sateek bambari

sateek bambari lakshya kii kshati koo adhikatam karane yaa sampaarshvik kshati koo seemit karane key uddeshya seey kuchh hudd taka sateekta key saath lakshya kii havaai bambari kaa prayaas haye. iska ranneetik samkaksh kaaleen bambari haye. ack udaaharan ack nirmit kshetra mein ack hii imarat koo nasht karna hoga jisase aspas key vatavaran koo nyuntam nuksan hoga. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran mitra deshon aur kendriya shaktiyon donon dwara sateek bambari kii koshish kii gaee thee, halanki yeh aprabhaavi paaya gayaa kyonki praudyogiki paryaapt sateekta kii anumati naheen detee thee. isaliye, vayu senaa ney kshetra mein bambari kii, jisamen nagrik maare gaye. yuddh key baad seey, nirdeshit yuddh-shastron key vikas aur apanaane seey havaai bambari kii sateekta mein bahut vriddhi hui haye. kyonki bambari mein hassil kii gaee sateekta upalabdh takneek parr nirbhar karati haye, sateek bambari kii "sateekta" samay avadhi key saapeksh haye. 
sateekta koo hamesha hathiyar vikas kii ack mahatvapurna visheshta key roop mein pahachaana gayaa haye. prasiddh sainya siddhantkar, rannitikar aur itihaaskaar mejar-general jey. aff. see. poorna, jise "lakshya kii sateekta" maanaa jaataa haye, hathiyaron kii paanch pahchaanane yogya visheshtaon mein seey ack haye, jisamen kaarravaai kii seema, prahaar karane kii shakti, aag kii matra aur suvaahyata shamil hain.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh taka, dinn key ujaale mein sateek bambari sanyukt vayu senaa kaa siddhant bunn gayaa. 1941 taka, indradhanush 5, mool senaa-nausena yuddh yojana koo lagu karane kii yojana, chaar adhikaariyon dwara taiyar kii gaee thee joe saamarik school mein dinn key ujaale mein sateek ringleader theh ell. tii. cole. harold ell. george, ell. tii. cole. keneth aine. walker, mejar. haywood aiss. hansell junier., aur mejar. laurence aiss. cuter. vayu yuddh yojana vibhajan yojana nam. 1 (aeye. doubleu. pee. dee.-1) maxwell playbook parr adharit haye, joe german rashtriya buniyaadi dhaanche, udyog-vishesh roop seey vimaan udyog-aur looftwafe key khilaf sateek bambari parr jore detaa haye.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key shuruati dinon mein, bamvarshakon seey dinn key ujaale mein hamla karane aur nagrik hatahaton seey bachane key liye sateek roop seey vitarit karane kii ummeed kii jaati thee. baadal aavaran aur audyogik dhundh aksar lakshyon koo aspasht karati haye isaliye antim nauvahan "fixes" seey mrit ganana karke bumm chhoda gayaa thaa-bamvarshak lakshya key liye etaa key anusaar apana bhaar giraate hain. kuchh vayu senaaon ney jald hii paaya kii dinn key ujaale mein bambari key parinamswarup bhaari nuksan huaa kyonki ladaakoo avarodhan aasaan hoe gayaa aur raat mein bambari kii or rukh kiya. isase bamvarshakon key jeevit rahane kaa behtar mauka milaa, lekin lakshya key samanya kshetra koo dhoondhana bhee bahut kathin hoe gayaa, thheek seey bumm giraane kii baat tou chhodiye.
luftwafe ney pahale iss mudde koo radio beam kii ack shrinkhala kaa upayog karke vimaan koo nirdeshit karane aur sanket dene key liye sambodhit kiya kii bumm kaba girana haye. kaee alag-alag takneekon kaa prayaas kiya gayaa, jinamen nickebin, aiks-garet aur vaaee-garet (votan) shamil hain. yeye prabhaavshaali sateekta pradaan karate hain-british post-redd vishleshan seey pataa chalaa haye kii giraaye gaye adhikansh bamon koo beam kii madhya rekha key 100 gaj (91 meater) key bheetar rakhaa jaa sakata haye, joe lakshya bindu key aspas kuchh sou gaj taka faila huaa haye, yahaan taka kii pitch-dark sthitiyon mein bhee kaee sou meal kii seema parr. lekin pranaaliyan ghaatak roop seey sateek radio swaagat parr nirbhar theen, aur angrejon ney 'beam kii ladaai' mein iss hathiyar kaa safaltapurvak mukabala karane key liye pahali electronic yuddh takneek kaa aavishkaar kiya'
baad mein raaf ney apani beam margadarshan takneekon koo vikasit kiya, jaise kii jee aur obo. yeye pranaaliyan lagbhag 100 gaj trijya kii sateekta pradaan curr sakati theen, aur neeche kii or dikhane vaale radar system system dwara poorak theen. visheshagya 'bhookamp' bamon key british vikas (jise bahut sateek roop seey giraane kii aavashyakta thee) ney sub aur pathpradarshak bull jaisi sahayak lakshya takneekon key vikas koo janm diyaa. 617 squadron jaisi visheshagya ikaaiyaan ullekhaniya sateekta praapt karane key liye inn aur anya takneekon kaa upayog karane mein saksham theen, jaise kii france mein clermont-ferrand mein michelin karkhane parr bambari, jahan unhein karyashalaon koo nasht karane kii aavashyakta thee, lekin cantene koo unake buggle mein chhod diyaa gayaa.
yuu key liye.aiss. senaa kii vayu senaa, dinn key ujaale mein bambari ladaakon seey raksha key liye boxes sanrachanaon key aadhar parr samanya thee. bambari kaa samanvaya ack pramukh vimaan key madhyam seey kiya gayaa thaa, lekin halanki abhee bhee nammatra kii sateek bambari (raaf bomber kamaand dwara kii gaee kshetra bambari key vipareet) uchch star seey bambari kaa parinam abhee bhee ack kshetra mein faila huaa thaa. abhyaas shreniyon parr yuddh seey pahale, kuchh americi dall bahut sateek parinam dene mein saksham they, lekin europe mein mausam aur german ladaakon aur vimaan-rodhi bandookon aur nae dall key liye seemit prashikshan key saath sateekta key iss star koo punah utpann karna asambhav thaa. america ney lakshya kshetra koo lakshya bindu key aspas ack trijya vritt key roop mein paribhaashit kiya-adhikansh americi hamalon key liye iss kshetra mein giraaye gaye bamon kaa kewal 20 pratishat maaraa gayaa. yuu.aiss. vimaan utpaadan key sadhanon koo nasht karane kii tulanaa mein german looftwaff koo shamil karke german raksha koo cumm karane mein dinn mein bambari key hamale adhik prabhaavi they.
sateek bambari kii kathinaaiyon kaa ack udaaharan 1944 kii garmiyon mein uttari golardh mein chean mein thikaanon seey japan key yaata steel key karyon parr 47 bee-29 dwara ack chhaapa thaa. kewal ack vimaan vaastav mein lakshya kshetra mein maaraa gayaa, aur kewal apane ack bumm key saath. yeh ekal samanya uddeshya vaalaa bumm usa mission parr yavaata key oopar giraaye gaye 376 bamon mein seey ack pratishat kaa pratinidhitva kartaa thaa. isane 108 bee-17 bamvarshakon koo liya, 1,080 vayu sainikon dwara chaalak dall, 648 bumm giraaya taaki 400 x german bijli-utpaadan sanyantra key ander sirf dou hitt praapt karane kii 96 pratishat sambhavana kii guaranti dee jaa sakey.

