
fred gasberg

fredrick villium gasberg (1 janwari 1873-2 sitambar 1951) ack americi sangeetkaar, recording engineer aur gramophone key liye sabse shuruati shaastriya sangeet nirmaataon mein seey ack they. unhone swayam 'nirmaata' shabd kaa upayog naheen kiya, aur way ammy key apane proteg walter legg yaa dekka key johnn kulshau jaise navpravartak kii tarah ack prabhaavshaali vyakti naheen they. gasberg ney pratibha-scouting aur kalakaron koo nae aavishkaar kiye gaye gramophone key liye recording karane key liye manaane parr dhyaan kendrit kiya.
gasberg ney america mein recording udyog mein ack yuva vyakti key roop mein kaam karna shuru kiya, praarambhik recording key agrani bunn gaye, aur berliner graam-oh-phone company key liye piano sangat key roop mein bhee kaam kiya, joe vyaavhaarik paarshv-grove disk aur sambandhit playback upkaran, berliner gramophone key aavishkaarak they. 1898 mein, way ingland mein gramophone company mein pahale recording engineer key roop mein shamil hue. 1902 mein, unhone tenner enrico caruso dwara gaaya gayaa sangeet record kiya aur recording ack sansani bunn gaee. 1921 taka, gasberg aich. aim. vee. key 'antarrashtriya kalakar' vibhaag key kalaatmak nideshak they. 1925 key baad, unhone kalakar prabandhan parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. 1939 mein, way apane pada seey sevaanivritt hue lekin 1940 key dashak key dauran udyog mein ack salaahkaar key roop mein jaari rahey.
jeevani.
praarambhik varsh.
gasberg kaa janm washington, dee mein huaa thaa.see. unake pitaa wilhelm german pravasiyon key bete they. gasberg ney washington mein shiksha praapt kii thee aur sent mein ack courister they. johnn kaa episcopal church.
ack sangeet key prati pratibhashali yuva, unhone 1890 key dashak kii shuruat mein naee recording takneek kaa saamana kiya aur america mein berliner graam-oh-phone company key liye kaam karane kii naukari mill gaee. haalaanki, kharaab dhwani gunavatta aur cumm bajaane kaa matlab thaa kii recording sangeet koo punah prastut karane key gambhir saadhan kii tulanaa mein ack manoranjak naveenata thee. iss dashak mein recording udyog key praarup yuddhon mein seey pahala yuddh hoe rhaa thaa, jisamen mool cylinder recording koo dheere-dheere adhik suvidhajanak berliner flat disk dwara hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. gasberg ney iss yuddh mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, jisase maanak khel gati key roop mein prati minut 78 kraantiyon aur disk banaane key liye maanak samagri key roop mein shelack koo sthaapit karane mein madad millie.
gramophone company aur aich. aim. vee.
1898 mein, gramophone company kaa gathan landan mein kiya gayaa thaa. gesberg, taba taka piano sangat aur emil berliner key liye recording paryavekshak key roop mein kaam curr rahey they, gramophone company mein isake pahale recording engineer key roop mein shamil honey key liye landan key liye newyork chhod gaye. vaha recording poshak, ack $25 saikil, aur berliner seey parichay aur nirdeshon key saath liverpool mein utaraa. landan mein unaki pahali recording mein seey kaee siriya lamonte dwara banaai gaee theen, joe ack australiyai gayika thee joe maydon laine mein rules restaraan mein kaam karati thee.
gasberg ney 11 aprail 1902 koo milan mein tenner enrico caruso kii kuchh pahali recording kii. usa samay key adim upkaranon parr bhee aavaaj achchi tarah seey darj kii gaee, aur poore udyam ney vittiya roop seey aur saath hii kalaatmak roop seey bhugtan kiya. isane ack lambi aur khushahal atlantic paar vyavastha koo bhee janm diyaa. america mein recording koo victor tocking machine company key label key tahat jaari kiya gayaa thaa, joe 1903 key march mein victor kii naee premium redd seal line kii shuruat kaa netritva curr rhaa thaa. caruso yuu mein chalaa gayaa.aiss. baad mein 1903 mein, aur apane shesh jeevan key vijeta key liye vishesh roop seey record kiya. britten mein gramophone company key label key tahat aur mahadvipiya europe mein isaki kaee sahayogi companiyon key label key tahat jaari kii gaee una vijeta recording mein seey kaee aur bhee lokpriya aur laabhdaayak theen. caruso ney khud kahaa, "merey vijeta record merrie jeevani honge."
gasberg key bhaai villium ney unake saath kaam kiya. unhone adlin patti, franco tamagno, feoder chaliapin, beniamino gigli, nelly melba, johnn mccormack aur fritz cressler jaise antarrashtriya sitaaron koo saain upp kiya aur/yaa record kiya. gasberg ack castrato gaayak (cysteine chappel gaayak mandal key alessandro moreshi) koo record karane vaale ekmatra record nirmaata they, aur bhaarat aur japan mein recording kaa utpaadan karane vaale pahale vyakti they. unhone 2 navambar 1902 koo bhaarat kii pahali gramophone recording mein katauti kii, jisamen gauhar zaan koo ack khyaal gaate hue dikhaaya gayaa thaa. yeye satra ack kalkatta hotal key dou kamaron mein ack asthaayi studio mein hue they. japan mein, unhone 1903 key ack hii maheene mein 270 seey adhik khitaab darj kiye.
gasberg ney poorv-krantikari roose kii kaee yaatraaen keen, jahan unaki recording ney record kiye gaye sangeet key sabse badey shuruati baajaron mein seey ack koo vikasit karane mein madad kii. unhone russie tenner vladmir rossing kii pahali recording kii.
apane uttaradhikariyon key legg aur kulshau key vipareet, gasberg ney aam taur parr kalakaron key pradarshan key tareeke koo prabhaavit karane key liye ise apane kaary kaa hissa naheen maanaa. unhone sarvshreshth kalakaron koo paaya joe way curr sakate they, unhein hastaaksharit kiya aur recording key samay upalabdh sarvottam sambhav dhwani mein disk parr unake pradarshan koo vishvaspurvak kaid kiya. unhone ack sahakarmi koo bataaya kii unhone apane kaary koo pratyek recording satra key dauran adhik seey adhik dhwani tasveeren yaa gramophone (78-aar. pee. aim.) disk side banaane key roop mein dekhaa.
baad key varshon mein.
1921 mein, gasberg navgathit 'antarrashtriya kalakar' vibhaag mein aich. aim. vee. key kalaatmak nirdeshak baney. 1925 mein vidyut (microphone) recording kii shuruat key baad, unhone nirmaata kii bhoomika koo saunpa aur kalakar-aur-rapertire prabandhan parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. 1931 mein aich. aim. vee. aur kolambiya farmon key vilay key baad way kalaatmak nideshak baney rahey, jisase bijli aur sangeet udyog (ee. aim. aaee.) kaa nirmaan huaa. unaki dekhrekh mein kii gaee recording mein surr edward elgar key symphany, concerto aur anya pramukh karyon key record kii shrinkhala shamil haye. bernard shau, bee. bee. see. aur anya logon key saath, gasberg elgar koo teesari symphany likhane key liye manaane key liye aanshik roop seey jimmedaar thaa, halanki praarambhik rekhaachitron seey adhik puuraa karane seey pahale hii unaki mrityu hoe gaee. (unhein antatah chaar dashakon baad sangeetkaar anthany paayane dwara ack swarmel aakar mein "vistrit" kiya gayaa thaa.)
gasberg ney aich. aim. vee. mein nideshak pada key prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa, kalakaron aur company key beach ack kadee baney rehna pasand kiya. 66 varsh kii ayu mein, 1939 mein, way sevaanivritt hue, lekin aeye. aim. aaee. mein ack salaahkaar key roop mein jaari rahey, recording udyog parr kaafee prabhaav daala. 1940 key dashak key anta mein unhone 1948 mein kolambiya record dwara pesh kiye gaye long-play (ell. pee.) record aur 1958 mein unaki mrityu key baad pesh kiye gaye stereophonic recording key paksh mein tark diyaa. 1930 key dashak kii shuruat mein unaki antim pariyojanaon mein seey ack, shaastriya recording, abby road studio key liye ack pramukh suvidha, key nirmaan kii kalpana karna aur paryavekshan karna thaa.
unaki sevaanivritti key avsar parr ack bhoj hotal mein diyaa gayaa thaa. isamen surr thomas beecham, gracy fields, richard touber aur artur rubinstein jaise prasiddh sangeetkaron ney bhaag liya. gesberg ney anta taka apani americi nagrikta barkarar rakhee, aur vaha aajivan avivaahit they. 1951 mein 78 varsh kii ayu mein hampstead mein apane ghar parr unaki mrityu hoe gaee aur unhein west hampstead mein hampstead kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa.

