khwarazm key muhammad dwiteeya

alaa-deen muhammad dwiteeya (faarsih علاء الدین محمد خرمشاہ; puuraa naam alaa-adha-dunya vaa adha-deen abul-fatah muhammad sanjar ibn tekish) 1200 seey 1220 taka khwarazmian samrajya key shaah they. unake poorvaj anustagin gharchai they, joe ack turkey gulam they, joe antatah khwarism naamak ack chhote seey praant key vaaysaraay bunn gaye. vaha shayed khwarazmian samrajya parr mangol vijay koo ukasaane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, jisake parinamswarup usake samrajya kaa poori tarah seey vinash huaa.
shasson karein.
unake pitaa tekish kii mrityu key baad, muhammad unake uttaradhikari baney. haalaanki, unake rajyarohan key turant baad, unake kshetron parr dou ghurid bhaaiyon giath all-deen gori aur muiz all-deen ney aakraman kiya. kuchh hii hafton mein, donon bhaaiyon ney apani senaaon koo paschim kii or khurasan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa thaa. ack baar jaba unhone nishapur parr kabja curr liya, tou muiz all-deen koo ray kii or ack abhiyaan parr bheja gayaa, lekin usane apane sainikon koo niyantran seey baahar honey diyaa aur gurgan seey thodaa aage badh gayaa, jisaki giath seey aalochana hui, jisake kaaran bhaaiyon key beach ekmatra kathit jhagada huaa.
maheenon kii bimari key baad 1203 mein ghiyath kii mrityu herat mein hui. muhammad dwiteeya ney iss avsar kaa upayog ghurid samrajya key kshetron parr aakraman karane key liye kiya, aur herat koo gher liya. haalaanki, muiz usey viraasat seey khadedne mein kamyab rhaa aur phir usaki rajdhani gurganj koo gherate hue uska khawarezm taka peechha kiya. muhammad ney kaaraa-khitan khaanate seey sahaayata kaa anurodh kiya, jisane muhammad kii sahaayata key liye ack senaa bheji. muiz, kaaraa-khitaanon key dabaav key kaaran, gherabandi koo door karane aur peechhe hatane key liye majboor thaa. haalaanki, ghur mein apane kshetra kii or jaate samay, vaha 1204 mein andkhud kii ladaai mein haar gayaa thaa. baad mein 1206 mein muiz all-deen kii hatyaa curr dee gaee, jisase ghurid samrajya grih yuddh mein funce gayaa. grihyuddh key dauran, giath all-deen mahmoud vijayi honey mein kamyab rahey.
haalaanki, ghiyath key turkey senapati taaj all-deen yildiz ney bamian key ghurid shasakon seey gajani koo jabt curr liya, lekin jald hii ghiyath key adhikaar koo maanyata dey dee. giath, gajani koo niyantrit karane vaale tajuddin seey khush naheen thaa, aur usane guda koo asurakshit chhodane kii himmat naheen kii, usane muhammad dwiteeya seey madad kaa anurodh kiya. haalaanki, muhammad ney isake bajaay giath key kshetron parr aakraman kiya, balakh aur tirmidh parr kabja curr liya. haalaanki, apane aakraman key dauran unhein kaaraa-khitan khaanate ney pakad liya thaa. terah maheene baad, muhammad koo kaid seey mukt curr diyaa gayaa, aur ack baar phir ghiyath key kshetron parr aakraman kiya, aur viraasat parr kabja curr liya. muhammad ney phir ghur key ghur hriday bhoomi parr aakraman kiya aur giath parr kabja curr liya. giath taba muhammad key adhikaar koo maanyata dene key liye sahmat hoe gayaa.
muhammad dwiteeya ney 1207 mein samarkand parr kabja curr liya, 1210 mein bawanadi seey tabristan aur paschimi karakhanid seey transoxiana seey. unhone vistaarvaadi neeti kaa anusaran kiya aur paschimi karakhanid aur makran aur baluchistan key kshetron seey tashkand aur fargana parr vijay praapt kii aur 1211 mein azerbaijan key atabegh unake jagirdar bunn gaye. unhone antatah 1212 mein paschimi karakhanid aur 1215 mein ghurid koo unake shesh kshetron key saath jodkar nasht curr diyaa. 1212 key dauran samarkand shahar ney vidroh kiya aur vahaan rahane vaale 1,000 khwarezmiyanon koo maar daala. muhammad ney jawabi kaarravaai mein shahar koo loot liya aur samarkand key 10,000 nagrikon koo maar daala.
1217 taka, unhone juxartes nadee seey laker faras kii khaadi taka sabhi bhoomi parr vijay praapt curr lii thee. unhone khud koo shaah ghoshit kiya aur baghdad mein khalifa seey aupchaarik maanyata kii maang kii. jaba khalifa aine-nasir ney unake daave koo khariz curr diyaa, tou alaa-deen muhammad ney ack senaa ikattha kii aur aine-nasir koo apadasth karane key liye baghdad kii or cooch kiya. haalaanki, jaba zagros pahaadon koo paar karate samay, shaah kii senaa ack barfeele toofaan mein funce gaee. hajaaron yoddha maare gaye. senaa key nasht honey key baad, senapatiyon key paas ghar lautane key alawa koee vikalp naheen thaa.
gir jaataa haye.
1218 mein mangolon kii ack chhoti tukadi ney ack bhaage hue dushman general kaa peechha karane key liye seema paar kii. usey safaltapurvak baramad karane parr, changej khaan ney shaah seey sampark kiya. haal hii mein chean key dou-tihai hisse parr vijay praapt karane key baad, changej vyaparik sambandh kholane kii koshish curr rahey they, lekin mangolon kii atiranjit reports koo sunane key baad, shaah kaa maanana thaa kii yeh ishara kewal "apani" bhoomi parr aakraman karane kii ack chaal thee. change ney ack vyaapaar maarg kii apani ummeed parr jore dene key liye khwarezm koo doot bheje (report alag-alag hain-ack mein 100 muslim vyapariyon key ack samooh kaa ullekh haye jisamen ack mangol unakaa netritva curr rhaa haye, anya 450 kaa kahana haye). shaah ney badale mein apane rajyapalon mein seey ack (inalchuk, usake chaacha) parr party parr khule taur parr jasusi kaa aarop lagaaya, unakaa samriddh saman jabt curr liya gayaa aur party koo giraftar curr liya gayaa. 
kootneeti banaae rakhane kii koshish mein, changej ney teen logon key ack doot koo shaah key paas bheja, taaki unhein rajyapal key karyon key baare mein sabhi jaankaari koo aswikar karane aur sajaa key liye mangolon koo saunpane kaa mauka diyaa jaa sakey. shaah ney doot koo maar daala (phir seey, kuchh sroton kaa daavaa haye kii ack vyakti koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa, kuchh kaa daavaa haye kii teenon koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa), aur phir turant mangol vyaapaari dall (muslim aur mangol samaan roop seey) koo maar daala aur unakaa saman jabt curr liya. inn ghatnaaon key kaaran change ney 100,000 seey 150,000 sainikon kii senaa key saath jawabi kaarravaai kii, jinhone 1219 mein juxart koo paar kiya aur samarkand, bukhara, otrar aur anya shaharon koo loot liya. isake turant baad muhammad kii rajdhani, tatkaal, aaee.
mrityu.
alaa adha-deen muhammad bhaag gaye aur poore khurasan mein sharan lii, aur baad mein kuchh hafton baad abascun key bandargah key paas caspian samudra mein ack dweep parr pleuricy seey unaki mrityu hoe gaee.

