plaig doctor

plaig doctor ack chikitsak thaa jisane mukhya roop seey 16veen aur 17veen shatabdi mein mahamariyon key dauran bubonic plaig key peediton kaa ilaaj kiya. inn chikitsakon koo shaharon dwara aaya kii parwah kiye binaa sankramit rogiyon key ilaaj key liye kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey garib joe bhugtan karane kaa kharch wahan naheen curr sakate they.
plaig doctors kii ack mishrit pratishtha thee, kuchh nagrikon ney apani upasthiti koo kshetra chhodane kii chetavani key roop mein dekhaa yaa kii mrityu nikat thee. kahaa jaataa thaa kii kuchh plaig doctors ney vishesh upchaar yaa galat ilaaj key liye rogiyon aur unake parivaaron seey atirikt shulk liya thaa. kaee mamalon mein yeye doctor anubhavi chikitsak yaa shalya chikitsak naheen they, isake bajaay swayamsevi, dusare darje key doctor, yaa yuva doctor they joe sirf ack carrier shuru curr rahey they. ack mamle mein, ack plaig doctor ack chikitsak key roop mein apani naukari seey pahale ack phal vikreta thaa. plaig key doctor shayed hii kabhi rogiyon koo thheek karate hain, isake bajaay jansankhyikiya uddeshyon key liye mrityu darr aur sankramit logon kii sankhya darj karane mein madad karate hain.
france aur neetherland mein, plaig doctors key paas aksar chikitsa prashikshan kii kamee thee aur unhein "anubhav" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa. plaig doctors koo nagarpalika yaa "samudayik plaig doctors" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, jabaki "samanya chikitsak" alag-alag doctor they aur donon ack hii samay mein ack hii europeeya shahar yaa shahar mein hoe sakate hain.
itihas.
plaig doctors dwara mask pahanane kaa sabse pahala sandarbh 1373 mein haye jaba johannes jacoby unake upayog kii sifarish karate hain lekin way unakaa koee bhautik vivaran naheen dete hain. garrett rez "sankraamak rogon key vishvakosh" key anusaar, pratishthit plaig doctor kaa pahala ullekh peris mein 1619 key plaig prakop key dauran, shaahi chikitsak charles dee lorm key likhit kaary mein paaya gayaa haye, joe usa samay france key raajaa lui xiii kii seva curr rahey they. dee lorme key baad, german utkeernak gerhart altzenback ney 1656 mein ack prasiddh chitran prakaashit kiya, jiss parr prakaashak pollus first kaa pratishthit "doctor schnabel wonn rome" (1656) adharit haye. iss vyangyapurna kaary mein, first varnan kartaa haye kii kaise doctor logon koo daraane key alawa kuchh naheen kartaa haye aur marane aur marane vaale logon seey paise letaa haye.
orvito shahar ney 1348 mein prati varsh 50 florin kii samanya doctor kii darr seey chaar baar mattio phoo angelo koo kaam parr rakhaa. pope clement vee ney black death plaig key dauran avinon key beemar logon kii dekhbhal key liye kaee atirikt plaig doctors koo kaam parr rakhaa. venis mein athaarah doctors mein seey kewal ack 1348 taka bachaa thaah paanch plaig seey marr gaye they, aur baarah laapata they aur shayed bhaag gaye they.
vidhiyaan aur kaary.
plaig key doctors ney rakt-pravaah aur anya upchaaron kaa abhyaas kiya jaise kii "haasya koo phir seey santulit karane key liye" mendhakon yaa boondon parr junch dalna."plaig seey peedit logon kaa ilaaj karane key alawa, plaig doctor kaa pramukh kaary plaig seey honey vaali mauton key saarvajanik record koo sankalit karna thaa.
florence aur perugia jaise kuchh europeeya shaharon mein, plaig doctors seey mrityu key kaaran aur plaig ney logon koo kaise prabhaavit kiya, yeh nirdhaarit karane mein madad karane key liye shav pareekshan karane kaa anurodh kiya gayaa thaa. plaig key doctor kabhi-kabhi plaig mahamari key samay rogiyon kii antim ichcha aur vasiyatnama bhee lete they, aur apane rogiyon koo mrityu seey pahale unake aacharan key baare mein salah dete they. yeh salah rogi key aadhar parr bhinn hoti haye, aur madhya yug key baad, doctor aur rogi key beach sambandhon kii prakriti ack teji seey jatil naitik sanhita dwara niyantrit kii jaati thee.
poshak.
kuchh plaig doctors ney ack vishesh poshak pahani thee jisamen ack takhane kii lambai kaa overcoat aur ack pakshi jaisa chonch mask thaa. way jiss havaa mein saans lete hain usey shuddh karane key prayaas key roop mein (yeh maanaa jaataa thaa kii achchi badbu seey beemaariyaan 'radd' hoe jaayengi, aur loga aksar apani naak key neeche ack phool key saath ghoomate hain), pahanane vaalaa mask koo jadee-bootiyon aur masalon (aamtaur parr lavender) seey bhar detaa thaa. plaig key doctor dastaane, joote, ack chaudi-dhaaridaar topi, ack linnon hood aur ack baahari kapade key saath bhee pahanate they. haalaanki, yeh poshak sabhi madhyayugeen aur praarambhik aadhunik chikitsakon dwara plaig rogiyon kaa adhyayan aur ilaaj karane key liye naheen pahani jaati thee.
poshak kii sateek utpatti spasht naheen haye lekin itali aur france mein vaapas dinaankit kii gaee haye. plaig key doctor cumm seey cumm 1373 seey kissy naa kissy roop kaa mukhauta pahanate they. adhikansh chitran vyangyaatmak lekhan aur raajneetik cartoonon seey aatey hain. plaig doctor ney samanya bhaya aur mrityu key prateek key roop mein italvi rangmanch mein veshbhusha koo prerit kiya, halanki kuchh itihaskaron kaa kahana haye kii plaig doctor mool roop seey kaalpanik thaa aur baad mein vaastavik plaig doctors koo prerit kiya. plaig key agyaat srot key baare mein andhavishwas aur darr key jawab mein plaig doctor key chitran badhe.
aksar, yeye plaig doctor antim cheej theen joe ack rogi mrityu seey pahale dekhta thaa; isaliye, doctors koo mrityu kii poorv-ashanka key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa. aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii iss kukhyaat poshak key gawah honey kaa daavaa karane vaale ekmatra samkaaleen srot 17veen shatabdi key dauran itali mein sthit hain. anya kshetron mein adharit baad key sroton kaa daavaa haye kii yeh poshak unake desh mein upayog mein thee (vishesh roop seey kaali mrityu key dauran); haalaanki, yeh sambhav haye kii way rangmanch aur anya kathaaon seey prabhaavit hoe rahey houn, joe pahale seey hii iss lekh mein uddhrit hain.
vishisht mask mein aankho key liye kaanch key dwaar they aur ack ghumaavdaar chamade kii chonch ack pakshi kii chonch key aakar kii thee jisamen pattiyan theen joe doctor kii naak key saamane chonch koo pakadati theen. mask mein dou chhote naak key chhed they aur yeh ack prakaar kaa shwasan yantra thaa jisamen sugandhit vastuen theen. rome mein 1656-1658 mahamari key dauran jadee-bootiyon seey bharee hui chonch kaa pahala gyaat avalokan thaa. chonch mein sookhe phool (jaise gulab aur carnation), jadee-bootiyaan (jaise lavender aur papermint), kapoor, yaa ack sirka spunge, saath hii saath juniper berry, embergris, laung, labdanum, mirr aur storax hoe sakate hain. chonch key ander naak key khilaf jadee-bootiyon koo rogi yaa shav kii jaanch karane key liye doctor koo unake donon haathon koo mukt karane kii anumati dee jaati haye. mask kaa uddeshya sadate hue shareer jaisi badbu koo door rakhna thaa aur sabse savdhani key saath lii gaee gandh koo miyasma key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, joe "kharaab havaa" kaa ack hanikarak roop haye. ise bimari kaa pramukh kaaran maanaa jaataa thaa. doctors kaa maanana thaa kii jadee-bootiyaan plaig kii "buri" badbu kaa mukabala karengi aur unhein sankramit honey seey rokengi.
chaude kinare vaali chamade kii topi ney unake peshe kaa sanket diyaa, way lakadi key bent kaa upayog karate they taaki dhyaan dene kii aavashyakta vaale kshetron koo ingit kiya jaa sakey aur rogiyon kii binaa chhue jaanch kii jaa sakey. logon koo door rakhane aur plaig peediton koo chhue binaa unake kapade hataane key liye bhee bent kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. doctor kaa lamba vastra linnon seey banaaya gayaa thaa kyonki kahaa jaataa thaa kii keetanu anya samagriyon kii tarah aasaani seey linnon seey chipke naheen rahate they. vastra koo kabhi-kabhi bakri kii twacha seey bhee banaaya jaataa thaa, jise linnon kii tulanaa mein plaig key khilaf majboot kahaa jaataa thaa kyonki isake chhote chhidra aur polish banaavat key kaaran. suraksha kii ack atirikt parat key liye vastra koo tail yaa mome seey seal karane key baare mein sunaa gayaa thaa taaki "kharaab havaa" linnon samagri key chhidron seey naa nickle sakey. haalaanki plaig kii prakriti key baare mein samkaaleen siddhant galat they, lekin yeh sambhavana haye kii poshak vaastav mein pahanane vaale koo kuchh pratiraksha pradaan karati thee. kapade shareer koo dhaka dete they, chhitput rakt, lasika aur khansi kii boondon seey bachaate they, aur mome kaa vastra pissu (plaig key vaastavik vaahak) koo shareer koo chhoone yaa linnon seey chipakane seey rokta thaa. plaig doctor kii poshak ack hazmat soot key shuruati udaharanon mein seey ack haye.
iss prasiddh poshak kaa upayog abb mukhya roop seey europe mein aur rangmanch kii kalaa key bheetar tyohaaron mein aam poshak key roop mein kiya jaataa haye.
anubandh.
plaig doctor kaa anubandh bubonic plaig rogiyon key ilaaj key liye ack shahar key prashasakon aur ack doctor key beach ack samjhauta thaa. yeye anubandh europeeya shahar abhilekhagar mein maujood hain. unaki anubandh kii jimmedaari plaig rogiyon kaa ilaaj karna thaa, aur kissy anya prakaar key rogi koo, roga koo asankramit logon mein failane seey rokane key liye naheen. plaig key ack mareej koo dekhane key baad ack plaig doctor koo lambe samay taka sangrodh mein rehna padata thaa. doctor koo ack "sampark" key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa jise samjhaute dwara prithak-vaas mein rehna padata thaa.
baatchit.
saudebaji joe hamesha antim anubandh seey pahale hoti thee, aksar gambhir vaartaon seey yukt hoti thee. udaaharan key liye, 1630 mein turin key nagar prashaasak ack dow. dwara anurodhit samjhaute kii sharton parr vichaar curr rahey they. maletto unake plaig doctor banane key liye. bahut baatchit key baad, unhone apane dalal pratinidhiyon koo iss dow key saath jald seey jald ack nishpaksh aur twarit sauda karane kaa nirdesh diyaa. maletto. unhein apane shahar key liye sabse achchha sauda karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa, lekin iss plaig doctor koo kaam parr rakhane kaa avsar naa khone key liye savdhan rahein, kyonki itani cumm darr parr inn khatarnak kartavyon koo karane key liye kissy aur koo dhoondhana mushkil hoga.
plaig doctors aur sankramit europeeya shaharon key beach hui kathin baatchit key ack udaaharan key roop mein, pavia mein ack jiyovanni dee ventura aur shahar key beach unake abhilekhagar mein ack mool samjhauta haye joe solah khand anubandh koo darshaata haye jise mool roop seey likhe jaane key baad aage sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. khand ack mein mool roop seey vetan key liye prati maah 30 florin dikhaae gaye they, lekin baad mein ise jeevan yapan key kharchon key liye sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. khand dou mool roop seey thaa kii vetan dou maheene pahale diyaa jaanaa thaa lekin baad mein ise masik mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa. khand paanch ney mool roop seey dou maheene kaa vichhed vetan pradaan kiya thaa, lekin baad mein ise ack maheene key vetan mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa. khand chhah mein kahaa gayaa haye kii "ukt master jiyovanni koo kewal plaig rogiyon kii dekhbhal key alawa baadhya naheen kiya jaayega aur naa hii daayitva key tahat rakhaa jaayega" jise baad mein badhaaya gayaa thaa...doctor koo sabhi rogiyon kaa ilaaj karna chaahiye aur sankramit sthaanon parr jaanaa chaahiye kyonki yeh aavashyak paaya jaayega."khand saat kaa sambandh poorna nagrikta seey thaa aur mool paath koo" "vaha khud kaise vyavhaar karega" "key anusaar sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa."
bernardino dee franco renauldi ney apane anubandh mein ack khand praapt kiya jaba unhein 1527 mein voltera shahar dwara plaig doctor key roop mein kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, jisamen anivarya roop seey kahaa gayaa thaa kii shahar kaa daayitva bernardino koo unake jeevan samarthan key liye aavashyak sabhi aur sub kuchh pradaan karna thaa (i.ee. bhojan, paani), aur inn rahane key kharchon kaa bhugtan shahar key kharchon key madhyam seey kiya jaanaa haye.
fatkaar lagaata haye.
1527 mein, praato shahar mein, stephano mazetino naamak ack plaig doctor koo binaa kissy sanrakshak key anya rogiyon kii dekhbhal karate dekhaa gayaa thaa. plaig doctor anubandh mein niyam yeh thaa kii jaba vaha anya rogiyon seey milane jaataa haye tou ack sanrakshak koo hamesha plaig doctor key saath honah chaahiye. isase janata key liye bahut khatra paida hoe gayaa. una parr unake avaidh kaary aur plaig doctor anubandh key niyam koo todane key liye jurmana lagaaya gayaa thaa.

