
paschimi drishtikon saamarik ikai

paschimi drishtikon saamarik ikai (vaatu) british shaahi nausena kii ack ikai thee jise janwari 1942 mein vikasit karane aur prasaarit karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa.
trance-atlantic shipping kafile parr german pandubbi hamalon kaa mukabala karane key liye naee ranneeti. iska netritva kaptan gilbert roberts ney kiya thaa aur mukhya roop seey mahila shaahi nausena seva (raine) key adhikaariyon aur rating dwara karmchaariyon dwara kiya gayaa thaa. yuu-boat hamalon kaa adhyayan karane aur jawabi upaayon koo vikasit karane key liye unakaa praathamik upkaran yuddh thaa. vyaapaari nauvahan key liye yuu-boat key khatare koo haraane key baad, vaatu ney yuddh key baad key charanon key liye pandubbi-rodhi ranneeti vikasit karna jaari rakhaa, jisamen operation overlord aur prashant yuddh shamil they. vaatu ney nausena key adhikaariyon koo saptah bhar chalane vaale prashikshan pathyakramon kii mejbani karke apani ranneeti mein prashikshit kiya, jisamen chhaatr yuddh khel khelate they. julaai 1945 key anta mein vaatu ney aupchaarik roop seey sanchaalan bund curr diyaa.
mission.
pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, german pandubbiyon (yuu-naukaaon) ney atlantic mahasagar mein vyaparik jahaajon koo dubo diyaa taaki europe mein germany key dushmanon koo aapoorti seey incar kiya jaa sakey. britten ney vyaparik jahaajon koo kafile mein sangathit karke pratikriya vyakt kii, jinhen yuddhpoton dwara leey jaaya gayaa thaa, joe gahan aaropon key saath sashastr they. yeh ranneeti yuu-naukaaon koo peechhe hataane mein prabhaavi saabit hui. antar-yuddh key varshon key dauran, germany ney gupt roop seey kafile kii pranali kaa mukabala karane key liye naee pandubbi ranneeti vikasit kii. iss shodh key utpaad "wolfpack" ranneeti they, jisamen pandubbiyan samoohon mein kafile parr hamla karati theen, kafile kii pranali kii kamjoriyon kaa fayda uthaati theen, aur pandubbi praudyogiki mein naee pragati karati theen. isake vipareet, angrejon ney antar-yuddh key varshon key dauran pandubbi ranneeti kaa adhyayan karane mein upeksha kii thee. unhone dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein pravesh kiya yeh maanate hue kii yuu-naukaaen pichhale yuddh key dauran kii tarah kaam karengi, iss baat seey anjaan they kii german naee chaalon key saath una parr aaa jaayenge.
jaise hii britten ney germany parr yuddh kii ghoshana kii (3 sitambar 1939), germany ney apani yuu-naukaaon koo atlantic paar nauvahan parr hamla karane key liye bheja. yuu-naukaaon kaa vinashkari prabhaav padaa. 1938 mein, britten koo 68 million tunn ayaat praapt huaa thaa, lekin 1941 mein yuu-naukaaon ney ise ghataakar 26 million curr diyaa. britten ack aatmanirbhar rashtra naheen thaa, aur antatah isake khaadya bhandar samaapt hoe jaayenge aur akaal koo rokane key liye ise aatmasamarpan karane key liye majboor honah padegaa. march 1941 mein, pradhaan mantri winston churchill ney ghoshana kii kii britten "atlantic kii ladaai" lada rhaa thaa, aur pandubbi-rodhi yuddh koo sarvocch prathamikta dee.
shaahi nausena radio prasaranon seey samajh gaee kii yuu-naukaaen samanvit samoohon mein kaam curr rahee theen, lekin unhein apani ranneeti kii vishishtataon kaa pataa naheen thaa. 1 janwari 1942 koo, admiral cecil usborne ney commander gilbert roberts koo leaverpool mein paschimi drishtikon kamaan mein ack yuddh ikai sthaapit karane key liye niyukt kiya, taaki pandubbi key hamalon kaa vishleshan kiya jaa sakey aur rakshaatmak ranneeti vikasit kii jaa sakey. roberts ney portsmouth saamarik vidyalaya mein dou saal key karyakal key dauran nausainik yuddh khel taiyar kiye they, jinka upayog naee ranneetiyon aur ranneetiyon koo vikasit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, roberts ack pratibhashali sanchaarak they joe commanders koo una ranneetiyon mein prashikshit karane mein saksham honge joe unhein vikasit karni theen.
roberts paschimi pahunch mukhyalaya key sheersh tala parr apani saamarik ikai sthaapit karane key liye liverpool chaley gaye. yeh kaary aadhikarik taur parr 23 farwari 1942 koo shuru huaa. paschimi maargon parr adhikansh karmchari mahilaaon kii shaahi nausena seva (bolchal kii bhasha mein "vrain" key roop mein sandarbhit) kii mahilaaen theen, aur isi tarah roberts ney unake adhikansh karmchaariyon koo vrain seey bharti kiya. 1942 seey 1945 taka kull chhiyaasath vrenon ney vaatu mein seva kii.
roberts aur unaki team ney kafile key anurakshak commanders seey yuddh reports kii sameeksha kii, yuddhpoton mein yuddhon koo phir seey banaaya taaki yeh pataa lagaaya jaa sakey kii yuu-naukaaen kaise kaam curr rahee theen, aur phir aisee ranneeti taiyar kii jisake dwara anurakshak yuu-naukaaon koo haraa sakate they. unakaa pahala utpaad "raspberry" kootnam vaalaa ack ranneeti thaa (neeche dekhein). ranneeti taiyar karane key saath-saath, vaatu ney nausena adhikaariyon koo yuddh mein bhaag laker unake upayog mein bhee prashikshit kiya. prashikshan pathyakram somwar seey shaniwar taka chhah dinon taka chalaa aur farwari 1942 seey julaai 1945 key antim saptah taka harr saptah aayojit kiya jaataa thaa. ack baar mein pachas adhikaariyon ney pathyakram liya. vaatu ney naa kewal british adhikaariyon koo prashikshit kiya, balki kanada, sanyukt raajya america, newzealand, norwey, dakshin africa, polland aur swatantra france jaise anya deshon key adhikaariyon koo bhee prashikshit kiya.
maee 1943 mein, admiral carle donitz ney yuu-naukaaon koo atlantic seey vaapas jaane kaa adesh diyaa, jisase vyaapaari kafile koo binaa kissy rukawat key gujarane kii anumati millie.
1944 taka, vaatu kaa astitva saarvajanik gyaan thaa. ack patrakaar ney janwari 1944 mein ack yuddh kaa avalokan karane key liye vaatu kaa daura kiya aur "dainik herauld" mein ack chhota lekh prakaashit kiya. agale maheene "sachitra" patrika mein ack pradarshani dikhaai dee.
vaatu ney yuddh key anta taka pandubbi rodhi ranneeti vikasit karna aur adhikaariyon koo prashikshit karna jaari rakhaa. julaai 1945 key anta mein isane aadhikarik taur parr sanchaalan bund curr diyaa. isane apane jivankal mein lagbhag 5,000 adhikaariyon koo prashikshit kiya thaa.
viraasat.
vaatu key bund honey key baad, admiral horton ney apane poorv sadasyon koo nimnalikhit sanket bhejaah "vaatu key bund honey parr main kaptan roberts aur unake karmchaariyon key shandar kaam key liye apana aabhar aur uchch prashansa vyakt karna chaahata huun, jisane germany kii antim haar mein koee chhota yogdan naheen diyaa."admiral kuleen ney roberts koo ack patra bheja jisamen unhone likhaah" "..aapako yuddh jeetane mein bahut kuchh karna thaa kyonki aggar humm atlantic kii ladaai naheen jeetate tou hamein nissandeh yuddh haarnaa chaahiye thaa!"
joe baat vaatu koo sainya yuddh key itihas mein ack ullekhaniya prakaran banaati haye, vaha yeh haye kii yeh pahala udaaharan thaa jahan yuddh kaa upayog chala rahey yuddh mein honey vaali samasyaon key samadhan key liye kiya gayaa thaa. usa samay taka, adhikansh yuddh sambhaavit yuddhon key liye adhikaariyon koo taiyar karane key liye shaanti key dauran khele jaate they, aur unhone jinn paridrishyon kaa pataa lagaaya way yaa tou kaalpanik they yaa kaee saal pahale hue they. yeh sanchaar praudyogikiyon dwara sambhav huaa joe pahale key yugon (radio aur telephone) mein yuddhpoton key liye upalabdh naheen theen.
vaatu dwara pradaan kiya gayaa prashikshan pathyakram 1951 key upanyaas "dha crool see" (jise "commanding officers 'tactical course" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye) mein dikhaai detaa haye. lekhak, nicolaus monsarat, yuddh mein apani seva key dauran vaatu mein shamil hue they. yeh drishya 1953 kii film roopaantaran mein dikhaai naheen diyaa.
uttar atlantic kii ladaai mein vaatu kii bhoomika koo 2022 kii television shrinkhala 'yuu-boat yuddhapot' mein ujagar kiya gayaa haye, aur joe iss baat parr bhee jore detaa haye kii kaise ikai kii shaahi nausena ney vaatu kii safalata mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa.
mukhyalaya.
paschimi drishtikon kamaan britten kii shaahi nausena kii ack parichaalan kamaan thee, jise paschimi drishtikon (ireland aur britten key paschim mein samudra) mein british shipping kii raksha karane kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. shuru mein britten key dakshini tata parr plymouth mein mukhyalaya, ise farwari 1941 mein uttar mein liverpool mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. france key germans key haathon girane key baad, uttari atlantic shipping kafile koo german nausena seey bachane key liye ireland key uttar mein modd diyaa gayaa thaa. leaverpool mein paschimi drishtikon koo sthanantarit karane seey sanchaar mein teji aaee. iska mukhyalaya derby house thaa, joe liverpool key town holl key peechhe sthit ack imarat thee; aaj mukhyalaya ack sangrahalaya haye. aathh kamaron vaali oopari manjil vaatu koo aavantit kii gaee thee. paschimi abhigaman mukhyalaya mein adhikansh karmchari mahila shaahi nausena seva kii mahilaaen theen. bolchal kii bhasha mein, unhein "vrain" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa. jaba janwari 1942 mein roberts paschimi maarg parr pahunche, tou isake commander-inn-cheef admiral persey nobal they, jinhen navambar 1942 mein admiral max horton dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
karmchari.
mahila shaahi nausena seva (vrain) kii kull chhiyaasath mahilaaon ney 1942 seey 1945 taka vaatu mein seva kii.
yuddh khel kaa avalokan.
gilbert roberts koo pahali baar 1935 seey 1937 taka portsmouth saamarik vidyalaya mein ack karyakal key dauran yuddh key liye pesh kiya gayaa thaa. roberts ney badey utsaah key saath yuddh karane kaa kaam shuru kiya, aur apane swayam key niyam vikasit kiye. roberts key yuddh khel fred tii dwara vikasit yuddh khelon parr adharit they. 1898 mein jaine ("jaine neval wargame" aur "ladaakoo jahaaj"). pratham vishva yuddh key dauran yuu-naukaaon key majboot prabhaav key bavjood, portmouth mein roberts key yuddhapot pandubbi yuddh kaa anukaran naheen karate they, naa hii vyaapaari kafile parr hamale karate they. vaastav mein, shaahi nausena mein kissy ney bhee 1942 mein vaatu kii sthaapana taka yuddh key madhyam seey pandubbi yuddh kaa adhyayan naheen kiya.
vaatu mein, yuddh key khel paschimi drishtikon aich. kyu. key sheersh tala key sabse badey kamare mein aayojit kiye gaye they. farsh bhoore rung key linoleum seey dhakaa huaa thaa aur kendra mein ack chitrit grid thaa. yeh grid khel board thaa, yaa "saamarik mez" jaisa kii shaahi nausena ney ise sandarbhit kiya thaa. gridline duss inch kii doori parr they, joe ack samudri meal kaa pratinidhitva karate they. grid key chaaron or canvas kii urdhvaadhar screenen theen jinamen piphol cutt gaye they. joe khilaadi anurakshak jahaajon koo niyantrit karate they, unhein parde key peechhe khadaa honah padata thaa aur way kewal piphol key madhyam seey khel board koo dekh sakate they. yuu-naukaaon koo niyantrit karane vaale khilaadi parde key peechhe khade naheen they aur khel board kaa ack apratibandhit drishya thaa. jahaajon aur satah parr yuu-naukaaon koo chhote lakadi key model dwara khel board parr darshaaya gayaa thaa. yuu-naukaaon kii gati rekhaaon koo harey chaak mein kheencha gayaa thaa, ack rung joe farsh key bhoore rung key saath kharaab roop seey vipareet thaa, jaise kii jaba ack konn seey dekhaa jaataa haye, tou yeye rekhaaen vyaavhaarik roop seey adrishya theen, isaliye screen key peechhe key khilaadi unhein naheen banaa sakate they. escort jahaajon kii gati rekhaaon koo safed chaak key saath kheencha gayaa thaa, jise screen key peechhe khilaadiyon dwara spasht roop seey dekhaa jaa sakata thaa.
khilaadiyon koo nirnay lene aur adesh dene key liye prati baari dou minut kaa samay diyaa gayaa thaa. khilaadiyon ney apane kaalpanik jahaajon key liye kagaj key tukadon parr apane adesh jaari kiye jinhen way rains koo dete they-isase kamare key doosari taraf unake virodhiyon koo sunane seey rokaa gayaa. taba rains farsh parr utarate hain aur khilaadiyon key aadeshon key parinamon kii ganana karate hain, chaak mein jahaajon key prakshepavakra koo aakarshit karate hain. roberts ney sabhi sambandhit jahaajon kii pradarshan visheshtaon key saath raine pradaan kieh yuu-boat key torpedo kii seema, jahaajon kii gati, unaki modd kii gati, escorts key sonar (taba ise aeye. aiss. dee. see. key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) kii sateek kshamataaen, injan kaa shore sunane key prayason koo kaise vikrit curr sakata haye, raat mein drishyata, aadi.
ranneeti vikasit kii.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh pandubbi yuddh parr tippani.
iss yug kii pandubbiyaan deejal injan aur baitariyon dwara sanchaalit theen. way kewal apane deejal injanon kaa upayog taba curr sakate they jaba way saamane aae, kyonki inhen kaam karane key liye havaa mein saans lene kii aavashyakta thee. jaba pandubbi jalmagn hoti thee, tou usamen seesa-acid battery kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. battery injan kii tulanaa mein cumm shaktishali thee, isaliye pandubbi koo lagbhag aadhi gati taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaah ee.jee. ack prakaar kii vaayik yuu-boat satah parr yatra curr sakati haye lekin kewal paani key neeche. paani key neeche ack ghante yaa adhikatam gati key baad battery samaapt hoe sakati haye. jaba battery samaapt hoe jaati thee, tou yuu-boat koo havaa key liye satah parr jaane aur deejal injan key saath battery koo recharge karane key liye majboor kiya jaataa thaa.
british pahale they jinhone dushman kii pandubbiyon kaa shikaar karane key liye apane yuddhpoton koo sonar seey lais kiya thaa. unhone iss takneek koo "asdic" kahaa; "sonar" shabd koo baad mein amerikiyon dwara gadhaa gayaa thaa (yeh lekh "sonar" shabd kaa upayog karega kyonki yeh adhik vyaapak roop seey jaanaa jaataa haye). iss takneek ney paani mein jore seey ping bheje aur pratidhvaniyon dwara ack jalmagn pandubbi kaa pataa lagaaya. yuu-naukaaen inn ping koo suna sakati theen, isaliye unhein pataa chala jaayega kii unakaa shikaar kiya jaa rhaa thaa. vyavhaar mein, aeye. aiss. dee. see. kii ausat pehchaan seema thee. yadi paani mein bahut adhik pariveshi shore hotaa haye tou aeye. aiss. dee. see. aprabhaavi hoe sakata haye. ack jahaaj apane aeye. aiss. dee. see. kaa upayog karate hue jiss adhikatam gati seey yatra curr sakata thaa, vaha lagbhag thee, jisake aage usake apane propeller aur injan kaa shore pratidhvaniyon koo dubo dega. yuu-naukaaon aur yuddhpoton donon mein hydrophone bhee they jinake saath way paani mein dhwani key liye nishkriya roop seey suna sakate they.
vyaparik jahaajon ney kafile mein yatra kii, joe anurakshak yuddhpoton key ack chakr seey ghiraa huaa thaa. kafila khud 7 seey 8 samudri meal kii gati seey aage badhaa.
yuu-naukaaon parr aamtaur parr raat mein hamla kiya jaataa haye. andhera key aavaran ney unhein satah kii gaharaai parr yatra karane kii anumati dee, jisamen look-out dwara dekhe jaane kaa cumm jokhim thaa. anurakshak jahaaj taaron key gole seey lais they, joe havaa mein daage jaane parr ack chhote seey parachute dwara oopar rakhee gaee ack jalati hui jwala chhod dete they. yeh paani kii satah koo rotion karega, jisase satah parr yuu-boat koo dekhana aasaan hoe jaayega.
pandubbiyon koo dubane key liye yuddhpoton ney gaharaai seey charge kaa upayog kiya. yeye bumm hain joe yuu-boat key aspas paani mein giraaye gaye they. yadi 10 meater key bheetar koee pandubbi naheen doobati haye tou visfot seey utpann hydrolic shockwave gambhir roop seey nuksan pahunchaayegi.
"raspberry.
pratham vishva yuddh key dauran, yuu-naukaaen aam taur parr gathan key baahar seey kafile parr hamla karati hain, paridhi parr jahaajon parr hamla karati hain. lekin 1942 mein kafile kii reports seey pataa chalaa kii yuu-naukaaen nirmaan key kendra mein jahaajon koo doob rahee theen. roberts ney anuman lagaaya kii yuu-naukaaen apane torpedo koo daagne seey pahale kissy tarah seey binaa kissy pehchaan key sanrachana mein ghus rahee theen. roberts aur unaki team ney vibhinn tarikon kaa pareekshan kiya jisake dwara ack yuu-boat ack kafile mein ghus sakati haye, ack jahaaj koo dubo sakati haye, aur binaa kissy pataa key butch sakati haye. khel board parr kewal ack ranneeti kaam karati theeh yuu-boat peechhe seey, satah parr kafile mein ghus jaati haye taaki vaha apane deejal injan kaa upayog kafile koo baahar karane key liye curr sakey. choonki yeye hamale raat mein hue aur look-out saamane kii or dhyaan kendrit karane kii pravritti rakhate they, isaliye yuu-boat koo aasaani seey naheen dekhaa gayaa thaa, aur ack baar kafile key ander aaney parr yeh radar parr anya jahaajon seey aprabhedya thaa. yuu-boat taba ack vyaapaari jahaaj koo ack tarpedo key saath nikat seema mein dubo degi, phir apane bachane key liye doob jaayegi.
roberts aur unaki team ney "raspberry" paintarebaazi vikasit kii. ack kafile key jahaaj koo tarpedo karate hue dekhane parr, kissy bhee anurakshak koo dou safed rockett yaa roman mombattiyaan chalaani theen, phir paintarebaazi shuru karane key liye radio parr "raspberry" shabd kahana thaa. koee bhee aage kii or seey bhaagne vaale khilaadi, taaron key gole daagate hue, apana raasta banaae rakhate hain. peechhe kii or escorts aur kafile key kinare 15 samudri meal kii gati seey kafile kii or jaate hain. ack peechhe kaa anurakshak kafile key pichhale hisse koo saaf kartaa haye. anya escorts, kafile key kinare key karib, ghoomate hain aur 10 seey 12 minut key liye taaron key gole daagne vaale kafile seey door chaley jaate hain. phir way mudate hain aur apani shuruati sthiti mein vaapas jaate hain. aisaa karate samay, sabhi jahaaj paani kii satah koo rotion karane key liye taaron key gole baahar kii or fayer karate hain.
"raspberry" sambhavatah "buttercup" key roop mein jaani jaane vaali ack poorv paintarebaazi kaa vikas haye, jise fredrick jey dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. walker, ack escort commander. "buttercup" kii nausena dwara aalochana kii gaee thee kii sabhi dishaaon mein yuu-boat key liye sabhi escorts sweep naheen they. buttercup" mein, escorts kewal kafile key usa taraf jaate they jahan seey hamla huaa thaa, jiska arth thaa kii aggar escort commander galat coll kartaa haye tou yuu-boat butch sakati haye. isake alawa, kewal anurakshak commander hii paintarebaazi kaa adesh dey sakata thaa, jisase ghaatak deree hoe sakati thee. isake vipareet, "raspberry" mein sabhi escorts poore paridhi koo saaf karate hain, aur koee bhee escorts paintarebaazi kaa adesh dey sakata haye.
yeh jeane lella thaa jisane "raspberry" naam kaa prastaav rakhaa, jaisa kii "hitler parr raspberry udaanaa" mein thaa.
"raspberry" koo maee 1943 mein radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
"ananas.
"ananas" koo "raspberry" aur "kele" key vikalp key roop mein design kiya gayaa thaa. iska upayog taba kiya jaanaa thaa jaba ack seey adhik yuu-boat kafile parr hamla curr rahee thee, aur ise chaar cheejon koo karane key liye design kiya gayaa thaah (1) hamla karane mein saksham honey seey pahale ack doosari yuu-boat koo gotaa lagaane key liye majboor karna; (2) ack yuu-boat kaa pataa lagaane kaa mauka denaa joe pahale seey hii torpedo chalaa chuki haye; (3) kissy bhee roshni mein kissy bhee yuu-boat koo kafile koo dekhane seey rokna jiska upayog yuu-boat kaa pataa lagaane key liye kiya jaataa haye joe pahale hii hamla curr chuki haye; aur (4) kissy bhee jalmagn yuu-boat kaa pataa lagaane kii sambhavana badhaana joe hamla karane vaali haye aur pandubbi aakraman kshetra mein ack badee bhautik baadha banaane key liye haye.
ack jahaaj koo tarpedo hotey hue dekhane parr, koee bhee anurakshak dou safed rockett chalaata haye aur phir paintarebaazi shuru karane key liye radio parr "ananas" shabd kahata haye. gaharaai key aaveshon koo duss-avesh uthale pattern parr sett kiya jaanaa haye. escorts 2 meal chaude zigzag pattern mein aage badhate rahate hain, sonar, radar aur starr shale kaa upayog karke yuu-naukaaon kii khoj karate hain. doosari yuu-boat kii khoj key liye dusare yuu-boat fayer starr key gole kafile seey door doosari yuu-boat kii apekshit disha kaa saamana curr rahey escorts. unhein kafile mein taaron key gole naheen daagne they, aur kafile key vipareet taraf key escorts koo taaron key gole bilkul naheen daagne they-yeh shayed kafile koo rotion karane seey bachane key liye thaa, jisase doosari yuu-boat key liye aasaani seey pataa chala jaataa.
"kelaa.
"banaana" kaa uddeshya taba thaa jaba ack ekal yuu-boat ney kafile parr hamla kiya ("ananas" key vipareet joe paik hamalon key liye thaa). ananas" key saath, yeh "raspberry" koo pratisthaapit kartaa haye.
ack vyaapaari jahaaj koo tarpedo karate hue dekhane parr, anurakshak koo dou safed rockett yaa roman mombattiyaan dagani theen aur radio parr "kele" kaa sanket denaa thaa, phir adhikatam vyavharya gati seey sonar aur radar key saath jhaadana shuru karna thaa. peechhe kii or seey aag key taaron key gole baahar kii or nikalate hain, phir ack zigzag pattern mein sonar key saath sweep karane key liye kafile mein chaley jaate hain. tarpedo vaale pott key malabe taka pahunchane key liye inmein seey pahala escorts kshetra mein operation "observent" kartaa haye. kafile key buggle kii or escorts kafile key peechhe kii or taba taka jaate hain jaba taka kii way peechhe key escorts key paas naheen hoe jaate, jisake baad way ghoomate hain aur ack zigzag pattern mein aage badhate hain. forward escorts koo ack zigzag pattern mein aage kii or jhoolana thaa.
"beeta khoj".
"beeta search" ack paintarebaazi thee jisake dwara ack anurakshak ack yuu-boat kaa pataa lagaane mein saksham hoe sakata thaa jise usane ack kafile kii chhaaya mein dekhaa thaa. escort commanders key liye manual ("atlantic kafile key nirdesh") mein kahaa gayaa haye kii ack ekal escort key paas ack yuu-boat koo khojane aur nasht karane kaa ack kharaab mauka thaa, lekin yeh maanate hue kii yuu-boat usa aspas key kshetra mein khoj karegi, safalata kii sambhavana kuchh hudd taka badhaai jaa sakati thee. "beeta khoj" commander fredrick walker dwara vikasit ack pahale key paintarebaazi kaa vikas thaa jise "alfa khoj" kahaa jaataa haye. alfa khoj" parr "beeta khoj" kaa laabh yeh haye kii "beeta khoj" yuu-boat koo ack vishisht disha mein jaane key liye raaji karati haye. beeta khoj" kaa nuksan yeh haye kii anurakshak koo iska upayog karane key liye "vishesh plotting upkaran" seey susajjit honah chaahiye.
alfa khoj" mein, anurakshak seedhe yuu-boat key liye jaataa haye, joe yuu-boat koo gotaa lagaane key liye prerit karega. anurakshak phir 20 degree muda jaataa haye. jaba anurakshak yuu-boat key "sabse door" vritt taka pahunchata haye, tou yeh yuu-boat kii sthiti kii or maarg badal detaa haye, chhote pairon key pattern key saath ack zigzag mein aage badhata haye. usa sthaan seey gujarane parr jahan yuu-boat gotaa lagaati haye, anurakshak paani mein ack marker giraata haye, phir usee door key zigzagging key liye aage badhata haye. phir yeh kafile kii or 90 degree mudataa haye aur ack khoj pattern shuru kartaa haye jise operation "observent" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
beeta khoj" mein, anurakshak yuu-boat kii or mudataa haye, lekin seedhe usaki or naheen. yuu-boat sambhavatah dubkar aur kafile key samanantar ack maarg kaa anusaran karke pratikriya karegi. isake baad anurakshak usa maarg key saath yuu-boat kii anumaanit sthiti kii or badhata haye (yeh usa assar seey lagbhag 15 degree konn parr hoga jiss parr yuu-boat koo dekhaa gayaa thaa). jaba anurakshak yuu-boat key "sabse door" vritt taka pahunchata haye, tou yeh "chhote pairon key saath zigzagging" shuru kartaa haye. jaba anurakshak yuu-boat kii anumaanit palayan rekha key oopar seey gujarta haye, tou yeh paani mein ack samudri marker girana thaa. jaba anurakshak yuu-boat key "sabse door" vritt taka pahunch gayaa, tou usey usa sthiti kii or 90 degree mudanaa thaa jahan yuu-boat ney gotaa lagaaya thaa aur "observent" operation shuru karna thaa.
"ack taraf kadam rakhein.
"ack taraf kadam" ack paintarebaazi thee jisake dwara ack yuddhapot dhwanik tarpedo seey lais ack yuu-boat parr hamla curr sakata thaa, vishesh roop seey tii5 "zohnconig" tarpedo, jise shaahi nausena ney gnate (german nausena dhwanik tarpedo) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya thaa. iss tarpedo ney dhwani dwara apane lakshya taka khud koo nirdeshit karane key liye nirmit hydrophone kaa upayog kiya. iss tarpedo kaa pahala upayog 20 sitambar 1943 koo 202 parr kafile key khilaf kiya gayaa thaa. shaahi nausena koo pahale seey hii pataa thaa kii germans ney kabja kiye gaye germans aur decrypt kiye gaye sancharon kii poochtaachh key madhyam seey ack dhwanik tarpedo vikasit kiya thaa. 202 parr hamale mein, ack yuddhapot peechhe kii or maaraa gayaa thaa, jaba yeh yuu-boat parr neeche jaa rhaa thaa, kuchh aisaa joe kewal ack hoaming tarpedo dwara kiya jaa sakata thaa; yuddhapot key propeller kii aavaaz key liye tarpedo kheencha gayaa thaa. roberts aur vaatu mein unaki team ney ack paintarebaazi vikasit kii jise "ack taraf kadam" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen yuddhapot ney dhwanik torpedo koo chakma dene key liye tej modd liya kyonki yuu-boat yuddhapot key hamale kii seema mein paintarebaazi curr sakati haye. "23 sitambar 1943 koo samudra mein commanders koo radio dwara "ack taraf kadam" karane key baare mein bataaya gayaa thaa.
"ack taraf kadam" yuddhpoton key liye thaa joe lomdi key dikoy seey lais naheen they aur joe teji seey naheen jaa sakate they. adhikansh kafile key escorts 16 seey 20 samudri meal kii adhikatam gati key saath yuddhapot aur corvet they. 24 samudri meal vaha gati thee jiss parr tii5 tarpedo chalaa, isaliye jahaaj joe usase (vidhvansak) teji seey jaa sakate they, tarpedo koo peechhe chhod sakate they.
6, 000 gaj key bheetar ack yuu-boat dekhane parr, jahaaj 2 minut key liye sabse achchi gati seey yuu-boat key liye seedhe jaataa haye. yeh ummeed kii jaa rahee thee kii yuu-boat apane dhwanik tarpedo koo taba chalaayegi jaba usane jahaaj koo seedhe usake liye jaate dekhaa. 2 minut key baad, jahaaj 60 degree baaen yaa daaen mudataa haye aur 3 minut key liye iss alag pathyakram koo dhaaran kartaa haye, jisase khud koo dhwanik tarpedo kii pehchaan seema key baahar rakh detaa haye. phir jahaaj phir seey yuu-boat key liye seedhe aage badhata haye. yadi yuu-boat ney abhee taka gotaa naheen lagaaya haye, tou jahaaj iss paintarebaazi koo dohrata haih 2 minut key liye yuu-boat kii or naukaayan karein, phir 60 degree ghumaaen, aadi. yuddhapot iss prakriya koo taba taka dohrata haye jaba taka kii yuu-boat gotaa naheen lagaati. jaba yuu-boat gotaa lagaati haye, tou jahaaj yuu-boat kii gotakhori kii sthiti mein bhaagata haye, phir sonar khoj karane key liye dheema hoe jaataa haye.

