
sir mein chot

sir kii chot koee bhee chot haye jisake parinamswarup khopadi yaa mastishk koo aghaat hotaa haye. aghaataatmak mastishk kii chot" aur "sir kii chot" shabdon kaa upayog aksar chikitsa saahitya mein ack dusare key sthaan parr kiya jaataa haye. kyonki sir kii choton seey choton kaa itna vyaapak daira hotaa haye, kaee kaaran hotey hain-jinamen durghatanaaen, girna, shaaririk hamla yaa yatayat durghatanaaen shamil hain-joe sir kii choton kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain.
sanyukt raajya america mein harr saal nae mamalon kii sankhya 17 laakh haye, jinamen seey lagbhag 3 pratishat ghatnaaon mein maut hoe jaati haye. vayaskon koo girane, motor vaahan durghatanaon, takaraane yaa kissy vastu seey takaraane yaa hamalon key parinamswarup kissy bhee ayu varg kii tulanaa mein adhik baar sir mein chot lagati haye. haalaanki, bachchon koo aakasmik girane yaa jaanboojhkar honey vaale karanon (jaise kii maaraa jaanaa yaa hilaaya jaanaa) seey sir mein chot lugg sakati haye jisase aspatal mein bharti honah parh sakata haye. adhigrahit mastishk kii chot (abi) ack shabd haye jiska upayog janm key baad honey vaali mastishk kii choton koo chot seey, aanuvanshik vikaar seey, yaa janmajaat vikaar seey alag karane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
ack tooty hui huddy key vipareet jahaan shareer koo aghaat spasht haye, sir kaa aghaat kabhi-kabhi spasht yaa aprabhedya hoe sakata haye. sir mein khuli chot key mamle mein, khopadi mein ack aisee vastu seey daraar aaa jaati haye joe mastishk key sampark mein aatee haye. isase raktasraav hotaa haye. anya spasht lakshan prakriti mein tantrika sambandhi hoe sakate hain. vyakti neend aaa sakata haye, asamanya vyavhaar curr sakata haye, hosh khou sakata haye, ulti curr sakata haye, gambhir sirdard hoe sakata haye, putali key aakar bemel hoe sakate hain, aur/yaa shareer key kuchh hisson koo sthanantarit karane mein asamarth hoe sakata haye. jabaki yeye lakshan sir mein chot lagane key turant baad hotey hain, kaee samasyaaen baad mein jeevan mein vikasit hoe sakati hain. udaaharan key liye, alzheimer roga, ack aise vyakti mein vikasit honey kii adhik sambhavana haye jisane sir mein chot kaa anubhav kiya haye.
mastishk kshati, joe mastishk koshikaon kaa vinash yaa apakshay haye, una logon mein ack aam ghatana haye joe sir kii chot kaa anubhav karate hain. neurotoxicity mastishk kshati kaa ack aur kaaran haye joe aamtaur parr chayanaatmak, rasayanik roop seey prerit neuron/mastishk kshati koo sandarbhit kartaa haye.
vargeekaran.
sir kii choton mein mastishk aur sir key anya hisson jaise khopadi aur khopadi donon kii chotein shamil hain. sir kii chotein bund yaa khuli hoe sakati hain. ack bund (gair-missile) sir kii chot vaha jagah haye jahan dura matter barkarar rahata haye. khopadi tooty hoe sakati haye, lekin jaruri naheen kii. ack bhedan sir kii chot taba hoti haye jaba ack vastu khopadi koo chhedati haye aur dura matter koo todati haye. mastishk kii chotein ack vistrit kshetra yaa ack chhote, vishisht kshetra mein sthit kendra parr fail sakati hain. sir kii chot seey khopadi mein fracture hoe sakata haye, joe mastishk kii chot seey judaa hoe yaa naheen bhee hoe sakata haye. kuchh rogiyon koo raikhik yaa avasaadgrast khopadi fracture hoe sakate hain. yadi intracranial raktasraav hotaa haye, tou khopadi key bheetar ack hematoma mastishk parr dabaav daal sakata haye. intracranial raktasraav key prakaron mein subdural, subarachnoid, pratyarpan aur intraperenkimal hematoma shamil hain. inn mamalon mein rakt koo nikalkar dabaav koo cumm karane key liye chraniotomy sergery kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
mastishk kii chot prabhaav sthal parr hoe sakati haye, lekin "contracope" prabhaav key kaaran khopadi key vipareet paksh mein bhee hoe sakati haye (sir parr prabhaav mastishk koo khopadi key bheetar sthanantarit curr sakata haye, jisase mastishk khopadi key aantarik hisse koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye. jabaki khopadi mein chot key usee sthaan parr mastishk parr prabhaav takhtapalat kaa prabhaav haye. yadi prabhaav seey sir hill jaataa haye, tou chot aur kharaab hoe sakati haye, kyonki mastishk khopadi key ander adhik prabhaav daal sakata haye, yaa mastishk apekshaakrit sthir reh sakata haye (jadata key kaaran) lekin chalati khopadi seey maaraa jaa sakata haye (donon vipareet chotein hain).
sir kii chot key baad vishisht samasyaon mein shamil hoe sakate hain
aghaat.
ack aghaat ack halke dardanaak mastishk kii chot (tii. bee. aaee.) kaa ack roop haye. yeh chot sir parr ack prahaar key kaaran hoti haye joe vyakti key shaaririk, sangyanatmak aur bhaavnaatmak vyavhaar koo aniyamit banaa sakati haye. lakshnon mein anaadeepan, thakan, bhram, matali, dhundhali drishti, sirdard aur anya shamil hoe sakate hain. halke aghaat seekwal seey judey hotey hain. vibhinn aghaat shrenikaran pranaliyon kaa upayog karke gambhirta koo maapa jaataa haye.
thodi adhik chot entarograde aur pratigaami smritibhransh (chot seey pahale yaa baad kii ghatnaaon koo yaad rakhane mein asamarthata) donon seey judee hoti haye. smritibhransh kii matra chot kii gambhirta key saath sambandhit haye. sabhi mamalon mein, rogiyon mein post concussion syndrome vikasit hotaa haye, jisamen smriti samasyaaen, chakkar aanaa, thakan, bimari aur avasaad shamil hain. mastishk aghaat bachchon mein dekhi jaane vaali sabse aam sir kii chot haye.
intracranial raktasraav.
intracranial raktasraav key prakaron koo motey taur parr intra-akshiya aur atirikt-akshiya mein vargeekrit kiya jaataa haye. raktasraav koo ack kendriya mastishk kii chot maanaa jaataa haye; yaani, yeh ack vyaapak kshetra mein failati kshati key bajaay ack sthaaniya sthaan parr hotaa haye.
antah-akshiya raktasraav.
antah-akshiya raktasraav mastishk key bheetar hii raktasraav yaa mastishk raktasraav haye. iss shreni mein intraperenkimal raktasraav, yaa mastishk key ootak key bheetar raktasraav, aur antahshira raktasraav, mastishk key nilay (vishesh roop seey samay seey pahale shishuon) key bheetar raktasraav shamil haye. intra-axial raktasraav atirikt-axial raktasraav kii tulanaa mein adhik khatarnak aur ilaaj karane mein kathin hotey hain.
atirikt akshiya raktasraav.
atirikt-akshiya raktasraav, joe khopadi key bheetar lekin mastishk key ootak key baahar hotaa haye, teen upprakaron mein aataa haih
mastishk kaa sandushan.
mastishk kii chot mastishk key ootak parr chot lagaana haye. ghaav key vipareet sandushan mein payamatar kaa ullanghan naheen hotaa haye. adhikansh chotein saamane aur asthaayi khandon mein hoti hain. jatilataon mein mastishk shoth aur transtantorial herniation shamil hoe sakate hain. upchaar kaa lakshya badhe hue intracranial dabaav kaa ilaaj karna honah chaahiye. purvanuman surakshit haye.
failati akshatantu chot.
failati akshatantu chot, yaa daaee, aamtaur parr ack twaran yaa mandata gati key parinamswarup hoti haye, jaruri naheen kii ack prabhaav hoe. jaba mastishk key vibhinn ghanatva vaale bhaag ack dusare parr khisak jaate hain tou akshatantu faile aur kshatigrast hoe jaate hain. nuksan kii seema key aadhar parr purvanuman vyaapak roop seey bhinn hotey hain.
yaugik sir kii chot.
khopadi key asthibhang key saath nirantarta mein khopadi key ghaav aur naram ootak vyavadhaan "yaugik sir kii chot" kaa gathan kartaa haye, aur sankraman kii uchch darr, pratikool tantrika parinam, vilambit daure, mrityu darr aur aspatal mein rahane kii avadhi hoti haye.
sanket aur lakshan.
mastishk kii choton kii gambhirta koo vargeekrit karane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali teen shreniyan halki, madhyam yaa gambhir hain.
mastishk kii halki chotein.
mastishk kii halki chot key lakshnon mein sirdard, bhram, kaana kii ghanti bajana, thakan, neend key pattern mein parivartan, manodasha yaa vyavhaar shamil hain. anya lakshnon mein smriti, ekagrata, dhyaan yaa soch mein pareshani shamil haye. mansik thakan ack samanya durbal karane vaalaa anubhav haye aur rogi dwara mool (mamuli) ghatana seey jodaa naheen jaa sakata haye. narcolepsy aur neend sambandhi vikaar aam galat nidan hain.
madhyam/gambhir mastishk chotein.
sangyanatmak lakshnon mein bhram, aakramak, asamanya vyavhaar, aspasht bhaashan aur komaa yaa chetna key anya vikaar shamil hain. shaaririk lakshnon mein sirdard shamil haye joe door naheen jaataa haye yaa kharaab naheen hotaa haye, ulti yaa matali, ainthan yaa daure, aankho kaa asamanya failaav, neend seey jaagane mein asamarthata, charam seemaon mein kamjori aur samanvaya kii haani. mastishk kii gambhir choton key mamalon mein, sthaayi akshamta vaale kshetron kii sambhavana bahut adhik hoti haye, jisamen tantrika sangyanatmak kamee, bhram (aksar, vishisht honey key liye, ack ganitiya bhram), bhaashan yaa andolan kii samasyaaen, aur bauddhik akshamta shamil hain. vyaktitva mein bhee parivartan hoe sakate hain. sabse gambhir mamalon key parinamswarup komaa yaa yahaan taka kii lagaatar vanaspati sthiti hoti haye.
bachchon mein lakshan.
bachchon mein dekhe gaye lakshnon mein khaane kii aadton mein parivartan, lagaatar chidchidaapan yaa udasi, dhyaan mein parivartan, neend kii aadton mein vyavadhaan, yaa khilaunon mein ruchi kaa nuksan shamil hain.
prastuti chot key anusaar bhinn hoti haye. sir key aghaat vaale kuchh rogi sthir hoe jaate hain aur anya rogi bigad jaate hain. ack rogi tantrika sambandhi kamee key saath yaa usake binaa upasthit hoe sakata haye. aghaat vaale rogiyon mein sekand seey minaton taka behoshi kaa itihas hoe sakata haye, phir samanya uttejana hoe sakati haye. drishti aur santulan mein gadbadi bhee hoe sakati haye. sir kii chot key samanya lakshnon mein komaa, bhram, unindapan, vyaktitva parivartan, daure, matali aur ulti, sirdard aur ack spasht antaral shamil hain, jisake dauran ack rogi hosh mein aataa haye aur baad mein bigad jaataa haye.
khopadi key fracture key lakshnon mein shamil hoe sakate hainh
kyonki mastishk kii chotein jeevan key liye khatarnak hoe sakati hain, yahaan taka kii mamuli choton vaale logon koo bhee, binaa kissy dhyaan dene yogya sanket yaa shikayat key, karibi avalokan kii aavashyakta hoti haye; unhein baad mein gambhir lakshnon kaa mauka milata haye. aspatal seey riha kiye gaye halke aghaat vaale rogiyon kii dekhbhal karane vaalon koo aksar agale 12 seey 24 ghanton key dauran rogi koo kaee baar jagaane kii salah dee jaati haye taaki bigadate lakshnon kaa aaklan kiya jaa sakey.
glassgo komaa scale (jee. see. aiss.) behoshi kii degree koo maapane key liye ack upkaran haye aur iss prakaar chot kii gambhirta nirdhaarit karane key liye ack upayogi upkaran haye. baal chikitsa glassgo komaa scale kaa upayog chhote bachchon mein kiya jaataa haye. vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaane vaalaa peacorn pediatric haid injury/trauma algorithm rogiyon key baare mein kaee karakon koo dekhate hue naidaanik setting mein imaging key jokhim-laabh koo taulane mein chikitsakon kii madad kartaa haye-jisamen tantra/chot kaa sthaan, rogi kii umr aur jee. see. aiss. score shamil hain.
mastishk kshati kaa sthaan lakshnon kii bhavishyavani kartaa haye.
mastishk kii choton key lakshan chot key sthaan seey bhee prabhaavit hoe sakate hain aur parinamswarup, haani mastishk key prabhaavit hisse key liye vishisht hoti haye. ghaav kaa aakar gambhirta, punarpraapti aur samajh key saath sahsambaddh haye. mastishk kii chotein aksar haani yaa akshamta paida karati hain joe gambhirta mein bahut bhinn hoe sakati hain.
adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii mastishk key ghaav aur bhasha, bhaashan aur shreni-vishisht vikaaron key beach ack sahsambandh haye. vernick kaa afacia anomia, anajaane mein shabd banaane (navshabd) aur samajh key saath samasyaon seey judaa huaa haye. vernick key afacia key lakshan uchchatar laukik garrus key pashch bhaag koo nuksan key kaaran hotey hain.
broka key kshetra koo nuksan aamtaur parr karyatmak shabdon (agrematism) koo chhodane, dhwani utpaadan parivartan, dyslexia, dysgraphia aur samajh aur utpaadan key saath samasyaon jaise lakshan paida kartaa haye. broka kaa afacia mastishk key pashch nimnatar agra agra garrus koo nuksan kaa sanket haye.
mastishk key ack kshetra koo nuksan key baad ack haani kaa matlab yeh naheen haye kii kshatigrast kshetra sangyanatmak prakriya key liye poori tarah seey jimmedaar haye joe bigadi hui haye. udaaharan key liye, shuddh alexia mein, padhane kii kshamata koo baaen drishya kshetra aur daahine drishya kshetra aur bhasha kshetron (broka kaa kshetra aur vernick kaa kshetra) key beach sambandh donon koo nuksan pahunchaane vaale ghaav dwara nasht curr diyaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, iska matlab yeh naheen haye kii shuddh alexia vaalaa koee vyakti bhaashan koo samajhane mein asamarth haye-kewal yeh kii unake kaam karane vaale drishya prantstha aur bhasha kshetron key beach koee sambandh naheen haye-jaisa kii iss tathya seey pradarshit hotaa haye kii shuddh alexic abhee bhee aksharon koo likh sakate hain, boll sakate hain, aur yahaan taka kii unakaa arth samajhe binaa bhee likh sakate hain. fuciform gyrus key ghaavon key parinamswarup aksar prosopagnosia hotaa haye, joe chehare aur anya jatil vastuon koo ack dusare seey alag karane mein asamarthata haye. amigdala mein ghaav kshetra key saath bhaya key jawab mein pashch aur fuciform drishya kshetron mein dekhe gaye badhe hue sakriyan koo samaapt curr denge. amigdala ghaav una kshetron mein sakriyan key karyatmak pattern koo bhaavnaatmak uttejana mein badal dete hain joe amigdala seey door hain.
drishya prantstha key anya ghaavon kaa nuksan key sthaan key aadhar parr alag-alag prabhaav padata haye. udaaharan key liye, v1 key ghaav, mastishk key vibhinn kshetron mein aankh kii roshni kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain, joe ghaav key aakar aur kailkareen daraar key saapeksh sthaan parr nirbhar kartaa haye. v4 key ghaav rung-andhaapan kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain, aur mt/v5 key liye dwaipaakshik ghaav gati koo samajhane kii kshamata key nuksan kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain. parshvika khandon mein ghaavon key parinamswarup agnosia, jatil vastuon, gandh, yaa aakaron koo pahchaanane mein asamarthata, yaa anakar sanshleshan, shareer key vipareet paksh parr dhaarana kaa nuksan hoe sakata haye.
kaaran.
sir kii chotein kaee karanon seey hoe sakati hain. inn sabhi karanon koo dou shreniyon mein rakhaa jaa sakata haye jinka upayog sir kii choton koo vargeekrit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye; way joe prabhaav (prahaar) seey hotey hain aur way joe hilane seey hotey hain. aghaat key kaaran sir mein chot lagane key samanya kaaran motor vaahan yatayat takkar, ghar aur vyaavsaayik durghatanaaen, girna, hamla aur khel seey sambandhit durghatanaaen hain. hilane seey sir kii chotein shishuon aur bachchon mein sabse aam hain.
sanyukt raajya see. dee. see. key anusaar, 32 pratishat dardanaak mastishk kii chotein (ack aur, adhik vishisht, sir kii choton key liye shabd) girane key kaaran hoti hain, 10 pratishat hamalon key kaaran, 16.5% kissy cheez seey yaa usake khilaf lagane seey, 17 pratishat motor vaahan durghatanaon seey, aur 21 pratishat anya/agyaat tarikon seey hoti hain. isake alawa, chot kii uchchatam darr aaee. dee. 1 seey cumm umr key bachchon aur 65 varsh aur usase adhik umr key vayaskon mein haye. mastishk kii choton mein mastishk kii kshati bhee vishaakt rasayanon, oxygen kii kamee, tumour, sankraman aur stroke key sampark mein aaney seey hoe sakati haye. vyaapak mastishk kshati key sambhaavit karanon mein janm hypoxia, lambe samay taka hypoxia (oxygen kii kamee), terratogen (sharaab sahit) dwara vishaaktata, sankraman aur tantrika sambandhi bimari shamil hain. mastishk tumour intracranial dabaav badhaa sakate hain, jisase mastishk koo nuksan hoe sakata haye.
nidan.
sir kii chot kaa nidan karane key liye kuchh tarikon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. ack swaasthya seva peshevar rogi seey chot key aspas ghoomate hue prashn poochhega aur saath hii yeh nirdhaarit karane mein madad karane key liye prashn poochhega kii chot kiss tarah seey kaary koo prabhaavit curr rahee haye. iss sunavaai key alawa, drishti, santulan aur prativart kaa aaklan chot kii gambhirta key sanketak key roop mein bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. una sabhi logon mein joe madhyam yaa gambhir sir kii chot seey peedit hain, unake sir kaa ack gair-vipareet ct turant kiya jaanaa chaahiye. ct ack imaging takneek haye joe doctors koo binaa sergery key sir key ander dekhane kii anumati detee haye taaki yeh nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakey kii mastishk mein aantarik raktasraav yaa soojan haye yaa naheen. computed tomography (ct) apani sateekta, vishvasaniyata, suraksha aur vyaapak upalabdhata key kaaran sir key aghaat key liye pasand kaa naidaanik tarika bunn gayaa haye. sookshm parisancharan mein parivartan, bigada huaa swatah-niyaman, mastishk shoth, aur akshatantu kii chot jaise hii sir kii chot hoti haye aur naidaanik, jaiv rasayanik aur vikiran sambandhi parivartanon key roop mein prakat hoti haye. yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye kii kyaa kissy key mastishk mein asamanya vriddhi yaa tumour haye yaa yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye kii kyaa rogi koo stroke huaa haye, ack aim. aar. aaee. bhee aayojit kiya jaa sakata haye.
glassgo komaa scale (jee. see. aiss.) sabse vyaapak roop seey upayog kii jaane vaali ank pranali haye jiska upayog mastishk kii chot kii gambhirta key star kaa aaklan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. yeh vidhi mastishk kii chot kii gambhirta koo nirdhaarit karane key liye vishisht lakshnon key vastunishth avlokanon parr adharit haye. yeh teen lakshnon parr adharit haye-aankh kholane vaali, maukhik pratikriya aur motor pratikriya, jaisa kii neeche varnit haye. glassgo komaa paimaane kii gambhirta key aadhar parr nimnanusar vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye, gambhir mastishk choton kaa score 3-8, madhyam mastishk choton kaa score 9-12 aur halka score 13-15.
kaee imaging takneeken hain joe mastishk kshati key vistaar kaa nidan aur aaklan karane mein sahaayata curr sakati hain, jaise kii computed tomography (ct) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (mri), diffusion tensor imaging (dti) aur magnetic resonance spectroscopy (mrs), positron utsarjan tomography (pett), ekal-photon utsarjan tomography (spect). ct scan aur mri dou takneeken hain jinka vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye aur yeye sabse prabhaavi hain. ct scan mastishk mein raktasraav, khopadi key fracture, mastishk mein taral padaarth kaa nirmaan dikhaa sakate hain jisase kapaal kaa dabaav badh jaayega. aim. aar. aaee. chhoti choton kaa behtar pataa lagaane, mastishk key bheetar kshati kaa pataa lagaane, failati akshatantu kii chot, mastishk key tantra, pashch fosa aur upa-baahya aur upa-agra kshetron mein choton kaa pataa lagaane mein saksham haye. haalaanki, pacemaker, dhaatu pratyaropan, yaa apane shareer key bheetar anya dhaatu vaale rogi aim. aar. aaee. karane mein asamarth hotey hain. aam taur parr anya imaging takneekon kaa upayog naidaanik setting mein laagat, upalabdhata kii kamee key kaaran naheen kiya jaataa haye.
prabandhan.
adhikansh sir kii chotein saumya prakriti kii hoti hain aur acetaminophen jaise analgesic seey parey kissy upchaar kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. ibuprofen jaisi gair-steroidal dard nivaarak davaaon seey bachaa jaataa haye kyonki way kissy bhee sambhaavit raktasraav koo badatar banaa sakate hain. mastishk kii mamuli choton key uchch jokhim key kaaran, intracranial raktasraav jaisi sambhaavit jatilataon key liye karibi nigrani. yadi aghaat seey mastishk gambhir roop seey kshatigrast hoe gayaa haye, tou ack tantrika shalya chikitsa mulyankan upayogi hoe sakata haye. upchaar mein uchch intracranial dabaav koo niyantrit karna shamil hoe sakata haye. isamen shaamak, pakshaghat, pramastishkameru drav kaa vichalan shamil hoe sakata haye. doosari pankti key vikalpon mein apghatankari chraniactomy (jagannathan aitt all) shamil hain. baal roga rogiyon mein shuddh 65 pratishat anukool parinam darr), barbiturate komaa, hypertonic seline aur hypothermia paaya gayaa. haalaanki inn sabhi vidhiyon key sambhaavit laabh hain, lekin koee yaadrichhik adhyayan naheen huaa haye jisane spasht laabh dikhaaya haye.
chikitsak aksar naidaanik nirnay samarthan niyamon jaise kii kanadian ct haid ruul yaa nyu orleans/charity haid injury/trauma ruul seey paramarsh karenge taaki yeh taya kiya jaa sakey kii kyaa rogi koo kewal aage key imaging adhyayan yaa avalokan kii aavashyakta haye. iss kshetra mein pratikool ghatnaaon key jokhim koo dekhate hue sateekta sunishchit karane key liye aamtaur parr badey rogi samoohon key saath kaee shodh samoohon dwara iss tarah key niyamon kaa gaharaai seey adhyayan kiya jaataa haye.
mastishk kii chot kii dawa key liye ack upa-vishishtata pramanan upalabdh haye joe mastishk kii chot key upchaar mein visheshagyata kaa sanket detaa haye.
purvanuman.
roga kaa purvanuman, yaa kissy vikaar kii sambhaavit pragati, mastishk kshati kii prakriti, sthaan aur kaaran parr nirbhar karati haye (aaghaatjanak mastishk kii chot, kendra aur faile hue mastishk kii chot, praathamik aur maadhyamik mastishk kii chot dekhein).
binaa kissy jatilata key sir parr mamuli choton vaale bachchon mein agale varsh mein intracranial raktasraav kaa khatra prati 10 laakh mein 2 mamalon mein durlabh haye. kuchh mamalon mein kshanik tantrika sambandhi gadbadi hoe sakati haye, joe minaton seey ghanton taka rahati haye. ghaatak post traumatic cerebral soojan chot key baad sthir rogiyon mein apratyaashit roop seey vikasit hoe sakati haye, jaisa kii post-traumatic daure hoe sakate hain. tantrika sambandhi kamee vaale bachchon mein swaasthya laabh alag-alag hoga. neurological kamee vaale bachche joe pratidin sudhaar karate hain, unake thheek honey kii sambhavana adhik hoti haye, jabaki joe maheenon taka vanaspati hain, unake sudhaar kii sambhavana cumm hoti haye. binaa kamee key adhikansh rogiyon koo poori tarah seey thheek hoe jaataa haye. haalaanki, joe vyakti ack ghante yaa usase adhik samay taka behoshi key parinamswarup sir mein aghaat mahsoos karate hain, unhein baad mein jeevan mein alzheimer roga honey kaa doguna khatra hotaa haye.
sir kii chot gardan kii chot seey judee hoe sakati haye. peeth yaa gardan parr chot, gardan kaa dard, yaa baahon mein nikalane vaalaa dard grieva kii reedh kii chot key sanket hain aur grieva key collar aur sambhavatah ack lambe board key anuprayog key madhyam seey reedh kii huddy key sthir honey kii yogyata haye. yadi tantrika sambandhi pariksha samanya haye tou yeh aashvast karane vaalaa haye. yadi bigadata sirdard, daura, ektarafa kamjori, yaa lagaatar ulti hoe rahee haye tou punarmulyankan kii aavashyakta haye.
sir ct scan key atyadhik upayog seey nipatane key liye nakaratmak intracranial raktasraav parinam, joe anaavashyak roop seey rogiyon koo vikiran key liye ujagar kartaa haye aur aspatal mein samay badhaata haye aur yatra kii laagat, kaee naidaanik nirnay samarthan niyam vikasit kiye gaye hain taaki chikitsakon koo ack mareej koo scan karane key vikalp koo taulane mein madad mill sakey. inmein seey kanadai haid ct niyam, peccarn haid injury/trauma algorithm, aur nyu orleans/charity haid injury/trauma niyam sabhi chikitsakon koo aasaani seey praapt jaankaari aur gair-aakramak prathaon kaa upayog karke inn nirnayon koo lene mein madad karate hain.
mastishk kii choton kaa parinam mein anuman lagaana bahut kathin haye. roga kaa purvanuman kii sambhavana nirdhaarit karane key liye kaee parikshanon aur visheshagyon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. mastishk koo mamuli kshati vaale logon key kamjor karane vaale dushprabhaav hoe sakate hain; naa kii kewal gambhir mastishk kshati key kamjor karane vaale prabhaav hotey hain. mastishk kii chot key dushprabhaav sthaan aur chot key prati shareer kii pratikriya parr nirbhar karate hain. yahaan taka kii ack halke aghaat key deerghakaalik prabhaav hoe sakate hain joe hull naheen hoe sakate hain.
itihas.
maanav vyavhaar aur mastishk kii chot koo samajhane kii neenv kaa shreya feenas gaze key mamle aur paul broka dwara prasiddh cases studdy koo diyaa jaa sakata haye. feenas gaze key sir kii chot parr pahala cases studdy itihas mein sabse aashcharyajanak mastishk choton mein seey ack haye. 1848 mein, finias gaze ack naee rail line key liye raasta banaa rhaa thaa jaba usey apane saamane key hisse seey seedhe ack temping lohe key aakasmik visfot kaa saamana karna padaa. gaze koo bauddhik roop seey aprabhaavit lekin chot lagane key baad key vyavhaar sambandhi kamiyon kaa udaaharan maanaa gayaa. inn kamiyon mein shamil hainh chhitput, apmaanjanak, behad apavitra honah, aur anya shramikon key liye koee sammaan naheen denaa. farwari 1860 mein gaze koo daure padane lagey, kewal chaar maheene baad 21 maee 1860 koo usaki mrityu hoe gaee.
duss saal baad, paul broka ney dou rogiyon kii jaanch kii joe saamane key hisse mein choton key kaaran kharaab bolane vaale they. broka key pahale rogi mein utpaadak bhaashan kii kamee thee. unhone ise bhasha sthaaniyakaran koo sambodhit karane key avsar key roop mein dekhaa. yeh taba taka naheen thaa jaba taka kii leborn, jise aupchaarik roop seey "tain" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, kii mrityu hoe gaee jaba broka ney shav pareekshan seey frontal lobe ghaav kii pushti kii. dusare rogi koo bhasha sthaaniyakaran parr apane nishkarshon kaa samarthan karate hue, isi tarah kii bolane kii haani thee. donon mamalon key parinam bhaashan aur baaen mastishk golardh key beach sambandh kaa ack mahatvapurna satyapan bunn gaye. prabhaavit kshetron koo aaj broka kshetra aur broka afacia key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
kuchh saal baad, ack german tantrika vigyaani, carle vernick ney ack stroke rogi seey paramarsh kiya. rogi koo naa tou bolane mein aur naa hii sunane mein haani kaa anubhav huaa, lekin mastishk mein kuchh kamee thee. inn kamiyon mein shamil theh unase joe kahaa gayaa thaa usey samajhane kii kshamata kii kamee aur likhe gaye shabd. unaki mrityu key baad, vernick ney unake shav pareekshan kii jisamen baaen laukik kshetra mein sthit ack ghaav paaya gayaa. iss kshetra koo vernick kshetra key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. vernick ney baad mein vernick key kshetra aur broka key kshetra key beach sambandh kii parikalpana kii, joe kii tathya saabit huaa.
mahamari vigyaan.
kaee deshon mein sir kii chot maut kaa pramukh kaaran haye.