
rashtriya tii. bee. unmoolan karyakram (bhaarat)

rashtriya tapedik unmoolan karyakram (aine. tii. ee. pee.), jise pahale sanshodhit rashtriya tapedik niyantran karyakram (aar. aine. tii. see. pee.) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, bhaarat sarkaar kii saarvajanik swaasthya pahal haye joe apane tapedik-rodhi prayason kaa ayojan karati haye. yeh rashtriya swaasthya mission (aine. aich. aim.) key ack pramukh ghatak key roop mein kaary kartaa haye aur desh mein tapedik-rodhi gatividhiyon key liye takniki aur prabandhakiya netritva pradaan kartaa haye. rashtriya ranneetik yojana 2017-25 key anusaar, karyakram mein "saarvbhaumik coverage aur samajik suraksha key liye stambhon koo rokane, pataa lagaane, upchaar karane aur nirmaan karane" key vyaapak vishayon key tahat ack ranneeti key saath "tb mukt bhaarat" praapt karane kaa drishtikon haye. yeh karyakram sarkari swaasthya pranali key madhyam seey desh bhar mein vibhinn muft, gunavattapurna tapedik nidan aur upchaar sevaaen pradaan kartaa haye.
karyakram sanrachana.
karyakram koo rashtriya star seey upa-jilaa (tapedik ikai) star taka chaar star key padanukram key madhyam seey prabandhit kiya jaataa haye. desh star parr iss karyakram kaa netritva swaasthya aur parivaar kalyan mantralaya key tahat kendriya tb prabhaag dwara kiya jaataa haye. raajya tii. bee. prakoshth aur jilaa tii. bee. karyalaya kramshah raajya aur jilaa star parr karyakram kii gatividhiyon koo niyantrit karate hain. upa-jilaa/prakhand star parr gatividhiyon koo tapedik ikai (tb ikai) key tahat aayojit kiya jaataa haye. kendriya tii. bee. prabhaag kaa netritva ack upa mahanideshak-tii. bee. (dee. dee. jee.-tii. bee.) kartaa haye aur yeh rashtriya karyakram prabandhak haye. prashaasnik kamaan atirikt sachiv aur mahanideshak (aine. tii. ee. pee. aur naiko) aur sanyukt sachiv-tii. bee. key paas aatee haye. kendriya tb prabhaag key tahat, kaee rashtriya star kii visheshagya samitiyaan aur tapedik key liye rashtriya sansthaan, vibhinn karyakram sambandhi karyon mein salah dete hain aur sahaayata karate hain. raajya star parr, ack raajya tii. bee. adhikaari aur jilaa star parr ack jilaa tii. bee. adhikaari karyakram kaa prabandhan karate hain.
prayogshala sevaayen.
karyakram key tahat naidaanik sevaaen teen stariya tareeke seey kaam karane vaali vibhinn prakaar kii prayogshalaon key network key madhyam seey pradaan kii jaati hain. seva/suvidha star parr sookshmadarshi aur twarit aanvik pareekshan hotey hain, joe pahale star kaa gathan karate hain. dusare star kaa gathan madhyavarti sandarbh prayogshala (irl) aur sanskriti aur dawa samvedansheelta pareekshan (see aind dst) prayogshalaon dwara kiya jaataa haye, joe pahale star koo unnat dst suvidhaaen aur paryavekshi sahaayata pradaan karate hain. rashtriya sandarbh prayogshaalaaen teesare star kaa gathan karati hain, aur see aind dst prayogshalaon key liye gunavatta ashvasana aur pramanan sevaaen pradaan karati hain aur rashtriya sandarbh prayogshala network key saath samanvaya karati hain. uparokt key alawa, chhaati kii radiography, joe tritiyak aur maadhyamik swaasthya staron parr upalabdh haye, bhee tapedik key sanketon aur naidaanik nidan key liye screening mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaati haye.
naamit sookshmadarshi kendra (dee. aim. see.).
zeel-nielson steining takneek kaa upayog karke thook smear microscopy, dee. aim. see. mein aayojit kii jaati haye. yeh bhaarat bhar mein 20,000 seey adhik gunavatta niyantrit prayogshalaon key saath sabse vyaapak roop seey upalabdh pareekshan haye. nidan key liye, dou dinon mein dou thook key namoone (subah-subah/subah-dhabbe key roop mein) chhaati key lakshan vaale (dou saptah yaa usase adhik samay taka khansi key itihas vaale rogiyon) seey ekatra kiye jaate hain taaki nidan parr pahunch sakein. pareekshan kii uchch vishishtata key alawa, dou namoonon kaa upayog yeh sunishchit kartaa haye kii naidaanik prakriya mein uchch (> 99 pratishat) pareekshan samvedansheelta bhee hoe.
twarit aanvik pareekshan prayogashaalaaen.
genxpert platform kaa upayog karke cartridge adharit nuclic acid amplification test (see. bee. aine. aeye. tii.), aur truennet tii. bee. nidan aur refompicin pratirodh kaa pataa lagaane key liye teji seey aanvik pareekshan hain. yeh pareekshan uchch jokhim vaali aabaadi, bachchon, dawa pratirodhi mamalon key samparkon aur pee. ell. aeye. (aich. aaee. vee. aids key saath rahane vaale rogi) key liye naidaanik pareekshan kii pahali pasand haye. vartamaan mein desh mein lagbhag 1200 see. bee. aine. aeye. tii. aur 200 truennet prayogashaalaaen hain, jile mein aur kuchh mamalon mein upa-jilaa star parr.
sanskriti aur dawa samvedansheelta pareekshan prayogashaalaaen.
unnat pareekshan jaise line probe parakh, taral aur thhos samvardhan, aur dawa samvedansheelta pareekshan see aind dst (sanskriti aur dawa samvedansheelta pareekshan) prayogshalaon mein upalabdh hain, joe raajya mein kuchh chuninda sthaanon parr sthit hain, aksar tii. bee. virodhi davaaon key liye atirikt dawa pratirodh/samvedansheelta pareekshan sevaaen pradaan karate hain.
upchaar sevaayen.
karyakram key madhyam seey kaee tapedik-rodhi davaaon seey banaa maankeekrit upchaar pradaan kiya jaataa haye. aam taur parr, dawa aahar mein lagbhag dou seey chhah maheene kaa gahan charan aur chaar seey dedh saal kaa ack lamba nirantarta charan hotaa haye.
roga key prati roganurodhi pratirodh kii prakriti key aadhar parr karyakram key madhyam seey vibhinn upchaar aahar diye jaate hain. nae mamle aur joe koee pratirodh pradarshit naheen karate hain, unhein chhah maheene kaa, chaar pahali pankti kii davaaon kaa chhota pathyakram diyaa jaataa haye; isoniazid-echah refompicin-aar, pyrazinamide-jaid, aur athambutol-ee. davaaon koo nishchit khuraak sanyojanon key dainik vajan baind adharit khuraak key madhyam seey prashaasit kiya jaataa haye, jisamen dou maheene key gahan charan key liye herge aur chaar maheene key nirantar charan key liye herge shamil hotey hain. dawa pratirodhi mamalon key liye, dawa pratirodh key pattern key aadhar parr 13 davaaon key sanyojan seey baney kaee aahar upalabdh hain.
aar. aine. tii. see. pee. key tahat saarvajanik niji bhagidari.
bhaarat mein fuffusiya tapedik key lakshnon vaale logon kaa ack badaa anupaat unaki tatkaal swaasthya dekhbhal kii jarooraton key liye niji kshetra kaa rukh kartaa haye. haalaanki, niji kshetra parr bojh adhik haye aur itani adhik sankhya mein rogiyon kaa ilaaj karane kii kshamata kaa abhaav haye. aar. aine. tii. see. pee.-anushansit niji-pradaata interfaces agencies (pee. pee. aeye. aiss.) upchaar voucher, electronic cases adhisuchana aur rogi tracking key liye soochana pranaliyon kii peshkash key madhyam seey rogiyon kii uchch matra kaa ilaaj aur track karane mein madad karati hain.
niji pradaataon key beach prashikshan aur samanvaya kii kamee key kaaran, aar. aine. tii. see. pee. protocol kaa paalan niji pradaataon key beach kaafee parivartansheel haye, aur 1 pratishat seey bhee cumm niji pradaata sabhi aar. aine. tii. see. pee. sifaarishon kaa paalan karate hain. samanya chikitsakon aur anya niji kshetra key khilaadiyon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale vibhinn anty-tubercular upchaar upchaaron koo niyamit karane kii aavashyakta haye. niji chikitsakon dwara kiya jaane vaalaa upchaar aar. aine. tii. see. pee. upchaar seey bhinn hotaa haye. ack baar jaba niji kshetra key liye samanya tareeke seey upchaar shuru hoe jaataa haye, tou rogi key liye aar. aine. tii. see. pee. panel mein badalana mushkil hoe jaataa haye. adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii bhaarat mein niji kshetra mein doshpurna anty-tb prescription 50 pratishat seey laker 100% taka haye aur yeh vartamaan mein bhaarat mein badey paimaane parr aniyamit niji kshetra dwara pradaan kii jaa rahee swaasthya sevaaon key liye chinta kaa vishay haye.
itihas.
bhaarat mein 1962 seey ack tb niyantran karyakram haye. taba seey isane dou baar khud koo punargathit kiya haye; pahale 1997 mein sanshodhit rashtriya tapedik niyantran karyakram (rntcp) mein aur phir 2020 mein rashtriya tapedik unmoolan karyakram mein.
rashtriya tii. bee. karyakram-aine. tii. pee. (1962-1997).
rashtriya tb karyakram (aine. tii. pee.) key saath tb niyantran key prayaas aayojit kiye gaye, jisamen mukhya roop seey ack nivaarak upaay key roop mein bee. see. jee. teekaakaran parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa.
usa samay, bhaarat sarkaar key paas apane saarvajanik swaasthya lakshyon koo puuraa karane key liye vittiya samarthan kii kamee thee. isaliye, dhana aur prashaasan key baahari srot, aksar kaun aur kaun seey, saarvajanik swaasthya key kshetra mein aam hoe gaye. 1992 mein, joe aur swedish antarrashtriya vikas agency ney aine. tii. see. pee. kaa mulyankan kiya, yeh paate hue kii isamen dhana, swaasthya parinamon parr jaankaari, prabandhan aur upchaar key niyamon mein nirantarta aur kushal naidaanik takneekon kii kamee haye.
sanshodhit rashtriya tii. bee. niyantran karyakram-aar. aine. tii. see. pee. (1997-2020).
aine. tii. pee. kii kamiyon koo door karane key liye, sarkaar ney 1993 mein antarrashtriya agencies kii sahaayata seey aine. tii. pee. koo punarjeevit karke tii. bee. niyantran gatividhiyon parr ack nayaa jore dene kaa faisala kiya. nidan key maheenon baad tii. bee. kii uchch upchaar kshamata darr koo dekhate hue, naidaanik aur upchaar-adharit ranneeti kii or badhana aine. tii. pee. seey ack samajhadaaripurna pragati thee. iss prakaar sanshodhit rashtriya tb niyantran karyakram (rntcp) koo bhaarat mein tb niyantran karyakram koo punarjeevit karane key liye sabse vyavasthit aur laagat prabhaavi drishtikon key roop mein, antarrashtriya star parr seedhe dekhe jaane vaale upchaar laghu-pathyakram (dots) ranneeti koo apanaaya gayaa. upchaar puuraa honey kii darr badhaane key liye upchaar key praavdhaan key liye ack ranneeti key roop mein dots koo apanaaya gayaa thaa. sangathit aur vyaapak tii. bee. niyantran sevaaon key praavdhaan koo sunishchit karane key liye raajneetik aur prashaasnik pratibaddhata isaki kuchh mukhya ranneetiyaan theen. samanya swaasthya sevaaon mein vishvasaniya aur praarambhik nidan key liye smear microscopy koo vikendrikrit tareeke seey apanaaya gayaa thaa. pranali kii aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane key liye davaaon kii sunishchit aapoorti pradaan karane key liye davaaon kii aapoorti koo bhee majboot kiya gayaa thaa. aar. aine. tii. see. pee. kaa nirmaan aine. tii. pee. key madhyam seey nirmit buniyaadi dhaanche aur pranaliyon parr kiya gayaa thaa. aine. tii. pee. key tahat sthaapit sanrachanaon key oopar aur oopar, aar. aine. tii. see. pee. mein pramukh parivardhan, ack upa-jilaa paryavekshi ikai kii sthaapana thee, jise ack tii. bee. ikai key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen samarpit aar. aine. tii. see. pee. paryavekshakon koo tainaat kiya gayaa thaa, aur naidaanik aur upchaar sevaaon donon kaa vikendrikaran, dott (seedhe dekhe gaye upchaar) pradaataon key samarthan key tahat upchaar diyaa gayaa thaa.
aar. aine. tii. see. pee. kaa badey paimaane parr karyanvayan 1998 key anta mein shuru huaa. seva vitaran shuru karane seey pahale jilon key kathor mulyankan key saath karyakram kaa vistaar charanbaddh tareeke seey kiya gayaa thaa. aar. aine. tii. see. pee. (1998-2005) key pahale charan mein, karyakram kaa dhyaan poore desh mein gunavattapurna dots sevaaon key vistaar koo sunishchit karane parr thaa. praarambhik 5 varsheeya pariyojana yojana desh key 102 jilon mein aar. aine. tii. see. pee. koo lagu karane aur baad key charan mein sanshodhit ranneeti kii shuruat key liye ack aur 203 laghu pathyakram chemotherapy (aiss. see. see.) jilon koo majboot karane kii thee. bhaarat sarkaar ney aar. aine. tii. see. pee. key rashtravyapi vistaar aur varsh 2005 taka poore desh koo aar. aine. tii. see. pee. key tahat shamil karane aur mamle kaa pataa lagaane aur upchaar kii safalata parr tii. bee. niyantran key liye vaishvik lakshyon taka pahunchane kii bhaari chunauti koo uthaaya. nidhi hastaantaran aur tainaat sansadhanon key liye khaate mein dhanchagat vyavastha vikasit kii gaee aur iss prakaar raajya aur jilaa tii. bee. niyantran samitiyon kaa gathan kiya gayaa. inn pranaliyon koo aur majboot kiya gayaa aur 2005 mein rashtriya coverage key liye karyakram koo badhaaya gayaa. bhaarat ney march 2006 mein aar. aine. tii. see. pee. key tahat desh bhar mein coverage hassil kii.
isake baad aar. aine. tii. see. pee. charan II banaaya gayaa, joe 2006 seey pichhale 12 saal kii avadhi mein karyakram key karyanvayan seey seekhane vaale sabak key aadhar parr vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. iss avadhi key dauran karyakram kaa uddeshya gatividhiyon aur pahunch donon key sandarbh mein sevaaon kaa vistaar karna aur uplabdhiyon koo banaae rakhna thaa. dusare charan kaa uddeshya 2015 key liye sahasrabdi vikas lakshyon dwara nirdhaarit tb-sambandhit lakshyon koo praapt karane key liye nae smear positive mamalon kii cumm seey cumm 70 pratishat mamle kaa pataa lagaane kii darr banaae rakhna aur saath hii cumm seey cumm 85 pratishat kii upchaar darr banaae rakhna thaa. rntcp II kaa design lagbhag rntcp aaee key samaan rhaa, lekin niji kshetra key pradaataon kii bhagidari badhaane aur mdr tb aur xdr tb key liye dots + koo shamil karane key liye yojanaon key madhyam seey gunavatta sunishchit nidan aur upchaar kii atirikt aavashyaktaon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. behtar design key liye karyakram koo soochit karane key liye vyavasthit anusandhaan aur sakshya nirmaan koo bhee ack mahatvapurna ghatak key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. vakaalat, sanchaar aur samajik gatishilata koo bhee design mein sambodhit kiya gayaa thaa. aine. aar. aich. aim. key tahat sanrachanaon dwara lagaai gaee chunautiyon koo bhee dhyaan mein rakhaa gayaa.
tii. bee. karyakram key liye web adharit reporting, 2012 mein shuru kii gaee ack aur ullekhaniya upalabdhi rahee haye aur isane desh key dooradraj key swaasthya sansthanon seey vyaktigat rogi detta koo pakadane aur sthanantarit karane mein saksham banaaya haye.
rashtriya tii. bee. unmoolan karyakram-aine. tii. ee. pee. (2020-aaj taka kii tarikh).
2016 seey aar. aine. tii. see. pee. mein teji seey aur pragatisheel pragati kii ack shrinkhala koo majboot karate hue, aur 5 saal pahale antim tii. bee. lakshyon koo praapt karane key liye bhaarat sarkaar kii pratibaddhata key saath, aar. aine. tii. see. pee. kaa naam badalkar rashtriya tii. bee. unmoolan karyakram curr diyaa gayaa. yeh parivartan 1 janwari 2020 seey lagu huaa. iss nirnay kii ghoshana swaasthya aur parivaar kalyan mantralaya key vishesh sachiv sanjeev kumar ney sabhi raajya mukhya sachivon koo ack patra mein kii thee.