thuringi

thuringi, toringi yaa turiochamy, ack praarambhik german loga they joe madhya germania key herz pahaadon mein dair seey pravaas avadhi key dauran dikhaai diye, ack kshetra jise aaj bhee thuringia key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh ack raajya bunn gayaa, joe merovingian frank key saath sangharsh mein aaa gayaa, aur baad mein yeh unake prabhaav aur spasht niyantran mein aaa gayaa. yeh naam abhee bhee aadhunik germany key sanghiya raajyon ("bundeslander") mein seey ack key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye.
pahali upasthiti.
thuringian usa naam key tahat shaastriya roman granthon mein dikhaai naheen dete hain, lekin kuchh logon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii way suebic harmanduri key avashesh they, jinake naam kaa antim bhaag ("-durie") ("-thuri") key roop mein ack hii dhwani kaa pratinidhitva curr sakata thaa aur german pratyay "-ing", "([herman] durie key vanshajon)" kaa arth bataata haye. yeye loga marcomanni key paas reh rahey they. tacitus ney apane "germania" mein, unaki matribhoomi kaa varnan kiya haye kii jahan seey elbe shuru hotaa haye, lekin denube mein aur yahaan taka kii roman praant retiya key bheetar bhee upanivesh hain.
claudius tolemy ney apane bhugol mein naa tou harmunduri aur naa hii thuringian kaa ullekh kiya haye, balki isake bajaay turiocheme (turon, pracheen german logon aur janjaatiyon kii soochi dekhein) kaa ullekh kiya haye, joe sudets pahaadon key thheek uttar mein rahate hain, jinhen ergebirge maanaa jaataa haye. yeye baad key thuringian seey bhee judey hoe sakate hain. ("cheme" "ghar" key liye german shabd key ack sanskaran kaa pratinidhitva curr sakata haye. tolemy ney elbe key paschim mein "banochaimai" naamak logon kaa bhee ullekh kiya haye. vaha spasht roop seey chamawi key naam koo bhee isi tarah seey likhata haye.) iss logon kaa gathan thuringia key uttar-poorv mein nichali elbe nadee key purvi tata seey judee dou lambe samay seey gyaat janjaatiyon seey bhee prabhaavit hoe sakata haye, kyonki unake liye likhe gaye carolingian kaanoon code koo "konon kaa kaanoon aur varini joe thuringian haye" kahaa jaataa thaa. bahut pahale, udaaharan key liye, apane "germania" mein tacitus ney inn dou janjaatiyon koo adhik door kii suebic janjaatiyon key beach samoohbaddh kiya thaa, joe elbe seey parey rahate they, aur ack samudra key paas jahaan way hearthus kii pooja karate they. (pliny dha elder ney varini koo suebian key bajaay ack vidhvansak, yaa purvi german janjaati key roop mein soochibaddh kiya thaa.) yeye dou janjaatiyaan german samoohon mein seey hain jinhen iss avadhi mein denube key uttar mein paaya gayaa thaa. procopius ney apane "gothic yuddhon" mein varini kii bhoomi koo daine key dakshin mein, lekin slaav key uttar mein honey key roop mein varnit kiya haye, joe badale mein denube key uttar mein sthit asanskrit bhoomi key uttar mein they. procopius chhathi shatabdi mein britten aur verney key konon key beach ack vivaah gathbandhan kaa varnan kartaa haye.
thuringian key naam kaa ullekh pahali baar vanaspati key pashu chikitsa granth mein kiya gayaa prateet hotaa haye, joe paanchvin shatabdi kii shuruat mein likhaa gayaa thaa.
way atila key gaul parr aakraman mein shamil logon kii kuchh soochiyon mein dikhaai dete hain. walter pohl ney yeh bhee prastaav diyaa haye kii way turcillingi (yaa torcollingi) key samaan hoe sakate hain joe atila key samrajya key patan key baad madhya denube key paas kii janjaatiyon mein seey ack they, jinake liye way sabhi spasht roop seey adheen they. way vishesh roop seey odoesar key saath judey hue hain, joe baad mein itali key raajaa baney, aur kabhi-kabhi maanaa jaataa haye kii way skirry kaa ack hissa they. usa samay iss kshetra kii anya janjaatiyon mein roogi aur herrels shamil they. sidonius apolinaris ney apani saatvin kavita mein, unhein una sahyogiyon key beach spasht roop seey soochibaddh kiya haye joe 451 mein atila key tahat ladey they jaba unhone gaul mein pravesh kiya thaa. bachpan key dauron aur fredegger record key dauran kii spasht raajaa ney thuringian key raajaa kii bhaag gaee patni seey shaadi kii thee, lekin kahani koo vikrit kiya jaa sakata haye. (udaaharan key liye, tongren kaa kshetra, joe abb belgium mein haye, kaa irada kiya gayaa hoga.)
adhik spasht roop seey, theoderic dha grate (454-526) aur clovis i (lagbhag) key shasankal key dauran procopius aur casiodorus dwara thuringian key raajya key saath patrachar darj kiya gayaa haye. 466-511), atila aur odoesar key patan key baad. 
raajneetik itihas.
thuringi ney paanchvin shatabdi key anta mein ack samrajya kii sthaapana kii. yeh chhathe key pahale bhaag mein apane kshetriya shikhar parr pahunch gayaa thaa, isase pahale kii ise frank dwara 531-532 mein jeetaa gayaa thaa. thuringian kabr sthalon kii jaanch seey kapaal kii visheshtaon kaa pataa chalata haye joe shikari mahilaaon yaa daason kii majboot upasthiti kaa sujhaav detee haye, shayed yeh sanket detaa haye kii kaee thuringian ney shikari samrajya key patan key baad shikari patniyon yaa shikari daason koo leey liya thaa. kabron mein paae gaye aabhushanon seey bhee saboot milata haye kii thuringian ney shuturmurg aur lombard mahilaaon key saath vivaah kii maang kii thee. alboin key netritva mein, thuringi kaa ack badaa samooh itali mein unake pravaas parr lombards mein shamil hoe gayaa. lombard raajaa egilulf (590-616) thuringian vansh kaa thaa.
apani vijay key baad, thuringi koo spasht "duce" (duke) key tahat rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin unhone vidroh curr diyaa aur saatvin shatabdi key anta taka redulf key tahat apani swatantrata hassil curr lii thee. iss shatabdi key anta mein, thuringia key kuchh hisse saxon shasson key tahat aae.
charles martel aur sent boniface key samay taka, way phir seey frank key adheen they aur dakshin mein wurzberg mein apani seat key saath frank duke dwara shaasit they. martel key tahat, thuringian duke key adhikaar koo austrasia aur bavarian pathaar key ack hisse parr vistaarit kiya gayaa thaa. laan, mukhya aur necker nadiyon kii ghaatiyan shamil theen. usa samay naab ney thuringia kii dakshin-purvi seema kaa gathan kiya thaa. vera aur fulda ghaatiyan bhee isake bheetar theen aur yeh uttar mein saxon maidan taka pahunch gaee thee. gande key baahar germania mein iska kendriya sthaan yeh thaa kii yeh boneface key mission kaary kaa "point dee 'appui" bunn gayaa.
thuringi kii ack alag pehchaan thee jaba unake pramukh purushon mein seey ack, hardrad ney charlemen key khilaf ack asafal vidroh kaa netritva kiya. carolingians ney thuringian kanuni reeti-rivaajon koo samhitaabaddh kiya (lekin shayed unakaa vyaapak roop seey upayog naheen kiya) "lakes thuringoram" key roop mein aur praant seey sooaron kii ack shraddhanjali, sambhavatah ack merovinjan adhiropan, jaari rakhaa. dasavin shatabdi mein, otoniyanon key adheen, thuringian shakti kaa kendra uttar-poorv mein, erfert key paas thaa. dasavin shatabdi key anta taka, cheeni mitty kii bhent abhee bhee germany key raajaa dwara sweekaar kii jaa rahee thee.
church kaa itihas.
isai dharm paanchvin shatabdi mein thuringi taka pahunch gayaa thaa, lekin unake paas iska sampark seemit thaa. unakaa vaastavik isaikaran, unake kshetra key church key sangathan key saath, aathvin shatabdi kii shuruat aur madhya key dauran, sauhard key tahat huaa, jinhone 724 mein geesmar mein apane "pavitra oak" koo giraa diyaa, jisase unake moortipoojak key avashesh samaapt hoe gaye.
1020 key dashak mein, mainz key archbishop, aribo ney thuringia key sabse puraane bajar shahar erfert mein sikkon kii dhalai shuru kii, jiska itihas merovingian kaal seey haye. arthavyavastha, vishesh roop seey vyaapaar (jaise kii slaav key saath), usake baad bahut badh gayaa.
samajik itihas.
thuringian kuleenata, jisamen spasht, thuringian aur saxon rakt kaa mishran thaa, francia kii tarah jameen parr naheen thaa. francia kii tulanaa mein mukt kisan kisaanon kii aabaadi bhee adhik thee, haalaanki vahaan abhee bhee badee sankhya mein daas they. vahaan key daason key daayitva bhee aam taur parr cumm damankari they. shaanti aaney seey pahale paadari bhee cumm they. vahaan kaarigaron aur vyapariyon kii ack chhoti sankhya thee, joe jyaadaatar poorv mein slaav key saath vyaapaar karate they. erfert shahar usa samay spasht kshetra mein sabse purvi vyaparik chauki thaa.
itihas lekhan.
thuringi kaa itihas unake vijetaon, frank key baare mein lekhan seey sabse achchha jaanaa jaataa haye. paryatanon kaa ack samooh, ack gallo-roman, thuringian samrajya key patan key samay kaa nikatatam vivaran shamil haye. dasavin shatabdi key saxony mein likhate hue, corway key vidhukind, vibhinn kinvadantiyon key saath apane samaan khaate koo bhar dete hain.
thuringi samkaaleen italvi sroton mein sankshipt roop seey dikhaai dete hain jaba unaki gatividhiyaan alps key dakshin kii bhoomi koo prabhaavit karati hain. purvi roman lekhak procopius ney unakaa ullekh kiya haye aur unake patan kii baat kii haye. saatvin shatabdi key "origo gentis langobardorum" mein thuringi key ack raajaa, fisud kaa ullekh theudbert pratham key samkaaleen key roop mein kiya gayaa haye.

