
prithvi kii battery

prithvi kii battery dou bhinn dhatuon seey baney electrode kii ack jodee haye, jaise kii loha aur tamba, joe mitty mein dabey hotey hain yaa samudra mein doobe hotey hain. prithvi kii baitariyan jall-sakriya baitariyon key roop mein kaary karati hain. yadi platein paryaapt roop seey door hain, tou way telluric dhaaraon koo tapp curr sakate hain. prithvi kii baitariyon koo kabhi-kabhi telluric bijli srot aur telluric generator key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye.
itihas.
prithvi kii battery key sabse shuruati udaharanon mein seey ack 1841 mein alekjendar bain dwara ack "prime mover" chalaane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa-ack upkaran joe pravaah koo yaa ack taral padaarth key dabaav mein parivartan koo yaantrik oorjaa mein badal detaa haye. lagbhag ack meater kii doori parr jameen mein jastaa aur tambe kii plates koo dafnaya gayaa aur ack ghadee koo sanchaalit karane key liye lagbhag ack volt key parinami voltage kaa upayog kiya gayaa. carle friedrich goss, jinhone prithvi key chumbakiya kshetra parr shodh kiya thaa, aur carle august wonn steinhill, jinhone pahali vidyut ghadiyon mein seey ack kaa nirmaan kiya aur "prithvi vaapsee" (yaa "ground return") kaa vichaar vikasit kiya, ney pahale aise upkaranon kii jaanch kii thee.
daniel drobagh koo bijli kii ghadiyon key liye ack prithvi battery key liye praapt kiya gayaa (prithvi kii battery kii kalaa mein kaee sudhaaron key saath). ack aur praarambhik patent emil jahar dwara praapt kiya gayaa thaa "vidyut prithvi dhaaraon kaa upayog karane kii vidhi"). 1875 mein, james see. bryan koo unaki "arth battery" key liye praapt huaa. 1885 mein, george dikeman ney apani "electric arth battery" key liye hamein patent praapt kiya. 1898 mein, nathan stubblefield koo unaki electrolytic coil battery key liye praapt huaa, joe ack prithvi battery aur ack solnoid kaa sanyojan thaa. (adhik jaankaari key liye hamein patent,,,, aur dekhein.) prithvi kii battery, samanya roop seey, praarambhik telegraph sancharan key liye bijli utpann karati haye aur ack tune circuit kaa hissa banati haye joe lambi doori parr signalling voltage koo badhaati haye.
sanchaalan aur upayog.
prithvi kii sabse saral baitariyon mein vidyut-vibhav shrinkhala kii vibhinn dhatuon seey pravaahakiya platein hoti hain, joe jameen mein dafan hoti hain taaki mitty ack voltaic cell mein electrolyte key roop mein kaary karey. iss prakaar, upkaran ack praathamik koshika key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. jaba kewal electrolytic upkaranon key roop mein sanchaalit kiya jaataa thaa, tou sookhe kii sthiti key kaaran upkaran lagaatar vishvasaniya naheen they. inn upkaranon kaa upayog praarambhik prayogkartaon dwara telegraph key liye oorjaa sroton key roop mein kiya jaataa thaa. haalaanki, lambe telegraph taaron koo sthaapit karane kii prakriya mein, engineeron ney paaya kii adhikansh telegraph stations key jode key beach vidyut kshamata antar they, joe jameen seey bahane vaali praakritik vidyut dhaaraon (jise telluric dhaara kahaa jaataa haye) key parinamswarup they. kuchh praarambhik prayogkartaon ney yeh sweekaar kiya kii yeye dhaaraaen, vaastav mein, prithvi kii baitariyon key uchch utpaadan aur lambe jivankal koo badhaane key liye aanshik roop seey jimmedaar theen. baad mein, prayogkarta akele inn dhaaraon kaa upayog karenge aur inn pranaliyon mein, platein dhruvikrit hoe gaeen.
yeh lambe samay seey gyaat thaa kii prithvi key thhos aur taral bhaagon key madhyam seey nirantar vidyut dhaaraaen bahati hain, aur vidyut rasayanik parivartanon key abhaav mein (aur ack thermoelectric junction key abhaav mein) ack vidyut pravaahakiya madhyam seey dhaara kaa sangrah lord kelvin dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. lord kelvin kii "samudri battery" "ack rasayanik battery" naheen thee. lord kelvin ney dekhaa kii chumbakiya kshetra mein electrode key sthaan aur madhyam key pravaah kii disha jaise charr unake upkaran key vartamaan utpaadan koo prabhaavit karate hain. aise charr battery key sanchaalan koo prabhaavit naheen karate hain. jaba dhaatu kii plates koo ack taral madhyam mein visarjit kiya jaataa haye, tou oorjaa praapt kii jaa sakati haye aur utpann kii jaa sakati haye, jisamen magnet-hydrodynamic generator key madhyam seey gyaat vidhiyaan (lekin inhin taka seemit naheen) shamil hain. lord kelvin dwara kiye gaye vibhinn prayogon mein, dhaatu kii platein madhyam key pravaah kii disha key liye samamit roop seey lambavat theen aur ack chumbakiya kshetra key sambandh mein saavdhaanipoorvak rakhee gaee theen, joe bahati dhaara seey alag-alag electrons koo vikshepit karati theen. halanki, oorjaa key srot key sambandh mein electrode asmamit roop seey unmukh hoe sakate hain.
praakritik bijli praapt karane key liye, prayogkarta ack chumbakiya meridian yaa khagoliya meridian kii disha mein ack dusare seey ack nishchit doori parr dou dhaatu plates koo jameen mein daalate they. dakshin seey uttar kii or prabal dhaaraaen bahati hain. iss ghatana mein vartamaan shakti aur voltage kii kaafee ekroopata haye. jaise hii prithvi kii dhaaraaen dakshin seey uttar kii or bahati hain, electrode dakshin mein shuru hotey hain aur uttar mein samaapt hotey hain, taaki voltage koo yathasambhav badee doori parr badhaaya jaa sakey. kaee praarambhik karyanvayanon mein, electrode key beach atyadhik doori parr adhik nirbharta key kaaran laagat nishedhaatmak thee.
yeh paaya gayaa haye kii sabhi samanya dhaatuen apekshaakrit samaan roop seey vyavhaar karati hain. dou antar vaale electrode, jinake beach ack baahari paripath mein ack bhaar judaa huaa haye, ack vidyut madhyam mein nipataaya jaataa haye, aur oorjaa koo madhyam koo iss tarah seey diyaa jaataa haye kii madhyam mein "mukt electron" uttejit hotey hain. mukt electron taba ack electrode mein dusare electrode kii tulanaa mein adhik degree taka pravaahit hotey hain, jisase bhaar key madhyam seey baahari paripath mein vidyut pravaah hotaa haye. usa plate seey dhaara pravaahit hoti haye jisaki vidyut-vibhav shrinkhala mein sthiti nakaratmak chhor key paas hoti haye (jaise paladium). vidyut-vibhav shrinkhala mein jaba dou dhatuon koo ack-dusare seey sabse vyaapak roop seey alag kiya jaataa haye, aur jaba samagri sakaratmak chhor key karib hoti haye tou uttar kii or hoti haye, jabaki nakaratmak chhor parr dakshin kii or hoti haye, tou utpann honey vaali dhaara sabse adhik hoti haye. plate, ack tamba aur doosara loha yaa carbon, ack taar key madhyam seey jameen key oopar jitna sambhav hoe utanaa cumm pratirodh key saath judey hotey hain. iss tarah kii vyavastha mein, electrode rasayanik roop seey kaafee kharaab naheen hotey hain, taba bhee jaba way prithvi parr paani seey santript hotey hain, aur lambe samay taka ack taar seey judey rahate hain.
yeh paaya gayaa thaa kii dhaara koo majboot karane key liye, uttari electropositive electrode koo dakshini electrode kii tulanaa mein madhyam mein gaharaai seey chalaana sabse adhik fayademand thaa. sabse badee dhaaraaen aur voltage taba praapt kiye gaye jaba gaharaai mein antar aisaa thaa kii dou electrode mein shamil honey vaali ack rekha chumbakiya dubki, yaa chumbakiya jhukaav kii disha mein thee. jaba pichhali vidhiyon koo jodaa gayaa thaa, tou dhaara kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa aur kissy bhee prasiddh tareeke seey upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
kuchh mamalon mein, alag-alag vidyut gunon vaali plates kii ack jodee, aur upayukt surakshaatmak coatings key saath, jameen key neeche dafnaya gayaa thaa. ack surakshaatmak yaa anya parat pratyek poori plate koo dhakti haye. ack tambe kii plate koo pouder cock, ack sansaadhit karbanyukt samagri key saath lepit kiya jaa sakata haye. ack jastaa plate parr, mahsoos kii ack parat lagaai jaa sakati haye. praakritik bijli kaa upayog karane key liye, prithvi kii baitariyon koo vidyut chumbak, bhaar, joe ack motor tantra kaa hissa they, diyaa jaataa haye.