mano-itihas

mano-itihas manovigyaan, itihas aur sambandhit samajik vigyaan aur manaviki kaa ack mishran haye. isake samarthak itihas key "kyon" kii jaanch karane kaa daavaa karate hain, vishesh roop seey bataae gaye iraade aur vaastavik vyavhaar key beach key antar kii. yeh vyaktiyon, samoohon aur rashtron key ateet aur vartamaan key vyavhaar kii bhaavnaatmak utpatti koo samajhane key liye samajik vigyaan aur manaviki kii shodh paddhati key saath manovigyaan, vishesh roop seey manovishleshan kii antardrishti koo jodane key liye kaam kartaa haye. iss kshetra mein kaam bachpan, rachnaatmaktaa, sapane, parivarik gatishilata, pratikoolata, vyaktitva, raajneetik aur rashtrapati kii mano-jeevani key kshetron mein kiya gayaa haye. maanav vigyaan, kalaa, nrivigyaan, itihas, rajneeti aur rajneeti vigyaan aur bahut kuchh key pramukh mano-aitihaasik adhyayan hain.
varnan.
manovidon kaa daavaa haye kii way apani kaee avadhaaranaon koo una kshetron seey praapt karate hain jinhen paaramparik itihaskaron aur maanavvigyaani dwara maanav itihas key karakon koo aakar dene key roop mein nazarandaj kiya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey, paalan-poshan abhyaas aur baal shoshan key prabhaav. paaramparik itihaskaron key anusaar "sanskriti kaa vigyaan jeev vigyaan aur manovigyaan key niyamon seey swatantra haye" aur "samajik tathya key nirdhaaran kaa kaaran samajik tathyon key beach jaanaa chaahiye naa kii vyaktigat chetna kii sthitiyon key beach.
doosari or, manovidayakon kaa sujhaav haye kii aparaadh aur yuddh jaise samajik vyavhaar pahale key durupyog aur upeksha kaa ack aatm-vinashkari punah-adhiniyaman hoe sakata haye; kii praarambhik bhaya aur vinashkari paalan-poshan key liye achetan flashback vyaktigat aur samajik vyavhaar parr haavi hoe sakate hain.
mano-itihas aitihaasik jeevani parr bahut adhik nirbhar kartaa haye. mano-jeevani key ullekhaniya udaaharan luis namier key hain, jinhone british house off commons key baare mein likhaa thaa, aur phone broady, jinhone thomas jefferson key baare mein likhaa thaa.
adhyayan key kshetra.
mano-aitihaasik adhyayan key teen paraspar sambandhit kshetra hain.
ack anushasana key roop mein swatantrata.
manovidon ney tark diyaa haye kii manovigyaani apane vishesh tarikon, uddeshyon aur siddhanton key saath vidvatapurna jaanch kaa ack alag kshetra haye, joe ise paaramparik aitihaasik vishleshan aur maanav vigyaan seey alag kartaa haye. halanki, kuchh itihaskaron, samajik vaigyaanikon aur maanavvigyaani ney tark diyaa haye kii unake vishay pahale seey hii manovaigyaanik prerana kaa varnan karate hain aur isaliye, mano-itihas ack alag vishay naheen haye. itihas mein logon kii manovaigyaanik preranaon parr atkalon parr jore diye jaane key kaaran anya loga ise adhyayan key ack anushaasanheen kshetra key roop mein maanate hain. fried key anuyaayiyon dwara postmortem key liye manovishleshan key aavedan kii vyavaharyata parr bhee sandeh vyakt kiya gayaa haye.
manovidayakon kaa maanana haye kii antar parr jore diyaa jaataa haye aur paaramparik adhyayan mein, kathaa aur vivaran kendriya hotey hain, jabaki manovaigyaanik prerana koo shayed hii chhuaa jaataa haye. manovigyanifora bansin maanavvigyaani aaro naslavidonkhau anachar, shishu hatyaa, narbhakshan aaro gath 'balini thakhay maafi maagani thakhay daay dingo. way yeh maanate hain kii baal shoshan kaa gathan kyaa haye, yeh ack vastunishth tathya haye, aur kuchh prathaaen joe mukhyadhara key maanavvigyaani isake liye maafi maangate hain (jaise.jee., tyag anushthaan) key parinamswarup manovikriti, algaav aur jadui soch hoe sakati haye.
manovikriti mode.
lloyd demos ney manovikrit tarikon kii ack pranali kaa varnan kiya haye (neeche dekhein) joe aitihaasik roop seey aur sanskritiyon mein paalan-poshan kii shailiyon kii seema kaa varnan kartaa haye.
manovidon ney itihas key madhyam seey maanav maanas mein parivartanon key baare mein bahut kuchh likhaa haye; way maanate hain kii maataa-pitaa dwara utpann parivartan, aur vishesh roop seey maataon kii apane bachchon key saath sahaanubhooti rakhane kii badhati kshamata. itihas key pathyakram mein inn parivartanon key kaaran, vibhinn "mano-varg" (yaa "mano-janit tareeke") ubhare. ack manovarg ack prakaar kii mansikta haye joe ack vishesh baal paalan shally key parinamswarup hoti haye aur usake saath judee hoti haye, aur isake badale mein agali peedhiyon key baal paalan kii vidhi koo prabhaavit karati haye. mano-itihas siddhant key anusaar, paryaavaran mein parivartan kii parwah kiye binaa, yeh kewal tabhi hotaa haye jaba bachpan mein parivartan hotey hain aur nae mano-varg vikasit hotey hain kii samaaj pragati karna shuru karate hain.
demos dwara varnit pramukh manovikrit tareeke hainh
manochikitsak kaa maanana haye kii apmaanjanak bachche key paalan-poshan key paanch tareeke ("sahaayata mode" koo chhodkar) manovikriti seey laker tantrika taka key manorog vikaaron seey sambandhit hain.
neeche diyaa gayaa chart una tithiyon koo darshaata haye jinn parr maanaa jaataa haye kii yeye tareeke sabse unnat deshon mein vikasit hue hain, joe aitihaasik abhilekhon key samkaaleen khaaton parr adharit hain. chart kaa ack kaalaa aur safed sanskaran "mano-itihas kii neenv" mein dikhaai detaa haye.
uparokt chart parr y-aksh nae charan key sanketak key roop mein kaary kartaa haye naa kii charan key aakar yaa x-aksh key sambandh key maap key roop mein.
samayrekha shikari-sangrahakarta samajon parr lagu naheen hoti haye. yeh yunani aur roman duniya parr bhee lagu naheen hotaa haye, jahan baal paalan prathaon mein vyaapak bhinnata thee. yeh ullekhaniya haye kii baal-paalan key "dwibhashi" tareeke kaa aagaman punarjagaran (14veen shatabdi key madhya) kii shuruat seey pahale kewal ack yaa dou peedhiyon taka huaa thaa, aur "samajikkaran" tareeke kaa aagaman gyaan key yug key saath huaa thaa, joe 18veen shatabdi key anta mein shuru huaa thaa.
bachchon key paalan-poshan key pahale key roop baad key tarikon key saath saha-astitva mein hain, yahaan taka kii sabse unnat deshon mein bhee. iska ack udaaharan chuninda garbhpaat (aur kabhi-kabhi shishu ladkiyon key sampark mein aaney) kii report haye, vishesh roop seey chean, koria, taiwan, singapur, malaysia, bhaarat, pakistan, nyu ginny aur asia aur uttar africa key kaee anya vikaasheel deshon mein, jinn kshetron mein laakhon mahilaaen "laapata" hain. manovikritiyon key vichaaron mein nae aur puraane manovinod key sangharsh koo bhee ujagar kiya gayaa haye. yeh raajneetik virodhabhason mein parilakshit hotaa haye-udaaharan key liye, samkaaleen sanyukt raajya mein neele raajya aur laal raajya key matdaataon key beach sangharsh mein-aur grih yuddhon mein.
ack anya pramukh mano-aitihaasik avadharana "samooh kalpana" haye, joe ack mano-varg key saamoohik bachpan key anubhavon (aur usase ubharate mansik sanghrshon), aur rajneeti, dharm aur samajik jeevan key anya pahaluon mein mano-varg key vyavhaar key beach ack madhyasth shakti key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye.
uttar-aadhunik samay key liye ack manovinod.
manovikrit siddhant key anusaar, neanderthal purush key roop mein adhikansh janjaatiyaan aur parivaar pragaitihasik aur itihas key dauran shishu hatyaa, bachche kaa angachhed, anachar aur apane bachchon kii pitai kaa abhyaas karate they. vartamaan mein bachchon key paalan-poshan key paschimi samajikkaran key tareeke koo kshetra mein bahut cumm apmaanjanak maanaa jaataa haye, halanki yeh tarika abhee taka poori tarah seey durupyog seey mukt naheen haye. unake maulik nibandh "bachpan kaa vikas" ("bachpan key itihas" mein pahala lekh) key shuruati paragraph mein demos kahata haih
bachpan kaa itihas ack duhswapna haye jisase humm haal hii mein jaagane lagey hain. itihas mein ack aur peechhe jaataa haye, baal dekhbhal kaa star cumm hotaa haye, aur bachchon kii hatyaa, parityakt, peeta, aatankit aur yaun shoshan kii adhik sambhavana hoti haye.
kshetra mein ack ashawadi visheshta key bavjood haye. maataa-pitaa kaa maanana haye kii "madad karane key tareeke" kii duniya mein, kissy bhee anya prakaar kii hinsa bhee gayab hoe jaayegi, saath hii saath jadui soch, mansik vikaar, yuddh aur manushya key khilaf manushya kii anya amaanaveeyataaen bhee gayab hoe jaayengi. haalaanki, aalochana kii gaee haye kii yeh swayam ack jadui soch kaa roop haye.
aalochanaaen.
uchch shiksha key kissy bhee sansthaan mein "mano-itihas" key liye samarpit koee vibhaag naheen hain, halanki kuchh itihas vibhagon ney isamen pathyakram chalaae hain. mano-itihas adhyayan kaa ack vivadaspad kshetra banaa huaa haye, jise akaadamik samudaay mein aalochana kaa saamana karna padata haye, alochakon ney ise ack chhadm vigyaan key roop mein sandarbhit kiya haye. mano-itihas kaee vidhiyon kaa upayog kartaa haye, aur yeh nirdhaarit karna mushkil haye kii pratyek paristhiti mein kaun saa upayog karna uchit haye. phir bhee yeh "bahulata" kaafee paridhiya haye.
1973 mein, itihaaskaar ney ack. traver-roper ney walter langer key "adolph hitler key dimag" key prakaashan key jawab mein poori tarah seey manohistari key kshetra koo khariz curr diyaa."unhone tark diyaa kii manohistri kii karyapranali" ack doshpurna darshan parr "adharit haye aur" ack doshpurna vidhi seey dooshit haye."aitihaasik vyakhyaon koo praapt karane key liye aitihaasik sakshya kaa upayog karane key bajaay, traver-roper ney tark diyaa kii" mano-itihaaskaar vipareet disha mein aage badhate hain. way apane siddhanton seey apane tathyon kaa anuman lagaate hain; aur iska matlab haye, vaastav mein, kii tathya siddhant kii dayaa parr hain, siddhant key saath unaki sthirata key anusaar chune gaye aur moolyavaan hain, yahaan taka kii siddhant kaa samarthan karane key liye aavishkaar kiya gayaa haye."
demos koo kaee staron parr aalochana millie haye. vishvasaniya shodh dwara aparyaapt roop seey samarthit honey key liye unake sutrikaran kii aalochana kii gaee haye. unhein bachpan key itihas (i.ee. kii bachpan kaa itihas pragati kaa itihas thaa, ateet mein bachchon key saath aksar buraa vyavhaar kiya jaataa thaa). isi tarah, unake kaam koo baal shoshan kaa itihas kahaa gayaa haye, naa kii bachpan kaa. bachpan key itihas key gambhir drishtikon koo anya sroton seey jaanaa jaataa haye, jaise.jee. edward short kii "aadhunik parivaar kaa nirmaan" aur laurence stone kii "ingland mein parivaar, ling aur vivaah 1500-1800". haalaanki, bachpan key atyacharon parr unake baar-baar, vistrit vivaran key liye demos koo aalochana mileeh
paathak nissandeh inn manohistarik "durvyavaharon key udaharanon seey pahale seey hii parichit haye."halanki, saarthak aur gambhir key beach ack mahatvapurna antar haye, yadi shayed saral aur cumm karane vaalaa haye, tou itihas mein manovaigyaanik aur manohistarik ujagar koo samajhane kaa prayaas karein joe kabhi-kabhi aitihaasik pornography parr kagaar parr aaa sakata haye. adhik tuchchh aur apriya prakaar key mano-itihas key udaharanon key liye, "journal off cycohistery" dekhein. ateet key manovaigyaanik ayam koo samajhane key adhik gambhir aur vidvatapurna prayason key liye, "mano-itihas sameeksha" dekhein.
haal key mano-itihas kii bhee aalochana kii gaee haye kii way atee-ulajhan mein hain, jinake siddhant poore kshetra key pratinidhi naheen hain.
sangathan.
boston vishvavidyalaya snaatak star parr ack mano-itihas pathyakram pradaan kartaa haye aur pathyakram vivaran prakaashit kartaa haye.
manohistari key liye sangathan kii sthaapana lloyd demos dwara kii gaee thee. duniya bhar mein isaki 19 shaakhaaen hain aur 30 seey adhik varshon seey "journal off cycohistery" prakaashit hoe rahee haye. antarrashtriya mano-itihas sangathan kii sthaapana 1977 mein mano-itihas key kshetra key liye ack peshevar sangathan key roop mein demos aur anya logon dwara kii gaee thee. yeh "mano-itihas samachar" prakaashit kartaa haye aur isamen ack mano-itihaasiya mell order lending library haye. sangathan ack vaarshik sammelan kii mejbani kartaa haye.
manohistari forum traimasik patrika "cleo kii mansikta" prakaashit kartaa haye. isaki sthaapana 1983 mein itihaaskaar aur manovishleshak paul aich. dwara kii gaee thee. allowitz. shikshaavidon, chikitsakon aur aam logon kaa yeh sangathan newyork shahar aur antarrashtriya sammelanon mein niyamit roop seey vidvaanon kii baithaken aayojit kartaa haye. yeh ack online charcha samooh koo bhee praayojit kartaa haye.
germany mein, mano-itihas mein ruchi lene vaale vaigyaanik 1987 seey harr saal milate rahey hain. 1992 mein, "mano-vigyaan aur rajneeti manovigyaan ee.vee."(" "mano-itihas aur raajneetik manovigyaan key liye samaaj" ") kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. yeh samaaj "zaharbuch farr cycohistorische forshung" ("manohistarik anusandhaan kaa vaarshik") jaari kartaa haye.

