pyreni kii ladaai

pyreni kii ladaai badey paimaane parr aakramak thee (lekhak david chandler ney "yuddh" koo ack aakramak key roop mein pahachaana) jise 25 julaai 1813 koo samrat napolean key adesh parr pyreni kshetra key marshel nicolaus jeane dee du soult dwara shuru kiya gayaa thaa, taaki pamplona aur saine sebastian mein gherabandi key tahat francisi sainikon koo raahat mill sakey. praarambhik safalata key baad, wellington key markes arther valesley kii kamaan key tahat badhe hue sahayogi pratirodh key saamane aakramak maidan rook gayaa. soult ney 30 julaai koo aakraman koo chhod diyaa aur donon mein seey kissy bhee sainya-dall koo raahat dene mein whiffle rahane key baad france kii or badh gayaa.
pyreni kii ladaai mein kaee alag-alag kaary shamil they. 25 julaai koo, soult aur dou francisi core ney ronsevales kii ladaai mein prabalit british chauthe division aur ack spanish division seey ladaai ladee. mitra rashtron ney dinn key dauran sabhi hamalon koo safaltapurvak roque liya, lekin bhaari francisi sankhyaatmak shreshthata key saamane usa raat ronsevals paas seey peechhe hutt gaye. 25 tarikh koo bhee, ack teesare francisi dall ney maaya kii ladaai mein british dwiteeya division kii gambhir roop seey koshish kii. usa shaam angrej maaya darre seey hutt gaye. wellington ney pamplona key uttar mein kuchh hii doori parr apane sainikon koo ikattha kiya aur 28 julaai koo sororen kii ladaai mein soult key dou core key hamalon koo peechhe hataa diyaa.
uttar-poorv mein vaapas aaney key bajaay, soult ney 29 julaai koo apane teesare dall key saath sampark kiya aur uttar kii or badhane lagaa. 30 julaai koo, wellington ney saururen mein soult key reorgard parr hamla kiya aur ome francisi sainikon koo poorvottar kii or dhakel diyaa, aur adhikansh uttar kii or jaari rahey. maaya darre kaa upayog karane key bajaay, soult uttar kii or bidasoa nadee ghaati kii or jaane key liye chunaa gayaa. vaha 1 agast koo yansi mein apane sainikon koo gherne key sahayogi prayason seey bachane mein kamyab rhaa aur 2 agast koo attuxlar mein antim reorgard kaarravaai key baad paas key darre seey bhaag gayaa. francisi koo sahayogi senaa kii tulanaa mein lagbhag doguni hatahaton kaa saamana karna padaa.
prishthabhoomi.
vittoria kii ladaai mein nirnaayak francisi haar key baad, marshel soult ney chaar senaaon key avasheshon koo 80,000 sainikon key ack bull mein samekit kiya. soult ney division key general jeane-baptist druit koo adesh diyaa, comette dee 'erlon ney 21,000 purushon key ack dall koo maaya darre parr hamla karane aur surakshit karane key liye adesh diyaa. general off division onar rele koo soult dwara apane core aur 40,000 purushon key general off division bertrand clausel key saath ronsevales paas parr hamla karane aur jabt karane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. marshel soult kii yojana pahale pamplona mein gherabandi koo door karane kii thee, phir saine sebastian mein gherabandi koo door karane key liye senaa koo paschim kii or ghumana thaa.
bull.
vampanthi clausel key leftinent (senaa core) mein division nicolaus francois conrox, adme-martin vandermessen aur eloi charlemen taupin key generalon key paidal senaa prabhaag shamil they. conrox key chauthe division mein nau bataliyanon mein 7,056 purush they; wendermessen key 5vein division mein saat bataliyanon mein 4,181 sanic they; taopin key 8vein division mein nau bataliyanon mein 5,981 paidal senaa thee. kendra key dee 'erlon key leftinent mein division key generalon key paidal senaa prabhaag shamil they-jeane barthlemy darmgnack, luis jeane nicolaus abbe aur jeane-piyare maransin. darmgnack key dusare division ney aathh bataliyanon mein 6,961 sainikon kii ginati kii; abby key teesare division mein nau bataliyanon mein 8,030 sanic they; maransin key 6vein division mein saat bataliyanon mein 5,966 purush they. rail key leftinent off dha raait mein division maximilian sebastian foy, antoine luis popon dee makoon aur thomas mignot dee lamartineer key generalon key division they. foy key pahale division mein nau bataliyanon mein 5,922 sanic they; maukoon key 7vein division mein saat bataliyanon mein 4,186 paidal senaa thee; lamartineer key 9vein division mein 10 bataliyanon mein 7,127 sanic shamil they.
pratyek core mein kull 808 ghudsavaaron key liye ack ekal ghudsavaar resiment thee joe scouting uddeshyon key liye judee hui thee. division key general eugene-kasimir vilate key tahat francisi reserve ney biske kii khaadi key paas nichali bidasoa nadee parr raksha kii. bhandar mein 14 bataliyanon mein 9,102 francisi sanic, chaar bataliyanon mein 2,066 german, teen bataliyanon mein 1,349 italvi, teen bataliyanon mein 1,168 spanish, 1,550 francisi rashtriya gaard aur teen bataliyanon mein 2,019 raajaa key gaard they, jinamen seey antim joseph bonepart key angarakshak key avashesh they. isake alawa, division key general piyare benoit soult ney 10 resiments mein 3,981 halke ghudsavaaron kii kamaan sambhali aur division key general annie-francois-charles trailiard ney chhah resiments mein 2,358 dragon kaa netritva kiya. dou ghudsavaar dall peechhe kii or baney rahey. lagbhag 7,900 bandukdhari, sapper, vaigan chaalak aur anya sanic they. brigade key general luis emmanuel ray aur 3,000 sainikon ney saine sebastian koo tainaat kiya, jabaki brigade key general luis piyare jeane casson ney 3,500-aadami kii senaa key saath pamplona koo aayojit kiya. beon mein 5,595 francisi sanic they. kull milakar, soult key adesh parr 99,906 sanic they. iss kull mein seey unhone apane aakraman mein 63,572 purushon kaa upayog kiya.
wellington ney 62,000 purushon key ack covering bull key saath paschimi pyreni kii rekha kaa bachaav kiya. yeye uttar-poorv kii or mukh karate hain, aur baayin or biske kii khaadi parr bidasoa nadee key muhaane parr lunger daalate hain. baaen seey daaen, unhone nimnalikhit paidal senaa prabhagon koo tainaat kiyaah tata parr mejar general keneth howard kaa pahala, lesakka mein mejar general charles elton kaa prakaash, leftinent general george ramse, attuxaller mein dalhauji key 7vein earl kaa 9vaan earl, maaya paas aur elizondo mein leftinent general villium stevert kaa 2vaan, mejar general francisco silveira, izpegi paas key paas amerant key purtagaali kii ginati, ronsevax paas mein leftinent general lori coley kaa 4vaan aur ronsevax mein mejar general pablo morillo kaa spanish bhee. reserve mein dondebe mein mejar general dennis paik kaa 6 vaan division aur oleg mein leftinent general thomas picton kaa 3 vaan division, saath hii anya purtagaali aur spanish ikaaiyaan theen. pahaadon mein ghudsavaar senaa kaa bahut cumm moolya honey key kaaran, wellington ney dou halke dragon brigedon koo chhodkar, apane adhikansh door peechhe tainaat curr diyaa.
saine sebastian kii gherabandi mejar general james leath key 5vein division aur leftinent general thomas graham key nirdeshan mein anya ikaaiyon dwara kii gaee thee. pamplona koo general heinry oh 'donnell, laa bisabal key spanish division aur anya ikaaiyon kii pahali ginati ney gher liya thaa.
yuddh.
maaya aur ronsevales.
25 julaai 1813 koo aashcharyajanak aakraman shuru huaa. maaya (pamplona key uttar mein) aur ronseswox (pamplona key uttar-poorv mein) donon key paas pamplona seey samudra taka 50 meal key morche parr faile sahyogiyon dwara kamjor roop seey aayojit kiye gaye they. maaya darre koo todane key baad, dee 'erlon koo pamplona key uttar mein vellet darre koo jabt karane key liye baaztaan ghaati key madhyam seey dakshin-paschim kii or badhana thaa. ronseswox darre parr toofaan key baad, clausel aur rele koo dakshin-paschim mein pamplona kii or badhane kaa nirdesh diyaa gayaa. soult koo apane sainikon key liye raashan praapt karane mein pareshani hui, isaliye unhone kewal chaar dinon key raashan key saath apana aakraman shuru kiya.
maaya paas kii jimmedaari karbhari key dusare vibhaag key saath hoti haye. usa subah, karbhari ney faisala kiya kii francisi hamla naheen karenge, mejar general villium pringle aur leftinent curnell johnn cameron kii brigade koo ghaati mein chhod diyaa aur dakshin mein duss meal kii doori parr elizondo kii or chaley gaye. kuchh francisi sainikon koo dekhaa gayaa aur pickett key samarthan mein halki companiyon koo bheja gayaa. jaba francisi balpurvak hamla karate they, tou ghaati mein british balon koo poori kitt mein darre parr chadhana padata thaa. jaba taka way uthhe, pickett bull kaa safaya curr diyaa gayaa aur dee 'erlon key 10,000 logon ney paas parr kabja curr liya. maaya kii ladaai mein, pringle ney darmgnack key vibhajan kaa virodh kiya, jabaki cameron ney baaki francisi core kaa saamana kiya. 4, 000 angrejon ney baar koo phir seey lene kii koshish kii, lekin way aisaa karane mein asamarth rahey. doosari or, ashuddhata kii sankirnata ney angrejon koo dee 'erlon kii atyadhik behtar shakti koo rokane mein madad kii. jaba karbhari dopahar 2 baje lauta, tou usane laal coat koo doosari sthiti mein vaapas kheench liya. dopahar 3 baje taka angrej aapada key kagaar parr they. iss bindu parr, dalhausi key 7vein division kii mejar general edward barnes kii brigade paschim seey dee 'erlon koo maarne key liye pahunchi aur ladaai marr gaee. angrejon ney 6,000 mein seey 1,610 purushon aur chaar topon koo khou diyaa, jabaki francisi nuksan kii sankhya 20,900 mein seey 2,100 thee. usa shaam, leftinent general roland hill ney elizondo key liye ack peechhe hatane koo adhikrit kiya. dee 'erlon barnes key aakraman key baare mein chintit thaa aur agale dinn bahut savdhani seey peechha kiya. vaha 26 tarikh koo kewal chhah meal aage badhe.
coley ney apane chauthe division, morillo key spanish division aur dusare division key mejar general johnn bayang kii brigade key saath kull 11,000 purushon key saath ronsesvales paas koo aayojit kiya. subah 6 baje seey 9 baje taka, bayang kii brigade ney ronsevales kii ladaai mein clausel key hamale kaa khamiyaja uthaaya, jabaki coley ney atirikt bull jutaaya. shaam 5 baje taka jaba ghanaa kohra chhaaya tou coley ney french koo bund curr diyaa. sahyogiyon ney 350 purushon koo khou diyaa, jabaki francisi hatahaton kii sankhya lagbhag 530 thee. unake daahine hisse kii ack chhoti see francisi jaanch seey pareshan aur darr thaa kii 36,000 francisi usey dhundh seey baahar nikaal denge, coley ney kshetra chhod diyaa aur pamplona kii or peechhe hutt gaye, halanki unhein paas koo "adhikatam" rakhane kaa adesh diyaa gayaa thaa. wellington kii aankho mein ack buri galati thee kii coley samay parr apane karyon kii report karane mein whiffle rhaa. jaba picton apane 6,000-aadami 3rd division key saath dikhaai diyaa, tou coley ney usey peechhe hatane key liye bhee manaa liya.
kohre key kaaran, francisi koo ehsas naheen huaa kii agali subah taka angrej bhaag gaye they. clausel ney peechha kiya, lekin dopahar taka cole key peechhe key gaard key sampark mein naheen aaya. iss beach, rele key dall ney pahaadon key paar ack vaikalpik maarg kaa upayog karane kaa prayaas kiya aur ack vritt mein march kiya. 27 julaai koo marshel soult dwara vyaktigat roop seey kamaan sambhaalane vaale sainikon dwara ronsevales paas seey ack dhakka, pamplona key 10 meal key bheetar milaa. dhyaan dein kii yeh vivaadit haye. haalaanki, picton kii british aur purtagaali senaaon ney pamplona key thheek uttar mein sororen gaanv key paas ack utkrisht rakshaatmak sthiti parr khade hoe gaye.
dee 'erlon key dall koo mukhya francisi hamla maanate hue aur coley seey koee jaankaari praapt naheen karate hue, wellington ney 26 julaai koo maaya paas kii disha mein apana bachaav sthaapit kiya. elizondo mein prabhaari pahaadi koo chhodate hue, vaha 27 julaai koo pamplona kii or chalaa gayaa taaki yeh pataa lagaaya jaa sakey kii kyaa hoe rhaa thaa. unhone paik key 6 vein division koo coley aur picton mein shamil honey kaa adesh diyaa.
sororen aur soult kaa peechhe hatna.
27 julaai koo, wellington sororen mein 17,000 british aur purtagaali sainikon mein shamil hoe gayaa. clausel kii teevra hatasha key liye, soult ney rele key vilambit dall key aaney kaa intezar karane kaa faisala kiya aur yahaan taka kii jhapaki bhee lii. agale dinn, sororen kii ladaai mein, soult key 36,000 purushon ney pamplona key saamane 24,000 sahayogi sainikon parr asafal hamla kiya. sahyogiyon ney 2,652 hatahaton koo khou diyaa jabaki francisi nuksan shayed adhik thaa. dee 'erlon koo avaruddh karate hue pahaadi key dall koo wellington ney sororen kii or vaapas kheench liya. lekin dee 'erlon kabhi bhee soult kii madad karane key liye sororen taka naheen pahunch sakaa. isake bajaay, jaba 29 julaai kii subah dee 'erlon kii ghudsavaar senaa ney soult key saath sampark kiya, tou soult ney uttar-poorv kii or peechhe hatane key bajaay uttar kii or jaane kaa faisala kiya. jaise hii 30 julaai koo subah hui, soult key logon koo british morche key paar poorv seey paschim kii or peechhe hatate dekhaa jaa sakata thaa. abb apane 7vein division dwara prabalit, wellington ney ack hamale kaa adesh diyaa.
francisi koo bhagaaye jaane seey pahale ack kadvi ladaai mein sororen gaanv seey chipak gayaa. british ney 538 hatahaton kii soochana dee jabaki francisi nuksan bahut adhik thaa. achaanak british aakraman seey cutt gayaa, francisi rekha key poorv chhor parr foy kaa vibhajan uttar-poorv mein ronsevals key raaste seey peechhe hutt gayaa. roy key saath rele aur clausel key aadeshon key tatva shamil hoe gaye taaki vaha apane saath 12,000 purushon koo leey jaae. iss beach, dee 'erlon ney uttar kii or peechhe hatane key liye baaki francisi senaa kaa netritva kiya, pahaadi kii senaa koo peechhe dhakelate hue buss itna peechhe hutt gaye kii way paar curr sakein. 30 julaai koo boonja mein, dee 'erlon key abby key vibhajan mein 750 hataahat hue, jabaki sahyogiyon koo 1,056 156 british aur 900 purtagaali kaa saamana karna padaa.
jaisa kii wellington kii ummeed thee, maaya darre parr peechhe hatane key bajaay, soult ney uttar mein bidasoa nadee ghaati taka cooch kiya. yansi mein, pramukh general francisco dee longa key spanish division key hisse ney ack pramukh pull koo avaruddh curr diyaa. dou ghante taka, unake shesh division key samarthan key binaa, doosari "asturious" resiment kii ack batalian ney dee 'erlon key poore core koo roque diyaa. anta mein, paanch francisi bataliyanon ney pull parr dhawa boll diyaa aur soult kii parajit senaa ney ise paar curr liya. peechhe hatane koo rokane mein bahut dair hoe gaee, elton kaa prakaash vibhajan leitza seey aaya aur oopar seey khaai mein chalaa gayaa, jisase francisi stambh mein arajakta fail gaee. unaki bhookhon marr rahee senaa teji seey ack bheed mein vighatit hoe gaee, aatma atkslar (ekelar) key madhyam seey uttar-poorv mein ghoom gaee aur 2 agast koo cole dee lizaria key madhyam seey francisi seema taka pahunch gaee. usa dinn, conrox aur lamartineer key divisions key tatvon ney cole division key mejar general robbert ross brigade, barnes brigade aur 95 veen rifles key khilaf atkslar mein ack reorgard kaarravaai kii. francisi koo lagbhag 300 hatahaton kaa saamana karna padaa, jabaki 368 logon kii maut hoe gaee, ghayal hoe gaye aur unake peechha karane vaalon koo laapata curr diyaa gayaa. iss beach, 1,000 seey adhik francisi ghayal koo chhod diyaa gayaa aur sahyogiyon dwara pakad liya gayaa.
nishkarsh.
soult saine sebastian aur pamplona mein gherabandi koo door karane mein whiffle rhaa, lagbhag 13,000 hataahat hue, aur usey francisi mitty mein kamjor aur hatotsaahit hocker vaapas jaanaa padaa. soult kii senaa ney 1,313 logon koo khou diyaa, 8,582 ghayal hue aur 2,702 logon koo pakad liya. 1, 318 francisi adhikaariyon mein seey 423 hataahat hue. abhiyaan key liye wellington kaa kull nuksan 7,000 thaa. agali kaarravaai agast key anta mein saine marshel kii ladaai thee.

