betsy perk

christina elizabeth (betsy) perk (delft, 26 march, 1833-nizmegen, 30 march, 1906), upanyason aur natakon kii ack dutch lekhika theen, aur dutch mahila andolan kii agrani theen, jinhone phileman, liesbeth vaine altena aur spirito key chhadm naamon key tahat likhaa thaa. unhein 1871 mein algamine nederlandshey vrovenverining arbeed adelt ("samanya dutch mahila sangh 'shram annobals'), mahila patrika" onz roping "aur 1869 mein mahilaaon key liye saptahik patrika" onn straven "key sansthaapak sadasya key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, baad vaalaa prakaashan desh kii pahali mahila patrika haye. baad key varshon mein, kharaab swaasthya key kaaran unakaa prabhaav aur sakriyata cumm hoe gaee, aur unhone mukhya roop seey aitihaasik upanyaas likhane parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. 1880 seey 1890 taka, vaha belgium mein rahati thee. usey nizmegen mein kabristan rustard mein dafnaya gayaa haye.
praarambhik varsh aur shiksha.
perk kaafee ameer aur badey parivaar mein pully-badhee; usake maataa-pitaa adrianus perk aur lessina elizabeth visar they. usake pitaa, ack vyaapaari, ney teen baar shaadi kii aur vaha doosari shaadi kii teesari betty thee. parinamswarup, perk key teen bhaai, teen sauteli bahanen aur paanch sautele bhaai they. vaha 1876 taka apani sauteli maan theodora veeren key saath rahati thee. unake bhaaiyon mein seey ack kavi jacques perk key pitaa they.
carrier.
cumm umr seey hii vaha likhane mein ruchi rakhti theeh unhone 19 saal kii umr mein kuchh kahaaniyan prakaashit keen, aur unakaa pahala upanyaas, "aine cruis mett rosen", 1864 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. unake pitaa apane beton koo shaikshanik shiksha key liye bhejane key liye paryaapt dhanee they, lekin unaki betiyon koo naheen, aur 1860 key dashak mein unakaa jeevan ulta hoe gayaa thaah unaki mangetar ney 1866 mein apani sagaai toda dee, aur agale varsh unake pitaa kii mrityu hoe gaee. perk ney nariwadi lekh prakaashit karna shuru kiya, yeh tark dete hue kii purushon aur mahilaaon koo samaan roop seey mahatva diyaa jaanaa chaahiye, bhale hii unamen javic antar houn.
unhone 1870 mein desh kii pahali mahila patrika "onn straven" ("hamara prayaas") shuru kiya, lekin pahale sanskaran key baad patrika chhod dee kyonki prakaashak ney dou purush sampadakon koo unake saath samaan aadhar parr rakhaa thaa, aur unhein darr thaa kii patrika virodhi-dandaatmak lekh prakaashit karegi. jawab mein unhone ack aur patrika, "onz roping" ("hamara ahwan") kii sthaapana kii, jisamen unhone anya baaton key alawa, sujhaav diyaa kii avivaahit aur vivaahit mahilaaon kaa kaam desh kii bhalai koo badhaava dega. 1871 mein, unhone ack mahila sangh, "arbeed adelt" kii sthaapana kii, jisake liye "onz roping" aadhikarik patrika thee, lekin jaldi hii saathi sahyogiyon key saath ack vivaad thaah sangathan ney baajaron mein garib mahilaaon kii suee kaa kaam becha, aur unake sahyogiyon key vipareet rachnakaron key naamon koo jaanaa jaanaa chaahieh "unaki mahatvakanksha shram koo jeevan key yogya tareeke key roop mein maanyata denaa thaa. kaee sahayogi alag hoe gaye aur ack pratispardhi sangathan kii sthaapana kii, aur apane swayam key sangathan key bheetar unhein jald hii ack taraf dhakel diyaa gayaa.
apane vichaaron koo gyaat karane aur saath hii aajeevika kamaane kaa unakaa antim prayaas 1873 mein thaa, jaba vaha ack vyakhyata baneen aur saathi-nariwadi meena cruseman key saath daure parr gaeen, aur jabaki donon mahilaaon ney bhee apane vichaaron koo ack hii patrikaon mein prakaashit kiya, cruseman kii tej-tarrarta kii tulanaa press mein perk kii vinamrata seey kii gaee thee. jaba daura samaapt huaa, tou narivad mein saarvajanik kaary bhee huaa. inn varshon mein unhone apane kamjor shareer key baare mein bahut kuchh poochha thaa, aur vaha walkenberg chully gaeen, jahan unhone ack gadhe parr kshetra kaa daura kiya, aur ack aatmakatha likhi, "mijan azeltze aine ick. aine boek woor woor aine vijand ("meraa gadhe aur aaeeh dost aur dushman key liye ack kitab", 1874), jisamen unhone saahitya aur narivad kii duniya key saath apane khaaton koo basaaya. haalaanki, yeh spasht thaa kii vaha nariwadi andolan key saath samaapt hoe gaee hogi, lekin vaha mukti kii dridh samarthak bunny rahee.
baad key varshon mein.
perk mahilaaon key matdan key adhikaar key prastaavak they, aur 1894 mein nava-sthaapit verinigging woor vrovenkizrect mein shamil hoe gaye. mahila andolan unhein bhool gayaa prateet hotaa haih unhein 1898 mein mahila shram kii badee rashtriya pradarshani mein bhaag lene key liye aamantrit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. taba taka, vaha neetherland mein vaapas aaa gaee theen, 1890 mein arnem aur 1903 mein nizmegen chully gaeen. unhone apane antim varshon koo kalaa key liye samarpit curr diyaa.

