libia mein 2011 key sainya hastakshep parr americi gharelu pratikriyaaen

libia mein 2011 key sainya hastakshep key baad sanyukt raajya america mein gharelu pratikriyaaen aalochana seey laker samarthan taka theen. tunisia aur misra mein hui kraantiyon key vipareet, joe badey paimaane parr baahari hastakshep key binaa kii gaee theen, janwari aur farwari 2011 mein shuru hue virodh pradarshanon key prati gaddafi shasson kii kroor pratikriya ney jaldi hii yeh spasht curr diyaa kii libia kii vipakshi taakaten raajneetik pragati hassil karane yaa apani sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane mein saksham naheen hongi. manvadhikaron key gambhir ullanghan key chalate, sanyukt rashtra suraksha parishad ney libia key oopar ack noo-fly zone sthaapit kiya aur sanyukt rashtra key sadasya deshon koo hamale key khatare mein nagrikon aur nagrik aabaadi vaale kshetron kii raksha key liye sabhi aavashyak upaay karane key liye adhikrit kiya. dou dinn baad, sanyukt raajya america, united kingdam aur france sahit raajyon key ack gathbandhan ney libia mein sainya lakshyon key khilaf havaai hamale karna shuru curr diyaa. march 2011 key anta taka, naato ney libia mein antarrashtriya sainya abhiyaan koo apane haath mein leey liya thaa. naato key samarthan seey, vidrohiyon ney lagaatar libia mein satta hassil kii, agast mein rajdhani tripoli parr niyantran hassil kiya aur octuber 2011 mein gaddafi shasson key antim shahar sirte parr niyantran hassil kiya. sirte parr ladaai key dauran, gaddafi koo maar diyaa gayaa thaa. vidrohiyon dwara desh key adhikansh hisson parr niyantran karane aur adhikansh antarrashtriya samudaay dwara libia kii vaidh (sankramankalin) sarkaar key roop mein maanyata praapt honey key saath, libia shasson mein badalaav aaya haye.
virodh.
raajneetik sansthaan.
3 juuna, 2011 koo sanyukt raajya america key pratinidhi sabhaa paarit hui. prastaav mein kahaa gayaa haye kii "rashtrapati libia mein sainya abhiyaan key liye congress koo ack sammohak tark pradaan karane mein whiffle rahey hain", aur kahaa kii "rashtrapati libia mein sanyukt raajya sashastr balon kii ikaaiyon aur sadasyon kii upasthiti koo taba taka tainaat, sthaapit yaa banaae naheen rakhenge jaba taka kii upasthiti kaa uddeshya sashastr balon key kissy sadasya koo aasann khatare seey bachaana naa hoe" aur unhein, raajya sachiv, raksha sachiv aur mahanyayvadi koo libia mein apani ranneeti kii vyakhya karane aur congress koo samajhaane key liye 14 dinn diye gaye kii hamale aapke dwara uchit hain.aiss. ruchiyaan.
usee dinn ack anya prastaav parr matdan huaa, aur loktantravadiyon aur ganarajyiyon donon dwara saha-praayojit, obama koo libia seey senaa vaapas lene kaa adesh diyaa. yeh whiffle rhaa. prastaav kaa samarthan 87 gantantravadiyon ney kiya, jisamen ack party key gair-hastakshep kii or badhane parr prakaash daala gayaa.
maheene key anta mein, zim web aur bobb corker dwara senate mein pesh kiye gaye ack prastaav key liye white house koo mission koo jaari rakhane seey pahale senate aur house kii manjuri lenny thee, saath hii yuu parr pratibandh lagaane kii bhee maang kii gaee thee.aiss. operation mein jamini sanic. johnn kerrie aur johnn mccain dwara pesh kiya gayaa ack anya prastaav, aur carle levin dwara saha-praayojit, mission koo manjuri dene kii maang kii, lekin tyag kaa saamana curr rhaa thaa, jisamen reports seey sanket milata haye kii kaksh key bheetar ack fracture hoe rhaa thaa.
3 juuna koo sadan ney speaker johnn aeye dwara prastut ack prastaav 268-145 paarit kiya. boenner, libia aur usake aspas key havaai aur nausainik abhiyaanon seey sanyukt raajya america kii senaa kii vaapsee kaa ahwan karate hue. isane maang kii kii prashaasan 14 dinon key bheetar, naato sanchaalan mein americi yogdan kii prakriti, laagat aur uddeshyon key baare mein vistrit jaankaari pradaan karey, saath hii saath yeh bhee bataae kii rashtrapati mission mein bhaag lene kii anumati key liye congress mein kyon naheen aae.
13 juuna koo, sadan ney ack aur prastaav paarit kiya jisamen 110 loktantravadiyon aur 138 ganarajyiyon key paksh mein matdan key saath sangharsh mein sanchaalan key liye dhana key upayog parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa. 14 juuna koo, walter johns (aar-aine. see.) aur dennis kusinich (dee-oh) ney obama prashaasan key khilaf ack mukadame kii ghoshana kii, jisamen 6 republican aur 2 democrate shamil hue.
24 juuna koo, sadan ney sanyukt prastaav 68 koo aswikar curr diyaa, joe obama prashaasan koo ack saal taka libia mein sainya abhiyaan jaari rakhane kaa adhikaar pradaan kartaa. adhikansh gantantravadiyon ney prastaav key khilaf matdan kiya, jabaki loktantravadiyon ney sainya bhagidari key paksh mein 115 aur virodh mein 70 key saath vibhajit kiya gayaa. congress seey kanuni anumodan praapt karane mein viphalata key bavjood, obama prashaasan ney octuber mein gaddafi key ukhaad fenkane taka naato abhiyaan key liye adhikansh sainya samarthan pradaan karna jaari rakhaa. operation unified protector kii aadhikarik samaapti seey pahale, naato key sthaayi pratinidhi ney kahaa kii "sanyukt raajya america ney iss operation kaa netritva kiya... isane operation kii yojana banaane mein netritva kiya, isane operation key liye janadesh praapt karane mein netritva kiya, aur isane operation key nishpaadan mein netritva kiya... sanyukt raajya america ney iss abhiyaan mein kissy bhee anya desh kii tulanaa mein adhik udaanen bharee, joe chhattis pratishat thee."
saarvajanik virodh.
newyork shahar, shikago, boston, washington, dee mein yuddh virodhi pradarshan aayojit kiye gaye they.see., loss angils, minnepolis, saine francisco, ayova shahar, ayova, sent paul, minnesota aur philadelphia libia mein sainya hastakshep key virodh mein.
samarthan karein.
vyaktiyon kii pratikriya.
patrakaar.
anglo-americi lekhak aur patrakaar christopher hitchens key anusaar, "gaddafi dwara kiye jaa sakane vaale nuksan kii matra koo seemit karane aur una logon kii sankhya koo teji seey cumm karane key liye" aur gaddafi shasson koo hinsa kaa niryaat karane seey rokane key liye noo-fly zone dohri aavashyakta haye. vishesh roop seey, hitchens ney libia key grihyuddh key dauran libia key logon key prati gaddafi key aacharan kii hatyaa, krurta aur vishalkay key roop mein aalochana kii. aur libia key grihyuddh key liye obama prashaasan kii pratikriya dayaniya aur nirashajanak thee.
media hastiyaan.
roodhivaadi raajneetik tippanikar bill oh 'railey key anusaar, sanyukt raajya america libia key oopar noo-fly zone mein bhaag lene mein sahee thaa kyonki "isamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii gaddafi apane vipaksh koo maarne key kagaar parr thaa."udaarvaadi panditon senk uigur aur aid schultz ney bhee mission key liye apane samarthan kii ghoshana kii.
chunaav.
sangharsh kii shuruat mein, kaee sarvekshanon seey pataa chalata haye kii uttardaataon kii ack bahulata ney libia mein 2011 key sainya hastakshep kaa samarthan kiya.
march mein, washington key aeye. bee. see. key baad key ack sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii 56 pratishat amerikiyon ney libia noo-fly zone koo lagu karane mein americi sainya vimaanon kii bhagidari kaa samarthan kiya. see. aine. aine. key ack sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii amerikiyon key ack badey pratishat (70 pratishat) ney noo-fly zone lagu karane kaa samarthan kiya, halanki kewal 28 pratishat uttardaataon ney kahaa kii way yuu.aiss. jamini sanic. isi tarah, ack sarvekshan seey pataa chalaa kii 47 pratishat amerikiyon ney yuu kaa samarthan kiya.aiss. libia mein sainya kaarravaai. isake alawa, ack ibop jogbi interactive poul seey pataa chalaa kii 57 pratishat amerikiyon ney yuu kaa samarthan kiya.aiss. libia mein noo-fly zone kaa netritva kiya. pyu anusandhaan kendra dwara ack adyatan sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii yuu kii bahulata.aiss. janata (47 pratishat) ney libia mein havaai hamalon kaa samarthan kiya, halanki sabhi uttardaataon mein seey aadhe ney kahaa kii sanyukt raajya america aur usake sahyogiyon kii bhagidari mein koee spasht lakshya naheen thaa.
march mein reuters/ipsos key ack sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii 90 pratishat amerikiyon ney jamini sainikon koo bhejane kaa virodh kiya. aprail mein ack pyu sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii amerikiyon ney libia key vidrohiyon koo 66 pratishat seey 25 pratishat taka hathiyar dene kaa virodh kiya.
maee key anta taka, ack see. aine. aine./raay anusandhaan sarvekshan ney rashtrapati obama key sangharsh seey nipatane key liye 48 pratishat asweekriti dikhaai, joe march mein kiye gaye ack sarvekshan kii tulanaa mein saat-bindu kii vriddhi haye. isi sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii sarvekshan mein shamil 55 pratishat logon kaa maanana haye kii congress key paas mission koo jaari rakhane kaa antim adhikaar haye, jabaki obama key paas kewal 42 pratishat haye.
juuna mein ack cbs sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii desh key 59 pratishat logon kaa maanana haye kii unhein sangharsh mein shamil naheen honah chaahiye, jabaki rasmussen kii report key anusaar kewal 26 pratishat logon ney yuu. aiss. koo maanaa.aiss. sainya abhiyaan jaari rakhna chaahiye.
yuddh shaktiyon key samadhan key liye prasangikta.
kuchh logon ney yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav aur sanyukt raajya america key samvidhaan key sambandh mein sainya kaarravaai kii vaidhata parr sawal uthaaya haye, udaaharan key liye, yeh kahate hue kii "[rashtrapati obama] ney una samvaidhaanik siddhanton koo tyag diyaa jinhen unhone 2007 mein rashtrapati pada key ummidwar key roop mein saavdhaanipoorvak vyakt kiya thaa... [tii] unhone congress key adhikaar kii maang kiye binaa ektarafa roop seey kaary karane key nirnay ney antatah prashaasan koo kanuni vyakhyaon koo apanaane key liye majboor curr diyaa joe naa kewal tanaavpurna theen, balki kaee mamalon mein avishvasaniya theen. ... yuu key tahat kewal ack hii anumat janadesh haye.aiss. sanyukt raajya america parr hamla yaa dhamki naheen dene vaale kissy anya rashtra key khilaf sainya bull key upayog key liye samvidhaan. vaha janadesh congress seey aanaa chaahiye."halanki, satah parr yeh prateet hoe sakata haye kii rashtrapati poori tarah seey ektarafa roop seey kaary curr rahey they, congress koo rashtrapati kii juuna kii report mein 1 march seey libia parr cumm seey cumm nyuntam paramarsh koo rekhaankit kiya gayaa haye jisamen kaee sunavaai, sadasya aur karmchari briefing, phone coll aur email shamil hain.
kaarravaai kaa bachaav karate hue obama prashaasan ney jore dekar kahaa kii baraak obama key paas "yuu kaa sanchaalan karane kaa samvaidhaanik adhikaar thaa.aiss. videshi sambandh aur commander inn cheef aur mukhya karyakari key roop mein aur usa kaanoon key tahat libian operation dee [ids] koo aage congress key pradhikaran kii aavashyakta haye, kyonki yuu.aiss. sainya abhiyaan prastaav key 60 dinon key samaapti praavdhaan dwara vichaar kiye gaye 'shatruta' key prakaar seey alag hain."
raajya sachiv hileri clinton ney march 2011 mein congress koo gawahi dee kii prashaasan koo libia mein apane sainya hastakshep key liye yaa isake baare mein aage key nirnayon key liye congress key pradhikaran kii aavashyakta naheen thee, donon pakshon key sadasyon kii congress kii apattiyon key bavjood kii prashaasan yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav kaa ullanghan curr rhaa thaa. usa vargeekrit briefing key dauran, unhone kathit taur parr sanket diyaa kii prashaasan anadhikrit sainya kaarrvaaiyon parr 60 dinon kii seema key sambandh mein prastaav key praavdhaan koo darkinar curr dega. maheenon baad, unhone kahaa kii libia mein sainya abhiyaan key sambandh mein, sanyukt raajya america abhee bhee udaanon kaa ack chauthai udaan bhar rhaa thaa, aur "newyork times" ney bataaya kii, jabaki kaee rashtrapatiyon ney yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav key anya vargon koo darkinar curr diyaa thaa, anadhikrit sainya karyon parr 60-divasiya vaidhaanik seema koo paar karane key liye bahut cumm udaaharan thaa-ack seema jise nyaay vibhaag ney 1980 mein samvaidhaanik kahaa thaa. videsh vibhaag ney juuna 2011 mein saarvajanik roop seey yeh sthiti lii kii raksha vibhaag aur kanuni salaahkaar key nyaay vibhaag key karyalaya dwara kanuni vyakhyaon key vipareet, yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav key arth key bheetar libia mein koee "shatruta" naheen thee.
yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav key anusaar, "sanyukt raajya sashastr balon koo shatruta mein shamil karane key liye, yaa una sthitiyon mein jahaan shatruta mein aasann bhagidari paristhitiyon dwara spasht roop seey ingit kii jaati haye, commander-inn-cheef key roop mein rashtrapati kii samvaidhaanik shaktiyon kaa prayog kewal (1) yuddh kii ghoshana, (2) vishisht vaidhaanik pradhikaran, yaa (3) sanyukt raajya america, usake kshetron yaa sampattiyon, yaa usake sashastr balon parr hamale seey utpann rashtriya apatkal key anusaar kiya jaataa haye."yeh aage nirdisht kartaa haye kii rashtrapati koo" harr sambhav mamle mein "" karna chaahiye. .. sanyukt raajya sashastr balon koo "uparokt sthitiyon mein", kissy videshi rashtra key kshetra, havaai kshetra yaa jall mein, yuddh key liye susajjit honey key baad, sanyukt raajya sashastr balon koo shamil karane seey pahale [aur niyamit roop seey baad mein] congress key saath paramarsh karein, sivaay una tainaati key joe kewal aapoorti, pratisthaapan, marammat yaa prashikshan seey sambandhit hain. parichay key adtalis ghanton key bheetar rashtrapati koo "(aeye) sanyukt raajya sashastr balon kii shuruat kii aavashyakta vaali paristhitiyaan; (bee) samvaidhaanik aur vidhaayi pradhikaran jisake tahat aisaa parichay huaa; aur (see) shatruta yaa bhagidari kaa anumaanit daira aur avadhi kaa varnan karna chaahiye."iss report koo prastut karane key saath dinn baad rashtrapati koo yuddh kii ghoshana yaa vaidhaanik pradhikaran yaa adhikatam tees dinon key liye avadhi key vistaar koo chhodkar, report dwara nipataae gaye operation koo samaapt karna hoga, jisase adhikatam nabbe dinn hoe jaayenge. iss prakaar, rashtrapati kewal yuddh kii ghoshana, vishisht pradhikaran, yaa sanyukt raajya america kii raksha key jawab mein sashastr balon koo pesh karane mein saksham haye; parichay seey pahale aur baad mein congress key saath paramarsh karna chaahiye aur ise uchit thaharaana chaahiye; aur yadi kissy poorv shart koo puuraa naheen kiya jaataa haye tou parichay key baad adhikatam nabbe dinon mein balon koo vaapas leey lena chaahiye.
21 march koo, 17 march 1973 taka sainya lakshyon key khilaf havaai hamalon key baad aur 19 march koo sainya lakshyon key khilaf havaai hamalon kii shuruat key baad, rashtrapati obama ney libia abhiyaan kii aavashyakta, adhikaar aur dayare aur avadhi koo rekhaankit karate hue ack report pradaan kii, taaki "congress koo poori tarah seey soochit rakhaa jaa sakey, yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav key anuroop. isaki aavashyakta vaali paristhitiyaan "ack [aasann] maanviya aapada aur... libia mein sankat seey antarrashtriya shaanti aur suraksha key liye khatra paida huaa. ... binaa sambodhit kiye, libia mein badhati asthirta madhya poorv mein vyaapak asthirta koo prajwalit curr sakati haye, jisake sanyukt raajya america key rashtriya suraksha hiton key liye khatarnak parinam hoe sakate hain."gatividhiyon koo aaee. aiss. see. aar. 1973 aur yuu. key sanchaalan key liye samvaidhaanik pradhikaran key anusaar adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. videshi sambandh aur commander inn cheef aur mukhya karyakari key roop mein."patra mein kahaa gayaa haye kii havaai hamale" prakriti, avadhi aur dayare mein seemit honge."yeh unhein" "asatat aur advitiya yuu koo niyojit karane parr kendrit" "key roop mein chihnit kartaa haye.aiss. hamaare europeeya sahyogiyon aur arab bhagidaron key liye yuu. aiss. dwara adhikrit upaayon koo puuraa karane key liye shartein nirdhaarit karane key liye sainya kshamataaen.aine. suraksha parishad kaa prastaav."
4 aprail taka naato ney libia mein sabhi antarrashtriya sanchalanon kaa nireekshan kiya. "raksha vibhaag oh. yuu. pee. [operation unified protector] key samarthan mein naato koo bull pradaan curr rhaa haye. yuu.aiss. sashastr bull abb naato aur gathbandhan bhagidar yogdan koo badhaane aur samarthan karane key liye anoothi kshamataaen pradaan karate hain. inn kshamataon mein nimnalikhit shamil hainh electronic yuddh sahaayata; havaai eendhan bharane; ranneetik uthaane kii kshamata; karmiyon kii vasuli aur khoj aur bachaav, khufiya, nigrani aur tohi sahaayata; aur ack satark hamla package."
congress koo prastut juuna kii report key anusaarah
mahatvapurna yuu diyaa gayaa haye.aiss. aapke dwara diye gaye byaaj.aiss. libia mein sainya abhiyaan aur pratyaashit karyon kii seemit prakriti, daira aur avadhi key kaaran, rashtrapati key paas commander inn cheef aur mukhya karyakari key roop mein aur apani videsh mamalon kii shaktiyon key anusaar, videshon mein iss tarah key seemit sainya abhiyaanon koo nirdeshit karane kaa samvaidhaanik adhikaar thaa. rashtrapati kaa vichaar haye kii vartamaan yuu.aiss. libia mein sainya abhiyaan yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav key anuroop hain aur usa kaanoon key tahat aage congress key pradhikaran kii aavashyakta naheen haye, kyonki yuu.aiss. sainya abhiyaan prastaav key 60 dinon key samaapti praavdhaan dwara vichaar kiye gaye "shatruta" key prakaar seey alag hain. yuu.aiss. bull ack bahurashtriya gathbandhan mein ack seemit aur sahayak bhoomika nibha rahey hain, jiska sanchaalan sanyukt rashtra suraksha parishad key prastaav kii sharton dwara vaidh aur seemit donon haye joe kewal nagrikon aur nagrik aabaadi vaale kshetron kii suraksha key liye bull key upayog koo adhikrit kartaa haye. yuu.aiss. abhiyaanon mein shatrutapurna balon key saath nirantar ladaai yaa sakriya golibari shamil naheen hoti haye, naa hii unamen yuu kii upasthiti shamil hoti haye.aiss. jamini sanic, yuu.aiss. hataahat yaa uska gambhir khatra, yaa una karakon dwara visheshta vaale sangharsh mein vriddhi kii koee mahatvapurna sambhavana.
3 juuna, aich.rez. 292 aur aich.cone.res.51 koo pratinidhi sabhaa mein matdan kiya gayaa, jisamen poorv koo apanaaya gayaa aur isake parinamswarup oopar sandarbhit congress koo report dee gaee. report mein kahaa gayaa haye kii "rashtrapati libia key sambandh mein vartamaan sanyukt raajya sainya gatividhiyon key liye sanyukt raajya america key rashtriya suraksha hiton key aadhar parr congress koo ack sammohak tark pradaan karane mein whiffle rahey hain" aur bachaav missions koo chhodkar jamini sainikon kii kissy bhee tainaati parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa haye. baad vaalaa prastaav, joe whiffle rhaa, ney kahaa kii "key anusaar... yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav key anusaar, congress rashtrapati koo iss samvarti prastaav koo apanaane kii tarikh key 15 dinn baad kii tarikh seey pahale sanyukt raajya america key sashastr balon koo libia seey hataane kaa nirdesh detee haye."13 juuna koo, koo mein ack antatah nishkaasit aur badey paimaane parr prateekaatmak sanshodhan jodaa gayaa, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii" iss adhiniyam dwara upalabdh karaai gaee kissy bhee nidhi kaa upayog yuddh shaktiyon key prastaav key ullanghan mein naheen kiya jaa sakata haye."15 juuna koo, dennis kusinich key netritva mein duss pratinidhiyon ney doubleu. pee. aar. kaa ullanghan karane key liye rashtrapati obama key khilaf mukadama daayar kiya; mukadama us jilaa nyayadhish reggy walton dwara khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. walton key anusaar, sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya ney pahale seey hii karyakari shakha key khilaf seemit mukadame daayar kiye theh "halanki rashtrapati aur raksha sachiv parr mukadama karane mein kuchh raajneetik laabh hoe sakata haye, sikudate nyaayik bajat, durlabh nyaayik sansadhanon aur bhaari caseload key aalok mein, adalat koo kaanoon key taya kiye gaye prashnon key punah mukadame kaa nirnay lene mein samay aur prayaas kharch karna nirashajanak lagata haye."

