
sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya key mamalon kii soochi, khand 163

yeh 1896 mein sanyukt raajya america key sarvocch nyayalaya dwara taya kiye gaye "sanyukt raajya report" key khand 163 mein darj mamalon kii ack soochi haye.
khand 163 yuu key samay sarvocch nyayalaya key nyayadhish.aiss..
sarvocch nyayalaya kii sthaapana sanyukt raajya key samvidhaan key anuchhed III, dhaara 1 dwara kii gaee haye, joe kahata haih "sanyukt raajya kii nyaayik shakti, ack sarvocch nyayalaya mein nihit hogi. . .". nyayalaya kaa aakar nirdisht naheen haye; samvidhaan ise nyayadhishon kii sankhya nirdhaarit karane key liye congress parr chhodata haye. 1789 key nyaypalika adhiniyam key tahat congress ney mool roop seey chhah nyayadhishon (ack mukhya nyayadhish aur paanch sahayogi nyayadhish) kii sankhya nirdhaarit kii. 1789 key baad seey congress ney adalat key aakar koo chhah seey saat, nau, duss aur nau nyayadhishon (hamesha ack mukhya nyayadhish sahit) taka badal diyaa haye.
jaba khand 163 mein mamalon kaa nirnay liya gayaa tou adalat mein nimnalikhit nau sadasya shamil theh
163 yuu mein ullekhaniya mamle.aiss..
"placy vee. fergusson.
"placy vee. fergusson, "163 yuu.aiss. 537 (1896) koo yuu mein sabse kharaab nirnayon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye.aiss. sarvocch nyayalaya kaa itihas, "zim kauve" key abhyaas koo majboot kartaa haye. yeh ack aitihaasik nirnay haye jisamen adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii nasleeya algaav kaanoonon ney yuu kaa ullanghan naheen kiya haye.aiss. jaba taka pratyek jaati key liye suvidhaaen gunavatta mein samaan theen, taba taka samvidhaan ack aisaa siddhant thaa jise "alag lekin samaan" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. iss nirnay ney kaee raajya kaanoonon koo vaidh banaa diyaa joe nasleeya algaav koo phir seey sthaapit karate hain joe punarnirmaan yug (1865-1877) key anta key baad americi dakshin mein paarit kiye gaye they. isaki badnami key bavjood, nirnay koo kabhi bhee spasht roop seey khariz naheen kiya gayaa haye. lekin adalat key baad key faisalon kii ack shrinkhala, 1954 key braun vee seey shuru hoti haye. shiksha board "jisane maanaa kii saarvajanik schools aur shaikshik suvidhaon key sandarbh mein" alag lekin samaan "siddhant asamvaidhaanik haye, ney" bahut "koo iss hudd taka kamjor curr diyaa haye kii ise" vaastavik "roop seey khariz curr diyaa gayaa haye.
"wong wing vee. sanyukt raajya america.
wong wing vee. mein. sanyukt raajya america, "163 yuu.aiss. 228 (1896), sarvocch nyayalaya ney paaya kii yuu mein 5vaan aur 6vaan sanshodhan.aiss. samvidhaan sanyukt raajya mein avaidh pravesh yaa upasthiti key liye doshi gair-nagrikon key liye juurii pareekshan key binaa karawas koo manaa kartaa haye. iss mamle ney sthaapit kiya kii aaparaadhik kaaryavaahi key adheen gair-nagrik nagrikon key liye upalabdh samaan samvaidhaanik suraksha key hakdar hain. faisala usee dinn jaari kiya gayaa thaa jaba adalat ney apane kukhyaat "placy vee" mein nasleeya algaav kaanoonon koo barkarar rakhaa thaa. fergusson "nirnay.
"lucas vee. sanyukt raajya america.
lucas vee. mein. sanyukt raajya america, "163 yuu.aiss. 612 (1896), sarvocch nyayalaya ney abhinirdhaarit kiya kii kyaa ack nigro mukt vyakti chocto rashtra kaa sadasya thaa, yeh juurii key liye tathya kaa sawal thaa, aur usaki gair-bhaaratiya sthiti koo naheen maanaa jaa sakata haye.
"gend vee. sanyukt raajya america.
"gend vee. sanyukt raajya america, "163 yuu.aiss. 662 (1896), dohare khatare key khand kii vyakhya karane vaale sabse shuruati sarvocch nyayalaya key mamalon mein seey ack haye. angreji samanya kaanoon niyam seey hatkar, aur newyork aur massachusets key raajya uchch nyayalayon key shuruati faisalon seey hatkar, adalat ney maanaa kii-dohare khatare key khand key tahat-praarambhik abhiyog kii aparyaptata key parinamswarup burry honey kii baadha naheen thee, jaba taka kii pahali adalat key paas adhikaar kshetra thaa.
uddharan shally.
1789 key nyaypalika adhiniyam key tahat usa samay sanghiya adalat sanrachana mein jilaa adaalaten shamil theen, jinake paas samanya pareekshan kshetradhikar thaa; circuit adaalaten, jinake paas mishrit pareekshan aur apeeliya (americi jilaa adalaton seey) kshetradhikar thaa; aur sanyukt raajya sarvocch nyayalaya, jisake paas sanghiya jilaa aur circuit adalaton parr apeeliya kshetradhikar thaa-aur raajya adalaton parr kuchh muddon key liye. sarvocch nyayalaya key paas bhee seemit mool adhikaar kshetra thaa ("i.ee., jisamen mamalon koo seedhe sarvocch nyayalaya mein daayar kiya jaa sakata haye, pahale nichali sanghiya yaa raajya adalat dwara sunaa gayaa haye). pratyek raajya, kshetra yaa anya bhaugolik kshetra mein ack yaa adhik sanghiya jilaa adaalaten aur/yaa circuit adaalaten theen.
1891 key nyaypalika adhiniyam ney sanyukt raajya apeelon kii adalaton kaa nirmaan kiya aur inn apeeliya adalaton koo jilaa aur circuit adalaton seey adhikansh niyamit apeelon key adhikaar kshetra koo phir seey saunpa. iss adhiniyam ney nau naee adalaton kaa nirmaan kiya jinhen mool roop seey "united states circuit court off appeals" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa."naee adalaton key paas nichali adalat key faisalon kii adhikansh apeelon parr adhikaar kshetra thaa. sarvocch nyayalaya yaa tou kanuni muddon kii sameeksha curr sakata haye joe appeal kii adalat dwara pramaanit kiye gaye hain yaa court off appeals key nirnayon koo pramaanit curr sakata haye.
bluebook citation shally kaa upayog mamle key naamon, uddharanon aur adhikaar kshetron key liye kiya jaataa haye.