zenotedale

zenotedale (<unk>), akhil russie communist party (bolshevik) kii kendriya samiti kaa mahila vibhaag, 1920 key dashak mein mahilaaon key mamalon key liye samarpit russie communist party kaa ack hissa thaa. isane russie kranti mein mahilaaon koo 1930 mein bhang honey taka nae avsar diye.
itihas.
zenotedale kii sthaapana dou russie nariwadi krantikariyon, alekjendra kolontai aur inessa armond dwara 1919 mein kii gaee thee. yeh soviyat sangh mein mahilaaon key jeevan kii sthitiyon mein sudhaar, niraksharta seey ladane aur mahilaaon koo soviyat sangh kii communist party dwara sthaapit nae vivaah, shiksha aur kaary kaanoonon key baare mein shikshit karane key liye samarpit thaa. soviyat madhya asia mein, zenotedale ney saksharta aur shaikshik abhiyaanon key madhyam seey aur "dee-weiling" abhiyaanon key madhyam seey muslim mahilaaon key jeevan mein sudhaar key prayason kaa bhee netritva kiya.
jhenotdel ney navambar 1920 mein aisaa karane vaale pahale desh roose mein garbhpaat koo vaidh banaane key liye bolshevikon koo raaji kiya. itihas mein yeh pahali baar thaa jaba mahilaaon koo raajya key aspatalon mein muft garbhpaat kaa adhikaar thaa.
praarambhik vikas.
1906 mein, kolontai ney mahilaaon koo russie samajik loktaantrik party key bheetar ack alag sangathan mein sangathit karane kaa prayaas kiya, taaki way ghar aur kaaryasthal parr saamana karane vaale muddon parr charcha curr sakein. ise shatruta key saath saamana karna padaa kyonki adhikansh niyokta mahila shramikon koo 'pichhade' key roop mein dekhate they, aur kaaryasthal mein apani ichcha key anusaar durvyavahar karane key liye kewal saste shram key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa.
kollontai inn kamkaji mahilaaon koo russie nariwadi matadhikar andolanon seey door bhatkana chaahati thee, joe unhein satahi lagey aur unamen kranti key saar kii kamee thee. unhone sent mein factory mahilaaon koo padhaana shuru kiya. pietersberg ney kahaa kii kewal samaajvaad key madhyam seey aur unake patiyon aur bhaaiyon key saath sarvahara kranti mein shamil honey seey unaki mukti hogi. usa samay apane kattarpanthi vishvaason key kaaran, vaha bhaagne key liye majboor hoe gaee aur ack mahila andolan kii shuruat joe vaha banaane kaa prayaas curr rahee thee, bhang hoe gaee.
1913 mein, yeh andolan phir seey prakat huaa jaba bolshevik ney "rabotnitsa" naamak ack patrika kii sthaapana kii, jisamen mahilaaon key sambandh mein vistrit mudde they. patrika kaa sampadan inessa armond aur lenin kii bahan enaa elizarova ney kiya thaa. sabhi sampadakon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa kyonki zarist roose ney shasson karna jaari rakhaa. pratham vishva yuddh kii shuruat ney 1915 aur 1916 mein yuddh aur khaadya narsamhar key khilaf sakriya roop seey hadtaal karane key liye mahila shramikon aur sainikon kii patniyon koo ack saath laaya. yuddh key dauran utpann hui kathor jeevan sthitiyon aur akaal ney mahila andolan key dusare charan koo banaae rakhna asambhav banaa diyaa.
1917 mein, jaba pratham vishva yuddh key baad kolontai, armond aur krupskia roose laut aae, tou way yuddh key dauran gati khone vaale andolan koo phir seey sthaapit karane parr kaam karane gaye. unhone "rabotnitsa" patrika koo phir seey prakaashit kiya aur iska upayog shaharon mein mahila shramikon aur padosi russie shaharon mein mahila kapada shramikon key abhiyaan koo vyavasthit karane aur shuru karane key liye kiya. kollontai ney behtar kaam karane kii sthitiyon key liye petrograd mein kapade dhone kii hadtaal kaa bhee ayojan kiya. patrika ney mahilaaon koo khud koo vyavasthit karane aur gyaan aur 'andolan' failaane key liye baithakon kii vyavastha karane kaa nirdesh dene mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. octuber kranti seey pahale iss sangathan key paas pahale seey hii jutaane kaa harr pahalu thaa. soviyat sangh key bheetar ack alag mahila vibhaag koo vaidh banaane key liye buss itna hii bachaa thaa.
 1918 kii garmiyon mein, kendriya samiti mahilaaon kii pahali akhil russie congress sthaapit karane key liye sahmat hui, jahan pratinidhiyon kaa chayan karane key liye ack chunaav hoga. kyonki yeh grihyuddh key dauran yojnabaddh thaa aur poore soviyat sangh mein parivahan vyaapak roop seey avishvasaniya thaa, kewal 40 pratinidhi aae. haalaanki, lagbhag turant netaaon koo desh bhar seey taar milane lagey aur unhone unhein bataaya kii way deree curr rahey hain lekin way ise banaane jaa rahey hain. 1, 200 mahilaaen masco jaane mein kamyab raheen. unhone sthaaniya pratinidhiyon key aadhar parr ack alag mahila sangathan banaane kii yojana vikasit kii. iss karyakram mein shamil hongeh gharelu gulami koo samaapt karna, mahilaaon koo gharelu kaam seey mukt karane key liye gharon koo sampradayik banaana, veshyavritti koo samaapt karna, mahilaaon key shram aur prasooti kii raksha karna, aur soviyat sangh kii mahilaaon key liye ack varg chetna laana. yeh pahali baar thaa jaba yeye mahilaaen kissy raajneetik kshetra seey milati-julati kissy bhee cheez mein shamil theen. haalaanki inmein seey adhikansh mahilaaen sabhi kamkaji mahilaaon key anubhav key dohare bojh seey mukt honah chaahati theen, lekin unhein yeh bhee darr thaa kii kranti paaramparik parivarik jeevan koo chheen legee. jawab mein ack bhaashan dete hue, jiska sheershak baad mein "parivaar aur saamyavaadi raajya" thaa, iss baare mein vistaar seey bataate hue kii paaramparik parivaar kii sanrachana pahale seey hii kaise kaafee badal chuki haye aur yeh humm parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii humm iss vaastaviktaa koo sweekaar karein aur sampradayik parivartanon koo apanaaen joe sabhi kamkaji mahilaaon key liye mukti laayenge.
sitambar 1919 mein kendriya samiti ney yojana koo manjuri dee aur ack alag mahila vibhaag, zenotedale banaaya. party ney taba sthaaniya party samitiyon koo mahila pratinidhiyon key liye chunaav sthaapit karane kaa nirdesh diyaa. inn mahilaaon koo "zensky sakriya" kahaa jaayega, aur unake paas dou seey teen maheene kii avadhi hogi jahan way swatantra mahilaaon key roop mein vikasit hongi joe poore soviyat sangh mein mahilaaon koo shikshit karane aur mukt karane key liye pratibaddh hongi. isase mahilaaon koo sarkari padon parr padonnat honey aur jagrook raajneetik kaaryakartaon key roop mein vikasit honey kaa mauka milega.
vikas.
1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein nepal key nirmaan ney audyogikaran kii or aur atyadhik kushal shramikon koo banaane key liye party kii chinta mein badalaav kiya joe soviyat sangh key prati wafadar they. unhone mahilaaon key muddon koo ack maadhyamik prathamikta dee kyonki purush netritva ney mahsoos kiya kii gharelu kaam seey udyog koo koee laabh naheen huaa. party ney samajik kharch mein bhaari katauti kii kyonki grih yuddh ney graameen ilaakon mein badey paimaane parr akaal aur garibi paida kii aur mahilaaon mein gambhir berojgari paida kii. jhenotdel ney vishisht mahilaaon key muddon kii disha mein kaam karane seey door ack upkaran key roop mein vikasit honah shuru kiya, jiska upayog party ney apani neetiyon koo aage badhaane key liye kiya.
vichardhara.
kranti seey pahale, bolshevikon kaa maanana thaa kii ack alag mahila sangathan banaane seey nariwadi vichaaron koo badhaava milega aur aparyaapt sansaadhan kharch honge. isane kaee purani bolshevik mahilaaon koo zenotedale key gathan seey sahmat honey seey roque diyaa kyonki unhone socha thaa kii yeh ack ekikrit sarvahara kranti koo roque dega.
ack zenotedale mahilaaon key liye ack aadarshvaadi samaaj mein mukhya vichaar ack swatantra aur swatantra mahilaaon kaa nirmaan haye. ack aisee mahila joe jeevan key harr pahalu mein swatantra aur purushon key barabar hoe. purush aur mahila donon mahilaaon koo mukt karane aur parivaar koo badalane mein vishvaas karate they, lekin ise kaise praapt kiya jaae, iss parr unake vichaar alag-alag they. purush netritva kaa maanana thaa kii ack baar jaba poonjeevaad koo ack samajwadi raajya seey badal diyaa jaataa haye aur janata koo poonji kaa punarvitaran kiya jaataa haye, tou harr vyakti apane aap apane purvagrahon seey mukt hoe jaayega aur ack samtaavaadi samaaj panpega. bolshevikon kaa maanana thaa kii way ack kendrikrit arthavyavastha mein vishvaas karate they joe antatah ack saamyavaadi samaaj kaa nirmaan karegi.
doosari or, inn mahilaaon kaa maanana thaa kii adhik vikendrikrit aur chhote paimaane key karyakram ack saamyavaadi raajya kaa nirmaan karenge. zenotedale mahilaaon koo gharelu aur audyogik kaam key dohare bojh seey mukt karane key liye day-cayer center, cafeteria aur kapade dhone kii cheezen banaana chaahte they. aabaadi koo phir seey shikshit karane key liye, zenotedale mein inn mahilaaon kaa maanana thaa kii yeh una parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii way apani paristhitiyon koo badalen anyatha aisaa kabhi naheen hoga. poonjivaadi raajya aur sarvahara varg key shoshan koo samaapt karane key liye, jhenotdel ney mahsoos kiya kii mahilaaon key liye yeh aavashyak thaa kii way swatantra houn aur apane purush sathiyon key barabar houn.
grihyuddh ney iss baat mein koee spashtata naheen laaee kii unakaa samaaj vaastav mein kaise sangathit hoga. party kaa maanana thaa kii kranti zarist roose jaisi kissy bhee cheez koo nasht curr degi.
madhya asia mein hujam abhiyaan.
stallin key satta mein aaney seey pahale aur yeh vichaar kii samaajvaad kewal ack hii raajya mein maujood hoe sakata haye, mukhyadhara bunn gayaa, soviyaton kaa maanana thaa kii yadi way poorv mein ack safal samajwadi kranti banaate hain tou vikasit paschimi deshon key mazdoor vargon koo samajhaana aasaan hoe jaayega. soviyat sangh key liye taaki vaha shramik vargon mein varg chetna paida karane aur vishva samajik kranti taka pahunchane key apane sapane taka pahunch sakey, unhein inn 'pichhadi' mahilaaon koo mukt karna thaa aur unhein swatantra vyaktiyon mein badalana thaa joe sakriya raajneetik pratibhaagi honge. 1926 seey pahale, jhenotdel key liye dee-weiling prathamikta naheen thee aur yahaan taka kii yeh maanaa jaataa thaa kii yeh usa mahatvapurna kaam seey vichalit thaa joe way kendriya asiai mahilaaon koo aarthik aur raajneetik swatantrata laane key liye curr rahey they. adhikansh madhya asiai mahilaaon ney pardaa naheen daala. aggar way aisaa karate tou yeh ghar seey bahut door badey pradarshanon mein hotaa, aur ghar key raaste mein phir seey apana pardaa daal dete.
hujam 1926 mein shuru huaa, yeh pardaa samajwadi pragati key nae vaade key saath 'adim' aur paaramparik poorv key beach ack spasht virodhabhas key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. zenotedale vaha tantra bunn gayaa jisake madhyam seey soviyat sangh apane padosi kshetron parr apani shakti koo majboot karane mein saksham thaa. inn bolshevik mahilaaon ney paranja koo samaaj seey apane algaav key prateek key roop mein dekhaa. soviyat prachaar key upayog ney inn muslim mahilaaon koo sir seey pair taka dhaka curr dikhaaya aur apane parivaar key baahar key purushon key saath judane seey pratibandhit curr diyaa. zenotedale ney mukhya roop seey poore uzbekistan aur azerbaijan mein apane dee-previlling prayason parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, aur way aaney vaale varshon key liye soviyat prachaar kaa kendra bunn jaayenge. soviyat party party kii neeti key madhyam seey ack twarit aur achaanak parivartan chaahata thaa. jhenotdel ney abb dee-previlling koo ack tatkaal mudde key roop mein bataaya aur teji seey apane prayason koo badey pradarshanon key ayojan mein kharch kiya jahaan way mahila mukti kii ghoshana karate hue bhaashan dete they aur inn mahilaaon key saath baithakon koo samaapt karate they.  unakaa maanana thaa kii inn mahilaaon key damankari paristhitiyon koo badalane seey, yeh poori tarah seey samajik aur saanskritik vyavastha koo badal dega joe ack soviyat kranti koo honey seey rokti thee. yeye mahilaaen taba prachaar kaa chehra bunn jaayengi kyonki soviyat sangh ney samajwadi raajya key vaade koo duniya koo dikhaane key liye apane mukhon koo faila diyaa.
vighatan.
jaba stallin satta mein aaya aur panchvarshiya yojana koo suvidhajanak banaaya, tou jhenotdel shramikon koo pahale ummeed thee kii saamoohikta sampradayik awas aur samajik baal dekhbhal kii or leey jaayegi jisake liye way lada rahey they. haalaanki party ney aadhikarik taur parr zenotedale key kaam kaa samarthan kiya, lekin way iss baat parr sahmat naheen hoe sakey kii unhein vaastav mein kaise sangathit honah chaahiye kyonki inn mahilaaon aur sthaaniya party sadasyon key beach shatrutapurna tanaav ney sangathan key astitva koo tanaavgrast curr diyaa thaa.
poorv zenotedale shramik zenotedale key patan key liye sabse majboot samarthak they. sthaaniya party key sadasyon ney yeh maanana shuru curr diyaa kii mahilaaon koo samajik sevaaon seey judey kshetron kii jimmedaari lenny chaahiye. kaee mahilaaen party key samanya kaam mein shamil honah chaahati theen aur mahsoos karati theen kii yeh kewal usee shram vibhajan kaa abhyaas thaa joe ghar mein kiya jaataa thaa.
maee 1926 mein party ney ack farman banaaya jisamen mahilaaon koo sangathit karane kaa kaam jhenotdel seey sthaaniya karkhane sanghon koo hastaantarit curr diyaa gayaa. sanghon ney mahilaaon koo shikshit karane yaa unhein uchch padon parr leey jaane key liye kuchh naheen kiya. kapada karkhanon mein 33 pratishat mahila shramik anpadh theen aur sanghon mein bahut cumm sakriya roop seey bhaag leey rahee theen. adhikansh sthaaniya party adhikaariyon ney iss adesh kii vyakhya bhoomika nibhaane key bajaay mahilaaon key beach sabhi karyon key anta key roop mein kii.
1927 mein, polit beuro ney maan liya kii zenotedale kewal party key baaki hisson key kaam kii nakal curr rhaa thaa aur moolyavaan sansadhanon koo barbad curr rhaa thaa. iska mukabala karane key liye, party ney tarksangat samitiyon kii sthaapana kii aur unhone sthaaniya party sangathanon koo sthaaniya sanghon koo hataane kii salah dee. polit beuro ney inn samitiyon key virodh koo darkinar curr diyaa aur mahilaaon koo uchch padon parr badhaava dekar ack alag mahila sangathan koo bahaal karane kii maangon koo nazarandaj curr diyaa. isase zenotedale kaaryakartaon aur sthaaniya party sadasyon key beach tanaav kaa samadhan naheen huaa kyonki mahilaaon mein abhee bhee party kii kull sadasyata kaa kewal 5 pratishat hissa thaa.
1928 mein hui vyaapaar sangh congress kii baithak mein mahila jhenotdel shramikon koo sanghon key kaam mein shamil honey key liye sthanantarit karane key liye matdan kiya gayaa. abb kaaryasthal parr bhedbhaav kaa samarthan karane aur usey sambodhit karane key liye koee mahila naheen thee kyonki teji seey hoe rahey audyogikaran key kaaran saikadon hajaaron mahila shramik abb karyabal mein ghuspaith curr rahee hain.
1929 mein, zenotedale key kaam koo saamoohik kheton key ayojan key parinamswarup kisan vidrohon kii or punarnirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa. kisan mahilaaen khet key ayojakon key saath shamil hoe rahee theen aur apana anaaj chhodane seey incar curr rahee theen kyonki party ney audyogik shramikon koo khilaane key liye khaadya fasalon kii aavashyakta koo doguna karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. smidovic, ack poorv zenotedale netaa, party seey anurodh karate hain kii zenotedale koo kisan mahilaaon koo saamoohikta kaa samarthan karane mein adhik sakriya bhoomika nibhaane kii anumati dee jaae. kisan mahilaaon key kulakon kaa samarthan karane key darr seey party ney ack adesh bheja jisamen jhenotdel koo inn kisan mahilaaon koo netritva aur prashaasnik kaushal key baare mein shikshit karke graameen ilaakon mein apana kaam jaari rakhane parr jore diyaa gayaa.
5 janwari, 1930 koo kendriya samiti ney zenotedale koo bhang curr diyaa. yeh desh koo teji seey audyogik banaane key ack badey prayaas kaa hissa thaa. stallin chaahte they kii sabhi sansadhanon koo dwiteeya vishva yuddh key liye taiyar honey key liye saamoohikkaran kii disha mein lakshit kiya jaae. party ney mahsoos kiya kii mahilaaon ney samajwadi raajya key tahat mukti hassil curr lii haye aur mahilaaon koo uchch padon parr badhaava denaa jaari rakhna anaavashyak hoga kyonki unhein abb apane purush sathiyon key barabar dekhaa jaataa thaa. isake bajaay, stallin ney party koo zenotedale kaa kaam karane key liye bulaaya
zenotedale key netaa pratibaddh communist they, aur soviyat raajya tantra key hisse key roop mein kaam karate they. itihaaskaar elizabeth wood ney tark diyaa haye kii sangathan ney mahilaaon kii samasyaon mein sakriya ruchi lii, aur shuru mein logon seey laker raajya taka mahilaaon key muddon key liye ack madhyam key roop mein kaam kiya. 1930 mein apani shakti sthaapit karane key dauran zenotedale koo stallin dwara bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, unakaa maanana thaa kii soviyat sangh mein mahilaaon key muddon koo niji sampatti key unmoolan aur utpaadan key sadhanon key rashtriyakaran seey "hull" kiya gayaa thaa. zenotedale key bhang honey key baad kaee langic samajik niyam joe vaapas kiye jaane key khilaf ladey gaye they.
netaa.
zenotedale key astitva key 11 varshon key dauran paanch netaa theh

