
nucleophilic jodd

carbonic rasayan vigyaan mein, ack nucleophilic jodd pratikriya ack atirikt pratikriya haye jahan ack electrophilic double yaa triple bonned key saath ack rasayanik yaugik ack nucleophile key saath pratikriya kartaa haye, jaise kii double yaa triple bonned toot jaataa haye. nucleophilic parivardhan electrophilic parivardhan seey alag hotey hain kyonki poorv pratikriyaon mein vaha samooh shamil hotaa haye jisamen parmaanuon koo electron jode sweekaar karate hue jodaa jaataa haye, jabaki baad kii pratikriyaon mein samooh daan karane vaale electron jode shamil hotey hain. 
carbon-heteroatum dohare bandhanon key atirikt.
electrophilic double yaa triple bonned (π bonned) key saath nucleophile kii nucleophilic jodd pratikriyaen dou atirikt ekal, yaa σ, bonned key saath ack nayaa carbon kendra banaati hain. carbon-heteroatum double yaa triple bonned jaise kii> c = o yaa-c ष्णn mein ack nucleophile kaa jodd bahut vividhata dikhaata haye. inn prakaar key bandhan dhruviya hotey hain (donon parmaanuon key beach vidyut rinaatmaktaa mein ack badaa antar hotaa haye); parinamswarup, unake carbon paramanu aanshik sakaratmak avesh rakhate hain. yeh anu koo ack electrophile banaata haye, aur carbon paramanu koo electrophilic kendra banaata haye; yeh paramanu nucleophile key liye praathamik lakshya haye. rasayan vigyaaniyon ney dou konon, burgi-dunitz aur flippin-lodge konon kaa upayog karke, joe pahale adhyayan karane aur unakaa varnan karane vaale vaigyaanikon key baad, electrophilic kendra key liye nucleophile key drishtikon kaa varnan karane key liye ack jyaamitiya pranali vikasit kii haye.
iss prakaar kii pratikriya koo 1,2-nucleophilic jodd bhee kahaa jaataa haye. iss prakaar key nucleophilic hamale kaa stereochemistry koee mudda naheen haye, jaba donon alkill pratisthaapan bhinn hotey hain aur koee anya niyantran mudde naheen hotey hain jaise kii ack luis acid key saath chillation, pratikriya utpaad ack resmet haye. iss prakaar kii atirikt pratikriyaaen kaee hain. jaba jodd pratikriya ack unmoolan key saath hoti haye tou pratikriya kaa prakaar nucleophilic asyl pratisthaapan yaa ack jodd-unmoolan pratikriya hoti haye.
carbonyl samoohon key liye atirikt.
ack electrophile key roop mein ack carbonyl yaugik key saath, nucleophile hoe sakata haih
kaee nucleophilic pratikriyaon mein, carbonyl samooh key atirikt bahut mahatvapurna haye. kuchh mamalon mein, see = oh dohra bandhan ack see-oh ekal bandhan mein cumm hoe jaataa haye jaba carbon key saath nucleophile bandhan hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye, sinohydrine pratikriya mein ack sinide aayan carbonyl key dohare bandhan koo todkar ack see-see bandhan banaata haye.
nitrile key atirikt.
nitrile electrophiles key saath, nucleophilic jodd iss prakaar hotaa haih
carbon-carbon dohare bandhanon key atirikt.
alkien key jodd key liye prerak bull ack nucleophile x-kaa gathan haye joe ack electron-garib asantript pranali-c = c-(charan 1) key saath ack sahsanyojak bandhan banaata haye. x parr rinaatmak avesh carbon-carbon bandhan mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye.
charan 2 mein nakaratmak aaveshit carbenian (y) key saath judataa haye joe kii dusare sahsanyojak bandhan kaa nirmaan karane key liye electron-garib haye. sadharan alkien nucleophilic hamale (apolar bonned) key prati atisamvedansheel naheen hotey hain. styrene madhyavarti carbenian key madhyam seey sodium key saath toluni mein 1,3-diphenylpropen mein pratikriya kartaa haih
niyam kaa ack aur apavaad varentrap pratikriya mein paaya jaataa haye. fulreen mein asamanya dohare bandhan pratikriya hoti haye aur bingle pratikriya jaise parivardhan adhik baar hotey hain. jaba x ack carbonyl samooh haye jaise c = o yaa core yaa ack sinide samooh (cn), tou pratikriya prakaar ack sanyugmit jodd pratikriya haye. pratisthaapan x carbon paramanu parr usake prerak prabhaav dwara nakaratmak avesh koo sthir karane mein madad kartaa haye. isake alawa jaba y-z ack sakriya hydrogen yaugik hotaa haye tou pratikriya koo michael pratikriya key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. perfluorinated alkien (alkien jinamen sabhi hydrogen florin dwara pratisthaapit hotey hain) nucleophilic jodd key liye atyadhik pravan hotey hain, udaaharan key liye caesium fluoride yaa silver (i) fluoride seey fluoride aayan dwara ack perfluoroalkil aayan dene key liye.