israel kii arthavyavastha

israel kii arthavyavastha ack atyadhik vikasit mukt-bajar arthavyavastha haye. israel kii unnat arthavyavastha kii samriddhi desh koo ack parishkrit kalyankari raajya kii anumati detee haye, ack shaktishali aadhunik senaa key paas ack poorna paramanu tribhuj key saath ack paramanu-hathiyar kshamata, kaee paschimi deshon key pratidvandi aadhunik buniyaadi dhaanche aur silicon ghaati key barabar ack uchch-praudyogiki kshetra haye. sanyukt raajya america key baad duniya mein startup companiyon kii doosari sabse badee sankhya haye, aur yuu. key. key baad nasdack-soochibaddh companiyon kii teesari sabse badee sankhya haye.aiss. aur chean. americi companiyaan, jaise intell, microsoft aur apple, ney israel mein apani pahali videshi anusandhaan aur vikas suvidhaon kaa nirmaan kiya. 400 seey adhik uchch takneek vaale bahurashtriya nigamon, jaise kii aaee. bee. aim., googal, havelet-packered, sisko system, facebook aur motorola ney desh mein anusandhaan aur vikas kendra khole hain.
desh key pramukh aarthik kshetra uchch praudyogiki aur audyogik vinirmaan hain. israel kaa heera udyog heere kii kataai aur pollishing key liye duniya key kendron mein seey ack haye, joe sabhi niryaaton kaa 23.2% haye. choonki desh praakritik sansadhanon mein apekshaakrit kamjor haye, isaliye yeh petroleum, kachche maal, gehuun, motor vaahanon, binaa katey heere aur utpaadan nivesh key ayaat parr nirbhar kartaa haye. phir bhee, desh kii oorjaa ayaat parr lagbhag poori nirbharta bhavishya mein badal sakati haye kyonki isake tata parr praakritik gais bhandar kii halia khojon aur israel key saur oorjaa udyog ney israel key oorjaa kshetra mein agrani bhoomika nibhai haye.
israel kii gunavattapurna uchch shiksha aur ack uchch prerit aur shikshit aabaadi kii sthaapana kaafee hudd taka desh key uchch praudyogiki uchhaal aur kshetriya manakon dwara teji seey aarthik vikas key liye jimmedaar haye. desh ney moolya sanchaalit vastuon aur sevaaon key nirmaan key liye ack majboot shaikshik buniyaadi dhancha aur nae atyaadhunik vichaaron key liye ack uchch gunavatta vaali ushmaayan pranali vikasit kii haye. inn vikaason ney desh koo desh key kshetron mein uchch takneek companiyon kii uchch ekagrata banaane mein madad kii haye. inn companiyon koo ack majboot udyam poonji udyog dwara vittiya roop seey samarthan praapt haye. iska kendriya uchch praudyogiki kendra, "silicon vaadi", apane california samkaksh key baad dusare sthaan parr maanaa jaataa haye. kaee israeli companiyon koo vaishvik nigamon dwara unake vishvasaniya aur gunavatta vaale corporate karmiyon key liye adhigrahit kiya gayaa haye.
apane shuruati dashakon mein, israel kii arthavyavastha kaafee hudd taka raajya-niyantrit thee aur samajik loktaantrik vichaaron dwara aakar lii gaee thee. 1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein, arthavyavastha mein mukt-bajar sudhaaron kii ack shrinkhala hui aur dheere-dheere iska udaarikaran kiya gayaa. pichhale teen dashakon mein, arthavyavastha mein kaafee vriddhi hui haye, halanki prati vyakti jee. dee. pee. majdoori kii tulanaa mein teji seey badhee haye. israel paschimi asia mein sabse vikasit aur unnat desh haye, jisake paas duniya mein 17vaan sabse badaa videshi-vinimay bhandar haye aur madhya poorv mein prati vayask sabse adhik ausat sampatti (prati vyakti vittiya sampatti key hisab seey duniya bhar mein 10vaan) haye. israel duniya kaa 9vaan sabse badaa hathiyar niryaatak haye aur madhya poorv mein arabpatiyon kii sabse adhik sankhya haye, joe duniya mein 18vein sthaan parr haye. haal key varshon mein ireland key saath vikasit duniya mein israel kii jee. dee. pee. vriddhi darr sabse adhik rahee haye. "arthashastri" ney 2022 key liye vikasit deshon mein israel koo chauthi sabse safal arthavyavastha key roop mein sthaan diyaa. aaee. aim. aff. kaa anuman haye kii israel kaa jee. dee. pee. yuu. aiss. $564 billion haye aur 2023 mein prati vyakti iska jee. dee. pee. yuu. aiss. $58,270 haye (duniya mein 13vaan sabse adhik), joe anya uchch vikasit deshon key saath tulaniya haye. israel koo 2010 mein iss upakhyan mein shamil honey key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. israel ney europeeya sangh, sanyukt raajya america, europeeya mukt vyaapaar sangh, turkey, maxico, kanada, ukraine, jorden aur misra key saath mukt vyaapaar samjhauton parr bhee hastakshar kiye hain. 2007 mein, israel markosur vyaapaar gutt key saath ack mukt vyaapaar samjhaute parr hastakshar karane vaalaa pahala gair-lattin-americi desh bunn gayaa.
itihas.
yahudi apravasiyon dwara bhoomi khareed koo pratibandhit karane key uddeshya seey 1920 mein lagu hue philistine key liye british janadesh. iss kaaran seey, yahudi aabaadi shuru mein adhik shahari thee aur audyogik vyavsaayon mein unaki hissedari adhik thee. iss vishesh vikas key parinamswarup aarthik roop seey iss kshetra key kuchh vikas chamatkaron mein seey ack huaa, jisamen farmon kii sanrachana mukhya roop seey sarkaar dwara naheen balki niji udyamiyon dwara nirdhaarit kii gaee thee.
1911 mein russie yahudi engineer moshe novomesky dwara mrit samudra key pahale sarvekshan ney pyalestine potash limitted kii sthaapana kii. 1930 mein, baad mein mrit samudri karyon kaa naam badal diyaa gayaa. 1923 mein, pinhas ruttenberg koo bijli key utpaadan aur vitaran key liye ack vishesh riyayat dee gaee thee. unhone palestine electric company kii sthaapana kii, baad mein israel electric corporation. 1920 aur 1924 key beach, desh key kuchh sabse badey karkhanon kii sthaapana kii gaee, jinamen shemen tail company, society days grand maulins, pyalestine silicate company aur palestine salt company shamil hain.
1937 mein, desh mein 86 kataai aur bunai karkhane they, jinamen 1,500 key karyabal koo rojgar diyaa gayaa thaa. kiryaat ataa mein etaa kapada sanyantra, joe aage chalkar israel key kapada udyog kaa prateek bunn gayaa, 1934 mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 1939 mein, kibbutz udyog key pahale karkhanon mein seey ack key liye adharshila rakhee gaee theeh naman eent karkhana, joe nirmaan samagri kii badhati aavashyakta kii aapoorti kartaa thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran kapada kaa teji seey vikas huaa, jaba europe seey aapoorti kaat dee gaee thee, jabaki sthaaniya nirmaataon koo senaa kii jarooraton key liye commission kiya gayaa thaa. 1943 taka, karkhanon kii sankhya badhkar 250 hoe gaee thee, jisamen 5,630 karyabal thaa, aur utpaadan duss gunaa badh gayaa thaa.
1924 seey, vyaapaar melle tail avive mein aayojit kiye gaye they. 1932 mein levent melle kaa udghaatan kiya gayaa thaa.
swatantrata key baad.
raajya kaa darja milane key baad, israel koo ack gahare aarthik sankat kaa saamana karna padaa. 1948 key arab-israel yuddh key vinashkari prabhaavon seey ubarane key saath-saath, ise europe seey saikadon hajaaron yahudi sharanarthiyon aur arab duniya seey lagbhag duss laakh koo avashoshit karna padaa. israel aarthik roop seey abhibhoot thaa aur ack gahare aarthik sankat kaa saamana curr rhaa thaa, jisake kaaran 1949 seey 1959 taka tapasya kii neeti bunny. berojgari adhik thee, aur videshi mudra bhandar durlabh they.
1952 mein, israel aur paschim germany ney ack samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii paschim germany koo narsamhar key dauran yahoodiyon key utpeedan key liye israel koo bhugtan karna thaa, aur naziyon dwara chori kii gaee yahudi sampatti kii bharpai karni thee. agale 14 varshon mein, paschim germany ney israel koo 3 arab ank (aadhunik mudra mein hamaare $111.5bn key barabar) kaa bhugtan kiya. kshatipurti israel kii aaya kaa ack nirnaayak hissa bunn gayaa, jisamen 1956 mein israel kii aaya kaa 87.5% shamil thaa. 1950 mein, israel sarkaar ney americi aur kanadai yahoodiyon key liye israel bonned shuru kiye. 1951 mein, bonned karyakram key antim parinam $52 million seey adhik hoe gaye. isake alawa, kaee americi yahoodiyon ney israel koo niji daan diyaa, joe 1956 mein ack varsh mein $100 million key barabar maanaa jaataa thaa. 1957 mein, baand kii bikri israel key vishesh vikas bajat kaa 35 pratishat thee. baad mein shatabdi mein, israel sanyukt raajya america seey aarthik sahaayata parr kaafee nirbhar hoe gayaa, ack aisaa desh joe antarrashtriya star parr israel key raajneetik samarthan kaa sabse mahatvapurna srot bhee bunn gayaa.
inn sroton seey praapt aaya koo audyogik aur krishi vikas pariyojanaon mein nivesh kiya gayaa thaa, jisase israel aarthik roop seey aatmanirbhar hoe gayaa. sahaayata seey sambhav hui pariyojanaon mein hadira bijli sanyantra, mrit samudri kaary, rashtriya jall vaahak, hypha, ashdod aur eelat mein bandargah vikas, vilavaneekaran sanyantra aur rashtriya buniyaadi dhancha pariyojanaaen shamil theen.
raajya kaa darja milane key baad, vikas key liye nirdhaarit kshetron mein udyogon kii sthaapana koo prathamikta dee gaee, jinamen lachish, ashkelon, negev aur galleyl shamil they. israel key kapada udyog kaa vistaar ack laabhdaayak krishi shakha key roop mein kapas key vikas kaa parinam thaa. 1960 key dashak key anta taka, vastra israel mein sabse badee audyogik shaakhaon mein seey ack they, joe khaadya padaarth udyog key baad dusare sthaan parr they. audyogik niryaat mein vastron kaa hissa lagbhag 12 pratishat thaa, joe polish kiye gaye heere key baad doosari sabse badee niryaat shakha bunn gaee. 1990 key dashak mein, saste purvi asiai shram ney iss kshetra kii laabhpradata mein kamee kii. adhikansh kaam 400 israeli arab silai dukaanon key liye upa-anubandhit thaa. jaise hii yeye bund hue, israeli farmon, jinamen delta, polgat, argman aur kitton shamil they, ney jorden aur misra mein apana silai kaa kaam karna shuru curr diyaa, aamtaur parr kizs vyavastha key tahat. 2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein, israeli companiyon key jorden mein 30 sanyantra they. israel kaa niryaat prati varsh $370 million taka pahunch gayaa, joe aise khudra vikretaon aur designers koo maark aur spensor, antar, victoria kaa rahasya, wallmart, sears, ralf lauren, calvin clain aur donna karann key roop mein aapoorti kartaa haye.
apane astitva key pahale dou dashakon mein, vikas key liye israel kii majboot pratibaddhata ney aarthik vikas darr koo salana 10 pratishat seey adhik curr diyaa. 1950 aur 1963 key beach, vetanbhogi parivaaron key beach kharch vaastavik roop seey 97 pratishat badh gayaa. 1955 aur 1966 key beach, prati vyakti khapat mein 221% kii vriddhi hui. 1973 key yom kippur yuddh key baad key varshon mein aarthik roop seey ack dashak barbad hoe gayaa thaa, kyonki vikas rook gayaa thaa, mudrasfeeti badh gaee thee aur sarkari kharch mein kaafee vriddhi hui thee. 1983 kaa baink stock sankat bhee ullekhaniya haye. 1984 taka, aarthik sthiti lagbhag vinashkari hoe gaee aur mudrasfeeti vaarshik darr 450% key karib pahunch gaee aur agale varsh key anta taka 1000% taka pahunchane kaa anuman haye. haalaanki, 1985 mein lagu kii gaee safal aarthik sthirikaran yojana aur baad mein bajar-unmukh sanrachanaatmak sudhaaron kii shuruat ney arthavyavastha koo phir seey majboot kiya aur 1990 key dashak mein isake teji seey vikas kaa maarg prashast kiya aur isi tarah key aarthik sankaton kaa saamana curr rahey anya deshon key liye ack model bunn gayaa.
1990 key dashak kii shuruat seey dou vikaason ney israel kii arthavyavastha koo badalane mein madad kii haye. pahala yahudi aapravaasan kii laharen hain, mukhya roop seey poorv ussr key deshon seey, joe duss laakh seey adhik nae nagrikon koo israel mein laaya haye. inn nae soviyat yahudi apravasiyon, jinamen seey kaee uchch shikshit they, key paas israel key badhate praudyogiki kshetra koo badhaava dene mein madad karane key liye vaigyaanik aur takniki visheshagyata kaa ack srot thaa, joe abb israel kii aabaadi kaa lagbhag 15 pratishat haye. israel kii arthavyavastha koo labhanvit karane vaalaa doosara vikas shaanti prakriya haye joe octuber 1991 key madrid sammelan mein shuru hui, jisake kaaran samjhauton parr hastakshar hue aur baad mein israel aur jorden (1994) key beach ack shaanti sandhi hui.
2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein, vaishvik dott-comm bulbula key durghatanagrast honey key kaaran israel kii arthavyavastha mein girawat aaee, jisane bulbula kii oonchaai key dauran sthaapit kaee startup koo diwalia curr diyaa. doosara intifada, jisaki suraksha laagat mein arabon dollar kii laagat aaee, aur nivesh aur paryatan mein girawat ney israel mein berojgari koo dohare ankon mein bhej diyaa; 2000 kii ack timahi mein vriddhi 10 pratishat thee. 2002 mein, israel kii arthavyavastha mein ack timahi mein lagbhag 4 pratishat kii girawat aaee. isake baad, israel ney purvi asia key teji seey badhate deshon jaise israel key niryatakon key liye nae baajaron koo kholkar ack ullekhaniya sudhaar karane mein kamyabi hassil kii. yeh israel key takniki kshetra mein ack paltaav key kaaran sambhav huaa, joe dotcom crashes seey dheere-dheere neeche aaney aur computer software kii maang mein badhati vriddhi key kaaran huaa, joe badale mein iss samay vaishvik internet upayog kii badhati daron key kaaran thaa. aaee. dee. 1. key baad suraksha aur raksha utpaadon kii maang mein visfot ney israel koo videshon mein apani praudyogikiyon koo aur bhee adhik bechane kii anumati dee-ack aisee sthiti kewal gharelu berojgari key uchch star parr ankush lagaane key prayaas mein praudyogiki kshetra mein israel key poorv nivesh key kaaran sambhav hui.
2000 key dashak mein, una companiyon seey israel mein videshi nivesh kii aamad hui thee joe pahale israel key bajar seey door theen. nirmaata sangh israel key anusaar, 2006 mein israel mein kull 13 arab dollar kaa videshi nivesh huaa. vittiya samay" ney kahaa kii "bumm girate hain, phir bhee israel kii arthavyavastha badhati haye. isake alawa, jabaki israel kaa kull sakal videshi rinn $95 billion haye, yaa lagbhag 41.6% gdp kaa haye, 2001 seey yeh shuddh videshi rinn (parisampattiyon kaa kull moolya banaam parisampattiyon kaa kull moolya) key mamle mein ack shuddh rinadaata rashtra bunn gayaa haye. videshon mein deya rinn sadhanon mein dendaariyaan), joe kii hamaare 60 arab dollar kaa ack mahatvapurna adhishesh thaa. desh 2010 mein apane sakal gharelu utpaad key lagbhag 3 pratishat key barabar raashi mein chaalu khaate kaa adhishesh bhee rakhta haye.
israel kii arthavyavastha ney 2000 key dashak key anta mein mandee kaa saamana kiya, 2009 mein sakaratmak jee. dee. pee. vriddhi darj kii aur kaee paschimi deshon kii tulanaa mein cumm berojgari darr key saath dashak kaa anta kiya. iss aarthik lachilaapan key peechhe kaee kaaran hain, udaaharan key liye, yeh tathya kii desh ack udharkarta rashtra key bajaay ack shuddh rinadaata haye aur sarkaar aur baink off israel kii aam taur parr roodhivaadi vrihad-aarthik neetiyaan. dou neetiyon kaa, vishesh roop seey, ullekh kiya jaa sakata haye, ack haye sankat mein unaki sahaayata key liye bainkon dwara uchit saarvajanik dhana kii badee raashi key dabaav key aage jhukane seey sarkaar kaa incar, iss prakaar unake jokhim bharey vyavhaar koo seemit kartaa haye. doosara 2000 key dashak kii shuruat seey madhya taka butch 'aar aayog kii sifaarishon kaa karyanvayan haye, jisamen bainkon key depository aur nivesh banking gatividhiyon koo alag karane kii sifarish kii gaee thee, joe usa samay key vipareet pravritti key vipareet thee, vishesh roop seey sanyukt raajya mein, aise pratibandhon koo aasaan banaane kaa prabhaav thaa joe una deshon kii vittiya pranaliyon mein adhik jokhim lene koo protsaahit karate they.
oh. key. dee. sadasyata.
maee 2007 mein, israel koo upakhyan key saath pravesh charcha shuru karane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. maee 2010 mein, philistine kii apattiyon key bavjood, oh. key. dee. ney israel koo shamil honey key liye aamantrit karane key liye sarvasammati seey matdan kiya. yeh 7 sitambar 2010 koo ack poorna sadasya bunn gayaa. iss upakhyan ney israel kii vaigyaanik aur takniki pragati kii prashansa kii aur ise "vishva star parr utkrisht parinam utpann karane" key roop mein varnit kiya."
chunauti.
aarthik samriddhi key bavjood, israel kii arthavyavastha koo kaee chunautiyon kaa saamana karna padata haye, jinamen seey kuchh alpakaalik aur kuchh deerghakaalik hain. alpaavadhi mein dursanchar udyog mein apani safalata koo anya badhate udyogon mein doharaane mein isaki asamarthata isake aarthik drishtikon koo baadhit karati haye. pichhale dashak mein badee bahurashtriya companiyon koo badhaava dene mein isaki asamarthata bhee unnat udyogon mein badee sankhya mein logon koo rojgar dene kii isaki kshamata parr sawal uthaati haye. lambe samay taka, israel atee-paaramparik yahoodiyon kii badhati sankhya kii uchch nirbharta kii chunautiyon kaa saamana curr rhaa haye, jinake paas purushon key beach aadhikarik shram bull kii bhagidari kaa star cumm haye, aur iss sthiti seey bhautik roop seey cumm rojgar-seey-jansankhya anupaat aur bhavishya mein uchch nirbharta anupaat hoe sakata haye. baink off israel key governor, steinly fisher ney kahaa kii atee-paaramparik logon key beach badhati garibi israel kii arthavyavastha koo nuksan pahuncha rahee haye. ian furseman dwara prakaashit aankadon key anusaar, israel mein 60 pratishat garib parivaar haredi yahoodiyon aur israeli arabon key hain. donon samooh ack saath israel kii aabaadi key 25-28% kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. kemach foundation, gawahim, jerusalam gaanv aur jerusalam business networking forum jaise sangathan naukari kii niyukti sevaaon aur networking karyakramon key saath inn chunautiyon kaa samadhan curr rahey hain.
detta.
nimnalikhit talika mein mukhya aarthik sanketkon koo 1980-2021 mein dikhaaya gayaa haye (2022-2027 mein aaee. aim. aff. karmchaariyon key anumaanon key saath). 5 pratishat seey cumm mudrasfeeti harit haye.
kshetron.
krishi.
2017 mein desh key sakal gharelu utpaad kaa 2.4% krishi seey praapt hotaa haye. kull 27 laakh shram bull mein seey 26 pratishat krishi utpaadan mein kaaryarat hain jabaki 6.3 pratishat krishi sevaaon mein kaaryarat hain. jabaki israel paryaapt matra mein anaaj (sthaaniya khapat kaa lagbhag 80 pratishat) kaa ayaat kartaa haye, yeh anya krishi utpaadon aur khaadya padarthon mein kaafee hudd taka aatmanirbhar haye. sadiyon seey, iss kshetra key kisaanon ney khatte falon kii kismein ugaai hain, jaise kii angur, santare aur nimbu. khatte phal abhee bhee israel key pramukh krishi niryaat hain. isake alawa, israel duniya key pramukh greenhouse-khaadya-niryaatak deshon mein seey ack haye. israel foolon aur kapas kaa utpaadan aur niryaat bhee kartaa haye. desh harr saal krishi utpaadon key saath-saath 1.2 arab dollar moolya key krishi nivesh aur praudyogiki sahit 1.3 arab dollar moolya key krishi utpaadon kaa niryaat kartaa haye.
vittiya sevaayen.
israel key paas poore desh mein 100 seey adhik sakriya udyam poonji kosh hain joe prabandhan key tahat 10 arab dollar key saath kaam curr rahey hain. 2004 mein, duniya bhar key vibhinn deshon key antarrashtriya videshi koshon ney nivesh kiye gaye kull dollar kaa 50 pratishat seey adhik nivesh kiya, joe kaee deshon dwara videshi nivesh key baad antarrashtriya star parr maang kii jaane vaali desh kii majboot aur achchi pratishtha kaa udaaharan haye. israel kaa udyam poonji kshetra 1990 key dashak kii shuruat seey teji seey vikasit huaa haye, aur lagbhag 70 sakriya udyam poonji kosh (vee. see.) hain, jinamen seey 14 antarrashtriya vee. see. key israel karyalaya hain. israel kii sampann udyam poonji aur vyaapaar-ushmaayan udyog ney desh key samriddh uchch-takniki kshetra key vittaposhan mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. 2008 mein, israel mein udyam poonji nivesh 19 pratishat badhkar $1.9 billion hoe gayaa.
"1991 aur 2000 key beach, israel kaa vaarshik udyam-poonjigat vyay, lagbhag sabhi niji, lagbhag 60 gunaa badhkar $58 million seey $3.3 billion hoe gayaa; israel key udyam kosh dwara shuru kii gaee companiyan 100 seey badhkar 800 hoe gaeen; aur israel kaa soochana-praudyogiki rajaswa $1.6 billion seey badhkar $12.5 billion hoe gayaa. 1999 taka, israel jee. dee. pee. key hisse key roop mein niveshit niji-equity poonji mein sanyukt raajya america key baad dusare sthaan parr thaa. israel ney uchch takneek udyamon key kaaran apane vikas key hisse mein duniya kaa netritva kiyaah 70 pratishat."
israel key sampann udyam poonji udyog ney desh key teji seey badhate uchch-praudyogiki kshetra key vittaposhan mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai haye, jisamen saikadon samriddh israel niji equity aur udyam poonji firm hain. 2007-08 key vittiya sankat ney sthaaniya roop seey udyam poonji kii upalabdhata koo nakaratmak roop seey prabhaavit kiya. 2009 mein, israel key bajar mein kull $2.54 billion key 63 vilay aur adhigrahan hue; 2008 key star ($2.74 billion) seey 7 pratishat cumm, jaba 82 israel companiyon kaa vilay yaa adhigrahan kiya gayaa thaa, aur 2007 kii aaya ($3.79 billion) kii tulanaa mein 33 pratishat cumm jaba 87 israel companiyon kaa vilay yaa adhigrahan kiya gayaa thaa. kaee israeli uchch takneek companiyon koo vaishvik nigamon dwara apane vishvasaniya corporate prabandhan aur gunavatta vaale karmiyon key liye adhigrahit kiya gayaa haye. udyam poonji kosh key alawa, duniya key kaee pramukh nivesh baink, pension kosh aur beema companiyon kii israel mein ack majboot upasthiti haye joe israel kii uchch takneek farmon koo vittiya roop seey vaapas karane aur isake samriddh uchch takneek kshetra seey labhanvit honey key liye apane dhana koo pratibaddh karati haye. inn sansthaagat niveshakon mein goldman sax, bayer stern, duesh baink, jey. pee. morgan, credit suis first boston, maryl linch, calpers, ontario shikshak pension yojana aur egg shamil hain.
israel mein ack chhota lekin teji seey badhata haze fund udyog bhee haye. 2007 aur 2012 key beach paanch varshon key bheetar, sakriya haze fund kii sankhya doguni hocker 60 hoe gaee. israel-adharit haze fund ney 2006 seey 2012 taka 162% kii vriddhi darj kii haye, jaba unhone kull $2 billion (¥8 billion) kaa prabandhan kiya aur lagbhag 300 logon koo rojgar diyaa. israel mein lagaatar badhata haze fund udyog bhee duniya bhar key asankhya niveshakon koo aakarshit curr rhaa haye, vishesh roop seey sanyukt raajya america seey.
uchch praudyogiki.
israel mein vigyaan aur praudyogiki desh key sabse adhik vikasit aur audyogik kshetron mein seey ack haye. uchch praudyogiki kaa aadhunik israeli paaristhitiki tantra atyadhik anukoolit haye joe israel kii arthavyavastha kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye. vaigyaanik aur takniki jaanch mein lagey israeliyon kaa pratishat, aur sakal gharelu utpaad (jee. dee. pee.) seey sambandhit anusandhaan aur vikas (aar. aind. dee.) parr kharch kii gaee raashi, prati 10,000 karmchaariyon parr 140 vaigyaanikon aur technicians key saath duniya mein sabse adhik haye. isaki tulanaa mein, sanyukt raajya america mein 85 prati 10,000 aur japan mein 83 prati 10,000 haye. prati duss laakh nagrikon parr vaigyaanik prakashanon kii sankhya seey maapa jaane parr, israel vaigyaanik gatividhi mein duniya mein chauthe sthaan parr haye. duniya bhar mein prakaashit vaigyaanik lekhon kii kull sankhya kaa israel kaa pratishat duniya kii aabaadi key pratishat seey lagbhag 10 gunaa adhik haye. desh mein 1,400 seey adhik jeevan vigyaan companiyan hain, jinamen lagbhag 300 dawa companiyan, 600 chikitsa upkaran companiyan, 450 digital swaasthya companiyan aur 468 jaiv praudyogiki companiyan shamil hain. israel key vaigyaanikon, engineeron aur technicians ney praakritik vigyaan, krishi vigyaan, computer vigyaan, electronics, aanuvanshiki, chikitsa, prakashiki, saur oorjaa aur engineering key vibhinn kshetron kii aadhunik pragati mein yogdan diyaa haye. desh mein duniya kii takniki roop seey sabse sakshar aabaadi haye. israel mein vaishvik star parr doosari sabse badee startup companiyan hain, kewal sanyukt raajya america key baad, aur praudyogiki start-upp udyamon key liye duniya key sabse badey kendron mein seey ack haye. 2013 taka, israel mein salana lagbhag 200 start-upp banaae jaa rahey they. 2019 mein desh mein lagbhag 7,000 sakriya start-upp they. 2021 mein, 79 israel-sthaapit takniki unicorn they, jinamen seey 32 kaa mukhyalaya israel mein thaa. duniya mein cyber suraksha unicorn kaa ack tihai seey adhik 2021 mein israel thaa. israel mein googal, microsoft aur intell jaise diggajon sahit bahurashtriya companiyon key swaamitva vaale lagbhag 400 anusandhaan aur vikas kendra bhee hain.
israel ack pramukh ardhchaalak design kendra haye. yeh pramukh bahurashtriya nigamon key swaamitva vaale kaee chip design kendron kaa ghar haye, aur ise duniya key sabse unnat chip design udyogon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. 2021 mein, kull 37 bahurashtriya firm ardhchaalak kshetra mein israel mein kaam curr rahee theen.
1998 mein, tail aveev koo "newsweak" dwara duniya key duss takniki roop seey sabse prabhaavshaali shaharon mein seey ack key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa. 2012 mein, shahar koo uchch takneek startup companiyon key liye sabse achche sthaanon mein seey ack kaa naam diyaa gayaa thaa, joe apane california samkaksh key baad dusare sthaan parr thaa.
2013 mein, "dha boston globe" ney silicon valley key baad vyaapaar shuru karane key liye tail avive koo dusare sarvshreshth shahar key roop mein sthaan diyaa. 2020 mein, startupblink ney israel koo kewal sanyukt raajya america aur united kingdam key baad duniya mein teesare sarvshreshth startup paaristhitiki tantra key roop mein sthaan diyaa.
desh kii atyadhik prasiddh aur rachanaatmak start-upp sanskriti key parinamswarup, israel koo aksar start-upp rashtra (danne senor aur saul gaayak dwara pustak start-upp rashtra seey anukoolit) aur "madhya poorv kii silicon ghaati" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. start-upp rashtra" arthavyavastha kaa pataa lagaane key liye logon koo israel bhejane vaale karyakramon mein tawtek udyam aur tamid samooh shamil hain. iss safalata key liye kuchh logon ney israel raksha balon mein vyaapak seva aur isaki pratibha key vikas koo jimmedaar thaharaaya haye joe taba uchch takneek udyog koo badhaava detaa haye.
haal key varshon mein, udyog koo praudyogiki visheshagyon kii kamee kaa saamana karna padaa haye; 2019 taka israel key uchch praudyogiki kshetra mein 15 pratishat pada khaali they. haalaanki, software engineering visheshtaon mein sabse badee sankhya (31 pratishat) rikt pada hainh devop, back-aind, detta science, machine learning aur artificial intelligence. isaliye, israel key bajar mein visheshagyon key vetan mein bhee kaafee vriddhi hui. iss samasya koo hull karane key liye, yeh companiyan videshon mein antaral koo bharane kii koshish karati hain. natijatan, way apane poore karyabal kaa lagbhag 25 pratishat videshon mein kaam karate hain. adhikansh companiyan ukraine (45 pratishat) seey karmchaariyon koo niyukt karna pasand karati hain aur sanyukt raajya america (16 pratishat key saath) doosara sabse lokpriya offshoring gantavya desh haye. 2017 mein, israel mein uchch shiksha parishad ney computer vigyaan aur engineering karyakramon seey snatakon kii sankhya mein 40 pratishat kii vriddhi key liye ack paanch varsheeya karyakram shuru kiya.
oorjaa.
aitihaasik roop seey, israel apani adhikansh oorjaa jarooraton koo puuraa karane key liye baahari ayaat parr nirbhar thaa, 2009 mein oorjaa utpaadon key ayaat parr prati varsh apane sakal gharelu utpaad key 5 pratishat seey adhik kii raashi kharch kartaa thaa. parivahan kshetra mukhya roop seey petrol aur deejal eendhan parr nirbhar kartaa haye, jabaki adhikansh bijli utpaadan aayatit koyale kaa upayog karke utpann hotaa haye. 2013 taka, israel prati varsh lagbhag 100 million bairal tail kaa ayaat curr rhaa thaa. desh key paas kachche tail key naa key barabar bhandar hain, lekin gharelu praakritik gais sansaadhan hain, joe pahale kaee dashakon key asafal anveshan key baad 2009 mein shuru hui aur adhik mahatvapurna matra mein khoje gaye they.
praakritik gais.
2000 key dashak kii shuruat taka, israel mein praakritik gais kaa upayog nyuntam thaa. 1990 key dashak key anta mein, israel kii sarkaar ney paryaavaran, laagat aur sansaadhan vividhikaran karanon seey praakritik gais key upayog koo protsaahit karane kaa faisala kiya. haalaanki, usa samay praakritik gais kaa koee gharelu srot naheen thaa aur ummeed thee kii gais kii aapoorti videshon seey ell. aine. jee. key roop mein aur misra seey bhavishya kii pipeline dwara kii jaayegi (joe antatah erish-ashkelan pipeline bunn gaee). israel vidyut nigam key liye kaee praakritik gais sanchaalit bijli sanyantron key nirmaan, ack rashtriya gais vitaran grid key nirmaan aur ack ell. aine. jee. ayaat terminal key liye yojanaaen banaai gaeen.
haal kii khoj.
2000 mein, ack 33-arab-ghana meater (bee. see. aim.), yaa 1,200-arab-ghana-phut, praakritik-gais kshetra 2004 mein shuru honey vaale vaanijyik utpaadan key saath apatatiya ashkellen mein sthit thaa. haalaanki, yeh kshetra lagbhag samaapt hoe gayaa haye-2011 mein mubarak shasson key patan seey judee ashanti key maddenajar aayatit misra kii gais key nuksan kii aanshik roop seey bharpai karane key liye pumping mein vriddhi key kaaran ummeed seey pahale. 2009 mein, taamar naamak ack mahatvapurna gais kii khoj, jisamen 223 bee. see. aim. yaa (307 bee. see. aim. kull siddh + sambhaavit) key siddh bhandar key saath, samudra tata key lagbhag paschim mein sthit ack chhote 15 bee. see. aim. () kshetra mein sthit thaa. isake alawa, 2010 seey aayojit 3dee bhookampiya sarvekshanon aur pareekshan drilling key parinamon ney pushti kii haye kii leviathan naamak anumaanit 621 bee. see. aim. () praakritik-gais kaa bhandar 2009 mein pahale seey hii khoje gaye badey gais kshetra key paas ack badey paani key neeche bhoovaigyaanik gathan mein maujood haye.
chaar saal key vikas key baad 30 march 2013 koo taamar kshetra ney vaanijyik utpaadan shuru kiya. taamar seey gais kii aapoorti seey israel kii arthavyavastha koo sahaayata milane kii ummeed thee, jise 2011 aur 2013 key beach padosi misra seey gais aapoorti mein vyavadhaan key parinamswarup 20 arab euro seey adhik kaa nuksan huaa thaa (aur joe misra key israel koo apane gais aapoorti samjhaute koo anishchit kaal key liye nilambit karane key nirnay key kaaran phir seey shuru honey kii ummeed naheen haye). parinamswarup, israel key saath-saath usake anya padosi jorden, jise misra seey gais kii delivery mein vyavadhaan kaa saamana karna padaa, koo oorjaa key vikalp key roop mein kaafee adhik mahange aur pradooshit taral bhaari eendhan kaa ayaat karna padaa. 2013 mein taamar kshetra key online aaney key baad israel mein aaney vaale oorjaa sankat koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, jabaki jorden ney israel key leviathan kshetra seey kull $10 billion, 15-varsheeya gais aapoorti saude key liye pratibaddh kiya thaa, joe 2019 key anta mein online aaney vaalaa haye. samjhaute seey oorjaa laagat mein prati varsh 600 million dollar kii bachat honey kaa anuman haye. 2018 mein, taamar aur leviathan kshetron key maalikon ney ghoshana kii kii way misra kii companiyon key ack sangh key saath 10 varshon mein 64 bee. see. aim. taka gais kii aapoorti key liye ack samjhaute parr baatchit curr rahey hain, jiska moolya 15 arab dollar haye. 2012 kii shuruat mein israel key mantrimandal ney ack samprabhu dhana kosh (jise "israel key nagrikon kaa kosh" kahaa jaataa haye) sthaapit karane kii yojana kii ghoshana kii.
bijli.
2010 key dashak key madhya mein raajya kii sthaapana key baad seey, raajya key swaamitva vaali upayogita, israel electric corporation (aaee. ee. see.) kaa desh mein bijli utpaadan parr ack prabhaavi ekadhikar thaa. 2010 mein company ney 52,037 gigawatt bijli bechi. 2010 key dashak key madhya taka desh koo lagaatar cumm parichaalan bhandar kaa bhee saamana karna padaa, joe jyaadaatar israel key ack "bijli dweep" honey kaa parinam haye. adhikansh deshon mein bijli kii kamee kii sthiti mein aas-paas key deshon mein utpadakon seey lii gaee bijli parr bharosa karane kii kshamata haye. haalaanki, israel kaa grid padosi deshon seey asambaddh haye. yeh jyaadaatar raajneetik karanon seey haye, lekin jorden aur misra kii bijli pranaliyon kii kaafee cumm vikasit prakriti key kaaran bhee haye, jinaki pranaaliyan lagaatar gharelu maang koo puuraa karane key liye sangharsh karati hain aur jinaki prati vyakti bijli utpaadan israel key paanchven hisse seey bhee cumm haye. haalaanki, israel mein parichaalan bhandar cumm they, desh key paas gharelu bijli kii jarooraton koo puuraa karane key liye paryaapt utpaadan aur paareshan kshamata thee aur isake aspas key deshon key vipareet, aitihaasik roop seey atyadhik maang kii avadhi mein bhee, bijli kii kamee kaafee durlabh rahee haye.
bijli kii badhati maang aur cumm aarakshit sthiti key baare mein chintit, israel kii sarkaar ney bijli kii aapoorti aur parichaalan aarakshit badhaane key liye kadam uthaana shuru curr diyaa, saath hii aaee. ee. see. kii ekadhikar sthiti koo cumm karane aur 2000 key dashak key dusare bhaag mein bijli bajar mein pratispardha badhaane key liye. isane aaee. ee. see. koo kaee nae bijli stations key nirmaan kaa nirdesh diyaa aur utpaadan kshetra mein niji nivesh koo protsaahit kiya. 2015 taka, kull rashtravyapi sthaapit bijli utpaadan kshamata mein aaee. ee. see. kaa hissa lagbhag 75 pratishat taka gir gayaa thaa, aur taba company key paas lagbhag 13.6 gigawatt (jee. doubleu.) kii sthaapit utpaadan kshamata thee. 2010 key baad seey, swatantra bijli utpadakon ney lagbhag 2.2 gigawatt kii kull utpaadan kshamata key saath teen nae gais-chaalit sanyukt chakr bijli stations kaa nirmaan kiya haye, jabaki vibhinn audyogik sansthaon ney lagbhag 1 gigawatt key kull bijli utpaadan key saath parisar mein saha-utpaadan suvidhaon kaa nirmaan kiya haye, aur jinhen bijli pradhikaran dwara pratispardhi daron parr rashtriya grid koo adhishesh bijli bechane key liye licenses praapt haye. nirmanadhin 300 megawatt kii pumped bhandaran suvidha bhee haye, jisamen dou aur yojana mein hain, saath hii kaee saur oorjaa seey chalane vaale sanyantra hain.
uparokt charanon key alawa, israel aur cyprus prastaavit eurosia interconnector pariyojana koo lagu karane parr vichaar curr rahey hain. isamen unake beach aur cyprus aur grees key beach 2000 megawatt hvdc undersey power cable bichhaana shamil haye, iss prakaar israel koo adhik seey adhik europeeya power grid seey jodana haye. yadi aisaa kiya jaataa haye, tou isase desh key parichaalan bhandar mein aur vriddhi hogi aur saath hii videshon mein atirikt bijli bhee bick jaayegi.
2016 mein, kull rashtravyapi bijli utpaadan 67.2 gigawatt thaa, jisamen seey praakritik gais kaa upayog karke aur koyale kaa upayog karke aaee. dee. 1 utpann kiya gayaa thaa-pahali baar praakritik gais kaa upayog karke bijli utpaadan kaa hissa koyale kaa upayog karke utpann bijli seey adhik thaa.
saur oorjaa.
israel mein saur oorjaa aur israel key saur oorjaa udyog kaa ack itihas haye joe desh kii sthaapana kaa haye. 1950 key dashak mein, levi yisar ney nae desh mein oorjaa kii kamee koo cumm karane mein madad karane key liye ack saur jall heater vikasit kiya. 1967 taka bees mein seey ack ghar ney apana paani suraj seey germ kiya aur 50,000 saur taapak beche jaa chuke they. 1970 key dashak key tail sankat key saath, israel key saur udyog key pitaa, hairi zvee tabor ney prototype saur jall heater vikasit kiya joe abb 90 pratishat seey adhik israel key gharon mein upayog kiya jaataa haye.
audyogik vinirmaan.
israel mein ack badee audyogik kshamata haye. isake kaee utpaadon key saath ack achchi tarah seey vikasit rasayanik udyog haye jiska uddeshya niryaat bajar haye. adhikansh rasayanik sanyantra haifa khaadi kshetra key raamat hovav mein aur mrit samudra key paas sthit hain. israel rasayan israel mein sabse badee urvarak aur rasayanik companiyon mein seey ack haye aur isaki sahayak company, dade see works inn asdom duniya kaa chautha sabse badaa potash utpaad utpaadak aur aapurtikarta haye. company anya utpaadon jaise magnicium chloride, audyogik lavan, dee-icer, snan lavan, table namak aur cosmetic udyog key liye kachche maal kaa bhee utpaadan karati haye. dhatuon, machinary aur vidyut upkaranon, nirmaan samagri, upabhokta vastuon aur vastron key audyogik utpaadan key saath-saath khaadya prasanskaran bhee vinirmaan kshetra kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa haye. israel mein nirmit machinary aur upkaranon mein computer upkaran, chikitsa upkaran, krishi upkaran aur robot shamil hain. israel mein ack safal ardhchaalak upkaran nirmaan udyog haye, jisamen desh mein kaee ardhchaalak nirmaan suvidhaaen hain.
desh key sabse badey niyoktaon mein seey ack israel aerospace udyog haye joe mukhya roop seey vimanan, antariksh aur raksha utpaadon kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. 2017 mein company key paas 11.4 arab americi dollar kaa order backlog thaa. kaee anya aerospace companiyan hain. israel kii aerospace companiyan mukhya roop seey upa-aapurtikarta hain, joe machining, electronic system aur ghatakon aur samagr samagri jaise kshetron parr dhyaan kendrit karati hain. israel maanav rahit havaai vaahanon kaa ack pramukh nirmaata aur niryaatak haye. israel mein ack mahatvapurna dawa udyog bhee haye aur yeh duniya kii sabse badee dawa companiyon mein seey ack, tewa dawa udyogon kaa ghar haye, jisane 2011 taka 40,000 logon koo rojgar diyaa thaa. yeh generic aur swaamitva vaali dawa aur sakriya dawa avayavon mein visheshagyata rakhta haye. yeh duniya kii sabse badee generic dawa nirmaata haye aur duniya bhar kii 15 sabse badee dawa companiyon mein seey ack haye. isake alawa, israel key paas company israel shipyard key madhyam seey ack jahaaj nirmaan udyog bhee haye, jisamen purvi bhoomadhya sagar mein sabse badee jahaaj nirmaan aur marammat suvidhaon mein seey ack haye. nagrik bajar key liye, yeh vyaparik jahaajon aur anya nagrik jalayanon key saath-saath bandargaahon aur bhaari udyogon key liye machinary kaa nirmaan kartaa haye. yeh raksha bajar key liye nausena shilp kaa bhee nirmaan kartaa haye.
heera udyog.
israel belgium aur bhaarat key saath polish kiye gaye heere key liye duniya key teen pramukh kendron mein seey ack haye. israel kaa shuddh polish kiya gayaa heera niryaat 2012 mein 22.8 pratishat gir gayaa kyonki polish kiya gayaa heera niryaat 2011 mein 7.2 arab dollar seey girkar 5.56 arab dollar hoe gayaa. kachche heere kaa shuddh niryaat 20.1 pratishat girkar 2.8 arab dollar hoe gayaa aur polish kiye gaye heere kaa shuddh niryaat 24.9 pratishat girkar 4.3 arab dollar hoe gayaa, jabaki shuddh polish kiya gayaa heera ayaat 12.9 pratishat girkar 3.8 arab dollar hoe gayaa. vaishvik vittiya sankat key kaaran, vishesh roop seey euro kshetra aur sanyukt raajya america key bheetar, shuddh niryaat aur ayaat mein girawat aaee haye. polish kiye gaye heere key liye sanyukt raajya america sabse badaa bajar haye joe kull niryaat bajar kaa 36 pratishat haye, jabaki haang kaang 28 pratishat key saath dusare sthaan parr haye aur belgium 8 pratishat key saath teesare sthaan parr haye. cutt heere israel key sabse badey niryaat utpaad they, jisamen sabhi niryaaton kaa 23.2% shamil thaa.
raksha anubandh.
israel duniya key pramukh sainya upkaranon key niryatakon mein seey ack haye, joe 2007 mein duniya key kull kaa 10 pratishat haye. teen israeli companiyon koo 2010 key stockholm antarrashtriya shaanti anusandhaan sansthaan key sheersh 100 hathiyar-utpaadak aur sainya seva companiyon key soochkaank mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaah albit system, israel aerospace udyog aur rafale. israel mein raksha udyog ack ranneetik roop seey mahatvapurna kshetra haye aur desh key bheetar ack badaa niyokta haye. yeh vaishvik hathiyar bajar mein bhee ack pramukh khilaadi haye aur 2012 taka duniya mein 11vaan sabse badaa hathiyar niryaatak haye. 2004 aur 2011 key beach kull hathiyar hastaantaran samjhaute 12.9 arab dollar key sheersh parr hain. desh mein 150 seey adhik sakriya raksha companiyan hain jinka sanyukt rajaswa salana 3.5 arab dollar seey adhik haye. israel key raksha upkaranon kaa niryaat 7 arab yuu. aiss. dollar taka pahunch gayaa haye.aiss. 2012 mein dollar, jisase yeh 2011 mein raksha seey sambandhit niryaat kii raashi seey 20 pratishat adhik hoe gayaa. adhikansh niryaat sanyukt raajya america aur europe koo beche jaate hain. israel key raksha upkaran khareedane vaale anya pramukh kshetron mein dakshin poorv asia aur lattin america shamil hain. bhaarat israel key hathiyaron key niryaat key liye bhee pramukh desh haye aur duniya mein israel kaa sabse badaa hathiyar bajar banaa huaa haye. israel koo duniya kaa agrani yuu. aeye. vee. niryaatak maanaa jaataa haye. stockholm antarrashtriya shaanti anusandhaan sansthaan key anusaar, israel kii raksha companiyan 2001-2011 mein niryaat kiye gaye sabhi drone key 41 pratishat key peechhe theen. 2021 mein israel kaa raksha niryaat bikri mein 11.2 arab dollar taka pahunch gayaa. abraham samjhaute mein shamil honey vaale arab deshon koo niryaat sabhi israel raksha niryaat kaa 7 pratishat thaa.
paryatan.
israel ack pramukh paryatan sthal haye, vishesh roop seey yahudi vansh key logon key liye, 2019 mein desh kaa daura karane vaale 4.55 million videshi paryatakon key saath (prati dou israeliyon mein lagbhag ack paryatak), 2016 key baad seey 25 pratishat kii vriddhi darr praapt kii aur arthavyavastha mein 20 billion dollar kaa yogdan diyaa, jisase yeh usa samay ack sarvakaalik record bunn gayaa. sabse lokpriya bhugtan kii jaane vaali site masala haye.
baahari vyaapaar.
2016 mein, israel key saamanon kaa kull niryaat 55.8 arab dollar thaa. isane usee varsh 61.9 arab dollar moolya key saman kaa ayaat kiya. 2017 mein kull niryaat (vastu aur sevaayen) hamari kull aaya $1 billion thee, jabaki ayaat kull 96.7 billion dollar thaa.
israel aamtaur parr vastuon mein mamuli vyaapaar ghaata rakhta haye. isake mukhya vastuon key ayaat mein kachcha maal, kachcha tail, utpaadan nivesh aur taiyar upabhokta vastuen shamil hain. isake adhikansh niryaat uchch moolya vaali vastuein hain jaise kii electronic ghatak aur anya uchch praudyogiki upkaran, upkaran aur machinary, katey hue heere, parishkrit petrochemicals aur davaaen. yeh aam taur parr paryatan aur seva udyogon jaise software vikas, engineering sevaaon aur jaiv chikitsa aur vaigyaanik anusandhaan aur vikas key kaaran sevaaon mein paryaapt vyaapaar adhishesh daaltaa haye. isaliye, samagr roop seey baahari vyaapaar sakaratmak haye, joe ack mahatvapurna chaalu khaate key adhishesh mein yogdan detaa haye joe 2017 taka sakal gharelu utpaad kaa 4.7% thaa.
sanyukt raajya america israel kaa sabse badaa vyaparik bhagidar haye, aur israel sanyukt raajya america kaa 26vaan sabse badaa vyaparik bhagidar haye; 2010 mein dou-tarfa vyaapaar kull lagbhag $24.5 billion thaa, joe 1997 mein $12.7 billion thaa.aiss. israel koo niryaat mein computer, ekikrit paripath, vimaan key purje aur anya raksha upkaran, gehuun aur automobile shamil hain. yuu. aeye. koo israel kaa mukhya niryaat.aiss. inmein katey hue heere, gahane, ekikrit paripath, mudran machinary aur dursanchar upkaran shamil hain. donon deshon ney 1985 mein ack mukt vyaapaar samjhaute (aff. tii. aeye.) parr hastakshar kiye, jisane agale duss varshon mein donon deshon key beach vyaapaar kii jaane vaali adhikansh vastuon parr shulk koo uttarottar samaapt curr diyaa. navambar 1996 mein ack krishi vyaapaar samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye gaye they, jisamen aff. tii. aeye. mein shamil naheen kiye gaye shesh saamanon koo sambodhit kiya gayaa thaa. halanki, kuchh gair-shulk baadhaaen aur vastuon parr shulk baney hue hain. israel key europeeya sangh aur kanada key saath vyaapaar aur sahyog samjhaute bhee hain, aur turkey, jorden aur purvi europe key kaee deshon sahit kaee anya deshon key saath iss tarah key samjhaute karane kii maang curr rhaa haye.
kshetriya sandarbh mein, europeeya sangh israel key niryaat key liye sheersh gantavya haye. octuber 2011 aur janwari 2012 key beach kii chaar maheene kii avadhi mein, israel ney europeeya sangh koo kull 5 arab dollar kii vastuon kaa niryaat kiya-joe israel key kull niryaat kaa 35 pratishat haye. isi avadhi key dauran, purvi asia aur sudur poorv mein israel kaa niryaat lagbhag 3.1 arab dollar thaa.
1995 taka, arab leag bahishkaar key kaaran arab duniya key saath israel kaa vyaapaar nyuntam thaa, joe 1945 mein philistine key yahudi samudaay key khilaf shuru kiya gayaa thaa. arab rashtron ney naa kewal israel (praathamik bahishkaar) key saath pratyaksh vyaapaar karane seey incar curr diyaa, balki unhone israel (maadhyamik bahishkaar) mein sanchaalit kissy bhee nigam key saath vyaapaar karane seey bhee incar curr diyaa, yaa kissy bhee nigam key saath vyaapaar karane vaale kissy bhee nigam key saath vyaapaar karane seey bhee incar curr diyaa joe israel (tritiyak bahishkaar) key saath vyaapaar kartaa thaa.
2013 mein, israel aur philistine key kshetron key beach vaanijyik vyaapaar kaa moolya salana 20 arab americi dollar thaa.
2012 mein, duss companiyan israel key niryaat key 47.7% key liye jimmedaar theen. yeye companiyaan intell israel, albit system, tail refineries limitted, tewa pharmaceuticals, iskar, israel chemicals, makhteshim agaan, paaz tail company, israel aerospace industries aur havelet-paccard kaa indigo division theen. baink off israel aur israel key niryaat sansthaan ney chetavani dee haye kii desh bahut cumm sankhya mein niryatakon parr nirbhar haye.
ranking.
2016 seey 2017 kii vaishvik pratispardha report mein israel koo duniya kii doosari sabse naveen arthavyavastha key roop mein sthaan diyaa gayaa haye. yeh sanyukt rashtra key maanav vikas soochkaank mein 189 vishva deshon mein 19vein sthaan parr thaa. 2018 taka, aarthik jatilata soochkaank mein 133 deshon mein seey israel 20vein sthaan parr haye. 2016 kii aaee. aim. dee. vishva pratispardha vaarshik pustak ney sarvekshan kii gaee 61 arthvyavasthaon mein seey israel kii arthavyavastha koo duniya kii 21veen sabse pratispardhi arthavyavastha key roop mein sthaan diyaa. sankaton key beach israel kii arthavyavastha koo duniya kii sabse tikaau arthavyavastha key roop mein sthaan diyaa gayaa thaa, aur darr anusandhaan aur vikas kendra nivesh mein bhee ise pahale sthaan parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. baink off israel koo apane kushal kaary key liye kendriya bainkon mein pahale sthaan parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, joe 2009 mein 8vein sthaan parr thaa. kushal shramshakti kii aapoorti mein bhee israel koo pahale sthaan parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. israel kii companiyon ney, vishesh roop seey uchch takneek kshetra mein, wall street aur anya vishva vittiya baajaron mein dhana jutaane mein kaafee safalata praapt kii haih israel yuu. aiss. parr soochibaddh apani companiyon kii sankhya mein videshi deshon mein dusare sthaan parr haye.aiss. stock exchange.
1980 key dashak key madhya aur 1990 key dashak kii shuruat seey samajwadi aarthik model seey door jaane key baad, israel ney mukt-bajar poonjiwadi pratimaan kii or naatakiya kadam uthaaye hain. israel kaa aarthik swatantrata score 74 haye, joe isaki arthavyavastha koo aarthik swatantrata key 2020 key soochkaank mein 26vaan sabse swatantra banaata haye. vishva baink key vyaapaar karane mein aasaani soochkaank mein israel 35vein sthaan parr haye. israel kii aarthik pratispardha mein sampatti adhikaaron kii majboot suraksha, apekshaakrit cumm bhrashtachar key star aur vaishvik vyaapaar aur nivesh key liye uchch khulepan seey madad milati haye. aaya aur corporate curr kii darein apekshaakrit adhik rahati hain. antarrashtriya paardarshita bhrashtachar dhaarana soochkaank mein israel, 17 deshon mein seey 35vein sthaan parr haye. israel mein rishwatkhori aur bhrashtachar key anya roop avaidh hain, joe 2008 seey oh. key. dee. rishwat samjhaute kaa hastaksharkarta haye.

