
japani counter shabd

japani mein, counter shabd yaa counter (,) cheejon, karyon aur ghatnaaon koo ginane key liye sankhyaon key saath upayog kiye jaane vaale maap shabd hain. counters koo seedhe sankhya key baad jodaa jaataa haye. kaee counter hain, aur vibhinn counters kaa upayog sangyaon key prakaar yaa aakar key aadhar parr kiya jaataa haye jinka varnan kiya jaa rhaa haye.
japani mein, cheeni aur koriyai mein, ank swayam sangyaon kii matra nirdhaarit naheen curr sakate hain (kuchh mamalon mein, ack seey duss taka kii sankhya key alawa; neeche dekhein). udaaharan key liye, japani mein "dou kutte" key vichaar koo vyakt karane key liye koee kaha sakata haye (shaabdik roop seey "dou chhote-pashu-ginati kutta"), yaa (shaabdik roop seey "dou chhote-pashu-ginati kutta"), lekin kewal donon crum mein chipkana aur ack saath chipkana avyaakaranik haye. yahaan sankhya "dou" haye, chhote jaanvaron key liye counter haye, swamitwadhin kann haye (ack ulta "kaa", "johnn key kutte" mein "aiss" key samaan), aur shabd "kutta" haye. 
counter swatantra shabd naheen hain; way ack sankhyaatmak upsarg key saath dikhaai dene chaahiye. sankhya aspasht hoe sakati haih yaa, cumm samanya roop seey, donon kaa upayog "kuchh/kaee/kaee" key liye kiya jaa sakata haye, aur, prashnon mein, "kyaa/kitane/kitna". udaaharan key liye, "kuchh mehmaanon" kaa anuvaad (shaabdik roop seey) kiya jaa sakata haye. "kuchh loga-sammaanit logon kii ginati karate hain"), aur "kitane mehmann?"key roop mein (litt. "kyaa loga-ginati-sammaanit-ack"). kuchh sangyaaen pasand karati hain, jaise kii "kitni raaten?"aur" main kaee dinon seey chalaa gayaa thaa."
counter "kagaj key dou tukadon" mein "tukade" yaa "coffey key dou cup" mein "cup" shabd key samaan hotey hain. haalaanki, way gair-sankhyaatmak parivartak naheen leey sakate hain. tou jabaki "kagaj key dou tukade" kaa anuvaad kaafee seedhe (litt. "kagaj dou sapaat-ginati"), "kagaj key dou harey tukade" "harey kagaj key dou tukadon key samaan prastut kiye jaane chaahiye.
angreji kii tarah, vibhinn prakaar kii matra koo vyakt karane key liye vibhinn counters kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. angreji mein, koee bhee "ack rotty" yaa "ack rotty kaa tukada" kaha sakata haye. japani mein, samkaksh honge (shaabdik roop seey. "ack rotty") aur (litt. "ack-flat-ginati"). kaee counter hain, aur sangyaon key prakaar yaa aakar key aadhar parr sankhya kaa varnan kiya jaa rhaa haye, vibhinn counters kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
vyaakaran kii drishti seey, pratishabd yaa tou usa sangya seey pahale yaa usake baad dikhaai dey sakate hain jise way ginate hain. way aam taur parr sangya (nimnalikhit kann) key baad hotey hain, aur yadi sangya seey pahale upayog kiya jaataa haye, tou way matra parr jore dete hain; yeh japani angreji seekhane vaalon key liye ack aam galati haye. udaaharan key liye, "[i] ney bear kii dou botalen piyaan" kahane key liye, adesh (litt. "bear dou-lambe-patale-ginati peete hain"). isake vipareet, (shaabdik roop seey. "dou-lambi-chhoti-ginati vaali bear pee") kewal tabhi upayukt hogi jaba sankhya parr jore diyaa jaae kyonki "[i]" bear kii dou botalen pee "" aap ney kitane bear pee? ".
vakyansh sanrachana jisamen ank aur counter shamil hain.
utpaadak vyaakaran mein, japani nammatra vakyanshon kii ack prastaavit sanrachana mein karyatmak anumaanon kii teen paraten shamil hainh #p, cassep aur quantifier. yahaan, #p koo japani key bahuvachan aakriti vigyaan kii kamee koo samajhaane key liye np key oopar rakhaa gayaa haye, aur yeh spasht karane key liye kii #haid iss tarah key aakriti vigyaan kaa mool haye. yeh sanrachana vistaarit prakshepan siddhant visheshtaon key madhyam seey samjhaute koo santusht karane key liye andolan parr nirbhar karati haye.
counters kaa pratisthaapan.
japani mein, lagbhag sabhi sangyaon koo sankhya vyakt karane key liye ack counter kaa upayog karna chaahiye kyonki japani mein ekvachan/bahuvachan aakriti vigyaan kaa abhaav haye. iss arth mein, lagbhag sabhi japani sangyaaen saamoohik sangyaaen hain. iss vyaakaranik visheshta key parinamswarup aisee paristhitiyaan hoe sakati hain jahan koee vyakti kissy vishesh vastu kii sankhya koo vaakya rachana key roop mein sahee tareeke seey vyakt karane mein asamarth haye kyonki koee vyakti upayukt ginati shabd koo naheen jaanata haye, yaa yaad naheen rakh sakata haye. ack seey duss taka kii matra key saath, iss samasya koo aksar paaramparik ankon kaa upayog karke darkinar kiya jaa sakata haye (neeche dekhein), joe binaa madad key kaee sangyaon kii matra nirdhaarit curr sakate hain. udaaharan key liye, "chaar seb" vaha jagah haye jahan counter haye, lekin paaramparik ank chaar kaa upayog karke bhee vyakt kiya jaa sakata haye. inn paaramparik ankon kaa upayog sabhi sangyaon koo ginane key liye naheen kiya jaa sakata haye, halanki; kuchh, logon aur jaanvaron key liye sangyaon sahit, ack uchit counter kii aavashyakta hoti haye (1 aur 2 logon koo chhodkar, joe lagbhag hamesha paaramparik ankon key roopon kaa upayog karate hain; apavaad dekhein).
kuchh adhik samanya counter cumm samanya counters key liye vikalp hoe sakate hain. udaaharan key liye, (neeche dekhein) aksar sabhi jaanvaron key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye, chaahe aakar kuchh bhee hoe. haalaanki, kaee vaktaa paaramparik roop seey sahee counter kaa upayog karna pasand karenge, jaba ghode jaise badey jaanvaron kii baat kii jaae. isase upayog aur sweekaryata kii alag-alag degree key saath sambhaavit counters kii ack shrinkhala milati haye-udaaharan key liye, jaba kushikatsu (taley hue tirchhe) kaa adesh diyaa jaataa haye, tou koee unhein (dou tirchhe), (dou chhaden), yaa (dou vastuen) key roop mein, sateekta key ghatate crum mein order curr sakata haye.
counters kaa jaanboojhkar haasya, murkhtapurna yaa apmaanjanak prabhaavon key liye durupyog kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, vakyansh ("ack aadami [ack janwar kii tarah]"), logon key liye vishisht counter key bajaay, jaanvaron key liye counter kaa upayog kartaa haye.
shreni dwara samanya counter.
yeh kuchh adhik upayog kiye jaane vaale ginati shabdon kii ack chayanaatmak soochi haye.
counters kii vistaarit soochi.
iss soochi mein kuchh counter aur upayog bhee shamil hain joe shayed hii kabhi upayog kiye jaate hain yaa vyaapak roop seey gyaat naheen hain; anya shabdon kaa upayog counter key roop mein bhee kiya jaa sakata haye.
sureele parivartan.
vyavasthit parivartan taba hotey hain jaba vishesh sankhyaaen counters seey pahale hoti hain joe kuchh dhwaniyon seey shuru hoti hain. udaaharan key liye, + →. vivaran neeche dee gaee talika mein soochibaddh hain.
yeh aitihaasik dhwani parivartanon kii roopaatmak-dhvanyaatmak ghatana kaa parinam hoe sakata haye, jaisa kii aavaaz dwara dikhaaya gayaa haih
glottle seey bilabial mein parivartan.
yeh bhee hoe sakata haye kii kuchh counter aisee visheshtaon koo leey jaate hain joe ekvachan, dohri aur bahuvachan sangyaon key liye jimmedaar hain, jahaan ekvachan [+ ekvachan, − samvardhit] visheshtaon koo wahan kartaa haye, dohri visheshtaon koo wahan kartaa haye [− ekvachan, − samvardhit] visheshtaon koo, aur bahuvachan [− ekvachan, + samvardhit] visheshtaon koo wahan kartaa haye.
inn parivartanon kaa kaafee lagaatar paalan kiya jaataa haye lekin vaktaaon key beach apavaad aur bhinnataaen maujood hain. jahan bhinnataaen aam hain, vahaan ack seey adhik vikalp soochibaddh hain.
 talika mein dikhaae gaye swarheen vyanjanon seey pahale ack yaa () key baad ack doguna vyanjan dwara pratisthaapit kiya jaataa haye. yeh purana roop haye, lekin haal kii peedhiyon key bhaashan mein ise badal diyaa gayaa haye.
apavaad.
paaramparik sankhya kaa upayog chhote bachchon dwara aur unake liye ayu counter (yaa) kaa upayog karane key bajaay unaki umr dene key liye kiya jaataa haye.
kuchh counter, vishesh roop seey aur, kuchh sankhyaon key liye paaramparik ankon kaa upayog karate hain jaisa kii neeche dee gaee talika mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. paaramparik sankhyaon key anya upayog aamtaur parr kuchh vakyanshon taka seemit hotey hain, jaise kii aur (kramshah ack aur dou maheene), (ack shabd) aur (ack baar).
kabhi-kabhi samanya sankhyaaen jinka vyutpann arth hotaa haye, unhein alag-alag kanji kaa upayog karke likhaa jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, (akele) likhaa jaataa haye, aur (ack baar phir, ack aur baar) samanya roop seey isake bajaay likhaa jaataa haye. maheenon key liye counter (kanji seey vyutpann) aamtaur parr likhaa jaataa haye.
 aur 7 key liye vikalp hain, aur 4 key liye vikalp hain, aur 9 key liye vikalp hain. una teen jode vikalpon mein, aur kramshah adhik samanya roop seey upayog kiye jaate hain. halanki, kuchh counter, vishesh roop seey (loga), (varsh kaa maheena), (maheene kaa dinn, dinn), (dinn kaa samay) aur (ghante) kewal kuchh vikalp lete hain. yeye neeche dee gaee talika mein dikhaae gaye hain.
jabaki (ghatanaaen) aur (0.01 yenn, abb shayed hii kabhi upayog kiya jaataa haye) oopar soochibaddh sureele parivartanon kaa paalan karate hain, homophone (ack imarat kii kahaaniyan/manjilen) aur (1000) neeche dikhaae gaye anusaar thode alag hain, haalaanki inn antaron kaa paalan sabhi vaktaaon dwara naheen kiya jaataa haye. iss prakaar ("teesari manjil") koo yaa tou padhaa jaa sakata haye yaa, jabaki ("teen baar") koo kewal padhaa jaa sakata haye.
kramik sankhyaaen.
samanya taur parr, oopar ullikhit pratishabd mukhya sankhyaaen hain, jisamen way matra koo ingit karate hain. ack pratishabd koo ack crum sankhya mein badalane key liye joe ack anukram mein sthiti koo darshaata haye, pratishabd key anta mein jodaa jaataa haye. iss prakaar "ack baar" kaa anuvaad kiya jaayega, jabaki "pahali baar" kaa anuvaad kiya jaayega.
haalaanki, yeh niyam asangat haye, kyonki pratyay key binaa counters kaa upayog aksar cardinal aur ordinal arthon key saath ack dusare key sthaan parr kiya jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, iska arth "teen manjil" aur "teesari manjil" donon hoe sakate hain."
samay kii avadhi.
samay kii avadhi koo vyakt karane key liye koee nimnalikhit shabdon koo jodd sakata haih,,, (aur isake aniyamit pathan koo ack taraf rakhate hue), aur. halanki, upayog shabd key aadhar parr bhinn hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye, iss mamle mein ise chhodana ack galati hogi, jabaki donon kaa aksar upayog kiya jaataa haye. isake alawa, anivarya roop seey anaavashyak honey key kaaran shayed hii kabhi sunaa jaataa haye, joe pahale seey hii lambai koo vyakt karane key liye kaam curr rhaa haye.
khargoshon key liye counter.
khargoshon key liye counter () haye, joe pakshiyon kii prajaatiyon key liye counter key samaan haye. aamtaur parr, () kaa upayog "chhote seey madhyam aakar key jaanvaron" key liye kiya jaataa haye, isaliye khargoshon key liye counter ack apavaad haye. khargoshon key liye () key bajaay () kaa upayog kyon kiya jaataa haye, isake baare mein kaee siddhant hain.
ack siddhant yeh haye kii edo-yug mein, chaar pair vaale jaanvaron koo khaana sarkaar dwara sakhti seey varjit thaa, aur logon koo khargosh kaa maans khaane kii anumati naheen thee. phir, logon ney khargoshon koo pakshiyon key roop mein vargeekrit karna shuru curr diyaa taaki way khargosh kaa maans khaa sakein, aur counter koo bhee () seey () mein badal diyaa gayaa. ack anya siddhant yeh haye kii khargosh key maans kaa swaad pakshi key maans key samaan haye, aur isake alawa, khargoshon koo pakshiyon kii tarah ack jaal kaa upayog karke pakada gayaa thaa isaliye () key bajaay () kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. takmitsu kaa kahana haye kii khargosh shabd kii utpatti, joe pakshiyon key pankh kaa varnan karati haih isaliye, counter, (), khargoshon key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye.

