
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key jahaaj sanyukt raajya nausena key chhadmaavaran upaay

1935 mein, sanyukt raajya nausena kii nausena anusandhaan prayogshala ney cumm drishyata vaale jahaaj key chhalaavaran parr adhyayan aur pareekshan shuru kiye. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran anusandhaan jaari rhaa (1) kshitij aur kshaitij satahon key saath samanjasya sthaapit karane key liye urdhvaadhar satahon koo chitrit karke drishyata koo cumm karna, yaa (2) urdhvaadhar satahon parr tirchhe pattern koo chitrit karke pehchaan aur pathyakram koo bhramit karna. kuchh chhadmaavaran vidhiyon ney donon uddeshyon koo puuraa kiya. americi kaptanon koo inn yojanaon key saath vyakhya kii cumm swatantrata kii anumati dee gaee thee (12 sanshodhit upaayon key alawa) unake british rashtramandal samkakshon kii tulanaa mein nausena chhadmaavaran yojanaon parr lagu kiya gayaa thaa.
praarambhik upaay.
sanyukt raajya america key yuddh mein pravesh karane kii sambhavana key saath, aur 1940 key bede kii samasya (abhyaas) key sahyog seey aayojit vibhinn pent yojanaon key saath prayogon key baad, jahaajon key beuro (basap) ney janwari 1941 mein nirdesh diyaa kii samagr #5 maanak nausena gray kaa shantikal kaa rung, ack alsi key tail key aadhar key saath ack halki chamak vaali chhaaya, mait gahare bhoore, #5-d, ack synthetic alkyde raal aadhar key saath ack nayaa pent sutrikaran key saath badal diyaa jaae. pahale seey hii maal aur jahaajon mein maujood maanak gray kii badee matra koo barbad karane key bajaay, baspoton ney ack kaalaa rung pest (5-bee. pee.) jaari karane kaa nirdesh diyaa, joe jaba maanak gray key saath bataae gaye anupaat mein milaaya jaataa haye tou 5-dee kaa nikat anuman milata haye, jisamen nae pent koo poorv-mishrit roop mein jaari kiya jaataa haye. baspoton ney "jahaaj chhadmaavaran nirdesh" (jahaaj-2) bhee jaari kiye, jisamen poore nausena mein upayog kii jaane vaali 9 chitrakala yojanaaen rakhee gaeen. cumm upayog kiye gaye nae rangon, halke bhoore (5-ell) aur mahasagar bhoore (5-oh), yard aur aapoorti dipo kii poorv mishrit matra koo jaari karane key bajaay ack neele-kaale rung kii rung samagri (5-tii. aim.) key saath ack aprakaashit aadhar pent (5-yuu.) jaari karane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa, joe nirdeshon key anusaar mishrit honey parr 5-yuu koo yaa tou halke yaa mahasagar bhoore rung mein badal dega.
halanki, nae upaayon koo apnana bahut dheema thaah haal hii mein nausena key pent karkhanon koo nae alkyde-adharit pent key liye aavashyak samagri praapt naheen hui thee aur kewal aprail key anta mein unhein 5-bee. pee. roopaantaran pest key liye aavashyak lampblack bhee praapt huaa thaa.
1941 kii garmiyon taka yeh spasht hoe gayaa thaa kii gahare bhoore (5-dee) sabhi paristhitiyon mein asweekarya roop seey dikhaai dey rhaa thaa, aur yuddh seey pahale #5 seey banaaya gayaa "roopaantaran" 5-dee bhee bahut chamakdaar thaa aur chipping aur chhilka lagaane key liye pravan thaa; iss beach nae rangon key saath prashant bede key prayogon koo safal maanaa gayaa thaa. tadnusar, julaai-agast mein gahare bhoore rung koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur sabhi kshitij, ispat aur lakadi key liye deck neele (20-bee) key saath nae pent formula samudri neela (5-aiss) aur dhundhale bhoore (5-aich) koo lagu kiya gayaa thaa. tinting pest koo pahale kii tulanaa mein kuchh cumm kaalaa aur adhik neela rakhane key liye badal diyaa gayaa thaa; iska matlab thaa kii iss samay cast mein mahasagar kaa dhusar rung bhee kuchh adhik neela hoe gayaa thaa aur sabhi 5-shrinkhala key rangon koo abb munsel 5 baingani-neele key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa. 1945 taka sabhi yuu. aiss. aine. "gray" aur lagbhag sabhi "blue" rangon kaa utpaadan isi neele-kaale rung (5-tii. aim. aeye.) kaa upayog karke kiya gayaa thaa, taaki rung prabhaavi roop seey ack ekal neele-bhoore rung key vibhinn tone kaa pratinidhitva karein.
sitambar mein, 1 seey 8 key upaayon koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa aur jahaajon-2 key sanshodhit sanskaran mein chaar naee yojanaon koo ghoshit kiya gayaa. 19 julaai koo poore atlantic bede key liye 12 kaa upaay nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa, aur 13 sitambar koo prashant key liye 11 kaa upaay kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, nae nirdeshon key jaari honey aur pent key nirmaan aur vitaran key beach kaafee samay antaral thaa aur vaastav mein jahaajon koo phir seey chitrit kiya jaa rhaa thaa; 7 disambar, 1941 koo motee bandargah hamale key samay adhikansh prashant bede ney abhee bhee gahare bhoore rung kaa maap 1 pahana huaa thaa.
navambar mein vimaan vaahak vimaanon ney ack gahare neele-bhoore rung key udaan deck daag (#250) koo lagbhag deck neele key samaan rung mein lagaana shuru kiya, saath hii udaan deck nishan (#251) key liye lagbhag samudri bhoore rung key daag key saath. prashant bede key satah key jahaajon, cumm vaahak, koo 16 disambar 1941 koo 11 maap mein adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. adesh ney 5-s key liye 5-n koo bhee pratisthaapit kiya thaa. 
asiatic bedaah door key manila mein sthit asiatic bedaa nae rangon koo praapt karane mein asamarth thaa aur isaliye navambar mein apane jahaajon koo samudra key neele aur mahasagar key bhoore rung key beach sthaaniya sroton seey khareede gaye rung mein chitrit kiya gayaa, jise "cavett blue" kahaa jaataa haye."
yuddh key anubhav seey behtar upaay.
yuddh key pahale chhah maheenon key bheetar, sanyukt raajya america kii nausena ney prashant mahasagar sanchaalan kii jarooraton koo puuraa karane key liye 11 aur 12 upaayon koo sanshodhit kiya. samudri neela bahut halka paaya gayaa thaa, aur ise nae rung nevi blue (5-aine) dwara pratisthaapit karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen samudri neele key samaan tinting pest kaa 50 pratishat adhik upayog kiya gayaa thaa aur tadnusar gahara thaa.
ushnakatibandhiya harit pranaalih 1942 key madhyam seey chhadmaavaran anubhaag ney landing craft, peaty naukaaon, tank landing jahaajon (lsts) aur anya jahaajon key liye koee nirdesh jaari naheen kiye they, jisase prashant jangal kii sthitiyon mein nikat antarbhag mein kaam karane kii ummeed thee, isaliye vyaktigat aadeshon ney samagr harey, yaa joe bhee harey yaa bhoore rung key rangon mein tadarth chhadmaavaran pattern kaa sahaara liya. 1943 kii shuruat mein baspoton ney neeli-gray shrinkhala key samanantar ack hurry shrinkhala kaa vikas shuru kiya, lekin prakriya dheemi thee aur isaliye ack samichin key roop mein dakshin prashant kamaan ney apane ubhayachar jahaajon koo gahare ushnakatibandhiya harey mein halke ushnakatibandhiya harey mein "bagh kii dhaariyon" key saath phir seey chitrit karane kaa adesh diyaa, donon koo peele jastaa chromet primer key saath maanak 5-tii. aim. aeye. neele rung key rung key madhyam koo milakar banaaya jaa sakata thaa. ack samkaaleen report key anusaar, "patte kaa rung [boganville key aspas key kshetra mein] aashcharyajanak roop seey uchch thaa, ack chamak joe avishvasaniya thee sivaay usee avalokan key joe soloman samooh mein pahale aagaman parr kii gaee thee."
yuddh key samay key baad key upaay.
british shaahi nausena ney octuber 1940 mein ack nausena chhadmaavaran anubhaag kii sthaapana kii. praarambhik nausena vighatankari chhadmaavaran yojanaon mein gray, blue aur green key kaee rangon key bahubhuj kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa taaki cumm seey cumm dou rung alag-alag prakaash sthitiyon mein prishthabhoomi samudra yaa akash key saath mill jaaen. anubhav seey pataa chalaa kii bahubhuj bahut chhote they jinhen prabhaavi chhadmaavaran shreniyon mein alag kiya jaa sakata thaa. 1942 mein saral nausena prakaash aur gahare vighatankari yojanaon koo chaar seey adhik rangon vaale badey aur saral bahubhuj kaa upayog karane key liye jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
kalakar everate warner, jinhone pratham vishva yuddh key dauran nausena chhadmaavaran key design khand kaa netritva kiya thaa, dusare key dauran usa pada parr laut aae. haal key nausena anubhav kii chetavani dene vaale kii vyakhyaon key aadhar parr, baspoton ney march 1943 mein pehchaan chhipaane aur pandubbi tarpedo aag niyantran koo bhramit karane key liye 31 (andhera), 32 (madhyam) aur 33 (prakaash) upaayon key tahat kaee chakachaundh pattern bichhaate hue jahaajon-2 key liye ack poorak jaari kiya. pratyek upaay mein jahaaj vargon key liye kaee pattern design shamil they taaki pattern jahaaj key varg kii pehchaan naa curr sakey. yeye upaay chamakate chhalaavaran key antim vikas kaa pratinidhitva karate hain.
chetavani dene vaale key karyalaya ney 31-33 upaayon key liye 300 seey adhik pattern sheet jaari kiye. chakachaundh upaayon mein vishisht pattern koo naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jaise.jee., ms-32/3 dee, jiska arth haye maap 32 key tahat teesara vidhvansak pattern; ack vimaan vaahak pattern kaa sanket diyaa gayaa, bee yuddhpoton key liye, see cruiser key liye aur isi tarah. aksar ack jahaaj key prakaar key liye design kiya gayaa ack pattern dusare key liye anukoolit kiya jaayega, taaki, udaaharan key liye, yuddhapot koo maap 32/18 d kaa anukoolan pahana jaa sakey, joe mool roop seey ack vidhvansak pattern thaa. kuchh pattern kaa upayog 31,32 yaa 33 key maap key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye joe chune gaye rangon key aadhar parr hotaa haye; inhen soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa, jaise.jee., ms-3 _/6dee.
15 sitambar 1943 koo dakshin prashant kamaan ney sabhi jahaajon key liye chakachaundh upaayon koo apanaaya; octuber mein prashant bede ney aadhikarik taur parr apane adhikansh shesh jahaajon key liye chakachaundh upaayon koo apanaaya.
janwari 1945 mein neel rangdravya kii kamee key kaaran baspoton ney apane pent formulation koo sanshodhit kiya, aur yeh ehsas kii rung chhadmaavaran prabhaav mein rung kii tulanaa mein kaheen adhik mahatvapurna thaa, neele-baingani rangon koo samaapt curr diyaa, joe lagbhag sabhi nausena jahaaj key rangon kii visheshta thee, chaahe unhein "neela" yaa "gray" kahaa jaataa thaa."nae rung tatasth gray they, nevi gray ney nevi blue kii jagah lii (lekin bhramit roop seey" "5-aine" "padnam praapt kiya jabaki nevi blue" "5-nb" "bunn gayaa), aur deck gray ney deck blue kii jagah lii. mahasagar dhusar aur dhundhdar dhusar ney apane naam banaae rakhe lekin apane neele rung key cast koo khou diyaa. haalaanki, nae pent (joe pahale seey mishrit kiye gaye they, naa kii tinting pest key roop mein) aam taur parr kewal stateside yard mein upalabdh they, jabaki aage key aadhar parr phir seey chitrit kiye gaye jahaajon ney puraane neele rangon kaa upayog karna jaari rakhaa. isake alawa, maap 22 (lekin 12 yaa 21 naheen) key liye, nausena kaa neela taba taka nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa jaba taka kii maujooda stock samaapt naheen hoe gaye they.
farwari mein prashant bede ney yeh nirnay lete hue kii usake jahaajon key liye praathamik khatra abb kaamikez thaa, nirdesh diyaa kii sabhi jahaajon koo 12,21 yaa 22 key maap mein phir seey chitrit kiya jaae, aur chamakdaar yojanaaen phir seey gayab honey lageen. sabhi sahayak aur "visham" sankhya vaale cruiser division, vidhvansak squadron aur vidhvansak-escort divisions koo maap 21 mein chitrit kiya jaanaa thaa, aur sabhi "summ"-sankhya vaale caa/cloned, dd squadron aur dee divisions koo maap 22 mein chitrit kiya jaanaa thaa. vidambana yeh haye kii atlantic bede koo memo naheen milaa, aur 1945 key dauran prashant hastaantaran key liye nirdhaarit jahaajon koo chamak mein phir seey chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, kewal paschimi tata yaa havaai parr aagaman parr maap 21 yaa 22 mein phir seey chitrit kiya jaanaa thaa.

