
ernst thalman

ernst johannes fritz thalman (16 aprail 1886-18 agast 1944) ack german communist rajneta they, aur 1925 seey 1933 taka germany kii communist party (kpd) key netaa they.
ack pratibaddh communist, thalman ney veemar ganarajya kii raajneetik asthirta key dauran ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai, vishesh roop seey isake antim varshon mein, jaba kpd ney spasht roop seey ganarajya key udaar loktantra koo ukhaad fenkane kii maang kii. unake netritva mein kpd soviyat sangh kii sarkaar aur joseph stallin kii neetiyon key saath ghanishth roop seey judaa huaa thaa. thalman key netritva mein kpd ney soshal democratic party (spd) koo apana mukhya virodhi maanaa aur party ney yeh sthiti apnai kii samajik loktantravaadi "samajik fasiwadi" they.
thalman ardhsainik bull "rotter frontcomparband" key netaa bhee they. unhein 1933 mein gestapo dwara giraftar kiya gayaa thaa aur gyaarah varshon taka ekant karawas mein rakhaa gayaa thaa; raajneetik karanon seey, germany key saath molotov-rebentrop samjhaute key baad stallin ney apani rihaai kii maang naheen kii, aur thalman kii party key pratidvandi walter ulbrich ney unaki or seey guhaar lagaane key anurodhon koo nazarandaj curr diyaa. thalman koo 1944 mein buchenwald mein adolph hitler key vyaktigat adesh parr goli maar dee gaee thee.
parivaar aur shuruati saal.
ernst thalman key maataa-pitaa, johannes thalman (jinhen 'zaan' kahaa jaataa haye; 11 aprail 1857, vederan (holstein)-31 octuber 1933), ack khet mazdoor, aur mairi-magdlean (nee "cohpace"; 8 navambar 1857, kirchwarder-9 march 1927) ney 1884 mein hamberg mein shaadi kii. ernst key maataa-pitaa kaa koee party sambaddhata naheen thee; unake pitaa key vipareet, unaki maan gahari dhaarmik theen.
ernst key janm key baad, usake maataa-pitaa ney hamberg key bandargah key paas ack pub koo apane haath mein leey liya. 4 aprail 1887 koo unaki bahan frieda kaa janm huaa (8 julaai 1967 koo hamberg mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee). march 1892 mein, thalman key maataa-pitaa koo doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur dou saal kii jail kii sajaa sunai gaee kyonki unhone chori key saman kii baad lagaa dee thee yaa unhein rinn bhugtan key liye leey gaye they. ernst aur frieda koo alag-alag paalak parivaaron mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. thalman key maataa-pitaa koo jaldi riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa; maee mein unaki maan, aur octuber 1893 mein unake pitaa. unake maataa-pitaa key aparaadh kaa upayog 36 saal baad ernst thalman key khilaf abhiyaan mein kiya gayaa thaa.
1893 seey 1900 taka, thalman ney praathamik vidyalaya mein padhaai kii. baad mein unhone itihas, praakritik itihas, lock kathaaon, ganit, gymnastic aur khelon koo apane pasandida vishayon key roop mein varnit kiya. lekin, unhein dharm pasand naheen thaa. 1890 key dashak key madhya mein, unake maataa-pitaa ney hamberg key upnagar ilbeck mein ack sabji, koyla aur vaigan kii dukaan kholi. yuva ernst ney school key baad vyavasaay mein kaam kiya aur kakshaaen shuru honey seey pahale subah apana school kaa kaam kiya. iss bojh key bavjood, thalman ack achche chhaatr they jinhen seekhane mein anand aataa thaa. vaha ack shikshak banana yaa ack vyavasaay seekhana chaahata thaa, lekin usake maataa-pitaa ney usey vittiya sahaayata dene seey incar curr diyaa. unhein apane maataa-pitaa key vyavasaay mein kaam karna jaari rakhna padaa, jisase unake maataa-pitaa key saath bahut dukh aur sangharsh huaa. isaliye, unhone bandargah mein ack akushal karmchari key roop mein naukari kii maang kii. yahaan duss varsheeya thalman navambar 1896 seey farwari 1897 taka hadtaal parr bandare key shramikon key sampark mein aaya thaa, jise hamberg docker kii hadtaal key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
ghar chhodana; pratham vishva yuddh; registan.
1902 kii shuruat mein, unhone ghar chhod diyaa. way pahale ack aapaatkaaleen aashray mein rahate they, baad mein ack tahakhaane key apartment mein, aur 1904 mein way bhaap seey chalane vaale malvahak jahaaj "america" parr ack agnishaamak they, jisane bhee america kii yatra kii thee. way 1903 key dauran ack samajik loktaantrik party key sadasya they. 1 farwari 1904 koo, way "germany key vyaapaar, parivahan aur yatayat shramikon key kendriya sangh" mein shamil hoe gaye aur 'vibhaag carter' key adhyaksh baney. 1913 mein, unhone raajneetik maangon koo lagu karane key liye aiss. pee. dee. kii kaarravaai key saadhan key roop mein saamoohik hadtaal key liye rossa luxemberg key ahwan kaa samarthan kiya. 1913 seey 1914 taka, unhone ack coach key roop mein kapade dhone key liye kaam kiya.
janwari 1915 mein, pratham vishva yuddh mein sainya seva key liye bulaaye jaane seey ack dinn pahale, unhone rossa coach seey shaadi kii. unhein paschimi morche parr topkhaane mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa, jahan way yuddh key anta taka rahey, shampen kii ladaai (1915-1916), some kii ladaai (1916), araas kii ladaai (1917), aisane kii doosari ladaai (1917), cambry kii ladaai (1917), aur soyson kii ladaai (1918) mein bhaag liya. apani seva key liye, thalman koo lauh cross dwiteeya shreni, hansiatic cross aur ghaav baij (dou baar) praapt huaa.
1917 key anta mein, vaha germany kii swatantra samajik loktaantrik party (yuu. aiss. pee. dee.) key sadasya bunn gaye. octuber 1918 key anta mein, jaba thalman ghar seey chhutti parr they, tou chaar saathi sainikon key saath saath chhod diyaa. 9 navambar 1918 koo unhone paschimi morche parr apani diarry mein likhaa...2 baje 4 comrade key saath saamane seey ack bunk kiya."
"communistische party duchlands" (kpd).
apane palayan key baad, vaha hamberg mein german kranti mein sakriya they joe 29 octuber 1918 koo shuru hui thee. march 1919 seey, vaha hamberg mein yuu. aiss. pee. dee. key adhyaksh they, hamberg sansad key sadasya they, aur rojgar karyalaya mein ack achche vetan vaali naukari lene seey pahale hamberg shahar key park mein ack raahat karyakarta key roop mein kaam karate they. vahaan, vaha inspector key pada taka pahunch gaye.
jaba yuu. aiss. pee. dee. iss sawal parr vibhajit hoe gayaa kii kyaa communist international (commintern) mein shamil honah haye, tou thalman ney navambar 1920 mein key. pee. dee. key saath vilay honey vaale saamyavaadi samarthak gutt kaa paksh liya, aur agale disambar mein thalman koo key. pee. dee. kii kendriya samiti key liye chunaa gayaa. march 1921 mein unhein unaki raajneetik gatividhiyon key kaaran rojgar karyalaya mein unaki naukari seey nikaal diyaa gayaa thaa. usa garmi mein thalman masco mein comintern kii congress mein kpd key pratinidhi they aur vyaktigat roop seey vladmir lenin seey mille they. juuna 1922 mein, atee-rashtravadi samooh key dutawas key aatankvaadiyon ney unake bhootal key flat mein ack hathgola fenka, lekin hatyaa kaa prayaas whiffle hoe gayaa aur vaha butch gaye.
thalman ney octuber 1923 key hamberg vidroh koo sangathit karane mein madad kii-haalaanki, yeh whiffle rhaa, aur thalman koo chhipane key liye majboor honah padaa. janwari 1924 key anta mein lenin kii mrityu key baad, thalman ney masco kaa daura kiya aur apane bear mein gaard off onar banaae rakhaa. farwari 1924 seey way kpd key upaadhyaksh they aur maee seey, ack reachstag sadasya they. julaai 1924 mein commintern kii 5veen congress mein unhein commintern karyakari samiti key liye chunaa gayaa aur kuchh samay baad unhein isaki sanchaalan samiti key liye chunaa gayaa. farwari 1925 mein way kpd key ardhsainik sangathan, "rotter frontcomparband" (rfb) key adhyaksh baney (halanki iss sangathan koo 1929 mein shaasi samajik loktantriyon dwara blutmy ("khooni hoe sakata haye", neeche dekhein) kii ghatnaaon key baad pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa). octuber 1925 mein thalman kpd key adhyaksh baney aur iss prakaar german rashtrapati pada key liye ack ummidwar baney. rashtrapati chunaav key dusare daur mein thalman kii ummidwari ney kendra-vaam vote koo vibhajit curr diyaa, yeh sunishchit karate hue kii roodhivaadi paul wonn hindenberg ney kendra party key wilhelm marks koo haraaya.
octuber 1926 mein thalman ney apane grih nagar hamberg mein dockers kii hadtaal kaa samarthan kiya. unhone ise 1 maee koo shuru hui british khanikon kii hadtaal key saath ekjutata key kaary key roop mein dekhaa, halanki yeh hadtaal koyale key vaikalpik aapurtikarta key roop mein hamberg docks key liye laabhdaayak rahee thee.
kpd banaam aiss. pee. dee.
1918 kii kranti key baad, spartacist vidroh key dauran sarkaar ney spartacists key narsamhar aur kpd netaaon rossa luxemberg aur carle libechnake key nishpaadan kaa adesh diyaa. usee varsh german senaa ney aiss. pee. dee. key netritva vaali ganarajya sarkaar key adesh parr bavarian soviyat ganarajya key khilaf sainya bull kaa istemal kiya. 1920 mein, ruhar mein vidroh kaa ack bhayankar daman huaa.
juuna 1929 mein berlin-wading mein kpd kii 12veen party congress mein, thalman ney spd key saath takraav kii neeti apnai. isake baad "khooni maee" kii ghatanaaen huin, jisamen 32 loga pulis dwara pradarshanon koo dabaane key prayaas mein maare gaye they, jinhen aantarik mantri, carle saving, ack samajik loktantravaadi dwara pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
thalman key kpd ney iss prakaar spd koo apane mukhya raajneetik dushman key roop mein ladaa, joe comminteran neeti key anusaar kaary kartaa thaa jisane samajik loktantravadiyon koo "samajik fasiwadi" ghoshit kiya thaa. isase donon vampanthi dalon key liye adolph hitler key udbhav key khilaf ack saath kaam karna mushkil hoe gayaa. thalman key tahat kpd ney ghoshana kii kii "faasivaad seey ladane kaa matlab haye spd seey ladanaa jitna iska matlab haye hitler aur brunning key dalon seey ladanaa."thalman ney disambar 1931 mein ghoshana kii kii" kuchh naazi pedon koo samajik loktantra key jangal koo dhakane kii anumati naheen dee jaani chaahiye.  1927 taka, germany key saha-pratinidhi carle kilbom ney german communist party key bheetar iss atee-vampanthi pravritti kaa mukabala karna shuru curr diyaa thaa, lekin unake prayason key khilaf stallin machining paaya.
march 1932 mein, thalman ack baar phir german rashtrapati pada key liye ummidwar they, joe maujooda paul wonn hindenberg aur hitler key khilaf they. kpd kaa naaraa thaa "hindenberg key liye ack vote hitler key liye ack vote haye; hitler key liye ack vote yuddh key liye ack vote haye."thalman chunaav key dusare daur mein ack ummidwar key roop mein laute, kyonki german chunavi kaanoon dwara isaki anumati dee gaee thee, lekin unake vote kii ginati pahale daur mein 4,983,000 (13.2%) seey cumm hocker 3,707,000 (10.2%) hoe gaee.
janwari 1933 mein rashtriya samajvadiyon key satta mein aaney key baad, thalman ney prastaav diyaa kii aiss. pee. dee. aur key. pee. dee. koo rashtriya samajwadi shasson koo giraane key liye ack samanya hadtaal kaa ayojan karna chaahiye, ise aiss. pee. dee. dwara khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe thalman key lambe varshon key baad key. pee. dee. key saath kaam naheen karna chaahte they aur key. pee. dee. kii "samajik faasivaad" kii neeti. farwari 1933 mein, berlin key paas conigs wasterhossen mein "sporthos ziegenhalls" mein tatkalin pratibandhit kpd kii ack kendriya samiti kii baithak hui, jahan thalman ney hitler kii sarkaar koo hinsak tareeke seey ukhaad fenkane kaa ahwan kiya thaa. (samajik loktantra parr samajik faasivaad key roop mein commintern key dishanirdesh 1935 taka lagu rahey jaba commintern ney aadhikarik taur parr rashtriya samajwadi khatare key khilaf samajvadiyon, udaarvaadi aur yahaan taka kii roodhivaadiyon key ack "lokpriya morche" kaa samarthan karane key liye switch kiya-nsdap key vampanthi tatvon, vishesh roop seey sa, joe badey paimaane parr ack shramik-varg kii prishthabhoomi seey aae they aur samajwadi aarthik neetiyon kaa samarthan kiya thaa. haalaanki, usa samay taka, hitler aur rashtriya samajwadi satta mein aaa chuke they aur kpd kaafee hudd taka nasht hoe gayaa thaa.)
27 farwari 1933 koo reachstag aag key baad, rashtriya samajwadi shasson ney kpd key sadasyon aur isake anya vampanthi virodhiyon koo hinsa aur giraftari kii ack naee lahar mein nishana banaaya; halanki phir seey bhoomigat hoe jaane key baad, thalman koo 3 march 1933 koo apane niji sachiv key saath giraftar kiya gayaa aur kaid curr liya gayaa.
karawas aur fansi.
3 march 1933 kii dopahar koo, pulis station 121 key aathh adhikaariyon ney thalman koo unake swa-niyukt surakshit ghar, berlin-charlottenberg mein huns aur martha klukzinsky key ghar parr giraftar kiya. halanki mukhya pulis mukhbir klukzinskis, herman hillies kaa ack padosi thaa, cumm seey cumm chaar anya logon ney klukzinskis aur thalman key beach sambandh key baare mein pulis koo baad vaale kii giraftari seey pahale key dinon mein soochit kiya. thalman ney kaee varshon taka kabhi-kabhi klukzinskis key ghar kaa upayog kiya thaa, lekin janwari 1933 mein poori tarah seey vahaan rehna shuru curr diyaa. haalaanki yeh una chhah avaidh aavason mein seey naheen thaa joe kpd key sainya-raajneetik upkaran ney thalman key liye taiyar kiye they, lekin pulis koo yeh gyaat naheen maanaa gayaa thaa.
karawas key dauran, thalman likhit roop mein apane upchaar key vistrit vivaran kii taskari karane mein kamyab raheh "unhone mujhe merrie paint utaarane kaa adesh diyaa aur phir dou logon ney mujhe gardan key peechhe seey pakad liya aur mujhe ack pair kii stool key paar rakh diyaa. ack vardidhari gestapo adhikaari apane haath mein hippopotamus key chabuk key saath chhip jaataa haye aur phir merey nitambon koo maapa stroke seey maartaa haye. dard seey pareshan hocker main baar-baar apane fefadon key oopar chillata rhaa. phir unhone kuchh samay key liye meraa munh bund curr liya aur merey chehare parr maaraa, aur chhaati aur peeth parr ack chabuk seey maaraa. phir main gir gayaa, farsh parr ludhak gayaa, hamesha apana chehra neeche rakhaa aur unake kissy bhee sawal kaa jawab naheen diyaa."
german-soviyat gair-aakraamakta samjhaute aur germany aur soviyat sangh key polland parr sanyukt aakraman key baad-aur key. pee. dee. kaa netritva karate hue apane samay key dauran stallin key prati thalman kii wafadari key bavjood-mosco ney 1939 key antarrashtriya yuva divas key liye ack naaraa hataa diyaa, jise aanshik roop seey padhaa gayaa, "long live comrade thalman!"aur ise", "lambe samay taka soviyat sangh kii buddhiman videsh neeti key saath badal diyaa, comrade stallin key nirdeshon dwara nirdeshit."jaisa kii yeh nikla, thalman key lambe samay seey party key pratidvandi walter ulbrich ney thalman key parivaar seey madad key liye kaee anurodhon koo nazarandaj curr diyaa thaa jaba german-soviyat sambandhon mein pighalane seey rihaai sambhav hoe sakati thee, aur thalman koo jail mein rahane denaa pasand kiya. saathi german communist, wilheim peak soviyat sangh mein bhaagne mein kamyab rahey they aur julaai 1936 mein unhone thalman kii rihaai kaa ahwan karate hue ack bayaan jaari kiyaah "aggar humm duniya bhar mein virodh kaa ack jabardast toofaan uthaane mein safal rahey, tou jail kii divaaron koo todana sambhav hoga aur jaisa kii dimitrov key mamle mein, thalman koo fasiwadi jalladon key changul seey mukt karna sambhav hoga. yeh tathya kii ernst thalman koo apana pachaswan janmadin hitler-faasivaad key galon mein bitana padaa haye, poori duniya key sabhi faasivaad-virodhi logon key liye ack tatkaal anusmaarak haye kii unhein thalman aur shwet aatank key hajaaron kaid peediton kii rihaai key liye apane abhiyaan koo adhikatam tej karna chaahiye."haalaanki, unaki durdasha key liye prachaar badhaane key yeye prayaas vyarth they; 1930 key dashak key dauran, kaee german communist joe thalman key karib they, unaki stallin key shiviron mein hatyaa curr dee gaee thee.
thalman ney gyaarah saal seey adhik ekant karawas mein bitaaye. agast 1944 mein, unhein boutzen jail seey buchenwald yaatana shivir mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. usee agast mein, heinrich himler ney furer key liye nott kiya kii "thalman koo nishpaadit kiya jaanaa chaahiye."ack saathi buchenwald kaidi, marian zagoda, 18 tarikh koo thalman kii golibari kii baat sunana yaad kartaa haye-himler key sujhaav key chaar dinn baad. hitler key vyaktigat adesh key tahat goli lagane key baad, unake shareer kaa turant antim sanskar curr diyaa gayaa. isake turant baad, naazi ney ack ghoshana mein daavaa kiya kii 23 agast koo ack sahayogi bambari hamale mein radolph brateshade key saath, thalman kii maut hoe gaee thee.
viraasat.
spanish grihyuddh key dauran, german ganarajya swayamsevakon kii kaee ikaaiyon (vishesh roop seey antarrashtriya brigade kii thalman batalian) kaa naam unake sammaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, yugoslavia key netaa tito ney german dushman seey ladane key liye ernst thalman company key roop mein denube swabian aur wehrmatch dalbadal karane vaalon kii ack company kaa ayojan kiya.
1935 mein, ukraine mein ostheim key poorv shahar kaa naam badalkar telmanov (donetsk oblast) curr diyaa gayaa.
1945 key baad, thalman aur anya pramukh communists, jinaki hatyaa curr dee gaee thee, jaise rossa luxemberg aur carle libkneck, koo purvi germany mein vyaapak roop seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen kaee school, sadaken, karkhane aur unake naam parr isi tarah key naam rakhe gaye they. thalman, luxemberg aur libechneck kii tarah, berlin key friedrichfelde kendriya kabristan mein "samajvadiyon key smaarak" () mein ack prateekaatmak kabr seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
inmein seey kaee naam german ekikaran key baad badal diye gaye they, lekin thalman key naam parr sadakon aur chaurahon kaa naam berlin, hamberg, griefswald aur frankfurt aine dair mein banaa huaa haye. purvi german agrani sangathan koo unaki smriti mein ernst thalman agrani sangathan naam diyaa gayaa thaa. sadasyon ney pratigya kii kii "ernst thalman merey aadarsh hain... main kaam karna aur [sangharsh] karna seekhane kaa vaadaa kartaa huun jaisa kii ernst thalman sikhaata haye. 
1950 key dashak mein, ack dou-bhaag vaali purvi german film, "ernst thalman" kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa. 1972 mein cuba ney unake naam parr ack chhote seey dweep kaa naam, keyo ernesto thalman rakhaa.
soviyat reega kii mukhya yatayat dhamniyon mein seey ack kaa naam 1981 mein puuraa honey parr unake naam parr ernsta telma eela rakhaa gayaa thaa; haalaanki, 1991 mein latvia key phir seey swatantrata praapt karane key turant baad iska naam dwiteeya vishva yuddh seey pahale key pradhaan mantri carlis ulmanis key naam parr badal diyaa gayaa thaa.
hoe chee minh shahar mein, ack uchch vidyalaya, thupt ernst thalman (duss-laa-maine) kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.
ulanbatar mein, ack praathamik vidyalaya kaa naam ernst thalman key naam parr diyaa gayaa thaa, joe abhee bhee chala rhaa haye.
british communist sangeetkaar aur karyakarta cornelius cardue ney thalman kii smriti mein piano key liye apane "thalman vividhataon" kaa naam rakhaa.
web ernst thalman waffenfabric, suhal (poorv mein simson) mein ack purvi german hathiyar karkhana, thalman (1990 taka) key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.

