
civitavechia

civitavechia (; jiska arth haye "pracheen shahar") madhya italvi kshetra lazio mein rome key mahanagariya shahar kaa ack shahar aur "commune" haye. yeh tyrehanian samudra parr ack samudri bandargah haye, joe rome key paschim-uttar-paschim mein sthit haye. bandargah dou ghaaton aur ack breakwater seey banaa haye, jiss parr ack prakashastambh khadaa haye.
itihas.
attruscan yug.
civitavechia kaa puuraa kshetra attruscan kabron key avasheshon seey bharaa huaa haye aur yeh sambhavana haye kii vartamaan shahar key kendra mein ack chhoti attruscan basti panpi haye. molnari karkhane seey bahut door naheen, matnara kaa attruscan kabristan lagbhag nishchit roop seey 7veen-6veen shatabdi eesaa poorv kaa haye aur sambhavatah scaglia key paas key kabristan seey judaa huaa thaa. ekal jahaajon koo samaayojit karane mein saksham chhote samanantar besinon dwara banaaya gayaa ack pracheen bandargah 19 veen shatabdi key anta mein kille michael angelo key paas abhee bhee dikhaai dey rhaa thaa.
ficoncella kii pahaadi parr ack attruscan basti abhee bhee dekhi jaa sakati haye jahan 70 eesaa poorv seey pahale pahala snan banaaya gayaa thaa, jise romanon dwara aquay tauri key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
roman yug.
terme torrin mein paas key smaarak snan mool roop seey roman ganarajya yug mein banaae gaye they, sambhavatah titus statilius torrus, rome key prefect dwara.
doosari shatabdi kii shuruat mein samrat trajan dwara bandargah kaa bahut vistaar kiya gayaa thaa aur isake baad sambhavatah bandargah kii deewaar banaane vaale kaee khambhedar "kakshon" key kaaran ise centum cell key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, jinamen seey kuchh abhee bhee dekhe jaa sakate hain. centum cell naam kii pahali ghatana aid 107 mein pliny dha young key ack patra seey haye. yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii naam isake bajaay trajan key vyaapak vilaa key "centum" ("sou") holl koo sandarbhit curr sakata haye joe paas mein thaa. bandargah kaa nirmaan sambhavatah trajan key pasandida vastukar, damascus key apollodorus (jinhone uncona key bandargah kaa bhee nirmaan kiya thaa) dwara kiya gayaa thaa. shahar koo centum cell key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa aur usee samay seey vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. trajan kaa bhavya vilaa "pulcherima" (pliny key anusaar sabse sunder) usee samay banaaya gayaa hoga, lekin abhee taka nishan naheen mille hain, halanki term torrin snan aur paas key badey kund koo shamil kiye jaane kii sambhavana haye. pliny koo trajan dwara vahaan apane vilaa mein "concillium principle" (salaahkaar parishad) kii ack asadharan baithak key liye bulaaya gayaa thaa joe aam taur parr rome mein hoti thee, aur joe ack shaahi nivaas key roop mein vilaa kii sthiti koo ingit karati haye. iss vilaa kaa upayog baad mein yuva marcus aurelius dwara bhee kiya gayaa thaa, shayed varshon mein 140-145 aur 173 mein bhee commodus dwara.
roman bandargah key paas ack kabristan seey doosari aur teesari shatabdi key beach key shilalekh "klasiyari", nausena key naavikon aur ack kuleen varg kii upasthiti koo saabit karate hain. way una jahaajon kii sankhya aur prakaar key baare mein bhee bataate hain joe ravna aur missenum key bede key tukadon they.
251 mein pope cornelius koo decius aur unake uttaradhikari trabonianus gallus key utpeedan key dauran centumselle mein kaid curr liya gayaa thaa aur 253 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee thee.
chauthi aur paanchvin shatabdi mein shahar aur bandargah aur bhee samriddh aur vyast hoe gaye they, jaisa kii rutilius namatianus ney 414 mein iska varnan kiya thaa kyonki yeh ostia key gaad key kaaran rome kaa ack mahatvapurna bandargah bunn gayaa thaa.
530 key dashak mein, "centumselle" ack basentine gadh thaa aur 553 taka shahar koo goth aur bassentin key beach yuddhon mein nuksan uthaana padaa.
baad kaa itihas.
yeh 728 mein pope raajyon kaa hissa bunn gayaa aur pope gregory III ney centumselle koo phir seey sangathit kiya. jaise hii bandargah parr surracence dwara <ID1,828,846 mein chhaapa maaraa gayaa thaa aur anta mein 876 mein, ack adhik surakshit sthaan parr ack naee basti kaa nirmaan pope leo VII key adesh seey jald hii 854 mein kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, iss beach, nivasi 889 mein tata seey puraane shahar mein laut aae aur ise phir seey banaaya, jisase ise "sivita vetus" naam diyaa gayaa. popon ney kaee sthaaniya prabhuon koo ack jagir key roop mein basti dee, jisamen civitacastellana kii ginati raniyari aur farfa kii mathh, aur dee viko, joe 1431 mein "centumselle" rakhate they. usa varsh, pope eugene ive ney cardinal jiyovanni vitalesi aur kaee kondotiri (nicolo fortebrachio, ranukio farnes aur manicusio dell 'akvila) key tahat ack senaa bheji, taaki iss sthaan koo phir seey hassil kiya jaa sakey, joe 4,000 florin key bhugtan key baad, ack wicker aur ack khajanedar key netritva mein ack poorna pope adhikaar bunn gayaa.
yeh sthaan 1696 mein pope masoom xii key tahat ack mukt bandargah bunn gayaa aur aadhunik yug taka rome kaa mukhya bandargah thaa. francisi samrajya ney 1806 mein iss parr kabja curr liya. 16 aprail 1859 koo rome aur civitavechia railway koo seva key liye khol diyaa gayaa thaa.
pope key sainikon ney 1870 mein kille key dwaar italvi general nino bixio key liye khol diye. isase bandargah koo sthaayi roop seey pope key niyantran seey hataa diyaa gayaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, sahyogiyon ney nagrik aakraman key khilaf kaee bambari chhaape maare, jisase shahar koo nuksan pahuncha aur kaee nagrik hataahat hue. 27 juuna, 1944 koo 379veen bandargah batalian key dou americi sainikon ney ack sanic koo janm diyaa. mcmurray aur luis till ney kathit taur parr civitavechia mein dou italvi mahilaaon key saath balatkar kiya aur ack teesari kii hatyaa curr dee. mcmurray aur taba taka donon koo sanyukt raajya kii senaa dwara paanch maheene baad fansi dekar maar diyaa gayaa thaa.
arthavyavastha.
civitavechia aaj ack pramukh cruze aur ferry bandargah haye, joe madhya itali seey sardinia, sisili, tunis aur barcelona taka samudri sampark key liye mukhya praarambhik bindu haye. machhali pakadane kaa ack gauna mahatva haye.
yeh shahar dou taap vidyut stations kaa bhee kendra haye. unamen seey ack key koyale mein parivartit honey seey aabaadi kaa virodh badh gayaa haye, kyonki yeh ashanka haye kii isase bhaari pradooshan hoe sakata haye.
mukhya darshaniya sthal.
roman shahar.
aadhunik aantarik bandargah (darsena) pracheen neenv parr sthit haye, jinamen seey kaee dekhi jaa sakati hain aur jinka aakar abhee bhee bahut hudd taka vahee haye joe trajan key samay mein thaa. isamen dakshini taraf ack ghumaavdaar breakwater thaa aur uttar kii or ack seedha thaa jisamen laharon koo cumm karane key liye mehrab they joe abhee bhee maujood hain.
torre dee lazaretto uttari tila key anta mein haye aur pracheen bandargah key chaaron or chaar badey roman goal meenaron mein seey kewal ack shesh haye joe beekan key roop mein kaam kartaa thaa. badey besin aur aantarik bandargah (darsena) key beach godamon key avashesh dekhe jaa sakate hain, joe abhee bhee madhya yug key dauran upayog kiye jaate hain.
bandargah key saath chalane vaale 6 meater chaude aur 3 meater kii gaharaai vaale orlia key ack hisse kii khudai kii gaee thee.
piaza leandra mein banner key tahakhaane mein roman shahar kii kuchh deewaar dikhaai detee haye.
ack jalmarg aur ack badey kund key avashesh, sambhavatah trajan key vilaa kaa hissa, sanrakshit hain.
shahar key uttar mein ficoncella mein terme torrin snan hain jahan aksar roman aatey hain aur abhee bhee sivitavechi key saath lokpriya hain. aadhunik naam vibhinn poolon key beach aam anjir key paudhon seey nikla haye.
paas key ficoncella mein bhee pahale key attruscan aur praarambhik roman basti seey aquay tauri key snan hain. 160x100 meater kii ack badee imarat ney snan koo gher liya haye aur khudai kii jaa rahee haye.
anya darshaniya sthal.
rome key bandargah kii raksha key liye pope julius dwiteeya dwara donato bramante seey vishal "fort michel angelo" koo pahali baar commission kiya gayaa thaa. halanki, "maschio" meenar key oopari hisse koo michael angelo dwara design kiya gayaa thaa, jiska naam aam taur parr kille parr lagu hotaa haye. payas IV ney ack doshi jail koo jodaa, aur bernini dwara design kiya gayaa shastragar alekjendar VII dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. 
pramukh cruze laainen iss sthaan parr apani paribhraman shuru aur samaapt karati hain, aur anya rome aur vatican kii yatra key liye tata bhraman key dinon key liye rukati hain, joe nabbe minut door hain.
bhugol.
jalavaayu.
civitavechia germ-grishmakaaleen bhoomadhyasagariya jalavaayu (copen jalavaayu vargeekaran "see. aiss. aeye") kaa anubhav kartaa haye.
parivahan.
civitavechia kaa bandargah, jise "rome kaa bandargah" bhee kahaa jaataa haye, itali mein maal aur yaatriyon key liye samudri parivahan kaa ack mahatvapurna kendra haye. samudra key motorway" kaa hissa, yeh kaee bhoomadhyasagariya bandargaahon seey judaa huaa haye aur italvi mukhya bhoomi seey sardinia key beach mukhya samparkon mein seey ack kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye.
1859 mein khola gayaa civitavechia railway station, rome-civitavechia railway kaa paschimi terminus haye, joe peesa-livorno-rome railway kaa hissa haye.
shahar key kendra koo bandargah seey jodane vaali ack chhoti line 2000 key dashak kii shuruat taka bunny rahee. isane dou stations kii ginati keeh civitavechia maritima, joe bandargah kii seva kartaa haye, aur civitavechia viyal della vittoria.
civitavechia koo aeye12 dwara seva pradaan kii jaati haye, joe rome koo genoa seey jodane vaalaa ack asambaddh motorway haye aur raajya rajmarg ss1 dwara "aurelia key madhyam seey", joe donon hisson koo bhee jodata haye. shahar koo ack nae motorway, civitavechia-venis yaa "nyu romiya" key sambandh mein ack pariyojana mein bhee dilchaspi haye, joe aajkal vitterbo aur revena (turney, perujia aur sesena key madhyam seey) key beach ack dohare carridgeway key roop mein puuraa kiya gayaa haye aur aamtaur parr itali mein "aurte-revena" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
shiksha.
iss samudaay mein kaee poorv vidyalaya, praathamik vidyalaya, kanishth uchch vidyalaya aur uchch vidyalaya hain. polo universitario dee civitavechia shahar mein sthit haye.
judvaan shahar aur bahan shahar.
civitavechia key saath jodaa jaataa haih

