
stareekrit stambh

ack stareekrit stambh ack pratinidhitva haye jiska upayog bhoovigyaan aur isake stareekrit upakshetra mein ack vishesh kshetra mein chattan ikaaiyon key urdhvaadhar sthaan kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. ack vishisht stareekrit stambh talchhati chattanon kaa ack anukram darshaata haye, jisamen sabse purani chattaanen neeche aur sabse chhoti chattaanen oopar hoti hain.
bhoovaigyaanik roop seey adhik jatil kshetron mein, jaise kii una kshetron mein jinamen ghuspaith karane vaali chattaanen, dosh aur/yaa kayapalat hotey hain, stareekrit stambh abhee bhee ack dusare key sambandh mein inn ikaaiyon key saapeksh sthaanon koo ingit curr sakate hain. haalaanki, inn mamalon mein, stareekrit stambh yaa tou ack sanrachanaatmak stambh honah chaahiye, jisamen ikaaiyon koo iss sambandh mein dher kiya jaataa haye kii way kshetra mein doshon dwara sthanantarit kiye jaane key liye kaise dekhe jaate hain, yaa ack samay stambh, jisamen ikaaiyon koo usa crum mein dher kiya jaataa haye jisamen way baney they.
starilekhan bhoovigyaan kii ack shakha haye joe bhoovaigyaanik star kii crum aur saapeksh sthiti aur bhoovaigyaanik samay paimaane key saath unake sambandh seey sambandhit haye. saapeksh samay anukraman key liye puraataatvik avasheshon kii paraton key crum aur sthiti aur staron key ack vishesh samooh kii sanrachana key vishleshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
stambhon mein agnikrit aur rupaantarit chattaanen shamil hoe sakati hain, halanki, bhoovigyaan key shaastriya niyamon key kaaran talchhati chattaanen bhoovaigyaanik roop seey mahatvapurna hain aur way talchhat key sanchay aur talchhati vatavaran key gathan seey kaise sambandhit hain. lithology ack vishisht sthaan parr honey vaale chattan kaa adhyayan haye. star mein jeevaashm hoe sakate hain joe yeh nirdhaarit karane mein sahaayata karate hain kii way kitane puraane hain aur bhoovigyaani kii anukram aur samay kii samajh. bhoovaigyaanik ack saath samaan shilastriyon koo samoohit karate hain, aur inn badey talchhati anukram sanrachanaon koo kahate hain. sanrachanaon key naam kaise rakhe jaate hain, iss parr niyam hain kii way kahaan sthit hain aur kiss prakaar kii chattaanen maujood hain. sabhi talchhati sanrachanaon koo vishisht padnam praapt honge. sabse vaanchhaniya naam dwipad hain, pahala bhaag bhaugolik aur doosara lithological haye. yadi chattan kaa prakaar samaan haye, tou gathan koo "lyon balua patthar" yaa "benton shale" kahaa jaa sakata haye."jaba gathan key bheetar kaee alag-alag lithology hotey hain, tou ack adhik samanya shabdawali kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii" "maurison gathan", "jisamen gaad, balua patthar aur choona patthar hotaa haye. kshetriya adhyayanon key liye, bhoovigyaani adhik seey adhik alag-alag kshetron key stareekaran kaa adhyayan karenge, pratyek key liye ack stareekaran stambh taiyar karenge, aur kshetra key kshetriya bhoovaigyaanik itihas koo samajhane key prayaas mein unhein jodenge.
bhoovigyaan key kaanoon aur siddhant.
ekroopata kaa siddhaantah aadhikarik "bhoovigyaan kii shabdawali" mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye kii "maulik siddhant yaa siddhant kii bhoogarbhiya prakriyaaen aur praakritik niyam joe abb prithvi kii parat koo sanshodhit karane key liye kaam curr rahey hain, ney poore bhoogarbhiya samay mein samaan niyamit tareeke seey aur anivarya roop seey samaan teevrata key saath kaary kiya haye, aur pichhali bhoogarbhiya ghatnaaon koo aaj avalokan yogya ghatnaaon aur balon dwara samajhaaya jaa sakata haye; shaastriya avadharana kii 'vartamaan ateet kii kunji haye'.".
mool kshaitijata kaa niyamah talchhati chattaanen hamesha kshaitij, yaa lagbhag kshaitij, star key roop mein jamaa hoti hain, halanki yeye baad mein prithvi kii gatividhiyon seey vichalit hoe sakati hain. iss kaanoon kaa prastaav 17veen shatabdi key madhya mein nicolas steno dwara kiya gayaa thaa.
superposition kaa niyamah samanya kaanoon jiss parr sabhi bhoovaigyaanik kalakram adharit haih paratdaar chattanon key kissy bhee anukram mein, talchhati yaa baahari jwalamukhi, jise palat naheen diyaa gayaa haye, sabse chhota star sheersh parr haye aur sabse purana aadhar parr haye; i.ee.pratyek bistar neeche key bistar seey chhota haye, lekin isake oopar key bistar seey purana haye. 1669 mein steno dwara kaanoon kahaa gayaa thaa.
cross-cutting sambandhah cross-cutting sambandh bhoovigyaan kaa ack siddhant haye joe bataata haye kii bhoovaigyaanik visheshta joe doosari koo kaatati haye, vaha dou visheshtaon mein seey chhoti haye. yeh ack saapeksh detting takneek haye jiska upayog aamtaur parr bhuvaigyaanikon dwara kiya jaataa haye.
dou mukhya prakriyaaen hain joe talchhati star key gathan key liye praasangik hainh vivartanik bull joe pahaadon aur satah kaa nirmaan karate hain, aur ksharan prakriyaaen joe talchhat koo cumm oorjaa vatavaran mein leey jaati hain jahan way phir jamaa hotey hain. inn prakriyaon key parinamswarup jaba bhee nikshepan vatavaran mein parivartan hotaa haye tou sanchit talchhat key badey dher hoe jaate hain. talchhati kann parivahan sadish mein shuddh oorjaa parr nirbhar hotey hain, aamtaur parr talchhat clast key saath kaam karate samay paani.
ikaaiyon kaa sankshipt vivaran stambh key daaeen or likhaa jaa sakata haye, jaisa kii chitra mein haye, yaa stambh key saath pratyek lithological prateek key liye aur stambh key saath anya prateekon key liye ack chhote seey boxes seey yukt ack spashteekaran hoe sakata haye. stambhon kaa nirmaan stareekrit aadhar seey oopar kii or kiya jaataa haye aur dosh aur asangatiyon parr antaral key liye sthaan kaa beema karane key liye pahale pencil mein plot kiya jaanaa chaahiye. plate kii oonchaai seey motey khandon koo dou yaa dou seey adhik khandon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye, jisamen nichale baaen aur oopari daaen mein stareekrit aadhar hotaa haye. kuchh bajari aur jwalamukhiya ikaaiyon key roop mein vistrit khandon yaa vishisht roop seey gair-saaranibaddh jamaa key saamaanyikrit khandon koo chhodkar, bistar aur ikai seemaon koo kshaitij roop seey kheencha jaataa haye.
ack stareekrit stambh key nimnalikhit tatva aavashyak hain aur aam taur parr aakriti key liye pramukh hainh
oopar seey darj kii gaee yeh jaankaari bhoovigyaani koo ack chattan yaa bhoomigat chattanon kaa vivaran degi. yeh vivaran usa kshetra key poore bhoovigyaan koo behtar dhang seey samajhane mein madad kartaa haye. inn chattanon mein tail yaa praakritik gais kii sambhavana haye yaa naheen, yeh taya karane key liye iska upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. chattan key bheetar dekhe gaye chattan ikai prakaron aur jeevashmon key beach key antar yeh nirdhaarit karate hain kii inn chattanon koo aarekh banaane key uddeshyon key liye kaise samoohit kiya jaataa haye. stambh pradarshit kartaa haye kii yeye ikaaiyaan kiss prakaar kii chattanon seey bunny hain. ikai kaa naam swayam bhuvaigyaanikon koo chattan key prakaar kaa pataa chalata haye. aur chattan ikaaiyon kii saapeksh motai pradarshit kartaa haye.

