
gustaf retigious

pro. magnus gustaf (yaa gustaav) retzius frusfore aich. aff. aar. aiss. aim. aiss. aeye. (17 octuber 1842-21 julaai 1919) ack swedish chikitsak aur shareer rachana vigyaani they jinhone apane jeevan kaa ack badaa hissa indriya angon aur tantrika tantra key ootak vigyaan parr shodh karane key liye samarpit kiya.
jeevan.
retzius kaa janm stockholm mein huaa thaa, joe shareer rachana vigyaani anders retzius (aur prakritivaadi aur rasaayanagya anders jahaan retzius key potey) key bete they. unhone 1860 mein upsala vishvavidyalaya mein dakhila liya, aur 1866 mein vahaan apani "chikitsa ummidvaarat" kii degree praapt kii, karolinska sansthaan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, jahan unhone 1869 mein chikitsa vigyaan ("chikitsa licenses") kii degree praapt kii aur 1871 mein lund vishvavidyalaya mein chikitsa (phd) mein doctorate kii upaadhi poori kii. retzius ney pathologist axel kii key tahat ack sahayak key roop mein kaam kiya; donon kii ack lambi saajhedaari thee, ack saath shodh aur lokpriya vigyaan koo prakaashit karna.
unhein 1877 mein karolinska sansthaan mein histology mein ack asadharan professorship aur 1889 mein (1888 seey kaary karate hue) shareer rachana vigyaan mein ack sadharan professorship millie, lekin sansthaan key anya sadasyon key saath sangharsh key baad 1890 mein unhone istifa dey diyaa. choonki unhone nariwadi annaa hayarta seey shaadi kii thee, joe samachar patra "aftenbladet" key sansthaapak lars johann hayarta kii betty thee, isaliye unaki vyaktigat sampatti ney unhein binaa kissy sthir rojgar key apane shodh aur lekhan koo aage badhaane kii anumati dee. isake alawa, retzius ney samachar patra "oftenbladet" (1884-1887) key sampaadak key roop mein kaary kiya aur vahaan ack patrakaar bhee they.
misra aur uttari america kii yaatraaen.
retzius ney dou baar europe key baahar yatra kii, donon baar apani patni enaa key saath. inn yaatraon key dauran vaha stockholm mein ack niyojit nasleeya sangrahalaya key liye nasleeya aur puraataatvik sangrah khareedane key liye utsuk they.
misra 1889-1890.
1889-1890 kii sardiyon mein, way misra gaye. retzius ney oftenbladet mein yatra seey lekh prakaashit kiye, joe baad mein ack pustak "skizzer oach upsaitarah builder fran nillence laind" ("rekhaachitra aur nibandhah nile desh seey chitra) key roop mein prakaashit huaa. chrismus key dinn carro seey prasthaan karane vaale dou saptah key liye, unhone nile parr yatra kii. way pahale nadee kii yatra curr key aswan shahar pahunche. vahaan retzius ney baajaron mein sangrah khareede. jald hii vikretaon koo ehsas huaa kii retzius ack graahak thaa joe bhugtan curr sakata thaa aur way naav parr aae aur samudra tata seey seedhe apane saman aur vastuon kii peshkash kii. retzius apane maanav vigyaan adhyayan key liye khopadi kii talash curr rhaa thaa aur aswan seey nile key paar kuchh chattanon kii kabron kii yatra key dauran 30 "mummy" praapt karane mein kamyab rhaa, jahan site parr ack "dekhbhal karane vaalaa" ney retzius koo khopadi betch dee. kuchh angreji adhikaariyon key madhyam seey vaha toski kii ladaai seey chhah khopadi praapt karane mein bhee kamyab rahey. nile seey vaapas jaate samay, way karnak aur vilas donon kaa daura karate they. vilasita mein, vaha vanijya doot ahmed ifendi mustafa ayed kii madad seey kull 125 khopadi khareedane mein kamyab rahey, jinhone ack vyakti koo kabr khodane aur khopadi laane key liye bheja. ack baar carro mein, retzius koo prasiddh heinry morton steinly seey milane kaa avsar milaa, jinhone abhee-abhee emin pascha koo mukt karane key liye apana asafal abhiyaan kiya. carro mein, retzius ney sangrah kii aur kharidari kii. retzius key sangrah key badey hisse stockholm mein medelhowsmusset aur stockholm mein nasl vigyaan key sangrahalaya mein upalabdh hain.
uttari america 1893.
juuna 1893 mein shuru hue chhah maheenon key dauran, retigious jode ney uttari america kii yatra kii. jaise misra kii yatra key dauran, ack mahatvapurna lakshya bhavishya key nasleeya sangrahalaya key liye sangrah kharidana thaa, saath hii saath sahyogiyon aur unake sansthanon kaa daura karna thaa. iss yatra key dauran bhee, retzius ney "uttar america seey chitra" sheershak key tahat eftenbladdate mein lekhon mein report kiya. lekin, kabhi koee kitab naheen thee. pahali yatra yell aur jeevaashm vigyaani othaniel charles marsh kii thee, jinake baad kaee anya vishvavidyalaya daure hue. unhone shikago mein vishva kii pradarshani kaa daura kiya, jahan unhone anya cheejon key alawa, nasleeya pradarshaniyon koo dekhaa aur kaee alag-alag swadeshi logon ney bhee pradarshan kiya aur nritya kiya. yahaan way dennish adrian jacobson aur prasiddh franz boas seey mille. vishva pradarshani key baad, unhone saanta phey sahit kaee alag-alag sthaanon aur shaharon kaa daura kiya. unhein shahar key baahar ack "bhaaratiya basti" mein jaane kaa avsar milata haye. saanta phey mein ack pracheen vastu kii dukaan thee jise jeck golds free museum (gold kii purani jigyasa kii dukaan) kahaa jaataa thaa jahan retzius ney naslashastra kharida thaa. kuchh hafton key liye, unhone uttar-paschimi tata aur british kolambiya kaa daura kiya. way victoria shahar aae, jahan nasl vigyaan key liye kaee vyaapaari they, aur phir venkuvar dweep parr yatra kii. bella bella mein, way adrian jacobson key bhaai phillip jacobson seey mille, jinhone enaa aur gustaf key liye 12-divasiya yatra key dauran kaee alag-alag sthaanon parr jaanaa aur nasleeya sangrah khareedane koo bhee sambhav banaaya. victoria mein dukaanon mein vastuon kaa ack badaa hissa jacobson bhaaiyon dwara ekatra kiya gayaa thaa. gustaf aur annaa vikretaon dwara swadeshi logon koo una purani vastuon koo chhodane key liye dhokha dene key tarikon seey nirash they joe bikri key liye naheen theen. way kshetra mein missionaryon kii bhee aalochana karate they. misra kii yatra kii tulanaa mein iss yatra key dauran gustaf koo utani khopadi naheen millie, lekin vaha chaar tathaakathit "lambe sir" vaali khopadi praapt karane mein kamyab rhaa. sweeden kii yatra kaee shaharon mein rukane key madhyam seey chully, jisamen shikago, baltimore aur washington shamil hain. apani yatra key dauran praapt retzius sangrah key badey hisse ethanographic sangrahalaya mein paae jaa sakate hain.
shodh.
retzius ney shareer rachana vigyaan, bhroon vigyaan, sujanan vigyaan, chraniometry, prani vigyaan aur vanaspati vigyaan mein 300 seey adhik vaigyaanik kaary prakaashit kiye. unhone juun ("hirudo medicinalis") key kendriya tantrika tantra mein 60 micrometer-vyaas vaali retigious koshikaon koo apana naam diyaa.
karolinska sansthaan mein apane samay key dauran, unhone kaana key puttle kii maanspeshiyon, madhya kaana kii haddiyon aur eustasian tube key shaaririk vivaran mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa.
unakaa 1896 kaa 2-khand kaa kaam "daas menshenhirn" ("maanav mastishk") shayed 19veen shatabdi key dauran maanav mastishk kii sakal shareer rachana parr likhaa gayaa sabse mahatvapurna granth thaa.
unhone apane pitaa anders retzius key kadmon kaa paalan karate hue pracheen swedish aur finish khopadi kaa bhee adhyayan kiya, jinhone vibhinn maanav "naslon" key kapaal kaa adhyayan kiya thaa aur mastishk vigyaan mein chhadm vaigyaanik yogdan diyaa thaa. retzius chhadm vaigyaanik nasl siddhant, "vaigyaanik naslavaad" key pitaa mein seey ack they, joe "nordic jaati" koo maanav jaati kii sarvocch jaati key roop mein mahimamandit karane kii koshish curr rahey they.
swedish akadami.
retigious raajneetik aur samajik roop seey sakriya thaa. apani patni key saath milkar unhone hierta-retzius foundation kii sthaapana kii, joe abb royal swedish academy off sciences dwara prashaasit haye, joe 1879 seey retzius kaa sadasya thaa. foundation key paas dou fund hain, ack javic anusandhaan key prachaar key liye aur doosara ack mahatvapurna vaigyaanik yaa samajik prakriti kii pariyojanaon kaa samarthan karane key liye.
1901 mein adolph erich nordenskilled key nidhan key baad retzius swedish akadami kaa sadasya bunn gayaa. way royal swedish academy off sciences key sadasya bhee they. isake parinamswarup, unhone varshon taka bhautiki, rasayan vigyaan aur saahitya mein nobel puraskar pradaan karane mein bhaag liya. haalaanki, 1890 mein shareer rachana vigyaan mein apani kursi seey unake istife kaa matlab thaa kii way shareer vigyaan yaa chikitsa puraskar vijeta key chayan mein seedhe bhaag naheen leey sakate they; haalaanki way 1901 seey 1906 taka usa puraskar key liye ack sakriya namankit vyakti they, jisamen hamesha santiago ramon vaaee kajal shamil they. isake alawa, vaha anya puraskaron key liye namankan naheen bhej sakey.
1906 mein shareer vigyaan yaa chikitsa mein nobel puraskar kii nirnay prakriya key dauran, retigious utsaahpoorvak santigo ramon vaaee kajal koo ekmatra puraskar dene key liye khadaa huaa, iss prakaar camillo golgi koo chhodkar. nobel samiti key liye apani report mein bhee yahee vichaar rakhaa gayaa thaa. isake vipareet, carle sundberg dwara mulyankan ney kajal parr golgi kaa samarthan kiya. antim nirnay seey pahale, holmgren key vichaaron koo saajha karane vaale kii likhit raay koo bhee dhyaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. anta mein, kajal aur golgi koo sanyukt roop seey sammaanit kiya gayaa, pahali baar yeh puraskar dou vijetaon key beach saajha kiya gayaa thaa.
retzius swayam bhee 1901 seey 1916 taka key 11 alag-alag varshon mein 23 baar nobel puraskar key liye namankit hue they. dilchasp baat yeh haye kii unhein 1906 seey pahale kajal dwara aur usa varsh key baad golgi dwara naamit kiya gayaa thaa.
mrityu.
1919 mein stockholm mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. vaha apani patni key saath reh gayaa thaa. swedish akadami mein unaki seat usee varsh adolph norine ney lii thee.

