
ignaz credal

ignaz credal (11 disambar, 1869, gretzen, austriya-hangri mein-21 maee, 1947, newyork shahar, newyork, us mein) ack rasaayanagya aur udyogpati they joe vienna, austriya mein rahate they.
unhone durlabh mitty key utpaadan aur upayog aur kaanch, tamchini aur synthetic regin key utpaadan seey sambandhit kaee patent kiye.
rasayanik company veringte kemisken fabricane (vee. see. aff.) kii sthaapana key alawa, vaha ack pramukh kaanch nirmaata mein ack pramukh sharedharak bunn gaye.
1930 key dashak mein credal rashtriya samajvadiyon kaa lakshya bunn gayaa. enschellus key dauran unaki patni eeva kii mrityu hoe gaee aur unaki sampatti jabt curr lii gaee. credal aur unake teen bete austriya chhodane aur sanyukt raajya america mein pravaas karane mein saksham they. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta key baad way unaki kuchh vyaavsaayik sampattiyon koo phir seey hassil karane mein saksham they.
praarambhik jeevan.
ignaz credal kaa janm 11 disambar 1869 koo austriya-hangri (abb noway hroady (české budéjovice jilaa), dakshin bohemian kshetra, check ganarajya) mein huaa thaa.
shiksha.
credal vienna vishvavidyalaya mein ack chhaatr bunn gayaa, aur adolph liben key sahayak key roop mein kaam kiya. unhone 1892 mein apani degree praapt kii.
1891 mein, jaba vaha abhee bhee ack chhaatr thaa, credal ney gais mental key liye ack nae design kaa utpaadan karane key liye carle oyer wonn wellsback key saath kaam karna shuru kiya, jiska upayog street light key liye kiya jaataa thaa. unhone ack company kaa gathan kiya joe kaanch banaane mein durlabh mitty key upayog mein visheshagyata rakhti thee. cerium, neodiamium aur proceodiumium jaisi durlabh prithvi kaa upayog kaanch koo chamakaane key liye, vishisht rangon aur drishya prabhaavon key nirmaan key liye aur optical gunon key liye kiya jaataa haye joe way kaanch koo pradaan curr sakate hain.
credal shodh rasaayanagya key pada seey shodh prabandhak aur wellsback company mein utpaadan key saha-prabandhak key roop mein ubhare. 1906 taka, credal iss sthiti mein nakhush they aur unhone nae avsaron kii talash kii.
vienna mein jeevan.
vyavasaay mein ack parivaar.
credal aur heller parivaar nikatata seey judey hue they. ignaz kii bahan mathilde (1868-1926) kaa vivaah udyogpati gustaav heller (1857-1937) seey huaa thaa. 1908 mein, ignaz credal aur gustaav heller ney credal aur heller company kaa gathan kiya.
1 octuber, 1910 koo, "dow. credal unda heller (sharedharakah gustaav heller aur ignaz credal) kaa rasayanik utpaadon key ack anya utpaadak, landau aind koo (sharedharakah horres landau aur carle rosenzweig) key saath vilay curr "veringte kemisken fabricane, credal, heller aind koo" banaaya gayaa."(vee. see. aff.). 1912 taka, company kaa pataa aiks. aiks. aaee. sebastian-kohlgas 5-9, vienna, austriya thaa, joe usa samay austro-hangerian samrajya kaa hissa thaa.
vee. see. aff. durlabh prithvi key utpaadan mein shamil thaa, jiska upayog kaanch, tamchini aur synthetic regin banaane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. credal ney ack majboot shodh karyakram kaa netritva kiya jisake parinamswarup regin, kaanch aur tamchini key utpaadan seey sambandhit kaee patents kaa panjikaran huaa. inmein safed tamchini key liye opquing agents key nirmaan jaisi prakriyaaen shamil theen, jinka upayog dunt chikitsa mein kiya jaa sakata thaa.
company anya kshetron mein bhee sakriya thee. isane baagon, daakh kii bariyon aur bageechon mein keeton kaa mukabala karane key liye sulfur adharit kharpatwar spray jaise krishi utpaad banaae. yeh achaar aur dibbabandi key liye lavan kaa utpaadan kartaa thaa.
isane "condicin" brand naam key tahat sacrine kaa bhee utpaadan kiya.
credal key kaee patents mein madhumeh rogiyon dwara sacrine key upayog seey sambandhit sankhyaaen hain.
company ney sacrine vyanjanon kii ack paak-pustak bhee prakaashit kii, "main suz 'kochbuch. dye vervendung wonn sustoff, tablet-, aind chrystalsstoph aind candiset farr spissen aind getreke jadder art "(merrie" meethi "paak kalaa kii pustak. kissy bhee prakaar key bhojan aur peya key liye mithaas, goli, aur chrystal mithaas aur candy kaa upayog).
ignaz credal ack atyadhik sammaanit vaigyaanik aur udyogpati they. unhone kaanch, regin, plastic, photochemical processing, tamchini key bartan aur cheeni mitty key bartan key tamchini key kshetron mein kaee deshon mein dou sou seey adhik patent kiye.
unhone radium anusandhaan sansthaan, vienna mein chhatravritti kaa vitt poshan kiya, joe elizabeth rona jaise chhatron kaa samarthan kartaa thaa.
vaigyaanikon kaa ack parivaar.
ignaz credal key pahali patni hilda (dee. 1921): norbert jey. credal (1904-1994), werner aich. credal (1906-1989), aur ekkehard ell. kreidl (1910-1977).
werner ney rasayan vigyaan kaa adhyayan kiya; norbert ney rasayan vigyaan mein ack mamuli key saath bhautiki mein mahaarat hassil kii; aur ekkehard ack bhautik vigyaani bunn gaye. werner ney veranigton kemisken fabric, credal, heller aind company mein ignaz key saath kaam kiya., vienna mein, aur unhein unakaa uttaradhikari banane key liye prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa.
norbert jey. credal ney rasayan vigyaan key chhaatr key roop mein vienna vishvavidyalaya mein pravesh kiya, lekin jald hii radium anusandhaan sansthaan, vienna mein bhautik vigyaani otto pieterson mein shamil hoe gaye.
norbert credal ney 1925 aur 1927 mein degree praapt karate hue rasayan vigyaan mein ack mamuli key saath bhautiki mein apani doctorate poori kii. phir unhone berlin mein casser wilheim sansthaan mein woldemer wheel key saath ack post-doctoral varsh bitaaya.
ignaz credal ney europe mein sabse pratishthit chekoslovakian kaanch nirmaataon mein seey ack mein ack pramukh ruchi hassil kii thee. shreeber aur nephen.
shrabber key karkhane retendorff, moravia aur lednike roven, slovakia mein they. iska kendriya karyalaya 1919 taka vienna mein thaa. pratham vishva yuddh samaapt honey key baad, aur austro-hangerian samrajya key bhang honey key baad, mukhya karyalaya koo chekoslovakia kii sarkaar koo santusht karane key liye retendorff mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. company ney 1,100 seey adhik kushal shramikon koo niyukt kiya, jinamen seey kaee paaramparik kaanch banaane vaale parivaaron seey they.
norbert credal koo shrabber glassworks kaa prabandhan karane key liye bheja gayaa thaa aur unhone chekslovakia key hredak kralov mein ack shodh prayogshala, glass anusandhaan sansthaan shuru kiya thaa. vahaan way glassworks key sansthaapak parivaar kii poti melani shreiber seey mille aur unase shaadi kii.
austriya aur rashtriya samaajvaad.
yuddhon key beach.
antar-yuddh kii avadhi kaafee aarthik asthirta kaa samay thaa. austriya mein pramukh baink, creditanstalt-weiner bankwarin (see. aeye.), pratham vishva yuddh, austriya-hangerian samrajya key tootane, mahamandi key dauran ack vishvavyaapi vittiya sankat aur 1931 aur 1933 mein sarkaar seey sambandhit punargathan key dou daur seey bachane mein kamyab rhaa. see. aeye. 1913 mein prabhaavi roop seey ack bahurashtriya thaa, jisamen 102 companiyon mein hita they jinamen banking, beema, praakritik sansaadhan, vinirmaan aur udyog shamil they. 1934 taka yeh "bhayabheet" hoe gayaa thaa. yeh mukhya roop seey austriyai raajya key swaamitva mein thaa, joe austriyai arthavyavastha aur vyaavsaayik hiton kii seva kartaa thaa. isake netritva mein mahatvapurna karobar huaa thaa. austriya key kuladhipati ney anya logon key saath-saath yahoodiyon koo aarthik patan key liye ack suvidhajanak bully kaa bakra banaa diyaa, aur yahudi karmiyon koo nikalkar sansthanon koo "aaryikrit" kiya jaa rhaa thaa.
unschlus.
12 march, 1938 koo enschellus key baad austriya kii sthiti kaafee bigad gaee, jaba austriya koo naazi germany dwara kabja curr liya gayaa thaa.
enschellus key parinamswarup, caa ney phir seey raajneetik seemaon aur unake samajik, aarthik aur audyogik prabhaavon koo badalane kaa saamana kiya. aaryaneekaran key liye samajik aur kanuni dabaav badh gaye. yahudi ghoshit honey kaa matlab thaa kii aapaki sampatti jabt kii jaa sakati haye aur aapako giraftar kiya jaa sakata haye.
companiyon key liye, austriyai key bajaay german key roop mein vargeekrit honey kaa matlab thaa kii companiyon koo german virodhi bahishkaar key kaaran antarrashtriya baajaron mein sambhaavit nuksan kaa saamana karna padaa. usee samay, jaba germany ney anya deshon parr kabja curr liya, companiyon mein germany kii badhee hui raajneetik seemaon key bheetar vistaar karane kii kshamata thee. jaise hii naazi ney austriyai banking aur sarkaar parr kabja curr liya, naazi guton aur anaupchaarik samoohon key beach teevra aantarik pratidvandvita thee joe una parisampattiyon key vitaran koo niyantrit karane kii maang curr rahey they jinhen viennes yahoodiyon seey jabt kiya jaa rhaa thaa.
credal parr prabhaav.
credal aur unakaa parivaar vyaktigat aur vaigyaanik aur vyaavsaayik sambandhon seey judey logon key ack jatil network seey sambandhit they. austriya aur germany mein kaee anya logon kii tarah, credal yahudi vansh key they, lekin badey paimaane parr aatmasaat kiye gaye theh way paalan naheen curr rahey they. ignaz credal swayam rashtriya samajvadiyon dwara prachaarit naslavaadi roodhivaadita seey bahut door theh unaki neeli aankhen, gorey baal aur ack prabhaavshaali upasthiti thee. isake bavjood, unhein aur unake parivaar koo naazi yahudi maanate they.
credal koo lagbhag turant nishana banaaya gayaa. 18 march, 1938 kii shaam koo, austriya key vilay key ack saptah seey bhee cumm samay baad, vienna key sanghiya pulis nideshalaya key record seey pataa chalata haye kii pulis adhikaariyon dwara ignaz credal key ghar kii talashi lii gaee thee. ignaz credal, unaki doosari patni eeva, unaki saali dow. marian credal aur dow. sabhi hilde mathh upasthit they. pulis adhikaari paise, gahane aur vyaavsaayik patron sahit saman leey gaye. ignaz credal koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur binaa kissy aarop key dou dinon key liye kaid curr liya gayaa. unhein ravivaar, 20 march, 1938 koo yeh jaanane key liye riha curr diyaa gayaa kii unaki patni eeva unaki imarat kii chauthi manjil seey gir gaee thee aur marr chuki thee.
jey kaa aaryaneekaran. shreeber aur nephen.
ignaz credal jey mein ack pramukh sharedharak thaa. austriya-hangri mein pramukh kaanch nirmaataon mein seey ack, shreeber aind nephen.
credal key swaamitva mein shrabber mein 8,512 share they, joe company key kull 20,000 sheyaron kaa lagbhag aadhaa thaa. atirikt 4,430 share fredrick selahetin key they, jinhen rashtriya samajvadiyon dwara yahudi bhee maanaa jaataa thaa. shesh abhee bhee shrabber parivaar key paas they, jinhen aryan maanaa jaataa thaa.
prabhaavi 15 juuna, 1938 koo, shriber company koo "aaryikrit" kiya gayaa thaa.
credal aur selahetin kii sampatti koo gestapo dwara jabt curr liya gayaa aur "austriya kii bhoomi" kii sampatti ghoshit curr diyaa gayaa. sarvottam sambhav moolya parr" sheyaron koo bechana vishesh roop seey kathin saabit huaa kyonki company kii kuchh parisampattiyaan german adhikaar kshetra seey baahar theenh chekoslovakia mein shreeber karkhane they, joe usa samay german niyantran mein naheen they.
credit-weiner bankwarin kii holdings mein seey ack ack glass company thee, stolzley glassindustry egg. see. aeye. aur stolzley donon hii shreeber key adhigrahan mein ruchi rakhane vaale paksh they, lekin unake hita hamesha rechenberg aur tropau mein adhikaariyon key saath sanrekhit naheen they. iss chinta key bavjood kii shreeber karkhane apane bilon kaa bhugtan karane mein asamarth honge aur apane kushal karyabal koo khou denge, baatchit mein ack saal seey adhik samay lagaa. vibhinn deshon mein abb joe parisampattiyaan theen, unase nipatane key liye vishesh vyavastha kii jaani thee. anta mein, shrabber sheyaron kii bikri koo stolzley koo manjuri dee gaee.
veringte kemisk, fabric credal, heller aind koo kaa aaryaneekaran..
verinigte kemische fabric credal, heller aind koo. (vee. see. aff.) koo bhee aaryikrit kiya gayaa thaa. usa samay, ignaz credal key paas usa company key 75 pratishat share they jisaki unhone sthaapana kii thee. shesh carle theoder rutter key paas thaa, jisaki patni margaret greath rutter gustaav heller aur mathilde (credal) heller kii betty thee. isaliye margaret rutter firm mein ignaz credal key mool bhagidar kii betty aur credal kii bhatiji donon theen. carle rutter koo maee 1938 mein aaryaneekaran prakriya key hisse key roop mein giraftar kiya gayaa thaa aur teen maheene key liye hirasat mein liya gayaa thaa.
naziyon dwara vee. see. aff. key viniyog koo "rashtriya samaajvaad mein pranaaleegat bhrashtachar kaa ack pramukh udaaharan" ("aina paredbeespeel farr dye systemimente corruption imsozialismus") key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. 
karyavahak adheekshak ss-sturbanfuherrer friedolin glass company koo isake viniyog key baad bechane kaa prabhaari thaa. glass key paas naa tou vittiya sampatti thee aur naa hii vyaavsaayik anubhav. haalaanki, vaha maee 1938 mein carle rutter kii giraftari aur vee. see. aff. karkhane seey dhana, pratibhootiyon aur dastavejon koo jabaran hataane kii vyavastha karane kii sthiti mein thaa. sandigdh aakalanon kii ack shrinkhala key madhyam seey unhone yeh sunishchit kiya kii company kaa bahut cumm mulyankan kiya gayaa thaa. kaee pakshon koo shamil karate hue atyadhik sandigdh karyon kii ack shrinkhala key baad, naam badalkar "veringte kemische fabricane wein-fluoridorff" friedolin glass kii sampatti bunn gaee.
friedolin glass koo roose bheja gayaa thaa jahan 21 farwari, 1943 koo kaarravaai mein unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. 4 farwari, 1943 kii unaki vaseeyat ney unaki sampatti koo anya vienni aiss. aiss. sadasyon key liye chhod diyaa aur unaki patni ilse glass aur unake maataa-pitaa koo paryaapt vaseeyat dee.
america mein pravaas.
1937 aur 1940 key beach, ignaz, unake teen bete aur parivaar key vibhinn anya sadasya austriya chhodane aur sanyukt raajya america mein pravaas karane mein saksham they. ekekhard 1937 mein chalaa gayaa, antatah welland, massachusets mein buss gayaa. norbert aur melani ney 1938 mein bachane key liye newyork mein ack baithak mein bhaag lene key avsar kaa upayog kiya. werner 1939 mein austriya chhodane mein saksham they. ignaz ney 1938 mein grate britten kii yatra kii, aur phir 1939 mein sanyukt raajya america gaye, jahan way ack americi nagrik bunn gaye.
sabhi chaar purushon koo 1945 key liye americi syremic society kii sadasyata roaster mein shamil kiya gayaa haye. ignaz aur werner 155 waverley place, newyork mein soochibaddh hain; norbert 475 gardham aar. dee. mein., rochester, aine. vaaee.; aur aim. sargent. ee. ell. phut parr credal. belvoire, virginia.
sanyukt raajya america mein jaane key baad, ignaz aur werner ney credal chemico-physical corporation, newyork, aine. kii sthaapana kii. vaaee.
eckhard ell. credal sanyukt raajya senaa key engineering board kii vikiran shakha key liye ack shodh bhautik vigyaani bunn gaye, aur baad mein arther dee key liye vayu gunavatta niyantran parr kaam kiya. chhota, ink. cambridge, dravyamaan. aur casser steel.
norbert credal ack antarrashtriya star parr sammaanit kaanch vaigyaanik bunn gaye.
shuru mein way pensylvania state college mein apane poorv professor, voldemar wheel mein shamil hoe gaye.
baad mein way baush aur lomb optical company mein samagri aur vikas key pramukh baney aur misauri-rolla vishvavidyalaya mein padhaae. isake alawa way nassa key salaahkaar, kaanch parr antarrashtriya aayog key adhyaksh they aur antarrashtriya kaanch sammelanon kii ack shrinkhala key ayojan mein sakriya they.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, norbert ney apane poorv shikshak, adolph smekal key chhatron kaa samarthan karane key liye ack kosh kii sthaapana kii. unhone ise ignaz credal fund naam diyaa.
ignaz kii saali, mariane credal (nee wonn bronneck), joe vienna vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag lene vaali sabse shuruati mahila rasaayanagyon mein seey ack theen, bhee sanyukt raajya america chully gaeen aur 1938 mein kaam paaya. unake pati, ignaz key bhaai alekjendar kii mrityu 29 disambar, 1937 koo hui thee.
candy banaane vaale johnn heller (mool roop seey "huns"), gustaav heller aur mathilde credal key bete, 1940 mein vienna seey newyork chaley gaye. vahaan unhone heller candy ink kii sthaapana kii.
kshatipurti.
yuddh key baad, ignaz credal yuu kii sampatti niyantran shakha seey appeal karke kuchh company parisampattiyon koo phir seey hassil karane mein saksham thaa, vishesh roop seey friedolin glass dwara chori kii gaee kuchh sampattiyon koo.aiss. austriya (usa) key liye sambaddh aayog, 1945-1950.1947 mein ignaz kii mrityu key baad, unake bete werner ney europeeya swaamitva kii jimmedaari lii.
mool company site dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta key paas bamvarshakon dwara kaafee kshatigrast hoe gaee thee.
marshel yojana key kaaran credal punarnirmaan key liye dhana praapt karane mein saksham thaa. company "veringte kemische fabric credal, rutter aind koo."1949 mein iska gathan kiya gayaa thaa aur dheere-dheere utpaadan phir seey shuru huaa.
1961 taka, 400 karmchaariyon key saath, company plastic, regin aur anya utpaadon key liye austriya key bajar kii 80-90% aapoorti karane mein saksham thee.

