
carolin rhys david

carolin augusta foley rhys davids (1857-1942) ack british lekhak aur anuvaadak they. paali bhasha mein bauddh granthon key sampaadak, anuvaadak aur dubhashiya key roop mein vyaapak roop seey jaane jaane seey pahale unhone arthshastra mein yogdan diyaa. way 1907 seey paali text society kii maanad sachiv theen aur 1923 seey 1942 taka isake adhyaksh raheen.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
carolin augusta foley kaa janm 27 sitambar 1857 koo wadherst, east sussex, ingland mein johnn foley aur carolin elizabeth foley (nee windham) key ghar huaa thaa. vaha ack lambe church key itihas vaale parivaar mein paida hui theeh usake pitaa, johnn foley, ney 1847-88 seey wadherst key wicker key roop mein kaary kiya; usake daadaa aur pardada ney kramshah holt, worcestershire aur mordiford, yahaan key wicker key roop mein kaary kiya thaa. 
unake janm seey dou saal pahale, unake paanch bhaai-bahan disambar 1855/janwari 1856 mein diptheria seey ack maheene key bheetar marr gaye aur sent peater aur sent paul, wadherst key church mein yaad kiye jaate hain. ack jeevit bhaai, johnn windham foley (1848-1926), bhaarat mein ack missionary bunn gayaa aur doosara, charles windham foley (1856-1933), puraane atonian key liye teen aff. aeye. cup final mein khela, 1852 mein vijeta paksh mein thaa; baad mein unakaa currier ack vakeel key roop mein thaa.
rhys davids koo unake pitaa ney ghar parr hii padhaa aur phir darshan, manovigyaan aur arthshastra (ppe) kaa adhyayan karane key liye landan key vishvavidyalaya mahavidyalaya mein bhaag liya. unhone 1886 mein apana beee aur 1889 mein darshanshastra mein ma puuraa kiya. vishvavidyalaya mahavidyalaya mein apane samay key dauran, unhone johnn stuart mill chhatravritti aur joseph humey chhatravritti donon jeete. yeh unake manovigyaan key shikshak george crome robertson they jinhone bhaaratiya darshan mein unaki ruchi koo aage badhaane key liye unhein "professor rais david key paas bheja", joe unake bhaavi pati they. unhone sanskrit aur bhaaratiya darshan kaa bhee adhyayan kiya. thomas rais david koo 1896 mein vishvavidyalaya mahavidyalaya kaa ack sadasya chunaa gayaa thaa. carolin rais david koo maanad dee seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa.chhota. 1919 mein manchester key victoria vishvavidyalaya (aaj manchester vishvavidyalaya) dwara degree.
carrier.
ack chhaatra key roop mein, vaha pahale seey hii ack vipul lekhika aur garibi raahat, bachchon key adhikaaron aur mahilaaon key matadhikar key andolanon mein ack mukhar prachaarak theen.
bauddh adhyayan mein jaane seey pahale, rhys davids ney arthshastra mein yogdan diyaa. unhone "raajneetik arthavyavastha key palgrave shabdakosh" (1894-99/1910) key liye satrah pravishtiyaan likhin, jinamen "kshamata kaa kiraya", "vigyaan, aarthik, kalaa seey alag", "saankhyiki, samajik aur samajik gatishilata", saath hii baarah jeevani pravishtiyaan shamil hain. unaki pravishti, "fashion, aarthik prabhaav", unaki 1893 kii "aarthik patrika" lekh, "fashion" seey sambandhit thee, aur ack asamanya aarthik ruchi koo darshaati haye (purnakaalik 1998 dekhein). unhone german, french aur italvi seey "aarthik patrika" key liye lekhon kaa bhee anuvaad kiya, jisamen carle menger key 1892 key prabhaavshaali lekh "dhana kii utpatti parr" shamil thaa. 1896 mein rais david ney unake poorv shikshak aur maargdarshak george crom robertson dwara vyakhyan tippaniyon key dou sett prakaashit kieh ack manovigyaan parr aur ack darshan parr. rayas david 1891 seey 1895 taka "aarthik patrika" key sampadakiya board mein they.
tii. doubleu. rhys davids ney apane tatkalin chhaatr carolin koo bauddh adhyayan karane aur bauddh manovigyaan aur bauddh dharm mein mahilaaon key sthaan key baare mein shodh karane key liye protsaahit kiya. iss prakaar, unaki pahali kritiyon mein dhamm sangani kaa anuvaad thaa, joe therwad abhidhamm pitak kaa ack paath thaa, jise unhone "manovaigyaanik naitikta kaa ack bauddh mainualah abb pahali baar mool paali seey anuvaad kiya gayaa haye, abhidhamm pitak mein pahali pustak kaa, jiska sheershak haih dhamm-sangani (avasthaon yaa ghatnaaon kaa sangrah)" (1900); doosara praarambhik anuvaad thargatha kaa thaa, joe paaramparik roop seey praarambhik bauddh nanon koo diye gaye chhandon kaa ack vihit kaary thaa ("bahanon key bhajan" [1909] sheershak key tahat).
rhys davids ney dou shaikshanik padon parr kaary kiyaah manchester key victoria vishvavidyalaya (aaj manchester vishvavidyalaya) mein bhaaratiya darshan mein vyakhyata (1910-1913); aur school off oriental studies mein bauddh dharm key itihas mein vyakhyata, baad mein school off oriental aind african studies (1918-1933) kaa naam badal diyaa gayaa. adhyaapan karate samay, unhone ack saath paali text society key maanad sachiv key roop mein kaary kiya, jise tii dwara shuru kiya gayaa thaa. doubleu. rhys davids ney 1881 mein paali bauddh granthon kaa pratilekhan aur anuvaad kiya. unhone 1907 seey 1922 mein apane pati kii mrityu taka usa pada parr kaary kiya; agale varsh, unhone samaaj key adhyaksh key roop mein unaki jagah lii.
paali granthon key unake anuvaad kabhi-kabhi vilakshan they, lekin bauddh granthon key sampaadak, anuvaadak aur dubhashiya key roop mein unakaa yogdan kaafee thaa. vaha abhidhamm granthon kaa anuvaad karane vaale pahale vidvaanon mein seey ack theen, joe apani jatilata aur takniki bhasha key kathin upayog key liye jaani jaati hain. unhone sutt pitak key badey hisse kaa anuvaad bhee kiya, yaa anya vidvaanon key anuvaadon kaa sampadan aur paryavekshan kiya. isake alawa, unhone bauddh dharm parr kaee lekh aur lokpriya pustaken bhee likhin; yeh inn niyamavali aur patrika lekhon mein haye jahan unake vivadaspad "mukhar" koo pahale raavan siddhant key kaee pramukh binduon kii or dekhaa jaa sakata haye.
1917 mein unake bete aur 1922 mein unake pati kii mrityu key baad, rayas david aadhyatmikta kii or rukh curr gaye. vaha vishesh roop seey mritakon key saath mansik sanchaar key vibhinn roopon mein shamil hoe gaee, pahale apane mrit bete taka pahunchane kaa prayaas karate hue aur phir swachaalit lekhan key madhyam seey. baad mein unhone daavaa kiya kii unhone spasht shrota honey key saath-saath sapane dekhate samay agali duniya mein jaane kii kshamata vikasit kii haye. unhone apane anubhavon kaa vivaran dene vaali diarry aur baad key jeevan parr tippaniyon key saath swachaalit lekhan kii vyaapak notebook rakhee. yeye nott cambridge vishvavidyalaya aur landan vishvavidyalaya dwara sanyukt roop seey aayojit unake sangrah kaa hissa hain.
haalaanki apane currier kii shuruat mein unhone bauddh shikshaon key baare mein adhik mukhyadhara kii maanyataon koo sweekaar kiya, baad mein jeevan mein unhone "anatta" kii avadharana koo "mool" bauddh shiksha key roop mein aswikar curr diyaa. aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii unhone iss disha mein apane kaee chhatron koo prabhaavit kiya haye, jisamen ack... key. komaraswamy, aff. ell. lakadi kii or, aur main. bee. horn.
parivaar.
carolin augusta foley ney 1894 mein thomas villium rais david seey shaadi kii. unake teen bachche theh vivian brinehield carolin foley rais david (1895-1978), arther rais david (1897-1917), aur nesta anid (1900-1973).
vivian ney 1915 mein sent hyug college, oxford mein clara avalin morden chhatravritti jeeti, baad mein ack sarre county paarshad key roop mein seva kii, aur 1973 mein ack mbe praapt kiya. arther ack pratibhashali vidwan aur ack sajaae gaye vishva yuddh I ladaakoo aiss they, lekin 1917 mein kaarravaai mein maare gaye they. naa tou vivian aur naa hii nesta ney shaadi kii aur naa hii unake bachche they.
26 juuna 1942 koo ross david kii achaanak chipstead, surre mein mrityu hoe gaee. vaha 84 varsh kii theen.

