
johann sebastian baakh key sangeet kaa swaagat

18veen shatabdi key dauran, johann sebastian baach key sangeet kii sarahana jyaadaatar pratishthit parkhi logon taka hii seemit thee. 19veen shatabdi kii shuruat sangeetkaar kii pahali jeevani key prakaashan key saath hui aur baakh gasselshaft dwara baakh key sabhi gyaat karyon key prakaashan key puuraa honey key saath samaapt hui. 1829 mein mendelsohan key "sent matway junoon" key pradarshan seey ack baakh punrutthan shuru huaa thaa. usa pradarshan key turant baad, baakh koo sabhi samay key mahantam sangeetkaron mein seey ack key roop mein maanaa jaane lagaa, yadi sabse mahaan naheen, tou ack aisee pratishtha jise unhone taba seey barkarar rakhaa haye. 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein ack naee vyaapak baakh jeevani prakaashit hui.
20veen shatabdi mein, baakh key sangeet kaa vyaapak roop seey pradarshan aur record kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki anya logon key beach, nyu batchselshaft ney sangeetkaar parr shodh prakaashit kiya thaa. 20veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein baakh key sangeet key aadhunik roopaantaran ney unake lokpriya honey mein bahut yogdan diyaa. inmein seey kuchh they baach tukadon key swingle gayakon key sanskaran (udaaharan key liye, orchestra soot nam. 3, yaa coral prelude) aur vendi carlos '1968 "switch-onn betch", jisamen moog electronic synthesizer kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa.
20veen shatabdi key anta taka, adhik shaastriya kalakar dheere-dheere usa pradarshan shally aur vaadyayantra seey door hoe rahey they joe romantic yug mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaah unhone barok yug key period vaadyayantron parr baach key sangeet kaa pradarshan karna shuru curr diyaa, unake samay mein sthaapit takneekon aur tempy kaa adhyayan aur abhyaas kiya, aur vaadyayantron aur gayakon key aakar koo cumm curr diyaa joe unhone niyojit kiya hoga. sangeetkaar dwara apani rachanaon mein upayog kiye gaye baakh rupankan kaa upayog 19veen shatabdi seey 21veen shatabdi taka sangeetkaar koo darjanon shraddhanjali mein kiya gayaa thaa. 21veen sadee mein, sangeetkaar kaa puuraa maujooda utpaadan online upalabdh hoe gayaa, jisamen kaee websiten vishesh roop seey unhein samarpit theen.
18veen shatabdi.
apane samay mein, baakh kii pratishtha teleman, gron aur handell key barabar thee. apane jeevan key dauran, baakh koo saarvajanik maanyata millie, jaise kii polland key augustus III dwara darbari sangeetkaar kaa khitaab aur fredrick dha grate aur herman carle wonn keyserling dwara unaki sarahana kii gaee. iss tarah kii atyadhik prashansa una apmaanon key vipareet thee jinka unhein saamana karna padaa, udaaharan key liye apane grihnagar leapsig mein. samkaaleen press mein bhee, baakh key apane virodhi they, jaise kii johann adolph skeeb, joe sujhaav dete they kii vaha cumm jatil sangeet likhate hain, aur unake samarthak, jaise kii johann matson aur lorenz christophe mizzler.
unaki mrityu key baad, ack sangeetkaar key roop mein baakh kii pratishtha mein pahale girawat aaeeh ubharate gallant shally kii tulanaa mein unake kaam koo puraane jamaane kaa maanaa jaataa thaa. shuru mein, unhein anga key ack gunee khilaadi aur ack shikshak key roop mein adhik yaad kiya jaataa thaa. sangeetkaar key jivankal key dauran mudrit sangeet kaa adhikansh hissa, cumm seey cumm vaha hissa joe yaad kiya gayaa thaa, anga aur harpsicard key liye thaa. iss prakaar, ack sangeetkaar key roop mein unaki pratishtha shuru mein jyaadaatar unake keyboard sangeet taka seemit thee, aur yeh sangeet shiksha mein isake moolya taka bhee kaafee seemit thee.
baakh key jeevit parivaar key sadasya, jinhen unaki pandulipiyon kaa ack badaa hissa viraasat mein milaa thaa, sabhi unhein sanrakshit karane key liye samaan roop seey chintit naheen they, jisase kaafee nuksan huaa. carle phillip emmanuel, unakaa doosara sabse badaa betaa, apane pitaa kii viraasat kii raksha mein sabse sakriya thaah unhone apane pitaa key shoke-gyaapan kaa saha-lekhan kiya, apane chaar-bhaag vaale corell key prakaashan mein yogdan diyaa, unaki kuchh kritiyon kaa manchan kiya, aur unake pitaa key pahale aprakaashit karyon kaa badaa hissa unaki madad seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa. wilheim friedeman, sabse badey bete ney apane pitaa key kaee cantata koo haale mein prastut kiya, lekin berojgar honey key baad apane pitaa key karyon key badey sangrah kaa hissa betch diyaa. puraane guru key kaee chhatron, jaise kii unake damad johann christophe altanicol, johann friedrich agricola, johann kirnberger aur johann ludwig crabes ney unaki viraasat key prasaar mein yogdan diyaa. praarambhik bhakt sabhi sangeetkaar naheen they; udaaharan key liye, berlin mein, fredrick dha grate key darbar key ack uchch adhikaari, daniel itzig, ney baakh koo sammaanit kiya. unaki sabse badee betiyon ney kirnberger seey sabak liya, aur unaki chhoti bahan saaraa wilheim friedeman baach seey, joe 1774 seey 1784 taka berlin mein theen. saaraa itzig (vivaahit naamah levi) johann sebastian baach aur unake beton dwara kiye gaye karyon key shaukeen sangraahak bunn gaye.
leapsig mein rahate hue, baakh key church sangeet kaa pradarshan unake kuchh sangeet taka seemit thaa, aur unake kuchh junoon key tahat. baakh key shaukinon kii ack naee peedhi ubhareeh unhone adhyayanpurvak unake sangeet koo ekatra kiya aur unaki nakal kii, jisamen unake kuchh badey paimaane key kaam jaise kii maas inn bee minor shamil they aur ise niji taur parr prastut kiya gayaa thaa. aise hii ack parkhi gatefried vaine switton they, joe ack uchch padasth austriyai adhikaari they, jinhone baakh kii viraasat koo vienni school key sangeetkaron koo dene mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai thee. haydon key paas "achchi tarah seey swabhaavit clavier" aur bee minor mein dravyamaan kii pandulipi pratiyaan theen aur yeh baakh key sangeet seey prabhaavit thee. mosart key paas baakh key ack motates kii ack prati thee, jisamen unake kuchh vaadya karyon (key. 404aeye, 405), aur apani shally seey prabhaavit hocker vipareet sangeet likhaa. beethoven ney 11 saal kii umr taka poore "achche swabhaav vaale clavier" koo khela aur baakh koo (sadbhaav key poorvaj) key roop mein varnit kiya.
sangeetkaar key jivankal mein.
print mein johann sebastian baach kaa sabse pahala gyaat sandarbh mathson dwara ack prashansa haih baakh key chachere bhaai johann gottfried walther ney 1732 mein ack prakaashit kiyaah prakaashan mein unhone baakh kii keyboard rachanaon koo utkrisht () key roop mein yogya banaaya. 1737 mein, yojana ney apane vishay kaa naam liye binaa ack pratikool aalochana prakaashit keeh "shree. - "baakh key roop mein pahachaana jaa rhaa haye, aur" jiss vyakti key saath vaha hatheli parr vivaad curr sakata haye "key roop mein george friederich handell, johann abraham birnbaum, leapsig vishvavidyalaya key ack professor, ney" shaahi polish aur saxonian chunavi adalat key sangeetkaar aur chappel master mister kaa bachaav prakaashit kiya. johann sebastian baachah (): burnbaum key vichaaron seey sahmat hocker, mizzler ney kuchh maheenon baad apane "anparthishe enmarkungen" koo phir seey prakaashit kiya.
18veen shatabdi kaa doosara bhaag.
1760 key baad seey utsaahi samarthakon kaa ack chhota samooh berlin mein sakriya hoe gayaa, joe apani pratishtha koo banaae rakhane aur apani "naukari" koo badhaava dene key liye utsuk thaa. yeh samooh unake bete carle phillip emmanuel baakh key ird-gird kendrit thaa, jise 1738 mein 24 saal kii umr mein fredrick dha grate key potsdam mein darbari harpsicardist niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, phir 1740 mein simhaasan parr baithane seey pahale crown prince. see.pee.ee. baakh 1768 taka berlin mein rahey, jaba unhein george phillip teleman key uttaradhikar mein hamberg mein cappelmister niyukt kiya gayaa. (unake bhaai wilheim friedeman baach 1774 mein berlin chaley gaye, halanki ack organist key roop mein unaki uplabdhiyon key bavjood, samanya prashansa key liye naheen.) samooh key anya pramukh sadasyon mein baakh key poorv chhaatr johann friedrich agricola, darbari sangeetkaar, berlin mein shaahi opera house key pahale nideshak aur baakh key shraddhanjali ("necrologue", 1754) parr emmanuel key saath sahayogi aur adhik mahatvapurna roop seey johann phillip kirnberger shamil they.
kirnberger 1758 mein adalat mein cappelmister bunn gaye aur fredrick kii bhatiji, enaa amalia key sangeet shikshak bunn gaye. kiranberger ney naa kewal "amaleen-bibliothech" mein baach kii pandulipiyon kaa ack badaa sangrah banaaya, balki friedrich wilheim marperg key saath unhone saiddhaantik granthon key madhyam seey baach kii rachanaon koo badhaava diyaa, vishesh roop seey baach key tarikon key vistrit vishleshan key saath counterpoint parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. marperg key "fagyu parr granth" (, 1753-1754) key dou khandon mein seey pahale mein chhah-bhaag vaale fagyul chorel key shuruati khand "aus typher nott" bwv 686 koo isake udaharanon mein seey ack key roop mein uddhrit kiya gayaa haye. kirnberger ney bees saal baad, 1771 aur 1779 key beach, "dye kunst days renen satz inn dair music" (sadbhaav key abhyaas key liye sahee siddhant) parr apane swayam key vyaapak lekh kaa nirmaan kiya. apane granth marperg mein jeane-phillip ramo key maulik baas parr kuchh sangeet siddhanton koo apanaaya thaa, joe unake "sadbhaav parr granth" (1722) seey butch kii "sadbhaav parr granth" (1722) mein thaa, ack drishtikon jise kirnberger ney apane maarg mein aswikar curr diyaa thaah
isake kaaran ack teekha vivaad huaa jisamen donon ney baakh key adhikaar key saath baat karane kaa daavaa kiya. jaba marperg ney yeh sujhaav dene kii saamarik truti kii kii "hamberg mein unake prasiddh bete koo bhee isake baare mein kuchh pataa honah chaahiye", tou kirnberger ney apane lekh key dusare khand key parichay mein jawab diyaah
baakh key chhatron aur parivaar key madhyam seey, unake keyboard karyon kii pratiyon kaa prasaar aur adhyayan poore germany mein kiya gayaa thaa; rajanyik bairan vaine switton, 1770 seey 1777 taka prussian adalat mein austriyai doot aur baad mein mosart, haydon aur beethoven key sanrakshak, berlin seey vienna taka pratiyon koo prasaarit karane key liye jimmedaar they. aanshik roop seey unaki takniki kathinaaee key kaaran karyon kaa swaagat mishrit thaah mosart, beethoven aur jung jaise sangeetkaron ney inn rachanaon koo apanaaya, vishesh roop seey "achchi tarah seey swabhaavit clavier"; lekin, jaisa kii johann addam hiller ney 1768 mein bataaya, kaee shaukiya sangeetkaron ney unhein bahut kathin paaya ("").
clavier-ubang III key mool 1739 sanskaran key 21 print aaj bhee maujood hain. isaki uchch keemat key kaaran, yeh sanskaran achchi tarah seey naheen bikaah 25 saal baad bhee 1764 mein, see.pee.ee. baakh abhee bhee pratiyon koo nipataane kii koshish curr rhaa thaa. baakh kii mrityu key baad lokpriya swaad mein parivartan key kaaran, bernhard christophe bratecoff key bete, prakaashak johann gottlob emmanuel bratecoff ney baakh key karyon key nae mudrit sanskaran taiyar karna aarthik roop seey vyavharya naheen maanaa; isake bajaay unhone apane mool ankon key badey pustakalaya mein clavier-ubang III kii ack master coppy rakhee, jisase 1763 key baad seey hastalikhit pratiyon () kaa adesh diyaa jaa sakata thaa. isi tarah kii seva hamberg mein sangeet prakashakon johann christophe westfell aur berlin mein johann carle friedrich railstab dwara pradaan kii gaee thee.
1800 seey pahale, ingland mein baakh key karyon key pradarshan yaa unake kaam kii pandulipi pratiyon kii bahut cumm reportein hain. 1770 mein, sangeetvid aur saimuel johnson aur james boswell key dost charles burney ney france aur itali kaa daura kiya thaa. 1771 mein apani vaapsee parr unhone "france aur itali mein sangeet kii vartamaan sthiti" mein apane daure parr ack report prakaashit kii. usa varsh baad mein christophe daniel abling koo likhe ack patra mein, iss kaam koo german mein anuvaadit karane mein lagey sangeet aalochak, burney ney baakh key baare mein apana pahala sandarbh diyaah
haalaanki, agale varsh hii, germany aur nichale deshon key apane daure key dauran, burney koo see seey "achchi tarah seey swabhaavit clavier" kii pahali pustak kii ack prati millie. pee. ee. hamberg mein betch; apani reports key anusaar, vaha kewal tees saal baad isaki samagri seey parichit honey vaale they. unhone 1773 mein "germany, neetherland aur sanyukt praanton mein sangeet kii vartamaan sthiti" mein apane german daure kii soochana dee. iss pustak mein baakh key kaam kaa pahala angreji vivaran haye aur yeh usa samay key aam vichaaron koo darshaata haye. burney ney baakh kii vidwan shally kii tulanaa apane bete seey kii, jisase vaha milaa thaah
burney ney jey key sangeet yogdan koo sankshep mein prastut kiya.aiss. baachah
jaisa kii yeh gyaat haye kii usa samay burney koo baakh kii rachanaon mein seey shayed hii koee pataa thaa, aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii baakh key baare mein unaki raay dusare haath seey aaeeh pahala vaakya lagbhag nishchit roop seey marperg key "tries onn fagyu" key francisi anuvaad seey seedhe uthaaya gayaa thaa, jiska unhone jeevani vivaran key liye pustak mein pahale ullekh kiya thaa; aur 1771 mein unhone eabling key madhyam seey yojana key lekhan koo praapt kiya thaa. germany mein burney kii pustak koo achchi tarah seey sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa, yahaan taka kii unake dost koo bhee krodhit kiya gayaah ack ansh mein jise unhone baad key sanskaranon mein badal diyaa, unhone munich mein luis davism, british planipotentiary key ack patra seey binaa kissy aarop key tippaniyon koo dohraya thaa, kii, "yadi janmajaat pratibha maujood haye, tou germany nishchit roop seey iska sthaan naheen haye; halanki ise anumati dee jaani chaahiye, dridhata aur anuprayog kaa honah chaahiye."ack baar jaba iss aparaadh key baare mein pataa chalaa kii yeh germans key liye kaaran bunn sakata haye, tou burney ney apani betty fanny burney kii prati mein aapattijanak anshon koo pencil seey chihnit kiya thaa, jaba 1786 mein vaha raani charlotte kii prateeksha karane vaali mahila bunn gaee thee. usa varsh baad mein, fanny key daraane key liye, raani ney anurodh kiya kii fanny apani betty rajkumari elizabeth koo apani prati dikhaaen. iss pustak koo raajaa george III aur raani charlot donon ney dekhaa thaa, jinhone funny key jaldbaji mein nishaanon key spashteekaran kaa aavishkaar sweekaar kiya; isi tarah vaha khud koo bahaana banaane mein kamyab rahee jaba rajkumari elizabeth ney baad mein sabhi chihnit anshon koo funny key pasandida maanate hue padhaa.
1778 seey gottingen vishvavidyalaya mein sangeet key nideshak johann nicolaus forkel, baakh key sangeet key ack anya pravartak aur sangraahak they. berlin mein baakh key donon beton key saath ack sakriya samvaadaata, unhone 1802 mein baakh kii pahali vistrit jeevani prakaashit kii, "bachah onn johann sebastian baakh kaa jeevan, kalaa aur karyah sachchi sangeet kalaa key deshbhakt prashansakon key liye", jisamen baakh key keyboard aur anga sangeet kii sarahana aur adesh key saath samaapt honah shamil haye, "yeh aadami, sangeet kii bhasha mein duniya koo sambodhit karane vaalaa sabse mahaan vaktaa-kavi, ack german thaa! germany koo usa parr garv honey dou!
haan, usey garv haye, lekin vaha bhee usake yogya haye!"1779 mein, forkel ney burney key" "sangeet key samanya itihas" "kii ack sameeksha prakaashit kii, jisamen unhone german sangeetkaron koo" "kubj yaa sangeetmay augers" "key roop mein khariz karane key liye burney kii aalochana kii kyonki" "way unaki aankho key saamane ack sunder tareeke seey nritya naheen karate they" "; isake bajaay unhone sujhaav diyaa kii unhein" "diggajon" "key roop mein dekhana adhik upayukt thaa.
1730 key dashak mein baakh kii unaki aalochanaon key beach, yojana ney likhaa thaa, "humm una sangeetkaron key baare mein jaanate hain joe ise samajh seey baahar aur apraakritik sangeet kii rachana karane mein saksham honey key liye ack sammaan key roop mein dekhate hain. way sangeet key roopon koo dher karate hain. way asamanya alankaran karate hain. ... kyaa yeye vaastav mein sangeetmay goth naheen hain!"1780 key dashak taka, sangeet mein" "gothic" "shabd kaa upayog apmaanjanak thaa. prabhaavshaali shabdakosh dee music (1768) mein "sadbhaav" key liye apani pravishti mein, ramo key ack ugra aalochak, jeane-jacks russo ney ack "gothic aur berber aavishkaar" key roop mein prativaad koo varnit kiya, joe madhur "gallante" shally kaa virodhabhas haye. 1772 mein, johann wolfgang wonn goethe ney "gothic" kalaa key baare mein ack maulik roop seey alag drishtikon diyaa joe shaastriya-romantic andolan key dauran vyaapak sweekriti praapt karega. strasberg mein cathedral parr apane prasiddh nibandh mein, jahan way ack chhaatr they, gothe gothic kalaa koo udaattata seey jodane vaale pahale lekhakon mein seey ack theh
1782 mein, johann friedrich rechardt, 1775 seey agricola key uttaradhikari key roop mein fredrick dha grate key darbar mein cappelmister key roop mein, ney baakh aur handell key vaadya bhagodon key prati apani vyaktigat pratikriyaon kaa varnan karane key liye "musicalischess kunstamagazin" mein goethe key iss ansh koo uddhrit kiya. unhone apani prashansa kii shuruat mein baakh koo apani umr key sabse mahaan prati-virodhi ("saamanjasyavaadi") key roop mein varnit kiyaah
olgemine duesh bibliothech" mein pratikool anaam tippaniyon key baad, 1796 mein ack punah mudran mein handell kii pratikool tulanaa koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. baakh key sangeet aur gothic cathedral key beach rechard kii tulanaa aksar sangeetkaron aur sangeet alochakon dwara dohrai jaati thee. unake chhaatr, lekhak, sangeetkaar aur sangeet aalochak ee.tii.aeye. hoffman ney baakh key sangeet mein "apane sabhi shandar alankaranon key saath saahasik aur adbhut, romantic cathedral dekhaa, joe kalaatmak roop seey poore mein, garv seey aur shandar roop seey havaa mein oopar uthaa."hoffman ney baakh key sangeet mein utkrishtata key baare mein likhaa-baakh key" "pratibindu key rahasyamay niyamon" "mein" "anant aadhyatmik kshetra" ".
see mein ack aur sangeetkaar.pee.ee. baakh kaa vritt unake dost carle friedrich christian fasch they, joe violine vaadak aur sangeetkaar johann friedrich fasch key bete they, jinhone 1722 mein kuhnaau kii mrityu parr, baad mein thomaskarche mein, jahan unhein swayam prashikshit kiya gayaa thaa, baach koo diye gaye pada koo aswikar curr diyaa thaa. 1756 seey carle fasch ney see key saath fredrick dha grate key liye harpsicard sangat kii bhoomika saajha kii.pee.ee. baacha. unhone dou saal key liye 1774 mein shaahi opera key nirdeshak key roop mein krishi kalaa key baad kuchh samay key liye safalata praapt kii. 1786 mein fredrick dha grate kii mrityu key varsh mein, hiller ney ack berlin cathedral mein handell key "masiha" key italvi mein ack smaarak pradarshan kaa ayojan kiya, jisamen 1784 key landan handell smaarak key paimaane koo punarnirmit kiya gayaa, joe burney key 1785 key vistrit vivaran mein varnit haye. teen saal baad 1789 mein, fasch ney berlin mein ack anaupchaarik samooh shuru kiya, joe gaayan chhatron aur sangeet premiyon seey banaa thaa, joe niji gharon mein rehearsal key liye milaa thaa. 1791 mein, ack "upasthiti pustak" kii shuruat key saath, yeh aadhikarik taur parr sing-academy zuu berlin key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa aur dou saal baad berlin mein royal academy off arts mein iska apana rehearsal kaksh diyaa gayaa. ack sangeetkaar key roop mein, faash ney kirnberger seey counterpoint key puraane tarikon koo seekha thaa aur landan mein "pracheen sangeet kii akadami" kii tarah, gaayan-akadami kii sthaapana mein unakaa praarambhik uddeshya upekshit aur shayed hii kabhi pavitra gaayan sangeet mein ruchi koo punarjeevit karna thaa, vishesh roop seey jey.aiss. baach, gron aur handell. samaaj ney baad mein vaadya sangeet sahit sabhi prakaar key barok sangeet kaa ack vyaapak pustakalaya banaaya.
burney koo george III kii hastshilp key liye vareeyata key baare mein pataa thaa jaba 1785 mein unhone 1784 key hastshilp smaranotsav key apane khaate mein likhaa kii "apane poorna, kushal aur utkrisht anga-" bhagodon "mein, sabse praakritik aur prasann vishayon parr, unhone frescobaldi, aur yahaan taka kii sebastian baach, aur apane deshvaasiyon key anya logon koo bhee peechhe chhod diyaa haye, joe iss kathin aur vistrit sanrachana mein kshamataon key liye sabse prasiddh hain."unake khaate kaa german mein hiller dwara anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa. 1788 mein "olgemine duesh bibliothech" mein gumnam roop seey likhana.pee.ee. baakh ney gusse mein jawab diyaa kii "jey key pramukh karyon key saath pakshapaat aur kissy bhee karibi parichit key alawa kuchh bhee naheen dekhaa jaa sakata haye.aiss. anga key liye betch humm dow mein paate hain. burney key lekhan kaa koee nishan naheen haye."1789 mein iss tarah kii tippaniyon seey vichalit naheen, see key ack saal baad.pee.ee. baakh kii mrityu, burney ney baakh aur handell kii yojana kii tulanaa koo pratidhwanit kiya jaba unhone apane "sangeet key samanya itihas" mein likhaah
burney ney opera key liye angreji pravritti koo pratibimbit kiya jaba unhone jodaah
1800 seey pahale baakh key prati burney kii ghrina key bavjood, ingland mein baakh key sangeet mein ruchi kii ack "jaagriti" thee, joe germany aur austriya key emigre sangeetkaron kii upasthiti seey prerit thee, joe baakh kii sangeet parampara mein prashikshit they. 1782 seey raani charlotte, ack samarpit keyboard player, key paas sangeet shikshak key roop mein german mein janme organist charles fredrick horn they; aur usee varsh augustus fredrick christopher coleman koo sent james palace mein shaahi german chappel mein organist aur school master key roop mein kaary karane key liye honnover key matdaataon seey george III dwara bulaaya gayaa thaa. yeh sambhav haye kii unhone 1788 mein hamberg key westfell seey "clavier-ubang III" yukt ack baadhya matra praapt karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, saath hii "achchi tarah seey swabhaav vaale clavier" kii donon pustakon koo bhee praapt kiya. shaahi halakon mein jaane vaale anya german sangeetkaron mein johann christian baach, carle friedrich ebel, johann christian fisher, fredrick dee nikole, wilheim crammer aur johann saimuel schroator shamil they.
19veen shatabdi key angreji baakh punrutthan key liye adhik mahatvapurna landan mein german bhashi sangeetkaron kii ack yuva peedhi kii upasthiti thee, joe kii kirnberger aur marperg key saiddhaantik lekhan mein achchi tarah seey paarangat thee, lekin shaahi sanrakshan parr nirbhar naheen thee; inmein johnn casper heck (-1791), charles fredrick bamgarten (1738-1824) aur joseph dietenhofer (-) shamil they. unhone vishesh roop seey apane granth "harpsicard bajaane kii kalaa" (1770) mein bhagodon koo badhaava diyaa, baad mein unhein "harpsicard kii tulanaa mein anga key liye vishisht sangeet kii ack vishesh shally" key roop mein varnit kiya; 1780 key dashak mein "sangeet pustakalaya aur saarvbhaumik patrika" mein baakh key liye apani jeevani pravishti mein, unhone baakh kii antim avadhi (canonic vividhata, "bhagode kii kalaa") seey pratibindu key udaaharan diye. dietenhofer ney "duss vividh bhagodon kaa chayan" taiyar kiya, jisamen "bhagode kii kalaa" seey adhure "contrapuncts xiv" bwv 1080/19 kaa apana puuraa honah shamil haye; 1802 mein unake prakaashan seey pahale inhen kaee organists aur prakhyaat sangeetkaron key saamane "sevo church mein" azmaya gayaa thaa... joe atyadhik santusht they aur apane prakaashan kii sifarish karate they."inn german sangeetkaron key utsaah koo organist benjamin cook aur unake chhaatr organist aur sangeetkaar johnn wall calcott ney saajha kiya thaa. cook unhein sangeetkaron key shaahi samaaj key madhyam seey jaanate they aur unhone khud "bhagode kii kalaa" kaa ack sanskaran prakaashit kiya thaa. calcott ney baakh school key sangeet siddhanton key baare mein coleman key saath patrachar kiya. 1798 mein, vaha "kendrit samaaj" key sansthaapak sadasyon mein seey ack they, joe baarah peshevar sangeetkaron kii seemit sadasyata vaalaa ack club thaa, joe pratibindu aur style antico mein rachana key liye samarpit thaa.
19veen shatabdi.
1802 mein, johann nicolaus forkel ney "uber johann sebastian batchs leben, kunst unda kunstworke" prakaashit kiya, joe sangeetkaar kii pahali jeevani thee, jisane unhein vyaapak janata key liye jaanaa jaane mein yogdan diyaa. 1805 mein, abraham mendelsone, jinhone itzig kii potey mein seey ack seey shaadi kii thee, ney baakh pandulipiyon kaa ack badaa sangrah kharida joe see seey neeche aaya thaa. pee. ee. baakh, aur ise berlin sing-academy koo daan curr diyaa. gaayan-akadami kabhi-kabhi saarvajanik sangeet karyakramon mein baakh key karyon kaa pradarshan kartaa thaa, udaaharan key liye piano parr saaraa levi key saath unakaa pahala keyboard concerto.
19veen shatabdi key pahale dashakon mein baakh key sangeet key pahale prakashanon kii sankhya mein vriddhi dekhi gaeeh bratecoff ney coral preludes, hofmester harpsicard sangeet prakaashit karna shuru kiya, aur "achchi tarah seey swabhaavit clavier" koo 1801 mein simrock (germany), nageli (switzerland) aur hofmester (germany aur austriya) dwara samvarti roop seey mudrit kiya gayaa thaa. mukhar sangeet bhee prakaashit kiya gayaa thaah 1802 aur 1803 mein motates, "magnifat" kaa pramukh sanskaran, ack pramukh mein carrie-gloria maas, aur cantata "inn fest burg ist uncert" (beadbluevy 80). 1818 mein, huns george nageli ney "maas inn bee minor" koo abb taka kii sabse badee rachana kahaa. butch kaa prabhaav shuruati romantic sangeetkaron kii agali peedhi mein mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa. jaba abraham key 13 varsheeya bete, felix mendelsohan ney 1822 mein apani pahali "bhavyata" kii setting kaa nirmaan kiya, tou yeh spasht haye kii vaha baakh key "bhavyata" key tatkalin aprakaashit dee pramukh sanskaran seey prerit they.
1829 mein sent matway junoon key saath, joe back key punrutthan koo sthaapit karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata thaa, felix mendelsone ney unake kaam mein nae sire seey ruchi mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa. sent johnn paishan" kaa 19veen shatabdi mein pahala pradarshan 1833 mein huaa aur isake baad 1844 mein "maas inn bee minor" kaa pahala pradarshan huaa. isake alawa aur anya saarvajanik pradarshanon aur mudrit media mein sangeetkaar aur unaki rachanaon parr ack badhee hui coverage key alawa, 1830 aur 1840 key dashak mein baakh dwara adhik mukhar karyon kaa pahala prakaashan bhee dekhaa gayaah six canta, "sent maitav paishan", aur "maas inn bee minor". anga rachanaon kii ack shrinkhala ney 1833 mein unakaa pahala prakaashan dekhaa. choppin ney apane 24 prastavnaon kii rachana shuru kii. 28, 1835 mein "achche swabhaav vaale clavier" seey prerit, aur shuman ney 1845 mein apana "sex fugen über daine namen bee-aeye-see-aich" prakaashit kiya. baach key sangeet koo samkaaleen swaad aur pradarshan abhyaas key anuroop carle friedrich zelter, robert franz aur franz list jaise sangeetkaron dwara likhaa aur vyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa, yaa nae sangeet jaise charles gaunod key aeye marvia kii dhuna key saath jodaa gayaa thaa. brahm, brookner aur wagner una sangeetkaron mein seey they jinhone baakh key sangeet koo badhaava diyaa yaa isake baare mein chamakate hue likhaa.
1850 mein, baakh key sangeet koo badhaava dene key liye (baakh society) kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein, samaaj ney sangeetkaar key karyon kaa ack vyaapak sanskaran prakaashit kiya. 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein, phillip spita ney "johann sebastian baach" prakaashit kiya, joe baakh key jeevan aur sangeet parr maanak kaam thaa. usa samay taka, baakh koo sangeet mein teen bee. aiss. mein seey pahale key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. 19veen shatabdi mein, baakh parr 200 pustaken prakaashit huin. shatabdi key anta taka, kaee shaharon mein sthaaniya betch samaaj sthaapit kiye gaye they, aur unakaa sangeet sabhi pramukh sangeet kendron mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa.
germany mein poori shatabdi mein, baakh rashtravadi bhaavanaon key saath jodaa gayaa thaa, aur sangeetkaar koo ack dhaarmik punrutthan mein ankit kiya gayaa thaa. ingland mein, baakh koo dhaarmik aur barok sangeet key maujooda punrutthan key saath jodaa gayaa thaa. shatabdi key anta taka, baakh koo unake vaadya aur unake mukhar sangeet donon key liye maanyata praapt mahantam sangeetkaron mein seey ack key roop mein dridhata seey sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
germany.
clavier-ubang III" kaa ack nayaa mudrit "chala prakaar" sanskaran, yugal yugal beadbluevy 802-805 koo chhodkar, 1804 mein ambrosius kunel dwara leapsig mein "beuro dee music" key liye nirmit kiya gayaa thaa, joe kii franz anton hofmister key saath unakaa sanyukt prakaashan udyam thaa joe baad mein see kii sangeet prakaashan firm bunn gayaa.aff. peater. isase pahale 1802 mein hofmester aur kunel ney baakh key keyboard sangeet kaa ack sangrah prakaashit kiya thaa, jisamen "aavishkaar aur synphonias" aur "achchi tarah seey swabhaav vaale clavier" kii donon pustaken shamil theen, jisamen johann nicolaus forkel salaahkaar key roop mein kaary curr rahey they. ("achchi tarah seey swabhaavit clavier" II seey pahali prastaavana aur bhagoda beadbluevy 870 pahali baar 1799 mein landan mein coleman dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. poori pustak II 1801 mein bone baay simrak mein prakaashit hui thee, isake baad pustak i; thodi dair baad nageli jyurikh mein teesare sanskaran key saath aaee.) hofmester aur kunel ney apane pandrahaven khand mein chaar yugal yugal beadbluevy 802-805 koo shamil karane key liye forecale key sujhaav koo naheen liya, joe kewal 1840 mein peater dwara bahut baad mein prakaashit kiye gaye they. corell prelude beadbluevy 675-683 mein seey nau chaar khand breetcoff mein mudrit kiye gaye they aur johann gottfried skitcht dwara 1800 aur 1806 key beach taiyar kiye gaye corell prelude key hartel sangrah mein. iss avadhi key dauran forkel aur coleman ney patrachar kiyaah unhone baakh aur unake karyon key prakaashan key liye samaan utsaah saajha kiya. jaba 1802 mein germany mein forkel kii baakh kii jeevani prakaashit hui, tou unake prakaashak hofmester aur kunel angreji aur french mein anuvaad parr niyantran rakhna chaahte they. usa samay koee poorna adhikrit angreji anuvaad naheen kiya gayaa thaa. 1812 mein, coleman ney "traimasik sangeet register" mein baakh parr ack lambe lekh mein jeevani key kuchh hisson kaa upayog kiya; aur 1820 mein boosi aind company dwara ack anadhikrit gumnam angreji anuvaad prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa.
berlin mein, 1800 mein fasch kii mrityu parr, unake sahayak carle friedrich zelter ney sing-academy key nideshak key roop mein padbhar sambhala. ack rajmistri key bete, vaha khud ack master rajmistri key roop mein paley-badhe they, lekin gupt roop seey apani sangeet kii ruchi vikasit kii thee, antatah unhone faash key saath rachana kakshaaen lii theen.
vaha varshon seey sing-akadami seey judey hue they aur berlin mein baakh parr agrani visheshagyon mein seey ack key roop mein pratishtha praapt kii thee. 1799 mein, unhone sangeet key saundaryashastra, vishesh roop seey butch key sangeet parr goethe key saath ack patrachar shuru kiya, joe 1832 mein donon doston kii mrityu taka chalaa thaa. haalaanki goethe ney sangeet mein dair seey prashikshan liya thaa, lekin unhone ise apane jeevan mein ack aavashyak tatva maanaa, apane ghar parr sangeet karyakramon kii vyavastha kii aur unhein kaheen aur bhaag liya. 1819 mein, goethe ney varnan kiya kii kaise berk key organist, heinrich friedrich shutz, joe baakh key chhaatr kittel dwara prashikshit they, unhein ghanton taka master key sangeet key saath, baakh seey laker beethoven taka, shaant karate they, taaki goethe khud koo ack aitihaasik drishtikon seey sangeet seey parichit karaa sakein. 1827 mein unhone likhaah
usee varsh anga key liye baakh key lekhan parr tippani karate hue, zelter ney gothe koo likhaah
zelter ney petch key anga lekhan kii kunji key roop mein paddle parr jore diyaah "koee bhee puraane betch key baare mein kaha sakata haye, kii paddle unaki athah buddhi key vikas kaa jamini tatva they, aur pairon key binaa, vaha kabhi bhee apani bauddhik" oonchaai "praapt naheen curr sakate they."
zelter ney gaayan-akadami key nirmaan mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, vaadya sangeet key liye unake pradarshan koo vyaapak banaaya aur badhate pustakalaya koo protsaahit kiya, joe baakh pandulipiyon key liye ack aur mahatvapurna bhandar haye. zelter 1796 mein mendelsohan key pitaa abraham mendelsohan key sing-akadami key sadasya banane key liye jimmedaar they. isake parinamswarup, pustakalaya key peechhe kii pramukh naee taakton mein seey ack saaraa levi bunn gaee, joe kii philix mendelsohan kii mahaan chaachi thee, jisane europe mein 18 veen shatabdi key sangeet key sabse mahatvapurna niji sangrhon mein seey ack koo ikattha kiya thaa. ack kushal harpsicardist, saaraa levi kii shikshika wilheim friedeman baach theen aur vaha see kii sanrakshak theen.pee.ee. butch, aisee paristhitiyaan joe unake parivaar koo butch key saath ghanishth sampark detee theen aur jisake parinamswarup unake sangeet koo mendelsohan parivaar mein ack visheshaadhikaar praapt sthiti kaa anand lena padaa. felix kii maan lii, jinhone kirnberger key tahat adhyayan kiya thaa, ney unhein apana pahala sangeet paath diyaa. 1819 mein, zelter koo philix aur unaki bahan fanny key rachana shikshak key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa; unhone kirnberger key tarikon key anusaar counterpoint aur sangeet siddhant padhaaya. felix key piano shikshak ludwig berger they, joe muzio clementi key chhaatr they, aur unake anga shikshak agast wilheim baach they (jey seey asambandhit).aiss. baakh), jinhone swayam zelter key tahat sangeet siddhant kaa adhyayan kiya thaa. aeye.doubleu. baakh merinkirche, berlin key organist they, jiska ack anga 1723 mein joachim wagner dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. mendelsohan key anga paath wagner anga parr aayojit kiye gaye they, jisamen fanny upasthit they; way 1820 mein shuru hue aur dou saal seey bhee cumm samay taka chaley. yeh sambhav haye kii unhone kuchh jey seekha. aiss. baakh key anga kaary, joe kaee berlin organists key pradarshan mein baney rahey they; unaki pasand seemit rahee hogi, kyonki usa star parr unaki paddle takneek abhee bhee praathamik thee.
1821 kii sharad ritu mein baarah varsheeya mendelsone zelter key saath veemar kii yatra parr gaye, leapsig mein raaste mein ruke, jahan unhein baakh key uttaradhikari skitch dwara thomaskarche key gaayak mandal mein cantor kaa kamra dikhaaya gayaa thaa. way veemar mein goethe key saath dou saptah rahey, jinake liye mendelsohan harr dinn piano parr badey paimaane parr bajaate they. 1822 kii garmiyon taka jaba unakaa parivaar switzerland key liye ravaana huaa tou mendelsohan key sangeet key sabhi paath bund hoe gaye. 1820 key dashak mein, mendelsohan ney chaar baar aur weamer mein goethe kaa daura kiya, aakhiri baar 1830 mein, berlin mein betch key sent mait key junoon koo punarjeevit karane mein unaki shandar safalata key ack saal baad, zelter aur sing-academy key sadasyon key sahyog seey. iss antim yatra parr, phir seey leapsig key madhyam seey, vaha wimer mein dou saptah rahey aur taba taka apane assie key dashak mein goethe key saath dainik baithaken karate they. baad mein unhone zelter koo sent peater aur sent paul key church kii yatra kaa vivaran diyaa, jahan baakh key chachere bhaai johann gottfried walter organist they aur jahan unake dou sabse badey beton kaa bapatisma huaa thaah
1835 mein, mendelsohan koo leapsig mein gavendhoss orchester kaa nideshak niyukt kiya gayaa, ack pada joe unhone 38 varsh kii ayu mein 1847 mein apani mrityu taka sambhala. way jald hii anya baakh utsaahi logon seey mille, jinamen robbert schuman, ack varsh apane junier, joe 1830 mein leapsig chaley gaye they. jey dwara piano sikhaaya gayaa thaa.jee. aisaa lagata haye kii zvikaau mein marienkirche mein organist kunts, shuman ney 1832 mein baakh key organ sangeet mein gahari ruchi vikasit karna shuru curr diyaa thaa. apani diarry mein unhone chhah organ bhagodon koo chaar haathon key liye clara wick key saath padhana darj kiya, joe unake leapsig piano shikshak fried ritch wick aur unaki bhaavi patni kii baarah varsheeya betty thee. schuman ney baad mein baakh koo sangeetkaar key roop mein sweekaar kiya jisane unhein sabse adhik prabhaavit kiya thaa. apane karyon koo ekatra karane key alawa, schuman ney ack naee pakhwade kii sangeet patrika, "nyu zitschrift farr music" key saath shuru kiya, jisamen unhone baakh key saath-saath samkaaleen sangeetkaron, jaise choppin aur liszt key sangeet koo badhaava diyaa. mukhya yogadankartaon mein seey ack unake dost carle becker they, joe pieterskirche mein organist they aur 1837 mein nikolaikirche they. shuman 1843 taka pradhaan sampaadak key roop mein baney rahey, jiss varsh mein mendelsohan leapsig conservatory key sansthaapak nideshak baney. schuman koo sanrakshak mein piano aur rachana key liye professor niyukt kiya gayaa thaa; anya niyuktiyon mein moritz haptman (sadbhaav aur counterpoint), ferdinand david (violine) aur becker (anga aur sangeet siddhant) shamil they.
1822 key baad seey mendelsohan koo ack pachtawa yeh thaa kii saarvajanik anga gaayan dene key bavjood unhein apani santushti key liye apani paddle takneek vikasit karane kaa paryaapt avsar naheen milaa thaa. mendelsohan ney baad mein bataaya kii angon taka pahunch praapt karna kitna mushkil thaa, joe pahale seey hii berlin mein thaah "aggar kewal logon koo pataa hotaa kii mujhe kaise berlin mein angrakshakon koo vinati karni haye aur bhugtan karna haye aur unhein kaise kaam karna haye, tou buss ack ghante key liye anga khelane kii anumati dee jaani chaahiye-aur aise ghante key dauran mujhe iss yaa usa kaaran seey kaise" duss baar "rukna padaa, tou way nishchit roop seey alag tarah seey bolenge."kaheen aur, apani yaatraon parr, unake paas abhyaas karane key kewal chhitput avsar they, lekin aksar uttari germany mein, vishesh roop seey ingland mein, paddleboard parr maanak key anuroop naheen they. angreji organist edward holms ney 1835 mein tippani kii kii sent paul key cathedral mein mendelsohan key gaayan ney unaki gunavatta kaa swaad diyaa joe nishchit roop seey asadharan pradarshan mein uchchatam prakaar kaa haye... unhone yeh naheen maanaa kii unhone usa yantra key nirantar yaantrik abhyaas koo banaae rakhaa haye joe vistrit likhit karyon koo nishpaadit karane key liye aavashyak haye."1837 mein, ingland mein sent annie prelude aur fagyu kaa pradarshan karane key bavjood, germany lautane parr, mendelsohan ney abhee bhee asantusht mahsoos kiya, yeh likhate hue kii", iss baar maine usey gambhirta seey anga kaa abhyaas karane kaa sankalp liya haye; aakhirkaar, aggar harr koee mujhe ack organist key liye letaa haye, tou main dridh sankalpit huun, tathya key baad, ack banane key liye."1839 kii garmiyon mein hii ack avsar aaya jaba unhone frankfurt mein chhah saptah chhutti bitaai. vahaan unhein apani patni cecil key chachere bhaai friedrich schlemer key paddle piano taka dainik pahunch thee aur shayed unake madhyam seey, franz aur phillip stum dwara nirmit katharinenkirche mein anga taka pahunch thee.
agast 1840 mein mendelsohan key shram kaa phal dekhaa gayaah thomaskirche mein unakaa pahala anga gaayan. sangeet karyakram seey praapt aaya thomaskirche key aspas kii ack bachh kii moorti kii or jaani thee. sangeet karyakram mein adhikansh pradarshanon kaa pradarshan mendelsohan ney kaheen aur kiya thaa, lekin phir bhee jaisa kii unhone apani maan koo likhaa, "maine pichhale aathh dinon mein itna abhyaas kiya kii main mushkil seey apane dou pairon parr khadaa hoe sakata thaa aur sadak parr kuchh bhee naheen balki anga maargon mein chala sakata thaa."sangeet karyakram poori tarah seey baakh key sangeet key liye samarpit thaa, sivaay anta mein ack tatkalik" "muft kalpana" "key. darshakon mein bujurg friedrich rocklitz they, joe "olgemine musicalische zitung" key sansthaapak sampaadak they, ack patrika jisane baakh key sangeet koo badhaava diyaa thaah rocklitz ney baad mein ghoshana kii haye, "main abb shaanti seey ravaana hoe jaaoonga, kyonki main kabhi bhee kuchh bhee behtar yaa adhik utkrisht naheen sunoonga."gaayan kii shuruat sent annie prelude aur fagyu beadbluevy 552 key saath hui. ekmatra coral prelude mahaan athaarah coral preludes seey" "shmuke ditch, oh laibe seele" beadbluevy 654 thaa, joe mendelsone aur shuman donon kaa pasandida thaa.  usa samay taka inmein seey bahut cumm yaa orgelbooklin seey chhote corell prelude prakaashit kiye gaye they. mendelsohan ney donon seton kaa ack sanskaran taiyar kiya jise 1844 mein leapsig mein bratecoff aur hartel dwara aur landan mein coventory aur hollier dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. lagbhag usee samay leapsig mein peaters key prakaashan gharaane ney friedrich konrad gripenkaral aur ferdinand roitz dwara sampaadit nau khandon mein baach key poorna anga karyon kaa ack sanskaran taiyar kiya. ee flat prelude aur fuge beadbluevy 552 volume III (1845) mein dikhaai detaa haye, corell prelude beadbluevy 669-682, volume vi aur vii (1847) mein 684-689 aur volume v (1846) mein beadbluevy 683 orgelbuclin seey corell prelude key saath dikhaai detaa haye.
1845 mein, jaba robbert ack ghabarahat seey uber rahey they aur unake piano concerto key puuraa honey seey kuchh maheene pahale, schuman ney apane seedhe piano key neeche rakhane key liye ack paddleboard kiraaye parr liya. jaisa kii usa samay clara ney record kiya thaa, "24 aprail koo humm pianofort key neeche sanlagn karane key liye ack paddle-board kiraaye parr leey gaye, aur hamein isase bahut anand huaa. hamara mukhya uddeshya anga khelane kaa abhyaas karna thaa. lekin robbert koo jald hii iss vaadyayantra mein adhik ruchi millie aur unhone isake liye kuchh rekhaachitra aur adhyayan banaae joe nishchit roop seey kuchh nae key roop mein uchch pasand paae jaate hain."paddleflugal" aadhar jiss parr piano rakhaa gayaa thaa, usamen 29 chaabiyan theen joe 29 alag-alag hathaudon seey judee theen aur piano key peechhe taaron koo gher liya gayaa thaa. paddle board kaa nirmaan usee leapsig firm dwara kiya gayaa thaa joe luis scone ney 1843 mein leapsig conservatory mein chhatron key upayog key liye bhavya paddle piano pradaan kiya thaa. anga aur paddle piano key liye apane swayam key kissy bhee bhagode aur cannon kii rachana karane seey pahale, schuman ney baakh key anga karyon kaa saavdhaanipoorvak adhyayan kiya thaa, jiska unake paas ack vyaapak sangrah thaa. clara schuman kii baakh pustak, baakh dwara anga karyon kaa ack sankalan, joe abb remensnider baach sansthaan key abhilekhagar mein haye, mein robbert schuman dwara vistrit vishleshanatmak nishan key saath "clavier-ubang III" kaa puuraa sangrah haye. 1850 mein baakh kii mrityu kii shatabdi parr, schuman, becker, haptman aur otto zaan ney baakh gasselshaft kii sthaapana kii, joe prakaashan key liye samarpit ack sansthaan haye, binaa kissy sampadakiya parivardhan key, prakashakon key madhyam seey baakh key poorna karyon koo bratecoff aur hartel. pariyojana 1900 mein poori hui thee. keyboard karyon key liye samarpit teesare khand mein "aavishkaar aur synphonia" aur clavier-ubang key chaar bhaag shamil they. yeh 1853 mein sampaadak key roop mein prakaashit huaa thaa.
sitambar 1853 key anta mein, violine vaadak aur sangeetkaar joseph joachim dwara anushansit kiye jaane key baad, bees varsheeya johannes brahm dusseldorf mein schuman key ghar key darwaaje parr dikhaai diye, navambar kii shuruat taka unake saath rahey. shuman kii tarah, shayed aur bhee adhik, brahm butch key sangeet seey gaharaai seey prabhaavit they. apane aagaman key turant baad unhone shuman key ack dost joseph euler key ghar mein aff beadbluevy 540/1 mein baach key organ tokkata key piano parr ack prastuti dee. brahm kii yatra key teen maheene baad, schuman kii mansik sthiti bigad gaeeh ack aatmahatya key prayaas key baad, schuman ney khud koo bone key paas endenich mein sanatorium mein samarpit curr diyaa, jahaan, brahm seey kaee baar jaane key baad, 1856 mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. isaki sthaapana seey, brahm ney betch-jesselshaft kii sadasyata leey lii, jiska way 1881 mein sampaadak baney. ack organist aur praarambhik aur barok sangeet key vidwan, unhone saavdhaanipoorvak anga karyon kii apani pratiyon kaa vishleshan kiya; unhone apane anga counterpoint mein samanantar paanch aur octave key baach key upayog kaa ack alag adhyayan kiya. brahm key baach sangrah koo abb vienna mein gasselshaft dair musicfrunde mein sanrakshit kiya gayaa haye, jisamen seey way 1872 mein sangeet nirdeshak aur sanchaalak baney. 1875 mein, unhone ee flat beadbluevy 552/1 mein prastaavana key bernhard scholes dwara ack orchestra vyavastha key musicoverin mein ack pradarshan kiya. 1896 mein, unaki mrityu seey ack saal pahale, brahm ney anga key liye gyaarah chorel prastavnaon kaa apana sett banaaya, op.122. jaise shuman, joe 1845 mein mansik bimari seey ubarane key dauran chikitsa key ack roop key roop mein backpoint kii or muda gaye, brahm ney bhee baakh key sangeet koo apani antim bimari key dauran salutory key roop mein dekhaa. jaisa kii brahm key mitra aur jeevanikaar max kalbeck ney bataayah
max rejar ack sangeetkaar they jinake baakh key prati samarpan koo sangeetvid johannes lorenzen dwara "monomaniacal identification" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haih patron mein unhone aksar "alvater baach" kaa ullekh kiya. apane jeevan key dauran, shaasak ney 1895 mein shuru honey vaale piano ekal, piano yugal yaa dou piano key liye 38 anga karyon kii vyavastha sahit baach kii 428 rachanaon kii vyavastha yaa sampadan kiya. usee samay unhone apani badee sankhya mein anga karyon kaa nirmaan kiya. pahale seey hii 1894 mein, german sangeet mein adhuniktawadi rujhaanon parr pratikriya karate hue, organist aur sangeetvid heinrich reman ney baakh kii shally mein vaapsee koo protsaahit karate hue kahaa thaa kii, "iss shally seey parey koee moksh naheen haye... baakh isi kaaran seey anga key liye likhane kii hamari kalaa kaa mandand bunn jaataa haye."1894-1895 mein rejar ney ee minor mein anga key liye apana pahala soot banaaya jise 1896 mein" "johann sebastian baach kii smriti mein samarpan key saath unake op.16 key roop mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. mool irada teen andolanon mein ack sonata thaah ack parichay aur teen baar bhagoda; coral parr ack "adaggio" "ist daas hell una comen harr"; aur ack pasacaglia. antim sanskaran mein, rejar ney teesare andolan key roop mein ack intermezo (ack sherzo aur tikadi) daala aur adaggio kaa vistaar kiya taaki luthran bhajan "aus typher nott" aur "oh hapt woll blut unda bundon" parr ack kendriya khand hoe. 1896 mein, shaasak ney kamare kii ack prati brahmon koo bheji, joe unakaa ekmatra sampark thaa. patra mein unhone bhavishya mein brahmanon koo ack kaam samarpit karane kii anumati maangi, jiska unhein jawab milaa, "halanki isake liye anumati nishchit roop seey aavashyak naheen haye! mujhe muskurana padaa, kyonki aap iss mamle key baare mein mujhase sampark karate hain aur saath hii ack kaam koo bhee sanlagn karate hain jiska bahut badaa samarpan mujhe daraa detaa haye!"suit kaa samagr roop joseph reinberger key aathven anga sonata op.132 (1882) aur brahm key symphany kii yojana kaa anusaran kartaa haye. antim pasacaglia see minor beadbluevy 582/1 mein baakh key anga pasacaglia kaa ack sachet sandarbh thaa, lekin reinberger key sonata aur brams kii chauthi symphany donon kii antim gatividhiyon key saath spasht sambandh haye. doosara andolan trikoniya roop mein ack "adaggio" haye, jisamen kendriya khand kii shuruat seedhe "clavier-ubang III" key pedalitar corell prelude beadbluevy 686 mein "aus typher nott" kii setting seey prerit haye, joe vaadya counterpoint key sangeetkaar key roop mein baakh koo shraddhanjali detaa haye. isaki chhah bhaagon kii ack samaan ghanee banaavat haye, unamen seey dou paddle mein hain. baahari khand seedhe taur parr corell key sangeet roop "oh mensh, beveen dn soonde grow" beadbluevy 622 seey "orgelbuclin" seey prerit hain. iss suit kaa pradarshan pahali baar 1897 mein trinity church, berlin mein reman key ack chhaatr, organist carle stroub dwara kiya gayaa thaa. baad mein stroub key ack chhaatr key ack khaate key anusaar, reman ney iss kaam koo "itna kathin kii lagbhag khelane yogya naheen thaa" key roop mein varnit kiya thaa, jisane "stroub kii gunaatmak mahatvakanksha koo uksaayaa thaa, jisase vaha kaam mein mahaarat hassil karane key baare mein nirdhaarit hoe gayaa thaa, jisane usey poori tarah seey naee takniki samasyaon seey pahale rakhaa, jisamen oorjaa kii kamee thee."stroub ney 1898 mein dou aur pradarshan kiye, vessel key cathedral mein, jahan unhein haal hii mein organist niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, aur usase pahale frankfurt mein, jahan way pahali baar reeger seey mille they. 1902 mein, stroub koo thomaskarche mein organist niyukt kiya gayaa aur agale varsh cantor mein; vaha mukhya prastaavak aur reasure key anga karyon key kalakar bunn gaye.
ingland.
prachalit sangeet swaad aur pandulipi pratiyon koo praapt karane mein kathinaaee key alawa, angreji aur german angon key design key beach ack maulik antar ney baakh key anga utpaadan koo angreji organists key liye cumm sulabh banaa diyaa, arthaat paddleboard kii anupasthiti. handell kaa pramukh kaam organ key liye hotaa haye, unake organ concert opp. 4 aur opp. 7, opp. 7 number. 1 key sambhaavit apavaad key saath, sabhi koo ack manual kaksh anga key liye likhaa gayaa prateet hotaa haye. 1830 key dashak taka, ingland mein adhikansh church angon mein alag-alag paddle pipe naheen they aur isase pahale paddleboard vaale kuchh anga sabhi "pull-down" they.ee. paddle joe manual seey judey pipes koo sanchaalit karate hain, rook jaate hain.
paddleboard mein shayed hii kabhi 13 seey adhik chaabiyan (ack saptak) yaa asadharan roop seey 17 chaabiyan (ack saptak aur aadhaa) hoti hain. 1790 key baad seey pull-down paddleboard adhik aam hoe gaye. clavier-ubang III" mein pedalitar chorel prelude key liye 30-kunji vaale paddleboard kii aavashyakta hoti haye, joe see. see. seey aff. taka jaataa haye. yahee kaaran haye kii ingland mein baakh jaagriti kii shuruat anga yaa anga rachanaon parr bajaai jaane vaali clavier rachanaon key saath hui jise yaa tou piano yugal key liye yaa ack anga mein dou (yaa kabhi-kabhi teen) khilaadiyon key liye anukoolit kiya jaa rhaa thaa. baakh key anga sangeet mein naee ruchi, saath hii 1784 key handell smaranotsav key bhavya aur garaj key saath saamoohik prabhaavon koo punah utpann karane kii ichcha, antatah ingland mein anga nirmaataon koo prabhaavit karati haye. 1840 key dashak taka, 1800 key aspas shuru honey vaale paddle aur paddle pipe key saath prayogon kii ack shrinkhala key baad (audyogik kranti kii bhavna mein), nava nirmit aur maujooda angon koo achchi tarah seey sthaapit german model key anusaar, paddle key liye samarpit diapeson pipe seey susajjit kiya jaanaa shuru hoe gayaa. sent paul key cathedral mein anga 1694 mein pitaa smith seey shuru huaa aur 1697 mein puuraa huaa, christopher raine dwara ack mamle key saath, asadharan roop seey pahale seey hii 18 veen shatabdi key pahale bhaag mein, shayed 1720 kii shuruat mein, handell kii sifarish parr, pull-down german paddle key 25-kii paddleboard (dou octave see-see ') key saath fitt kiya gayaa thaa. 1790 key dashak taka, inhen alag-alag paddle pipes seey jodaa gayaa thaa, jinka varnan rees cyclopedia (1819) mein vistrit chitron key saath kiya gayaa thaa. 1834 mein villium hill dwara nirmit birmingham town holl mein chaar-manual "rakshas" anga mein peddleboard seey judey peddle pipe key teen sett they, jinhen manual keyboard key baain or dou-octave keyboard dwara swatantra roop seey sanchaalit kiya jaa sakata thaa. pahaadi parr vishal 32 phut paddle pipe sthaapit karane kaa prayog, kuchh abhee bhee maujood hain, kewal aanshik roop seey safal rhaa, kyonki unake paimaane ney unhein thheek seey dhwani karane kii anumati naheen dee.
organist, sangeetkaar aur sangeet shikshak saimuel wesley (1766-1837) ney ingland mein baakh key sangeet mein ruchi jaagrit karane mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai, jyaadaatar 1808-1811 kii avadhi mein. apane swayam key currier mein ack khamoshi key baad, 1806 key pahale bhaag mein unhone "achche swabhaav vaale clavier" key nageli key zurich sanskaran kii ack hast prati banaai. 1808 kii shuruat mein wesley ney charles burney seey unake chelsey mein kamaron mein mulakat kii, jahan unhone unake liye '48' kii pustak kii prati seey khela, joe burney koo see seey millie thee.pee.ee. 1772 mein baakh. jaisa kii wesley ney baad mein darj kiya, burney bahut khush thaa... aur unhone ashcharya vyakt kiya kii "kitna amoort sadbhaav aur aisee paripurna aur mantramugdh karane vaali dhuna itani adbhut roop seey ekjut hoe sakati thee!"" wesley ney baad mein burney seey paramarsh kiya, joe abb baakh key sangeet mein parivartit hoe gaye hain, apane swayam key sahee pratilekhan koo prakaashit karane key liye apani pariyojana parr, yeh kahate hue kii "," mujhe vishvaas haye kii main kaafee surakshit roop seey pushti curr sakata huun kii abb ingland mein merrie sabse sahee prati haye. "yeh pariyojana antatah charles fredrick horn key saath shuru kii gaee thee, joe 1810 aur 1813 key beach chaar kishton mein prakaashit hui thee. juuna 1808 mein ack sangeet karyakram key baad hannover varg kakshon key dauran jiss dauran waysley ney '48' key kuchh anshon kaa pradarshan kiya, unhone tippani kii kii," "yeh prashansaniya sangeet sangeet" "fashion mein khela jaa sakata haye; aap dekhate hain kii maine kewal ack mamuli prayog koo jokhim mein daala haye, aur isane shahar koo thheek usee tarah seey vidyuteekrit kiya haye jaise humm chaahte they."aage key sangeet karyakram vahaan aur sarre chappel mein benjamin jacob key saath hue, joe ack saathi organist thaa, jisake saath wesley ney baakh key baare mein bahut adhik samvaad kiya. sangeetvid aur organist villium crotch, baakh key ack anya adhivakta, ney 1809 mein hanovar varg kamaron mein "achche swabhaav vaale clavier" seey ee pramukh fagyu beadbluevy 878/2 key apane sanskaran koo prakaashit karane seey pahale baakh parr vyakhyan diyaa. parichay mein, yeh tippani karane key baad kii butch bhagode "nishpaadan key liye bahut kathin, gahan roop seey vidwan aur atyadhik saral" they, unhone unaki "prachalit shally" koo "utkrisht" key roop mein varnit kiya. 1810 taka, wesley ney sent mein "clavier-ubang III" seey ee flat fug beadbluevy 552/2 karane kaa apana irada bataaya thaa. paul kaa girjaghar. 1812 mein, hanovar varg kamaron mein unhone sangeet prakaashan firm novello aind koo key sansthaapak, arranger vincent novello key saath organ yugal aur orchestra key liye ee flat prastaavana kii ack vyavastha kii, joe baad mein baakh key poorna organ karyon kaa ack angreji sanskaran laayegi. 1827 mein, ee flat fagyu koo jacob dwara organ yaa piano yugal key liye vyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa aur dou saal baad sent mein organ parr teen khilaadiyon dwara bhee pradarshan kiya gayaa thaa. james, bermondsey, jahan paddle koo poorak keyboard parr khela jaa sakata thaa. iska upayog organists key liye audition key liye bhee kiya gayaa thaah wesley key bete saimuel sebastian wesley ney khud 1827 mein ise khela, jaba rojgar kii talash mein (asafal). clavier-ubang III" seey coral prastaavana bhee iss avadhi key dauran kii gaee theeh benjamin koo likhe apane patron mein, wesley ney vishesh roop seey "wire glauben" beadbluevy 680 kaa ullekh kiya haye, joe paddle bhaag mein streading figure key kaaran "vishal bhagode" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa thaa. 1837 taka, anga parr paddle takneek ingland mein paryaapt roop seey vikasit hoe gaee thee kii sangeetkaar aur organist elizabeth sterling (1819-1895) sent catherine, regent park aur sent mein sangeet karyakram dey sakate they. sepultures, kaee pedalitar coral prelude (beadbluevy 676,678,682,684) key saath-saath aiss. tii. annie prelude beadbluevy 552/1 vaale holborne. (yeye ack mahila organist dwara ingland mein pahale saarvajanik gaayan they; 1838 mein unhone beadbluevy 669-670 aur aiss. tii. aff. doubleu. vee. 552/2 kaa pradarshan kiya.) usee varsh wesley aur unaki betty koo christ church key anga loft mein aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa, joe kii felix mendelsohan dwara ack baach gaayan key liye nayaa dwaar thaa. jaisa kii mendelsohan ney apani diarry mein darj kiya haye,
ack saptah baad, mendelsohan ney birmingham town holl mein organ parr sent annie prelude aur fagyu beadbluevy 552 khela. sangeet karyakram seey pahale, unhone apani maan koo ack patra mein bataayah
agale maheene wesley kii mrityu hoe gaee. mendelsohan ney britten kii kull 10 yaatraaen keen, pahali baar 1829 mein, aakhiri baar 1847 mein. unaki pahali yatra, jaba way apane dost piyanovadak aur sangeetkaar ignaz moschales key saath rahey, ack shandar safalata rahee thee aur mendelsohan koo british sangeet samaaj key sabhi vargon dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa. 1833 mein britten kii apani chauthi yatra parr unake saath unake pitaa bhee they aur unhone satrah varsheeya piyanovadak-sangeetkaar villium sterandale bennet koo apana pahala piano sangeet karyakram karate hue sunaa. 10 saal kii umr mein mendelsohan jaise ack sangeet pratibha ney sangeet kii shaahi akadami mein pravesh kiya thaa, jahan unhein crotch dwara padhaaya gayaa thaa. vaha ack kushal anga chikitsak bhee they, joe baakh key karyon seey parichit they. (organist key roop mein sankshipt niyuktiyon key baad, unhone baad mein hanovar varg kamaron mein organ parr abhyaas kiya, baad mein apane bete koo peddle-piano parr kathin peddle maargon mein mahaarat hassil karke aashcharyachakit curr diyaa.) mendelsohan ney turant unhein germany aamantrit kiya. kathit taur parr jaba sterandale bennet ney apane chhaatr key roop mein jaane key liye kahaa, tou mendelsohan ney jawab diyaa, "naheen, naheen, aapako meraa dost banane key liye aanaa chaahiye."sterandale bennet ney antatah octuber 1836 seey juuna 1837 taka 6 maheene key liye leapsig kaa daura kiya. vahaan unhone schuman key saath dosti kii, joe unake aatma saathi aur peene vaale saathi bunn gaye. sterandale bennet ney 1838-1839 aur 1842 mein mendelsohan aur schuman key jivankal key dauran germany kii kewal dou aur yaatraaen keen, halanki unhone unaki dosti koo banaae rakhaa aur mendelsohan kii britten yaatraon kii vyavastha karane mein madad kii. vaha landan mein apane kaksh sangeet key sangeet karyakramon kaa ayojan karate hue baakh key dridh samarthak bunn gaye. way 1849 mein landan mein mool betch society key sansthapakon mein seey ack they, joe mukhya roop seey coral key roop mein baakh key karyon key pradarshan aur sangrah key liye samarpit they. 1854 mein, unhone ingland mein sent key pahale pradarshan kaa manchan kiya. hannover varg kamaron mein matway junoon.
pahale seey hii 1829 mein, mendelsohan thomas atwood key saath dost bunn gaye they, jinhone mosart key saath adhyayan kiya thaa aur 1796 seey sent paul cathedral key organist they. atwood key madhyam seey mendelsone ney sent paul key anga taka pahunch praapt kii, joe paddleboard key asamanya sanrekhan key bavjood, betch key liye upayukt thaa. 1837 mein, halanki, sent paul mein ack gaayan key dauran, wesley key saath khelane seey thheek pahale, anga koo havaa kii aapoorti achaanak baadhit hoe gaee thee; baad key ack khaate mein, kii unhein aksar pareshan karane key liye phir seey kahana padata thaa, mendelsohan ney bataaya kii george cooper, upa-jeev,
cooper kaa betaa, jise george bhee kahaa jaataa haye, sent paul mein agala upa-jeev bunn gayaa. unhone baakh key organ sangeet koo badhaava diyaa aur 1845 mein hollier aind edison dwara prakaashit "clavier-ubang iii" seey corell prastaavana "wire glauben" beadbluevy 680 key pahale angreji sanskaran kaa nirmaan kiya, jise unhone isake strid peddle bhaag key kaaran "vishal bhagoda" kahaa. 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein, yeh sabhi pedalitar corell prelude mein sabse prasiddh bunn gayaa
"clavier-ubang III" aur ack madhyavarti star parr anga sanklanon mein novello dwara alag seey kaee baar punah prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa.
raani victoria key simhaasan parr baithane key baad 1842 mein mendelsohan kii aathvin yatra hui. unake pati rajkumar albert ack utsuk organist they aur unake prabhaav mein, baakh kaa sangeet shaahi sangeet samarohon mein prastut kiya jaane lagaa. buckingham palace key liye apane dou nimantranon mein seey dusare parr, mendelsohan ney albert key anga parr kaam kiya aur raani key saath dou geeton mein fanny aur khud key saath they. inn dou yaatraon key beach, unhone ack baar phir sent annie prelude aur fagyu kaa pradarshan kiya, iss baar "pavitra harmonic society" dwara aayojit ack sangeet karyakram mein 3,000 darshakon key saamane. landan mein kuchh church anga they jinamen german paddle board see. see. taka jaa rahey theh jinamen sent shamil they. paul kaa cathedral, christ church, newgate aur sent. peater, cornhill, jahan mendelsohan aksar ekal gaayan karate they. 1847 mein apani pichhali yatra key dauran, unhone kuchh dinon baad prince albert dwara aayojit "pracheen sangeet karyakramon" mein seey ack key dauran, darshakon mein villium gladstone key saath, hanovar varg kamaron mein "betch" beadbluevy 898 key naam parr "bamushkil karyatmak anga" kii prastaavana aur bhagoda khelane seey pahale, meey mein buckingham palace mein victoria aur albert kaa ack baar phir manoranjan kiya.
1840 key dashak key anta aur 1850 key dashak kii shuruat mein, ingland mein anga nirmaan adhik sthir aur cumm prayogaatmak hoe gayaa, jisamen germany mein paramparaon aur france mein navacharon kaa jaija liya gayaa, vishesh roop seey aristide caville-cole jaise anga nirmaataon kii naee peedhi seey. 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein ingland mein anga bhawan mein mukhya naamon mein seey ack heinry vilis thaa. jiss tarah seey anga sent key liye haye. george key holl, liverpool kii yojana banaai gaee thee aur iska nirmaan 1840 key dashak key nicolaus theeslathwaite key "insular andolan" seey sthaapit german pranali koo apanaane key liye sankraman kaa prateek haye. 1845 mein aupchaarik roop seey anga parr yojana shuru huih liverpool nigam key mukhya salaahkaar saimuel sebestian wesley they, joe saimuel wesley key bete they aur ack kushal organist they, vishesh roop seey baakh key. unhone sangeet key vishvavidyalaya key professors key ack panel key saath paramarsh mein kaam kiya, joe aksar unake sanaki sujhaavon seey asahmat they. jaba wesley ney haath seey banaae gaye keyboards kii seema key baare mein bahas karane kii koshish kii, baaen haath seey octave khelane kii sambhavana seey khud koo sahee thaharaate hue, unhein professors dwara yaad dilaaya gayaa kii pahale darr key organists kii tulanaa mein piyanovadakon mein octave kaa upayog adhik aam thaa aur isake alawa jaba way leads church mein organist they, tou jee. jee. manual parr aadhe darjan kii sabse cumm chabiyon parr dhool maheenon taka aniyantrit rahee."vilis koo 1851 mein hii anga banaane key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, jaba unhone mahaan pradarshani key dauran chrystal palace mein pradarshit kiye gaye winchester cathedral key anga key saath samiti koo prabhaavit kiya thaa. poorna anga mein chaar manual keyboard aur ack tees kii paddleboard they, jisamen paddle pipe key 17 sett aur cc seey aff taka kii seema thee. upkaran mein asman swabhaav thaa aur, jaisa kii wesley ney nirdhaarit kiya thaa, vayu aapoorti aathh horse-power bhaap injan dwara sanchaalit dou badey bhoomigat ghanti seey aatee thee. vilis dwara pesh kiye gaye navacharon mein belnakar paddle-valve, vaayaviya leaver aur sanyojan kriya shamil they, baad kii dou visheshtaon koo 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein angreji anga nirmaataon dwara vyaapak roop seey apanaaya gayaa thaa. 1855 mein villium thomas best dwara iss anga kaa udghaatan kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen usa varsh baad mein nivasi angarakshak niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, joe hajaaron kii bheed koo yahaan unake khelane key liye aakarshit karate they. 1867 mein, unhone anga koo samaan swabhaav mein vaapas leey liya. way 1894 taka apane pada parr rahey, chrystal palace, sent james holl aur royal albert holl sahit ingland mein kaheen aur pradarshan karate rahey. sent annie prelude aur fagyu beadbluevy 552 kaa upayog 1859 mein sent james holl mein "lokpriya somwar sangeet karyakramon" kii shrinkhala shuru karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa; aur baad mein 1871 mein raani victoria kii upasthiti mein shaahi albert holl mein navanirmit vilis organ kaa udghaatan karane key liye.
france.
france mein, back kaa punruddhar jarh pakadane mein dheema thaa. 1840 key dashak key anta seey pahale, francisi kranti key kaaran hui uthal-puthal key baad, france mein saarvajanik sangeet karyakramon mein baakh shayed hii kabhi kiya jaataa thaa aur yeh pasand kiya jaataa thaa kii church key organist counterpoint key bajaay operatic arias yaa lokpriya air khelate hain. ack apavaad disambar 1833 mein peris conservatoir mein ack saarvajanik pradarshan thaa, jise dou saal baad sailoon pape mein dohraya gayaa, teen harpsicard beadbluevy 1063 key liye baach key concerto key shuruati "algro" kaa, jise choppin, liszt aur hiller dwara piano parr khela gayaa thaa. berlios ney baad mein unaki pasand koo "murkhtapurna aur hasyaspad", unaki pratibha key ayogya bataaya. charles gaunad ney 1839 mein prix dee rome jeetaa thaa aur rome key vilaa medisi mein teen saal bitaaye, jahan unhone palestrina key bahubhashi sangeet mein ack bhavuk ruchi vikasit kii. vaha mendelsohan kii bahan fanny seey bhee milaa, joe khud ack kushal sangeet karyakram piyanovadak thee aur taba taka kalakar wilhelm hensel seey shaadi curr chuki theeh gaunad ney usey "ack utkrisht sangeetkaar aur ack utkrisht buddhi kii mahila, chhoti, patali, lekin ack aisee oorjaa key saath upahaarit mahila key roop mein varnit kiya joe usaki gahari aankho aur usake jalate hue roop mein dikhaai detee thee."jawab mein fanny ney apani diarry mein likhaa kii gaunad koo" sangeet kaa junoon thaa, jiss tarah seey maine pahale shayed hii kabhi dekhaa hoe."unhone butch key sangeet mein gaunad kii shuruat kii, piano parr unake liye smriti bhagodon, sangeet samarohon aur sonata seey bajaate hue. 1842 mein apane pravaas key anta mein, panchish varsheeya gaunod ack pusht butch bhakt bunn gaye they. 1843 mein, vienna mein saat maheene rahane key baad, fanny seey parichay patra key saath, gaunod ney leapsig mein apane bhaai key saath 4 dinn bitaaye. mendelsohan ney unake liye thomaskirche key anga parr baakh bajaaya aur gavendhoss orchestra dwara unaki scotish symphany kaa pradarshan kiya, vishesh roop seey unake sammaan mein aayojit kiya gayaa. peris mein vaapas, gaunod ney ruu dee back parr églice des مشن étranères mein organist aur sangeet nirdeshak key roop mein ack niyukti lii, iss shart parr kii unhein sangeet parr swaayatta kii anumati dee jaayegih baakh aur palestrina ney apane pradarshanon key pradarshan mein dridhata seey kaam kiya. jaba church jaane vaalon ney shuru mein iss dainik aahar parr apatti jataai, tou gaunod kaa saamana abbe seey huaa, joe antatah gaunod kii sthitiyon key saamane jhuk gayaa, halanki tippani kiye binaa naheen "aap kitane bhayaanak aadami hain!"
1840 aur 1850 key dashak key anta mein france mein organist-composure kaa ack nayaa school ubhara, joe sabhi baakh key anga karyon mein prashikshit they. inmein frank, sent-saine, forrey aur vidor shamil they. francisi kranti key baad, barok aur pahale key avadhiyon, vishesh roop seey palestrina, baakh aur handell key coral sangeet mein france mein ruchi kaa punruddhar pahale seey hii hoe chuka thaah alekjendar-attien choron ney 1817 mein "sansthaan royal dee music classic aitt religios" kii sthaapana kii. 1834 mein julaai kranti aur choron kii mrityu key baad, sansthaan key disha mein, "conservatoir dee music classic dee france" kaa naam badalkar luis neadermayer dwara leey liya gayaa aur apana naam "royal music classic dee france" key roop mein leey liya. conservatory dee peris key saath, yeh francisi organists key liye mukhya prashikshan maidanon mein seey ack bunn gayaa. belgium key sangeetkaar aur sangeetvid francois-joseph fatice, peris mein ack samkaaleen aur coron key sahayogi, ney praarambhik aur barok sangeet mein apani ruchi saajha kii. fatis ney brussels mein bhee isi tarah kaa prabhaav daala, jahan unhein 1832 mein brussels key shaahi sanrakshanalaya kaa nideshak niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, ack pada joe unhone 1871 mein apani mrityu taka sambhala.
usee samay, francisi anga nirmaata vishesh roop seey kuleen caville-cole angon kii naee shrinkhala kaa utpaadan karna shuru curr rahey they, joe unake paddleboard key saath, baakh key sangeet key saath-saath aadhunik symphonic rachanaon donon key liye design kiye gaye they. paramparaon mein parivartan kaa pataa 1844 mein doubline aur calinate dwara nirmit sent eustash key liye anga key udghaatan seey lagaaya jaa sakata haye. german organ gunee adolph friedrich hese koo nae vaadyayantra koo pradarshit karane key liye paanch perisiyon key saath aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. apane gaayan key hisse key roop mein hese ney aff mejar, beadbluevy 540/1 mein baach kaa tokkata khela, jisase peris key darshakon koo paddle takneek sunane kii anumati millie joe usa samay france mein jaani jaati thee. unake paddle khelane seey prabhaavit hotey hue, usa samay key francisi tippanikaron ney mishrit prashansa kii, ack tippani mein kahaa kii, jabaki vaha "paddle kaa raajaa" hoe sakata haye... vaha shakti aur shore key alawa kuchh naheen sochata, uska khel aashcharyachakit kartaa haye, lekin aatma seey baat naheen kartaa haye. vaha hamesha ack krodhit bhagwan kaa mantri prateet hotaa haye joe dandit karna chaahata haye."ack anya tippanikar, jinhone pahale ack audyogik pradarshani mein anga parr butch khelate hue sunaa thaa, ney kahaa kii" yadi doubline-calinate firm kaa anga neeche seey oopar taka sahee haye, tou monsear hese ack poorna organist haye."nae anga kaa jivankal chhota thaah yeh disambar 1844 mein ack mombatti key girane seey aag seey nasht hoe gayaa thaa.
dou belgium key organist-composure, frank aur jack-nicolaus lemens ney 1854 mein sent eustash mein nae anga key udghaatan mein bhaag liya. lemens ney hese aur fatis key saath adhyayan kiya thaa; pahale seey hii 1850 key dashak kii shuruat mein unhone peris mein saarvajanik sangeet karyakram denaa shuru curr diyaa thaa, jisamen baakh key anga sangeet kii visheshta thee aur germany mein unhone joe shandar pair takneek seekhi thee, uska upayog kiya thaa. usee samay lemens ney "organists doo kulte catholic" key upayog key liye ack anga pustika kii 18 kishten prakaashit kii theen, joe anga khelane kii baakh parampara kaa puuraa parichay detee hain, jise abb seey france mein apanaaya gayaa haye.
1855 mein, piano firm erard ney ack nayaa vaadya, peddle piano () pesh kiya, joe ack poorna german shally key peddleboard key saath susajjit ack bhavya piano thaa. francisi sangeetkaar, organist aur gunee piyanovadak charles valentin alkan aur lemens ney iss parr sangeet karyakram diye, jisamen baakh key tokkata, fagyuz aur organ key liye chorel prelude key pradarshan shamil they. 1858 mein, alkan key ack dost frank ney apane niji upayog key liye ack "pedallier" praapt kiya. baalak key bhakt aur baakh gasselshaft key pahale grahakon mein seey ack, alkan ney "pedallier" key liye vyaapak roop seey rachana kii, jisamen 1866 mein akele paddleboard key liye baarah adhyayanon kaa ack sett shamil thaa. 1870 key dashak mein, alkan, usa samay taka ack ekantwasi, apane "pedallier" kaa upayog karke harr saal saile erard mein saarvajanik "chhote sangeet karyakramon" kii ack shrinkhala dene key liye laut aayaah alkan key pradarshanon mein sent annie prastaavana key saath-saath kaee corell prastaavanaaen bhee shamil theen.
france mein swaad mein parivartan key aur sanket theh 1857 seey 1877 taka medleen mein organist sent-saine ney, iss tarah key anurodh kaa jawab dete hue, ack avsar parr, "monsier ell 'abbe, jaba main munch seey opera comic kii bhasha sunoonga, tou main halka sangeet bajaaunga. pahale naheen!"sant-saine phir bhee sevaaon mein baach key sangeet kaa upayog karane key liye anichhuk they. unhone prastavnaon, bhagodon, tokkata aur vividhataon koo sangeet karyakram key pradarshan key liye gunee tukadon key roop mein maanaa; aur corell prastaavana koo catholic samooh mein shamil karane key liye bahut adhik protestant key roop mein maanaa. sent annie prelude aur fagyu kaa upayog aksar sent-saine dwara caville-coll angon key udghaatan key liye kiya jaataa thaa; peris mein; unhone sent sulpis (1862), notre dame (1868), trinit (1869), versail mein chappel (1873) aur trocadero (1878) mein udghaatan key liye khela.
19veen shatabdi key antim dou dashakon mein france mein baakh key anga sangeet mein ruchi kaa punruddhar huaa. 1878 mein teesari peris pradarshani key liye banaae gaye puraane palace doo trocadero key nae caville-college organ yaa "saile days fates" parr saarvajanik sangeet karyakram they, joe organist alekjendar gillment, lemens key ack chhaatr dwara aayojit kiye gaye they, joe eugene gigaut key sanyojan mein they, yeye pradarshani key dauran chhah muft sangeet karyakramon key roop mein shuru hue. bhaari bheed koo aakarshit karate hue-sangeet karyakram holl mein 5,000 loga baith sakate they aur kabhi-kabhi atirikt 2,000 loga khade hoe sakate they-sangeet karyakram sadee key anta taka jaari rahey. gillmont ney mukhya roop seey dou sangeetkaron key anga sangeet koo prograam kiya, jinhen unhone "sangeet diggaj", baakh aur handell key roop mein sandarbhit kiya, joe abhee bhee inn badey paimaane parr darshakon key liye agyaat hain, saath hii saath bookstehood aur frescobaldi jaise puraane guruon key kaam bhee. sent annie prelude aur fagyu sangeet samarohon mein pradarshit kiya gayaa, sent-saine ise 1879 mein pahale mein seey ack mein bajaate hain aur 1899 mein phir seey shrinkhala kii beesavin varshgaanth koo chihnit karane key liye ack vishesh sangeet karyakram mein gillment karate hain. sangeet karyakram france mein baakh key ack nae "finn dee saikil" panth kaa pratinidhitva karate they. yeh apane virodhiyon key binaa naheen thaah sangeet aalochak camill bellig (1858-1930) ney 1888 mein baakh koo "pratham darr boor" key roop mein varnit kiyaah
baakh key corell prelude koo francisi angon key pradarshan mein pravesh karane mein dair hui. seasure frank, halanki saarvajanik roop seey kewal ack kaam karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, aksar 1870 aur 1880 key dashak mein conservatoir dee peris mein pariksha key tukadon key roop mein corell prelude (beadbluevy 622 aur beadbluevy 656) sett karate hain. 1890 mein unaki mrityu parr frank key uttaradhikari charles-mairi widder ney corell prelude koo anga shikshan key ack maulik bhaag key roop mein pesh kiya, jahaan baakh key anya angon ney pahale seey hii neenv rakhee thee.
vidor kaa maanana thaa kii butch kaa sangeet pratinidhitva kartaa haye
sant-saine aur apane swayam key shikshak lemens key vipareet, vidhor koo apane luthran sanghon key kaaran baakh organ sangeet bajaane mein koee apatti naheen theeh "joe unake karyon key madhyam seey bolata haye vaha shuddh dhaarmik bhavna haye; aur yeh sabhi purushon mein ack aur samaan haye, rashtriya aur dhaarmik vibhajan key bavjood jisamen humm paida hue hain aur paida hue hain."unake chhaatr, andhe sangeetkaar aur organist, luis wearn ney baad mein yaad kiyaah
vidhor kii sifarish parr, gillmont ney 1896 mein sanrakshanalaya mein anga key professor key roop mein unakaa sthaan liya. 1899 mein, unhone meuden mein apane ghar mein teen manual caville-cole anga sthaapit kiye, jahan unhone sanyukt raajya america key jeevvigyaani kii ack poori peedhi sahit chhatron kii ack vistrit shrinkhala koo sabak diyaa. unake francisi chhatron mein nadia bolangar, marcel dupre aur georges jacob they. dupre ney gyaarah saal kii umr mein aparaadh key saath sabak shuru kiya, baad mein sanrakshak mein unakaa uttaradhikari bunn gayaa. 1920 mein conservatoir mein sangeet karyakramon kii dou prasiddh shrinkhalaon mein aur agale varsh "palace doo trocadero" mein, dupre ney 10 sangeet karyakramon mein smriti seey butch key poorna anga karyon kaa pradarshan kiyaah nauvaan sangeet karyakram poori tarah seey "clavier-ubang III" seey coral prelude key liye samarpit thaa. dupre ney 1926 mein gillmont key caville-cole anga koo praapt karane key baad, meuden mein bhee padhaaya. 1911 mein peris mein unake dafanaane seey pahale, unake ghar parr gillment key liye antim sanskar seva mein, "aus typher nott" beadbluevy 686 key jacob dwara ack pradarshan shamil thaa.
20veen sadee.
20veen shatabdi key dauran, sangeet key saath-saath kuchh karyon key shaikshanik moolya koo pahchaanane kii prakriya jaari rahee, jaisa kii pablo casal dwara cello suits key prachaar mein, inn suits koo record karane vaale pahale pramukh kalakar. shaastriya sangeet key pramukh kalakar jaise willem mengelberg, advin fisher, georges anescu, leopold stokovsky, herbert wonn karajan, arther grumiaux, helmut valcha, wanda landovska, carle richar, aaee musichi, dietreach fisher-descou, glain gold ney unakaa sangeet record kiya.
20veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein ack mahatvapurna vikas aitihaasik roop seey soochit pradarshan abhyaas dwara praapt gati thee, jisamen nicolas harnoncourt jaise agraduton ney baakh key sangeet key pradarshan seey pramukhta praapt kii. unake keyboard sangeet koo phir seey aadhunik piano aur 19veen shatabdi key romantic angon key bajaay una vaadyayantron parr adhik prastut kiya gayaa jinase butch parichit they. bachh key sangeet koo bajaane aur gaane vaale samooh naa kewal vaadyayantron aur unake dinn kii pradarshan shally mein rakhe gaye they, balki unake pradarshan key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale samoohon key aakar taka bhee cumm curr diye gaye they. lekin yeh ekmatra tarika thaa jisase 20veen shatabdi mein baakh kaa sangeet sabse aage aayaah unakaa sangeet ferrucio busoni key dair seey romantic piano pratilekhon seey laker jhoolate gayakon dwara kii gaee majakia vyakhyaon, ack udghaatan walt disney kii "fantasia" film jaise orchestration aur vendi carlos kii "switch-onn baach" recording jaise synthesizer pradarshanon jaise sanskaranon mein sunaa gayaa thaa.
baakh key sangeet ney anya shailiyon koo prabhaavit kiya haye. udaaharan key liye, jaiz sangeetkaron ney unake karyon key jaiz sanskaran banaane vaalon mein jacks loussier, ian anderson, yuri caine aur aadhunik jaiz chaukadi key saath baakh key sangeet koo apanaaya haye. 20veen shatabdi key kaee sangeetkaron ney baakh yaa unake sangeet kaa ullekh kiya, udaaharan key liye ekal violine key liye chhah sonata mein eugene yasai, 24 prastavnaon mein demetry shostakovich aur "bachianas brasiliras" mein fages aur heater vilaa-lobos. sabhi prakaar key prakashanon mein shamil bachah naa kewal nyu batchselshaft key "baach zaharbuch" prakaashan, vibhinn anya jeevani aur adhyayanon key beach albert schweetzer, charles sanford terry, alfred dur, christophe wolf, peater williams, johnn butt aur baach-varke-varzichanis key 1950 key pahale sanskaran they; balki "godel, eskar, baakh" jaisi pustakon ney bhee sangeetkaar kii kalaa koo ack vyaapak pariprekshya mein rakhaa. 1990 key dashak mein baakh key sangeet koo badey paimaane parr sunaa gayaa, prastut kiya gayaa, prasaarit kiya gayaa, vyavasthit kiya gayaa, anukoolit kiya gayaa aur tippani kii gaee. 2000 key aspas, baakh kii mrityu kii 250 veen varshgaanth parr, teen record companiyon ney baakh key sangeet kii poori recording key saath boxes sett jaari kiye.
baakh key sangeet mein kissy bhee anya sangeetkaar kii tulanaa mein teen gunaa adhik visheshta haye, ack gramophone record jisamen chhaviyon, samanya dhwaniyon, bhaashaon aur prithvi key sangeet kaa ack vyaapak namuna hotaa haye, jise dou visor probe key saath baahari antariksh mein bheja jaataa haye. 20veen shatabdi mein butch koo dee gaee shraddhanjali mein unake sammaan mein khadee kii gaee moortiyaan aur unake naam parr sadakon aur antariksh vastuon jaisi vibhinn cheejen shamil hain. saath hii, baakh eriya samooh, duesh bacholisten, bachchor stuttgart aur baakh collegium japan jaise sangeetmay samooh ney sangeetkaar kaa naam apanaaya. baakh utsav kaee mahadweepon parr aayojit kiye gaye they, aur pratiyogitaon aur puraskaron jaise kii antarrashtriya johann sebastian baach pratiyogita aur royal academy off music baach puraskar kaa naam sangeetkaar key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. jabaki 19veen shatabdi key anta taka baach koo raashtravaad aur dhaarmik punrutthan mein ankit kiya gayaa thaa, 20veen shatabdi key anta mein baach koo ack dharmnirpeksh kalaa-dharm () key vishay key roop mein dekhaa gayaa.
21veen sadee.
21veen sadee mein, baakh kii rachanaaen online upalabdh hoe gaee hain, udaaharan key liye antarrashtriya sangeet score pustakalaya pariyojana mein. baakh key autograph key uchch-resolution vaale pratiroop betch digital website parr upalabdh hoe gaye. 21veen sadee key jeevanikaron mein christophe wolf, peater williams aur johnn elliot gardiner shamil hain.
ack adhyayan mein kahaa gayaa haye kii vigyapandata ashvasana dene key liye television vigyapanon mein baakh key sangeet kaa upayog karna pasand karate hain.
2019 mein, 174 jeevit sangeetkaron key beach kiye gaye ack sarvekshan mein baakh koo sarvakaalik mahantam sangeetkaar naamit kiya gayaa thaa.

