aguinda vee. texaco, ink.

aguinda vee. texaco, ink. yeh texaco petroleum key khilaf ack varg-kaarravaai mukadama haye. ise 1993 mein steven donziger dwara aquadorian amezan mein swadeshi sangrah key liye daayar kiya gayaa thaa. mukadame mein 1964 aur 1992 key beach orient kshetra mein texaco key tail anveshan aur nishkarshan sanchaalan seey utpann kathit paryavaraniya aur vyaktigat choton key liye muaavaje kii maang kii gaee thee. lagbhag ack dashak taka ecudor aur sanyukt raajya america mein adalaton mein kanuni kaaryavaahi kaa paalan kiya gayaa. mamle koo 30 maee, 2001 koo "gair-sanyojak munch" key aadhar parr khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa (jiska arth haye kii mamla americi adalaton key adhikaar kshetra mein naheen thaa aur isaki sunavaai ee-kwadorian yaa antarrashtriya adalaton mein kii jaani chaahiye).
aguinda vee" kii barkhastagi key baad. texasco "america mein, vaadi ney 2003 mein aquador mein" maria aguinda saalaazaar banaam, chevrontexaco corp "daayar kiya, jisake parinamswarup" aquador ganarajya banaam sahit anya santan mamle saamane aae. chevrontexaco corp "aur" moee vicent anomenga mentohue banaam. chevron nigam aur texaso petroleum company."
prishthabhoomi.
shoshan.
aadhunik tail nishkarshan key shuruati varshon mein, equadorian sarkaar aur nigamon ney petroleum samriddh amezan koo "tearas baldia" yaa khaali bhoomi key roop mein dekhaa. isake bajaay, aquadorian amezan mein quitua, shuar, achur, coffan, huarani, shiviyar, sekoya aur siona sahit swadeshi loga rahate they. texas petroleum ney 1964 mein equadorian sarkaar key saath apane pahale anubandh parr hastakshar kiye. 20veen shatabdi key adhikansh samay mein tail nishkarshan poori tarah seey aniyamit rhaa. 1990 taka, lagbhag 1.5 arab bairal tail akele orient seey nikala gayaa thaa, joe equador key kaee amazonian kshetron mein seey ack thaa.
swadeshi ayojan.
swadeshi amezan samooh aksar apane dharmon, sanskritiyon aur samudayik prathaon mein paryavaraniya sthirata koo kendrit karate hain. coffan cosmology mein, amazonian prithvi kii parat concoyan kii mejbani karati haye, joe jeev apane samudaayon koo sadbhavana aur upchaar pradaan karate hain aur joe tail nishkarshan seey kshatigrast hotey hain.
tail vikas key khilaf 1970 key dashak key swadeshi pratirodh karyon kii utpatti saha-samarthak kshetra mein hui.
dureno key saath, borman ney feins kii sthaapana kii, joe saha-samarthak logon aur sarkaar key beach sampark sangathan thaa. 1984 mein, sekyoya logon ney swadeshi swaayatta key liye samarpit ack sangathan, ois vikasit kiya. ois ney 1987 mein danish ngo ibis key saath bhagidari kii. ell confederation dee nacionidase indigenous dee laa amazonia ecutoriana (konai) kaa gathan 1980 mein 900 seey adhik amezaniyaai samudaayon key paine-swadeshi gathbandhan key roop mein saanskritik sanrakshan aur paitrik bhoomi kaa peechha karate hue kiya gayaa thaa. iss sangathan ney paryaavaran nyaay key liye feins jaise chhote samoohon kaa samarthan kiya haye.
desh key 2008 seey pahale key samvidhaan mein swadeshi logon koo paryaavaran ksharan seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa; haalaanki, petroaquador aur texas ney tail vikas parr inn pratibandhon kaa ullanghan kiya. ack nae samvidhaan kii pushti kii gaee thee kii 7 juuna, 1992 koo samaapt hue aquador mein texaco key petroleum anubandh mein petroaquador ney amezan mein praakritik sansadhanon kaa dohan karna jaari rakhaa.
itihas.
1993 mein, swadeshi samoohon ney "aguinda banaam" daayar kiya. texaco, ink."iss varg-kaarravaai key mukadame mein pichhali laparwahi kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa haye. yeh newyork key dakshini jile key liye sanyukt raajya kii jilaa adalat mein daayar kiya gayaa thaa. iss mukadame mein shamil swadeshi samoohon mein feins (coffan), ois (sekoya) aur phois (quitua) shamil they. texas key dakshini jile mein ack sambandhit kaaryavaahi daayar kii gaee thee aur anya koo equador mein lago agrio adalat mein daayar kiya gayaa thaa.
yeh amazon mein petroleum shoshan key khilaf kanuni pratirodh kaa pahala roop thaa. mukadama pahali baar 1995 mein nyayadhish jaid rakof dwara khariz kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone kahaa thaa kii americi adalaton kaa antarrashtriya vivaadon parr nirnay lene kaa koee daayitva naheen haye. texaco aur ecudorian sarkaar ney usa varsh baad mein madhyasthata key madhyam seey mukadame koo nipataane kii koshish kii; haalaanki, oorjaa mantralaya ney jald hii pataa lagaaya kii texaco ney ecudor mein dou sou atirikt apashisht gaddhon kaa khulasa naheen kiya thaa.
1997 mein, ecudor kii sarkaar ney samprabhu pratiraksha kii chhoot key tahat hastakshep karane key prayason koo dohraya, lekin nyayadhish rakof ney ack baar phir texas key khilaf "asaamyik aur purvagrahpurna" purvagrah kaa hawala dete hue usa anurodh koo aswikar curr diyaa. 1998 key rashtrapati jameel mahmoud key chunaav ney ack aur shaant madhyasthata koo badhaava diyaa. anya paaristhitik raajneetik muddon key sanyojan mein, isane 2000 sainya junta koo mahood koo ukhaad fenkane aur usey ack sainya-nagrik trayamveeret key saath badalane key liye prerit kiya, jisamen konai (akhil-swadeshi sangathan) netaa antonio vargas shamil they. unhein jaldi seey satta seey hataa diyaa gayaa aur gustavo noboa bezerano rashtrapati pada parr aaa gaye. iss raajneetik uthal-puthal ney nyayadhish koo aguinda mamle koo phir seey kholane key liye prerit kiya.
sitambar 2000 mein, swadeshi vaadi ney ack texaco sahayak company key saath vittiya sambandhon key kaaran khud koo alag karane key liye racoff kaa ahwan kiya. unhone iss anurodh koo aswikar curr diyaa, aur 30 maee, 2001 koo, ack baar phir iss aadhar parr kii sanyukt raajya upayukt munch naheen thaa, mukadame koo khariz curr diyaa. 16 agast, 2002 koo, dusare circuit key liye sanyukt raajya kii appeal adalat ney rakof key faisale kii pushti kii. barkhastagi ney shoshan key khilaf kanuni kaarravaai karane vaale swadeshi logon key sanghrshon key liye ack misal kayam kii.
2003 aur usase aage.
kuchh "aguinda" vaadi aur anya swadeshi adhivaktaon ney 2003 mein aquadorian adalat mein phir seey daayar kiya. iss mamle koo "moee vicent anomenga mentoh banaam. chevron nigam aur texaco petroleum company (jise "tenna" bhee kahaa jaataa haye kyonki yeh tenna adalat mein daayar kiya gayaa thaa), ney paaristhitik adalaton aur basane vaalon koo swadeshi logon koo paryaavaran-adimvad aur avaidhata kii roodhiyon seey parey dekhane key liye majboor kiya. 
equador key 2008 key samvidhaan ney prakriti koo hii avibhajya adhikaar pradaan kiye. nae rashtrapati rafale koria ney americi petroleum companiyon key khilaf mamalon mein saarvajanik roop seey swadeshi vaadi kaa samarthan kiya, jabaki niji taur parr amezan mein kuchh khanan prayason kaa samarthan kiya. 
2011 mein lago agrio kii ack adalat ney company koo amazon aur usake mool nivaasiyon key vyaapak nuksan key liye uttardaayi paaya. chevron koo lagbhag 19 arab dollar key harjaane kaa bhugtan karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa, aur isake alawa, chevron koo amezan raksha kosh koo nidhi deni thee, joe swadeshi samudaayon kaa samarthan kartaa haye aur unake saath kaam kartaa haye. chevron ney iss faisale kii vaidhata koo chunauti dee, jisane paanch atirikt huarani samoohon key hastakshep koo prerit kiya. baad mein puraskar koo ghataakar lagbhag 9.5 arab dollar curr diyaa gayaa, jisaki pushti ee. see. aeye. oh. dee. kii sarvocch adalaton ney kii.

