
baink lyu

baink lyu egg (khilauna mein "loy" key roop mein uchchaaran) ack swiss niji baink thaa joe 1755 seey 2007 taka astitva mein thaa. iska mukhyalaya zurich mein thaa, yeh 1990 seey credit suis kii sahayak company thee. 2007 mein, ise clariden lyu key roop mein usa company kii anya niji banking ikaaiyon key saath vilay curr diyaa gayaa thaa. usa samay, yeh switzerland kaa sabse purana baink thaa.
baink kii sthaapana 1758 mein lyu aitt compagny key roop mein kii gaee thee, jiska naam isake sansthaapak, johann jacob lyu key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, joe baad mein zurich key mahapour baney. mool roop seey ack raajya key swaamitva vaalaa baink, 1798 mein napolean dwara switzerland parr vijay praapt karane key baad iska nijikaran kiya gayaa thaa; baink key adhikaari naheen chaahte they kii isaki sampatti koo napolean key nae graahak raajya, helvatic ganarajya dwara leey liya jaae. 1854 mein, ise lyu aind koo key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa. ack sadee seey adhik samay key baad ack seemit saajhedaari key roop mein. yeh 1969 mein ack saarvajanik limitted company () bunn gaee.
varshon seey kaee pratishthit graahak honey key bavjood (ack samay parr, yeh maria theresa kaa banker thaa), 1980 key dashak mein dou pramukh ghotalon ney antatah baink koo apani swatantrata kii keemat chukai.
yuu.aiss. andaruni vyaapaar ghotala.
baink lyu kii bahamian sahayak company, baink lyu international, kaa upayog dennis levin dwara apane adhikansh andaruni vyaapaar koo sambhaalane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. 1981 seey 1986 taka, levin ney ack nivesh banker key roop mein apane kaam key aadhar parr praapt jaankaari key aadhar parr apana khaata 10 million americi dollar seey adhik kaa banaa liya.
levin ney apani gatividhiyon koo chhipaane key liye bahama key sakht baink gopaniyata kaanoonon (joe graahak key banking sambandh key baare mein kissy bhee jaankaari key prakateekaran koo pratibandhit karate hain) kaa laabh uthaaya. baink lyu mein gopaniyata kii ack lambi parampara thee, aur isaki bahamian shakha kissy seey bhee jamaa sweekaar karane key liye pratishthit thee, koee sawal naheen poochha gayaa.
haalaanki, levin key liye agyaat, nassaau mein unake khaata prabandhak aur kaee baink karmchaariyon (baink key prabandhak sahit) ney levin kii jaankaari seey apana laabh kamaane key liye unake kaee vyaparon kii nakal kii. yeh pratha, jise "piggybacking" kahaa jaataa haye, apane aap mein aur taba taka avaidh naheen thee jaba taka kii piggybacker koo pataa naa hoe yaa usake paas yeh jaanane kaa kaaran naa hoe kii vaha vyaapaari joe coppy curr rhaa haye vaha avaidh roop seey praapt jaankaari parr kaam curr rhaa haye. halanki, baink lyu key adhikaariyon koo pataa thaa kii levin key apana khaata kholane key turant baad vaha lagbhag poori tarah seey andaruni jaankaari parr karobar curr rhaa thaa. isake binaa bhee, yeh pratha baink lyu neeti key vipareet thee. apane piggybacking key parinamswarup, baink lyu key karmchaariyon ney levin key vyaapaar seey apane swayam key ack achchha laabh kamaaya.
adhik gambhirta seey, baink lyu ney caracas mein maryl linch key karyalaya mein ack dalal key madhyam seey badee sankhya mein vyaapaar kaa sanchaalan kiya. unhone khud apane laabh key liye vyaapaar kaa samarthan kiya, aur matra ney unake ack sahakarmi koo sandigdh banaa diyaa. sahakarmi ney maryl linch kii anupaalan ikai koo ack patra likhaa, jisaki aantarik jaanch seey baink lyu huaa. durbhagya seey, dalal iss samay taka ack aur company mein chalaa gayaa thaa, aur maryl linch key liye apatatiya ghoonghat koo chhedane kaa koee tarika naheen thaa. iss prakaar mamla pratibhootiyon aur vinimay aayog koo saunp diyaa gayaa.
baink adhikaariyon ney sujhaav diyaa kii levin vyaapaar koo sahee thaharaane key liye karanon key saath aae. haalaanki, unhone levin kii gatividhi seey sambandhit kaee dastavejon koo jaali yaa nasht curr diyaa-iss prakaar unhein nyaay mein baadha daalane key aaropon key liye khol diyaa. unaki kahani taba alag hoe gaee jaba prasiddh vakeel harvey pitt, jinhen baink ney barkarar rakhaa thaa, ney baink key prabandhit khaaton key vaastavik vivaranon aur sarvavyaapi record key beach ack badaa antar dekhaa. usa samay, baink ney seik key saath sahyog karane kaa faisala kiya.
bahamian attorney general paul ney ack raay jaari kii kii stock vyaapaar samanya banking lenden seey alag thaa, aur iss prakaar baink gopaniyata kaanoonon key adheen naheen thaa. iss prakaar baink levin key naam kaa khulasa karane key liye swatantra thaa, aur usey jald hii giraftar curr liya gayaa.
baink key sahyog key bavjood, bahamian niyamakon ney zurich mein corporate mukhyalaya koo bahamian shakha key poore board koo baahar nikaalane key liye majboor kiya, kyonki unhein bahamas mein vyavasaay mein rahane kii anumati dee gaee thee.
aasavan company saude mein bhagidari.
1986 mein, gineej plc bahut badee aasavan company key liye bolly yuddh key beach mein thaa. samaapan charanon mein, gineej stock mein 25 pratishat kii vriddhi hui-joe asamanya thaa, kyonki adhigrahan karane vaali company kaa stock aamtaur parr adhigrahan kii sthiti mein aataa haye. gineej ney kaee logon aur sansthanon koo bhugtan kiya, vishesh roop seey americi arbitrager ivan boski ney lagbhag $38 million americi dollar kaa gineej stock khareedane key liye diyaa. iska prabhaav aasavan yantron key liye isake prastaav key moolya koo badhaana thaa, jinake prabandhan ney ginness key saath vilay karane kaa paksh liya.
jaanch key dauran, yeh saamane aaya kii baink lyu aadhi khareed mein shamil thaa. gineej key dou nideshakon ney under-dha-table samjhauton parr hastakshar kiye, jisamen jug aur lucern mein baink lyu kii sahayak companiyon ney 41 million gineej share khareede. gineej ney gupt roop seey commission sahit laagat parr sheyaron koo bhunaane kaa vaadaa kiya. saudebaji key anta koo puuraa karane key liye, gineej ney baink lyu kii luxemberg sahayak company key saath $76 million jamaa kiye.
credit suis key saath vilay.
dou pramukh vittiya ghotalon mein baink lyu kii bhagidari seey isaki pratishtha koo gambhir roop seey nuksan pahuncha aur sitambar 1990 mein, yeh credit suis key saath vilay karane key liye sahmat hoe gayaa. vilay bund honey key turant baad, yeh pataa chalaa kii isake deya bendorff karyalaya key credit adhikaari ney vaidh grahakon key naam parr nakali rinn diye, aur phir aaya koo "zurich vittiya underworld" key saath saajha kiya."iss yojana kii laagat baink liu parr anumaanit 63 million see. aich. aff. aiss. (lagbhag 50 million yuu. aiss. dee.) haye.
baink lyu koo 1997 mein ack "swatantra niji baink" key roop mein punargathit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen zurich mein apane shakha network key saath-saath credit suis key saath apane corporate banking vyavasaay koo ekikrit kiya gayaa thaa. 2007 mein, yeh credit suis fids aur credit suis key anya teen niji bainkon-clariden, baink hoffman aur bainka dee gastione patrimonial-key saath vilay hoe gayaa. baink lyu aeye. jee. niji nivesh mein chalaa gayaa.

