2011 misra kii kranti

2011 kii misra kii kranti, jise 25 janwari kranti key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, 25 janwari 2011 koo shuru hui aur poore misra mein fail gaee. hosni mubarak key karyakal key antim kuchh varshon key dauran badhati pulis barbarta key khilaf ack bayaan key roop mein vibhinn yuva samoohon dwara vaarshik misra key "pulis avkash" key saath mell khaane key liye tarikh nirdhaarit kii gaee thee. isamen pradarshan, julus, plaza key vyavasaay, ahinsak nagrik pratirodh, nagrik avagya key kaary aur hadtaal shamil they. samajik-aarthik aur dhaarmik prishthabhoomi key laakhon pradarshankariyon ney misra key rashtrapati hosni mubarak koo ukhaad fenkane kii maang kii. suraksha balon aur pradarshankariyon key beach hinsak jhadapon key parinamswarup cumm seey cumm 846 loga maare gaye aur 6,000 seey adhik ghayal hoe gaye. pradarshankariyon ney desh bhar mein 90 seey adhik pulis thaanon koo jalaa curr jawabi kaarravaai kii.
misra key pradarshankariyon kii shikaayaten kanuni aur raajneetik muddon parr kendrit theen, jinamen pulis kii krurta, aapaatkaaleen kaanoon, raajneetik swatantrata kii kamee, nagrik swatantrata, bhaashan kii swatantrata, bhrashtachar, uchch berojgari, khaadya-moolya mudrasfeeti aur cumm majdoori shamil hain. pradarshankariyon kii praathamik maangen mubarak shasson kaa anta thee. shramik sanghon kii hadtaalon ney sarkari adhikaariyon parr dabaav badhaa diyaa. vidroh key dauran, rajdhani carro koo "ack yuddh kshetra" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa aur suez key bandargah shahar mein aksar hinsak jhadapen hoti theen. pradarshankariyon ney sarkaar dwara lagaae gaye curfue kii avahelana kii, jise pulis aur senaa kissy bhee mamle mein lagu naheen curr sakey. misra key kendriya suraksha balon, joe mubarak key prati wafadar they, koo dheere-dheere sainya sainikon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. arajakta mein, dangaaiyon dwara lootpaat kii gaee thee jise (vipakshi sootron key anusaar) saade kapadon vaale pulis adhikaariyon dwara uksaayaa gayaa thaa. isake jawab mein, apane pados kii raksha key liye nagrik chaukas logon dwara nigrani samoohon kaa ayojan kiya gayaa thaa.
11 farwari 2011 koo, uparaashtrapati umar suleiman ney ghoshana kii kii mubarak ney rashtrapati key roop mein istifa dey diyaa, jisase sashastr balon kii sarvocch parishad (scaff) koo satta saunp dee gaee. raajya key prabhaavi pramukh mohammad hussain tantawi key netritva mein sainya junta ney 13 farwari koo ghoshana kii kii samvidhaan nilambit haye, sansad key donon sadan bhang hoe gaye hain aur senaa chhah maheene (chunaav honey taka) key liye shasson karegi. pradhaanmantri ahmed shafique sahit pichla mantrimandal, ack naee sarkaar key gathan taka ack karyavahak sarkaar key roop mein kaam kartaa.
mubarak key khilaf kranti aur sashastr balon kii sarvocch parishad dwara shasson kii avadhi key baad, muslim bhaichare ney misra mein lokpriya chunaavon kii ack shrinkhala key madhyam seey satta hassil kii, misra key logon ney juuna 2012 mein ahmed shafique parr chunaav jeetane key baad, islami mohammad morsey koo rashtrapati pada key liye chunaa. haalaanki, islami jhukaav vaale samvidhaan koo paarit karane key unake prayaas key baad mursi sarkaar koo bhayankar virodh kaa saamana karna padaa. mursi ney ack asthaayi rashtrapati decree bhee jaari kii jisane samvidhaan koo paarit karane mein saksham banaane key liye nyaayik sameeksha parr apane nirnayon koo uthaaya. isane dharmnirpekshtavadiyon aur senaa key sadasyon seey aam akrosh koo janm diyaa, aur 28 juuna 2013 koo unake shasson key khilaf badey paimaane parr virodh pradarshan hue. 3 julaai 2013 koo, mursi koo raksha mantri, general abdel fatah all-cc key netritva mein ack takhtapalat dwara apadasth curr diyaa gayaa, kyonki laakhon misravasi shuruati chunaavon key samarthan mein sadakon parr utar aae. 2014 mein ack chunaav key baad all-cc misra key rashtrapati baney, jiska vipakshi dalon ney bahishkaar kiya thaa.
anya naam.
misra aur arab duniya key anya hisson mein, virodh aur sarkari parivartanon koo ('thawrat 25 yanyar'), ('thawrat all-gadaab'), aur (cumm baar) ('thawrat all-shabab'), () yaa ('all-thawrah all-bunda') key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
1981 mein yuddh kii ghatana kii hatyaa key baad hosni mubarak misra key rashtrapati baney. mubarak kii rashtriya loktaantrik party (aine. dee. aiss.) ney ack-party shasson banaae rakhaa. unaki sarkaar koo paschim seey samarthan milaa aur sanyukt raajya america seey islami aatankvaadiyon key daman aur israel key saath shaanti dwara sahaayata millie. mubarak kii tulanaa aksar media aur kuchh alochakon dwara ack misra key firo seey kii jaati thee, kyonki unake sattawadi shasson key kaaran. vaha apane shasankal key 30vein varsh mein they jaba 2011 kii kranti shuru hui thee.
shakti kii viraasat.
mubarak key chhote bete key 2000 mein misra key agale rashtrapati key roop mein apane pitaa key uttaradhikari banane kii ummeed thee. gamaal koo misra key media seey dhyaan aakarshit karna shuru hoe gayaa, kyonki rashtrapati pada key liye koee anya uttaradhikari naheen they. haafez all-asad kii mrityu key kuchh ghanton baad juuna 2000 mein seeriya mein busher all-asad key satta mein aaney seey misra key press mein carro mein isi tarah key paridrishya kii sambhaavanaon key baare mein bahas chhid gaee.
mubarak key 2005 key punah chunaav key baad key varshon key dauran, kaee vaam aur dakshinpanthi (mukhya roop seey anaupchaarik) raajneetik samoohon ney satta kii viraasat kaa virodh kiya, sudhaaron kii maang kii aur bahu-ummidwar chunaav key liye kahaa. 2006 mein, virodh badhane key saath, "delly news egypt" ney ack online abhiyaan pahal (shakti viraasat key khilaf rashtriya pahal) kii soochana dee, jisamen maang kii gaee kii gamal apani shakti koo cumm karey. abhiyaan ney kahaa, "rashtrapati mubarak aur unake bete ney lagaatar [uttaradhikar] kii sambhavana seey bhee incar kiya. haalaanki, vaastav mein unhone isake vipareet kiya, jisamen yeh sunishchit karane key liye samvidhaan mein sanshodhan karna bhee shamil thaa kii kewal gamaal hii ekmatra apratispardhi ummidwar hoga."
dashak key dauran, janata kii dhaarana badhee kii gamaal unake pitaa kaa uttaradhikari hoga. unhone aine. dee. pee. key upa mahasachiv aur party kii neeti samiti key adhyaksh key roop mein badhati shakti kaa upayog kiya. vishleshakon ney mubarak key satta mein rahane key antim dashak koo "gamaal mubarak kaa yug" bataaya. apane pitaa key swaasthya mein girawat aur koee niyukt upaadhyaksh naheen honey key kaaran, gamaal koo kuchh logon dwara misra kaa "vaastavik" rashtrapati maanaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki gamaal aur hosni mubarak ney satta kii viraasat seey incar kiya, gamaal koo chunaa jaa sakata thaa; hosni mubarak kaa rashtrapati pada kaa karyakal 2010 mein samaapt honey vaalaa thaa, atkalen theen kii gamaal 2011 mein aine. dee. pee. ummidwar key roop mein chunaav ladegaa. haalaanki, janwari-farwari 2011 key virodh key baad gamaal mubarak ney kahaa kii vaha 2011 key chunaavon mein rashtrapati pada key liye naheen ladenge.
aapaatkaaleen kaanoon.
aapaatkaaleen kaanoon (kaanoon nam. 1967 key chhah divasiya yuddh key baad desh mein 1958 kaa 162) lagu kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein ise 18 maheenon key liye nilambit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin 1981 mein yuddh kii ghatana kii hatyaa key baad seey yeh lagaatar lagu haye. aapaatkaaleen kaanoon ney pulis shaktiyon kaa vistaar kiya, samvaidhaanik adhikaaron koo nilambit curr diyaa, censorship koo vaidh banaa diyaa aur "bandee pratyaksheekaran" koo samaapt curr diyaa. yeh pradarshanon, apramaanit raajneetik sangathanon aur apanjikrit vittiya daan sahit gair-sarkari raajneetik gatividhiyon koo seemit kartaa haye. mubarak sarkaar ney aapaatkaaleen kaanoon kaa vistaar karate hue aatankvaad key khatare kaa hawala dete hue daavaa kiya haye kii yadi sarkaar sansadiya chunaavon koo naheen chhodati haye aur aapaatkaaleen kaanoon key madhyam seey samooh koo naheen dabaati haye tou muslim bhaichare jaise vipakshi samooh misra mein satta hassil curr sakate hain. isake kaaran kaaryakartaon koo binaa mukadame key kaid, avaidh, binaa dastaveji aur chhipi hui hirasat suvidhaaen aur vishvavidyalaya, masjid aur samachar patra key karmchaariyon koo unaki raajneetik sambaddhata key aadhar parr aswikar curr diyaa gayaa haye. disambar 2010 key sansadiya chunaav seey pahale media kii kaarravaai, giraftari, ummidwar parr pratibandh (vishesh roop seey muslim bhaichare key ummidvaaron) aur sansad mein aine. dee. pee. dwara lagbhag sarvasammati seey jeet key kaaran dhokhadhadi key aarop lagey they. manvadhikar sangathanon kaa anuman haye kii 2010 mein 5,000 seey 10,000 loga binaa kissy aarop yaa mukadame key deerghakaalik hirasat mein they.
pulis kii barbarta.
ack yuu key anusaar.aiss. dutawas kii report key anusaar, misra mein pulis kii barbarta vyaapak roop seey dekhi gaee haye. kranti seey pahale key paanch varshon mein, mubarak shasson ney pulis dwara yaatana yaa durvyavahar key astitva seey incar kiya. haalaanki, gharelu aur antarrashtriya samoohon key daavon ney cellphone video yaa pulis kii barbarta key saikadon mamalon key pratyaksh vivaran pradaan kiye. yuu. aiss. kii 2009 kii manvadhikar report key anusaar.aiss. raajya vibhaag, "gharelu aur antarrashtriya manvadhikar samoohon ney bataaya kii aantarik mantralaya (aim. oh. aaee.) raajya suraksha jaanch seva (aiss. aiss. aaee.), pulis aur anya sarkari sansthaon ney soochana nikaalane yaa jabaran sweekaarokti dene key liye yaatana kaa upayog karna jaari rakhaa. manvadhikaron key liye misra key sangathan ney varsh 2009 key dauran yaatana key 30 mamalon kaa dastavejikaran kiya. kaee mukdamon mein prativaadiyon ney aarop lagaaya kii pulis ney poochtaachh key dauran unhein prataadit kiya. varsh key dauran kaaryakartaon aur paryavekshakon ney suraksha adhikaariyon dwara nagrikon key kathit durvyavahar kaa dastavejikaran karate hue kuchh shaukiya cellphone video prasaarit kiye. udaaharan key liye, 8 farwari koo, ack blogger ney dou pulis adhikaariyon kaa ack video post kiya, jinhen unake pahale naam aur antim aadyaksharon seey pahachaana gayaa, jisamen ahmed abdel fatah allie naamak ack bandhe hue nagna vyakti koo ack bottle key saath yaun shoshan kiya gayaa. 12 agast koo, usee blogger ney ack bandargah mein ack vyakti kii kathit pulis yaatana key dou video post kiye, pulis station ney kahaa kii jaanch key pramukh, mohammad aboo gazal ney kahaa. iss baat kaa koee sanket naheen thaa kii sarkaar ney donon mamalon kii jaanch kii thee."
baltjya ()-saade kapadon vaali pulis-kii aine. dee. pee. dwara tainaati mubarak sarkaar kii pehchaan rahee haye. manvadhikaron key liye misra key sangathan ney 1993 seey 2007 taka pulis dwara 167 mauton sahit yaatana key 567 mamalon kaa dastavejikaran kiya haye. aksar lokpriya vidrohon key khilaf kaanoon-pravartan agencies dwara atyadhik bull kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. 6 juuna 2010 koo khalid mohammad saeed kii alexandaria key sidi gaber kshetra mein vivaadit paristhitiyon mein mrityu hoe gaee, gavaahon ney gawahi dee kii unhein pulis dwara peeta gayaa thaa-ack aisee ghatana jisane pulis kii krurta key mudde key ird-gird misriyon koo prerit kiya. adhikaariyon ney kahaa kii pulis adhikaariyon dwara peechha kiye jaane key dauran khalid kii hashish parr dumm ghutane seey maut hoe gaee. haalaanki, murdaghar seey khaled key vikrit shav kii tasveeron mein yaatana key sanket dikhaai diye. ack facebook pays, "humm sabhi khaled ney kahaa", ney mamle kii or rashtravyapi dhyaan aakarshit karane mein madad kii. antarrashtriya paramanu oorjaa agency key poorv pramukh mohammad elbaradei ney pulis key durupyog key khilaf alekjendar mein 2010 kii raili kaa netritva kiya aur samvedana vyakt karane key liye saeed key parivaar seey mulakat kii.
janwari-farwari 2011 key virodh pradarshanon key dauran, pulis kii barbarta aam baat thee. dha guardian" key reporter jack shenkar koo 26 janwari koo carro virodh pradarshan key dauran giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. unhone misra key saathi pradarshankariyon koo prataadit, hamla kiye jaane aur pulis adhikaariyon dwara agyaat sthaanon parr leey jaane koo dekhaa. ack saathi bandee key pitaa ayman noor dwara gupt hastakshep key baad shenkar aur anya bandiyon koo riha curr diyaa gayaa.
chunaav bhrashtachar.
bhrashtachar, matdan naa karane key liye jabardasti aur chunaav parinamon mein herfer mubarak key 30 saal key shasson key dauran kaee chunaavon key dauran huaa. 2005 taka, mubarak ekmatra rashtrapati pada key ummidwar they (haan-yaa-naheen vote key saath). mubarak ney bhaari bahumat key saath lagaatar paanch rashtrapati chunaav jeete. halanki vipakshi samoohon aur antarrashtriya chunaav-nigrani agencies ney aarop lagaaya kii chunaavon mein dhandhali kii gaee thee, lekin una agencies koo chunaavon kii nigrani karane kii anumati naheen dee gaee thee. haal key misra key itihas mein ekmatra vipakshi rashtrapati pada key ummidwar, ayman noor, 2005 key chunaavon seey pahale jail mein they. 2007 key ack sarvekshan key anusaar, raajneetik pranali mein vishvaas kii kamee key kaaran matdan bahut cumm (lagbhag 25 pratishat) thaa.
jansankhyikiya aur aarthik samasyaaen.
berojgari aur subsidy vaali vastuon parr nirbharta.
misra kii aabaadi 1966 mein 30,083,419 seey badhkar 2008 taka lagbhag 79,000,000 hoe gaee. misra key adhikansh loga nile key taton key paas rahate hain, lagbhag ack aise kshetra mein jahan ekmatra krishi yogya bhoomi paaee jaati haye. 2010 key anta mein, misra kii lagbhag 40 pratishat aabaadi lagbhag 2 dollar prati dinn key barabar parr rahati thee, jisamen ack badaa hissa subsidy vaali vastuon parr nirbhar thaa.
antarrashtriya arthshastra key liye pieterson sansthaan aur jansankhyikiya sanrachanaatmak drishtikon (cleodynamics) key anya prastavakon key anusaar, misra mein ack buniyaadi samasya jansankhyikiya yuvaaon dwara sanchaalit berojgari haye; ack varsh mein lagbhag chaar pratishat parr karyabal mein pravesh karane vaale nae logon kii sankhya key saath, misra mein berojgari una college snatakon key liye lagbhag 10 gunaa adhik haye jinhone praathamik vidyalaya (vishesh roop seey shikshit shahari yuva-joe loga kranti key dauran sadakon parr they) samaapt kiya.
arthavyavastha aur kharaab jeevan kii sthiti.
gamaal abdel nasser key karyakal key dauran misra kii arthavyavastha atyadhik kendrikrit thee, joe yuddh kii sadaat aur mubarak key tahat adhik bajar-sanchaalit hoe gaee. 2004 seey 2008 taka mubarak sarkaar ney videshi nivesh koo aakarshit karane aur jee. dee. pee. badhaane key liye aarthik sudhaar kaa anusaran kiya, baad mein badee mandee key kaaran sudhaaron koo aage badhaaya. antarrashtriya aarthik mandee ney 2009 mein misra kii jee. dee. pee. vriddhi koo 4.5 pratishat taka dheema curr diyaa. 2010 mein, vishleshakon ney kahaa kii pradhaanmantri ahmed nazif kii sarkaar koo videshi nivesh koo aakarshit karane, vikas badhaane aur aarthik sthitiyon mein sudhaar key liye aarthik sudhaar koo phir seey shuru karane kii aavashyakta hogi. haal key uchch rashtriya aarthik vikas key bavjood, ausat misra key logon key liye rahane kii sthiti apekshaakrit kharaab rahee (halanki anya african deshon kii tulanaa mein behtar jisamen koee mahatvapurna samajik uthal-puthal naheen thee).
bhrashtachar.
mubarak prashaasan key aantarik mantralaya mein raajneetik bhrashtachar naatakiya roop seey badhaa, kyonki unake rashtrapati pada koo banaae rakhane key liye aavashyak pranali parr niyantran badh gayaa. aine. dee. pee., sarkaar aur pratinidhiyon key sadan mein shaktishali vyapariyon key satta mein aaney seey ahmed nazif sarkaar key dauran janata mein gussa fail gayaa. ahmed aij ney ispat udyog parr ekadhikar curr liya, jisamen bajar mein 60 pratishat seey adhik hissedari thee. misra key jeevanikaar aur americi professor aladin elasar ney anuman lagaaya kii mubarak parivaar kii keemat 50 dollar seey 70 arab dollar taka thee.
poorv aine. dee. pee. sachiv aiz kii sampatti kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa; poorv awas mantri ahmed all-magrabi kii sampatti kaa anuman poorv paryatan mantri juheir garaana kii sampatti seey adhik thaa; poorv vyaapaar aur udyog mantri rashid mohammad rashid kii sampatti kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa haye, aur poorv aantarik mantri habib all-adali kii sampatti kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa. misra key logon key beach yeh dhaarana thee kii rashtra kii sampatti seey labhanvit honey vaale kewal loga rashtriya loktaantrik party seey sambandhon vaale vyavasaayi theh "dhana raajneetik shakti koo badhaava detaa haye aur raajneetik shakti dhana khareedati haye."
2010 key chunaavon key dauran, vipakshi samoohon ney sarkari utpeedan aur dhokhadhadi kii shikayat kii. vipaksh aur nagrik kaaryakartaon ney chunaavon koo prabhaavit karane vaale kaee kanuni aur samvaidhaanik praavdhaanon mein badalaav kaa ahwan kiya. 2010 mein, paardarshita antarrashtriya key bhrashtachar dhaarana soochkaank (see. pee. aaee.) ney misra koo vyavsaayiyon aur vishleshakon dwara bhrashtachar kii degree kii dhaaranaon key aadhar parr 3.1 kaa score diyaa (jisamen 10 swachchh aur 0 poori tarah seey bhrasht they).
purvavlokan karein.
mubarak key sambhaavit patan kii taiyari key liye, vipakshi samoohon ney ahinsak kaarravaai parr jeane sharp key kaam kaa adhyayan kiya aur otpore key netaaon key saath kaam kiya!chhaatr key netritva vaalaa serbian sangathan. 198 ahinsak hathiyaron kii teekshna soochi kii pratiyaan, jinka arabi mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa aur hamesha unake liye jimmedaar naheen they, apane kabje key dauran tehrir chauk mein prasaarit kii gaeen.
tunisian kranti.
badey paimaane parr virodh pradarshanon key baad tunis key rashtrapati zaain ell abidin bayne allie koo bedkhal karane key baad, kaee vishleshakon (europeeya aayog key poorv adhyaksh roman prody sahit) ney misra koo agale desh key roop mein dekhaa jahaan iss tarah kii kranti hoe sakati haye. dha washington post" key anusaar, chameli kranti [...] misra key 83 varsheeya hosni mubarak seey shuru hocker arab netaaon key liye ack sakht chetavani key roop mein kaam karna chaahiye-kii adhik aarthik aur raajneetik avsar kii anumati dene seey unakaa incar khatarnak aur asamarthaniya haye."anya logon kaa maanana thaa kii misra kranti key liye taiyar naheen thaa, misra key logon kii cumm akanksha, nimn shaikshik star aur sainya samarthan key saath ack majboot sarkaar kaa hawala dete hue. bee. bee. see. ney kahaa, "saral tathya yeh haye kii adhikansh misravasi aisaa koee tarika naheen dekhate hain jisase way apane desh yaa apane jeevan koo raajneetik kaarravaai key madhyam seey badal sakein, chaahe vaha matdan hoe, sakriyata hoe, yaa pradarshan karane key liye sadakon parr jaanaa hoe."
atmadah.
17 disambar koo tunisia mein mohammad bauzizi key atmadah key baad, ack vyakti ney 18 janwari koo misra kii sansad key saamane khud koo aag lagaa lii aur isake baad paanch aur prayaas kiye gaye. 17 janwari koo, ack becker, abdu abdel monam ney bhee ack kaanoon key virodh mein khud koo aag lagaa lii, joe restaraan maalikon koo subsidy vaali rotty khareedane seey rokta thaa, jisase vaha niyamit moolya parr rotty khareedata thaa-joe subsidy vaali rotty seey paanch gunaa adhik haye. mohammad farooq mohammad, joe ack vakeel hain, ney bhee apani poorv patni key virodh mein sansad key saamane khud koo aag lagaa lii, jinhone unhein apani betiyon koo dekhane kii anumati naheen dee. alexandria mein ahmed haisham key naam seey ack berojgar vyakti ney bhee khud koo aag lagaa lii.
rashtriya pulis divas parr virodh pradarshan.
vipakshi samoohon ney grih mantralaya key saamane pulis kii barbarta kaa virodh karane key liye 25 janwari koo rashtriya pulis divas key saath vidroh key ack dinn kii yojana banaai. pradarshankariyon ney aantarik mantri key istife, raajya key bhrashtachar koo samaapt karane, aapaatkaaleen kaanoon key anta aur rashtrapati key liye rashtrapati key karyakal kii seema kii bhee maang kii.
kaee raajneetik andolanon, vipakshi dalon aur saarvajanik hastiyon ney vidroh key dinn kaa samarthan kiya, jisamen nyaay aur swatantrata key liye yuva, kranti key yuvaaon kaa gathbandhan, parivartan key liye lokpriya loktaantrik andolan, krantikari samajwadi aur parivartan key liye rashtriya sangathan shamil they. 6 aprail kaa yuva andolan virodh kaa ack pramukh samarthak thaa, jisane 20,000 parche vitarit kiye, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii "main apane adhikaaron key liye 25 janwari koo virodh karuungaa. ghada all-thawra party, karma, wafad aur loktaantrik morche ney virodh pradarshanon kaa samarthan kiya. misra key sabse badey vipakshi samooh, muslim bhaichare ney 23 janwari koo pushti kii kii vaha isamen bhaag legaa. upanyaskar alaa all aswani, lekhak belal fadal aur abhineta amar wake aur khalid abaul naaga sahit saarvajanik hastiyon ney ghoshana kii kii way isamen bhaag lenge. vampanthi rashtriya pragatisheel sanghwadi party ("tagammu") ney kahaa kii vaha bhaag naheen legee, aur coptic church ney isaaiyon seey virodh pradarshanon mein bhaag naheen lene kaa aagrah kiya.
virodh pradarshanon koo bhadkane mein chhattis varsheeya asma mahfauz kii mahatvapurna bhoomika thee. rashtriya pulis divas seey ack saptah pahale post kiye gaye ack video blogg mein, unhone misra key logon seey 25 janwari koo tehrir chauk mein unake saath shamil honey kaa aagrah kiya taaki mubarak shasson koo neeche laaya jaa sakey. mahfoz dwara video blogging aur soshal media kaa upayog viral hoe gayaa aur logon seey darne kaa aagrah naheen kiya. karyakram key liye facebook samooh ney 80,000 logon koo aakarshit kiya.
(poorv-) kranti kii samayrekha.
farooq seey mubarak taka.
mubarak key khilaf 2011 kii misra kii kranti key adhikansh kaaran 1952 mein bhee maujood they, jaba swatantra adhikaariyon ney raajaa farooq koo bedkhal curr diyaah viraasat mein millie shakti, bhrashtachar, alp-vikas, berojgari, dhana kaa anuchit vitaran aur israel kii upasthiti. arab vasant kaa ack nayaa kaaran jansankhya mein vriddhi haye, jisase berojgari mein vriddhi hui haye. mubarak kii sadak parr pahala sanket misra aur israel key beach 1967 kaa yuddh thaa.
gamaal abdel nasser kii haar ney 1970 mein nasser kii mrityu key baad yuddh sadaat koo satta mein laaya. asdeed nasser key samajik sudhaaron aur soviyat sangh parr nirbharta ney isake patan seey lagbhag dou dashak pahale isaki bhavishyavani kii.
sadaat ney misra key aadhunikikaran kii upeksha kii aur unake sahayogi honey seey desh key buniyaadi dhaanche key udyogon koo nuksan huaa joe naee naukariyan paida curr sakate they. 1981 mein saadat kii mrityu key baad hosni mubarak ney unakaa sthaan liya. binaa kissy shaikshanik yaa sarkari anubhav key, mubarak ney apane 30 varshon key karyakal key dauran apatkal lagu kiya, taba taka uparaashtrapati kii niyukti naheen kii jaba taka kii una parr istifa dene kaa dabaav naheen daala gayaa. sanchaar madhyam jaise internet, cell phone aur upgrah tv chainalon ney masjidon aur shukravaar kii prarthanaon koo badhaaya, joe zana sanchaar key paaramparik saadhan hain. masjidon ney muslim bhaichare koo satta mein laaya, aur bhaichare ney 1928 seey 2011 taka sabhi sarkaaron parr dabaav daala haye (jaisa kii yeh padosi deshon mein bhee hotaa haye).
kranti key baad kii samayrekha.
sashastr balon kii sarvocch parishad key tahat.
mubarak shasson key nishkasana key baad seey sabse badey pradarshanon mein, alexandaria, suez, ismaylia aur gharbeya mein pradarshanon key alawa, hajaaron pradarshankariyon ney tahir chauk koo bhar diyaa. pradarshankariyon ney nagrikon key liye koee sainya pareekshan, sansad chunaavon seey pahale misra key samvidhaan kii bahaali aur puraane shasson key sabhi sadasyon (aur janwari aur farwari mein pradarshankariyon koo maarne vaalon) key liye mukadama chalaane kii maang naheen kii.
nyaay mantralaya ney ack adesh jaari kiya jisamen sainya adhikaariyon koo nagrikon koo giraftar karane aur sainya adalaton mein una parr mukadama chalaane kaa adhikaar diyaa gayaa. yeh praavdhaan ack nayaa samvidhaan pesh kiye jaane taka prabhaavi rahata haye, aur iska matlab yeh hoe sakata haye kii raajya dwara sanchaalit aggy news key anusaar hirasat mein liye gaye loga itane lambe samay taka jail mein reh sakate hain.
rashtrapati mohammad morsey key adheen.
rashtrapati mohammad morsey key adheen misra kii kranti key baad hui pramukh ghatnaaon key kalanukramik saransh key liye, misra kii kranti kii samayrekha (kranti key baad kii samayrekha) dekhein.
navambar 2012 kii ghoshana.
22 navambar 2012 koo, morsey ney apane farmaanon koo chunauti seey pratirakshit karane aur nae samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar karane vaali samvidhaan sabhaa key kaam kii raksha karane kaa prayaas karate hue ack ghoshana jaari kii. ghoshana key liye pradarshankariyon kii hatyaa seey burry kiye gaye logon key khilaf phir seey mukadama chalaane kii aavashyakta thee, aur samvidhaan sabhaa key janadesh koo dou maheene key liye badhaa diyaa gayaa. ghoshana ney morsey koo kranti kii raksha key liye koee bhee aavashyak upaay karane key liye adhikrit kiya. udaarvaadi aur dharmnirpeksh samooh samvidhaan sabhaa seey baahar chaley gaye kyonki unakaa maanana thaa kii yeh sakht islamvad lagu karega, jabaki muslim bhaichare ney mursi kaa samarthan kiya.
morsey kii ghoshana kii aalochana samvidhaan party key netaa mohammad elbaradei ney kii thee (jinhone kahaa thaa kii unhone "sabhi raajya shaktiyon koo hadap liya thaa aur khud koo misra kaa nayaa raajaa niyukt kiya thaa"), aur poore desh mein hinsak virodh pradarshan hue. ghoshana koo vaapas lene aur samvidhaan sabhaa koo bhang karane kii maang karate hue pradarshankariyon ney phir seey tehrir chauk mein tambu lagaae. mangalwar, 27 navambar koo ack "vishal virodh" kii yojana banaai gaee thee, jisamen pradarshankariyon aur pulis key beach jhadapon kii soochana millie thee. ghoshana kii ninda antarrashtriya britten dwara bhee kii gaee thee.
aprail 2013 mein ack yuva samooh banaaya gayaa thaa joe mursi kaa virodh curr rhaa thaa aur 30 juuna 2013 (unake rashtrapati pada kii pahali varshgaanth) taka 22 million hastakshar ekatra karane kaa prayaas curr rhaa thaa. isase juuna 2013 mein virodh pradarshan shuru hue.
haalaanki virodh pradarshan 30 juuna koo nirdhaarit kiye gaye they, virodhiyon ney 28 tarikh koo ikattha honah shuru curr diyaa. mursi samarthakon (mukhya roop seey islami dalon key) ney bhee usa dinn virodh kiya.
30 juuna koo samooh ney tehrir chauk aur rashtrapati bhawan mein badey virodh pradarshanon kaa ayojan kiya, jisamen rashtrapati chunaav jald karaane kii maang kii gaee, joe baad mein anya rajyapalon mein fail gayaa.
juuna-julaai 2013 virodh pradarshan aur ukhaad fenkana.
30 juuna 2013 koo, rashtrapati key roop mein morsey key udghaatan kii pahali varshgaanth key avsar parr, laakhon misriyon ney unake khilaf virodh pradarshan kiya, aur unake pada seey hatane kii maang kii. mursi ney istifa dene seey incar curr diyaa. unhein 48 ghante kaa ultimatum jaari kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen maang kii gaee thee kii vaha misriyon kii maangon kaa jawab dein, aur 3 julaai 2013 koo, misra key rashtrapati koo ukhaad fenka gayaa thaa. 4 julaai 2013 koo hosni mubarak key 2011 key istife key baad marshel low lagu karane key vipareet, ack nagrik varishth nyaayvid adley mansoor koo antarim adhyaksh niyukt kiya gayaa thaa aur mursi key hataae jaane key baad naee sarkaar key liye shapath lii gaee thee. mansoor koo sarvocch samvaidhaanik nyayalaya mein samvaidhaanik ghoshanaaen aur nihit karyakari shakti jaari karane kaa adhikaar thaa, jisase unhein karyakari, nyaayik aur samvaidhaanik shakti millie. morsey ney unhein pada seey hataane koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa aur kaee samarthakon ney unhein bahaal karane kii kasam khaai. way mool roop seey morsey kii pahali varshgaanth manaane key liye apane dharna-pradarshan kaa irada rakhate they, lekin way jaldi hii nae adhikaariyon key khilaf hoe gaye. unake dharna-pradarshanon koo usa varsh 14 agast koo suraksha balon dwara titar-bitar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen cumm seey cumm 904 nagrik maare gaye aur 8 pulis adhikaari maare gaye they.
18 janwari 2014 koo, antarim sarkaar ney ack janmat sangrah key baad ack nae samvidhaan koo sansthaagat banaa diyaa jisamen matdaataon key 98.2% samarthak they. kewal panjikrit matdaataon kii bhagidari cumm thee, halanki yeh morsey key karyakal key dauran janmat sangrah mein matdan karane vaale 33 pratishat seey adhik thee. 26 march 2014 koo misra key sashastr balon key pramukh abdel fatah all-cc, joe iss samay desh key niyantran mein they, ney senaa seey istifa dey diyaa, ghoshana kii kii vaha 2014 key rashtrapati chunaav mein ummidwar key roop mein khade honge. 26 aur 28 maee 2014 key beach hue matdan mein 47 pratishat matdan huaa thaa, jisake parinamswarup all-cc kii shandar jeet hui thee. isake baad 8 juuna 2014 koo sisi ney misra key rashtrapati key roop mein shapath lii.
shahar dwara virodh pradarshan.
carro.
carro kranti key kendra mein rhaa haye; sabse badaa virodh shahar key shahar tahrir chauk mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jise "virodh andolan kaa dill kii dhadkan aur sabse prabhaavi prateek" maanaa jaataa haye. virodh pradarshan key pahale teen dinon key dauran kendriya suraksha pulis aur pradarshankariyon key beach jhadapen huin, lekin 28 janwari koo pulis carro seey vaapas chully gaee. nagrikon ney vyavastha banaae rakhane key liye pados-nigrani samoohon kaa gathan kiya aur vyaapak loot kii soochana millie. 31 janwari kii subah carro mein yatayat pulis koo phir seey pesh kiya gayaa. tehrir chauk parr anumaanit 20 laakh logon ney virodh pradarshan kiya. virodh pradarshanon key dauran, samvaadaata natasha smith, laara logan aur monaa altahawi parr ghatnaaon koo cover karate hue yaun utpeedan kiya gayaa.
alexandria.
khalid saeed key ghar alexandaria ney badey virodh pradarshan aur pulis key saath jhadapon kaa anubhav kiya. pradarshankariyon key beach kuchh takraav hue, kyonki kuchh mubarak samarthak they (kuchh pulis-escorted kafile koo chhodkar). sadakon parr pulis kii samanya anupasthiti sahit kaanoon aur vyavastha kaa vighatan 3 farwari kii shaam taka jaari rhaa. alexandaria key virodh 1 janwari koo church bambari key baad kii ghatnaaon mein isaaiyon aur musalmaanon kii sanyukt upasthiti key liye ullekhaniya they, jisane mubarak shasson key khilaf virodh pradarshan koo janm diyaa.
mansoor.
uttari shahar mansaura mein, 25 janwari seey mubarak shasson key khilaf dainik virodh pradarshan shuru hue; dou dinn baad, shahar koo "yuddh kshetra" kahaa gayaa. 28 janwari koo, hinsak jhadapon mein 13 logon key maare jaane kii soochana millie; 9 farwari koo, 18 aur pradarshankariyon kii maut hoe gaee. 1 farwari koo ack virodh pradarshan mein anumaanit upasthiti duss laakh thee. siva kaa dooradraj kaa shahar apekshaakrit shaant thaa, lekin sthaaniya sheikhon ney kathit taur parr paas key ack shahar koo jalaaye jaane key baad samudaay koo bund curr diyaa.
suez.
suez ney hinsak virodh pradarshan bhee dekhe. pratyakshadarshi reports ney sujhaav diyaa kii marane vaalon kii sankhya adhik thee, halanki kshetra mein media coverage parr pratibandh key kaaran pushti karna mushkil thaa. kuchh online kaaryakartaon ney suez misra key sidi buzid (tunisian shahar jahan virodh shuru huaa) koo bulaaya. 3 farwari koo 4,000 pradarshankari mubarak key istife kii maang key liye sadakon parr utar aae. 8 farwari koo ack shramik hadtaal hui aur 11 farwari koo badey paimaane parr virodh pradarshan hue. menaa samachar agency ney 26 janwari koo dou pradarshankariyon aur ack pulis adhikaari kii maut kii soochana dee.
anya shahar.
vilasita mein virodh pradarshan hue. 11 farwari koo pulis ney dairut mein pradarshankariyon parr golibari shuru curr dee, hajaaron pradarshankari shebin ell-come kii sadakon parr utar aae, hajaaron ney sinai praaydweep parr ell-arish mein virodh pradarshan kiya, dakshini shaharon sohag aur minya mein badey virodh pradarshan hue aur lagbhag 100,000 logon ney ismailiya mein sthaaniya-sarkaar key mukhyalayon mein aur unake aspas virodh pradarshan kiya. 27 janwari koo 100,000 seey adhik pradarshankari zagazig mein nagar parishad key saamane ekatra hue. sinai praaydweep mein beduin ney kaee hafton taka suraksha balon seey ladaai ladee. seema parr sainya upasthiti mein kamee key parinamswarup, beduin samoohon ney seemaon kii raksha kii aur kranti key liye apana samarthan dene kaa sankalp liya. haalaanki, paryatakon key beach badhate tanaav key bavjood sherm-all-sheikh mein koee virodh yaa nagrik ashanti naheen hui.
mauton.
virodh pradarshan seey pahale aatm-dahan key chhah mamle saamane aae they, jisamen ack vyakti koo carro shahar mein khud koo aag lagaane kii koshish karate hue giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. mamle tunisia mein aatm-dahan key krityon seey prerit they (aur ack maheene baad shuru hue) jisane tunisian kranti koo prerit kiya. atmadah karane vaalon mein abdul-monim jaffar, mohammad farooq hassan, mohammad ashaur soror aur ahmed hashim all-saiyyad shamil they, jinaki baad mein choton seey mrityu hoe gaee.
30 janwari taka, "all jazira" ney virodh pradarshanon mein 150 mauton kii soochana dee.
29 janwari taka 2,000 logon key ghayal honey kii pushti hui. usa dinn, carro mein azerbaijani dutawas kaa ack karmchari kaam seey ghar jaate samay maaraa gayaa thaa; agale dinn, azerbaijan ney nagrikon koo nikaalane key liye ack vimaan bheja aur hatyaa kii aaparaadhik jaanch shuru kii.
krodh key shukravaar" key dauran maare gaye logon kaa antim sanskar 30 janwari koo kiya gayaa thaa. saikadon shoke santapt loga ekatra hue, mubarakon koo hataane kii maang kii. 1 farwari taka virodh pradarshanon mein cumm seey cumm 125 loga maare gaye, halanki manvadhikar nigrani ney kahaa kii manvadhikaron key liye sanyukt uchchaayukt navee pille ney daavaa kiya kii ashanti mein 300 loga maare gaye honge. apusht aankadon mein dou carro aspatalon mein 80 manvadhikar-nigrani-satyaapit mautein shamil theen, alexandaria mein 36 aur suez mein 13; 3,000 seey adhik loga ghayal hue they.
kranti key baare mein ack misra key sarkari tathya-khoj aayog ney 19 aprail koo ghoshana kii kii lagbhag teen saptah lambe vidroh mein cumm seey cumm 846 misra key loga maare gaye. ack pramukh misravasi joe maaraa gayaa thaa, vaha imaad ifaat thaa, joe all-azhar vishvavidyalaya key daar all-ifta all-misariyah school kaa ack varishth maulavi thaa. cabinet bhawan key saamane goli lagane key baad 16 disambar 2011 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee. agale dinn affot key antim sanskar mein, saikadon shoke manaane vaalon ney "sainya shasson key saath neeche" key naare lagaae.
antarrashtriya pratikriya.
virodh pradarshanon key prati antarrashtriya pratikriya shuru mein mishrit thee, halanki adhikansh sarkaaron ney donon pakshon parr shantipurna kaarravaai aur sudhaar kii disha mein kadam uthaane kaa ahwan kiya. adhikansh paschimi deshon ney sthiti key baare mein chinta vyakt kii, aur kaee sarkaaron ney yatra paramarsh jaari kiye aur misra seey apane nagrikon koo nikaalane kaa prayaas kiya.
europeeya sangh key videsh mamalon key pramukh ney kahaa, "main misra key adhikaariyon seey loktaantrik aur samajik-aarthik sudhaaron key liye misra key nagrikon kii vaidh aakaankshaon kaa jawab dene key liye tatkaal ack rachanaatmak aur shantipurna tarika sthaapit karane kaa bhee ahwan kartaa huun."sanyukt raajya america, united kingdam, france aur germany ney samaan bayaan jaari curr sudhaar aur shantipurna pradarshankariyon key khilaf hinsa koo samaapt karane kaa ahwan kiya. iss kshetra key kaee raajyon ney chinta vyakt kii aur mubarak kaa samarthan kiya; saudi arab ney ack bayaan jaari curr virodh pradarshanon kii "kadee ninda" kii, jabaki tunisia aur iran ney unakaa samarthan kiya. israel satark thaa, pradhaan mantri benjamin netanyahu ney apane sarkari mantriyon seey chup rahane key liye kahaa aur israel key sahyogiyon seey rashtrapati mubarak kii aalochana parr ankush lagaane kaa aagrah kiya; haalaanki, ack arab-israeli saansad ney virodh pradarshanon kaa samarthan kiya. pradarshankariyon key liye ekjutata pradarshan duniya bhar mein aayojit kiye gaye they.
gair-sarkari sangathanon ney virodh pradarshanon aur raajya kii bhaari pratikriya key baare mein chinta vyakt kii, jisamen antarrashtriya maafi ney virodh pradarshanon koo hatotsaahit karane key prayason koo "asweekarya" bataaya. kaee desh (yuu. sahit).aiss.israel, britten aur japan) ney yatra chetavani jaari kii yaa apane nagrikon koo nikaalana shuru curr diyaa, aur bahurashtriya nigamon ney pravaasi karmchaariyon koo nikaalana shuru curr diyaa. vishvavidyalaya key kaee chhatron koo bhee nikala gayaa.
post-auster.
kaee rashtron, netaaon aur sangathanon ney mubarak shasson key anta kii sarahana kii, aur tunisia aur lebnan mein samaroh aayojit kiye gaye. german chansler angella mercale aur britten key pradhaanmantri david cameron sahit vishva netaa kranti kii prashansa karane mein shamil hue. yuu.aiss. rashtrapati baraak obama ney misra key logon kii upalabdhi kii prashansa kii aur anya kaaryakartaon koo protsaahit karate hue kahaa, "aaie misra key udaaharan koo dekhein. desh key liye badhati chinta key beach, david cameron misra kii yatra karane vaale pahale vishva netaa they (mubarak key istife key 10 dinn baad). ack samachar blackout hataa liya gayaa thaa kyonki pradhaan mantri carro mein paanch ghante key sankshipt thaharaav key liye utare they, jaldbaji mein madhya poorv key ack niyojit daure kii shuruat mein jodaa gayaa thaa. 15 march koo, sanyukt raajya america key raajya hileri clinton ney misra kaa daura kiya; vaha sarvocch shreni kii yuu thee.aiss. mubarak seey senaa koo satta saunpane key baad seey desh kii yatra karane key liye adhikaari. clinton ney sainya netaaon seey loktaantrik sankraman kii prakriya shuru karane kaa aagrah kiya, pradarshankariyon koo samarthan dene aur donon deshon key beach sambandhon kii pushti karane kaa aagrah kiya.
parinam.
29 janwari koo mubarak ney sanket diyaa kii vaha sarkaar badal denge kyonki "koee vaapsee naheen" key paar honey key bavjood, rashtriya sthirata aur kaanoon aur vyavastha prabal honey chaahiye. unhone kuchh maheene pahale bunny sarkaar koo pada chhodane key liye kahaa aur vaadaa kiya kii ack naee sarkaar banaai jaayegi. mubarak ney misra kii khufiya agency key pramukh, uparaashtrapati aur ahmed shafiq koo pradhaanmantri niyukt kiya. 1 farwari koo unhone kahaa kii way sitambar mein agale chunaav taka karyalaya mein rahenge, aur phir chaley jaayenge. mubarak ney raajneetik sudhaar kaa vaadaa kiya, lekin istife kaa koee prastaav naheen diyaa.
muslim bhaichare ney 30 janwari koo kranti mein shamil hocker senaa seey hastakshep karane aur sabhi vipakshi samoohon seey mubarak key khilaf ekjut honey kaa ahwan kiya. yeh ack antarim sarkaar kaa netritva karane key liye mohammad all baradei koo chunane mein anya vipakshi samoohon mein shamil hoe gayaa.
all-azhar key kaee imam 30 janwari koo poore desh mein pradarshankariyon key saath shamil hoe gaye. isai netaaon ney apani mandaliyon seey pradarshanon mein bhaag naheen lene key liye kahaa, halanki kaee yuva isai karyakarta nae wafed party sadasya raymond laaka key netritva mein virodh pradarshanon mein shamil hoe gaye.
31 janwari koo mubarak ney apane nae mantrimandal mein iss ummeed mein shapath lii kii ashanti cumm hoe jaayegi. tahrir chauk mein pradarshankariyon ney unhein hataane kii maang jaari rakhee, kyonki ack uparaashtrapati aur pradhaanmantri pahale hii niyukt kiye jaa chuke they. unhone naee sarkaar seey subsidy koo sanrakshit karane, mudrasfeeti koo niyantrit karane aur adhik naukariyan pradaan karane key liye kahaa.
1 farwari koo mubarak ney kahaa kii halanki unaki ummidwari kii ghoshana unaki rashtriya loktaantrik party key uchch padasth sadasyon dwara kii gaee thee, lekin unakaa sitambar mein phir seey chunaav ladane kaa irada kabhi naheen thaa. unhone sansad seey sudhaaron key liye kahaah
muslim bhaichare (aim. bee.) sahit vipakshi samoohon ney apani maang dohrai kii mubarak istifa dey dein; virodh pradarshan hinsak honey key baad, aim. bee. ney kahaa kii yeh sainya hastakshep kaa samay thaa. mohammad elbaradei, jinhone kahaa kii vaha ack sankramankalin sarkaar kaa netritva karane key liye taiyar they, ack ekikrit vipaksh seey ack sarvasammati vaale ummidwar they, jisamen 6 aprail kaa yuva andolan shamil thaa, humm sabhi ney kahaa kii andolan, parivartan key liye rashtriya sangh, 25 janwari kaa andolan, kefaya aur muslim bhaichare. elbaradei ney ack "sanchaalan samiti" kaa gathan kiya. 5 farwari koo, chunaavon seey pahale ack sankramankalin avadhi key liye sarkaar aur vipakshi samoohon key beach baatchit shuru hui.
sarkaar ney landan sthit vodafone kii madad seey internet kii pahunch (vipakshi sanchaar kaa ack praathamik saadhan) koo rokte hue media parr nakel kasee. patrakaron koo shasson key samarthakon dwara pareshan kiya gayaa thaa, patrakaron, europeeya deshon aur sanyukt raajya america kii raksha key liye samiti seey ninda kii gaee thee. boing kii sahayak company, naras ney asantushton kii pehchaan karane mein madad karane key liye mubarak sarkari nigrani upkaran beche.
sudhaar.
kranti kii praathamik maangen, joe harr virodh mein kii jaati theen, rotty (naukariyon aur anya bhautik jarooraton key saath), swatantrata, samajik nyaay aur maanav garima theen. inn maangon kii poorti asman aur bahas yogya rahee haye.
mukhya chaar seey utpann maangon mein nimnalikhit shamil hainh
17 farwari koo, ack misra key abhiyojak ney teen poorv mantriyon (aantarik mantri habib all-adali, paryatan mantri juheir garaana aur awas mantri ahmed all-magrabi) aur ispat key diggaj ahmed aij koo saarvajanik dhana barbad karane key liye lambit mukadame key liye hirasat mein lene kaa adesh diyaa. ack vyavasaayi dwara unake vyaktigat khaate mein ($680,000) seey adhik key hastaantaran key aaropon key baad lock abhiyojak ney adli aur unake parivaar key baink khaaton koo jabt curr diyaa. videsh mantri seey anurodh kiya gayaa thaa kii way anya prativaadiyon key khaaton koo freeze karane key liye europeeya deshon seey sampark karein.
usa dinn, sanyukt raajya america ney ghoshana kii kii vaha misra koo loktantra kii or sankraman mein madad karane key liye 150 million dollar kii sahaayata dega. yuu.aiss. raajya hileri clinton key sachiv ney kahaa kii villium jey. burns (raajneetik mamalon key liye raajya key avar sachiv) aur david lipton (antarrashtriya arthshastra parr ack varishth white house salaahkaar) agale saptah misra kii yatra karenge.
19 farwari koo ack udaarvaadi islami party, all-vasaat all-zadeed (naee kendra party), koo antatah misra kii ack adalat dwara maanyata dee gaee. party kii sthaapana 1996 mein una kaaryakartaon dwara kii gaee thee joe muslim bhaichare seey alag hoe gaye they aur ack sahishnu, udaar islami andolan banaane kii maang kii thee, lekin ack aadhikarik party key roop mein panjikrit karane key isake chaar prayason koo khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. usa dinn, pradhaanmantri ahmed shafique ney yeh bhee kahaa kii 222 raajneetik kaidiyon koo riha curr diyaa jaayega. shafique ney kahaa kii vidroh key dauran kewal kuchh hii logon koo hirasat mein liya gayaa thaa; unhone shesh raajneetik kaidiyon kii sankhya 487 rakhee, lekin yeh naheen bataaya kii unhein kaba riha kiya jaayega. 20 farwari koo, ack karyakarta aur kaanoon key professor ney television parr upa pradhaan mantri kaa pada sweekaar kiya. agale dinn, muslim bhaichare ney ghoshana kii kii vaha agami sansadiya chunaav key liye saad ketatni key netritva mein ack raajneetik dall, swatantrata aur nyaay dall banaayega. ack pravakta ney kahaa, "jaba humm kranti key naaron-swatantrata, samajik nyaay, samaantaa key baare mein baat karate hain-tou yeye sabhi shariya (islami kaanoon) mein hain."
3 march koo, pradhaanmantri shafique ney sashastr balon kii sarvocch parishad koo apana istifa saunp diyaa. scaff ney ack poorv parivahan mantri aur 2006 key kalyub rail durghatana key baad unake istife key baad shasson key mukhar aalochak assum sharaf koo shafiq koo badalane aur ack naee sarkaar banaane key liye niyukt kiya. sharaf kii niyukti koo pradarshankariyon key liye ack riyayat key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, kyonki vaha tehrir chauk mein honey vaale karyakramon mein sakriya roop seey shamil thaa. sharaf ney poorv antarrashtriya nyayalaya key nyayadhish nabil elarabi koo videsh mantri aur mansoor ell esavi koo aantarik mantri niyukt kiya.
16 aprail koo uchch prashaasnik adalat ney poorv sattaaroodh rashtriya loktaantrik party (aine. dee. pee.) koo bhang curr diyaa, aur isake dhana aur sampatti koo sarkaar koo hastaantarit karane kaa adesh diyaa. 24 maee koo yeh ghoshana kii gaee thee kii hosni mubarak aur unake bete, gamaal aur alaa, kranti key dauran sarkaar virodhi pradarshankariyon kii mauton key liye jimmedaar honge.
pareekshan.
mubarak key istife key baad pradarshankariyon kii maut, 5,000 seey adhik ghayal honey, gaban, munafakhori, dhana shodhan aur manvadhikaron key hanan key aaropon mein uchch-profile vyaktiyon kii giraftari aur yatra pratibandh kii ack shrinkhala hui. jinn logon parr aarop lagaae gaye they, unamen mubarak, unaki patni suzain, unake bete gamaal aur alaa, poorv aantarik mantri habib all-adali, poorv awas mantri ahmed all-magrabi, poorv paryatan mantri zohirana aur rashtriya loktaantrik party key sangathanaatmak mamalon key poorv sachiv ahmed aij shamil they. mubarak key nishkasana key baad anya sarkari adhikaariyon aur varishth raajnetaon key khilaf bhrashtachar key aarop lagey. 28 farwari 2011 koo, misra key sheersh abhiyojak ney mubarak aur unake parivaar parr sampatti jabt karane kaa adesh diyaa. isake baad giraftari warrant, yatra pratibandh aur anya saarvajanik hastiyon key liye sampatti jabt kii gaee, jisamen poorv sansad adhyaksh faati soror aur shoora parishad key poorv adhyaksh safwat ell sheriff shamil they. kranti key prakop parr desh chhodane vaali saarvajanik hastiyon dwara vittiya durupyog key liye giraftari warrant jaari kiye gaye they, jinamen poorv vyaapaar aur udyog mantri racheed mohammad racheed aur vyavasaayi hussain salem shamil they; maanaa jaataa thaa kii salem dubai bhaag gaye they. abhiyukt adhikaariyon key khilaf mukadama 5 march 2011 koo shuru huaa, jaba poorv aantarik mantri habib all-adali carro mein geezaa aaparaadhik adalat mein pesh hue.
march 2011 mein misra key sabse prasiddh raajneetik kaidiyon mein seey ack, abood all-zumaar koo 30 saal baad riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa. misra key islami jihad key sansthaapak aur pahale ameer, unhein 6 octuber 1981 koo anwar saadat kii hatyaa mein fansaaya gayaa thaa.
24 maee koo, mubarak koo kranti key dauran shantipurna pradarshankariyon kii poorv niyojit hatyaa key aarop mein mukadama chalaane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa; yadi doshi thaharaaya jaataa haye, tou usey maut kii sajaa kaa saamana karna parh sakata haye. lock abhiyojak dwara jaari aaropon kii soochi, "jaanboojhkar hatyaa, kuchh pradarshankariyon kii hatyaa kaa prayaas" thee... prabhaav kaa durupyog aur jaanboojhkar saarvajanik dhana barbad karna aur avaidh roop seey niji vittiya laabh aur laabh kamaana.
vishleshan.
kshetriya asthirta.
misra aur tunisian kraantiyon ney vidroh kii lahar koo janm diyaa, jisamen madhya poorv aur uttar africa mein pradarshan faile. algeria, bahreen, iran, jorden, libia, morakko, yaman aur seeriya mein badey virodh pradarshan hue aur iraq, kuwait, mauritania, oman, saudi arab, somalia aur sudan mein mamuli pradarshan hue.
misra mein misra key virodh dharm-adharit rajneeti key ird-gird naheen they, balki raashtravaad aur samajik chetna key ird-gird kendrit they. vidroh seey pahale, arab duniya mein sabse achchha sangathit aur sabse pramukh vipakshi andolan aamtaur parr islami sangathanon seey aatey they, jinake sadasya prerit they aur balidan karane key liye taiyar they. haalaanki, dharmnirpeksh shaktiyaan kranti seey ubhari joe dhaarmik samoohon key saath saajha siddhanton kaa samarthan karati hainh swatantrata, samajik nyaay aur garima. islami sangathan kaam karane kii adhik swatantrata key saath ubhare. halanki sahakaari, antar-dhaarmik kranti kii koee guaranti naheen thee kii isake baad pakshapaatpurna rajneeti phir seey naheen ubharegi, isaki safalata bauddhik thaharaav (dashakon key daman dwara banaae gaye) seey ack badalaav kaa pratinidhitva karati haye jisane aadhunikta aur islamvad koo ack dusare key khilaf khadaa curr diyaa. islamvadiyon aur dharmnirpekshtavadiyon koo samaaj mein islam aur shariya kii bhoomika, bolane kii swatantrata aur mukhya roop seey muslim aabaadi parr dharmnirpekshata key prabhaav jaise vishayon parr samvaad key nae avsaron kaa saamana karna parh rhaa haye.
kranti key aspas ashawad key bavjood, tippanikaron ney desh aur kshetra mein islami taakton key liye shakti aur prabhaav mein vriddhi key jokhim aur desh key liye vibhinn samoohon, vichardharaon aur drishtikon koo ekikrit karane mein kathinaaee key baare mein chinta vyakt kii. patrakaar carolin glick ney likhaa kii misra kii kranti ney dhaarmik kattarpanth aur aatankvaad key samarthan mein vriddhi kaa purvanuman lagaaya, 2010 key ack pyu janmat sarvekshan kaa hawala dete hue paaya kii misra key logon ney adhuniktawad parr islamvadiyon kaa dou-seey-ack antar seey samarthan kiya. ack anya patrakaar, shlomo bayne-ammy ney kahaa kii misra kaa sabse durjeya kaary arab duniya key puraane pratimaan kaa khandan karna thaa joe shasanon key damankari, dharmnirpeksh tanashahi yaa damankari dharmtantron key liye ekmatra vikalp dekhta haye. bayne-amee ney kahaa kii islam samaaj kaa ack kendriya hissa honey key kaaran, koee bhee ubharata huaa shasson dharm key anuroop honah taya haye. unake vichaar mein, ack aisaa loktantra joe saarvajanik jeevan (jaisa kii france mein) seey sabhi dharmon koo baahar curr detaa haye, misra mein safal hoe sakata haye lekin koee bhee vaastavik arab loktantra raajneetik islam kii bhagidari koo aswikar naheen curr sakata haye.
kranti key baad seey islami dalon (jaise kii muslim bhaichare) ney loktaantrik paridrishya mein majboot kiya haye, jisase samvaidhaanik parivartan, matadaata jutaane aur virodh pradarshan hue hain. yeh dharmnirpeksh aur yuva andolanon kii chinta thee, joe chaahte they kii chunaav baad mein aayojit kiye jaaen taaki way pahale seey hii suvyavasthit samoohon taka pahunch sakein. chunaav sitambar 2011 mein hue they, jisamen swatantrata aur nyaay (muslim bhaichare kii party) ney 48.5 pratishat vote jeete they. 2014 mein oopari misra mein, kaee samachar patron ney bataaya kii oopari misra apane jeevan star mein sudhaar key liye desh key baaki hisson seey alag honah chaahata thaa.
alexandria church bambari.
nae saal key dinn 2011 kii shuruat mein ack alekjendar church key saamane ack bumm visfot huaa, jisamen 23 coptic isai maare gaye. misra key adhikaariyon ney kahaa kii hamale key peechhe "videshi tatva" they. anya sroton kaa daavaa haye kii bumm mein kewal 21 loga maare gaye aur 70 seey adhik ghayal hoe gaye. kuchh pulis vaalon ney misra kii sarkaar parr laparwahi kaa aarop lagaaya; hamale key baad, kaee isaaiyon ney sadakon parr virodh pradarshan kiya (baad mein musalman shamil hue). pulis key saath jhadap key baad, alexandaria aur carro mein pradarshankariyon ney isaaiyon aur musalmaanon key beach ekataa key samarthan mein mubarak key shasson kii ninda karate hue naare lagaae. rashtriya suraksha balon dwara nirash kiye jaane kii unaki bhavna koo 25 janwari key vidroh koo janm dene vaali pahali shikayaton mein seey ack key roop mein uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa.
7 farwari koo habib all-adali (virodh pradarshan key shuruati dinon key dauran sarkaar koo bhang karane taka key grih mantri) key khilaf ack shikayat darj kii gaee thee, jisamen una parr hamale kaa nirdeshan karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa.
mahilaaon kii bhoomika.
misra kii mahilaaen kranti mein sakriya roop seey bhaag leey rahee hain, usee tarah jaise unhone pichhale kuchh varshon mein hadtaal andolan mein sakriya bhoomika nibhai, kaee mamalon mein purushon parr hadtaal mein shamil honey key liye dabaav daala. misra mein pahale key virodh pradarshanon mein, mahilaaon kii sankhya kewal lagbhag 10 pratishat thee, lekin muhrak key patan seey pahale key dinon mein tehrir chauk parr unakaa hissa lagbhag 40 seey 50 pratishat thaa. mahilaaon ney, binaa ghoonghat key, chauk kii raksha mein bhaag liya, barricades lagaae, bahas kaa netritva kiya, naare lagaae aur purushon key saath milkar apani zaan jokhim mein daali. kuchh ney virodh pradarshanon mein bhaag liya, samachar clip aur facebook manchon parr upasthit they aur misra kii kranti key dauran kranti key netritva kaa hissa they. tahrir chauk mein, mahila pradarshankariyon (kuchh bachchon key saath) ney virodh pradarshan kaa samarthan kiya. tahrir chauk mein pradarshankariyon kii vividhata una mahilaaon mein dikhaai dee jinhone bhaag liya; kaee logon ney sir parr scarf aur dhaarmik roodhivaad key anya sanket pahane they, jabaki anya logon ney kissy dost koo choomane yaa saarvajanik roop seey sigaret peene key liye swatantra mahsoos kiya. mahilaaon ney virodh pradarshan aur ghatnaaon kii soochana dee; mahila blogger, jaise kii leal zahara mortada, duniya koo tahirir chauk aur anya jagahon parr honey vaali ghatnaaon key baare mein soochit karke durvyavahar yaa karawas kaa jokhim uthaati hain. marane vaalon mein saili zahran bhee shamil thaa, jise pradarshanon mein seey ack key dauran peeta gayaa thaa. nassa ney kathit taur parr zahran key sammaan mein apane ack mangal anveshan antariksh yaan kaa naam rakhane kii yojana banaai.
virodh pradarshanon mein misra kii mahilaaon kii bhagidari aur yogdan kaa shreya iss tathya koo diyaa gayaa thaa kii kaee (vishesh roop seey yuva mahilaaen) pichhali peedhiyon kii tulanaa mein behtar shikshit theen aur misra key vishvavidyalaya key aadhe seey adhik chhatron kaa pratinidhitva karati theen. yeh mahilaaon key liye ack sashaktikaran kaarak haye, joe saarvajanik roop seey adhik upasthit aur sakriya hoe gaee hain. soshal media key aagaman ney mahilaaon koo virodh netaa banane key liye ack upkaran bhee pradaan kiya.
senaa kii bhoomika.
misra key sashastr balon koo shuru mein pulis kii tulanaa mein behtar saarvajanik pratishtha millie; poorv koo desh kii raksha karane vaale ack peshevar nikaay key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, aur baad vaale parr pranaaleegat bhrashtachar aur kanunvihin hinsa kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, jaba misra kaa "vaastavik" shaasak banane key baad pradarshankariyon parr lathicharge kiya gayaa tou senaa kii lokpriyata cumm hoe gaee. 1950 key dashak seey sabhi chaar misra key rashtrapatiyon kii sainya prishthabhoomi haye. misra key pramukh sainya karmiyon mein raksha mantri mohammad hussain tantawi aur sashastr balon key pramukh karmchari saami haafez enan shamil hain. misra kii sainya sankhya lagbhag 468,500 sakriya karmi, aur 479,000 kaa ack aarakshit kshetra.
misra key sashastr balon key pramukh key roop mein, tantawi koo "vriddh aur parivartan-pratirodhi" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye aur yeh puraane shasson seey judaa huaa haye. unhone raksha mantri key roop mein apane pada kaa upayog aarthik aur raajneetik sudhaar kaa virodh karane key liye kiya haye, jise unhone kendriya pradhikaran koo kamjor karate hue dekhaa haye. anya pramukh hastiyaan (saami haafez aanaan pramukh) yuva hain, jinka yuu seey nikat sambandh haye.aiss. aur musalman bhaichare. misra aur americi sainya pratishthanon key beach sambandhon kaa ack mahatvapurna pahalu misra koo pradaan kii jaane vaali vaarshik sainya sahaayata mein $1.3 billion haye, joe americi nirmit sainya upkaranon key liye bhugtan kartaa haye aur misra key adhikaariyon koo yuu. aiss. mein prashikshit karane kii anumati detaa haye.aiss. iss sahaayata package kii guaranti, sattaaroodh scaff sudhaar key liye pratirodhi haye. ack vishleshak, senaa kii roodhivaadita koo sweekaar karate hue kahata haye kii usake paas loktantrikaran koo suvidhajanak banaane key alawa koee vikalp naheen haye. ise paschim key saath achche sambandh jaari rakhane key liye apani raajneetik bhoomika koo seemit karna hoga, aur ack vaastavik loktantra mein islami bhagidari koo pratibandhit naheen curr sakata haye.
mubarak key patan key baad seey senaa ney misra kii kranti parr hinsak kaarravaai kaa netritva kiya haye. 9 march 2011 koo sainya pulis ney hinsak roop seey tahrir chauk mein ack dharna-pradarshan koo titar-bitar curr diyaa, pradarshankariyon koo giraftar kiya aur prataadit kiya. saat mahila pradarshankariyon koo jabaran kaumarya pareekshan key adheen kiya gayaa. 8 aprail 2011 kii raat key dauran sainya pulis ney pradarshankariyon aur sahanubhutipurna sainya adhikaariyon dwara tahirir chauk mein ack dharna parr hamla kiya, jisamen cumm seey cumm ack kii maut hoe gaee. 9 octuber koo misra kii senaa ney sashastr kaarmik vaahakon key tahat pradarshankariyon koo kuchal diyaa aur maspero television bhawan key saamane ack pradarshan mein golaa-barud koo maar daala, jisamen cumm seey cumm 24 loga maare gaye. 19 navambar koo senaa aur pulis shahar key carro aur alexandaria kii sadakon parr pradarshankariyon key saath lagaatar chhah dinn kii ladaai mein luggy rahee, jisamen lagbhag 40 loga maare gaye aur 2,000 seey adhik ghayal hoe gaye. 16 disambar 2011 koo sainya balon ney mantriyon key mantrimandal kii imarat parr dharna diyaa, jisamen 17 loga maare gaye. sainikon ney seedhe golaa-barud daage aur chhat seey cocktail, chattanon aur anya misaailon seey hamla kiya.
videshi sambandhon parr prabhaav.
paschim mein videshi sarkaaren (yuu sahit.aiss.) mubarak koo israel-philistine shaanti vaarta mein ack mahatvapurna sahayogi aur samarthak key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa. 1948, 1956, 1967 aur 1973 mein israel key saath yuddh key baad, misra ney 1979 mein ack shaanti sandhi parr hastakshar kiye (arab duniya mein vivaad koo ukasaate hue). 1978 key shivir david samjhaute (jisake kaaran shaanti sandhi hui) key anusaar, israel aur misra koo sanyukt raajya seey salana arabon dollar kii sahaayata milati haye; misra koo aarthik aur vikas sahaayata key alawa harr saal hamein $1.3 billion seey adhik kii sainya sahaayata milati haye. juan coley key anusaar kaee misra key yuvaaon ney mubarak dwara upekshit mahsoos kiya, yeh mahsoos karate hue kii unhone paschim key hiton koo unake hiton seey aage rakhaa. gaaja patti kii nakabandi koo lagu karane mein misra key shasson kaa sahyog misra kii janata key saath bahut alokpriya thaa.
online sakriyata aur soshal media.
6 aprail yuva andolan (arabeeh حرکۃ شب 6 أبرئیل) ack misra kaa facebook samooh haye joe vasant 2008 mein ell-mahalla ell-kubra, ack audyogik shahar mein shramikon kaa samarthan karane key liye shuru kiya gayaa thaa, joe 6 aprail koo hadtaal karane kii yojana banaa rahey they.
kaaryakartaon ney pratibhagiyon seey hadtaal key dinn kaalaa pahanane aur ghar parr rahane kaa ahwan kiya. blogger aur nagrik patrakaron ney hadtaal parr report karane, pulis gatividhi key baare mein apane network koo sachet karane, kanuni suraksha kaa ayojan karane aur apane prayason kii or dhyaan aakarshit karane key liye facebook, tweeter, flicker, blogg aur anya media upkaranon kaa upayog kiya. "dha newyork times" ney ise sabse gatishil bahason key saath misra mein raajneetik facebook samooh kahaa haye. march 2012 mein isamen 325,000 mukhya roop seey yuva aur sadasya they, joe pahale raajneetik roop seey nishkriya they, jinaki chintaon mein abhivyakti kii swatantrata, sarkaar mein bhaai-bhatijawad aur desh kii sthir arthavyavastha shamil thee. unake facebook munch mein gahan aur garamagaram charchaaen hoti hain, aur aksar adyatan kii jaati hain.
humm sabhi koo kahaa jaataa haye kii yeh ack facebook samooh haye joe kahaa gayaa haye kii pitai aur maut key baad banaa haye. samooh ney duniya bhar mein saikadon hajaaron sadasyon koo aakarshit kiya, joe badhate asantosh koo failaane (aur dhyaan aakarshit karane) mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibha rahey they. jaise hii virodh shuru huaa, googal karyakari vail ghonim ney khulasa kiya kii vaha khaate key peechhe thaa. baad mein unhein kuchh dinon key liye hirasat mein leey liya gayaa jaba taka kii sarkaar kuchh jaankaari praapt karane mein saksham naheen hoe gaee jisaki unhein aavashyakta thee. usa vishay key aspas kaee sawal reh gaye they, koee bhee vaastav mein samajh naheen paaya kii vaastav mein kyaa huaa thaa yaa kyaa kahaa gayaa thaa. kranti key baad scaff sadasyon key saath ack tv sakshatkar mein, abdul rahman mansoor (ack bhoomigat karyakarta aur media visheshagya) koo ghonim key saath khaate koo saajha karane key roop mein khulasa kiya gayaa thaa. ack aur online yogdan asma mahfauz dwara kiya gayaa thaa, ack karyakarta jisane logon koo saarvajanik roop seey virodh karane key liye chunauti dene vaalaa ack video post kiya thaa. facebook ney pahale samooh koo nilambit curr diyaa thaa kyonki kuchh prashaasak chhadm naamon kaa upayog curr rahey they, joe company kii seva kii sharton kaa ullanghan thaa.
soshal media kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya gayaa haye. jaisa kii ack misra key karyakarta ney virodh pradarshan key dauran tweet kiya, "humm virodh pradarshanon koo nirdhaarit karane key liye facebook, samanvaya key liye tweeter aur duniya koo bataane key liye youtube kaa upayog karate hain."internet censorship bhee vyaapak rahee haye, kuchh mamalon mein poore deshon koo vastutah offline karane kii seema taka.
facebook, tweeter aur blogging ney vidroh failaane mein madad kii. misra key vyavasaayi khalid ney kahaa kii juuna 2010 mein pulis ney kathit taur parr misra kii pulis koo ack maadak padaarth kii loot koo saajha karate hue ack video post karane key badale mein usaki pitai curr dee thee. vail ghonim key smaarak facebook pays ney kahaa kii 400,000 seey adhik anuyaayi badh gaye, ack online kshetra banaaya jahan pradarshankari aur sarkaar seey asantusht loga ikattha hoe sakate they aur sangathit curr sakate they. prishth ney 25 janwari koo virodh pradarshan kaa ahwan kiya, jise baad mein "krodh kaa dinn" key roop mein jaanaa gayaa. apane desh mein hatyaa aur bhrashtachar seey apana asantosh dikhaane key liye saikadon hajaaron pradarshankariyon ney sadakon parr paani bhar diyaa. ghonim koo 28 janwari koo jail mein daal diyaa gayaa aur 12 dinn baad riha curr diyaa gayaa.
misra key karyakarta aur 6 aprail key yuva andolan key sadasya asma mahfoz ney ack video post kiya jisamen misra key logon seey aagrah kiya gayaa kii way unase tahirir chauk parr milein, sarkaar key khilaf uthein aur loktantra kii maang karein. video mein, unhone una chaar pradarshankariyon key baare mein baat kii jinhone 30 saal kii garibi aur ksharan key virodh mein khud koo jalaa liya thaa. 24 janwari koo mahfauz ney virodh key samarthan mein kiye gaye prayason seey sambandhit ack aur video post kiya, jisamen poster chhaapane seey laker flyer banaane taka shamil they. video facebook aur phir youtube parr post kiye gaye they. unake antim video post key agale dinn, saikadon hajaaron misravasi virodh mein sadakon parr utar aae.
25 janwari 2011 key baad seey, video (jisamen ack buri tarah seey peeta gayaa khaled bhee shamil haye, pulis key iss daave koo galat bataate hue kii usane dumm ghutane seey maut curr dee thee), tweets aur facebook tippaniyon ney duniya koo misra kii sthiti seey avagat karaaya haye. ameer allie una tarikon kaa dastavejikaran karate hain jinamen misra key kaaryakartaon, misra kii hastiyon aur videshon mein raajneetik hastiyon dwara virodh pradarshanon koo badhaava dene key liye soshal media kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
abb loktantra! patrakaar sharif abdel caudos ney virodh pradarshanon key dauran tahrir chauk seey live coverage aur tweet pradaan kiye, aur virodh pradarshanon key baare mein jagrukta badhaane key liye soshal media kaa upayog karane kaa shreya diyaa gayaa. misra key vidroh mein soshal media kii bhoomika parr dubai bahas key pahale sanskaran mein bahas huih "maark zuckerberg-arab logon kaa nayaa naayak?"ameer allie ney tark diyaa haye kii misra kii kranti key aadhar parr, soshal media vikaasheel deshon mein ack prabhaavi upkaran hoe sakata haye.
arab spring parr soshal networking key prabhaav koo cumm karane vaale aalochak kaee binduon kaa hawala dete hainh
kuchh pradarshankariyon ney soshal media key upayog koo hatotsaahit kiya. kaise samajhadaari seey virodh karna haye" sheershak seey ack anaam karyakarta samooh dwara vyaapak roop seey prasaarit ack parcha (arabeeh κιφ λαθγαj βσται)), pathakon seey kahaa kii "tweeter yaa facebook yaa anya websites kaa upayog naa karein kyonki una sabhi kii nigrani aantarik mantralaya dwara kii jaa rahee haye.
television, vishesh roop seey "all jazira angreji" aur bee. bee. see. samachar dwara live coverage, kranti key liye mahatvapurna thaa; camers ney tahirir chauk mein sarkaar dwara saamoohik hinsa koo rokane key liye pradarshan pradaan kiya (libia mein live coverage kii kamee aur adhik vyaapak hinsa key vipareet). iska upayog misra kii sarkaar kii hinsa koo chitrit karane key saath-saath kaee alag-alag madhyamon key madhyam seey kranti key liye samarthan banaane key liye mahatvapurna thaa. ack taraf soshal media youtube, facebook aur tweeter key madhyam seey minut darr minut update dey rhaa thaa, aur doosari taraf mukhyadhara key media kaa upayog misra mein honey vaale samagr vikas key baare mein vyaapak darshakon koo report karane key liye thaa. pradarshankariyon kii ack hii kshetra (live coverage key saath) parr apane pradarshanon koo kendrit karane kii kshamata misra mein maulik thee, lekin libia, bahreen aur seeriya mein asambhav thee, chaahe soshal-media kaa upayog kuchh bhee hoe. ack soshal-media visheshagya ney 11 farwari 2011 koo hashtag #jan25 key saath sandeshon kaa ack network shuru kiya, jaba mubarak key istife kii ghoshana kii gaee thee.
soshal media ney misra key baahar key logon seey krantikariyon key liye ekjutata hassil karane mein madad kii. yeh "laakhon logon kaa march", "videshon mein misra kii aavaaj", "misra key samarthan mein videshon mein misra key loga" aur "nae sanyukt arab raajyon" jaise andolanon key madhyam seey spasht haye, jinaki sthaapana tweeter aur facebook key dayare mein kranti key dauran hui thee.
patrakaarita key vidwan heather ford ney kranti key sambandh mein wikipedia lekh mein infobox aur cleanup template key upayog kaa adhyayan kiya. forde kaa daavaa haye kii wikipedia sampadakon dwara infobox aur cleanup tagg kaa upayog "bespocan-code" key uddeshyon key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. inn tatvon kaa upayog karke, sampadakon ney kranti key pahale 18 dinon mein samachar kathaa koo aakar diyaa. ford ney charcha prishth aur prishth key sampadanon key itihas kaa upayog kiya. vaha dikhaati haye kii kaise raajneetik cartoonon koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur kaise hatahaton kii sankhya garamagaram bahas kaa srot bunn gaee. unakaa shodh udaaharan detaa haye kii kaise sampadakon ney lekh parr kaam koo samanvit aur prathamikta dee, lekin yeh bhee kii sahayogi patrakaarita key madhyam seey raajneetik ghatnaaon kaa pratinidhitva kaise kiya jaataa haye.
28 janwari 2011 koo media vyavadhaan kii bhoomika.
28 janwari kii subah key samay mubarak shasson ney poore desh mein internet aur cell phone network koo bund curr diyaa. yeh media bund sambhavatah 28 janwari koo pradarshankariyon kii sankhya mein visfot honey key karanon mein seey ack thaa.
jabaki shasson ney media koo baadhit kiya, logon koo sthaaniya star parr aamane-saamane sanchaar mein sanlagn honey kii aavashyakta thee, jisaki shasson nigrani yaa niyantran naheen curr sakata thaa. aisee sthiti mein yeh adhik sambhavana haye kii kattarpanthi apane padosiyon koo prabhaavit karenge, joe soshal media mein pradarshit janmat koo dekhane mein saksham naheen hain, isaliye inn logon key nagrik ashanti mein bhee shamil honey kii adhik sambhavana haye.
iss dushchakra koo saamoohik vyavhaar key ack seema model key madhyam seey samajhaaya jaa sakata haye, jisamen kahaa gayaa haye kii yadi loga apane network (padosiyon, doston, aadi) key ander anya logon key jokhim bharey karyon mein sanlagn honey kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain.) kaarravaai kii haye. kattarpanthiyon kii ack chhoti see seema hoti haye aur soochana blackout key dauran nae network banaane kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye, joe logon koo prabhaavit karati haye.
media aur sanchaar koo baadhit karane key 2 mukhya parinam theh isane logon kii sthaaniya gatishilata mein vriddhi kii aur kattarpanthiyon koo sashakt kiya jinhone apane aspas key vatavaran koo prabhaavit kiya, jisake parinamswarup virodh pradarshanon mein vriddhi hui.
28 janwari key dauran sthaaniya jutaav mein vriddhi ney badee sankhya mein araajnaitik misriyon koo kaarravaai mein dhakel diyaa, yaa tou mobile sanchaar key abhaav mein apane doston aur parivaar kii dekhbhal karane key liye yaa bund key baare mein shikayat karane key liye, jisake parinamswarup naa kewal carro mein badey virodh pradarshan hue. iss beach, mubarak shasson soshal media key madhyam seey pradarshankariyon koo sambhaavit khatare seey avagat karaane mein asamarth thaa aur isaliye iss madhyam seey bheed koo rokane mein asamarth thaa, jisase virodh pradarshan aage fail gayaa.
uttar-krantikari kalaa.
25 janwari kii kranti aur agale maheene hosni mubarak key patan ney ack nae kalaatmak yug kii shuruat kii joe ack badale hue samajik aur raajneetik vatavaran koo darshaata haye; "kranti ney ack naee saarvajanik sanskriti koo janm diyaa. isaki shuruat seey, kalakaron ney virodh pradarshanon mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai; sadak kalaa aur sangeet ("electro" yaa "techno shaabi") kaa upayog saarvajanik sanskriti koo banaane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. kalakaron ney online aur aamane-saamane samajik network key madhyam seey apani kalaa kaa vitaran karate hue kranti key saar koo pralekhit aur kaid kiya.

