
parivartaniya byaaj ikai

ack parivartaniya byaaj ikai (vie) ack kanuni sanrachana haye jise vittiya lekha maanak board (fasb) dwara una sthitiyon key liye paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye jahaan ack kanuni ikai parr niyantran koo matdan key adhikaaron key alawa anya sadhanon key madhyam seey pradarshit kiya jaa sakata haye. aisee sansthaon mein vittiya hita vaali saarvajanik company kuchh vittiya reporting aavashyaktaon key adheen hoe sakati haye.
2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein enron ghotale mein apani bhoomika key kaaran veez ney kukhyaati praapt kii, jahan company ney niveshakon seey badhate nuksan koo chhipaane key liye vishesh uddeshya vaali sansthaon kaa upayog kiya. cheeni companiyon dwara bhee kaaryarat kiya gayaa haye, jaise kii alibaba, cheeni sarkaar key niyamon koo darkinar karane key liye joe kuchh parisampattiyon aur udyogon key videshi swaamitva koo pratibandhit karate hain, iss prakaar videshi poonji taka pahunch praapt karate hain.
videshi niveshakon koo pradaan kii gaee paardarshita kii kamee aur seemit adhikaaron key liye veez koo aalochana kaa saamana karna padaa haye, kuchh visheshagyon ney bhavishya kii soochiyon parr pratibandh lagaane aur veez kaa upayog karke maujooda cheeni companiyon koo soochibaddh karane kaa ahwan kiya haye.
prishthabhoomi.
aff. aeye. aiss. bee. key lekha maanak samhitaakaran (aeye. aiss. see.) 810, "samekan", ack reporting ikai (ee.jee.ack saarvajanik company) koo reporting ikai key vittiya vivaranon mein ack sahayak key roop mein ack kanuni ikai koo samekit karna chaahiye. yadi samekit kiya jaataa haye, tou reporting ikai sahayak kii parisampattiyon, dendaariyon aur reporting ikai key samekit vittiya vivaranon mein usa kanuni ikai key kissy bhee gair-niyantrit hiton key liye jimmedaar hogi. yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye kii kyaa ack kanuni ikai koo samekit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, reporting ikai koo pahale yeh aaklan karna chaahiye kii kyaa kanuni ikai ack wii. aaee. haye. ack ikai joe ack parivartaniya byaaj ikai naheen haye, usey matdan byaaj ikai key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. matdan byaaj ikai model key tahat, ack kanuni ikai key matdan hiton key bahumat key swaamitva key saath ack reporting ikai aam taur parr usa kanuni ikai koo samekit karegi. haalaanki, vee. aaee. model una sthitiyon key liye sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa jinamen niyantran koo ack kanuni ikai mein matdan key adhikaar key kabje key alawa anya pradarshan kiya jaa sakata haye. tadnusar, aeye. aiss. see. 810 key liye aavashyak haye kii sabhi samekan vishleshan pahale vichaar karein kii kyaa ack kanuni ikai matdan byaaj sansthaon key liye margadarshan lagu karane seey pahale ack paksh haye.
2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein apane niveshakon seey badhate nuksan koo chhipaane key liye enron dwara vishesh uddeshya vaali sansthaon kaa "rachanaatmak" upayog karane key baad veez pramukhta seey aaya. cheeni companiyon key liye, vis ney unhein videshi poonji taka pahunch praapt karane kii anumati dee haye joe anyatha kuchh parisampattiyon aur udyogon key videshi swaamitva key khilaf cheeni sarkaar key niyamon key kaaran upalabdh naheen hogi.
visheshataaen.
ack vee. aaee. ack kanuni ikai haye jisamen aff. aeye. aiss. bee. aeye. aiss. see. 810-10-15-14 mein ullikhit teen maandandon mein seey koee bhee nimnanusar haih
share banaam. paaramparik stock pramanpatra.
stock kaa ack hissa, yaa ack stock pramanpatra, company key ack hisse key swaamitva koo pramaanit kartaa haye. dusare shabdon mein, yeh company kii parisampattiyon mein kanuni hita kaa pramaan pradaan kartaa haye.
isake vipareet, ack vee. aaee. share (jise aksar galati seey stock kaa hissa kahaa jaataa haye) ack company key laabh key pratishat key liye ack anubandh adhikaar key swaamitva koo pramaanit kartaa haye. paaramparik stock pramanpatra key vipareet, vee. aaee. ee. share poori tarah seey alag company kii parisampattiyon mein kanuni swaamitva hita pradaan kartaa haye, jise kabhi-kabhi ack shale company key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. vee. aaee. ee. share dwara pramaanit anubandh adhikaar (1) vee. aaee. ee. share parr naamit company aur (2) shale company key beach ack anubandh seey praapt hotaa haye.
dusare shabdon mein, sharedharakon key paas kewal poori tarah seey alag shale company mein ack paaramparik stock pramanpatra hotaa haye, joe ack niji anubandh key madhyam seey naamit company key laabh key pratishat kaa hakdar hotaa haye.
alibaba ack udaaharan key roop mein.
udaaharan key liye, chean mein sabse badee khudra vikreta aur ee-commers company alibaba, yuu kii anumati dene vaali ack vi sanrachana kaa upayog karati haye.aiss. niveshak newyork stock exchange (nvise) parr alibaba mein vie share kharidenge. sitambar 2014 mein, ticker prateek baaba key tahat, alibaba lagbhag 68 dollar key share moolya parr newyork mein saarvajanik huaa.
baaba sharedharakon key paas alibaba samooh holding limitted mein americi depository sheyaron key madhyam seey ack hissedari haye, joe ack cayman dweep-panjikrit ikai haye, joe chean mein alibaba kii sampatti seey laabh kaa ack pratishat praapt karane key anubandh key tahat haye. baaba sharedharakon kaa cheeni-panjikrit alibaba company kii sampattiyon mein koee swaamitva hita naheen haye; unaki company key laabh key kewal ack hisse mein apratyaksh hissedari haye.
nimnalikhit cayman dweepon mein panjikrit alibaba key form aff-1 kaa ack ansh haih "anya kshetron key beach, moolya vardhit dursanchar sevaaon mein videshi swaamitva aur nivesh parr pee. aar. see. kanuni pratibandhon key kaaran, jisamen internet samagri pradaata shamil hain, yaa aaee. see. pee. aiss., humm apane internet vyavsaayon aur anya vyavsaayon koo sanchaalit karate hain, jinamen videshi nivesh poori tarah seey videshi swaamitva vaale udyamon, bahusankhyak swaamitva vaali sansthaon aur parivartaniya byaaj sansthaon key madhyam seey pee. aar. see. mein pratibandhit yaa pratibandhit haye. praasangik parivartaniya byaaj ikaaiyaan, joe pee. aar. see. nagrikon key swaamitva mein hain yaa pee. aar. see. nagrikon key swaamitva vaali pee. aar. see. sansthaon key swaamitva mein hain, aaee. see. pee. licenses rakhti hain aur hamaare internet vyavsaayon key liye vibhinn websites kaa sanchaalan karati hain. vishesh roop seey, hamari parivartaniya byaaj ikaaiyaan aam taur parr jack maa, hamaare pramukh sansthaapak, karyakari adhyaksh aur hamaare pramukh sharedharakon mein seey ack, aur hamaare sansthapakon mein seey ack aur hamaare prabandhan key sadasya, saiman zee key swaamitva mein hain. yeye samvidaatmak vyavasthaaen saamoohik roop seey hamein parivartaniya byaaj sansthaon parr prabhaavi niyantran rakhane mein saksham banaati hain aur una sabhi aarthik jokhimon aur laabhon kaa paryaapt roop seey ehsas karaati hain joe parivartansheel byaaj sansthaon seey utpann hotey hain... anubandh vyavasthaaen pratyaksh swaamitva key roop mein parichaalan niyantran pradaan karane mein utani prabhaavi naheen hoe sakati hain."
julaai 2021 mein, bloomberg news ney bataaya kii alibaba jaise saarvajanik roop seey jaane vaale cheeni niyamakon seey unake bhavishya key prastaavon mein aage kii jaanch praapt hoe sakati haye.
aalochana.
robbert dee. ack arthashastri aur soochana praudyogiki aur navachar foundation key adhyaksh atkinson ney kahaa kii veez ney aapako anumati dee haye.aiss. cheeni vyavsaayon kii "apaardarshi" apatatiya shale companiyon mein khareedane key liye niveshak. unhone kahaa kii "yuu.aiss. niveshakon key paas naa kewal kuchh adhikaar hain, balki unake paas [farmon] key aantarik kamkaj mein bhee seemit antardrishti haye, "yuu. parr soochibaddh anya farmon key vipareet.aiss. exchange, cheeni farmon kaa saarvajanik audit naheen kiya jaataa haye jisaki sameeksha yuu. dwara kii jaati haye.aiss. niyamakon."atkinson ney cheeni companiyon kii bhavishya kii soochi parr pratibandh lagaane key saath-saath maujooda companiyon koo bhee soochi seey hataane kaa sujhaav diyaa.

