
alma wessels johnn

alma wessels johnn (27 sitambar, 1906-8 aprail, 1986) ack americi nurse, samachar patra lekhak, radio aur television vyaktitva aur nagrik adhikaar karyakarta theen. 1906 mein philadelphia mein janmi, vaha hyee school seey snaatak honey key baad nursing kakshaaen lene key liye newyork chully gaeen. unhone 1929 mein harlem aspatal key nursing school mein apana nursing prashikshan puuraa kiya aur harlem aspatal mein shaikshik aur manoranjak karyakramon key nideshak key roop mein padonnat honey seey pahale dou saal taka ack nurse key roop mein kaam kiya. 1938 mein nurses koo sanghbaddh karane kii koshish key liye nikaal diye jaane key baad, vaha vyaavhaarik nurses key liye oopari mainhattan yavka school kii nideshak baneen, joe newyork raajya mein ack school off nursing key nideshak key roop mein seva karane vaali pahali african americi theen. (adaa belle thom ney 1906 aur 1923 key beach nurses key liye linken school key karyavahak nideshak key roop mein kaary kiya thaa). 1944 mein, johnn yuddh samaapt honey taka seva karate hue yuddh seva key liye rashtriya nursing parishad key saath ack vyakhyata aur salaahkaar bunn gaye, aur 1946 seey 1951 mein bhang honey taka rangeen snaatak nurses key rashtriya sangh key antim nideshak they. donon sangathanon mein unaki sthiti ashwet mahilaaon key liye nursing key avsaron kaa vistaar karna aur poore desh mein ashwet nurses koo swaasthya dekhbhal pranali mein ekikrit karna thaa.
1949 mein, johnn ney wnbc parr nirmaan key liye "braun women inn white" sheershak seey ack patkatha likhi, jisase radio aur television mein doosara currier banaa. 1952 mein, unhone newyork mein station doubleu. doubleu. aar. ell. parr "dha homemaker club" prastut kiya. agale varsh, vaha radio aur television mein mahilaaon key sangh key newyork adhyaay key sadasya key roop mein aamantrit honey vaali pahali ashwet radio vyaktitva bunn gaeen. unhone sangathan kii baithakon koo alag-alag suvidhaon mein aayojit karane key liye safaltapurvak abhiyaan chalaaya. 1957 mein, unhein apane show "kishoron key saath kyaa sahee haye" key liye "mccull" kaa golden mike puraskar milaa aur 1959 mein vaha doubleu. doubleu. aar. ell. mein mahila prograaming kii nideshak baneen. radio station mein apane 25 saal key currier mein, unhone gharelu sujhaav, swaasthya dekhbhal salah aur samudayik seva kii jaankaari pradaan karane vaale kaee karyakram likhe aur taiyar kiye. 1970 mein, johnn ney doubleu. pee. aaee. aiss.-tv parr television show mein dikhaai denaa shuru kiya. unhone apane show "black pride" aur "positive black" mein pramukh ashwet hastiyon kaa sakshatkar liya. johnn ney 1986 mein apani mrityu taka kaam kiya aur unhein mukhya roop seey radio mein unaki agrani bhoomika key liye yaad kiya jaataa haye.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
alma wessels kaa janm 27 sitambar, 1906 koo philadelphia, pensylvania mein hatty (nee teller) aur joseph wessels key ghar huaa thaa. vaha nau bhaai-bahanon key parivaar seey aaee thee, joe garibi seey joojh rahey they. baarah saal kii umr mein unaki maan kii mrityu hoe gaee aur sabse badey bachche key roop mein, wessels ney apane chhote bhaai-bahanon koo paalane mein madad kii. unake pitaa ack badhai they aur wessels paise kamaane key liye gharelu aur sabji chhilka banaane vaale key roop mein kaam karate they. parivaar ney marcus garve dwara prakaashit "nigro worled" padhaa, jisane unake kaary naitikta aur jaatiya gaurav koo dridhata seey prabhaavit kiya. hyee school seey snaatak honey key baad, vaha nursing kaa adhyayan karane key liye newyork shahar chully gaeen. unhone 1926 mein harlem aspatal key nursing school mein dakhila liya aur 1929 mein snaatak kii upaadhi praapt kii.
carrier.
nursing (1929-1951).
abhyaas karane kaa licenses arjit karane key baad, wessels ney harlem aspatal mein ack nurse key roop mein kaam kiya. 1930 mein, unhein unake liye shaikshik aur manoranjak karyakramon key nideshak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan kaam karate samay, vaha cornwall lisley johnn seey mileen, jinase vaha 1 octuber, 1937 koo shaadi karengi. lisley british west indies mein sent vincent kii naaee theen, jinhone newyork mein kaam kiya thaa. octuber 1938 mein, johnn ney uchch vetan aur behtar kaam karane kii sthitiyon kii maang key liye nurses koo ekjut karane kii koshish kii aur aspatal dwara unhein nikaal diyaa gayaa.
haalaanki usa varsh newyork mein aayojit sivil seva sammelan mein usaki naukari vaapas paane key liye ack yachika prastut kii gaee thee, johnn ney 1938 mein vyaavhaarik nurses key liye harlem key oopari mainhattan yavka school key nideshak key roop mein ack nayaa pada sweekaar kiya. iss pada koo sambhaalane key baad, johnn newyork raajya mein vyaavhaarik nurses key ack school kaa nirdeshan karane vaali pahali african-americi mahila bunn gaeen. johnn 1944 taka yavka key saath raheen, jaba unhone yuddh seva key liye rashtriya nursing parishad key saath ack vyakhyata aur salaahkaar key roop mein kaam karane key liye chhod diyaa. estel massie riddle key sahayak key roop mein kaam karate hue, unhone ashwet nurses kii sankhya badhaakar nursing kii kamee koo khatm karane mein madad kii. unakaa lakshya ashwet chhatron key liye prashikshan karyakram sthaapit karna aur nursing school prashasakon, nideshakon aur saarvajanik adhikaariyon koo namankan badhaane key baare mein nirdesh pradaan karna thaa. riddle aur johnn ney bataaya kii sanyukt raajya america mein alag-alag schools kaa matlab thaa kii kaee ashwet chhatron koo nursing prashikshan koo puuraa karane key liye apani buniyaadi shiksha mein sudhaar kii aavashyakta thee, aur schools koo pathyakram vikasit karane key liye protsaahit kiya joe ack achchi tarah seey shiksha pradaan karega.
iss dauran, johnn school laut aae, alfa kappa alfa mein shamil hoe gaye, aur 1946 mein newyork vishvavidyalaya mein shiksha aur saarvajanik swaasthya nursing mein vigyaan mein snaatak puuraa kiya. varsh key anta mein, vaha bachchon aur yuvaaon parr rashtriya samiti kii sadasyata key liye chuni gaee pahali nurse theen, joe yuvaaon koo prabhaavit karane vaale muddon key baare mein vidhayakon koo salah dene key liye aayojit ack samooh thaa. snaatak honey key turant baad, vaha rangeen snaatak nurses key rashtriya sangh kii karyakari sachiv bunn gaeen. nirdeshak key roop mein unaki bhoomika baadhaon aur nasleeya neetiyon koo door karna thaa joe ashwet nurses kii unnati koo pratibandhit karati theen. unaki sthiti kaa doosara pramukh hissa rangeen snaatak nurses key rashtriya sangh koo americi nurse sangh mein vilay karane mein sahaayata karna thaa. unhone vilay key baare mein shwet nurses kii chintaon koo door karane kii koshish mein dakshin kii yatra kii, jabaki ashwet nurses koo aashvast karane kii koshish kii kii vilay seey unaki peshevar sthiti mein sudhaar hoe sakata haye aur avsar khul sakate hain.
vyaapak darshakon taka pahunchane aur nursing key avsaron kaa vistaar karane key liye, johnn ney radio parr karyakram prasaarit karna shuru kiya. 1949 mein, unhone wnbc parr utpaadan key liye ack patkatha "braun women inn white" likhi, jisake kaaran anya radio karyon key liye ack nbc prograaming karyakari margaret coothbert key saath paramarsh kiya gayaa. iss show mein ashwet mahilaaon key liye nurses key roop mein kaam karane key liye 40 varshon key sangharsh koo shamil kiya gayaa aur 69 stations parr rashtravyapi roop seey prasaarit kiya gayaa. unhone yuddh samaapt honey taka yuddh seva key liye rashtriya nursing parishad key liye ack salaahkaar key roop mein kaam karna jaari rakhaa, aur 1951 mein bhang honey taka rangeen snaatak nurses key rashtriya sangh key antim nideshak key roop mein kaary kiya.
1950 mein, johnn koo nagrik adhikaaron key liye rangeen logon kii rashtriya gatishilata kii pragati key liye rashtriya sangh mein ack pratinidhi key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. vaha ashwet samudaay kii aavashyak jarooraton aur nagrik adhikaar kaanoon kii aavashyakta key baare mein rashtrapati hairi truman key saath seedhe baat karane key liye chuni gaee pratinidhiyon mein seey ack theen. pratinidhiyon ney jore dekar kahaa kii praathamik dhyaan matdan karon key unmoolan aur sanghiya linching virodhi kaanoon dwara matdan key apratibandhit adhikaar parr honah chaahiye, lekin prashaasan ney nishpaksh rojgar prathaon key kaanoon parr dhyaan kendrit karane kaa vikalp chunaa. rangeen snaatak nurses key rashtriya sangh key saath apane karyakal key anta mein, johnn ney bataaya kii dwiteeya vishva yuddh seey pahale, desh bhar mein kewal 14 nursing schools mein ashwet chhatron koo pravesh diyaa gayaa thaa. 1950 taka, rashtriya star parr, 304 nursing schools ney african-americi chhatron koo anumati dee. unhone yeh bhee kahaa kii kewal paanch raajyon ney abhee bhee ashwet nurses koo sanghon mein shamil honey seey pratibandhit kiya haye, halanki abhee bhee avsar aur desh bhar mein bhugtan mein antaral thaa.
radio aur television (1952-1978).
1952 mein, johnn ney newyork station doubleu. doubleu. aar. ell. parr "dha homemaker club" likhana aur prastut karna shuru kiya. shuru mein karyakram 15 minut kaa thaa, lekin jald hii mahila shrotaon koo aakarshit karane key liye station key drive mein aadhe ghante key show taka vistaarit kiya gayaa. johnn aur unake mehmaanon kii baatchit key saath mishrit gharelu sujhaav, joe samajik muddon aur samudayik mamalon parr kendrit thaa aur prati saptah paanch dinn desh bhar mein chalata thaa. usee varsh, unhone aur unake pati ney newyork key agantukon key liye ack dwarpal seva kii peshkash shuru kii, jise unhone "seva kaa ghar" kahaa. apane vyaapak yatra anubhav key kaaran, unhone ack agyaat shahar mein vyavastha karane kii yatra karate samay kathinaaee koo pahachaana aur unake vyavasaay ney yaatriyon koo soochanaatmak anurodhon, yatra vyavasthaon parr shodh karane, aarakshan sthaapit karane aur vibhinn aavashyaktaon key liye seva pradaata khojane mein madad kii. 1953 mein, johnn radio aur television mein mahilaaon key sangh key newyork adhyaay mein bharti honey vaali pahali ashwet mahila baneen. unhone sanyukt raajya america mein pahali african-americi mahila disk jockey mairi dee dudley key saath ack safal abhiyaan chalaaya, taaki sangh ney ack neeti apnai kii unaki sabhi baithaken gair-alag suvidhaon mein aayojit kii jaayengi.
1954 mein shuru karate hue, johnn ney radio karyakramon "alma johnn toxes too teenagers" aur "kishoron key saath kyaa sahee haye" kaa nirmaan kiya, baad vaalaa saptah mein teen baar prasaarit hotaa haye. inn karyakramon ney ashwet yuvaaon koo apani shiksha poori karane aur currier key avsaron key liye prayaas karane key liye protsaahit kiya, jisase kaee logon koo prasaran vyavasaay mein pravesh karane kaa sapana dekhane key liye prerit kiya. "kishoron key saath kyaa sahee haye" kishoron dwara nirmit aur nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur johnn ney unhein patkatha likhane, karyakramon kii yojana banaane, sakshatkaron koo nirdhaarit karane aur unhein recording takneek kaa upayog karna sikhaane mein madad kii. unake schools key saath kaam karate hue, unhone currier kii salah bhee dee aur kaee chhatron koo rojgar khojane mein madad kii. 1957 mein, unhein saine francisco mein aayojit radio aur television mein mahilaaon key sangh key rashtriya sammelan mein "kishoron key saath kyaa sahee haye" parr unake kaam key liye "mccull" golden mike puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. vaha puraskar praapt karane vaali pahali ashwet mahila theen. 1959 mein, unhein doubleu. doubleu. aar. ell. key liye mahila karyakram nideshak key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa.
doubleu. doubleu. aar. ell. key saath apane 25 saal key judaav key dauran, unhone gharelu sanketon parr vibhinn syndicated shrinkhalaon kaa nirmaan kiya, jaise "alma johnn shoppers guide", "ghar parr alma johnn key saath", "gharelu sanket" aur "rung kii baat karein", jisamen bajat, credit, sajawat aur poshan parr salah dee gaee thee. unhone "aapke darwaaje parr duniya", videshi agantukon key saath baatchit karane vaalaa ack sakshatkar show aur varishth nagrikon key liye taiyar ack karyakram "golden agers" sahit vibhinn prakaar key show kaa nirmaan kiya. anya karyakramon mein saarvajanik seva pariyojanaaen jaise swaasthya aur nagrik adhikaaron key muddon parr jaankaari, eleanor roozvelt jaise prasiddh mehmaanon key saath shamil theen. 1960 mein, unhein rashtriya shahari leag dwara sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, aur unake poore currier mein vibhinn nagrik sangathanon seey kaee puraskar aur sammaan praapt hue.
1970 mein, newyork shahar key television station doubleu. pee. aaee. aiss. ney kaale muddon aur uplabdhiyon key baare mein ack karyakram kii mejbani karane key liye unase sampark kiya. 1972 mein show kii nirmaata banane seey pahale dou varshon taka unhone "black pride" kii mejbani kii. karyakram pratyek saptah dou baar chalata thaa aur isamen coretta scott king, elaa fitzgerald, edithe jey sahit vibhinn prakaar key mehmann shamil they. anya logon key beach, gains, roberta flack, rossa park aur pamela strobel (urf rajkumari pamela). unhone vaarta shrinkhala "sakaratmak roop seey kaali" kii mejbani bhee kii. unakaa antim television utpaadan ack tock show thaa, "like itt ijj", jise 1978 mein doublupics key liye banaaya gayaa thaa.
baad mein currier (1977-1986).
johnn ney alma johnn karyashalaon kii mejbani kii aur 1979 seey 1986 taka isi naam kaa ack samachar patra prakaashit kiya. karyashalaon kaa uddeshya samudayik utthaan, shiksha aur saarvajanik swaasthya koo badhaava denaa thaa. unhone sabhi umr key samudaay key sadasyon koo apane rachanaatmak karyon koo saajha karane key liye ack sthaan kii peshkash kii aur bhagidari key liye karyakramon kaa ayojan kiya, jaise kii jail, hirasat kendron yaa bachchon key gharon mein jaanaa. karyashalaon key sambandh mein, unhone vyaapak roop seey yatra kii aur vibhinn sangathanon aur samoohon seey baat kii.
mrityu aur viraasat.
johnn kii mrityu 8 aprail, 1986 koo harlem aspatal mein pichhale dinn ack aghaat seey peedit honey key baad hui thee. unakaa antim sanskar 12 aprail koo harlem key sent paul baptist church mein kiya gayaa thaa aur 1 maee koo sanyukt raajya america key pratinidhiyon key ghar ney unaki smriti koo shraddhanjali dee thee. unhein nagrik adhikaaron, nursing aur ack agrani radio vyaktitva key liye ladaai mein unake yogdan key liye yaad kiya jaataa thaa. unhone gairi burd, pablo guzman, david lampel aur gill nobal jaise kaee media sanchaar peshevaron key currier koo prabhaavit kiya. johnn key shodh patron koo newyork shahar mein ashwet sanskriti mein anusandhaan key liye scomberg kendra mein bheja gayaa thaa, jise 1990 mein praapt huaa thaa. vaha smithsonian production vrittachitra shrinkhala "black rediyoh talling itt" mein chitrit radio agraduton mein seey ack theen, jise 1996 mein jackline gales web dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. johnn key saath tape kiye gaye sakshatkar sahit karyakram key abhilekhiya record, bloomington mein african americi sangeet aur sanskriti key indiana vishvavidyalaya abhilekhagar mein rakhe gaye hain.

