russie samajik loktaantrik shram party

russie samajik loktaantrik shram party (rsdlp; rsdlp; rssijskja social-Demokratičeskja rabočja partija (rsdrp)), jise russie samajik loktaantrik kaaryakartaon kii party yaa russie samajik loktaantrik party key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, 1898 mein minsk (taba russie samrajya key uttar-paschimi cry mein, vartamaan bellaroos) mein sthaapit ack samajwadi raajneetik party thee.
russie samrajya key vibhinn krantikari sangathanon koo ack party mein ekjut karane key liye gathit, aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. 1903 mein bolshevik ("bahumat") aur menshevik ("alpasankhyak") guton mein vibhajit hoe gayaa, jisamen bolshevik gutt antatah soviyat sangh kii communist party bunn gayaa.
itihas.
utpatti aur praarambhik gatividhiyaan.
aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. pahala russie markswadi samooh naheen thaa; 1883 mein shram samooh kii mukti kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. koo narodanikon key krantikari loklubhavanvad kaa virodh karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, jiska baad mein samajwadi krantikari party (aiss. aar. aiss.) dwara pratinidhitva kiya gayaa thaa. march 1898 mein minsk mein ack bhoomigat sammelan mein aar. aiss. ell. dee. pee. kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan nau pratinidhi theh yahudi shram bund seey, aur keev mein "robochaya gazetta" ("shramikon kaa samachar patra") seey, donon ack saal pahale 1897 mein gathit hue they; aur sent pietersberg mein shramik varg kii mukti key liye sangharsh kii leag. masco aur yekaterinburg key kuchh atirikt samajik loktantravadiyon ney bhee bhaag liya. aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. karyakram sakhti seey carle marks aur friedrich engels key siddhanton parr adharit thaa. vishesh roop seey, usa samay roose kii krishi prakriti key bavjood, vaastavik krantikari kshamata audyogik shramik varg key paas thee. iss samay, 30 laakh russie audyogik shramik they, joe aabaadi kaa kewal 3 pratishat thaa. aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. apane adhikansh astitva key liye avaidh thaa. congress key ack maheene key bheetar, nau pratinidhiyon mein seey paanch koo "okhrana" (shaahi gupt pulis) dwara giraftar kiya gayaa thaa.
1903 mein doosari party congress seey pahale, vladmir ilich ulyanov (jinhen unake chhadm naam vladmir lenin seey behtar jaanaa jaataa haye) naamak ack yuva buddhijivi party mein shamil hoe gaye. 1902 mein unhone "kyaa kiya jaanaa haye?" prakaashit kiya thaa.", party key uchit kaary aur karyapranali key baare mein apane drishtikon koo rekhaankit karate hueh" "sarvahara varg kaa agradoot" "banaana. unhone pratibaddh kaaryakartaon kii ack anushaasit, kendrikrit party kii vakaalat kii joe raajneetik swatantrata key liye bhoomigat sangharsh koo sarvahara varg key varg sangharsh key saath jodd dega.
aantarik vibhajan.
1903 mein, doosari party congress ack sanyukt bull banaane key prayaas mein brussels mein nirvaasan mein millie. haalaanki, belgium key adhikaariyon key abhootpoorv dhyaan key baad congress 11 agast koo tottenham court road mein ack chappel mein baithak key liye landan chully gaee. congress mein, party 17 navambar koo dou aparivartaniya guton mein vibhajit hoe gaeeh bolshevik ("bolshinsto" seey vyutpann-"bahumat" key liye russie), jiska netritva lenin curr rahey they; aur menshevik ("menshinsto" seey-"alpasankhyak" key liye russie), jiska netritva julius martov curr rahey they. bhramit karane vaali baat yeh haye kii menshevik vaastav mein badaa gutt they, lekin menshevik aur bolshevik naam 1903 mein party congress mein party samachar patra key sampadakiya board "iscra" ("spark") key liye aayojit ack vote seey liye gaye they, jisamen bolshevik bahumat mein they aur menshevik alpasankhyak they. yeye naam party congress key baaki hisson key liye guton dwara upayog kiye gaye they aur yeye naam 1903 kii congress mein vibhajan key baad banaae rakhe gaye they. baad mein lenin kaa gutt alpamat mein aaa gayaa aur russie kranti taka menshevikon seey chhota rhaa.
congress mein ack kendriya mudda party kii sadasyata kii paribhasha kaa sawal thaa. martov ney nimnalikhit sutrikaran kaa prastaav rakhaah "russie samajik loktaantrik shram party kaa ack sadasya vaha haye joe party key karyakram koo sweekaar kartaa haye, party koo aarthik roop seey samarthan detaa haye, aur apane sangathanon mein seey ack key nirdeshan mein ise niyamit roop seey vyaktigat sahaayata pradaan kartaa haye. doosari or, lenin ney ack adhik sakht paribhasha kaa prastaav rakhaah "russie samajik-loktaantrik shram party kaa ack sadasya vaha haye joe isake karyakram koo sweekaar kartaa haye aur joe party key sangathanon mein seey ack mein vittiya aur vyaktigat bhagidari donon dwara party kaa samarthan kartaa haye. party kii sadasyata kii martov kii badee tent paribhasha ney shuru mein vote jeetaa. haalaanki, unakaa bahumat alpakaalik thaa, kyonki alag-alag karanon seey, party seey baahar nikalane key baad, isake bundist aur arthashastri sadasyon ney unaki paribhasha kaa samarthan kiya thaa. joe party key sadasyon kii lenin kii paribhasha key paksh mein bahumat mein chhod gayaa, vaastav mein, peshevar krantikari-kendriya roop seey nirdeshit, kadee anushaasit, aur isaliye zaarvaadi pulis raajya mein prabhaavi dhang seey kaam karane mein saksham. isase gutt key naam liye gaeh "bahumat" ("bolshevik") aur "alpasankhyak" ("menshevik").
punarmilan key kaee prayason key bavjood, vibhajan sthaayi saabit huaa. jaise-jaise samay beetata gayaa, mool sangathanaatmak matbhedon key alawa vaichaarik matbhed bhee ubharate gaye. 1903 key baad key varshon mein joe mukhya antar saamane aaya vaha yeh thaa kii bolshevikon kaa maanana thaa kii kewal shramik, kisaanon dwara samarthit, roose mein poonjipati-loktaantrik krantikari karyon koo puuraa curr sakate hain, joe taba germany, france aur britten mein samajwadi kranti koo protsaahan pradaan karenge, jabaki menshevikon kaa maanana thaa kii shramikon aur kisaanon koo roose mein poonjipati-loktaantrik krantikari karyon koo puuraa karane key liye udaar poonjipati varg seey prabuddh logon kii talash karni chaahiye. donon yuddharat gutt iss baat parr sahmat hue kii aaney vaali kranti roose key bheetar "poonjipati-loktaantrik" hogi, lekin jaba kii menshevik iss kaary mein liberalon koo mukhya sahayogi key roop mein dekhate they, bolshevikon ney mazdoor varg key hiton kii raksha karate hue poonjipati-loktaantrik krantikari karyon koo puuraa karane key liye kisaanon key saath gathbandhan kaa vikalp chunaa. anivarya roop seey, antar yeh thaa kii bolshevikon kaa maanana thaa kii roose mein poonjipati loktaantrik kranti key karyon koo poonjipati varg kii bhagidari key binaa puuraa karna hoga. teesari party congress bolshevikon dwara alag seey aayojit kii gaee thee.
chauthi party congress stockholm, sweeden mein aayojit kii gaee thee aur donon guton (bahumat mein menshevikon key saath) kaa aupchaarik punarmilan dekhaa gayaa thaa, lekin kaaryavaahi key dauran bolshevik aur menshevik vichaaron key beach visangatiyan vishesh roop seey spasht hoe gaeen.
5veen party congress 1907 mein landan, ingland mein aayojit kii gaee thee. isane bolshevik gutt kii sarvochata koo majboot kiya aur roose mein saamyavaadi kranti key liye ranneeti parr bahas kii. joseph stallin ney baad mein kabhi bhee landan mein apane rahane kaa ullekh naheen kiya.
1912 vibhajan.
samajik loktantravadiyon (aiss. dee. aiss.) ney pahale duma (aprail-julaai 1906) key chunaavon kaa bahishkaar kiya, lekin dusare duma (farwari-juuna 1907) mein unakaa pratinidhitva kiya gayaa. aiss. aar. aiss. key saath, unake paas 83 seeten theen. senaa koo paraast karane key liye ack aiss. dee. sajish kii khoj key bahaane doosara duma bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa. nae chunavi kaanoonon key tahat, teesare duma (1907-1912) mein aiss. dee. kii upasthiti ghataakar 19 curr dee gaee thee. chauthe duma (1912-1917) seey, aiss. dee. antatah aur poori tarah seey vibhajit hoe gaye they. menshevikon key duma mein saat sadasya they aur bolshevikon key paas chhah sadasya they, jinamen roman malinowski bhee shamil thaa, jise baad mein ack okhrana agent key roop mein ujagar kiya gayaa thaa.
1905 kii russie kranti kii haar key baad zaarvaadi daman key varshon mein, bolshevik aur menshevik donon guton koo vibhajan kaa saamana karna padaa, jisase aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. mein aur vibhajan huaa, joe 1908 key anta aur usake turant baad key varshon seey prakat huaa. menshevikon koo jiyorgi plekhanov key netritva mein "samarthak party menshevikon" mein vibhajit curr diyaa gayaa, joe avaidh bhoomigat kaam key saath-saath kanuni kaam koo banaae rakhna chaahte they; aur "parisamaapak", jinake sabse pramukh adhivakta paivel axelroad, fyodor danne, nikolai alexandrovic rojhkov aur nikole chakhedze they, joe vishuddh roop seey kanuni gatividhiyon koo aage badhaane kii ichcha rakhate they aur joe abb avaidh aur bhoomigat kaam koo aswikar curr rahey they.
bolshevikon ney teen maargon koo lenin, grigori zinovieve aur lev kamenev key netritva mein sarvahara samooh mein vibhajit curr diyaa, jinhone parisamaapakon, ativaadi aur recollists key khilaf ack bhayankar sangharsh chalaaya; grigori alexinsky key netritva mein ativaadi samooh, joe party line kaa paalan karane yaa turant istifa dene key liye rsdlp duma key pratinidhiyon koo atimat jaari karna chaahte they; aur alekjendar bogovdan aur anatoli lunacharsky key netritva mein recollist samooh aur maxim gorki dwara samarthit, jinhone sabhi rsdlp duma key pratinidhiyon koo tatkaal vaapas bulaane aur rsdlp dwara sabhi kanuni karyon kaa bahishkaar karane kaa ahwan kiya, joe kattarpanthi aur avaidh kaam mein vriddhi key paksh mein thaa.
leone trotsky key netritva mein ack gair-gutt samooh bhee thaa, jisane aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. mein sabhi "gutbaji" kii ninda kii, party mein "ekataa" key liye jore diyaa aur jamini star parr russie shramikon aur kisaanon kii samasyaon parr adhik dridhata seey dhyaan kendrit kiya. menshevik julius martov koo aupchaarik roop seey ack parisamaapak maanaa jaataa thaa kyonki unake adhikansh nikatatam raajneetik mitra parisamaapak they.
janwari 1912 mein, lenin key sarvahara bolshevik samooh ney praag mein ack sammelan bulaaya aur parisamaapakon, ultimatists aur recollists koo aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. seey nishkaasit curr diyaa, jisake kaaran aadhikarik taur parr ack alag party kaa nirmaan huaa, jise russie samajik loktaantrik shram party (bolshevik) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jabaki menshevikon ney russie samajik loktaantrik shram party (menshevik) kii sthaapana key liye apani gatividhiyon koo jaari rakhaa. agast 1912 mein, trotsky key samooh ney vienna mein ack sammelan mein sabhi aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. guton koo ack hii party mein phir seey ekjut karane kii koshish kii, lekin unhein bolshevikon ney kaafee hudd taka khariz curr diyaa. 1917 mein octuber kranti key dauran bolshevikon ney satta parr kabja curr liya jaba sabhi raajneetik shaktiyon koo soviyat sangh koo hastaantarit curr diyaa gayaa aur 1918 mein apana naam badalkar aul-russie communist party curr liya. 1921 key chronstead vidroh key baad unhone menshevikon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa.
antar-jilaa", jise russie samajik loktaantrik shram party (antarrashtriyavadi) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, 1913 mein aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. seey utpann ack anya gutt key roop mein ubhara.
party shaakhaaen.
astonia.
1902 mein, aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. key tollin sangathan kii sthaapana kii gaee, jise 1904 mein party kii tollin samiti mein badal diyaa gayaa. navambar mein, ack samanantar (yaani, seedhe aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. key see. see. key tahat) narva samiti banaai gaee thee. anya kattarpanthiyon key beach, astonian aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. cadder 1905 kii kranti mein sakriya they. march 1907 mein terrizoki, finland mein eastonian aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. sangathanon key sammelan mein, bolshevik samarthak menshevikon key saath gambhir sangharsh mein aaa gaye.
livonia.
1906 mein aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. kii chauthi (ekataa) congress mein, latvian samajik loktaantrik karyakarta dall ney ack kshetriya sangathan key roop mein aar. aiss. dee. ell. pee. mein pravesh kiya. congress key baad, iska naam latvian kshetra key samajik-loktantra mein badal diyaa gayaa.

