dolly (bhed)

dolly (5 julaai 1996-14 farwari 2003) ack maadaa finn-dorset bhed thee aur pahala standhari thaa jise ack vayask shaaririk koshika seey pratiroopit kiya gayaa thaa. stun granthi seey lii gaee koshika seey paramanu hastaantaran kii prakriya kaa upayog karate hue, scotland mein roslin sansthaan key sahyogiyon dwara unakaa pratiroopan kiya gayaa thaa. unaki cloning ney saabit curr diyaa kii ack clone kiye gaye jeev koo shareer key ack vishisht bhaag seey ack paripakva koshika seey utpaadit kiya jaa sakata haye. lokpriya dhaarana key vipareet, vaha pratiroopan karane vaali pahali janwar naheen thee.
cloning key liye bhroon stame koshikaon key badale mein vayask shaaririk koshikaon kaa rojgar johnn gerden key moolbhoot kaam seey ubhara, jinhone 1958 mein iss drishtikon key saath african panje vaale mendhakon kii pratiroopan kii. dolly kii safal cloning ney stame cell anusandhaan key bheetar vyaapak pragati kii, jisamen prerit pluripotent stame koshikaon kii khoj bhee shamil haye.
dolly apane poore jeevan mein roslin sansthaan mein rahati thee aur kaee bhed key bachche paida karati thee. fefadon kii ack pragatisheel bimari key kaaran chhah saal kii umr mein unhein ichchamrityu dey dee gaee thee. roga koo usaki cloning seey jodane kaa koee kaaran naheen paaya gayaa.
dolly key shareer koo scotland mein roslin sansthaan dwara sanrakshit aur daan kiya gayaa thaa, joe kii 2003 seey niyamit roop seey pradarshit kiya jaa rhaa haye.
utpatti.
dolly koo keth campbelle, iaan wilmut aur roslin sansthaan mein sahyogiyon dwara pratiroopit kiya gayaa thaa, joe edinberg vishvavidyalaya, scotland kaa hissa thaa aur edinberg key paas sthit jaiv praudyogiki company pee. pee. ell. therapeutics thee. dolly kii cloning key liye dhana pee. pee. ell. chikitsa aur krishi mantralaya dwara pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. unakaa janm 5 julaai 1996 koo huaa thaa aur 14 farwari 2003 koo ack pragatisheel fefde kii bimari seey unaki mrityu hoe gaee thee jise unake clone honey seey asambandhit maanaa jaataa thaa. bbc news aur "scientific american" sahit sroton dwara unhein "duniya kii sabse prasiddh bhed" kahaa gayaa haye.
dolly kii cloning key liye daataa key roop mein upayog kii jaane vaali koshika koo stun granthi seey liya gayaa thaa, aur ack swasth clone kaa utpaadan, isaliye, saabit huaa kii shareer key ack vishisht hisse seey lii gaee koshika ack poore vyakti koo phir seey banaa sakati haye. dolly key naam parr, wilmut ney kahaa, "dolly ack stun granthi koshika seey praapt hoti haye aur humm dolly parton kii tulanaa mein granthiyon kii adhik prabhaavshaali jodee key baare mein naheen soch sakate."
janm.
dolly kaa janm 5 julaai 1996 koo huaa thaa aur unaki teen maataaen theenh ack ney andaa pradaan kiya, doosari ney dna, aur teesari ney pratiroopit bhroon koo avadhi taka leey jaaya. usey shaaririk koshika paramanu hastaantaran kii takneek kaa upayog karke banaaya gayaa thaa, jahan ack vayask koshika seey koshika naabhik koo ack nishechit andakoshika (andaa koshika vikasit karane vaali) mein sthanantarit kiya jaataa haye, jisake koshika naabhik koo hataa diyaa gayaa haye. sankar koshika koo taba ack vidyut aghaat dwara vibhajit karane key liye uttejit kiya jaataa haye, aur jaba yeh ack blastocyst mein vikasit hotaa haye tou ise ack surrogate maan mein pratyaaropit kiya jaataa haye. dolly ack vayask standhari seey lii gaee koshika seey utpaadit pahala clone thaa. dolly key utpaadan seey pataa chalaa kii iss tarah kii ack paripakva vibhedak shaaririk koshika key naabhik mein jeane abhee bhee ack bhroon totipotent sthiti mein lautane mein saksham hain, ack koshika kaa nirmaan karate hain joe phir ack janwar key kissy bhee hisse mein vikasit hoe sakati haye.
dolly key astitva kii ghoshana 22 farwari 1997 koo janata key saamane kii gaee thee. isane media mein bahut dhyaan aakarshit kiya. bhed key saath khelane vaale scotish vaigyaanikon key saath ack vigyaapan tv parr prasaarit kiya gayaa thaa, aur "time" patrika mein ack vishesh report mein dolly koo dikhaaya gayaa thaa. "vigyaan" ney dolly koo varsh kii safalata key roop mein chitrit kiya. bhale hii dolly pahali clone kii gaee pashu naheen thee, lekin usane media kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya kyonki vaha ack vayask koshika seey pahali clone kii gaee thee.
jeevan.
dolly ney apana puuraa jeevan midlothian mein roslin sansthaan mein bitaaya. vahaan usey ack velsh pahaadi medhe key saath paalaa gayaa aur kull chhah bhed key bachche paida kiye. unakaa pahala bhed kaa bachcha, jiska naam bonny thaa, aprail 1998 mein paida huaa thaa. agale saal dolly ney dou bhed key bachche saili aur rossie kaa utpaadan kiya, aur 2000 mein unhone teen luciyon, darcy aur kapas koo janm diyaa. 2001 key anta mein, chaar saal kii umr mein, dolly koo gathiya hoe gayaa aur vaha kathorta seey chalane luggy. iska ilaaj anty-inflammatory davaaon seey kiya gayaa thaa.
mrityu.
14 farwari 2003 koo, dolly koo ichchamrityu dey dee gaee kyonki usey fefadon kii ack pragatisheel bimari aur gambhir gathiya thaa. dolly jaise ack finn dorset kii jeevan pratyasha lagbhag 11 seey 12 varsh haye, lekin dolly 6.5 varsh taka jeevit rahee. ack postmortem jaanch seey pataa chalaa kii usey fefadon key cancer kaa ack roop thaa jise oveen pulmonary adenocarcinoma kahaa jaataa haye, jise jagsike key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, joe bhed kii ack kaafee aam bimari haye aur retrovirus jsrv key kaaran hoti haye. roslin vaigyaanikon ney kahaa kii unhein naheen lagata thaa kii dolly key clone honey kaa koee sambandh thaa, aur usee jhund mein anya bheden usee bimari seey marr gaee theen. fefadon kii aisee beemaariyaan bhed key liye ack vishesh khatra hain jinhen ghar key ander rakhaa jaataa haye, aur dolly koo suraksha karanon seey ander sonaa padata thaa.
press mein kuchh logon ney anuman lagaaya kii dolly kii mrityu mein ack yogdan kaarak yeh thaa kii vaha chhah saal kii aanuvanshik umr key saath paida hoe sakati thee, usee umr mein jiss umr seey vaha clone kii gaee thee. iss vichaar kaa ack aadhar yeh thaa kii dolly key telomerase chhote they, joe aamtaur parr umr badhane kii prakriya kaa parinam haye. roslin sansthaan ney kahaa kii gahan swaasthya jaanch seey dolly mein koee asamanyata naheen saamane aaee joe unnat umr badhane seey aaa sakati thee.
2016 mein, vaigyaanikon ney terah clone kii gaee bhed mein koee dosh naheen bataaya, jisamen dolly key samaan koshika rekha seey chaar shamil hain. cloning key deerghakaalik swaasthya parinamon kii sameeksha karane key liye pahale adhyayan mein, lekhakon koo asthisandhivaat key kuchh mamuli udaharanon key alawa dair seey shuru honey vaali, gair-sanchari beemariyon kaa koee saboot naheen milaa aur nishkarsh nikala kii "hamein hamaare samooh key beach vriddh santanon key swaasthya parr cloning key hanikarak deerghakaalik prabhaav kaa koee saboot naheen milaa."
dolly kii mrityu key baad unake shareer koo taxidermy key madhyam seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa thaa aur vartamaan mein edinberg mein scotland key rashtriya sangrahalaya mein pradarshit kiya gayaa haye.
viraasat.
dolly key utpaadan key madhyam seey cloning kaa safaltapurvak pradarshan karane key baad, suar, hiran, ghode aur bail sahit kaee anya badey standhaariyon kii cloning kii gaee. argli (pahaadi bhed) koo pratiroopit karane key prayaas seey vyavharya bhroon kaa utpaadan naheen huaa. ack banteng bail koo pratiroopit karane kaa prayaas adhik safal rhaa, jaisa kii mauflon (jangli bhed kaa ack roop) koo pratiroopit karane key prayaas they, donon key parinamswarup vyavharya santaanen huin. cloning key dauran koshikaon koo jinn punahprograaming prakriya seey gujarna padata haye, vaha sahee naheen haye aur paramanu hastaantaran dwara utpaadit bhroon aksar asamanya vikas dikhaate hain. clone kiye gaye standhaariyon kaa nirmaan atyadhik aksham thaa 1996 mein dolly ekmatra bhed kaa bachcha thaa joe 277 prayason seey vayaskata taka jeevit rhaa. 2014 taka cheeni vaigyaanikon key paas 70-80% safalata darr kii soochana dee gaee thee aur 2016 mein, ack koriyai company, soam biotech, ack dinn mein 500 pratiroopit bhroon kaa utpaadan curr rahee thee. wilmut, jinhone dolly banaane vaali team kaa netritva kiya, ney 2007 mein ghoshana kii kii paramanu hastaantaran takneek manushyon mein upayog key liye kabhi bhee paryaapt roop seey kushal naheen hoe sakati haye.
cloning kaa upayog luptapray prajaatiyon key sanrakshan mein hoe sakata haye, aur vilupt prajaatiyon koo punarjeevit karane key liye ack vyavharya upkaran bunn sakata haye. janwari 2009 mein, uttari spen mein khaadya praudyogiki aur aragon key anusandhaan kendra key vaigyaanikon ney jangli pahaadi bakri key ack roop pyrenean ibex kii cloning kii ghoshana kii, jise aadhikarik taur parr 2000 mein vilupt ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki navjat ibex kii janm key turant baad usake fefadon mein bhautik doshon key kaaran mrityu hoe gaee thee, yeh pahali baar haye jaba ack vilupt janwar kii cloning kii gaee haye, aur yeh luptapray aur naee vilupt prajaatiyon koo jamey hue ootak seey punarjeevit karke bachaane key liye darwaaje khol sakata haye.
julaai 2016 mein, dolly key chaar samaan clone (dezzy, debby, dyna aur dennis) nau saal kii umr mein jeevit aur swasth they.
"vaigyaanik americi" ney 2016 mein nishkarsh nikala kii dolly kii mukhya viraasat jaanvaron kii cloning naheen haye, balki stame cell anusandhaan mein pragati haye. dolly key baad, shodhkartaon ney mahsoos kiya kii samanya koshikaon koo prerit pluripotent stame koshikaon key liye punah krambaddh kiya jaa sakata haye, jinhen kissy bhee ootak mein ugaaya jaa sakata haye.
ack primate prajaati kii pahali safal cloning janwari 2018 mein usee vidhi kaa upayog karke report kii gaee thee, jisane dolly kaa utpaadan kiya thaa. ack makak bandar key dou samaan clone, jhong jhong aur huaa huaa, chean mein shodhkartaon dwara banaae gaye they aur 2017 key anta mein paida hue they.
janwari 2019 mein, chean mein vaigyaanikon ney iss vidhi kaa upayog karate hue phir seey paanch samaan clone kiye gaye jeane-sampaadit bandaron key nirmaan kii soochana dee, aur jeane-sampadan krispr-cases 9 takneek kaa kathit roop seey unhone ziankui dwara pahale jeane-sanshodhit maanav shishuon lulu aur naana key nirmaan mein upayog kiya. bandar key pratiroop kaee chikitsa rogon kaa adhyayan karane key liye banaae gaye they.

