
cartagena, spen

cartagena () ack spanish shahar haye aur bhoomadhyasagariya tata, dakshin-purvi iberia parr ack pramukh nausena station haye. janwari 2018 taka, isaki aabaadi 218,943 nivaasiyon kii haye. yeh cartagena koo muercia kshetra kii doosari sabse badee nagarpalika aur spen kaa chhathaa sabse badaa shahar banaata haye joe ack praantiya-rajdhani naheen haye. cartagena key vyaapak shahari yaa mahanagariya kshetra, jise "campo dee cartagena" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, kii aabaadi 409,586 haye.
cartagena mein dou sahasraabdiyon seey adhik samay seey nivaas kiya gayaa haye, jisaki sthaapana lagbhag 227 eesaa poorv mein carthagenian hasdrubal dwara "cart hadash" (; jiska arth haye "nayaa shahar") key roop mein kii gaee thee, joe carthage key mool shahar key samaan naam haye. roman samrajya key dauran shahar kaa apana parakashtha thaa, jaba ise carthago nova (nayaa carthage) aur carthago sparteria key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, joe carthogenances praant kii rajdhani thee.
cartagena kaa adhikansh aitihaasik mahatva isake pratishthit rakshaatmak bandargah seey utpann huaa, joe paschimi bhoomadhyasagariya kshetra mein sabse mahatvapurna bandargaahon mein seey ack haye. 18veen shatabdi mein spanish borbans key aagaman key baad seey cartagena spanish nausena key bhoomadhyasagariya samudri vibhaag kii rajdhani rahee haye. 16veen shatabdi taka yeh spen key sabse mahatvapurna nausainik bandargaahon mein seey ack thaa, saath hii uttar mein ferroll bhee thaa. yeh abhee bhee ack mahatvapurna nausainik bandargah haye, spen kaa mukhya sainya aashray, aur ack badey nausainik shipyard kaa ghar haye.
sthaaniya khanan udyog key uday key saath sabhyataon key saath-saath isake ranneetik bandargah kaa sangam ack anoothi kalaatmak viraasat seey prakat hotaa haye, jisamen roman rangmanch jaise kaee sthal hain, joe marida mein ack key baad iberian praaydweep kaa doosara sabse badaa sthal haye, fenician, roman, byzantine aur moorish avasheshon kii prachurta haye, aur 20 veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey burjua varg key parinamswarup kalaa nauve bhavanon kii ack bharmar haye. cartagena abb bhoomadhyasagariya kshetra mein ack pramukh cruze jahaaj gantavya aur ack ubharate hue saanskritik kendra key roop mein sthaapit haye.
yeh una kaee shaharon mein seey pahala thaa jinhen cartagena naam diyaa gayaa haye, vishesh roop seey cartagena, columbia.
bhugol aur jalavaayu.
bhugol aur raahat.
cartagena shahar spen key dakshinpurvi kshetra mein campo dee cartagena mein sthit haye.
cartagena kshetra koo aine. doubleu.-seey kii disha mein thodaa jhukaa huaa ack badaa maidan key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata haye, joe uttar aur uttar-paschim mein poorv-tateey parvat shrinkhalaon (carascoy, ell puerto, loss villares, columbers aur escalona) seey ghiraa huaa haye, aur dakshin aur dakshin-paschim mein tateey parvat shrinkhalaon (ell algarobo, laa muella, pelayo, gorda, laa fausila vaaee minra, cape palos mein apane antim spurse key saath).
iss kshetra kaa pramukh bhoovigyaan rupaantarit (slate, sangamarmar) aur talchhati (choona patthar) haye. sabse vyaapak roop seey maujood mitty calcic gerosol haye. nagarpalika mein paaee jaane vaali anya mitty leptosol haye, joe bhoomadhyasagariya tata kaa nirmaan karati haye, aur petrocalsic gerosol haye.
yeh shahar nae aeye. pee.-7 motorway key anta mein sthit haye. nimnalikhit gaanv cartagena nagarpalika kaa hissa hainh laa ajohiya, isla plana, loss urutias aur loss nitos.
rome key udaaharan key baad purana shahar paanch chhoti pahaadiyon (molinette, monte sacro, monte dee saine jose, despenperos aur monte dee laa concepian) dwara seemit haye. ateet mein, pahaadiyon key beach ack aantarik samudra thaa jise estero kahaa jaataa thaa joe antatah sookh jaataa thaa. iss sthal parr, "ensanch" (vistaar yaa nayaa shahar) 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein banaaya gayaa thaa.
shahari kshetra pariseemit haye yaa kaee jalmaargon dwara paar kiya gayaa haye, jinamen seey kuchh apane pathyakramon key ack badey hisse key dauran shahari network mein gaharaai seey jaate hain.
jalavaayu.
cartagena mein germ ardh-shushk jalavaayu hoti haye. samudra key paas iska sthaan tapman koo madhyam kartaa haye, aur vaarshik varsha aamtaur parr isase adhik naheen hoti haye.
vaarshik ausat tapman lagbhag badh jaataa haye. sabse thandaa maheena janwari haye, jiska ausat tapman janwari haye. agast mein, sabse germ maheena, ausat tapman hotaa haye. iss kshetra mein havaa ack mahatvapurna jalavaayu kaarak haye.
maanav bhugol.
nagarpalika mein 24 jile hain, jinhen "dwi-paadap" (parishad) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. iss prashaasnik sanrachana kii utpatti kii tarikh 18veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein haye jaba aabaadi badh rahee thee aur nagarpalika cumm yatayat yogya hoti jaa rahee thee. yeye jile hainh
paryaavaran.
sadiyon seey iss kshetra mein gahan khanan, paryatak aur audyogik shoshan key bavjood, cartagena shahar key aspas kaa kshetra ack asadharan praakritik dhana aur vividhata kii mejbani kartaa haye, jisamen badee sankhya mein vanaspati sthaanik prajaatiyan hain. isake kshetra kaa ack hissa kanuni sanrakshan key vibhinn staron key adheen haye.
vanaspati.
cartagena key tateey pahaadon mein iberian praaydweep parr vanaspati jaiv vividhata kaa uchchatam star haye. kaee aashcharyajanak ibero-african prajaatiyan, joe kewal dakshini spen (jyaadaatar mursia aur almeria key praanton mein) aur uttari africa mein paaee jaati hain. inmein seey, morakko, algeria, tunisia, malta aur cartagena key mool nivasi "tetraclinis articulata" yaa "sandrack" (spanish mein sabina morah oh cipress dee cartagena-"cartagena kaa cyprus") hain, joe ack germ, sookhe bhoomadhyasagariya jangal mein apekshaakrit cumm oonchaai parr badhate hain. kuchh prajaatiyan gambhir roop seey luptapray hain jaise kii simpreviva dee cartagena (limonium carthogeness), (cideritis marmironensis), zaamaarila dee cartagena (tucrium carthogeness), mainazaanila dee ascombreras (anthemis chrysantha), garbancillo dee tolent (astraglus nitidefluorus) aur jaaraa dee cartagena cystus heterophilus carthogenesis).
jeev-jantu.
pashu prajaatiyon mein kuchh khatare mein yaa luptapray shamil hain jaise peregreen baaz, eurasian eagle-pannu, golden eagle aur bonnelli kaa eagle, spur-thoogh kachhua, grater horseshoe bait aur, vishesh roop seey, spanish toothcarp, dakshin-purvi spen kii ack sthaanik machhali. isake alawa, aam girgit (europe mein ekmatra girgit) kii upasthiti lagbhag 30 varshon seey pralekhit kii gaee haye, halanki yeh spasht naheen haye kii yeh mool haye yaa pesh kiya gayaa haye. kuchh anya prajaatiyon mein badey flamingo, laal lomdi, europeeya khargosh, europeeya baijar, beach marten, samanya vanshavali, jangli billi aur jangli suar shamil hain.
itihas.
pragaitihasik.
cueva victoria 1,300,000 gufa mein kaee saal pahale "homo" vansh seey sambandhit vyaktiyon kii upasthiti kaa ullekh haye. yeh gufa cartagena key dakshin-purvi hisse mein sthit haye.
mosterian sanskriti key neanderthal vyaktiyon key avashesh loss avions kii gufa mein paae gaye they. yeh sthaan cartagena key karib sthit haye. gufa cueva barmeja mein mausterian sanskriti seey sambandhit neanderthal key avashesh bhee they, joe nagarpalika key dakshin-paschimi hisse mein sthit haye.
nagarpalika key dakshin-poorv koney mein oopari purapashan kaal key manushyon key avasheshon kii khoj kii gaee thee. jeevaashm vigyaan sthal abrigo dee loss dentols cove, cueva dee loss magillones gufa aur cabezo dee saine ginny (pahaadi) hain. nagarpalika key paschim mein bhee usa avadhi mein maanav gatividhi kaa drishya thaa. isake thhos pramaan cueva dell cabello aur cueva barmeja gufaayen hain.
madhyapashan kaal key dauran cartagena key dakshin-poorv chhor parr phir seey nivaas kiya gayaa thaa. mahatvapurna sthaan cueva dee loss pageros aur cueva dee loss magillones (gufaayen) hain. syremic avashesh jaise navpashan ghatak sthit they.
navpashan kaal key dauran cartagena key dakshin-poorv mein phir seey nivaas kiya gayaa thaa. sthal laas amoladera aur calblanc hain. usa avadhi key dauran alumbress jile key dakshin mein bhee aabaadi thee. puraataatvik sthal sero dell gorguel pahaadi mein sthit haye aur isamen ack vishisht navpashan basti kii khoj kii gaee thee.
navpashan kaal key dauran iss nagarpalika mein maanav upasthiti aur sanrachanaon kii kamee key kaaran varsha kii kamee aur paani key bistaron kii anupasthiti thee. kansya yug key dauran bhee aisee hii sthiti thee.
kansya yug key dauran argaric sabhyata ney iberian praaydweep (reejan dee mursia aur almeria) key dakshin-poorv mein nivaas kiya. phir bhee, unhone iss nagarpalika parr mahatvapurna roop seey kabja naheen kiya, unase sambandhit kuchh sanrachanaaen theen aur unaki yahaan bahut cumm prasangikta thee. way uttar-paschim mein rahate they.
pracheen itihas.
shahar kaa mool naam mastiya thaa. paschimi bhoomadhyasagariya mein sabse achche bandargaahon mein seey ack key saath, ise carthagenian general haisdrubal dwara 228 eesaa poorv mein "cart hadash" ("nayaa shahar") key roop mein phir seey sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, joe carthage key samaan naam thaa, spen kii vijay key liye ack kadam-bund bindu key roop mein kaary karane key uddeshya seey. roman general sipiyo africanus ney 209 eesaa poorv mein ise jeet liya aur ise maatri shahar seey alag karane key liye iska naam badalkar carthago nova (shaabdik roop seey "nayaa" nayaa shahar ") curr diyaa. yeh ack sahayak samudaay ("nagrik stambh") bunn gayaa. julius seasure ney shahar koo lattin adhikaar diye, aur octavian ney apane sammaan mein iska naam badalkar coloney "colonia victoria yulia nova carthago" yaa "colonia worbs yulia nova carthago" (see. vee. aaee. aine. see.) srot key aadhar parr. yeh shahar carthagenian aur roman donon mein bahut praasangik thaa joe kii iberian praaydweep parr vijay praapt curr chuka thaa. 298 esvi mein, diocletian ney hyspania mein carthogenesis naamak ack nae roman praant kaa gathan kiya aur iss shahar mein rajdhani basai. yeh taba taka mahatvapurna rhaa jaba taka kii ise 435 esvi mein upadraviyon dwara barkhast naheen kiya gayaa.
roman kaal key dauran, yeh pramukh chaandi kii khaanon kaa sthal thaa, jisase 25,000 drakme kaa dainik rajaswa praapt hotaa thaa. yeh garam, ack kinvit machhali kii chutney key utpaadan key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa, aur esparto ghaas key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa jisane ise ack nayaa naam, "cartago sparteria" diyaa.
madhya yug.
paschimi roman samprabhuta key patan aur patan key kaaran cartago sparteria kaa patan huaa. ise lagaatar vidhvansak (409-425), visigoth (425-551 aur 624-714) aur purvi roman (551-624) dwara kabja curr liya gayaa thaa, jinhone ise spania (byzantine samrajya kaa sabse paschimi praant) kii rajdhani banaa diyaa thaa. cartagena koo visigoth dwara phir seey jeet liya gayaa thaa, jinhone ise 714 esvi mein muslim vijay taka rakhaa thaa. usa samay taka yeh mushkil seey ack machhali pakadane vaalaa gaanv thaa. ise qartayannat-all-haaf kahaa jaataa thaa. baad mein iss parr umayyad (714-756), cordova kaa khaleefaa (756-1031), dania kaa taaifaa (1031-1076), saragosa kaa taaifaa (1076-1081), tortosa kaa taaifaa (1081-1092), almoravids (1092-1145), almohad (1145-1229) aur murasiya kaa taaifaa (1229-1245) dwara shasson kiya gayaa thaa. 1243 kii alkazaz sandhi kaa paalan karane seey sthaaniya incar key baad, castile key infent alphonso key netritva mein ack castillion senaa ney 1245 mein bhoomi balon aur ack cantabrian bede key sanyojan key sainya abhiyaan key madhyam seey bull dwara cartagena koo leey liya. 1246 mein cordoba key baad ise ack "furo" kii nakal dee gaee thee. isi tarah anya adheenasth vidrohi shaharon key samaan, yeh jaldi hii castillionkaran kii ack aakramak prakriya seey gujra. cartagena kaa bishap banaaya gayaa thaa. 1270 mein, alphonso ney castile key mukut kii nausena raksha key liye saanta maria dee espana kaa adesh banaaya aur cartagena mein apana mukhyalaya sthaapit kiya. 1296 mein, cartagena koo kuchh samay key liye aragon key mukut seey jodd diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin 1305 mein alax kii sandhi dwara castile mein laut aaya, jisane valencia aur mursia key raajyon key beach antim seema taya kii. cartagena ney taba shaahi demsney key roop mein apani sthiti khou dee aur ack seagnurial kshetradhikar bunn gayaa, ack aisee sthiti joe 1346 taka chully. cartagena 18 veen shatabdi taka poori tarah seey thheek naheen huaa, jaba yeh bhoomadhya sagar mein ack pramukh nausainik bandargah bunn gayaa.
aadhunik itihas.
3 sitambar 1643 koo, cartagena kii ladaai ack spanish bede aur ack francisi bede key beach kaabo dee gaata key paas hui.
1728 mein, cartagena spanish nausena key bhoomadhyasagariya samudri vibhaag kii rajdhani bunn gaee aur shahar koo ack poorv moorish kasba, kaee bairak aur ack vishal shastragar key sthaan parr ack aadhunik mahal key nirmaan key saath bhaari roop seey majboot kiya gayaa thaa. apekshaakrit cumm samay mein, shahar kii aabaadi lagbhag 10,000 seey badhkar 50,000 nivaasiyon taka pahunch gaee.
1757 mein, saat saal key yuddh key dauran, ack francisi nausena bull koo bandargah mein sharan lene key liye majboor honah padaa. unhein majboot karane key liye bheje gaye dukewessne key tahat ack squadron parr cartagena kii ladaai mein heinry osborne key tahat ack british squadron dwara hamla kiya gayaa aur usey haraaya gayaa.
1873 mein, shahar ney cartagena kii ack swa-shaasit chhaavani kii sthaapana kii aur chhaavani kranti kaa kendra bunn gayaa. sarkari balon ney aatmasamarpan karane taka kaee maheenon taka shahar koo gher liya.
spanish grihyuddh (1936-1939) key dauran, cartagena spanish ganarajya kii nausena kaa mukhya aadhar thaa aur ganarajya sarkaar key praathamik gadhon mein seey ack thaa. yeh spen key kissy bhee anya shahar kii tulanaa mein general francisco franco kii senaaon key khilaf lambe samay taka khadaa rhaa, joe aatmasamarpan karane vaale apane shaharon mein seey antim thaa. shahar ney 1950 key dashak key dauran apani audyogik gatividhi mein vriddhi dekhi, jisake parinamswarup adhik samriddhi hui aur yeh pravritti 1980 key dashak key anta aur 1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein poore europe mein vinirmaan mein samanya girawat taka jaari rahee.
upasthit hain.
iss samay, cartagena mein mursia kshetra key swaayatt samudaay kaa hissa shamil haye, aur yeh mursia kii kshetriya sabhaa kii seat haye. yeh cartagena key samudri praant kii rajdhani bhee haye, jise phillip III key shasankal key tahat 5 octuber 1607 key shaahi farman dwara pradaan kiya gayaa thaa.
jansankhyiki.
nagarpalika janganana key anusaar, janwari 2011 taka, cartagena mein 218,210 nivasi hain, joe jansankhya key mamle mein spen mein 24vein sthaan parr hain (aur gair-rajdhaniyon mein 6vein sthaan parr hain). shahari kshetra mein 182,021 loga rahate hain aur kaee upgrah quarters mein 39,840 loga rahate hain. aadhikarik jansankhya aankadon key anusaar, nagarpalika kii aabaadi key 14.73% kii videshi rashtriyata thee.
isake mahanagariya kshetra, jisamen laa union, fuente alamo dee mursia, loss alkazares, saine javier, torre pacheko, saine pedro dell pinatar aur mazaran kii nagarpaalikaaen shamil hain, mein kull 390,983 nivasi hain.
arthavyavastha.
oorjaa seey sambandhit arthavyavastha gatividhiyaan nagarpalika mein mukhya hain. way well dee ascombreras mein sthit hain. yeh sthaan, joe ack ghaati haye, ascombreras naamak ack jile mein sthit haye joe nagarpalika key dakshin mein sthit haye aur isake paschim mein mukhya ilaake seey 5-10 kimmy door haye. krishi cartagena mein ack aur ullekhaniya gatividhi haye aur 2017 mein iss kshetra mein fasal bhoomi shamil thee. sabse vyaapak roop seey ugaaye jaane vaale utpaad tarbooj, salad, aaloo, nimbu aur badam hain. 52.77 pratishat samjhaute iss kshetra mein hue aur 2012 mein% shramikon koo majdooron key roop mein kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. jahaaj nirmaan kaa vajan kuchh shataabdiyon pahale kii tulanaa mein cumm haye, lekin yeh abhee bhee madhyam roop seey mahatvapurna haye. yeh nagar palika key mukhya ilaake cartagena key bandargah mein kiya jaataa haye. plastic utpaadan bhee kiya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey kshetra key uttar-paschim mein. pichhale dashakon key dauran tritiyak kshetra mein vriddhi hui haye, vishesh roop seey paryatan aur hotal udyog. 2012 mein nagarpalika mein 14,12% samjhauton kaa uddeshya vetaron koo lakshit karna thaa.
sarkaar aur prashaasan.
spen mein aam taur parr, nagarpalikaon key rajyapalon kaa chunaav apratyaksh roop seey harr chaar saal mein nagarpalika aur kshetriya chunaavon key dinn kiya jaataa haye. dee 'hondt pranali kaa upayog rajyapalon koo maton seey aavantit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. sabhi nirvaachit parshadon key nikaay kaa naam "plano" haye aur cartagena mein 27 sadasya hain. mukhya rajyapal kaa naam "alcalde" (streeling, "alcaldesa") haye. choonki cartagena mein 5,000 seey adhik loga rahate hain, isaliye ack "junta dee gobierno lokal" bhee haye, sadasyon kaa chayan "plano" seey "alcauld" dwara kiya jaataa haye. vartamaan mein, shaasi mantrimandal mein 9 sadasya hain. mantrimandal key chaar sadasya partido lokpriya party seey sambandhit hain, ack siudadanos seey aur chaar gair-pakshapaatpurna rajneta bhee hain, jinamen "alcaldesa" bhee shamil haye, joe sou (partido socialista obrero aspenol) party seey sambandhit they, lekin unhein party seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa thaa kyonki unhone "plano" kii rachana karane key liye partido lokpriya party aur siudadanos key saath ack samjhauta kiya thaa.
kuchh ilaakon aur jilon mein "juntas vasinales" naamak samitiyaan bhee hain. prashaasnik kendra una nivaasiyon key liye bhee upalabdh hain joe mukhya shahar mein naheen rahate hain aur way vahaan kuchh prashaasnik prakriyaaen curr sakate hain. way kuchh jilon aur ilaakon mein sthit hain aur unakaa naam "omita" haye.
mukhya darshaniya sthal.
bhoomadhya sagar parr apani ranneetik sthiti key kaaran, cartagena mein kaee alag-alag sanskritiyaan nivaas karati hain, jinhone ack gauravshali aur ashant itihas key dauran apani samriddh saanskritik viraasat parr apani chhaap chhodi haye.
cartagena, sanskritiyon kaa bandargah" pahal agantukon koo vibhinn gatividhiyon aur yaatraon kaa anand lene, shahar key saanskritik dhana aur samriddh itihas kii khoj karane kii anumati dene key liye banaai gaee thee. yeh iss sambhaavit pramukh saanskritik gantavya kii paryatak sambhaavanaon koo sakriya karane key liye kaee pariyojanaon mein seey ack haye, jise kaee avkash resorts kii nikatata key kaaran, aur refinery aur anya audyogik vikas key kaaran, aksar saamoohik-paryatan dwara upekshit kiya jaataa haye, jisane pradooshan key kaaran shahar koo kharaab pratishtha dee; yeye antim abb saubhagya seey samaapt hoe gaye hain.
puraataatvik sthal.
halanki carthagenian kaal key kuchh khandahar hain, jaise kii punic prachir key avashesh (shahar kii neenv key saath 227 eesaa poorv mein nirmit), isake adhikansh sabse puraane smaarak roman samrajya key samay key hain jaba cartagena falaa-phoola thaa.
puraatatvavid blanca ronaldon ney iss punic rampart aur anya punic avasheshon kaa adhyayan kiya, vishesh roop seey molinette pahaadi parr. isake kaee roman avasheshon mein, carthago nova kaa haal hii mein punarsthaapit roman theatre pramukh haye aur shahar key sthalon mein seey ack haye. iss parr kaam eesaa poorv doosari shatabdi key anta mein shuru huaa. roman theatre sangrahalaya kaa haal hii mein aadhikarik roop seey udghaatan kiya gayaa thaa. roman ganarajya key samay mein, cartagena key paas kii khaanon ney sabhi roman samrajya key liye chaandi aur seesa pradaan kiya.
anya roman avashesh kaee imaraton aur vyakhyatmak kendron mein paae jaa sakate hain, jinamen roman colned, house off fortune, "decumenus/cardo" aur "augustium" shamil hain.
torre seega" kaa nirmaan romanon dwara dafanaane key liye kiya gayaa thaa; yeh kabristan kaa hissa thaa.
roman amphitheatre (pahali shatabdi esvi) mein abb parityakt bail kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, lekin kewal aspas kii kuchh deevaaren aur stand key neeche kamaron kaa hissa abhee bhee dikhaai dey rhaa haye. haal kaa kaam adhik sabooton kaa khulasa curr rhaa haye.
roman viraasat key alawa, puraataatvik sthalon mein saanta maria laa vieza cathedral key avashesh shamil hain, joe spanish grih yuddh key dauran aparivartaniya roop seey nasht hoe gayaa thaa. yeh 13veen shatabdi key anta kii tarikh haye. eesaa poorv pahali shatabdi key ack roman ghar kaa sajaaya huaa farsh gupt mein paaya jaa sakata haye.
roman theatre aur cathedral key paas ack byzantine prachir paaee jaa sakati haye.
concion mahal (abb cartagena key itihas kii vyakhya key liye kendra) kaa punarnirmaan 13 veen shatabdi mein amphitheatre seey badee sanrachanaon kaa upayog karke kiya gayaa thaa. roman rangmanch sangrahalaya key alawa, dou mahatvapurna puraataatvik sangrahalaya bhee hainh nagarpalika puraataatvik sangrahalaya aur haal hii mein khola gayaa arca (samudri puraatatva kaa rashtriya sangrahalaya).
barok aur nava-shaastriya imaaraten.
campus muralla dell maar", ack purana sainya aspatal, shahar koo bhoomadhyasagariya mein mukhya spanish nausena adde mein badalane key baad kiye gaye pahale karyon mein seey ack thaa, aur abb polytechnic vishvavidyalaya kii seat haye. aspas, shav pareekshan theatre haye, jahan shareer rachana vigyaan kii kakshaaen dee jaati theen. paryatan key liye punarvaas unake nirmaan key samay aas-paas kii imaraton kii vyakhya pradaan kartaa haye.
yeye imaaraten aur kaee anya barok yaa nava-shaastriya imaaraten cartagena key sainya mahatva koo pradarshit karati hain. inmein charles III rampart, castillo dee saine juuliyan, shastragar, midshipman bairak (akadami aur nausena bairak), nausena mukhyalaya mahal (1740 mein banaaya gayaa aur baad mein punarnirmit) aur topkhana mukhyalaya shamil hain, jisamen sainya sangrahalaya bhee haye.
cartagena mein barok yaa nava-shaastriya churchon mein "ell carmen", "santo domingo" aur "sainta maria dee gracia" hain.
molina house kaa kathor mukhauta kalaa aur shilp key kendra koo chhupaata haye.
adhuniktawadi aur sargrahi imaaraten.
cartagena 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey kaee kalaa nauvyu imaraton kaa ghar haye, jaba ack poonjipati varg sthaaniya khanan udyog key vikas key kaaran shahar mein buss gayaa thaa. inn imaraton mein city holl, bhavya hotal, casino (yeye sabhi shahar key sthalon mein seey hain) shamil hain.
railway station key agrabhag parr kuchh utkrisht lohe key darwaaje aur stambh hain, aur ander abhee bhee mool tikat karyalaya, darwaaje kii frame, chhat aur deepak dekhe jaa sakate hain. anya adhuniktawadi yaa sargrahi gharon mein clairs house, aguire palace (jisamen aadhunik kalaa kaa kshetriya sangrahalaya, yaa muram haye), surventice house (anya adhuniktawadi imaraton kii tulanaa mein apekshaakrit badaa), lagostera house, pedreno palace, dorda house, jaapaata house aur shahari vistaar company house shamil hain.
kaee aakarshak, jeevant sadaken iss kshetra koo cover karati hain, jaise kii kaile meyer (hyee street), shahar kii pramukh paidal yatri aur vaanijyik sadak, buteek aur vishisht "tapa", carmen street, puertas dee mursia street aur kaee anya key saath baar seey bharee hui haye.
carridad church shahar key sabse mahatvapurna churchon mein seey ack haye, kyonki yeh cartagena key sanrakshak, neustra senora dee carridad koo samarpit haye. rome mein agrippa key devdev key samaan, aantarik bhaag mein ack gumbad kaa prabhutva haye. prasiddh muercian moortikaar francisco salgillo aur unake school kii kaee utkrisht moortiyaan bhee hain.
aadhunik drishya.
grih yuddh aashray-sangrahalaya spanish grih yuddh key dauran havaai-hamale key aashray key roop mein kaam karane key liye concepian pahaadi (mahal kii site) kii khudai kii gaee deerghaon parr adharit haye. kaee nausainik aur sainya aakarshan iss yug key hain, jaise kii nausena sangrahalaya aur vishva prasiddh peral pandubbi jiska aavishkaar isaq peral (cartagena mein paida hui) ney kiya thaa, jise 1888 mein pahali pandubbiyon mein seey ack key roop mein launch kiya gayaa thaa. ise poori tarah seey bahaal honey key baad nausainik sangrahalaya mein sthanantarit honey taka cartagena key bandargah sair parr pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa.
santigo dee cuba aur cavit (1923) key nayakon kaa smaarak spanish naavikon key sammaan mein banaaya gayaa ack yuddh smaarak haye joe phillippeans aur cuba key taton seey cavit aur santigo key paani mein americi nausena key saath yuddh mein maare gaye they.
anya akarshanon mein poorv bullering aur concepian pahaadi key paas lift-gangway, kshetriya sabhaa (muercia kshetra kii sansad), jisake agrabhag mein punarjagaran seey vaastushilp prabhaav shamil hain, jabaki ack aadhunik havaa (levent mein vishisht) koo banaae rakhaa gayaa haye, aur carmen condentonio moliner sangrahalaya joe usa vatavaran kaa punarnirmaan kartaa haye jisamen cartagena key inn kaviyon ney apane kuchh sabse mahatvapurna karyon koo banaaya haye.
samudra tata.
haalaanki shahar apane aap mein kewal ack bandargah haye, shahar kii seema key bheetar laa mangaa dell maar menor (saine javier kii nagarpalika seey sambandhit doosara hissa) kaa hissa haye joe maar menor koo shamil kartaa haye. cartagena mein mercian bhoomadhyasagariya tata kaa hissa bhee shamil haye. cartagena koo sabse adhik samudra taton (10) key saath spanish shahar honey kaa gaurav praapt haye joe aaee. see. tii. ee. (instituto paira laa kailidad turistica espanola) dwara "gunavatta key liye kyu" pramaanit haye. yeye samudra tata hainh kaalaa courtina, islas menorus, plea honda beach, maar dee chrystal, kaalaa dell pino, kaivana beach, barco perdido beach, ell galua beach, levante beach aur laa golaa beach.
ell portus samudra tata praakritik shivir sthal seey sataa huaa haye, isaliye iss samudra tata parr nagna snan kaa abhyaas kiya jaataa haye.
swaasthya seva.
cartagena swaasthya kshetra II (cartagena) mein mursia key kshetra mein haye. iss kshetra mein 17 upa-kshetra hain aur 13 nagarpalika mein hain. 2 aspatal iss kshetra mein shamil hain aur donon nagarpalika mein sthit hain. cartagena mein 30 "paramarsh kendra" (praathamik dekhbhal swaasthya kendra joe "centros dee salood" kii tulanaa mein cumm kaary karate hain) aur 12 "centros dee salood" bhee hain.
parivahan.
cartagena koo autopista aeye. pee.-7 dwara parosa jaataa haye joe ise bhoomadhyasagariya tata seey aage key kasbon aur shaharon seey jodata haye, aur autovia aeye-30 seey muercia taka. chinchila-cartagena railway 1863 mein cartagena railway station taka pahuncha aur vartamaan station 1903 mein khola gayaa. yeh madrid-sambandhit uchch gati rail network kaa bhavishya kaa terminus hoga. nairo-gaze cartagena-loss nitos line cartagena aur laa union aur poorv mein loss nitos key beach yaatriyon kii seva karati haye.
shahari buss seva dwara cartagena mein buss suvidhaaen bhee maujood hain. laa union aur torre-pacheko jaise nagar paalikaon aur aspas kii nagar paalikaon key ilaakon key liye laainen hain.
shiksha.
mukhya shahar mein 9 praarambhik bachpan aur praathamik shiksha saarvajanik kendra aur 5 maadhyamik kendra hain. chaar "sangeet karyakram" (ardh-niji) kendra bhee iss kshetra mein sthaapit kiye gaye hain aur unamen praathamik key saath-saath maadhyamik shiksha bhee shamil haye. anya jilon mein 38 praathamik shiksha kendra aur 10 maadhyamik shiksha kendra hain. cartagena key paschimi aadhe hisse key poorv mein sthit jilaa ell plan mein ack vishesh shiksha kendra paaya jaa sakata haye.
ack saarvajanik vishvavidyalaya jiska naam universidad polytechnica dee cartagena (upcut) haye, saarvajanik doori vishvavidyalaya kaa ack kendra, niji vishvavidyalaya universidad catalica dee mursia (ucam) kaa ack parisar aur ack niji vishvavidyalaya, jiska naam isen haye, nagarpalika mein hotaa haye. oopar kii or engineering aur vastukala seey sambandhit degree shamil hain, yuu. aeye. dee. mein 28 degree hain, yuu. see. aeye. aim. mein loga 9 degree key beach chuna sakate hain aur aaee. aiss. ee. aine. mein 9 degree padhaai jaati hain.
nagarpalika mein teen vyaavsaayik shiksha kendra (see. aaee. aff. pee.) bhee hain, lekin kuchh maadhyamik shiksha kendron (aaee. ee. aiss.) mein vyaavsaayik degree padhaai jaati haye. mukhya shahar bhasha shikshan key baare mein ack rashtriya saarvajanik sangathan kaa kendra haye. angreji, french, german, arabi aur italvi bhasha koo aeye1 star seey see2 taka padhaaya jaataa haye.
unake nagar parishad kaa ack sangathan haye jiska naam universidad popular dee cartagena haye jahan kaee pathyakram padhaae jaate hain aur madhyam vyaavsaayik degree, uchch vyaavsaayik degree aur vishvavidyalaya kii degree taka pahunch key liye pathyakram shamil hain. vayask shiksha key liye ack kendra mukhya shahar mein bhee paaya jaa sakata haye jahan loga maulik vishay-vastu, vayaskon key liye maadhyamik shiksha, maadhyamik shiksha pariksha kii samagri, see. aff. jee. (uchch star kii vyaavsaayik shiksha) key liye pravesh pariksha kii samagri, vishvavidyalaya kii degree key liye pravesh pariksha kii samagri, spanish, angreji aur computing key liye ack aff. pee. bee. (buniyaadi vyaavsaayik shiksha) kaa adhyayan curr sakate hain.
khel.
shayed, khel key sambandh mein sabse ullekhaniya tatva football club cartagena (aff. see. cartagena) team, joe spanish football leag pranali key dusare star segunda division mein haye. ack anya khel team footsal cartagena haye, joe adhikansh satron key dauran sabse adhik segunda vibhajan mein haye. ack safal team ucam cartagena tennis dee messa haye.
nagarpalika mein khele jaane vaale anya khel club basket cartagena key saath basketball haye; handball, joe sabse ullekhaniya team see haye.aeye.bee. badminton cartagena key saath cartagena aur badminton.
17 seey 19 maee taka cartagena mein effag (saundarya samooh gymnastic kaa antarrashtriya mahasangh) key saath saundarya samooh gymnastic kii ack antarrashtriya pratiyogita aayojit kii gaee thee.
khel suvidhaon key sambandh mein, ausat nagrik key liye dou mukhya mandap hain, jinake naam pabelan central yaa vsel dee gumbada aur piskina nagar palika hain, lekin jilon mein mandap aur khel suvidhaaen bhee hain. mukhya shahar kshetra mein ack stadium bhee paaya jaa sakata haye.
tyauhar.
yeye nagarpalika key sabse prasiddh tyohar hainh
judvaan shahar-bahan shahar.
cartagena key saath jodaa jaataa haih

