa thaa). nae teen manjila ghar koo puuraa honey mein 10 saal lagey aur ise chaar nae pedimented agrabhag aur ack badey aantarik aangan key saath ack vargakar khand key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa.
duke ney 1713 mein villium talman key saath shuru honey vaale kaee vastukaron seey gujarna shuru kiya, jinhone baarah yojanaon kaa nirmaan kiya, lekin mukhya ghar parr koee bhee imarat shuru karane seey pahale 1714 mein unhein khariz curr diyaa gayaa. isake baad johnn james they jinhone uttar aur paschim shrinkhalaon koo design kiya (aur sthaaniya parrish church, sent laurence, whitcherch, ack barok interior key saath). surr johnn weinbrug kii salah parr duke ney 1715 mein james gibbs koo niyukt kiya. gibbs koo ack vastukar key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye joe ack barok muhaware mein kaam kartaa thaa lekin isamen palladian tatvon koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa. unhone chappel (29 agast 1720 koo pavitra) key saath-saath chaar nae agrabhagon key liye antim design taiyar kiye. andaruni design wanbrug kii manjuri key saath naheen mille jinhone tippani kii "front banaam.thheek haye... lekin ander kaa hissa kharaab aavishkaar kaa haye aur 1719 mein dibb koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. duke key sarvekshak johnn price aur baad mein edward shapered kii dekhrekh mein topon koo puuraa kiya gayaa thaa. usa samay key ack 1722 agantuk kaa ack samkaaleen vivaran kii parishkaran koo andaruni record mein chhuaa jaa rhaa thaah
duke kii lagaatar badalati drishti ney isamen paanch alag-alag vastukaron koo laaya aur halanki antim mahaan barok gharon mein seey ack tope ney bhee ingland mein palladianwad key vikas mein yogdan diyaa.
bageeche.
topon key maidan apani bhavyata key liye prasiddh they. vahaan ack anand udyaan thaa, ack bagicha aur ack vishal chhat thee jisamen soney kii moortiyaan theen.
chandos key ghar mein antarrashtriya prasiddhi kaa ack jall engineer thaa-unake paadari, rev johnn theophilus desagulaires, aff. aar. aiss.. jall suvidhaon koo puuraa karane key liye disaguliers ney vibhinn samagriyon aur boron key pipes kii ack pranali banaai. vaastav mein, vaha apane paadari varg mein apani ruchi kii tulanaa mein apani vaigyaanik visheshagyata key liye behtar jaanaa jaataa thaa. jall udyaan, jisamen ack mahaan besin, ack nahar aur kaee sajawati fawware shamil they, ney nicolaus hoxmoor koo tippani karane key liye prerit kiya "main tope key paani kaa malik naheen hoe sakata... yeh usa sthiti kii mukhya sundarta haye aur isaki keemat usey chukani padee.
topon key bageeche seey judey ack anya sangathan they richard bradley, joe ack bagwanivid they, joe cambridge vishvavidyalaya mein vanaspati vigyaan key pahale professor banane vaale they. bradley, jinhone duke koo ack bagwani pustak samarpit kii, ney udyaanon key liye paudhon kii aapoorti kii.
chandos ney apane mukhya maali tilleman bobart key saath milkar, topon mein parivartanon kaa nireekshan kiya, joe kii paridrishya bagwani kii adhik praakritik shally kii or athaarahavin shatabdi key andolan koo darshaata haye. mool udyaan kii kuchh visheshtaen jeevit hain, jinamen dou jheelen, besin jheel aur saat ekad kii jheel shamil hain. angreji viraasat mein aitihaasik udyaanon aur udyaanon key rashtriya register parr cannon park shamil haye.
kalaa aur sangeet.
topon key nirmaan seey pahale chandos ney chitron koo ikattha karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. neetherland key kalaa bajar mein achche sampark rakhane vaale chandos ney kabhi-kabhi apane agents key nirnay parr bharosa karate hue andekhi kritiyaan khareedin. sarvshreshth mahadvipiya kalaa praapt karane mein unhein jinn kathinaaiyon kaa saamana karna padaa, unamen seey ack yeh thee kii spanish uttaradhikar (1701-1714) kaa yuddh, joe unaki mahaan sampatti kaa ack pramukh kaarak thaa, ney bhee seedhe itali seey kalaa kaa ayaat karna adhik kathin banaa diyaa. phir bhee, unake italvi chitron key sangrah mein kuchh mahaan guru shamil they. chandos ney seedhe chitrakaron koo bhee niyukt kiya, udaaharan key liye, chitrakaar michael dahl, surr godfrey neller aur johnn vanderbank,
aur sajawati chitrakaar antonio beluchi, luis lagueray aur villium kent jinhone ghar key andaruni hisson parr kaam kiya. chandos murtikaaron key sanrakshak they joe gibbons aur johnn nast koo muskuraate they.
chandos ney ack sangeet pratishthaan banaae rakhaa; kuchh sangeetkaron koo gharelu sevakon key roop mein doguna kiya gayaa haye, lekin phir bhee, sangeet key maanak bahut uchch they. bees varshon taka sangeet nirdeshak german sangeetkaar johann christophe pepush they. unhone cannon chappel key liye church sangeet key kaee tukade likhe. 1720 mein dakshin samudra key bulbule mein parivaar key nuksan key jawab mein topon mein sangeet pratishthaan kaa aakar 1720 key dashak mein gir gayaa, joe ack vittiya durghatana thee joe 1720 mein hui thee.
topon seey judey abb taka key sabse prasiddh sangeetkaar george friederich handell hain. unhone burlington key teesare earl, richard boyley jaise raeeson key sanrakshan koo aakarshit kiya aur 1717 seey 1718 taka topon key nivasi sangeetkaar banane seey pahale way burlington house mein sthit they. yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii topon kii or kadam iss tathya seey sambandhit thaa kii 1717 mein central landan mein unaki sevaaon kii maang cumm hoe gaee thee kyonki operatic production mein girawat aaa rahee thee.
chandos koo italvi sangeet kaa swaad thaa aur 1719 mein landan mein handell kii opera company kaa sanrakshak bunn gayaa. topon mein, saath hii saath mahadvipiya sangeetkaron koo sangeetkaron key roop mein niyukt karate hue, unhone mahadvipiya vaadyayantrakaaron koo bhee niyukt kiya. doosari or, gaayak, uchch prashikshit aur mahange italvi joe landan opera drishya key sitaare they, key bajaay mukhya roop seey angreji they.
vidhvans aur failaav.
jaba dakshin samudra kaa bulbula futt gayaa aur unakaa vitt kabhi thheek naheen huaa tou bridge ney apane bhaagya kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa khou diyaa. pahale duke kii mrityu key baad, topon key kapade, isaki sabhi samagri aur harr sthirata aur fitting koo rinon koo puuraa karane key liye neelam kiya gayaa thaa. baarah dinon kii bikri 16 juuna 1747 koo shuru hui aur bikri soochi mein tyton, georgian, rafale aur gursino key kaam shamil they. sabse ullekhaniya chitron mein carvagio kaa "ack chhipakali dwara kaate gaye ladke" (soochi mein galat tareeke seey gursino key liye jimmedaar) thaa jise landan mein rashtriya gallery ney 1986 mein hassil kiya thaa, aur nicolaus possin kaa "hercule kii pasand" jise wiltshire mein unakaa ghar, heinry horey dwara storehead key liye bikri mein kharida gayaa thaa, jahaan yeh abhee bhee latka huaa haye. gibbons kii nakkashidar moortiyon kii "stephen kii pattharbaaji" abb victoria aur albert sangrahalaya mein haye, aur johnn vaine nast dwara george II kii honey kaa daavaa karane vaali ack moorti golden squire mein haye.
portico, railing aur kansya ballstrade key saath sangamarmar kii seedhiyon koo chesterfield key chauthe earl dwara unake nae landan ghar, chesterfield house, south audley street key liye kharida gayaa thaa, jise 1749 mein banaaya gayaa thaa, lekin topo kii tarah abb 1937 mein dhwast kiya gayaa thaa. see dwara model kii gaee ack aur moorti. lagbhag 1716 mein george aaee key johnn vaine noss dwara nirmit berchard koo leicester squire mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jahaan, baar-baar todfod key baad, 1872 mein ise hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.
baaki ghar aur samagri poore desh mein faili hui thee aur bahut kuchh khou gayaa haye, halanki kuchh mahatvapurna tatva abhee bhee dekhe jaa sakate hain, jisamen kolanade key ionic stambh shamil hain, jinhen kuchh srot abb landan mein rashtriya gallery key saamane rakhate hain. chappel key tatva, vishesh roop seey sebastiano rikki dwara design kii gaee aur kaanch key chitrakaar joshua dwara banaai gaee kaanch kii khidakiyon key saath-saath beluchi key chhat key chitron koo thomas, lord foley dwara kharida gayaa thaa aur sent michael key church mein james gibbs aur sabhi swargadooton, mahaan buddhi, versestershire dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. chappel kaa anga abraham jorden junier dwara banaaya gayaa thaa, jinhen apane pitaa key saath phoolane vaale dibbe key aavishkaar kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye. iss baat parr kuchh vivaad haye kii upkaran koo kahaan leey jaaya gayaa thaa, kyonki kuchh sroton kaa kahana haye kii yeh church mein badey vivek key saath anga key roop mein pahachaana jaa sakata haye, jabaki pavitra trimurti, gosport, kuchh pipework honey kaa daavaa karati haye. 
ack parampara haye kii trinity college, oxford key dwaar hataa diye gaye they, lekin yeh galat haye, kyonki college key dou gett topon key vidhvans seey pahale key hain aur achchi tarah seey pralekhit hain.
iss sampatti koo cabinet nirmaata villium hallet ney kharida thaa, jinhone 1760 mein usa sthal parr ack badaa vilaa banaaya thaa, jisamen aaj bhee uttari landan kaa mahavidyalayi vidyalaya haye, jahaan mool mandir kaa hissa abhee bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye, aur ise aadhunik vartani, cannon dwara jaanaa jaataa haye. hellet key vilaa kaa ullekh 1788 mein johnn bayang, 5vein wiscount torrington dwara topon kii tulanaa mein sthaan key liye adhik upayukt aakar key honey key roop mein kiya gayaa thaah "sthiti iss tarah key [poorv] pradarshan key liye landan key bahut karib haye; iss vartamaan vilaa key liye behtar anukool honey key kaaran, poorv vidhvans seey paida huaa.
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
ghar kii prasiddhi aisee thee kii duke koo sampatti mein aaney vaale badee sankhya mein agantukon kaa prabandhan karane key liye bheed niyantran upaayon koo lagu karna padaa-jisamen ack tarfa pranali bhee shamil thee. cannon koo shuruati yatra guides mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen daniel defoe dwara 1725 key yatra vrittaant bhee shamil thaa, jisamen unhone cannon key asadharan pradarshan kaa varnan iss prakaar kiya thaah 
kuchh saal baad alekjendar pope koo unaki kavita "swaad kii" (1731) mein vyangya karane vaali topon key roop mein dekhaa gayaa, joe "tyman" naamak ack kuleen key ghar kaa upahaas karati haye aur isamen panktiyaan shamil hainh
timon, chandos kii tarah, chitrakaar luis lagueray kaa sanrakshak haye aur apane chappel mein vistrit sangeet sunata haye. pope key chhantaai karane vaale chandos key vaahan key villium hogarth dwara ack caricature sahit pratikool tippani key baad, kavi ney duke seey maafi maangi, iss baat seey incar karate hue kii topon key saath kissy bhee tulanaa kaa irada thaa, lekin yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii pope kaa anuman thaa kii kuchh loga ack sambandh dekhenge. kuchh varshon key bheetar tulanaa kaa ack aur bindu saamane aaya thaa-pope ney timon key ghar key vidhvans kii bhavishyavani kii thee.

