chenger

changad yaa chingad (changad) bhaarat kii ack pracheen rahasyamay aur poorv hindu janjaati haye.
chengaron koo kabhi-kabhi singan, singan, chingari, singri, tsangar aadi kahaa jaataa haye., jyaadaatar awara hain aur apani khud kii changhri bolly bolate hain. johann galletti aur franz miklosic aur kuchh anya praarambhik europeeya itihaskaron key anusaar, europe key roman loga chenger (jarmanah tschenger) seey nikatata seey sambandhit hain aur tschandala hain.
mool.
bhaaratiya aur pakistani vidvaanon key anusaar, way indo-greek aur greco-bactrian key avashesh hain, joe jaaton key saath ghulmil gaye they, unamen seey kuchh ney pravaas avadhi key samay bhaarat chhod diyaa aur vibhinn tarikon seey europe chaley gaye, hindu jaati pranali key tahat, unhein rajsthan mein basane vaale anya samoohon key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, unaki praarambhik basti bikaner, churu aur nagaur jilon mein haye. vahaan seey changer sindh chaley gaye. isake baad panjab mein ack aur pravaas huaa, jahan kaee abhee bhee paae jaate hain. way aapas mein mishrit bhaaratiya-aarya bhasha bolate hain, aur baahari logon key saath urdu bolate hain.
mugal samrajya key tahat, changar musalman bunn gaye, lekin unakaa dharm hindu dharm aur islam kaa mishran haye.
vartamaan paristhitiyaan.
aanuvanshik adhyayan seey pataa chalata haye kii roma loga pakistan key chenger key cumm yaa jyada vanshaj hain. kuchh chengaron ney pravaas avadhi mein misra key madhyam seey sindh chhod diyaa, aur baad mein anatolia mein rahate they aur greek bhasha mein ise ethinganoi kahaa jaataa thaa.
bhaarat mein.
chenger kaafee hudd taka ack bhumihin samudaay haye, jinamen seey kuchh abhee bhee choone key utpaadan key apane paaramparik vyavasaay mein shamil hain. adhikansh abb dainik majdoori karane vaale mazdoor hain. anya rajasthani musalmaanon kii tarah, samudaay mein ack jaati sangh yaa biradari panchaayat haye, joe antar-samudayik vivaadon koo hull karati haye aur sampradayik maandandon koo lagu karati haye. haalaanki changhar anya aisee muslim jaatiyon jaise hiraanbaaz, sindhi-sipahi aur kaimkhani key nikat rahate hain, lekin unake aur chenger key beach antar-vivaah behad durlabh hain. changhar sunni musalman hain, aur unake reeti-rivaaj anya rajasthani musalmaanon key samaan hain. unhein anya pichhade varg kaa darja diyaa gayaa haye, joe unhein bhaarat sarkaar kii kaee sakaratmak neetiyon key adheen banaata haye.
pakistan mein.
panjab mein shamshi (chenger) poori tarah seey antarvivaah hain, aur mool samajik ikai "jhugi" yaa tambu haye (abb naee peedhiyaan jyaadaatar shikshit hain aur unake apane ghar hain). aam taur parr yeh karibi rishtedaar hotey hain joe ack saath derra daalate hain, aur shivir key bheetar vivaah koo prathamikta dee jaati haye. unake paas samudayik maandandon koo banaae rakhane key liye majboot jaati parishaden naheen hain. pakistan mein chenger naamak adhikansh shamshi bhaaratiya jalindhar kii tehseel sultan garib aur jilaa ludhiana seey chaley gaye. way poore pakistan mein fail gaye. jyaadaatar chiniyot aur faislabad jile mein buss gaye. changar sunni musalman hain aur yaa tou haryanvi panjabi yaa seraki bolate hain joe iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii jiss samudaay mein way derra daale hue hain vaha kiss bhasha mein bolata haye (haalaanki way purani changar mein seey ack dwara bulaaye jaane vaali parsi bhasha bolate hain). way iss bhasha koo gupt bhasha key roop mein bolate hain jaba way kissy cheez koo gupt bataate hain joe ack dusare koo gupt hoti haye. 
uttari aur madhya panjab key adhikansh changer krishi mazdoor hain, joe fasal kataai key samay gaanvon mein jaate hain. unhone una maargon koo sthaapit kiya haye jinka way anusaran karate hain, aur pratyek chenger upa-samooh koo ack vishesh gaanv aavantit kiya jaataa haye, aur aksar usa gaanv mein ack vishesh parivaar kii seva karate hain. unake sanrakshak badey muslim jaat samudaay seey sambandhit hotey hain. krishi shram key alawa, chenger tokri aur jhaadoo key nirmaan mein bhee shamil hain, jinhen way basey hue samudaayon koo bechate hain. aajkal kewal 10 pratishat loga iss kaam mein shamil hain. shiksha praapt karane key baad kaee shamshi (chenger) abb achchi naukariyon aur sthaaniya vyavasaay mein hain. sthaaniya sarkaar mein unake apane salaahkaar hain aur unaki adhyakshata haye. 1990 mein kaee shamshi behtar bhavishya key liye dubai kii or badhe, way apane parivaar key liye kamaate hain aur abb desh koo aaee community pragati kaa hissa mill rhaa haye.

