
christiania kommunale sporvi

christiania kommunale sporvi yaa key. key. aiss., jise bolchal kii bhasha mein redd tramway () key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack nagarpalika swaamitva vaali company thee joe 1899 seey 1905 taka oslo tramway key kuchh hisson kaa sanchaalan karati thee. key. key. aiss. ney teen lines, sejeen ring, rodeloka line aur vipetangen line kaa nirmaan aur sanchaalan kiya. yeye teenon christian sporveselskab (kss) aur christiania alectriscay sporeway (ks) kii rekhaaon key madhyam seey judey hue they. key. key. aiss. ney scurt aind company seey bees motor chaalit traum khareede. aur baarah trailer, jinhen varg aiss key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa haye. isane dou dipo, sejeen aur rodeloka kaa nirmaan kiya.
company kaa nirmaan ack raajneetik badalaav key baad kiya gayaa thaa jisake tahat nagar parishad ney traum kaa sanchaalan shuru karane kaa faisala kiya thaa. company ney line sevaaon kaa ack mishran sanchaalit kiya, adhikansh laainen harr duss minut mein sanchaalit hoti theen. key. key. aiss. laabh kamaane mein whiffle rahey. 1904 key chunaavon key baad nagar parishad mein bahumat badal gayaa. maee 1905 mein company kaa nijikaran kiya gayaa thaa aur nagar parishad dwara usee company koo khareedane seey incar karane key baad ise kss koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa.
itihas.
sthaapana.
1890 key dashak key anta taka oslo mein teen niji traum companiyan theen, jinamen seey dou, christiania sporveselskab aur christiania alectriscay sporeway, sadak trams key apane network kaa sanchaalan karati theen. isase iss baat parr bahas hui kii traum sanchaalan niji honah chaahiye yaa nagarpalika kaa mamla. donon pramukh dall bhee apana-apana rukh rakhate hainh roodhivaadi dall niji sanchaalan koo banaae rakhna chaahata thaa, jabaki liberal party ney sanchaalan key nagarpalikakaran kaa samarthan kiya. mudda vibhajit thaah oslo nagarpalika ney maujooda dou companiyon koo apane niyantran mein leey liya aur naee lines koo sanchaalit karane key liye ack naee company kii sthaapana kii. 1896 mein nagarpalika koo apane nammatra key share moolya key saath-saath traum company dwara shuru kiye gaye kadam mein byaaj key liye kss khareedane kii peshkash kii gaee thee. isaki mukhya chinta yeh thee kii isaki riyayat 1905 mein samaapt hoe jaayegi aur taba nagarpalika koo ise jabt karane kaa adhikaar hoga. iss beach, company koo naee poonji kii aavashyakta thee aur usane nagarpalika koo nae share jaari karane kii peshkash kii. oslo nagarpalika ney prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa aur nae sheyaron koo isake bajaay berlin key gasselshaft farr alectrische unternehmungen koo betch diyaa gayaa.
1897 taka liberal party koo nagar parishad mein bahumat mill gayaa thaa. usa varsh sent kii or kss tramway key vistaar key baare mein ack raajneetik bahas hui thee. hansaugen aur sejeen, dou kshetra joe vikasit kiye jaa rahey they. kss ney vahaan ack tramway banaane key liye aavedan kiya, lekin 23 sitambar 1897 koo nagar parishad ney apani traum company sthaapit karane aur sent key liye ack line banaane key liye matdan kiya. hansaugen sejeen swayam.
dou shahar engineeron koo germany aur neetherland key adhyayan daure parr bheja gayaa thaa taaki vahaan traum sanchaalan seey anubhav praapt kiya jaa sakey. unaki vaapsee parr ack doosari bahas shuru hui, iss baar rodeloka key liye ack line key nirmaan key baare mein. pahale kii tarah, kss ney shahar key kendra seey rodeloka taka ack line banaane key liye aavedan kiya thaa. shuru mein ise 1898 mein nagar parishad dwara iss shart parr sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa kii kss prati varsh 5,000 norwegian crone (noc) kaa kiraya detaa haye. iss nirnay koo janwari 1899 mein palat diyaa gayaa aur nagar parishad ney key. key. aiss. koo anumati dene key liye matdan kiya. line kii laabhpradata key baare mein sandeh they, lekin shahar key engineer kii raay thee kii ghaate koo hamesha line seey sent taka key laabh dwara cover kiya jaa sakata haye. hansaugen. rodeloka line seey nagarpalika tramway network kaa vikas hoga.
sanchaalan kaa itihas.
sejeen line kaa nirmaan 1899 kii shuruat mein shuru huaa. antim line, storgetten seey festeningsbrigen taka, koo maee 1899 mein shahar parishad dwara 200,000 kii laagat seey anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. usa samay key baare mein rodeloka line kaa nirmaan shuru huaa thaa. sejeen line mein kuchh deree hui aur 24 navambar koo sanchaalan shuru huaa. shuru mein ise duss minut kaa samay milaa kyonki bijli company atirikt traum chalaane key liye paryaapt bijli kii aapoorti karane mein saksham naheen thee. baad mein ise badhaakar paanch minut curr diyaa gayaa. company key paas vardi kii khareed sahit sanchaalan key sabhi pahaluon koo seedhe karane kii kshamata naheen thee. iss tarah kii poshak kii kamee kii press dwara aalochana kii gaee thee. sabse pahale seva sejeen seey athenium taka chully, jisamen sent seey atirikt sevaaen theen. hanshugen seey athenium.
rodeloka line janwari 1900 taka poori hoe gaee thee. haalaanki, tramway koo bijli dene key liye paryaapt bijli upalabdh naheen thee. march taka sanchaalan shuru naheen huaa, jaba prakaash key liye bijli kaa upayog cumm hoe gayaa. ise shuru mein duss minut kaa pragati maarg bhee milaa, joe upalabdh shakti kii matra seey seemit thaa. maarg rodeloka seey nyabrua taka chalaa, jaba yeh kss kii grunerlokka-torshov line seey judaa aur baad key mukhya downtown terminal agarotorgate taka chalaa gayaa. juuna seey ks key saath ack samjhauta huaa, sejeen sevaaon koo athenium seey journbanettorgate taka apani skoin line key saath chalane kii anumati dein, joe oslo east station kii seva curr rahey hain.
aprail 1900 mein vaarshik baithak mein pratiyogiyon kii tulanaa mein cumm aramdayak traum honey key liye company kii aalochana kii gaee thee, aur yeh kii wippetangen parr festeningbrigen key nirmaan mein ghoshit pragati koo aage naheen badhaaya gayaa thaa. usee maheene vipetangen line parr nirmaan shuru huaa aur agast mein iska udghaatan kiya gayaa. line key khulane key saath, sent seey atirikt trains chalati hain. hanshugen koo festeningbrigen taka vistaarit kiya gayaa thaa.
1900 mein key. key. aiss. ney arendalgaten, bents brij, heggermansgate aur vogs gett seey laker graphsen station (jise taba sandekar station key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa) key madhyam seey seey sejeen line key vistaar kii yojana prastut kii. yeh nagar parishad dwara bahut vyaapak paaya gayaa thaa aur isake bajaay samarthan kiya gayaa thaa kii line koo grunerlokka-torshov line key vistaar key roop mein banaaya jaae. 1901 mein operation koo thodaa sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. subah 07 ghante seey pahale kaam key traum shuru kiye gaye they, jisake tahat koee bhee 5 ghante key liye yatra curr sakata thaa. sabse pahale traum kissy bhee sthaan parr rukte they jahan yaatriyon ney sanket diyaa hotaa thaa. 1901 seey company ney boarding aur utarane key liye niyamit stations kii shuruat kii.
1901 kii shuruat seey kss ney apane track sajhakaran samjhaute koo samaapt curr diyaa, jisase trams koo journebenatorgate taka jaane mein baadha aaee. vipetangen rekha koo uttar kii or grunerlokka-torshov rekha parr kirkeristen taka badhaaya gayaa thaa. 1902 mein patariyon koo phir seey vyavasthit kiya gayaa taaki way stortorwaite key madhyam seey chala sakein. isake parinamswarup dou sevaaen huinh sejeen seey aggertorgate aur stortorwaite seey rodeloka taka, aur sent seey. agarotorgate key madhyam seey hanshougen aur fosteningbrigen key liye storetorwaite. key. key. aiss. ney apane sanchaalan itihas key madhyam seey 1,50,000 khou diye. 1904 mein, isake antim poorna vittiya varsh mein, iska rajaswa 30,6,000 thaa.
nijikaran.
kss aisee sthiti mein thaa kii way 1905 mein riyayat samaapt curr denge. unhone pahale seey hii ack nae dou saal key liye ack aavedan jaari kiya aur iss prakriya mein key. key. aiss. koo lene kii peshkash kii. isane saarvajanik yaa niji sanchaalan key baare mein ack naee bahas koo janm diyaa, jisamen kaee roodhivaadi raajnetaon ney key. key. key. key. key nijikaran kaa ahwan kiya. 1904 key nagarpalika chunaav mein yeh mudda uthaaya gayaa thaa, jisamen liberal party aur samajwadi dall traum sanchaalan key nagarpalikakaran key liye daud rahey they. iss beach, nagarpalika prashaasan ney kss koo sambhaalane key liye anumaanon key saath kaam kiya. ack adhigrahan parr nagarpalika kii laagat lagbhag 2 million hogi, jabaki ack bikri seey lagbhag 1.6 million kii laagat aaegi. haalaanki, choonki kss ack laabhdaayak company thee, yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa kii nagarpalika key. key. aiss. koo bechane kii tulanaa mein key. aiss. aiss. koo laker adhik paisa kamaayegi, joe iss avadhi key liye lagbhag 30 laakh anumaanit haye.
nirnaayak nagar parishad kii baithak 14 aprail 1905 koo aayojit kii gaee thee, halanki nau ghante kii bahas key baad, agale dinn vaastavik matdan 02 ghante taka naheen huaa thaa. uthaaye gaye muddon mein una parshadon kii nishpakshata thee jinake paas kss mein sheyaron kaa swaamitva thaa yaa joe unake dwara niyojit they. nyaay mantralaya ney naa tou kissy kss conductor koo paaya aur naa hii kissy paarshad koo, joe niji company mein sheyaron kaa malik thaa, nishpaksh paaya. nijikaran key liye prastut tark key. key. aiss. mein laabh kii kamee thee, kii nagarpalika karmchaariyon kii sankhya badhaayegi, kii bikri seey nagarpalika rinn cumm hoga aur key. aiss. aiss. ney anukool sthitiyon kii peshkash kii thee. mudra-adhigrahan key liye prastut tark yeh thaa kii yeh nagarpalika key liye laabhdaayak hoga, kyonki yeh ack laabhdaayak company parr kabja curr rhaa hoga, kii rajaswa mein kamee arthavyavastha mein ack asthaayi girawat key kaaran thee aur kss kaa adhikansh hissa videshi, german company key swaamitva mein thaa.
ack samjhauta prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa jisake tahat kss koo 1909 taka riyayat milegi, lekin ise 37 maton key khilaf 47 maton key saath aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. parishad ney taba 36 maton key mukabale 48 maton key saath riyayat kii bikri aur vistaar koo manjuri dee. yogya bahumat kii kamee key kaaran, county governor ney ack nae vote kii maang kii. yeh 23 maee koo kiya gayaa thaa aur usee matdan koo praapt kiya. usee dinn kss key board ney kks kii khareed koo manjuri dee. unhone rinon key sanyojan aur nae share jaari karane key madhyam seey khareed kaa vittaposhan kiya. laine-daine kii aadhikarik tithi 6 octuber 1905 thee.
bikri key liye sahmat sharton mein shamil thaa kii kss ney apane soochibaddh moolya key liye key. key. aiss. khareede, isake alawa utpaadan key dauran company koo hue 1,50,000 key nuksan key alawa. isake alawa yeh share poonji parr prati varsh chaar pratishat labhansh key saath kshatipurti karega. key. key. aiss. karmchaariyon ney apani naukari, vetan star aur varishthata koo banaae rakhaa. kss koo kuchh sharton key tahat apani riyayat kaa bees saal kaa vistaar praapt huaa. yeh bhavishya key rajaswa kaa aathh pratishat nagarpalika koo aur prati varsh nyuntam 100,000 kaa bhugtan karega. traum company ack saath oslo laiswerkar seey 9 Ø prati kilowatt ghante key liye apani bijli khareedane key liye sahmat hui. keematen riyayat dwara viniyamit kii jaati theen aur nagarpalika koo ack board sadasya niyukt karane kaa adhikaar praapt hotaa thaa. adhigrahan mein tramway, dou dipo aur rolling stock kii sabhi 32 ikaaiyaan shamil theen.
viraasat.
1924 mein jaba unaki riyaayaton kii avadhi samaapt hoe gaee, tou kss aur ks donon koo nagarpalika dwara apane kabje mein leey liya gayaa. oslo nagarpalika ney oslo mein sabhi sadak trams koo sanchaalit karane key liye ack naee nagarpalika key swaamitva vaali company, oslo sporvear kii sthaapana kii. kss ney 1918 taka varg key trams kaa upayog karna jaari rakhaa. haalaanki, kaee trams koo anya models mein phir seey banaaya gayaa aur yeye 1966 taka seva mein rahey. kss koo rodeloka dipo kii koee aavashyakta naheen thee aur adhigrahan key turant baad ise bund curr diyaa gayaa. rodeloka line koo 1949 mein bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki dakshini bhaag abhee bhee sinsen line key hisse key roop mein kaam curr rhaa haye. 1961 mein saijeen ring bund hoe gaee, aur chhah saal baad vipetangen line ney bhee iska anusaran kiya.
network.
tramway company key paas oslo tramway key sadak network kii teen bhautik laainen theenh rodeloka line, sejeen ring aur vipetangen line. yeye pratichhed naheen karate they aur isaliye kss kii rekhaaon key madhyam seey judey hue they. network kii kull lambai thee. sajeen dipo company kaa mukhya dipo thaa. yeh chhote rodeloka dipo kaa bhee sanchaalan kartaa thaa. key. key. aiss. ney apani shakti nagarpalika oslo laiswerkar seey praapt kii.
sagen ring ney norwey bhawan kii sansad key paas ekarsgata mein athename mein shahar key kendra mein shuru kiya, jahan ks kii skoin line key saath ack track connection thaa. yeh carle johannes gett mein cakes kii rekha key saath uttar kii or chalaa gayaa. yeh sent key pados key madhyam seey college key gett, geetmeersveean aur keyerschouse gett key saath jaari rhaa. hansaugen aur sejeen. yeh sejeen church key paas sejeen dipo mein samaapt huaa. 1905 mein saijeen ring kii lambai lagbhag aadhi thee, jisamen seey lagbhag aadhaa double track thaa.
rodeloka rekha kii shaakhaaen nabrua mein kss kii grunerlokka-torshov rekha seey nikalati hain aur trondhameswian seey helgens gaata taka chalati hain. vahaan yeh shaakhaon seey alag hoe gayaa aur ruthcase gett, worksgata aur kobenhawangata key saath jaari rhaa jaba taka kii yeh delenengata key saath chauraahe parr apane antim chhor taka naheen pahunch gayaa. line lambi thee, jisamen seey lagbhag aadhaa double track thaa.
vipetangen rekha kirkeristen mein grunerlokka-torshov rekha seey chully aur dakshin mein droningens gett key saath chully. yeh tolbugata mein skoyen rekha key saath pratichhed kartaa haye. vahaan seey yeh droningens gett key saath jaari rhaa jaba taka kii yeh grave vedels gett koo paar naheen curr gayaa aur festeningbrigen mein samaapt naheen huaa. line lambi thee, jisamen seey adhikansh dohri pagadandi thee.
rolling stock.
key. key. ney 20 traum aur 12 trailers key bede koo niyojit kiya. inmein lakadi key baahari panel key saath ack samaan lamba aur shareer thaa. key. key. aiss. ney scookert seey traum kaa adesh diyaa, jinhone vidyut aur takniki upkaran banaae, jabaki shavon koo buss dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. inmein motorman key liye baahari khand aur anudairdhya disha mein lakadi kii bench key saath ack kebin haye. sabhi ikaaiyon mein bees yaatriyon key baithane kii vyavastha thee. motor chaalit vaahanon mein chaudah loga baith sakate they, jabaki trailer mein bees loga baith sakate they.
vaahan dohare aksh vaale they. motor chaalit sanskaran dou aeye. bee. 71 motors seey lais they, jinamen seey pratyek kull bijli utpaadan pradaan kartaa thaa. motor kaaron kaa vajan thaa, jabaki trailers kaa vajan thaa. way kewal praathamik nilamban seey lais they, jisase way usa samay yatayat mein anya trams kii tulanaa mein adhik compan karate they. key. key. key. key saath seva mein motor chaalit trams koo 201-220 aur trailers koo 250-261 number diyaa gayaa thaa.
key. key. aiss. ney apane trams koo laal rung seey chitrit kiya aur unamen oslo kii muhar pramukhta seey dikhaai gaee. key. key. aiss. key trams koo anya prachalakon seey alag karane key liye, ack patrakaar ney key. key. aiss. aur key. aiss. key harey aur neele trams seey alag karane key liye, aur naam atak jaane key liye, ise "laal traum" kahana shuru curr diyaa.

