yugen during

yugen carle during (12 janwari 1833, berlin 21 sitambar 1921, aadhunik potsdam-bablesburg mein nauaves, 88 varsh kii ayu mein) ack german daarshanik, pratyakshavaadi, arthashastri aur samajwadi they joe markswad key ack majboot aalochak they.
jeevan aur kaary.
during kaa janm berlin, prussia mein huaa thaa. kanuni shiksha key baad unhone 1859 taka berlin mein ack vakeel key roop mein abhyaas kiya. aankho kii ack kamjori, joe poori tarah seey andhepan mein samaapt hoe gaee, ney unaki padhaai shuru curr dee, jisase unakaa naam abb judaa huaa haye. 1864 mein, vaha berlin vishvavidyalaya key shikshak bunn gaye, lekin professor key saath jhagade key parinamswarup, 1874 mein padhaane key liye unake licenses seey vanchit curr diye gaye.
unaki kritiyon mein (1865); (1865); (1865); (1869); (1872), unaki sabse safal kritiyon mein seey ack; (1873); (1875), jiska baad key sanskaran mein sheershak haye; (1878); aur (1883) hain. unhone (1881, "yahudi prashn ack nasleeya, naitik aur saanskritik prashn key roop mein") bhee prakaashit kiya.
unhone 1882 mein apani aatmakatha koo sheershak key tahat prakaashit kiya; ('dushmanon') kaa ullekh visheshta haye. during kaa darshan dridhata seey vaastaviktaa kaa darshan honey kaa daavaa kartaa haye. vaha harr usa cheej kii ninda karane mein bhavuk haye joe rahasyavaad kii tarah vaastaviktaa koo chhipaane kii koshish karati haye. itihaaskaar carlton jey key shabdon mein way hain. aich. hays "dharm key khilaf apane krodh mein lagbhag lucatian" joe brahmand key rahasya koo hamari seedhi nazar seey hataa dega. dharm key liye unakaa vikalp kaee binduon mein auguste comte aur ludwig aur riyas fearbatch key samaan ack siddhant haye, jinamen seey poorv mein vaha apane bhavatmakta seey milata-julata haye.
kahaa jaataa haye kii during key aarthik vichaar kaafee hudd taka taley hue logon kii soochi seey praapt hotey hain. anya mamalon parr, vishesh roop seey yahoodiyon key prati unake drishtikon parr, donon logon kii raay bahut alag thee.
socha.
vaha apane poore currier mein shopenhower seey "gaharaai seey" prabhaavit they. ack lekhak key roop mein unaki pahali upasthiti key baad during kii raay kaafee badal gaee. unakaa pahala kaam, ("praakritik dwandwa"), poori tarah seey aalochanatmak darshan kii bhavna mein haye. baad mein, pratyakshvaad kii or apane andolan mein, ("darshan kaa mahatvapurna itihas") key prakaashan seey shuru karate hue, vaha emmanuel kaant key nomenon seey ghatana key algaav koo khariz curr dete hain aur daavaa karate hain kii hamari buddhi poori vaastaviktaa koo samajhane mein saksham haye. cheejon key liye vichaar kii yeh paryaptata isaliye haye kyonki brahmand mein ack vaastaviktaa haye, i.ee. baat. yeh mahatvapurna haye kii hamein sachet aur bhautik donon sthitiyon key spashteekaran kii talash karni chaahiye. lekin padaarth koo, usaki pranali mein, samanya arth key saath naheen samajha jaanaa haye, balki sabhi sachet aur bhautik astitva key aadhar key roop mein ack gahare arth key saath samajha jaanaa haye; aur iss prakaar honey key niyamon koo vichaar key niyamon key saath pahachaana jaataa haye. iss aadarshvaadi pranali mein during koo teleology key liye jagah milati haye. prakriti kaa anta, vaha maanata haye, chetan praniyon kii ack jaati kaa utpaadan haye. teleology mein apane vishvaas seey vaha dard kii goodhata seey vichalit naheen hotaa haye. ack dridh ashawadi key roop mein, vaha daavaa kartaa haye kii dard kaa astitva anand koo sachet raahat mein daalane key liye haye.
naitikta mein, during sahaanubhooti koo naitikta kii neenv banaane mein auguste comte kaa anusaran kartaa haye. raajneetik darshan mein, vaha ack naitik saamyvaad sikhaate hain aur samajik darwinwad key herbert spensor key siddhant parr hamla karate hain. arthshastra mein, unhein americi lekhak aich key prati unake samarthan seey jaanaa jaataa haye. see. carrie, joe usey apane moolya key siddhant seey aakarshit kartaa haye, joe poonjipatiyon aur majdooron key hiton key antim sadbhaav kaa sujhaav detaa haye; aur rashtriya raajneetik arthavyavastha key apane siddhant seey bhee, joe iss aadhar parr sanrakshan kii vakaalat kartaa haye kii logon kii naitikta aur sanskriti koo badhaava diyaa jaataa haye, isaki apani seemaon key bheetar udyog kii poori pranali honey seey. unaki deshbhakti teevra haye, lekin sankeern aur ananya haye. unhone fredrick dha grate koo aadarsh maanaa, aur yahoodiyon, yoonaniyon aur cosmopolitan goethe kii ninda kii. unake lekhan koo spasht aur teekha bataaya gayaa haye, "halanki ahankar aur durbhavana seey vikrit, viphalataaen joe unake shaaririk duhkh key aadhar parr badh sakati hain."
apane poore jeevan mein, during ack ugra yahudi virodhi thaa aur germany mein nasleeya yahudi-virodhi key pahale prastavakon mein seey ack thaa. 1881 mein during kaa parcha "dye judenfrase all races-, sitten-unn culterfrase (nasl, naitikta aur sanskriti key prashn key roop mein yahudi prashn)" prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh ack raajneetik andolan key roop mein yahudi-virodhi koo ack javic, aitihaasik aur daarshanik neenv dene kaa ack chhadm-vaigyaanik prayaas thaa. unhone wilhelm maar key samaan "yahudi prashn" koo ack apratirodhya nasleeya virodh kii abhivyakti key roop mein varnit kiya, aur khule taur parr yahudi prashn key samadhan key roop mein yahoodiyon kii "hatyaa aur unmoolan" kii vakaalat kii.
viraasat.
unhein mukhya roop seey angreji bolane vaalon key beach yaad kiya jaataa haye kyonki angreji mein unake vichaaron kii aalochanah vigyaan mein hair yugen during kii kranti. engels ney during key vichaaron key virodh mein likhaa, jisamen german samajik loktantravadiyon key beach kuchh shishya paae gaye they. vaha usa yug key samaajvaad key sabse pramukh pratinidhi bhee hain jinn parr neetshe ney apane baad key karyon mein hamla kiya thaa. yahudi prashn parr unake kaam key alawa, during kaa adhikansh kaam angreji mein upalabdh naheen haye. yahudi prashn parr during key lekhan ney baad key yahudi virodhi aur naslavaadi vicharakon jaise kii theoder frits, "huston stevert chamberlain aur jorg wonn shonerer koo prabhaavit kiya.  iss viraasat key madhyam seey, during key yahudi virodhi vichaaron ney baad mein naziwad key nasleeya siddhanton mein apana raasta paaya. 
fredrick neetshe ney naitikta kii vanshavali parr apane kaam mein naitikta parr during kii raay kii bhaari aalochana keeh
main phir seey una pathakon koo yaad dilaata huun jinake paas berlin, usen during seey badala lene key usa prerit key baare mein sunane key liye kaana hain, joe aaj germany mein kissy key bhee naitik taali-jaal kaa sabse abhadra aur ghrinit upayog kartaa haih during, aaj kii naitikta kaa sabse badaa jore seey, yahaan taka kii apani tarah key, yahudi-virodhi logon key beach bhee.
"veertapurna bhautikvaad" mein during key darshan kii visheshta thee. unhone poonjeevaad, markswad parr hamla kiya aur isai dharm aur yahudi dharm koo sangathit kiya. kaee vidvaanon kaa maanana haye kii during key aadhunik-dhwani virodhi yahudiwad key aavishkaar ney theoder herzle koo manaane mein madad kii kii zionism hii ekmatra uttar thaah 

