
cellular yatayat

iss lekh mein teletraphic maap key mobile cellular network pahalu parr charcha kii gaee haye. mobile radio network mein yatayat kii samasyaaen hoti hain joe nishchit line pee. aiss. tii. aine. key sambandh mein utpann naheen hoti hain. cellular yatayat key mahatvapurna pahaluon mein seva lakshyon kii gunavatta, yatayat kshamata aur cell kaa aakar, varnakramiya dakshata aur kshetrikaran, yatayat kshamata banaam coverage, aur channel holding samay vishleshan shamil hain.
dursanchar network yojana mein teletraphic engineering yeh sunishchit karati haye kii network kii laagat network key upayogkarta koo dee jaane vaali seva (kyu. oh. aiss.) kii gunavatta seey samjhauta kiye binaa cumm seey cumm hoe. engineering kaa yeh kshetra sambhaavyata siddhant parr adharit haye aur iska upayog mobile radio network key saath-saath anya dursanchar network kaa vishleshan karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye.
ack mobile handset joe ack cell mein chala rhaa haye, ack sanket shakti koo record karega joe bhinn hotaa haye. sanket kii taakat dheemi gati seey lupt honey, teji seey lupt honey aur anya sanketon seey hastakshep key adheen haye, jisake parinamswarup vaahak-seey-hastakshep anupaat (see/aaee) kaa ksharan hotaa haye. uchch see/aaee anupaat gunavatta sanchaar pradaan kartaa haye. adhikansh link key bijli niyantran key madhyam seey ishtatam shakti staron kaa upayog karke cellular pranaliyon mein ack achchha see/aaee anupaat praapt kiya jaataa haye. jaba vaahak shakti bahut adhik hoti haye, tou atyadhik hastakshep paida hotaa haye, jisase anya yatayat key liye see/aaee anupaat cumm hoe jaataa haye aur radio upa-pranali kii yatayat kshamata cumm hoe jaati haye. jaba vaahak shakti bahut cumm hoti haye, tou see/aaee bahut cumm hotaa haye aur kyu. oh. aiss. lakshyon koo puuraa naheen kiya jaataa haye.
seva lakshyon kii gunavatta.
jiss samay radio upapranaali key kakshon koo design kiya jaataa haye, seva kii gunavatta (kyu. oh. aiss.) lakshya nirdhaarit kiye jaate hain, jinake liyeh yatayat kii bheed aur avrodh, pramukh coverage kshetra, see/aaee, outage sambhavana, hastaantaran viphalata darr, samagr coll safalata darr, detta darr, deree, aadi.
yatayat bhaar aur cell aakar.
jitna adhik yatayat utpann hoga, grahakon kii seva key liye utane hii adhik aadhar stations kii aavashyakta hogi. ack sadharan cellular network key liye aadhar stations kii sankhya kii sankhya key barabar haye
koshikaaen. yatayat engineer grahakon kii badhati aabaadi koo santusht karane key lakshya koo praapt curr sakata haye
sambandhit kshetra mein kaksh, isaliye isase aadhar stations kii sankhya bhee badhegi. iss vidhi koo koshika vibhajan kahaa jaataa haye (aur kshetrikaran key saath sanyukt)
badhati aabaadi koo sevaayen pradaan karane kaa ekmatra tarika haye. yeh pahale seey maujood koshikaon koo chhote aakaron mein vibhajit karke kaam kartaa haye.
isaliye yatayat kshamata mein vriddhi.
koshika trijya mein kamee koshika koo atirikt yatayat koo samaayojit karane mein saksham banaati haye.
teen padosi stations kii sthaapana key madhyam seey aadhar stations kii sankhya koo cumm karke bhee upkaranon kii laagat mein katauti kii jaa sakati haye.
koshikaaen, vibhinn channel samoohon key saath teen 120° kshetron kii seva karane vaali koshikaaen.
mobile radio network seemit, seemit sansadhanon (upalabdh aavrittiyon key spectrum) key saath sanchaalit hotey hain. inn sansadhanon koo honah chaahiye
yeh sunishchit karane key liye prabhaavi dhang seey upayog kiya jaataa haye kii sabhi upayogkarta seva praapt karein, yaani seva kii gunavatta lagaatar bunny rahey. ise dhyaan seey seemit spectrum kaa upayog karane kii aavashyakta haye, jisase mobile network mein koshikaon kaa vikas huaa haye, jisase koshikaon key kramik samoohon dwara aavritti kaa punah upayog kiya jaa sakey. upalabdh spectrum kaa kushalata seey upayog karane vaali pranaliyon koo vikasit kiya gayaa haye.jee. jee. aiss. aim. pranali. bernhard walk varnakramiya dakshata koo yatayat key roop mein paribhaashit kartaa haye.
kshamata ikai koo bandwidth aur satah kshetra tatva key utpaad dwara vibhajit kiya jaataa haye, aur yeh radio chainalon kii sankhya parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
prati koshika aur samooh aakar (koshikaon key samooh mein koshikaon kii sankhya):
jahan "n" c prati koshika chainalon kii sankhya haye, bw pranali bandwidth haye, aur "a" c koshika kaa kshetra haye.
yatayat bhaar aur cell key aakar mein cellular mein upkaran kii laagat mein katauti karane key tareeke key roop mein kshetrikaran koo sankshep mein varnit kiya gayaa haye.
network. jaba koshikaon key samoohon parr lagu kiya jaataa haye tou saha-channel hastakshep koo bhee cumm curr detaa haye. yeh haye
kyonki ack dishaatmak aadhar station antina seey peechhe kii or vikiran shakti nyuntam haye aur aasann koshikaon key saath hastakshep cumm hoe jaataa haye.
(chainalon kii sankhya koshikaon kii sankhya key seedhe aanupaatik haye.) sectored antena (dishaatmak) kii adhikatam yatayat kshamata ack kaarak dwara sarvadishaatmak antena kii tulanaa mein adhik haye joe prati koshika (yaa koshika samooh) kshetron kii sankhya haye.
yatayat kshamata banaam coverage.
cellular system pahunch kii chaar alag-alag takneekon (tii. dee. aim. aeye., aff. dee. aim. aeye., see. dee. aim. aeye., aiss. dee. aim. aeye.) mein seey ack yaa adhik kaa upayog karate hain. cellular avadhaaranaon koo dekhein. code vibhajan kaa mamla honey dein
yatayat kshamata aur coverage (koshikaon dwara cover kiya gayaa kshetra) key beach sambandh key liye kaee pahunch parr vichaar kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
see. dee. aim. aeye. cellular system seva kii gunavatta kii keemat parr yatayat kshamata mein vriddhi kii anumati dey sakate hain.
tii. dee. aim. aeye./aff. dee. aim. aeye. cellular radio pranaliyon mein, grahakon koo channel aavantit karane key liye nishchit channel aavantan (aff. see. aeye.) kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. fca mein
cell mein chainalon kii sankhya usa cell mein grahakon kii sankhya key bavjood sthir rahati haye. iss parinam mein
yatayat kii bheed aur kuchh coll taba khou jaate hain jaba yatayat bhaari hoe jaataa haye.
cellular mein channel aavantan kaa ack behtar tarika
pranali gatishil channel aavantan (dee. see. aeye.) haye joe jee. aiss. aim., dee. see. aiss. dwara samarthit haye.
aur anya pranaaliyan. dee. see. aeye. ack haye
naa kewal burstee cell traffic koo sambhaalane key liye balki cellular radio sansadhanon kaa kushalata seey upayog karane key liye bhee behtar tarika haye.
dee. see. aeye. ack kaksh mein chainalon kii sankhya koo yatayat bhaar key saath badalane kii anumati detaa haye, isaliye channel kii kshamata koo cumm karane key saath badhaata haye.
laagat.
choonki ack koshika koo aavritti wahan (ee.jee. f1-f7) pratyek upayogkarta key liye, aavrittiyon kii yeh seema haye
usa koshika kii bandwidth, bee. doubleu. yadi vaha cell ack kshetra "aeye" see koo cover kartaa haye, aur pratyek upayogkarta key paas bandwidth bee haye tou chainalon kii sankhya hogi
bee. doubleu./bee. chainalon kaa ghanatva hoga
sootra _ 2. yeh sootra darshaata haye kii jaise-jaise coverage kshetra "a" c badhata haye,
channel kaa ghanatva cumm hoe jaataa haye.
channel samay pakadana.
vaahak-seey-hastakshep anupaat (see/aaee), varnakramiya dakshata aur punah upayog doori jaise mahatvapurna mapdand cellular network kii seva kii gunavatta nirdhaarit karate hain. channel holding time ack aur parameter haye joe cellular network mein seva kii gunavatta koo prabhaavit curr sakata haye, isaliye network kii yojana banaate samay ise maanaa jaataa haye. channel key samay kii ganana karna, halanki, aasaan naheen haye. (yeh vaha samay haye jaba ack mobile station (ms) usee kaksh mein rahata haye.
ack coll). channel holding time isaliye coll holding time seey cumm haye yadi ms ack seey adhik cell kii yatra kartaa haye.
jaise hii hastaantaran hoga aur ms channel koo chhod dega. vyaavhaarik roop seey, channel kaa sateek nirdhaaran karna sambhav naheen haye
samay kaa paalan karna. natijatan, channel key samay vitaran key liye vibhinn model maujood hain. udyog mein, ack achchha anuman
channel key dhaaran kaa samay aamtaur parr network yatayat kshamata nirdhaarit karane key liye paryaapt hotaa haye.
kunji aur smith mein ack pepper channel holding samay koo prati coll handover kii ausat sankhya aur ack seey vibhajit ausat holding samay key barabar honey key roop mein paribhaashit kartaa haye.
aamtaur parr ack ghaatiya model koo anukaran mein saralata key liye channel holding samay kii ganana karane key liye pasand kiya jaataa haye. yeh model vitaran detaa haye
channel holding samay kaa kaary aur yeh ack anuman haye jiska upayog anuman channel holding samay praapt karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. ghaatiya model sahee dhang seey channel key samay koo dhaaran karane key liye model naheen hoe sakata haye
vitaran jaisa kii anya kagjat saabit karane kii koshish curr sakate hain, lekin yeh ack anuman detaa haye. channel holding samay aasaani seey spasht roop seey nirdhaarit naheen kiya jaataa haye, coll holding samay aur upayogkarta kii gatividhiyon koo honah chaahiye
channel koo nihit roop seey samay dene key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa. upayogkarta kii gatishilata aur koshika kaa aakar aur aakar
channel key samay koo rakhane key liye coll avadhi (coll holding samay) key liye ack alag vitaran kaary honah chaahiye. yeh antar atyadhik mobile upayogkartaon aur chhote cell aakar key liye badaa haye. channel key samay aur
coll avadhi sambandh gatishilata aur koshika key aakar seey prabhaavit hotey hain, ack sthir ms aur badey koshika aakar key liye,
channel holding samay aur coll kii avadhi samaan haye.

