
polyol

carbonic rasayan vigyaan mein, ack polyol ack carbonic yaugik haye jisamen kaee hydroxyl samooh () hotey hain. polyol" shabd kaa arth thodaa alag hoe sakata haye joe iss baat parr nirbhar kartaa haye kii iska upayog khaadya vigyaan yaa bahulak rasayan vigyaan mein kiya jaataa haye yaa naheen. dou, teen aur chaar hydroxyl samoohon vaale polyol kramshah diol, triol aur tetrol hain.
vargeekaran.
polyol koo unake rasayan vigyaan key anusaar vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. inmein seey kuchh rasayan-vigyaan polyether, polyester, polly carbonate aur acrylic polyols bhee hain. polyether polyols koo aage upvibhajit kiya jaa sakata haye aur polyethylene oxide yaa polyethylene glycol (pegg), polypropylene glycol (pee. pee. jee.) aur polytetrahedrophuran yaa pee. tii. aim. ee. jee. key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. inmein prati oxygen paramanu mein kramshah 2,3 aur 4 carbon hotey hain. polycaprolectone polyol bhee vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh hain. biobased (aur isaliye akshay) polyol kaa upayog karane kii pravritti bhee badh rahee haye.
upayog karein.
polyether polyol key kaee upayog hain. ack udaaharan key roop mein, polyurethane phome polyether polyols kaa ack badaa upayogkarta haye.
polyester polyols kaa upayog kathor phome banaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. way sugandhit aur aliphatic donon sanskaranon mein upalabdh hain. way mishrit elephatic-aeromatic sanskaranon mein bhee upalabdh hain joe aksar punarnaveenikaran kachche maal seey baney hotey hain, aamtaur parr polyethylene terephthalate (paltu janwar).
aikrelik polyol kaa upayog aam taur parr uchch pradarshan anuprayogon mein kiya jaataa haye jahaan parabaingani prakaash key liye sthirata kii aavashyakta hoti haye aur cumm swar bhee. anya upayogon mein seedhe dhaatu key coating shamil hain. kyonki unakaa upayog vahaan kiya jaataa haye jahan achche yuvi pratirodh kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jaise kii motor vaahan coatings, isocyanate ghatak bhee yuvi pratirodhi hotaa haye aur isaliye isophorone disocyanate parr adharit isocyanate oligomers yaa prepolymer kaa upayog aam taur parr kiya jaataa haye.
caprolectone-adharit polyol unnat jall apghatan pratirodh key saath polyurethane kaa utpaadan karate hain.
polly carbonate polyol anya polyol kii tulanaa mein adhik mahange hotey hain aur iss prakaar adhik maang vaale anuprayogon mein upayog kiye jaate hain. inca upayog ack isophorone diasocyanate adharit prepolymer banaane key liye kiya gayaa haye jiska upayog phir kaanch key coating mein kiya jaataa haye. inca upayog pratikriyaasheel germ pighalane vaale chipakane mein kiya jaa sakata haye.
sabhi polyol kaa upayog polyurethane prepolymer banaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. phir inca upayog coatings, adhessives, sealant aur elastomers mein paaya jaataa haye.
cumm aanvik vajan vaale polyol.
cumm aanvik vajan vaale polyol kaa vyaapak roop seey bahulak rasayan vigyaan mein upayog kiya jaataa haye jahan way cross linking agents aur shrinkhala vistarakon key roop mein kaary karate hain. udaaharan key liye, alkyde regin apane sanshleshan mein polyol kaa upayog karate hain aur rangon mein aur dhaalane key liye mould mein upayog kiye jaate hain. way adhikansh vaanijyik "tail-adharit" coatings mein pramukh raal yaa "binder" hain. harr saal lagbhag 200,000 tunn alkyde regin kaa utpaadan hotaa haye. way ester gathan key madhyam seey pratikriyaasheel monomers koo jodane parr adharit hain. vaanijyik alkyde regin key utpaadan mein upayog kiye jaane vaale polyol glycerol, trimethylolpropen aur penterithritol hain. polyurethane prepolymer utpaadan mein, cumm aanvik vajan vaale polyol-diol jaise 1,4-butanadiol kaa upayog aanvik vajan koo aur badhaane key liye ack shrinkhala vistaarak key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye, halanki yeh chipchipahat koo badhaata haye kyonki adhik hydrogen bandhan pesh kiya jaataa haye.
cheeni alcohol.
cheeni alcohol, cumm aanvik vajan vaale polyol kaa ack varg, aamtaur parr sharkara key hydrogenkaran dwara praapt kiya jaataa haye. unakaa sootra (choh) nh2 haye, jahan n = 4-6 haye.
cheeni alcohol koo khaadya padarthon mein cheeni kii tulanaa mein cumm calori samagri key kaaran jodaa jaataa haye; haalaanki, way samanya roop seey cumm meethe bhee hotey hain, aur aksar uchch-teevrata vaale mithaas key saath sanyukt hotey hain. inhen chuing gumm mein bhee jodaa jaataa haye kyonki way munh mein bacteria dwara tootate naheen hain yaa acid mein chayapachaya naheen hotey hain, aur iss prakaar daanton key kshay mein yogdan naheen karate hain. maltitol, sorbitol, zylitol, erythritol aur isomalt aam cheeni alcohol hain.
polymeric polyols.
polyol" shabd kaa upayog aanvik reedh kii huddy key vibhinn rasayanon key liye kiya jaataa haye. polyurethane kaa utpaadan karane key liye polyols koo diasocyanates yaa polysocyanates key saath pratikriya kii jaa sakati haye. aim. dee. aaee. kaa poo phome utpaadan mein kaafee upayog hotaa haye. polyurethane kaa upayog gadde aur baithane key liye lachila phome banaane key liye kiya jaataa haye, refrigerator aur freezer key liye kathor phome insulation, elastomeric jootaa soul, fiber (jaise.jee. spandex), coatings, sealant aur chipakane vaale.
polyol" shabd kaa shreya hydroxyl samoohon vaale anya anuon koo bhee diyaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, polyvinyl alcohol (ch2chh) "n" hydroxyl samoohon key saath "n" haye jahan "n" hajaaron mein hoe sakata haye. cellulose kaee hydroxyl samoohon vaalaa ack bahulak haye, lekin ise polyol key roop mein sandarbhit naheen kiya jaataa haye.
punarnaveenikaran yaa punarnaveenikaran sroton seey polyol.
arandi tail aur kapas key tail sahit paudhe adharit samagri jaise akshay sroton parr adharit polyol hain. vanaspati tail aur biomass bhee sambhaavit akshay polyol kachcha maal hain. beej tail kaa upayog polyester polyols key utpaadan key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye.
guna.
choonki samanya shabd polyol kewal rasayanik namkaran seey liya gayaa haye aur kewal kaee hydroxyl samoohon kii upasthiti koo ingit kartaa haye, isaliye sabhi polyol koo koee samanya guna naheen diyaa jaa sakata haye. haalaanki, polyol aamtaur parr hydrogen bandhan key kaaran kamare key tapman parr chipchipe hotey hain.