
hirohito

1926 seey 1989 mein apani mrityu taka shasson karane vaale japan key 124vein samrat key roop mein maranoparant sammaanit, hirohito aur unaki patni, nagako key dou bete aur paanch betiyaan theen; unake baad unake paanchven bachche aur sabse badey bete, akihito ney raajya sambhala. 1979 taka, hirohito "samrat" kii upaadhi key saath duniya key ekmatra samrat they. vaha sabse lambe samay taka shasson karane vaale aitihaasik japani samrat they aur duniya key sabse lambe samay taka shasson karane vaale samraton mein seey ack they.
hirohito kaa janm tokyo key ayama mahal mein huaa thaa aur 1912 mein unhein shaahi japani senaa mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. way japan key shaahi vistaar, sainyikaran aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein bhagidari key dauran meeji samvidhaan key tahat raajya key pramukh they. japan ney 1930 aur 1940 key dashak mein hirohito key naam parr asia bhar mein yuddh chhed diyaa, joe ack bhagwan key roop mein sammaanit they. 
japan key aatmasamarpan key baad hirohito parr yuddh apraadhon key liye mukadama naheen chalaaya gayaa thaa, kyonki general dugglus mccarther ney socha thaa kii ack spasht roop seey sahakaari samrat ack shantipurna sahayogi vyavasaay sthaapit karane mein madad karega aur yuu kii madad karega.aiss. yuddh key baad key apane uddeshyon koo praapt karein. 1 janwari 1946 koo, sahyogiyon key dabaav mein, samrat ney aupchaarik roop seey apani divyata kaa tyag curr diyaa. 1947 key japan key samvidhaan ney samrat koo kewal raajya kaa prateek ghoshit kiya... logon kii ichcha seey apani sthiti praapt karna jisamen samprabhu shakti nivaas karati haye."
japan mein, samrat koo kabhi bhee unake diye gaye naam seey sandarbhit naheen kiya jaataa haye; shasson karane vaale samraton koo kewal "samrat" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. hirohito koo abb japani mein unake maranoparant naam, shova dwara sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, joe unake shasankal key saath mell khaane vaale yug kaa naam haye.
praarambhik jeevan.
hirohito kaa janm 29 aprail 1901 koo tokyo key ayoyama mahal (unake daadaa, samrat meji key shasankal key dauran) mein huaa thaa, joe 21 varsheeya crown prince yoshihito (bhavishya key samrat taisho) aur 16 varsheeya crown rajkumari sadako (bhavishya kii maharani teimei) kaa pahala betaa thaa. vaha samrat meji aur yangiwara naruko key potey they. unake bachpan kaa khitaab rajkumar mitchie thaa.
unake janm key duss saptah baad, hirohito koo darbar seey hataa diyaa gayaa aur count kawamura sumiyoshi kii dekhbhal mein rakhaa gayaa, jinhone unhein apane potey key roop mein paalaa. 3 saal kii umr mein, hirohito aur unake bhaai yasuhito koo adalat mein vaapas curr diyaa gayaa jaba kawamura kii mrityu hoe gaee-pahale numazu, shizuoka mein shaahi haveli mein, phir vaapas ayoyama mahal mein.
1908 mein, unhone gakushun (sathiyon key school) mein praathamik adhyayan shuru kiya. samrat mutsuhito ney taba general jogi maresuke koo gakushun kaa dasvaan rashtrapati niyukt kiya aur saath hii apane potey koo shikshit karane kaa prabhaari bhee niyukt kiya. mukhya roop seey shaaririk shiksha aur swaasthya parr dhyaan kendrit karane kaa mukhya pahalu, kyonki hirohito ack beemar bachcha thaa, joe kii mitavyayi, dhairya, mardanagi, aatm-niyantran aur kartavya key prati samarpan jaise moolyon key saath samaan thaa.
1912 key dauran, 11 saal kii umr mein, hirohito koo shaahi japani senaa mein dusare leftinent key roop mein aur shaahi japani nausena mein ack dhwaj key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhein chrysanthemum key crum kaa bhavya gheraa bhee pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. jaba unake daadaa, samrat meeji, kii mrityu 30 julaai 1912 koo hui, tou hirohito key pitaa, yoshihito ney simhaasan grahan kiya.
apane prashikshak, general jogi kii mrityu key baare mein jaanane key baad, vaha apane bhaaiyon key saath kathit taur parr bhaavanaon seey abhibhoot hoe gaye they. baad mein vaha apane jeevan mein jogi key sthaayi prabhaav koo sweekaar karenge. usa samay vaha abhee bhee praathamik vidyalaya puuraa karane seey dou saal door they, isaliye unaki shiksha kii bharpai bede key admiral togo hehachiro aur nausena key kaptan ogaswara nagnari dwara kii gaee, jisamen baad mein, unaki rashtriya raksha neeti key sambandh mein unake pramukh virodhi bunn gaye.
unake maadhyamik vidyalaya key prashikshakon mein seey ack shiratori kurakichi una vyaktitvon mein seey ack they jinhone hirohito key jeevan koo gaharaai seey prabhaavit kiya. kurakichi germany key ack prashikshit itihaaskaar they, jinhone leopold wonn rank dwara sakaratmak aitihaasik pravritti koo apanaaya. vaha vahee they jinhone yuva hirohito key dimag mein yeh bhavna paida kii kii shaahi rekha kii divya utpatti aur ise japaniyon kii nasleeya shreshthata aur ekroopata key mithak seey jodane kii akanksha key beach ack sambandh haye. samrat aksar apane desh key aadhunikikaran mein ack prerak shakti they. unhone hirohito koo sikhaaya kii japan kaa samrajya rajanyik karyon (anya rashtron key hiton koo paropkari aur nyaaypurna roop seey dhyaan mein rakhate hue) key madhyam seey banaaya aur shaasit kiya gayaa thaa.
crown prince yug.
2 navambar 1916 koo, hirohito koo aupchaarik roop seey crown prince aur uttaradhikari ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. iss sthiti kii pushti karane key liye ack nivesh samaroh kii aavashyakta naheen thee.
videsh yatra.
3 march seey 3 sitambar 1921 (taisho 10) taka, crown prince ney united kingdam, france, neetherland, belgium, itali aur vatican shahar kii aadhikarik yaatraaen keen. yeh crown prince kii paschimi europe kii pahali yatra thee. japan mein majboot virodh key bavjood, yeh yamagata aritomo aur sayonji kinmochi jaise badey japani raajnetaon (genro) key prayason seey mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa.
rajkumar hirohito key jaane kii khabar samachar patron mein vyaapak roop seey prakaashit hui thee. japani yuddhapot "katori" kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur yokohama seey ravaana hocker naaha, hangkang, singapur, columbo, suez, carro aur gibralter key liye ravaana huaa. yeh dou maheene baad 9 maee koo portsmouth mein aaya aur usee dinn way british rajdhani landan pahunche. unakaa britten mein anglo-japani gathbandhan key bhagidar key roop mein swaagat kiya gayaa aur raajaa george vee aur pradhaan mantri david lloyd george seey mulakat kii. usa shaam, buckingham palace mein ack bhoj aayojit kiya gayaa aur george vee aur prince arther off connot key saath ack baithak hui. george vee ney kahaa kii unhone apane pitaa key saath hirohito kii tarah vyavhaar kiya, joe ack aparichit videshi desh mein ghabaraae hue they, aur isase unake tanaav seey raahat millie. agale dinn, vaha windser mahal mein rajkumar edward (bhavishya key edward VIII) seey milaa, aur usake baad harr dinn ack bhoj aayojit kiya gayaa. landan mein, unhone british sangrahalaya, landan key tower, ingland key baink, lloyd key samudri beema, oxford vishvavidyalaya, senaa vishvavidyalaya aur nausena yuddh mahavidyalaya kaa daura kiya. unhone nae oxford theatre aur dilli theatre mein bhee rangmanch kaa anand liya. cambridge vishvavidyalaya mein, unhone professor jey. aar. british shaahi parivaar aur usake logon key beach sambandh" parr tanner kaa vyakhyan aur unhein maanad doctorate kii degree seey sammaanit kiya gayaa. unhone 19 seey 20 maee taka edinberg, scotland kaa daura kiya aur edinberg vishvavidyalaya mein unhein maanad doctor off low seey bhee sammaanit kiya gayaa. vaha teen dinon taka athol key 8vein duke johnn stevert-murre key nivaas parr rahey. stuart-murre key saath rahane parr, rajkumar key havaale seey kahaa gayaa thaa, "yadi aap duke athol kii tarah ack sadharan jeevan jeete hain tou bolshevikon kaa uday naheen hoga."
itali mein, vaha raajaa vittoriyo emuel III aur anya logon seey mille, aadhikarik antarrashtriya bhoj mein bhaag liya, aur pratham vishva yuddh key bheeshan yuddh key maidanon jaise sthaanon kaa daura kiya.
rajpratinidhi.
japan lautane key baad, hirohito 25 navambar 1921 koo apane beemar pitaa key sthaan parr japan (sesho) key rajpratinidhi bunn gaye, joe mansik bimari seey prabhaavit they. 1923 mein unhein senaa mein leftinent-curnell aur nausena mein commander key pada parr aur 1925 mein senaa key curnell aur nausena key kaptan key pada parr padonnat kiya gayaa.
hirohito key rajtantra key dauran, kaee mahatvapurna ghatanaaen huinh
13 disambar 1921 koo dweepeeya sampatti parr chaar-shakti sandhi parr hastakshar kiye gaye, japan, sanyukt raajya america, britten aur france prashant mein yathaasthiti koo maanyata dene key liye sahmat hue. japan aur britten anglo-japani gathbandhan koo samaapt karane key liye sahmat hue. yuddhpoton kii sankhya koo seemit karane vaali washington nausena sandhi parr 6 farwari 1922 koo hastakshar kiye gaye they. japan ney 28 agast 1922 koo cyberian hastakshep seey sainikon koo vaapas leey liya. 1 sitambar 1923 koo aae mahaan kaanto bhookamp ney tokyo koo tabah curr diyaa. 27 disambar 1923 koo, desuke namba ney toranomon ghatana mein hirohito kii hatyaa karane kaa prayaas kiya, lekin unakaa prayaas whiffle rhaa. poochtaachh key dauran, usane saamyavaadi honey kaa daavaa kiya aur usey maar diyaa gayaa.
shaadi.
rajkumar hirohito ney 26 janwari 1924 koo rajkumar kuniyoshi kuni kii sabse badee betty, apani door kii chacheri bahan rajkumari nagako kuni seey shaadi kii. unake dou bete aur paanch betiyaan theen (mudda dekhein).
joe betiyaan vayaskata taka jeevit raheen, unhone octuber 1947 mein japani shaahi parivaar key americi sudhaaron key parinamswarup (rajkumari shigeko key mamle mein) yaa unake baad key vivaah key samay shaahi gharelu kaanoon kii sharton key tahat (rajkumari kazuko, etsuko aur takako key mamalon mein) shaahi parivaar chhod diyaa.
shasson karein.
pravesh.
25 disambar 1926 koo yoshihito kii mrityu hoe gaee aur hirohito samrat bunn gayaa. kahaa jaataa thaa kii crown prince koo uttaradhikar ("seno") milaa thaa. taisho yug kaa anta aur shova yug kii shuruat (prabuddh shaanti) kii ghoshana kii gaee. kuchh hii dinon mein mritak samrat kaa naam badalkar maranoparant samrat taisho curr diyaa gayaa. japani reeti-rivaajon key anusaar, nae samrat koo kabhi bhee unake diye gaye naam seey sandarbhit naheen kiya gayaa thaa, balki unhein kewal "unaki mahima samrat" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa, jise "unaki mahima" key roop mein sankshipt kiya jaa sakata haye."likhit roop mein, samrat koo aupchaarik roop seey" "shaasak samrat" "key roop mein bhee sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa."
navambar 1928 mein, samrat key rajyabhishek kii pushti samarohon ("sokui") mein kii gaee thee, jinhen paaramparik roop seey "sinhasanarohan" aur "rajyabhishek" ("shova noo teree-shiki") key roop mein pahachaana jaataa haye; lekin iss aupchaarik ghatana koo adhik sateek roop seey ack saarvajanik pushti key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa hoga kii unake paas japani shaahi rajkosh thaa, jise teen pavitra khajaane bhee kahaa jaataa haye, jinhen sadiyon seey saunp diyaa gayaa haye. haalaanki unake sinhasanarohan kii yojana banaai gaee thee aur mandee kii aarthik sthitiyon key tahat aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki 55vein shaahi aahar ney utsavon key liye sarvasammati seey $7,360,000 paarit kiya.
praarambhik shasankal.
hirohito key shasankal kaa pahala bhaag vittiya sankat kii prishthabhoomi key khilaf huaa aur kanuni aur gair-kanuni donon madhyamon seey sarkaar key bheetar sainya shakti mein vriddhi hui. shaahi japani senaa aur shaahi japani nausena key paas 1900 seey cabinet key gathan parr veeto shakti thee. 1921 aur 1944 key beach, raajneetik hinsa kii 64 alag-alag ghatanaaen huin.
hirohito 9 janwari 1932 koo tokyo mein sakuradmon ghatana mein ack koriyai swatantrata karyakarta, lii bong-chang dwara fenke gaye hathgole seey hatyaa seey butch gayaa.
ack anya ullekhaniya mamla 1932 mein udaarvaadi pradhaanmantri inukai tsuyoshi kii hatyaa thee, joe senaa key nagrik niyantran key anta koo chihnit kartaa haye. 26 farwari kii ghatana, ack sainya takhtapalat kaa prayaas, farwari 1936 mein huaa. ise "kodoha" gutt key kanishth senaa adhikaariyon dwara anjam diyaa gayaa thaa, jinhen samrat key bhaaiyon mein seey ack, rajkumar chichibu, yasuhito sahit kaee uchch padasth adhikaariyon kii sahaanubhooti thee. iss vidroh kaa kaaran aahar chunaavon mein sainya gutt dwara raajneetik samarthan kii haani thee. takhtapalat key parinamswarup kaee uchch sarkari aur sainya adhikaariyon kii hatyaa hoe gaee.
jaba mukhya sahayak-dee-camp shigeru honjo ney unhein vidroh key baare mein soochit kiya, tou samrat ney turant adesh diyaa kii ise neeche giraa diyaa jaae aur adhikaariyon koo "vidrohi" ("boto") key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaae. isake turant baad, unhone senaa mantri yoshiyuki kawashima koo ack ghante key bheetar vidroh koo dabaane kaa adesh diyaa. unhone harr 30 minut mein honjo seey report maangi. agale dinn, jaba honjo ney bataaya kii uchch kamaan ney vidrohiyon koo paraast karane mein bahut cumm pragati kii haye, tou samrat ney unase kahaa, "main khud, cono vibhajan kaa netritva karunga aur unhein vash mein curr loonga."29 farwari koo unake adesh key baad vidroh koo dabaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
doosara cheeni-japani yuddh.
1931 mein mukden kii ghatana seey shuru hoti haye jisamen japan ney manchuria parr aakraman karane key bahaane cheeni asantushton key khilaf ack jhoothaa aarop lagaaya aur kathputali sarkaaron kii sthaapana kii. iss tarah kii aakraamakta kii sifarish hirohito koo unake karmchaariyon key pramukhon aur pradhaan mantri fumimaro cono dwara kii gaee thee, aur hirohito ney chean key aakraman parr apatti naheen jataai thee. 
chamberlain kuraji ogura kii ack diarry mein kahaa gayaa haye kii way 1937 mein chean key khilaf yuddh shuru karane key liye anichhuk they kyonki unhone chean kii sainya taakat koo cumm karke aanka thaa aur japan koo apani ranneeti mein satark rehna chaahiye. iss sambandh mein, ogura likhate hain kii hirohito ney kahaa kii "ack baar jaba aap (yuddh) shuru curr dete hain, tou ise aasaani seey beach mein naheen rokaa jaa sakata haye... yuddh koo kaba samaapt karna haye aur yuddh shuru karane mein savdhani baratani chaahiye, lekin ack baar shuru honey key baad ise poori tarah seey kiya jaanaa chaahiye." 
phir bhee, herbert bicks key anusaar, hirohito kii mukhya chinta uttar mein soviyat sangh dwara hamale kii sambhavana prateet hoti haye, kyonki unake karmchaariyon key pramukh, rajkumar kaana 'inn kotohito aur senaa mantri, hajime sugiyama seey unake sawal they, kii cheeni pratirodh koo kuchalane mein kitna samay lugg sakata haye aur way ack soviyat aakraman kii sthiti key liye kaise taiyar hoe sakate hain. bicks key nishkarshon key aadhar parr, hirohito iss tarah kii aakasmik yojanaon key saar key baare mein rajkumar kaana 'inn kii talmatol pratikriyaon seey aprasann thaa, lekin phir bhee usane sainikon koo uttar chean mein sthanantarit karane key nirnay koo manjuri dee.
akira fujiwara key anusaar, hirohito ney chean key aakraman koo "yuddh" key bajaay ack "ghatana" key roop mein yogya banaane kii neeti kaa samarthan kiya; isaliye, unhone iss sangharsh mein antarrashtriya kaanoon kaa paalan karane key liye koee notice jaari naheen kiya (joe unake poorvavartiyon ney pichhale sanghrshon mein japan dwara yuddh key roop mein aadhikarik roop seey maanyata praapt kii thee), aur japani senaa key upa mantri ney 5 agast koo japani cheeni senaa key pramukh koo cheeni kaidiyon key liye "yuddh key kaidi" shabd kaa upayog naheen karane kaa nirdesh diyaa. iss nirdesh key kaaran cheeni kaidiyon key saath vyavhaar parr antarrashtriya kaanoon kii baadhaon koo hataa diyaa gayaa. yoshiki yoshimi aur seiya matsuno key karyon seey pataa chalata haye kii samrat ney cheeni logon key khilaf rasayanik hathiyaron key upayog koo vishisht aadeshon ("rinsanmei") dwara bhee adhikrit kiya thaa. 
apane jeevan key baad, hirohito ney chean key khilaf 'rakshaatmak' yuddh chhedane key liye aage badhane key apane faisale mein peechhe mudkar dekhaa, aur kahaa kii unaki sabse badee prathamikta chean key saath yuddh chhedna naheen thaa, balki vaastav mein soviyat sangh key saath yuddh kii taiyari karna thaa, jabaki unaki senaa ney unhein aashvast kiya kii chean yuddh cumm seey cumm 3 maheene taka samaapt hoe jaayega, lekin unake usa nirnay ney unhein pareshan curr diyaa thaa kyonki vaha bhool gaye they kii chean mein japani senaayen cheeni kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm theen, isaliye unakaa alpadrishti vaalaa drishtikon spasht thaa.
1 disambar, 1937 koo hirohito ney general ivaane matsui koo aupchaarik nirdesh diyaa thaa kii way dushman kii rajdhani nanking parr kabja curr lein. vaha iss ladaai koo ladane key liye bahut utsuk thaa kyonki vaha aur usaki parishad kaa dridh vishvaas thaa kii chiang kaaee-shake key aatmasamarpan koo aage laane key liye kewal ack badaa jhataka lagega. ack saal baad jaba vaha tokyo laut aaya tou usane ivaane koo ack shaahi bachaav patra bhee diyaa, usake adhikaariyon dwara cheeni janata parr kii gaee barbarta key bavjood, isaliye hirohito ney aankhen moond lii theen aur inn rakshason koo maaf curr diyaa thaa.
wuhan key aakraman key dauran, agast seey octuber 1938 taka, samrat ney 375 alag-alag avsaron parr jaharili gais key upayog koo adhikrit kiya, 14 parr rashtron kii leag dwara apanaae gaye prastaav key bavjood japani jaharili gais key upayog kii ninda kii jaa sakati haye.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
taiyari.
julaai 1939 mein, samrat ney apane bhaai, rajkumar chichibu key saath iss baat koo laker jhagada kiya kii kyaa vaha commintern virodhi samjhaute kaa samarthan karey, aur senaa mantri, seshiro itagaki koo fatkaar lagaai. lekin europe mein wehrmatch kii safalata key baad, samrat ney gathbandhan key liye sahamati vyakt kii. 27 sitambar 1940 koo, jahir taur parr hirohito key netritva mein, japan germany aur itali key saath tripakshiya samjhaute kaa ack anubandh bhagidar bunn gayaa.
praapt kiye jaane vaale uddeshyon koo spasht roop seey paribhaashit kiya gayaa thaah chean aur dakshin poorv asia kii vijay key saath jaari rakhane key liye ack swatantra haath, kshetra mein humm yaa british sainya balon mein koee vriddhi naheen, aur paschim dwara "hamaare samrajya dwara aavashyak vastuon key adhigrahan mein" sahyog."
5 sitambar koo, pradhaan mantri cono ney anaupchaarik roop seey samrat koo nirnay kaa ack masauda prastut kiya, shaahi sammelan seey sirf ack dinn pahale jisamen ise aupchaarik roop seey lagu kiya jaayega. aaj shaam samrat ney senaa key pramukh, sugiyama, nausena key pramukh, osami nagano aur pradhaanmantri cono key saath baithak kii. samrat ney paschim key saath khule yuddh kii safalata kii sambhaavanaon key baare mein sugiyama seey sawal kiya. jaise hii sugiyama ney sakaratmak jawab diyaa, samrat ney usey daantah
nausena key pramukh, nausena key ack poorv mantri aur bahut anubhavi admiral nagano ney baad mein ack bharosemand sahayogi seey kahaa, "maine kabhi samrat koo iss tarah seey fatkaar lagaate hue naheen dekhaa, unakaa chehra laal hoe gayaa aur apani aavaaj uthaai."
phir bhee, shaahi sammelan key sabhi vaktaa kootneeti key bajaay yuddh key paksh mein ekjut they. shaahi parishad key adhyaksh aur samrat key pratinidhi, baron yoshimchi haaraa ney phir unase karib seey poochtaachh kii, iss prabhaav kaa jawab dete hue kii yuddh koo kewal kuchh logon seey antim upaay maanaa jaayega, aur dusaron seey maun.
8 octuber koo, sugiyama ney samrat (sojan) koo 47-prishth kii ack report parr hastakshar kiye, jisamen dakshin-poorv asia mein aage badhane key liye sookshm yojanaon koo rekhaankit kiya gayaa thaa. octuber key teesare saptah key dauran, sugiyama ney samrat koo yuddh key liye parichaalan drishtikon key baare mein 51 prishthon kaa ack dastavej diyaa, "simhaasan key jawab mein samagri".
jaise-jaise yuddh kii taiyari jaari rahee, pradhaan mantri fumimaro cono ney khud koo teji seey alag-thalag paaya, aur unhone 16 octuber koo istifa dey diyaa. unhone apane mukhya cabinet sachiv, kenji tomita key saamane khud koo yeh kahate hue uchit thaharaayaah
senaa aur nausena ney samrat key chaachaon mein seey ack rajkumar naruhiko higashikuni koo pradhaanmantri key roop mein niyukt karane kii sifarish kii. yuddh key baad likhe gaye shova "ekalap" key anusaar, samrat ney taba kahaa kii yadi yuddh shuru honah haye jabaki shaahi gharaane kaa ack sadasya pradhaanmantri haye, tou shaahi gharaane koo jimmedaari lenny hogi aur vaha iska virodh curr rhaa thaa.
isake bajaay, samrat ney kattarpanthi general haidki tojo koo chunaa, joe shaahi sanstha key prati apani bhakti key liye jaane jaate they, aur unhein shaahi sammelanon dwara joe sweekrit kiya gayaa thaa, usaki neetigat sameeksha karane key liye kahaa. 2 navambar koo tojo, sugiyama aur nagano ney samrat koo bataaya kii gyaarah binduon kii sameeksha vyarth rahee thee. samrat hirohito ney yuddh key liye apani sahamati dee aur phir poochhaah "kyaa aap yuddh key liye auchitya pradaan karane jaa rahey hain?"sanyukt raajya america key khilaf yuddh key nirnay koo general tojo, nausena mantri admiral shigetaro shimada aur japani videsh mantri shigenori togo dwara hirohito koo manjuri key liye prastut kiya gayaa thaa.
3 navambar koo nagano ney samrat koo motee bandargah parr hamale kii yojana key baare mein vistaar seey bataaya. 5 navambar koo samrat hirohito ney shaahi sammelan mein paschimi deshon key khilaf yuddh key liye sanchaalan yojana koo manjuri dee aur maheene key anta taka senaa aur tojo key saath kaee baithaken keen. 25 navambar koo heinry ell. sanyukt raajya america key yuddh sachiv, stimson ney apani diarry mein ullekh kiya kii unhone hamaare rashtrapati franklin dee key saath charcha kii thee. roozvelt ney iss baat kii gambhir sambhavana jataai kii japan ack aashcharyajanak hamla karane vaalaa thaa aur sawal yeh thaa kii "hamein unhein [japaniyon koo] khud koo bahut adhik khatare mein daale binaa pahale shott koo chalaane kii sthiti mein kaise leey jaanaa chaahiye."
agale dinn, 26 navambar 1941 koo, americi raajya sachiv cordell ney japani rajdoot koo patwar nott key saath prastut kiya, joe isaki sharton mein seey ack key roop mein francisi indochin aur chean seey sabhi japani sainikon kii poori tarah seey vaapsee kii maang kartaa thaa. japani pradhaan mantri haidi tojo ney apane mantrimandal seey kahaa, "yeh ack ultimatum haye."1 disambar koo ack shaahi sammelan ney sanyukt raajya america, sanyukt raajya aur neetherland key samrajya key khilaf yuddh koo manjuri dee."
yuddhah aage badhein aur peechhe hatein.
8 disambar (havaai mein 7 disambar), 1941 koo, ack saath hamalon mein, japani balon ney hangkang kii senaa, americi bede parr motee bandargah aur phillippeans mein hamla kiya aur malay parr aakraman shuru kiya.
rashtra key yuddh key prati poori tarah seey pratibaddh honey key kaaran, samrat ney sainya pragati mein gahari ruchi lii aur manobal badhaane kii koshish kii. akira yamda aur akira fujiwara key anusaar, samrat ney kuchh sainya abhiyaanon mein pramukh hastakshep kiye. udaaharan key liye, unhone sainikon kii sankhya badhaane aur bataan parr hamla karane key liye 13 aur 21 janwari aur 9 aur 26 farwari koo chaar baar sugiyama parr dabaav daala. 9 farwari 19 march aur 29 maee koo samrat ney senaa pramukh koo chean mein chongking parr hamale kii sambhaavanaon kii jaanch karane kaa adesh diyaa, jisake kaaran operation gogo huaa.
jabaki kuchh lekhak, jaise patrakaar peater jennings aur todd brooster, kahate hain kii poore yuddh key dauran, samrat japani yuddh apraadhon aur kaee samajik sansthanon key raajneetik shithilata parr "krodhit" thaa, jinhone unake prati apani wafadari kii ghoshana kii, aur kabhi-kabhi unake khilaf baat kii, jaise kii itihaaskaar herbert pee. bicks aur maark felton, saath hii chean key antarrashtriya sambandhon key visheshagya michael taaee bataate hain kii hirohito ney vyaktigat roop seey "three aul neeti" () koo manjuri dee, joe 1942 seey 1945 taka chean mein lagu kii gaee ack jhulasi hui prithvi ranneeti thee aur joe pratyaksh aur apratyaksh roop seey "27 laakh seey adhik" cheeni nagrikon kii mauton key liye jimmedaar thee.
jaise hii yuddh kaa jwaar japan key khilaf honey lagaa (1942 key anta aur 1943 kii shuruat mein), mahal mein soochana kaa pravaah dheere-dheere vaastaviktaa key saath cumm seey cumm sambandh rakhane lagaa, jabaki anya sujhaav dete hain kii samrat ney pradhaan mantri hikey tojo key saath milkar kaam kiya, senaa dwara achchi tarah seey aur sateek roop seey jaankaari dee gaee, aur japan kii sainya sthiti koo aatmasamarpan key bindu taka thheek seey jaanate they. pradhaan mantri key karyalaya key samanya mamalon key vibhaag key pramukh karmchari, shuichi inad ney tojo key niji sachiv, sadaavo akamatsu koo tippani keeh
yuddh key pahale chhah maheenon mein, sabhi pramukh vyastataaen vijay praapt curr chuki theen. 1942 kii garmiyon mein japani pragati koo beach kii ladaai aur agast mein gwadalkenal aur tulaagi parr americi balon key utarane key saath roque diyaa gayaa thaa. samrat ney yuddh mein teji seey prabhaavshaali bhoomika nibhai; gyaarah pramukh prakarnon mein vaha yuddh abhiyaanon key vaastavik sanchaalan kii nigrani mein gaharaai seey shamil they. hirohito ney kileband bataan praaydweep sahit 1941-42 mein phillippeans parr jaldi hamale kaa adesh dene key liye uchch kamaan parr dabaav daala. unhone gwadalkenal abhiyaan mein senaa kii vayu shakti kii tainaati koo surakshit kiya. guadalcanal seey japan kii vaapsee key baad unhone nae ginny mein ack nae aakraman kii maang kii, jise vidhivat anjam diyaa gayaa thaa lekin buri tarah seey whiffle rhaa. nausena key yuddh key sanchaalan seey nakhush, unhone kendriya soloman dweepon seey isaki vaapsee kii aalochana kii aur amerikiyon key khilaf nausena kii ladaai kii maang kii, kyonki unhone alutiyanon koo nuksan pahunchaaya thaa. yuddh aapadaaen theen. anta mein, yeh unake aagrah parr thaa kii saipan key punah kabja karane aur baad mein, okinawa kii ladaai mein ack aakramak key liye yojanaon kaa masauda taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. senaa aur nausena key beach kadve jhagadon key kaaran, unhone sansadhanon key aavantan parr vivaadon koo sulajha liya. unhone sainya apraadhon kii yojana banaane mein madad kii.
1944 key sitambar mein, hirohito ney ghoshana kii kii paschimi logon key burey uddeshyon koo dhwast karna unake nagrikon kaa sankalp honah chaahiye taaki unakaa shaahi bhaagya jaari rahey, lekin sabhi samay, yeh kewal ack mukhauta haye kii japan kii tatkaal aavashyakta key liye ack jeet koo kharonch karna haye.
18 octuber, 1944 koo shaahi mukhyalaya ney sankalp liya thaa kii amerikiyon koo phillippeans mein utarane seey rokane key liye japaniyon koo leit key aspas ack stand banaana chaahiye. iss drishtikon koo vyaapak roop seey senaa aur nausena donon kshetron key neeti nirmaataon parr tiraskrit aur asantusht kiya gayaa thaa. hirohito koo uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa kii unhone iss tarah kii manjuri dee kyonki aggar way usa abhiyaan mein jeet jaate hain, tou unake paas antatah amerikiyon key saath baatchit karane key liye ack jagah hogi. jitna adhik unakaa utsaah jaa sakata thaa, japaniyon key liye vaastaviktaa kii jaanch bhee khel mein aaa jaayegi kyonki unhone joe senaayen leete mein bheji hain, way vyaavhaarik roop seey way theen joe kushalata seey luzon dweep kii raksha karengi, isaliye japaniyon ney apani sainya yojana mein ack badaa jhataka diyaa thaa.
media ney, sakht sarkari niyantran mein, baar-baar unhein lokpriya manobal badhaane key roop mein chitrit kiya, bhale hii japani shahar 1944-45 mein bhaari havaai hamale key tahat aae aur bhojan aur awas kii kamee badh gaee. japani peechhe hatane aur haar koo media dwara safalata key roop mein manaaya gayaa joe "nishchit jeet" koo darshaata haye."dheere-dheere japani logon key liye yeh spasht hoe gayaa kii bhojan, dawa aur eendhan kii badhati kamee key kaaran sthiti bahut gambhir thee.pandubbiyon ney japani shipping koo mitaa denaa shuru curr diyaa. 1944 key madhya mein, japan key pramukh shaharon parr americi chhaapon ney jeet kii antaheen kahaaniyon kaa majaak udaaya. usa varsh baad mein, tojo kii sarkaar key patan key saath, dou anya pradhaanmantriyon koo yuddh key prayaas koo jaari rakhane key liye niyukt kiya gayaa, kuniyaki koison aur cantaro suzuki-pratyek koo samrat kii aupchaarik manjuri key saath. donon asafal rahey aur japan aapada key karib thaa.
aatmasamarpan karein.
1945 kii shuruat mein, leyte kii ladaai mein nuksan key maddenajar, samrat hirohito ney yuddh kii pragati parr vichaar karane key liye varishth sarkari adhikaariyon key saath vyaktigat baithakon kii ack shrinkhala shuru kii. sabhi lekin poorv pradhaanmantri fumimaro cono ney yuddh jaari rakhane kii salah dee. cono koo yuddh mein haar seey bhee adhik saamyavaadi kranti kaa darr thaa aur unhone baatchit seey aatmasamarpan karane kaa aagrah kiya. farwari 1945 mein, samrat key saath pahali niji sabhaa key dauran unhein teen varshon mein anumati dee gaee thee, cono ney hirohito koo yuddh koo samaapt karane key liye baatchit shuru karane kii salah dee. grand chamberlain hisanori fujita key anusaar, samrat, abhee bhee ack majboot saudebaji kii sthiti pradaan karane key liye ack "tenogen" (ack mahaan jeet) kii talash mein, cono kii sifarish koo dridhata seey khariz curr diyaa.
pratyek beetate saptah key saath jeet kii sambhavana cumm hoe gaee. aprail mein, soviyat sangh ney notice jaari kiya kii vaha apane tatasthata samjhaute koo navinikrit naheen karega. japan kii sahayogi germany ney maee 1945 kii shuruat mein aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. juuna mein, mantrimandal ney yuddh ranneeti kaa punarmulyankan kiya, kewal antim vyakti seey ladaai parr pahale seey kaheen adhik dridhata seey nirnay lene key liye. iss ranneeti kii aadhikarik taur parr ack sankshipt shaahi parishad kii baithak mein pushti kii gaee thee, jisamen, jaisa kii samanya thaa, samrat ney baat naheen kii thee.
agale dinn, privy seal key swami keeper kochi kido ney ack masauda dastaavez taiyar kiya jisamen nirashajanak sainya sthiti kaa saransh diyaa gayaa aur ack baatchit key samjhaute kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa. japan mein charampanthi bhee "47 ronin" ghatana key model parr hatyaa-upman seey pahale saamoohik aatmahatya kaa ahwan curr rahey they. juuna 1945 key madhya taka, mantrimandal ney soviyat sangh seey baatchit key dwara aatmasamarpan key liye madhyasth key roop mein kaary karane key liye sahamati vyakt kii thee, lekin isase pahale kii japan kii saudebaji kii sthiti mein mukhya bhoomi japan key pratyaashit sahayogi aakraman key pratikaar seey sudhaar naheen huaa thaa.
22 juuna koo samrat ney apane mantriyon seey mulakat kii aur kahaa, "main chaahata huun kii yuddh koo samaapt karane kii thhos yojanaon kaa, maujooda neeti seey binaa kissy baadha key, teji seey adhyayan kiya jaae aur unhein lagu karane key prayaas kiye jaaen."soviyat sangh key madhyam seey shaanti vaarta karane kaa prayaas whiffle rhaa. hamesha yeh khatra thaa kii charampanthi takhtapalat karenge yaa anya hinsa koo badhaava denge. 26 julaai 1945 koo, sahyogiyon ney binaa shart aatmasamarpan kii maang karate hue potsdam ghoshana jaari kii. japani sarkaar kii parishad, bigg six ney usa vikalp parr vichaar kiya aur samrat koo sifarish kii kii ise kewal tabhi sweekaar kiya jaae jaba ack seey chaar sharton parr sahamati hoe, jisamen japani samaaj mein samrat kii nirantar sthiti kii guaranti bhee shamil hoe. samrat ney aatmasamarpan naheen karane kaa faisala kiya.
yeh hiroshima aur nagasaki key paramanu bumm visfoton aur soviyat yuddh kii ghoshana key baad badal gayaa. 9 agast koo, samrat hirohito ney kochi kido seey kahaah "soviyat sangh ney yuddh kii ghoshana curr dee haye aur aaj hamaare khilaf shatruta shuru hoe gaee haye."10 agast koo, mantrimandal ney samrat key sanketon key baad" "yuddh koo samaapt karane vaali shaahi punarlekhan" "kaa masauda taiyar kiya kii ghoshana ney kissy bhee aisee maang seey samjhauta naheen kiya joe ack samprabhu shaasak key roop mein unake visheshadhikaron koo prabhaavit karati thee.
12 agast 1945 koo samrat ney shaahi parivaar koo aatmasamarpan karane key apane faisale key baare mein soochit kiya. unake chaachaon mein seey ack, rajkumar yasuhiko asaka ney poochha kii kyaa yuddh jaari rahega yadi "kokutai" (rashtriya rajneeti) koo sanrakshit naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. samrat ney buss jawab diyaa "beshak."14 agast koo suzuki sarkaar ney sahyogiyon koo soochit kiya kii usane potsdam ghoshana koo sweekaar curr liya haye.
15 agast koo, samrat key aatmasamarpan bhaashan ("gyukoon-hoso", shaabdik roop seey "samrat kii aavaaz mein prasaarit") kii ack recording radio parr prasaarit kii gaee thee (pahali baar samrat koo japani logon dwara radio parr sunaa gayaa thaa) jisamen japan kii potsdam ghoshana kii sweekriti kii ghoshana kii gaee thee. aitihaasik prasaran key dauran samrat ney kahaah "isake alawa, dushman ney ack nae aur sabse kroor bumm kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa haye, jisaki shakti vaastav mein, akathaniya haye, jisase kaee nirdosh logon kii zaan jaa sakati haye. aggar humm ladanaa jaari rakhate hain, tou naa kewal iska parinam japani rashtra key antim patan aur unmoolan mein hoga, balki yeh maanav sabhyata key poorna vilupt honey kaa bhee kaaran banega."bhaashan mein yeh bhee kahaa gayaa kii" yuddh kii sthiti japan key laabh key liye vikasit naheen hui haye "aur japaniyon koo" asahaniya koo sahan karane "kaa adesh diyaa."aupchaarik, pracheen japani bhasha kaa upayog karate hue bhaashan koo kaee aam logon dwara aasaani seey naheen samajha gayaa thaa. itihaaskaar richard story key anusaar "aadhunik japan key itihas" mein, samrat aamtaur parr "kewal sushikshit logon key liye parichit bhasha key ack roop" aur adhik paaramparik samurai parivaaron key liye upayog karate they.
senaa kaa ack gutt aatmasamarpan kaa virodh curr rhaa thaa aur prasaran seey pahale 14 agast kii shaam koo takhtapalat kaa prayaas kiya. unhone shaahi mahal (kyujo ghatana) koo jabt curr liya, lekin samrat key bhaashan kii bhautik recording koo ratonrat chhipa curr rakhaa gayaa thaa. takhtapalat whiffle hoe gayaa aur agali subah bhaashan prasaarit kiya gayaa.
1975 mein tokyo mein diye gaye apane pahale press sammelan mein, jaba unase poochha gayaa kii vaha hiroshima parr bambari key baare mein kyaa sochate hain, tou samrat ney jawab diyaah "yeh bahut khedjanak haye kii paramanu bumm giraaye gaye they aur mujhe hiroshima key nagrikon key liye khed haye lekin yeh madad naheen kii jaa sakee kyonki yeh yuddh key samay mein huaa thaa" ("shikaata gaa naee", jiska arth haye "isaki madad naheen kii jaa sakati").
agast 1945 mein japani aatmasamarpan key baad, donon sahayogi deshon aur japani vampanthiyon seey badee matra mein dabaav aaya, jinhone samrat koo pada chhodane aur yuddh aparaadhi key roop mein aaropit karane kii maang kii. australiyai sarkaar ney hirohito koo ack yuddh aparaadhi key roop mein soochibaddh kiya, aur usey mukadame mein daalane kaa irada rakhaa. general dugglus mccarther koo yeh vichaar pasand naheen aaya, kyonki unhone socha kii ack spasht roop seey sahyog karane vaalaa samrat japan mein ack shantipurna sahayogi kabje shasson sthaapit karane mein madad karega. parinamswarup, samrat aur unake parivaar koo doshi thaharaane vaale kissy bhee sambhaavit sakshya koo sudur poorv key liye antarrashtriya sainya nyayadhikaran seey baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa. mccarther ney ack aisee yojana banaai joe samrat koo sainyavaadiyon seey alag karati thee, samrat koo ack samvaidhaanik samrat key roop mein banaae rakhti thee, lekin kewal ack pramukh key roop mein, aur samrat kaa upayog japan parr niyantran banaae rakhane aur japan mein americi yuddh key baad key uddeshyon koo praapt karane mein madad karane key liye karati thee.
japani yuddh apraadhon key liye jawabdehi.
samrat hirohito kii yuddh kii jimmedaari kaa mudda vivaadit haye. yuddh key dauran, sahyogiyon ney aksar hirohito koo teen aksh tanashahon key roop mein hitler aur musolini key saath barabari karane key liye chitrit kiya. yuddh key baad seey, yuu.aiss. socha kii samrat key pratidhaaran seey japan mein ack shantipurna sahayogi kabje shasson sthaapit karane mein madad milegi, aur yuu. aiss. kii madad hogi.aiss. yuddh key baad key apane uddeshyon koo praapt karane key liye, unhone yuddhakaaleen neetiyon mein binaa kissy nihitarth key hirohito koo ack "shaktiheen vyaktitva" key roop mein chitrit kiya. yeh 1989 mein unaki mrityu taka yuddh key baad kii pramukh kathaa thee. hirohito kii mrityu key baad, itihaskaron ney tark diyaa kii hirohito pahale kii tulanaa mein adhik shakti kaa upayog kartaa thaa, aur vaha yuddh shuru karane key nirnay key saath-saath anya raajneetik aur sainya nirnayon mein sakriya roop seey shamil thaa. varshon seey, jaise hii nae saboot saamane aae, itihaaskaar iss nishkarsh parr pahunchane mein saksham they kii vaha yuddh key liye doshi thaa, aur apani yuddhakaaleen bhoomika parr vichaar curr rhaa thaa. kuchh sakshya bataate hain kii hirohito kii kuchh bhagidari thee, lekin unaki shakti cabinet sadasyon, mantriyon aur sainya alpajantra key anya logon dwara seemit thee.
yuddhakaal key dosh key liye sakshya.
itihaskaron kaa kahana haye kii dusare cheeni-japani yuddh aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein shaahi balon dwara kiye gaye atyacharon key liye hirohito seedhe taur parr jimmedaar thaa. unakaa tark haye kii vaha aur shaahi parivaar key kuchh sadasya, jaise kii unake bhaai rajkumar chichibu, unake chachere bhaai rajkumar takeda aur fushimi, aur unake chaacha rajkumar kaana 'inn, asaka aur higashikuni, parr yuddh apraadhon key liye mukadama chalaaya jaanaa chaahiye thaa. 1996 mein prakaashit ack adhyayan mein, itihaaskaar mitsuyoshi himeta kaa daavaa haye kii chean mein apnai gaee aur khud samrat hirohito dwara sweekrit teen sabhi neeti ("saanko sakusen"), pratyaksh aur apratyaksh roop seey "27 laakh seey adhik" cheeni nagrikon kii mauton key liye jimmedaar thee. operation key vivaran key baare mein unake karyon aur akira fujiwara key karyon parr herbert pee. ney tippani kii thee. apane "hirohito aind dha making off modern japan" mein bicks, jinhone likhaa kii "saanko sakusen" ney naa kewal sankhya key mamle mein, balki krurta key saath-saath "inn sainya abhiyaanon ney maut aur peedaa koo ack paimaane parr atulaniya roop seey adhik curr diyaa, joe kii poori tarah seey gair-niyojit hatyaa kii or seey thaa, joe baad mein yuddh kaa prateek bunn gayaa. jabaki nanking narsamhar aniyojit thaa, bicks ney kahaa kii "hirohito chean mein vinash abhiyaanon key baare mein jaanata thaa aur unhein manjuri dee jisamen gurillaon koo sharan dene key liye soche jaane vaale gaanvon koo jalaana shamil thaa."
yuddh apraadhon key liye hirohito kii jimmedaari parr bahas iss baat seey sambandhit haye kii dou yuddhon key dauran japani senaa parr samrat kaa kitna vaastavik niyantran thaa. aadhikarik taur parr, samrat meeji key tahat apanaae gaye shaahi samvidhaan ney samrat koo poori shakti dee. anuchhed 4 ney nirdhaarit kiya kii, "samrat samrajya kaa pramukh haye, joe apane aap mein samprabhuta key adhikaaron koo jodata haye, aur vartamaan samvidhaan key praavdhaanon key anusaar unakaa prayog kartaa haye."isi tarah, anuchhed 6 key anusaar," samrat kaanoonon koo manjuri detaa haye aur unhein ghoshit karane aur nishpaadit karane kaa adesh detaa haye ", aur anuchhed 11," samrat key paas senaa aur nausena kii sarvocch kamaan haye."iss prakaar samrat shaahi samanya mukhyalaya kaa netaa thaa.
fosgine jaise jaharile gais hathiyaron kaa utpaadan ikai 731 dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur swayam hirohito dwara diye gaye vishisht aadeshon dwara adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa, joe senaa key pramukh dwara preshit kiya gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, hirohito ney agast seey octuber 1938 taka wuhan kii ladaai key dauran 375 baar jaharili gais key upayog koo adhikrit kiya.
herbert bicks, akira fujiwara, peater wetzler aur akira yamada jaise itihaskaron kaa kahana haye kii yuddh key baad kii daleelen iss vichaar kaa samarthan karati hain kii hirohito kewal ack pramukh vyakti thaa, joe kaee "chrysanthemum parde key peechhe" baithakon key mahatva koo nazarandaj kartaa haye, jahaan samrat, unake karmchaariyon key pramukhon aur mantrimandal key beach vaastavik nirnay liye gaye they. praathamik sroton aur ack aadhar key roop mein shiro haaraa key smaarak kaary kaa upayog karate hue, fujiwara aur wetzler ney saboot prastut kiye hain kii samrat ney senaa parr bahut adhik niyantran rakhane key liye bichauliyon key madhyam seey kaam kiya thaa aur naa tou yuddharat thaa aur naa hii ack shantivadi, balki ack avasarvaadi thaa joe bahulvaadi nirnay lene kii prakriya mein shasson kartaa thaa. americi itihaaskaar herbert pee. bicks kaa kahana haye kii samrat hirohito shova yug key dauran japan kii adhikansh sainya aakraamakta key peechhe pramukh prerak hoe sakate hain. 
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key turant baad shaahi mahal aur americi kabje vaali senaaon dwara prachaarit drishtikon ney samrat hirohito koo vishuddh roop seey ack aupchaarik vyakti key roop mein chitrit kiya, joe nirnay lene kii prakriyaon seey doori banaae rakhate hue protocol key anusaar sakhti seey vyavhaar kartaa thaa. iss vichaar kaa samarthan pradhaanmantri noboro takshita ney hirohito kii mrityu key dinn ack bhaashan mein kiya thaa jisamen takshita ney kahaa thaa kii yuddh "[hirohito kii] ichchhaon key khilaf hoe gayaa thaa."takshita key bayaan ney purvi asia key rashtron aur sanyukt raajya, kanada, australia aur newzealand jaise rashtramandal deshon mein akrosh koo uksaayaa. itihaaskaar fujiwara key anusaar, "yeh siddhant kii samrat, jimmedaari key ack anga key roop mein, cabinet key nirnay koo ulat naheen sakata thaa, yuddh key baad gadhaa gayaa ack mithak haye."
yinan key anusaar, lehai vishvavidyalaya mein antarrashtriya sambandhon key sahayogi professor, yuddh key baad, roodhivaadi japani abhijaat varg ney aatm-safai, aatm-mahimamandan rashtriya mithakon kaa nirmaan kiya, joe japan kii yuddh kii jimmedaari key dayare koo cumm curr detaa thaa, jisamen samrat koo ack shaanti-chahane vaale rajanyik key roop mein prastut karna aur ack aisee kathaa shamil thee joe unhein sainyavaadiyon seey alag karati thee, jinhen unhone japani sarkaar kaa apaharan karane vaale logon key roop mein varnit kiya aur desh koo yuddh mein leey jaane vaale logon key roop mein varnit kiya, joe sattaaroodh varg seey kewal kuchh sainya netaaon kii jimmedaari koo sthanantarit karate they. yeh kathaa bhee yuu parr kendrit haye.aiss.- japan sangharsh, asia mein japan dwara kiye gaye yuddhon koo poori tarah seey nazarandaj kartaa haye, aur yuddh key dauran japani sainikon dwara kiye gaye atyacharon kii upeksha kartaa haye. japani abhijaat varg ney rashtriya chhavi koo dhumil karane seey bachane aur desh kii antarrashtriya sweekriti koo phir seey hassil karane key prayaas mein kathaa banaai.
 tark dete hain kii yuddh key baad samrat key sanrakshan kaa samarthan karane vaali japani janmat yuu seey prabhaavit thee.aiss. iss drishtikon koo badhaava dene vaalaa prachaar kii samrat koo japani logon key saath milkar senaa dwara moorkh banaaya gayaa thaa.
hirohito kii mrityu key turant baad key varshon mein, samrat key khilaf bolane vaale vidvaanon koo dakshinpanthi charampanthiyon dwara dhamki dee gaee aur una parr hamla kiya gayaa. susan chiraa ney bataaya, "divangat samrat key khilaf bolane vaale vidvaanon koo japan key charampanthi dakshinpanthi seey dhamki bharey phone coll mille hain."vaastavik hinsa kaa ack udaaharan 1990 mein huaa jaba nagasaki key mahapour, hitoshi motoshima koo atirashtriyavadi samooh, seikizuku key ack sadasya dwara goli maar dee gaee aur gambhir roop seey ghayal curr diyaa gayaa. ack saal pahale, 1989 mein, motoshima ney samrat hirohito dwara dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii jimmedaari lene parr jore dekar "[japan key] sabse samvedansheel varjanaon mein seey ack" key roop mein varnit koo toda diyaa thaa.
sudur poorv key antarrashtriya sainya nyayadhikaran key samaksh mukadame seey hirohito kii chhoot key sambandh mein, raay sarvasammat naheen thee. nyayadhikaran key adhyaksh surr villium web ney ghoshana keeh "samrat kii yeh pratiraksha prashant mein yuddh shuru karane mein unaki bhoomika key vipareet haye, mujhe lagata haye, ack aisaa mamla haye jise nyayadhikaran koo sajaaen lagu karane mein vichaar karna chaahiye."isi tarah, francisi nyayadhish, heinry bernard ney hirohito kii jawabdehi key baare mein likhaa kii japan dwara yuddh kii ghoshana kaa ack pramukh lekhak thaa joe sabhi abhiyojan seey butch gayaa thaa aur jisake kissy bhee mamle mein vartamaan prativaadiyon koo kewal saathi maanaa jaa sakata thaa."
1941 mein upa-aantarik mantri, michio yuzawa key ack khaate mein daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii hirohito motee bandargah parr hamale key saath "sahaj" thaa "ack baar jaba usane nirnay liya thaa."
japan mein, samrat key jeevit rahane key dauran usaki jimmedaari parr bahas varjit thee. haalaanki, unaki mrityu key baad, unaki bhagidari kii seema aur iss prakaar unaki doshasiddhi parr bahas shuru hoe gaee. 1989 mein unaki mrityu key baad seey, itihaskaron ney aise sabooton kii khoj kii haye joe yuddh key liye hirohito kii doshasiddhi koo saabit karate hain, aur yeh kii vaha ack nishkriya vyakti naheen thaa jise usake aspas key logon dwara herfer kiya gayaa thaa.
1952 mein michiji tajima key nott.
yuddh key baad padbhar sambhaalane vaale ack sheersh shaahi gharelu agency adhikaari michiji tajima kii notebook key anusaar, samrat hirohito ney niji taur parr nanjing narsamhar key dauran japani sainikon dwara kiye gaye atyacharon key baare mein khed vyakt kiya. yuddh mein apani bhoomika key baare mein paschaataap mahsoos karane key alawa, vaha senaa key kattarpanthi tatvon koo yuddh key sanchaalan koo chalaane kii anumati dekar whiffle hoe gaye."
motee bandargah parr chhaape mein hirohito kii bhoomika parr upa-aantarik mantri yuzawa kaa vivaran.
julaai 2018 key anta mein, pustak vikreta teko hataano, joe michio yujawa (1941 mein japani upa-aantarik mantri) key vanshajon key parichit they, ney japan key "yomiri shimbun" samachar patra koo yujawa dwara ack gyaapan jaari kiya jise hataano ney yujawa key parivaar seey praapt karane key baad seey nau saal taka rakhaa thaa. pustak vikreta ney kahaah "mujhe aage aaney mein nau saal lugg gaye, kyonki mujhe ack pratikriya kaa darr thaa. lekin abb mujhe ummeed haye kii gyaapan seey hamein yeh pataa lagaane mein madad milegi kii yuddh key dauran vaastav mein kyaa huaa thaa, jisamen 3.1 laakh loga maare gaye they."
nihon vishvavidyalaya key yuddhakaaleen itihas key visheshagya takahisa furukawa ney gyaapan kii pramanikta kii pushti karate hue ise "motee bandargah parr japani hamale kii poorv sandhya parr samrat hirohito aur pradhaan mantri hikey tojo kii soch parr pahala nazar" kahaa."
iss dastaavez mein, yuzawa hamale seey kuchh ghante pahale tojo key saath hui baatchit kaa vivaran detaa haye. upa mantri ney tojo koo uddhrit karate hue kahaah
itihaaskaar furukawa ney yuzawa key gyaapan seey nishkarsh nikaalah
shinobu kobyashi kii diarry.
shinobu kobyashi aprail 1974 seey juuna 2000 taka samrat key kakshpal they. kobyashi ney 26 varshon taka hirohito kii lagbhag dainik tippaniyon key saath ack diarry rakhee. nihon vishvavidyalaya mein aadhunik japani itihas key professor takahisa furukawa key anusaar, diarry seey pataa chalata haye kii samrat ney "lambe samay taka yuddh kii jimmedaari gambhirta seey lii, aur jaise-jaise vaha badaa huaa, vaha bhavna majboot hui."
dartmouth college mein sarkaar key sahayogi professor aur japani yuddh smriti key visheshagya jennifer lind ney kahaah
27 maee 1980 kii ack pravishti mein kahaa gayaa thaa kii samrat cheeni-japani yuddh key baare mein poorv cheeni pradhaan mantri huaa guofeng key saamane apana khed vyakt karna chaahte they, joe usa samay aae they, lekin door key dakshinpanthi samoohon seey pratikriya key darr seey shaahi gharelu agency key varishth sadasyon ney unhein roque diyaa thaa.
7 aprail 1987 kii ack pravishti mein kahaa gayaa thaa kii samrat apani yuddhakaaleen jimmedaari kii charchaon seey pareshan they aur isake parinamswarup, jeene kii apani ichcha khou rahey they.
saburo hayakutke kii diarry mein yuddh key liye hirohito kii taiyari kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye.
sitambar 2021 mein, saburo hayakuteke (1936 seey 1944 taka samrat hirohito key grand chamberlain) dwara 25 diarry, pockett notebook aur memo unake rishtedaron dwara kaanoon aur rajneeti key liye tokyo vishvavidyalaya key snaatak schools key pustakalaya mein jamaa kiye gaye.
hayakutke kii diarry mein hirohito key kuchh mantriyon aur salaahkaaron koo uddhrit kiya gayaa haye kii way chintit they kii samrat yuddh kii taiyari key mamle mein unase aage badh rhaa thaa.
iss prakaar, hayakutke shaahi grih mantri tsuneo matsudaira koo uddhrit karate hue kahate hainh
isi tarah, privy seal key swami keeper, koichi kido koo yeh kahate hue uddhrit kiya gayaa haih
yuddh seey pahale aur yuddh key dauran hirohito key karyon kaa adhyayan karane vaale shigakukan vishvavidyalaya key saath aadhunik japani itihas key professor seichi chadani ney hayakutke kii diarry kii khoj parr kahaah
aise dastavej joe yuddh key samay kii seemit jimmedaari kaa sujhaav dete hain.
janwari 1989 mein prakaashit british sarkaar key hirohito key aaklan mein unhein "ghatnaaon key pathyakram koo badalane key liye bahut kamjor" bataaya gayaa haye aur hirohito "shaktiheen" thaa aur hitler key saath tulanaa "hasyaspad roop seey vyaapak haye."hirohito kii shakti mantriyon aur senaa dwara seemit thee aur aggar vaha apane vichaaron koo bahut adhik vyakt kartaa tou usey shaahi parivaar key ack anya sadasya dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaataa.
bhaaratiya nyaayvid radhabinod paal ney antarrashtriya sainya nyayadhikaran kaa virodh kiya aur 1,235 prishthon kaa faisala diyaa. unhone paaya kii poore abhiyojan paksh kaa mamla vijayi rashtron key krurta aur adheenata key saath aakramak yuddh key kritya koo anjam dene kii sajish key sambandh mein kamjor thaa. paal ney kahaa kii "koee saboot, gawahi yaa paristhitijanya, sahavarti, sambhaavit, sandehpurna naheen haye, joe kissy bhee tarah seey iss nishkarsh parr leey jaayega kii sarkaar ney kissy bhee tarah seey aise apraadhon koo karane kii anumati dee haye. unhone kahaa kii 1937 mein yaa usake baad seey kissy bhee samay aakramak yuddh chhedane kii sajish avaidh naheen thee. mitra ney sabhi prativaadiyon koo burry karane kaa samarthan kiya. unhone japani sainya abhiyaanon koo uchit maanaa, kyonki chiang kaaee-shake ney paschimi shaktiyon dwara vyaapaar abhiyaanon key bahishkaar kaa samarthan kiya, vishesh roop seey sanyukt raajya america dwara japan koo tail niryaat key bahishkaar kaa. paal ney tark diyaa kii padosi kshetron parr hamale japani samrajya koo ack aakramak vatavaran, vishesh roop seey soviyat sangh seey bachaane key liye uchit they. unhone ise aatmaraksha abhiyaan maanaa joe aaparaadhik naheen hain. paal ney kahaa kii "asli aparaadhi hamaare saamane naheen hain" aur nishkarsh nikala kii "kewal ack khoya huaa yuddh ack antarrashtriya aparaadh haye.
hirohito kaa british sarkaar kaa mulyankan.
janwari 1989 mein hirohito key british sarkaar key avyakhyayit mulyankan mein kahaa gayaa kii samrat 1930 aur 1940 key dashak mein japan key yuddh kii or badhane seey asahaj they, lekin ghatnaaon key pathyakram koo badalane key liye bahut kamjor they."japan mein united kingdam key poorv rajdoot johnn whitehead dwara videsh sachiv geophrey howay koo bheje gaye sandesh koo guruwar 20 julaai 2017 koo landan mein rashtriya abhilekhagar mein saarvajanik kiya gayaa thaa. yeh patra hirohito kii mrityu key turant baad likhaa gayaa thaa.
japan mein britten key rajdoot johnn whitehead ney 1989 mein kahaah
whitehead ney nishkarsh nikala kii antatah hirohito "shaktiheen" thaa aur hitler key saath tulanaa "hasyaspad roop seey vyaapak haye."aggar hirohito ney apane vichaaron key saath bahut adhik aagrah kiya hotaa tou unhein alag-thalag curr diyaa jaataa yaa shaahi parivaar key adhik naram sadasya key saath pratisthaapit kiya jaataa. yuddh-poorv meji samvidhaan ney samrat koo "pavitra" aur sarvashaktimaan key roop mein paribhaashit kiya, lekin safed sir key anusaar, hirohito kii shakti mantriyon aur senaa dwara seemit thee. whitehead ney dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad samajhaaya kii hirohito kii vinamrata japani logon key liye 1947 key nae samvidhaan aur sambaddh vyavasaay koo sweekaar karane key liye maulik thee.
yuddh key baad kaa shasson.
jaise hii samrat ney apane chaacha rajkumar higashikuni koo americi kabje mein sahaayata key liye pradhaanmantri key roop mein chunaa, kaee netaaon dwara kathit yuddh apraadhon key liye una parr mukadama chalaane key prayaas kiye gaye. shaahi parivaar key kaee sadasyon, jaise rajkumar chichibu, takamatsu aur higashikuni ney samrat parr tyag karane key liye dabaav daala taaki rajkumaron mein seey ack rajkumar taaj rajkumar akihito key umr badhane taka rajpratinidhi key roop mein kaam curr sakey. 27 farwari 1946 koo, samrat key sabse chhote bhaai, rajkumar mikasa, yahaan taka kii privy council mein khade hoe gaye aur apratyaksh roop seey samrat seey pada chhodane aur japan kii haar kii jimmedaari sweekaar karane kaa aagrah kiya. kalyan mantri ashida kii diarry key anusaar, "harr koee mikasa key shabdon parr vichaar curr rhaa thaa. maine kabhi unake mahimavan chehare koo itna peela naheen dekhaa."
yuu.aiss. general dugglus mccarther ney jore dekar kahaa kii samrat hirohito simhaasan parr baney rahein. mccarther ney samrat koo japani logon kii nirantarta aur samanjasya key prateek key roop mein dekhaa. kuchh itihaaskaar samrat aur yuddh mein shamil shaahi parivaar key sabhi sadasyon, jaise rajkumar chichibu, rajkumar asaka, rajkumar higashikuni aur rajkumar hiroyasu fushimi koo aaparaadhik abhiyojan seey burry karane key nirnay kii aalochana karate hain.
yuddh aparaadh parikshanon key vaastav mein bulaaye jaane seey pahale, sahayogi shaktiyon key sarvocch commander, isake antarrashtriya abhiyojan khand (aaee. pee. aiss.) aur japani adhikaariyon ney naa kewal shaahi parivaar koo doshi thaharaae jaane seey rokane key liye, balki prativaadiyon kii gawahi koo prabhaavit karane key liye bhee parde key peechhe kaam kiya taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii koee bhee samrat koo fansaane mein shamil naa hoe. adalat key halakon mein uchch adhikaariyon aur japani sarkaar ney sambhaavit yuddh apraadhiyon kii soochiyon koo sankalit karane mein sahayogi samanya mukhyalaya key saath sahyog kiya, jabaki vyaktiyon koo "ack varg" sandigdhon key roop mein giraftar kiya gayaa aur kaid mein rakhaa gayaa, jinhone yuddh kii jimmedaari key kissy bhee sambhaavit daag seey apane samprabhu kii raksha karane kii gambhir roop seey kasam khaai. iss prakaar, "tokyo nyayadhikaran shuru honey seey maheenon pahale, mccarther key sarvocch adheenasth" pramukh aaparaadhik sandigdhon koo apani kahaaniyon kaa samanvaya karane kii anumati dekar motee bandargah key liye antim jimmedaari koo chhipaane key liye kaam curr rahey they taaki samrat koo abhiyog seey bachaaya jaa sakey."johnn doubleu key anusaar. lekin, "samrat koo yuddh kii jimmedaari seey mukt karane key liye yeh safal abhiyaan koee seema naheen jaanata thaa. hirohito koo kewal kissy bhee aupchaarik kritya key nirdosh honey key roop mein prastut naheen kiya gayaa thaa joe usey ack yuddh aparaadhi key roop mein abhiyog key liye doshi thahara sakata haye, vaha lagbhag ack sant vyakti mein badal gayaa thaa joe yuddh key liye naitik jimmedaari bhee naheen letaa thaa."bicks key anusaar," yuddh aparaadhi key roop mein hirohito koo mukadame seey bachaane key liye mccarther key vaastav mein asadharan upaayon kaa khoye hue yuddh kii japani samajh parr sthaayi aur gahara vikrit prabhaav padaa."
shaahi sthiti.
hirohito parr mukadama naheen chalaaya gayaa thaa, lekin unhein spasht roop seey ardh-aadhikarik daave koo aswikar karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa kii japan kaa samrat ack "arhitogami" thaa.ee., ack avtaar devta. yeh iss tathya seey prerit thaa kii, 1889 key japani samvidhaan key anusaar, samrat key paas apane desh parr ack divya shakti thee joe iss shintu vishvaas seey praapt hui thee kii japani shaahi parivaar soorya devi amaterasu key vanshaj they. hirohito halanki iss vichaar parr adig they kii japan key samrat koo devtaon kaa vanshaj maanaa jaanaa chaahiye. disambar 1945 mein, unhone apane upa-upa-kaksh-sadasya michio kinoshita seey kahaah "yeh kahana sweekarya haye kii japani devtaon key vanshaj hain, yeh ack jhoothi avadharana haye; lekin iss vichaar koo chimerical kahana bilkul asweekarya haye kii samrat devtaon kaa vanshaj haye."kissy bhee mamle mein," "devatva kaa tyag" "japaniyon kii tulanaa mein videshiyon dwara adhik nott kiya gayaa thaa, aur aisaa lagata haye kii poorv key upbhog key liye kiya gayaa thaa. samvaidhaanik rajshahi key siddhant key japan mein pahale seey hii kuchh samarthak they. 1935 mein, jaba tatsukichi minobe ney iss siddhant kii vakaalat kii kii samprabhuta raajya mein rahati haye, jisamen samrat sirf ack anga ("tenno kikan setsu") haye, tou yeh ack rosh kaa kaaran banaa. unhein tokyo shaahi vishvavidyalaya mein apane sathiyon key ghar aur apane pada seey istifa dene key liye majboor kiya gayaa, unaki pustakon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa aur unake jeevan parr ack prayaas kiya gayaa. 1946 taka samrat key khitaab koo "shaahi samprabhu" seey "samvaidhaanik samrat" mein badalane key liye jabardast kadam naheen uthaaya gayaa thaa."
haalaanki samrat ney devatva key daavon koo aswikar curr diyaa thaa, lekin unaki saarvajanik sthiti koo jaanboojhkar aspasht chhod diyaa gayaa thaa, aanshik roop seey kyonki general mccarther ney socha thaa kii way japaniyon koo vyavasaay koo sweekaar karane key liye ack upayogi bhagidar honey kii sambhavana rakhate hain aur aanshik roop seey europeeya shally key samrat key roop mein unhein cast karane key prayason koo whiffle karane key liye shigeru yoshida dwara parde key peechhe kii chaal key kaaran.
phir bhee, ack seemit samvaidhaanik samrat key roop mein hirohito kii sthiti koo 1947 key samvidhaan key adhiniyaman key saath aupchaarik roop diyaa gayaa thaa-aadhikarik roop seey, meji samvidhaan mein ack sanshodhan. isane samrat koo "raajya key prateek aur logon kii ekataa" key roop mein paribhaashit kiya aur sarkari mamalon mein usey nammatra kii shakti seey bhee vanchit curr diyaa. unaki bhoomika samvidhaan mein varnit raajya key mamalon taka seemit thee, aur adhikansh mamalon mein usa kshetra mein unake karyon koo mantrimandal key badhyakari nirdeshon key anusaar kiya gayaa thaa.
irani kranti aur alpakaalik kendriya african samrajya key anta key baad, donon 1979 mein, hirohito ney khud koo sarvocch shaahi upaadhi "samrat" key kissy bhee badalaav koo sahan karane vaale duniya key antim samrat paaya."
saarvajanik vyakti.
apane shesh jeevan key liye, hirohito japani jeevan mein ack sakriya vyakti they aur unhone aam taur parr raajya key samvaidhaanik pramukh key saath judey kaee kartavyon kaa paalan kiya. unhone aur unake parivaar ney ack majboot saarvajanik upasthiti banaae rakhee, aksar saarvajanik sair karate hue aur vishesh karyakramon aur samarohon mein saarvajanik roop seey dikhaai dete they. udaaharan key liye, 1947 mein, samrat ney hiroshima kii saarvajanik yatra kii aur shahar key nagrikon koo protsaahit karane vaali bhaari bheed key saamane ack bhaashan diyaa. unhone japan kii rajanyik chhavi key punarnirmaan mein bhee mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, raani elizabeth dwiteeya (1971) aur rashtrapati gerald ford (1975) sahit kaee videshi netaaon seey milane key liye videsh kii yatra kii. way naa kewal japan seey aage yatra karane vaale pahale shaasak samrat they, balki sanyukt raajya america key rashtrapati seey milane vaale pahale samrat bhee they. sanyukt raajya america mein unaki sthiti aur chhavi dridhata seey sakaratmak hoe gaee.
europe kii yatra karein.
1971 mein (shova 46), samrat ney 27 sitambar seey 14 octuber taka 17 dinon key liye sanyukt raajya, neetherland aur switzerland sahit saat europeeya deshon kaa daura kiya. iss mamle mein, japan airlines key ack vishesh vimaan dugglus dc-8 kaa upayog jahaaj dwara pichhali yatra key vipareet kiya gayaa thaa. halanki ack yatra key roop mein naheen ginaa gayaa, usa samay, samrat ney lunger key madhyam seey rukane key liye alaska mein rook gaye, aur washington, dee. see. seey sanyukt raajya america key rashtrapati richard nixon seey elmendorff vayu senaa adde parr alaska jilaa senaa kamaan ghar mein mulakat kii.
samrat shova aur rashtrapati nixon key beach baatchit kii shuruat mein yojana naheen banaai gaee thee, kyonki shuru mein sanyukt raajya america mein thaharaav kewal europe kii yatra key liye eendhan bharane key liye thaa. haalaanki, sanyukt raajya america key anurodh parr baithak kaa nirnay jaldbaji mein liya gayaa thaa. halanki japani paksh ney anurodh koo sweekaar curr liya, videsh mamalon key mantri teko fukuda ney sanyukt raajya america mein japani rajdoot nobuhiko ushiba koo ack saarvajanik telephone coll kiya, jinhone vaarta koo badhaava dete hue kahaa, "yeh mujhe bahut pareshani kaa kaaran banega. humm dusare paksh kii dhaaranaon koo sahee karna chaahte hain."usa samay, videsh mantri fukuda koo chinta thee kii samrat key saath rashtrapati nixon kii baatchit kaa upayog bigadate japan-yuu koo thheek karane key liye kiya jaayega.aiss. sambandh, aur vaha chintit thaa kii prateekaatmak samrat pranali kaa aadhar utaar-chadhaav curr sakata haye.
denmark aur belgium mein gahare shaahi adaan-pradaan key saath ack praarambhik yatra thee, aur france mein unakaa garmajoshi seey swaagat kiya gayaa thaa. france mein, hirohito ney edward VIII key saath phir seey mulakat kii, jinhone 1936 mein tyag curr diyaa thaa aur vastutah nirvaasan mein they, aur unhone kuchh samay key liye baatchit kii. haalaanki, britten aur neetherland mein dakshin-poorv asiai rangmanch mein seva karane vaale diggajon aur vahaan kroor kabje key nagrik peediton dwara virodh pradarshan kiye gaye they. neetherland mein kachche andey aur vacuum flask fenke gaye they. virodh itna gambhir thaa kii samrat key saath aaee maharani kojun thuck gaee thee. united kingdam mein, pradarshankari chup khade they aur samrat kii gaadi key gujarane parr apani peeth fair lii, jabaki anya logon ney mritakon key prateek key roop mein laal dastaane pahane they. vyangya patrika "niji aankh" ney samrat kii yatra ("havaa mein kharaab nip") koo sandarbhit karane key liye ack naslavaadi dohare pravesh kaa upayog kiya. paschim germany mein, japani samrat kii yatra koo shatrutapurna door-vaam virodh pradarshanon kaa saamana karna padaa, jisamen pratibhagiyon ney hirohito koo adolph hitler key poorv asiai samkaksh key roop mein dekhaa aur usey "herohiller" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya, aur aksh yuddh apraadhon kii smriti aur dhaarana kii ack vyaapak tulanaatmak charcha koo prerit kiya. hirohito kii yatra key khilaf virodh pradarshanon ney bhee ninda kii aur iss baat parr prakaash daala kii way viyatnam mein saamyvaad key khilaf americi yuddh key prayaas mein aapsi japani aur paschim german milibhugat koo saksham karate hain.
inn virodh aur virodh key sambandh mein, samrat shova koo japan lautane key baad 12 navambar koo ack press conference mein pahale seey ack report milane parr ashcharya naheen huaa aur kahaa kii mujhe naheen lagata kii pratyek desh seey swaagat koo nazarandaj kiya jaa sakata haye. teen saal baad maharani key saath unaki swarn vivaah varshgaanth key baad ack press conference mein unhone europe kii iss yatra kaa ullekh 50 varshon mein apani sabse sukhad smriti key roop mein kiya.
sanyukt raajya america kii yatra.
1975 mein, samrat ney rashtrapati gerald ford key nimantran parr 30 sitambar seey 14 octuber taka 14 dinon key liye sanyukt raajya kaa daura kiya. yeh yatra america-japan key itihas mein iss tarah kii pahali ghatana thee. sanyukt raajya kii senaa, nausena aur vayu senaa key saath-saath samudri core aur tata rakshak ney raajya kii yatra koo sammaanit kiya. yatra seey pahale aur baad mein, japan mein aatankvaadi hamalon kii ack shrinkhala poorv asia virodhi japan sashastr morche jaise americi virodhi vampanthi sangathanon key kaaran hui thee.
30 sitambar 1975 koo williamsburg pahunchane key baad, samrat shova dou saptah taka sanyukt raajya america mein rahey. rashtrapati ford key saath aadhikarik baithak 2 octuber koo hui. 3 octuber koo samrat ney arlington rashtriya kabristan kaa daura kiya. 6 octuber koo samrat hirohito aur maharani nagako ney uparaashtrapati aur shrimati seey mulakat kii. rockfeller westchester county, newyork mein apane ghar parr. 
white house state dinner mein ack bhaashan mein, hirohito ney padhaa, "yuddh key baad japan key punarnirmaan mein madad karane key liye sanyukt raajya america koo dhanyavaad."loss angils mein apane pravaas key dauran, unhone disneyland kaa daura kiya, aur miki mouse key buggle mein ack muskurati hui tasveer ney samachar patron koo sajaaya, aur ack miki mouse ghadee kii khareed key baare mein baat hui. japan lautane key dinn dou prakaar key smaarak daak tikat aur daak tikat jaari kiye gaye they, joe darshaata haye kii yeh yatra ack mahatvapurna upakram thaa. yeh samrat shova kii sanyukt raajya america kii antim yatra thee. samrat aur maharani dwara unaki yatra seey pahale aur baad mein aayojit aadhikarik press sammelan ney bhee ack safalata koo chihnit kiya.
samudri jeev vigyaan.
samrat koo samudri jeev vigyaan mein gahari ruchi thee aur shaahi mahal mein ack prayogshala thee jisase samrat ney apane vyaktigat naam "hirohito" key tahat kshetra mein kaee shodh patra prakaashit kiye. unake yogdan mein vigyaan mein naee hydrozoa kii kaee darjan prajaatiyon kaa vivaran shamil thaa.
yasukuni mandir.
samrat ney yashukuni mandir kaa aadhikarik bahishkaar kiya, jaba yeh pataa chalaa kii yuddh key baad isake punar samarpan key baad ack varg key yuddh apraadhiyon koo gupt roop seey sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh bahishkaar 1978 seey unaki mrityu taka chalaa aur unake uttaradhikariyon, akihito aur naruhito dwara jaari rakhaa gayaa.
20 julaai 2006 koo, "nihon keezaai shimbun" ney ack gyaapan kii khoj key baare mein ack pahale prishth kaa lekh prakaashit kiya, jisamen iss kaaran kaa vivaran diyaa gayaa thaa kii samrat ney yasukuni seey milna bund curr diyaa thaa. shaahi gharelu agency key poorv pramukh tomohico tomita dwara rakhaa gayaa gyaapan pahali baar pushti kartaa haye kii yasukuni mein 14 varg key yuddh apraadhiyon kaa pratishthaapan bahishkaar kaa kaaran thaa. tomita ney samrat key saath apani baatchit kii samagri koo apani diarry aur notebook mein vistaar seey darj kiya. gyaapan key anusaar, 1988 mein, samrat ney yasukuni mandir dwara yuddh mein maare gaye logon kii soochi mein ack varg key yuddh apraadhiyon koo shamil karane key nirnay parr apani kadee narajgi vyakt karate hue kahaa, "kissy samay, ack varg key aparaadhi sthaapit hoe gaye, jinamen matsuoka aur shiratori shamil they. maine sunaa kii sukuba ney savdhani seey kaam liya."aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii sukuba usa samay key poorv pramukh yasukuni pujari fujimaro sukuba koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jinhone 1966 mein sarkaar dwara sankalit yuddh mritakon kii soochi praapt karane key bavjood yuddh apraadhiyon koo sharan naheen dene kaa faisala kiya thaa. "matsudaira key bete key dimag mein kyaa haye, joe vartamaan pradhaan pujari haye?"" matsudaira kii shaanti kii prabal ichcha thee, lekin bachche koo maataa-pitaa key dill kaa pataa naheen thaa. yahee kaaran haye kii main taba seey mandir naheen gayaa huun. yeh meraa dill haye."matsudaira koo yoshitami matsudaira key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta key turant baad shaahi parivaar key badey prabandhak they. unake bete nagayoshi ney fujimaro sukuba key baad yasukuni key mukhya pujari key roop mein padbhar sambhala aur 1978 mein yuddh apraadhiyon koo sharan dene kaa faisala kiya. nagayoshi matsudaira kii 2006 mein mrityu hoe gaee, jiska kuchh tippanikaron ney anuman lagaaya haye kii memo jaari karane kaa kaaran haye.
mrityu aur raajkeeya antim sanskar.
22 sitambar 1987 koo, kaee maheenon taka paachan sambandhi samasyaon key baad samrat ney apane agnyashay kii shalya chikitsa karaai. doctors ney paaya kii unhein duodenal cancer thaa. aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii samrat shalya chikitsa key baad kaee maheenon taka poori tarah seey thheek hoe rahey they. lagbhag ack saal baad, halanki, 19 sitambar 1988 koo, vaha apane mahal mein gir gaye, aur agale kaee maheenon mein unakaa swaasthya bigad gayaa kyonki unhein lagaatar aantarik raktasraav seey peedit honah padaa.
samrat kaa nidhan 7 janwari 1989 koo subah 6hah33 baje 87 varsh kii ayu mein huaa. japan kii shaahi gharelu agency key grand stevard, shoichi fujimori kii ghoshana ney pahali baar unake cancer key baare mein vivaran kaa khulasa kiya. hirohito key parivaar mein unaki patni, unake paanch jeevit bachche, duss potey-potiyaan aur ack parpota thaa.
apani mrityu key samay vaha sabse lambe samay taka rahane vaale aur sabse lambe samay taka shasson karane vaale aitihaasik japani samrat they, saath hii usa samay duniya mein sabse lambe samay taka shasson karane vaale samrat they. baad vaalaa antar thyland key raajaa bhumibol atulyadej koo taba milaa jaba unhone julaai 2008 mein 13 octuber 2016 koo apani mrityu taka unhein peechhe chhod diyaa.
samrat key baad unake sabse badey bete akihito ney padbhar sambhala, jinka sinhasanarohan samaroh 12 navambar 1990 koo aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. 
samrat kii mrityu ney shova yug koo samaapt curr diyaa. usee dinn ack nayaa yug shuru huaah hesei yug, joe agale dinn aadhi raat koo prabhaavi huaa. 7 janwari seey 31 janwari taka, samrat kaa aupchaarik naam "divangat samrat" (δετεν, "taiko-teno") thaa. unakaa nishchit maranoparant naam, shova tenno (<unk> aur <unk>), 13 janwari koo nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa aur 31 janwari koo pradhaanmantri nobro takeshita dwara aupchaarik roop seey jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
24 farwari koo, samrat kaa raajkeeya antim sanskar kiya gayaa thaa, aur unake poorvavarti key vipareet, yeh aupchaarik thaa lekin sakhti seey shinto tareeke seey aayojit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. badee sankhya mein vishva netaa antim sanskar mein shamil hue. hirohito koo apani patni aur maataa-pitaa key saath hachiji mein musashi shaahi kabristan mein dafnaya gayaa haye.
mudda.
samrat shova aur maharani kojun key saat bachche they, dou bete aur paanch betiyaan.