narbhakshan

narbhakshan bhojan key roop mein usee prajaati key dusare vyakti kaa sevan karane kaa kaary haye. narbhakshan pashu samrajya mein ack samanya paaristhitik antahkriya haye aur 1,500 seey adhik prajaatiyon mein darj kii gaee haye. maanav narbhakshan pracheen aur haal key samay mein achchi tarah seey pralekhit haye.
narbhakshan kii darr poshan kii drishti seey kharaab vatavaran mein badh jaati haye kyonki vyakti ack atirikt khaadya srot key roop mein apani prajaati key sadasyon kii or rukh karate hain. narbhakshan jansankhya kii sankhya koo niyantrit kartaa haye, jisase khaadya, aashray aur kshetra jaise sansaadhan sambhaavit pratispardha mein kamee key saath adhik aasaani seey upalabdh hoe jaate hain. haalaanki isase vyakti koo laabh hoe sakata haye, yeh dikhaaya gayaa haye kii narbhakshan kii upasthiti poori aabaadi kii apekshit uttarjeevita darr koo cumm karati haye aur ack rishtedaar key sevan key jokhim koo badhaati haye. anya nakaratmak prabhaavon mein rogjanak sancharan kaa badhaa huaa jokhim shamil hoe sakata haye kyonki mejbaanon kii muthbhed darr badh jaati haye. narbhakshan, halanki,-jaisa kii ack baar maanaa jaataa thaa-kewal atyadhik bhojan kii kamee yaa kritrim/apraakritik sthitiyon key parinamswarup naheen hotaa haye, lekin vibhinn prajaatiyon mein praakritik paristhitiyon mein bhee hoe sakata haye.
narbhakshan jaleey paaristhitiki tantra mein prachalit haye, jisamen lagbhag 90 pratishat jeev apane jeevan-chakr key kissy bindu parr narbhakshi gatividhi mein sanlagn hotey hain. narbhaksheeta mansahari prajaatiyon taka hii seemit naheen haih yeh shakahari aur hanikarak jeevon mein bhee paaya jaataa haye. yaun narbhakshan mein aam taur parr sambhog seey pahale, sambhog key dauran yaa baad mein mahila dwara purush kaa sevan shamil hotaa haye. narbhakshan key anya roopon mein aakar-sanrachit narbhakshan aur antargarbhashayi narbhakshan shamil hain.
vyaktigat prajaatiyon mein narbhakshan kii darr koo cumm karane key liye vyavhaar, shaaririk aur aakriti vigyaan sambandhi anukoolan vikasit hue hain.
laabh.
aise vatavaran mein jahaan bhojan kii upalabdhata seemit haye, vyakti atirikt poshan aur oorjaa praapt curr sakate hain yadi way apani prajaati key sadasyon kaa upayog karate hain, jinhen "conspecifix" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack atirikt khaadya srot key roop mein. yeh badale mein narbhakshi key jeevit rahane kii darr koo badhaayega aur iss prakaar una vatavaranon mein ack vikaasvaadi laabh pradaan karega jahaan bhojan kii kamee haye. udaaharan key liye, maadaa mendhak apane andey alpakaalik pool mein detee hain jinamen khaadya sansadhanon kii kamee hoti haye. isaliye, jeevit rahane key liye, ack hii clutch key bheetar tadpole koo ack-dusare kaa sevan karane aur poshan key ekmatra upalabdh srot key roop mein apane vishishtata kaa dohan karane key liye majboor kiya jaataa haye. ack anya ubhayachar, lakadi key mendhak, tadpole parr kiye gaye ack adhyayan seey pataa chalaa kii joe narbhakshi pravrittiyon kaa pradarshan karate they, unamen gair-narbhakshi kii tulanaa mein teji seey vriddhi darr aur uchch swaasthya star they. aakar aur vriddhi mein vriddhi seey unhein anya narbhakshiyon jaise sambhaavit shikariyon seey suraksha kaa atirikt laabh milega aur sansadhanon key liye pratispardha karate samay unhein ack laabh milega.
narbhakshan key poshan sambandhi laabh ack poorna jadee-bootiyon vaale aahar kii tulanaa mein ack vishisht aahar koo punah prayojya sansadhanon mein adhik kushal roop seey parivartit karane kii anumati dey sakate hain; kyonki jadee-bootiyon vaale aahar mein atirikt tatva hoe sakate hain jinase chhutkara paane key liye janwar koo oorjaa kharch karni padati haye. yeh teji seey vikas key liye suvidha pradaan kartaa haye; haalaanki, ack vyaapaar-vinimay hoe sakata haye kyonki inn arjit sansadhanon koo lene key liye cumm samay hoe sakata haye. adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii uchch vishisht aahar parr khaae jaane vaale jaanvaron key beach ack dhyaan dene yogya aakar kaa antar haye joe cumm vishisht aahar parr khaae jaane vaale jaanvaron kii tulanaa mein chhote they. isaliye, vyaktigat swaasthya koo kewal tabhi badhaaya jaa sakata haye jaba vikas darr aur aakar key beach santulan santulit hoe, adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii yeh cumm vishisht aahar mein praapt kiya jaataa haye.
narbhakshan jansankhya kii sankhya koo niyantrit kartaa haye aur narbhakshi vyakti aur usake rishtedaron koo laabh pahunchaata haye kyonki atirikt aashray, kshetra aur bhojan jaise sansaadhan mukt kiye jaate hain, jisase bheed key prabhaav koo cumm karke narbhakshi kii yogyata mein vriddhi hoti haye. haalaanki, yeh kewal tabhi hotaa haye jaba narbhakshi apane swayam key rishtedaron koo pahachaantaa haye kyonki yeh bhavishya kii peedhiyon mein apane jeane koo banaae rakhane kii kissy bhee sambhavana mein baadha naheen daalega. pratispardha kaa unmoolan sambhog key avsaron koo bhee badhaa sakata haye, jisase kissy vyakti key jeane kaa aur prasaar hoe sakata haye.
laagat.
jinn jaanvaron mein mukhya roop seey vishisht shikaar hotaa haye, way khud koo chot key adhik jokhim key liye ujagar karate hain aur gair-canibalistic prajaatiyon kii tulanaa mein upayukt shikaar key liye adhik oorjaa kharch karate hain.
shikari aksar chhote yaa adhik kamjor shikaar koo lakshit karate hain. haalaanki, iss tarah key chayanaatmak shikaar key liye aavashyak samay key parinamswarup shikari kii swa-nirdhaarit poshan aavashyaktaon koo puuraa karane mein viphalata hoe sakati haye. isake alawa, vishisht shikaar key sevan mein raksha yaugikon aur harmons kaa antargrahan bhee shamil hoe sakata haye, joe narbhakshi kii santan key vikas koo prabhaavit karane kii kshamata rakhate hain. isaliye, shikari aam taur parr una sthitiyon mein narbhakshi aahar mein bhaag lete hain jahaan vaikalpik khaadya srot anupasthit hotey hain yaa aasaani seey upalabdh naheen hotey hain.
shikaar key rishtedaron koo pahchaanane mein viphalata bhee ack nuksan haye, basharte narbhakshiyon koo lakshya banaaya jaae aur way yuva vyaktiyon kaa sevan karein. udaaharan key liye, ack narr stickleback machhali aksar apane pratidvandi key andon key liye apane swayam key "andey" kii galati curr sakati haye, aur isaliye anajaane mein upalabdh jeane pool seey apane kuchh jeane koo samaapt curr degi. spedfoot tode key tadpole mein rishtedaron kii pehchaan dekhi gaee haye, jisake tahat ack hii clutch key narbhakshi tadpole anya gair-bhaai-bahanon koo khaate hue, bhaai-bahanon koo khaane aur nuksan pahunchaane seey bachane kii pravritti rakhate hain.
narbhakshan kaa kaary jansankhya key bheetar poshan roga sancharan koo bhee suvidhajanak banaa sakata haye, halanki narbhakshi rogjanakon aur parjeeviyon koo failata haye joe aam taur parr sankraman key vaikalpik tarikon koo niyojit karate hain.
narbhakshan key madhyam seey roga failate hain.
narbhakshan sambhaavit roop seey atisamvedansheel mejbaanon kii sankhya koo cumm karke aur apratyaksh roop seey mezban mein parjivi koo markar aabaadi mein parjeeviyon key prasaar koo cumm curr sakata haye. kuchh adhyayanon mein yeh dikhaaya gayaa haye kii jaba narbhakshan kii darr adhik hoti haye tou sankramit peedit kaa saamana karane kaa jokhim badh jaataa haye, halanki upalabdh mejbaanon kii sankhya cumm honey parr yeh jokhim cumm hoe jaataa haye. haalaanki, yeh kewal tabhi hotaa haye jaba roga sancharan kaa khatra cumm hoe. narbhakshan roga key prasaar kaa ack aprabhaavi tarika haye kyonki pashu samrajya mein narbhakshan aam taur parr ack-seey-ack baatchit haye, aur roga key prasaar key liye samooh narbhakshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye; iss prakaar yeh durlabh haye kii ack bimari poori tarah seey narbhakshan parr nirbhar hocker failati haye. aamtaur parr sancharan key vibhinn saadhan hotey hain, jaise kii pratyaksh sampark, maatri sancharan, saha-roga aur vibhinn prajaatiyon key saath necrofaggy. gair-sankramit vyaktiyon kii tulanaa mein sankramit vyaktiyon key sevan kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye, iss prakaar kuchh shodhon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii bimari kaa prasaar aabaadi mein narbhakshan key prasaar key liye ack seemit kaarak hoe sakata haye.
standhaariyon mein narbhakshan dwara preshit rogon key kuchh udaharanon mein kuru shamil haye joe ack prion roga haye joe mastishk koo vikrit kartaa haye. yeh bimari papua nyu ginny mein prachalit thee jahan janjaatiyaan narbhakshi antim sanskar anushthaanon mein endocanibilism kaa abhyaas karati theen aur inn prion seey sankramit mastishk kaa sevan karati theen. yeh ack pramastishk nishkriya roga haye jisamen ack vyaapak-adharit chaal aur motor gatividhi niyantran mein kamee sahit lakshan hotey hain; haalaanki, roga kii ushmaayan avadhi lambi hoti haye aur lakshan varshon baad taka dikhaai naheen dey sakate hain.
bowine spongiform encephalopathy, yaa pagal gaay roga ack anya prion roga haye joe aamtaur parr anya maveshiyon koo dooshit bowine ootak khilaane key kaaran hotaa haye. yeh ack neurodegenerative bimari haye aur aggar vyakti dooshit gomans kaa sevan kartaa haye tou yeh manushyon mein fail sakati haye. nematode jaise parjeeviyon key prasaar koo narbhakshan dwara bhee sugam banaaya jaa sakata haye kyonki inn parjeeviyon key andey ack mezban seey dusare mezban mein adhik aasaani seey sthanantarit hoe jaate hain.
anya prakaar kii beemariyon mein sarisripon aur ubhaycharon mein sarcosistis aur iridovirus shamil hain; granulosus virus, chagas roga aur keedon mein microsporidia; dagdar jheenga roga, safed bartan syndrome, kriminashak aur crustations aur machhali mein tapeworm.
forging dynamics.
narbhakshan taba spasht hoe sakata haye jaba seemit sansadhanon key liye pratyaksh pratispardha vyaktiyon koo apani chayapachaya darr koo banaae rakhane key liye ack atirikt sansaadhan key roop mein anya vishisht vyaktiyon kaa upayog karane key liye majboor karati haye. bhookh vyaktiyon koo apane chaare kii darr badhaane key liye prerit karati haye, joe badale mein unake hamale kii seema aur anya vishisht vyaktiyon key prati sahishnuta koo cumm curr detee haye. jaise-jaise sansaadhan cumm hotey jaate hain, vyaktiyon koo apane vyavhaar koo badalane key liye majboor kiya jaataa haye jisase pashu pravaas, takraav yaa narbhakshan hoe sakata haye.
narbhakshan darr badhati jansankhya ghanatva key saath badhati haye kyonki yeh paryaavaran mein chaare kii tulanaa mein vishisht jeevon kaa shikaar karane key liye adhik fayademand hoe jaataa haye. aisaa isaliye haye kyonki shikari aur shikaar key beach muthbhed kii darr badh jaati haye, jisase narbhakshan paryaavaran key bheetar chaara khaane kii tulanaa mein adhik suvidhajanak aur fayademand hoe jaataa haye. samay key saath, jansankhya key bheetar gatishilata badalati haye kyonki narbhakshi pravrittiyon vaale atirikt poshan laabh praapt curr sakate hain aur shikaar key liye shikari key aakar anupaat mein vriddhi curr sakate hain. chhote shikaar yaa shikaar kii upasthiti joe unake jeevan chakr key ack kamjor charan mein hain, chot key cumm jokhim key kaaran honey vaale narbhakshan kii sambhavana koo badhaati haye. ack pratikriya chakr taba hotaa haye jaba narbhakshan kii badhati darr jansankhya ghanatva koo cumm karati haye, jisase vaikalpik khaadya sroton kii prachurta mein vriddhi hoti haye; jisase narbhakshan honey kii tulanaa mein paryaavaran key bheetar chaara lagaana adhik fayademand hoe jaataa haye. jaba jansankhya kii sankhya aur chaara ugaane kii darr badh jaati haye, tou kshetra mein usa sansaadhan key liye wahan kshamata taka pahuncha jaa sakata haye, iss prakaar vyaktiyon koo anya sansadhanon jaise kii vishisht shikaar kii talash karane key liye majboor kiya jaa sakata haye.
yaun narbhakshan.
yaun narbhakshan kaafee hudd taka makadiyon aur gastropods sahit anya aksheruki jeevon mein maujood haye. yeh prem prasang key dauran aur sambhog key dauran yaa baad mein vishisht yaun bhagidaron kii hatyaa aur upbhog koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. aam taur parr, yeh mahila haye joe vishisht purush jeev kaa sevan karati haye, halanki purush dwara vayask mahila kaa sevan karane key kuchh mamle saamane aae hain, haalaanki, yeh kewal prayogshala sthitiyon key tahat darj kiya gayaa haye. maadaa laal makadi, kaali vidhwa makadi, prarthana karane vaali montis aur bichchu mein yaun narbhakshan darj kiya gayaa haye.
makadiyon kii adhikansh prajaatiyon mein, purush vyakti kaa sevan maithun seey pahale hotaa haye aur purush apane shukranu koo mahila mein sthanantarit karane mein whiffle rahata haye. yeh galat pehchaan key kaaran hoe sakata haye jaise kii kaksha bunai makadi key mamle mein joe kissy bhee makadi key liye bahut cumm sahishnuta rakhta haye joe apane jaal mein maujood haye aur ack shikaar vastu key liye compan koo galati seey curr sakata haye. sambhog seey pahale purush upbhog key anya karanon mein mahila kii pasand aur narbhakshan key poshan sambandhi laabh shamil hoe sakate hain. narr makadi kaa aakar isaki prajanan safalata koo nirdhaarit karane mein ack bhoomika nibha sakata haye kyonki chhote naron kaa sevan poorv-maithun key dauran cumm honey kii sambhavana hoti haye; haalaanki, badey narr chhote naron koo maadaa taka pahunch praapt karane seey rokane mein saksham hoe sakate hain.
purushon aur mahilaaon key beach hiton kaa takraav maujood haye, kyonki mahilaaen poshan key sevan key srot key roop mein narbhakshan kii or mudane key liye adhik ichchuk hoe sakati hain, jabaki purush kii ruchi jyaadaatar bhavishya kii peedhiyon key pitritva koo sunishchit karane parr kendrit haye. yeh paaya gayaa kii narbhakshi maadaon ney gair-narbhakshi maadaon kii tulanaa mein adhik jeevit rahane kii darr key saath santanon kaa utpaadan kiya, kyonki narbhakshi adhik changul aur badey andey key aakar kaa utpaadan karate they. isaliye, parivaar kii narr kaali machhali pakadane vaali makadi jaisi prajaatiyan aatm-tyag karati hain aur mahila dwara apane swayam key upbhog koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye maithun key dauran anayas marr jaati hain, jisase bhavishya kii santanon key jeevit rahane kii sambhavana badh jaati haye.
yaun dwiroopata koo yaun chayan seey utpann honey kaa siddhant diyaa gayaa haye kyonki chhote purushon koo badey purushon kii tulanaa mein adhik aasaani seey pakada jaataa thaa; haalaanki, yeh bhee sambhav haye kii yaun narbhakshan kewal purush aur mahilaaon key beach aakar mein antar key kaaran hotaa haye. maadaa aur narr makadi key shareer kii lambai kii tulanaa karane vaale detta seey pataa chalata haye kii poorv siddhant key liye bahut cumm samarthan haye kyonki shareer key aakar aur yaun narbhakshan kii upasthiti key beach bahut adhik sambandh naheen haye. yaun narbhakshan mein bhaag lene vaali makadiyon kii sabhi prajaatiyan aakar dwiroopata pradarshit naheen karati hain.
yaun narbhakshan seey bachana kuchh prajaatiyon key purushon mein unake jeevit rahane kii darr koo badhaane key liye maujood haye, jisake tahat purush apane sevan key jokhim koo cumm karane key liye savdhani key tarikon kaa upayog kartaa haye. narr kakshiya bunai makadiyan aksar maadaon key sambhog shuru karane kaa prayaas karane seey pahale unhein khilaane yaa khaana khatm karane kaa intezar karati theen, kyonki maadaon key hamale kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye. purush joe maithun key baad key sevan key liye asurakshit hain, way ack yaantrik tanaav utpann karane key liye sambhog dhaage koo ikattha curr sakate hain jiska upayog way garbhadhan key baad door nikalane key liye curr sakate hain, jabaki kekade kii makadi jaise anya makadiyan mahila key pairon koo jaal mein ulajh sakati hain taaki mahila key usey pakadane key jokhim koo cumm kiya jaa sakey. purush chayan mainteds mein aam haye, jisamen purushon koo hamale key cumm jokhim key kaaran motee mahilaaon koo chunate hue dekhaa gayaa thaa aur way bhookhe rahane vaali mahilaaon seey sampark karane mein adhik sankoch karate they.
aakar-sanrachit narbhakshan.
aakar-sanrachit narbhakshan narbhakshan haye jisamen badey, badey, adhik paripakva vyakti chhote, yuva vishishtata kaa sevan karate hain. aakar-sanrachit aabaadi mein, (jahaan aabaadi vibhinn aakaron, umr aur paripakvata key vyaktiyon seey bunny hoti haye), narbhakshan kull mrityu darr key 8 pratishat (belding key ground gilhari) seey 95 pratishat (dragonfly larva) key liye jimmedaar hoe sakata haye, jisase yeh jansankhya aur samudayik gatishilata key liye ack mahatvapurna aur mahatvapurna kaarak bunn jaataa haye.
aakar-sanrachit narbhakshan aamtaur parr vibhinn prakaar key vargeekaran key liye jangli mein dekhaa gayaa haye. kasheruki udaharanon mein chimpanzi shamil hain, jahan vayask purushon key samoohon koo shishuon parr hamla karane aur unakaa sevan karane key liye dekhaa gayaa haye.
philial narbhakshan.
philial narbhakshan ack vishisht prakaar kaa aakar-sanrachit narbhakshan haye jisamen vayask apani santanon koo khaate hain. haalaanki aksar maataa-pitaa key roop mein socha jaataa haye kii way jeevit yuva khaate hain, philial narbhakshan mein mrit shishuon aur garbhpaat vaale bhroon key saath-saath baanjh aur abhee bhee ushmaayan andey kaa maataa-pitaa kaa sevan shamil haye. kasheruki udaharanon mein suar shamil hain, jahaan kull suar kii mauton kaa ack badaa pratishat jangli haye, aur billiyaan.
teleost machhliyon mein philial narbhakshan vishesh roop seey aam haye, joe teleost key cumm seey cumm satrah alag-alag parivaaron mein dikhaai detaa haye. machhliyon key iss vividh samooh key bheetar, philial narbhakshan key sambhaavit anukuli moolya key kaee, parivartansheel spashteekaran hain. inmein seey ack oorjaa-adharit parikalpana haye, joe bataati haye kii machhaliyan bhavishya kii prajanan safalata mein nivesh key roop mein apani santanon koo taba khaati hain jaba unaki oorjaa cumm hoti haye. iska praayogik sakshya dwara samarthan kiya gayaa haye, joe darshaata haye kii purush teen-kataai vaale stickleback, purush tessellated darters, aur purush spinks blanny machhali sabhi apani shaaririk sthitiyon koo banaae rakhane key liye apane swayam key andon kaa sevan yaa avashoshit karate hain. dusare shabdon mein, jaba machhali prajaati key naron mein oorjaa cumm hoti haye, tou kabhi-kabhi unake liye apani santanon koo khilana fayademand hoe sakata haye taaki way jeevit reh sakein aur bhavishya mein prajanan safalata mein nivesh curr sakein.
teleost mein philial narbhakshan key anukuli moolya key roop mein ack aur parikalpana yeh haye kii yeh ghanatva-nirbhar andey kii uttarjeevita koo badhaata haye. dusare shabdon mein, philial narbhakshan kewal anya andon koo sankhya koo chhota karke ise paripakva banaane mein madad karke samagr prajanan safalata koo badhaata haye. aisaa kyon haye, isake sambhaavit spashtikaranon mein shesh andon mein oxygen kii upalabdhata badhaana, bhroon apashisht key sanchay key nakaratmak prabhaav aur shikaar shamil hain.
polyestes chinensis" jaisi kuchh prajaatiyon mein, prajanan karane vaali maadaa apane puraane vansh koo chhote larva koo maar degi aur khilaayegi. yeh khaadya tanaavpurna paristhitiyon mein hotaa haye taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii shramikon kii pahali peedhi binaa kissy deree key ubhar rahee haye.
aage key sakshya seey yeh bhee pataa chalata haye kii kabhi-kabhi shishu narbhakshan machhali mein koyal key upa-utpaad key roop mein hoe sakata haye. narr santanon kaa sevan karate hain, jisamen unaki apani santan bhee shamil hoe sakati haye, jaba way maanate hain kii santan key ack nishchit pratishat mein aanuvanshik samagri hoti haye joe unaki naheen haye.
yeh hamesha maataa-pitaa naheen hotey hain joe santanon koo narbhakshi banaate hain; kuchh makadiyon mein, maataon koo maan seey laker bachchon taka key antim praavdhaan key roop mein apane santan koo khilaane key liye dekhaa gayaa haye, jise matridugdh key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
dynasore "coelophysis" parr ack baar narbhakshan key iss roop kaa abhyaas karane kaa sandeh thaa, lekin yeh galat nikla, halanki "denonichus" ney aisaa kiya hoga. laapata bhaagon vaale upa-vayaskon key kankal avasheshon koo anya "denonichus", mukhya roop seey poorna vikasit vayaskon dwara khaae jaane kaa sandeh haye.
shishu hatyaa.
shishu hatyaa ack hii prajaati key ack vayask dwara ack gair-vayask janwar kii hatyaa haye. shishu hatyaa aksar narbhakshan key saath hoti haye. yeh aksar sheron mein pradarshit kiya jaataa haye; ack narr shher pratidvandi garv key kshetra mein atikraman kartaa haye joe aksar anya naron dwara paida kiye gaye kissy bhee maujooda shaavakon koo maar dega; yeh sherniyon koo adhik jaldi garmi mein laataa haye, jisase aakramankari shher apane chhote bachche koo sair karane mein saksham hoe jaataa haye. yeh aanuvanshik sandarbh mein narbhakshi vyavhaar kaa ack udaaharan haye.
lapidoptera kii kaee prajaatiyon mein, jaise kii "kapido minimus" aur bhaaratiya bhojan-patang, pahala larva joe andey seey nikalata haye, vaha mezban paudhe parr anya andon yaa chhote larva kaa sevan karega, jisase pratispardha cumm hoe jaayegi.
antargarbhashayi narbhakshan.
antargarbhashayi narbhakshan kuchh mansahari prajaatiyon mein ack vyavhaar haye, jisamen kaee bhroon garbh dhaaran karane parr banaae jaate hain, lekin kewal ack yaa dou hii paida hotey hain. badey yaa majboot loga apane cumm vikasit bhaai-bahanon koo poshak tatvon key srot key roop mein upbhog karate hain.
adelphophagy yaa bhroon mein, bhroon bhaai-bahan key bhroon koo khaata haye, jabaki oofaagi mein yeh andey khaata haye.
adelphophagy kuchh samudri gastropods (calyptraids, muricids, vermated aur businids) aur kuchh samudri anaelids (spionidae mein "bocardia probosidia") mein hotaa haye.
antargarbhashayi narbhakshan koo lamnoid shark jaise kii rait bagh shark mein aur aag key salamender mein, saath hii saath kuchh telest machhliyon mein honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. carboniferous period chimera, "delphiodontos dacriforms", key baare mein sandeh haye kii usane haal hii mein paida hue kishoron key tej daanton (yaa sambhavatah garbhpaat) aur kishoron kii aanton mein mull padaarth kii upasthiti key kaaran antargarbhashayi narbhakshan kaa abhyaas kiya haye.
narbhakshan key khilaf sanrakshan.
jaanvaron ney apani tarah key sambhaavit shikariyon koo rokane aur rokane key liye suraksha vikasit kii haye. kaee ubhayachar andey gelatinus hotey hain aur khaane kii kshamata koo cumm karane key liye vishaakt hotey hain. aksar, vayask apane andey daraaron, chhed yaa khaali ghonsale banaane vaali jagahon mein daalate they taaki way apane andey sambhaavit vishisht shikariyon seey chhipa sakein joe ack atirikt poshan laabh key liye yaa aanuvanshik pratispardha seey chhutkara paane key liye andey khaate hain. ubhaycharon mein, gair-jaleey andey key jamaav key vikas ney jeevantata yaa pratyaksh vikas key vikas seey unake bachchon key jeevit rahane kii darr koo badhaane mein madad kii haye. madhumakhiyon mein, karyakarta policing karyakarta prajanan koo pratibandhit karane key liye hoti haye, jisake dwara shramik anya karyakarta key andey dene vaale narbhakshi banaate hain. raani key andey mein shramikon dwara rakhe gaye andon kii tulanaa mein ack alag sugandh hoti haye, jisase shramikon koo donon key beach antar karane kii anumati milati haye, jisase way narbhakshi banaane key bajaay raani key andey kaa poshan aur raksha curr sakate hain. ghonsale banaane vaale sthaanon parr maataa-pitaa kii upasthiti bhee vishisht vyaktiyon dwara kii gaee shishu hatyaa key khilaf suraksha kaa ack samanya tarika haye, jisake tahat maataa-pitaa sambhaavit shikariyon koo door karane key liye rakshaatmak pradarshan karate hain. navjat shishuon mein maataa-pitaa kaa nivesh aam taur parr unake vikas key shuruati charanon key dauran adhik hotaa haye, jisase aakraamakta, kshetriya vyavhaar aur garbhavastha koo avaruddh karane jaise vyavhaar adhik spasht hoe jaate hain.
roopaatmak plasticity ack vyakti koo vibhinn shikaar tanaavon key liye khaate mein madad karati haye, jisase vyaktigat uttarjeevita darr mein vriddhi hoti haye. japani bhoore rung key mendhak key tadpole koo roopaatmak plasticity pradarshit karane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye jaba way ack uchch tanaav vaale vatavaran mein hotey hain jahaan tadpole aur adhik vikasit vyaktiyon key beach narbhakshan maujood thaa. unake roopvigyaan koo sthanantarit karna unake astitva mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye, jaba adhik vikasit tadpole maujood vatavaran mein rakhe jaate hain, tou badey shareer banate hain, taaki vyaktiyon key liye unhein poori tarah seey nigalana mushkil hoe jaae. vikas key vibhinn charanon key beach aahar parivartan bhee pratyek charan key beach pratispardha koo cumm karane key liye vikasit hue hain, jisase bhojan kii upalabdhata kii matra mein vriddhi hoti haye taaki iss baat kii sambhavana cumm hoe jaae kii vyakti ack atirikt khaadya srot key roop mein narbhakshan kii or mudenge.
media mein narbhakshan.
narbhakshan 1980 key dashak seey daravani filmon kaa vishay rhaa haye. iss shally koo narbhakshi filmein kahaa jaataa haye. grah dynasore" mein yeh dou majungasauras koo ack dusare koo khaane key liye ladate hue dikhaata haye.
narbhakshan bhee video game kaa vishay rhaa haye. haal hii mein, narbhakshan koo ack sakaratmak prakaash mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, jisamen video game jaise "khilaadiyon key aabhaasi paatron koo ack-dusare koo khaane key liye protsaahit karna" shamil haye.

