
rs-232

dursanchar mein, aar. aiss.-232 yaa anushansit maanak 232 mool roop seey 1960 mein detta key kramik sanchaar prasaran key liye pesh kiya gayaa ack maanak haye. yeh aupchaarik roop seey ack "dee. tii. ee". ("detta terminal upkaran") jaise kii ack computer terminal, aur ack "dee. see. ee.". ("detta circuit-terminating upkaran" yaa "detta sanchaar upkaran") key beach judane vaale sanketon koo paribhaashit kartaa haye, jaise kii ack modem. maanak vidyut visheshtaon aur sanketon key samay, sanketon key arth, aur bhautik aakar aur sanyojakon key pinout koo paribhaashit kartaa haye. maanak kaa vartamaan sanskaran 1997 mein jaari kiya gayaa "detta terminal upkaran aur detta circuit-terminating upkaran key beach tii. aaee. aeye.-232-aff. interfaces haye, joe serial binary detta interchange koo niyojit kartaa haye". aar. aiss.-232 maanak kaa upayog aamtaur parr computer serial port mein kiya jaataa thaa aur abhee bhee audyogik sanchaar upkaranon mein vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye.
aar. aiss.-232 maanak kaa anupaalan karane vaalaa ack kramik bandargah kabhi kaee prakaar key computers kii ack maanak visheshta thee. vyaktigat computers ney unakaa upayog naa kewal modem key liye, balki printer, computer choohon, detta bhandaran, nirbaadh bijli aapoorti aur anya paridhiya upkaranon key liye bhee kiya.
rs-422, rs-485 aur ethernet jaise baad key interfaces kii tulanaa mein, rs-232 mein cumm sancharan gati, cumm adhikatam cable lambai, badaa voltage swing, badey maanak connector, koee bahu-bindu kshamata aur seemit bahu-boond kshamata naheen haye. aadhunik vyaktigat computers mein, yuu. aiss. bee. ney apani adhikansh paridhiya interfaces bhoomikaon seey aar. aiss.-232 koo visthaapit curr diyaa haye. haalaanki, unaki saralata aur ateet kii sarvavyaapeeta key kaaran, rs-232 interfaces kaa upayog abhee bhee kiya jaataa haye-vishesh roop seey audyogik cnc machines, networking upkaran aur vaigyaanik upkaranon mein jahaan ack chhoti doori, bindu-seey-bindu, cumm gati vaale taar vaale detta connection poori tarah seey paryaapt haye.
maanak kaa daira.
1969 key roop mein electronic udyog sangh (ee. aaee. aeye.) maanak aar. aiss.-232-see. paribhaashit kartaa haih
maanak varna kootlekhan (i.) jaise tatvon koo paribhaashit naheen kartaa haye.ee. aeye. aiss. see. aaee., ee. bee. see. dee. aaee., yaa anya), varnon kii sanrachana (bits shuru karein yaa rokein, aadi.), bits kaa sancharan crum, yaa truti kaa pataa lagaane vaale protocol. charitra praarup aur sancharan bitt darr serial port hardware dwara nirdhaarit kii jaati haye, aamtaur parr ack quart, jisamen aantarik tark staron koo rs-232 sangat sanket staron mein badalane key liye circuit bhee hoe sakate hain. maanak sancharan key liye bitt daron koo paribhaashit naheen kartaa haye, sivaay isake kii yeh kahata haye kii yeh prati sekand 20,000 bitt seey cumm bitt daron key liye haye.
itihas.
rs-232 koo pahali baar 1960 mein electronic udyog sangh (ee. aaee. aeye.) dwara "anushansit maanak" key roop mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa. mool dee. tii. vidyut-yaantrik teletyperiter they, aur mool dee. see. (aamtaur parr) modem they. jaba electronic terminals (smart aur dumb) kaa upayog kiya jaane lagaa, tou unhein aksar teletyperiter key saath vinimeya honey key liye design kiya gayaa thaa, aur isaliye rs-232 kaa samarthan kiya gayaa thaa.
kyonki maanak ney computer, printer, pareekshan upkaran, posses terminal aadi jaise upkaranon kii aavashyaktaon kaa purvanuman naheen kiya thaa, designer apane upkaran parr ack rs-232 sangat interfaces koo lagu karate hue aksar maanak kii vishishtata seey vyakhya karate they. parinami samanya samasyaaen connectors parr circuit kaa gair-maanak pinn assignment aur galat yaa laapata niyantran sanket they. manakon key paalan kii kamee ney alag-alag upkaranon key connection key liye breakout boxes, patch boxes, pareekshan upkaran, kitaaben aur anya sahayak upkaranon key ack sampann udyog kaa utpaadan kiya. maanak seey ack samanya vichalan cumm voltage parr sanketon koo chalaana thaa. isaliye kuchh nirmaataon ney aise sanchaarak banaae joe + 5 v aur-5 v kii aapoorti karate they aur unhein "rs-232 sangat" key roop mein label karate they.
baad mein vyaktigat computer (aur anya upkaran) ney maanak kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa taaki way maujooda upkaran seey juda sakein. kaee varshon taka, ack rs-232-sangat bandargah kaee computers parr (computer dte key roop mein kaary karane key saath) crum sanchaar key liye ack maanak suvidha thee, jaise kii modem connection. 1990 key dashak key anta taka iska vyaapak upayog huaa. vyaktigat computer paridhiya mein, ise badey paimaane parr anya interfaces manakon, jaise kii yuu. aiss. bee. dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye. rs-232 kaa upayog abhee bhee paridhiya upkaranon, audyogik upkaranon (jaise plc), kansol bandargaahon aur vishesh uddeshya vaale upkaranon key puraane designs koo jodane key liye kiya jaataa haye.
isake itihas key dauran maanak kaa naam kaee baar badal diyaa gayaa haye kyonki praayojak sangathan ney apana naam badal diyaa haye, aur ise vibhinn roop seey ee. aaee. aeye. aar. aiss.-232, ee. aaee. aeye. 232, aur haal hii mein tii. aaee. aeye. 232 key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. electronic udyog sangh dwara aur 1988 seey dursanchar udyog sangh (tii. aaee. aeye.) dwara maanak koo sanshodhit aur adyatan kiya jaanaa jaari rakhaa gayaa haye. sanshodhan see agast 1969 key ack dastaavez mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa. sanshodhan dee 1986 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa. vartamaan sanshodhan 1997 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa "detta terminal upkaran aur detta circuit-terminating upkaran key beach tia-232-aff interfaces serial binary detta interchange koo niyojit kartaa haye". sanshodhan see key baad seey parivartan samay aur vivaran mein hain joe see. see. tii. maanak key saath samanjasya mein sudhaar karane key uddeshya seey hain, lekin vartamaan maanak key liye nirmit upkaran puraane sanskaranon key saath antar-sanchaalit honge.
sambandhit aaee. tii. yuu.-tii manakon mein v. 24 (paripath pehchaan) aur (sanket voltage aur samay visheshataaen) shamil hain.
ee. aaee. aeye.-232 key sanshodhan dee mein, dee-subminiture connector koo aupchaarik roop seey maanak key hisse key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa (ise kewal aar. aiss.-232-see. key parishisht mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa). voltage seema koo ±25 volt taka badhaaya gayaa thaa, aur paripath sandharitra seema koo 2500 pee. aff. key roop mein spasht roop seey kahaa gayaa thaa. ee. aaee. aeye.-232 key sanshodhan ee ney ack nayaa, chhota, maanak dee-shale 26-pinn "ault aeye" connector pesh kiya, aur see. see. aaee. tii. manakon v. 24, v. 28 aur aaee. aiss. oh. 2110 key saath sangatata mein sudhaar key liye anya parivartan kiye.
vinirdeshan dastaavez sanshodhan itihaasah
maanak kii seemaaen.
kyonki rs-232 kaa upayog ack terminal koo ack modem key saath jodane key mool uddeshya seey parey kiya jaataa haye, seemaon koo sambodhit karane key liye uttaradhikari manakon koo vikasit kiya gayaa haye. rs-232 maanak key saath muddon mein shamil hainh
aadhunik vyaktigat computers mein bhoomika.
pc 97 hardware design guide" pustak mein, microsoft ney mool aaee. bee. aim. pc design key aar. aiss.-232 sangat serial port key liye samarthan koo cumm curr diyaa. aaj, rs-232 koo jyaadaatar sthaaniya sanchaar key liye vyaktigat computers mein yuu. aiss. bee. dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye. rs-232 kii tulanaa mein laabh yeh haye kii yuu. aiss. bee. tej haye, cumm voltage kaa upayog kartaa haye, aur isamen aise connector hain joe jodane aur upayog karane mein saral hain. rs-232 kii tulanaa mein yuu. aiss. bee. key nuksan yeh hain kii yuu. aiss. bee. vidyut chumbakiya hastakshep (ee. aim. aaee.) key liye bahut cumm pratiraksha haye aur manakon dwara paribhaashit adhikatam cable kii lambai bahut cumm haye (yuu. aiss. bee. sanskaran aur sakriya kebalon key upayog key aadhar parr, aar. aiss-232 key liye 15 meater banaam yuu. aiss. bee. key liye 3-5 meater). rs-232 cable kii lambai 2000 meater uchit line drivers key saath sambhav haye.
prayogshala swachaalan yaa sarvekshan jaise kshetron mein, aar. aiss.-232 upkaranon kaa upayog jaari haye. kuchh prakaar key prograam karane yogya tark niyantrak, parivartaniya aavritti drive, sarvo drive aur computerykrit sankhyaatmak niyantran upkaran rs-232 key madhyam seey prograam karane yogya hain. computer nirmaataon ney apane computer parr dee-9aim connector koo phir seey pesh karke yaa adaptor upalabdh karakar iss maang kaa jawab diyaa haye.
rs-232 port kaa upayog aamtaur parr server jaise headless system seey samvaad karane key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye, jahaan koee monitor yaa keyboard sthaapit naheen hotaa haye, boot key dauran jaba operating system abhee taka naheen chala rhaa hotaa haye aur isaliye koee network connection sambhav naheen haye. rs-232 serial port vaalaa computer ethernet parr nigrani key vikalp key roop mein ack embedded system (jaise kii router) key serial port key saath samvaad curr sakata haye.
bhautik interfaces.
rs-232 mein, upayogkarta detta koo bits kii samay-shrinkhala key roop mein bheja jaataa haye. samkaalik aur atulyakaalik prasaran donon maanak dwara samarthit hain. detta circuit key alawa, maanak dee. tii. ee. aur dee. see. ee. key beach sambandh kaa prabandhan karane key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale kaee niyantran circuit koo paribhaashit kartaa haye. pratyek detta yaa niyantran paripath kewal ack disha mein sanchaalit hotaa haye, joe kii ack dee. tii. ee. seey sanlagn dee. see. ee. yaa vipareet disha mein sanket detaa haye. kyonki detta sanchaarit karna aur praapt karna alag-alag paripath hain, isaliye interfaces donon dishaaon mein samvarti detta pravaah kaa samarthan karate hue poorna duplexes tareeke seey kaam curr sakata haye. maanak detta stream yaa charitra encoding key bheetar charitra sanrachana koo paribhaashit naheen kartaa haye.
voltage star.
rs-232 maanak voltage staron koo paribhaashit kartaa haye joe detta sancharan aur niyantran sanket rekhaaon key liye taarkik ack aur taarkik shoonya staron key anuroop haye. vaidh sanket yaa tou + 3 seey + 15 volt kii seema mein hotey hain yaa "samanya ground" (jee. aine. dee.) pinn key sambandh mein-3 seey-15 volt kii seema mein hotey hain; isake parinamswarup,-3 aur + 3 volt key beach kii seema ack maanya aar. aiss.-232 star naheen haye. detta sancharan lines (txd, rxd, aur unake maadhyamik channel samkaksh) key liye, tark ack koo nakaratmak voltage key roop mein darshaaya jaataa haye aur sanket sthiti koo "maark" kahaa jaataa haye. tark shoonya koo sakaratmak voltage key saath sanket diyaa jaataa haye aur sanket sthiti koo "sthaan" kahaa jaataa haye. niyantran sanketon mein vipareet dhruviyata hoti haih prabalit yaa sakriya avastha sakaratmak voltage haye aur nishkriya yaa nishkriya avastha nakaratmak voltage haye. niyantran lines key udaharanon mein bhejane kaa anurodh (aar. tii. aiss.), bhejane key liye spasht (see. tii. aiss.), detta terminal taiyar (dee. tii. aar.), aur detta sett taiyar (dee. aiss. aar.) shamil hain.
maanak 25 volt key adhikatam open-circuit voltage koo nirdisht kartaa haih ± 5v, ± 10v, ± 12v, aur ± 15v key sanket star sabhi aamtaur parr line driver circuit key liye upalabdh voltage key aadhar parr dekhe jaate hain. kuchh rs-232 chaalak chips mein 3 yaa 5 volt kii aapoorti seey aavashyak voltage kaa utpaadan karane key liye inbuilt circuit hoti haye. rs-232 drivers aur receivers koo jameen parr yaa ±25 volt taka kissy bhee voltage star taka anishchitkaaleen short circuit kaa saamana karane mein saksham honah chaahiye. slue darr, yaa staron key beach sanket kitni teji seey badalata haye, yeh bhee niyantrit kiya jaataa haye.
kyonki voltage star aamtaur parr ekikrit paripathon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale tark staron seey adhik hotey hain, isaliye tark staron koo anuvaadit karane key liye vishesh madhyavarti chaalak paripathon kii aavashyakta hoti haye. yeye upkaran key aantarik paripath koo short circuit yaa transient seey bhee bachaate hain joe rs-232 interfaces parr dikhaai dey sakate hain, aur detta sancharan key liye dher darr aavashyaktaon kaa paalan karane key liye paryaapt dhaara pradaan karate hain.
kyonki rs-232 paripath key donon chhor ground pinn key shoonya volt honey parr nirbhar karate hain, machinary aur computer koo jodane mein samasyaaen utpann hongi jahaan ack chhor parr ground pinn key beach voltage hotaa haye, aur dusare parr ground pinn shoonya naheen hotaa haye. yeh ack khatarnak ground loop kaa kaaran bhee bunn sakata haye. apekshaakrit chhote kebalon vaale anuprayogon key liye ack samanya ground seema rs-232 kaa upayog. yadi donon upkaran kaafee door hain yaa alag-alag bijli pranaliyon parr hain, tou cable key donon chhor parr sthaaniya ground connection mein alag-alag voltage honge; yeh antar sanketon key shore margine koo cumm curr dega. santulit, vibhedak crum connection jaise kii rs-422 yaa rs-485 vibhedak sanket key kaaran badey ground voltage antar koo sahan curr sakate hain.
aprayukt interfaces sanketon koo jameen parr samaapt karane parr ack avyakhyayit tark sthiti hogi. jahan ack paribhaashit sthiti mein sthaayi roop seey ack niyantran sanket nirdhaarit karna aavashyak haye, yeh ack voltage srot seey judaa honah chaahiye joe tark 1 yaa tark 0 staron koo pusht kartaa haye, udaaharan key liye ack pullup pratirodhak key saath. kuchh upkaran iss uddeshya key liye apane interfaces connector parr pareekshan voltage pradaan karate hain.
sanyojak.
rs-232 upkaranon koo detta terminal upkaran (dte) yaa detta circuit-terminating upkaran (dee. see. ee.) key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye; yeh pratyek upkaran parr paribhaashit kartaa haye kii kaun seey taar pratyek sanket bhejenge aur praapt karenge. maanak key anusaar, purush sanyojakon mein dee. tii. ee. pinn kaary hotey hain, aur mahila sanyojakon mein dee. see. ee. pinn kaary hotey hain. anya upkaranon mein sanyojak ling aur pinn paribhashaon kaa koee bhee sanyojan hoe sakata haye. kaee terminals kaa nirmaan mahila connectors key saath kiya gayaa thaa, lekin pratyek chhor parr purush connectors key saath ack cable key saath becha gayaa thaa; terminal ney apane cable key saath maanak mein sifaarishon koo santusht kiya.
maanak dee-subminiture 26-pinn connector koo sanshodhan see taka kii sifarish kartaa haye, aur ise sanshodhan dee key roop mein anivarya banaata haye. adhikansh upkaran maanak mein nirdisht bees sanketon mein seey kewal kuchh koo lagu karate hain, isaliye cumm pinn vaale connector aur cable adhikansh connections key liye paryaapt hain, adhik compact aur cumm mahange hain. vyaktigat computer nirmaataon ney dee. bee.-25aim. connector koo chhote dee-9aim. connector seey badal diyaa. yeh sanyojak, ack alag pinout key saath (serial port pinout dekhein), vyaktigat computer aur sambandhit upkaranon key liye prachalit haye.
25-pinn dee-sub connector kii upasthiti aavashyak roop seey ack rs-232-see anupaalan interfaces kaa sanket naheen detee haye. udaaharan key liye, mool aaee. bee. aim. pee. see. parr, ack purush dee-sub ack aar. aiss.-232-see. dee. tii. ee. port (aarakshit pinn parr ack gair-maanak vartamaan loop interfaces key saath) thaa, lekin usee pc model parr mahila dee-sub connector kaa upayog samanantar "centronics" printer port key liye kiya gayaa thaa. kuchh vyaktigat computer apane serial port key kuchh pinn parr gair-maanak voltage yaa sanket daalate hain.
pinout.
nimnalikhit talika mein aamtaur parr upayog kiye jaane vaale rs-232 sanketon (jinhen vinirdeshon mein "circuit" kahaa jaataa haye) aur anushansit db-25 sanyojakon parr unake pinn assignment koo soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye. (maanak dwara paribhaashit naheen kiye gaye anya samanya roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale sanyojakon key liye krambaddh port pinout dekhein.)
"signal ground" anya connections key liye ack samanya vaapsee haye; yeh yost maanak mein dou pinn parr dikhaai detaa haye lekin ack hii sanket haye. dee. bee.-25 sanyojak mein pinn 1 parr ack doosara "surakshaatmak maidan" shamil haye, jiska uddeshya pratyek upkaran dwara apane swayam key frame ground yaa isi tarah seey jodaa jaanaa haye. surakshaatmak jameen koo signal ground seey jodana ack aam abhyaas haye lekin isaki sifarish naheen kii jaati haye.
dhyaan dein kii ee. aaee. aeye./tii. aeye. 561 dee. aiss. aar. aur aar. aaee. koo jodata haye, aur yost maanak dee. aiss. aar. aur dee. see. dee. koo jodata haye.
cable.
maanak adhikatam cable lambai koo paribhaashit naheen kartaa haye, lekin isake bajaay adhikatam kshamata koo paribhaashit kartaa haye jise ack anupaalan drive circuit koo sahan karna chaahiye. vyaapak roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale angoothe kaa niyam ingit kartaa haye kii lambe seey adhik kebalon mein bahut adhik kshamata hogi, jaba taka kii vishesh kebalon kaa upayog naheen kiya jaataa haye. cumm kshamata vaale taaron kaa upayog karke, sanchaar koo lagbhag badee doori taka banaae rakhaa jaa sakata haye. lambi doori key liye, anya sanket maanak, jaise kii rs-422, uchch gati key liye behtar hain.
choonki maanak paribhaashaaen hamesha sahee dhang seey lagu naheen hoti hain, isaliye aksar dastavejikaran seey paramarsh karna, breakout boxes key saath pareekshan connection, yaa dou upkaranon koo aapas mein jodane parr kaam karane vaali cable koo khojane key liye pareekshan aur truti kaa upayog karna aavashyak hotaa haye. ack poori tarah seey maanak-anuroop dee. see. ee. upkaran aur dee. tii. ee. upkaran koo jodane key liye ack cable kaa upayog kiya jaayega joe pratyek sanyojak (ack tathaakathit "seedhi cable") mein samaan pinn nambaron koo jodata haye. "cable aur connector key beach ling bemel koo hull karane key liye "ling parivartankarta" upalabdh hain. vibhinn prakaar key sanyojakon key saath upkaranon koo jodane key liye ack cable kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe neeche dee gaee talika key anusaar sambandhit pinn koo jodati haye. ack chhor parr 9 pinn aur dusare parr 25 pinn vaale cable aam hain. 8pee8see connector vaale upkaran key nirmaata aamtaur parr yaa tou db-25 yaa dee-9 connector (yaa kabhi-kabhi vinimeya connector taaki way kaee upkaranon key saath kaam curr sakein) key saath ack cable pradaan karate hain. kharaab gunavatta vaale cable detta aur niyantran lines (jaise ring indicator) key beach crosstock dwara galat sanketon kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain.
yadi koee dee gaee cable detta connection kii anumati naheen degi, vishesh roop seey yadi koee ling parivartankarta upayog mein haye, tou ack null modem cable aavashyak hoe sakati haye. maanak mein ling parivartankarta aur null modem cable kaa ullekh naheen haye, isaliye unake liye koee aadhikarik roop seey sweekrit design naheen haye.
detta aur niyantran sanket.
nimnalikhit talika mein aamtaur parr upayog kiye jaane vaale rs-232 sanketon (vinirdeshon mein "circuit" kahaa jaataa haye) aur anushansit db-25 sanyojakon parr unake pinn assignment kii soochi dee gaee haye (anya samanya roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale sanyojakon key liye serial port pinout dekhein joe maanak dwara paribhaashit naheen hain).
sanketon koo dee. tii. ee. key drishtikon seey naamit kiya gayaa haye. ground pinn anya connections key liye ack samanya vaapsee haye, aur "shoonya" voltage sthaapit kartaa haye jisake liye anya pinon parr voltage sandarbhit hotey hain. dee. bee.-25 sanyojak mein pinn 1 parr doosara "surakshaatmak maidan" shamil haye; yeh upkaran frame ground seey aantarik roop seey judaa huaa haye, aur cable yaa sanyojak mein signal ground seey judaa naheen honah chaahiye.
ring sanketak.
"ring indicator" (aar. aaee.) dee. see. ee. seey dee. tii. ee. upkaran koo bheja jaane vaalaa sanket haye. yeh terminal device koo ingit kartaa haye kii phone line buzz rahee haye. kaee computer serial port mein, ack hardware interrupt utpann hotaa haye jaba aar. aaee. signal kii sthiti badal jaati haye. iss hardware interrupt key liye samarthan honey kaa matlab haye kii ack prograam yaa operating system koo aar. aaee. pinn kii sthiti mein parivartan key baare mein soochit kiya jaa sakata haye, binaa software koo lagaatar pinn kii sthiti koo "poul" karane kii aavashyakta key. aar. aaee. kissy anya sanket key anuroop naheen haye joe samaan jaankaari koo vipareet tareeke seey leey jaataa haye.
baahari modem parr ring indicator pinn kii sthiti koo aksar "aa" (swatah uttar) prakaash seey jodaa jaataa haye, joe kii ri signal dwara ring kaa pataa lagaane parr chamakata haye. rigg sanket ringing pattern kaa bariki seey anusaran kartaa haye, joe software koo vishisht ring pattern kaa pataa lagaane kii anumati dey sakata haye.
ring sanketak sanket kaa upayog kuchh purani nirbaadh bijli aapoorti (upss) dwara computer koo bijli kii viphalata kii sthiti kaa sanket dene key liye kiya jaataa haye.
kuchh vyaktigat computers koo wake-onn-ring key liye configure kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase ack computer koo phone coll kaa jawab dene key liye nilambit kiya jaa sakata haye.
aar. tii. aiss., see. tii. aiss. aur aar. tii. aar.
(aar. tii. aiss.) bhejane aur (see. tii. aiss.) sanket bhejane key liye spasht anurodh koo mool roop seey ardh-dwigunit (ack samay mein ack disha) modem jaise kii ghanti 202 key saath upayog key liye paribhaashit kiya gayaa thaa. yeye modem apane transmitters koo taba aksham karate hain jaba aavashyakta naheen hoti haye aur jaba way phir seey saksham hotey hain tou unhein praaptakarta koo ack synchronization preamble prasaarit karna chaahiye. dee. tii. ee. dee. see. ee. koo sanchaarit karane kii ichcha koo ingit karane key liye aar. tii. aiss. kaa daavaa kartaa haye, aur pratikriya mein dee. see. ee. see. tii. aiss. koo anumati dene key liye daavaa kartaa haye, ack baar jaba door key chhor parr dee. see. ee. key saath samanvaya praapt hoe jaataa haye. aise modem abb aam upayog mein naheen hain. koee sambandhit sanket naheen haye kii dee. tii. ee. dee. see. ee. seey aaney vaale detta koo asthaayi roop seey rokane key liye upayog curr sakata haye. iss prakaar aar. aiss.-232 kaa aar. tii. aiss. aur see. tii. aiss. sanketon kaa upayog, maanak key puraane sanskaranon key anusaar, asmamit haye.
iss yojana kaa upayog vartamaan mein rs-232 seey rs-485 convertors mein bhee kiya jaataa haye. rs-485 ack bahu-abhigam buss haye jiss parr ack samay mein kewal ack upkaran sanchaarit curr sakata haye, ack avadharana joe rs-232 mein pradaan naheen kii gaee haye. rs-232 upkaran rs-485 buss kaa niyantran lene key liye convertor koo kahane key liye rts kaa daavaa kartaa haye taaki convertor, aur iss prakaar rs-232 upkaran, buss parr detta bhej sakey.
aadhunik sanchaar vatavaran poorna-dwigunit (donon dishaaon mein ack saath) modem kaa upayog karate hain. usa vatavaran mein, dee. tii. ee. key paas aar. tii. aiss. koo hataane kaa koee kaaran naheen haye. halanki, line kii gunavatta mein badalaav kii sambhavana, detta key prasanskaran mein deree aadi key kaaran., samamit, dwidish pravaah niyantran kii aavashyakta haye.
donon dishaaon mein pravaah niyantran pradaan karane vaalaa ack samamit vikalp 1980 key dashak key anta mein vibhinn upkaran nirmaataon dwara vikasit aur vipanan kiya gayaa thaa. isane aar. tii. aiss. sanket koo phir seey paribhaashit kiya jiska arth haye kii dee. tii. ee. dee. see. ee. seey detta praapt karane key liye taiyar haye. iss yojana koo antatah ack nae sanket, "rtr (praapt karane key liye taiyar)" koo paribhaashit karke sanskaran rs-232-e (vaastav mein usa samay taka tia-232-e) mein samhitaabaddh kiya gayaa thaa, joe ccitt v. 24 paripath 133 haye. tia-232-e aur sambandhit antarrashtriya manakon koo yeh dikhaane key liye adyatan kiya gayaa thaa kii paripath 133, jaba lagu kiya jaataa haye, tou rts (bhejane key liye anurodh) key roop mein ack hii pinn saajha kartaa haye, aur jaba 133 upayog mein hotaa haye, tou dce dwara rts koo harr samay daavaa kiya jaataa haye.
iss yojana mein, jise aamtaur parr "aar. tii. aiss./see. tii. aiss. pravaah niyantran" yaa "aar. tii. aiss./see. tii. aiss. haath milana" kahaa jaataa haye (halanki takniki roop seey sahee naam "aar. tii. aar./see. tii. aiss" hoga), dee. tii. ee. jaba bhee dee. see. ee. seey detta praapt karane key liye taiyar hotaa haye, tou aar. tii. aiss. kaa daavaa kartaa haye, aur jaba bhee dee. tii. ee. seey detta praapt karane key liye taiyar hotaa haye tou dee. see. ee. see. tii. aiss. kaa daavaa kartaa haye. ardh-dwigunit modem key saath aar. tii. aiss. aur see. tii. aiss. key mool upayog key vipareet, yeye donon sanket ack dusare seey swatantra roop seey kaam karate hain. yeh hardware pravaah niyantran kaa ack udaaharan haye. haalaanki, ack rs-232-susajjit upkaran parr upalabdh vikalpon key vivaran mein "hardware pravaah niyantran" kaa matlab hamesha rts/cts haath milana naheen hotaa haye.
iss protocol kaa upayog karane vaale upkaran koo kuchh atirikt detta koo buffer karane key liye taiyar kiya jaanaa chaahiye, kyonki doorasth pranali ney sthaaniya pranali key dee-assert rtr seey thheek pahale sanchaarit karna shuru curr diyaa hoga.
3-taar aur 5-taar rs-232.
ack nyuntam "3-taar" rs-232 connection jisamen kewal sanchaarit detta, praapt detta aur ground shamil hotey hain, aamtaur parr taba upayog kiya jaataa haye jaba rs-232 kii poorna suvidhaon kii aavashyakta naheen hoti haye. yahaan taka kii dou-taar connection (detta aur ground) kaa bhee upayog kiya jaa sakata haye yadi detta pravaah ack tarika haye (udaaharan key liye, ack digital postal scale joe samay-samay parr ack bhaar reeding bhejata haye, yaa ack jee. pee. aiss. receiver joe samay-samay parr sthiti bhejata haye, yadi aar. aiss.-232 key madhyam seey koee vinyas aavashyak naheen haye). jaba dou-tarfa detta key alawa kewal hardware pravaah niyantran kii aavashyakta hoti haye, tou 5-taar sanskaran mein aar. tii. aiss. aur see. tii. aiss. lines koo jodaa jaataa haye.
shayed hii kabhi upayog kii jaane vaali visheshtaen.
ee. aaee. aeye.-232 maanak kaee visheshtaon key liye connection nirdisht kartaa haye joe adhikansh karyanvayan mein upayog naheen kiye jaate hain. unake upayog key liye 25-pinn connector aur cable kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
sanket darr chayan.
dee. tii. ee. yaa dee. see. ee. "uchch" yaa "nimn" sanket darr key upayog koo nirdisht curr sakata haye. darein, saath hii saath kaun saa upkaran darr kaa chayan karega, donon dee. tii. ee. aur dee. see. ee. mein configure kiya jaanaa chaahiye. poorv-vyavasthit upkaran pinn 23 koo chaalu karke uchch darr kaa chayan kartaa haye.
loopback pareekshan.
kaee dee. see. ee. upkaranon mein pareekshan key liye upayog kii jaane vaali loopback kshamata hoti haye. jaba saksham kiya jaataa haye, tou sanket praaptakarta koo bheje jaane key bajaay bhejane vaale koo vaapas pratidhwanit kiye jaate hain. yadi samarthit haye, tou dee. tii. ee. sthaaniya dee. see. ee. (jisase yeh judaa huaa haye) koo loopback mode mein pravesh karane key liye pinn 18 koo chaalu karke, yaa remot dee. see. ee. (jisase sthaaniya dee. see. ee judaa huaa haye) koo pinn 21 koo chaalu karke loopback mode mein pravesh karane key liye sanket dey sakata haye. baad vaalaa sanchaar link key saath-saath donon dee. see. kaa pareekshan kartaa haye. jaba dee. see. ee. pareekshan mode mein hotaa haye, tou yeh pinn 25 koo chaalu karke dee. tii. ee. koo sanket detaa haye.
loopback pareekshan key ack samanya roop seey upayog kiye jaane vaale sanskaran mein kissy bhee chhor kii koee vishesh kshamata shamil naheen hoti haye. ack hardware loopback kewal ack taar haye joe ack hii sanyojak mein poorak pinn koo ack saath jodata haye ("loopback" dekhein).
loopback pareekshan aksar ack vishesh dee. tii. ee. key saath kiya jaataa haye jise bitt truti darr pareekshak (yaa bert) kahaa jaataa haye.
samay sanket.
kuchh samkaalik upkaran detta sancharan koo samkaalik karane key liye ack ghadee sanket pradaan karate hain, vishesh roop seey uchch detta daron parr. pinn 15 aur 17 parr dee. see. ee. dwara dou samay sanket pradaan kiye jaate hain. pinn 15 transmitter ghadee haye, yaa samay bhejata haye (st); dee. tii. ee. detta line parr agala bitt rakhta haye (pinn 2) jaba yeh ghadee bund seey chaalu hoti haye (isaliye yeh chaalu seey bund sankraman key dauran sthir hotaa haye jaba dee. see. ee. bitt koo panjikrit kartaa haye). pinn 17 receiver ghadee haye, yaa samay praapt kartaa haye (aar. tii.); dee. tii. ee. detta line (pinn 3) seey agale bitt koo padhata haye jaba yeh ghadee chaalu seey bund hoti haye.
vaikalpik roop seey, dee. tii. ee. sanchaarit detta key liye pinn 24 parr ack ghadee sanket pradaan curr sakata haye, jise transmitter timing (tii. tii.) kahaa jaataa haye. jaba ghadee bund seey chaalu hoti haye, aur chaalu seey bund sankraman key dauran padhee jaati haye tou detta badal jaataa haye. tii. tii. kaa upayog usa samasya koo door karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye jahaan st koo agyaat lambai aur deree kii cable koo paar karna chaahiye, ack aur agyaat deree key baad dee. tii. ee. seey thodaa baahar ghoomana chaahiye, aur usee agyaat cable deree parr ise dee. see. ee. parr vaapas karna chaahiye. choonki sanchaarit bitt aur teaty key beach sambandh koo dte design mein taya kiya jaa sakata haye, aur choonki donon sanket ack hii cable kii lambai koo paar karate hain, isaliye teaty kaa upayog karane seey samasya samaapt hoe jaati haye. ise preshit detta key saath sanrekhit karane key liye ack upayukt charan parivartan key saath looping st back dwara utpann kiya jaa sakata haye. st loop seey teaty taka vaapas aaney parr dte aavritti sandarbh key roop mein dee. see. ee. kaa upayog kartaa haye, aur ghadee koo detta samay key liye sahee kartaa haye.
aiss. dee. ell. see., aich. dee. ell. see. aur aiks. 25 jaise protocol key liye samkaalik ghadee kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
maadhyamik channel.
praathamik channel kii kshamata key samaan ack maadhyamik detta channel koo vaikalpik roop seey dee. tii. ee. aur dee. see. ee. upkaranon dwara lagu kiya jaa sakata haye. pinn assignment iss prakaar hainh
sambandhit maanak.
anya kramik sanket maanak maanak-anupaalan rs-232 bandargaahon key saath antar-sanchaalit naheen hoe sakate hain. udaaharan key liye, + 5 v aur 0 v key nikat key tii. tii. ell. staron kaa upayog maanak key anirdhaarit kshetra mein nishan star rakhta haye. iss tarah key staron kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi jee. pee. aiss. receiver aur gaharaai khojane vaalon key saath kiya jaataa haye. voltage star koo badalane key liye adhikatam 232 jaisi chip kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
20 ma current loop uchch key liye 20 ma current kii anupasthiti kaa upayog kartaa haye, aur nimn key liye loop mein current kii upasthiti; iss sanket vidhi kaa upayog aksar lambi doori aur optical roop seey alag link key liye kiya jaataa haye. ack vartamaan-loop upkaran koo ack anuroop rs-232 port seey jodane key liye ack star anuvaadak kii aavashyakta hoti haye. vartamaan-loop upkaran ack anuroop upkaran kii voltage seema koo sahan karane kii aavashyakta seey adhik voltage kii aapoorti curr sakate hain. mool aaee. bee. aim. pee. see. serial port card ney ack 20 ma vartamaan-loop interfaces lagu kiya, jiska plug-sangat upkaran key anya aapurtikartaon dwara kabhi anukaran naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
rs-232 key samaan anya kramik interfaceh
antarrashtriya dursanchar sangh maanak aaee. tii. aar.-aar. vee. 24 (poorv mein see. see. aaee. tii. maanak vee. 24), "detta terminal upkaran (dee. tii. ee.) aur detta circuit-samaapti upkaran (dee. see. ee.) key beach antar-vinimay paripathon key liye paribhashaon kii soochi" prakaashit kartaa haye, jisamen paripath paribhaashaaen ee. aaee. aeye. aar. aiss. 232 mein sangat hain. sanketon key liye vidyut mapdand itu-r-v.28 mein nirdisht kiye gaye hain.
vikas key saadhan.
aar. aiss.-232 kaa upayog karke pranali vikasit karane yaa samasya nivaaran karate samay, hardware sanketon kii nikat pariksha samasyaon koo khojane key liye mahatvapurna hoe sakati haye. yeh saral upkaranon kaa upayog karke kiya jaa sakata haye jisamen ell. ee. dee. hotey hain joe detta aur niyantran sanketon key tark star koo ingit karate hain. "y" kebalon kaa upayog ack disha mein sabhi yatayat kii nigrani key liye dusare serial port kaa upayog karane kii anumati dene key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. ack crum rekha vishleshak ack tark vishleshak key samaan ack upkaran haye lekin rs-232 key voltage staron, sanyojakon aur, jahaan upayog kiya jaataa haye, ghadee sanketon key liye vishesh haye; yeh detta ekatra kartaa haye, sangraheet kartaa haye aur detta aur niyantran sanketon koo pradarshit kartaa haye, jisase developers unhein vistaar seey dekh sakate hain. kuchh sanketon koo kewal tarang roopon key roop mein pradarshit karate hain; adhik vistrit sanskaranon mein aeye. aiss. see. aaee. yaa anya samanya kodon mein varnon koo decode karane kii kshamata aur aiss. dee. ell. see., aich. dee. ell. see., dee. see. aim. pee. aur aiks. 25 jaise aar. aiss.-232 parr upayog kiye jaane vaale samanya protocol kii vyakhya karane kii kshamata shamil haye. serial line vishleshak ekal ikaaiyon key roop mein upalabdh hain, samanya-uddeshya tark vishleshakon aur ausiloscope key liye software aur interfaces cable key roop mein, aur samanya vyaktigat computer aur upkaranon parr chalane vaale programon key roop mein.

