
villium aiss. vilis

villium shedrick vilis junier. unakaa janm 11 julaai, 1921 koo texas key vaco mein huaa thaa. way ack ethanohistorian they, aur african americi maanav vigyaan key praarambhik agradoot they. unhein "manavshastriya almari mein kankal" key prakaashan key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. way dakshini paddhativaadi vishvavidyalaya key sankaay key pahale ashwet vidwan they. smoo mein rahate hue unhone african americi adhyayan karyakram kii sthaapana mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai.
praarambhik jeevan.
vilis texas key vaco mein paida hui ekmatra santan thee. jaba vaha bahut chhote they taba unakaa parivaar texas key dallas mein rahane lagaa. unake maataa-pitaa donon ameer they aur college mein padhe-likhe they. unake pitaa villium aiss they. vilis aiss. aar. vaha ack ashwet uchch vidyalaya key uchch vidyalaya key pracharya they. yeh dhyaan diyaa jaataa haye kii unake pitaa ney school board seey anuchit vyavhaar key kaaran istifa dey diyaa thaa. principle honey key baad unhone garib ashwet logon key liye ghar banaane key liye ack nirmaan company shuru kii. unake pitaa texas key pythians key rangeen shurveeron key grand chansler they. yeh dhyaan diyaa jaataa haye kii 20 key dashak mein dallas kii or kadam kuu clux clan kii chetavaniyon key jawab mein thaa. vilis ney shikago mein garmiyaan bitaain jahan unake parivaar key paas ack ghar thaa. unake pitaa kaa nidhan taba huaa jaba way bahut chhote they. unake pitaa key nidhan key baad vilis aur unaki maan ney duniya kaa daura kiya.
vilis ney booker tii seey snaatak kiya. 1938 mein texas key dallas mein washington hyee school. booker tii seey snaatak honey key baad. washington hyee school mein vaha washington, dee mein howard vishvavidyalaya gaye.see. howard vishvavidyalaya mein itihas mein mahaarat hassil kii haye, aur samajshastra aur saahitya mein laghu haye. unake pramukh professor aur maargdarshak reford logan they. vishvavidyalaya key haward mein rahate hue vilos koo nigro itihas aur sanskriti seey parichit karaaya gayaa thaa. vaha kaale aitihaasik andolan mein ruchi lene lagey. jabaki haward mein unhone sterling elen braun key saath bhee adhyayan kiya. franklin frasier, elen leroy lock, charles aich. wesley aur ralf banche. 1942 mein unhone howard vishvavidyalaya saha loud seey snaatak kiya. howard vishvavidyalaya seey snaatak honey key baad will ney sanyukt raajya tata rakshak key liye swechha seey kaam kiya. unhone 1944 mein tatarakshak dall chhod diyaa.
carrier.
vilis ney howard vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag liya aur snaatak saha loud (aeye.bee.1942 mein). 1945 mein, vilis ney newyork shahar key kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein rajneeti vigyaan mein snaatak adhyayan shuru kiya. baad mein unhone adhyayan kaa apana dhyaan maanav vigyaan parr kendrit curr diyaa. unhone apana ph praapt kiya.dee. 1955 mein kolambiya vishvavidyalaya seey. kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein rahate hue unhone dakshin poorv sanyukt raajya america key bhaartiyon parr shodh kiya. 1955 mein unakaa shodh prabandh "aupaniveshik sangharsh aur cheroki indiance (1710-1760)" thaa. dakshin poorv key bhaartiyon key baare mein apane shodh key alawa unhone america mein ashweton aur mool amerikiyon, ashweton aur goron key beach sambandhon key baare mein likhaa. unhone maanav vigyaan key itihas aur maanav vigyaan mein naslavaad parr shodh kaary kiya. unhone adhyayan kiya aur franz boas key currier key baare mein likhaa.
1949 mein, vilis koo kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein apane shodh prabandh key liye dhana jutaane key liye johnn haye whiteney avsar fellowship seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. unake shodh prabandh kaa sheershak thaa aupaniveshik sangharsh aur cheroki bhaaratiya, 1710-1760. shodh prabandh maanav vigyaan mein ack aitihaasik drishtikon kaa upayog karke cheroki samaaj aur sanskriti, samajik saanskritik parivartan, aatmasaat aur aupaniveshik vatavaran mein anukoolan key dastavejikaran parr kendrit thaa.
kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein rahate hue unake sahpathi maanav vigyaan key kshetra mein prasiddh hoe gaye jaise; erich wolf, sidney mintz, morton fried, robbert aff. marfi, elliot pee. skinner, aur marvin harris.
1955 seey 1964 taka vilis kewal kolambiya aur newyork key city college mein anshakaalik shikshan praapt karane mein saksham thaa. unhone mahsoos kiya kii kathinaaee iss tathya key kaaran thee kii shwet vidyaalayon mein ashwet vidvaanon key liye rojgar key avsar nyuntam they, jaisa kii ashwet vidyaalayon mein maanavvigyaani key liye avsar they. iss samay key dauran unhone praarambhik aupaniveshik dakshinpurvi uttar america mein bhaaratiya sanskriti key pattern aur kaale-bhaaratiya-shwet sambandhon parr dou lekh prakaashit karane mein apani shodh ruchi kaa peechha kiya.
lekhon mein nasleeya itihas key muddon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya gayaa aur "nasleeya itihas" patrika mein prakaashit kiye gaye. unake shodh prabandh kii tarah inn lekhon ney ack ethanohistorian key roop mein unaki mahatvapurna kshamataon koo sthaapit kiya. donon lekhon ney kuchh muddon key sambandh mein record koo sahee kiya, joe naslavidon dwara galat tareeke seey report kiye gaye they. unakaa drishtikon naveen thaa. maanak aitihaasik granthon kii jaanch karane key alawa, unhone "vyast adhikaariyon aur ardh-sakshar vyapariyon dwara likhe gaye niyamit dastavejon mein abb aur phir paae jaane vaale jaatiya tathyon" kii talash kii aur inn tathyon kii tulanaa adhik parishkrit lekhakon key vistaarit vivaranon (vilis 1957:125) key saath kii. chhatravritti koo una paanch samoohon mein vyaktigat ruchi seey protsaahit kiya gayaa thaa jinka unhone adhyayan kiya thaah cheroki, chocto, chikasau, creaks aur seminol.
vilis ney 1955 seey 1964 taka kolambiya vishvavidyalaya aur newyork shahar key college mein anshakaalik roop seey padhaaya. iss avadhi key dauran unakaa shodh praarambhik aupaniveshik dakshinpurvi uttar america mein thaa. unhone dou lekh prakaashit kiye joe bhaaratiya sanskriti key pattern mein jaatiya-aitihaasik muddon aur kaale-bhaaratiya-shwet sambandhon parr kendrit they. jinn paanch swadeshi samoohon kaa unhone adhyayan kiya aur una parr dhyaan kendrit kiya; chockta, chikasau, cheroki, khaadiyan aur seminol. chikasa,
1964 mein vilis newyork shahar mein kaee saal bitaane key baad texas key dallas laut aae. unhone dallas mein bishap college, texas mein samajik vigyaan vibhaag aur samajshastra vibhaag mein shikshan kii sthiti sweekaar kii. unhone dakshini paddhativaadi vishvavidyalaya mein maanav vigyaan padhaane kaa pada bhee sweekaar kiya. unaki niyukti ney unhein dakshini paddhativaadi vishvavidyalaya key sankaay mein niyukt kiya gayaa pahala ashwet vidwan banaa diyaa. jabaki smoo vilis kaa kaam african americi itihas aur sanskriti key adhyayan parr kendrit thaa. unake kaam dakshini aupaniveshik seema parr kendrit they.
1972 mein, unhone maanav vigyaan vibhaag mein sankaay seey naslavaadi vyavhaar key virodh mein dakshini paddhativaadi vishvavidyalaya seey istifa dey diyaa. smoo vilis seey istifa dene key baad 1975 taka kolambiya vishvavidyalaya key grishmakaaleen satron mein padhaana jaari rakhaa.
1978 mein, vilis philadelphia, pensylvania mein sthanantarit hoe gaye. joe unaki patni jorgen ee kaa grihnagar thaa. oopar kii or. jabaki philadelphia mein vilis key paas americi daarshanik samaaj pustakalaya mein sangrhon taka pahunch thee.
unake poore currier mein kaee anya maanavvigyaani aur maanav vigyaan key kshetra mein chhatron key saath mell-jole rhaa. unhone george aim key saath patrachar kiya. paalak, morton taley hue, elliot pee. skinner, sidney mintz, marvin harris, dell himes, charles aich. fairbanks, reford logan aur arther fosset. reford logan unake aajivan maargdarshak they.
yogdan.
maanav vigyaan mein vilis key yogdan koo maanyata praapt morton fried dwara likhit sifarish patra. unhein dakshinpurvi sanyukt raajya mein aupaniveshik kaal parr desh key adhikaariyon mein seey ack key roop mein morton fried dwara sifarish key patra mein uddhrit kiya gayaa haye."fried ney yeh bhee kahaa kii vilis koo" bhaartiyon, nigro aur europeeya basane vaalon dwara gathit trikon key sandarbh mein aitihaasik samasyaon (iss kshetra kii) kii asamanya roop seey teevra samajh thee."" "kissy bhee sanskriti mein jaati kii samasya key kissy bhee gahan adhyayan key liye", "unhone nishkarsh nikala" "vaseeyat key yogdan key kuchh upayog kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
vilis ney mool americi dakshinpurvi uttari americi samoohon mein pitrivanshiya prathaon key pralekhit udaaharan diye hain jinhen pahale matrivanshiya key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. unhone 18veen shatabdi kii aisee samagri paaee jinhen pahale nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa. unaki parikalpana thee kii matrivanshiya sansthaan aur pitrivanshiya prathaaen saha-astitva mein hoe sakati hain.
vilis key 1957 key lekh 'dha nation off bread' mein unake shodh drishtikon ney aitihaasik vidhi aur boasian maanav vigyaan koo sanyukt kiya. iss drishtikon seey unhone charles aich koo likhe ack patra mein kahaa. fairbank, kii khaadi key sangh "vibhinn saanskritik ikaaiyon key sangh they."jiska prabhaav yeh thaa kii pareekshan ikai rashtra naheen balki shahar thee, aur pratyek shahar kii ack alag sanskriti thee.
uddharan.
(boas key sambandh mein) vilis ney likhaah

