
curran blickson

baroness curran christange wonn blickson-finec (janm dinn-17 aprail 1885-7 sitambar 1962) ack dennish lekhika theen jinhone dennish aur angreji mein likhaa thaa. unhein unake kalam naam isaq dynesen key tahat bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, joe angreji bolane vaale deshon mein upayog kiya jaataa haye, tania blickson, joe german bhashi deshon mein upayog kiya jaataa haye, osiola aur piyare andrezel.
blickson koo "out off africa" key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, joe kenya mein rahate hue unake jeevan kaa ack vivaran haye, aur unaki ack kahani, "babbets dawat" key liye, donon koo akadami puraskar vijeta chalchitron mein rupaantarit kiya gayaa haye. vaha vishesh roop seey denmark mein apani "saat gothic kahaaniyon" key liye bhee jaani jaati hain. unaki baad kii kahaaniyon mein "winter tails" (1942), "last tails" (1957), "encadotes off destiny" (1958) aur "ehrengard" (1963) shamil hain.
blickson koo saahitya mein nobel puraskar key liye kaee baar maanaa gayaa thaa, lekin ise sammaanit naheen kiya gayaa thaa kyonki danish reports key anusaar, nyayadhish kathit taur parr scandinavian lekhakon key prati pakshapaat dikhaane key baare mein chintit they.
jeevani.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
curran dinessen kaa janm coppenhagen key uttar mein rungsteadland mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa wilheim dynesen (1845-1895) ack lekhak aur senaa adhikaari they, jinamen 1864 mein prussia key khilaf denmark dwara yuddh bhee shamil thaa aur joe prussia key khilaf francisi senaa mein shamil hoe gaye aur peris samudaay key baare mein likhaa. vaha jutland bhoomi maalikon key ack dhanee parivaar seey they joe rajshahi, sthaapit church aur roodhivaadi rajneeti seey nikatata seey judey hue they. way sansad key sadasya key roop mein chune gaye they. unaki maan, ingborg westenholz (1856-1939), jahaaj maalikon key ack ameer ektaavaadi poonjipati vyaapaari parivaar seey theen. teen bahanon aur dou bhaaiyon key parivaar mein curran dinesen dusare sabse badey they. unake chhote bhaai, thomas dynesen, pratham vishva yuddh mein victoria cross arjit karane key liye badey hue. curran koo usake dost "taane" key naam seey jaanate they.
dynesen key shuruati saal unake pitaa key aaraam seey rahane key tareeke aur baahari jeevan aur shikaar key prati unake pyaar seey bahut prabhaavit they. unhone apane poore jeevan mein likhaa aur unakaa sansmaran, "bognis jagtabrev" (shikaar seey patra) dennish saahitya mein ack mamuli classic bunn gayaa. agast 1872 seey disambar 1873 taka wilheim wisconsin mein chippeva bhaartiyon key beach rahey, jahan unaki ack betty hui. denmark lautane parr, vaha upadansh seey peedit they, jisake parinamswarup gahare avasaad kaa saamana karna padaa. apani naukarani enaa rasmussen key saath vivaah seey baahar ack bachche koo garbh dhaaran karane key baad, vaha tabah hoe gayaa kyonki usane apani saas seey apani patni key prati wafadar rahane kaa apana vaadaa toda diyaa thaa. 28 march 1895 koo jaba curran nau saal key they, taba unhone fansi lagaa lii.
apane pitaa kii mrityu key baad rungsteadland mein curran dynesen kaa jeevan kaafee badal gayaa. 10 saal kii umr seey, unake jeevan mein unake westenholz parivaar kaa varchasva thaa. apane bhaaiyon key vipareet, joe school jaate they, unhein ghar parr unaki naani aur unaki chaachi mairi bee dwara shikshit kiya gayaa thaa. westenholz, jinhone usey kattar ekaatmak parampara mein paalaa. chaachi bases, jaisa kii westenholz koo dysen key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa, kaa usaki bhatiji parr mahatvapurna prabhaav padaa. way mahilaaon key adhikaaron aur purushon aur mahilaaon key beach sambandhon parr jeevant charcha aur patrachar mein lagey rahey.
apane shuruati varshon key dauran, unhone apana kuchh samay apani maan key parivaar key ghar, ghodon key paas matrup seat farm mein bitaaya, jabaki baad key varshon mein horsholm key paas ack estate, follehavord kaa daura kiya gayaa, joe unake pitaa key parivaar seey sambandhit thaa. apane pitaa key jeevit rahane key dauran joe swatantrata unhone praapt kii thee, usake liye vaha apani chhoti bahan koo achchi raat kii kahaaniyan bataane mein kuchh santushti paane mein saksham thee, joe aanshik roop seey dennish lock kathaaon aur icelandic gaathaon seey prerit thee. 1905 mein, inn sub key kaaran unaki "grozotgard alveson aud" hui jisamen unaki saahityik pratibha ubharane luggy. iss samay key aspas, unhone apane pitaa key kutte key naam osola key chhadm naam key tahat dennish patrikaon mein kathaa bhee prakaashit kii, jise vaha aksar apane pitaa kii company mein chalaati theen.
1898 mein, curran aur unaki dou bahanon ney switzerland mein ack saal bitaaya, jahan unhone french bolna seekha. 1902 mein, unhone 1903 seey 1906 taka vigo johansen key tahat royal danish academy off fine arts mein apani padhaai jaari rakhane seey pahale coppenhagen mein charlotte sode key art school mein bhaag liya. apane bees key dashak key madhya mein, unhone adhyayan yaatraon parr peris, landan aur rome kaa bhee daura kiya.
jaba vaha abhee bhee yuva thee, tou dynesen ney apani kaee chhuttiyan apane chachere bhaai key parivaar, blickson-finak key saath sweeden key dakshin mein scan mein bitaain. vaha pahale tej ghudsavaar bairan huns key saath pyaar mein parh gaee, lekin usane iska jawab naheen diyaa. isaliye unhone apane judvaan bhaai, bairan bror blickson-fineke key anugrah koo sweekaar karane kaa faisala kiya, aur unhone 23 disambar 1912 koo parivaar koo aashcharyachakit karane key liye apani sagaai kii ghoshana kii. denmark mein basane mein donon koo hoe rahee kathinaaiyon koo dekhate hue, parivaar ney sujhaav diyaa kii unhein videsh jaanaa chaahiye. unake samanya chaacha, aij westenholz (1859-1935), jinhone siyam mein ack bhaagya banaaya thaa, ney sujhaav diyaa kii unhein ack coffey farm shuru karane key liye kenya jaanaa chaahiye. unhone aur unaki bahan ingborg dynesen ney iss udyam mein 150,000 danish mukut kaa nivesh kiya. 1913 kii shuruat mein, bror kenya key liye ravaana hoe gayaa. disambar mein unaki mangetar unake baad aaee.
kenya mein jeevan, 1914-1931.
dynesen key kenya pahunchane key turant baad, joe usa samay british purvi africa kaa hissa thaa, usaki aur blickson kii shaadi 14 janwari 1914 koo mombasa mein hui thee. usaki shaadi key baad, vaha baroness blickson key roop mein jaani jaane luggy, aur usane 1929 mein apane poorv pati key punarvivah taka iss upaadhi kaa upayog kiya. bror ney alnarp mein krishi mahavidyalaya mein bhaag liya thaa, aur phir nasbyholm estate key bheetar stajetneholm farm kaa prabandhan kiya. apane shuruati varshon key dauran, curran ney apana kuchh samay apani maan key parivaar key ghar, ghodon key paas matrup seat farm mein bitaaya. curran aur bror ney apane khet mein maveshi paalane kii yojana banaai, lekin antatah unhein vishvaas hoe gayaa kii coffey adhik laabhdaayak hogi. curran coffey company kii sthaapana unake chaacha, aij westerholz dwara kii gaee thee, jinhone curran blickson key saath ack sambandh banaane key bajaay apani betty curran, blickson key chachere bhaai key naam parr naam chunaa thaa. dampati ney jald hii mahaan jheel kshetra mein apana pahala khet, bagthi sthaapit kiya.
poorv africa mein germans aur angrejon key beach pratham vishva yuddh kii ladaai key dauran, bror ney german-tanganyika aur curran key saath kenya kii seema parr lord delamere key gasht mein parivahan aapoorti mein madad kii. yuddh key kaaran shramikon aur aapoorti kii kamee hoe gaee. phir bhee, 1916 mein, curran coffey company ney nairobi key dakshin-paschim mein nagong pahaadiyon key paas ack badaa khet, mbogani kharida. bhoomi seey dhaki sampattih coffey key bagan key liye upayog kiya jaataa thaa, mool nivaasiyon dwara charaane key liye upayog kiya jaataa thaa, aur kunwari vann koo achhoota chhod diyaa jaataa thaa.
isaki oonchaai koo dekhate hue yeh bhoomi coffey kii kheti key liye upayukt naheen thee. dampati ney sthaaniya shramikon koo kaam parr rakhaah adhikansh kikuyu they joe dampati key aagaman key samay kheton mein rahate they, lekin vahaan vakamba, kavirondo, swahili aur masai bhee they. shuru mein, bror khet mein kaam kartaa thaa, lekin jald hii yeh spasht hoe gayaa kii usey isamen bahut cumm dilchaspi thee aur vaha safari parr jaate samay khet koo chalaane key liye chhod denaa pasand kartaa thaa. pahali baar, angreji vaha bhasha bunn gaee jiska vaha dainik upayog karati thee. african mahaan jheel kshetra mein dampati key praarambhik jeevan key baare mein, curran blickson ney baad mein likhaa, yahaan lambe samay taka ack vyakti sabhi sammelanon key liye koee burai naheen karane kii sthiti mein thaa, yahaan ack naee tarah kii swatantrata thee joe taba taka kewal sapanon mein millie thee!
blickson aur unake pati shiksha aur swabhaav mein kaafee alag they, aur bror blickson apani patni key prati vishvaasghaati they.
peater capstick key anusaar, "blickson aur unaki patni key apane khet mein basane key kuchh hii samay baad unhone streekaran karna shuru curr diyaa."capstick aage kahata haye," shahar mein unakaa aakraman aur aksar muthaiga club mein unakaa jangli samajikkaran, jaba paise kii baat aatee haye aur unake rinon kaa sammaan karane key liye ack mahaan anushaasanheentaa key saath, jald hii aakarshak sweeden koo ack kukhyaat pratishtha dey dee."
isake parinamswarup, unake jeevanikaar judith therman key anusaar unhein upadansh kaa pataa chalaa. unhone khud apane bhaai thomas koo likhe ack patra mein apane lakshnon kaa shreya 1915 mein apane pati seey 29 saal kii umr mein unake vivaah key pahale varsh key anta mein praapt upadansh koo diyaa. haalaanki, baad mein jeevan mein, unake chikitsa record usa nidan kaa samarthan naheen karate hain. unhein sthaaniya roop seey paaraa aur arsenic nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa, joe unake samay mein bimari kaa ilaaj thaa. abb yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii usake baad key kuchh lakshan bhaari dhaatu key vishaaktata kaa parinam they.
apane khet mein, vaha sthaaniya beemar vyaktiyon kii dekhbhal bhee karati thee, jinamen bukhaar, variella, meningitis aur typhus seey peedit loga bhee shamil they.
vaha juuna 1915 mein ilaaj key liye denmark laut aaee joe safal saabit hui. haalaanki blickson kii bimari antatah thheek hoe gaee (kuchh anishchitata maujood haye), lekin isane aaney vaale varshon key liye chikitsa peedaa paida kii.
5 aprail 1918 koo, muthaiga club mein bror aur curran koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa
angreji kaa badaa khel shikari dennis finch hatton (1887-1931). isake turant baad unhein misra mein sainya seva mein niyukt kiya gayaa.
1919 taka, shaadi kathinaaiyon mein chully gaee thee, jisake kaaran unake pati ney 1920 mein talaak kaa anurodh kiya thaa. bror koo unake chaacha, ege westenholz, curran coffey company key adhyaksh dwara farm manager key roop mein barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur curran ney 1921 mein iska prabandhan sambhala thaa.
yuddhaviram key baad kenya lautane parr, hatton ney curran aur bror key saath ghanishth mitrata vikasit kii. unhone 1920 mein phir seey africa chhod diyaa.
unaki ichcha key khilaf, bror aur curran 1921 mein alag hoe gaye.
hatton aksar africa aur ingland key beach aage-peechhe yatra karate they, aur kabhi-kabhi curran kaa daura karate they. way 1922 mein ack bhoomi vikas company mein nivesh karate hue laute. apane pati seey alag honey key baad vaha aur finch hatton key beach ack karibi dosti hoe gaee thee, joe antatah ack deerghakaalik prem sambandh bunn gayaa. 1924 mein apane bhaai thomas koo likhe ack patra mein, unhone likhaah "meraa maanana haye kii main hamesha aur anant kaal key liye incar karane, usa jameen seey pyaar karane key liye baadhya huun jiss parr vaha chalata haye, jaba vaha yahaan hotaa haye tou shabdon seey parey khush rahane key liye, aur jaba vaha jaataa haye tou kaee baar mrityu seey bhee badatar peedaa jhelane key liye..."lekin unake sangrah mein anya patron seey pataa chalata haye kii sambandh asthir thaa, aur yeh kii finch hatton, joe bahut swatantra thaa, parr curran kii badhati nirbharta ack mudda thaa.
curran aur bror kaa 1925 mein aadhikarik taur parr talaak hoe gayaa thaa. curran sarkari ghar mein jaati thee jahan usane johnn grigg seey dosti kii thee joe governor kii oob gaee patni thee. grigg samay key saath kenya mein aspatal banaane key liye ack daan kaa nirmaan karega.
finch hatton apane ghar mein chully gaeen, 1926 aur 1931 key beach blickson key farmhouse koo apana ghar banaa liya aur ameer khilaadiyon key liye pramukh safari shuru kii. unake grahakon mein edward, wells kaa rajkumar thaa. apane grahakon key saath safari parr, march 1931 mein apane dee havilland gipsey moth biplane kii durghatana mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
"jaba unhone nairobi mein havaai adde key liye apani kaar mein yatra shuru kii thee, aur drive koo thukra diyaa thaa, tou way kavitaon kii ack matra koo dekhane key liye vaapas aae, joe unhone mujhe dee thee aur abb apani yatra parr jaanaa chaahte they. vaha gaadi key daudate hue board parr ack pair aur kitab mein ack ungli laker khadaa thaa, mujhe ack kavita padh rhaa thaa jiss parr humm charcha curr rahey they.
'yahaan aapke bhoore rung key huns hain", usane kahaa.
"maine sapaat bhoomi parr bhoore rung key hanson koo udate hue dekhaa"
"jangli huns uchch havaa mein jeevant-"
"kshitij seey kshitij taka aparivartit"
"unaki aatma unake galey mein kathor hoe gaee-"
"aur unake dhusar safedpan ney vishal aasmaan koo ribbon kiya"
"aur chooran kii nokein tooty hui pahaadiyon parr."
phir vaha achche key liye chalaa gayaa, apani baanh merrie or laharaate hue."
usee samay, kuprabandhan, khet kii oonchaai, sookhe aur duniya bhar mein aarthik avasaad key kaaran coffey kii girati keemat key parinamswarup coffey bagan kii viphalata ney blickson koo apani sampatti chhodane key liye majboor curr diyaa. parivaar nigam ney ack aavaasiya vikaskarta koo bhoomi betch dee, aur blickson agast 1931 mein apani maan key saath rahane key liye denmark laut aaee. dwiteeya vishva yuddh mein, unhone yahoodiyon koo german kabje vaale denmark seey baahar nikalane mein madad kii. vaha apane shesh jeevan key liye rungsteadland mein rahee.
ack lekhak key roop mein jeevan.
jaba way kenya mein they, taba bicklixon ney apane bhaai thomas koo likhaa thaa, "humm bhaai-bahan joe karate hain, jaba humm naheen jaanate kii aur kyaa karna haye, tou maine vaha karna shuru curr diyaa haye, maine ack kitab likhana shuru curr diyaa haye. ... main angreji mein likh rhaa huun kyonki mujhe lagaa kii yeh adhik laabhdaayak hoga." 
denmark lautane parr, 46 varsh kii ayu mein, unhone gambhirta seey likhana jaari rakhaa. haalaanki unaki pahali pustak, "sevan gothic tails", 1933 mein poori hui thee, lekin unhein ack prakaashak khojane mein kathinaaee hui aur unhone madad key liye dorothy canfield key saath apane bhaai key samparkon kaa upayog kiya. yeh pustak sanyukt raajya america mein 1934 mein chhadm naam isaq dynesen key tahat prakaashit hui thee, halanki prakaashak ney blickson koo agrim dene seey incar curr diyaa aur chhadm naam key upayog koo hatotsaahit kiya. jaba ise book-off-dha-manth club chayan key roop mein chunaa gayaa, tou bikri aasmaan chhoo gaee. iss pahali pustak, joe gothic kii tulanaa mein atyadhik goodh aur adhik roopak thee, ney sanyukt raajya america mein vyaapak maanyata praapt kii, aur sanyukt raajya aur denmark mein pustak kaa prakaashan, halanki kathinaaee key saath kiya gayaa. ack anuvaadak koo khojane mein asamarth jisase vaha santusht thee, blickson ney khud danish sanskaran taiyar kiye, halanki way anuvaad naheen hain, balki alag-alag vivaranon key saath kahaaniyon key sanskaran hain. iss antar key liye blickson kaa spashteekaran yeh thaa kii vaha "bahut chaahati thee kii ise mool danish pustak key roop mein danish mein prakaashit kiya jaae, naa kii kissy bhee-chaahe kitna bhee achchha-anuvaad. blickson key anusaar, danish aalochak iss pustak key baare mein utsaahit naheen they aur naraj they kii yeh pahali baar videsh mein prakaashit hui thee. bixsen ney phir kabhi angreji mein pahali baar koee pustak prakaashit naheen kii. unaki baad kii sabhi pustaken yaa tou pahale dennish mein prakaashit huin, yaa ack saath dennish aur angreji mein prakaashit huin.
unaki doosari pustak, joe abb unaki kritiyon mein sabse prasiddh haye, "out off africa", 1937 mein prakaashit hui thee. isaki safalata ney unaki pratishtha koo dridhata seey sthaapit kiya. apane pichhale anubhav seey seekhane key baad, blickson ney pahale denmark aur united kingdam mein aur phir sanyukt raajya america mein pustak prakaashit kii. maheene kii ack aur kitab key roop mein club kii pasand praapt karate hue, blickson koo naa kewal iss nae kaam key liye bikri kaa ashvasana diyaa gayaa thaa, balki "saat gothic kahaaniyon" mein bhee ruchi kaa navinikaran kiya gayaa thaa. unhein 1939 mein tagey brand resellegt (kalaa yaa shaikshanik jeevan mein mahilaaon key liye ack dennish puraskar) seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. iss kaam ney alochakon kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya joe naa kewal pustak key saahityik mulyankan seey sambandhit they, balki blickson key iradon aur naitikta koo paribhaashit karane seey bhee sambandhit they. uttar-aupaniveshik aalochana ney unhein samkaaleen british lekhakon key saath jodaa haye aur kuchh mamalon mein unhein ack aur naitik roop seey diwalia shwet europeeya abhijaat key roop mein branded kiya haye. dennish vidvaanon ney aamtaur parr unaki naitikta key baare mein nirnay naheen liye hain, shayed yeh samajhate hue kii naslavaad aur aupaniveshik purvagrahon key tatva, sandarbh aur yug koo dekhate hue, kaam mein antarnihit hain, ack baahari, ack buddhiman aur ack mahila key roop mein unaki sthiti kaa mulyankan kiya gayaa haye, kaam key bajaay, adhik jatil. carolin martin shau aur raul granquist sahit kuchh alochakon ney unhein naslavaadi aur ack shwet varchasvavaadi maanaa haye, jabaki anya alochakon, jaise kii abdul aar. janmohammad ney unake romantic aupaniveshik drishtikon aur aupaniveshik samasyaon kii unaki samajh key saath-saath african rashtravadiyon key liye unaki chinta aur sammaan donon koo maanyata dee haye.
out off africa" key prakaashan key paanch saal baad, blickson ney "winter tails" (1942;) naamak laghu kathaaon kaa ack sangrah prakaashit kiya. unake pichhale gothic karyon seey ack prasthaan, kahaaniyan usa samay kii kathorta, saahas aur garv key saath vyavasaay aur bhavishya kii aashaa koo darshaati hain. kahaaniyan pratirodh koo naheen, balki lachilaapan koo darshaati hain, aur vipareet kii paraspar nirbharta kaa pataa lagaati hain. vaha "nayika" mein sherm banaam garv, "motiyon" mein kayarta aur saahas, "ajeya daas-maalikon" mein swami aur sevak, aur jeevan banaam mrityu key saath-saath "peater aur rossa" mein swatantrata banaam karawas kii jaanch karati haye. duhkh-ekad" mein, sangrah kii sabse prasiddh kahani, blickson peedit aur utpeedan kii khoj kartaa haye. yuddh key kaaran, unhein pandulipi prakaashit karane, stockholm kii yatra karane aur americi aur british dutaavaason donon mein karmchaariyon key saath milane key baare mein rachanaatmak honah padaa. americi vyaktigat vastuon koo bhejane mein asamarth they, lekin british dutawas ney sanyukt raajya mein apane prakaashak koo dastaavez bhejane key liye sahamati vyakt kii. yuddh samaapt honey taka, jaba unhein sangharsh key dauran "sashastr seva sanskaranon" mein padh chuke americi sainikon kii kahaaniyon kii prashansa karate hue patrachar praapt huaa, taba taka bicklixon koo "sardiyon kii kahaaniyon" key baare mein aage kaa sanchaar praapt naheen huaa.
blickson ney kaee varshon taka "albondocani" naamak ack upanyaas parr kaam kiya, jisamen unhone kaee khandon mein aapas mein buni hui kahaaniyon key saath jools romans dwara "less homes dee bone volonte" kii shally mein ack khand kaa nirmaan karane kii ummeed kii. mukhya paatr, haaroon all-rasheed, koo "ack hazaar ack raat" seey liya gayaa thaa. unhone ack saath kaee sangrhon parr kaam kiya, unhein unake vishayon key anusaar vargeekrit kiya aur kyaa unhein lagaa kii way jyaadaatar paisa banaane key liye they yaa saahityik. unhone "albondocani" key liye kahaaniyon key sangrah likhane seey laker "niyati key kisse" seey laker "naee gothic kahaaniyan" aur "naee sardiyon kii kahaaniyan" taka kii chhalang lagaai. 1940 aur 1950 key dashak kii lagbhag sabhi blickson kii kahaaniyan kahani kahane kii ack paaramparik shally kaa paalan karati hain, jisamen pehchaan, naitikta aur darshan kii khoj key saadhan key roop mein mithak aur jaadoo key saath anachar aur hatyaa jaise gothic vishay buney jaate hain. adhikansh 19veen shatabdi yaa usase pahale kii avadhi kii prishthabhoomi mein bhee hotey hain. apani jaanboojhkar purani shally key baare mein, blickson ney kaee sakshatkaron mein ullekh kiya kii vaha ack aisee bhavna koo vyakt karna chaahati thee joe abb aadhunik samay mein maujood naheen thee, joe karane key bajaay ack thee. unake akhyan kushalata seey banaae gaye bhram aur romantikwad key beach ghoomate hain, jisamen unake darshakon key pasandida swaad key baare mein gahan gyaan hotaa haye. blickson ney apani angreji kahaaniyon koo adhik seedhe tareeke seey taiyar kiya aur unaki dennish kahaaniyon koo 19veen shatabdi kii lekhan shally mein taiyar kiya joe unhein adhik pasand aaya. kyonki unhone ack saath vibhinn sangrhon parr kaam kiya, iss avadhi mein likhi gaee kritiyaan mool roop seey likhe jaane key lagbhag ack dashak baad taka prakaashit naheen huin.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, jaba denmark parr germans kaa kabja thaa, tou blickson ney pahali aur aakhiri baar ack francisi chhadm naam, piyare aind raisel key tahat apana ekmatra poorna-lambai kaa upanyaas, aatmanireekshan kahani "dha angelic avengers" shuru kiya. haalaanki yeh dennish mein likhaa gayaa thaa, lekin unhone daavaa kiya kii yeh yuddhon key beach likhi gaee ack francisi kriti kaa anuvaad thaa aur isake lekhak honey seey incar kiya gayaa thaa. yeh pustak 1944 mein prakaashit hui thee aur maheene key club chayan kii teesari pustak key liye namankit kii gaee thee. bixsen shuru mein naheen chaahte they kii pustak koo namankit kiya jaae, lekin antatah unhone iss vishishtata koo sweekaar curr liya. yuva naayikaon dwara anubhav kii gaee bhayavahata koo naziwad key roopak key roop mein vyakhya kii gaee haye, halanki blickson ney bhee usa vyakhya seey incar kiya haye, isake bajaay yeh daavaa karate hue kii upanyaas ack vichalit karane vaalaa thaa jisane unhein yuddh dwara kaid honey kii bhavna seey bachane mein madad kii thee. 1956 mein, "peris sameeksha" key liye ack sakshatkar mein, unhone aakhirkaar sweekaar kiya kii vaha upanyaas kii lekhika theen, yeh kahate hue kii yeh unaki "avaidh santan" thee. dorothy canfield ney apani "book-off-dha-manth club news" sameeksha mein "dha angelic avengers" koo "utkrisht saahityik gunavatta kaa, ack utkrisht shally mein vishishtata key saath likhaa gayaa" bataaya.
kahaaniyon kaa ack sangrah, "antim kathaaen" () 1957 mein prakaashit huaa thaa, isake baad 1958 mein "niyati key upakhyan" () kaa sangrah prakaashit huaa thaa. "antim kahaaniyon" mein saat kahaaniyan shamil theen joe blickson ney "" albondocani "" kaa hissa banane kaa irada rakhaa thaa.  isamen "naee gothic kahaaniyan" aur "naee sardiyon kii kahaaniyan" naamak khand bhee shamil they. kahani kii kalaa kii blickson kii avadharana shayed sabse seedhe kahaaniyon mein "khaali prishth" aur "antim kahaaniyon" mein "cardinal kii pahali kahani" mein vyakt kii gaee haye. inn kahaaniyon mein kaee vyangya hain, jinhen blickson ney apane paathak koo kahani key nirmaan mein bhaag lene key liye majboor karane key liye istemal kiya. unhone spasht avalokan key saath aspasht sandarbhon koo mishrit kiya. unakaa lekhan kewal kahaaniyon kii ack punah kathaa naheen thee, haalaanki yeh suragon aur "dohare pravesh" kaa ack jatil star thaa joe paathak koo blickson key iraade kaa anuman lagaane aur nishkarsh nikaalane key liye majboor kartaa haye. blickson key liye, kahani abhivyakti key liye mahatvapurna theeh yeh anubhav kaa paath karati haye, aur saath hii saath sambhav kii ack sambhaavit drishti bhee detee haye.
blickson ney 1953 mein "niyati key upakhyanon" koo "antim kahaaniyon" kaa antim bhaag banaane kii yojana banaai, lekin jaise hii unhone sabhi kahaaniyon koo taiyar kiya, unhone "upakhyanon" koo ack alag khand key roop mein prakaashit karane kaa faisala kiya. vaha chaahati thee kii donon pustaken ack saath dikhaai dein, lekin prakaashan key muddon key kaaran "upakhyan" mein ack aur saal key liye deree hui. upakhyanon" kii sabse prasiddh kahani "babeat kii dawat" haye, joe ack shafe key baare mein haye joe antim shandar swaadisht bhojan taiyar karane key liye apana puuraa 10,000-frank lottery puraskar kharch karati haye. kahani sambandhon kaa mulyankan karati haye aur jaanch karati haye kii kyaa bahanon dwara netritva kiya gayaa kathor lekin dharmarth jeevan, ack aadarsh kaa paalan karate hue, unake ghar key rakhwale key dill seey bhavuk upahaar kii tulanaa mein vishvaas key liye cumm sach haye. iss kahani koo gabriel axel dwara nirdeshit aur likhit ack film mein punah prastut kiya gayaa thaa, joe 1987 mein release hui thee, aur 1988 mein sarvshreshth videshi film auskar jeetaa thaa.
1959 mein, blickson ney sanyukt raajya america kii apani ekmatra yatra kii. yeh janwari seey aprail taka kii ack vistaarit yatra thee, aur jabaki iska uddeshya forad foundation aur vishvakosh britannica key liye shaikshik filmon aur charchaon kii ack shrinkhala koo puuraa karna thaa, blickson kaa irada khud kaa anand lena thaa. vaha 19 janwari 1959 key sanskaran mein ack "jeevan patrika" lekh kii visheshta theen aur dou broadway udghaatan mein bhaag liya. newyork samaaj key sampann logon dwara sammaanit, blickson koo samajik logon beb paale aur gloria vanderbilt key saath bhojan karane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. unhein richard avedden aur cecil beaton dwara photo khinchvaya gayaa thaa; johnn steinbeck key atithi, jinhone unake sammaan mein ack cocktail party kii mejbani kii thee; aur maria kalas dwara serenade kiya gayaa thaa. nobel puraskar vijeta motee aur kavi ee. ee. cummings aur marian moor bhee usey dekhane aae. jaba blickson ney marlin monro seey milane kii ichcha vyakt kii, tou lekhak carson maculars ney monro aur unake pati, natakkar arther miller key saath ack baithak kii vyavastha kii. poori yatra key dauran, blickson ney ack alag abhijaat varg aur ack baahari vyakti key roop mein apane vyaktitva koo prastut kiya, lekin ack sanaki key roop mein bhee, joe kewal seep aur angur khaate they, aur kewal shampen peete they. yeh spasht thaa kii vaha beemar thee, kyonki yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii vaha "kamjor" thee aur "uska vajan 63 pound [28 kigra] thaa" aur usane apane samay kaa ack hissa "antahshira jalsek" praapt karane mein bitaaya.
denmark lautane key baad, gambhir bimari key bavjood, 1960 mein african rekhaachitra "ghaas parr chhaaya" koo samaapt karate hue, blickson ney kaam karna phir seey shuru kiya. unake jivankal key dauran prakaashit unaki antim kritiyon mein seey, ise maheene kii pustak key roop mein unake paanchven chayan seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. africa mein vaapsee kaa sansmaran, "chhaaya" europeeya aur african logon kii roodhivaadita aur label kii khoj kartaa haye, yeh nishkarsh nikaalata haye kii "purvagrah kathit kii tulanaa mein anubhav karane vaale key baare mein adhik prakat karate hain. iss pustak mein chaar kahaaniyan hainh "ghaas parr chhaaya", joe usake somali sevak farah parr kendrit haye; "vishvaas prakat hotaa haye", joe prateekvaad key mahatva koo darshaata haye; "mahaan bhaav", joe usake samudaay mein chikitsa muddon koo darshaata haye; aur "pahaadiyon seey pratidhvani", joe africa chhodane key baad usake akelepan kaa mulyankan kartaa haye aur africa seey usake karmchaariyon dwara kaee varshon taka usake poorv ghar parr rakhee gaee athak satarkata.
bimari aur mrityu.
1915 mein jaba blickson koo upadansh kaa pataa chalaa, tou unakaa paaraa kii goliyon seey ilaaj kiya gayaa. kuchh reports key anusaar, unhone lagbhag ack saal key liye prati dinn lagbhag 1 graam paaraa liya, jabaki anya bataate hain kii unhone aisaa kewal kuchh maheenon key liye kiya thaa. phir unhone upchaar key liye denmark mein samay bitaaya aur unhein arsenic diyaa gayaa, jise unhone upadansh key upchaar key roop mein drop roop mein lena jaari rakhaa, jise unhone apane nirantar dard kaa kaaran maanaa. 1921 mein, jaba vaha kenya mein thee, taba bicklixon ney pett dard key gambhir daur kii soochana dee thee. kaee prasiddh chikitsak aur aantarik chikitsa aur tantrika vigyaan donon key visheshagyon ney unhein teesare charan key puraane upadansh kaa nidan kiya. rogjanakon kaa kohra, joe blickson key tantrika vigyaani they, ney socha kii rakt aur reedh kii huddy key drav pareekshan nakaratmak honey key bavjood, unaki gastric samasyaaen upadansh key kaaran theen. jaba taka vaha africa seey chully gaee, taba taka blickson anaemia seey peedit thee, peeliya seey peedit thee aur arsenic kaa adhik upayog curr chuki thee. jaise hii usake baalon key guchhe girane lagey, usane topi aur pagadi pahanana shuru curr diyaa.
haalaanki yeh vyaapak roop seey maanaa jaataa thaa kii syphilis ney apane poore jivankal mein blickson koo plaig karna jaari rakhaa, vyaapak pareekshan 1925 key baad unake system mein syphilis key saboot prakat karane mein asamarth they. unake lekhan kaushal seey pataa chalata haye kii vaha syphilis key antim charanon key mansik apakshay seey peedit naheen theen. usey apane pairon mein sansani kaa ack halka sthaayi nuksan huaa thaa jise arsenic-adharit anty-syphilis dawa salversan key upayog key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya jaa sakata haye. unake jathar dard koo aksar "ushnakatibandhiya pechish" kahaa jaataa thaa, halanki unake chikitsa record mein koee mull vishleshan naheen bataaya gayaa thaa. vajan badhane key baare mein chintit, blickson ney apane poore vayask jeevan key dauran majboot julaab liya, jisake varshon key durupyog key baad usake paachan tantra koo prabhaavit kiya. vaha ack bhaari dhumrapan karane vaali bhee thee, jise jaba usake nyuntam bhojan key sevan key saath jodaa gayaa tou usey ack peptic alsar hoe gayaa.
1946 aur 1955 mein neurosurgeon edward busch ney blickson kii reedh kii huddy parr ack cutty sahaanubhooti kaa pradarshan kiya, lekin uska dard vaapas aaa gayaa. 1956 mein jaba unhein pett key alsar kaa pataa chalaa, tou professor torban nudatzon ney coppenhagen vishvavidyalaya aspatal mein sergery kii, lekin usa samay taka, vaha apane sattar key dashak mein theen, aur pahale seey hii kharaab swaasthya mein theen. agale kaee varshon mein, vaha nirjalikaran aur poshan kii kamee seey peedit rahee, jisase vaha kamjor hoe gaee aur hilleroad key kendriya aspatal mein chaar atirikt aspatal mein bharti hoe gaee. apane upchaar mein dair seey, usane aakhirkaar apane doctors key saamane julaab kaa upayog sweekaar kiya. usake pett kii samasyaon kaa srot agyaat haye. danish chikitsak, kar weissman dwara prakaashit 1995 kii ack report ney nishkarsh nikala kii unake puraane dard aur bimari kaa kaaran sambhavatah bhaari dhaatu kaa vishaaktata thaa. dennish medical histry journal" ("" "") mein soggard kii 2002 kii ack report mein unake galat nidan koo blickson aur unake doctors donon key beach samvaad karane mein viphalata key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya gayaa thaa.  kyonki usane unhein apane rechak durupyog key baare mein naheen bataaya, aur doctors kaa maanana thaa kii way upadansh seey lada rahey they, pratyek ney prabhaavi upchaar key avsar koo ganwa diyaa. erich munster aur weissman donon ney bhee sanchaar mein kamee koo pahachaana, kyonki aggar blickson kaa penicillin key saath ilaaj kiya jaataa, joe 1950 key dashak taka upalabdh thaa, tou upadansh koo khariz karane mein saksham hotaa.
yeh bhee gyaat haye kii blickson koo panic ataik kaa saamana karna padaa kyonki unhone apani pustak "out off africa" mein unakaa varnan kiya haye. blickson key chikitsa itihas key apane vishleshan mein, donnelson bataate hain kii blickson koo ashcharya huaa kii kyaa uska dard manodaihik thaa aur bataata haye kii blickson key jivankal key dauran usaki beemariyon key mangadhant honey kii afwah thee. unake prakaashak ney sanket diyaa kii blickson kaa upadansh niji roop seey ack mithak thaa, lekin saarvajanik roop seey, blickson ney apane puraane swaasthya muddon key liye upadansh koo doshi thaharaaya. donnelson ney nishkarsh nikaalah "apani bimari key baare mein unakaa joe bhee vishvaas thaa, yeh bimari kalakar key apane vyaktigat kinvadanti banaane key liye unake design key anukool thee."
khaane mein asamarth, blickson kii mrityu 1962 mein 77 varsh kii ayu mein, spasht roop seey kuposhan key kaaran, unake parivaar kii sampatti, rungsteadland mein hui. anya loga anorexia nervosa koo uska vajan ghataane aur antatah mrityu kaa kaaran maanate hain.
maranoparant kaary.
blickson key maranoparant prakaashit karyon mein seey hainh "ehrengard" (1962), "carnivalah manoranjan aur maranoparant kathaaen (1977)," daguerotype, aur anya nibandh "(1979) aur" later from africa, 1914-31 "(1981). 1960 key dashak key anta mein, orson wells ney dynesen kii filmon key ack sankalan kii yojana banaai, jisamen unakaa irada "nayika", "norderney mein jalpralaya", "ack desh kii kahani" aur "purnima" koo release karane kaa thaa. nayika" parr buddepest mein film kii shooting key ack dinn baad, pariyojana radd curr dee gaee kyonki unakaa vittaposhi diwalia hoe gayaa thaa. "amar kahani" koo 1968 mein wells dwara film key liye anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa aur ise francisi television aur cinemagharon mein ack saath jaari kiya gayaa thaa. wells ney baad mein "dha dreamers" parr film banaane kaa prayaas kiya, lekin kewal kuchh hii drishya poore hue. 1982 mein, emideo greco ney ack italvi film, "ehrengard" kaa nirdeshan kiya, joe isi naam key blickson key kaam parr adharit thee, joe vittiya jatilataon key kaaran 2002 taka jaari naheen hui thee.
viraasat.
puraskar aur sammaan.
apani saahityik uplabdhiyon key liye, blickson koo 1949 mein danish holberg padak, 1952 mein ingenio aitt arty padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.
1955 mein dennish lekhak sangh kii udghaatan huns christian anderson chhatravritti pradaan kii gaee aur 1959 mein heinrich pontopidan memorial foundation anudan praapt kiya. swedish akadami key sthaayi sachiv peater ingland ney ise "ack galati" key roop mein varnit kiya kii 1930 key dashak key dauran blickson koo saahitya mein nobel puraskar seey sammaanit naheen kiya gayaa thaa aur jaba unhone 1954 mein puraskar jeetaa, tou unhone kahaa kii bernard berenson, carle sandberg aur blickson puraskar key adhik hakdar they. halanki kabhi puraskar seey sammaanit naheen kiya gayaa, vaha 1961 mein graham green key baad teesare sthaan parr rahee, varsh ivo andric koo puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa. 2012 mein, nobel record 50 varshon key baad khole gaye aur yeh pataa chalaa kii blickson 1962 key saahitya mein nobel puraskar key liye vichaar kiye gaye lekhakon kii ack chhoti soochi mein seey ack they, saath hii johnn steinbeck (antim vijeta), robbert graves, laurence durell aur jeane annoulh. usa varsh sitambar mein marane key baad blickson ayogya hoe gayaa.
blickson key poorv sachiv aur ghar key prabandhak, clara swenden ney 1974 mein ack pustak likhi, "carren blickson key baare mein notes" (), jisamen usa yuva mahila key parivartan key baare mein bataaya gayaa joe parishkrit lekhak key roop mein africa chully gaee. blickson key jeevan key baare mein vyaktigat kisse dete hue, swenden ney apani saarvajanik chhavi key peechhe kii niji mahila parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. blickson key mahaan bhatije, aur swayam ack kushal lekhak, anders westenholz ney unake aur unake karyon key baare mein dou pustaken likheenh "craftance hornh mayte og workelig aaee curran blixense liv" (1982) (angreji mein "dha power off ereejah myth aind reality inn curran blixen 'sus life" key roop mein anuvaadit aur 1987 mein punah prakaashit) aur "daine gleme ebeh maand og quinde hose curran blixen" (1985) (bhool gaye epah maine aind women inn curran blixen).
7 maee 1999 seey 25 agast 2005 taka danish 50-crone banknote, 1997 shrinkhala key saamane key hisse mein curran blickson kaa chitra dikhaaya gayaa thaa. vaha 1980 aur 1996 mein jaari kiye gaye danish daak tikaton parr bhee dikhaai dee thee. kshudragrah 3318 blickson kaa naam unake 100vein janmadin parr unake sammaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa.
17 aprail 2010 koo googal ney ack googal doodle key saath unakaa 125vaan janmadin manaaya.
rungsteadland sangrahalaya.
blickson ney apana adhikansh jeevan parivarik sampatti rungsteadlund mein bitaaya, jise unake pitaa ney 1879 mein adhigrahit kiya thaa. yeh sampatti denmark kii rajdhani coppenhagen key uttar mein rungstead mein sthit haye. iss sampatti key sabse puraane hisse 1680 key they aur yeh ack saraay aur ack khet donon key roop mein sanchaalit kiya gayaa thaa. blickson kaa adhikansh lekhan ewald key kamare mein kiya gayaa thaa, jiska naam lekhak johannes ewald key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.
1940 key dashak mein, blickson ney ise chalaane kii laagat key kaaran sampatti koo bechane parr vichaar kiya, lekin yeh ghar yuva buddhijiviyon key ack samooh key liye ack aashray bunn gayaa, jisamen thorkild bijornavig, frank jegger, erling schroeder, anya loga shamil they, jinhone ghar koo apane nivasi key roop mein dilchasp paaya. unhone sampatti kaa upayog ack saahityik sailoon key roop mein karna shuru kiya, jiska upayog 1991 taka kalakaron dwara kiya jaataa rhaa. björnvig, jinhone "heretica" patrika kaa sampadan kiya, ney bhee blickson key saath ghanishth mitrata vikasit kii. ghar kii marammat 1958 aur 1960 key beach kii gaee thee aur sampatti key ack hisse koo pakshi abhayaranya key roop mein alag rakhaa gayaa thaa. isaki bahaali key baad, sampatti koo danish saahityik akadami koo saunp diyaa gayaa aur blickson aur unake bhaai-bahanon dwara sthaapit rungsteadland foundation dwara prabandhit kiya gayaa. ise 1991 mein ack sangrahalaya key roop mein janata key liye khola gayaa thaa. 2013 mein curran blickson sangrahalaya nordic sangrahalaya portal mein shamil hoe gayaa.
carren blickson sangrahalaya, nairobi.
jaba 1931 mein blickson denmark lauti, tou usane apani sampatti koo ack developer, remi martin koo betch diyaa, jisane bhoomi koo parcel mein vibhajit curr diyaa. nairobi upnagar joe usa bhoomi parr ubhara jahan clixon dwara banaai gaee coffey kaa abb naam curran haye. blickson ney khud apane baad key lekhan mein ghoshana kii kii "carren key aavaasiya jile" kaa naam "merey naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. jiss parivaar nigam key paas blickson key khet kaa swaamitva thaa, usey "curran coffey company" key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa aur jiss ghar mein vaha rahati thee, vaha board key adhyaksh, aij westenholz, unake chaacha dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. halanki westenholz ney coffey company kaa naam apani betty keren key naam parr rakhaa, naa kii blickson key naam parr, upnagar key vikaskarta ney apani company key naam key bajaay jile kaa naam isake prasiddh lekhak/kisan key naam parr rakhaa.
kaee baar haath badalate hue, blickson dwara kabja kiye gaye mool farmhouse koo dennish sarkaar dwara kharida gayaa thaa aur 1964 mein kenya sarkaar koo ack swatantrata upahaar key roop mein diyaa gayaa thaa. sarkaar ney iss sthal parr poshan kaa ack mahavidyalaya sthaapit kiya aur phir jaba 1985 mein "out off africa" film banaai gaee, tou kenya key rashtriya sangrahalayon dwara mahavidyalaya kaa adhigrahan kiya gayaa. ack saal baad, curran blickson sangrahalaya khola gayaa aur isamen blickson key kaee saaj-sajja hain, jinhen lady mcmillan seey phir seey praapt kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone unhein taba kharida thaa jaba blickson ney africa chhod diyaa thaa. sangrahalaya ghar koo naa kewal blickson key saath isake judaav key liye, balki kenya key europeeya basti key saanskritik pratinidhi key roop mein, saath hii ack mahatvapurna vaastushilp shally-19 veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein bangale key roop mein ack mahatvapurna saanskritik sthal key roop mein aanka gayaa haye.
kaam kartaa haye.
shaahi danish pustakalaya mein curran blickson sangrah key kaafee anupaat mein aprakaashit kavitaaen, naatak aur laghu kathaaen shamil hain joe curran dynesen ney shaadi karane aur africa jaane seey pahale likhi theen. apani kishoravastha aur 20 key dashak kii shuruat mein, unhone shayed apana adhikansh khaali samay lekhan kii kalaa kaa abhyaas karane mein bitaaya. 22 saal kii umr mein hii unhone apani kuchh laghu kahaaniyon koo saahityik patrikaon mein prakaashit karane kaa faisala kiya, aur osola upnaam apanaaya.
inmein seey kuchh kritiyaan maranoparant prakaashit huin, jinamen pahale key sangrhon seey hataa dee gaee kahaaniyan aur vibhinn avsaron key liye likhe gaye nibandh shamil hain.

