
bermi kapade

myanmar mein kapade myanmar (barma) key pratyek kshetra key logon kii jaatiyata, bhugol, jalavaayu aur saanskritik paramparaon key aadhar parr bhinn hotey hain. sabse vyaapak roop seey maanyata praapt bermi rashtriya poshak "longi" haye, jise rashtravyapi roop seey purush aur mahila donon dwara pahana jaataa haye. bermi kapadon mein makhmal, resham, feeta, malmal aur sooti sahit vastra, bunai, reshe, rung aur samagri key mamle mein bhee bahut vividhata haye.
itihas.
poorv-aupaniveshik yug.
moortipoojak yug.
moortipoojak rajvansh key dauran, jabaki kapas sabse adhik upayog kii jaane vaali kapada samagri thee, anya aayatit vastra jaise resham, saatan aur makhmali kaa bhee bermi kapadon mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa. padosi samajon key saath vyaapaar payu yug kaa rhaa haye, aur nishchit roop seey bhautik sanskriti koo samriddh kiya haye, jisamen anushthaan aur poshak key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale aayatit vastron kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. udaaharan key liye, narthihapet key shasankal key dauran nirmit minglajedi pagoda mein saatan aur makhmali kapadon kii pratishthit vastuein hain, jinka sthaaniya roop seey utpaadan naheen kiya jaataa thaa.
moortipoojak yug key raajaon aur rajkumaron ney oopari vastron key roop mein "wutlon" (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> iss beach kuleen mahilaaen ack rasayan parr "yinsi" (<unk>) naamak strapless bodis pahanati theen, dheele jackett aur shareer key vastron koo apanaane seey pahale, jisamen lambi saadi jaise vastra aur baggy patloon shamil they, joe baad mein moortipoojak kaal mein mudra praapt curr gaye. soney aur chaandi kii kadhaai key pattern key upayog seey saapeksh samajik rank koo pratishthit kiya gayaa thaa; uchch gunavatta vaali poshak aur pushp design uchch varg aur shaasak varg dwara pahane jaate they.
konbang yug.
poorv-aupaniveshik bermi raajyon mein poshak jeevan kaa ack pramukh saanskritik pahalu thaa. videshi yaatriyon ney harr ghar mein ack karagh kii upasthiti kii soochana dee, jisase harr mahila apane parivaar key rosemarra key kapade bunn sakati haye. 19veen shatabdi key anta mein konbang raajya mein tainaat ack italvi pujari, vincenzo sangermano ney dekhaa kii sthaaniya loga "apani poshak mein shandar aur asadharan they."ladkiyon key liye kaana-boaring samaroh ack pramukh sanskar thaa. sthaaniya loga soney aur chaandi seey khud koo sajaate they, jisamen keemati pattharon, haar, kangan aur payal key saath angoothiyan shamil theen. inn sahayak samagriyon key saath paaramparik poshak thee, jisamen purushon key liye sarong jaisi lapet-"passo" yaa mahilaaon key liye "hatamen" shamil thaa-donon hii sooti yaa resham seey baney they. lakadi yaa chamade kii sandle joote key roop mein pahani jaati theen. pagoda aur anya mahatvapurna karyakramon key daure key liye purush aur mahilaaen samaan roop seey apani behtareen poshak pahane hue, jisamen alankrit jackett bhee shamil hain.
yazagging" naamak samchyuri kaanoon konbang raajya mein bermi praja key liye bhautik upbhog koo nirdhaarit karate hain, kissy key ghar kii shally seey laker kissy kii samajik sthiti key liye upayukt kapadon taka, antim sanskar samarohon seey sambandhit niyamon aur taaboot seey laker pada aur samajik sthiti key aadhar parr vibhinn bhaashan roopon key upayog key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. vishesh roop seey, shaahi rajdhani mein raashi sambandhi kaanoon atyadhik sakht aur charitra mein sabse vistrit they. samajik padanukram koo majboot karane key saadhan key roop mein poshak aur alankaran koo niyantrit karane vaale sumptury niyamon koo saavdhaanipoorvak dekhaa gayaa.
morr key prateek chinh key saath design shaahi parivaar key liye sakhti seey aarakshit they aur lambi poonchh vaale koolhe kii lambai vaale "htengmathin" jackett aur sarkot adhikaariyon key liye aarakshit they. dhaatu key dhaage, sequin aur kadhaai vaale kapade shaahi, uchch padasth adhikaariyon aur sahayak rajkumaron ("araba") taka seemit they. makhmali sandle koo kewal shaahi parivaar key sadasyon aur mantriyon kii patniyon dwara pahanane kii anumati thee. ratnon aur keemati pattharon key saath sajawat koo isi tarah viniyamit kiya gayaa thaa. hinthpad" (), sinabar seey baney sindur rung kaa upayog bhee viniyamit kiya gayaa thaa.
aupaniveshik yug.
aupaniveshik shasson kii shuruat ney raashi sambandhi kaanoonon koo samaapt curr diyaa. padosi francisi indochina key vipareet, bermi rajshahi koo poori tarah seey dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisase bhautik sanskriti, sansthanon aur paramparaon key raajya prayojan key liye tatkaal shoonya paida hoe gayaa thaa. aupaniveshik yug ney gair-aristavadi "nauveu ritch" bermi logon kii ack lahar kii shuruat kii, jinhone poorv-aupaniveshik samay key abhijaat varg kii shailiyon aur veshbhusha koo apanaane kii maang kii.
british aupaniveshik yug key dauran, kapadon ney bermi jeevan mein upanivesh virodhi bhavna kii abhivyakti key roop mein nayaa arth praapt kiya. bermi rashtravadiyon ney paaramparik kapadon koo jodaa, vishesh roop seey "yaav longi" (), yaav kshetra seey ack prakaar kaa longi, aur "pinni taikpon" (), ack phone-rangeen collerless jackett, upaniveshvaad virodhi aur rashtravadi bhavna key saath; bermi joe iss visheshta vaale poshak koo pahanate they, unhein british pulis dwara giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. paaramparik" kapadon koo pahanane koo abb bermi logon key beach nishkriya upaniveshvaad virodhi pratirodh key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa. gaandhi key swadeshi andolan seey prerit, bermi rashtravadiyon ney sthaaniya roop seey utpaadit kapadon kii khapat koo badhaava dene key liye kapadon sahit aayatit vastuon kaa bahishkaar karane key abhiyaan bhee chalaae.
aupaniveshik yug key dauran kapadon kii shailiyaan bhee vikasit huin; badee matra mein "taungshe" "passo" aur "hatamen" apani train key saath, ack saral "longi" key paksh mein chhod diyaa gayaa thaa joe pahanane key liye adhik suvidhajanak thaa. maadaa sarong ("hatamen") chhoti hoe gaee, joe abb pairon taka naheen, balki takhnon taka faili hui thee, aur sarong kii sheersh patti kii lambai cumm hoe gaee taaki adhik cummer rekha prakat hoe sakey. iss avadhi mein mahilaaon key liye ack sarasar malmal blouse kii shuruat bhee hui, jisamen "zaabali" () naamak ack corset jaise feeta bodis kaa khulasa huaa. british shasson ney baalon key fashion aur kapadon koo bhee prabhaavit kiya. paschimi sahayak upkaran jaise belt aur chamade key joote aamtaur parr "paaramparik" poshak key saath pahane jaate they. chhote baal, jinhen "bow key" () kahaa jaataa haye, ney bermi purushon key beach maanak key roop mein lambe baalon koo badal diyaa. isi tarah, mahilaaon ney paaramparik baal bunn () key saath, sheersh parr ghumaavdaar crested bangs seey yukt "amauk" () jaise keshvinyas pahanana shuru curr diyaa. paaramparik bermi taitu banaane kii pratha kii lokpriyata mein bhee isi tarah girawat aaee.
aadhunik yug.
swatantrata kii shuruat ney bermi rashtriya pehchaan mein kapadon kii kendriya bhoomika koo majboot kiya. jabaki anya dakshin poorv asiai rashtron ney apane nagrikon key liye pasandida kapadon key vikalpon koo "aadhunik" banaane kii maang kii (jaise.jee.saanskritik janadesh key saath, yaa indoneshiya, purushon key liye "sarong" parr utsaahjanak patloon key saath), lagaatar bermi sarkaaron ney purushon aur mahilaaon donon dwara dainik pahanane key roop mein "longi" key nirantar upayog koo protsaahit kiya haye. 1951 mein aul-barma bhaaratiya saanskritik sammelan mein ack bhaashan mein, bermi pradhaan mantri yuu nue ney poshak koo ack rashtra key mukhya vishisht markers mein seey ack key roop mein pahachaana, yeh dekhate hue kii rashtriya poshak "chawal yaa rashtriya sanskriti key vishisht nishan koo apane saath rakhti haye joe isaki reedh haye."samaajvaad key liye bermi tareeke ney paschimi kapadon key paksh mein paaramparik poshak pahanane key abhyaas koo majboot karna jaari rakhaa.
rashtriya veshbhusha.
"longi".
mayanmar kii rashtriya poshak "longi" (,) haye, joe purushon aur mahilaaon donon dwara pahani jaane vaali ack takhane kii lambai vaali rappround scurt haye. apane aadhunik roop mein "longi" koo british aupaniveshik kaal key dauran lokpriya banaaya gayaa thaa, joe purushon dwara pahane jaane vaale paaramparik "passo" aur poorv-aupaniveshik samay mein mahilaaon dwara pahane jaane vaale "hatamen" kii jagah letaa thaa.
poorv-aupaniveshik "hatamen" mein "yatina" (honey) naamak ack vyaapak train haye aur ise kewal aadhunik samay mein shaadi kii poshak yaa nritya poshak key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. isi tarah, poorv-aupaniveshik "passo" aamtaur parr kewal munch pradarshanon key dauran pahana jaataa haye, jisamen nritya aur "kissy bhee tarah key" pradarshan key saath-saath shaadi yaa uchch samajik karyakram shamil hain.
"akhek" vastra.
swadeshi bermi kapada pattern, jise "akhek" (;) yaa "luntaya akhek" (lunteya) kahaa jaataa haye, mein kshaitij dhaariyon key baind key saath jatil tarangen hain, jinhen arabi designs seey sajaaya gayaa haye. "luntaya" (;), jiska shaabdik arth haye "sou shuttle", iss pattern koo bunai kii samay lene vaali, mahangi aur jatil prakriya koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, jisake liye 50 seey 200 vyaktigat shuttle kaa upayog karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, pratyek ghaav resham key alag rung key saath. bunai shram-gahan haye, jisamen cumm seey cumm dou bunkaron koo aapas mein buney hue tarang jaise pattern koo praapt karane key liye shuttle mein herfer karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye.
akhek kaa upayog aamtaur parr purush "passo" yaa mahila "hatamen" key liye ack vastra key roop mein kiya jaataa haye."" "achique" "mein upayog kiye jaane vaale rung pattikaon mein ack chamakdaar" "trompey-ell 'ill" "prabhaav banaane key liye ack samaan rung seema mein vipareet rangon kii ack bolled sarani shamil hoti haye. purushon key liye designs mein saral zig-zaig, cable aur interlocking lapet rupankanon kii suvidha hoti haye, jabaki mahilaaon key liye way pushp rupankanon yaa lataon jaise arabi sajawat key saath lahardaar laharon koo aapas mein jodate hain.
amarpura aur woondwin key shahar paaramparik "akhek" bunai key pramukh gharelu kendra baney hue hain, halanki haal key varshon mein, chean aur bhaarat seey saste karkhane-utpaadit nakalon ney myanmar key paaramparik kuteer udyog koo kaafee baadhit kiya haye.
"achek" bunai kii utpatti pahodaavagi pagoda key paas amarpura mein hoti haye. acheik" naam usa chauthai key naam seey vyutpann hoe sakata haye jisamen bunkar rahate they, "latech" pankti (<unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> <unk> ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
jabaki kuchh sroton kaa daavaa haye kii 1700 key dashak key anta mein manipuri bunkaron dwara "akhek" pattern pesh kiya gayaa thaa, koee tulaniya manipuri vastra naheen hain joe "akhek" seey milate-julate hain. tarang jaise pattern vaastav mein navpashan rupankanon aur praakritik ghatnaaon (i.ee., laharen, baadal, swadeshi vanaspatiyaan aur jeev). "akhek"-prakaar key design payu shahar key raajyon (400-900 ce) key mitty key bartanon key saath-saath bagan samrajya yug (1000-1200 ce) key mandir bhitti chitron mein paae jaate hain. bermi shaahi darbar koo diye gaye sahayak uphaaron ney bhee prerana kaa ack atirikt srot pradaan kiya hoga. konbang rajvansh key dauran kapada lokpriya hoe gayaa, jisake dauran sumptury kaanoon viniyamit kiye gaye kii kaun "akhek" kapade pahan sakata thaa. akhek" pattern vishesh roop seey shaahi darbar key sadasyon, adhikaariyon aur unake parivaar dwara pahana jaataa thaa.
"taikpon" jackett.
vyaapaar aur aupchaarik avsaron key liye, baamar purush ack manderine collar shirt parr "taikpon eengayi" (,) naamak ack manchu cheeni jackett pahanate hain. yeh poshak aupaniveshik yug key dauran lokpriya hui thee.
mahila "eengayi".
bermi mahilaaen "eengayi" () naamak blouse pahanati hain. eengayi" kii dou prachalit shailiyaan hainh "yinzi" () saamane button vaalaa, yaa "yinbone" (), buggle mein button vaalaa. aupchaarik aur dhaarmik avsaron key liye, bermi mahilaaen aamtaur parr ack shaul pahanati hain.
"htingmathein" jackett.
mahilaaon key liye mayanmar kii rashtriya poshak kii sabse aupchaarik prastuti mein ack button rahit tanga-fitting hip-lambai jackett shamil haye jise "htengmathen" (,) kahaa jaataa haye, kabhi-kabhi flared bottom aur kadhaai vaale sequin key saath. "bermes mein "htingmathein" kaa shaabdik arth haye "baithe hue ikattha naheen hotaa haye", iss tathya kaa ullekh karate hue kii tanga-fitting jackett baithane parr khurdara naheen hotaa haye. yeh jackett konbang rajvansh aur aadhunik uchch vargon key dauran kuleen vargon key beach lokpriya thee, aur abb aamtaur parr mahilaaon dwara shaadi kii poshak key roop mein, yaa paaramparik nritya poshak key saath-saath kabhi-kabhi uchch samajik karyakramon key roop mein pahani jaati haye. htingmathen" koo "yinkhan" (,) naamak ack bodis parr pahana jaataa haye. aitihaasik roop seey, "htingmathein" mein donon taraf latkan vaale upaangon kii ack jodee bhee thee jise "kalaano" () kahaa jaataa thaa.
gaungbang.
purushon key liye bermi rashtriya poshak mein "gaung baung" (,) naamak ack rumal shamil haye, jise aupchaarik karyon key liye pahana jaataa haye. aupaniveshik yug key dauran, "gaung baung" koo aupchaarik poshak key ack lekh key roop mein suvyavasthit kiya gayaa thaa. aadhunik bermi "gaung baung" kaa design 1900 key dashak key madhya mein ubhara aur ise "maung kayetthay" () kahaa jaataa haye. yeh ack taiyar "gaung baung" haye joe ack rattan frame mein lipate kapade seey banaa haye aur ise topi kii tarah pahana jaa sakata haye.
aupchaarik joote.
donon ling makhmali sandle pahanate hain jinhen "gadiba fanat" (jise "mandale fanat" bhee kahaa jaataa haye) aupchaarik joote key roop mein kahaa jaataa haye.
kshetriya veshbhusha.
myanmar key vibhinn jaatiya samoohon mein alag-alag kapade aur kapada paramparaaen hain. adhikansh bermi jaatiya samoohon mein jaatiya veshbhusha mein aam taur parr vibhinn pattern yaa vastron kaa upayog karate hue sarong jaise "longi" hotey hain.
chinn loga.
chinn loga jaatiya samoohon kaa ack visham sangrah hain joe aam taur parr paschimi mayanmar mein rahate hain aur sambandhit kuki-chinn bhaashaaen bolate hain. thhodi kii mahilaaen aam taur parr dhaatu belt jaise sahayak upkaranon key alawa vibhinn kapadon aur saamane seey kholane vaale blouse kaa upayog karke takhane kii lambai vaale "longius" pahanati hain. thhodi vaale purush aam taur parr shirt aur patloon pahanate hain, jiss parr paaramparik poshak key roop mein kambal jaisi lapet pahani jaati haye.
kachin loga.
kachin loga jaatiya samoohon kaa ack visham sangrah hain joe uttari mayanmar (kachin raajya) mein rahate hain, jisamen pratyek jaatiya samooh key paas paaramparik poshak kii apani vividhata hoti haye. aam taur parr, kachin purush aur mahilaaen haath seey buney hue kachin vastron seey judey jyaamitiya yaa checkered pattern vaale longoy pahanate hain. jingfau mahilaaen apane blouse parr chaandi key sikkon seey jadey dhaatu key shaul seey bhee khud koo sajaati hain.
keren loga.
curran loga jaatiya samoohon kaa ack visham sangrah hain joe purvi mayanmar (kayin raajya aur mone raajya) aur irawadi delta mein rahate hain. paaramparik poshak key liye, carren purush paaramparik roop seey sir key daahine taraf dheele latakate hue tussel key saath sir key kapade pahanate hain, saath hii saath "longis" parr binaa baju key angarkhe pahanate hain. carren mahilaaen lambe angarkhe aur "longyis" mein kapade pahanati hain, jinake sir parr donon chhor saamane seey latakate hain. keren "longius" mein beach mein ack samanantar patti key saath kshaitij pattiyan hoti hain. 
kayah loga.
donon lingon key karenni loga (jinhen kayah key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) shirastraan pahanate hain; kayah mahilaaen laal shirastraan pahanati hain, jabaki kayah purush safed shirastraan pahanate hain. kayah mahilaaen binaa baju key blouse parr laal vastra aur laal yaa kaale rung key "longi" bhee pahanati hain. keren purush baggy patloon yaa "longius" pahanate hain, aur vishesh avsaron parr chaandi kii khanjar key saath accessorize curr sakate hain.
mone loga.
mone mahilaaen paaramparik roop seey "yaat toot" naamak ack shaul pahanati hain, jise chhaati key oopar tirchhe roop seey lapeta jaataa haye aur ack chhor peeth key peechhe girata haye. dwarawati yug (mone logon key pratyaksh poorvaj) key puraataatvik sakshya mahilaaon koo apane kandhe seey latakati hui ack samaan shaul pahane hue chitrit karate hain. mone purush paaramparik roop seey laal-check vaali "longi", collerless shirt aur baamar purushon key samaan paaramparik jackett pahanate hain. mone mahilaaen paaramparik roop seey apane baalon koo ack bunn mein pahanati hain, joe ack kanghi key chaaron or lipate hotey hain.
rakheen loga.
donon lingon key rakheen (arakani) loga paaramparik roop seey "longi" pahanate hain. paaramparik poshak key roop mein, rakheen purush bhee baamar purushon key samaan collerless shirt aur "taikpon" jackett pahanate hain, aur "gaung baung" naamak rumal, jisamen atirikt kapada baain or dhakaa hotaa haye. rakheen mahilaaen ack "htingmathein" jackett parr blouse pahanati hain, jiss parr ack shaul tirchhe roop seey lipate hotey hain, ack kandhe seey gujarate hain.
shaan loga.
shaan logon kii paaramparik poshak vibhinn sthaanon mein bhinn hoti haye. aam taur parr, shaan purush machuaare kii paint key samaan baggy khaaki patloon aur ack sir parr lapetkar pahanate hain. shaan mahilaaen apane grihnagar seey judey kadhaai vaale design aur vastron key saath "longoy" pahanati hain.