herpes simplexes virus

herpes simplexes virus 1 aur 2 (hsv-1 aur hsv-2), jinhen unake vargeekaran naam "human alphaherpicevirus 1" aur "human alphaherpicevirus 2" seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, maanav "herpesviridae" parivaar key dou sadasya hain, virus kaa ack samooh joe adhikansh manushyon mein viral sankraman paida kartaa haye. hsv-1 aur hsv-2 donon bahut aam aur sankraamak hain. way taba fail sakate hain jaba koee sankramit vyakti virus koo chhodana shuru curr detaa haye.
2016 taka, 50 varsh seey cumm ayu kii duniya kii lagbhag 67 pratishat aabaadi mein hsv-1 thaa. sanyukt raajya america mein, lagbhag 47.8% aur 11.9% mein kramshah hsv-1 aur hsv-2 honey kaa anuman haye, halanki vaastavik prasaar bahut adhik hoe sakata haye. kyonki yeh kissy bhee antarang sampark key madhyam seey preshit kiya jaa sakata haye, yeh sabse aam yaun sanchaarit sankramanon mein seey ack haye.
lakshan.
joe loga sankramit hain unamen seey kaee mein "kabhi naheen" lakshan vikasit hotey hain. lakshan, jaba way hotey hain, tou twacha mein paani key fafole yaa munh, honth, naak, jananangon yaa aankho (herpes simplexes caratitis) kii shleshm jhilli shamil hoe sakati haye. ghaavon koo kharonch kii visheshta key saath herpetic roga seey thheek kiya jaataa haye. kabhi-kabhi, virus prakop key dauran halke yaa asamanya lakshnon kaa kaaran banate hain. haalaanki, way herpes simplexes key adhik pareshan karane vaale roopon kaa kaaran bhee bunn sakate hain. neurotropic aur neuroinvasive virus key roop mein, hsv-1 aur-2 neurons key koshika nikaayon mein pratiraksha pranali seey chhipkar shareer mein baney rahate hain, vishesh roop seey samvedi ganglia mein. praarambhik yaa praathamik sankraman key baad, kuchh sankramit loga viral punah sakriya honey yaa prakop key chhitput prakarnon kaa anubhav karate hain. ack prakop mein, ack tantrika koshika mein virus sakriya hoe jaataa haye aur neuron key akshatantu key madhyam seey twacha mein leey jaaya jaataa haye, jahaan virus kii pratikriti aur sraav hotaa haye aur nae ghaav paida curr sakata haye.
sancharan.
hsv-1 aur hsv-2 ack sankramit vyakti key sampark seey preshit hotey hain jise virus kaa punah sakriyan hotaa haye. 
hsv 1 aur hsv-2 samay-samay parr bahate hain, aksar asymptomatic roop seey. 
2022 seey pahali-kadee jannang aich. aiss. vee.-1 sankraman vaale logon key ack adhyayan mein, aich. aiss. vee.-1 kaa jannang jhadana 2 maheene mein 12 pratishat dinon mein paaya gayaa aur 11 maheene mein dinn key 7 pratishat taka kaafee cumm hoe gayaa. adhikansh jananangon mein sraav lakshanheen thaa; jannang aur maukhik ghaav aur maukhik sraav durlabh they.
aich. aiss. vee.-2 kaa adhikansh yaun sancharan "lakshanheen sraav" kii avadhi key dauran hotaa haye. asymptomatic reactivation kaa matlab haye kii virus asamanya, sookshm yaa kathin-seey-notice lakshnon kaa kaaran banata haye jinhen ack sakriya herpes sankraman key roop mein pahachaana naheen jaataa haye, isaliye virus praapt karna sambhav haye, bhale hii koee sakriya hsv fafole yaa ghaav maujood naa houn. ack adhyayan mein, dainik jannang swab key namoonon ney una logon mein hsv-2 kaa pataa lagaaya, jinake prakop key dinon key ausat mein 12-28% thaa, aur lakshanheen sankraman vaale logon mein 10 pratishat dinn (koee poorv prakop naheen), inmein seey kaee episode "drishya prakop (" upa-naidaanik jhadana ") key binaa hotey hain.
ack anya adhyayan mein, 73 vishayon koo dou-tarfa crossover design mein 60 dinon key liye dainik yaa placebo praapt karane key liye yaadrichhik kiya gayaa thaa. pratirakshaatmak kshamata mein lakshanheen viral shade parr valesiclovir banaam placebo key prabhaav kii tulanaa karane key liye, polymerase shrinkhala pratikriya dwara hsv-2 kaa pataa lagaane key liye jannang kshetra key ack dainik swab koo swa-ekatra kiya gayaa thaa, hsv-2 seropositive vishayon mein binaa lakshanaatmak jannang herpes sankraman key itihas key. adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii placebo kii tulanaa mein upa-naidaanik dinon key dauran valesiclovir ney girawat koo kaafee cumm curr diyaa, 71 pratishat kii kamee darshaati haye; 84 pratishat vishayon mein placebo parr 54 pratishat vishayon key mukabale valesiclovir praapt karate samay koee kamee naheen thee. valesiclovir key saath ilaaj kiye gaye lagbhag 88 pratishat rogiyon mein placebo key liye 77 pratishat kii tulanaa mein koee maanyata praapt sanket yaa lakshan naheen they.
hsv-2 key liye, upa-naidaanik shading adhikansh sancharan key liye jimmedaar hoe sakati haye. asangat bhagidaron (aich. aiss. vee.-2 seey sankramit, ack naheen) parr kiye gaye adhyayanon seey pataa chalata haye kii sancharan darr lagbhag prati 10,000 yaun samparkon mein 5-8.9 haye, kandom key upayog seey adhigrahan kaa jokhim bahut cumm hoe jaataa haye. asamanya lakshnon koo aksar anya karanon seey jimmedaar thaharaaya jaataa haye, jaise kii khameer sankraman. hsv-1 aksar bachpan key dauran maukhik roop seey praapt kiya jaataa haye. yeh yaun sanchaarit bhee hoe sakata haye, jisamen laar key sampark mein aanaa, jaise chumban aur maukhik yaun sambandh shamil hain. aitihaasik roop seey hsv-2 mukhya roop seey ack yaun sanchaarit sankraman thaa, lekin hsv-1 jannang sankraman kii darr pichhale kuchh dashakon seey badh rahee haye.
donon virus bachche key janm key dauran urdhvaadhar roop seey bhee fail sakate hain. haalaanki, sancharan kaa khatra cumm hotaa haye yadi maan mein prasav key dauran koee lakshan naheen hotey hain aur naa hii koee chhaale ujagar hotey hain. jaba maan garbhavastha key anta mein "pahali baar" virus seey sankramit hoti haye, tou jokhim kaafee hotaa haye, joe uchch viral load koo darshaata haye. jabaki adhikansh viral std vastuon key madhyam seey preshit naheen kiye jaa sakate hain kyonki virus shareer key baahar jaldi seey marr jaataa haye, hsv satahon parr 4.5 ghante taka jeevit reh sakata haye aur tauliye, toothbrushes, cup, katlari aadi key upayog key madhyam seey preshit kiya jaa sakata haye.
herpes simplexes virus ack sankramit vyakti key sampark mein aaney vaali twacha key kshetron koo prabhaavit curr sakate hain. iska ack udaaharan herpetic whitelow haye, joe ungaliyon parr ack herpes sankraman haye; rogiyon kaa ilaaj karate samay dastanon key niyamit upayog seey pahale dunt shalyachikitsakon key liye yeh aam thaa. sankramit vyakti seey haath milaane seey yeh bimari naheen failati haye. aich. aiss. vee.-2 key jannang sankraman seey aich. aaee. vee. honey kaa khatra badh jaataa haye.
vishaanu vigyaan.
hsv aanvik jeev vigyaan mein kaee adhyayanon key liye ack model virus rhaa haye. udaaharan key liye, eukariotes mein pahale karyatmak pravartakon mein seey ack kii khoj hsv (thymidine kinnez jeane kaa) mein kii gaee thee aur virian protein protein sabse adhik adhyayan kiye gaye pratilekhan sakriyakon mein seey ack haye.
viral sanrachana.
pashu herpes virus sabhi kuchh samanya gunon koo saajha karate hain. herpes virus kii sanrachana mein ack apekshaakrit badaa, dohare fanse hue, raikhik dna genome hotaa haye joe ack icosahedral protein pinjare key bheetar hotaa haye jise capsid kahaa jaataa haye, jise ack lipid dwistariya mein lapeta jaataa haye jise lifafa kahaa jaataa haye. lifafa ack tagment key madhyam seey capsid seey judaa hotaa haye. iss poorna kann koo virian key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. hsv-1 aur hsv-2 mein seey pratyek mein cumm seey cumm 74 jeane (yaa khuli padhane kii frame, yaa fs) hotey hain, halanki jeane kii bheed parr atkalen 94 puttive orf dwara 84 advitiya protein coding jeane kii anumati detee hain. yeye jeane virus key capsid, tegument aur lifafe key nirmaan mein shamil vibhinn prakaar key protein koo kootbaddh karate hain, saath hii virus kii pratikriti aur sankramakta koo niyantrit karate hain. inn jeane aur unake karyon koo neeche dee gaee talika mein sankshep mein prastut kiya gayaa haye.
hsv-1 aur hsv-2 key genome jatil hain aur inmein dou advitiya kshetra hotey hain jinhen lamba advitiya kshetra (ull) aur chhota advitiya kshetra (us) kahaa jaataa haye. gyaat 74 orphs mein seey, ull mein 56 viral jeane hotey hain, jabaki humm mein kewal 12 hotey hain. hsv jeane kaa pratilekhan sankramit mezban key rna polymerase II dwara utprerit hotaa haye. tatkaal praarambhik jeane, joe udaaharan key liye liye protein koo kootbaddh karate hain joe praarambhik aur dair seey viral jeane kii abhivyakti koo niyantrit karate hain, sankraman key baad vyakt kiye jaane vaale pahale jeane hain. dee. aine. aeye. pratikriti mein shamil enzymon key sanshleshan aur kuchh lifafa glycoprotein key utpaadan kii anumati dene key liye praarambhik jeane abhivyakti kaa anusaran kartaa haye. dair seey jeane kii abhivyakti antim hoti haye; jeane kaa yeh samooh mukhya roop seey protein koo encode kartaa haye joe virian kann banaata haye.
(ull) seey paanch protein viral capsid banaate banaate, hain-ull6, ull18, ull35, aur pramukh capsid protein protein.
cellular pravishti.
ack mezban koshika mein hsv key pravesh mein koshika kii satah parr unake transmembrane receptors key liye baadhya kiye gaye dhake hue virus kii satah parr kaee glycoprotein shamil hotey hain. inmein seey kaee receptors koo taba koshika dwara ander kii or kheencha jaataa haye, joe kii jee. bee. glycoprotein key ack compact conformation koo sthir karane vaale teen jee. aich. jee. ell. heterodymer kii ack ring koo kholane key liye socha jaataa haye, taaki yeh koshika jhilli koo baahar nikaal sakey aur puncher curr sakey. virus kann koo dhakane vaalaa lifafa phir koshika jhilli key saath fuse hoe jaataa haye, jisase ack chhidra banata haye jisake madhyam seey viral lifafe kii samagri mezban koshika mein pravesh karati haye.
aich. aiss. vee. pravesh key kramik charan anya viruses key samaan hain. sabse pahale, virus aur koshika kii satah parr poorak receptors viral aur koshika jhilli koo nikatata mein laate hain. inn anuon kii antahkriyaaen taba ack sthir pravesh chhidra banaati hain jisake madhyam seey viral lifafe kii samagri koo mezban koshika mein pesh kiya jaataa haye. receptors seey judane key baad virus koo endocytos bhee kiya jaa sakata haye, aur fusion endosome mein hoe sakata haye. electron micrograph mein, viral aur cellular lipid dwistariya key baahari parche kaa vilay dekhaa gayaa haye; yeh ardh-sanlayan pravesh key samanya maarg parr hoe sakata haye yaa yeh aamtaur parr ack kshanik pravesh tantra kii tulanaa mein ack giraftar sthiti hoe sakati haye.
ack herpes virus key mamle mein, praarambhik antahkriya taba hoti haye jaba dou viral lifafa glycoprotein jise glycoprotein see (jee. see.) kahaa jaataa haye aur glycoprotein bee (jee. bee.) heparan sulfate naamak koshika satah polysaccharide seey judataa haye. isake baad, pramukh receptor binding protein, glycoprotein dee (jee. dee.), vishesh roop seey teen gyaat pravesh receptors mein seey cumm seey cumm ack seey judataa haye. inn koshika receptors mein herpes virus entry mediator (hvm), nectin-1 aur 3-oh sulfated heparan sulfate shamil hain. nectin receptors aamtaur parr koshika-koshika asanjan kaa utpaadan karate hain, joe mezban koshika koo virus key liye ack majboot judaav pradaan karate hain. yeye antahkriyaen jhilli kii satahon koo paraspar nikatata mein laati hain aur viral lifafe mein antarnihit anya glycoprotein koo anya koshika satah anuon key saath antahkriya karane kii anumati detee hain. ack baar jaba yeh shwetpatal seey bandha hotaa haye, tou jee. dee. apane sanrachana koo badal detaa haye aur viral glycoprotein aich (jee. aich.) aur ell (jee. ell.) key saath baatchit kartaa haye, joe ack jatil banaata haye. inn jhilli proteins kii antahkriya key parinamswarup ardh-sanlayan sthiti hoe sakati haye. jee. aich./jee. ell. complexes key saath jee. bee. kii antahkriya viral capsid key liye ack pravesh chhidra banaati haye. jee. bee. mezban koshika kii satah parr glycosaminoglycane key saath antahkriya kartaa haye. 
aanuvanshik teekaakaran.
viral capsid key cellular cytoplasm mein pravesh karane key baad, yeh viral protein liye koo vyakt karna shuru curr detaa haye. liye ack niyaamak protein haye joe mezban protein sanshleshan mein vyavadhaan paida kartaa haye aur ise viral pratikriti key liye upayog kartaa haye. liye ack cellular enzyme serin-arginine protein kinnez 1, seey key saath judataa haye. iss jatil key gathan seey seey koshika dravya seey naabhik mein sthanantarit hoe jaataa haye, aur viral genome koshika naabhik mein sthanantarit hoe jaataa haye. ack baar paramanu pravesh chhidra parr naabhik seey judey honey key baad, capsid apane dna samagri koo capsid portal key madhyam seey baahar nikaalata haye. capsid portal portal protein kii 12 pratiyon dwara banaaya jaataa haye, haye, ack ring key roop mein vyavasthit kiya jaataa haye; protein mein amino acid kaa ack lucine jipper anukram hotaa haye, joe unhein ack dusare kaa paalan karane kii anumati detaa haye. pratyek icosahedral capsid mein ack hii portal hotaa haye, joe ack sheersh mein sthit hotaa haye.
dee. aine. aeye. ack raikhik khand mein capsid seey baahar nikalata haye.
pratiraksha chori.
hsv dwara icp-47 key sraav seey prerit pratijan prasanskaran (tapp) seey judey transporter koo avaruddh karke, koshika kii satah parr mhc varg aaee pratijan prastuti key saath hastakshep key madhyam seey hsv pratiraksha pranali seey bachata haye. mezban koshika mein, null seey pachane vaale viral antigen epitope peptides koo cytosol seey endoplasmic reticulum mein leey jaaya jaataa haye, jisase inn epitope koo mhc varg aaee anuon key saath jodaa jaa sakata haye aur koshika kii satah parr prastut kiya jaa sakata haye. aim. aich. see. varg I key saath viral epitope prastuti, vishaakt tii-lymphocytes (see. tii. ell.) key sakriyan key liye ack aavashyakta haye, joe vishaakt-sankramit koshikaon key khilaf koshika-madhyasth pratiraksha pratikriya key pramukh prabhaavak hain. icp-47 hsv key khilaf ctl-pratikriya kii shuruat koo rokta haye, jisase virus mezban mein lambe samay taka jeevit reh sakata haye. hsv aamtaur parr anumeya koshika rekhaaon mein 24-72 sankraman key baad key ghanton key bheetar cytopathic prabhaav (see. pee. ee.) paida kartaa haye joe shaastriya pattika gathan dwara dekhaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, hsv-1 naidaanik isolates kii bhee soochana dee gaee haye kii way virus protein abhivyakti key nimn star key saath kaee maargon parr vero aur aeye549 koshika sanskritiyon mein koee see. pee. ee. naheen dikhaa rahey hain. shayed yeye hsv-1 isolates puraane sankraman koo sthaapit karane key liye ack adhik "gupt" roop kii or vikasit hoe rahey hain, jisase neuronal vilambata key alawa mezban pratiraksha pranali seey bachane key liye ack aur ranneeti kaa pataa chalata haye.
pratikriti.
ack koshika key sankraman key baad, herpes virus protein kaa ack cascade, jise tatkaal-praarambhik, praarambhik aur dair seey kahaa jaataa haye, utpann hotaa haye. herpes virus parivaar key ack anya sadasya, kaposi key sarcoma seey judey herpes virus parr flow cytometry kaa upayog karke shodh, ack atirikt lytic charan, vilambit-dair kii sambhavana kaa sanket detaa haye. lytic sankraman key yeye charan, vishesh roop seey dair seey lytic, vilambata charan seey alag hain. hsv-1 key mamle mein, vilambata key dauran koee protein utpaad naheen paae jaate hain, jabaki way lytic chakr key dauran paae jaate hain.
praarambhik pratilekhit proteins kaa upayog virus kii aanuvanshik pratikriti key viniyaman mein kiya jaataa haye. koshika mein pravesh karane parr, ack α-tif protein viral kann mein shamil hoe jaataa haye aur tatkaal-praarambhik pratilekhan mein sahaayata kartaa haye. virian host shutoff protein (vhs yaa yaa viral pratikriti key liye bahut mahatvapurna haye. yeh enzyme mezban mein protein sanshleshan koo bund curr detaa haye, mezban aim. aar. aine. aeye. koo cumm curr detaa haye, viral pratikriti mein madad kartaa haye, aur viral protein kii jeane abhivyakti koo niyantrit kartaa haye. viral genome turant naabhik mein jaataa haye, lekin vhs protein koshika dravya mein rahata haye.
dair seey protein virus kii satah parr capsid aur receptors banaate hain. genome, core aur capsid sahit viral kanon kii packaging koshika key naabhik mein hoti haye. yahaan, viral genome key concatemer koo daraar dwara alag kiya jaataa haye aur unhein baney capsid mein rakhaa jaataa haye. hsv-1 praathamik aur maadhyamik aavaran kii prakriya seey gujarta haye. praathamik lifafa koshika kii aantarik paramanu jhilli mein ubharane seey praapt hotaa haye. yeh phir baahari paramanu jhilli key saath fuse hotaa haye. virus koshika-dravya putikaon mein ubharkar apana antim aavaran praapt kartaa haye.
avyakt sankraman.
aich. aiss. vee. aiss. ack shaant lekin nirantar roop mein banaa reh sakata haye jise avyakt sankraman key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey tantrika ganglia mein. hsv genome golakar dna ack episode key roop mein koshika kendrak mein rahata haye. hsv-1 trigeminal ganglia mein rahata haye, jabaki hsv-2 trick ganglia mein rahata haye, lekin yeye kewal aitihaasik pravrittiyaan hain. ack koshika key avyakt sankraman key dauran, hsvs vilambata-sambandhit pratilekh (lait) rna koo vyakt kartaa haye. lait mezban koshika genome koo niyantrit kartaa haye aur praakritik koshika mrityu tantra mein hastakshep kartaa haye. mezban koshikaon koo banaae rakhate hue, lait abhivyakti virus key ack jalaashay koo sanrakshit karati haye, joe baad mein, aamtaur parr lakshanaatmak, aavadhik punaravritti yaa gair-vilambata kii visheshta key "prakop" kii anumati detee haye. chaahe punaravritti lakshanaatmak hoe yaa naheen, viral shading ack nae mezban koo sankramit karane key liye hoti haye.
neurons mein paaya jaane vaalaa protein herpes virus dna seey juda sakata haye aur vilambata koo niyantrit curr sakata haye. herpes virus dna mein kyonki naamak protein key liye ack jeane hotaa haye, joe hsv-1 mein lytic sankraman seey judey jeane kaa ack mahatvapurna transactivator haye. kyonki key liye jeane key aspas key tatva ack protein koo baandhate hain jise maanav neuronal protein pratibandhaatmak maun kaarak (nrsf) yaa maanav repressor tatva maun pratilekhan kaarak (aaraam) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. jaba viral dna tatvon seey bandha hotaa haye, tou iss jeane seey pratilekhan kii shuruat koo rokane key liye icp0 jeane anukram key oopar histone dacitilation hotaa haye, jisase lytic chakr mein shamil anya viral jeane key pratilekhan koo rokaa jaa sakata haye. ack anya hsv protein kyonki protein sanshleshan key avrodh koo ulat detaa haye. है। icp0 jeane seey nrsf koo alag kartaa haye aur iss prakaar viral dna koo bund honey seey rokta haye.
genome.
hsv genome lagbhag 150,000 beepi taka faila huaa haye aur isamen dou advitiya khand hotey hain, jinhen advitiya lamba (ull) aur advitiya chhota (us) naam diyaa gayaa haye, saath hii saath unake dou siron parr paae jaane vaale antim ulte punaraavrittiyon koo doharaaen lamba (rl) aur doharaaen chhota (rs) kahaa gayaa haye. rs key aage key chhor parr mamuli "antim atirek" (α) tatva bhee paae jaate hain. samagr vyavastha rl-ull-rl-α-rs-us-rs-α haye jisamen pratyek jodee ack dusare koo ulatati haye. phir poore anukram koo ack antim pratyaksh punaravritti mein shamil kiya jaataa haye. lambe aur chhote bhaagon mein seey pratyek kii pratikriti kii apani utpatti hoti haye, jisamen oril oril aur aur key beach sthit hotaa haye aur oris rs key paas ack jodee mein sthit hotaa haye. choonki l aur s khandon koo kissy bhee disha mein ikattha kiya jaa sakata haye, isaliye unhein swatantra roop seey ack dusare key saapeksh ulta kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase vibhinn raikhik isomer banate hain.
jeane abhivyakti.
hsv jeane 3 laukik vargon mein vyakt kiye jaate hainh tatkaal praarambhik (yaani yaa α), praarambhik (ee yaa β) aur dair seey (γ) jeane. haalaanki, viral jeane abhivyakti kii pragati spasht roop seey alag charanon kii tulanaa mein dheere-dheere hoti haye. sankraman key thheek baad tatkaal praarambhik jeane kaa pratilekhan kiya jaataa haye aur unake jeane utpaad praarambhik jeane key pratilekhan koo sakriya karate hain. praarambhik jeane utpaad viral dna koo doharaane mein madad karate hain. viral dna pratikriti, badale mein, dair seey jeane kii abhivyakti koo uttejit karati haye, sanrachanaatmak protein koo encoding karati haye.
tatkaal praarambhik (yaani) jeane kaa pratilekhan virus dna key naabhik mein pravesh karane key thheek baad shuru hotaa haye. sabhi virus jeane mezban aar. aine. aeye. polymerase II dwara lipyantarit hotey hain. halanki mezban protein virus pratilekhan key liye paryaapt hain, viral protein kuchh jeenon key pratilekhan key liye aavashyak hain. udaaharan key liye, vee. pee. 16 pratilekhan mein ack mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye aur virus kann spasht roop seey ise mezban koshika mein laataa haye, taaki ise pahale utpann karane kii aavashyakta naa padey. isi tarah, protein rs1 (icp4), al54 (icp27), aur icp0 praarambhik (e) jeane key pratilekhan koo badhaava dete hain. jaise jeane, praarambhik jeane pravartakon mein cellular pratilekhan karakon key liye badhyakari sthal hotey hain. ack praarambhik protein, protein, dair seey jeane key pratilekhan aur dna pratikriti donon key liye aavashyak haye.
aich. aiss. vee. key jeevan chakr mein baad mein, tatkaal praarambhik aur praarambhik jeane kii abhivyakti bund hoe jaati haye. yeh vishisht virus protein dwara madhyasthata kii jaati haye, ee.jee. kyonki, joe apane swayam key pravartak mein tatvon key liye baadhya hocker khud koo dabaata haye. isake parinamswarup, kyonki key star key nimn-niyaman seey praarambhik aur dair seey jeane abhivyakti mein kamee aatee haye, kyonki kyonki donon key liye mahatvapurna haye.
mahatvapurna roop seey, hsv virus utpaadan key liye cellular sansadhanon koo nirdeshit karane key liye mezban koshika rna, dna aur protein sanshleshan koo bund curr detaa haye. sabse pahale, virus protein vhs sankraman mein pahale seey maujood mrna key ksharan koo prerit kartaa haye. anya viral jeane cellular pratilekhan aur anuvaad mein baadha daalate hain. udaaharan key liye, liye rna splissing koo rokta haye, taaki virus mra (joe aamtaur parr splies naheen hotey hain) mezban mra parr laabh praapt curr sakein. anta mein, virus protein mezban koshika chakr mein shamil kuchh cellular protein koo asthir curr dete hain, taaki koshika vibhajan aur mezban koshika dna pratikriti donon virus pratikriti key paksh mein pareshan hoe.
vikas.
herpes simplexes 1 genome koo chhah vanshon mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. inmein seey chaar purvi africa mein, ack purvi asia mein aur ack europe aur uttari america mein hotaa haye. isase pataa chalata haye kii virus kii utpatti purvi africa mein hui hogi. eurasian upbhedon kaa sabse halia aam poorvaj lagbhag 60,000 saal pahale vikasit huaa prateet hotaa haye. purvi asiai hsv-1 isolates mein ack asamanya pattern haye jise vartamaan mein japan key logon key liye jimmedaar pravaas kii dou laharon dwara sabse achchi tarah seey samajhaaya gayaa haye.
herpes simplexes 2 genome koo dou samoohon mein vibhajit kiya jaa sakata haih ack vaishvik star parr vitarit haye aur doosara jyaadaatar upa-sahaara africa taka seemit haye. vishva star parr vitarit genotype mein herpes simplexes 1 key saath chaar pracheen punarsanyojan hue hain. yeh bhee bataaya gayaa haye kii hsv-1 aur hsv-2 mein donon rogjanakon seey ack saath sankramit mejbaanon mein samkaaleen aur sthir punarsanyojan ghatanaaen hoe sakati hain. sabhi mamle hsv-2 hsv-1 genome key kuchh hisson koo praapt curr rahey hain, kabhi-kabhi iss prakriya mein isake pratijan epitope key hisson koo badal rahey hain.
utparivartan darr kaa anuman ~ 1.38 × 10−7 pratisthaapan/sthal/varsh lagaaya gayaa haye. naidaanik setting mein, yaa tou thymidine kinnez jeane yaa dee. aine. aeye. polymerase jeane mein utparivartan ney aceclovir key liye pratirodh paida kiya haye. haalaanki, adhikansh utparivartan dee. aine. aeye. polymerase jeane key bajaay thymidine kinnez jeane mein hotey hain.
ack anya vishleshan ney herpes simplexes 1 genome mein utparivartan darr prati varsh prati site 1.82 × 10−8 nucleotide pratisthaapan honey kaa anuman lagaaya haye. iss vishleshan ney iss virus key sabse haal key samanya poorvaj koo 710,000 saal pahale rakhaa.
herpes simplexes 1 aur 2 lagbhag alag hoe gaye.
upchaar.
anya herpeswirde key samaan, herpes simplexes virus avyakt aajivan sankraman sthaapit karate hain, aur iss prakaar vartamaan upchaaron key saath shareer seey unmoolan naheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
upchaar mein aamtaur parr samanya-uddeshya vaali antiviral davaaen shamil hoti hain joe viral pratikriti mein hastakshep karati hain, prakop seey judey ghaavon kii shaaririk gambhirta koo cumm karati hain, aur dusaron mein sancharan kii sambhavana koo cumm karati hain. kamjor rogi aabaadi key adhyayanon ney sanket diyaa haye kii aceclovir aur valesiclovir jaise antiviral kaa dainik upayog punah sakriyan darr koo cumm curr sakata haye. antiherpetic davaaon key vyaapak upayog seey kuchh dawa pratirodh kaa vikas huaa haye, joe badale mein upchaar kii viphalata kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. isaliye, samasya koo hull karane key liye davaaon key nae sroton kii vyaapak roop seey jaanch kii jaati haye. janwari 2020 mein, ack vyaapak sameeksha lekh prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa jisamen praakritik utpaadon kii prabhavsheelta koo ashajanak hsv-rodhi davaaon key roop mein pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa. pyritheone, ack jastaa ionfore, ney herpes simplexes key khilaf antiviral gatividhi dikhaai haye.
alzheimer roga.
1979 mein, yeh bataaya gayaa thaa kii hsv-1 aur alzheimer roga key beach ack sambhaavit sambandh haye, jinn logon mein jeane epo key apsilon 4 elil haye. hsv-1 vishesh roop seey tantrika tantra key liye hanikarak prateet hotaa haye aur alzheimer roga key vikas key jokhim koo badhaata haye. virus lipoprotein key ghatakon aur receptors key saath baatchit kartaa haye, jisase alzheimer roga kaa vikas hoe sakata haye. yeh shodh hsvs kii pehchaan alzheimer kii sthaapana seey sabse spasht roop seey judey rogjanak key roop mein kartaa haye. 1997 mein kiye gaye ack adhyayan key anusaar, jeane elil kii upasthiti key binaa, hsv-1 kissy bhee tantrika sambandhi kshati kaa kaaran naheen banata haye yaa alzheimer key jokhim koo naheen badhaata haye. haalaanki, 2008 mein 591 logon key samooh key saath prakaashit ack aur halia sambhaavit adhyayan ney hsv key haal key sakriya honey aur alzheimer roga kii ghatnaaon mein inn antibody key binaa rogiyon key beach saankhyikiya roop seey mahatvapurna antar dikhaaya, binaa epo-epilon 4 elil key pratyaksh sahsambandh key.
pareekshan mein rogiyon kaa ack chhota saa namuna thaa jinake paas aadhar rekha parr antibody naheen thee, isaliye parinamon koo atyadhik "anishchit" key roop mein dekhaa jaanaa chaahiye. 2011 mein, manchester vishvavidyalaya key vaigyaanikon ney dikhaaya kii kii koshikaon kaa antiviral agents key saath ilaaj karane seey beeta-amyloid aur taau protein key sanchay mein kamee aaee aur hsv-1 pratikriti mein bhee kamee aaee.
33, 000 rogiyon parr taiwan seey 2018 key ack purvavyaapi adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii herpes simplexes virus seey sankramit honey seey anty-herpetic davaaen praapt naheen karane vaale rogiyon mein dementia kaa khatra 2.56 gunaa (95 pratishat see. aaee.: 2.3-2.8) badh gayaa (aich. aiss. vee-1 sankraman key liye 2.6 gunaa aur aich. aiss. vee-2 sankraman key liye 2 gunaa). haalaanki, aich. aiss. vee. sankramit rogi joe anty-herpetic davaayen praapt curr rahey they (ee.jee.aich. aiss. vee. seey asankramit rogiyon kii tulanaa mein, aceclovir, famsiclovir, ganciclovir, edoxuridine, pensiclovir, traumentadine, valesiclovir, yaa valgonsiclovir) mein manobhransh kaa koee uchch jokhim naheen dikhaaya gayaa.
gunan punah sakriya honah.
multiplicity reactivation (aim. aar.) vaha prakriya haye jisake dwara nishkriya karane vaale kshati vaale viral genome ack sankramit koshika key bheetar ack vyavharya viral genome banaane key liye baatchit karate hain. aim. aar. kii khoj mool roop seey jeevaanu virus bacteriophase bacteriophase key saath kii gaee thee, lekin baad mein influenzae virus, aich. aaee. vee-1, adenovirus simean virus 40, vaccinia virus, revirus, polyovirus aur herpes simplexes virus sahit rogjanak virus key saath bhee paaya gayaa thaa.
jaba hsv kann ack dna hanikarak agent kii khuraak key sampark mein aatey hain joe ekal sankraman mein ghaatak hoga, lekin phir kaee sankraman seey gujarane kii anumati dee jaati haye (i.ee. prati mezban koshika mein dou yaa adhik virus), aim. aar. dekhaa jaataa haye. aim. aar. key kaaran aich. aiss. vee.-1 kaa behtar astitva vibhinn dee. aine. aeye. hanikarak agents key sampark mein aaney parr hotaa haye, jisamen methyl methanesulphonate, trimethylopsoralen (joe inter-strand dee. aine. aeye. cross-link kaa kaaran banata haye), aur yuu. vee. prakaash shamil hain. trimethylpsoralen key saath aanuvanshik roop seey chihnit hsv key upchaar key baad, chihnit viruses key beach punarsanyojan badhata haye, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii trimethylpsoralen kshati punarsanyojan koo uttejit karati haye. hsv kaa mr aanshik roop seey mezban koshika punarsanyojit marammat machinary parr nirbhar prateet hotaa haye kyonki twacha fibroblast koshikaaen iss machinary key ack ghatak mein doshpurna hoti hain (i.ee. bloom syndrome rogiyon kii koshikaon mein) aim. aar. kii kamee hoti haye.
inn tippaniyon seey pataa chalata haye kii hsv sankraman mein mr mein kshatigrast viral genome key beach aanuvanshik punarsanyojan shamil haye jisake parinamswarup vyavharya santan virus kaa utpaadan hotaa haye. hsv-1, mezban koshikaon koo sankramit karane parr, soojan aur oxidative tanaav koo prerit kartaa haye. iss prakaar yeh prateet hotaa haye kii hsv genome sankraman key dauran oxidative dna kshati key adheen hoe sakata haye, aur mr inn sthitiyon key tahat viral uttarjeevita aur vishaaktata koo badhaa sakata haye.
cancer-rodhi agent key roop mein upayog karein.
sanshodhit herpes simplexes virus koo cancer key liye ack sambhaavit chikitsa key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye aur isaki oncolitic (cancer maarne) kshamata kaa aaklan karane key liye vyaapak roop seey naidaanik roop seey pareekshan kiya gayaa haye. aanuvanshik roop seey ksheen herpes virus key amgen key charan 3 pareekshan seey antarim samagr uttarjeevita detta melanoma key khilaf prabhavkarita kaa sujhaav detaa haye.
neuronal connection tracing mein upayog karein.
herpes simplexes virus kaa upayog ack transneuronal tracer key roop mein bhee kiya jaataa haye joe paar karane vaale synapse key aadhar parr neurons key beach connection koo paribhaashit kartaa haye.
anya sambandhit parinam.
hsv-2 molerate key meningitis kaa sabse aam kaaran haye. hsv-1 seey herpes simplexes encephalitis key sambhaavit ghaatak mamle hoe sakate hain. herpes simplexes virus kaa adhyayan kendriya tantrika tantra key vikaaron jaise kii multiple sclerosis mein bhee kiya gayaa haye, lekin shodh paraspar virodhi aur anirnaayak rhaa haye.
jannang herpes simplexes sankraman key nidan key baad, rogiyon mein gahan avasaad kaa ack prakaran vikasit hoe sakata haye. lakshnon koo cumm karane aur unaki avadhi koo cumm karane key liye antiviral dawa kii peshkash karane key alawa, chikitsakon koo ack nae nidan key mansik swaasthya prabhaav koo bhee sambodhit karna chaahiye. inn sankramanon key bahut adhik prasaar, unake prabhaavi upchaar aur vikas mein bhavishya key upchaaron key baare mein jaankaari pradaan karna una rogiyon koo aashaa pradaan curr sakata haye joe anyatha hatotsaahit hain.
shodh.
kuchh herpes virus key liye aamtaur parr upayog kiye jaane vaale teeke maujood hain, jaise kii pashu chikitsa teeka aich. vee. tii./ell. tii. (turkey herpes virus vector laryngotrachitis vaccine). haalaanki, yeh lakshit jaanvaron mein atherosclerosis (joe hystological roop seey manushyon mein atherosclerosis koo darshaata haye) koo rokta haye.
herpes virus key liye upalabdh ekmatra maanav teeke varicella joster virus key liye hain, joe bachchon koo unake pahale janmadin key aspas chickenpox (varicella) koo rokane key liye yaa vayaskon koo daad (herpes joster) key prakop koo rokane key liye diye jaate hain. haalaanki, herpes simplexes virus key liye koee maanav teeka naheen haye. 2022 taka, manushyon mein herpes simplexes parr sakriya poorv-naidaanik aur naidaanik adhyayan chala rahey hain; upchaar aur roktham donon key liye teeke vikasit kiye jaa rahey hain.

