
africa mein shahari rail pargaman

africa mein shahari rail pargaman teji seey shaharikaran key kaaran pargaman key badhate roop key roop mein ubhara haye joe haal key dashakon mein poore mahadweep mein huaa haye. inmein seey kuchh pargaman pranaaliyan purani aur adhik vikasit hain, jaise kii carro mein metro joe 1987 mein kholi gaee thee. anya jaise kii adees ababa mein light-rail pranali bahut haal hii mein haye, joe 2015 mein kholi gaee thee. light-rail, rapid-transit aur commuter-rail aadi seey laker vibhinn prakaar kii takneekon kaa upayog kiya jaa rhaa haye. africa mein kaee dashakon seey rail buniyaadi dhaanche mein nyuntam nivesh dekhaa gayaa, lekin haal key varshon mein shahari jansankhya vriddhi aur behtar vittaposhan vikalpon key kaaran, rail network mein nivesh badhaa haye.
prishthabhoomi.
african bhaari rail aupaniveshik kaal kii ack kalaakriti haye, jahan upaniveshkaari rashtron ney africa kii vijay koo aage badhaane key liye inn network kaa nirmaan kiya thaa. aupaniveshik shaktiyon ney inn network kaa upayog apane dwara vikasit karyon seey nikaale gaye sansadhanon key parivahan key liye bhee kiya. inn rail networkon ney africa key pramukh kshetron koo paar curr liya, lekin swatantrata avadhi key saath yeye network mahadweep mein naee seemaon key kaaran toot gaye. inn networkon mein agale kuchh dashakon mein cumm maang aur nivesh key nimn star key kaaran girawat aaee. african sarkaaron key kaee anya pahaluon kii tarah, yeye bhee atee-karmchari bunn gaye.
haal key dashakon mein, khanan aur tail khodane jaise nishkarshan udyogon key vikas key saath sambhaavit aarthik vikas kaa koee upayog naheen kiya gayaa haye. inmein seey kaee khadaanen african aantarik kshetra mein kaee bhoomi-bund deshon mein sthit hain. sadak parivahan key liye paryavaraniya nuksan key baare mein jagrook rashtra aur videshi abhineta africa mein rail pargaman kii kshamata koo mahsoos curr rahey hain. aarthik protsaahan key alawa, shaharikaran duniya bhar key badey shaharon key vikas koo badhaava dey rhaa haye. lagos, nairobi, carro, kinshasa, luanda, daar aiss salaam, johannesburg aur abidjan aadi.yaa tou africa key sabhi badey shahar hain joe yaa tou pahale seey hii 1 karod logon parr hain, yaa jald hii usa sankhya koo paar karane key raaste parr hain. haal key varshon mein shahari rail pranaliyon aur adhik paaramparik bhaari rail donon mein vriddhi hui haye.
uttari africa.
misra.
misra carro metro kaa ghar haye, joe african mahadweep kii sabse purani rail pargaman pranali haye, joe 1987 mein kholi gaee thee. surangon key liye rashtriya pradhikaran 1983 mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, joe carro metro kii dekhrekh kartaa haye. yeh teen lines seey banaa haye, pahali line 1987 mein kholi gaee thee. sabse halia line, teesari line 2024 taka poori kii jaani chaahiye. iss teesari line kaa nirmaan francisi aur europeeya sangh key vitt poshan seey sambhav thaa, lekin vartamaan mein chauthi, paanchvin aur chhathi line key liye yojanaaen hain. vartamaan rail network pratidin lagbhag 40 laakh logon koo sambhalata haye, aur lagbhag 110 kii. mee. track parr chalata haye. carro metro vartamaan mein hundai rotem seey rolling stock kaa upayog karati haye, jisamen metro ney 2012,2017 aur 2019 mein order diye hain. yeh ack maanak gaze track parr chalati haye.
carro mein ack ell. aar. tii. pranali bhee haye, joe 2022 mein kholi gaee thee, joe ell. aar. tii. aur uchch gati rail key beach adaan-pradaan parr samaapt honey seey pahale shahar key purvi upnagaron aur naee prashaasnik rajdhani kii seva karati haye.
algeria.
algeria mein ack metro pranali haye, halanki yeh ack bahut hii naee pranali haye. ise mool roop seey 1980 mein aage rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin 2011 mein khulane seey pahale kuchh dashakon key liye roque diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh 18.8 kimmy lamba haye, aur chaudah trains parr chalata haye. algeria mein mahatvapurna tail bhandar hain joe desh mein tail kii kimaton koo bahut cumm karate hain, jisase kaar kaa upayog uchch star parr hotaa haye. algiers uttar africa kaa sabse badaa shahar haye, aur ise sadakon parr kaaron kii sankhya key liye design naheen kiya gayaa haye; grid lock ney pariyojanaon kii ack shrinkhala parr teji seey metro vistaar koo badhaava diyaa haye. kaee pariyojanaaen chala rahee hain aur 2020 key dashak key shuruati bhaag mein khulane kii ummeed haye.
tunisia.
tunisia kii rajdhani, tunis ack vikaasheel prakaash-rail pranali kaa ghar haye. yeh ateet mein bhee maujood thaa, lekin "kaar sanskriti" key aagaman key saath ise hataa diyaa gayaa thaa."1985 mein prakaash-rail pranali vaapas aaee. yeh paanch lines seey bunny haye, aur haal key varshon mein isamen sudhaar huaa haye. aeye. aff. dee., ee. aaee. bee., francisi sarkaar seey videshi vitt poshan key sanyojan key liye dhanyavaad, tunisian sarkaar inn sudhaaron aur vistaaron koo karane mein saksham rahee haye. halanki tunis vishesh roop seey badaa shahar naheen haye, isaki buss pranali adhik bharee hui hoe gaee thee, aur shahar key kendra mein vyaapak yatayat thaa.
morakko.
casablanca algier yaa tunis kii tulanaa mein adhik jatil haye, taaki upnagariya kshetron koo casablanca key shahar seey jodaa jaa sakey, 100 kimmy seey adhik patariyon key saath chaar tramway lines kii ack pranali, aur 124 trains key saath-saath brt (buss rapid transit) kii dou lines koo hassil kiya gayaa haye, shahar mein bhavishya kii monorail pranali kii pariyojanaaen hain lekin abb taka koee pragati naheen hui haye. 
paschim africa.
nigeria.
abuja.
nigeria kii rashtriya rajdhani, abuja, africa aur duniya key sabse teji seey badhate shaharon mein seey ack haye. sanyukt rashtra key anusaar, 2000 aur 2010 key beach abuja mein 139.7% kii vriddhi hui, jisase yeh duniya kaa sabse teji seey badhata shahar bunn gayaa.
yeh shahar cumm seey cumm 35 pratishat kii vaarshik vriddhi kaa anubhav curr rhaa haye, joe african mahadweep parr sabse teji seey badhate shahar aur duniya mein sabse teji seey badhate shahar mein seey ack key roop mein apani sthiti banaae hue haye. 2016 taka, abuja kaa mahanagariya kshetra anumaanit 60 laakh logon kaa haye, joe ise nigeria mein sabse adhik aabaadi vaale metro kshetra key roop mein kewal lago seey peechhe rakhta haye. abuja rail maas transit jise aamtaur parr abuja light rail key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, nigeria key sanghiya rajdhani kshetra mein ack kshetriya rail parivahan pranali haye. yeh desh aur paschim africa mein pahali twarit pargaman pranali haye aur upa-sahaara africa mein doosari aisee pranali haye (adees ababa light rail key baad). pariyojana kaa pahala charan shahar key kendra koo namdi azikiwe antarrashtriya havaai adde seey jodata haye, joe idu mein abuja-kaduna railway station parr rukta haye. abuja metro line 12 julaai 2018 koo shuru kii gaee thee aur agale saptah yaatriyon key liye khol dee gaee thee.
lagos.
nigeria kaa aarthik kendra, lagos duniya bhar mein sabse teji seey badhate metro kshetron mein seey ack haye. anya metro kshetron key vipareet haal hii mein taka lago mein saamoohik pargaman kaa koee roop naheen thaa. pichhale dashak mein chean apani mahatvakankshi belt aur road pahal mein, vishesh roop seey nigeria mein pramukh rhaa haye. iss nivesh key liye chean kaa vaahan niryaat-ayaat baink aur chean sivil engineering nirmaan company (see. see. ee. see.) seey rinn key madhyam seey haye. lagos key 25 million kii aabaadi taka pahunchane kaa anuman thaa, jisase yeh prithvi parr sabse badey metro kshetron mein seey ack bunn jaayega. 2008 mein buss-tej pargaman shuru kiya gayaa thaa, lekin isaki kshamata seemit thee. 2009 mein "light-rail" key liye ack adhik mahatvakankshi pariyojana shuru kii gaee thee, nigeria vartamaan mein dou lines koo vikasit karane parr kendrit haye, joe pratidin 500,000 yaatriyon koo leey jaane kaa anuman haye. lagos mein ack lagoon aur atlantic tata kii upasthiti key kaaran mahatvapurna paani kii upasthiti key saath halki-rail jatil haye, lekin parivahan key vibhinn sadhanon key beach nirbaadh sankraman key liye nirmaan kaa samanvaya kiya jaa rhaa haye.
coat dee 'ivor.
sabse badaa shahar aur aarthik kendra abidjan, paschim africa mein pahali metro pranaliyon mein seey ack kaa swaagat karane key liye taiyar haye, 2019 mein ack francisi company key saath ack samjhaute parr hastakshar curr rhaa haye. halanki nirmaan 2020 taka shuru naheen hoga. pariyojana mein kuchh deree hui haye kyonki isaki shuruat 2015 mein kii gaee thee, lekin abb seva 2022 mein shuru honey kii ummeed haye. france ney vaastav mein 1.4 arab euro kii laagat seey poori pariyojana key vittaposhan kii peshkash kii haye. abidjan kii bhautik prakriti key kaaran, jisamen kaee dweep aur praaydweep hain, metro pariyojana key liye buniyaadi dhaanche key mahatvapurna nirmaan kii aavashyakta haye. iss pariyojana koo puuraa karane key liye kull milakar 24 pulon, lagoon parr 1 pull, 34 paidal chalane vaale pulon aur 8 underpasses key nirmaan kii aavashyakta hogi."yeh shuru mein 18 stations aur prati dinn 500,000 savaaron kii kshamata key saath ack line honey key liye nirdhaarit haye. anya francisi samarthit pariyojanaon key samaan alstom koo bhautik train-sett key liye anubandh diyaa gayaa thaa.
madhya africa.
cameroon.
cameroon kaa sabse badaa shahar, daula lagbhag 28 laakh logon kaa ghar haye; kaee anya african shaharon kii tarah yeh teji seey vikas darr aur yatayat kii bheed seey gujar rhaa haye. daula key nivaasiyon koo kuchh raahat mill rahee haye, kyonki biyaa sarkaar aur ack belgium aur turkey company ack tramway banaane key liye sahmat hui haye. pilot pariyojana 2021 mein shuru honey key liye taiyar haye, lekin ack badey paanch line traum network kaa hissa banane kii yojana haye. anya antim lines key nirmaan mein teji laane key liye, pariyojana paaramparik rail key samaan 1,000 mimi gaze track kaa upayog karegi. yeh cameroon mein maujooda rail buniyaadi dhaanche key nirmaan key liye train aur traum kaa ack mishrit upayog network banaayega. cameroon kii rajdhani younde bhee ack tramway key liye patari parr haye, jise usee belgium aur turkey company dwara banaaya gayaa haye joe vartamaan mein daula pilot network kaa nirmaan curr rahee haye.
purvi africa.
tanzania.
daar aiss salaam tanzania kaa aarthik kendra haye. 2012 mein, isane trainy yaa mwakimbe yatri rail pranali kaa swaagat kiya, joe prati dinn kull 30,000 yaatriyon kii seva curr sakati haye. daar aiss salaam koo dekhate hue 2035 taka 13.4 laakh taka pahunchane kaa anuman haye, yeh yatri rail pranali kewal ack boond haye. ack tarfa tikat kii keemat $0.25, yaa $0.50 round trip haye. kaee anya african shaharon kii tarah ack metro pariyojana key nirmaan key bajaay daar aiss salaam ack bee. aar. tii. pranali banaane parr kendrit haye. daar aiss salaam kaee anya teji seey badhate shahari kendron key samaan mahatvapurna yatayat samasyaon kaa saamana curr rhaa haye. daar aiss salaam key aakar key kaaran, kuchh yatri bahut hii anaupchaarik "dalla" dalla "mini bason dwara pratyek dinn dou ghante taka kaa samay bitaate hain. daar aiss salaam mein parivahan aur adhik baadhit haye, kyonki rajmarg network koo kewal 35,000 logon koo sambhaalane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa joe aupaniveshik yug key dauran banaae gaye they.
ethiopia.
ethiopian sarkaar ney mool roop seey 2006 mein iss pariyojana kaa prastaav rakhaa thaa, isaliye iss pariyojana koo jaldi seey lagu kiya gayaa thaa, 2015 mein khola gayaa thaa. haalaanki 2015 mein khola gayaa thaa, lekin 2017 taka iss parr bahut cumm dhyaan diyaa gayaa thaa. vartamaan antarrashtriya daataa aur agencies sthaayi roop seey vikas karane mein ruchi rakhti hain, isaliye african shaharon parr bhaari dhyaan diyaa gayaa haye. inn pariyojanaon mein kaar utsarjan koo cumm karane, yatayat grid lock koo cumm karane aur parivahan equity mein sudhaar karane key ghoshit lakshyon key saath adees ababa shamil thaa. chean, france key saath donon ney haal key varshon mein shahari rail lines key vikas parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye, chean vaastav mein iss pariyojana mein bahut shamil thaa. chean ney apane cheeni niryaat-ayaat baink key madhyam seey iss pariyojana key liye 85 pratishat dhana pradaan kiya, jaise kii chean key samaan anubandhon key madhyam seey poore system koo ethiopia mein sanchaalit aur nirmit kiya. edis ababa light-rail mein vartamaan mein dou laainen hain, jisamen lagbhag 150,000 logon kii dainik sawari hoti haye. traum ney shahari failaav key mudde koo cumm karane mein madad kii haye, kyonki adees ababa aage aur aage badh gayaa haye. iss shahari vistaar key kaaran awagaman kaa samay lagaatar badh gayaa haye, lekin sabse lambi doori vaale logon key liye prakaash-rail pranali ney awagaman koo aasaan banaa diyaa haye. pichhale kuchh varshon mein iss pranali key saath vyaapak santushti rahee haye, lekin prateeksha-samay, tikat, bheedbhaad aur bahu-model awagaman seey sambandhit kuchh vaidh shikaayaten hain.
uganda.
uganda kii rajdhani kampala, adees ababa key samaan ack halki-rail pranali vikasit karane key liye kaam curr rahee haye. africa mein pariyojanaon key vyaapak vittaposhan mein chean bhee yahaan maujood haye. pahali line key nirmaan parr lagbhag 70 karod dollar kii laagat aaegi aur poori tarah seey cheeni niryaat-ayaat baink seey vittaposhit kiya jaayega. pahali line koo anya african shaharon kii tarah antim chaar line network kaa sirf ack hissa honey kii kalpana kii gaee haye, yeh pariyojana yaatriyon key liye bheed aur yatayat koo cumm karane kaa prayaas curr rahee haye. halke rail tikat kii kimaton koo pratispardhi banaane key liye, yeh kewal 500 shilling hogi, joe vartamaan mein maujood anaupchaarik buss network key tikat kii aadhi keemat haye. inn trains mein 350 logon kii kshamata rakhane kii yojana haye, joe teen alag-alag vargon seey bunny haye. yeh ummeed kii jaati haye kii trains harr aaee. dee. 1 minut mein chalengi, jisamen kull dainik savaariyon kii sankhya 720,000 hogi. vartamaan mein, lagbhag 70 pratishat dainik yatri kampala mein paidal yatra karate hain, jabaki anya anaupchaarik bason aur taxis kaa upayog karate hain.
mauritious.
port luis-metro express ack rail network haye jise 2016 mein mauritious dweep desh mein vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. pranali key nirmaan parr yeh ack aisee pranali banaane kii kalpana kartaa haye joe sulabh aur paryaavaran key anukool hoe. anya african deshon kii tulanaa mein yeh ack chhota network haye, lekin ack baar puuraa honey key baad kull 19 stations kii yojana banaai gaee haye. ack baar charam seva mein aaney parr isamen 55,000 logon kii dainik savaariyon kaa anuman haye. iss pariyojana koo poori tarah seey bhaarat dwara vitt poshit kiya jaa rhaa haye, joe kii iss mahadweep key vipareet haye, jahaan france aur chean rail kshetra mein nivesh karane mein haavi hain. port luis-metro express kaa nirmaan sarkaar dwara paryatan parr nirbhar rahane seey door jaane kii ack badee ranneeti kaa hissa haye, jabaki dweep parr bigadati yatayat sthiti koo bhee hull kartaa haye.
punarmilan.
maidagaskar key tata parr ack videshi francisi vibhaag, punarmilan koo halki-rail key saath kuchh anubhav haye. 2010 mein, ack badey network kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin antatah sarkari vitt poshan aur karyakari netritva key karobar key kaaran radd curr diyaa gayaa. 2019 mein, ack bahut chhoti pariyojana prastaavit kii gaee haye, joe 2022 mein poori honey vaali haye; isamen 18 station shamil honge joe mukhya roop seey tateey kshetron koo dweep key havaai adde seey jodenge.
dakshini africa.
angola.
luanda angola kii rajdhani aur sabse badaa shahar haye, joe desh kaa aarthik, raajneetik aur saanskritik kendra haye. luanda mein vartamaan mein shahari rail pargaman key dou alag-alag roop hain. vartamaan mein, luanda key purvi upnagaron key kuchh hisse mein ack niyamit yatri rail seva upalabdh haye, joe maujooda rail buniyaadi dhaanche key saath chalati haye. angolan grihyuddh key dauran network kaa adhikansh hissa badey paimaane parr kshatigrast hoe gayaa thaa, isaliye seva utani vyaapak naheen haye jitani hoe sakati haye, lekin ack cheeni firm koo railway marammat jaari rakhane key liye anubandhit kiya gayaa haye. ack halki-rail pariyojana kii parikalpana kii gaee haye, vartamaan mein, pariyojana ney 2019 mein vyavaharyata adhyayan paarit kiya haye. yeh pariyojana maujooda rail lines kaa poorak hogi aur lagbhag 149 kimmy rail lines key network key saath angola key adhik kshetron koo luanda seey jodegi. pariyojana key liye dhana aspasht haye, lekin sarkaar ney ashvasana diyaa haye kii hamein 3 arab dollar kaa vittaposhan praapt huaa haye, yeh mahadweep parr adhik mahangi halki-rail pariyojanaon mein seey ack haye. farwari 2020 mein, sarkaar ney light-rail network kaa nirmaan shuru karane key liye seamens mobility key saath ack saarvajanik-niji saajhedaari samjhaute parr hastakshar kiye.
dakshin africa.
dakshin africa mein mahadweep parr sabse vyaapak shahari rail network haye. transnet rashtriya company haye joe parivahan key sabhi sadhanon kii dekhrekh karati haye, dakshin africa mein koee bhee railway usa chhatra sangathan key tahat kaam kartaa haye. shahari rail yaa metro rail vishesh roop seey dakshin africa yaa prasa kii yatri rail agency key neeche haye. metro rail ack rashtriya pranali haye jisamen kull 478 station hain, halanki yeh pranali chaar alag-alag kshetron mein vibhajit haye. desh key sabhi pramukh kshetron mein metro rail kaa kuchh roop haye, udaaharan key liye gauteng metro rail kshetra gauteng praant seey mell khaata haye. yeh praant johannesburg aur pretoria kaa ghar haye, joe dakshin african raajya kii teen rajdhaniyon mein seey ack haye. cape town aur anya metro kshetron mein bhee apani-apani metro rail pranaaliyan hain. halanki metro rail koo network kaa sanchaalan karane kaa vyaapak anubhav haye, haal key varshon mein virodh, shram hadtaalon aur loot key kaaran yeh hamale key dayare mein aaa gayaa haye.