
mosbaur prabhaav

mosbaur prabhaav, yaa recoilles nuclear resonance florescence, 1958 mein rudolf mosbaur dwara khoji gaee ack bhautik ghatana haye. isamen ack thhos mein bandhe paramanu naabhik dwara pratidhwanit aur pratidhwanit-mukt utsarjan aur gaama vikiran kaa avashoshan shamil haye. iska mukhya anuprayog mosbaur spectroscopy mein haye.
mosbaur prabhaav mein, paramanu gaama utsarjan aur avashoshan key liye ack sankeern anunaad kewal utsarjak yaa avashoshit naabhik key bajaay aspas key chrystal jaali mein punah praapt honey kii gati key parinamswarup hotaa haye. jaba aisaa hotaa haye, tou gaama sankraman key utsarjak yaa avashoshit karane vaale chhor parr naabhik koo phir seey sanyojit karane kii gatij oorjaa mein koee gaama oorjaa naheen khoti haih utsarjan aur avashoshan ack hii oorjaa parr hotaa haye, jisake parinamswarup majboot, anunaad avashoshan hotaa haye.
itihas.
gasses dwara aiks-ray kaa utsarjan aur avashoshan pahale dekhaa gayaa thaa, aur yeh ummeed kii jaati thee kii gaama kiranon key liye bhee aisee hii ghatana paaee jaayegi, joe paramanu sankraman dwara banaai jaati hain (aiks-ray key vipareet, joe aamtaur parr electronic sankraman dwara utpaadit hoti hain). haalaanki, gasses mein gaama-kiranon dwara utpaadit paramanu anunaad kaa nireekshan karane key prayaas whiffle hoe gaye kyonki oorjaa vaapas aaney key liye khou jaati haye, anunaad koo rokti haye (doppler prabhaav gaama-kiran spectrum koo bhee chauda kartaa haye). mosbaur thhos iridium key naabhik mein anunaad kaa nireekshan karane mein saksham thaa, jisane yeh sawal uthaaya kii thhos mein gaama-kiran anunaad kyon sambhav thaa, lekin gasses mein naheen. mosbaur ney prastaav diyaa kii, ack thhos mein bandhe parmaanuon key mamle mein, kuchh paristhitiyon mein paramanu ghatnaaon kaa ack ansh anivarya roop seey binaa kissy peechhe hatane key hoe sakata haye. unhone paramanu ghatnaaon key iss pratidhvani-mukt ansh koo avalokan anunaad key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya.
mosbaur prabhaav mool roop seey german bhasha mein bataai jaane vaali bhautiki mein antim pramukh khojon mein seey ack thee. angreji mein pahali report prayog kii swatantra punaraavrittiyon kaa varnan karane vaale aksharon kii ack jodee thee.
iss khoj koo 1961 mein paramanu naabhik mein electron prakirnan key robbert hofstadder key shodh key saath bhautiki mein nobel puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
varnan.
samanya taur parr, gaama kiranen ack asthir uchch-oorjaa avastha seey ack sthir cumm-oorjaa avastha mein paramanu sankraman dwara utpaadit hoti hain. utsarjit gaama kiran kii oorjaa paramanu sankraman kii oorjaa seey mell khaati haye, oorjaa kii ack matra joe utsarjak paramanu key prati pratigaman key roop mein khou jaati haye. yadi paramanu sankraman kii oorjaa rekha chaudaai kii tulanaa mein khoi hui pratigaman oorjaa cumm haye, tou gaama kiran oorjaa abhee bhee paramanu sankraman kii oorjaa key anuroop haye, aur gaama kiran koo pahale key samaan prakaar key dusare paramanu dwara avashoshit kiya jaa sakata haye. iss utsarjan aur baad key avashoshan koo anunaad pratideepti kahaa jaataa haye. avashoshan key dauran atirikt pratikshep oorjaa bhee khou jaati haye, isaliye anunaad honey key liye prativartan oorjaa vaastav mein sambandhit paramanu sankraman key liye aadhi seey cumm honey chaahiye.
punarkarmak nikaay () mein oorjaa kii matra samveg sanrakshan seey paaee jaa sakati haih
punah sanyugma padaarth kii gati aur gaama kiran kii gati kahaan haye. sameekaran mein oorjaa koo pratisthaapit karane seey milata haih
jahan (key liye) oorjaa haye joe pratigaman key roop mein khou jaati haye, gaama kiran kii oorjaa haye (key liye), (key liye) utsarjak yaa avashoshit karane vaale padaarth kaa dravyamaan haye, aur "see" prakaash kii gati haye. gais key mamle mein utsarjak aur avashoshit karane vaale padaarth paramanu hotey hain, isaliye dravyamaan apekshaakrit chhota hotaa haye, jisake parinamswarup ack badee pratigaman oorjaa hoti haye, joe anunaad koo rokti haye. (dhyaan dein kii yahee sameekaran aiks-ray mein punarkalpit oorjaa haani key liye lagu hotaa haye, lekin photon oorjaa bahut cumm hoti haye, jisake parinamswarup cumm oorjaa haani hoti haye, yahee kaaran haye kii aiks-ray key saath gais-charan anunaad dekhaa jaa sakata haye.)
ack thhos mein, naabhik jaali seey bandhe hotey hain aur gais kii tarah peechhe naheen hatate hain. jaali key roop mein ack sampoorn punarkarman lekin punarkarman oorjaa nagany haye kyonki uparokt sameekaran mein poore jaali kaa dravyamaan haye. halanki, kshay mein oorjaa koo jaali key compan dwara liya yaa aapoorti kiya jaa sakata haye. inn compans kii oorjaa kii matra phonon key roop mein jaani jaane vaali ikaaiyon mein nirdhaarit kii jaati haye. mosbaur prabhaav isaliye hotaa haye kyonki koee phonon shamil naheen honey seey honey vaale kshay kii ack seemit sambhavana hoti haye. iss prakaar paramanu ghatnaaon key ack ansh mein (lamb-mosbaur kaarak dwara diyaa gayaa recoil-mukt ansh), puuraa chrystal recoil karane vaale shareer key roop mein kaary kartaa haye, aur yeye ghatanaaen anivarya roop seey recoil-mukt hoti hain. inn mamalon mein, choonki pratigaman oorjaa nagany haye, isaliye utsarjit gaama kiranon mein uchit oorjaa hoti haye aur anunaad hoe sakata haye.
samanya taur parr (kshay key ardh-jeevan key aadhar parr), gaama kiranon mein bahut sankeern rekha chaudaai hoti haye. iska matlab haye kii way paramanu sankraman kii oorjaa mein chhote parivartanon key prati bahut samvedansheel hain. vaastav mein, gaama kiranon kaa upayog ack naabhik aur usake electrons aur usake padosiyon key beach antahkriya key prabhaavon kaa nireekshan karane key liye ack jaanch key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh mosbaur spectroscopy kaa aadhar haye, joe iss tarah kii antahkriyaon kii nigrani key liye doppler prabhaav key saath mosbaur prabhaav koo jodata haye.
shoonya-phonen optical sankraman, ack prakriya joe mosbaur prabhaav key nikatata seey samaan haye, cumm tapman parr jaali-baddh kromophore mein dekhi jaa sakati haye.

