
mutara III rudahigwa

mutara III rudahigwa (march 1911-25 julaai 1959) 1931 aur 1959 key beach ravanda key raajaa ("umami") they. way pahale ravanda raajaa they jinhen bapatisma diyaa gayaa thaa, aur unake shasankal key dauran roman catholic dharm ney ravanda mein pakad banaai thee. unake isai naam charles lyon piyare they, aur unhein kabhi-kabhi charles mutara III rudahigwa key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
rudahigwa kaa janm march 1911 mein, ravanda kii shaahi rajdhani, nyanja mein, raajaa yuhi vee musing aur raani kankazi (baad mein raani maan radegonde nyiramvugo III kankazi) key ghar huaa thaa, joe unaki gyaarah patniyon mein seey pahali theen. vaha tutsi abanyiginya kabile kaa sadasya thaa.
1919 mein unhone nyanza mein pramukhon key beton key liye aupaniveshik school mein apani shiksha shuru kii, baad mein 1924 mein apane pitaa key sachiv baney. janwari 1929 mein unhein ack pramukh niyukt kiya gayaa aur ack praant kaa prashaasan kiya gayaa.
shasson karein.
rudahigwa 16 navambar 1931 koo raajaa baney, belgium key aupaniveshik prashaasan ney chaar dinn pahale german agents key saath kathit sampark key liye unake pitaa, yuhi vee musinga koo apadasth curr diyaa thaa. rudahigwa ney shaahi naam mutara liya, joe mutara III rudahigwa bunn gayaa. unhein kabhi-kabhi charles mutara III rudahigwa key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
way catholic dharm mein parivartit honey vaale pahale ravandan raajaa they, 1943 mein parivartit hue aur isai naam charles leone piyare liya. unake pitaa ney isai dharm mein parivartit honey seey incar curr diyaa thaa, aur ravandan catholic church ney antatah unhein isai virodhi aur unake sabhyata mission key liye ack baadha key roop mein maanaa. rudahigwa koo 1929 seey ravandan catholic church key pramukh lyon classe dwara gupt roop seey isai dharm kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa thaa, aur unake pitaa kii jagah lene key liye belgiumiyon dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. 1946 mein unhone desh koo isai dharm koo samarpit curr diyaa, jisase isai dharm koo prabhaavi roop seey raajya dharm banaa diyaa gayaa. unake dharmaantaran ney sanrakshit raajya mein bapatisma kii ack lahar kaa netritva kiya.
unakaa shasankal 1941 aur 1945 key beach ravanda mein akaal kii sabse kharaab avadhi key saath huaa, jisamen ruzagayura akaal (1944-1945) shamil thaa, jisake dauran desh kii lagbhag 20 laakh kii aabaadi mein seey 200,000 loga maare gaye they.
jaatiya tanaav badh rhaa haye.
rudahigwa key shasankal key dauran ruanda-urundi key bheetar jaatiya pehchaan kaa ack ullekhaniya stareekaran thaa, jiska belgian shaasit janadesh ruanda ney uttari bhaag kaa gathan kiya thaa. 1935 mein, belgium prashaasan ney jaatiya shreniyon, tutsi, hutu aur tawaa koo aupchaarik roop dene key liye pehchaan patra jaari kiye. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, ack hutu mukti andolan poore ruanda-urundi mein badhane lagaa, joe antar-yuddh samajik sudhaaron kii badhati narajgi aur catholic church key bheetar hutu key liye badhati sahaanubhooti seey prerit thaa. halanki 1954 mein, rudhahigwa ney anubandh seva kii "ubuhaake" pranali koo samaapt curr diyaa, joe jhopadiyon kaa shoshan karati thee, lekin iska vaastavik vyaavhaarik prabhaav bahut cumm thaa.
rajshahi aur pramukh tutsi ney hutu key badhate prabhaav koo mahsoos kiya aur apani sharton parr tatkaal swatantrata key liye andolan karna shuru curr diyaa, jisaki parinati 1956 mein belgium seey swatantrata kii rudahigwa kii maang mein hui. 1957 mein, hutu vidvaanon key ack samooh ney "bahutu ghoshanapatra" likhaa. iss raajneetik ghoshanapatra mein jaatiya tutsi dwara jhutton key "shoshan" kii ninda kii gaee aur pahale tutsi aur phir belgium key shasson seey unaki mukti kaa ahwan kiya gayaa. usake baad jald hii hutu raajneetik dalon kaa gathan huaa, bhavishya key rashtrapati gregoire kayibanda ney hutu samajik andolan (jald hii iska naam badalkar "aim. dee. aar.-paramehutu" curr diyaa gayaa) banaaya, aur joseph gitera ney janata key samajik prachaar key liye sangathan (aprosoma) banaaya.
mrityu.
24 julaai 1959 koo, rudahigwa belgian aupaniveshik adhikaariyon key saath ack baithak key liye usumbura (abb bujumbura), urundi pahunche, jisaki vyavastha pitaa aur perey parauddin ney kii thee. agale dinn, vaha aupaniveshik aspatal mein apane belgium key doctor key paas gaye, jahan unaki mrityu hoe gaee. belgium key adhikaariyon ney unaki mrityu key liye paraspar virodhi spashteekaran diye. ack yeh thaa kii unhone gambhir sirdard kii shikayat kii thee aur unake doctor dwara unakaa ilaaj kiya gayaa thaa, lekin baad mein teen doctors dwara nirdhaarit mastishk raktasraav key aspatal seey nikalate hii way gir gaye. ack anya belgian vyakhya yeh thee kii penicillin shott kii pratikriya seey unaki mrityu hoe gaee. raani maan kankazi kii apattiyon key kaaran shav pareekshan naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
afavaahen kii unhein belgian adhikaariyon dwara jaanboojhkar maar diyaa gayaa thaa, bahut badh gaee theen aur tanaav badh gayaa thaah aam ravandan maargon parr ikattha hue aur europeeya logon kii kaaron parr pathraav kiya. afavaahen kii vaha kharaab swaasthya mein thaa, atyadhik sharaab peene key prabhaavon seey peedit thaa, saath hii saath anupachaarit upadansh key prabhaav, kissy bhee saboot dwara asatyaapit daave hain. raajaa key ack dou parichaarak ney kahaa kii vaha usa samay bahut swasth they, joe tennis key jordar khelon sahit khel gatividhiyon mein unaki sakriya bhagidari seey samarthit haye.
rudahigwa key baad unake sautele bhaai, jeane-baptist nandahindurva, kigeli banaam key roop mein aae.
vyaktigat jeevan.
mutara ney 15 octuber 1933 koo nyiramkomali seey shaadi kii aur 1941 mein unakaa talaak hoe gayaa. unhone 13 janwari 1942 koo ack church kii shaadi mein ack isai rosali jikanda seey shaadi kii.
rudahigwa kii mrityu key baad, rosley jikanda ravanda mein hii reh gayaa. 1994 mein edelphones nizeyamaana key adesh parr tutsi key khilaf narsamhar key dauran unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. baad mein unhein hirasat mein leey liya gayaa, ack yuddh aparaadh adalat dwara doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee.
1953 mein americi lekhak johnn gunthar ney apani pustak "inside africa" kii taiyari mein swami kaa sakshatkar liya. iss mein 
rudahigwa koo ack udas aur shaant vyaktitva, dubla aur dikhane mein sunder aur chhah phut nau kii oonchaai key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. unhone utkrisht french bhasha bolly aur belgium key prati wafadari aur usa avadhi key sanyukt rashtra nyaas key prati udasinta kaa daavaa kiya. 
sandarbh.
romeo dalair shaitan key saath haath milaaen = = baahari link, 11

