
vera ermolava

vera ermolayeva (Кермолаееva) (2 navambar, 1893-26 sitambar, 1937) ack russie chitrakaar, graphic kalakar aur chitrakaar they jinhone russie awant-garde andolan mein bhaag liya thaa. 
jeevani.
bachpan aur praarambhik jeevan.
vera mikhailovna ermolayeva kaa janm 2 navambar, 1893 koo saratov oblast (abb-penza oblast kaa maloserdobinsky jilaa) key petrovsk uezad mein kliyuchi gaanv mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa, mikahil sargevich ermolave (1847-1911), ack bhoomi malik they aur unhone zemstavo county sarkaar key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya. unhone "shram samaaj" naamak ack sahakaari samaaj kii bhee sthaapana kii, aur "zizn" (jeevan) (1899-1901) naamak ack udaar patrika prakaashit kii, jisamen lenin, gorki aur anya key lekhan prakaashit hue. unaki maan, enaa vladimirovna, kaa janm ungern-ankovskaya (1854-?) kii baroness key roop mein huaa thaa.).
ack bachche key roop mein, ermolava ghode seey gir gaee, ack durghatana jisane usake pairon koo apang curr diyaa aur vaha baisakhi kii sahaayata key binaa chalane mein asamarth hoe gaee. 1902-3 mein, unake parivaar ney europe kii yatra kii, jahan unake maataa-pitaa ney apani betty kii sthiti key baare mein doctors seey paramarsh kiya. ermolava ney peris, landan aur lusaane key vibhinn schools mein adhyayan kiya.
1904 mein, parivaar roose laut aaya. 1905 mein, ermolava key pitaa ney apani sampatti betch dee, aur parivaar sent mein chalaa gayaa. pietersberg.
1906-1911 taka, vera ney rajkumari aeye mein adhyayan kiya. aeye. sent mein obolenskaya vyayamshala. pietersberg.
1912 mein, unake badey bhaai, joe menshevikon key saath shamil hoe gaye they, koo zaarvaadi sarkaar dwara giraftar curr liya gayaa aur irkutsk key paas ack kshetra mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa.
kalaatmak shiksha aur praarambhik vayaskata.
1911 seey 1913 taka, unhone mikhail dee key studio mein adhyayan kiya. bernstein aur leonid sherwood, jahan vaha cubism aur futurism mein ruchi lene lageen aur vladmir tatlin, key sahit kaee kalakaron seey parichit hoe gaeen. rosdestwensky, (1891-1917), nikolai lapshin, vladmir lebedev, v. kozlinsky, ee. turova, aine. liubovina, aiss. lebedeva, victor shkalovsky aur iliya zdenevich. studio mein rahate hue, unhone zadenevic key naatak, "yanko 1" (1916) key liye sett taiyar kiya.
1914 mein, unhone samkaaleen kalakaron kii chitrakala kaa adhyayan karane key liye peris kii yatra kii, lekin pratham vishva yuddh kii shuruat key kaaran unhein roose lautana padaa.
1915-16 mein, nikolai lapshin key saath, joe baad mein russie school off book illustration key sansthapakon mein seey ack bunn gaeen, vaha bhavishyavaadi circle, "raktaheen hatyaa" ("bescroveno ubisto") kii sadasya bunn gaeen. iss vritt key sadasyon ney isi naam kii ack patrika prakaashit kii.
1915 mein, mikhail leey-dantyu key kaam kii ack pradarshani ermolayeva key apartment mein aayojit kii gaee thee.
1917 mein, unhone sent mein puraataatvik sansthaan seey snaatak kiya. pietersberg.
vaha dhaarmik aur lock kalaa mein ruchi rakhti thee, jisamen prateek, "lubki" (lubok kaa bahuvachan), chitrit sanket aadi shamil they.
iss samay key aspas, vaha kalakaron key saamoohik "kalaa key liye swatantrata" ("swoboda iskustu") aur "kalaa aur kranti" ("iskustuswo aaee revolutsia") kii sadasya bunn gaeen.
1918-19 mein, unhone petrograd shahar key sangrahalaya mein kaam kiya. unhone sangrahalaya koo pent kiye gaye dukaan key signboard kaa apana sangrah daan curr diyaa aur unake baare mein ack lekh prakaashit kiya jise "pieterbergsky waiweski" (pietersberg dukaan key signboard) kahaa jaataa haye, 26 janwari, 1919 koo patrika "iscustavo komuni" mein. iss lekh kaa angreji mein anuvaad kiya gayaa haye aur ack angreji mein prakaashit kiya gayaa haye. povelikina aur aap. kovtun, "russie chitrit dukaan key sanket aur awant-garde" kalakar (leninagrad, 1991), pri. 191-2.
vaha basenia sent parr ack apartment mein rahati thee.jahan kalakar aur kavi ekatra hue. maxim gorki aur vladmir mayakovsky donon ney apartment kaa daura kiya.
vaha "soiz molodezi" samooh seey judee hui thee.melwich key saath unakaa parichay unake kalaatmak vikas key liye mahatvapurna hoe jaataa haye.
kranti key baad, ermolava ney peepuls commission off ajucation (narcompro) key drishya kalaa vibhaag (izo) dwara praayojit pratiyogitaon mein bhaag liya aur rangmanch mein ack kalakar key roop mein kaam karane key saath prayog kiya. 1920 mein, unhone mikhail matushin aur alexei kruchenikh dwara bhavishyavaadi opera "soorya parr vijay" ("pobeda naad solantsem") key liye sett design banaae. 1922 mein inn seton koo berlin mein pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa. aadhunik kalaa sangrahalaya (moma) key paas "soorya parr jeet key liye design" naamak sett key liye unake ack design kaa ack udaaharan haye."
unhone vladmir mayakovsky dwara "yuddh aur shaanti" ("voina aaee meer") key liye sett bhee design kiye.
pustak chitran.
1918 mein, ermolayeva petrograd mein pustak-prakaashan studio "tude" ("segodanya") kii sansthaapak sadasya bunn gaee. studio ney "lubki" (lubok kaa bahuvachan) aur chitra-pustakon key chhote sanskaran prakaashit kiye, joe mukhya roop seey haath seey banaae gaye they. iss studio mein kalakar aine shamil they. lapshin, yuu. anenkov, aine. altman, aine. lubavina, aur aap. turova. segodanya" prakashanon key liye ermolayeva key chitron mein natan vengrove ("mayshata", "petukh" aur "segodnia") kii teen kritiyaan shamil hain, joe sabhi 1918 mein prakaashit hui theen. unhone walt whiteman kii ack kavita kaa russie anuvaad "pionary" (1918) bhee chitrit kiya. studio ney 13 prakashanon kaa nirmaan kiya.
1925 mein shuru karate hue, ermolava ney raajya prakaashan gharaane key bachchon key vibhaag, detziz mein kaam karate hue bachchon kii pustakon key liye chitra banaae. unhone nikolai aseev dwara "topp-topp-topp" (1925), alekjendar wedensky dwara "manogo jewery" aur "raibaki", avgeny schwartz dwara "poesed" (1929), aim dwara "10 fokusov chudodiva" (1929) jaisi pustakon kaa chitran kiya. ill 'inn, danil kharms (1930) aur kaee anya logon dwara "ivan ivanic samovar".
1929 seey 1931 taka, unhone ivan krilov kii dantkathaon parr adharit 12 pustakon kii ack shrinkhala kaa chitran kiya. inn pustakon mein "dway sobaki (dou kutte)" aur "lajhets (jhoothaa)" shamil hain.
ermolayeva ney bachchon kii kitaaben bhee banaain, jinake liye unhone paath likhaa aur chitra banaae. inmein shamil hainh "nizu poe nilu" aur "sobachki (kutte)."
yudin key saath, unhone bachchon key liye ack nae prakaar kii chitra pustak banaai. inmein shamil hainh "koo kogo?aur" "bamaga aaee noznitsy."
ermolayeva key pustak chitron key udaaharan aadhunik kalaa sangrahalaya sahit pustakalayon aur sangrahalayon mein paae jaa sakate hain.
wittebsk kalaa vidyalaya.
aprail 1919 mein, nacompros key drishya kalaa vibhaag (izo) ney ermolayeva koo peepuls art school mein padhaane key liye wittebsk bheja. navambar 1919 mein, unhone kazimir malwich koo bhee padhaane key liye aamantrit kiya. 1921 mein maark chagal key jaane key baad, vaha school kii nideshak baneen. malvich aur unake chhatron key saath, ermolava ney sangathan unovis (naee kalaa key nirmaata) vikasit kiya-ack aisaa samaaj jisane khud koo kalaa aur kalaatmak roop key vikas parr kendrit ack shodh prayogshala key roop mein sthaapit kiya. 1920 aur 1921 mein, ermolayeva kaa kaam masco mein aur 1922 mein berlin mein unovis pradarshaniyon mein dikhaaya gayaa thaa. ermolayeva ney ack unovis patrika mein ack nibandh likhaah "ob izucheni kubisma" [cubism key adhyayan parr] "unovis almanakh", 1 (1920) mein. 1920-1922 taka, vaha unovis kii sadasya aur sachiv theen.
wittebsk mein rahate hue, unhone varchasvavaad seey prerit bhitti chitron kii ack shrinkhala parr kaam kiya.
raajya kalaatmak sanskriti sansthaan.
petrograd mein apani vaapsee key baad, ermolayeva ney raajya kalaatmak sanskriti sansthaan (ginkhuk) mein "rung prayogshala" kaa netritva kiya, joe 1923-1926 seey maujood thaa. malwich, tatlin, matution, mansurov aur punin vahaan vibhagon key pramukh they. 1926 mein ginkhuk key kaam karna bund karane key baad melwich key saath unake sambandh kamjor hoe gaye.
1920 key dashak key anta-1930 key dashak kii shuruat.
vaha "vaastavik kalaa key sangathan" (oberiu) seey judee hui thee, jisamen ack shamil thaa. vvedensky, aine. zabolotsky, olinikov aur denil kharms.
1928 kii garmiyon mein, unhone kalakar pee key saath barrents samudra key taton key saath yatra kii. vee. velikanova. vaha gauchon kii ack shrinkhala vaapas laaee ("gauche" dekhein). inn gauchon ney kharm aur wedensky donon koo prabhaavit kiya aur unhein ermolayeva kii kritiyon parr adharit saahityik kritiyon kaa nirmaan karane key liye prerit kiya.
1928 key ermolayeva key gauch mein shamil hainh "baithi mahila", "teen aakritiyaan", "accordionist" aur "nrityangana.ee. vee. key anusaar. halanki, yeye ghanata key prabhaav koo darshaate hain, vishesh roop seey khaare.
1930 key dashak kii shuruat mein, ermolava ney apana dhyaan bachchon kii pustakon seey vayaskon key liye pustakon parr kendrit kiya, vishesh roop seey ack daarshanik, mahakavya jhukaav key saath. unhone goethe key "reynard dha fox" aur surventice key "donn quixot" koo chitrit kiya. unaki antim pustak key chitron mein leucretius 'onn dha nature off things' seey prerit gauch kii ack shrinkhala shamil thee.
unhone ack shikshak key roop mein bhee kaam kiya. 1931 mein shuru karate hue, unhone kalakar, aim. bee. kazanskaya.
1929 mein, kalakaron key saath, vladmir sterligov, key. aaee. rosdestwensky, ell. aeye. yudin, aine. aim. suetin, aur aeye. aeye. halanki, vaha "chitrakaari-murtikala yathaarthvaad" koo samarpit ack samooh kii sadasya bunn gaee.ermolayeva key apartment mein, inn kalakaron ney saptahik sabhaon kaa ayojan kiya, chitrakala pradarshaniyon kaa ayojan kiya aur charchaon kii mejbani kii. pradarshaniyon seey sambandhit unaki gatividhiyaan likhit ninda kaa kaaran bunn gaeen.
1930 key dashak kii shuruat mein, ermolava ney "dha village" ("derevnia") naamak ack badaa chitrakala chakr banaaya. yahaan varchasvavaad kaa prabhaav gyaat kiya jaa sakata haye. iss chakr mein kaam karane vaalon mein alankarik chitra shamil hain, jaise "baaba sou snopom" aur "baaba kaa rebencom".
1934 mein, ermolava ney ack ghadaa, ack gillas aur seb koo darshaate hue sthir-jeevan karyon kii ack shrinkhala banaai.
sent mein raajya russie sangrahalaya mein chitra. pietersberg mein shamil hainh "teen aakritiyaan" (golgotha) (1928) aur "ack tokri key saath aadami" (1933).
giraftari, nishpaadan aur punarvaas.
25 disambar, 1934 koo ermolava koo usee samay giraftar kiya gayaa thaa jaba ell. galperin, vladmir sterligov, aim. kazanskaya aur neena kogan. 29 march, 1935 koo, unhein aine. key. vee. dee. dwara anuchhed 58-10 aur 58-11 key anusaar doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa. mamle seey sambandhit samagri key anusaar, v. aim. ermolayeva koo "soviyat virodhi gatividhi, soviyat virodhi vichaaron koo badhaava dene vaale prachaar mein vyakt aur khud koo soviyat virodhi buddhijiviyon key saath jodane key liye doshi paaya gayaa thaa.usey teen saal kii jail kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. 20 sitambar, 1937 koo, unhein anuchhed 58-10 aur 58-11 key anusaar ack aine. key. vee. dee. tikadi dwara doosari baar doshi paaya gayaa aur maut kii sajaa sunai gaee. 26 sitambar, 1937 koo unhein kazakhstan key karganda key paas ack shram shivir mein goli maar dee gaee thee.
20 sitambar, 1989 koo unakaa maranoparant punarvaas kiya gayaa.
pradarshani.
"kranti aur kalaa" (1920, wittebsk)
unovis kii pradarshaniyan (1920,1921, masco)
"pahali russie kalaa pradarshani" (1922, berlin)
"petrograd kalakaron dwara chitron kii pradarshani [pratinidhitva] 1918-1923 seey sabhi andolanon" "(1923. petrograd)
ginkhuk kii pradarshani (1924, petrograd)
ginkhuk key anusandhaan vibhagon kii pradarshani (1926, leninagrad)
"graphic aind book art off dha ussr" (1929, amsterdam)
"pichhale 15 varshon key aar. aiss. aff. aiss. aar. key kalakar" (1932,1933; leninagrad, masco)
"samajwadi yathaarthvaadi nirmaan mein mahila" (1934, leninagrad)
"samkaaleen kalakaron key karyon mein leninagrad" (1934, leninagrad)
maranoparant pradarshaniyan.
sent mein raajya russie sangrahalaya mein vera ermolayeva kii kalaakritiyaan. pietersberg, roose (7 agast, 2008-30 sitambar, 2008)
samkaaleen nariwadi kalaa pahalon kii vera ermolayeva neenv.
masco mein, 2013 mein, vera ermolayeva foundation kii sthaapana unake naam parr kii gaee thee; yeh poori tarah seey samkaaleen kalaa mein nariwadi pahalon key samarthan key liye samarpit haye.

