chhadm sankhya generator

ack chhadm sankhya janitra (pee. aar. aine. jee.), jise ack nirdhaarak yaadrichhik bitt janitra (dee. aar. bee. jee.) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, sankhyaon key ack anukram koo utpann karane key liye ack algorithm haye jisake guna yaadrichhik sankhyaon key anukramon key gunon koo anumaanit karate hain. prang-utpann anukram vaastav mein yaadrichhik naheen haye, kyonki yeh poori tarah seey ack praarambhik moolya dwara nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye, jise prang kaa "beej" kahaa jaataa haye (jisamen vaastav mein yaadrichhik moolya shamil hoe sakate hain). halanki vaastav mein yaadrichhik key karib anukram hardware yaadrichhik sankhya generator kaa upayog karke utpann kiye jaa sakate hain, chhadm sankhya generator sankhya utpaadan mein unaki gati aur unaki prajanan kshamata key liye vyavhaar mein mahatvapurna hain.
pee. aar. aine. jee. anukaran (ee.) jaise anuprayogon mein kendriya hain.jee. monte carlo vidhi key liye), electronic game (ee.jee. prakriyaatmak peedhi key liye), aur gupt lipi. cryptographic anuprayogon key liye pahale key output seey output kaa anuman naheen lagaaya jaanaa chaahiye, aur adhik vistrit algorithm, joe saral pee. aar. aine. jee. kii raikhikta koo viraasat mein naheen lete hain, kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
achche saankhyikiya guna ack pee. aar. aine. jee. key utpaadan key liye ack kendriya aavashyakta hain. samanya taur parr, saavdhaanipoorvak ganitiya vishleshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye taaki iss baat kaa vishvaas hoe kii ack pee. aar. aine. jee. aisee sankhyaaen utpann kartaa haye joe ichchit upayog key anuroop yaadrichhik roop seey paryaapt roop seey karib hain. johnn wonn neuman ney ack pee. aar. aine. jee. kii galat vyakhya key baare mein agah kiya kii yeh vaastav mein ack yaadrichhik generator haye, majaak mein kahaa kii "joe koee bhee yaadrichhik ankon key utpaadan key ankganitiya tarikon koo maanata haye, vaha nishchit roop seey paap kii sthiti mein haye."
sambhaavit mudde.
vyavhaar mein, kaee samanya pee. aar. aine. jee. seey praapt honey vaale utpaad una kalakritiyon koo pradarshit karate hain joe unhein saankhyikiya pattern-pehchaan parikshanon mein whiffle honey kaa kaaran banati hain. inmein shamil hainh
trutipurna pee. aar. aine. jee. dwara pradarshit doshon kii seema alakshit (aur agyaat) seey laker bahut spasht taka hoti haye. ack udaaharan mukhya frame computers parr dashakon seey upayog kiya jaane vaalaa raindu yaadrichhik sankhya algorithm thaa. yeh gambhir roop seey trutipurna thaa, lekin isaki aparyaptata bahut lambe samay taka agyaat rahee.
kaee kshetron mein, 21veen sadee seey pahale anusandhaan kaary joe yaadrichhik chayan yaa monte carlo simulation parr nirbhar thaa, yaa anya tarikon seey pee. aar. aine. jee. parr nirbhar thaa, kharaab gunavatta vaale pee. aar. aine. jee. kaa upayog karane key parinamswarup aadarsh kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm vishvasaniya thaa. aaj bhee, kabhi-kabhi savdhani baratane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jaisa kii "saankhyikiya vigyaan key antarrashtriya vishvakosh" (2010) mein nimnalikhit chetavani seey spasht hotaa haye.
ack udaaharan key roop mein, vyaapak roop seey upayog kii jaane vaali prograaming bhasha jaava parr vichaar karein. 2020 taka, jaava abhee bhee apane pee. aar. aine. jee. key liye ack raikhik sarvangsam generator (ell. see. jee.) parr nirbhar thaa, joe cumm gunavatta kaa haye (neeche aage dekhein). jaava samarthan koo jaava 17 key saath unnat kiya gayaa thaa.
pramukh samasyaon seey bachane aur abhee bhee kaafee jaldi chalane key liye ack prasiddh prang mersen twister (neeche charcha kii gaee) haye, joe 1998 mein prakaashit huaa thaa. anya uchch gunavatta vaale prang, computational aur saankhyikiya pradarshan donon key sandarbh mein, iss tarikh seey pahale aur baad mein vikasit kiye gaye they; inhen chhadm sankhya generator kii soochi mein pahachaana jaa sakata haye.
rekhiya punaraavrittiyon parr adharit generator.
20veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein, pee. aar. aine. jee. key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale algorithm key maanak varg mein raikhik sarvangsam generator shamil they. ell. see. jee. kii gunavatta aparyaapt maani jaati thee, lekin behtar tareeke upalabdh naheen they. press aur anya. (2007) ney parinam kaa varnan iss prakaar kiyaah "yadi sabhi vaigyaanik patra jinake parinam [ell. see. jee. aur sambandhit] key kaaran sandeh mein hain, pustakalaya kii almaariyon seey gayab hoe jaate hain, tou pratyek almaariyon parr aapaki mutthi jitna badaa antar hoga."
chhadm-pind generators key nirmaan mein ack pramukh pragati dou-tatva kshetra parr raikhik punaravritti parr adharit takneekon kii shuruat thee; aise generator raikhik-feedback shift rajistaron seey sambandhit hain.
1997 mein mersen twister key aavishkaar ney, vishesh roop seey, pahale key generators key saath kaee samasyaon seey bachaa. mersen twister kii avadhi 219 937−1 punaraavrittiyaan (± 4.3) haye, joe 623 aayamon (32-bitt moolyon key liye) mein (taka) samaan roop seey vitarit honey key liye siddh haye, aur isaki shuruat key samay anya saankhyikiya roop seey uchit generators kii tulanaa mein teji seey chala rhaa thaa.
2003 mein, george marsagalia ney ack raikhik punaravritti key aadhar parr zorshift generator key parivaar koo phir seey pesh kiya. aise generator behad tej hotey hain aur ack araikhik sanchaalan key saath sanyukt roop seey way majboot saankhyikiya parikshanon koo paas karate hain.
2006 mein, generators kaa kuaan parivaar vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. kuein key generator kuchh tarikon seey mersen twister kii gunavatta mein sudhaar karate hain, jisamen bahut badee sthiti sthaan hoti haye aur badee sankhya mein shoonya key saath raajya sthaanon seey bahut dheemi gati seey sudhaar hotaa haye.
cryptographic pee. aar. aine. jee.
cryptographic anuprayogon key liye upayukt ack pee. aar. aine. jee. koo "cryptographic roop seey surakshit pee. aar. aine. jee" (see. aiss. pee. aar. aine. jee.) kahaa jaataa haye. ack see. aiss. pee. aar. aine. jee. kii aavashyakta yeh haye kii beej koo naa jaanane vaale virodhi koo generator key utpaadan anukram koo yaadrichhik anukram seey alag karane mein kewal nagany laabh hotaa haye. dusare shabdon mein, jabaki ack pee. aar. aine. jee. koo kewal kuchh saankhyikiya parikshanon koo paas karane key liye aavashyak haye, ack see. aiss. pee. aar. jee. koo una sabhi saankhyikiya parikshanon koo paas karna chaahiye joe beej key aakar mein bahupad samay taka seemit hain. yadyapi iss guna kaa pramaan computational jatilata siddhant kii kalaa kii vartamaan sthiti seey parey haye, lekin thhos pramaan ack aisee samasya seey see. aiss. pee. aar. aine. jee. koo cumm karke pradaan kiya jaa sakata haye jise kathin maanaa jaataa haye, jaise kii purnank kaarak. samanya taur parr, ack algorithm koo see. aiss. pee. aar. aine. jee. key roop mein pramaanit karane seey pahale sameeksha key varshon kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye.
see. aiss. pee. aar. aine. jee. key kuchh vargon mein nimnalikhit shamil hainh
yeh sambhavana dikhaai gaee haye kii aine. aiss. aeye. ney nist-pramaanit chhadm sankhya generator dual _ ee. see. dee. aar. bee. jee. mein ack asmamit pichhale darwaaje koo daala haye.
adhikansh pee. aar. aine. jee. algorithm aise anukramon kaa utpaadan karate hain joe kaee parikshanon mein seey kissy bhee dwara samaan roop seey vitarit kiye jaate hain. yeh ack khula sawal haye, aur gupt lipi vigyaan key siddhant aur abhyaas key liye ack kendriya haye, kyaa uchch gunavatta vaale pee. aar. aine. jee. key utpaadan koo vaastav mein yaadrichhik anukram seey alag karane kaa koee tarika haye. iss setting mein, vibhedak jaanata haye kii yaa tou gyaat pee. aar. aine. jee. algorithm kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa (lekin usa sthiti kaa naheen jisake saath ise aarambh kiya gayaa thaa) yaa vaastav mein yaadrichhik algorithm kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur donon key beach antar karna haye. adhikansh gupt lipigat algorithm aur prang kaa upayog karane vaale protocol kii suraksha iss dhaarana parr adharit haye kii ack upayukt prang key upayog koo vaastav mein yaadrichhik anukram key upayog seey alag karna asambhav haye. iss nirbharta key sabse saral udaaharan stream sifer hain, joe (aksar) ack pee. aar. aine. jee. key output key saath ack sandesh key saade paath koo vishesh yaa-inn karke kaam karate hain, joe cyfertext kaa utpaadan karate hain. cryptographic roop seey paryaapt pee. aar. aine. jee. kaa design behad mushkil haye kyonki unhein atirikt maandandon koo puuraa karna chaahiye. isaki avadhi kaa aakar ack pee. aar. aine. jee. kii gupt lipi upayuktata mein ack mahatvapurna kaarak haye, lekin kewal ack hii naheen.
bee. aiss. aaee. mulyankan mandand.
soochana suraksha key liye german sanghiya karyalaya (, bee. aiss. aaee.) ney nirdhaarak yaadrichhik sankhya generator kii gunavatta key liye chaar mandand sthaapit kiye hain. unakaa saransh yahaan diyaa gayaa haih
cryptographic anuprayogon key liye, kewal kewal yaa yaa manakon koo puuraa karane vaale generator sweekarya hain.
ganitiya paribhasha.
diyaa gayaah
humm ack falan sootra koo kahate hain _ 19 (jahan sootra _ 20 sakaratmak purnankon kaa samooh haye) sootra _ 1 key liye ack chhadm-yaadrichhik sankhya generator diyaa gayaa sootra _ 4 sootra _ 11 mein maan letaa haye yadi aur kewal yadih
yeh dikhaaya jaa sakata haye kii yadi sootra _ 28 sootra _ 29 parr samaan vitaran key liye ack chhadm-yaadrichhik sankhya generator haye aur yadi sootra _ 30 kissy diye gaye sambhaavyata vitaran sootra _ 1 kaa see. dee. aff haye, tou sootra _ 32 sootra _ 1 key liye ack chhadm-yaadrichhik sankhya generator haye, jahaan sootra _ 34 sootra _ 1, i kaa pratishat haye.ee. sootra _ 36. sahaj roop seey, ack manmaane vitaran koo maanak samaan vitaran key anukaran seey anukaran kiya jaa sakata haye.
praarambhik drishtikon.
1946 mein johnn wonn neuman dwara sujhaae gaye praarambhik computer-adharit pee. aar. aine. jee. koo madhya-varg vidhi key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. algorithm iss prakaar haih kissy bhee sankhya koo lein, ise varg karein, parinami sankhya key madhya ankon koo "yaadrichhik sankhya" key roop mein hataa dein, phir usa sankhya kaa upayog agale punaravritti key liye beej key roop mein karein. udaaharan key liye, "1111" sankhya kaa varg karane seey "1234321" praapt hotaa haye, jise "01234321" key roop mein likhaa jaa sakata haye, ack 8-ankon kii sankhya 4-ankon kii sankhya kaa varg haye. yeh "2343" koo "yaadrichhik" sankhya key roop mein detaa haye. iss prakriya koo doharaane seey agale parinam key roop mein "4896" milata haye, aur isi tarah. wonn neuman ney 10 ankon kii sankhya kaa upayog kiya, lekin prakriya vahee thee.
madhya varg" vidhi key saath ack samasya yeh haye kii sabhi anukram antatah khud koo dohrate hain, kuchh bahut jaldi, jaise "0000". wonn neuman koo iss baat kii jaankaari thee, lekin unhone apane uddeshyon key liye drishtikon koo paryaapt paaya aur unhein chinta thee kii ganitiya "sudhaar" kewal trutiyon koo door karane key bajaay chhipa denge.
wonn neuman ney hardware yaadrichhik sankhya generator koo anupayukt maanaa, kyonki yadi way utpann output koo record naheen karate hain, tou unhein baad mein trutiyon key liye pareekshan naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. yadi way apane output koo record karate hain, tou way taba upalabdh seemit computer memori koo samaapt curr denge, aur isaliye computer kii sankhya koo padhane aur likhane kii kshamata. yadi sankhyaaen card parr likhi jaatin, tou unhein likhane aur padhane mein bahut adhik samay lagata. jiss aniac computer kaa vaha upayog curr rhaa thaa, usa parr "madhya varg" vidhi ney mukka maarne vaale card seey sankhya padhane kii tulanaa mein kuchh sou gunaa teji seey sankhyaaen utpann keen.
taba seey madhya-varg vidhi koo adhik vistrit generator dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye.
haal hii mein ack navachar madhya varg koo ack wheel anukram key saath jodana haye. yeh vidhi ack lambi avadhi key madhyam seey uchch gunavatta vaale utpaadan kaa utpaadan karati haye (madhya-varg vidhi dekhein).
gair-samaan generator.
ack gair-samaan sambhaavyata vitaran seey chayanit sankhyaon koo ack samaan vitaran pee. aar. aine. jee. aur ack kaary kaa upayog karke utpann kiya jaa sakata haye joe dou vitaranon seey sambandhit haye.
sabse pahale, kissy koo lakshya vitaran sootra _ 38 key sanchayi vitaran falan sootra _ 37 kii aavashyakta hoti haih
dhyaan dein kii sootra _ 40. ack samaan vitaran seey ack yaadrichhik sankhya "see" kaa upayog karke sambhaavyata ghanatva key roop mein "paas baay" karane key liye, humm praapt karate hain
taaki
vitaran sootra _ 38 seey yaadrichhik roop seey chuni gaee sankhya haye. yeh vyutkram parivartan namoone parr adharit haye.
udaaharan key liye, sanchayi gausi vitaran sootra kaa vyutkram, jisamen ack aadarsh samaan pee. aar. aine. jee. key saath seema (0,1) key saath input sootra key roop mein 45, ack gausi vitaran key saath (kewal sakaratmak) moolyon kaa ack anukram utpann karega; haalaanki
isi tarah key vichaar anya gair-samaan vitaran jaise kii rele aur poison utpann karane parr lagu hotey hain.

