
thyland kaa rajshahi

thyland kii rajshahi (jisake samrat koo thyland key raajaa key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye;, yaa aitihaasik roop seey, siyam key raajaa;) thyland key raajya (poorv mein siyam) key samvaidhaanik rajshahi aur samrat koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. thyland kaa raajaa raajya kaa pramukh aur chakri key sattaaroodh shaahi gharaane kaa pramukh haye.
haalaanki vartamaan chakri rajvansh 1782 mein banaaya gayaa thaa, thyland mein rajshahi kii sanstha key astitva koo paaramparik roop seey 1238 mein sukhothai raajya kii sthaapana seey isaki jadein maanaa jaataa haye, jisamen ekthath kii mrityu seey laker 18 veen shatabdi mein taksin key pravesh taka kaa sankshipt antaral haye. 1932 kii raktaheen siyami kranti key baad 1932 mein iss sansthaan koo ack samvaidhaanik rajshahi mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa. rajshahi kaa aadhikarik aupchaarik nivaas bancock mein bhavya mahal haye, jabaki niji nivaas dusit mahal mein haye. vartamaan raajaa, vajiralongkorn, germany mein bhavya hotal sonenbichal mein sangrodh mein rahata haye.
thyland key raajaa kii upadhiyon mein raajya key pramukh, shaahi thaai sashastr balon key pramukh, bauddh dharm key anuyaayi aur dharmon key samarthak shamil hain.
itihas.
mool.
thaai raajatva kii vartamaan avadharana 800 varshon key poorna shasson key madhyam seey vikasit hui. ack ekikrit thyland key pahale raajaa 1238 mein sukhothai raajya key sansthaapak they, raajaa shree indraditya. iss praarambhik raajatva kaa vichaar hindu dharm aur therwad bauddh vishvaason seey praapt dou avadhaaranaon parr adharit bataaya jaataa haye. pahali avadharana pracheen bhaaratiya bhattiya (yaa yoddha-shaasak) parr adharit haye, jisamen raajaa apani shaktiyon koo sainya shakti seey praapt kartaa haye. doosara "dhammaraja" (bauddh dharm koo chhathi shatabdi esvi key aspas thyland mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa) kii bauddh avadharana parr adharit haye. dhammaraja (yaa dharm key tahat raajatva) kaa vichaar yeh haye kii raajaa koo dharm aur buddh kii shikshaon key anusaar apane logon parr shasson karna chaahiye.
inn vichaaron koo 1279 mein sankshipt roop seey pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jaba raajaa ramkhamheng simhaasan parr aae they. ramkhamheng parampara seey alag hoe gaye aur isake bajaay "paitrik shasson" kii avadharana banaai (jisamen raajaa apane logon koo ack pitaa key roop mein apane bachchon koo shaasit kartaa haye. iss vichaar koo raajaa key sheershak aur naam seey prabalit kiya gayaa haye, kyonki vaha aaj bhee "phoe khuna ramkhamheng" (jiska arth haye 'pitaa shaasak ramkhamheng') key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh kuchh samay key liye chalaa. raajya key anta taka, raajaon kii shally mein parivartan key prateek key roop mein dou purani avadhaaranaaen laut aaeenh "phoe" koo "fayaa" yaa swami mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa.
ayutthaya key raajaa.
sukhothai raajya koo ayutthaya raajya dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jisaki sthaapana 1351 mein raajaa ramthibodhi pratham dwara kii gaee thee. ayutthaan kaal key dauran, raajatva kaa vichaar badal gayaa. iss kshetra mein pracheen khamer parampara key kaaran, raajaa banane kii hindu avadharana koo netaa key darje parr lagu kiya gayaa thaa. brahmanon ney shaahi rajyabhishek mein karyabhar sambhala. raajaa koo hindu devtaon key punarjanm key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa. ayutthay aitihaasik dastavej raajaon kii aadhikarik upadhiyon koo bahut bhinnata mein dikhaate hainh indra, shiv aur vishnu, yaa raam. raam sabse lokpriya prateet hotaa thaa, jaisa kii "ramthibodhi" mein haye. haalaanki, bauddh prabhaav bhee spasht thaa, kaee baar raajaa kii upaadhi aur "anaupchaarik" naam "dhammaraja", bauddh dharmaraj kaa ack sankshipt naam thaa. dou poorv avadhaaranaon koo phir seey sthaapit kiya gayaa, jisamen ack teesari, purani avadharana ney pakad banaa lii. iss avadharana koo "devraj" (yaa "divya raajaa") kahaa jaataa thaa, joe khamer samrajya dwara jaava key hindu-bauddh raajyon seey udhaar liya gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey hindu brahmanon parr adharit ack vidwan varg kaa vichaar thaa. yeh avadharana iss vichaar parr kendrit thee kii raajaa vishnu bhagwan kaa avtaar (avtaar) thaa aur vaha ack bodhisatva (prabuddh) thaa, isaliye apani dhaarmik shakti, apani naitik shakti aur apani rakt kii shuddhata parr apani shakti kaa aadhar banaa rhaa thaa.
raajaa, jise raajya key hiton dwara ack ardh-divya vyakti key roop mein chitrit kiya gayaa thaa, phir ack kathor saanskritik karyanvayan key madhyam seey-apane logon key liye pooja aur pooja kaa ack uddeshya bunn gayaa. taba seey rajshahi koo kaafee hudd taka logon seey hataa diyaa gayaa aur poorna shasson kii pranali key tahat jaari rakhaa gayaa. meru parvat (hindu dharm mein "devtaon kaa ghar") key baad banaae gaye mahalon mein rahane vaale raajaon ney khud koo ack "chakravartiyon" mein badal diyaa, jahaan raajaa apane raajya kaa ack poorna aur saarvbhaumik swami bunn gayaa. raajaon ney maang kii kii brahmand koo unake chaaron or ghoomane key roop mein kalpana kii jaae, aur vistrit anushthaanon aur samarohon key madhyam seey apani shaktiyon koo vyakt kiya jaae. chaar shataabdiyon taka inn raajaon ney ayutthaya parr shasson kiya, thaai itihas mein saanskritik, aarthik aur sainya vikas kii kuchh sabse badee avadhi kii adhyakshata kii.
sakdina aur rachap.
ayutthaya key raajaon ney apane shasson kaa samarthan karane key liye kaee sansthanon kaa nirmaan kiya. jabaki europeeya madhya yug mein saamantvaad vikasit huaa, 15veen shatabdi mein ayutthaan raajaa trelokanat ney "sakdina" kii sthaapana kii, joe samajik padanukram kii ack pranali thee, joe raajaa kii praja koo unake pada aur sthiti key anusaar bhoomi kii matra key anusaar sthaan detee thee.
"rachasap" kii adalat key shishtachar dwara ack sammaanjanak register key roop mein aavashyakta hoti haye jisamen ack vishesh shabdawali hoti haye jiska upayog vishesh roop seey raajaa koo sambodhit karane yaa raaj-parivaar key baare mein baat karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
shaahi adhikaar.
raajaa mukhya prashaasak, mukhya vidhaayak aur mukhya nyayadhish they, jisamen sabhi kaanoon, adesh, nirnay aur dund saiddhaantik roop seey unake vyakti seey utpann hotey they. raajaa kii samprabhuta "bhoomi key swami" ("fra chaao phene dinn") aur "jeevan key swami" ("chaao chivit") kii upadhiyon mein parilakshit hoti thee. raajaa kii shaktiyon aur upadhiyon koo videshi paryavekshakon dwara iss baat key pramaan key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa kii raajaa europeeya arth mein ack poorna samrat thaa. haalaanki, siyami parampara mein raajaa key kartavya aur jimmedaari koo shaahi adhikaar key pracheen bhaaratiya siddhanton seey vikasit maanaa jaataa thaa, joe prabuddh nirankushvaad seey milate-julate hain, halanki tark parr naheen balki dhamm parr jore diyaa jaataa haye. yeh 1767 mein baadhit huaa thaa, jaba dhammasaate () key thaai paachan khou gaye they jaba alungpaya rajvansh key tahat ack bermi senaa ney ayutthaya shahar parr aakraman kiya, usey loot liya aur jalaa diyaa.
raajya bahaal huaa.
ack chhote seey grihyuddh seey bharaa ack antaral taba samaapt huaa jaba taksin ney desh koo bahaal kiya jise thomburi raajya kahaa jaataa haye. thomburi kaal key dauran raajatva ney 'vyaktigat raajatva' pranali koo apanaaya joe pahale naresuan key tahat prashaasit thee (lekin unaki mrityu key baad chhod dee gaee). taksin ney aamtaur parr kaee ayutthaan raajaon dwara apanaae gaye rahasyavaad key cuffon koo chhodkar raajatva kii avadharana kaa ilaaj kiya; vaha aksar saarvajanik gatividhiyon aur paaramparik utsavon mein bhaag laker aam logon key saamane khud koo prakat kartaa thaa. unhone ayutthaya key aadhyatmik uttaradhikari key roop mein apani naee rajdhani, thomburi parr jore dene key liye bahut cumm kiya. unhone thomburi mein khaai aur rakshaatmak divaaron key nirmaan parr bhee jore diyaa.
chakr raajaa.
1782 mein, buddh yodafa chulalok simhaasan parr baithe aur rajdhani koo thomburi kii or seey chaao fraya nadee key bancock kii or leey gaye. vahaan unhone thyland key vartamaan shaasak rajvansh, chakri key ghar kii sthaapana kii. (iss pahale shasankal koo baad mein thyland key raam raajaon kii soochi mein raam pratham key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa.) unhone bauddh bhikshuon key crum sangh key pramukh key roop mein sarvocch kulpita key karyalaya kii bhee sthaapana kii.
ratankosin kaal key dauran chakr raajaon ney ack baar phir ayutthaan raajatva kii avadhaaranaon koo jaari rakhane kii koshish kii, jisamen samprabhu aur usaki praja key beach sambandh parr jore diyaa gayaa. doosari or, way simhaasan key kissy bhee adhikaar koo naheen chhodate rahey. raajaa buddh loetla nabhlai (raam II) aur nanglao (raam III) ney ack sarvocch parishad banaakar aur sarkaar chalaane mein madad karane key liye mukhya adhikaariyon kii niyukti karke ack aadhunik prashaasan kii jhalak paida kii.
monkut (raam IV) ney parampara mein ack mahatvapurna viram koo chihnit kiya jaba unhone apane vayask jeevan key pahale 27 saal ack bauddh bhikshu key roop mein bitaaye, jisake dauran way simhaasan parr baithane seey pahale angreji bhasha mein praveen hoe gaye. raajaa key roop mein, unhone apani sarvocch parishad mein adhikaariyon kii niyukti jaari rakhee, sabse ullekhaniya somdate chaao fraya praiyuravongse aur see suriyavongse they, donon ney raajaa mongkut (aur baad vaale ney 1868 mein raajaa kii mrityu seey 1873 taka rajpratinidhi key roop mein kaary kiya) key liye mukhyamantri key roop mein kaary kiya.
chulalongkorn (raam banaam) 1868 mein 15 saal kii umr mein ack nabalig key roop mein simhaasan parr baithe, aur 16 navambar 1873 koo siyam key raajaa key roop mein. ack rajkumar key roop mein, unhein paschimi paramparaon mein governess, enaa leonovence dwara padhaaya gayaa thaa. paschimi rekhaaon key saath rajshahi mein sudhaar karane key iraade seey, apane alpasankhyak key dauran unhone paschimi prashaasnik tarikon kaa paalan karane key liye vyaapak roop seey yatra kii. unhone ack "prabuddh shaasak" kii paschimi rekhaaon key saath rajshahi koo badal diyaa. unhone raajaa key saamane sajda karane kii pratha koo samaapt curr diyaa, aur raajaa aur unake logon key beach sambandhon seey sambandhit kaee kaanoonon koo nirast curr diyaa, jabaki puraane raajatva key kaee pracheen pahaluon aur anushthaanon koo jaari rakhaa. 1874 mein, unhone apane raajya parr shasson karane mein unaki madad karane key liye europeeya parampara seey nakal kii gaee ack niji parishad banaai. unake shasankal key dauran siyam parr apani purani sahayak nadiyon laos aur uttari malay parr niyantran paschimi shaktiyon koo chhodane kaa dabaav daala gayaa thaa, siyam ney khud koo upanivesh seey bachaa liya thaa. 1905 mein, apane rajyabhishek key 37 saal baad, chulalongkorn ney daas unmoolan adhiniyam key saath gulami koo samaapt curr diyaa. 1867 mein gulamon kii aabaadi siyami aabaadi kaa ack tihai hissa thee.
unake putra, vajiravodh (raam vee), 1910 mein simhaasan parr baithe aur 20veen shatabdi mein rajshahi laane key liye sudhaar key liye apane pitaa key utsaah koo jaari rakhaa. sudhaar kii kathit dheemi gati key parinamswarup 1912 kaa mahal vidroh huaa. 1914 mein, vajiraavadh ney nirdhaarit kiya kii yuddh key aadhunik kaanoonon key anuroop naheen thaa, naa hii raajya kii suraksha key sanrakshan key liye suvidhajanak thaa, isaliye ise ack adhik aadhunik roop mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, joe sarkaar mein baad key parivartanon key madhyam seey mamuli sanshodhanon key saath, bull mein jaari rhaa.
prajaadipok (raam VII) 1925 mein apane bhaai key uttaradhikari baney. atton aur sandhurst shikshit samrat ney ack cabinet key samaan ack parishad banaai, jahan sabse mahatvapurna sarkari adhikaari raajya key mamalon koo taya karane key liye mill sakate they. yeh salaahkaar aur vidhaan parishad, jise siyam raajya kii sarvocch parishad (thaaih <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk>
samvaidhaanik rajshahi.
juuna 1932 mein, videshi shikshit chhatron aur sainya purushon key ack samooh ney "pravartakon" ney ack raktaheen kranti kii, satta parr kabja curr liya aur raajaa prajhaadipok seey maang kii kii way siyam key logon koo ack samvidhaan pradaan karein. raajaa sahmat hoe gaye aur disambar 1932 mein logon koo ack samvidhaan diyaa gayaa, jisase 150 varshon key poorna chakri shasson kaa anta hoe gayaa. taba seey samrat kii bhoomika koo raajya key prateekaatmak pramukh key roop mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa. taba seey unaki shaktiyon kaa prayog ack pradhaanmantri aur rashtriya sabhaa dwara kiya jaataa thaa.
1935 mein pradhaanpok (raam VII) ney sarkaar key saath asahamati key baad simhaasan tyag diyaa. 1941 mein apani mrityu taka way sanyukt raajya mein nirvaasan mein rahey. raajaa kii jagah unake yuva bhatije anand mahidol (raam VIII) ney leey lii. nayaa raajaa 10 saal kaa thaa aur videsh mein switzerland mein reh rhaa thaa. unake sthaan parr rajpratinidhiyon kii ack parishad niyukt kii gaee thee. iss avadhi key dauran raajaa kii bhoomikaon aur shaktiyon koo poori tarah seey plake fibunsongkhram kii fasiwadi sarkaar dwara hadap liya gayaa thaa, jinhone raajya kaa naam siyam seey thyland mein badal diyaa, aur ise dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prashant rangmanch mein aksh shaktiyon key paksh mein sanrekhit kiya. yuddh key anta taka fibunsongkhram koo hataa diyaa gayaa aur yuva raajaa laut aaya. mukt thaai andolan ney yuddh key dauran videshi kabje key liye pratirodh pradaan kiya aur yuddh key baad thyland key punarvaas mein madad kii.
1946 mein goli key ghaav seey raam VIII kii achaanak mrityu key baad, 19 saal key rajkumar bhumibol atulyadej (raam ix) nae samrat baney. apane shasson kii sthaapana mein, raajaa koo americi sarkaar key prayason seey sahaayata millie, jinhone dakshin poorv asia mein saamyavaadi laabh key khilaf rajshahi kaa upayog ack gadh key roop mein kiya.
octuber 2016 mein apani mrityu key samay raajaa bhumibol duniya key sabse lambe samay taka shasson karane vaale samrat they. unakaa nidhan 13 octuber 2016 koo 88 varsh kii ayu mein huaa.
21veen sadee mein rajshahi.
2000 key baad seey, thaai rajshahi kii bhoomika koo vidvaanon, chhatron, media, paryavekshakon aur paramparavadiyon dwara teji seey chunauti dee gaee haye, aur loktantra samarthak hiton ney apane bhaashan koo vyakt karna shuru curr diyaa haye. kaee logon ney maanaa kii thyland mein lez majeste seey sambandhit kaanoonon aur upaayon kii ack shrinkhala abhivyakti kii swatantrata mein baadha haye. inn kaanoonon key aadhar parr darjanon giraftariyan, saikadon aaparaadhik jaanch aur kaee kaid kiye gaye hain. raajaa bhumibol atulyadej key 2005 key rashtriya janmadin key prasaran mein diye gaye bhaashan kii vyakhya kii jaa sakati haye kii unhone aalochana kaa swaagat kiya.
lesse-majestay kaanoon thyland kii aaparaadhik sanhita kaa hissa haye aur ise "duniya key sabse kathor lesse majestay kaanoon" aur "sambhavatah kaheen bhee sabse sakht aaparaadhik-manhani kaanoon" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. raajneetik vaigyaanik jaails ungupacorn ney nott kiya kii "lesse-majestay" kaanoon vaastav mein rajshahi kii sanstha kii raksha key liye naheen banaae gaye hain. ateet mein, kaanoonon kaa upayog sarkaaron kii raksha karane aur sainya takhtapalat koo kanuni aalochana seey bachaane key liye kiya gayaa haye. yeh poori [shaahi] chhavi mahal kii divaaron seey parey ack roodhivaadi abhijaat varg koo majboot karane key liye banaai gaee haye."thaai karyakarta aur patrika key sampaadak somyot pruexacasemsuk, jinhen 2013 mein" "lesse-majestay" "key liye gyaarah saal key karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee thee, amnesty international dwara vivek key ack naamit kaidi hain.
raajaa koo apane kaam aur kartavyon mein thyland key raajaa key niji sachiv aur thyland kii niji parishad dwara cabinet key pramukh, pradhaan mantri key paramarsh seey sahaayata pradaan kii jaati haye. samvidhaan key anusaar raajaa abb raajya mein sabhi kaanoonon kaa pravartak naheen haye; yeh visheshaadhikaar thyland kii rashtriya sabhaa koo saunpa gayaa haye. haalaanki, vidhaayika dwara paarit sabhi vidheyakon key liye unaki shaahi sahamati kii aavashyakta hoti haye. rajshahi key ghar aur vitt kaa prabandhan kramshah shaahi parivaar key beuro aur crown property beuro dwara kiya jaataa haye, inn agencies koo thaai sarkaar kaa hissa naheen maanaa jaataa haye aur sabhi karmiyon koo raajaa dwara niyukt kiya jaataa haye.
2014 mein satta sambhaalane vaalaa junta rajshahi key alochakon koo jail mein daalane mein aakramak rhaa haye. 2015 mein, isane hamein 54 karod dollar kharch kiye, joe videsh mantralaya key bajat seey adhik thaa, ack prachaar abhiyaan parr jise "pooja, raksha aur rajshahi koo banaae rakhna" kahaa jaataa haye."iss abhiyaan mein television vigyaapan, schools aur jailon mein seminar, gaayan pratiyogitaaen aur raajaa kii prashansa karane vaali kahaaniyan aur filmein likhane kii pratiyogitaaen shamil hain. "yeh prachaar naheen haye", junta key netaa, prarthana chaan-oh-chaa ney kahaa. "yuvaaon koo iss baare mein shikshit kiya jaanaa chaahiye kii raajaa ney kyaa kiya haye."
apane vittiya varsh (efvaai) 2016 key bajat mein, sattaaroodh sainya sarkaar ney "rajshahi koo banaae rakhane, usaki raksha karane aur usake sanrakshan" key liye apane kharch koo badhaakar 18 arab baahat (514 million americi dollar) curr diyaa haye, joe 2014 key baad seey iss bajat line itum key liye 28 pratishat kii vriddhi haye jaba usane satta sambhali thee. vitt varsh 2020 mein rajshahi kaa samarthan karane key liye bajat aavantan kull bajat key 29.728 billion baahat, yaa 0.93% key liye haye.
shaahi raaj.
thyland key shaahi rajkosh kaa vartamaan samooh (khrueng raajaa kakudhbhand, aur shaahi bartan jyaadaatar raajaa raam pratham aur raam chaturth key shasankal key dauran banaae gaye they, jaba pichhale sett koo 1767 mein bermi logon dwara ayutthaya kii baramdagi key dauran khou diyaa gayaa thaa. rajkosh kaa upayog mukhya roop seey harr shasankal kii shuruat mein raajaa key rajyabhishek samaroh key dauran kiya jaataa haye. rajkosh vartamaan mein bancock mein bhavya mahal key sangrahalaya mein pradarshit haye.
thaai shaahi bartan (fra khattiya rajuprapoke; bhagwan) bhee samrat key vyaktigat upayog key liye hain, jinamen shamil hainh
inn anoothi vastuon koo hamesha shaahi samarohon key dauran raajaa key simhaasan yaa unaki seat key donon or rakhaa jaataa haye.
shaahi samaroh.
raajaa aur unake parivaar key anya sadasya prati varsh kaee shaahi samarohon koo karate hain, jinamen seey kuchh 13veen shatabdi key hain.
shaahi adesh aur sajawat.
raajaa kaee shaahi aadeshon aur sajaavaton kaa samprabhu haye, inn aadeshon seey kissy bhee vyakti koo niyukt karane aur hataane kaa visheshaadhikaar raajaa key vivek parr haye. haalaanki, kabhi-kabhi thyland key mantrimandal aur pradhaan mantri dwara sifaarishen kii jaati hain. baarah shaahi adesh hain aur inmein seey kuchh key alag varg hain.

