operation astia

operation astania dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran france mein leey hawrey key german-niyantrit channel bandargah parr ack sahayogi hamale kaa kootnam thaa. shahar koo hitler dwara ack "festung" (kilaa) ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa, jise antim vyakti key paas rakhaa jaanaa thaa. 10 seey 12 sitambar 1944 taka ladey gaye, sahayogi uddeshya bandargah suvidhaon koo barkarar rakhna, mahadvipiya europe mein sahayogi senaaon koo aapoorti pradaan karna thaa. kille key commander dwara mukt maarg key prastaav key bavjood, sahyogiyon ney nagrik aabaadi koo baahar nikaalane seey incar curr diyaa.
26 agast seey, shaahi nausena key jahaajon aur shaahi vayu senaa key vimaanon ney shahar kii nakabandi aur vyaapak praarambhik bambari kii, jisamen 2,000 seey adhik nagrik aur 19 german sanic maare gaye. bhoomi hamla british paidal senaa dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen kanadai sainikon sahit 79vein bakhtarband division key visheshagya bakhtarband vaahanon kii sahaayata praapt thee. lagbhag 11,000 purushon kii german senaa ney 12 sitambar koo aatmasamarpan curr diyaa; bandargah buri tarah seey kshatigrast hoe gayaa thaa lekin ise 9 octuber koo phir seey khol diyaa gayaa thaa.
prishthabhoomi.
normandy kaa aakraman.
dee-day, 6 juuna 1944 koo, sahayogi sanic operation overlord mein france key uttari tata parr normandy mein utare aur france kii mukti shuru kii. dee-day parr, sambaddh vimaanon ney tateey topkhaane koo andhaa karane key liye leey hawrey seey ack dhuein kii screen rakhee; ack tarpedo-boat flotilla aur gashti jahaajon kaa ack flotilla bandargah seey ravaana huaa, jisamen dhuein kaa upayog chhalaavaran key liye kiya gayaa thaa. german naukaaen 05:30 parr orn seey 15 torpedo daagne mein kamyab raheen, takrakar doob gaeen aur kaee anya jahaajon koo taalane key liye majboor kiya. 6 julaai koo, sahayogi jahaajon ney aakraman kshetra key purvi hisse trout rekha seey gujarane vaali ack "asamanya vastu" kii soochana dee. usa vastu parr goli chalaai gaee, ack tarpedo launch kiya gayaa aur vaha door chalaa gayaa. isake turant baad kaee aur vastuein dikhaai deen, achchi tarah seey titar-bitar hoe gaeen aur una parr bhee golibari kii gaee. upkaran dou minesweeper koo dubone mein kamyab rahey, jisamen nau doobe hue they aur 26 key sabhi karanon seey pandrah nuksan hue they joe leey haver seey ravaana hue they; baad mein yeh paaya gayaa kii way "key-verband" (chhoti yuddh ikaaiyon) kii "neiger" madhyam pandubbiyan theen. 21 kii raat koo "negger" ney leey hawrey chhod diyaa aur sabhi doob gaye, unake adhikansh sanchaalak maare gaye, kyonki ack british minesweeper doob gayaa aur polish cruiser orp "dragon" talwar key samudra tata seey kshatigrast hoe gayaa aur toot gayaa.
juuna-agast.
raaf bamvarshak kamaan ney 14 juuna kii shaam koo leey hawrey parr hamla kiya, bice 617 squadron lankester bamvarshak aur machchar lakshya marker pahale ee-naav ("snellboot, aiss-boot" [tej naav]) parr lambe ladke key bumm giraane key liye aur ack lambe ladke ney chhat mein pravesh kiya, jisane ee-naav key khatare koo samaapt karane key liye bahut kuchh kiya. dambster key baad 228 aur lancaster aae aur teen ghante baad 116 vimaanon kii doosari lahar aaee, jisamen bumm bandargah aur vimaan-rodhi bandook kii sthiti seey takra rahey they. yuddh shuru honey key baad seey bamvarshak kamaan dwara kiya gayaa yeh sabse badaa dinn kaa hamla thaa. sanyog seey, leey hawrey mein vimaan-rodhi bandookon koo kshetra mein "luftwafe" vimaan kii raksha key liye golibari seey pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur bamvarshakon ney lagbhag 1,000 marine koo maar daala thaa, jeevit bache logon kaa manobal giraaya aur nau ee-naukaaon vaale nau poton koo nasht curr diyaa thaa, jinamen 5vein aur 9vein bede kii 9 ee-naukaaen shamil theen, joe doob gaee theen, dou gambhir roop seey kshatigrast hoe gaeen aur thodi kshatigrast hoe gaeen, bandargah mein paanch tarpedo naukaaon mein seey teen (vidhvansak key samaan) doob gaeen, bees minesweeper aur gashti naukaaen aur unnis tugg key saath; kaee sahayak jahaaj doob gaye aur aathh anya jahaaj kshatigrast hoe gaye.
crigsmarine" samooh kamaan paschim key tatkalin pramukh admiral theoder crank ney chhaape koo ack aapada kahaa aur yuddh diarry mein likhaa, "niyojit abhiyaanon koo anjam denaa mushkil seey sambhav hoga...leey haver parr cull key hamale key baad seey. juuna key madhya mein kuchh ee-naukaaen leey hawrey pahunch gaeen lekin julaai key anta taka, channel tata parr kewal chhah ee-naukaaen chaalu hoe gaeen. nausena ney purvi paarshv mein sahayak squadron kaa gathan kiya, joe chhote bandook seey lais jahaajon kaa ack samooh thaa, joe dinn key dauran bhoomi lakshyon parr bambari karane aur raat mein apatatiya gasht karane key liye tata parr aatey they. squadron ney ee-naukaaon aur key-verband key saath kaee sanghrshon kaa saamana kiya; germans ney raat koo bees "linsen" (visfotak motor boat) udaanen, pachas seey adhik "marder" (midgate pandubbiyan) aur nae "dackle" tide circling torpedo key saath kaee ee-boat hamale bheje; adhikansh german shilp doob gaye they. dee-day key baad ack motor tarpedo naav, dou landing jahaaj, tank, teen vyaapaari jahaaj, dou landing craft aur dou tugg doobane key baad ee-naukaaon dwara raat kii udaanen leey hawrey mein sthanantarit kii gaeen; chhah ee-naukaaen doob gaeen aur duss exchange mein kshatigrast hoe gaeen.
"utsav" leey hawrey.
leey hawrey channel bandargaahon mein sabse mahatvapurna thaa aur tunn kshamata key liye francisi bandargaahon mein marcels key baad dusare sthaan parr thaa, jisamen samudra mein jaane vaale jahaajon koo praapt karane mein saksham ghaat they. aprail kii shuruat seey sanchaalan maple mein, british vimaanon aur jahaajon ney leey hawrey aur bandargaahon koo aage uttar mein khadanon mein daal diyaa, jisane bandargah koo lambe samay taka bund curr diyaa. sitambar 1944 kii shuruat mein, 15veen senaa (general gustaav-adolph wonn zanzen) key german sainikon ney bandargah seey laker choton taka tateey kshetra key ack hisse parr kabja curr liya, joe sitambar kii shuruat seey pahali kanadai senaa dwara hamale key adheen thaa. bandargah parr teen parr paani thaa
kinaaron parr, paschim mein channel, poorv mein lezarde nadee kii ghaati aur dakshin mein seane muhaane key muhaane seey nahar dee tancarville. leey hawrey key uttar mein, jameen oonchi jameen taka khadee hoti haye jahan taka cape day laa have kii chattaanen aur uttar mein tata taka haye. lezarde aur fontain nadee ghaatiyan iss kshetra koo dou pathaaron mein vibhajit karati hain, uttari pathaar fontain key dakshin aur paschim mein nadiyon aur dakshin pathaar key beach haye, joe bandargah koo dekhta haye; antardeshiya dakshin pathaar phore dee montjan seey dhakaa huaa haye.
germans ney lezarde ghaati seey montevilliers key paas seey octavil-sur-meir mein tata taka ack tank-rodhi khaai khodi thee, joe khadanon, kantedar taar aur concreet kii rakshaatmak sthitiyon seey dhaki hui thee. dakshini pathaar key shikhar parr, dou kileband sthaanon ney shahar aur bandargah key pravesh dwaar koo cover kiya aur bhavya bund tateey topkhaane kii battery aaney vaale jahaajon koo shamil curr sakati thee. garrison key paas 115 bandooken, bahut saaree machine-bandooken aur mortar (isaki kaee tank-rodhi bandooken sitambar seey pahale normandy bheji gaee theen aur khou gaee theen) nabbe dinon key liye 14,000 purushon key liye golaa-barud aur aapoorti thee. fontain laa mallet key paas kaee thhos bandook pratisthaapan key saath majboot bindu 8 thaa, joe bandargah key uttari drishtikon koo cover karane vaali ack shrinkhala kaa pahala thaa. khadanon aur talabon kii baadhaon koo jaldbaji mein banaaya gayaa thaa aur majboot binduon key aadhar parr ack purani aur adhuri yojana parr adhiropit kiya gayaa thaa. majboot bindu 8 key paschim mein jameen tankon key liye anupayukt haye, lekin majboot bindu seey lazard taka jameen sapaat aur nirbaadh haye, donon taraf ack komal-dhalaan key saath, donon taraf key pathaar majboot bindu key samaan oonchaai parr hain, joe dhaara koo adesh detaa haye, tank-rodhi khaai vee-aakar kii thee, sheersh parr chaudi thee aur gahari seey adhik lekin nirantar naheen thee.
seane koo paar karna.
sambaddh aakraman yojanaon key liye aavashyak thaa kii 21vein senaa samooh (general bernard montgomeri) key baaen hisse parr pahali kanadai senaa (general hairi crarer) koo ruen key nichale hisse koo paar karna chaahiye aur leey hawrey praaydweep mein baaen mudanaa chaahiye aur sahayogi aapoorti prayaas key liye leey hawrey aur isake railway connection, diape, callis aur dunkirk parr kabja karane key liye daaen haath seey paarshv yuddhabhyas karna chaahiye. agast kii raat koo, pahali kanadai senaa dwara seane koo paar karna shuru kiya gayaa aur 30 agast koo ruen parr kabja curr liya gayaa, aaee core ney nichale seane koo paar karane key liye harr usa saadhan kaa upayog kiya joe behtar hoe sakata thaa joe pull naheen thaa aur II kanadai core aage nadee parr. donon core koo kramshah leey hawrey aur diape parr kabja karane aur phir tateey kshetra koo choton taka saaf karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. german 7veen senaa koo nichale seane koo chhodane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa aur 31 agast taka, 15veen senaa koo diape seey newfchattel taka ack rekha rakhane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin sahayogi agrim kii gati ney some mein peechhe hatane key liye majboor curr diyaa. operation fucillade mein, 1 sitambar koo dusare kanadai division dwara diape mein nirvirodh pravesh kiya gayaa thaa aur 51 vaan highland infantory division sent-valery mein chalaa gayaa, chaar saal baad mool highland division key adhikansh hisse koo vahaan aatmasamarpan karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa. 4 sitambar koo leey hawrey key baahar 49vein (paschim sawari) division mein pahaadi loga shamil hoe gaye. jaise hii kanadai senaa ney leey haver parr apane hamale kii taiyari kii, 26 agast seey sahayogi nausenaon dwara samudri maarg koo karib seey avaruddh curr diyaa gayaa thaa; bandargah abhee bhee german kabje mein sabse paschimi thaa aur "criegsmarine" ney aapoorti koo ander laane aur jahaajon koo abhee bhee tairate hue baahar nikaalane kii koshish kii. agali chaar raaton key dauran leey hawrey seey ravaana honey vaale kafile parr hamla kiya gayaa aur kuchh jahaaj fisalane mein kamyab rahey; nau jahaaj doob gaye aur 30 agast taka bandargah khaali hoe gayaa thaa.
prastaavana.
german raksha.
14 agast 1944 koo, curnell herman-eberhard wildermuth ney kille kii kamaan sambhali aur baad mein kull 11,000 seey adhik karmiyon mein seey lagbhag 8,000 purushon parr garrison kii prabhaavi taakat rakhee. wildermuth mein 226vein paidal senaa prabhaag aur 245vein paidal senaa prabhaag key ack "festungs stam abtilung" (kilaa cadder ikai) tatva they; suraksha resiment 5 kii ack batalian, marine aur kuchh nausena karmi. lagbhag 160,000 logon kii samanya aabaadi seey lagbhag 50,000 francisi nagrik bandargah mein baney rahey. 9 sitambar koo, wildermuth ney adesh diyaa kii paidal senaa key hamalon kaa pratirodh kiya jaanaa chaahiye, yahaan taka kii pistaul key saath bhee, lekin jaba tankon ney hamla kiya, tou jinn majboot binduon parr koee tank-rodhi bandook naheen thee, way aatmasamarpan curr sakate they; antim vyakti seey ladane key bajaay, garrison koo antim tank-rodhi bandook taka virodh karna thaa. hamale seey pahale, rakshakon koo ack ultimatum diyaa gayaa thaa aur aatmasamarpan karane kaa ahwan kiya gayaa thaa; wildermuth ney nagrikon koo nikaalane kaa anurodh karke iska jawab diyaa, yeh dekhate hue kii hitler key aadeshon koo antim vyakti koo "festung leey haver" aayojit karna thaa. wildermuth ney british manavata seey appeal kii aur bambari abhiyaan shuru honey key baad bhee apane prastaav koo dohraya, lekin phir seey aswikar curr diyaa gayaa. croker ney faisala sunaaya kii nagrikon koo baahar nikaalane key liye prastaavit dou divasiya yuddhaviram mein bahut lamba samay lagega aur bandargah parr kabja karane mein deree hogi.
sambaddh taiyari.
leey hawrey kilebandi koo naram karane key liye ack nausena aur havaai bambari kii yojana banaai gaee thee. yuddhapot aur monitor ney kaee dinon mein bandargah parr kaee golon seey bambari kii. 5 sitambar koo, "erabus" koo grand close battery seey ack hitt seey asthaayi roop seey kaarravaai seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen ack aur dou bandooken theen; bandargah raksha mein 44 madhyam aur feeled bandooken aur 32 vimaan-rodhi bandooken bhee theen. 5 sitambar koo bamvarshak kamaan divas parr hamla saat chhaapon mein seey pahala thaa. 8 sitambar koo 109 vimaanon dwara samaan sankhya mein vimaanon key hamale kii raat koo ack aur dinn kii chhapemari kii gaee; kharaab mausam key kaaran 9 sitambar koo ack chhapemari koo radd karna padaa, lekin chhaape bamon key madhyam seey udaaye gaye. 10 sitambar koo, lagbhag saath bamvarshakon ney grand close battery parr hamla kiya, jisake baad "waraspit" aur "erabus" seey bambari hui, jisane german bandookon koo kaarravaai seey baahar curr diyaa. bamvarshak kamaan dopahar mein vaapas aaee aur ack aur bumm giraaya kyonki british divisional topkhaane aur chauthe aur nauvein senaa samooh royal artillery (aagara) ney chhaapon key dauran jawabi-hamla kiya. jamini hamale seey pahale, raaf ney 1,863 lankester aur halifax bhaari bamvarshak udaanen bharee aur bumm giraaye. havaai aur nausainik bambari mein lagbhag 2,000 francisi nagrik aur 19 german maare gaye.
sambaddh yojana.
uttar-paschim europe abhiyaan (6 juuna 1944-8 maee 1945) key dauran, british visheshagya tank 79vein bakhtarband prabhaag (mejar-general persey hobart) mein aayojit kiye gaye they aur vishesh sanchaalan key liye anya ikaaiyon seey judey they. astania key liye, 79vein bakhtarband division ney 49vein division koo 222vein assault squadron ray (evre), 22vein dragon key dou kekade squadron aur 141veen resiment royal bakhtarband core (141 rack) kaa ack magarmachcha squadron pradaan kiya. division mein 34veen bakhtarband brigade aur pahali kanadai bakhtarband vaahak resiment bhee thee, jisaki kamaan 44 kangaru key haathon mein thee. aaee core yojana mein, charan I mein 49vein division ney uttari morche parr dakshin mein majboot binduon koo pakad liya aur fontain koo paar kiya. charan IIA mein pahaadi loga daaeen or seey paar karenge aur Iib mein 49vein division koo dakshini pathaar parr kabja karna thaa. dusare charan mein pahaadi ilaake key loga octaville aur leey hawrey key uttar kii unchaaiyon key aspas jameen parr utarenge aur chauthe charan mein, sabhi senaayen shahar parr kabja karane key avsaron kaa berahami seey laabh uthaane key liye theen.
hamla.
10 sitambar.
majboot bindu 8 key poorv mein khaai dhalaan key sheersh key paas thee, jisake saamane khadaan kshetra thaa. 56veen paidal senaa brigade (brigadier aim. aiss. ekin) koo 49vein division front parr hamla karna thaa.hamale kii yojana german raksha mein pravesh karane kii thee taaki aage kii senaaon koo hamla karane kii anumati dee jaa sakey, phir inn laabhon koo aage badhaaya jaa sakey aur shahar parr kabja curr liya jaa sakey. 10 sitambar koo dou divisions kaa hamla 17:45 ghante parr shuru huaa, jisamen nausena key bambari jahaajon ney bandargah kii raksha karane vaali tateey baitariyon koo shamil kiya aur raaf bamvarshak shoonya ghante seey nabbe minut pahale atirikt bumm giraaye. 79vein bakhtarband division aur pahali kanadai bakhtarband vaahak resiment, jaise kangaru aur sherman kekade vaahanon kii visheshagya ikaaiyon kii sahaayata seey, hamale kaa pahala hissa teji seey aage badhaa, jisamen minefield key madhyam seey antaral koo saaf kiya gayaa aur tank-rodhi gaddhon koo toda diyaa gayaa. 49vein (paschim sawari) paidal senaa division ney pahale leey hawrey paridhi key uttar-purvi khand mein pravesh kiya, isake baad 51vein (uchch bhoomi) paidal senaa division ney uttar seey apane daahine hisse parr hamla kiya. vishesh kavach key liye hamla mahanga thaa, bhaari barish ney nadee key kinaaron koo pathaaron kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik dhundhala banaa diyaa, jisase flell aur anya vaahan sabse kamjor hoe gaye. 79vein bakhtarband division ney 34 kekade anty-mine flail tank, dou kamaand tank aur 6 bakhtarband vaahan shaahi engineeron (aeye. vee. aar. ee.) vaahanon koo khou diyaa.
11-12 sitambar.
dusare dinn, feriwale toofaan aur bakhtarband vaahanon key samarthan seey hamla jaari rhaa; churchill magarmachcha kii lau fenkane vaale tankon key khatare kaa saamana karate hue, antim baahari raksha majboot binduon ney 14:00 ghanton mein aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. hamale key teesare dinn donon divisions kii paidal senaa ney shahar key kendra koo khaali curr diyaa, jisase german garrison commander key aadhikarik aatmasamarpan koo 12 sitambar koo majboor honah padaa; 11,300 german sainikon koo pakad liya gayaa aur yuddh key kaidiyon key roop mein nazarband curr diyaa gayaa.
isake baad.
vishleshan.
mausam key bavjood, bambari ney bandargah kii raksha mein bahut baadha daali aur 10 sitambar koo jamini abhiyaan shuru honey seey thheek pahale antim hamale ney bachavkartaon key beach bahut avyavastha paida curr dee. operation ack model sanyukt operation thaa jisamen badey paimaane parr maarak kshamata dwara samarthit sett-pees hamalon mein british laabh kaa kushalata seey dohan kiya gayaa thaa. hamale kii gati aur achche samay koo banaae rakhane parr bahut jore diyaa gayaa thaa, hamale mein samanya savdhani koo kissy bhee sanket kaa fayda uthaane key liye shithil kiya gayaa thaa kii rakshak gir rahey they. jabaki operation key dauran kuchh sahayogi hataahat hue they, bandargah key buniyaadi dhaanche koo gambhir nuksan huaa thaa, dock aur 15,000 imaaraten nasht hoe gaee theen, lekin 9 octuber taka bandargah phir seey khol diyaa gayaa thaa. wildermuth ney daavaa kiya kii tank-rodhi bandookon kii kamee ney bandargah kii lambi raksha koo roque diyaa thaa, lekin anya kaidiyon ney kahaa kii roose kaa anubhav bhee bambari kii tulanaa mein cumm kathin thaa. mitravat nagrik hatahaton key ghotale key kaaran, callace koo gherne vaale sahayogi balon ney nagrikon koo hamale seey pahale nikaalane kii anumati dee; dunkirk koo taba taka chhipaaya gayaa jaba taka kii germany ney 8 maee 1945 koo aatmasamarpan naheen curr diyaa.
hataahat.
british aadhikarik itihas mein, lionel ellis ney 500 seey cumm sahayogi hatahaton key liye 11,300 german kaidiyon koo pakadane kaa record kiya. 1960 mein, kanada key aadhikarik itihaaskaar charles stacy ney 11,302 kaidiyon aur 388 hatahaton koo aaee core mein diyaa. 2014 mein, johnn plant ney likhaa kii 22vein dragon ney apane 33 flell tank aur dou kamaand tank mein seey 29 khou diye, 222vein assault squadron ney paanch evre khou diye aur saatven aar. tii. aar. dwara chhah tank khou diye, lekin adhikansh nuksan khadanon key kaaran huaa thaa aur marammat yogya thaa, 22vein dragon nuksan mein seey kewal gyaarah koo hii radd curr diyaa gayaa thaa. havaai aur nausainik bambari mein lagbhag 2,000 francisi nagrik aur 19 german maare gaye they.

