
listeriosis

listeriosis ack jeevaanu sankraman haye joe aamtaur parr "listeria monocytogens" key kaaran hotaa haye, halanki "ell. ivanovi "aur" ell. kuchh mamalon mein gry kii soochana dee gaee haye. listeriosis gambhir bimari kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, jisamen gambhir sepsis, meningitis yaa encephalitis shamil hain, jisake parinamswarup kabhi-kabhi aajivan nuksan hotaa haye aur yahaan taka kii mrityu bhee hoe jaati haye. gambhir bimari key khatare mein bujurg, bhroon, navjat shishu aur way loga hain joe pratirakshaatmak kshamata seey vanchit hain. garbhavati mahilaaon mein yeh mrit janm yaa sahaj garbhpaat kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, aur samay seey pahale janm lena aam haye. listeriosis kissy mein bhee halke, aatm-seemit gastroenteritis aur bukhaar kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye.
"listeria" sarvavyaapi haye aur mukhya roop seey dooshit khaadya utpaadon key sevan key baad maukhik maarg seey failata haye, jisake baad bacteria pranaaleegat sankraman kaa kaaran banane key liye aanton mein pravesh karate hain. listeriosis key nidan key liye rakt aur/yaa pramastishkameru drav seey kaarak bacteria key algaav kii aavashyakta hoti haye. upchaar mein antibiotic davaaon kaa lambe samay taka sevan shamil haye, mukhya roop seey empicillin aur gentamicin, jisake liye jeev aamtaur parr atisamvedansheel hotaa haye.
sanket aur lakshan.
yeh bimari mukhya roop seey badey vayaskon, kamjor pratiraksha pranali vaale vyaktiyon, garbhavati mahilaaon aur navjat shishuon koo prabhaavit karati haye. shayed hii kabhi, inn jokhim karakon key binaa loga bhee prabhaavit hoe sakate hain. listeriosis vaale vyakti koo aamtaur parr bukhaar aur maanspeshiyon mein dard hotaa haye, aksar dast yaa anya jathrantra sambandhi lakshnon seey pahale. listeriosis kaa nidan karane vaale lagbhag harr vyakti mein aakramak sankraman hotaa haye (jiska arth haye kii bacteria unaki aanton seey unake raktapravaah yaa anya shareer sthalon mein failate hain). dooshit bhojan khaane key dou maheene baad taka bimari hoe sakati haye.
sankramit vyakti key saath lakshan bhinn hotey hainh
yadi kissy janwar ney listeria seey dooshit bhojan khaaya haye aur usake koee lakshan naheen hain, tou adhikansh visheshagyon kaa maanana haye kii listeriosis key uchch jokhim vaale logon key liye bhee kissy pareekshan yaa upchaar kii aavashyakta naheen haye.
kaaran.
"listeria monocytogens" paryaavaran mein sarvavyaapi haye. listeria" key adhigrahan kaa mukhya maarg dooshit khaadya utpaadon key antargrahan key madhyam seey haye. "listeria" koo kachche maans, dayeri utpaadon, sabjiyon, falon aur samudri bhojan seey alag kiya gayaa haye. naram cheez, upsturised doodh aur upsturised pett sambhaavit khatare hain; haalaanki, post-pasteurized doodh seey judey kuchh prakopon kii soochana dee gaee haye.
shayed hii kabhi listeriosis twachiya listeriosis key roop mein upasthit hoe sakata haye. yeh sankraman "ell" key seedhe sampark mein aaney key baad hotaa haye. monocytogens "akshunna twacha dwara aur kaafee hudd taka pashu chikitsakon taka seemit haye joe rogagrast jaanvaron koo sambhal rahey hain, aksar listerial garbhpaat key baad.
yeh haemochromatosis key rogiyon mein adhik aam hoe sakata haye.
"ell. maanaa jaataa haye kii monocytogens maanav shareer key bheetar gastroentestinal tract taka pahunchane key baad mezban koshikaon mein pravesh karate hain. rogjanak ack mezban koshika kii satah parr eukariotic receptors koo pahachaantaa haye aur phagocytosis key madhyam seey koshika mein pravesh kartaa haye. rogjanak taba phagocytic vacule yaa phagosome mein rahata haye, jaba taka kii yeh phagosome jhilli koo baadhit karke koshika dravya mein pravesh naheen kartaa haye. koshika dravya key bheetar, bacteria phir pratikriti banaata haye jise ack actin pranodan pranali kahaa jaataa haye, yaa padosi mezban koshikaon mein pravesh karane key liye mezban koshika actin bahulak. yeh pranali bacteria koo koshika kii satah kaa paalan karane key liye mezban koshika seey actin kaa upayog karane, koshika kii satah key madhyam seey ack chhadm podd banaane aur padosi koshikaon mein pravesh karane kii anumati detee haye. iss bhedankari chhadm koshikiya koshikiya key madhyam seey padosi koshika mein leey jaaya jaataa haye, isake chaaron or ack kshanik dou-jhilli vaale phagosome kaa nirmaan hotaa haye, phir bacteria phagosome seey butch nikalate hain aur phir seey chakr shuru karate hain. yeh iss star parr haye kii rogi koo bukhaar gastroenteritis kaa anubhav hoe sakata haye. jaise-jaise bimari badhati jaati haye, bacteria taba hotaa haye jaba "ell" hotaa haye. monocytogens "joe gastroentestinal tract key bheetar mezban koshikaon mein pravesh karate hain, rakt pravaah mein pravesh karate hain aur shareer key anya pramukh angon mein sthanantarit hoe jaate hain. swasth vyaktiyon mein, "ell. monocytogens "rakt pravaah mein jeevaanu macrophage dwara liya jaataa haye aur shareer seey samaapt hoe jaataa haye, halanki pratirakshaatmak roop seey kamjor vyaktiyon mein rogjanak shareer key madhyam seey pravesh kartaa haye, jisase kaee sthitiyaan paida hoti hain jisase listeriosis sankraman kii ghaatak prakriti hoti haye. yakrit mein yeh sthiti upa-naidaanik piogranulomatous hepatitis kaa kaaran banati haye, kendriya tantrika tantra mein yeh meningoencephalitis kaa kaaran banati haye, garbhavastha key vyaktiyon mein yeh placentitis kaa kaaran banati haye, aur jeevaanu kii sthiti septicaemia mein badh jaati haye.
"ell. monocytogens "koo failam actinobacteria mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye aur yeh anya graam-positive, cumm jee. see. samagri aur focultative anarobic bacteria key saath basilles crum kaa haye. genus listeria key alawa, genus basilus aur staphylococcus bhee iss crum mein maujood hain, joe darshaata haye kii inn vanshon key bheetar prajaatiyan nikatata seey sambandhit hain. inn vanshon mein anya gambhir roga paida karane vaale jeevaanu jaise "basilus anthrasis" (anthrax) aur "staphylococcus aureus" (aim. aar. aiss. aeye.) hotey hain.  
nidan.
see. aine. aiss. sankraman key mamalon mein, "ell. monocytogens koo aksar rakt seey yaa see. aiss. aff. (pramastishkameru drav) seey samvardhit kiya jaa sakata haye.
roktham.
roktham kaa mukhya saadhan surakshit sanchaalan, khaana pakaane aur bhojan key sevan koo badhaava denaa haye. isamen kachchi sabjiyan dhona aur kachche bhojan koo achchi tarah seey pakana, saath hii germ kutton jaise bache hue yaa khaane key liye taiyar khaadya padarthon koo germ karane taka phir seey germ karna shamil haye.
roktham kaa ack anya pahalu garbhavati mahilaaon aur pratirakshaatmak rogiyon jaise uchch jokhim vaale samoohon koo gair-pasteurized pett aur feeta, bree, camembert cheez aur blue jaise naram cheezon seey bachane kii salah denaa haye. cream cheez, dahee aur kuteer cheez koo surakshit maanaa jaataa haye. united kingdam mein, prasooti kleenikon mein tainaat mukhya chikitsa adhikaari kii salah key kaaran 1980 key dashak key anta mein garbhavastha mein listeriosis key mamalon mein tej girawat aaee.
rogjanak "ell" kaa kaaran banane vaale listeriosis kii upasthiti koo niyantrit karane kii ack aur vidhi. monocytogens "yogaatmak utpaad soochi pee100 bacteriophase key saath khaadya padarthon kaa chhidkaav karke hotaa haye. pee100 ack jeevaanu haye joe vishisht rogjanak koo sankramit kartaa haye aur koshikaon koo maartaa haye jise lytic chakr kahaa jaataa haye, jisase bhojan seey usa rogjanak koo samaapt curr diyaa jaataa haye. kaee khaadya utpaadan companiyan packaging seey pahale apane utpaadon koo iss bacteriophase key saath chhidakati hain kyonki yeh "ell" key upbhedon koo maar detaa haye. monocytogens "bhojan key swaad, rung yaa gunavatta mein badalaav kiye binaa. adhyayanon seey pataa chalaa haye kii listex pee100 "ell" koo samaapt karane mein safal haye. monocytogens "kachche salmon fillet ootak, catfish fillet, phal, satah parr pakaa huaa soft cheez, hott dogs, pakaa huaa aur kataa huaa turkey stun maans, smoked salmon, mishrit samudri bhojan, chocolet doodh, moserella cheez brine, eisberg latice, pattagobhi aur sossage seey. isake alawa, listeria isolates parr vartamaan adhyayanon seey pee100 phase key liye koee aanuvanshik pratirodh kii soochana naheen millie haye. 
upchaar.
jeevaanu kaa ilaaj 2 saptah key liye, meningitis kaa ilaaj 3 saptah key liye aur mastishk key phode kaa ilaaj cumm seey cumm 6 saptah key liye kiya jaanaa chaahiye. empicillin koo aam taur parr pasand kaa antibiotic maanaa jaataa haye; gentamicin koo isake sahakriyaatmak prabhaavon key liye aksar jodaa jaataa haye. samagr mrityu darr 20-30% haye; garbhavastha seey sambandhit sabhi mamalon mein, 22 pratishat key parinamswarup bhroon kii haani yaa navjat mrityu hoti haye, lekin maataaen aamtaur parr jeevit rahati hain.
mahamari vigyaan.
sanyukt raajya america mein prati duss laakh jansankhya parr 2004-2005 mamle they, jahaan garbhavati mahilaaon kaa yogdan sabhi mamalon kaa 30 pratishat thaa.
 sabhi gair-prasav sankramanon mein seey 70 pratishat pratirakshaatmak rogiyon mein hotey hain. yuu mein ghatana.aiss. 1990 key dashak seey girawat aaa rahee haye, europe key vipareet jahaan khaane kii aadton mein parivartan key kaaran usee samay key dauran vriddhi hui haye. europeeya sangh mein, yeh prati million aabaadi parr lagbhag 5 mamalon parr sthir hoe gayaa haye, halanki pratyek desh mein ee. aff. aiss. aeye./ee. see. dee. see. mein yogdan karane kii darr bahut bhinn hoti haye.
chaar alag-alag naidaanik lakshan hainh
"listeria" kuchh rogiyon key dilon koo upaniveshit karane key liye bhee bataaya gayaa haye. listeria" key kaaran honey vaale hriday sankraman kii samagr ghatana apekshaakrit cumm haye, jisamen 7-10% mamle kii report hriday kii bhagidari key kuchh roop kaa sanket detee haye. kuchh pramaan hain kii naidaanik prithak kii chhoti upa-aabaadi sankraman key dauran hriday koo upaniveshit karane mein adhik saksham hoti haye, lekin hriday kii abhivyaktiyaan aamtaur parr chhitput hoti hain aur bacteria karakon aur mezban poorv-sthiti key sanyojan parr nirbhar hoe sakati hain, jaisa kii way cardiotropic bacteria key anya upbhedon key saath karate hain.
haal hii mein prakop.
roga niyantran aur roktham kendron (see. dee. see.) key anusaar sanyukt raajya america mein salana listeriosis key lagbhag 1,600 mamle hain. 1996-1998 kii tulanaa mein, 2003 taka listeriosis kii ghatnaaon mein lagbhag 38 pratishat kii girawat aaee thee. haalaanki, beemaariyaan aur mautein jaari hain. ausatan 1998 seey 2008 taka, prati varsh 2.4 prakop cdc koo soochit kiye gaye they. kuchh ullekhaniya neeche soochibaddh hain.
2002 sanyukt raajya america kaa prakop.
2002 mein ack badaa prakop huaa, jaba 9 raajyon mein 54 beemaariyaan, 8 mautein aur 3 bhroon kii mautein dooshit turkey delly maans key sevan seey judee hui paaee gaeen.
2008 kanadai listeriosis kaa prakop.
torrento, ontario mein ack maple leaf foods plant seey judey kanada mein listeriosis key prakop mein 22 logon kii maut hoe gaee.
2011 sanyukt raajya listeriosis kaa prakop.
14 sitambar, 2011 koo yuu.aiss. khaadya aur dawa prashaasan ney upbhoktaon koo grenada, colorado seey genson farmon dwara bheje gaye cantloops koo naa khaane kii chetavani dee, kyonki listeriosis key bahu-raajya prakop key liye ack sambhaavit link haye. usa samay genson farmon ney swechha seey 29 julaai seey 10 sitambar taka bheje gaye cantloop koo vaapas bulaa liya aur cumm seey cumm 17 raajyon mein sambhaavit aage key vitaran key saath vitarit kiya.
26 sitambar koo, roga niyantran aur roktham kendron ney bataaya kii kull 72 vyakti "listeria monocytogens" key chaar prakop-sambandhit upbhedon seey sankramit hue they, joe 18 raajyon seey cdc koo soochit kiye gaye they. sabhi beemaariyaan 31 julaai, 2011 koo yaa usake baad shuru huin.
30 sitambar, 2011 koo, yuu dwara liya gayaa romen salad kaa ack yaadrichhik namuna.aiss. khaadya aur dawa prashaasan ney 12 aur 13 sitambar koo ack oregan vitarak dwara cumm seey cumm dou anya raajyon-washington aur idaho mein bheje gaye salad parr listeria key liye sakaratmak pareekshan kiya.
18 octuber taka, see. dee. see. ney bataaya kii 12 raajya cantloop mein listeria seey judey hue they aur 123 loga beemar hoe gaye they. 8 disambar koo antim ginati mein marane vaalon kii sankhya 30 rakhee gaeeh colorado (8), indiana (1), kansas (3), louisiana (2), maryland (1), misauri (3), nebrasca (1), nyu maxico (5), newyork (2), oclahoma (1), texas (2), aur vyoming (1). marane vaale vyaktiyon mein, ayu 48 seey 96 varsh taka thee, jisaki ausat ayu 82.5 varsh thee. isake alawa, bimari key samay ack garbhavati mahila kaa garbhpaat huaa thaa.
2015 sanyukt raajya america listeriosis kaa prakop.
13 march, 2015 koo, see. dee. see. ney ghoshana kii kii raajya aur sthaaniya swaasthya adhikaari, see. dee. see., aur khaadya aur dawa prashaasan kansas mein listeriosis key prakop kii jaanch karane key liye sahyog curr rahey they. sanyukt jaanch mein paaya gayaa kii kuchh neele bell cream icecream utpaad, jinamen baar, scoops aur cookies shamil hain, inmein seey kuchh yaa sabhi beemariyon key sambhaavit srot they. aage kii jaanch parr cdc ney kahaa kii blue bell icecream mein march 2013 taka apane oclahoma vinirmaan sanyantra mein "listeria" bacteria key saboot they. prakop key kaaran kansas mein 3 mautein huin.
blue bell desh kaa teesara sabse lokpriya icecream brand thaa. yeye vastuein toote hue teer, oclahoma mein company kii utpaadan suvidha seey aaee theen. see. dee. see. ney kahaa kii sabhi paanch beemar vyakti, jinamen teen badey loga bhee shamil they, joe marr gaye they, listeriosis vikasit karane seey pahale usee kansas aspatal mein upchaar praapt curr rahey they, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii "listeria" bacteria key saath unake sankraman nosocomial they (praapt, utpaadon koo khaate samay, aspatal mein). unaki pahale seey maujood kamjor sthitiyaan inn mamalon mein uchch mrityu darr (60 pratishat, banaam adhik samanya 20-30%) koo samajhaane mein madad curr sakati hain.
20 aprail, 2015 koo, blue bell ney apane sabhi utpaadon koo swaichhik roop seey vaapas bulaane key liye jaari kiya, aage key aantarik pareekshan kaa hawala dete hue jisamen brainham suvidha seey atirikt aadhe gallen icecream mein "listeria monocytogens" paaya gayaa.
2015-18 europeeya listeriosis kaa prakop.
5 julaai 2018 koo "manchester shaam kii khabar" ney bataaya kii cumm seey cumm chaar pramukh supermarket khudra vikretaon ney ack badey aapurtikarta key parinamswarup pramukh utpaad vaapas jaari kiye they, joe hangri seey praapt jamey hue sabjiyon key sambhaavit sandushan kii pushti kartaa thaa. aapurtikarta, greenyard frozen yuke ney yuke kii khaadya maanak agency koo soochit kiya kii jiss karkhane mein bhojan koo sansaadhit kiya gayaa thaa, usey hangerian khaadya shrinkhala suraksha karyalaya dwara bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisake baad europeeya khaadya suraksha pradhikaran aur roga roktham aur niyantran key liye europeeya kendra ney adyatan jaari kiya jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii cumm seey cumm paanch europeeya sangh key sadasya raajya (yuke, austriya, denmark, finland aur sweeden) prabhaavit hue they. juuna 2015 aur julaai 2018 key beach, kull 47 pusht mamalon mein seey 9 logon kii listeriosis key parinamswarup kathit taur parr mrityu hoe gaee thee.
ee. aff. aiss. aeye. website parr ack adyatan mein, yeh kahaa gayaa thaa kii sandushan cumm seey cumm 2015 seey maujood thaa, aur isake parinamswarup hangerian khaadya shrinkhala suraksha karyalaya ney agast 2016 aur juuna 2018 key beach baajaa mein sanyantra dwara utpaadit sabhi prabhaavit jamey hue sabjiyon aur jamey hue sabjiyon key paik key vipanan koo pratibandhit curr diyaa thaa. monocytogens "isolates" vibhinn jamey hue sabjiyon key 2017 key namoone mein paae gaye they, jisamen ack alpasankhyak 2016 key namoone mein paaya gayaa thaa aur ack chhoti sankhya 2018 key namoone mein paaee gaee thee. adhyayan ney sujhaav diyaa kii strain kii pehchaan kii gaee ("ell. monocytogens "serogroup ivb, multy-locus anukram prakaar 6 (st6)) sambhavatah maanak safai sanchaalan aur kitanushodhan prakriyaon key madhyam seey banaa huaa thaa, aur choonki samanya utpaadan laainen sanchaalan mein theen, isaliye cross-sandushan ack atirikt chinta thee.
2017-18 dakshin african listeriosis kaa prakop.
disambar 2017 kii shuruat mein dakshin african swaasthya vibhaag dwara listeriosis key prakop kii soochana dee gaee thee. 4 march 2018 taka, 967 logon key sankramit honey aur 180 mauton key saath, yeh itihas mein sabse badaa listeriosis prakop thaa. srot kaa pataa polockwen mein ack bagh brand udyam sanyantra mein utpaadit sansaadhit maans utpaadon seey lagaaya gayaa thaa.
2018 australia listeriosis kaa prakop.
2 march 2018 koo nyu south wells khaadya pradhikaran ney pushti kii kii tarbooj (cantloops) mein listeriosis key prakop kii jaanch janwari mein shuru hui thee. aine. aiss. doubleu. key nadee kshetra mein ack khet mein ugaaye jaane key baad, cantalopes ney victoria, queensland, nyu south wells aur tasmania key logon koo sankramit kiya thaa.
2 march 2018 taka, 15 mein seey 13 mamalon kii pushti listeria sankramit cantalloups seey hui thee, aur 15 sankramit logon mein seey 3 kii mrityu hoe gaee thee. baad mein peediton mein 7 march koo ack chautha vyakti aur 16 march koo apane 80 key dashak mein ack victorian vyakti shamil thaa. garbhpaat koo listeriosis seey bhee jodaa gayaa thaa. 7 march taka satrah mamalon kii pushti hui thee.
julaai 2018 mein, australia sahit kaee deshon ney "listeria" key kaaran jamey hue sabjiyon koo vaapas bulaane kaa adesh jaari kiya.
2019 spen listeriosis kaa prakop.
agast 2019 mein, dakshini spen key andalusia mein kaee praanton mein prasanskrit maans utpaadon key dooshit batch kii khapat key parinamswarup ack prakop ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. 19 agast 2019 taka, 80 logon kaa nidan kiya gayaa thaa aur 56 koo aspatal mein bharti karaaya gayaa thaa (unamen seey 43 seville praant mein they),
20 agast taka, 114 logon kaa nidan kiya gayaa thaa, aur 18 garbhavati mahila aspatal mein theen, aur pahali pushti hui mrityu (ack 90 varsheeya mahila);
halanki aspatal mein bharti honey vaalon kii kull sankhya ghatkar 53 reh gaee haye, isake alawa, aathh garbhpaat prakop seey sambandhit hain. spen kii swaasthya mantri maria luisa carcedo ney ghoshana kii kii prakop kaa vistaar andalucian swaayatt samudaay seey huaa thaa, jisamen ack mamle kii pushti charampanthi aur paanch sandigdh mamle charampanthi aur madrid mein hue they. mantri ney nirdisht kiya kii, halanki nae mamle lambe ushmaayan avadhi key parinamswarup dikhaai dey sakate hain, dooshit utpaad koo vaapas leey liya gayaa thaa. 21 agast 2019 taka, 132 logon kaa nidan kiya gayaa aur 23 garbhavati mahila aspatal mein theen. 22 agast koo ack antarrashtriya chetavani ghoshit kii gaee thee.
2022 sanyukt raajya america listeriosis kaa prakop.
9 navambar, 2022 koo see. dee. see. ney ghoshana kii kii delly meat aur cheez mein "listeria" koo listeriosis key cumm seey cumm 16 mamalon seey jodaa gayaa thaa, jisamen 13 aspatal mein bharti honey aur 1 maut shamil thee. maryland, newyork, ilinois, massachusets, nyu jersey aur california seey mamle gyaat they.

