
lune abby

lune ebe () loonberg key nichale saxon shahar mein ack poorv benedictine nanri haye. aaj yeh ack protestant luthran convent haye aur iska prabandhan clostercamer hannover (hannover mathh kaksh) dwara kiya jaataa haye. vartamaan abus rehilled freefra wonn dair boltz haye.
1172 mein sthaapit, convent ney jald hii khud koo luneberg heath kshetra mein ack samriddh aur swaayatt sthaaniya shakti key roop mein sthaapit kiya. isane apani nanon koo jyaadaatar luneberg key prabhaavshaali patrician parivaaron seey bharti kiya aur apane astitva key adhikansh samay mein 60 mahilaaon koo samaayojit kiya. inn mahilaaon koo lattin, udaar kalaa aur isai siddhant aur dhaarmik pratha mein poori tarah seey shikshit kiya jaayega. 15veen aur 16veen shatabdi key dauran, mathh sanrachana pahale mathh sudhaar (1481) key madhyam seey badali, phir protestant sudhaar key madhyam seey lekin kabhi hull naheen hui.
itihas.
convent ack benedictine mathh key roop mein.
neenv aur praarambhik itihas.
lune abby kii sthaapana 1172 mein nordboarstell kii 10 seey adhik kuleen mahilaaon key ack chhote seey samudaay dwara kii gaee thee. hildesvidis wonn markboldestorpe key netritva mein samooh koo ack khaali chappel mein jaane kii anumati dee gaee thee jise 1140 mein loonberg key ack bhikshu key liye ack ashram key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa. neenv charter parr hyugo, verden key bishap, heinry dha lyon, duke off saxony aur bavaria aur berthold II dwara hastakshar kiye gaye they., luneberg mein mathh sent michael key mathadhish. convent sent bartholomeu koo samarpit thaa aur convent key mukhya avashesh key roop mein prerit key vastra kaa ack hissa rakhaa gayaa thaa. halanki shuru mein convent ney kissy vishisht mathh key niyam kaa paalan naheen kiya, lekin isane 13veen shatabdi key dauran sant benedict key shasson koo apanaaya. mool convent imaraton koo dou baar (1240 aur 1372 mein) jalaa diyaa gayaa aur baad mein unhein luneberg shahar key karib phir seey banaaya gayaa.
13veen shatabdi key dauran, convent lagaatar badhkar 60 nana taka hoe gayaa. unhein mukhya roop seey aspas key kuleen parivaaron aur luneberg key patrickian parivaaron seey bharti kiya gayaa thaa. samanya jeevan yapan key kharchon koo puuraa karane key liye, convent ney sabse pahale aur sabse mahatvapurna roop seey sthaaniya lavanon seey vaarshik aaya parr bharosa kiya joe 1229 seey ack funder (pratigya swami) key roop mein thaa. 1367 mein, samudaay itna prabhaavshaali aur dhanee hoe gayaa thaa kii usane khule taur parr apane pope dwara niyukt provost jaails off tusculum, ack shaktishali cardinal bishap koo sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa, aur isake bajaay apane swayam key ummidwar, soltaau key cumm gyaat conrad koo chunaa. anta mein, donon paksh ack teesare ummidwar, johannes weggergang parr sahmat hue, aur pope urban vee ney nanon koo apane swayam key provost koo chunane kaa visheshaadhikaar diyaa. choonki poorv-aadhunik mahila sammelanon koo baahari duniya key liye samudaay key raajneetik aur aarthik hiton kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye ack purush provost parr bharosa karna padata thaa, isaliye swatantra chunaav key iss visheshaadhikaar kaa arth thaa kii convent koo uchchatam star kii swaayatta praapt hoe sakati thee. 1395 mein, lune provost koo nanon kii poorna sanskaarik dekhbhal pradaan kii gaee thee, taaki convent abb raajneetik aur aadhyatmik donon roop seey "vaastavik" swaayatt hoe gayaa thaa.
1481 kaa mathh sudhaar.
15veen shatabdi apane saath church key sudhaar kii vyaapak ichcha laaee, aur mathon key adesh koee apavaad naheen they. sudhaar andolan (protestant sudhaar key saath bhramit naheen honah) ney sadee key uttaraardh kii shuruat mein uttari germany mein khud koo dridhata seey sthaapit kiya. ubharate hue sudhaar dharmshastriyon ney uttar key samriddh aur prabhaavshaali mathon koo isai dharm kii mool, sahee shikshaon, sabse pahale aur sabse mahatvapurna garibi key aadarsh seey bhatakate hue dekhaa, lekin laukik kshetra mein unake hastakshep aur lattin shiksha mein girawat kii bhee aalochana kii gaee. lambe samay taka, itihaskaron ney baad vaale daave koo binaa lekhapareeksha key apanaaya haye, lekin kyaa aur kyaa vistaar vaastav mein yeh thaa, pratyek convent key liye vyaktigat roop seey mulyankan kiya jaanaa chaahiye. haalaanki, adhikansh jaanch kiye gaye mamalon mein, mahilaaon key mathon key bheetar lattin lekhan kaa utpaadan shiksha mein kathit girawat kaa koee sanket naheen dikhaata haye. lune abby phir bhee sudharatmak upaayon seey gujarane key liye sahmat hoe gaye, aur provost aur paas key abstorf abby seey saat nanon koo liya, joe pahale seey hii sudhaaron seey gujar chuke they, 1481 mein. provost, mathius wonn dame niebeck, ney priorus bertha hoyer aur usaki upa-priores koo padchyut curr diyaa, aur apane swayam key ummidwar, poorv abstorf nana sofiya wonn bodenich koo sthaapit kiya.
sudhaar mein catholic siddhant key mamalon mein ack unnat pathyakram, sudhaar key anuroop ack parivartit dhaarmik vidhi, aur baahari duniya seey convent key algaav koo majboot karane aur shukravaar aur daal key dauran maans seey aavashyak parhej koo behtar dhang seey niyantrit karane key liye dainik bhojan kaa ack kendrikrit aur sampradayik sevan shamil thaa. baad vaale ney yakinan sabse badee rasad kathinaaee pradaan kii, kyonki rasoi aur refectory donon koo phir seey banaaya jaanaa thaa. baad mein, convent koo uttari german mahila convent aur unake purush provost key ack ghaney network mein shamil kiya gayaa, jinamen seey adhikansh ney sudharakon koo pratibaddh kiya, joe church kii rajneeti key bheetar ack kshetriya shakti bunn gaee.
lune abby aur protestant sudhaar.
16veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein germany mein raajneetik samprabhuta key kshetriya vikhandan ney nae sudhaar prakriya kii sweekriti yaa asweekriti key sambandh mein vyaktigat kshetriya prabhuon ("landsherren") koo aadhikarik nirnay nirmaata kii sthiti mein dhakel diyaa. mathon key mathon koo apane astitva key liye darna padaa, kyonki nayaa andolan dharmnirpekshata aur jabt karane key liye nikla jise way baahari duniya mein vishvaasiyon seey patan aur algaav kii abhivyakti key roop mein dekhate they. lune abby brunswick-loonberg key duchy key adhikaar kshetra mein aaa gayaa joe 1519 mein hildeshem diocession jhagade kaa mukhya sthal thaa. brunswick-wolfenbattle aur calemberg key rajkumaron key sanyukt chhaapon key tahat convent koo bahut nuksan huaa, kissy bindu parr convent kii imarat koo khaali karna padaa aur khud loonberg shahar mein jaanaa padaa. iss jhagade ney brunswick-loonberg koo badey rinn mein girate dekhaa aur isake parinamswarup isake convent kamjor hoe gaye. 1525 mein, kaee german kshetron koo kisan vidroh kaa saamana karna padaa, duke ernest ney brunswick-loonberg mein sabhi convents mein 28,000 seey adhik gilders kii maang bhejkar apane bajat koo jaldi seey majboot karane kii koshish kii, jise unhone aavashyak honey parr sainya pradarshan dwara lagu karane kii dhamki dee. haalaanki, isake baad duke koo saarvajanik roop seey sudhaar key kaaran key prati apani nishtha kii ghoshana karane mein adhik samay naheen lagaa aur iss prakaar roman catholic mathon koo seedhe nishana banaaya. brunswick-loonberg kii mahila sabhaaen, joe 1481 key mathh sudhaar key baad seey ack saath majbooti seey buni hui theen, duke kii maangon kaa dridhata seey virodh karati theen, aur agale chaar varshon key liye sthiti prabhaavi roop seey thaharaav mein chully gaee. 1529 mein, duke ernest aur unaki adalat ney pahale apane purush provost koo lakshit karke mathon key network koo todane kaa faisala kiya. unhone ack-ack karke unhein kewal duke key prati wafadar ack protestant upadeshak key saath badalane kii ummeed kii, kyonki una provosts ney ack baar swayam binaa kissy virodh key convent key puraane netritva koo apadasth curr diyaa thaa. vaastav mein, 1529 key anta mein, lune provost johannes lorber ney apane pada seey istifa dey diyaa aur ack ducal prashaasak, johannes hasselhorst aur ack protestant upadeshak, padanukram enkhusen key liye raasta banaaya. agale varsh, inn upaayon kaa paalan ack naee mathh neeti kii sthaapana dwara kiya gayaa, jisane mathon key bheetar dhaarmik pratha koo kaafee badal diyaa aur sabhi mathon kii pratigyaon koo radd curr diyaa. mahila samudaayon koo spasht roop seey nae dhaarmik dushman kahaa gayaa thaa. 1531 mein, ducal curr sangrahakartaon mein seey ack ney yahaan taka kii lune abby key ack chappel koo nasht curr diyaa, joe bargandi key sant gangulfus koo samarpit thaa.
1535 mein priorus matchthield wonn wild kii mrityu key baad, sudhaar key khilaf nanon kaa virodh poori tarah seey whiffle hoe gayaa. haalaanki convent swatantra roop seey ack naee priores, elizabeth snewarding koo chunane mein saksham thaa, unhone duke key protestant landshohite mein apane samavesh koo sweekaar curr liya. doosari or, duke ernest ney aashcharyajanak roop seey sweekaar kiya kii convent avivaahit protestant mahilaaon ("demenstift") key liye ack dharmnirpeksh neenv banaa rhaa, aur poore sansthaan koo bhang naheen kiya. haalaanki, convent koo apane pahale nishchit roop seey protestant pramukh kaa chunaav karane mein 1562 taka kaa samay lagaa.
ack "abhishaap" key roop mein lune abby.
agali dou shataabdiyon key dauran, samudaay kii sthiti kuchh hudd taka aspasht thee. baahar seey, ise vishuddh roop seey ack dharmnirpeksh sevaanivritti sansthaan key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, lekin ander seey, samudaay abhee bhee paropkari parampara mein ack atyadhik samarpit aadhyatmik jeevan kaa netritva kartaa thaa. 1711 mein, iss tanaav koo convent aur duke george-luis (baad mein grate britten key george I) key beach ack samjhaute mein dharmnirpeksh bhoomika key paksh mein hull kiya gayaa thaa joe convent kii divaaron key bheetar bhee haavi hoe gaee thee. lune abby khud koo dou baar aur yuddh kshetra key hisse key roop mein paayega. 1793 mein, ack francisi senaa ney pahale gathbandhan yuddh key dauran paas key kshetra mein march kiya jisamen hanovar key matdaataon ney francisi virodhi gathbandhan key paksh mein bhaag liya. mathh kii mathadhish, artemisia wonn bock ney convent key agami vyavasaay kaa anuman lagaaya aur jaldi seey pustakalaya seey kalakritiyon, pandulipiyon aur pustakon kaa ack badaa stock betch diyaa, kuchh niji haathon mein, kuchh paas key badey abhilekhagar aur bhandar kii dekhbhal mein. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran una abhilekhagaron mein seey kaee sambaddh bambari key shikaar hoe gaye, aur yuddh key anta key karib kaee aur kalaakritiyaan aur paandulipiyaan badahaali key bheetar gayab hoe gaeen jaba german prashaasnik sanrachanaaen dhwast hoe gaeen aur prabhaavi roop seey astitva mein naheen theen.
aitihaasik parivesh.
jaise hii naee mahilaaon ney convent mein pravesh kiya, unhone apane javic parivaaron seey sampark naheen todaa. usa arth mein, nana ack "dohare parivaar" mein rahati theen, kyonki way apane javic parivaar aur convent mein apani naee bahanon donon seey avibhajya roop seey judee hui theen. baahari duniya mein rishtedaron key saath unake niyamit aur akhand sampark koo kaee patron mein pralekhit kiya gayaa haye, vishesh roop seey 15veen aur 16veen shatabdi seey. nana aur loonberg patrickian parivaaron key beach parivarik sambandhon kaa vyaapak roop seey punarnirmaan kiya gayaa haye aur convent aur shahar kii rajneeti key beach ack gahara sambandh darshaata haye. convent aur anya estate key beach aage sambandh utpann hoe sakate hain joe lune abby key buggle mein ack nayaa provost aayojit kiya jaataa haye.
saksharta aur shiksha.
convent kii divaaron key bheetar utpann honey vaali pandulipiyon kii maujooda matra lattin, udaar kalaa aur dharamshastra mein nana kii poori shiksha kaa sujhaav detee haye. shaikshik maanak convent netaaon taka seemit naheen thaa, balki convent key apane mathh vidyalaya dwara pradaan kiye gaye mathh mein pravesh karane vaale pratyek nausikhiya taka vistaarit thaa. nanon key liye, shiksha kaa kendriya uddeshya dhaarmik anushthaan kaa sahee nishpaadan thaa jise lattin mein gaaya jaanaa thaa. apane patron mein, unhone khud koo masih kii dulhan key roop mein pesh kiya, convent key daakh kii baari mein pati-patni key roop mein bhagwan kii seva karane key liye apana jeevan samarpit kiya. unake vyaktigat aur vyaavsaayik patrachar koo haal hii mein dhyaan mein laaya gayaa haye.
convent aur unake dharmnirpeksh samparkon key beach patra, jaise kii luneberg shahar yaa unaki sampattiyan, madhya nimn german mein likhe gaye they joe uttari germany key bheetar aur uttari samudra key aspas aur baltic samudra key mukhya sanchaalan kshetron key roop mein aarthik "lingua franca" thaa. lattin aur madhya nimn german key beach codewitching kaa upayog mukhya roop seey convent key beach patrachar mein kiya jaataa thaa.
vastukala.
1380 mein ack badee aag key baad convent koo eent gothik shally mein phir seey banaaya gayaa thaa. closter, 1412 kaa ekal-gufa church aur "nonenchor" (nana 'gaayak-mandali) achchi tarah seey sanrakshit hain, vahee poorv "shayankaksh" (shayankaksh) key baare mein sach haye.
kalaa.
lune apani bunai aur kadhaai (linnon parr oona) key liye prasiddh haye. 1995 mein khole gaye mathh key maidan mein kapada sangrahalaya mein moolyavaan tukade (safed kadhaai ("veezastikeri") vedi key kapade, upvaas key kapade ("fastenture") aur kaaleen, joe lagbhag 1250 key hain, pradarshit kiye gaye hain. church mein "nonenchor" mein vedi parr lucas cranch kii karyashala seey ack painting haye. oonchi vedi kii tribhuj (nakkashidar vedi) 16veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein banaai gaee thee. mathh key refectory mein lagbhag 1500 key bhitti chitra bhee ullekh key yogya hain.
vidvatapurna swaagat.
aashcharyajanak roop seey, lune abby parr adhikansh aitihaasik saahitya german mein likhaa gayaa haye. kewal sabse halia sanskaran pariyojana, convent key patra sangrah parr oxford aur dusseldorf key vishvavidyalayon key beach ack sahyog ney anglosphere key bheetar nichali german mahilaaon key convent key adhik vyaapak swaagat kaa avsar khol diyaa haye. phir bhee, vartamaan mein upalabdh angreji saahitya kii matra abhee bhee maujood naheen haye.