
micronesian

micronesian yaa micronesian loga prashant mahasagar mein mahasagar key ack kshetra micronesia key mool nivasi vibhinn nikatata seey sambandhit jaatiya samooh hain. way austronesian jaatiya bhashai samooh kaa ack hissa hain, jiska taiwan mein ack euremat haye. 
micronesian key roop mein vargeekrit jaatiya-bhashai samoohon mein carolinian (uttari mariana dweep), chamoros (guam aur uttari mariana dweep), chooki, mortlocky, namonuto, pafang, puluvaat aur pollapage (chuk), aaee-kiribati (kiribati), kosre (kosre), marshley (marsh dweep), nauruan (nauru), palauan, sonorolis (palaau), ponpeyan, pingelaapeez, nagaatiki, mwokileez (ponpei), aur yapez, alithian, volian, satawali (yaap) shamil hain.
utpatti.
vartamaan vaigyaanik sahamati key aadhar parr, micronesians koo bhashai, puraataatvik aur maanav aanuvanshik sakshya dwara, samudra-pravaasi austronesian logon kaa ack upsamooh maanaa jaataa haye, jinamen polynesian aur melanesian shamil hain. austronesian pahale loga they jinhone samudra mein naukaayan takneekon (vishesh roop seey dohare-dhaale naukaayan dongiyon, baahari naukaaon, cralled-lugg naav nirmaan aur kekade key panje key paal) kaa aavishkaar kiya, jisane hind-prashant key dweepon mein unake teji seey failaav koo saksham banaaya. 2000 eesaa poorv seey austronatians ney apane pravaas maarg mein dweepon parr pahale kii aabaadi koo aatmasaat kiya (yaa aatmasaat kiya). yeh mishran nae ginny aur aspas key dweepon key uttari tata parr huaa, joe vaha sthaan thaa jahan lagbhag chaar hazaar saal pahale mahasagariya bhasha parivaar vikasit huaa thaa, iss kshetra kii austronesian bhaashaon key alag honey aur austronesian parivaar kii ack alag shakha banane key baad.
pravasiyon ney poorv aur paschim seey micronesia mein pravesh kiya. paschim seey pravaasi phillippeans aur indoneshiya seey aae they, aur lagbhag 3500 saal pahale mariana mein buss gaye they, jisake baad lagbhag 3000 saal pahale palaau mein buss gaye they.
poorv seey pravaasi purvi melanesia seey aae aur gilbert dweepon, marshal dweepon, purvi aur kendriya carolin dweepon, sonorol, pulo enaa, merir aur tobi mein buss gaye. poorv seey aae pravaasi lapita sanskriti seey sambandhit they aur shayed sainta cruze dweepon seey lagbhag eesaa poorv key aspas saikadon varshon key dauran purvi micronesia mein buss gaye. agali shataabdiyon mein, lapita pravasiyon dwara laaya gayaa mahasagariya bhasha sanskaran alag hoe gayaa aur mahasagariya bhaashaon kii sookshm shakha bunn gaee. johnn linch ney asthaayi roop seey micronesian bhaashaon aur melanesia kii wafadari dweepon kii bhaashaon key beach ack sambandh kaa prastaav rakhaa haye, lekin iss chetavani key saath kii "yeh kuchh aisaa haye jisaki aage achchi tarah seey jaanch kii jaa sakati haye, bhale hii yeh pushti karane key liye kii micronesian bhaashaon kii utpatti wafadari mein naheen hui thee."
yaap lagbhag 2000 saal pahale alag seey basaaya gayaa thaa, kyonki isaki bhasha melanesia mein ack mahasagariya bhashi srot dwara laaee gaee thee, shayed nausena dweep. 
puraataatvik saakshyon seey pataa chalaa haye kii kuchh bonin dweep pragaitihasik roop seey ack agyaat micronesian jaatiyata key sadasyon dwara basey hue they.
jaatiya samoohon kii soochi.
micronesian logon koo dou saanskritik samoohon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye, uchch-dweep aur nimn-dweep. palauan, chamoro, yapez, chookies, ponpeyan, kosrean aur nauruan uchch dweep samooh seey sambandhit hain. nichale dweepon (atole) key nivasi marshley aur kiribati hain, jinaki sanskriti uchch dweepon seey alag haye. nimn-dweepon mein bachane key saadhan key roop mein behtar nauvahan aur dongi praudyogiki thee. uchch dweepon key nivaasiyon key paas vishvasaniya aur prachur matra mein sansadhanon taka pahunch thee aur unhein apane dweepon key baahar adhik yatra karane kii aavashyakta naheen thee. uchch dweepon mein bhee badee aabaadi thee.
banaban.
raveya caine sigra kaa daavaa haye kii banaban, banaba key mool nivasi, anya aaee-kiribati seey jaatiya roop seey alag hain. banabanon koo 1900 mein jabaran pravaas aur phosphat kii khoj key bhaari prabhaav key madhyam seey aatmasaat kiya gayaa thaa. 1945 key baad, british adhikaariyon ney adhikansh aabaadi koo rubby dweep, fiji mein sthanantarit curr diyaa, jisake baad 1977 mein pravaas kii laharen aaeen, aur 1981 seey 1983 taka. kuchh banaban baad mein laut aae, 1979 mein khanan key anta key baad; 2001 mein dweep parr lagbhag 300 reh rahey they. 2010 kii janganana mein banaban kii aabaadi 295 thee. fiji aur anya deshon mein banaban vansh key anumaanit 6,000 loga hain.
banaban banban bhasha bolate they, joe gilberty bhasha mein badalaav key kaaran vilupt hoe gaee haye, jise isai missionaryon dwara pesh kiya gayaa haye, jinhone bible kaa gilberty mein anuvaad kiya aur banabanon koo ise padhane key liye protsaahit kiya. aaj mool banban bhasha key kewal kuchh shabd hii bache hain. aaj, banaban gilberties kii banaban bolly bolate hain, jisamen purani banaban bhasha key shabd shamil hain.
carolinian loga.
aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii carolinian logon key poorvaj mool roop seey lagbhag 2,000 saal pahale asiai mukhya bhoomi aur indoneshiya seey micronesia mein pravaas curr gaye honge. unaki praathamik bhasha carolinian haye, jise mool vaktaaon dwara "refaluwasch" kahaa jaataa haye, jisamen kull lagbhag 5,700 vaktaa hain. carolinians kaa ack matrisattatmak samaaj haye jisamen sammaan unake dainik jeevan mein ack bahut hii mahatvapurna kaarak haye, vishesh roop seey matrisattatmak logon key prati. adhikansh carolinian roman catholic dharm key hain.
19veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein carolinians kaa saipan mein aapravaasan shuru huaa, jaba spanish ney sthaaniya camoro mool nivaasiyon kii aabaadi koo kewal 3,700 taka cumm curr diyaa. way jyaadaatar anya dweepon seey chhoti dongiyon seey naukaayan karane lagey, joe pahale ack toofaan ney tabah curr diyaa thaa. carolinian kaa rung deshi camoros kii tulanaa mein bahut gahara hotaa haye.
camoro loga.
chamoro loga mariana dweepon key swadeshi loga hain, joe raajneetik roop seey sanyukt raajya america key guam kshetra aur micronesia mein uttari mariana dweepon key sanyukt raajya rashtramandal key beach vibhajit hain. aamtaur parr aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii chamoro lagbhag 2000 eesaa poorv mein dakshin poorv asia seey aae they. way paschim mein phillippeans aur taiwan key anya austroneshiyai mool nivaasiyon key saath-saath dakshin mein carolin seey bhee sabse adhik nikatata seey sambandhit hain.
camoro bhasha austronesian parivaar key malaayo-polynesian upsamooh mein shamil haye. kyonki guam koo 300 seey adhik varshon taka spen dwara upaniveshit kiya gayaa thaa, kaee shabd spanish bhasha seey praapt hotey hain. paaramparik camoro sankhya pranali koo spanish sankhyaon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
chooki loga.
chukz loga chook raajya kaa ack jaatiya samooh hain. way micronesia key sanghiya raajyon kii aabaadi kaa 48 pratishat hain. unaki bhasha chukzi haye. chuk key ghar key pravaaldweep koo poorv naam "truke" seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
chooki sanskriti mein, purushon seey apane parivaar kii raksha karane aur unaki raksha karane kii apeksha kii jaati thee. way apane kabile, vansh kii pehchaan aur sampatti key bahut rakshak they. ladaai seey peechhe hatna mardana naheen maanaa jaataa haye.
kiribati loga.
kiribati loga, jinhen aaee-kiribati, tungaru yaa gilberty key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, kiribati key mool nivasi hain. way gilberty bhasha bolate hain. 2008 taka inki sankhya 103,000 thee.
cosrance.
kosre yaa kusian kosre key mool nivasi hain. way kosarian bhasha bolate hain. 2013 taka inki sankhya lagbhag 8400 thee.
marshley loga.
marshley loga (maarshaleeh "kajur ree-majel", "laal ree-majel") marsh dweepon key swadeshi nivasi hain. 2013 taka unaki sankhya 70,000 thee. marshley samaaj koo teen samajik vargon mein sangathit kiya gayaa thaa, "iroji" pramukh yaa bhoomi malik thaa joe kaee kulon kaa netritva kartaa thaa, "alaap" kabile kaa prabandhan kartaa thaa aur "reserbal" (karyakarta) aam loga they joe bhoomi parr kaam karate they. teenon samajik vargon ney ack-dusare key saath achchha vyavhaar kiya aur aapsi sammaan key saath vyavhaar kiya.
nauruan.
nauruwasi prashant dweep nauru mein rahane vaale ack jaatiya samudaay hain. way sambhavatah anya prashant logon kaa mishran hain.
nauruan logon kii utpatti abhee taka antim roop seey nirdhaarit naheen kii gaee haye. ise sambhavatah antim malaayo-prashant maanav pravaas (see. 1200). yeh shayed samudri yatra yaa jahaaj seey tootane vaale polynesian yaa melanesian they jinhone khud koo nauru mein sthaapit kiya kyonki pahale seey hii ack swadeshi loga maujood naheen they, jabaki micronesian pahale seey hii iss kshetra mein melaneshiyanon key saath paar curr chuke they.
palauns.
palauan yaa belauan (palaauaanah "belau", "nagukokal aeye belau")-palaau key mool nivasi loga hain. 2013 taka unaki sankhya lagbhag 26,600 thee. anya sookshm deshon key logon kii tulanaa mein palauan lambi doori key mahaan yatri aur navik honey key liye prasiddh naheen hain. taaro unaki kheti kaa kendra haye, halanki breadfruit kaa prateekaatmak mahatva haye.
ponpean.
ponpeyan yaa ponapian ponpei key mool nivasi hain. unaki sankhya lagbhag 28,000 haye. way ponpeyan bhasha bolate hain.
ponpean aitihaasik samaaj koo paanch janjaatiyon, vibhinn kulon aur upa-kulon mein uchch sanrachit kiya gayaa thaa; pratyek janjaati kaa netritva dou pramukh pramukh karate they. janjaatiyon koo samanti aadhar parr sangathit kiya gayaa thaa. siddhant roop mein, "sabhi bhoomi pramukhon kii thee, jinhen niyamit roop seey curr diyaa jaataa thaa aur jinka shasson poorna thaa."pramukhon dwara prashaasit dandon mein mrityu aur nirvaasan shamil they. adiwasi yuddhon mein lootpaat, gharon aur dongiyon kaa vinash aur kaidiyon kii hatyaa shamil thee.
sonorolis.
sonoroli chooki samooh key ack chhote seey micronesian loga hain, joe palaau dweep rashtra mein pulo annaa, merir aur sonorol dweepon mein rahate hain. ack chhota saa anupaat uttari mariana dweepon aur micronesia key sanghiya raajyon donon mein rahata haye. sonorol bhasha key loga tobian seey bhashai roop seey sambandhit hain aur chooki bhasha samooh key sabse paschimi pratinidhi hain. adhikansh sonoroli loga coror key paas acheng gaanv mein rahate hain, jahan way aarthik karanon seey chaley gaye they.
sonorolis bhashai aur saanskritik roop seey carolinian seey sabse adhik nikatata seey sambandhit hain. unake baare mein nasleeya jaankaari donn francisco padilla abhiyaan key ack sadasya jose somera dwara chhodi gaee thee, jinhone 1710 mein dweepon kii khoj kii thee. unake anusaar, unake kapadon mein ack apron, clock aur shankudhari topi shamil thee, aur 1696 mein paul clain dwara carolinians key beach varnit key samaan thee.
tobian loga.
tobian ack saanskritik viraasat saajha karate hain joe kendriya carolin dweepon key logon key saath ghanishth sambandhon koo darshaata haye, joe uttar poorv mein 1000 kimmy seey adhik aur palaau key doosari or haye.
yaapi loga.
yaapi loga ack sookshm jaatiya samooh hain jinaki sankhya lagbhag 15,000 haye. way yaapi key mukhya dweep key mool nivasi hain aur yaapi bhasha bolate hain.
bhaashaaen.
pandrah alag-alag bhaashaaen micronesian loga bolate hain. micronesians dwara bolly jaane vaali bhaashaon kaa sabse badaa samooh micronesian bhaashaaen hain. way mahasagariya bhaashaon key parivaar seey sambandhit hain, joe austronesian bhasha samooh kaa hissa hain. way proto-mahasagariya bhasha seey nikale, joe badale mein proto-austronesian seey proto-malaayo-polynesian key madhyam seey aaee. micronesian parivaar mein marshley, gilberty, kosarian, nauruan key saath-saath 11 bhaashaon vaali chukik-ponpeic bhaashaaen naamak ack badaa upa-parivaar haye. yaapi bhasha micronesian shakha key baahar samudri bhaashaon kii ack alag shakha haye.
dou malaayo-polynesian bhaashaaen bolly jaati hain joe mahasagariya bhaashaon seey sambandhit naheen hainh mariana dweepon mein chamoro aur palaau mein palauan.
micronesian nauparivahan.
micronesian nauvahan takneek way nauvahan kaushal hain jinka upayog hajaaron varshon taka naavikon dwara kiya jaataa haye joe khule prashant mahasagar mein micronesia key dweepon key beach yatra karate they. inn yaatriyon ney taaron dwara nauparivahan, aur pakshiyon key avalokan, samudra kii soojan aur havaa key pattern jaisi maarg khojane kii takneekon kaa upayog kiya, aur maukhik parampara seey gyaan key ack badey nikaay parr bharosa kiya. veriyeng micronesia mein kendriya carolin dweepon mein paae jaane vaale paaramparik nauvahan key antim dou schools mein seey ack haye, doosara fainur haye.
sanskriti.
micronesian sanskriti dweep atole mein bahut vividh haye aur aspas kii sanskritiyon seey prabhaavit haye. poorv mein samajik vargon (kuleen varg, aam loga aur gulam) key saath ack adhik polynesian sanskriti paaee jaati haye aur paschim mein ack adhik melanesian-indoneshiyai prabhaavit sanskriti haye jiska netritva kuleenata key binaa adiwasi pramukhon dwara kiya jaataa haye, jisamen mariana ack apavaad hain. micronesian ack saanskritik kshetra banaate hain, kyonki phillippeans, indoneshiya, melanesia aur polynesia mein anya padosi samajon kii tulanaa mein saanskritik prathaon aur samajik sangathan mein ack dusare key saath bahut adhik samaantaa haye.
sookshm sanskritiyaan ack samanya neenv seey vikasit huin aur apani paitrik bhoomi key saath unake sambandhon aur nirbharta mein ack samanya prabhutva saajha karati hain. paitrik bhoomi ney samajik sangathan, parivarik sanrachanaon, arthavyavastha, saajha bhojan aur samanya kaam koo prabhaavit kiya. micronesian parivaar chaar samaan roop seey mahatvapurna ghatakon, ghar, paramanu parivaar, vistaarit parivaar aur ack vansh seey banaa haye. parivaar aur samudaay machhali pakadane, kheti karane, bachchon kii parvarish karane aur agali peedhiyon koo gyaan dene mein sahyog karenge. vyakti aur parivaar samudaay key saath sahyog karane key liye apane vyavhaar key anuroop honge.
adhikaar umr parr adharit thaa, aur micronesian logon koo apane badon kaa sammaan karna aur unhein uchch sammaan denaa sikhaaya jaataa thaa, jise way apane badon kii upasthiti mein chup rahkar vyakt karate they. bujurg madhyasthata karate aur sanghrshon koo hull karate.
sangeet aur nritya.
adhikansh micronesian logon mein sangeet vaadyayantron kii kamee thee, aur iss prakaar kewal geet aur mantron dwara sangeet kaa utpaadan kiya jaataa thaa. mahatvapurna purushon key paas apani kshamataon yaa karyon key baare mein, patniyon yaa bhagidaron dwara rachit geet hotey. yeye geet mrityu key baad bhee jeevit reh sakate they aur purushon koo veertapurna darja dey sakate they.
dharm.
micronesia key paaramparik dharm behad visham they. haalaanki, unamen seey adhikansh key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye, kyonki dweepon koo bahut jaldi (16 veen seey 18 veen shatabdi taka) prachaar kiya gayaa thaa taaki swadeshi dharm kewal kuchh dweepon parr hii jeevit reh sakein. haalaanki, dhaarmik abhyaas aur vichaar kii kuchh mahatvapurna abhivyaktiyon koo poore micronesian saanskritik sthaan key liye pahachaana jaa sakata haih
paaramparik sookshm dharmon ney poorvajon kii pooja parr jore diyaa aur aatmaon aur bhooton koo apanaaya. mrityu key baad, kissy kii aatma yaa tou kissy pashchaatvarti duniya mein chully jaati yaa jeevit logon kii madad karane yaa unhein nuksan pahunchaane key liye dweep parr rahati. ack praakritik mrityu ack paropkari bhoot paida karegi jabaki ack apraakritik mrityu ack durbhavanapurna bhoot paida karegi. anya aatmaaen sthaanon, praakritik vastuon, vishesh shilp aur gatividhiyon seey judee hui theen. vibhinn vyavasaay apane sanrakshak aatmaon koo mantra aur prasaad dete they, joe unakaa maanana thaa kii unake prayason key parinam koo niyantrit karega. micronesian logon kaa maanana thaa kii sabhi beemaariyaan aatmaon key kaaran hoti hain. pret jagat seey nipatane key liye shaman, madhyam, bhavishyavakta aur jaadugaron seey paramarsh kiya jaa sakata thaa. ack vyakti key mahatvapurna kaary mein shamil honey seey pahale aksar bhojan aur yaun gatividhiyon parr varjana kii jaati thee. iss varjana kaa ullanghan karane seey ack aatma aparaadhi yaa yahaan taka kii poore samudaay koo bimari yaa maut bhej sakati haye.
pauranik kathaaen.
micronesian pauranik kathaaon mein micronesians kii paaramparik vishvaas pranaaliyan shamil hain. micronesia key dweepon mein koee ekal vishvaas pranali naheen haye, kyonki pratyek dweep kshetra key apane pauranik prani hain.
paaramparik maanyataon mein girawat aaee aur europeeya logon key aagaman key saath badal gayaa, joe 1520 key dashak key baad teji seey huaa. isake alawa, europeeya sanskritiyon key saath sampark ney sthaaniya mithakon aur kinvadantiyon mein badalaav kiye.

