
nemesius

emesa key nemesius (;; fl. see. aeye. dee. 390) ack isai daarshanik they, aur ack granth "περh φύσεως ἀνθροποy" yaa "dee nechura hominis" ("maanav prakriti parr") key lekhak they. unaki pustak key sheershak key anusaar, way emesa (vartamaan seeriya mein) key bishap they. unaki pustak isai darshan key drishtikon seey maanav vigyaan kii ack pranali koo sankalit karane kaa ack prayaas haye; yeh baad key yunani, arabi aur isai vichaaron mein bahut prabhaavshaali thaa.
nemesius ack shaaririk siddhantkar bhee they. unhone apane lekhan kaa adhikansh hissa aristotal aur gallen key pichhale kaam parr adharit kiya, aur yeh anuman lagaaya gayaa haye kii unhone villium harvey kii rakt parisancharan kii khoj kaa anuman lagaaya thaa.
anya vichaaron mein divya providence kaa paanch-siddhant padanukram shamil thaa. yeye siddhant pahale key ack platonic siddhant seey vikasit kiye gaye hain.
nemesius, herophilus aur erasistrates seey laker aage taka, iss vichaar key adhivaktaon mein seey ack they kii mastishk key vibhinn guhaaen vibhinn karyon key liye jimmedaar theen. unakaa "mansik karyapranali key nilay sthaaniyakaran kaa siddhant" isai darshan key saath aatma parr platonic siddhanton kaa ack mell haye aur maanav shareer kii yunani vaigyaanik vyakhya aur gyaan parr bhee jore diyaa.
jeevani.
nemesius key jeevan key baare mein bahut cumm jaankaari upalabdh haye sivaay isake kii vaha emesa key bishap they. yahaan taka kii unaki tarikh bhee anishchit haye, halanki kuchh aantarik saakshyon dwara ack motaa sanket diyaa gayaa haye joe apollinarian vivaad key baad aur utiches aur nestorius (paanchvin shatabdi kii doosari timahi) seey judey sangharsh seey pahale key samay kii or ishara kartaa haye. iss baat key saboot hain kii vaha gallen key lekhan mein achchi tarah seey padhe gaye they aur hoe sakata haye kii unhone kuchh chikitsa prashikshan liya hoe. unake lekhan mein joe bahut spasht naheen haye vaha haye unake prakaashit lekhan kii isai dharm aur unaki shiksha key helenwad key beach kii antahkriya. yeh ullekhaniya haye kii ack bishap koo hellenistic vichaar mein itani ruchi honey chaahiye.
nemesius vahee vyakti hoe sakata haye joe usee naam key moortipoojak key roop mein thaa, jise nazianzas key grogory ney chaar aksharon aur ack protreptic kavita koo sambodhit kiya thaa. yeh nemesius, ack vakeel, 386-87 key aspas key cappadosia sekunda kaa governor thaa, jaba gregory ney usey isai banane key liye aamantrit kiya thaa.
"praakritik hominis.
nemesius koo unaki pustak "dee nechura hominis" ("maanav prakriti parr" yaa "manushya kii prakriti parr") key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. nemesius kii pustak mein gallenic shareer rachana aur shareer vigyaan seey sambandhit kaee ansh bhee hain. yeh sthaapit karna kii mansik kshamataaen kissy key mastishk key nilay mein sthaaniyakrit hain, unake kaam key mukhya siddhant they.
nemesius koo divya providence key apane siddhanton key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack aisaa siddhant jiss parr varshon seey bahas hoe rahee haye. yeh plato seey prerit thaa. nemesius providence koo kuchh hudd taka vishishtataon aur saarvbhaumiktaa key saath ack chinta key roop mein maanata haye. vaha kahata haye kii yeh divya providence kaa kaam haye kyonki harr koee ack dusare seey alag dikhta haye. vaha kahata haye kii divya providence key binaa koee bhee dusare seey pahachaana naheen jaa sakata thaa.
providence kaa pahala siddhant.
nemesius kaa yeh siddhant, varnan kartaa haye kii brahmand kii sanrachana ack sampoorn haye, jise "vishva-aatma" ("anima mundi") kahaa jaataa haye. vishva-aatma mein swargiya devta (taare, grah aur prithvi) shamil hain. isamen nashwar praniyon kii aatmaon key amar, tarksangat bhaag bhee shamil hain. vaha aatmaon aur shariron key nashwar srishti key hisson koo swargiya devtaon key liye chhod detaa haye. divya providence key agale teen siddhant joe nemesius kaa sujhaav haye, ack padanukram key roop mein vyavasthit hain.
providence key teen staron kaa padanukram.
sarvocch ishwar kaa praathamik adhikaar haye. yeh swarg aur tarksangat aatmaon seey sambandhit haye. dwiteeyak providence koo jaldi kharaab honey vaali cheejon key aaney aur praakritik cheejon key sanrakshan key crum parr swargiya nikaayon key prabhaav seey pahachaana jaa sakata haye. padanukram mein tritiyak providence manushya key karyon seey sambandhit dayman seey sambandhit haye.
chaturth siddhant.
nemesius key chaturth siddhant mein unhone varnan kiya haye kii kuchh aisee cheejen hain jinka shreya naa tou munn koo diyaa jaa sakata haye aur naa hii cheejon kii prakriti koo. munn una cheejon seey sambandhit haye joe humm jimmedaar hain, aur providence una cheejon seey sambandhit haye jinake liye humm jimmedaar naheen hain.
providence kaa paanchvaan siddhant.
nemesius kaa providence kaa antim siddhant una logon key sambandh mein haye joe kahate hain kii bhagwan cheejon kii nirantarta key liye chintit hain, lekin cheejon key vishesh key saath naheen.
"nilay sthaaniyakaran kaa siddhant.
nemesius "mansik karyon key nilay sthaaniyakaran key siddhant" mein bhee yogdan detaa haye. yeh siddhant, pahale key platonic siddhant key anusaran key roop mein, yeh pehchaan kartaa haye kii sabhi samvedi dhaarana mastishk key poorvavarti kshetra mein praapt kii gaee thee. iss kshetra koo abb paarshv-nilay key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. iss kshetra koo baad mein "sensus communis" kahaa gayaa aur yeh vaha kshetra haye jahan sabhi samvedi dhaaranaaen samaan roop seey rakhee gaee theen. inhen ack bull dwara dhaaran kiya gayaa thaa jise kalpana key sankaay key roop mein pahachaana gayaa thaa.
madhya yaa jise "teesare nilay" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, koo buddhi key sankaay kaa kshetra kahaa jaataa thaa. yeh vaha kshetra haye joe paarshv nilay mein ekatra kii gaee samvedi dhaaranaon key nirnay, anumodan, khandan aur parakh koo niyantrit karane key liye jimmedaar thaa. teesare sankaay kii pehchaan smriti key roop mein kii gaee thee, aur buddhi key sankaay dwara nirnay liye jaane key baad sabhi samvedi dhaaranaon kaa bhandar thaa. 
nemesius kaa maanana thaa kii dhamniyon key ack network key madhyam seey leey jaane key baad utpaadit ack pashu aatma key agent key madhyam seey sankaay sanchaalit hotey hain. iss network koo "rette mirabile" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh mastishk key aadhar parr sthit haye. nemesius key mansik karyon key nilay sthaaniyakaran key siddhant koo bahut sweekaar kiya gayaa thaa, lekin baad mein brengarioda carpy dwara hamla kiya gayaa thaa, aur phir 1543 aur 1573 mein vesalius aur verolio dwara hamla kiya gayaa thaa.
baad kaa prabhaav.
chhathi shatabdi mein, "praakritik hominis" parr bahut cumm dhyaan diyaa gayaa prateet hotaa haye. maximus dha confessor apane "aspashtata" (628 aur 634 key beach likhaa gayaa) mein iss kaam koo uddhrit karane vaalaa pahala lekhak haye. church key lekhak anastasios synites ney apane "prashnon aur uttaron" mein anshon koo shamil kiya. phir, 743 mein damascus key johnn ney apane lekhan "dee fide orthodox" mein vyaapak anshon koo shamil kiya, halanki lekhak key roop mein nemesius kaa naam liye binaa. iska anuvaad lagbhag 1153 mein pisa key bergandio dwara lattin mein kiya gayaa thaa. byzantine lekhak jinhone nemesius key kaam kaa sabse adhik upayog kiya thaa, gyaarahavin shatabdi key lekhak michael selos they.
baad kii kaee shataabdiyon key liye, "dee nechura hominis" koo nyasa key gregory key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya gayaa thaa. yeh galat aarop madhya yug mein siriyai, armenian, yunani aur arabi paramparaon key saath-saath paschim key lattin bhashi vidvaanon kii duniya mein bhee aam thaa. isaliye, anya logon key beach, albert dha grate aur thomas aquinas ney maanaa kii gregory lekhak they. gregory kii uchch pratishtha ney kaam kii lokpriyata mein yogdan diyaa, joe pandulipiyon kii sankhya mein parilakshit hotaa haih udaaharan key liye, ack sou seey adhik yunani paandulipiyaan gyaat hain.
"dee naichura hominis" kaa anuvaad lattin mein salerno key alphanus dwara lagbhag 1080 mein kiya gayaa thaa. iss anuvaad kaa upayog baarahavin shatabdi mein baath key edellard, shankh key villium aur sent thiri key villium jaise vidvaanon dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur phir terahavin shatabdi mein albert dha grate dwara kiya gayaa thaa. doosara lattin anuvaad 1165 key aspas pisa key bergandio dwara kiya gayaa thaa. iska upayog peater lombard, albert dha grate aur thomas aquinas dwara kiya gayaa thaa.
inn vibhinn madhyamon seey, nemesius key vichaar kaa junoon seey sambandhit madhyayugeen charchaon parr bahut prabhaav padaa.

