
hilton yuva aayog

hilton young commission (poorna sheershakah bhaaratiya mudra aur vitt parr shaahi aayog) 1926 mein poorv aur madhya africa mein british kshetron key sambhaavit nikat sangh kii jaanch key liye niyukt ack jaanch aayog thaa. yeye vyaktigat roop seey aarthik roop seey avikasit they, aur yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa thaa kii kissy prakaar key sangathan key parinamswarup laagat bachat aur unakaa adhik teji seey vikas donon hoga. aayog ney purvi african mukhya bhoomi kshetron key ack prashaasnik sangh kii sifarish kii, sambhavatah baad mein madhya african kshetron dwara shamil kiya jaanaa thaa. isane yeh bhee prastaav diyaa kii pratyek kshetra kii vidhaan sabhaon koo jaari rehna chaahiye aur kissy bhee prakaar kii swashaasan koo deerghakaalik akanksha key roop mein dekhana chaahiye. haalaanki isane kenya yaa uttari rhodesia mein europeeya alpsankhyakon key una kshetron mein raajneetik niyantran sthaapit karane kii sambhavana koo aswikar curr diyaa, aur europeeya logon key samaan matdan adhikaaron key liye kenya asiai logon key daave koo khariz curr diyaa. halanki ack prashaasnik sangh parr aayog kii sifaarishon kaa turant paalan naheen kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 1940 key dashak mein purvi africa mein ghanishth sambandh sthaapit kiye gaye they. haalaanki, madhya africa mein, isaki report kaa prabhaav europeeya basane vaalon koo dakshini rhodesia key saath nikat sambandh banaane key liye protsaahit karane kaa thaa, joe 1953 mein rhodesia aur nyasaland kaa sangh bunn gayaa.
aayog kii prishthabhoomi.
1914 mein, poorv aur madhya africa key kaee kshetra british samprabhuta key tahat they, lekin way naa tou ekjut they aur naa hii usee tarah seey prashaasit they. purvi africa sanrakshit raajya, yaa kenya, mool roop seey 1888 mein ack chartered company, shaahi british purvi africa company koo anudan kaa vishay rhaa thaa, lekin jaba company whiffle honey luggy tou ise julaai 1895 mein ack british sanrakshit raajya key roop mein leey liya gayaa. yuganda, joe 1894 mein ack british sanrakshit raajya bunn gayaa thaa. zaanzeebaar 1890 mein ack british sanrakshit raajya bunn gayaa, lekin shaasak key roop mein ack sultan koo banaae rakhaa. nyasaland 1891 seey ack british sanrakshit raajya thaa, lekin uttari rhodesia aur dakshini rhodesia koo ack anya chartered company, british dakshin africa company dwara prashaasit kiya gayaa thaa, joe 1889 seey ack shaahi charter key tahat thaa.
germany key paas 1885 seey 1918 taka german purvi africa thaa, lekin pratham vishva yuddh key baad, britten koo 1922 mein rashtron kii ack leag kaa janadesh milaa, jiska naam badalkar tanganyika kshetra curr diyaa gayaa. 1922 mein bhee, dakshini rhodesia mein ack janmat sangrah aayojit kiya gayaa thaa jisamen shwet alpasankhyak matdaataon ney dakshin africa key sangh mein pravesh key bajaay ack aantarik roop seey swa-shaasit coloney key roop mein jimmedaar sarkaar koo chunaa thaa. uttari rhodesia mein british dakshin africa company kaa shasson 1924 mein samaapt hoe gayaa, jaba yeh ack british sanrakshit raajya bunn gayaa.
inn parivartanon key parinamswarup uttar kii or zambezi seey british-niyantrit kshetron kaa ack nirantar block banaa rhaa, jisamen 1923 mein pahali baar duke off devonshire dwara nirdhaarit siddhanton kaa paalan karate hue, joe taba aupaniveshik sachiv they, african logon key hiton koo sarvopari maanaa jaayega. haalaanki, agale roodhivaadi aupaniveshik sachiv, leo amiri ney baad mein iss siddhant koo yogya banaane kaa prayaas kiya, aur dakshini rhodesia key model kaa paalan karate hue swa-shasson kii degree praapt karane kii ummeed mein gair-deshi apravasi samudaayon kii aakaankshaon koo maun protsaahan diyaa. uttari rhodesia mein, chhote safed samudaay kaa uddeshya dakshini rhodesia mein samaan samvaidhaanik sthiti kaa lakshya thaa.
kenya coloney mein, joe poorv purvi africa sanrakshit raajya seey 1920 mein banaai gaee thee, british bhaarat seey ack mahatvapurna apravasi samudaay thaa, aur ack chhota arab samudaay, saath hii ack europeeya samudaay bhee thaa. 1905 seey, ack bhaaratiya koo asiai hiton kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye kenya vidhaan parishad key liye naamit kiya gayaa thaa. 1919 mein, jaba europeeya kenya vidhaan parishad key sadasyon koo chunane mein saksham hue, tou asiai logon koo matadhikar seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa. usa parishad parr doosari naamit bhaaratiya seat key prastaav koo 1920 mein bhaaratiya samudaay key aakar aur aarthik taakat key gair-pratinidhi key roop mein aswikar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1927 mein, bhaaratiya pratinidhitva koo badhaakar paanch sadasya curr diyaa gayaa, jinamen seey chaar koo naamit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki europeeya logon dwara chune gaye gyaarah sadasyon kii tulanaa mein. ack naamit arab sadasya bhee thaa aur vidhaan parishad mein african hiton kaa pratinidhitva ack naamit europeeya dwara kiya gayaa thaa. bees aadhikarik vidhaan parishad sadasya, sabhi ack europeeya koo chhodkar, 18 sampradayik pratinidhiyon koo pachhaad sakate they. parishad mein taba koee african naheen they, aur europeeya aur bhaaratiya apravasi samudaayon donon key pratinidhiyon ney unake pravesh aur vahaan african pratinidhitva mein kissy bhee vriddhi kaa virodh kiya.
aayog key uddeshya.
purvi aur madhya africa key kshetra vyaktigat roop seey chhote aur aarthik roop seey avikasit they, isaliye kissy prakaar key sangathan key parinamswarup laagat bachat hoe sakati thee. kenya mein antar-sampradayik samasyaaen bhee chinta kaa vishay theen, isaliye 1927 mein aupaniveshik sachiv ney nirnay liya kii inn mamalon kii jaanch kii jaani chaahiye.
poorv aur madhya africa kii nirbhartaon key nikat sangh parr hilton yuva aayog, 1927 key anta mein aupaniveshik sachiv, leo emeri dwara niyukt ack jaanch aayog thaa, aur yeh janwari 1929 mein unhein soochit kiya gayaa thaa. isake adhyaksh edward hilton young they, baad mein 1 baron kennet, aur isamen bhaarat sarkaar key poorv vittiya sachiv surr reginald ment, surr george ernest schuster, ack barrister aur sudan sarkaar key poorv vittiya sachiv aur jey shamil they. aich. oldham, antarrashtriya missionary parishad key sachiv. sandarbh key shabd, sankshipt roop mein, theh 
(1) iss baat parr sifaarishen karna kii kyaa sangh yaa nikat sangh kaa koee anya roop vibhinn kendriya aur purvi african sarkaaron key beach adhik prabhaavi sahyog kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, vishesh roop seey parivahan aur sanchaar, seema shulk aur prashaasan, vaigyaanik anusandhaan aur raksha key vikas parr;
(2) tanganyika kshetra parr rashtron key sangh key adhidesh parr vichaar karate hue, iss baat parr vichaar karna kii abb yaa bhavishya mein kinn kshetron koo kissy bhee nikat sangh key bheetar laaya jaa sakata haye;
(3) inn kshetron kii vidhaan parishadon kii shaktiyon aur sanrachana mein parivartan parr sifaarishen karnaah
(que) kissy bhee sanghiya parishad yaa anya samanya pradhikaran key gathan key parinamswarup;
(kha) apravasi samudaayon koo sarkaar mein adhik nikatata seey jodana; aur
(gaga) deshi hiton kaa adhik pratyaksh pratinidhitva sunishchit karna;
(4) yeh sujhaav denaa kii purvi african rajyapalon key sammelan dwara anushansit dohri neeti koo raajneetik aur aarthik kshetra mein kaise lagu kiya jaa sakata haye.
(5) sangh yaa nikat sangh key kaam koo suvidhajanak banaane key liye vibhinn kshetron key beach aantarik sanchaar mein kyaa sudhaaron kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye, iss parr sifaarishen karna.
(6) way joe bhee prastaav curr sakate hain, unake vittiya pahaluon parr report karna.
samanya sifaarishen.
aayog ney apane nirdeshon kii vyakhya dou mukhya prashn uthaane key roop mein keeh
(1) kyaa purvi aur madhya africa key kshetron key beach adhik prabhaavi sahyog sunishchit karane key liye yaa tou sangh honah chaahiye yaa sangh kaa ack karibi roop honah chaahiye? aur
(2) una kshetron key liye samvidhaan kaa kaun saa roop upayukt haye jinamen gair-deshi apravasi samudaay sthaayi roop seey adhivaasit hoe gaye hain?
isane nishkarsh nikala kii prabhaavi sahyog praapt karane key liye, ack susangat "deshi neeti" kii aavashyakta thee. iss neeti key siddhanton koo sabhi kshetron mein samaan roop seey lagu kiya jaanaa chaahiye, halanki vibhinn sthaaniya paristhitiyon key anukool honah chaahiye. doosara, swadeshi african aabaadi aur apravasi samudaayon key beach sambandhon koo paribhaashit karna thaa. yadi una apravasi samudaayon koo ack raajneetik bhoomika dee jaani thee, tou unhein usa deshi neeti kii sharton koo badalane kii anumati naheen dee jaa sakati thee. parivahan aur sanchaar, seema shulk, raksha aur anusandhaan mein sahyog kaa bahut cumm mahatva thaa.
sandarbh key chauthe karyakal mein sandarbhit "dohri neeti" vaha thee jise lord lugard ney apani pustak "dha dual mandate inn british tropical africa" mein prastaavit kiya thaa. una upaniveshon mein jahaan jalavaayu aur bhugol ney vyaapak europeeya basti koo roque diyaa thaa, lugard ney sujhaav diyaa kii unake vikas seey unaki swadeshi aabaadi key saath-saath aupaniveshik shakti key aarthik hiton koo bhee laabh honah chaahiye. unhone african hiton koo sarvopari maanaa, lekin aapravasiyon dwara niptan koo protsaahit kiya yadi unake hita swadeshi aabaadi key hiton key saath sangharsh naheen karate hain. purvi africa mein, vishesh roop seey kenya mein, neeti europeeya aur asiai basane vaalon donon key astitva aur raajneetik aakaankshaon seey jatil thee. ayukton ney maanaa kii swadeshi aur apravasi samudaayon donon key prati british sarkaar kii neeti parr sabhi raajneetik dalon dwara sahamati vyakt kii jaani chaahiye.
dohri neeti" aur "deshi neeti" donon key liye african vikas key liye sansadhanon key nirmaan aur rakharkhaav kii aavashyakta thee. report mein kahaa gayaa haye kii yeh pratyek kshetra kii sarkaar kaa pahala kartavya honah chaahieh isake baad hii kissy bhee adhishesh kaa upayog apravasi udyamon koo badhaava dene key liye kiya jaanaa chaahiye. ayukton ney maanaa kii pahali aavashyakta swadeshi samudaayon key liye paaramparik krishi vidhiyon kaa upayog karke uchit jeevan star banaae rakhane key liye paryaapt bhoomi kii thee. yeh bhoomi african aabaadi key liye aarakshit honey chaahiye aur apravasiyon dwara atikraman seey sanrakshit honey chaahiye. unhone yeh bhee socha kii bhoomi key karyakal seey nipatna aavashyak thaa, aur sampradayik bhoomi swaamitva seey vyaktigat karyakal mein parivartan kaa anuman lagaaya. aayog ney shram key muddon parr bhee vichaar kiya, yadi pravaasi shramikon key roop mein shramikon kii ack nishchit pratishat seey adhik kii bharti parr ack seema kii maang kii aur kaary anubandhon aur sharton key nireekshan parr jore diyaa.
african vikas koo badhaava dene kii aavashyakta parr vichaar karane key baad, aayog ney sangh yaa nikat sangh key vikalpon kii sameeksha kii. isane kshetriya sahyog badhaane key paksh mein tatkaal aupchaarik sangh key kissy bhee vichaar koo khariz curr diyaa. report mein ack kendriya karyakari pradhikaran key nirmaan kii parikalpana kii gaee thee joe pahale maujooda prashaasnik sanrachanaon parr bharosa karane vaalaa ack uchch aayukt hoga aur baad mein ack prashaasnik sachivalaya dwara samarthit ack governor-general hoga. yeh kendriya pradhikaran landan seey sambhav honey kii tulanaa mein neetigat mamalon parr adhik prabhaavi paryavekshi aur samanvaya niyantran kaa prayog karega. ayukton ney apani sifaarishon kii safalata parr jore diyaa joe sthaaniya vidhaanmandalon key aupaniveshik karyalaya niyantran mein dheel parr nirbhar kartaa haye, halanki aupaniveshik karyalaya key adhikaari abhee bhee neeti kii mukhya rekhaaen nirdhaarit karenge. unhone ack praarambhik avadhi kaa prastaav rakhaa jisamen kenya, uganda aur tanganyika kendriya pradhikaran koo salah dene key liye maujooda purvi african rajyapalon key sammelan (joe 1926 mein gathit kiya gayaa thaa) aur isake sachivalaya kaa upayog karke sahyog karenge. dusare charan mein, zaanzeebaar, nyasaland aur uttari rhodesia key pratinidhi shamil honge aur governor-general key sachivalaya koo majboot kiya jaayega. aayog ney sujhaav diyaa kii sthaaniya vidhaan mandal baney rahenge aur koee kendriya vidhanmandal naheen banaaya jaayega.
purvi africa.
aayog ney pratyek purvi african kshetra parr vichaar kiya. kenya key liye, yeh tark diyaa kii europeeya alpasankhyak key kabhi bhee jimmedaar sarkaar praapt karane kii tatkaal koee sambhavana naheen thee, lekin apravasi samudaayon kii raajneetik bhoomika key mudde koo spasht kiya jaanaa thaa. hilton young ney ack alpasankhyak raay mein sujhaav diyaa kii kenya vidhaan parishad mein sabse badey samooh key roop mein nirvaachit europeeya sadasyon key saath jimmedaar sarkaar hassil kii jaa sakati haye, jisamen ack tihai seeten hain, lekin anya ayukton ney iska virodh kiya. uganda ney koee badee samasya prastut naheen kii aur aayog ney bataaya kii isake prastaavon mein kuchh bhee tanganyika key liye rashtron key sangh key janadesh key saath virodhabhasi naheen haye, joe vishesh roop seey padosi kshetron key saath ack prashaasnik sangh yaa sangh key liye anumati detaa haye. haalaanki, tanganyika koo prabhaavit karane vaale sabhi kaanoonon kii jaanch leag off nations mandate kameti dwara kii jaani chaahiye, chaahe vaha tanganyika vidhaayika seey utpann huaa hoe yaa kissy nae kendriya vidhaayika seey. ayukton ney zaanzeebaar aur mukhya bhoomi kshetron key beach matbhedon koo nott kiya, lekin samanya hiton koo bhee nott kiya. unhone sujhaav diyaa kii zaanzeebaar koo kissy bhee kendriya pradhikaran key saath jodaa jaa sakata haye, binaa kissy sangh kaa poorna sadasya baney.
purvi african key liye aayog kii antim samasya kenya mein vidhaan parishad kii sanrachana aur iss coloney key gair-mool nivaasiyon dwara kiye gaye raajneetik daavon kii thee. unaki kathinaaee raajneetik roop seey vichaarsheel gair-deshi basane vaalon key daavon key saath vaidh african raajneetik aakaankshaon kaa milan karna thaa. isane tark diyaa kii choonki vidhaan parishad mamalon kii charcha key liye pramukh munch thee aur vaha sthaan jahaan kaanoon banaae gaye they, isaliye ise pratyek jaati aur hita koo yeh bhavna deni chaahiye kii unake vichaaron parr vichaar kiya gayaa aur unaki raksha kii gaee. yeh maanaa jaataa thaa kii ack aam matadaata soochi avyavahaarik thee, aur yeh kii, kyonki parishad ack salaahkaar nikaay thee, samudaay key pratinidhiyon kii sankhya mahatvapurna naheen thee, basharte kii way pratinidhi apane samudaay key vichaaron koo vyakt karane key liye paryaapt shakti aur kshamata key houn. aayog ney kenya mein ack samanya chunavi matadhikar key liye ack bhaaratiya daave koo maanaa, joe nasl key bajaay sabhyata key star parr adharit thaa yaa aisaa naa karane parr, asiai samudaay key liye ack badhe hue pratinidhitva parr vichaar kiya. yeh ack samanya matadhikar kii sifarish naheen curr sakata thaa, lekin asiai pratinidhitva badhaane kii vakaalat kii, aur african hiton kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye namankan mein vriddhi kii, jisamen african mool key vyaktiyon koo naamit karna shamil thaa, joe shayed kenya mein mool parishadon seey liye gaye they.
madhya africa.
aayog kii sandarbh sharton mein uttari rhodesia aur nyasaland aur uttar mein purvi africa key kshetron key beach ack karibi sambandh kii sambhavana bhee shamil thee. jaba 1923 mein dakshini rhodesia koo jimmedaar sarkaar millie, tou uttari rhodesia key prashaasan koo british dakshin africa company seey aupaniveshik karyalaya mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa, lekin donon kshetron ney ack-dusare key saath mahatvapurna sambandh banaae rakhe aur unhein shram khareed aur parivahan laagat kii samaan samasyaon kaa saamana karna padaa. purvi africa key saath sambandhon kii sambhavana key liye uttari rhodesia mein basane vaalon kii pratikriya yeh thee kii unhone "safed dakshin" koo prathamikta dee, jiska arth iss mamle mein dakshini rhodesia thaa, ack bhagidar key roop mein.
halanki hilton yuva aayog key adhikansh sadasyon ney uttari rhodesia aur nyasaland aur purvi africa key beach sambandh parr jore diyaa, lekin adhyaksh, surr edward hilton young ney mahsoos kiya kii donon kshetron key mukhya aarthik aur raajneetik hita dakshini rhodesia key saath judey hue hain. unhone uttari rhodesia aur dakshini rhodesia key beach maujooda parivahan sambandhon aur uttari rhodesia aur nyasaland aur purvi africa key beach iss tarah key sambandhon kii kamee aur dou kshetron key shramikon key niyokta key roop mein dakshini rhodesia key mahatva parr jore diyaa. vaha uttari rhodesia key saath ghanishth sambandhon parr dakshini rhodesian tarkon seey prabhaavit they, aur unhone ack karibi sambandh kaa prastaav rakhaa jisamen dakshini rhodesia key rajyapal dou uttari kshetron key liye uchch aayukt bunn jaayenge. unhone yeh bhee sujhaav diyaa kii uttari rhodesia koo vibhajit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, jisamen kendriya, adhik aarthik roop seey unnat, hissa dakshini rhodesia key saath ekjut honah chaahiye. aayog key adhikansh sadasyon ney dakshini rhodesia aur vibhajan donon key saath kissy bhee prakaar key sangh koo aswikar curr diyaa. unhone vishesh roop seey nyasaland key purvi africa key saath sambandhon aur europeeya basti key liye adhikansh uttari kshetron kii anupayuktata parr jore diyaa. unhone maanaa kii british sarkaar dakshini rhodesia aur usake bheedbhaad vaale bandargah beeraa key madhyam seey parivahan samparkon parr bharosa karane key bajaay uttari rhodesia seey tanganika taka rail connection kaa vittaposhan curr sakati haye.
baad kii ghatanaaen.
hilton young commission kii sifarish key bavjood, kii purvi african kshetron kaa ack sangh vaanchhaniya thaa, british sarkaar ney mukhya roop seey laagat key aadhar parr turant ack purvi african sangh banaane key khilaf faisala kiya. haalaanki, 1926 mein purvi african rajyapalon key sammelan key gathan key saath joe pragati shuru hui thee, vaha 1940 mein sanyukt purvi african aaykar board aur sanyukt aarthik parishad key saath jaari rahee. 1947 mein purvi african uchch aayog koo lagbhag dou dashak pahale aayog dwara prastaavit tarj parr ack sanyukt prashaasnik sangathan key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. british sarkaar ney aayog dwara parikalpit uttari rhodesia seey tanganyika taka rail connection banaane key liye koee kaarravaai naheen kii, aur madhya africa key prashaasan koo purvi africa seey jodane key liye koee kadam naheen uthaaye.
uttari rhodesia key vibhajan key liye british sarkaar key virodh ney surr edward hilton young kii alpasankhyak report mein prastaav kiya aur adhikansh report key uttari rhodesia aur nyasaland aur purvi africa key beach sambandhon key prachaar ney dakshini rhodesian sarkaar koo yeh sweekaar karane key liye prerit kiya kii uttari rhodesia koo ack poore key roop mein avashoshit karna hoga yaa ack alag kshetra key roop mein chhodana hoga. yeh alpasankhyak raay seey raahat letaa haye kii inn donon kshetron key mukhya aarthik aur raajneetik hita dakshini rhodesia key saath judey hue hain.
uttari rhodesia mein, african hiton kii raksha aur badhaava dene key liye aupaniveshik karyalaya key prayaas basane vaale samoohon key pratirodh seey nirash they. yeye african shiksha mein sarkaar kii bhoomika kaa virodh karate they aur kaee prashaasnik naukariyon seey african logon key kanuni bahishkaar kaa samarthan karate they. african hiton kii sarvochata key siddhant koo adhikansh uttari rhodesian basane vaalon dwara poori tarah seey khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa. jaise hii aayog kii report ney uttari rhodesia key liye jimmedaar sarkaar koo apane aap mein khariz curr diyaa, farwari 1928 mein, dou uttari rhodesia basane vaale pratinidhiyon ney samamelan key liye sharton parr charcha karane key liye dakshini rhodesian sarkaar seey sampark kiya. prastaavit shartein udaar theen, jisamen sanyukt sansad mein unake liye uchch star kaa pratinidhitva, kissy bhee sanyukt sarkaar mein mantri karyalaya kii guaranti aur anya riyaayaten shamil theen.
juuna 1930 mein, shram sarkaar key aupaniveshik sachiv, lord passfield ney juuna 1930 mein purvi africa mein mool neeti parr apana gyaapan prakaashit kiya. aupaniveshik neeti kaa unakaa bayaan african hiton kii sarvochata key siddhant kaa ack jordar pratipaadan thaa, aur unhone kenya aur uttari rhodesia mein swa-sarkaar kii basane vaalon kii aakaankshaon koo khariz curr diyaa. iska prabhaav uttari rhodesian europeeya logon koo dakshini rhodesia key saath sangh kii or dhakelane kaa thaa.