
vidyalaya adharit mulyankan

hangkang pariksha aur mulyankan pradhikaran (aich. key. ee. aeye. aeye.) maanak-sandarbhit seey maanak-sandarbhit mulyankan kii or badh gayaa haye, jisamen sabhi roop 4-5 chhatron (davison, 2007) key liye ack uchch-daanv pariksha, shiksha pariksha key hangkang pramanpatra (aich. key. see. ee.) mein anivarya angreji bhasha vishay mein ack paryaapt school-adharit saransh maukhik mulyankan ghatak (aiss. bee. aeye.) koo shamil karna shamil haye.
prishthabhoomi.
sitambar 2000 mein prakaashit hangkang mein shiksha pranali key liye sudhaar prastaavon mein pahali baar school-adharit mulyankan (aiss. bee. aeye.) kaa prastaav rakhaa gayaa thaa. prastaav key anusaar, saarvajanik pareekshaon key tarikon, vishay-vastu aur mulyankan vidhiyon kii sameeksha kii jaani chaahiye (pee. 44). mandand-sandarbh key samaan ack "mool-kshamata" drishtikon apanaaya jaayega. iss drishtikon mein, form 5 snaatak dwara aavashyak buniyaadi kaushal aur gyaan kaa sanket diyaa jaayega aur chhatron koo dusaron key saath tulanaa karane kii aavashyakta naheen haye. shiksha sudhaaron key tahat jisamen seekhane aur shikshan kii ack naee sanskriti koo vikasit kiya jaanaa haye, school vyaapak-adharit mulyankan key vibhinn tarikon kaa upayog curr sakate hain, jisamen kaksha mein chhatron key pradarshan kaa avalokan aur adhik lacheele tareeke seey seekhane koo badhaava dene key liye pariyojana kaary mein bhagidari shamil haye. ack anya laabh chhatron key sarvangin vikas kii vakaalat karna haye joe vyaktigat chhatron kii seekhane kii jarooraton kii adhik vyaapak tasveer detaa haye, saath hii saarvajanik pareekshaon key sakaratmak prabhaavon koo badhaava detaa haye. yeh ack hii pariksha mein chhatron key pradarshan parr nirnay lene kii seemaon koo door karane mein bhee madad kartaa haye.
tark.
aiss. bee. aeye. koo lagu karane key liye aiss. bee. aeye. paramarsh dall (2005) dwara nirdhaarit tark iss prakaar hainh
samagri.
aiss. bee. aeye. ghatak, joe kull aich. key. see. ee. angreji ank kaa 15 pratishat haye, mein paathon key aadhar parr angreji maukhik bhasha kaushal key chaar mulyankan shamil hain-pratyek shreni seey ekah print fiction, print gair-fiction, gair-print fiction, gair-print gair-fiction-swatantra vyaapak padhane aur dekhane key karyakram seey taiyar kiya gayaa (aiss. bee. aeye. paramarsh dall, 2005). jiss samay aiss. bee. aeye. kii shuruat kii gaee thee, chhatron koo 2 varshon key dauran padhane yaa dekhane key liye cumm seey cumm chaar granthon kaa chayan karna aavashyak thaa; ack logbook mein sankshipt notes rakhna; aur apane swatantra padhane, bolane aur samanya kaushal koo vikasit karane key liye kaksha key ander aur baahar kaee gatividhiyaan karna. atyadhik karyabhar parr shikshakon kii chintaon key kaaran, aavashyaktaon koo "2 varshon key dauran cumm seey cumm teen paathon" mein sanshodhit kiya gayaa haye (davison, 2007).
sitambar 2005 mein aiss. bee. aeye. kii shuruat mein mool roop seey nirdisht mulyankan praarup aur aavashyaktaon koo talika 1 mein sankshep mein prastut kiya gayaa haye.
 srotah (aiss. bee. aeye. salaahkaar dall, 2005, pri. 5).
mulyankan mandand.
mulyankan key liye chhatron koo apane dwara padhe yaa dekhe gaye paath key ack vishesh pahalu parr sahpaathiyon key saath baatchit mein bhaag lene kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jisase ack adhik aupchaarik samooh baatchit yaa ack vishisht paath parr ack vyaktigat prastuti hoe aur apane darshakon key prashnon kaa uttar diyaa jaa sakey (aich. key. ee. aeye. aeye., 2008). chhatron kaa mulyankan mulyankan maandandon key ack samooh key anusaar kiya jaataa haye, jisamen chaar kshetron (aich. key. ee. aeye. aeye., 2007) mein chhah staron mein seey pratyek parr vivarankartaon kaa ack samooh hotaa haye. domen kaa sankshipt varnan iss prakaar kiya gayaa haih
bhavishya kaa vikas.
aich. key. see. ee. angreji bhasha key liye vartamaan aiss. bee. aeye. kaa vistaar 2012 (aich. key. ee. aeye. aeye., 2007) key baad seey maadhyamik shiksha (aich. key. dee. aiss. ee.) angreji bhasha pariksha key hangkang diploma taka kiya jaayega. aiss. bee. aeye. ghatak kaa vistaar aich. key. dee. aiss. ee. (aich. key. ee. aeye. aeye., 2009) mein anya manaviki aur vigyaan vishayon mein bhee kiya jaayega.
vivaad.
brindley (1998) key dhaanche kaa upayog karate hue, aiss. bee. aeye. ghatak raajneetik muddon key sandarbh mein vivadaspad haye, joe mulyankan key uddeshyon aur ichchit upayog seey sambandhit haye; takniki mudde, mukhya roop seey vaidhata aur vishvasaniyata seey sambandhit hain; aur vyaavhaarik mudde, una sadhanon seey sambandhit hain jinake dwara mulyankan koo vyavhaar mein laaya gayaa thaa. inn muddon koo shikshakon, chhatron aur shiksha beuro key adhikaariyon sahit pramukh hitdhaarak samoohon seey ekatra kiya gayaa thaa.
raajneetik roop seey, davison (2007) key shabdon mein, "vaastav mein, aiss. bee. aeye. dishaanirdeshon ney shikshakon seey chhatron kii jarooraton key anusaar apani samay seema nirdhaarit karane key liye kahaa, lekin isaki vyakhya shikshakon key maujooda anubhav key chashme key madhyam seey kii gaee-kaee schools ney pratyek chhaatr koo ack samaan avadhi aavantit karane key liye bajar aur stopwatch kaa upayog kiya, jisake parinamswarup kuchh schools mein chhatron kaa tanaav kaa star adhik thaa aur unakaa" pradarshan "bahut mangadhant aur/yaa jaldbaji mein thaa. parinam-unmukh maanak-sandarbhit pranali key roop mein, aiss. bee. aeye. naa kewal shikshakon key liye balki chhatron aur maataa-pitaa sahit poore school samudaay key liye ack mahatvapurna saanskritik aur drishtikon parivartan haye. isaliye, yeh ashcharya kii baat naheen haye kii nishpakshata kewal raajneetik chinta naheen thee, balki ack gahari samajik-saanskritik chinta thee."
takniki roop seey, kaee shikshak aur chhaatr aiss. bee. aeye. ghatak kii vaidhata, vishvasaniyata aur nishpakshata parr chintit hain. jabaki shikshak-shikshakon aur shodhkartaon kaa maanana haye kii aiss. bee. aeye. saiddhaantik roop seey aich. key. see. ee. kii vaidhata aur vishvasaniyata koo badhaayega, kuchh agrim pankti key shikshak aur chhaatr iss parr sandeh karate hain.
jahan taka vyaavhaarik muddon kaa sambandh haye, shikshakon ney iss tarah kii chintaaen uthaaih