
athelbald off mercia

athelbald (athelbald yaa athelbald bhee likhaa jaataa haye; 757 mein mrityu hoe gaee) 716 seey abb angreji midlands mein joe abb haye, uska raajaa thaa, jaba taka kii vaha 757 mein maaraa naheen gayaa thaa. athelbald alveo kaa betaa thaa aur iss prakaar raajaa eova kaa potaa thaa. athelbald apane chachere bhaai, raajaa seolard kii mrityu key baad simhaasan parr aaya, jisane usey nirvaasan mein dhakel diyaa thaa. unake lambe shasankal key dauran, mercia anglo-saxons kaa pramukh raajya bunn gayaa, aur lagbhag 628 aur 675 key beach marki raajaon key majboot shasankal key dauran isane joe pramukhta praapt kii thee, usey punah praapt kiya.
jaba athelbald simhaasan parr aaya, tou wessex aur kent donon parr majboot raajaon kaa shasson thaa, lekin pandrah varshon key bheetar samkaaleen itihaaskaar bede ney athelbald koo humber nadimukh key dakshin mein sabhi ingland parr shasson karane key roop mein varnit kiya. anglo-saxon chronicle" mein athelbald koo bretwalda yaa "britten key shaasak" key roop mein soochibaddh naheen kiya gayaa haye, halanki yeh "chronicle" key paschimi saxon mool key kaaran hoe sakata haye.
sent. boniface ney lagbhag 745 mein athelbald koo likhaa, jisamen unhein vibhinn apavitra aur adhaarmik krityon key liye fatkaar lagaai gaee. baad mein 747 mein kloveshon kii parishad aur 749 mein gumle mein jaari ack charter athelbald-jisane church koo apane kuchh daayitvon seey mukt curr diyaa-boniface key patra key liye pratikriya hoe sakati haye. athelbald koo 757 mein unake angrakshakon dwara maar diyaa gayaa thaa. unake baad kuchh samay key liye way vansh key uttaradhikari baney, jinake baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye, lekin ack saal key bheetar, athelbald key chachere bhaai enwolf key potey ney sambhavatah ack sankshipt grih yuddh key baad simhaasan parr kabja curr liya thaa. aufa key tahat, mercia ney apane sabse samriddh aur prabhaavshaali kaal mein pravesh kiya.
praarambhik jeevan aur pravesh.
athelbald marki shaahi vansh seey aaya thaa, halanki usake pitaa, alveo, kabhi raajaa naheen they. alveo key pitaa eova they, jinhone apane bhaai, penda key saath kuchh samay key liye simhaasan saajha kiya hoga. anglo-saxon chronicle" mein eova kaa ullekh naheen haye; haalaanki yeh 626 seey 656 taka key tees varshon key roop mein penda key shasankal kaa ullekh kartaa haye, jaba penda winwade kii ladaai mein maaraa gayaa thaa. baad key dou sroton ney bhee eova koo raajaa key roop mein naamit kiyaah "historia britnum" aur "analys cambry". analys cambry" 644 mein messerfield kii ladaai mein eova kii mrityu kaa srot haye, jahan penda ney northumbria key oswald koo haraaya thaa. penda key shasankal key baare mein vivaran durlabh hain, aur yeh atkalon kaa vishay haye kii kyaa eova ack underking thaa, penda key prati nishtha kaa kaaran thaa, yaa isake bajaay eova aur penda ney unake beach mercy vibhajit kii thee. yadi unhone raajya koo vibhajit kiya, tou yeh sambhavana haye kii eova ney uttari mercia parr shasson kiya, kyonki penda key putra peeda koo baad mein uttari osview dwara dakshini mercia key raajaa key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone 656 mein mertians koo haraaya aur penda koo maar daala. yeh sambhav haye kii eova ney messerfield mein penda key khilaf ladaai ladee.
athelbald key yuvavastha key dauran, penda key rajvansh ney mercia parr shasson kiya; seolard, penda kaa potaa aur isaliye athelbald kaa doosara chachera bhaai, 709 seey 716 taka mercia kaa raajaa thaa. ack praarambhik srot, felix kaa "sent guthluck kaa jeevan", seey pataa chalata haye kii yeh seolard thaa jisane athelbald koo nirvaasan mein dhakel diyaa thaa. guthlock ack marki kuleen vyakti they jinhone pahale reptone abby mein ack bhikshu banane key liye hinsa kaa ack currier chhod diyaa, aur baad mein purvi anglion fence mein crolland mein ack bairo mein rahane vaali ack sannyasi bunn gaeen. athelbald key nirvaasan key dauran unhone aur unake logon ney bhee kshetra mein baad mein sharan lii, aur guthlock kaa daura kiya. guthlock athelbald key kaaran key prati sahaanubhooti rakhate they, shayed mathon key utpeedan key kaaran. guthlax key anya agantukon mein ack prabhaavshaali marki, litchfield key bishap headde shamil they, aur yeh hoe sakata haye kii guthlax kaa samarthan simhaasan praapt karane mein athelbald key liye raajneetik roop seey upayogi thaa. guthluck kii mrityu key baad, athelbald ney ack sapana dekhaa thaa jisamen guthluck ney usake liye mahanata kii bhavishyavani kii thee, aur athelbald ney baad mein jaba vaha raajaa bunn gayaa thaa tou usey ack mandir seey puraskrit kiya.
jaba ack bhoj mein ack fitt key kaaran seolard kii mrityu hoe gaee, tou athelbald marasiya laut aae aur shaasak bunn gaye. yeh sambhav haye kii seolwald naamak ack raajaa, shayed seolard key ack bhaai, seolard aur athelbald key beach kuchh samay key liye shasson kartaa thaa. athelbald key pravesh ney penda key vansh kii rekha koo samaapt curr diyaa; athelbald key shasankal key baad, ack sankshipt antaral key baad, aufa key dwara, eova key ack anya vanshaj dwara.
unake pitaa key alawa, alveo, athelbald key tatkaal parivaar key baare mein bahut cumm pataa haye, halanki dou charter kii gawah soochi mein ack pramukh ilderman jise hurdbert naam diyaa gayaa haye, koo unake bhaai key roop mein darj kiya gayaa haye.
markeyan prabhutva.
athelbald key shasankal ney marki shakti key punrutthan koo chihnit kiya, joe aathvin shatabdi key anta taka chalaa. bernrad key chhote shasankal key apavaad key saath, joe ack saal seey bhee cumm samay key liye athelbald key uttaradhikari baney, mercia parr assie varshon taka dou sabse shaktishali anglo-saxon raajaon, athelbald aur aufa dwara shasson kiya gayaa thaa. inn lambe shasankal iss shuruati tarikh mein asamanya they; usee avadhi key dauran gyaarah raajaon ney uttar-uttar mein shasson kiya, jinamen seey kaee kii hinsak maut hoe gaee.
731 taka, athelbald key paas apane adhipatya key tahat humber key dakshin mein sabhi angreji they. athelbald aur una raajaon key beach sambandhon key bahut cumm pratyaksh pramaan hain joe usa parr nirbhar they. aam taur parr, athelbald jaise adhipati key adheen ack raajaa koo abhee bhee ack raajaa key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, lekin kuchh mamalon mein usaki swatantrata mein katauti kii jaati thee. charter iss sambandh key liye saboot kaa ack mahatvapurna srot hain; yeye aise dastavej they joe anuyaayiyon yaa church key logon koo bhoomi pradaan karate they, aur una raajaon dwara dekhe gaye they jinake paas bhoomi dene kii shakti thee. kissy ack vishay raajaa key kshetra mein bhoomi dene vaalaa charter, raajaa key naam key saath-saath anudan mein sanlagn gawah soochi mein adhipati key naam bhee darj curr sakata haye; udaaharan key liye, iss tarah kii gawah soochi koo ismeyer diploma parr dekhaa jaa sakata haye. inn charters parr raajaon koo dee gaee upaadhiyan bhee khulasa curr sakati hainh ack raajaa koo "upa-niyam" yaa underking key roop mein varnit kiya jaa sakata haye.
dou dakshini raajyon, wessex aur kent parr athelbald key prabhaav kii pragati kaa sujhaav dene key liye paryaapt jaankaari bachee hui haye. athelbald key shasankal kii shuruat mein, kent aur wessex donon parr kramshah majboot raajaon dwara shasson kiya gayaa thaa; wihtrade aur inn. kent key wihtrade kii 725 mein mrityu hoe gaee, aur wessex key iney, joe unake samay key sabse durjeya shasakon mein seey ack they, ney 726 mein rome kii tirthayatra parr jaane key liye tyag curr diyaa. anglo-saxon chronicle" key anusaar, inn key uttaradhikari, ethelhard ney usa varsh oswald naamak ack ilderman key saath ladaai ladee, jise "chronicle" ack vanshavali pradaan kartaa haye joe seavelin, wessex key ack praarambhik raajaa seey vansh koo darshaata haye. ethelhard antatah simhaasan key liye iss sangharsh mein safal rahey, aur baad mein sanket hain kii unhone marki adhikaar key adheen shasson kiya. isaliye yeh hoe sakata haye kii athelbald ney ethelhard aur apane bhaai, cuthrade, donon koo sthaapit karane mein madad kii, joe 739 mein ethelhard key uttaradhikari baney. 720 key dashak kii shuruat mein dakshin saxon kshetra key paschimi saxon prabhutva seey alag honey key bhee pramaan hain, aur yeh kshetra mein athelbald key badhate prabhaav kaa sanket dey sakata haye, halanki yeh merchian key bajaay cantish hoe sakata thaa, prabhaav joe paschimi saxon niyantran koo kamjor curr rhaa thaa.
kent key liye, kentis charter seey saboot hain joe darshaate hain kii athelbald kentis churchon kaa sanrakshak thaa. kent key bhoomi anudan key liye athelbald kii sahamati dikhaane vaalaa koee charter saboot naheen haye, aur kent key donon raajaa athelbert aur adbert key charter jeevit hain, jisamen way athelbald kii sahamati key binaa bhoomi pradaan karate hain. yeh hoe sakata haye kii athelbald key adhipatya koo dikhaane vaale charter buss jeevit naheen rahate hain, lekin parinam yeh haye kii kent mein athelbald key prabhaav kii seema kaa koee pratyaksh pramaan naheen haye.
assex mein ghatnaaon key baare mein cumm jaankaari haye, lekin yeh lagbhag isi samay thaa jaba landan assex key bajaay mercia key raajya seey judaa huaa thaa. athelbald key poorvavartiyon mein seey teen-athelred, coenred aur seolard-ney landan key bishap, walder koo twickenham dene vaale pratyek east saxon charter kii pushti kii thee. cantish charter seey yeh gyaat haye kii athelbald landan key niyantran mein thaa, aur athelbald key samay seey, marki niyantran mein sankraman puuraa prateet hotaa haye; off key ack praarambhik charter, joe haaro key paas bhoomi pradaan kartaa haye, gawah soochi mein assex key raajaa koo bhee shamil naheen kartaa haye. dakshin saxon key liye, bahut cumm charter saboot hain, lekin kent key saath, joe haye vaha bhoomi anudan key liye athelbald kii sahamati key liye koee aavashyakta naheen dikhaata haye. sabooton kii kamee seey iss tathya koo aspasht naheen honah chaahiye kii bede, joe aakhirkaar ack samkaaleen itihaaskaar they, ney 731 mein dakshini ingland mein karyalaya mein bishapon koo soochibaddh karke ingland kii sthiti koo sankshep mein prastut kiya, aur kahaa kii "yeye sabhi praant, anya dakshin key saath milkar humber aur unake raajaa, merchy key raajaa athelbald key adheen hain."
iss baat key pramaan hain kii athelbald koo apane adhipatya koo banaae rakhane key liye yuddh mein jaanaa padaa thaa. 733 mein athelbald ney wessex key khilaf ack abhiyaan chalaaya aur somerton key shaahi jagir parr kabja curr liya. anglo-saxon chronicle" yeh bhee bataata haye kii kaise jaba cuthrade 740 mein wessex key simhaasan parr ethelhard key uttaradhikari baney, tou unhone "saahaspoorvak athelbald, mercia key raajaa key khilaf yuddh kiya. teen saal baad, cuthrade aur athelbald koo velsh key khilaf ladaai key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. yeh ack daayitva hoe sakata thaa joe mercia dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa; pahale key raajaon ney isi tarah penda aur vulferey, dou majboot saatvin shatabdi key marki shasakon kii sahaayata kii thee. 752 mein, athelbald aur cuthrade phir seey sangharsh key vipareet pakshon parr hain, aur pandulipi key ack sanskaran key anusaar, cuthrade ney "usey [athelbald] koo berford mein udaan bharane key liye rakhaa". athelbald ney apani mrityu key samay taka paschimi saxon parr apana adhikaar phir seey sthaapit curr liya haye, kyonki baad mein ack paschimi saxon raajaa, sinewolf, koo 757 mein apane shasankal kii shuruat mein athelbald key charter key gawah key roop mein darj kiya gayaa haye.
740 mein, picts aur uttar-uttar key logon key beach yuddh kii soochana haye. athelbald, joe picts key raajaa, angus key saath gathbandhan curr sakata thaa, ney apani bhoomi koo barbad karane key liye northumbria seey adbert kii anupasthiti kaa laabh uthaaya, aur shayed york koo jalaa diyaa.
sheershak aur bratewaldship.
pahale bede key "angreji logon key church key itihas" mein, unhone saat raajaon koo soochibaddh kiya, jinhone angreji key dakshini praanton koo shaasit kiya, jisamen paanchvin shatabdi key anta seey laker saatvin shatabdi key anta taka key shasankal shamil they. baad mein, "anglo-saxon chronicle"-iss avadhi key liye ack aur mahatvapurna srot-inn saaton koo "british-shaasak" yaa "vyaapak-shaasak" key roop mein anuvaadit ack sheershak key roop mein varnit kartaa haye. itihas" soochi mein sirf ack raajaa koo jodata haih wessex key agbert, jinhone nauvin shatabdi mein shasson kiya. aathh kii parinami soochi mein kaee majboot bhaade key raajaon koo chhod diyaa gayaa haye. yeh sambhav haye kii itihaaskaar kewal agbert kaa naam bede kii saat kii mool soochi mein jodd rhaa thaa, naa kii yeh daavaa karane key liye kii kissy anya raajaa ney ingland mein samaan shaktiyan hassil naheen keen. itihaaskaar lagbhag nishchit roop seey ack paschimi saxon thaa, aur choonki naa tou athelbald aur naa hii aufa wessex key raajaa they, isaliye sambhav haye kii itihaaskaar kshetriya garv seey unakaa ullekh naa karey. bretwalda" shabd kaa arth aur inn aathh raajaon dwara sanchaalit shakti kii prakriti kii bahut adhik akaadamik jaanch hui haye. ack sujhaav vyakhya yeh haye kii choonki bede athelbald key shasankal key dauran likh rhaa thaa, isaliye unhone joe mool saat soochibaddh kiye they, way anivarya roop seey way raajaa they jinhen humber key dakshin mein ingland key prabhutva mein athelbald key prototype key roop mein dekhaa jaa sakata thaa.
athelbald kii shakti, yaa cumm seey cumm unake khitabon kaa aage kaa saboot, 736 key ack mahatvapurna charter, ismeyer diploma dwara pradaan kiya gayaa haye, joe ack samkaaleen (aur sambhavatah mool) prati mein jeevit haye. yeh athelbald koo "naa kewal merchy logon key raajaa key roop mein, balki una sabhi praanton key raajaa key roop mein bhee varnit kartaa haye jinhen samanya naam dakshin angreji seey jaanaa jaataa haye"; gawah soochi mein unhein aage "rakes britannia", "britten kaa raajaa" naam diyaa gayaa haye. ack itihaaskaar ney iss sheershak koo "ack vakyansh key roop mein varnit kiya jise kewal angreji sheershak key lattin pratipaadan key roop mein vyakhya kii jaa sakati haye"; lekin yeh hoe sakata haye kii usa samay inn shirshakon koo versester seey parey sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa hoga, jahaan yeh aur 730 key dashak key anya dastavej joe samaan shirshakon kaa upayog karate hain, likhe gaye they.
church key saath sambandh.
745-746 mein, germany mein pramukh anglo-saxon missionary, boniface, saat anya bishapon key saath, athelbald koo kaee paapon key liye ninda karate hue ack teekha patra bheja-church key visheshadhikaron kaa ullanghan karate hue, paadari varg parr jabaran shram lagu karate hue, aur nana key saath vyabhichaar karate hue. patra ney athelbald seey ack patni lene aur vasna key paap koo chhodane kaa anurodh kiyaah
isaliye humm, priya putra, ishwar key putra masih dwara aur usake aaney aur usake raajya dwara aapaki kripa kii prarthana karate hain, kii yadi yeh sach haye kii aap iss burai mein jaari hain tou aap tapasya dwara apane jeevan mein sanshodhan karenge, khud koo shuddh karenge, aur yeh dhyaan mein rakhein kii aap mein banaai gaee bhagwan kii chhavi koo ack dusht rakshas kii chhavi aur samaantaa mein badalane kii vasna key madhyam seey yeh kitni neech baat haye. yaad rakhein kii aapako apane gunon seey naheen, balki bhagwan kii apaar kripa seey kaee logon parr raajaa aur shaasak banaaya gayaa thaa, aur abb aap apani vasna seey khud koo ack dusht aatma kaa gulam banaa rahey hain.
boniface ney pahale york key archbishop acgbert koo patra bheja, jisamen unase kissy bhee ashuddhiyon koo thheek karane aur joe kuchh bhee sahee thaa usey majboot karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa; aur unhone yahaan ack pujari, jise athelbald ney ateet mein sunaa thaa, seey anurodh kiya kii vaha ise vyaktigat roop seey raajaa koo padhein aur samajhaaen. halanki boniface kaa patra athelbald key vishvaas aur daan kii prashansa kartaa haye, lekin isaki aalochanaon ney athelbald key baad kii raay koo dridhata seey rangeen curr diyaa haye. nauvin shatabdi mein glocester key mathh seey daan kii soochi mein kiya gayaa ack daavaa kii athelbald ney ack bhaade kii mathadhish key rishtedaar koo "chaku markar-yaa maar curr maar diyaa" thaa, ney bhee unaki pratishtha mein nakaratmak yogdan diyaa haye.
athelbald ney tatwine, nothelm aur coothbert mein canterbury key kramik archbishop kii niyukti koo prabhaavit kiya hoga, joe shayed yahaan key antim poorv bishap they; aur boniface kii majboot aalochanaon key bavjood, church key mamalon mein athelbald kii sakaratmak ruchi key pramaan hain. canterbury key archbishop coothbert koo ack baad key boneface key patra ney frankish synod key baare mein achchi jaankaari pradaan kii, vishesh roop seey 747 mein aayojit ack, jisake aadeshon mein boneface shamil thaa. boniface spasht roop seey coothbert koo yeh sujhaav naheen detaa haye kii usey bhee ack sabhaa aayojit karni chaahiye, lekin yeh spasht lagata haye kii yeh boniface kaa irada thaa. vaastav mein, ack parishad baad mein clovesho mein aayojit kii gaee thee (jiska sthaan abb khou gayaa haye); athelbald ney bhaag liya aur shayed adhyakshata kii. parishad church aur dharmnirpeksh duniya key beach sambandhon seey sambandhit thee, aur isane paadari varg kii or seey kaee jyadatiyon kii ninda kii. parishad ney bhikshuon aur aam logon key beach seemit sambandhon koo lagu kiya aur faisala sunaaya kii dharmnirpeksh gatividhiyon koo bhikshuon key liye asweekarya thaah dharmnirpeksh vyavasaay aur dharmnirpeksh geet donon varjit they, vishesh roop seey "hasyaspad geet".
isake dou saal baad, 749 mein, gumle key aradhanalaya mein, athelbald ney ack charter jaari kiya jisane kilon aur pulon key nirmaan kii aavashyakta koo chhodkar sabhi daayitvon seey church kii bhoomi koo mukt kiya-joe daayitva "trinoda aavashyakta" key hisse key roop mein sabhi parr hotey hain. iss charter koo kewal marki bishapon dwara dekhaa gayaa thaa, aur yeh sambhav haye kii iska mertia key baahar koee prabhaav naa hoe, lekin yeh bhee sambhav haye kii yeh anivarya roop seey ack sudhaar karyakram kaa hissa thaa joe sauhard seey prerit thaa aur kloveshon mein uksaayaa gayaa thaa.
mrityu.
757 mein, athelbald koo seckington, warwickshire mein, tamworth kii shaahi seat key paas maar diyaa gayaa thaa. bede key "church key itihas" kii baad kii nirantarta key anusaar, unaki "raat mein unake apane angrakshakon dwara vishvaasghaat seey hatyaa curr dee gaee", halanki iska kaaran darj naheen haye. thode samay key liye, bernrad dwara unakaa uttaradhikari banaa. athelbald koo sent wieston key church, repton mein dafnaya gayaa thaa, ack gupt gupt mein jise abhee bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye; ack samkaaleen ney narak mein usaki ack drishti dekhi haye, joe ack aise raajaa kii chhaap koo majboot karati haye joe saarvbhaumik roop seey achchi tarah seey sammaanit naheen haye. usa samay sthal parr mathh church kaa nirmaan shayed athelbald dwara shaahi makbare koo rakhane key liye kiya gayaa thaa; vahaan anya dafanaane mein vigastaan kaa bhee shamil haye.
repton seey ack cross shaft key ack tukade mein ack chehare parr ack ghudsavaar vyakti kii nakkashidar chhavi shamil haye, joe, yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye, athelbald kaa smaarak hoe sakata haye. yeh aakriti daak kavach pahane hue aur talwar aur dhaal laharaate hue ack vyakti kii haye, jisake sir key chaaron or ack mukut bandha huaa haye. yadi yeh athelbald haye, tou yeh ise ack angreji samrat kaa sabse pahala badey paimaane parr sachitra pratinidhitva banaa dega.
alfred III, mercia key raajaa kii kinvadanti.
16veen shatabdi key puraatatvavid johnn leyland dwara darj ack kahani key anusaar, aur belvoire mahal mein rutland key kaana key kabje mein abb khou gaee ack kitab seey unake dwara praapt, ack baar mercia kaa ack raajaa alfred III thaa, jisane 730 key dashak mein shasson kiya thaa. halanki kissy bhee marki raajaa kaa naam kabhi alfred naheen rakhaa gayaa thaa, teen tou chhodiye, aggar iss kahani kaa koee aitihaasik aadhar haye (jise leyland ney khud aswikar curr diyaa thaa) tou yeh sambhavatah athelbald seey sambandhit honah chaahiye. kinvadanti mein kahaa gayaa haye kii alfred III koo grentham key paas apane mahal mein ack nishchit villium dee albanac, joe rootland key kaana key kathit poorvaj they, seey milane kaa avsar milaa thaa, aur unhone villium kii teen sunder betiyon koo pasand kiya. raajaa kaa irada kissy koo apani malkin key roop mein lene kaa thaa, lekin villium ney iss tarah seey uska upman karane key bajaay jise bhee chunaa usey maarne kii dhamki dee, jisake baad alfred ney jawab diyaa kii vaha unamen seey ack koo patni key saath lena chaahata thaa, aur atheldred koo chunaa jisamen vasaa kii botalen theen, aur usake baare mein usane kahaa kii pahale sabhi saxon ingland key rajshahi koo chhod denge."iss kathit ghatana kii ack painting 1778 mein duke off rutland dwara shuru kii gaee thee, lekin 1816 mein aag mein nasht hoe gaee thee.

