
silven simard

silven simard (janm 26 aprail, 1945) kanadai praant quebeck mein sthit ack rajneta aur shikshaavid hain. unhone 1994 seey 2012 taka quebeck kii rashtriya sabhaa mein richeliu kaa pratinidhitva kiya, aur lucian bouchard aur bernard landry kii sarkaaron mein cabinet mantri they. simmered party cubecois (pee. kyu.) kaa sadasya haye.
praarambhik jeevan aur currier.
simmered kaa janm chikautimi, quebeck mein huaa thaa. unhone university dee montrial (1967) seey shiksha mein snaatak kii degree, mcgl vishvavidyalaya (1970) seey master off arts kii degree aur phd kii degree praapt kii.dee. france mein bordo vishvavidyalaya (1975) seey tulanaatmak saahitya mein. 1976 seey 1994 taka, way ottawa vishvavidyalaya mein francisi saahitya key professor they. unhone 1987 mein "maythe aitt reflet dee laa fraansah ll 'image doo kanada aine fraans" naamak ack kaam puuraa kiya, jisamen lui napolean key samay seey laker pratham vishva yuddh taka fraans mein quebeck kii dhaaranaon kii jaanch kii gaee.
simard key bhaai, christian simard, 2004 seey 2006 taka kanada key house off commons key ack block cubecois sadasya they.
pee. kyu. upaadhyaksh.
simmered pahale outouis mein ack kshetriya aayojak key roop mein party quebecois key saath shamil hoe gaye. unhein 1981 mein pee. kyu. key upaadhyaksh key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa aur unhone tark diyaa kii party key aantarik sangathan koo rene levesk kii praantiya pee. kyu. sarkaar seey adhik swaayatta praapt honey chaahiye.
1982 mein, unhone cubec kii manjuri key binaa kanadai pradhaan mantri piyare trudeau key kanadai samvidhaan key deshbhakti key khilaf ack sadak virodh koo aayojit karane mein madad kii. usee varsh baad mein, unhone anurodh kiya kii kanada key chunaavon mein pee. kyu. kii ack sanghiya shakha koo shamil kiya jaae taaki party agale kanadai sanghiya chunaav mein ummidwar chalaa sakey. party key kuchh varishth sadasyon ney iss upaay kaa virodh kiya, jisake kaaran party rashtravadi doo cubec kaa nirmaan huaa. simmered ney 1983 mein samajwadi antarrashtriya mein shamil honey key liye pee. kyu. kii bolly kaa samanvaya karane mein bhee madad kii. iska virodh naee loktaantrik party ney kiya thaa, joe taba quebeck key baahar kanada key baaki hisson mein agrani samajik loktaantrik party thee.
simmered ney chunavi sudhaar kaa samarthan kiya aur prastaav diyaa kii quebeck mein bhavishya key chunaav pratipoorak aanupaatik pratinidhitva kii pranali key tahat aayojit kiye jaaen. unhone 1984 kii shuruat mein apane mantrimandal aur karmchaariyon koo badalane key liye bhee pradhaanmantri koo protsaahit kiya, yeh tark dete hue kii kuchh loga bahut lambe samay seey ack hii pada parr they. upaadhyaksh key roop mein unakaa apana karyakal 1984 mein samaapt huaa.
raajneetik karyakarta.
simmered koo 1988 key sanghiya chunaav mein ack nae loktaantrik party key ummidwar key roop mein chunaav ladane key liye protsaahit kiya gayaa thaa, aise samay mein jaba aine. dee. pee. quebeck mein apana samarthan aadhar banaane kii maang curr rhaa thaa. antatah unhone daudane key khilaf faisala kiya.
usee avadhi mein, simmered outouis kshetra mein sthaaniya rajneeti mein shamil hoe gaye. vaha "society national days cubecois" key ack pramukh sthaaniya sadasya they aur unhone praant key francisi bhasha key charter mein prastaavit parivartanon kaa virodh kiya. unhone 1987 mein gatinue loktaantrik andolan naamak ack samooh kaa bhee gathan kiya, aur kuchh atkalen theen kii vaha usa varsh key nagarpalika chunaav mein mahapour key liye chunaav ladenge. unhone antatah aisaa karane key khilaf faisala kiya, yeh tark dete hue kii maujooda getton kusineu key khilaf vote koo vibhajit karna gairzimmedarana hoga.
cusinou koo mahapour key liye phir seey chunaa gayaa, lekin 1988 kii shuruat mein karyalaya seey istifa dey diyaa. simmered unake uttaradhikari key liye ack upchunaav mein pahale ghoshit ummidwar they, joe badhe hue loktaantrik paramarsh, bajat mein katauti key munch parr chala rahey they joe nagarpalika key vetan koo prabhaavit naheen karega, aur karon koo cumm karega. unhone yeh bhee tark diyaa kii gatinou key nivaasiyon koo ack prastaavit saanskritik kendra parr janmat sangrah karane kii anumati dee jaani chaahiye, sabhi mahapour ummidvaaron seey apane vittiya hiton kii ghoshana karane kaa ahwan kiya jaanaa chaahiye, aur ack naee nagarpalika aachar sanhita kaa prastaav rakhaa jaanaa chaahiye. chunaav key dinn, vaha kewal 174 maton seey bobb lebine seey haar gaye.
simmered 1989 key praantiya chunaav mein ack pee. kyu. ummidwar they, joe rosemont key montrial vibhajan mein liberal party key cabinet mantri seey haar gaye they.
1990 seey 1994 taka, simmered mouvement national days quebecois (mnq) key adhyaksh they. 1991 mein, unhone tark diyaa kii ack samprabhu quebeck montrial pados mein apravasi samudaayon kii ekagrata koo cumm karane kii koshish karega. unhein yeh kahate hue uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa, "humm [maujooda samudaayon kii] ekagrata koo cumm naheen curr sakate; joe loga yahaan hain way yahaan hain. lekin bhavishya mein. . . hamein pravasiyon key swaagat koo unaki kshamataon key anuroop samaayojit karna hoga taaki unhein ekikrit kiya jaa sakey."unhone yeh bhee tark diyaa kii francophone quabers koo apravasiyon koo adhik sweekaar karane aur quebeck sanskriti mein badalaav laane kii aavashyakta hogi. maee 1991 mein ack mnq baithak mein, unhone kahaa kii adhikansh francophone quabers "aapravaasan kii aavashyakta aur laabhon key liye ullekhaniya roop seey khule they."
mnq key adhyaksh key roop mein, simmered ney tark diyaa kii pahale key samay mein naslavaadi aur videshi virodhi vyavhaar koo maaf karane key liye kanadai sanghvaadiyon dwara francophone quabers koo anuchit roop seey alag kiya gayaa thaa. esther delisley key "gaddaar aur yahudi" parr ack saarvajanik vivaad key maddenajar, jisane aitihaasik yahudi-virodhi aur quebeck raashtravaad koo sambodhit kiya, simmered ney kahaa, "nishchit roop seey humm yahudi-virodhi aur videshi-ghrina key sabhi roopon kii ninda karate hain, aur humm pachas saal baad bhee ise maaf naheen karate hain. lekin hamein jawab kyon denaa chaahiye [...] aise hamale joe spasht roop seey rajneeti seey prerit hain?"anya quebeck samprabhuta samoohon key vipareet, simmered key netritva mein mnq ney kanada mein francophone samoohon key saath sambandh banaane kii koshish kii.
simmered ney 1992 kii shuruat mein samprabhuta parr janmat sangrah kaa ahwan kiya aur usee varsh baad mein kanadai samvaidhaanik sudhaar parr charlottown samjhaute key khilaf abhiyaan chalaaya.
vidhaayak.
antarrashtriya sambandh mantri.
simmered pahali baar 1994 key praantiya chunaav mein rechelieu key liye quebeck kii rashtriya vidhansabha key liye chune gaye they, jinhone udaar nivartamaan albert khelfa koo haraaya thaa. pee. kyu. ney iss chunaav mein jack parizzo key netritva mein bahumat sarkaar jeeti, aur simmered ney ack sarkari peeth key roop mein vidhaayika mein pravesh kiya. jaba lucien bouchard 29 janwari, 1996 koo cubec key pradhaan mantri key roop mein perissou key uttaradhikari baney, tou unhone simard koo antarrashtriya sambandhon key mantri aur laa francophony key liye jimmedaar mantri key roop mein niyukt kiya, jisamen outouis kshetra key liye aage kii jimmedariyan theen. 22 janwari, 1997 koo, simard koo antarrashtriya maanviya kaarravaai key liye jimmedaar mantri key roop mein atirikt jimmedariyan dee gaeen.
apani niyukti key turant baad, simmered ney kanada kii sarkaar koo chetavani dee kii aggar usane kabhi bhavishya key samprabhu quebeck seey mukhya roop seey sanghiya kshetron koo vibhajit karane kii koshish kii tou vaha hinsak pratikriya kii sambhavana parr vichaar karey. yeh kanada key antar-sarkari mamalon key mantri steffen dione key ack bayaan key jawab mein thaa, jinhone kahaa thaa kii aggar kanada vibhaajya thaa, tou quebeck bhee hoga.
march 1996 mein, simmered ney ghoshana kii kii cubec laagat-bachat upaay key roop mein apane unnis videshi pratinidhimandalon mein seey terah koo bund curr dega. unhone kahaa kii kuchh prabhaavit kshetron mein quebeck key pratinidhi kanada key dutaavaason key bheetar seey kaam curr sakate hain, jisase quebeck vyaapaar hiton aur samprabhuta donon koo badhaava mill sakata haye. kanadai upa pradhaan mantri sheela cops ney jawab diyaa kii cubec pratinidhiyon koo kanadai suvidhaon mein cubec samprabhuta koo badhaava dene kii anumati "bilkul naheen" dee jaayegi, aur simmered kii yojana kii kanada key baaki hisson mein vyaapak roop seey aalochana kii gaee thee.
simmered ney 1997 mein sanyukt rashtra mein vishesh darja praapt karane key liye quebeck key liye ack bolly mein bhaag liya. ise kanada kii sarkaar dwara haraaya gayaa thaa. baad mein usee varsh, unhone cubec aur france key beach ack baal-samarthan samjhaute kii sharton parr sanghiya raajnetaon key saath jhagada kiya; kanadai sarkaar ney tark diyaa kii saude key kuchh khand cubec koo ack samprabhu desh key roop mein paribhaashit karane key karib aae. simmered ney 2001 mein ottawa aur patwar mein francophone khelon key bahishkaar kii dhamki bhee dee, iss aadhar parr kii sanghiya sarkaar cubec koo ayojan samiti seey baahar curr rahee thee.
antarrashtriya sambandhon key mantri key roop mein, simmered ney france, chean, viyatnam, senegal, coat dee 'viore, israel, philistine, lebnan aur zimbabwe key vyaapaar aur rajanyik missions mein quebeck kaa pratinidhitva kiya. vaha nivesh parr bahupakshiya samjhaute key baare mein sandeh karate they aur octuber 1998 mein samjhaute key aspas kii baatchit seey vaapas lene key liye kanada koo protsaahit kiya.
navambar 1996 key anta mein, simard ney charles aznavour kii aalochana kii, jaba prasiddh trobador ney ottawa mein ack sangeet karyakram key dauran angreji mein apane kuchh sabse prasiddh geet gaaye. mantri key havaale seey kahaa gayaa thaa, "charles aznaavor ack francisi gaayak hain aur jaba way yahaan aatey hain tou unhein french mein gaanaa chaahiye. yeh vaastaviktaa aur quebeck samaaj kii samvedanaon kii poori agyaantaa koo darshaata haye-yeh ack uksawa haye."
simmered 1998 key quebeck chunaav mein phir seey chune gaye they, lekin 15 disambar, 1998 koo unhein mantrimandal seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. 2000 mein, unhone ack prakriyaatmak sameeksha dastaavez kaa saha-lekhan kiya jisamen sifarish kii gaee thee kii nirvaachit pratinidhiyon koo prastaavit kaanoon parr vichaar karane aur usaki jaanch karane key liye adhik avsar diye jaaen.
nagrikta aur aapravaasan mantri.
simmered 6 octuber, 2000 koo nagrikta aur aapravaasan mantri key roop mein lucien bouchard key mantrimandal mein phir seey shamil hoe gaye. apani niyukti key turant baad, unhone ghoshana kii kii cubec 2003 taka apani vaarshik aapravaasan darr 30,000 seey badhaakar 40,000 aur 45,000 key beach curr dega, jabaki francophone aapravaasan kii darr bhee 44 pratishat seey badhaakar 52 pratishat curr dega. ack dashak pahale key apane bayanon koo pratidhwanit karate hue, unhone montrial key baahar key kshetron mein apravasiyon key badhate niptan kaa ahwan kiya taaki cubec samaaj mein unake ekikaran koo suvidhajanak banaaya jaa sakey. march 2001 mein, unhone ghoshana kii kii shikshit aur francophone donon apravasiyon kii sankhya badh rahee haye aur aaney vaale varshon mein praant adhik francophone aapravaasan key liye magreb kii or dekhega.
2000 key anta mein, simmered ney kahaa kii vaha agami montrial upchunaav mein pee. kyu. namankan key liye ack ummidwar yaves michaud key saath seva naheen karenge. 1995 key quebeck janmat sangrah mein kanadai sanghiya vikalp key liye yahudi samarthan koo "quebeck logon kii samprabhuta key khilaf jaatiya vote" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa aur bub 'naaee brith kanada koo "samprabhuta virodhi charampanthiyon key roop mein varnit kiya thaa."unhein yeh kahate hue bhee uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa kii yahudi khud koo" duniya mein ekmatra aise loga maanate hain jinhone peedit kiya haye."simmered ney michaud kii tippaniyon koo" ack purani yahudi-virodhi throback key roop mein varnit kiya, joe mujhe ninda karane key alawa koee vikalp naheen chhodati haye."isake badale mein, michaud ney tark diyaa kii vaha apani tippaniyon kii reporting seey" "jhoothaa rakshasi" "thaa aur yahudi virodhi naheen thaa. iss vivaad ney pee. kyu. key rankon mein vibhajan koo ujagar kiya aur vyaapak roop seey maanaa jaataa haye kii isake turant baad lucien bouchard key pradhaanmantri key roop mein istife koo uksaayaa.
treasury board key adhyaksh.
jaba 2001 kii shuruat mein bouchard ney pada seey istifa dey diyaa, tou simard ney party kaa nayaa netaa banane key liye bernard landry kii safal bolly kaa samarthan kiya. landry ney 8 march, 2001 koo pradhaanmantri key roop mein shapath lii aur simard koo treasury board key adhyaksh, prashaasan aur lock seva key liye raajya mantri, prashaasan aur lock seva key liye jimmedaar mantri aur outouis key liye jimmedaar mantri key roop mein phir seey niyukt kiya.
29 march, 2001 koo treasury board key adhyaksh key roop mein simmered ney apani pahali report jaari kii, jisamen sanket diyaa gayaa kii sarkari kharch mein 3.1% kii vriddhi hogi aur nae rajaswa kaa teen-chauthai swaasthya aur shiksha mein jaayega. unhone kahaa kii sakal gharelu utpaad key pratishat key roop mein kharch mein girawat aaegi, jaisa kii pichhale varshon mein huaa thaa. baad mein 2001 mein, unhone ghoshana kii kii uttar americi aarthik mandee key beach ghaate mein jaane seey bachane key liye quebeck apane aarakshit kosh seey lagbhag ack arab dollar legaa. navambar 2001 mein, simmered ney bhugtan equity sunishchit karane key liye 220 million dollar kii pahal shuru kii.
simmered ney 2001 kii shuruat mein ack pramukh bharti abhiyaan shuru kiya, jisamen 1,500 purnakaalik aur 5,000 anshakaalik saarvajanik seva padon koo bharane kii maang kii gaee thee. ise bees varshon mein vibhaag key sabse mahatvapurna outreach karyakram key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. ghoshana karate hue, simmered ney sanket diyaa kii anglophone aur yuvaaon sahit alpasankhyak samoohon koo uchit pratinidhitva milega.
simmered ney iss avadhi mein quebeck key asbestus kshetra key liye ranneetiyon kii dekhrekh karane vaali ack cabinet samiti mein bhee kaam kiya.
shiksha mantri.
bernard landry ney 30 janwari, 2002 koo apane mantrimandal mein ferbadal kiya aur simard koo shiksha aur rojgar raajya mantri, shiksha mantri, rojgar key liye jimmedaar mantri aur outouis key liye jimmedaar mantri key roop mein phir seey niyukt kiya. simmered ney march 2002 mein ack shiksha neeti bayaan diyaa, jisamen unhone vishvavidyalaya kii tution daron parr lambe samay seey chaley aaa rahey cubec key pratibandh koo banaae rakhane aur ack vidhaayi khamiyon koo door karane kaa vaadaa kiya, joe gair-anglophone maataa-pitaa koo ack saal key baad apane bachchon koo angreji niji school mein angreji saarvajanik schools mein bhejane kii anumati detaa thaa.
unhone janwari 2003 mein quebeck key maadhyamik vidyaalayon mein sudhaar key liye 91 million dollar key karyakram kii ghoshana kii, jisamen shikshan mein vriddhi, itihas aur francisi bhasha parr dhyaan kendrit karane key saath-saath vigyaan mein unnayan aur praantiya dropout darr koo lakshit karane key liye nae kadam uthaaye gaye. unhone usee maheene school key praangan mein utpeedan aur dhamki kaa mukabala karane key liye ack aur yojana shuru kii. vaha praant mein school voucher kii pranali shuru karane key dakshinpanthi kaarravaai key prastaav kii kadee aalochana karate they.
simmered bhoomi sarkaar key una kuchh mantriyon mein seey ack they, jinaki quebeck samprabhuta koo badhaava dene mein gahari ruchi thee. farwari 2003 mein, unhone tark diyaa kii yadi quebeck aur kanadai sanghiya sarkaar key beach "rajkoshiya asantulan" taya kiya jaataa haye tou quebeck koo shiksha kharch mein atirikt $800 million praapt honge.
vipaksh key sadasya.
jeane cherest key netritva mein liberal party ney 2003 key praantiya chunaav mein pee. kyu. koo haraaya. simmered koo cumm antar seey richeliu mein phir seey chunaa gayaa aur unhone koshagar board aur saarvajanik seva key liye vipaksh key aalochak key roop mein kaary kiya. octuber 2004 mein unhein pee. kyu. key mukhya aayojak key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa. simmered ney aarthik vikas aur saarvajanik seva mein sabse badee sarkaar kii katauti key saath-saath saarvajanik-niji saajhedaari kii or isake kadam kii kadee aalochana kii thee. 2006 mein, unhone pension laabh guaranti kosh banaane key liye ack niji sadasya kaa vidheyak pesh kiya.
2005 mein samprabhuta parr 1995 key janmat sangrah key dauran kanada key ack uchch padasth udaarvaadi dall key aayojak key bayanon key baad, kii sanghiya paksh ney quebeck key chunaav kaanoonon kaa "ullanghan" kiya thaa, simmered ney sanghiya kharch prathaon kii saarvajanik jaanch kaa ahwan kiya. simmered ney kahaa, "humm ateet koo phir seey naheen likhana chaahte hain. joe kiya jaataa haye vaha kiya jaataa haye. hamein nae jamini niyamon aur yeh sunishchit karane key sadhanon kii aavashyakta haye kii aisaa phir seey naa hoe."
simmered ney 2003 key chunaav key baad pee. kyu. netritva koo banaae rakhane key liye bernard landry kii bolly kaa samarthan kiya, lekin phir bhee party key juuna 2005 key sammelan mein kewal 76 pratishat samarthan praapt karane key baad landry koo istifa dene key apane nirnay taka pahunchane mein madad kii. baad mein usee varsh, simmered ney party netaa key roop mein landry mein safal honey key liye andrey boisclair kii safal bolly kaa samarthan kiya.
simmered ney 2006 mein quebeck key tution freeze koo hataane kaa sujhaav diyaa, yeh tark dete hue kii isane vishvavidyalayon key liye "sthaayi underfunding" kii sthiti paida curr dee thee. pee. kyu. kii yuva shakha ney iss sujhaav kaa virodh kiya aur baad mein ack neetigat karyashala ney party key samarthan kii pushti kii.
2007 key aam chunaav mein pee. kyu. teesare sthaan parr aaa gayaa aur simmered koo phir seey ack aeye. dee. kyu. ummidwar kii majboot chunauti parr cumm antar seey phir seey chunaa gayaa. chunaav key baad, vaha una kuchh pee. kyu. aim. aine. aeye. mein seey ack they jinhone abhee bhee boisclair key netritva kaa samarthan kiya thaa. jaba boisclair ney istifa dey diyaa, tou simmered ney party kaa netritva karane key liye gills duseppe kii bolly kaa samarthan karane kii yojana banaai. dussep ney antatah naa chalane kaa faisala kiya, aur paulin marois koo boisclair key uttaradhikari key roop mein chunaa gayaa.
marois key netritva mein 2008 key chunaav mein pee. kyu. aadhikarik vipaksh kii sthiti mein laut aaya, aur silven koo badhe hue antar seey phir seey chunaa gayaa. chunaav key baad unhein koshagar board aur saarvajanik seva key liye aalochak key roop mein phir seey niyukt kiya gayaa. march 2009 mein, unhone tark diyaa kii sarkaar niji-saarvajanik saajhedaari key bajaay paaramparik pariyojanaon key roop mein montrial mein dou nae vishvavidyalaya shikshan aspatalon kaa nirmaan karke chaar arab dollar bachaa sakati haye. agale varsh, unhone sabse badee sarkaar parr saarvajanik-niji drishtikon key paksh mein laagat anumaanon koo galat saabit karane kaa aarop lagaaya.
2011 kii shuruat mein, paulin marois ney kahaa kii unhone gair-anglophone chhatron koo angreji bhasha mein bhaag lene seey rokane key liye french bhasha key quebeck key charter kaa vistaar karane kaa samarthan kiya. simmered iss neeti drishtikon seey khule taur parr asahmat they, jise aprail 2011 mein ack pee. kyu. sammelan key pratinidhiyon dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa.
maee 2011 mein, simmered ney quebeck sivil seva mein whisselbloers kii raksha key liye ack niji sadasya kaa vidheyak pesh kiya.
juuna 2012 mein unhone ghoshana kii kii vaha phir seey chunaav naheen ladenge.

