upsala sangharsh detta karyakram

upsala sangharsh detta karyakram (yuu. see. dee. pee.) sweeden key upsala vishvavidyalaya mein sthit sangathit hinsa parr ack detta sangrah karyakram haye. yuu. see. dee. pee. sangathit hinsa aur sashastr sangharsh parr detta kaa ack pramukh pradaata haye, aur yeh lagbhag 40 varshon key itihas key saath grih yuddh key liye sabse purani chala rahee detta sangrah pariyojana haye. yuu. see. dee. pee. detta vyavasthit roop seey ekatra kiya jaataa haye aur vaishvik coverage, mamalon aur deshon mein tulanaa aur lambi samay shrinkhala hoti haye. detta koo salana adyatan kiya jaataa haye aur saarvajanik roop seey muft mein upalabdh hotaa haye. isake alawa, africa mein sangathit hinsa kii ghatnaaon parr praarambhik detta masik aadhar parr jaari kiya jaataa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. key aankade harr saal shaanti anusandhaan patrika mein prakaashit hotey hain."yuu. see. dee. pee. apani interactive website, yuu. see. dee. pee. website key madhyam seey bhee apana detta saarvajanik roop seey upalabdh karaata haye.
prishthabhoomi.
yuu. see. dee. pee. ney 1980 key dashak mein chala rahey hinsak sanghrshon key baare mein jaankaari darj karna shuru curr diyaa. yeh spasht hoe gayaa kii shaanti aur sangharsh adhyayan key badhate shaikshanik vishay mein anusandhaan karane key liye sashastr sanghrshon parr adhik vyavasthit aur vaishvik detta aavashyak thaa.
shuru mein, karyakram ney kewal tathaakathit "sashastr sanghrshon" parr detta ekatra kiya, jise dou abhinetaon key beach yuddh seey sambandhit 25 seey adhik mauton key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen seey cumm seey cumm ack raajya thaa. baad key varshon mein, detta sangrah mein vriddhi hui, aur karyakram ney "gair-raajya sanghrshon" (jahaan koee bhee abhineta ack raajya naheen haye) aur "ektarafa hinsa" (jahaan ack sangathit abhineta nihatthe nagrikon parr hamla kartaa haye) parr detta ekatra karna shuru curr diyaa.
yuu. see. dee. pee. seey judey pramukh shodhkartaon mein seey ack professor peater wallenstein hain jinhone 31 julaai 2015 taka karyakram kii sthaapana aur netritva kiya. isake baad wallenstein ney yuu. see. dee. pee. key liye ack varishth salaahkaar key roop mein kaam karna jaari rakhaa.
sangathan.
yuu. see. dee. pee. sweeden mein upsala vishvavidyalaya key shaanti aur sangharsh anusandhaan vibhaag mein sthit haye. karyakram kaa netritva sahayogi professor magnus oberg dwara kiya jaataa haye, aur lagbhag 10-15 anusandhaan sahayakon aur shodhkartaon koo niyukt kartaa haye. kaee vidvaanon aur ph.dee. ummidwar bhee karyakram seey sambaddh hain. detta ekatra karane key alawa, yeh karyakram shaikshanik aur sarkari manchon parr vyakhyanon key madhyam seey janata key liye sashastr sangharsh key rujhaanon aur gatishilata parr gyaan kaa prasaar kartaa haye, saath hii saath manvadhikaron key liye swedish munch jaise sammelanon aur pradarshaniyon mein bhaag lene key madhyam seey bhee.
sahyog karein.
yuu. see. dee. pee. kaee mahatvapurna sahyogon kaa hissa haye, udaaharan key liye norwey mein shaanti anusandhaan sansthaan oslo (priya) key saath vyaapak aur achchi tarah seey sthaapit sahyog. isake alawa, yuu. see. dee. pee. upsala vishvavidyalaya, sweeden mein hinsa poorv-chetavani pranali (vichaar) pariyojana key saath-saath loktantra (vee-dame) aur sarkari sansthaan (kyu. oh. jee.) kii gunavatta key saath milkar kaam kartaa haye, donon gothenberg vishvavidyalaya, sweeden mein sthit hain. yuu. see. dee. pee. europeeya sangh key vigyaan aur praudyogiki (laagat) mein sahyog dwara vitt poshit ack network, sangharsh anusandhaan (encore) key liye europeeya network kaa hissa thaa, jisamen europe key sabhi pramukh anusandhaan sansthaan shamil they joe sashastr sangharsh parr matratmak aur detta sanchaalit anusandhaan karate hain. yuu. see. dee. pee. kaa lambe samay seey kanada key vancouver mein maanav suraksha report pariyojana (aich. aiss. aar. pee.) key saath sahyog thaa, una varshon key dauran jaba yeh pariyojana chala rahee thee.
yuu. see. dee. pee. detta kaa upayog.
saikadon vidvaanon ney anusandhaan key liye yuu. see. dee. pee. key aankadon kaa upayog kiya haye. sweeden aur videshon donon mein vishvavidyalayon mein shaanti aur sangharsh parr shodh mein vyaapak roop seey upayog kiye jaane key alawa, yuu. see. dee. pee. detta kaa upayog saarvajanik swaasthya, vyavasaay aur arthshastra, pravaas aur pravasiyon sahit kaee anya vishayon mein bhee kiya jaataa haye, saath hii saath krishi, jaiv vividhata aur matsya paalan parr dhyaan kendrit karane vaale adhyayanon mein bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. kaa upayog sanyukt rashtra dwara pramukhta seey kiya jaataa haye, aur yuu. aine. parivaar key sangathanon dwara uchch profile reports mein ack mukhya detta srot key roop mein kaary kartaa haye jisamen yuu. aine./doubleu. bee., vishva baink aur khaadya aur krishi sangathan (aff. aeye. oh.) shamil hain. yuu. see. dee. pee. detta vishva baink key "vishva vikas sanketkon" kaa ack abhinn anga haye, jahaan yeh sashastr sangharsh aur isaki teevrata key star aur "bimari key vaishvik bojh" (jee. bee. dee.) karyakram koo maapane key liye ekmatra sanketak haye. detta kaa upayog kaee swedish aur videshi sarkari agencies aur kaee antarrashtriya ngo dwara kiya jaataa haye.jee. bachchon koo antarrashtriya, chhote hathiyaron key sarvekshan aur gapminder seey bachaaen. yuu. see. dee. pee. detta koo arthshastra aur shaanti sansthaan key vaishvik shaanti soochkaank mein shamil kiya gayaa haye, aur moe ibrahim foundation apane soochkaank key liye yuu. see. dee. pee. detta kaa upayog kartaa haye joe african deshon mein shasson kii gunavatta kaa aaklan kartaa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. detta kaa upayog aksar patrakaron dwara kiya jaataa haye. sweeden key kuchh sabse badey media outlet baar-baar yuu. see. dee. pee. karmchaariyon kaa sakshatkar lete hain, aur yuu. see. dee. pee. detta niyamit roop seey anya key alawa, desense naihetar, swenska dagbladet aur mukhya swedish radio prasarak, sweriges radio mein prakaashit hotaa haye. isake alawa, yuu. see. dee. pee. kaa upayog aksar sashastr sanghrshon aur sangathit hinsa key sambandh mein antarrashtriya media mein kiya jaataa haye aur iska ullekh kiya jaataa haye, udaaharan key liye bee. bee. see., abhibhaavak aur washington post key saath-saath kuchh pramukh antarrashtriya samachar agencies, jaise kii agency france-press (aeye. aff. pee.) aur reuters mein. 2016 mein, yuu. see. dee. pee. koo sanrakshak dwara antarrashtriya vikas anusandhaan key liye detta key sheersh duss sarvshreshth sroton mein seey ack key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa, jaise kii yuu. dee. pee. key maanav vikas soochkaank aur antarrashtriya mudra kosh kii detta site aur report.
prakaashan.
1993 seey, sabhi sashastr sanghrshon kii ack soochi aur sangathit hinsa mein pramukh vikas aur rujhaanon kaa ack sankshipt vivaran "shaanti anusandhaan patrika" mein prativarsh dikhaai detaa haye. yuu. see. dee. pee. detta koo "sipri vaarshik pustika" mein 1988-2017 mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, aur gair-raajya sanghrshon parr detta "maanav suraksha report" mein 2004-2013 mein dikhaai diyaa thaa. detta koo yuu. see. dee. pee. website key madhyam seey bhee prasaarit kiya jaataa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. sangharsh vishvakosh (yuu. see. dee. pee. databases).
yuu. see. dee. pee. apane online databases (yuu. see. dee. pee. sangharsh vishvakosh) koo sanchaalit aur lagaatar update kartaa haye, joe ack samvaadaatmak databases haye, joe sashastr sanghrshon aur sangathit hinsa parr detta koo dekhane, sambhaalane aur download karane key liye ack web-adharit pranali pradaan kartaa haye. website sashastr sangharsh key kaee pahaluon jaise sangharsh gatishilata, samoohon, abhinetaon, teesare paksh kii bhagidari, aur sangharsh samadhan aur shaanti samjhauton key baare mein jaankaari pradaan karati haye. sahaj gyaan yukt vishva maanchitron kaa upayog karke vishisht deshon, sanghrshon aur hiton key varshon key baare mein jaankaari praapt karna sambhav haye. ack upayogkarta yuu. see. dee. pee. dataset download kendra seey sangathit hinsa aur shaanti nirmaan parr taiyar dataset download curr sakata haye, saath hii upayogkarta kii pasand key anukoolit detta chayan bhee. ack saarvajanik api bhee haye jahan upayogkarta machine-pathaniya praarup mein ucdp detta taka pahunch sakate hain.
yuu. see. dee. pee. kii sangathit hinsa kii paribhaashaaen.
yeh karyakram sashastr sangharsh koo teen shreniyon mein vibhajit kartaa haih "raajya-adharit sangharsh", "gair-raajya sangharsh" aur "ektarafa hinsa".
raajya-adharit sangharsh koo sandarbhit kartaa haye jise adhikansh loga sahaj gyaan seey "yuddh" key roop mein dekhate hain; yaa tou dou raajyon key beach, yaa ack raajya aur ack vidrohi samooh key beach ladanaa joe ise chunauti detaa haye. yuu. see. dee. pee. ack sashastr raajya-adharit sangharsh koo iss prakaar paribhaashit kartaa haih "ack sashastr sangharsh ack vivaadit asangatata haye joe sarkaar aur/yaa kshetra seey sambandhit haye, jahaan dou pakshon key beach sashastr bull kaa upayog, jisamen seey cumm seey cumm ack raajya kii sarkaar haye, ack calender varsh mein cumm seey cumm 25 yuddh-sambandhit mauton mein parinit hotaa haye.
karyakram kii paribhasha anya detta sangrah karyakramon seey kuchh hudd taka alag haye, jaise kii yuddh pariyojana key sahsambandh, joe kewal una sanghrshon kii ginati kartaa haye jahaan ack calender varsh key dauran cumm seey cumm 1,000 mautein darj kii gaee hain. yuu. see. dee. pee. mein, iss parimaan key sashastr sangharsh koo "yuddh" kii teevrata key star key roop mein label kiya gayaa haye, jabaki yuddh seey sambandhit 25 aur 999 mauton key beach honey vaale sashastr sanghrshon koo "mamuli" sashastr sangharsh kii teevrata key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye.
gair-raajya sangharsh way sangharsh hain jinamen koee bhee yuddharat paksh raajya naheen haye. gair-raajya sanghrshon key udaharanon mein fatah-haama sangharsh, antar-jaatiya samooh sangharsh jaise kii lau noor-murle sangharsh aur maxican nashili davaaon key yuddh mein antar-cartel hinsa shamil hain.
ektarafa hinsa koo iss prakaar paribhaashit kiya gayaa haih "kissy raajya kii sarkaar dwara yaa nagrikon key khilaf ack aupchaarik roop seey sangathit samooh dwara sashastr bull kaa upayog jisake parinamswarup ack varsh mein cumm seey cumm 25 mautein hoti hain. udaharanon mein nagrikon key khilaf sudan, myanmar aur seeriya kii sarkaaron dwara kii gaee kaarrvaaiyon key saath-saath gair-raajya sangathanon jaise loss jetaa, all-kayda aur nagrikon key khilaf lords pratirodh senaa kii kaarravaai shamil haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. detta.
aankada sangrah.
yuu. see. dee. pee. soochana ekatra karane key liye mudrit aur electronic saarvajanik sroton donon kaa upayog kartaa haye. sabhi sroton koo haath seey padhaa jaataa haye. mukhya srot factiva databases haye joe duniya bhar key 30,000 seey adhik samachar patron, samachar taaron aur anya sroton seey banaa haye. pratyek desh key liye, yuu. see. dee. pee. bee. see. nigrani key alawa cumm seey cumm ack vaishvik samachar taar (aeye. aff. pee., reuters, aeye. pee., jinhua, yaa agencia ee. aff. ee.) kaa upayog kartaa haye. atirikt sroton mein naee prakaashit pustaken, cases studdy, "africa research bulletin" jaisi patrikaaen, shodh report, antarrashtriya aur bahurashtriya sangathanon key dastavej, manvadhikar nigrani aur maafi antarrashtriya jaise ngo dwara prakaashan aur ladane vaale dalon key dastavej shamil hain. sroton kaa mulyankan usa sandarbh key anusaar kiya jaataa haye jisamen way prakaashit kiye jaate hain, aur vishvasaniyata sthaapit karane key liye reports kaa praathamik srot seey pataa lagaaya jaataa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. key karmchari sadasya vaarshik aadhar parr lagbhag 10 000-12 000 karyakramon koo manual roop seey code karate hain.
yuu. see. dee. pee. bhoo-sandarbhit ghatana dataset (jee. ee. dee.).
yeh yuu. see. dee. pee. key mukhya dataset mein seey ack haye aur yeh sabse alag haye. jee. ee. dee. mein sangathit hinsa kii vyaktigat ghatnaaon (ack nishchit samay aur sthaan parr honey vaali ghaatak hinsa kii ghatnaaon) koo shamil kiya gayaa haye. yeye ghatanaaen kaee sthaanik aur laukik locators key liye paryaapt roop seey bareek hain, jaise kii sthaan kaa naam, prashaasnik vibhajan, aur bhaugolik nirdeshank alag-alag gaanvon key star taka, saath hii saath shuruat aur anta kii taareekhen, joe ekal, vyaktigat dinon mein vibhajit hain. yuu. see. dee. pee. dwara dataset koo salana adyatan kiya jaataa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee./priya sashastr sangharsh dataset.
yuu. see. dee. pee./priya sashastr sangharsh dataset yuu. see. dee. pee. aur priyon key beach ack sanyukt pariyojana haye joe 1946 seey sashastr sanghrshon koo darj karati haye jisake parinamswarup cumm seey cumm 25 yuddh seey sambandhit mautein hoti hain aur jisamen cumm seey cumm ack abhineta ack raajya kii sarkaar hoti haye. yuu. see. dee. pee. dwara dataset koo salana adyatan kiya jaataa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. diadic dataset.
yuu. see. dee. pee. diadic dataset yuu. see. dee. pee./priya sashastr sangharsh dataset kaa ack died-varsh sanskaran haye. ack dall mein ack sashastr sangharsh mein dou virodhi kaarak hotey hain jahaan cumm seey cumm ack dall ack raajya kii sarkaar hoti haye. yuu. see. dee. pee. dwara dataset koo salana adyatan kiya jaataa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. yuddh seey sambandhit mauton kaa dataset.
iss dataset mein sanghrshon mein yuddh seey sambandhit mauton kii sankhya kii jaankaari hoti haye joe yuu. see. dee. pee./priya sashastr sangharsh dataset mein dikhaai detee haye. dataset koo salana adyatan kiya jaataa haye.
aam taur parr, yuddh seey sambandhit mautein yuddharat dalon key sashastr balon koo shamil karate hue "samanya" yuddh key roop mein varnit kii jaa sakati hain. isamen paaramparik yuddh key maidan mein ladaai, gurilla gatividhiyaan (jaise.jee. hitt-aind-runn hamale/ghaat lagaakar hamla) aur sainya ikaaiyon, shaharon aur gaanvon aadi parr sabhi prakaar kii bambari. aam taur parr lakshya senaa aur usake pratishthaan, yaa raajya sansthaan aur raajya key pratinidhi hotey hain, lekin aksar crossfire, andhadhundh bumm visfoton aadi mein maare gaye nagrikon key roop mein paryaapt sampaarshvik kshati hoti haye. aisee sthitiyon mein honey vaali sabhi mauton-sainya aur nagrik-koo yuddh seey sambandhit mauton key roop mein ginaa jaataa haye.
mrityu key aankade anya bataae gaye anumaanon kii tulanaa mein kaafee cumm hoe sakate hain kyonki yuu. see. dee. pee. key aankadon mein bimari aur/yaa yuddh key samay kii mahamariyon seey honey vaali mautein shamil naheen hain, yaa vibhinn prakaar key sashastr sanghrshon key beach hatahaton key aankadon koo jodaa gayaa haye.
yuu. see. dee. pee. gair-raajya sangharsh dataset.
yuu. see. dee. pee. gair-raajya sangharsh dataset mein sampradayik aur sangathit sashastr sangharsh kii jaankaari hoti haye, jisamen koee bhee paksh kissy raajya kii sarkaar naheen haye. yuu. see. dee. pee. dwara dataset koo salana adyatan kiya jaataa haye. ack gair-raajya sashastr sangharsh koo yuu. see. dee. pee. dwara "dou sangathit sashastr samoohon key beach sashastr bull key upayog key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, jinamen seey koee bhee raajya kii sarkaar naheen haye, jisake parinamswarup ack varsh mein cumm seey cumm 25 yuddh seey sambandhit mautein hoti hain..
yuu. see. dee. pee. ektarafa hinsa dataset.
yuu. see. dee. pee. ektarafa hinsa dataset ack abhineta-varsh dataset haye jisamen sarkaaron aur aupchaarik roop seey sangathit sashastr samoohon dwara nagrikon parr jaanboojhkar hamalon kii jaankaari hoti haye. yuu. see. dee. pee. dwara dataset koo salana adyatan kiya jaataa haye. ektarafa hinsa koo yuu. see. dee. pee. dwara "kissy raajya kii sarkaar dwara yaa nagrikon key khilaf ack aupchaarik roop seey sangathit samooh dwara sashastr bull key upayog key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, jisake parinamswarup ack varsh mein cumm seey cumm 25 mautein hoti hain."

