sthir samasthaanik vishleshan key liye sandarbh samagri

samasthaanik sandarbh samagri achchi tarah seey paribhaashit samasthaanik sanrachanaon key saath yaugik (thhos, taral, gais) hain aur samasthaanik anupaat key dravyamaan varnakramiya maap mein sateekta key antim srot hain. samasthaanik sandarbhon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye kyonki dravyamaan spectrometer atyadhik bhinn hotey hain. parinamswarup, samasthaanik anupaat joe upkaran key maap namoone key maap seey bahut alag hoe sakate hain. isake alawa, maap key dauran upkaran key ansh kii degree badalati haye, aksar maap kii avadhi seey cumm samay parr, aur namoone kii visheshtaon parr nirbhar curr sakati haye. gyaat samasthaanik sanrachana kii samagri koo mapkar, dravyamaan spectrometer key bheetar ansh koo maapan key baad key detta prasanskaran key dauran hataaya jaa sakata haye. samasthaanik sandarbhon key binaa, dravyamaan varnakramiya dwara maap bahut cumm sateek hoga aur vibhinn vishleshanatmak suvidhaon mein tulanaa mein upayog naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa. samasthaanik anupaat koo maapane mein unaki mahatvapurna bhoomika key kaaran, aur aanshik roop seey, aitihaasik viraasat key kaaran, samasthaanik sandarbh samagri una taraju koo paribhaashit karati haye jinn parr samasthaanik anupaat sahakarmi-sameeksha vaigyaanik saahitya mein bataae jaate hain.
isotope sandarbh samagri antarrashtriya paramanu oorjaa agency (aaee. aeye. ee. aeye.), rashtriya maanak aur praudyogiki sansthaan (aine. aaee. aiss. tii.), sanyukt raajya bhoovaigyaanik sarvekshan (yuu. aiss. jee. aiss.), sandarbh samagri aur maap sansthaan (aaee. aar. aim. aim.), aur vibhinn vishvavidyalayon aur vaigyaanik aapoorti companiyon dwara utpann, banaae rakhaa aur becha jaataa haye. pratyek pramukh sthir samasthaanik pranali (hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen aur sulfur) mein vibhinn prakaar key sandarbh hain joe vishisht aanvik sanrachanaon koo shamil karate hain. udaaharan key liye, nitrogen samasthaanik sandarbh samagri mein aine-assar vaale anu jaise amonia (aine. aich. 3), vayumandaliya dynitrogen (aine. 2), aur nitrate (aine. 3−) shamil hain. samasthaanik prachurta aamtaur parr δ sanketan kaa upayog karke report kii jaati haye, joe ack sandarbh samagri mein samaan anupaat key saapeksh ack namoone mein dou samsthaanikon (r) kaa anupaat haye, joe aksar prati millie (Â) (neeche sameekaran) mein report kiya jaataa haye. sandarbh samagri samasthaanik rachanaon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala mein faili hui haye, jisamen samvardhan (sakaratmak δ) aur hraas (nakaratmak δ) shamil hain. jabaki sandarbhon key δ maan vyaapak roop seey upalabdh hain, inn samagriyon mein nirpeksh samasthaanik anupaat (aar) key anuman shayed hii kabhi bataae jaate hain. yeh lekh samanya aur gair-paaramparik sthir samasthaanik sandarbh samagri key δ aur r moolyon koo ekatrit kartaa haye.
sootra _ 1
samanya sandarbh samagri.
samanya sandarbh samagri key δ maan aur nirpeksh samasthaanik anupaat koo talika 1 mein sankshep mein prastut kiya gayaa haye aur neeche adhik vistaar seey varnit kiya gayaa haye. sandarbh samagri key nirpeksh samasthaanik anupaat key liye vaikalpik moolya, joe talika 1 mein kewal mamuli roop seey bhinn hain, koo talika 2.5 key sharp (2007) (ack paath joe swatantra roop seey online upalabdh haye) key saath-saath samasthaanik sandarbh samagri parr 1993 kii aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. report kii talika 1 mein prastut kiya gayaa haye. sandarbh samagri kii ack vistrit soochi key liye, sharp (2007) key parishisht i, grunning (2004) kii talika 40.1, yaa antarrashtriya paramanu oorjaa agency kii website dekhein. dhyaan dein kii vienna pee dee bellemanite (vee. pee. dee. bee.) kaa 13see/12see. anupaat aur vienna canyon diablo troilite (vee. see. dee. tii.) kaa kaa. anupaat vishuddh roop seey ganitiya nirmaan hain; naa tou samagri ack bhautik namoone key roop mein maujood thee jise maapa jaa sakata thaa. 
talika 1 mein, "naam" sandarbh key samanya naam koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, "samagri" apana rasayanik sootra aur charan detaa haye, "anupaat kaa prakaar" "samasthaanik anupaat mein report kiya gayaa haye", "δ" ingit sandarbh frame key saath samagri kaa δ moolya haye, "prakaar" granning (2004) (neeche charcha kii gaee) key sanketan kaa upayog karke samagri kii shreni haye, "uddharan" lekh (oun) koo samasthaanik prachurta kii soochana detaa haye jiss parr samasthaanik anupaat adharit haye, aur "notes" nott hain. report kiye gaye samasthaanik anupaat poorna dravyamaan ansh key vyaktigat vishleshanon key parinamon koo darshaate hain, joe meja aur anya mein ekatrit hain."(2016) aur diye gaye anupaat taka pahunchane key liye herfer kiya gayaa. truti kii ganana aanshik report kii gaee trutiyon key vargon key yog key vargamool key roop mein kii gaee thee, joe maanak truti prasaar key anuroop haye, lekin maadhyamik ganana key madhyam seey pahunche anupaat key liye prachaarit naheen kiya jaataa haye.
sandarbh shabdawali.
samasthaanik sandarbh samagri kii shabdawali samasthaanik bhoo-rasayan key upkshetron mein yaa vyaktigat prayogshalaon key beach bhee lagaatar lagu naheen kii jaati haye. neeche paribhaashit shabdawali grunning "aitt all" seey aatee haye."(1999) aur grunning (2004). sandarbh samagri kaee alag-alag prakaar key maap mein sateekta kaa aadhar haye, naa kewal maas spectrometry, aur sandarbh samagri key pramanan aur pareekshan seey sambandhit saahitya kaa ack badaa hissa haye.
praathamik sandarbh samagri.
praathamik sandarbh samagri una taraju koo paribhaashit karati haye jinn parr samasthaanik anupaat kii soochana dee jaati haye. iska matlab ack aisee samagri hoe sakati haye joe aitihaasik roop seey ack samasthaanik paimaane koo paribhaashit karati haye, jaise kii hydrogen samsthaanikon key liye vienna maanak ausat mahasagar jall (banaam aim. oh. doubleu.), bhale hii vaha samagri vartamaan mein upayog mein naa hoe. vaikalpik roop seey, iska arth ack aisee samagri hoe sakati haye joe kewal saiddhaantik roop seey maujood thee, lekin iska upayog ack samasthaanik paimaane koo paribhaashit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii sulfur samasthaanik anupaat key liye vcdt.
anshankan samagri.
anshankan samagri aise yaugik hain jinaki samasthaanik sanrachana praathamik sandarbh samagri key saapeksh bahut achchi tarah seey jaani jaati haye yaa joe praathamik sandarbh samagri kii samasthaanik sanrachana koo paribhaashit karati haye, lekin samasthaanik anupaat naheen hain jinake liye vaigyaanik saahitya mein detta kii soochana dee jaati haye. udaaharan key liye, anshankan samagri iaea-s-1 sulfur key liye samasthaanik paimaane koo paribhaashit karati haye, lekin maap vcdt key saapeksh bataae jaate hain, iaea-s-1 key saapeksh naheen. anshankan samagri praathamik sandarbh samagri key kaary koo puuraa karati haye jaba praathamik sandarbh samaapt hoe jaataa haye, anupalabdh hotaa haye, yaa bhautik roop mein kabhi maujood naheen hotaa haye.
sandarbh samagri.
sandarbh samagri aise yaugik hain jinhen praathamik sandarbh yaa anshankan samagri key khilaf saavdhaanipoorvak anshankan kiya jaataa haye. yeye yaugik rasayanik yaa samasthaanik sanrachana mein bhinn samagri key samasthaanik vishleshan key liye anumati dete hain joe samasthaanik taraju koo paribhaashit karane vaale yaugikon seey bhinn hotey hain jinn parr maap kii soochana dee jaati haye. samanya taur parr yeye way samagri hain jinka adhikansh shodhkartaon kaa matlab haye jaba way "sandarbh samagri" kahate hain. sandarbh samagri kaa ack udaaharan yuu. aiss. jee.-34 haye, joe-1.8 banaam key δ15n key saath ack nau 3 namak haye. havaa. iss mamle mein sandarbh samagri kaa δ15n key moolya parr parasparik roop seey sahamati haye jaba vayumandaliya n2 (böhlke "et al key praathamik sandarbh key saapeksh maapa jaataa haye., 2003). yuu. aiss. jee.-34 upayogi haye kyonki yeh shodhkartaon koo maanak key khilaf praakritik namoonon mein 15n/14n-koo seedhe maapane aur pahale namoone koo n2 gais mein parivartit kiye binaa n2 key saapeksh tippaniyon kii report karane kii anumati detaa haye.
kaary maanak.
praathamik, anshankan aur sandarbh samagri kewal cumm matra mein upalabdh hain aur khareed aksar harr kuchh varshon mein ack baar taka seemit hoti haye. vishisht samasthaanik pranaliyon aur upkaran key aadhar parr, upalabdh sandarbh samagri kii kamee dainik upkaran anshankan key liye yaa badee sankhya mein praakritik namoonon mein samasthaanik anupaat koo maapane kaa prayaas karane vaale shodhkartaon key liye samasyagrast hoe sakati haye. praathamik samagri yaa sandarbh samagri kaa upayog karane key bajaay, ack prayogshala joe sthir samasthaanik anupaat koo maapati haye, aam taur parr praasangik sandarbh samagri kii ack chhoti matra khareedegi aur sandarbh key khilaf ack aantarik samagri key samasthaanik anupaat koo maapegi, jisase usa samagri koo usa vishleshanatmak suvidha key liye ack kaary maanak mein vishisht banaa diyaa jaayega. ack baar jaba iss prayogshala-vishisht kaary maanak koo antarrashtriya paimaane parr calibrate kiya jaataa haye tou maanak kaa upayog agyaat namoonon kii samasthaanik sanrachana koo maapane key liye kiya jaataa haye. ack teesari samagri (jise aamtaur parr kaaryasheel gais yaa sthanantaran gais kahaa jaataa haye) key khilaf namuna aur kaary maanak donon key maap key baad darj samasthaanik vitaran koo ganitiya roop seey antarrashtriya paimaane parr vaapas sahee kiya jaataa haye. iss prakaar uchch sateekta aur sateekta key saath kaary maanak kii samasthaanik sanrachana koo maapana mahatvapurna haye (saath hii upkaran kii sateekta aur kharidi gaee sandarbh samagri kii sateekta koo dekhate hue) kyonki kaary maanak adhikansh dravyamaan varnakramiya tippaniyon kii sateekta key liye antim aadhar banaata haye. sandarbh samagri key vipareet, kaary manakon koo aam taur parr kaee vishleshanatmak suvidhaon mein calibrate naheen kiya jaataa haye aur dee gaee prayogshala mein maapa gayaa sweekrit δ moolya ack ekal upkaran key liye vishisht purvagrah koo pratibimbit curr sakata haye. haalaanki, ack ekal vishleshanatmak suvidha key bheetar iss purvagrah koo detta mein kamee key dauran hataaya jaa sakata haye. kyonki pratyek prayogshala advitiya kaary manakon koo paribhaashit karati haye, praathamik, anshankan aur sandarbh samagri lambe samay taka chalati haye, jabaki yeh sunishchit karati haye kii agyaat namoonon kii samasthaanik sanrachana kii tulanaa sabhi prayogshalaon mein kii jaa sakati haye.
samasthaanik sandarbh samagri.
paaramparik samasthaanik pranaaliyan.
samasthaanik sandarbhon key roop mein upayog kiye jaane vaale yaugikon kaa apekshaakrit jatil itihas haye. hydrogen, carbon, oxygen aur sulfur sthir samasthaanik pranaliyon key liye sandarbh samagri key vyaapak vikas koo chitra 1 mein dikhaaya gayaa haye. laal paath key saath samagri vaigyaanik prakashanon mein aamtaur parr report kiye gaye praathamik sandarbh koo paribhaashit karati haye aur neele paath key saath samagri way hain joe vyaavsaayik roop seey upalabdh hain. hydrogen, carbon aur oxygen samasthaanik taraju koo dou lunger sandarbh samagri key saath paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. hydrogen key liye aadhunik paimaane koo banaam 2 aur slap 2 dwara paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, aur banaam 2 key saapeksh bataaya gayaa haye. carbon key liye paimaane koo prayogshala kii umr key aadhar parr yaa tou aine. bee. aiss.-19 yaa aaee. aeye. ee. aeye.-603 dwara paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye, saath hii ell. aiss. vee. see., aur vee. pee. dee. bee. key saapeksh bataaya jaataa haye. oxygen samasthaanik anupaat koo yaa tou banaam vaashp yaa vee. pee. dee. bee. taraju key saapeksh bataaya jaa sakata haye. sulfur aur nitrogen key liye samasthaanik taraju donon koo kewal ack lunger sandarbh samagri key liye paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. sulfur key liye paimaane koo aaee. aeye. aeye.-aiss.-1 dwara paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye aur yeh vee. see. dee. tii. key saapeksh bataaya jaataa haye, jabaki nitrogen key liye paimaane koo havaa key saapeksh paribhaashit aur report kiya jaataa haye.
hydrogen.
maanak ausat mahasagar jall (smove) kaa samasthaanik sandarbh frame 1961 mein harmon kregg dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jise pahale appstein aur mayeda (1953) dwara adhyayan kiye gaye gahare mahasagar key paani key namoonon mein δ2h aur δ18o koo mapkar sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. mool roop seey smo ack vishuddh roop seey saiddhaantik samasthaanik anupaat thaa jiska uddeshya gahare mahasagar kii ausat sthiti kaa pratinidhitva karna thaa. praarambhik kaary mein gahare mahasagar key paani key samasthaanik anupaat koo aine. bee. aiss.-1 key saapeksh maapa gayaa thaa, joe potomac nadee key paani key bhaap sanghanan seey praapt ack maanak haye. vishesh roop seey, iska matlab haye kii smo koo mool roop seey aine. bee. aiss.-1 key saapeksh paribhaashit kiya gayaa thaa, aur koee bhautik smo samadhan naheen thaa. 1966 mein ack aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. salaahkaar samooh kii baithak kii salah key baad, ray vees aur harman kregg ney smo key samasthaanik moolyon key saath ack vaastavik samadhan banaaya jise way vienna maanak ausat mahasagar jall (banaam aim. oh. doubleu.) kahate hain. unhone amundsen-scott dakshin dhruv station parr ekatra kii gaee furn seey ack doosari hydrogen samasthaanik sandarbh samagri bhee taiyar kii, jise shuru mein burf kahaa jaataa thaa aur baad mein ise maanak prakaash antarctic varsha (slap) kahaa jaataa thaa. donon banaam moe aur thappad 1968 mein shuru hue they. thappad aur aine. bee. aiss.-1 kii samasthaanik visheshtaon kaa mulyankan baad mein banaam moe (gonfiantini, 1978) key khilaf maap key madhyam seey antar-prayogshala tulanaa dwara kiya gayaa thaa. baad mein, kaee dashakon taka hydrogen samasthaanik pranali key liye praathamik samasthaanik sandarbh samagri key roop mein banaam thappad aur thappad kaa upayog kiya gayaa. 2006 mein aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. isotope hydrology prayogshala ney lagbhag samaan δ2h aur δ18o key saath banaam δ2h aur δ18o naamak naee isotopic sandarbh samagri kaa nirmaan kiya. hydrogen samasthaanik kaary manakon koo vartamaan mein banaam mow2 aur aur key khilaf calibrate kiya jaataa haye, lekin abhee bhee banaam mow aur banaam mow key saapeksh slap dwara paribhaashit paimaane parr report kiya jaataa haye. isake alawa, greenland burf kii chaadar kii varsha (jee. aiss. pee.) δ2h koo kaee prayogshalaon mein uchch sateekta key liye maapa gayaa haye, lekin vibhinn vishleshanatmak suvidhaaen moolya parr asahmat hain. inn tippaniyon seey pataa chalata haye kii alikoting yaa bhandaran key dauran jeesp koo anshit kiya gayaa hoe sakata haye, jiska arth haye kii sandarbh samagri kaa upayog savdhani key saath kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
carbon.
mool carbon samasthaanik sandarbh samagri dakshin carolina mein peedi gathan seey ack belemanite jeevaashm thaa, jise pee dee belemanite (pee. dee. bee.) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. iss pee. dee. bee. maanak kaa teji seey sevan kiya gayaa aur baad mein shodhkartaon ney pee. dee. bee. II aur pee. dee. bee. III jaise pratisthaapan manakon kaa upayog kiya. carbon isotope sandarbh frame koo baad mein vienna mein vienna pee dee bellemanite (vee. pee. dee. bee.) naamak ack kaalpanik samagri key khilaf sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. mool smo key saath, vee. pee. dee. bee. kabhi bhee bhautik samadhan yaa thhos key roop mein maujood naheen thaa. maap banaane key liye shodhkarta sandarbh samagri kaa upayog karate hain, jise bolchal kii bhasha mein shauchalaya seat choona patthar key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen kaalpanik vee. pee. dee. bee. key saapeksh ack samasthaanik anupaat paribhaashit haye. aine. bee. aiss.-19 kii sateek utpatti agyaat haye lekin yeh ack safed sangamarmar kaa slab thaa aur iska anaaj kaa aakar 200-300 micrometer haye. carbon samasthaanik maap kii sateekta mein sudhaar key liye, 2006 mein δ13c paimaane koo ack-bindu anshankan seey aine. bee. aiss.-19 key khilaf dou bindu-anshankan mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. naee pranali mein vee. pee. dee. bee. paimaane koo ell. aiss. vee. see. see sandarbh samagri aur aine. bee. bee.-19 choona patthar (coplane "aitt all.", 2006a; coplane" aur anya., 2006bee). abb aine. bee. aiss.-19 bhee samaapt hoe gayaa haye aur ise aaee. aeye. ee. aeye.-603 seey badal diyaa gayaa haye.
oxygen.
oxygen samasthaanik anupaat kii tulanaa aamtaur parr banaam paav aur vee. pee. dee. bee. sandarbh donon seey kii jaati haye. paaramparik roop seey paani mein oxygen banaam ghaas key saapeksh bataaya jaataa haye jabaki carbonate chattanon yaa anya bhoovaigyaanik abhilekhagar seey mukt oxygen vee. pee. dee. bee. key saapeksh bataaya jaataa haye. hydrogen key mamle mein, oxygen samasthaanik paimaane koo dou samagriyon, banaam mow2 aur aur dwara paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye. vsmow koo nimnalikhit sameekaran key madhyam seey vpdb sandarbh frame mein parivartit kiya jaa sakata haih δ18ovpdb = 0.97001 * δ18ovsmow-29.99 Â (brand "aitt all., 2014).
nitrogen.
nitrogen gais gais vayumandal kaa 78 pratishat hissa banaati haye aur cumm samay mein bahut achchi tarah seey mishrit hoti haye, jisake parinamswarup ack samroop samasthaanik vitaran ack sandarbh samagri key roop mein upayog key liye aadarsh haye. vayumandaliya vayumandaliya koo aamtaur parr havaa kahaa jaataa haye jaba iska upayog samasthaanik sandarbh key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. vayumandaliya n2 key alawa kaee n samasthaanik sandarbh samagri hain. 
sulfur.
mool sulfur samasthaanik sandarbh samagri canyon diablo troilite (see. dee. tii.) thee, joe arizona mein ulka gaddhe seey baramad ack ulka pind thaa. ghaati diablo ulkapind koo isaliye chunaa gayaa thaa kyonki aisaa maanaa jaataa thaa kii isamen thoke prithvi key samaan sulfur samasthaanik sanrachana haye. haalaanki, ulka koo baad mein samasthaanik roop seey visham paaya gayaa jisamen 0.40 taka kii bhinnataaen paaee gaeen., 1994). iss samasthaanik parivartansheelta key parinamswarup sulfur samasthaanik maap key antah prayogshala anshankan key liye samasyaaen utpann huin. 1993 mein aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. kii ack baithak ney vienna canyon diablo troilite (vee. see. dee. tii.) koo varsamov kii pahale kii sthaapana key sanket mein paribhaashit kiya. mool smo aur vee. pee. dee. bee. kii tarah, vee. see. dee. tii. kabhi bhee ack bhautik samagri naheen thee jise maapa jaa sakata thaa, lekin phir bhee sulfur samasthaanik paimaane kii paribhasha key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa thaa. vaastav mein 34s/32s anupaat koo maapane key uddeshyon key liye, aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. ney aaee. aeye. aeye.-aiss.-1 (mool roop seey aaee. aeye. aeye.-aine. jaid. 1 kahaa jaataa haye) key δ34s koo vee. see. dee. tii. key saapeksh-0:30 key roop mein paribhaashit kiya. sulfur samasthaanik sandarbh samagri mein inn kaafee haal key parivartanon ney antar-prayogshala prajanan kshamata mein bahut sudhaar kiya haye (coplane aind crouse, 1998).
carbonic anu.
haal hii mein ack antarrashtriya pariyojana ney 19 carbonic samasthaanik sandarbh samagriyon kii hydrogen, carbon aur nitrogen samasthaanik sanrachana vikasit aur nirdhaarit kii haye, joe abb yuu. aiss. jee. aiss., aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. aur indiana vishvavidyalaya seey upalabdh haye. yeye sandarbh samagri δ2h (-210.8 Â seey + 397.0 Â), δ13c (-40.81 Â seey + 0.49Â), aur δ15n (-5,21Â seey + 61.53 Â) kii ack badee shrinkhala mein faili hui hain, aur vishleshanatmak takneekon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala key liye upayukt hain. carbonic sandarbh samagri mein caffein, glycine, "aine"-hexadecane, icosanoic acid methyl ester ester prasiddhi), ell-valeen, methylheptedcanoate, polyethylene foil, polyethylene power, vacuum oyal aur aine. bee. bee.-22 shamil hain.
talika 7 mein jaankaari seedhe shimmelman "aitt all" kii talika 2 seey aatee haye.(2016).
gair-paaramparik samasthaanik pranaaliyan.
bhaari samasthaanik pranali.
gair-paaramparik samasthaanik pranaliyon (hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen aur sulfur key alawa anya tatva) key liye samasthaanik sandarbh samagri maujood haye, jisamen lithium, boron, magnicium, calcium, loha aur kaee anya shamil hain. kyonki gair-paaramparik pranaaliyan apekshaakrit haal hii mein vikasit kii gaee theen, inn pranaliyon key liye sandarbh samagri paaramparik samasthaanik pranaliyon kii tulanaa mein adhik seedhi aur cumm sankhya mein haye. nimnalikhit talika mein pratyek samasthaanik paimaane key liye δ = 0 koo paribhaashit karane vaali samagri, ack ingit samagri key nirpeksh samasthaanik anshon kaa 'sarvshreshth' maap (joe aksar paimaane koo paribhaashit karane vaali samagri key samaan hotaa haye, lekin hamesha naheen), ganana kiya gayaa nirpeksh samasthaanik anupaat, aur samasthaanik prachurta aur paramanu vajan (shuddh aur anuprayukt rasayan vigyaan (iupac) key antarrashtriya sangh kaa hissa) parr aayog dwara taiyar samasthaanik sandarbh samagri kii soochiyon key liye link shamil hain. gair-paaramparik sthir samasthaanik pranaliyon kii ack saransh soochi yahaan upalabdh haye, aur iss jaankaari kaa adhikansh hissa brand aur anya seey praapt kiya gayaa haye."(2014). talika 8 mein soochibaddh samasthaanik pranaliyon key alawa, chala rahey shodh berrium (allman "aitt all) kii samasthaanik sanrachana koo maapane parr kendrit haye., 2010; miyazaki" aur anya., 2014; naan" aur anya.2015) aur vanadium (nielson "aitt all.", 2011). vishisht alfa aizar ack samasthaanik roop seey achchi tarah seey visheshta vaalaa vanadium samadhan haye (nielson "aitt all.", 2011). isake alawa, rasayanik prasanskaran key dauran anshakaran kuchh samasthaanik vishleshanon key liye samasyagrast hoe sakata haye, jaise kii collum chromatography key baad bhaari samasthaanik anupaat koo maapana. inn mamalon mein sandarbh samagri koo vishesh rasayanik prakriyaon key liye calibrate kiya jaa sakata haye.
talika 8 ingit tatvon mein seey pratyek key liye δ = 0 paimaane koo paribhaashit karane vaali samagri aur samasthaanik anupaat detee haye. isake alawa, talika 8 meja aur anya dwara nirdhaarit 'sarvshreshth' maap key saath samagri koo soochibaddh karati haye."(2016). "samagri" rasayanik sootra detee haye, "anupaat kaa prakaar" samasthaanik anupaat mein report kiya gayaa samasthaanik anupaat haye, aur "citation" lekh (oun) koo samasthaanik prachurta kii report kartaa haye jiss parr samasthaanik anupaat adharit haye. samasthaanik anupaat nirpeksh dravyamaan ansh key vyaktigat vishleshanon key parinamon koo darshaate hain, joe uddhrit adhyayanon mein bataae gaye hain, joe meja aur anya mein ekatrit hain."(2016), aur report kiye gaye anupaat taka pahunchane key liye herfer kiya gayaa. truti kii ganana aanshik report kii gaee trutiyon key vargon key yog key vargamool key roop mein kii gaee thee.
clumped isotope.
samasthaanik sandarbh samagri key liye clumped samasthaanik chunautiyon kaa ack alag samooh prastut karate hain. parampara key anusaar, anusaar (δ47) aur ch4 (δ18/δ13ch3d/δ12ch2d2) seey mukt CO2 kii clumped isotope sanrachana isotope key yaadrichhik vitaran key saapeksh bataai jaati haye. arthaat, ack sandarbh samasthaanik key khilaf kaee samasthaanik pratisthapanon key saath ack anu key diye gaye samasthaanik kaa anupaat usee prachurta anupaat mein saamaanyikrit kiya jaataa haye jahaan sabhi samasthaanik yaadrichhik roop seey vitarit kiye jaate hain. vyavhaar mein chunaa gayaa sandarbh frame lagbhag hamesha samasthaanik pratisthaapan key binaa samasthaanik hotaa haye. yeh carbon dioxide key liye 12c16o2 aur meethen key liye 12c1h4 haye. ack namoone key thoke δ moolyon koo maapane key liye clumped isotope vishleshan mein maanak isotopic sandarbh samagri kii abhee bhee aavashyakta hoti haye, jiska upayog apekshit yaadrichhik vitaran kii ganana karane aur baad mein clumped isotope tapman kaa anuman lagaane key liye kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, adhikansh namoonon kii clumped isotope sanrachana koo ayanan key dauran dravyamaan spectrometer mein badal diyaa jaataa haye, jiska arth haye kii maapan key baad key detta sudhaar key liye gyaat clumped isotope sanrachana kii maapi gaee samagri kii aavashyakta hoti haye. kissy diye gaye tapman parr santulan ushmaagatiki sambhaavit samsthaanikon key beach samsthaanikon key vitaran kii bhavishyavani kartaa haye, aur inn bhavishyavaniyon koo prayogaatmak roop seey calibrate kiya jaa sakata haye. gyaat clumped isotope sanrachana key maanak koo utpann karane key liye, vartamaan abhyaas ack dhaatu utprerak kii upasthiti mein uchch tapman parr aantarik roop seey vishleshan gais koo santulit karna haye aur yeh maan lena haye kii isamen santulan ganana dwara bhavishyavani kii gaee δ moolya haye. vishesh roop seey clumped isotope vishleshan key liye isotopic sandarbh samagri kaa vikas iss teji seey vikaasheel kshetra kaa ack nirantar lakshya banaa huaa haye aur 2017 mein 6 veen antarrashtriya clumped isotope karyashala key dauran ack pramukh charcha vishay thaa. yeh sambhav haye kii bhavishya mein shodhkarta antarrashtriya star parr vitarit sandarbh samagri key khilaf clumped isotope anupaat koo maapenge, joe agyaat namoonon kii thoke isotope sanrachana koo maapane kii vartamaan vidhi key samaan haye.
sandarbh samagri koo pramaanit karna.
avalokan.
samasthaanik sandarbh samagri kaa pramanan apekshaakrit jatil haye. samasthaanik rachanaon kii reporting key adhikansh pahaluon kii tarah yeh aitihaasik kalakritiyon aur aadhunik sansthanon key sanyojan koo darshaata haye. parinamswarup, samasthaanik sandarbh samagri key pramanan key aspas key vivaran tatva aur rasayanik yaugik key anusaar bhinn hotey hain. ack samanya dishanirdesh key roop mein, praathamik aur mool anshankan sandarbh samagri kii samasthaanik sanrachana kaa upayog samasthaanik taraju koo paribhaashit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa aur isaliye koee sambandhit anishchitata naheen haye. adyatan anshankan samagri aam taur parr aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. dwara pramaanit kii jaati haye aur dou-bindu samasthaanik taraju (slap, ell. aiss. vee. ee. see.) key liye mahatvapurna sandarbh samagri koo antar-prayogshala tulanaa key madhyam seey pahuncha jaataa haye. atirikt sandarbh samagri kii samasthaanik sanrachana yaa tou vyaktigat vishleshanatmak suvidhaon key madhyam seey yaa antar-prayogshala tulanaa key madhyam seey sthaapit kii jaati haye, lekin aksar ack aadhikarik aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. pramanan kii kamee hoti haye. talika 1 mein soochibaddh adhikansh samagriyon key liye pramaanit moolya hain, talika 2-7 mein soochibaddh samagri kaa lagbhag aadhaa, aur talika 8 mein kuchh samagri hain.
praathamik aur mool anshankan.
praathamik sandarbh kii sahmat samasthaanik sanrachana aur mool anshankan samagri aam taur parr antah-prayogshala tulanaa key madhyam seey naheen pahunch paaee thee. aanshik roop seey yeh kewal isaliye haye kyonki mool samagri kaa upayog samasthaanik taraju koo paribhaashit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa aur isaliye koee sambandhit anishchitata naheen haye. banaam-maava hydrogen samasthaanik pranali key liye praathamik sandarbh aur anshankan samagri key roop mein kaary kartaa haye aur oxygen samasthaanik pranali key liye dou sambhaavit taraju mein seey ack haye, aur ise samanjasya kregg dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. banaam banaam pratisthaapan anshankan maanak haye aur ise paanch chayanit prayogshalaon mein maap dwara anshankan kiya gayaa thaa. thappad kii samasthaanik sanrachana koo antah-prayogshala tulanaa key madhyam seey praapt kiya gayaa thaa. i dwara banaae gaye carbon isotope paimaane key liye mool anshankan samagri nb-19 haye. friedman, jey. aar. oh 'neel aur jee. sibula aur iska upayog vee. pee. dee. bee. paimaane koo paribhaashit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. aaee. aeye. ee. aeye.-603 pratisthaapan anshankan maanak haye aur ise teen chayanit prayogshalaon (montrial, kanada mein geotope-ukaam; reston, america mein yuu. aiss. jee.; jenaa, germany mein aim. pee. aaee.-bee. jee. see.) mein maap dwara anshankan kiya gayaa thaa. ell. aiss. vee. see. kii samasthaanik sanrachana koo antah-prayogshala tulanaa key madhyam seey praapt kiya gayaa thaa. sulfur isotope paimaane key liye mool anshankan samagri, aaee. aeye. aeye.-aiss.-1, aur aaj bhee upayog mein haye, bee dwara taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. doubleu. robbinson.
antarrashtriya paramanu oorjaa agency.
aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. adhikansh naee anshankan samagri key liye samasthaanik sanrachana key aadhikarik pramaan patra jaari kartaa haye. aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. ney banaam aim. oh. doubleu. 2/slap 2 aur aaee. aeye. ee. aeye.-603 (aine. bee. aiss.-19 caco 3 maanak key liye pratisthaapan) key liye isotopic maan pramaanit kiye hain. haalaanki, aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. dwara vitarit adhikansh sandarbh samagriyon kii samasthaanik sanrachana vaigyaanik saahitya mein sthaapit kii gaee haye. udaaharan key liye, aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. yuu. aiss. jee. aiss. mein vaigyaanikon key ack samooh dwara utpaadit aur bolke aitt all mein report kii gaee aine isotope sandarbh samagri yuu. aiss. jee. aiss. 34 (noo 3) aur yuu. aiss. jee. aiss. 35 (naino 3) koo vitarit kartaa haye."(2003), lekin inn sandarbhon kii samasthaanik sanrachana koo pramaanit naheen kiya haye. isake alawa, inn sandarbhon key uddhrit δ15n aur δ18o moolyon taka antar-prayogshala tulanaa key madhyam seey naheen pahuncha gayaa thaa. doosara udaaharan aaee. aeye. aeye.-sou-5 haye, joe aar dwara utpaadit ack ack sandarbh samagri haye. cross aur aiss. hallas aur zaaran (2001) mein varnit. iss sandarbh kaa moolya antar-prayogshala tulanaa key madhyam seey pahuncha gayaa thaa lekin isamen aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. pramanan kaa abhaav haye. anya sandarbh samagri (ell. aiss. vee. vee., aaee. aeye. ee. aeye.-aine. 3) koo antar-prayogshala tulanaa key madhyam seey pahuncha gayaa thaa aur aaee. aeye. ee. aeye. dwara varnit kiya gayaa thaa lekin unake pramanan kii sthiti spasht naheen haye.
rashtriya maanak aur praudyogiki sansthaan.
2018 key roop mein nist samanya sthir samasthaanik sandarbh samagri key liye pramaan patra pradaan naheen kartaa haye. jaisa kii iss link parr dekhaa gayaa haye kii vartamaan mein nist seey upalabdh prakaash sthir samasthaanik sandarbhon koo darshaate hue, iss shreni mein hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen aur sulfur key samasthaanik maap key liye mahatvapurna sabhi samasthaanik sandarbh shamil hain. haalaanki, inmein seey adhikansh samagriyon key liye nist jaanch kii ack report pradaan kartaa haye, joe ack sandarbh moolya detaa haye joe pramaanit naheen haye (meey aitt all kii paribhashaon kaa paalan karate hue."(2000). yuu. aiss. jee. aiss. 34 aur yuu. aiss. jee. aiss. 35 key uparokt udaharanon key liye, nist ney sandarbh moolyon kii report kii haye lekin bolke "aitt all" key parinamon koo pramaanit naheen kiya haye."(2003). isake vipareet, nist ney aaee. aeye. aeye.-sou-5 key liye ack sandarbh moolya pradaan naheen kiya haye. jaisa kii iss link parr dekhaa gayaa haye, nist rubedium, nickle, strontium, gallium aur thallium sahit gair-paaramparik "bhaari" samasthaanik pranaliyon key liye samasthaanik sandarbh samagri koo pramaanit kartaa haye, saath hii saath kaee samasthaanik pranaliyan joe aam taur parr "prakaash" parr visheshta vaali hoti hain lekin gair-paaramparik jaise magnicium aur chlorine. jabaki inmein seey kaee samagriyon kii samasthaanik sanrachana 1960 key dashak key madhya mein pramaanit kii gaee thee, anya samagriyon koo haal hii mein 2011 key roop mein pramaanit kiya gayaa thaa (udaaharan key liye, boric acid samasthaanik maanak 951aeye).
sandarbh samagri mein anishchitata aur truti.
nirpeksh samasthaanik anupaat mein anishchitata.
kyonki kaee samasthaanik sandarbh samagri koo δ sanketan kaa upayog karke ack dusare key saapeksh paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye, sandarbh samagri key nirpeksh samasthaanik anupaat parr kuchh baadhaaen hain. kachche samasthaanik anupaat mein dohare-pravesh aur nirantar pravaah dravyamaan varnakramiya anishchitata sweekarya haye kyonki namoonon koo aksar bahu-sangrah key madhyam seey maapa jaataa haye aur phir seedhe manakon key saath tulanaa kii jaati haye, jisamen praathamik sandarbh samagri key saapeksh prakaashit saahitya mein detta kii soochana dee jaati haye. iss mamle mein vaastavik maap ack samasthaanik anupaat kaa hotaa haye aur teji seey ack anupaat yaa anupaat mein parivartit hoe jaataa haye isaliye poorna samasthaanik anupaat uchch-sateekta maap praapt karane key liye kewal nyuntam roop seey mahatvapurna haye. haalaanki, sandarbh samagri key kachche samasthaanik anupaat mein anishchitata una anuprayogon key liye samasyagrast haye joe seedhe dravyamaan-hull aayan beam koo maapate naheen hain. lazer spectroscopy yaa paramanu chumbakiya anunaad key madhyam seey samasthaanik anupaat key maap samsthaanikon kii poorna prachurta key prati samvedansheel hotey hain aur ack maanak key poorna samasthaanik anupaat mein anishchitata maap sateekta koo seemit curr sakati haye. yeh sambhav haye kii inn takneekon kaa upayog antatah sandarbh samagri key samasthaanik anupaat koo parishkrit karane key liye kiya jaayega.
dou lunger sandarbh samagri key saath δ-scale.
dravyamaan varnakramiya dwara samasthaanik anupaat koo maapane mein kaee charan shamil hain jinamen namoone taiyar karane key dauran, upkaran key madhyam seey gais kaa risaav, 'smriti prabhaav' naamak ghatnaaon kii samanya shreni, aur rikt sthaan (namoone key hisse key roop mein maapa gayaa videshi vishleshan) kii shuruat sahit namoonon koo paar-pradooshan seey gujarna parh sakata haye. inn upkaran-vishisht prabhaavon key parinamswarup maapa gayaa δ maanon kii seema mool namoonon mein vaastavik seema seey cumm hoe sakati haye. iss tarah key paimaane key sampeedan key liye shodhkartaon ney dou samasthaanik sandarbh samagri (coplane, 1988) koo mapkar ack "khinchaav kaarak" kii ganana kii. hydrogen pranali key liye dou sandarbh samagri aamtaur parr banaam mow2 aur aur hoti hain, jahan δ2hvsmow2 = 0 aur δ2hslap2 =-427.5 banaam. banaam. yadi donon sandarbhon key beach maapa gayaa antar 427.5 seey cumm haye, tou sabhi maapa gayaa 2h/1h anupaat koo apekshaon key anuroop dou sandarbh samagriyon key beach antar laane key liye aavashyak khinchaav kaarak seey gunaa kiya jaataa haye. iss scaling key baad, sabhi maapa gayaa samasthaanik anupaat mein ack kaarak jodaa jaataa haye taaki sandarbh samagri apane paribhaashit samasthaanik moolyon koo praapt curr sakey. carbon pranali dou lunger sandarbh samagri (coplane aur anya) kaa bhee upayog karati haye.", 2006aeye; 2006bee).

