
siyaka stevens

siyaka probin stevens (24 agast 1905-29 maee 1988) 1967 seey 1985 taka siera leone key netaa they, 1967 seey 1971 taka pradhaan mantri key roop mein aur 1971 seey 1985 taka rashtrapati key roop mein kaary curr rahey they. stevens key netritva kii visheshta aksar paitrik shasson aur aatm-bhog, bhrashtachar aur shoshan key madhyam seey shakti koo majboot karna thaa.
stevens aur unaki aul peepuls congress (apc) party ney 1967 key siera leone aam chunaavon mein siera leone peepuls party (slip) key maujooda pradhaan mantri surr albert margai parr jeet hassil kii. aprail 1971 mein, stevens ney siera leone koo ack ganarajya banaa diyaa aur siera leone sansad dwara samvidhaan kii pushti key ack dinn baad rashtrapati bunn gaye. halanki aam taur parr siera leone key pahale rashtrapati key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, takniki roop seey vaha ack nyayadhish christopher okoro coley key baad ganarajya key dusare rashtrapati they, jinhone ack dinn key liye shapath lii thee, jisake baad unhone istifa dey diyaa, jisase stevens key liye maarg prashast huaa.
stevens ney 1 julaai 1980 seey 24 juuna 1981 taka african ekataa (oh. oh. yuu.) key sangathan key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya aur cierra leone, liberia aur ginny seey yukt teen-desh aarthik sangh, mano nadee sangh key nirmaan kaa beedaa uthaaya.
stevens 28 navambar 1985 koo apane karyakal key anta mein karyalaya seey sevaanivritt hue. anya sabhi sambhaavit uttaradhikariyon parr alag honey key liye dabaav daalane key baad, unhone siera leone sashastr balon key commander mejar-general joseph momoh koo apane uttaradhikari key roop mein chunaa. 29 maee 1988 koo freetown mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
praarambhik jeevan.
siyaka probin stevens kaa janm 24 agast 1905 koo british siera leone key dakshini praant key moyamba jile mein ack limba pitaa aur ack mende maan key ghar huaa thaa. halanki moyamba mein paida hue, stevens kaa badaa paalan-poshan freetown mein huaa thaa. stevens ney apani praathamik shiksha freetown mein poori kii aur siera leone pulis bull mein shamil honey seey pahale freetown mein albert akadami mein maadhyamik vidyalaya puuraa kiya. 1923 seey 1930 taka, way pratham shreni key sargent aur bandook prashikshak key pada parr pahunche.
1931 seey 1946 taka, stevens ney siera leone vikas company (delco) railway key nirmaan parr kaam kiya, joe marampa mein lauh ayask khadanon key saath pepal key bandargah koo jodata thaa. 1943 mein, unhone sanyukt khadaan shramik sangh kii saha-sthaapana mein madad kii aur 1946 mein shramikon key hiton kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye sanrakshit vidhansabha mein niyukt kiye gaye. 1947 mein, stevens ney ruskin college mein dakhila liya, jahan unhone shram sambandhon kaa adhyayan kiya.
raajneetik jeevan.
1951 mein, stevens ney siera leone peepuls party (slip) kii saha-sthaapana kii aur vidhaan parishad key liye chune gaye. ack saal baad, vaha siera leone key khaanon, bhoomi aur shram key pahale mantri baney. 1957 mein, vaha port loko nirvaachan kshetra key sadasya key roop mein pratinidhiyon key sadan key liye chune gaye, lekin ack chunaav yachika key parinamswarup apani seat khou baithe. apc kii sthaapana 1963/64 mein hui thee jaba unhone purvi germany kaa daura kiya, jisamen sheku magona aur kaade kamara they, aur kaade kamara party kii shuruat key liye beej dhana praapt karane key liye chean jaa rahey they.
slip netritva key saath asahamati key baad, stevens ney party key saath sambandh toda diye aur peepuls national party (pnp) kii saha-sthaapana kii, jisake way pahale mahasachiv aur upa netaa they. 1959 mein unhone landan mein swatantrata vaarta mein bhaag liya. haalaanki, jaba baatchit samaapt hui, tou vaha ekmatra pratinidhi they jinhone iss aadhar parr samjhaute parr hastakshar karane seey incar curr diyaa kii siera leone aur united kingdam key beach ack gupt raksha samjhauta huaa thaa. vivaad kaa ack aur bindu siera leonian sarkaar kii sthiti thee kii swatantrata seey pahale koee chunaav naheen hoga, joe unhein prabhaavi roop seey raajneetik prakriya seey baahar curr dega. baatchit seey lautane parr unhein turant pee. aine. pee. seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa. stevens ney taba swatantrata andolan (ebm) seey pahale chunaav shuru kiye.
uttari aur purvi jaatiya samoohon key mohbhang kaa safaltapurvak fayda uthaane key baad, siera leone pragatisheel swatantrata andolan (slippim) key saath gathbandhan key nirmaan key saath, vaha 20 march 1960 koo isake gathan key baad apc key 8vein sadasya mein seey ack they.
pradhaanmantri pada mein baadha.
aul peepuls congress siera leone mein dou pramukh raajneetik dalon mein seey ack haye, doosara siera leone peepuls party (slip) haye. party kii sthaapana 1960 mein siera leone peepuls party seey alag hue ack samooh dwara kii gaee thee, jinhone swatantrata seey pahale chunaav key vichaar kaa jordar virodh kiya thaa, lekin isake bajaay chunaavon seey pahale swatantrata key vichaar kaa samarthan kiya thaa. aul peepuls congress (apc) kaa gathan 5 elba street, freetown mein kiya gayaa thaa, aur unamen divangat alhaji pramukh muktaru kaale, pahale adhyaksh aur netaa shamil they aur jinhone naam aur prateek diyaa thaa. alue badar koroma, upaadhyaksh, see.aeye. kamra-teller, pratham mahasachiv, alhaji sheikh jibril sese, khajanedar, kavusu konte, aayojak, ack tii koroma, jansampark, kotor abubakar summ bangura, kalakar, prateek key chitra, pahale saatven aur baad mein chhah seey terah jodein. yeye sabhi peepuls congress party key pahale saat aur sansthaapak sadasya they. agale sadasya siyaka probin stevens, nancy steel, aiss hain.aaee.koroma, bobb elen, mohammad bush-takee aur ibrahim bush-takee. saahab. albert margai joe baad mein fislan mein lautenge aur pradhaan mantri banenge, aur siyaka pee. stevens joe baad mein pradhaan mantri aur baad mein siera leone key adhyaksh bhee baney. apc ney 1968 seey 1992 taka desh parr shasson kiya, aur 2007 mein party key rashtrapati pada key ummidwar ernest baaee koroma key 2007 key siera leone rashtrapati chunaav jeetane key baad phir seey sattaaroodh dall bunn gayaa.
17 march 1967 koo hue chunaavon mein, aeye. pee. see. ney behad cumm antar seey jeet hassil kii, aur stevens koo pradhaan mantri niyukt kiya gayaa, lekin unhein ack sainya takhtapalat key dauran karyalaya lene key kuchh hii minaton baad giraftar kiya gayaa.
sainya shasson kii ack sankshipt avadhi key baad, stevens ney 26 aprail 1968 koo pradhaanmantri key pada koo phir seey sambhala. aprail 1971 mein, ack gantantra samvidhaan pesh kiya gayaa thaa. 20 aprail koo pratinidhi sabhaa dwara isaki pushti kii gaee thee. rajshahi koo samaapt karane kii jatil prakriya key kaaran, mukhya nyayadhish christopher okoro coley march key anta mein antarim governor general baney. jaba 19 aprail koo gantantra kaa aupchaarik roop seey udghaatan kiya gayaa, tou coley dou dinon key liye rashtrapati baney. isake baad unhone istifa dey diyaa aur stevens vyaapak karyakari aur vidhaayi shaktiyon key saath rashtrapati bunn gaye.
stevens kii adhyakshata.
1973 mein, nae samvidhaan key tahat pahale chunaav hue. chunaav hinsa seey prabhaavit they aur purchy dwara unakaa bahishkaar kiya gayaa thaa, jisane apc koo pratinidhiyon key sadan mein sabhi 85 seeten deen. march 1976 mein stevens koo sadan dwara nirvirodh rashtrapati chunaa gayaa. 1971 seey 1985 mein pada chhodane taka stevens key pahale upaadhyaksh suurii ibrahim koroma they.
1970 key dashak key shesh samay mein, stevens ney apani shakti koo majboot karna jaari rakhaa, jisaki parinati 1978 mein ack nae samvidhaan parr janmat sangrah mein hui, joe ekmatra kanuni roop seey anumat party key roop mein apc key saath ack-pakshiya raajya kaa nirmaan karega. stevens ney prastaavit ack-party pranali koo paschimi shally key loktantra kii tulanaa mein adhik african bataaya. haalaanki, siera leone key ganarajya banane key baad seey desh ack vaastavik ack-party raajya rhaa thaa. 12 juuna koo, matdaataon key 97.1% ney nae ack-party samvidhaan key liye matdan kiya, ack avishvasaniya roop seey uchch kull joe kewal badey paimaane parr dhokhadhadi seey praapt kiya jaa sakata thaa. paryavekshakon ney sahamati vyakt kii kii chunaavon mein sarkaar dwara bhaari herfer kiya gayaa thaa. yeh saabit karate hue, yahaan taka kii una kshetron mein bhee jahaan abhee bhee girawat prabal thee, bhuskhalan key antar seey ack-pakshiya raajya kaa samarthan karane key roop mein report kiya gayaa thaa.
chunaav key baad, pratinidhi sabhaa key sabhi vipakshi sadasyon koo stevens key apc mein shamil honah yaa apani seeten khona aavashyak thaa. paanch saal key karyakal key liye phir seey chune jaane key dou saal baad, stevens ney saat saal key atirikt karyakal key liye shapath lii, taba taka unhone "dow."way" "paa shaaki" "key roop mein bhee jaane jaane lagey.
rashtrapati stevens ney 1 julaai 1980 seey 24 juuna 1981 taka african ekataa (oh. oh. yuu.) key sangathan key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya aur cierra leone, liberia aur ginny key teen desh aarthik sangh, mano nadee sangh key nirmaan kaa kaam kiya. stevens ney disambar 1981 seey 1982 kii shuruat taka vitt mantri kaa atirikt pada sambhala.
stevens kaa shasson bahut damankari aur bhrasht thaa, yahaan taka kii usa samay key african manakon key anusaar bhee. unake kaee virodhi, jinamen seey kuchh kabhi karibi sahayogi they, kaid curr liye gaye aur maare gaye. aantarik suraksha ikai, berojgar shahari yuvaaon kaa ack giroh, jise drugs kii aapoorti kii jaati thee, koo stevens key vyaktigat mrityu daste key roop mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. unhone vaastav mein siera leone koo ack aadhikarik ack-party raajya banaane seey pahale ack gahari sattawadi lakir dikhaai thee; 1960 key dashak key anta aur 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein apatkal kii lagaatar sthitiyaan aur raajneetik dushmanon koo kaee baar fansi dee gaee thee.
fansi parr chadhaae jaane vaale unake karibi sahyogiyon mein johnn amadu bangura they, jinhone ack baar raajneetik gumnami seey stevens koo chheen liya thaa jaba senaa ney 1967 key huha chunaavon key baad nagrik rajneeti koo mitaa diyaa thaa; usa samay, stevens neeche aur baahar they, konkri, ginny mein nirvaasan mein reh rahey they, unake mukhya shesh vikalp key saath, siera leone aur unake nagrikon kii samprabhuta parr ack niyojit hamla. bangura koo ring leader banana thaa, lekin bangura key netritva mein ack takhtapalat key kaaran yojana kabhi bhee sakar naheen hui. bangura ney pradhaanmantri key roop mein satta siyak stevens koo saunp dee (key. pee. aeye. aine.: 2005).
siyaka steven key shasson key dauran maare gaye ack anya pramukh siyare leone dow. mohammad forna they. rajdroh key aaropon koo khariz karane key baad 1974 mein unhein 14 anya logon key saath fansi parr latka diyaa gayaa thaa. stevens key satta mein aaney parr dow. forna lokpriya vitt mantri they. badey paimaane parr bhrashtachar key virodh key baad vaha paksh seey baahar hoe gaye they.
stevens ney arthavyavastha koo bhee buri tarah seey prabandhit kiya. unhone aur unake nikatatam sahyogiyon ney raajya key sansadhanon koo iss hudd taka loot liya kii raajya buniyaadi sevaaon kii aapoorti karane mein asamarth thaa. shiksha pranali kamobesh astitvaheen thee. garibi vishesh roop seey graameen kshetron mein spasht thee, joe kaafee hudd taka mukt kshetra seey alag they. haalaanki way 1991 mein siera leone grihyuddh key samay taka sevaanivritt hoe gaye they, lekin unaki raajneetik, samajik aur aarthik neetiyon key prabhaav ney usa sangharsh mein seedhe yogdan diyaa.
videsh neeti.
siyaka stevens ney padbhar grahan karane parr uttar koria, cuba aur chean jaise communist deshon taka pahunch gaye. isake kaaran paschimi netaaon koo shuru mein unase savdhan rehna padaa. haalaanki, vaha ack pratibaddh anglophile bhee thaa, joe maanata thaa kii "puraane dost sabse achche they."isake parinamswarup unhone kaee videsh neeti key muddon parr ack kattar british samarthak drishtikon apanaaya, jisamen gibralter parr spen key daave aur uttari ireland key muddon parr britten key saath sanyukt rashtra mein matdan karna shamil haye. stevens ney kahaa kii spen kaa gibralter parr koee vaidh daavaa naheen thaa aur usake paas sanyukt rashtra mein siera leone kaa pratinidhimandal thaa. stevens ney siera leone key samvaidhaanik rajshahi seey raani elizabeth dwiteeya key saath siera leone kii raani key roop mein, binaa kissy rajshahi key sarkaar key ack ganarajya roop mein sankraman kaa nireekshan kiya. haalaanki, vaha poore samay "spasht roop seey british samarthak" they, aur mahaan britten yaa shaahi parivaar key prati kissy bhee prakaar kii dushmani seey prerit naheen they. naato aur paschim key virodh mein communist rashtron key saath sambandh banaane key bavjood, stevens ney kahaa kii africa key baahar, sanyukt raajya siera leone kaa sabse achchha aur sachcha dost banaa rahega. unhone kahaa kii unhein siera leone key itihas mein britten kii bhoomika parr garv haye, joe unakaa maanana haye kii jyaadaatar sakaratmak thee. unhone "football, ragbi, cricket, mukkebaji, juurii dwara pareekshan, bandee pratyaksheekaran aur sansadiya loktantra" koo rekhaankit kiya kyonki yeye sabhi cheejen siera leone koo britten seey viraasat mein millie theen jinhen vaha pasand karate they. stevens ney yeh bhee kahaa kii unhein ruskin college mein bhaag lene parr garv haye. unakaa madhya naam "probin" thaa aur unakaa naam british governor leslie probin key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa, jinhone 1904 seey 1910 taka siera leone koo shaasit kiya thaa. unhone kahaa kii "siera leone mein aupaniveshik shasson key anyaay aur naslavaad ney mujhe ack african rashtravadi banaane mein madad kii. main yeh una angrejon key prati shatruta kii bhavna seey naheen kahata jinhen main puraane dinon mein jaanata thaa, jinamen seey kaee kii main prashansa kartaa thaa, yahaan taka kii unase pyaar bhee kartaa thaa. way ack kathin kaam curr rahey they jise unhone ack rashtra key roop mein chunaa thaa, lekin harr mamle mein vyaktigat roop seey naheen. way una moolyon aur purvagrahon kii pranali mein bund they joe unhone prishthabhoomi aur paristhitiyon seey praapt kiye they, joe itihas kaa ack apariharya hissa they. main koee dosh naheen detaa."
sevaanivritti.
stevens 28 navambar 1985 koo apane karyakal key anta mein karyalaya seey sevaanivritt hue. anya sabhi sambhaavit uttaradhikariyon parr alag honey key liye dabaav daalane key baad, mejar-general joseph ney kahaa kii momoh ney ganarajya key nae rashtrapati key roop mein shapath lii thee. 29 maee 1988 koo freetown mein stevens kii mrityu hoe gaee.
aanshik roop seey stevens kii sattawadi jyadatiyon key kaaran, siera leone kaa vartamaan samvidhaan rashtrapati koo dou paanch saal key karyakal taka seemit kartaa haye, bhale hii way asafal houn.

