
johnn lafarge junier.

johnn lafarge junier. (13 farwari, 1880-24 navambar, 1963) ack americi jesuit catholic paadari they jinhen naslavaad aur yahudi-virodhi key khilaf unaki sakriyata key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa. thomas vyaat turner key sanghiya rangeen catholics key sunhare (aur antatah tootane) mein shamil, lafarge ney ack alpakaalik shakha, catholic antarjaatiya parishad kii khoj kii.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh seey pahale, unhone pope payas xi key liye naslavaadi aur adhinaayakvaadi vichardharaon key khilaf ack pope vishvakosh key masaude parr kaam kiya; jiska sheershak "maanviya generis unitus" thaa, halanki 10 farwari, 1939 koo payas xi kii mrityu key kaaran ise kabhi ghoshit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
johnn lafarge kaa janm 13 farwari, 1880 koo newport, road dweep mein huaa thaa. vaha kalakar johnn laa faarz (1835-1910) kaa sabse chhota betaa thaa, joe francisi sharanarthiyon kaa vanshaj thaa, aur usaki maan margaret messon perry laa faarz commodore oliver hazard perry kii poti aur benjamin frankleen kii ack mahaan-parpoti thee. unake bhaai-bahanon mein christopher grant (joe heins aind lafarge kii firm mein ack vastukar aur bhagidar bunn gaye), emily mairi, johnn luis bainsal, margaret angella, oliver hazard perry (joe ack vastukar bhee bunn gaye), fraans aur joseph raymond (joe bachpan mein jeevit naheen rahey) shamil they.
lafarge koo sangeet aur bhaashaon mein upahaar diyaa gayaa thaa, joe antatah french aur german donon mein dharapravah hoe gayaa. 10 saal kii umr mein, unhone "dha sunlight" kaa sampadan kiya, joe unake doston key ack samooh dwara prakaashit ack masik patrika thee, jinamen seey ack key paas ack hast mudran press taka pahunch thee. lafarge ney patrika key liye "trip too mars" sheershak key tahat ack dharavahik vigyaan kathaa likhi. ack bachche key roop mein way parivaar key kaee ullekhaniya doston seey mille, jinamen heinry addams, edith wharton, theodor roozvelt aur villium aur heinry james shamil they; baad mein way villium aur heinry key chhote bhaai robberton james key saath college mein dostana hoe gaye.
1897 mein unhone harvard vishvavidyalaya mein pravesh kiya, jahan seey unhone 1901 kii kaksha key saath snaatak kiya. apani padhaai key dauran unhone mukhya roop seey shaastriya lattin aur yunani parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. unhone "dha harvard masik" mein kaee lekh bhee prakaashit kiye.
purohit.
lafarge koo praarambhik roop seey pujari key roop mein aakarshit kiya gayaa thaa, halanki unhone nausena yaa professor mein bhee currier maanaa thaa. 1901 key anta mein, way vishvavidyalaya off insbrook mein dharamshastra kaa adhyayan karane key liye austriya gaye. 26 julaai, 1905 koo unhein dharmsthal mein ack pujari niyukt kiya gayaa aur way yeeshu (aamtaur parr jesuit key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) key samaaj mein shamil hoe gaye. vaha sanyukt raajya america laut aae, jahan sharad ritu mein jesuit ney unhein sent koo bheja. samaaj mein apane nausikhiya varshon key liye newyork key hyde park mein andreau-onn-hudson. 1907 mein, unhein ack semester key liye nae logon koo manaviki padhaane key liye, aur phir shikshan key ack aur semester key liye loyola vishvavidyalaya maryland mein, newyork key bhains mein canicius college bheja gayaa. isake baad unhone maryland key woodstock college mein dou saal bitaaye, jahan unhone darshan mein master kii degree praapt kii.
lafarge apani poori yuvavastha mein kharaab swaasthya aur apane aim key puuraa honey seey trast thaa.aeye. degree ney usey buri tarah thakaa diyaa. unake varishthon ney unhein salah dee kii way shayed ack vidwan key roop mein jeevan kii kathorta kaa samarthan naheen curr sakate. vaha graameen sent mein mukhya roop seey african-americi aur apravasi samudaayon kii seva mein pandrah saal (1911-26) bitaate hue, dehaati kaam mein chaley gaye. mairi county, maryland, chesapek khaadi key saath. yahaan unake kaam ney nasl sambandhon aur naslavaad key prati unake ravaiye koo gaharaai seey aakar diyaa, jise way paap maanate they. unhone una sthitiyon key khilaf saarvajanik roop seey baat kii jinake tahat african-americi rahate they, aur unhone vanchit samudaayon key liye shiksha koo aage badhaane mein vishesh ruchi kaa pradarshan kiya. 1926 mein unhone african-americi ladakon key liye dakshini maryland mein ack audyogik vidyalaya, cardinal gibbons sansthaan kii sthaapana kii.
naslavaad aur yahudi-virodhi parr lekhan.
1926 mein, lafarge ney maryland mein apana dehaati kaam chhod diyaa aur sanyukt raajya america mein ack pramukh jesuit saptahik patrika "america" kaa sahayak sampaadak bunn gayaa. 1944 mein way isake paanchven pradhaan sampaadak baney. yeh sweekaar karate hue kii way ack mahaan prashaasak naheen they, unhone chaar saal baad pada chhod diyaa aur sahayogi sampaadak kaa pada grahan kiya. unhone 37 varshon taka patrika parr kaam kiya aur unhein ack pragatisheel sampadakiya swar sthaapit karane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye jise patrika ney kaafee hudd taka barkarar rakhaa haye. unhone khud koo ack pujari key roop mein varnit kiya joe ack kaaryasheel patrakaar bhee they, jinka mukhya kaary usa dinn kii ghatnaaon kaa adhyayan karna aur unhein gahare naitik aur dhaarmik prashnon seey jodana thaa. naslavaad parr unake lekhan aur samachar patra key lekhon ney sanyukt raajya america aur videshon mein vyaapak janata kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya. america" key liye apane kaam key alawa, unhone "commonwell", "dha satterday review", "litergical arts", "saain" aur "catholic worled" jaise prakashanon mein apana lekhan prakaashit kiya, saath hii saath vibhinn patrikaon aur samachar patron key liye harr saal kaee darjan pustak sameekshaaen prakaashit keen.
1937 mein, lafarge ney naslavaad parr unaki sabse mahatvapurna pustak, "antarjaatiya nyaayah nasl sambandhon key catholic siddhant kaa adhyayan" prakaashit kiya. isamen, unhone african-amerikiyon kii janmajaat heenata key baare mein tatkalin prachalit vichaaron key khilaf tark diyaa aur iss sthiti key liye kii samajik asamaantaaen america key sattaaroodh vargon key haathon african-amerikiyon key lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey aarthik aur saanskritik durvyavahar seey upaji hain. unhone algaav aur 'alag lekin samaan' siddhant key khilaf bhee jordar tark diyaa. 1943 mein "dha races kweshchan aind dha nigro" sheershak key tahat ack sanshodhit aur vistaarit sanskaran prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa.
lafarge kii daleelon seey prabhaavit logon mein seey ack pope payas xi they, jinhone unhein gupt roop seey "naslavaad" parr ack vishvakosh taiyar karane key liye aamantrit kiya, jise way usa samay kaa "sabse jwalant" vishay maanate they. jesuits key varishth senapati ney baad mein dou anya pujaariyon, pitaa gustaav gundlach aur gustaav desbukois koo iss kaary mein shamil honey key liye niyukt kiya. isake pahale teen shabdon seey "maanviya generis ikai" ('maanav jaati kii ekataa parr') sheershak seey, iska masauda 1938 kii garmiyon key dauran taiyar kiya gayaa thaa aur varsh key anta mein payas xi koo diyaa gayaa thaa. isamen raajya aur nasl jaise aadhunik vichaaron kii ack samanya aalochana shamil haye jisane maanav garima koo cumm curr diyaa haye aur naslavaad aur yahudi-virodhi kii naitik buraaiyon key khilaf tark diyaa haye. haalaanki, ise ghoshit naheen kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki payas xi kii mrityu 1939 kii shuruat mein hui thee, aur unake uttaradhikari, pope payas xii ney ise vaapas leey liya, kuchh baad key vishvakoshon mein upayog key liye kewal kuchh uddharan liye. kaee dashakon taka yeh vatican abhilekhagar kii aspashtata mein taba taka rhaa jaba taka kii georges passelec aur bernard suchi key shodhon ney 1990 key dashak mein kahani koo prakaash mein naheen laaya.
juuna 1934 mein, lafarge ney naslavaad kaa mukabala karane key liye newyork kii catholic antarjaatiya parishad kii sthaapana kii; yeye parishaden agale dou dashakon mein poore america mein fail gaeen, aur 1959 mein way antarjaatiya nyaay parr rashtriya catholic sammelan banane key liye vilay hoe gaeen. jaise-jaise lafarge kii pratishtha badhati gaee, unhein anya drishyamaan aur mahatvapurna karyalaya diye gaye. vibhinn samay parr way catholic samanya samaaj key paadari, antarrashtriya shaanti key liye catholic sangh key adhikaari, americi catholic aitihaasik sangh key upaadhyaksh aur saahitya samaaj key paadari they.
1947 mein, lafarge koo harvard mein pratishthit dudlian vyakhyan dene key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa; unhone apane vishay "nyaayik poornata" key liye yeh tark dete hue chunaa kii manvadhikaron koo saarvbhaumik roop seey lagu honah chaahiye naa kii kewal chuninda samoohon parr.
nasleeya nyaay key champion key roop mein lafarge kii bhoomika kabhi-kabhi paitrik drishtikon aur (kuchh logon kii nazaron mein) unake saamyvaad virodhi seey prabhaavit thee. unhone 1950 key dashak key anta aur 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein nagrik adhikaar andolan mein koee pramukh bhoomika naheen nibhai, kyonki taba taka way apane 70 key dashak mein they. haalaanki, unaki mrityu seey sirf teen maheene pahale, lafarge 1963 mein washington parr march mein chaley aur martin luther king junier key peechhe linken smaarak kii seedhiyon parr khade they. unake prasiddh "aaee haiv aeye dream" bhaashan key liye, nasleeya samaantaa key liye ack andolan mein lafarge kii praarambhik bhoomika kii saarvajanik sweekriti joe abb dusaron dwara netritva kii jaa rahee thee. unaki stuti mein, boston key cardinal richard cushing ney unhein antarjaatiya nyaay key kshetra mein ack agrani key roop mein bataaya.
puraskar.
4 farwari 1960 koo "catholic adhivakta" mein prakaashit ack lekh key anusaar, lafarge koo una samoohon seey kaee puraskar mille jinhone unaki gatividhiyon kaa samarthan kiya; vigyaan, darshan aur dharm parr sammelan, newyork, shikago aur sent catholic antar-jaatiya parishad. luis, americi yahudi samiti kaa "swatantrata padak", rashtriya dharm aur shram foundation kaa "samajik nyaay puraskar", america key yahudi dhaarmik madarse kaa "vishva bhaichare kaa puraskar" aur 1955 kaa catholic association forr international pees kaa "shaanti puraskar".

