
operation swaith-10

operation swath-10 () paschimi slavonia mein bilogora pahaad parr saao paschimi slavonia kshetriya raksha balon key khilaf croatian senaa ("hravatska vojaska", yaa hv) dwara kiya gayaa ack sainya hamla thaa. 31 octuber seey 4 navambar 1991 taka croatian swatantrata sangram key dauran, yeh abhiyaan ack croatian jeet thee aur isaki safalata ney navambar key anta aur disambar mein operation papuk-91 mein papuk pahaad parr croatian balon dwara anuvarti pragati key liye munch taiyar kiya. varsh key anta taka aich. vee. ney papuk parr niyantran praapt curr liya, jisase purvi slavonia aur baaki croatia key beach parivahan maarg surakshit hoe gaye.
aich. vee. dwara kabja kiye gaye kshetra kii adhikansh croatian serb aabaadi key visthaapan key saath hamale hue. sharanarthi shuru mein bosnia aur herzegovina bhaag gaye, lekin adhikansh jald hii purvi croatia key jey. aine. aeye.-niyantrit baranja kshetra mein buss gaye. iss hamale ney inn aaropon koo uksaayaa kii croatian sainikon ney jaatiya safai aur nagrik-adhikaaron kaa hanan kiya thaa. inn aaropon kaa virodh europeeya samudaay nigrani mission (ee. see. aim. aim.) dwara kiya gayaa thaa. operation key ack maheene baad, safed cheel key roop mein jaani jaane vaali peechhe hatane vaali ardhsainik ikai ney vosin narsamhar koo anjam diyaa, aur isake yuddh apraadhon parr poorv yugoslavia key liye antarrashtriya aaparaadhik nyayadhikaran mein mukadama chalaaya gayaa.
prishthabhoomi.
croatia mein 1991 key yugoslav abhiyaan key dauran, yugoslav peepuls armi ("jugoslovenska narodana armiza", yaa jey. aine. aeye.) key 5vein (banja luka) core koo okusani seey daruvar aur virovitica taka paschimi slavonia key madhyam seey uttar kii or badhane aur okusani seey kutina kii or ack maadhyamik drive key saath kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. yeh anivarya roop seey usa rekha key anuroop thaa joe lagbhag ack saptah mein purvi slavonia seey aage badhate hue, jey. aine. aeye. key mukhya jore seey pahunchane kii ummeed thee. iss link koo paschim mein zagreb aur varaazadeen taka aage badhane kii suvidha key liye design kiya gayaa thaa. core ney okuchani key paas 265veen machinikrit brigade key ack yuddh samooh koo tainaat kiya thaa, joe 21 sitambar koo shuru hui aur papuk pahaadon taka pahunchi. senaa koo aage badhane key dauran ack topkhana aur dou motor chaalit brigedon koo sudridhikaran key roop mein praapt huaa, lekin banja luka senaa mein anya jagahon parr bhee senaa dwara anubhav kii jaane vaali palayan aur manobal kii samasyaaen maujood theen.
jey. aine. aeye. koo croatian rashtriya rakshak (zabor narodne garde, yaa jaid. aine. jee.) dwara novska, nova gradisca aur pakrak key beach rokaa gayaa thaa, halanki saao paschimi slavonia kshetriya raksha balon (territorizalna odbrana, yaa too) ikaaiyon ney pakrak key uttar mein bilogora aur papuk parr binaa kissy jey. aine. aeye. samarthan key sthiti lii. 21 sitambar koo grubishno polje key poorv aur daruvar key uttar mein ivanovo cello parr kabja bilogora parr kabja kiye gaye kshetra key kshetriya shikhar koo chihnit kartaa haye. usee dinn gaanv parr zung ney phir seey kabja curr liya, jisamen saat loga maare gaye aur pandrah ghayal hoe gaye.
1 octuber koo, banja luka core ney teen dinn baad adhikansh core key saath ack badey prayaas seey pahale kshetra mein hamalon kii jaanch shuru kii. agrim ney novska aur nova gradisca key thheek baahar rakshaatmak sthiti sthaapit kii. 6 octuber koo pakrak koo kuchh samay key liye alag curr diyaa gayaa thaa jaba jey. aine. aeye. ney shahar kii aapoorti key liye upalabdh antim sadak koo avaruddh karate hue batinjani (shahar key uttar-paschim) parr kabja curr liya thaa. jhaang ney usee dinn gaanv parr phir seey kabja curr liya, 22 logon kii keemat parr jey. aine. aeye. koo vaapas bhagaa diyaa. 8 octuber koo jey. aine. aeye. ney jasinovak parr kabja curr liya; lipics aur pakraik key kuchh hisse parr chaar dinn baad kabja curr liya gayaa. taba taka, paschimi slavonia mein jey. aine. aeye. aakraman ney gati khou dee thee aur 13 aur 16 octuber koo novska key uttar aur nova gradisca key paschim mein jaid. jee. aine. jee. ney mamuli pragati kii thee. croatian adhikaariyon ney abb yuddh kii sthiti koo mahatvapurna naheen maanaa, 15 octuber key liye jawabi hamale kii yojana banaane kaa adesh jaari kiya. 29 octuber koo, jaid. aine. jee. ney jey. aine. aeye. aur novska aur nova gradisca key paas sthit sthaanon key khilaf operation toofaan-91 shuru kiya.
bilogora pahaadi kshetra mein senaa aadhikarik taur parr 28vein pakshapaatpurna vibhajan kaa hissa thee, jisaki kamaan curnell nikola maarik ney sambhali thee. vaastav mein, unamen lagbhag 1,750 sanic, aathh bakhtarband vaahan, duss topein aur baarah mortar shamil they. dha too force koo dou bataliyanon mein sangathit kiya gayaa thaa, jiska mukhyalaya maali gradevak aur velika peratovica key gaanvon mein thaa aur isaki kamaan raade sakmak dwara kii gaee thee. niyantrit kshetra key uttar mein, jaid. jee. ney 127veen paidal senaa brigade koo virovitica kshetra mein tainaat kiya. bilogora key dakshin mein grubishno polje kshetra mein, jaid. aine. jee. bull 57veen swatantra batalian (baad mein 77veen swatantra batalian kaa naam badalkar) key adheen thaa. curnell franzo kovasevik key netritva mein hamlawar zung bull mein 2,647 sanic shamil they jinhen baarah bakhtarband vaahanon, athaarah topon aur bees mortaron dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa-joe yugoslav vayu senaa dwara dha key karibi havaai samarthan koo chhodkar harr mamle mein bull dene key liye bachaav koo paar curr gayaa thaa. jaid. jee. aine. jee. ney mool roop seey 105veen paidal senaa brigade aur bijovar seey omega vishesh-pulis company koo tainaat karane kii yojana banaai thee, lekin ikaaiyon kii aavashyakta kaheen aur thee aur way aakramak key liye anupalabdh theen.
samayrekha.
operation swath-10 (jise bilogora '91 key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) kii yojana croatian logon dwara virovitica-lonkarika-grubishno polje sadak parr niyantran hassil karane key liye banaai gaee thee, jisase sadak key kshetra mein tainaat balon koo kaat diyaa gayaa aur nasht curr diyaa gayaa (paschimi slavonia kaa sabse uttari hissa joe kii too yaa jey. aine. aeye. dwara kabja curr liya gayaa thaa). una uddeshyon koo banja luka core key samarthan seey incar karane key liye bhee design kiya gayaa thaa yadi yeh virovitica kii or jaane kaa prayaas kartaa haye; zagreb aur slavonia key beach antim shesh aapoorti maarg koo niyantrit kartaa haye; croatian rakshaatmak sthiti koo chhota kartaa haye, aur sainikon aur nagrik manobal mein sudhaar kartaa haye. aakraman mool roop seey 15 octuber key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 105veen paidal senaa brigade aur vishesh pulis kii anupalabdhata key kaaran ise dou saptah key liye sthagit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. abhiyaan kii yojana mein zung koo pahale 48 ghanton key bheetar bilogora pahaad parr bataliyanon seey donon koo kaatane kaa ahwan kiya gayaa, jisamen aakraman key dusare charan mein fanse hue logon koo balpurvak nasht curr diyaa gayaa. operation koo 7 octuber koo belover parichaalan kshetra key commander curnell miroslav jezersic dwara adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa.
31 octuber koo subah 6 baje hamla shuru kiya gayaa, jisamen 50 minut kii topkhaane kii bambari key baad teen samoohon mein ack jaid. jee. aine. jee. agrim kaarravaai kii gaeeh dakshin seey 57veen swatantra batalian, uttar seey 127veen paidal senaa brigade aur uttar-paschim seey 127veen paidal senaa brigade kii pahali batalian. usa dinn zung ney grubishno polje-veliki gradevak sadak key uttar-paschim mein velika berna, gornja kovasika aur zrinska key gaanvon parr kabja curr liya, jisase grubishno polje surakshit hoe gayaa. zung bhee virovitica-grubishno polje sadak key saath aage badhaa, maalaa peratovica (grubishno polje key poorv mein) key baahari ilaake mein pahuncha aur lonkarika (virovitica key dakshin mein) key paas pahuncha. senaa ney ack majboot pratirodh kiya (vishesh roop seey lonkarika key paas), halanki yuddh key maidan kii sthiti koo nirashajanak bataaya gayaa thaa. yugoslav vayu senaa seey karibi havaai sahaayata kaa anurodh karane key liye, aur jawab mein chaar seey chhah vimaanon koo tainaat kiya gayaa thaa.
1 navambar koo jaid. aine. jee. ney grubishno polje key uttar-paschim key kshetron mein safai abhiyaan chalaaya, aur agale dinn bull papuk parvat kii or peechhe hatna shuru hoe gayaa. lonkarika aur dapchewaki brani (maalaa peratovica key uttar-poorv mein ack gaanv, virovitica-grubishno polje sadak key saath) parr croatian bull dwara 3 navambar koo pratirodh parr majboot vijay praapt karane key baad kabja curr liya gayaa thaa. usa dinn, jaid. jee. kaa naam badalkar croatian senaa ("hravatska vojaska", yaa aich. vee.) curr diyaa gayaa thaa. gaanvon parr kabja karane key baad, grubishno polje aur virovitica seey aage badhane vaali hv senaaon kaa millen huaa; hv ney velika peratovica gaanv parr kabja curr liya, joe aakraman key pahale dinn virovitica-grubishno polje sadak aur grubishno polje key uttar-paschim mein pragati seey alag hoe gayaa thaa. aich. vee. dwara kshetra koo surakshit karane key baad 4 navambar koo abhiyaan samaapt ghoshit curr diyaa gayaa.
anuvarti sanchaalan.
bustazsky bradani kii ladaai.
10 navambar koo 57veen swatantra batalian ney veliki miltinac (operation swaith-10 mein kabja kiye gaye kshetra key poorv mein) key khilaf aage badhkar usee dinn gaanv parr kabja curr liya. agale dinn padosi maali milotinac parr aich. vee. ney kabja curr liya, aur 12 navambar koo aich. vee. ney bastajsky bradani aur reki key gaanvon parr kabja curr liya. dou dinn baad jawabi hamla kiya gayaa, jisamen nau hv sanic maare gaye aur lagbhag duss anya ghayal hoe gaye, lekin hv defence ney pakad banaa lii. 50 ardhsainik safed cheelon key saath majboot kiye gaye bastajsky bradani koo phir seey hassil karane kaa ack aur prayaas kiya gayaa thaa. yeh whiffle hoe gayaa (achchi tarah seey taiyar aur topkhaane dwara samarthit honey key bavjood) kyonki bachaav aich. vee. bull koo hamale key sanketon kii khufiya jaankaari dwara satark kiya gayaa thaa aur usey majboot kiya gayaa thaa. yuddh mein safed cheelon ney 46 maare gaye.
operation papuk-91.
operation papuk-91 koo operation swaith-10 kaa paalan karane key liye yojana banaai gaee thee, joe virovitica-osizek sadak seey dakshin kii or badh rhaa thaa aur papuk aur sunj pahaadon koo senaaon (28vein pakshapaatpurna vibhajan key tatva) key liye saaf curr rhaa thaa. aakraman koo 23 navambar koo slatina mein ack baithak mein jezersic dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen hv mahaanireekshak martin schfegelz, curnell miljenko crunjack (123 veen paidal senaa brigade key commanding adhikaari), curnell duro desak (127 veen paidal senaa brigade key commanding adhikaari), curnell josip surney (136 veen paidal senaa brigade key commanding adhikaari) aur anya ikaaiyon key commanders koo isake samarthan key saath kaam saunpa gayaa thaa.
operation 28 navambar koo shuru kiya gayaa thaa; aich. vee. lagbhag poorv mein grubishno polje aur orahovica mein faile ack morche key paar aage badhaa. 2 disambar koo papuk parr ack adde parr tainaat sainikon koo raahat dene key liye 123veen paidal senaa brigade kii ack tukadi parr ghaat lagaakar hamla kiya gayaa aur gyaarah sanic maare gaye. 10 disambar koo aich. vee. ney ack aakramak, kootnam gradina mein nova gradisca key uttar mein sunj parvat kshetra kii or pragati kii, jisane shnegavich, synalige, golobardak, wuzack Çečavski, rusevac, geminovac, écéavac aur opersynac key gaanvon parr kabja curr liya. agrim ney nova gradisca-pojega sadak kii suraksha mein sudhaar kiya aur operation toofaan-91 key nova gradisca aksh key daahine hisse koo surakshit kiya.
12 seey 15 disambar taka aich. vee. ney operation swaith-10 mein kabja kiye gaye kshetra key dakshin-poorv mein dulovak key aspas key gaanvon key ack samooh parr kabja curr liya. poorv seey aaney vaali aich. vee. ikaaiyon ney 14-15 disambar koo dulovak key lagbhag dakshin-poorv mein vosin parr kabja curr liya. wassin aur dulovak koo peechhe hatane aur ardhsainik safed cheelon seey buri tarah seey kshatigrast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur baad vaale ney 13 disambar koo wassin mein 43 nagrikon koo maar daala. peediton key shavon koo vikrit curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur sambhavatah dusaron key liye ack chetavani key roop mein binaa dafanaae chhod diyaa gayaa thaa.
16 disambar koo hv (sokolina key kootnam mein ack abhiyaan mein) ney vochin key dakshin mein aur velika key paschim mein gornji vrovasi, kamensky vujak aur kamensky suzzari key gaanvon parr kabja curr liya; yeh senaa koo papuk pahaad aur sunj pahaad kii dakshin-paschimi dhalanon taka seemit curr diyaa. agale dinn, aich. vee. ney novo zvesevo aur aeye. parr kabja curr liya, joe johannesburg naamak ack hamale mein gaanv mein aapoorti dipo (vosin aur kamensky vujak key beach aadhe raaste mein) parr kabja curr liya. 18 disambar koo aich. vee. kamensky vujak (ack agrim kootnam lanishta mein) seey dakshin-paschim kii or badhaa, streezevika, bogdassic, amatovasi aur kamensky siovasi key gaanvon parr kabja curr liya aur kamenska gaanv (pakrak-pojega sadak parr) key bheetar aaya. agale teen dinon mein, aich. vee. ney kshetra mein safai kaa kaam kiya.
21 disambar koo, aich. vee. ney kamenska aur nikatvarti gaanv mizachi parr ack asafal hamla (kootnam prakos) shuru kiya. agale dinn kamenska aur mizachi seey peechhe hatate hue kamenska key uttar kshetra (24 disambar koo sajije key gaanv sahit) seey vaapas leey liya. pakrak kshetra (papuk aur sunj key paschim mein) mein tainaat aich. vee. balon ney operation papak-91 (24-25 disambar koo dereza, gornji grahovlajani, donzi grahovlajani, kusonje aur shpanovika key gaanvon parr kabja karane) kaa samarthan karane key liye poorv kii or badhana shuru kiya aur paschim aur poorv seey aage badhane vaali aich. vee. ikaaiyon koo alag karane vaali pakrak-pojega sadak seey cumm bachaa. operation papuk-91 26 disambar koo samaapt huaa, jaba 123veen, 127veen aur 136veen brigade kii senaayen buje mein mileen; antim dinn kii agrim koo kodnem kiya gayaa thaa.
isake baad.
abhiyaan mein paanch aich. vee. sanic maare gaye aur darjanon ghayal hoe gaye. chaubis jey. aine. aeye. karmi aur croatian serb vidrohi bhee maare gaye, saath hii 22 serb nagrik bhee maare gaye. abhiyaan seey pahale key hafton mein 17 aur serb nagrik maare gaye they, jisamen croatian balon ney paschimi slavonia (21 gaanvon sahit) koo surakshit curr liya thaa. halanki aich. vee. ney virovitica-grubishno polje sadak koo surakshit kiya, lekin yeh kshetra mein tainaat sainikon koo fansaane mein whiffle rhaa. baad mein iska kaaran aparyaapt maanav shakti koo bataaya gayaah 105veen paidal senaa brigade yaa 73veen swatantra (garesnica) batalian kii anupalabdhata, jise pakrak mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. aich. vee. kii sthiti ney operation papuk-91 mein saao paschimi slavonia key khilaf aage badhane key liye munch taiyar kiya. kuchh srot operation swaith-10 aur papuk-91 koo jodate hain, baad vaale koo operation swaith-10 key hisse key roop mein varnit karate hain. operation papuk-91 ney purvi slavonia aur zagreb koo jodane vaali sadak key liye khatare koo samaapt curr diyaa; senaa koo dakshin kii or dhakel diyaa gayaa, jisase sadak koo topkhaane kii seema seey baahar curr diyaa gayaa. operation papuk-91 mein, aich. vee. ney 110 bastiyon aur kshetron parr kabja curr liya.
2008 mein, grubishno polje mein aakraman mein bhaag lene vaale aich. vee. sainikon key liye ack smaarak kaa anaavaran kiya gayaa thaa. papuk parvat parr 123veen paidal senaa brigade key 11 sainikon key liye ack aur smaarak banaaya gayaa thaa, jinn parr 2 disambar 1991 koo operation papuk-91 mein ghaat lagaakar hamla kiya gayaa thaa. operation swaith-10, papuk-91 aur toofaan-91 (1991 key anta mein paschimi slavonia mein lagu) koo croatia key swatantrata sangram mein pahala aakramak mukti abhiyaan maanaa jaataa haye.
poorv yugoslavia (aaee. see. tii.) key liye antarrashtriya aaparaadhik nyayadhikaran ney vojislav cessels parr 13 disambar koo wassin mein ardhsainik safed cheel dwara hatyaon sahit kaee yuddh apraadhon kaa aarop lagaaya. haalaanki mukadama 2012 mein samaapt hoe gayaa thaa, lekin faisala lambit thaa. hatyaon key samay serbia key rashtrapati sloboden milosevic parr bhee vosin mein apraadhon key liye aaee. see. tii. dwara mukadama chalaaya gayaa thaa, lekin unakaa mukadama samaapt honey seey pahale hii unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
sharanarthiyon.
operation swaith-10 seey prabhaavit kshetra seey lagbhag 4,000 croatian serb nagrik bhaag gaye. serbian sroton key anusaar, hamale key pahale dinn aabaadi khaali honey luggy; dusare dinn taka, lagbhag 800 vaahan bosnia aur herzegovina mein pravesh curr chuke they. peechhe hatane vaale stambhon mein sainya ayu key purush shamil they jinhone ladane seey incar curr diyaa thaa. badee sankhya mein sharanarthi visthaapit kroton key swaamitva vaale gharon mein baranja mein buss gaye. nagrikon key bhaagne kii reports key aadhar parr, yugoslav sarkaar ney croatia parr jaatiya safai aur anya nagrik-adhikaaron key ullanghan kaa aarop lagaaya. upa pradhaan mantri alexander mitrovic ney europeeya samudaay monitor mission (ee. see. aim. aim.) koo patra likhaa, jisamen croatia parr vyaktigat aur sampatti key nuksan aur serb nagrikon key visthaapan kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa. haalaanki 25 octuber koo saao paschimi slavonia adhikaariyon dwara banaai gaee nikasi yojanaon aur kshetra mein shesh nagrikon kii gawahi (kii aabaadi koo bhaagne kaa adesh dene key liye, yeh daavaa karate hue kii "ustash aaa rahey hain [...] aur harr serb koo maarnaa), serbian media ney vyaapak roop seey kathit atyacharon kii soochana dee. reports ney croatia key aakraman kii tulanaa croatia key swatantra raajya dwara kiye gaye dwiteeya vishva yuddh key narsamhar seey kii. 3 navambar koo, yugoslavia kii adhyakshata ney 18 serb gaanvon key vinash kaa hawala dete hue hamale kii ninda kii, aur agale dinn serbia kii rashtriya sabhaa ney antarrashtriya samudaay seey madad kii appeal kii.
sthiti key jawab mein (aur yugoslavia kii adhyakshata key anurodh parr) ack ee. see. aim. aim. team ney 6 navambar koo aakraman seey prabhaavit kshetra kaa daura kiya, una sthaanon koo lakshit kiya jahaan media reports ney atyacharon kaa sanket diyaa thaa; inmein velika peratovica, maalaa peratovica, gornja resenica, donza resenica aur lonkarika shamil they. 6 navambar kii ee. see. aim. aim. report ney aaropon kaa khandan kiya; halanki team ney kshetra mein kewal ack serb jode koo bachaa paaya, unhone inn daavon kaa khandan kiya kii aich. vee. ney nagrikon key saath durvyavahar kiya. ee. see. aim. aim. dall ney gharon key koee vyavasthit vinash kii soochana naheen dee, halanki kaee sanrachanaon mein topkhaane-bambari seey nuksan huaa thaa aur haal hii mein kuchh gharon, kheton aur ghaas key dheron koo jalaa diyaa gayaa thaa. team yeh nirdhaarit karane mein asamarth thee kii kyaa aich. vee. koo doshi thaharaaya jaanaa thaa, kyaa graminon ney saao paschimi krajina netaaon seey badala liya thaa yaa kyaa vinash peechhe hatane vaale bull dwara ack jhulasi hui prithvi neeti kaa parinam thaa.
1991 key anta mein paschimi slavonia mein kiye gaye aich. vee. hamalon (operation toofaan-10, sweath-10 aur papuk-91) ney kull 20,000 serb sharanarthiyon koo banaaya. jaba jey. aine. aeye. ney croatian serb balon koo peechhe hatane kaa adesh diyaa tou way kshetra seey bhaag gaye aur purvi croatia key jey. aine. aeye. key kabje vaale baranja kshetra mein buss gaye. sharanarthi punarvaas 1991 key anta mein jabt kiye gaye denube kshetra kii jaatiya sanrachana koo badalane key croatian serb prayason key saath mell khaata haye, joe gair-serb nagrikon key nishkasana key liye ack gauna uddeshya pradaan kartaa haye.
yuddhaviram.
3 janwari 1992 key sangharsh viram ney vence yojana key karyanvayan kii anumati dee, jisane gair-sanrakshit kshetron (anpas) key roop mein naamit kshetron mein nagrikon kii raksha kii aur croatia mein shaanti sainikon koo tainaat kiya. yojana dwara paribhaashit anpas mein seey ack, anapa paschimi slavonia, novska aur nova gradisca kii nagar paalikaon key kuchh hisson aur sabhi daruvar, grubishno polje aur pakrak koo shamil kartaa haye. iss anapa mein 3 janwari koo jey. aine. aeye. dwara kabja kiye gaye kshetra, uttar mein atirikt kshetra (1991 key anta mein aich. vee. dwara phir seey kabja curr liya gayaa) aur kabhi bhee saao paschimi slavonia niyantran key tahat naheen aae shahar (jaise grubishno polje aur daruvar) shamil they. shaanti senaa (sanyukt rashtra suraksha bull, yaa apramaanik), jisake shuru mein 10,000-majboot honey kii ummeed thee, ney 8 march koo apani tainaati shuru kii.

