
sachchai koo todana

satya koo kaatnaah sanyojan siddhanton key sangananiyata saiddhaantik aur vipareet ganitiya vishleshan parr sanyojan vigyaan mein vipareet ganit parr ack pustak haye, joe sanyojan pramey koo saabit karane key liye aavashyak swayamsiddhiyon kaa adhyayan haye. yeh dennis aar dwara likhaa gayaa thaa. hirshfelt, 2010 mein singapur key rashtriya vishvavidyalaya mein hirshfelt dwara diye gaye ack pathyakram parr adharit, aur 2014 mein vishva vaigyaanik dwara prakaashit, ganitiya vigyaan sansthaan, singapur key rashtriya vishvavidyalaya kii vyakhyan tippaniyon kii shrinkhala key khand 28 key roop mein.
vishay.
pustak paanch adhyaayon key saath shuru hoti haye joe vipareet ganit key kshetra parr charcha karate hain, jisamen ganitiya pramey koo pramaanit karane key liye aavashyak swayamsiddh yojanaon dwara vargeekrit karane kaa lakshya haye, aur dusare crum key ankganit kii badee paanch upa-pranaaliyan jinamen ganit key kaee pramey vargeekrit kiye gaye hain. inn adhyaayon mein iss adhyayan mein aavashyak kuchh upkaranon kii bhee sameeksha kii gaee haye, jisamen gananashilata siddhant, bull aur nimn aadhar pramey shamil hain.
adhyaay chhah, "pustak kaa vaastavik hriday", iss vidhi koo ramsey kii pramey key ack anant roop parr lagu kartaa haih ack ganana yogya roop seey anant poorna graph yaa poorna samaan hypergraph key pratyek kinare key rung, parimit roop seey kaee rangon kaa upayog karate hue, ack monochromatic anant prerit upgraph hotaa haye. iss pramey kaa maanak pramaan ankganitiya bodh swayamsiddh kaa upayog kartaa haye, joe badey paanch upa-pranaliyon mein seey ack mein aataa haye, halanki, jaisa kii david sitapun ney mool roop seey saabit kiya haye, graph key liye pramey kaa sanskaran aeye. see. aeye. 0 seey kamjor haye, aur yeh badey paanch upa-pranaliyon mein seey kissy ack key liye asman saabit hotaa haye. dou seey adhik nishchit crum key samaan hypergraph key liye sanskaran aeye. see. aeye. 0 key barabar haye, aur rangon kii sabhi sankhyaon aur hypergraph key sabhi aadeshon key liye ack saath bataae gaye pramey kaa sanskaran aeye. see. aeye. 0 seey adhik majboot haye.
saatven adhyaay mein siddhanton key roodhivaadi vistaaron parr charcha kii gaee haye, jisamen ack shaktishali siddhant key bayaan (jaise kii dwiteeya crum key ankganit key roopon mein seey ack) joe usa siddhant mein saabit karane yogya hain aur ack kamjor siddhant mein vyakt karane yogya hain (jaise pino ankganit) kewal vahee hain joe pahale seey hii kamjor siddhant mein saabit hain. adhyaay aathh abb taka key parinamon koo aarekhatmak roop mein sankshep mein prastut kartaa haye. adhyaay nau mein ramse kii pramey koo kamjor karane key tarikon parr charcha kii gaee haye, aur antim adhyaay mein sanyojan mein majboot pramey parr charcha kii gaee haye, jisamen anant raikhik crum key swa-sanyojan parr dushnick-miller pramey, cruscal kii vriksh pramey, ganana yogya raikhik crum key crum koo embed karane parr lever kii pramey, aur aaee. pee. sett parr hindman kii pramey shamil hain. ack parishisht, parinam sangrah kaa hissa, jiyaayi leeu kii ack pramey kaa pramaan pradaan kartaa haye, joe darshaata haye kii graph ramsey pramey badee paanch upa pranaliyon mein naheen aataa haye.
darshak aur swaagat.
yeh ack takniki monograph haye, jisake pathakon koo computability siddhant aur ramsey siddhant key saath kuchh parichit honey kii aavashyakta hoti haye. vipareet ganit key poorv gyaan kii aavashyakta naheen haye. yeh kuchh hudd taka anaupchaarik shally mein likhaa gayaa haye, aur isamen kaee abhyaas shamil hain, joe ise ack snaatak paathyapustak key roop mein upayog karane yogya banaate hain yaa vipareet ganit mein kaam shuru karate hain; sameekshak francois dorais likhate hain kii yeh "vipareet ganit aur sanyojan siddhanton key sangananiyata siddhant kaa utkrisht parichay" haye aur saath hii saath vipareet ganit mein parinam saabit karane key liye upalabdh tarikon mein ack cases studdy haye.
sameekshak villium gassarc dou laapata vishayon key baare mein shikayat karate hain, joe millie kaa kaam ramsey key pramey key canonical sanskaranon key vipareet ganit parr, aur james scleral kaa graph rung key vipareet ganit parr kaam. phir bhee vaha iss pustak kii sifarish vipareet ganit aur ramse siddhant mein ruchi rakhane vaale kissy bhee vyakti koo karate hain. aur sameekshak benedict izthou ise "ack swaagat yogya jodd" kahate hain... samkaaleen vipareet ganitiya anusandhaan key kendriya pahalu parr ack nayaa aur sulabh nazar pradaan karna."
sambandhit padhana.
ack "classic sandarbh" vipareet ganit mein stephen simpson dwara likhit pustak "dwiteeya crum ankganit kii upapranaali" (2009) haye; yeh badee paanch upa pranaliyon key aspas kendrit haye aur isamen inn paanch mein seey ack key barabar taakat key parinamon key kaee aur udaaharan hain. dorais sujhaav dete hain kii donon pustakon koo ack saath saathi khandon key roop mein upayog kiya jaae.
sameekshak jeffery hirst ney iss pustak koo padhane key liye aavashyak prishthabhoomi key liye ack achche srot key roop mein rebekka webber dwara "computability theory" kaa sujhaav diyaa haye.