
nixon white house tape

aapke beach baatchit kii audio recording.aiss. rashtrapati richard nixon aur nixon prashaasan key adhikaari, nixon parivaar key sadasya aur white house key karmchari 1973 aur 1974 mein watergate ghotale key dauran saamane aae, jisake kaaran nixon ney istifa dey diyaa.
farwari 1971 mein, oval karyalaya mein ack dhwani-sakriya tapping pranali sthaapit kii gaee thee, jisamen nixon key willson desk mein soney tii. see.-800bee open-reel tape recorder kaa upayog karke telephone null aur chhipe hue microphone dwara preshit audio koo pakadane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. white house aur camp david key bheetar anya kamaron koo shamil karane key liye pranali kaa vistaar kiya gayaa thaa. yuu. aiss. key parinamswarup saarvajanik gyaan banane key dou dinn baad 18 julaai, 1973 koo pranali koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa.aiss. senate watergate samiti kii sunavaai. nixon white house mein apani baatchit record karane vaale pahale rashtrapati naheen they; rashtrapati franklin dee. roozvelt ney 1940 mein ack chhoti avadhi key liye andakar karyalaya press sammelanon koo record kiya.
yuu seey pahale white house key sahayak alekjendar butterfield kii television gawahi key dauran iss pranali kaa ullekh kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. 1973 mein senate watergate samiti. nixon dwara tape key liye samman kaa paalan karane seey incar karna unake khilaf mahaabhiyog key ack lekh kaa aadhar thaa, aur 9 agast, 1974 koo unakaa istifa hoe gayaa.
19 agast, 2013 koo, nixon pustakalaya aur rashtriya abhilekhagar aur abhilekh prashaasan ney tape key antim 340 ghante jaari kiye joe 9 aprail seey 12 julaai, 1973 taka kii avadhi koo cover karate hain.
nixon white house tapping pranali kaa itihas.
janwari 1969 mein padbhar grahan karane seey thheek pahale, nixon koo pataa chalaa kii unake poorvavarti, lindon bee. johnson ney apani baithakon aur telephone coll koo record karane key liye ack pranali sthaapit kii thee. unake cheef off staff aich key anusaar. aar. halanki, nixon ney pranali koo hataane kaa adesh diyaa, lekin apane rashtrapati pada key pahale dou varshon key dauran vaha iss nishkarsh parr pahunche (anya tarikon seey koshish karane key baad) kii audio recording baatchit aur nirnayon kaa ack poorna aur wafadar vivaran sunishchit karane kaa ekmatra tarika thaa. nixon key anurodh parr, upa sahayak alekjendar butterfield sahit, heldman aur unake karmchaariyon ney ack recording pranali sthaapit karane key liye sanyukt raajya america kii gupt seva key saath kaam kiya.
16 farwari, 1971 koo white house mein dou kamaron, andakar karyalaya aur cabinet kaksh mein ack tapping pranali sthaapit kii gaee thee. teen maheene baad, puraane karyakari karyalaya bhawan mein nixon key niji karyalaya mein microphone jode gaye aur agale varsh camp david mein rashtrapati key lodge mein microphone lagaae gaye. gupt seva dwara pranali sthaapit aur nigrani kii gaee thee, aur tape koo white house key tahakhaane mein ack kamare mein sangraheet kiya gayaa thaa. mahatvapurna phone lines koo bhee tapp kiya gayaa, jisamen andakar karyalaya, purani karyakari karyalaya imarat aur linken baithak kaksh shamil they, joe white house mein nixon kaa pasandida kamra thaa. white house key switchboard seey telephone lines koo tapp karke aur nivaas key tahakhaane mein ack almari mein recorders koo baatchit prasaarit karke telephone baatchit record kii gaee thee. cabinet kaksh koo chhodkar sabhi audio upkaran dhwani-sakriya they. white house mein sabhi sthaanon koo karyakari suraksha seva kii "pahali parivaar locator" pranali dwara sakriya kiya gayaa thaah jaba ack adhikaari ney pranali koo soochit kiya kii rashtrapati andakar karyalaya mein hain, tou dhwani seey shuru honey parr tape karane kii machinary chaalu hoe gaee, joe record karane key liye taiyar thee.
design key anusaar, kewal bahut cumm loga (nixon aur heldman koo chhodkar) tapping pranali key astitva key baare mein jaanate theh butterfield, heldman key sahayak laurence haibi, aur gupt seva technician jinhone ise sthaapit kiya thaa. recording kaa utpaadan nau soney tii. see.-800bee machines parr prati sekand kii dheemi gati seey bahut patali 0.5 millie (12.7 microne) tape kaa upayog karke kiya gayaa thaa.
tape mein 3,000 ghante seey adhik kii baatchit hoti haye. videsh neeti parr charcha key saikadon ghante hotey hain, jisamen 1972 kii chean yatra aur usake baad soviyat sangh kii yatra kii yojana banaana shamil haye. 3, 500 ghanton mein seey kewal 200 ghanton mein jalmarg key sandarbh hain aur darj samagri kaa 5 pratishat seey bhee cumm pratilekhan yaa prakaashit kiya gayaa haye.
tapping pranali kaa khulasa.
white house tapping pranali key astitva kii pushti pahali baar senate samiti key karmchari sadasya donald sanders dwara 13 julaai, 1973 koo white house key sahayak alekjendar butterfield key saath ack sakshatkar mein kii gaee thee. teen dinn baad, butterfield kii television gawahi key dauran ise saarvajanik kiya gayaa, jaba unase senate key vakeel fred thompson dwara white house tapping pranali kii sambhavana key baare mein poochha gayaa.
16 julaai, 1973 koo, butterfield ney ack television sunavaai mein samiti koo bataaya kii nixon ney sabhi baatchit koo swachaalit roop seey record karane key liye white house mein ack tapping pranali sthaapit karane kaa adesh diyaa thaa. vishesh salaahkaar archibald cox, rashtrapati johnn aff key tahat ack poorv sanyukt raajya solicitor general. kenedi ney jilaa adalat key nyayadhish johnn sirika seey white house key vakeel johnn deane kii gawahi kii pushti karane key liye nau praasangik tepon koo prastut karane key liye kahaa.
shaniwar kii raat kaa narsamhar.
nixon ney shuru mein tape jaari karane seey incar curr diyaa, dou karanon koo saamane rakhaah pahala, kii karyakari visheshaadhikaar kaa samvaidhaanik siddhant tape taka faila huaa haye aur samvidhaan key bheetar shaktiyon aur niyantran aur santulan key vibhajan kaa hawala dete hue, aur doosara, yeh daavaa karate hue kii way rashtriya suraksha key liye mahatvapurna they. 19 octuber, 1973 koo unhone ack samjhaute kii peshkash kii; nixon ney usa loktaantrik yuu kaa prastaav rakhaa.aiss. senator johnn see. stanis sateekta key liye tape kii sameeksha aur saransh karate hain aur vishesh abhiyojak key karyalaya koo apane nishkarshon kii report karate hain. cox ney samjhaute seey incar curr diyaa aur shaniwar, 20 octuber, 1973 koo, nixon ney attorney general elliot richardson koo cox koo barkhast karane kaa adesh diyaa. richardson ney incar curr diyaa aur isake bajaay istifa dey diyaa, taba upa attorney general villium ruckleshos koo cox koo barkhast karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa, lekin unhone bhee incar curr diyaa aur istifa dey diyaa. solicitor general aur nyaay vibhaag key karyavahak pramukh robbert bork ney cox koo barkhast curr diyaa. nixon ney 1 navambar, 1973 koo leone zavorsky koo vishesh salaahkaar niyukt kiya.
181⁄2 minut kaa antaral.
nixon key sachiv rose mairi woods key anusaar, 29 sitambar, 1973 koo, vaha 20 juuna, 1972 kii recording key ack tape kii sameeksha curr rahee thee, jaba usane pratilekhan key dauran "ack bhayaanak galati" kii. ack uher 5000 parr tape bajaate samay, usane ack phone coll kaa jawab diyaa. 5000 stop button taka pahunchate hue, usane kahaa kii usane galati seey usake buggle key button, record button koo dabaa diyaa. phone coll kii avadhi key liye, lagbhag paanch minut, usane upkaran key peddle parr apana pair rakhaa, jisase tape key paanch minut key hisse koo phir seey record kiya gayaa. jaba vaha tape sunati thee, tou antaral minaton taka badh gayaa thaa. baad mein usane jore dekar kahaa kii vaha shesh 13 minut kii charcha key liye jimmedaar naheen thee.
recording seey gayab samagri agyaat haye, halanki antar nixon aur heldman key beach baatchit key dauran watergate tootane key teen dinn baad hotaa haye. nixon ney daavaa kiya kii vaha antaral key dauran charcha kiye gaye vishayon koo naheen jaanate they. baithak seey heldman key nott seey pataa chalata haye kii charcha key vishayon mein watergate hotal mein giraftari shamil thee. white house key vakeelon ney pahali baar 14 navambar, 1973 kii shaam koo antaral key baare mein sunaa, aur nyayadhish sirika, jinhone tape key liye samman jaari kiya thaa, koo 21 navambar taka naheen bataaya gayaa, jaba rashtrapati key vakeelon ney faisala kiya kii way "koee nirdosh spashteekaran" naheen dey sakate they.
woods koo usa sthiti koo pradarshit karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa jisamen vaha durghatana key samay baithi thee. ack desk parr baithi, vaha telephone key liye apane baaen kandhe key oopar seey bahut peechhe pahunch gaee kyonki usake pair ney pratilekhan machine koo niyantrit karane vaale paddle parr dabaav daala. pradarshan key dauran unaki mudra, jise "gulab mairi khinchaav" kahaa jaataa haye, ney kaee raajneetik tippanikaron koo spashteekaran kii vaidhata parr sawal uthaane key liye prerit kiya.
1975 mein ack grand juurii sakshatkar mein, nixon ney kahaa kii shuru mein unakaa maanana thaa kii tape key kewal chaar minut gayab they. unhone kahaa kii jaba baad mein unhone sunaa kii 18 minut gayab hain, tou "maine vyaavhaarik roop seey apana dher udaa diyaa."
apani 2014 kii pustak "dha nixon defence" mein, nixon key white house key vakeel johnn deane kaa sujhaav haye kii abb upalabdh recording kaa puuraa sangrah "badey paimaane parr una prashnon key uttar detaa haye joe white house dwara loktaantrik rashtriya samiti key mukhyalaya mein todfod aur bugg-inn key karanon key baare mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, saath hii saath 20 juuna, 1972 kii baatchit key dauran kukhyaat 18 minut aur 30 sekand key antaral key dauran kyaa mitaaya gayaa thaa aur kyon."
tape koo kaun mitaa sakata thaa, isake baare mein kaee sujhaav diye gaye hain. varshon baad, white house key cheef off staff alekjendar hegg ney anuman lagaaya kii sambhavatah nixon key kaaran hii yeh kshati hui hogi. hegg key anusaar, rashtrapati yaantrik upkaranon koo samajhane aur sanchaalit karane mein "shandar roop seey aksham" they, aur vicharadhin tape kii sameeksha key dauran, unhone recorder key niyantranon key saath khilwad karke mitaane kaa kaaran bunn sakate hain, halanki hegg yeh naheen kaha sakey kii kyaa mitaane anajaane mein yaa jaanboojhkar hue they. 1973 mein, hegg ney jore seey anuman lagaaya thaa kii mitana ack agyaat "dusht bull" key kaaran huaa thaa."anya logon ney sujhaav diyaa haye kii hegg jaanboojhkar nixon kii bhagidari key saath tape koo mitaane mein shamil thaa, yaa mitaane kaa kaam white house key vakeel dwara kiya gayaa thaa.<ref naam = "daraar daalane vaale jall dwaar kaa 18 1/2 minut kaa kukhyaat antaral"> </ref>
jaanch.
nixon ney swayam iss baat kii pahali jaanch shuru kii kii tape kaise mitaa diye gaye they. unhone daavaa kiya kii yeh ack gahan jaanch thee lekin yeh khaali nikali.
21 navambar, 1973 koo, sirika ney white house aur vishesh abhiyojan bull dwara sanyukt roop seey naamit vyaktiyon key ack panel koo niyukt kiya. panel koo sakshya tape, andakar karyalaya aur karyakari karyalaya bhawan key saat tape recorder aur dou 5000 recorder kii aapoorti kii gaee thee. ack recorder, jise pradarshani 60 key roop mein label kiya gayaa thaa, koo "gupt seva" key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa aur dusare, pradarshani 60bee, key saath ack pair kaa peddle thaa. panel ney nirdhaarit kiya kii charcha kaa koee parinam naheen thaa aur yeh antar pradarshani 60 recorder parr kiye gaye ack mitaane kaa parinam thaa. panel ney yeh bhee nirdhaarit kiya kii recording mein cumm seey cumm paanch alag-alag khand shamil they, sambhavatah nau, aur cumm seey cumm paanch khandon mein haath key sanchaalan kii aavashyakta thee; yaani, unhein pair key peddle kaa upayog karke naheen kiya jaa sakata thaa. baad mein adalat ney panel koo sunavaai key dauran saamane aae vaikalpik spashtikaranon parr vichaar karane key liye kahaa. 31 maee, 1974 kii antim report mein paaya gayaa kii yeye anya spashteekaran mool nishkarshon key vipareet naheen they.
rashtriya abhilekhagar aur abhilekh prashaasan tape kaa malik haye aur usane kaee baar laapata minaton koo punarpraapt karane kii koshish kii haye, haal hii mein 2003 mein, lekin safalata naheen millie. bhavishya kii praudyogiki seey gayab audio koo bahaal karane kii anumati milane parr tape koo abb jalavaayu-niyantrit tahakhaane mein sanrakshit kiya jaataa haye. corporate suraksha visheshagya phil mailinger ney laapata minaton kaa varnan karane vaale heldman key hastalikhit noton koo bahaal karane key liye ack pariyojana shuru kii, lekin vaha prayaas bhee koee naee jaankaari dene mein whiffle rhaa.
"smoking gunn" tape.
11 aprail, 1974 koo yuu.aiss. nyaypalika parr sadan samiti ney white house kii 42 baatchit key tape koo samman bheja. usa maheene key anta mein, nixon ney samman kiye gaye tepon key sampaadit pratilekhon key 1,200 seey adhik prishth jaari kiye, lekin ack baar phir karyakari visheshaadhikaar kaa daavaa karate hue vaastavik tepon koo saunpane seey incar curr diyaa. nyaypalika samiti ney nixon key sampaadit pratilekhon koo yeh kahate hue khariz curr diyaa kii way samman kaa paalan naheen karate hain.
sirika ney zavorsky key anurodh parr kaarravaai karate hue, nixon prashaasan key poorv adhikaariyon key khilaf aaparaadhik mamalon mein saboot key roop mein upayog karane key liye 64 rashtrapati kii baatchit key tape key liye ack samman jaari kiya. nixon ney manaa curr diyaa, aur zawarski ney yuu seey appeal kii.aiss. sarvocch nyayalaya ney nixon koo tepon koo badalane key liye majboor kiya. 24 julaai, 1974 koo sarvocch nyayalaya ney nixon koo tape jaari karane kaa adesh diyaa. 8-0 kaa faisala (nyaayamurti villium rehunkvist ney khud koo alag curr liya kyonki unhone attorney general johnn aine key liye kaam kiya thaa. michel) sanyukt raajya america banaam. nixon ney paaya kii rashtrapati nixon ney yeh tark denaa galat thaa kii adaalaten binaa kissy sawal key, karyakari visheshaadhikaar key kissy bhee rashtrapati key daave kaa sammaan karane key liye majboor hain.
white house ney 5 agast koo samman tape jaari kiye. ack tape, jise baad mein "smoking gunn" tape key roop mein jaanaa gayaa, ney watergate coverup key praarambhik charanon kaa dastavejikaran kiya. iss parr, nixon aur heldman koo aff. bee. aaee. key saamane galat daavaa karke kii rashtriya suraksha isamen shamil thee, jaanch koo avaruddh karane kii yojana taiyar karate hue sunaa jaataa haye. isase donon koo pataa chalaa kii nixon koo watergate chori honey key turant baad white house seey sambandh key baare mein bataaya gayaa thaa, aur unhone jaanch koo whiffle karane kii yojanaon koo manjuri dee thee. tape key jaari honey key saath ack bayaan mein, nixon ney desh koo gumrah karane kaa aarop sweekaar kiya jaba unhein white house kii sanliptata key baare mein bataaya gayaa thaa, yeh kahate hue kii unaki smriti mein kamee haye.
ack baar jaba "smoking gunn" pratilekh koo saarvajanik curr diyaa gayaa, tou nixon kaa raajneetik samarthan vyaavhaarik roop seey gayab hoe gayaa. sadan kii nyaypalika samiti key duss gantantravadiyon ney, jinhone samiti mein mahaabhiyog key khilaf matdan kiya thaa, ghoshana kii kii mamla sadan mein pahunchane key baad abb way mahaabhiyog key liye matdan karenge. senate mein bhee unake paas paryaapt samarthan kii kamee thee; senator bairi goldwater aur hyug scott ney anuman lagaaya kii 15 seey adhik senator burry honey parr bhee vichaar karane koo taiyar naheen they. pratinidhi sabhaa mein kuchh mahaabhiyog aur senate mein samaan roop seey kuchh doshasiddhi kaa saamana karate hue, nixon ney guruwar, 8 agast, 1974 kii shaam koo apane istife kii ghoshana kii, joe agale dinn dopahar taka prabhaavi thaa.
rashtrapati pada key baad.
nixon key istife key baad, sanghiya sarkaar ney 1974 key rashtrapati recording aur samagri sanrakshan adhiniyam key tahat tape sahit unake sabhi rashtrapati record parr niyantran curr liya. jaba seey sanghiya sarkaar ney unake record koo jabt curr liya, taba seey unaki mrityu taka, nixon tape key niyantran koo laker aksar kanuni ladaai mein bund thaa. unhone tark diyaa kii 1974 kaa adhiniyam asamvaidhaanik thaa kyonki yeh shaktiyon key vibhajan aur karyakari visheshaadhikaar key samvaidhaanik siddhanton kaa ullanghan kartaa haye aur unake vyaktigat gopaniyata adhikaaron aur sangathan key pahale sanshodhan key adhikaar kaa ullanghan kartaa haye.
kanuni vivaad 1994 mein nixon kii mrityu key baad 25 varshon taka jaari rahey. shuru mein way kaee mamle haar gaye, lekin adalaton ney 1998 mein faisala sunaaya kii lagbhag 820 ghante aur 4 karod 20 laakh prishthon key dastavej unaki vyaktigat niji sampatti thee jise unaki sampatti mein vaapas kiya jaanaa chaahiye. haalaanki, adalat key faisale key samay nixon koo chaar saal hoe chuke they, tape parr varshon kii kanuni ladaai key baad yeh ack vivadaspad vikas hoe sakata haye.
11 julaai, 2007 koo rashtriya abhilekhagar koo yorba linda, california mein pahale seey niji roop seey sanchaalit richard nixon pustakalaya aur sangrahalaya kaa aadhikarik niyantran diyaa gayaa thaa. iss suvidha mein abb tape hain aur samay-samay parr janata key liye atirikt tape jaari kiye jaate hain joe online aur saarvajanik domen mein upalabdh hain.

