
richard thurnwald

richard thurnwald (18 sitambar 1869-19 janwari 1954) ack austriyai maanavvigyaani aur samajshastri they, jinhen samajik sansthanon key apane tulanaatmak adhyayan key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
jeevani.
unhone berlin mein kaanoon, arthshastra aur praachya bhaashaon kaa adhyayan kiya, 1891 mein kaanoon kii degree arjit kii. phir unhone ack sarkari pada liya, aur bosnia mein tainaat rahate hue (1896 seey), unhone sthaaniya samajik aur aarthik jalavaayu parr shodh kiya. 1898 mein unhone misra kii yatra kii, aur berlin lautane key baad, unhone misra vigyaan aur oseriology (1901-05) mein kakshaaen leen. berlin mein, unhein sangrahalaya phur volkarkunde mein sahayak curator key roop mein rojgar milaa. 
1917 mein unhone haale vishvavidyalaya mein apana nivaas puuraa kiya, aur kaee varshon baad, berlin (1924) mein samajshastra aur maanav vigyaan mein vyakhyan denaa shuru kiya. 1931 seey 1936 taka, unhone sanyukt raajya america mein kakshaon mein padhaaya, harvard, yell aur california vishvavidyalaya mein vyakhyan diye. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, berlin key mukt vishvavidyalaya mein professor key roop mein, unhone samajik aur saanskritik maanav vigyaan sansthaan kii sthaapana kii.
apane karyakal key dauran, unhone soloman dweepon aur micronesia (1906-09) mein jaatiya-samajik adhyayan kiya. nyu ginny (1912-15) mein vaha walter bairman key saath kendriya nae ginny key uchch bhoomi mein pravesh karane vaale pahale europeeya they, joe 1912-13 key "casarine-augusta-flus abhiyaan" key sadasya bhee they. 
baad mein unhone apani padhaai jaari rakhane key liye purvi africa (1930) kii yatra kii. unhone wilheim wundt aur lucien levi-brahal key prabhaavshaali vichaaron seey doori banaa lii, aur unakaa maanana thaa kii samajik sansthanon kaa tulanaatmak roop seey vishleshan karke, koee bhee unake matbhedon koo behtar dhang seey samajha sakata haye aur kaise inn matbhedon ney pratyek sansthaan key maulik kaary koo nirdhaarit kiya. iss prakaar, karyatmak samajik sanrachanaon kii tulanaa karke, thurnwald ney aitihaasik vikas key anukram banaae. 
robbert lovi ney ack shraddhanjali mein unaki prashansa karate hue kahaa kii way "apane samay key sabse utpaadak naslavidon mein seey ack" they.
prakaashit kritiyaan.
1925 mein unhone patrika kii sthaapana kii, "zitscrift phur volcarcycology aind sogiology", ack prakaashan jiska naam baad mein "samajshastra" rakhaa gayaa. 1931 seey 1934 taka, unhone atyadhik prashansit "dye mensclitch gasselshaft inn iren ethano-soziologician grundlegan" ("maanav samaaj kii ethano-samajik neenv"; 5 khand) prakaashit kiya. unaki kaee kritiyaan angreji mein prakaashit hui hain, jaise kih
baahari link.
thurnwald, richard (1869-1954) (maanav vigyaan key itihas kaa beros antarrashtriya vishvakosh)
leonhard addam dwara smaarak richard thurnwald mein, oceania khand 25 (3) march 1,1955