
richard leach madox

richard leach maddox (4 agast 1816-11 maee 1902) ack angreji photographer aur chikitsak they jinhone 1871 mein photography key liye halki gelatin nakaratmak sookhi plates kaa aavishkaar kiya thaa.
praarambhik jeevan.
richard leach maddox kaa janm 4 agast 1816 koo ingland key baath mein huaa thaa.
photomicographic adhyayan.
sookhi gelatin photographic payas kii khoj seey bahut pahale, maddox sookshmadarshi key neeche sookshm jeevon kii photo kheenchane vaale photomicrography mein pramukh thaa. usa samay key prakhyaat photomicrographer, lionel aiss. bell, maddox dwara banaai gaee ack agrabhag kii chhaviyon key roop mein apani niyamavali 'microscope key saath kaise kaam karein' mein shamil kiya gayaa haye'
halke gelatin sookhi plates kaa aavishkaar.
photography mein, collodian prakriya kaa aavishkaar 1851 mein fredrick scott tirandaj dwara kiya gayaa thaa. iss aavishkaar key liye ack chhavi banaane key liye kewal dou seey teen sekand key prakaash sampark kii aavashyakta thee, lekin plates koo sampark key samay samvedansheel honah padata thaa, jaba payas abhee bhee geela hotaa thaa, aur cameray mein sampark key turant baad sansaadhit kiya jaataa thaa.
jaba unhone dekhaa kii unakaa swaasthya 'geele' collodian key eather vaashp seey prabhaavit hoe rhaa thaa, tou maddox ney ack vikalp kii talash shuru curr dee. unhone 8 sitambar 1871 key british journal off photography key lekh "gelatino-bromide key saath ack prayog" mein sujhaav diyaa kii samvedansheel rasayan cademium bromide aur silver nitrate koo gelatin mein ack kaanch kii plate parr lepit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, joe candy banaane key liye upayog kiya jaane vaalaa ack pardarshi padaarth haye. antatah charles harper bennet ney bikri key liye pahali gelatin sookhi platein banaain; jald hii payas koo celluloid roll film parr lepit kiya jaa sakata haye.
sookhi plates koo pahale bhee azmaya jaa chuka thaah aur iska koee prabhaav naheen padaa. andey key safed rung seey praapt aur unnisvin shatabdi mein mudran-out kagaj mein vyaapak roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale albumen key ack bandhan key saath silver nitrate koo kaanch parr lepit kiya gayaa thaa; lekin yeye cameray key upayog key liye bahut asamvedansheel saabit hue. photo-theorist aur rung agrani thomas sutton dwara bhee gelatin kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa, aur sookshmadarshi slides mein upayog kiye jaane vaale ack holding/sanrakshan aadhar key roop mein isake upayog key madhyam seey iss padaarth koo madox-swayam ack prakhyaat sookshmadarshi vyavasaayi-key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa.
shuru mein maddox ney anya aadharon kaa prayaas kiya. unhone silver bromide koo "sabji key chipchipe padaarth" (lycane, alsi, queens) aur "starch vaale padaarth" (chawal, tapioca, sago) key saath jodaa. "aksar mujhe lagata thaa kii jaba darwaja bund hotaa haye tou main darwaaje key ander hii hotaa huun, aur anya yojanaon koo aajmaana padata haye."anta mein unhone" "nelson key gelatin daane" "key ack paiket seey gelatin kii koshish kii.
maddox ney kaee platein taiyar keen, unhein anya nakaratmak seey sampark-mudran karke ujagar kiya, aur pratyek koo ack alag exposure pareekshan key madhyam seey rakhaa. "parinamswarup print vistaar seey bahut najuk they, ack bister aur olive rung key beach alag-alag rung key, aur dhone key baad ack shandar satah parr sookh gaye. baad mein unhone "baahar key vishayon" parr parikshanon kaa varnan kiya, lekin "kaale aur safed key alawa kissy bhee cheez mein kuchh prashansa praapt karna asambhav thaa" (i.ee. gray-scale tone key binaa).
maddox ney mukt roop seey sookhi gelatin prakriya kii apani khoj duniya koo yeh kahate hue dee (doubleu koo. jey. harrison ney 1887 key ack patra mein kahaa thaa kii "[maine] iss vishay koo taba taka dhyaan mein laane key baare mein naheen socha thaa jaba taka kii ise paalane seey naheen uthaaya gayaa thaa. maddox, aavishkaar key praarambhik charan mein, shayed apani sookshmadarshi plates seey kewal 'lalten slide' sampark-pratilipi kaa utpaadan curr sakata thaa, dheemi gati camera lens chhaviyon key liye avyavahaarik thee.
yeye mool they jinhone photographic payas key laghukaran aur anukoolan kshamata kaa netritva kiya, aur parinamswarup samajik aur action photography aur chhayankan kaa maarg prashast kiya.
sookhi plate key faayade spasht theh photographer ack mobile dark room mein apane swayam key payas taiyar karane key bajaay shelf seey vaanijyik sookhi plates kaa upayog curr sakate they. nakaratmakta koo turant vikasit karane kii aavashyakta naheen thee. saath hii, pahali baar, camers koo itna chhota banaaya jaa sakata thaa kii unhein haath seey pakada jaa sakey, yaa yahaan taka kii chhipaaya bhee jaa sakeh aage key shodh ney 'tej' exposure samay banaaya, jisake kaaran 'snapshot' photography (aur roll film key saath 'kodak' camera) hui, joe antatah cinematography kaa maarg prashast kartaa haye.
parivaar.
maddox aur unaki pahali patni, amelia, kii shaadi 1849 mein constantinople mein hui thee. way lagbhag 1860 seey southampton key woolston kshetra mein rahate they-ack aisaa kshetra jahan kaee chikitsak sthit they, kyonki haal hii mein nirmit sainya aspatal key aspas key kshetra mein netley mein. 1871 mein amelia kii mrityu hoe gaee.
1875 mein, maddox ney apani doosari patni, agness seey shaadi kii. isi varsh way corsica key liye ravaana hue, aur phir kuchh samay key liye bordighera mein rahey. iss shaadi seey maddox key bete, walter kaa janm 1880 mein southampton mein huaa thaa. usa tarikh seey pahale, maddox landan key gunnersbury mein reh rahey they.
abhyaas mein rukein.
yeh kharaab swaasthya thaa jisane phir seey maddox key prayogon koo roque diyaa. lekin phir bhee yeh ack ajib tathya haye kii unhein 1871 mein apane nishkarshon koo prakaashit karane key liye raaji kiya gayaa thaa, isase pahale kii unhein lagaa kii unake pareekshan poore hoe gaye hain. iska kaaran yeh haye kii british journal off photography key sampaadak jey. trail teller beemar parh gayaa thaa aur usane apane doston seey yogdan key liye ack hatash appeal kii thee.
unake swaasthya kii sthiti key ack sanketak key roop mein, madox koo 1861 aur 1871 kii rashtriya janganana mein 'vartamaan mein abhyaas naheen karane' key roop mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa thaa. unaki betty ney likhaa, halanki, "vaha alag-alag samay parr montrose key divangat duke, swargiya surr watkins winn aur swargiya catherine bannerman key nivasi chikitsak they", joe behtar swaasthya kii avadhi kaa sanket detaa haye.
dair seey jeevan.
richard maddox key baad key varshon mein garibi aur kharaab swaasthya kii samasyaaen theen. navambar 1891 key photographic times ney "unake, joe abb mrit hain, key ack trusty dwara vishvaasghaat" key baare mein likhaa, halanki isake baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye. agale maheene andreau pringle ney americi shaukiya photographer koo ack patra bheja jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii "unake patan key varshon key liye joe kuchh bachaa thaa, uska adhikansh hissa ack beiman trusty dwara chheen liya gayaa thaa."apane dry-emulsion prayogon key sambandh mein vyavasaay key saath maddox key ekmatra sambhaavit sampark kaa pramaan, unakaa ullekh (1887 key harrison koo patra mein) haye kii kaise" "southampton mein ack firm koo prakriya kii peshkash kii gaee thee...lekin yeh paaya gayaa kii teji badhaane aur moolya badhaane key liye aavashyak prayogon koo jaari rakhane kaa samay naheen thaa."
1886 seey, maddox (unaki betty key anusaar) portwood, southampton mein 'greenbank' naamak ghar mein "sabse sevaanivritt tareeke seey" rahate they, aur 11 maee 1902 koo vahaan unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
aalochana aur puraskar.
saubhagya seey maddox key kaam koo kuchh hisson mein naheen bhulaaya gayaa thaa, aur jey. british journal off photography key tatkalin sampaadak trail teller 1891 mein 'dha maddox fund' aur 'maddox prashansaapatra samiti' kii sthaapana mein sakriya they. irada donon thaa kii maddox key aavishkaarak key roop mein daave kaa daavaa kiya jaae aur unhein kuchh aarthik sahaayata pradaan kii jaae-aur baad mein britten aur sanyukt raajya america donon mein pratikriya majboot thee. samiti key sachiv andreau pringle they aur adhyaksh james glasher they, joe grate britten kii photographic society key adhyaksh they.
1892 taka, 500 pound jutaaye jaa chuke they, aur ilford company seey 100 pound aur jutaaye gaye they. teller ney baad mein ack prati davedar mein johnn berges kii aalochana karate hue kahaa kii "dou saal baad maidan mein pravesh karna, aur phir bhee apani prakriya koo prakaashit naheen karna, joe aaj bhee ack rahasya haye."pringle ney likhaah" "dow. maddox ney vigyaan key liye joe kuchh bhee kiya haye, vaha binaa kissy pratiphal kii ummeed key, aur apani khojon koo aarthik laabh mein badalane key prayaas key binaa rhaa haye. isi tarah, americi shaukiya photographer key sampaadak ney usee maheene paaya kii "koee bhee sammaan itna badaa naheen haye kii vaha ack khojkarta koo pradaan curr sakey joe duniya koo apani prakriya dene mein itani udaartaa seey kaary kartaa haye.
maddox koo 1889 mein johnn scott padak aur 1901 mein royal photographic society key rajat pragati padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
mrityu.
1902 mein unaki mrityu key baad, maddox kii betty isabella ney likhaah "merey pitaa key chikitsa parichaarak, dow. wells ney kahaa kii yeh 'shareer parr munn kii jeet' thee jisane unhein itane lambe samay taka jeevit rakhaa thaa."british journal off photography key panchang mein shraddhanjali poori tarah seey gair-aalochanatmak naheen thee, yeh kahate hue kii" "prakriya kii vaastavik kathinaaiyon kaa saamana una logon dwara kiya gayaa thaa joe madox key baad aae they...jinake vichaar poori tarah seey vyaavhaarik naheen they."phir bhee shraddhanjali madox kii dusaron kii madad karane kii taiyari parr bhee jore detee haye" "apani poori kshamata key saath."richard maddox key dost, doubleu.jey. bolton ney lagbhag nau saal baad rasayan vigyaan kaa vishleshan kiya.
maddox key parivaar mein unake bachche isabella aur ack kalakar richard wills they, jinaki kramshah 1929 aur 1953 mein mrityu hoe gaee.

