
alfred dee vigni

alfred victor, comte dee vigni (27 march 1797-17 sitambar 1863) ack francisi kavi aur praarambhik francisi romantikwadi they. unhone shekspeare key upanyaas, naatak aur anuvaad bhee banaae.
jeevani.
vigni kaa janm ack kuleen parivaar mein huaa thaa (ack shahar jahan vaha kabhi naheen lauta). unake pitaa saat saal key yuddh key 60 varsheeya anubhavi they, joe vigni key 20vein janmadin seey pahale marr gaye they; unaki maan, 20 saal chhoti, ack majboot ichchaashakti vaali mahila theen, joe russo seey prerit theen aur jinhone vigni kii praarambhik shiksha key liye vyaktigat jimmedaari lii thee. unake naana, markis dee barauddin, shaahi nausena key saath commodore key roop mein kaary curr chuke they.
vigni peris mein pully-badhee, aur licey bonepart mein ikol polytechnic key liye praarambhik adhyayan mein bhaag liya, francisi itihas aur bibil kaa achchha gyaan praapt karane seey pahale "baahon key gaurav key liye atyadhik pyaar" vikasit kiya.
jaisa kii harr kuleen parivaar key liye thaa, francisi kranti ney parivaar kii paristhitiyon koo kaafee cumm curr diyaa. waterloo mein napolean kii haar key baad, ack borban, lui xviii, lui xvii key bhaai koo adhikaar mein bahaal curr diyaa gayaa, aur 1814 mein vigni ney "maisan doo roee" (raajaa key rakshak) kii visheshaadhikaar praapt kuleen companiyon mein seey ack mein dusare leftinent key roop mein dakhila liya.
haalaanki unhein 1822 mein pratham leftinent key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa aur agale varsh kaptan key roop mein, shaanti key samay sainya peshe ney unhein oob diyaa. kaee baar anupasthiti mein rahane key baad unhone 1827 key dauran sainya jeevan koo chhod diyaa, 1820 key dauran apani pahali kavita "leey baal" aur 1824 mein shaitan key vimochan key lokpriya romantic vishay parr ack mahatvakankshi kathaa kavita "aloa" prakaashit curr chuke they.
senaa seey lagaatar chhutti lete hue, vaha apani yuva angreji dulhan lydia banbari key saath peris mein buss gaye, jinase unhone 1825 mein paau mein shaadi kii. unhone janwari 1826 mein "pomes antix aitt modern" mein apani halia kritiyon koo ekatra kiya. teen maheene baad unhone francisi mein pahala mahatvapurna aitihaasik upanyaas, "sink-mars" prakaashit kiya, joe lui xiii key pasandida heinry coeffier dee ruze, sink-mars key markis key jeevan parr adharit thaa, jinhone cardinal dee richelli key khilaf sajish rachee thee. inn dou khandon kii safalata key saath, vigni ack pramukh romantic celebrity bunn rahee thee, halanki vigni key doston mein seey ack, victor hyugo, jald hii bahut adhik prasiddh hoe gayaa. vigni ney hyugo key baare mein likhaah "jiss vijeta seey main pyaar kartaa thaa vaha abb naheen haye... abb vaha saumya tippani karna pasand kartaa haye aur ack udaarvaadi bunn rhaa haye, joe usake liye upayukt naheen haye."hyugo aur alphons dee lamartin key vipareet, joe 1830 key dashak key dauran dheere-dheere udaar aur phir kattarpanthi bunn gaye, vigni apani rajneeti mein udaar roop seey madhyamaargi baney raheh unhone julaai rajshahi koo sweekaar kiya, pahale swaagat kiya aur phir dusare francisi ganarajya koo aswikar curr diyaa, aur phir napolean III kaa samarthan kiya. vigni ney baad mein una logon kii ninda kii jinhen vaha achchi tarah seey jaanate they, jinn parr unhein shaahi pulis key prati gantantra kii sahaanubhooti kaa sandeh thaa.
1827 mein peris kii ack angreji rangmanch mandali kii yatra ney shekspeare mein francisi ruchi koo punarjeevit kiya. vigni ney "romeo aur juliet" key anuvaad parr emil deschamps key saath kaam kiya. 1831 key dauran unhone apana pahala mool naatak, "laa marelle dee 'encrey" prastut kiya, joe raajaa lui xiii key shasankal seey thheek pahale kii ghatnaaon kaa varnan karane vaalaa ack aitihaasik naatak thaa. theatre mein bhaag lete hue, vaha abhinetri mairi dorwall seey mille, joe 1838 taka unaki premika bunn gaee thee. (vigni kii patni lagbhag amaanya hoe gaee thee aur kabhi bhee dharapravah french bolna naheen seekhi thee; unake koee bachche naheen they, aur vigni bhee nirash thaa jaba unake sasur key punarvivah ney dampati koo pratyaashit viraasat seey vanchit curr diyaa thaa.)
1835 key dauran vigni ney thomas chatterton key jeevan parr adharit "chatterton" naamak ack naatak kaa nirmaan kiya, joe ack angreji kavi thaa, jisane yuva avastha mein aatmahatya curr lii thee, jisamen mairi dorwall ney kitty bell key roop mein abhinay kiya thaa. "chatterton" koo francisi romantic natakon mein seey sabse achchha maanaa jaataa haye aur abhee bhee niyamit roop seey pradarshan kiya jaataa haye. chatterton kii kahani ney vigni key daarshanik upanyaas "stello" (1832) key teen prakarnon mein seey ack koo prerit kiya thaa, jisamen unhone samaaj key saath kavita key sambandh kii jaanch kii aur nishkarsh nikala kii kavi, jise harr samajik vyavastha key logon dwara sandeh key saath maanaa jaanaa chaahiye, koo samajik vyavastha seey kuchh hudd taka alag rehna chaahiye. "sevakalin aur bhavya sainya adhikaari" (1835) ack sanic kii sthiti parr ack samaan tripakshiya dhyaan thaa.
halanki vigni koo ack lekhak key roop mein safalata millie, lekin unakaa vyaktigat jeevan aksar nakhush thaa. unaki shaadi nirashajanak thee; mairi dorwall key saath unakaa rishta irshya seey grast thaa; aur antatah unaki saahityik prasiddhi bhee dusaron kii uplabdhiyon seey cumm hoe gaee. 1838 mein apani maan kii mrityu key baad unhein angauleme key paas maine-giraud kii sampatti viraasat mein millie, jahan yeh kahaa gayaa thaa kii unhone apane 'hathidant key meenar' (ack abhivyakti sente-beauv ney vigni key sandarbh mein gadhaa) koo vaapas leey liya thaa. vahaan vigni ney apani kuchh sabse prasiddh kavitaaen likhin, jinamen "laa mort doo loop" aur "laa maisan doo burger" shamil hain. proust ney "laa maisan doo burger" koo 19veen shatabdi kii sabse badee francisi kavita maanaa. 1845 mein, nirvaachit honey key kaee asafal prayason key baad, vigni akadami franchise kaa sadasya bunn gayaa.
baad key varshon mein, vigni kaa prakaashan bund hoe gayaa. haalaanki, unhone likhana jaari rakhaa, aur unaki "patrika" koo aadhunik vidvaanon dwara apane aap mein ack mahaan kaary maanaa jaataa haye, halanki yeh ack nishchit vidvatapurna sanskaran kii prateeksha curr rhaa haye. vigni ney khud koo ack daarshanik key saath-saath ack saahityik lekhak bhee maanaa; udaaharan key liye, way bauddh dharm mein gambhir ruchi lene vaale pahale francisi lekhakon mein seey ack they. unakaa apana jeevan darshan nirashawadi aur dridh thaa, lekin maanav biradari, gyaan key vikas aur aapsi sahaayata koo mahatva detaa thaa. way saahityik itihas mein pahale vyakti they jinhone pliha shabd kaa upayog duhkh, duhkh, pitt, aadhunik manushya kii aatma kii sthiti key varnanatmak arth mein kiya thaa. apane baad key varshon key dauran unhone maranoparant kavitaon key sangrah koo taiyar karane mein bahut samay bitaaya, jise abb "less destinies" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisake liye unakaa ichchit sheershak "poemus philosophic" thaa. yeh manavata key liye vigni key antim sandesh, "ell 'aspirit purr" key saath samaapt hotaa haye.
vigni ney apane saath key dashak kii shuruat mein pett kaa cancer vikasit kiya. unhone kaee varshon taka anukaraniya hathvaad key saath isaki peedaon koo sahan kiyaah 'jaba humm dekhate hain kii humm prithvi parr kyaa they aur joe humm peechhe chhodate hain/kewal maun mahaan haye; baaki sub kuchh kamjori haye.'() vigni kii mrityu 17 sitambar 1863 koo peris mein hui, apani patni kii mrityu key kuchh maheene baad. unhein peris mein cemeteer dee montmartre mein unake buggle mein dafnaya gayaa thaa. unaki kaee kritiyaan maranoparant prakaashit huin.