
piyare renovin

piyare renovin (9 janwari, 1893-7 disambar, 1974) antarrashtriya sambandhon key ack francisi itihaaskaar they.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
unakaa janm peris mein huaa thaa aur unhone licey luis-leey-grand mein bhaag liya, jahan unhein 1912 mein unake aggregation seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. renovin ney germany aur roose mein yatra karate hue 1912-1914 bitaaya. renovin ney mairi-theres gabalda (1894-1982) seey shaadi kii aur 1918 aur 1920 key beach licey dee 'orleans mein shikshak key roop mein kaam kiya. 
carrier.
renovin ney 1920 aur 1922 key beach sorbone mein yuddh itihas pustakalaya key nideshak key roop mein kaary kiya, 1922 aur 1933 key beach sorbone mein vyakhyata key roop mein aur 1933 aur 1964 key beach sorbone mein professor key roop mein kaary kiya. unhone 1938 seey 1970 taka peris institute off political studies (vigyaan poe) mein bhee padhaaya.
sainya seva.
renovin ney pratham vishva yuddh mein ack paidal senaa key roop mein seva kii aur aprail 1917 mein kaarravaai mein buri tarah seey ghayal hoe gaye, jisase unakaa baayan haath aur unakaa dahina haath nasht hoe gayaa. 
pratham vishva yuddh mein german aparaadh koo darshaata haye.
renovin ney apane aitihaasik currier kii shuruat francisi kranti kii utpatti parr visheshagyata key saath kii, vishesh roop seey 1787 key ullekhaniya logon kii sabhaa key liye, jisake liye unhein apani phd seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. pratham vishva yuddh key baad, unhone pratham vishva yuddh kii utpatti key adhyayan kii or rukh kiya. ack anubhavi key roop mein, jisake shareer parr yuddh seey nishan hoe gaye they, renovin koo yeh jaanane mein bahut dilchaspi thee kii yuddh kyon shuru huaa thaa. yuddh key beach kii avadhi mein, yuddh kii jimmedaari key sawal kaa bahut badaa raajneetik nihitarth thaa kyonki german sarkaar iss baat parr jore detee rahee kii varsaay kii sandhi key anuchhed 231 key kaaran "yuddh aparaadh khand" thaa, poori sandhi anuchhed 231 parr ticky hui thee, aur yadi yeh saabit kiya jaa sakata haye kii germany yuddh key liye jimmedaar naheen thaa, tou varsaay kaa naitik aadhar kamjor hoe jaayega. iss tarah, "auswartiges ammot" mein ack yuddh aparaadh anubhaag thaa, joe poori tarah seey yeh saabit karane key liye samarpit thaa kii "reech" 1914 key yuddh key liye jimmedaar naheen thaa, aur itihaaskaar hairi elmer barnes jaise amerikiyon key kaam koo vitt poshit kiya, joe isi tarah nirdhaarit they kii yeh sahayogi they joe 1914 key hamlawar they.
1925 mein, renovin ney dou pustaken prakaashit keen, jinhen itihaaskaar david robbin watson ney pratham vishva yuddh key baare mein "itihaskaron key vishvakosh aur aitihaasik lekhan" mein "nishchit" key roop mein varnit kiya. pahali pustak, "less origins immediates day laa gyure (28 julaai-4 aaot 1914)" mein, renovin ney dikhaaya kii germany pratham vishva yuddh key liye jimmedaar thaa, aur france ney yuddh shuru naheen kiya thaa. less origins immediates day laa gyure" mein, renovin ney yuddh kii utpatti key baare mein likhaah
germany aur austriya bull prayog key alawa kissy anya samadhan koo sweekaar karane key liye sahmat naheen they; unhone jaanboojhkar aur sabhi sambhaavit parinamon parr vichaar karane key baad apani yojana parr nirnay liya. sangharsh kii "tatkaal" utpatti key sambandh mein, yeh tathya haye joe anya sabhi parr haavi haye
americi itihaaskaar jey winter aur francisi itihaaskaar antoine prost ney 2005 mein renovin key baare mein likhaah "humm sangharsh key anta key kewal saat saal baad prakaashit unaki sthiti mein vaapas aaa gaye hain. koee bhee kewal yeh prashansa curr sakata haye kii vaha kitane vidwan aur satark they, aur unake nishkarsh samay kii kasauti parr kitane achche seey khade rahey hain. doosari pustak "less formes doo government dee guerre" mein, renovin ney pratham vishva yuddh mein germany aur france key tulanaatmak raajneetik itihas kii peshkash kii, jisamen varnan kiya gayaa kii kaise france apane loktantra koo sanrakshit karane key liye yuddh key tanaav mein saksham thaa, lekin germany mein, 1914 mein maujood loktantra key kaun seey chhote tatva 1916 taka sainya tanashahi dwara beh gaye they, jiska netritva feeled marshel paul wonn hindenberg aur general erich ludendorff ney kiya thaa.
donon pustakon mein francisi vampanthi, german itihaskaron aur german maafi maangane vaalon jaise hairi elmer barnes key saath ack vivadaspad bahas mein renovin shamil they, jinhone daavaa kiya kii yeh france aur roose they joe 1914 key julaai sankat mein hamlawar they. 1920 key dashak mein, aksar yeh daavaa kiya jaataa thaa kii 1912 seey 1914 taka, "poinkere-laa-guer" (poinkere kaa yuddh) kii ranneeti thee aur maanaa jaataa haye kii francisi rashtrapati raymond poin ney roose key samrat nicolaus dwiteeya key sanyojan mein germany koo vighatit karane key liye ack aakramak yuddh kii yojana banaai thee. 1920 key dashak mein upalabdh dastavejon key ack karibi adhyayan seey, renovin "poinkere-laa-guerre" aur germany key franco-russie aakraamakta kaa shikaar honey key aaropon kaa khandan karane mein saksham thaa, aur usake baad key shodh ney renovin key praarambhik nishkarshon kii pushti kii haye. renovin key kaam koo francisi sarkaar dwara "auswartiges amt" key yuddh aparaadh khand key daavon kaa khandan karane key liye vitt poshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur francisi vampanthiyon ney ack "aadhikarik" itihaaskaar honey key liye renovin parr hamla kiya, lekin renovin francisi yuddh poorv neeti key pahaluon key aalochak they.
way pahale itihaaskaar they jinhone jaali dastavejon koo rakhane key liye 1914 kii francisi pealy pustak, julaai sankat seey sambandhit rajanyik dastavejon key sangrah kaa khulasa kiya. renovin ney 1929 mein apane kaam kaa varnan iss prakaar kiyaah
padhane key liye hajaaron rajanyik dastavej, saikadon hajaaron gavaahon kii gawahi, vivaad aur bahas kii ack bhulbhulaiya, joe kabhi-kabhi kuchh mahatvapurna rahasyodghatan kii khoj mein paar kii jaani chaahiye-yeh itihaaskaar kaa kaam haye joe vishva yuddh kii utpatti kii mahaan samasya parr hamla karane kaa kaam kartaa haye.
1920 key dashak key dauran, julaai sankat key vishay parr sabse lokpriya itihaskaron mein seey ack americi barnes they, joe berlin mein yuddh key karanon key adhyayan key liye pramukh "volkish" karyakarta pramukh alfred wonn vegerer key netritva mein kendra dwara nikatata seey judey aur vitt poshit they, joe german sarkaar dwara gupt roop seey vitt poshit ack chhadm-aitihaasik anusandhaan sansthaan thaa, joe iss shodh prabandh key duniya key pramukh adhivakta key roop mein ubhara thaa kii pratham vishva yuddh vaastav mein "poinkere-laa-gurre" thaa.
1926 mein apani pustak "vishva yuddh kii utpatti" prakaashit karane key baad, barnes koo poorv german samrat wilhelm dwiteeya ney vyaktigat roop seey dhanyavaad dene key liye apane dutch nirvaasan mein unase milane key liye aamantrit kiya thaa. ack hairan karane vaale barnes ney poorv casser key saath apani mulakat kaa varnan karane key liye likhaah "unaki shaahi mahima yeh jaankar khush thee kii maine 1914 mein yuddh shuru karane key liye unhein doshi naheen thaharaaya.. vaha merey iss vichaar seey asahmat they kii roose aur france mukhya roop seey jimmedaar they. unhone kahaa kii 1914 key khalnayak antarrashtriya yahudi aur swatantra rajmistri they, joe, unhone aarop lagaaya, rashtriya raajyon aur isai dharm koo nasht karna chaahte they.
yuddh key baare mein wilheim kii yahudi-virodhi tippani yahoodiyon kaa kaam honey key kaaran, duniya kii sabhi samasyaon koo yahoodiyon parr dosh dene key liye ack badhati vichitra yahudi-virodhi khoj mein baarn koo bund curr diyaa, ack aisee prakriya joe 1945 key baad samaapt hui jaba baarn duniya key pahale holocast daniers mein seey ack bunn gaye. yeh dekhate hue kii renovin aur barnes key yuddh key liye kaun jimmedaar thaa aur barnes kii vyaktigat roop seey kissy parr bhee hamla karane kii pravritti key aalok mein alag-alag vichaar they, jinake vichaar unase apmaanjanak bhasha mein alag they, aksar inn daavon key saath kii barnes key lakshya kewal yahoodiyon kii kathputaliyaan theen, renovin aur barnes yuddh key liye jimmedaar kaun thaa, iss baare mein ack bhadde bahas mein shamil hoe gaye.
kyonki german sarkaar ney julaai key sankat seey sambandhit dastavejon kaa ack chayanaatmak aur bhraamak sangrah prakaashit kiya thaa, aur francisi sarkaar ney kwai dee 'orse seey koee dastavej prakaashit naheen kiya thaa, isaliye 1920 key dashak mein renovin key kaam koo vyaapak roop seey sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa thaa, lekin dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad german abhilekhagar key ack poorna udghaatan ney renovin kii chhatravritti koo maanya curr diyaa haye. renovin ney khud 1920 aur 1930 key dashak mein aksar shikayat kii kii kwai dee 'orse kii apane abhilekhagar koo bund rakhane kii neeti ney apane abhilekhagar koo prakaashit karate hue aisaa lagaa kii isamen chhipaane key liye kuchh thaa aur isaliye duniya bhar key aam logon koo german mamle key liye adhik khula banaa diyaa. renovin ney swayam francisi abhilekhagar kholane mein agrani bhoomika nibhai aur julaai sankat seey sambandhit francisi dastavejon koo prakaashit karane key prabhaari francisi aitihaasik aayog key adhyaksh baney. renovin ney swayam iss vishay seey sambandhit ack patrika banaai, "review dee 'histoire dee laa gyure mondiyale" ("vishva yuddh key itihas kii sameeksha"), aur unhone 1934 mein iss vishay parr ack aur pustak, "laa cries europe aitt laa grande gyure" ("europeeya sankat aur mahaan yuddh") prakaashit kii.
"bull kushalata seey.
isake alawa, renovin ney antarrashtriya sambandhon key vyaapak adhyayan koo prastut karane key liye apane aitihaasik kaary kaa vistaar kiya. 1946 mein, renovin ney "laa kweshchan dee 'extreme orient, 1840-1940" ("sudur poorv kaa prashn, 1840-1940") prakaashit kiya, jisake baad 1953 aur 1958 key beach "histoir days relations international" prakaashit huaa, jisamen madhya yug seey 1945 taka key antarrashtriya itihas koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa. 1964 mein, renovin ney francisi itihaaskaar jeane-baptist duroselle (1917-1994) key saath "introduction aeye ell' histoir days relations international" ("antarrashtriya sambandhon key itihas kaa parichay") prakaashit kiya.
ack itihaaskaar key roop mein, renovin rajanyik itihas koo prabhaavit karane vaali vyaapak samajik taakton key saath adhik seey adhik chintit honey lagey. proteges" duroselle aur mauris boumont (1892-1981) key saath milkar, unhone ack nae prakaar key antarrashtriya itihas kii shuruat kii, jisamen videsh neeti parr gharelu rajneeti key prabhaav kii tarah "(gahan taakton)" koo lena shamil thaa. kaee mayanon mein, renovin kaa "forces profonds" key saath kaam rajanyik itihaskaron key analys school key barabar thaa.
"senaa kii senaa.
apani 1968 kii pustak 'ell' armistis dee rethondis '(' dha armistis off rethondis ') mein, renovin ney jaanch kii kii navambar 1918 mein pratham vishva yuddh kaise samaapt huaa. renovin ney tark diyaa kii 11 navambar 1918 koo yuddh koo samaapt karane vaalaa yuddhaviram naa kewal sainya sthiti kaa ack utpaad thaa, balki sahayogi deshon mein janmat bhee thaa aur yeh kii yuddhaviram ney juuna 1919 mein varsaay kii sandhi key kaee pahaluon koo poorv nirdhaarit kiya thaa, iss prakaar yeh sunishchit kiya kii americi rashtrapati vudro willson key paas peris shaanti sammelan key dauran paintarebaazi key liye cumm jagah thee, joe aksar maanaa jaataa thaa. renovin ney kahaa kii "casserchlucht" ("samrat kii ladaai") kii viphalata key baad, 1918 key vasant mein germany key liye yuddh jeetane key iraade seey "antim aakraman", sahyogiyon ney jwaar koo badal diyaa thaa aur 1918 kii garmiyon seey, sahayogi dheere-dheere lekin nishchit roop seey, germans koo france seey baahar dhakel rahey they.
renovin ney nott kiya kii 8 agast 1918 "german senaa kaa kaalaa dinn" thaa, kyonki yeh emines kii ladaai kii safal shuruat koo chihnit kartaa haye, jisamen british abhiyaan bull key kanadai core ney german rekhaaon koo toda diyaa, jisase francisi, british rashtramandal aur americi balon key saath saikadon dinon kaa aakraman uttari france aur belgium mein lagaatar aage badh rhaa haye. octuber 1918 taka, ottoman samrajya ney aatmasamarpan curr diyaa thaa, austriya-hangri marshel luis franchet dee 'esperi aur america kii vishal audyogik kshamata aur shramshakti kii kamaan key tahat balcon mein francisi netritva vaale aakraman key baad ack raajya key roop mein dhwast hoe gayaa thaa, jiska arth thaa kii germany koo lambe samay mein jeet kii koee ummeed naheen thee, bhale hii vaha 1918 key patan mein kissy tarah seey sthiti koo apane laabh key liye sthir karane mein kamyab rhaa hoe.
octuber 1918 mein, americi senaa ney vardan mein toda diyaa thaa, jisase paschimi morche parr bahut daravana "toot" hoe gayaa thaa jisake madhyam seey sahayogi aage badh sakate they. renovin ney tark diyaa kii iss disha koo dekhate hue kii yuddh 1918 key anta taka liya gayaa thaa, "yojana 1919", 1919 key vasant mein sahyogiyon koo seedhe berlin leey jaane key liye marshel ferdinand foach kii aakramak yojana, nishchit roop seey safal hoti aggar ise shuru kiya gayaa hotaa.
reech" key liye vinashkari sthiti key beach, keel vidroh uttari samudra mein "death cruze" parr jaane key bajaay uchch samudra key bede key naavikon key saath vidroh key saath shuru huaa, jiska uddeshya anglo-americi bhavya bede key saath yuddh mein uchch samudra key bede koo nasht hotey hue dekhana thaa taaki german admiral daavaa curr sakein kii yuddh mein uchch samudra kaa bedaa bekaar naheen thaa. renovin ney likhaa kii german abhijaat varg key liye, uchch samudra key bede kaa vidroh antim pual thaa, jisane unhein yuddh koo samaapt karane key liye dridh kiya, jabaki "reech" key liye kuchh bachaaya jaa sakata thaa, naa kii germany koo hamesha key liye ack mahaan shakti key roop mein nasht kiya gayaa aur/yaa kranti dwara satta seey bahaaya gayaa thaa joe vidroh ney bhadkaya thaa.
renovin ney nott kiya kii 1918 kii aapada seey kuchh bachaane key liye german abhijaat varg kaa dridh sankalp thaa kii german adhikaari dall, joe rajtantra kaa gadh thaa, rajtantra key khilaf hoe gayaa aur wilheim key generalon ney usey gaddi chhodane kaa adesh diyaa. sahyogiyon ney yeh spasht curr diyaa thaa kii way kissy bhee shart parr unake saath yuddhaviram parr hastakshar naheen karenge. renovin ney likhaa kii "willson koo europe kaa pataa naheen thaa", sahyogiyon aur americi janmat kii ichchhaon kii andekhi karke, joe koee bhee aisaa aadhaa upaay naheen chaahte they joe germany koo phir seey ladane kii anumati dey. renovin ney tark diyaa kii willson key paas shaanti key liye koee masterplan naheen thaa, ghatnaaon key jawab mein apani kootneeti mein sudhaar kiya aur jaba doston aur dushmanon donon key saath nipatane kii baat aatee thee tou apani vyaktigat samajhaane kii shaktiyon koo bahut adhik badhaa-chadhaakar pesh kiya.
renovin ney kahaa kii 11 navambar 1918 kaa yuddhaviram donon pakshon key beach ack gadbad kaa mamla thaa. germans ney kewal ack haarne vaale yuddh koo samaapt karane key liye yuddhaviram parr hastakshar kiye aur yadi koee avsar aataa haye tou sangharsh koo phir seey shuru karane key liye taiyar they. thheek isi kaaran seey, francisi aur british ney yuddhaviram parr itna kathor jore diyaa thaa kii germany kabhi bhee yuddh phir seey shuru naheen curr sakata thaa. renovin ney kahaa kii willson chaahte they kii germany ack raajya key roop mein astitva mein rahey kyonki jaba taka yeh banaa rhaa, sahyogiyon koo hamari sahaayata kii aavashyakta thee, jisane willson koo ack aisee shaanti vaarta mein laabh diyaa joe hamaare hiton key liye anukool hogi. renovin ney tark diyaa kii usee samay, willson naheen chaahte they kii germany "vishva shakti kii sthiti" key liye apani khoj koo phir seey shuru karey, joe ack dinn sanyukt raajya america key liye khatra hoe sakata haye aur isaliye willson germany key prati udaar shaanti key samarthak naheen they, jiska daavaa angreji bolane vaale itihaaskaar aksar karna pasand karate they.
duvidha koo hull karane key liye, renovin ney likhaa kii willson ack kathor yuddhaviram kii anglo-francisi maang parr sahmat hoe gaye they, lekin saath hii saath germans seey vaadaa kiya kii chaudah bindu, aspasht aur aadarshvaadi yuddh kaa ack samooh joe unhone 1918 mein pahale pesh kiya thaa, shaanti kaa aadhar hoga. renovin ney tark diyaa kii germany key nae netaa, yeh achchi tarah seey jaanate hue kii way parajit hue they, abhee bhee ise ack mahaan shakti key roop mein banaae rakhane key liye pratibaddh they. unhone likhaa kii german abhijaat varg key liye, chaudah ankon mein vaadaa kiye gaye atmanirnaya key aadhar parr austriya koo jodana aur madhya aur purvi europe parr aarthik prabhutva rakhna sabse achchha thaa jise 1918 key anta kii sthitiyon mein prabandhit kiya jaa sakata thaa aur samay aaney parr german shakti key punruddhar kaa aadhar hoga.
renovin ney kahaa kii 1918 kaa yuddhaviram yuddh koo samaapt karane kaa sabse buraa sambhav tarika thaa kyonki isane bahut adhik takraav vaale hiton key saath sthiti koo samhitaabaddh kiya thaa. francisi janmat kaa maanana thaa kii france yuddh key baad reinland koo apane saath jodd legaa, yeh dhaarana disambar 1918 mein hui reinland parr kabja karane key liye sahyogiyon kii yuddhaviram kii maang seey prabalit hui. soviyat roose key poore vishva mein saamyvaad failaane key uddeshya kaa matlab thaa kii nayaa soviyat shasson kabhi bhee antarrashtriya sambandhon mein ack rachanaatmak shakti naheen hoe sakata thaa. british netaa chintit they kii navambar kranti, jisane german rajshahi koo ukhaad fenka thaa, ack vyaapak krantikari kii shuruat hoe sakati haye joe poore europe mein saamyvaad koo laa degi. willson kaa daavaa kii vaha chaudah binduon key aadhar parr shaanti banaa sakata haye aur german sainyavaad koo hamesha key liye nasht curr sakata haye, poori tarah seey avaastavik thaa.
renovin ney likhaa kii germany key saath ack yuddhaviram parr hastakshar karane kaa matlab thaa kii german sarkaar ack asman bhagidar key roop mein bhee shaanti key liye sahayogi bhagidar banane jaa rahee thee. ack baar jaba 11 navambar 1918 koo ladaai bund hoe gaee, tou janmat kaa dabaav, joe yuddh koo phir seey shuru naheen dekhana chaahata thaa, kaa matlab thaa kii sahayogi netaaon koo ack shaanti banani thee jise german haath seey aswikar naheen karenge. renovin ney tark diyaa kii yuddhaviram key baad, sahayogi deshon mein janmat badal gayaa, aur aam loga yuddh kii bahaali naheen dekhana chaahte they, jisane itane saare logon koo maar daala thaa aur ghayal curr diyaa thaa, jisane 1919 mein shaanti sthaapana key liye sahayogi netaaon key vikalpon koo seemit curr diyaa thaa.
renovin ney yuddhaviram key sabhi virodhabhason key baare mein likhaa, jisane iss aadhar parr tathyon koo banaaya kii unhein badalana mushkil thaa aur kaise shaktiyon key bahut alag-alag hita juuna 1919 mein varsaay kii sandhi kaa aadhar bunn gaye. samjhauta shaanti jisane sabhi koo aprasann kiya kyonki isane germany koo ack mahaan shakti key roop mein nasht naheen kiya, lekin yeh sunishchit karane key liye itna chidchida thaa kii german ise kabhi bhee vaidh key roop mein sweekaar naheen karenge.
renovin ney nott kiya kii sahyogiyon ney juuna 1919 mein varsaay kii sandhi lagu kii thee, lekin ise puuraa karane kii jimmedaari germans key paas thee, jinase unhein "vishva shakti kii sthiti" seey sthaayi roop seey rokane key liye banaai gaee sandhi koo apanaane kii shayed hii ummeed kii jaa sakati thee. renovin ney aage tark diyaa kii france kii 'suraksha' kii raksha karane kii aavashyakta vishva shakti banane kii germany kii mahatvakankshaon key saath asangat thee. samjhauta sandhi ney france koo yeh bhram pradaan kiya kii usaki suraksha surakshit thee. haalaanki, isane yeh sunishchit kiya kii german shakti key punruddhar kaa aadhar banaa huaa thaa. renovin ney nishkarsh nikala kii behtar hotaa aggar 1918 key yuddhaviram parr hastakshar naheen kiye jaate aur isake bajaay sahyogiyon ney 1919 taka yuddh jaari rakhaa hotaa.
unake kaee shishyon mein naa kewal francisi balki videshi itihaaskaar bhee shamil they, joe prasiddh yunani vidwan dimitri kitsikis they, jinake sammaan mein grees ney dimitri kitsikis saarvajanik neenv banaai.

