charlotte dunken smith graham

charlotte dunken smith graham (janm 1912 mein) ack americi silai aur shram aayojak they. unhone kapada nirmaan udyog key khilaf dalla, texas aur anya jagahon parr badee hadtaalon kaa netritva kiya aur shramik sanghon kii ack sakriya sadasya theen.
vyaktigat itihas.
charlotte dunken smith graham kaa janm 1912 mein dallas mein huaa thaa. haalaanki unhone dou baar shaadi kii, lekin unaki koee santan naheen thee. unake dusare pati frank doubleu they. graham. 1993 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
kaam kii sthitiyaan.
ack maukhik itihas sakshatkar mein, graham ney kahaa kii justine-carty nirmaataon kaa vatavaran germ, gandaa thaa aur isamen koee pankhe naheen they. shramikon ney puraane kapade pahane jinhen way "kapade" kahate they kyonki unhein itna pasina aataa thaa, aur way apani seeten naheen chhodate they-kaam kaa agala bundle unake paas laaya jaataa thaa. unhone kahaa kii prabandhan ney apane shramikon koo "manushya seey cumm" maanaa, ack samay kaa varnan karate hue kii ack suee seedhe unaki ungli seey gujarati thee. unhein doctor koo dekhane key liye dedh ghante taka intezar karane yaa chikitsa kharchon key liye kshatipurti karane key liye samay naheen diyaa gayaa thaa.
charlotte dunken graham ney kaam karane kii sthitiyon parr gusse key kaaran antarrashtriya mahila paridhan shramik sangh (ilgavu) seey ack charter kaa anurodh karane mein ack darjan mahilaaon kaa netritva kiya. ack udaaharan thaa jaba graham key sahakarmi koo shauchalaya kaa upayog karane kii anumati naheen thee aur parinamswarup ack durghatana hui thee. gusse mein, graham aadhe ghante key liye shauchalaya mein chalaa gayaa, "prabandhak koo usey goli maarne kii himmat dee. shramikon koo kewal apane tees minut key dopahar key bhojan yaa pandrah minut key dopahar key break key dauran shauchalaya kaa upayog karane kii anumati thee. graham kii 30 minut kii shauchalaya hadtaal key baad, unhone ack prashikshan avadhi poori kii, jisake baad unhein prati saptah 12 dollar milane they. isake bajaay, prashikshan avadhi key anta mein, justine-mccarty shramikon koo barkhast curr dega, unhein prashikshu key roop mein phir seey niyukt karega. isase company koo prati saptah 12 dollar key vetan kaa vaadaa puuraa karane seey rokaa gayaa. isake alawa, justine-mccarty ney ack paridhan udyog sanhita key aspas kaam kiya, jisamen karmchaariyon koo shaam 5 baje baahar nikalane key liye kaary saptah koo 36 ghante taka seemit curr diyaa gayaa.aim.peechhe key pravesh dwaar seey nickle curr, phir saamane key darwaaje parr vaapas aaen aur raat 11 baje taka kaam karein.aim.
hadtaal aur sangh shuru hoe jaate hain.
farwari 1935 mein, graham union, jisamen dallon mein lagbhag 40 pratishat kapada mazdoor shamil they, ney kshetra mein terah paridhan dukaanon key khilaf hadtaal key paksh mein matdan kiya. terah mahilaaon ney baahar nikalkar aur dharna dekar hadtaal shuru kii. graham ney kahaa kii hadtaal key baad mahilaaen darr gaee theen aur dukaan prabandhan ney shramikon koo kaali soochi mein daalane kii dhamki dene aur yeh daavaa karane jaisi dhamki kii ranneeti kaa istemal kiya kii way apane beemar bachchon key liye dawa naheen khareed paayengi. isake alawa, unhone kahaa kii kaee shramikon ney apane parivaar kii or seey hadtaal naheen karane kaa dabaav mahsoos kiya taaki way apani aaya naa khou sakein. paridhan kii dukaanon key aspas pulis kii upasthiti badh gaee, aur texas dress manufacturers association, joe sabhi 13 dukaanon kaa malik thaa, ney pradarshankariyon key khilaf nishedhagya praapt karane key liye shahar key anty-picketing adhyadeshon kaa safaltapurvak upayog kiya. dharnakariyon ney "kharonch" parr taanaa maaraa, hadtaal karane vaale kaam parr dukaanon mein pravesh curr rahey they, aur khuron ney "hairset lotion, pinn key dibbe, yaa hadtaal karane vaalon parr kachra fenkkar" jawabi kaarravaai kii."aggar pradarshankariyon ney jawab diyaa, tou graham ney kahaa kii unhein dharna dene yaa shaanti bhang karane key liye giraftar kiya gayaa thaa.
anta mein, sangh baatchit kii shart key roop mein virodh koo rokane key liye sahmat hoe gayaa. jaba prabandhan ney unase milane seey incar curr diyaa, tou dharna dene vaalon ney kendrikrit kiya, arajakta fail gaee, aur "hadtaal" taba shuru hui jaba ack kharonch kissy tarah binaa kapadon key reh gaee. graham ney kahaa kii dallon kii janata mahilaaon key dharna pradarshan parr naraz thee aur samudaay samarthan naheen curr rhaa thaa. haalaanki union hadtaal navambar mein samaapt hoe gaee, lekin itali aur australia sahit kaee pramukh samachar patron mein inn ghatnaaon kii soochana dee gaee.
hadataalen samaapt hoe jaati hain, sangh jaari rahate hain.
texas key audyogik aayog ney dallas dressmakers koo aupchaarik roop seey ilgavu koo maanyata dene aur unake saath samjhauta karane kii salah dee. apani gatividhiyon key liye dallas mein kaali soochi mein shamil honey key baad, graham loss angils chully gaeen aur vahaan ack badee union hadtaal kaa hissa theen. vaha 1941 mein dallas laut aaee, aur yuddh key dauran kushal shramikon kii maang key kaaran, usake puraane prabandhak, justine-carty nirmaataon dwara niyukt kii gaee. graham ney iss dauran ilgavu key saath apana kaam jaari rakhaa.
1952 mein vaha apane pati key saath washington dee chully gaeen.see. unhein vidyut shramikon key antarrashtriya bhaichare key saath ack pada diyaa gayaa thaa. jaba way 1973 mein sevaanivritt hue, tou dampati texas vaapas chaley gaye aur rangeen logon kii unnati key liye rashtriya sangh aur samudayik chhaati jaise sthaaniya sangathanon mein apana kaam jaari rakhaa.

