
tommus lopez dee victoria

tommus lopez dee victoria (1911-????) ack raajneetik karyakarta aur ganarajya key cadets key upa-commander they. yeye cadet puerto rican rashtravadi party key bheetar aadhikarik yuva sangathan they. unhein "azercito libertador dee puerto rico" (puerto rico kii mukti senaa) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa.
21 march, 1937 koo, lopage dee victoria ney cadets kii pones shakha key kaptan key roop mein, pones shahar mein ack shantipurna march mein apane samooh kaa netritva kiya. march ack khooni pulis vadh mein badal gayaa jise pones narsamhar key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jaba pulis ney rashtravadiyon aur nirdosh darshakon key khilaf apane hathiyaron seey golibari kii, jisamen 18 puerto rican maare gaye aur 200 seey adhik anya ghayal hoe gaye.
30 octuber, 1950 koo puerto rico mein yuu key khilaf bikhare hue sthaanon mein vidrohon kii ack shrinkhala hui.aiss. aupaniveshik shasson. inhen puerto rican rashtravadi party vidroh key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. 30 octuber key usa dinn, lopez dee victoria ney aresibo shahar mein rashtravadi vidroh kaa netritva kiya.
praarambhik varsh.
lopez dee victoria (janm naam tommus lopez dee victoria laboy) kaa janm puerto rico key juana diaz shahar mein huaa thaa. unake janm key turant baad, unaki maan reetaa laboy aur bahan puraa ponse shahar key barrio quarto mein apani daadi key ghar chaley gaye. vahaan unhone apani praathamik aur maadhyamik shiksha praapt kii.
ganarajya key cadet.
17 sitambar, 1922 koo sthaapit puerto rican rashtravadi party ack raajneetik dall haye jiska mukhya uddeshya puerto rican kii swatantrata key liye kaam karna haye. lopez dee victoria kii bahan puraa, party key ponsey nagar nigam key adhikaariyon key board key sadasya they.
lopez dee victoria key raajneetik aadarsh unaki bahan aur sthaaniya rashtravadi netaa jose anamorado cuesta seey prabhaavit they, jinhone unhein party adhyaksh donn pedro albizu campos kii shikshaon seey parichit karaaya. 1932 mein, lopez dee victoria ney ponse key nagar nigam key adhikaariyon key adhyaksh euphamio rodrigues perez key saamane rashtravadi party key prati nishtha kii shapath lii.
lopez dee victoria puerto rican free messon key sadasyon dwara sthaapit pones mein freemason lodge key sadasya they, joe puerto rican swatantrata key samarthak bhee they. rashtravadi party key sadasya key roop mein, unhein ganarajya key cadets kii pones shakha mein bharti kiya gayaa thaa.
ganarajya key cadet, jinhen spanish mein "cadets day laa republica" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, puerto rican rashtravadi party kaa ack ardh-sainya yuva sangathan thaa. puerto rico kii mukti senaa" (agercito libertador dee puerto rico) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, "way 1930 key dashak mein dow. pedro albizu campos.
cadet ummidvaaron koo rashtravadi nagar nigam board key adhyaksh dwara party key aadarsh sikhaae gaye. taba unhein pee. aar. aine. pee. key prati nishtha kii shapath lene kii aavashyakta thee. maukhik shapath grahan samaroh key dauran cadets koo rashtravadi dhwaj parr ack haath rakhna padata thaa, joe swayam prateekaatmak thaa.
jhande mein ack safed kailatrava cross dikhaaya gayaa thaa, jise kaale rung kii prishthabhoomi key beach mein cross shaktishali key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. caltrava key cross kaa upayog pahale caltrava key dharmyuddhkariyon dwara aur baad mein francisi krantikariyon dwara kiya gayaa thaa. kaali prishthabhoomi aupaniveshik kaid mein puerto rican rashtra key shoke kaa prateek thee.
cadets ney rashtravadi party key prati wafadar rahane aur party dwara aayojit saarvajanik gatividhiyon mein bhaag lene kii kasam khaai. kuchh logon key anusaar, unhone sanyukt raajya america kii sarkaar koo ukhaad fenkane kii kasam naheen khaai. haalaanki, unhone aupaniveshik shasson seey puerto rico kii swatantrata key liye ladane kaa sankalp liya, joe bhee aavashyak hoe.
ack cadet key roop mein, lopez dee victoria ney apana sainya prashikshan ack cadet drill prashikshak, jose anamorado cuesta seey praapt kiya. lopez dee victoria ney sainya abhyaas kaa abhyaas kiya aur unhein sainya ranneeti sikhai gaee. unhone apane prashikshan key dauran lakadi kii rifle kaa istemal kiya.
commandant anamorado cuesta lopez dee victoria key kaushal seey prabhaavit they aur antatah unhein pones mein cadets kaa kaptan naamit kiya. lopez dee victoria ney apane samooh kii sainya sangathanaatmak sanrachana aur apani party key aadarshon key liye khud koo poori tarah seey samarpit curr diyaa.
pones narsamhar.
3 aprail, 1936 koo, ack sanghiya grand juurii ney pedro albizu campos, juan antonio corretzer, luis aff key khilaf aarop lagaae. velazquez, clemente soto wellays, irasmo velazquez, julio aich. velazquez, raafel ortiz pacheko, juan gallardo santiago aur pablo rosado ortiz. una parr rajdroh aur sanyukt raajya sanhita key sheershak 18 key anya ullanghan kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. sanyukt raajya sanhita kaa sheershak 18 sanyukt raajya america kii sanghiya sarkaar kaa aaparaadhik aur dund sanhita haye. yeh sanghiya apraadhon aur aaparaadhik prakriya seey sambandhit haye.
rashtravadi party aur cadet gulami key unmoolan key uplakshya mein aur pedro albizu campo sahit apane netaaon koo jail mein daalane key virodh mein 21 march, 1937 koo ponse mein ack shantipurna pared kaa jashn manana chaahte they. 
nirdhaarit taad ravivaar march seey kaee dinn pahale, ganarajya key cadets key sainya prashikshak casimiro berenger koo pared key saath aage badhane key liye pones meyer tormos diego seey anumati millie. haalaanki, niyojit virodh key baare mein jaanane parr, usa samay puerto rico key aupaniveshik governor, general blanton winship (jinhen america key rashtrapati franklin delano roozvelt dwara niyukt kiya gayaa thaa) ney permit koo turant vaapas lene kii maang kii.
ayojakon koo binaa kissy soochana key, yaa appeal karane key kissy bhee avsar key, yaa kissy bhee samay ack vaikalpik sthal kii vyavastha karane key liye, permit achaanak vaapas leey liye gaye, virodh shuru honey seey thheek pahale curnell orbeta, governor jeet key tahat pulis pramukh, poore dweep seey pulis ikaaiyon koo kendrit karane key liye pones gaye, jisamen unhone dweep key sabhi machine gunners koo shamil kiya.
shantipurna gatividhi key liye upasthit pratibhagiyon mein gantantra key cadets key "commander" (commander), cadets kii pones shakha key sadasya aur rashtravadi party kii mahila shakha jise "hija dey laa liberted" (swatantrata kii betiyaan) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, shamil they.
lopez dee victoria, pared mein cadets key prabhaari they. march shuru honey seey kuchh kshan pahale, dweepeeya pulis key pramukh lopez dee victoria taka chaley gaye aur unhein cadets koo march karane seey rokane kaa adesh diyaa.
lopez dee victoria ney cadet baind koo puerto rican rashtragaan "laa borinkena" bajaane aur apane march koo jaari rakhane kaa adesh dekar pratikriya dee. jaise hii rashtravadiyon ney pulis koo march karna shuru kiya-uttari americi pulis pramukh dwara sashakt aur governor dwara protsaahit-cadets aur darshakon parr samaan roop seey goliyaan chalaa deen. chaar alag-alag sthaanon seey 15 minut seey adhik samay taka dund seey mukt golibari karate hue, unhone purushon, mahilaaon aur bachchon koo maar daala.
narsamhar key dauran cadets key dhwajavaahak koo goli maar dee gaee aur maar diyaa gayaa. carmen fernandez naamak ack yuva ladki jhanda lene key liye aage badhee, lekin goli lagane seey vaha gambhir roop seey ghayal hoe gaee. bolivar markage naamak ack yuva cadet ney ghaatak roop seey ghayal honey key bavjood khud koo ack deewaar parr kheench liya aur apane ghaavon key kaaran marane seey pahale apane khoon seey nimnalikhit sandesh likhaah
pones narsamhar mein unnis loga maare gaye they aur lagbhag 235 ghayal hoe gaye they. marane vaalon mein 17 purush, ack mahila aur ack saat varsheeya ladki shamil hain. marane vaalon mein seey kuchh pradarshankari they, jabaki anya buss rahgir they. kaee logon koo pulis ney peechha kiya aur unake gharon key pravesh dwaar parr goli maar dee yaa unhein pakad liya kyonki way bhaagne kii koshish curr rahey they. anya logon koo unake chhipe hue sthaanon seey leey jaaya gayaa aur maar diyaa gayaa.
puerto rican vidhaayika key ack sadasya, leopold torms ney samvaaddaataon koo bataaya kii kaise ack puliskarmi ney ack rashtravadi kii nange haathon seey hatyaa curr dee. dow. jose aine. ghayalon kii sahaayata karane vaale chikitsakon mein seey ack, gandar ney gawahi dee kii ghayal logon koo goli maar dee gaee thee, aur kaee loga phir seey clubon aur pulis kii nangi mutthi seey ghayal hoe gaye they. ghayal nagrikon key haathon mein naa tou koee hathiyar milaa aur naa hii mrit logon key haathon mein. lagbhag 150 pradarshankariyon koo turant baad mein giraftar curr liya gayaa aur baad mein unhein jamaanat parr riha curr diyaa gayaa.
governor kii jeet key khilaf prayaas.
pones narsamhar key ack saal baad, 25 julaai, 1938 koo, governor winship ney sanyukt raajya america dwara puerto rico key aakraman kaa jashn ack sainya pared key saath manaane kaa faisala kiya. ack sthaan key liye, unhone vishesh roop seey ponse shahar koo chunaa, taaki yeh pradarshit kiya jaa sakey kii unaki "kaanoon aur vyavastha" neeti rashtravadiyon key khilaf safal rahee thee. choonki 19 puerto rikanon koo sirf ack saal pahale pones mein maar diyaa gayaa thaa, isaliye yeh nirnay vinashkari saabit huaa.
rajyapal kii jeet kii hatyaa key prayaas mein grandstand kii or goliyon kii olavrishti key saath pared kaa swaagat kiya gayaa. puerto rican key itihas mein yeh pahali baar thaa jaba kissy governor koo maarne kaa prayaas kiya gayaa thaa. jeet kaa jahaaj butch gayaa, lekin 36 anya loga ghayal hoe gaye.
marane vaalon mein rashtravadi doot esteban antongiorgi aur national gaard curnell luis irizeri shamil they. rashtravadi party dwara hamale mein kissy bhee tarah kii bhagidari seey incar karane key bavjood, kaee rashtravadiyon koo giraftar kiya gayaa aur nau parr "hatyaa aur hinsa bhadkane kii sajish" kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa."nau rashtravadiyon key abhiyukton mein lopage dee victoria aur saathi cadet eliphaaz escobar, santiago gonzalez castro, juan pietry aur prudencio segra shamil they.
winship ney rashtravadiyon key khilaf yuddh kii ghoshana karane key liye aage badhana shuru kiya, jiss parr usa samay shikago vishvavidyalaya key ack chhaatr jaim benitase ney rashtrapati roozvelt koo ack patra likhaa, jise iss prakaar padhaa gayaah "mujhe joe baat kahana haye vaha yeh haye kii governor [winship] ney khud cheejon key prati apane sainya drishtikon key madhyam seey puerto rico koo ashanti kii anaavashyak sthiti mein rakhane mein madad kii haye. aisaa lagata haye kii puerto rico kii raajneetik samasya khud koo apane aur rashtravadiyon key beach kii ladaai taka seemit karati haye, kii usa ladaai mein koee bhee baadha naheen haye aur baaki sabhi koo baahar rehna chaahiye. vaastav mein unhone rashtravadi khel khela haye aur unhone unakaa khel khela haye.
jeet ney kaee rashtravadiyon koo jail mein daal diyaa, jinhone puerto rico kii raajya jail mein 8 saal taka seva kii. choonki yeh kaarravaai anyaaypurna thee, isaliye agale governor rexford gaay tugwell koo inn rashtravadiyon koo maaf karane key liye majboor honah padaa.
1950 key dashak mein rashtravadi party ney vidroh kiya.
1950 key dashak taka, lopez dee victoria ney cadets key "curnell-sub-commander" kaa pada sambhala, joe sangathan mein diaz pacheko key baad dusare sthaan parr thaa. cadets mein sadasyata utpeedan key parinamswarup cumm honey luggy, jiska saamana cadet sanyukt raajya america kii sthaaniya aur sanghiya agencies dwara kiya jaataa thaa. 1950 key dashak mein ganarajya key cadets kaa aadhikarik padanukram nimnalikhit thaah
sarkaar aur party key beach vibhinn ghatnaaon key kaaran puerto rico parr sanyukt raajya sarkaar key shasson key khilaf puerto rican rashtravadi party dwara sashastr vidroh kaa ahwan kiya gayaa.
vidrohon ney vishesh roop seey puerto rico key tathaakathit "mukt sambaddh raajya" ("estado libre associado") padnam koo aswikar curr diyaa-ack padnam jise vyaapak roop seey ack aupaniveshik prahasan key roop mein maanyata praapt haye.
vidroh, jinhen 1950 key dashak key puerto rican rashtravadi party vidroh key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, 30 octuber, 1950 koo rashtravadi netaa albizu campos key adesh parr shuru huaa, jisamen vibhinn shaharon mein vidroh hue, jinamen aresibo, maayaaguez, naranjito, penuelas aur ponse shamil they. sabse ullekhaniya vidroh utuado, jayuya aur saine juan mein hue.
aff. bee. aaee. dwara yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa kii 40 pratishat cadet sadasyon ney vidrohon mein bhaag liya thaa. unhone vidroh kii harr ghatana mein bhaag liya, halanki jinn adhik ullekhaniya ghatnaaon mein cadet shamil they, unamen nimnalikhit shamil theh
lopez dee victoria ney aresibo shahar mein vidroh kaa netritva kiya, jise aff. bee. aaee. ney "aresibo ghatana" key roop mein tuchchh bataaya thaa."unhone ack rashtravadi netaa, ismail diaz matos koo sthaaniya pulis station parr hamla karane kaa adesh diyaa. diaz matos ney adesh key anusaar kiya aur bhaagne seey pahale chaar puliskarmiyon koo maar daala. saathi rashtravadi hippolito miranda diaz apane sathiyon key bhaagne kii khabar koo cover karate hue maare gaye they.
diaz matos aur unake samooh koo national gaard dwara pakad liya gayaa aur giraftar curr liya gayaa. giraftar kiye gaye aur hamale key ayojan key aarop mein aaropit cadets mein lopez dee victoria aur aresibo key cadet kaptan juan jaaka hernandez they.
isake baad.
octuber 1950 kaa vidroh yuu dwara upayog kii gaee bhaari shakti key kaaran whiffle rhaa.aiss. sainya, yuu.aiss. national gaard, aff. bee. aaee., see. aaee. aeye. aur puerto rican dweep pulis-yeye sabhi rashtravadiyon key khilaf ekjut they. iss bull mein rashtravadiyon aur cadets kii samaan roop seey machine-shooting aur jayuya aur utuado shaharon parr havaai bambari shamil thee.
sanyukt raajya america key kaanoon ney anivarya kiya kii yuu.aiss. rashtrapati hairi truman puerto rico seey sambandhit sabhi mamalon mein seedhe prabhaari hain. isake alawa, puerto rico key governor, luis munoz marin koo seedhe white house seey paramarsh karane kii aavashyakta thee. lekin aisaa naheen huaa.
isake bajaay, rashtrapati truman ney vidrohon seey khud koo poori tarah seey door curr liya, aur aisaa vyavhaar kiya jaise kii way kabhi naheen hue they. isake alawa, yuu kii khabar.aiss. sainya pratikriya, jisamen darjanon puerto rican maare gaye aur saikadon ghayal hoe gaye, koo puerto rico key baahar failane seey roque diyaa gayaa. isake bajaay, ise puerto rickens key beach kii ghatana kahaa gayaa thaa."
navambar 1950 key madhya taka saikadon cadets aur rashtravadiyon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa thaa, jisamen lopez dee victoria bhee shamil they, aur party kabhi bhee ack jaisi naheen thee. ganarajya key cadets ney puerto rican rashtravadi party key aadhikarik roop seey sangathit sainya anga key roop mein kaary karna bund curr diyaa.
aff. bee. aaee. faailon key anusaar-puerto rico rashtravadi party; (aiss. jey. 100-3; khand. 23), aguedo ramos mendoza (joe kabhi cadets key liye nirdesh key commander key roop mein kaary karate they) aur fostino diaz pacheko (cadet commander ramon diaz pacheko key "bhaai") donon ney aff. bee. aaee. key saath "sahyog" kiya, aur unhein kaee varshon kii avadhi key liye cadets key baare mein mahatvapurna aur nirantar khufiya jaankaari pradaan kii.
inn donon purushon-mendoza aur pacheko-ney aff. bee. aaee. koo ganarajya key cadets kii sadasyata, sanrachana, vitt poshan aur gatividhiyon key baare mein prachur aur vistrit jaankaari pradaan kii. aff. bee. aaee. koo yeh jaankaari pradaan karate hue, donon logon ney rashtravadi andolan koo dhokha diyaa. pacheko ney, nishchit roop seey, apane hii bhaai koo dhokha diyaa.
baad key varshon mein.
soochana kii swatantrata adhiniyam key janadesh key madhyam seey, vartamaan mein yeh gyaat haye kii aff. bee. aaee. aur see. aaee. aeye. ney puerto rican swatantrata andolan key netaaon parr nigrani report key laakhon prishth daayar kiye.
haalaanki, gantantra key cadets key upa-commander tommus lopez dee victoria key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari haye-sivaay isake kii, 1954 mein, vaha abhee bhee sanyukt raajya america kii sanghiya jail mein kaid they.
yeh bhee dekhein.
19veen shatabdi key puerto rican swatantrata andolan key purush netaa
19veen shatabdi kii puerto rican swatantrata andolan kii mahila netaayen
puerto rican rashtravadi party key purush sadasya
puerto rican rashtravadi party kii mahila sadasya
 puerto rican swatantrata andolan seey sambandhit lekh

