
iran mein gurde kaa vyaapaar

iran mein laabh key liye apani kidney bechane kii pratha kanuni haye aur sarkaar dwara viniyamit haye. kissy bhee varsh mein, yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii 1400 irani apani ack gurde koo ack praaptakarta koo bechate hain joe pahale seey unhein agyaat thaa. iran vartamaan mein duniya kaa ekmatra desh haye joe muaavaje key liye apane gurde kii bikri kii anumati detaa haye (aamtaur parr ack bhugtan); natijatan, desh key paas naa tou prateeksha soochi haye aur naa hii upalabdh angon kii kamee haye.
american society off nephrology kii naidaanik patrika mein ack lekh key anusaar, model ney anga vyaapaar seey judee kaee samasyaon seey bachaa haye, lekin anya vikaasheel deshon mein upayog kiye jaane vaale sabhi model pratyaropan kataron key bigadane koo dheema karane mein whiffle rahey hain.
daan karane key liye prerana vishuddh roop seey 43 pratishat mamalon mein vittiya hoti haye aur mukhya roop seey anya 40 pratishat mein ack mamuli paropkari ghatak key saath vittiya hoti haye. daandaataon mein seey 76 pratishat ney sahamati vyakt kii kii gurde kii bikri parr pratibandh lagaaya jaanaa chaahiye aur yadi koee aur mauka haye tou way gurde kii bikri key bajaay bheekh maangana (39 pratishat) yaa soodkhoron (60 pratishat) seey rinn lena pasand karenge. 75 pratishat daandaataon dwara vikray key lakshyon koo bilkul bhee hassil naheen kiya gayaa thaa. anya deshon mein pratyaropan key baad adhik anukool swaasthya parinamon kii tulanaa mein apekshaakrit kharaab swaasthya parinam bhee khed kii bhaavanaon mein yogdan curr sakate hain.
prishthabhoomi.
madhya purvi kshetra mein pahala gurda pratyaropan 1967 mein iran mein kiya gayaa thaa. 1980 key dashak key madhya taka yeye sanchaalan aam naheen hoe gaye they. iran shav aur kshatipurti daataa donon seey gurde daan kii anumati detaa haye. aprail 2000 mein sansad dwara paarit kaanoon seey pahale, naidaanik roop seey mastishk-mrit maane jaane vaale angon kii khareed koo uchit thaharaate hue, daataa-pratipoorak pratyaropan 99 pratishat seey adhik mamalon kaa pratinidhitva karate they. abb yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii daan kaa 13 pratishat shavon seey aataa haye. cato sansthaan jaise bajar key samarthak daavaa karate hain kii gurde key bajar mein vittiya protsahanon koo pesh karane key baad, iran ney 1999 taka apani pratyaropan prateeksha soochi koo samaapt curr diyaa. haalaanki, ack karibi jaanch seey pataa chalata haye kii antim charan kii gurde kii bimari seey peedit kaee irani logon koo nidan praapt naheen hotaa haye aur unhein dialysis key liye sandarbhit naheen kiya jaataa haye, isaliye way kabhi bhee pratyaropan key liye paatr naheen honge. iran key hashmi nejad gurde aspatal key aahaad ghods ney daavaa kiya, "yeh mukhya kaaran haye kii iran mein gurde pratyaropan prateeksha soochi koo jaldi aur safaltapurvak samaapt curr diyaa gayaa thaa."
viniyaman.
model koo swaichhik karyakarta sangathanon key madhyam seey aayojit kiya jaataa haye. praaptakarta aur sarkaar daataon key liye bhugtan karate hain. daan sangathan una logon kii madad karate hain joe khud bhugtan naheen curr sakate hain.
swaasthya mantralaya key niyantran mein gurde key rogiyon key samarthan key liye charity association (casp) aur vishesh rogon key liye charity foundation (see. aff. aiss. dee.), sarkaar key samarthan seey angon key vyaapaar koo niyantrit kartaa haye. sangathan daataon seey praaptakartaon koo mell khaate hain, anukulata sunishchit karane key liye parikshanon kii vyavastha karate hain. bhrashtachar yaa asamaanta koo rokane key liye "naa tou pratyaropan kendra aur naa hii pratyaropan chikitsak sambhaavit vikretaon kii pehchaan karane mein shamil hain" daataa koo bhugtan kii gaee raashi iran mein bhinn hoti haye; haalaanki, gurde daan key liye ausat aankade $2,000 seey $4,000 key beach hain. isake vipareet, vaishvik kalabazari mein beche jaane vaale ack sangat gurde kii keemat kuchh mamalon mein 160,000 seey adhik hoe sakati haye.
ack bhugtan vikalp aadhikarik anubandh haye, joe daataa koo us $1,219 (2001 mein) detaa haye, aur sergery key turant baad bhugtan kiya jaataa haye. gurda praaptakarta atirikt dhana yaa anya laabh pradaan karke daataa key saath baatchit bhee curr sakata haye.
islami vichaar.
1996 mein, grate britten kii muslim kaanoon parishad key islami dhaarmik vidvaanon ney anga pratyaropan key abhyaas kii anumati dene vaalaa fatwa jaari kiya. haalaanki; choonki yeh decree daan koo dusare kaa jeevan bachaane mein madad karane kii anumati detee haye, isaliye yeh vanijya, vyaapaar yaa daan mein muaavaje key karyon koo aswikar karati haye.
samaan madhya-purvi model.
saudi arab mein, pratyaropan jeevit daataon key bajaay aushadhiya shavon kaa upayog karke kiya jaataa haye. yeh abhyaas sarkaar dwara praayojit aur viniyamit kiya jaataa haye, anga pratyaropan (scott) key liye saudi kendra key madhyam seey. sangathan dekhbhal, saarvajanik aur aupchaarik shiksha, viniyamon aur sabhi prakaar key anga pratyaropan kii nigrani key manakon key liye bhee jimmedaar haye. shav ummidvaaron kii seemit sankhya key kaaran, maang koo puuraa karane key liye paryaapt daan naheen hain.