
martina plantin

 martina plantin (1550-1616) paanch saal kii umr seey apane pitaa key mudran vyavasaay mein shamil theen, aur 17 saal kii umr seey parivarik feeta kii dukaan chalaati theen. unake pitaa aur pati kii mrityu key baad, vaha 1610 seey 1614 taka plantin-mortus mudran vyavasaay kii pramukh theen, jisamen unake bete balthasar aur zaan dwara dainik sanchaalan kaa prabandhan kiya jaataa thaa. unhein "dhanee poonjipati varg kii ack durjeya vyavasaayi mahila" aur plantin-mortus printing rajvansh kii pramukh maanaa jaataa thaa, aur unhone zaan mortus seey shaadi kii aur prakaashak christophe plantin kii betty theen.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
plantin prakaashak christophe plantin aur jeane revear kii doosari betty thee. 1550 mein paida hui, usake janm key baad usake maataa-pitaa 1548 yaa 1549 mein france seey entwerp chaley gaye. padapon kii paanch betiyaan theenh margareta, martina, catherina, magdelena aur henrica. dou bete they joe bachpan seey jeevit naheen rahey.
unhone cumm umr mein padhana aur likhana seekha, sambhavatah french aur dutch donon, aur unhein lattin, greek aur hibru bhaashaon kii mool baatein sikhai gaee hongi. unake pitaa ney apani betiyon key liye sabak kii yojana banaai taaki way gharon aur vyavsaayon key prabandhan mein kushal houn. unhone pratyek betty key liye usaki taakat aur kshamataon key aadhar parr prashikshan taiyar kiya. udaaharan key liye, unaki ack betty koo utkeernak banane key liye prashikshu banaaya gayaa thaa, jaba taka kii vaha apani drishti khona shuru naheen curr detee. christoper plantin kii betiyon seey parivaar key vyavsaayon mein kaam karane kii ummeed kii jaati thee. paanch saal kii umr taka, printon ney print kii dukaan mein mudrit granthon koo sahee curr diyaa. unhone 1567 mein shuru kiya jaba way satrah saal kii theen, taba unhone parivaar kaa feeta vyavasaay chalaaya. shaadi key baad unhone vahaan kaam karna jaari rakhaa aur 1573 mein feeta kii dukaan mein kaam karna bund curr diyaa.
paadap kii betiyaan advitiya naheen prateet hoti hain. neetherland kii 16veen shatabdi kii mahilaaon key baare mein, lodovico gikiardini ney apani pustak "descritione dee tutee aaee paise baasi" mein kahaah
vivaah aur mudran vritti.
1570 mein, unhone zaan mortus (1542-1610) seey shaadi kii, jinhone 14 saal kii umr mein 1557 mein apane pitaa key liye kaam kiya. plantin key pitaa aur pati audyogik paimaane parr mudran vyavasaay chalaate they, joe usa samay krantikari thaa. vyavasaay 1574 aur 1576 key beach apane charam parr pahunch gayaa. 80 karmchaariyon aur 22 mudran press key saath, yeh duniya kaa sabse badaa mudran vyavasaay thaa, haalaanki christophe plantin kii mrityu key samay taka isaki safalata 16 karmchaariyon aur chaar press taka kaafee cumm hoe gaee. vahaan dou mudran kii dukaanen theen, ack entwerp mein aur doosari leiden mein. moratus, joe nideshak they aur jinhone mudran vyavasaay kii safalata mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, unhein christopher plantin kii mrityu key baad vyavasaay, "officina plantiniana" entwerp sthaan viraasat mein milaa.
samay key saath vyavasaay mein vriddhi hui aur 1610 mein mortus kii mrityu key samay taka saat mudran press they, jisake baad 1610 seey 1614 taka, jaba unhone sabhi vyaavsaayik gatividhiyon koo bund curr diyaa, taba plantin mudran vyavasaay kii nammatra pramukh aur malik theen. vaha "biblia saikaraah kwid inn hack edition, aeye theologis leuensibus prestitum sitt, paulo post indiktur" (1584/1590) aur catachims romanavs, exdicato concil tridentini, aur pee. aaee. aaee. vee. key lekhakon mein seey ack hain. pontifis maximi aisu prime editus (1611).
plantin aur mortus kii paanch betiyaan aur chhah bete they. moratus key saath apane vivaah key madhyam seey, plantin koo teen shataabdiyon seey adhik samay taka chalane vaale mudran rajvansh kaa pramukh maanaa jaataa thaa. unake beton, balthasar aur zaan koo mudran vyavasaay aur kitaabon kii dukaan viraasat mein millie.
mrityu aur smaarak.
moratus kii mrityu 1610 mein hui aur chhah saal baad plantin kii mrityu hoe gaee. una donon koo entwerp mein hamari mahila key cathedral mein dafnaya gayaa thaa. peater paul rubens, joe parivaar dwara niyukt kiye gaye they, ney johnn dha baptist aur sant martina, mritak key sanrakshak sant aur unaki patni key saath "masih key punrutthan" key ack tripat koo chitra mein chitrit kiya. unaki mrityu key samay, unake gyaarah bachchon mein seey kewal paanch bachche they joe apane maataa-pitaa seey butch gaye they.

