
hindu raashtravaad

hindu raashtravaad koo saamoohik roop seey bhaaratiya upmahadweep kii mool aadhyatmik aur saanskritik paramparaon parr adharit samajik aur raajneetik vichaar kii abhivyakti key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye. "hindu raashtravaad" hindu raashtravaad (aayastah hindu raashtravaad) kaa ack saral anuvaad haye. ise "hindu rajneeti" key roop mein behtar varnit kiya gayaa haye.
deshi vichaar dhaaraaen bhaaratiya itihas mein atyadhik praasangik hoe gaeen jaba unhone bhaaratiya rajneeti key sambandh mein ack vishisht pehchaan banaane mein madad kii aur upaniveshvaad parr sawal uthaane key liye ack aadhar pradaan kiya. yeye sashastr sangharsh, jabardasti kii rajneeti aur ahinsak virodh parr adharit swatantrata andolan key dauran bhaaratiya rashtravadiyon koo bhee prerana pradaan karate they. unhone bhaarat mein samajik sudhaar andolanon aur aarthik soch koo bhee prabhaavit kiya.
aaj, hindutva (jiska arth haye "hindunes") bhaarat mein hindu rashtravadi rajneeti kaa ack pramukh roop haye. ack raajneetik vichardhara key roop mein, hindutva shabd koo 1923 mein vinaayak damodar sawarkar dwara vyakt kiya gayaa thaa. hindutva andolan koo "dakshinpanthi ugravaad" key ack prakaar key roop mein aur "shaastriya arth mein lagbhag fasiwadi" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye, joe samroop bahumat aur saanskritik varchasva kii avadharana kaa paalan kartaa haye. kuchh vishleshak "fasiwadi" label parr vivaad karate hain, aur sujhaav dete hain kii hindutva "roodhivaad" yaa "jaatiya nirankushvaad" kaa ack charam roop haye. ise bhaaratiya janata party (bee. jey. pee.), hindu rashtravadi swayamsevak sangathan rashtriya swayamsevak sangh (aar. aiss. aiss.), sanatan sanstha, vishva hindu parishad (vee. aich. pee.) aur sangh parivaar naamak paaristhitiki tantra mein anya sangathanon dwara samarthit kiya jaataa haye.
vaichaarik shabdawali aur prabhaavon kaa vikas.
20veen shatabdi key poorvaardh mein, bhaaratiya rashtriya congress key guton kii pehchaan "hindu rajneeti" aur ack hindu rashtra key vichaaron key saath jaari rahee.
poore itihas mein "hindu" shabd kaa upayog ack samaveshi vivaran key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa jisamen ack paribhasha kaa abhaav thaa aur iska upayog bhaarat kii mool paramparaon aur logon koo sandarbhit karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa. yeh kewal 18veen shatabdi key anta mein thaa kii "hindu" shabd kaa upayog badey paimaane parr dhaarmik arth key saath kiya jaane lagaa, jabaki abhee bhee swadeshi paramparaon kaa varnan karane vaale ack upakhyan key roop mein upayog kiya jaa rhaa thaa. hindu rashtravadi vichaardhaaraaen aur raajneetik bhaashaaen bhashai aur samajik donon roop seey bahut vividh theen. choonki hindu dharm ack pehchaan yogya dhaarmik samooh kaa pratinidhitva naheen kartaa haye, isaliye 'hindu raashtravaad', 'hindu' jaise shabdon koo dhaarmik aur raashtravaad key mamle mein samasyagrast maanaa jaataa haye. choonki hinduon kii pehchaan ack sajaatiya samudaay key roop mein kii jaa sakati thee, isaliye kuchh vyaktigat congress netaa dharmnirpeksh raashtravaad key samanya rukh key bheetar "hindu" arth key saath ack prateekvaad koo prerit karane mein saksham they.
bhaaratiya saanskritik samoohon kii vividhata aur hindu raashtravaad key madhyam padon ney kabhi-kabhi ise dhaarmik kii tulanaa mein saanskritik raashtravaad key roop mein maanaa haye.
itihaaskaar baijnath puri likhate hain kii vijaynagar samrajya (1336-1646) "dakshin mein muslim ghuspaith aur prabhutva key khilaf hindu rashtravadi andolan kaa parinam thaa. samrajya hindu dharmshastron key aadhar parr bhee prashaasit thaa, aur veda prachalit kaanoon key pramukh srot they.
shivaji ney apani khojon key saath maratha samrajya kii neenv key saath hindu raashtravaad key liye ack dridh aadhar sthaapit kiya thaa. shivaji baal gangadhar tilak jaise hindu rashtravadi kaaryakartaon key liye bhee ack prerana they. vinaayak damodar sawarkar likhate hain kii shivaji ney aurangzeb kii senaaon koo harakar poore bhaarat mein hinduon key dimag koo 'vidyuteekrit' kiya thaa.
nepali hindu raashtravaad aur prathaaen.
gorkhali samrat kii hindukaran neeti.
maharajadhiraj prithvi narayan shaah ney nepal key nae ekikrit raajya koo asal hindustan ("hinduon kii vaastavik bhoomi") key roop mein ghoshit kiya kyonki uttar bhaarat parr islami mugal shasakon kaa shasson thaa. yeh ghoshana unake shasankal mein hindu samajik sanhita dharamshastra koo lagu karane aur unake desh koo hinduon key liye rahane yogya key roop mein sandarbhit karane key liye kii gaee thee. unhone uttar bhaarat key baaki hisson koo "mughlan" (mugalon kaa desh) key roop mein bhee sandarbhit kiya aur iss kshetra koo musalman videshiyon dwara ghuspaith kiya gayaa kahaa. kathmandu ghaati kii gorkhali vijay key baad, raajaa prithvi narayan shaah ney isai capuchin missionaryon koo paatan seey nishkaasit curr diyaa aur nepal kaa naam badalkar "asali hindustan" (hinduon kii vaastavik bhoomi) curr diyaa. taigdhaariyon koo nepali rajdhani mein ack visheshaadhikaar praapt darja praapt thaa aur inn ghatnaaon key baad unhein adhikaariyon taka adhik pahunch bhee dee gaee thee. baad mein, hindukaran nepal raajya kii mukhya neeti bunn gaee. pro. harka gurung kaa anuman haye kii bhaarat mein islami mugal shasson aur isai british shasson kii upasthiti ney nepal raajya mein hindu raashtravaad kii neenv koo majboor kiya, taaki vahaan hinduon key liye ack panaahgaah kaa nirmaan kiya jaa sakey.
bharadari sarkaar key aadarsh.
gorkha raajya kii purani bharadari sarkaaron kii neetiyaan dharamshastra aur manusmriti jaise pracheen hindu granthon seey lii gaee theen. raajaa koo bhagwan vishnu kaa avtaar maanaa jaataa thaa aur vaha vidhaayi, nyaypalika aur karyakari karyon parr mukhya adhikaari thaa. nyaypalika key karyon kaa nirnay hindu dharm aachar sanhitaon key siddhanton key aadhar parr kiya gayaa thaa. raajaa koo desh koo aahat karane vaale kissy bhee vyakti koo nishkaasit karane aur apraadhiyon koo kshama karane aur desh mein unaki vaapsee karane kaa puuraa adhikaar thaa. pandey parivaar aur thapa parivaar jaise nepali raajneetik kulon key prabhutva key kaaran vyaavhaarik roop seey sarkaar ack poorna rajshahi naheen thee, jisase shaah samrat kathputali shaasak bunn gaye. yeye buniyaadi hindu template iss baat kaa saboot dete hain kii nepal koo ack hindu raajya key roop mein prashaasit kiya gayaa thaa.
hindu nagrik sanhita aur kanuni niyam.
nepali nagrik sanhita, "muluki aina", koo jung bahadur raanaa dwara unake europeeya daure key baad shuru kiya gayaa thaa aur 1854 mein lagu kiya gayaa thaa. yeh nepal mein kaee shataabdiyon taka paaramparik hindu kaanoon aur samhitaabaddh samajik prathaon mein nihit thaa. kaanoon mein "praashyachitt" (paap seey bachana aur usey hataana) aur "aachar" (vibhinn samudaayon kaa prathaagat kaanoon) bhee shamil thaa. yeh usa samay key nepal kii poori hindu key saath-saath gair-hindu aabaadi koo khaas shasakon key drishtikon seey ack hii padaanukramit nagrik sanhita mein shamil karane kaa prayaas thaa. hindu varnashram key sandarbh mein nepali "jaati" vyavastha, shreni mein tagdhari koo sarvocch maanati haye. tamang, sherpa aur tharu mool key logon key jaatiya bhashai samooh koo "matwali" ("sharaab peene vaale") sheershak key tahat tagg kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki khaas, newari aur taraai mool key logon koo "tagadhari" ("pavitra dhaage pahanane vaale") kahaa gayaa thaa. jaba taka unhein jaati seey nishkaasit naheen kiya gayaa thaa, taba taka kissy bhee aaparaadhik sajaa key baad tagdhari jaatiyon koo gulam naheen banaaya jaa sakata thaa. nepal mein mukhya vyaapak jaati shreniyaan "tagdhari" (pavitra dhaage vaahak), "matwali" (sharaab peene vaale) aur "dalit" (yaa achhoot) hain.
19veen shatabdi mein aadhunik yug aur hindu punarjagaran.
kaee hindu sudhaar andolanon kii utpatti unnisvin shatabdi mein hui thee. inn andolanon ney upanishad aur vedant key pracheen granthon kii naee vyakhyaon koo janm diyaa aur samajik sudhaar parr bhee jore diyaa. inn andolanon kii vishisht visheshta yeh thee kii unhone aupaniveshik yug key dauran paschimi sanskriti kii shreshthata kii dhaarana kaa virodh kiya. isase deshbhakti key vichaaron mein vriddhi hui jisane aupaniveshik bhaarat mein swatantrata andolan key liye saanskritik aur vaichaarik aadhar kaa nirmaan kiya.
brahm samaaj.
brahmin samaaj kii shuruat 1828 mein ack bangali vidwan, raam mohan roy dwara kii gaee thee. raam mohan roy ney pracheen upanishadik granthon seey tarkvaadi 'aadhunik' bhaarat kii drishti banaane kaa prayaas kiya. samajik roop seey, unhone chala rahey andhvishvason kii aalochana kii, aur ack ekeshwarwadi vaidik dharm mein vishvaas kiya. unakaa pramukh jore samajik sudhaar parr thaa. unhone jaati bhedbhaav key khilaf ladaai ladee aur mahilaaon key liye samaan adhikaaron kii vakaalat kii. haalaanki brahmanon koo british sarkaar aur pashchimeekrit bhaartiyon seey anukool pratikriya millie, lekin way apane bauddhik vedant aur ekaatmak vichaaron key kaaran badey paimaane parr badey hindu samaaj seey alag-thalag parh gaye they. lekin pracheen bhaaratiya granthon kii tarksangat aur taarkik vyakhya key aadhar parr hindu aadhyatmikta koo vyavasthit karane key unake prayason koo bangal aur poore bhaarat mein anya andolanon dwara aage badhaaya jaayega.
aarya samaaj.
aarya samaaj koo unnisvin shatabdi key uttaraardh key vyaapak hindu punarjagaran andolanon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye. aarya samaaj key sansthaapak swami dayanand ney murtipuja, jaati pratibandh aur asprishyata, baal vivaah koo khariz curr diyaa aur mahilaaon key liye samaan sthiti aur avsaron kii vakaalat kii. unhone "brahmanvad" (jisake baare mein unakaa maanana thaa kii vedon key gyaan mein bhrashtachar huaa thaa) kaa utanaa hii virodh kiya jitna kii unhone isai dharm aur islam kaa virodh kiya. halanki aarya samaaj koo aksar ack samajik andolan key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, lekin bhaaratiya swatantrata andolan key kaee krantikari aur raajneetik netaa jaise kii ramprasad bismill, bhagat sinh, shyamji krishnavarma, bhaai parmanand aur laala lajpat raay isase prerit honey vaale they.
swami vivekananda.
19veen shatabdi key ack anya hindu sudhaarak swami vivekananda they. ack chhaatr key roop mein vivekananda samkaaleen paschimi vichaar mein shikshit they. way ramkrishna seey milane seey pahale kuchh samay key liye brahm samaaj mein shamil hoe gaye, joe kalkatta mein devi kaali key mandir mein pujari they aur joe unake guru banane vaale they. prachyavaad, barahmasiwad aur saarvbhaumiktaa key prabhaav mein, vivekananda ney advait vedant kii punah vyakhya kii, ise hindu aadhyatmikta key saar key roop mein prastut kiya, aur maanav kii dharmikta key vikas key roop mein. yeh pariyojana brahm samaaj key raam mohan roy key saath shuru hui, jinhone ekaatmak church key saath sahyog kiya aur ack sakht ekeshwarwad kaa prachaar kiya. iss punah vyakhya ney nava-vedant kaa nirmaan kiya, jisamen advait vedant koo yog jaise vishayon aur samajik seva kii avadharana key saath jodaa gayaa thaa taaki tapasvi paramparaon seey poornata praapt kii jaa sakey jise vivekananda "vyaavhaarik vedant" kahate hain. vyaavhaarik paksh mein anivarya roop seey samajik sudhaar mein bhagidari shamil thee.
unhone hindu aadhyatmikta koo paschimi darshakon key liye bauddhik roop seey upalabdh karaaya. 11 sitambar 1893 koo shikago mein vishva dharmon kii sansad mein unake prasiddh bhaashan key baad paschim mein unake vichaaron kaa bhaari swaagat huaa aur unhein paschim mein aur baad mein bhaarat mein bhee ack prasiddh vyakti banaa diyaa. unake prabhaav koo abhee bhee lokpriya paschimi aadhyatmikta mein pahachaana jaa sakata haye, jaise kii advaitvaad, nae yug aur ramna maharshi kii pooja.
vivekananda key sandesh kaa ack pramukh tatva rashtravadi thaa. unhone hindu rashtra key punrutthan key sandarbh mein apane prayason koo bahut adhik dekhaa, joe hindu aadhyatmikta koo leey jaataa thaa aur joe paschimi bhautikvaad kaa mukabala curr sakata thaa. bhaarat kii sanskriti key khilaf paschimi sanskriti kii shreshthata kii dhaaranaon parr hindu aadhyatmikta key aadhar parr sawal uthaaye jaane they. yeh aaj hindu raashtravaad key liye bhee ack mukhya prerana bunn gayaa. rashtriya swayamsevak sangh (rss) key sabse sammaanit netaaon mein seey ack, babasaheb opte kaa aajivan priya vaakya thaa "vivekananda rss key liye geetaa kii tarah haye."kuchh itihaskaron ney dekhaa haye kii isase ack alag rashtriya pehchaan key saath navodit swatantrata andolan mein madad millie aur ise europeeya raashtravaad key saral vyutpann kaary seey door rakhaa.
20veen shatabdi mein hindu rajneeti aur raashtravaad koo aakar denaa.
shree arvind.
shree arvindo ack rashtravadi they aur bhaarat key liye poorna raajneetik swatantrata key vichaar koo apanaane vaale pahale logon mein seey ack they. way swami vivekananda key lekhan aur bankim chandra chattopadhyay key upanyason seey prerit they. unhone "bhaarat key liye swatantrata key apane daave koo swatantrata key antarnihit adhikaar parr adharit kiya, naa kii kissy bhee kushasana yaa utpeedan key aarop parr. unakaa maanana thaa kii rashtriya pragati, rashtriya sudhaar key liye praathamik aavashyakta, swatantra aur swasth rashtriya vichaar aur kaary kii swatantra aadat haye aur yeh kii daasata kii sthiti mein yeh asambhav thaa. way "anusheelan samiti" kaa hissa they, joe ack krantikari samooh thaa joe kewal chaar varshon key apane sankshipt raajneetik currier mein bhaaratiya swatantrata key lakshya kii disha mein kaam curr rhaa thaa, unhone 1907 key bhaaratiya rashtriya congress satra mein bangal seey ack pratinidhimandal kaa netritva kiya aur krantikari samachar patra bandey matram mein yogdan diyaa.
apane prasiddh "uttarpara bhaashan" mein unhone bhaarat key rashtravadi andolan key saar aur lakshya koo iss prakaar rekhaankit kiyaah
usee bhaashan mein, unhone hindu dharm kaa ack vyaapak drishtikon bhee diyaa, joe veer sawarkar aur deendayal upadhyay jaise baad key hindu rashtravadi vicharakon dwara vikasit bhoo-kendrit drishtikon seey bhinn haih
1910 mein, unhone raajneetik jeevan seey apana jeevan vaapas leey liya aur apana shesh jeevan aadhyatmik abhyaas aur lekhan mein bitaaya. lekin unake karyon ney prasiddh chittagong vidroh sahit swatantrata key liye krantikari aur sanghrshon koo prerit kiya. swami vivekananda aur shree arvindo donon koo hindu dharm kii aadhyatmikta aur viraasat mein bhaarat key liye swatantrata aur gaurav key drishtikon key liye aadhar sthaapit karane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye.
swatantrata andolan.
hindu punarjagaran andolanon kaa prabhaav aisaa thaa kii 20veen shatabdi key anta taka bhaaratiya raashtravaad key vichaaron key saath hindu saanskritik raashtravaad key vichaaron kaa sangam hoe gayaa thaa. donon koo sampradayik sampradayikta aur hindu bahusankhyakvaad key virodh mein pravrittiyon dwara bhee paryaayavaachi kahaa jaa sakata thaa. hindu punarjagaran andolanon kaa british shasson key khilaf krantikari andolanon parr kaafee prabhaav thaa aur beesavin shatabdi key pahale dashak mein utpann hue sanghrshon aur raajneetik andolanon key liye daarshanik aadhar banaa.
krantikari andolan.
anusheelan samiti aur jugantar.
beesavin shatabdi key shuruati bhaag mein anusheelan samiti bhaarat mein pramukh krantikari andolanon mein seey ack thee. ise 1902 mein ack saanskritik samaaj key roop mein arabindo aur bankim chandra key anuyaayiyon dwara bhagwad geetaa kii shikshaon kaa prachaar karane key liye shuru kiya gayaa thaa. lekin jald hii samiti kaa lakshya bhaarat mein british aupaniveshik shasson koo ukhaad fenkana thaa, joe kii upnagariya fitness clubon kii aadh mein bhaarat bhar mein faili samiti kii vibhinn shaakhaon mein thaa, lekin gupt roop seey apane sadasyon koo british aupaniveshik prashaasan key khilaf unakaa upayog karane key antarnihit uddeshya seey hathiyaron kaa prashikshan diyaa.
30 aprail 1908 koo muzaffarpur mein dou krantikariyon, khudiram boses aur prafulla chaaki ney british adhikaari kingsford koo lakshit karate hue ack british kafile parr bumm fenke. donon koo bhaagne kii koshish mein giraftar kiya gayaa. arvindo koo bhee 2 maee 1908 koo giraftar kiya gayaa aur alipur jail bhej diyaa gayaa. ingland mein bangal key tatkalin leftinent governor andreau fraser seey lord minto koo bheji gaee report mein ghoshana kii gaee kii halanki shree arvindo 1906 mein rashtriya mahavidyalaya mein professor key roop mein kalkatta aae they, "taba seey way krantikari party key pradhaan salaahkaar rahey hain. shararat key liye usaki kshamata koo rokna atyant mahatvapurna haye, kyonki vaha pramukh prerak haye aur aasaani seey upkaran sett curr sakata haye, ack dusare koo badalane key liye. lekin arvindo key khilaf aarop kabhi saabit naheen hue aur unhein burry curr diyaa gayaa. samooh key kaee sadasyon koo aaropon kaa saamana karna padaa aur unhein jeevan bhar key liye jail bhej diyaa gayaa. anya loga chhip gaye.
1910 mein, jaba arvindo ney raajneetik jeevan seey apana naam vaapas leey liya aur tyag kaa jeevan jeene kaa faisala kiya, tou anusheelan samiti mein girawat aaee. krantikariyon mein seey ack, bagha jatin, joe mukadame seey bachane mein kamyab rahey, ney ack samooh shuru kiya jise jugantar kahaa jaayega. jugantar ney aupaniveshik sarkaar key khilaf apane sashastr sangharsh koo jaari rakhaa, lekin isake pramukh sadasyon kii giraftari aur baad key parikshanon ney isake prabhaav koo kamjor curr diyaa. isake kaee sadasyon koo kukhyaat aurmaan cellular jail mein aajivan karawas kii sajaa sunai gaee thee.
india house.
1905 mein india house key naam seey landan mein ack sanskritvaadi aur aarya samajwadi shyamji krishnavarma dwara ack krantikari andolan shuru kiya gayaa thaa. iss andolan key peechhe kaa mastishk vee dee sawarkar kahaa jaataa thaa. krishnavarma ney ack masik "bhaaratiya samajshastri" bhee prakaashit kiya, jisamen british aupaniveshik sarkaar key khilaf ack sashastr sangharsh key vichaar kaa khule taur parr samarthan kiya gayaa thaa. yeh andolan landan mein bhaaratiya pravasiyon mein apani gatividhiyon key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa. jaba gaandhi ney 1909 mein landan kaa daura kiya, tou unhone krantikariyon key saath ack munch saajha kiya, jahaan donon paksh vinamrata seey ack hinsak sangharsh koo apanaane key sawal parr asahmat honey key liye sahmat hue aur kyaa ramayan ney iss tarah kii hinsa koo uchit thaharaaya. gaandhi ney yuva krantikariyon kii deshbhakti kii prashansa karate hue samajik parivartan key liye unake "hinsak khaake" seey "mukhar roop seey asahamati" jataai thee. badale mein, krantikariyon koo samvidhaanvaad kaa paalan karna aur bhaaratiya rashtriya congress key udaarvaadi netaaon key saath unake ghanishth sampark pasand naheen they. isake alawa, unhone unake "nishkriya pratirodh" key tareeke koo prabhaavshaali aur apmaanjanak maanaa.
krantikari madan laal dhingra dwara villium hutt karjan villie kii hatyaa key baad india house koo jald hii bund karane kaa saamana karna padaa, joe india house key karib thaa. sawarkar koo bhee aaropon kaa saamana karna padaa aur unhein leey jaaya gayaa. shyamji krishna verma peris bhaag gaye. india house ney una vichaaron koo rachanaatmak samarthan diyaa jinhen baad mein sawarkar ney apani pustak 'hindutva' mein taiyar kiya thaa. hindutva koo bhaaratiya swatantrata key liye prasangikta praapt karni thee aur raajneetik dall hindu mahasabha kii mool vichardhara kaa nirmaan karna thaa, jisake sawarkar 1937 mein adhyaksh baney. isane 1925 mein sthaapit rashtriya swayamsevak sangh key liye saumyokti "rashtriyatva" (raashtravaad) key tahat pramukh vichardhara kaa bhee gathan kiya, aur bhaaratiya zana sangh (vartamaan sattaaroodh bhaaratiya janata party) kii ack anya saumyokti "bhartiyata" (bhartiyata) key tahat.
bhaaratiya rashtriya congress.
laal-baal-paal.
"laal-bull-paal" vaha vakyansh haye jiska upayog teen rashtravadi netaaon laala lajpat raay, baal gangadhar tilak aur bipin chandra paal koo sandarbhit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, jinhone beesavin shatabdi key shuruati hisson mein bhaaratiya rashtravadi andolan aur swatantrata sangram parr apana prabhaav daala thaa.
laala lajpat raay panjab key uttari praant seey sambandhit they. way aarya samaaj seey bahut prabhaavit they aur hindu sudhaar andolan kaa hissa they. way 1888 mein bhaaratiya rashtriya congress mein shamil hue aur bhaaratiya swatantrata andolan mein ack pramukh vyakti bunn gaye. unhone kaee shaikshanik sansthaan shuru kiye. lahaur mein unake dwara shuru kiya gayaa rashtriya mahavidyalaya krantikari vichaaron kaa kendra bunn gayaa aur vaha mahavidyalaya thaa jahan bhagat sinh jaise krantikariyon ney adhyayan kiya. saiman commission key khilaf ack julus kaa netritva karate hue, vaha lathicharge mein gambhir roop seey ghayal hoe gayaa. unaki mrityu ney chandrasekhar aazad aur bhagat sinh jaise krantikariyon koo british pulis adhikaari jey. kii hatyaa karane key liye prerit kiya. pee. sanders, jinhen way maanate they kii laala lajpat raay kii mrityu key liye jimmedaar thaa.
baal gangadhar tilak madhya bhaaratiya praant maharashtra key ack rashtravadi netaa they. unhein vyaapak roop seey "bhaaratiya ashanti key pitaa" key roop mein saraha gayaa haye, jinhone bhaarat mein british prashaasan key khilaf ashanti paida karane key liye press aur ganesh chaturthi jaise hindu avsaron aur gaay jaise prateekon kaa upayog kiya. tilak 1890 mein bhaaratiya rashtriya congress mein shamil hoe gaye. aise netaaon key prabhaav mein, congress kaa raajneetik vimarsh vinamra aarop seey hatkar tilak key spasht daave kii or chalaa gayaa kii aupaniveshik shasson "gair-british" thaa kii "swaraj meraa janmasiddh adhikaar haye aur mujhe yeh milega".
bangal key bipin chandra paal bhaaratiya rashtravadi andolan key ack anya pramukh vyakti they, jinhen ack aadhunik hindu sudhaarak maanaa jaataa haye, joe hindu saanskritik raashtravaad key liye khade they aur sampradayik sampradayikta aur hindu bahusankhyakvaad key virodhi they. way 1886 mein bhaaratiya rashtriya congress mein shamil hue aur krantikari bhaarat sadan key pramukh sadasyon mein seey ack they.
gaandhi aur ramrajya.
haalaanki mahatma gaandhi ney kabhi bhee khud koo "hindu rashtravadi" naheen kahaa; unhone dharm jaisi avadhaaranaon mein vishvaas kiya aur unakaa prachaar kiya aur apane samajik aur raajneetik darshan key hisse key roop mein "ramrajya" (bhagwan raam key shasson) kii avadharana koo pesh kiya. gaandhi ney kahaa, "raajneetik swatantrata seey meraa matlab british house off commons, yaa roose key soviyat shasson yaa itali key fasiwadi shasson yaa germany key naazi shasson kii nakal naheen haye. unake paas apani pratibha key anukool pranaaliyan hain. hamein apane liye upayukt honah chaahiye. vaha kyaa hoe sakata haye, main usase kaheen adhik bataa sakata huun. maine ise ramrajya i key roop mein varnit kiya haye.ee., shuddh naitik adhikaar parr adharit logon kii samprabhuta."
gaandhi ney iss baat parr jore diyaa kii unake liye "ramrajya" kaa arth shaanti aur nyaay haye, unhone kahaa kii "ramrajya kaa pracheen aadarsh nissandeh sachche loktantra mein seey ack haye jisamen sabse matlabi nagrik ack vistrit aur mahangi prakriya key binaa twarit nyaay key baare mein sunishchit hoe sakata haye. unhone iss baat parr bhee jore diyaa kii iska matlab sabhi dharmon key liye sammaan haih "meraa hindu dharm mujhe sabhi dharmon kaa sammaan karna sikhaata haye. ramrajya kaa rahasya isi mein nihit haye.
jabaki gaandhi ney spasht kiya thaa kii "raam raajya seey meraa matlab hindu raaj naheen haye. meraa matlab haye raam raajya, divya raaj, ishwar kaa raajya, "raam raajya" kii unaki avadharana hindu raashtravaad mein ack pramukh avadharana bunn gaee.
madan mohan maalviya.
madan mohan maalviya, ack shikshaavid aur bhaaratiya rashtriya congress key ack rajneta bhee "bhagwad geetaa" (bhagwad geetaa) key darshan key mukhar samarthak they. way varsh 1909 aur 1918 mein bhaaratiya rashtriya congress key adhyaksh they. unhein congress mein 'udaarvaadi' key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa aur unhein gaandhi key bahut karib bhee maanaa jaataa thaa. unhone mundak upanishad seey sanskrit vakyansh "satyamev jayate" (kewal satya kii jeet) koo lokpriya banaaya, joe aaj bhaarat ganarajya kaa rashtriya aadarsh vaakya haye. unhone 1919 mein banaras hindu vishvavidyalaya kii sthaapana kii aur isake pahale kulpati baney.
subhash chandra boses.
gaandhi key alawa, krantikari netaa netaji subhash chandra boses ney vedant aur "bhagwad geetaa" koo bhaaratiya swatantrata sangram key liye prerana key srot key roop mein sandarbhit kiya.
saarvbhaumiktaa parr swami vivekananda kii shikshaon, unake rashtravadi vichaaron aur samaaj seva aur sudhaar parr unake jore ney subhash chandra boses koo unake bahut chhote dinon seey prerit kiya thaa. bhaarat key pracheen granthon kii naee vyakhya ney subhash koo bahut aakarshit kiya. hindu aadhyatmikta ney unake vayask jeevan key madhyam seey unake raajneetik aur samajik vichaar kaa aavashyak hissa banaaya, halanki isamen kattarta yaa roodhivaadita kii koee bhavna naheen thee. subhash, joe khud koo samajwadi kahate they, kaa maanana thaa kii bhaarat mein samaajvaad kii utpatti swami vivekananda seey hui haye. jaisa kii itihaaskaar leonard gorden bataate hain, "aantarik dhaarmik anveshan unake vayask jeevan kaa ack hissa baney rahey. isane unhein bhaaratiya paridrishya mein faile naastik samajvadiyon aur communists kii dheere-dheere badhati sankhya seey alag curr diyaa."gorden ney kahaa kii" "hindu dharm unaki bhartiyata kaa ack anivarya hissa thaa. british aupaniveshik sarkaar key khilaf unaki ranneeti mein hindu prateekon aur tyohaaron kaa upayog bhee shamil thaa. 1925 mein, jaba way mandale jail mein they, taba way bhookh hadtaal parr chaley gaye jaba durgapuja koo jail adhikaariyon dwara samarthan naheen diyaa gayaa thaa.
keshav baliram hejwar.
hindu raashtravaad key uday mein pramukh mahatva key ack anya netaa nagpur key keshav baliram hejwar they. kalkatta mein ack chikitsa chhaatr key roop mein hejwar hindu mahasabha, anusheelan samiti aur jugantar kii krantikari gatividhiyon kaa hissa rhaa thaa. 1921 mein british prashaasan ney una parr rajdroh kaa aarop lagaaya aur ack saal jail mein bitaaye. way kuchh samay key liye bhaaratiya rashtriya congress key sadasya they. 1925 mein, unhone hindu mahasabha key netaa bee. kii madad seey rashtriya swayamsevak sangh (rss) banaane key liye congress chhod dee. aiss. moonje, bapuji soney, gateji aadi.joe swatantra bhaarat mein hindu andolanon kaa kendra bindu bunn jaayega. unake dwara shuru kiya gayaa rashtriya swayamsevak sangh bhaarat key samajik aur raajneetik kshetron mein apane prabhaav key saath sabse pramukh hindu sangathanon mein seey ack bunn gayaa. 
1930 mein, jaba mahatma gaandhi ney british sarkaar key khilaf satyagrah andolan shuru kiya, tou hejwar ney apani vyaktigat kshamata mein andolan mein bhaag liya aur rss koo aadhikarik roop seey swatantrata andolan mein shamil naheen honey diyaa. aar. aiss. aiss. ney khud koo ack raajneetik dall key bajaay ack samajik andolan key roop mein chitrit kiya, aur kissy bhee bhaaratiya swatantrata andolan mein kendriya bhoomika naheen nibhai. haalaanki, rss ney musalmaanon key saath sahyog kii congress neeti koo dridhata seey khariz curr diyaa. baad mein, 1934 mein, congress ney apane sadasyon koo rss, hindu mahasabha yaa muslim leag mein shamil honey seey pratibandhit curr diyaa.
1940 mein hejwar kii mrityu key baad, aim. aiss. golwalkar sangathan key pramukh baney. aar. aiss. aiss. ney british virodhi gatividhiyon mein bhagidari seey bachana jaari rakhaa, kyonki golwalkar british aupaniveshik prashaasan koo aar. aiss. aiss. parr pratibandh lagaane kaa koee bahaana naheen denaa chaahte they. muslim leag dwara ack alag pakistan kii maang karane vaalaa lahaur prastaav paarit karane key baad, rss ney ack hindu rashtra key liye abhiyaan chalaaya, lekin swatantrata sangram seey door rhaa. jaba british aupaniveshik sarkaar ney sainya abhyaas aur gair-aadhikarik sangathanon mein vardi key upayog parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa, tou golwalkar ney aar. aiss. aiss. sainya vibhaag koo samaapt curr diyaa. aar. aiss. aiss. ney bhaarat chhodo andolan aur naa hii nausena vidroh mein koee bhoomika nibhai thee.
bangali hindu matribhoomi andolan.
bangali hindu matribhoomi andolan 1947 mein bangal key vibhajan key liye bangali hindu logon key andolan koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, taaki muslim leag key prastaav aur poore bangal praant koo pakistan key bheetar shamil karane key abhiyaan key maddenajar, bhaarat key bheetar apane liye ack matribhoomi kaa nirmaan kiya jaa sakey, joe british bhaarat key musalmaanon key liye ack matribhoomi honey thee. andolan 1946 key anta mein shuru huaa, vishesh roop seey mahaan kalkatta hatyaa aur noakhali narsamhar key baad, aprail 1947 mein mahatvapurna gati praapt kii aur anta mein 20 juuna 1947 koo safalata millie jaba hindu bahusankhyak kshetron key vidhayakon ney vibhajan key paksh mein apana faisala vaapas curr diyaa aur bangal kii adhyakshata koo paschim bangal aur purvi pakistan mein vibhajit curr diyaa gayaa.
swatantrata key baad.
nathuram godse dwara mahatma gaandhi kii hatyaa key baad, sangh parivaar sankat mein doob gayaa thaa jaba rss parr unaki hatyaa mein shamil honey kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. sajishkartaon aur hatyare key saath-saath, vinaayak damodar sawarkar koo bhee giraftar kiya gayaa thaa. adalat ney sawarkar koo burry curr diyaa, aur aar. aiss. aiss. koo sajishkartaon key saath poori tarah seey sumperkhein paaya gayaa. hindu mahasabha, jiska godse sadasya thaa, ney sadasyata aur lokpriyata khou dee. janata key akrosh key prabhaavon kaa hindu mahasabha parr sthaayi prabhaav padaa.
rashtriya swayamsevak sangh.
1925 mein shuru huaa rashtriya swayamsevak sangh bhaarat mein british shasson key anta taka vikasit hoe gayaa thaa. janwari 1948 mein mahatma gaandhi kii hatyaa rss key poorv sadasya nathuram godse ney curr dee thee. hatyaa key baad, rss key kaee pramukh netaaon koo giraftar curr liya gayaa, aur tatkalin grih mantri patel dwara 4 farwari 1948 koo ack sangathan key roop mein rss parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. hatyaa key sambandh mein adalati kaaryavaahi key dauran godse ney daavaa karna shuru curr diyaa kii unhone 1946 mein sangathan chhod diyaa thaa. tatkalin bhaaratiya upa pradhaan mantri aur grih mantri vallabhbhai patel ney tippani kii thee kii "rss key logon ney gaandhi kii mrityu key baad khushi vyakt kii aur mithaai vitarit kii.
abhiyukt aar. aiss. aiss. netaaon koo bhaarat kii sarvocch adalat dwara sajish key aarop seey burry curr diyaa gayaa thaa. agast 1948 mein apani rihaai key baad, golwalkar ney pradhaanmantri jawaharlal nehru koo aar. aiss. aiss. parr pratibandh hataane key liye likhaa. jaba nehru ney jawab diyaa kii mamla grih mantri kii jimmedaari haye, tou golwalkar ney isake baare mein vallabhbhai patel seey paramarsh kiya. patel ney taba ack poorna poorv-shart kii maang kii kii rss ack aupchaarik likhit samvidhaan koo apanaae aur ise saarvajanik karey, jahaan patel seey apeksha kii jaati haye kii rss bhaarat key samvidhaan key prati apani wafadari kii pratigya karey, bhaarat key rashtriya dhwaj key roop mein tirange koo sweekaar karey, sangathan key pramukh kii shakti koo paribhaashit karey, aantarik chunaav aayojit karke sangathan koo loktaantrik banaae, andolan mein kishoravastha seey pahale apane maataa-pitaa koo namankit karane seey pahale unake maataa-pitaa koo adhikrit karey, aur hinsa aur gopaniyata kaa tyag karey.
golwalkar ney iss maang key khilaf andolan shuru kiya, jisake dauran unhein phir seey jail bhej diyaa gayaa. baad mein, aar. aiss. aiss. key liye ack samvidhaan kaa masauda taiyar kiya gayaa, joe shuru mein patel kii kissy bhee maang koo puuraa naheen kartaa thaa. phir seey andolan karane key asafal prayaas key baad, antatah sangathan key pramukh key chayan aur poorv-kishoron key namankan kii prakriya key apavaad key saath patel kii ichchhaon key anusaar aar. aiss. aiss. key samvidhaan mein sanshodhan kiya gayaa. haalaanki, sangathan kaa aantarik loktantra joe isake samvidhaan mein likhaa gayaa thaa, ack 'mrit patra' banaa rhaa.
11 julaai 1949 koo, bhaarat sarkaar ney ack vigyapti jaari karke aar. aiss. aiss. parr pratibandh hataa diyaa, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii aar. aiss. aiss. parr pratibandh hataane kaa nirnay aar. aiss. aiss. netaa golwalkar key bhaarat key samvidhaan key prati samooh kii wafadari aur aar. aiss. aiss. key samvidhaan mein bhaarat key rashtriya dhwaj key prati sweekriti aur sammaan koo adhik spasht banaane key vachan koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue liya gayaa thaa, jise loktaantrik tareeke seey taiyar kiya jaanaa thaa.
pratibandh koo nirast kiye jaane key baad aar. aiss. aiss. ney apani gatividhiyon koo phir seey shuru kiya. 1960 key dashak mein rss key swayamsevakon koo vibhinn samajik aur raajneetik andolanon mein shamil hotey dekhaa gayaa. swayamsevakon kii ack badee upasthiti dekhane vaale andolanon mein pramukh gaandhi vinoba bhaave key netritva mein ack bhoomi sudhaar andolan, aur ack anya gaandhi jayaprakash narayan key netritva mein sarvodaya shamil they. aar. aiss. aiss. samarthit trade union, bhaaratiya mazdoor sangh aur raajneetik dall bhaaratiya zana sangh bhee dashak key anta taka kaafee pramukhta mein badh gaye.
ack anya pramukh vikas vishva hindu parishad (vee. aich. pee.) kaa gathan thaa, joe hindu dhaarmik netaaon kaa ack sangathan thaa, jise aar. aiss. aiss. dwara samarthit kiya gayaa thaa, jiska uddeshya vibhinn hindu dhaarmik sampradayon koo ekjut karna aur samajik sudhaar kii shuruat karna thaa. mumbai mein pahali vee. aich. pee. baithak mein anya logon key alawa sabhi shankaracharya, jaine netaa, sikh netaa master taaraa sinh malhotra, dalaai laama aur swami chinmayanand jaise samkaaleen hindu netaa shamil hue. apane praarambhik varshon seey, vee. aich. pee. ney shiksha aur swaasthya dekhbhal key kshetron mein, vishesh roop seey anusoochit jaatiyon, pichhade vargon aur adivasiyon key liye samajik kalyan karyakram shuru karate hue asprishyata aur jativad kii samajik buraaiyon parr ack thhos hamale kaa netritva kiya.
aar. aiss. aiss. swayamsevakon dwara shuru kiye gaye aur samarthit sangathanon koo saamoohik roop seey sangh parivaar key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. agale kuchh dashakon mein bhaarat key samajik aur raajneetik kshetra mein sangh parivaar key prabhaav mein sthir vriddhi dekhi gaee.
ayodhya vivaad.
ayodhya vivaad () bhaarat mein ack raajneetik, aitihaasik aur samajik-dhaarmik bahas haye, joe ayodhya jile, uttar pradesh mein sthit ayodhya shahar mein bhoomi key ack bhukhand parr kendrit haye. mukhya mudde paaramparik roop seey hindu devta raam key janmasthan key roop mein maane jaane vaale sthal taka pahunch, usa sthaan parr babri masjid kaa itihas aur sthaan, aur kyaa pichhale hindu mandir koo masjid banaane key liye dhwast kiya gayaa thaa yaa sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, key ird-gird ghoomate hain.
hindutva aur hindu rashtra.
sawarkar.
sawarkar beesavin shatabdi mein pahale logon mein seey ack they jinhone "hindu" shabd key nishchit varnan kaa prayaas kiya, jise unhone "hindutva" kahaa, jiska arth haye "hindunes". hindutva" shabd kaa sikka sawarkar dwara ack prayaas thaa joe gair-dhaarmik aur tarkvaadi they, ise kissy bhee dhaarmik arth seey jodane kaa prayaas kiya gayaa thaa joe isase judaa huaa thaa. unhone hindu shabd koo iss prakaar paribhaashit kiyaah "vaha joe bhaarat koo apani pitribhoomi aur pavitra bhoomi donon maanata haye. iss prakaar unhone hindutva ("hindu-dharm") yaa hindu koo hindu dharm seey alag key roop mein paribhaashit kiya. iss paribhasha ney abrahamik dharmon (yahudi dharm, isai dharm aur islam) koo apane dayare seey baahar rakhaa aur kewal deshi dhaarmik sampradayon koo hindu maanaa.
iss bhed parr dhaarmik prathaon key bajaay kshetriya nishtha key aadhar parr jore diyaa gayaa thaa. iss pustak mein joe khilafat andolan aur usake baad key malabar vidroh kii prishthabhoomi mein likhi gaee thee, sawarkar ney likhaa thaa kii "unaki [musalman aur isai] pavitra bhoomi arab yaa philistine mein bahut door haye. unaki pauranik kathaaen aur devta, vichaar aur naayak iss mitty key bachche naheen hain. natijatan, unake naam aur unake drishtikon videshi mool key hain. unakaa pyaar vibhajit haye.
sawarkar ney spasht curr diyaa thaa kii hindutva hindu dharm key samaan naheen haye aur yeh dharm yaa anushthaanon seey sambandhit naheen haye, balki bhaarat key rashtriya charitra kaa aadhar haye.
sawarkar ney hindu rashtra () kii avadharana koo bhee paribhaashit kiya. hindu rajneeti kii avadharana ney hindu logon aur unaki sanskriti key sanrakshan kaa ahwan kiya aur iss baat parr jore diyaa kii raajneetik aur aarthik pranaliyan paschim seey udhaar lii gaee avadhaaranaon key bajaay deshi vichaaron parr adharit honey chaahiye.
mukerjea.
mukerjea rashtravadi bhaaratiya zana sangh party key sansthaapak they, joe bhaaratiya janata party key poorvavarti they. mukerjea pakistan key pradhaanmantri koo nehru key nimantran aur donon deshon mein alpasankhyak aayogon kii sthaapana aur alpasankhyak adhikaaron kii guaranti key liye unake sanyukt samjhaute key khilaf they. vaha purvi pakistan seey laakhon hindu sharanarthiyon key bhayaanak pravaah key liye pakistan koo seedhe taur parr jimmedaar thaharaana chaahte they, jinhone raajya dwara sahaayata praapt dhaarmik daman aur hinsa key darr seey raajya chhod diyaa thaa.
rss key golwalkar key saath paramarsh key baad, mukerjea ney 21 octuber 1951 koo dilli mein bhaaratiya zana sangh kii sthaapana kii aur way isake pahale adhyaksh baney. bee. jey. aiss. vaichaarik roop seey rashtriya swayamsevak sangh key karib they aur vyaapak roop seey hindu raashtravaad kii raajneetik shakha maane jaate they. yeh bhaarat key musalmaanon key tushtikaran kaa virodh thaa. bee. jey. aiss. ney hinduon aur musalmaanon donon key liye vyaktigat kaanoon key mamalon koo niyantrit karane vaali ack samaan nagrik sanhita kaa bhee samarthan kiya, way gohatya parr pratibandh lagaana chaahte they aur muslim bahul raajya jammu aur kashmir koo diye gaye vishesh darje koo samaapt karna chaahte they. bee. jey. aiss. ney hindutva agenda kii sthaapana kii joe bhaarat key hindu bahumat kii vyaapak raajneetik abhivyakti bunn gaee.
mukerjea ney kashmir koo apane swayam key jhande aur pradhaanmantri key saath vishesh darja dene key bhaaratiya rashtriya congress key faisale kaa virodh kiya. congress key nirnay key anusaar, bhaarat key rashtrapati sahit koee bhee vyakti kashmir key pradhaanmantri kii anumati key binaa kashmir mein pravesh naheen curr sakata thaa. iss nirnay key virodh mein, vaha 11 maee 1953 koo kashmir mein pravesh kiya. usake baad, unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa aur ack jeern-sheern ghar mein jail bhej diyaa gayaa. shyama prasaad koo sookhi pleuricy aur coronary pareshaniyon kaa saamana karna padaa thaa, aur usee seey utpann jatilataon key kaaran unaki giraftari key dedh maheene baad unhein aspatal leey jaaya gayaa thaa. penicillin seey allergy key baare mein doctor-prabhaari koo soochit karane key bavjood unhein penicillin diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 23 juuna 1953 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee. mukerjea kii mrityu ney baad mein nehru koo permit pranali, "sadar-aeye-riyasat" key pada aur jammu aur kashmir key pradhaan mantri koo hataane key liye majboor kiya.
halanki mukerjea rss seey judey naheen they, lekin way rss aur vishva hindu parishad key sadasyon aur samarthakon dwara vyaapak roop seey sammaanit hain.
golwalkar.
aim. aiss. rashtriya swayamsevak sangh (rss) key dusare pramukh golwalkar ney apani pustak "vichaaron kaa samooh" mein "hindu" kii iss gair-dhaarmik, kshetriya nishtha adharit paribhasha koo aage badhaaya. hindutva aur hindu rashtra golwalkar kii vichardhara aur rss kii vichardhara kaa aadhar banenge.
dhaarmik bahulvaad parr jore dete hue, golwalkar kaa maanana thaa kii ardh-ekeshwarwad aur bahishkaranvaad mool hindu sanskriti key saath aur usake khilaf asangat they. unhone likhaah unhone jodaah 
unhone aage kshetriya nishtha parr sawarkar key vichaaron koo pratidhwanit kiya, lekin kuchh hudd taka samaveshita key saath, jaba unhone likhaa, "tou hamaare musalman aur isai saha-nagrikon seey joe kuchh bhee apekshit haye, vaha haye unake 'dhaarmik alpasankhyak' honey kii dhaaranaon koo chhodana aur unake videshi mansik rung koo bhee iss mitty kii samanya rashtriya dhaara mein vilay karna."
mahatma gaandhi kii hatyaa key baad, golwalkar aur hindu mahasabha key varishth netaaon jaise kii sharmila prasaad mukerjea ney zana sangh key roop mein ack naee raajneetik party kii sthaapana kii, hindu mahasabha key kaee sadasya zana sangh mein shamil hoe gaye.
deendayal upadhyay.
ack anya rss vichaarak, deendayal upadhyay ney samajik-aarthik mukti key saadhan key roop mein saamyvaad aur poonjeevaad donon koo aswikar karate hue, aprail 1965 mein bombe mein diye gaye chaar vyakhyanon key roop mein poorvavarti bhaaratiya zana sangh key raajneetik darshan key roop mein abhinn manavtavad koo prastut kiya.
samkaaleen vivaran.
baad mein aar. aiss. aiss. key vicharakon, jaise aich. vee. sheshadari aur key. aiss. raav, koo "hindu rashtra" shabd kii gair-ishwarshasit prakriti parr jore denaa thaa, jise way aksar aparyaapt roop seey anuvaadit, galat vyakhya aur ack ishwarshasit raajya key roop mein galat roodhivaadi maanate they. ack pustak mein, aich. vee. rss key varishth netaa, sheshadri likhate hain, "kyonki hindu rashtra ack dhaarmik avadharana naheen haye, yeh ack raajneetik avadharana bhee naheen haye. ise aam taur parr ack ishwarshasit raajya yaa ack dhaarmik hindu raajya key roop mein galat vyakhya kii jaati haye. rashtra (rashtra) aur raajya (raajya) poori tarah seey alag hain aur inhen kabhi bhee milaaya naheen jaanaa chaahiye. raajya vishuddh roop seey ack raajneetik avadharana haye. raajya badalata haye kyonki raajneetik adhikaar vyakti seey vyakti yaa party seey party mein badal jaataa haye. lekin rashtra mein loga vahee rahate hain. way yeh banaae rakhenge kii hindu rashtra kii avadharana dharmnirpekshata aur loktantra key siddhanton key saath poori tarah seey sahmat haye.
hindutva' kii avadharana kaa samarthan rss jaise sangathanon aur bhaaratiya janata party (bjp) jaise raajneetik dalon dwara kiya jaataa rhaa haye. lekin paribhasha mein sawarkar dwara nirdhaarit "pavitra bhoomi" kii avadharana key sambandh mein samaan kathorta naheen haye, aur samaveshvad aur deshbhakti parr jore detaa haye. bhajpa netaa aur tatkalin vipaksh key netaa ataal bihaari vajpayee ney 1998 mein hindutva mein "pavitra bhoomi" kii avadharana koo iss prakaar vyakt kiyaah "makka musalmaanon key liye pavitra banaa reh sakata haye lekin bhaarat koo unake liye pavitra seey adhik pavitra honah chaahiye. aap masjid mein jaa sakate hain aur namaaj padh sakate hain, aap "roja" rakh sakate hain. hamein koee samasya naheen haye. lekin aggar aapako makka yaa islam aur bhaarat key beach chayan karna haye tou aapako bhaarat chunana hoga. sabhi musalmaanon koo yeh bhavna honey chaahieh humm kewal iss desh key liye jeeyenge aur marenge."
1995 key ack aitihaasik faisale mein, bhaarat key sarvocch nyayalaya ney kahaa kii "aam taur parr, hindutva koo jeevan key ack tareeke yaa munn kii sthiti key roop mein samajha jaataa haye aur ise dhaarmik hindu kattarvaad key saath yaa usake saath naheen samajha jaanaa chaahiye. ack hindu hindu baney binaa ack gair-hindu dharm koo apana sakata haye aur choonki hindu kritrim roop seey sochane aur pooja key anya roopon, ajib devtaon aur alag-alag siddhanton koo galat yaa aapattijanak key bajaay aparyaapt maanane key liye taiyar haye, isaliye vaha maanata haye kii sarvocch divya shaktiyan duniya aur maanav jaati kii bhalai key liye ack-dusare key poorak hain."
nepal mein hindu rashtra andolan.
2008 mein, maovadiyon key netritva mein nepali grihyuddh key baad nepal koo ack dharmnirpeksh raajya ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa aur isake baad 2006 kii nepali kranti ney nepal key rajshahi koo samaapt curr diyaa thaa. dharmnirpeksh ganarajya banane seey pahale, nepal kaa raajya duniya kaa ekmatra aisaa desh thaa jisake raajya dharm key roop mein hindu dharm thaa. isake baad, rashtriya prajatantra party nepal ney rajshahi aur hindu raajya kii punah sthaapana kaa samarthan karane key liye apane samvidhaan koo badal diyaa. disambar 2015 mein, kathmandu mein ack hindu samarthak aur rajshahi samarthak virodh pradarshan aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. see. pee. aine.-maovadi prachand key adhyaksh ney daavaa kiya kii raajya dwara musalmaanon parr atyachar kiya jaataa thaa aur unhone muslim mukt morcha kii muslim bheed koo samudaay koo khush karane aur muslim samarthan hassil karane key liye musalmaanon koo vishesh adhikaar dene kaa ashvasana diyaa kyonki unaki party koo 2008 key nepali samvidhaan sabhaa chunaav key dauran taraai kshetra mein nuksan kaa saamana karna padaa thaa. haalaanki, 2015 mein rashtriya prajatantra party nepal dwara nepal mein "hindu rashtra" abhiyaan key dauran, nepali muslim samoohon ney nepal koo ack "hindu rashtra" (hindu rashtra) honey kii maang kii, jisake tahat unhone dharmnirpeksh samvidhaan kii tulanaa mein "surakshit mahsoos" karane kaa daavaa kiya. nepali muslim samoohon ney yeh bhee kahaa kii nepal mein isai dharm key badhate prabhaav joe anya sabhi dharmon key khilaf dharmaantaran koo badhaava dete hain, way chaahte hain kii nepal kii ack hindu raajya pehchaan hoe jisake tahat sabhi dharm sanrakshit houn. muslim netaa baabu khaan pathaan, joe muslim rashtravadi munch nepalganj key adhyaksh hain, ney hindu rashtra abhiyaan kaa samarthan kiya aur daavaa kiya kii baink jile key 80 pratishat muslim nagrikon ney hindu raajya kii bahaali kaa samarthan kiya. unhone nepal mein hindu raajya key samarthan key liye nimnalikhit spashteekaran diyaah
2017 key nepali aam chunaav key liye party key ghoshanapatra kii ghoshana karate hue, hindu samarthak rashtriya prajatantra party nepal key adhyaksh kamal thapa ney kahaa kii hindu raajya kaa darja rashtriya ekataa aur sthirata sthaapit karane kaa ekmatra saadhan haye. unhone kahaa kii raajya kaa dharmnirpekshata aam janata kii bhagidari key binaa kiya gayaa thaa aur iss prakaar, iss mudde parr ack janmat sangrah honah thaa. isake alawa, chapperson thapa ney tark diyaa kii nepal kaa dharmnirpeksh ganarajya mein roopaantaran nepal kii rashtriya pehchaan koo kamjor karane kaa ack sangathit prayaas thaa aur dhaarmik dharmaantaran ney swadeshi aur dalit samudaayon koo gambhir roop seey prabhaavit kiya haye. rashtriya prajatantra party nepal ney dhaarmik swatantrata vaale hindu raajya key liye samarthan vyakt kiya haye aur 19 march, 2017 koo iss tarah key sanshodhan prastaav koo panjikrit kiya haye.
30 navambar 2020 koo kathmandu mein hindu samarthak aur rajshahi samarthak virodh pradarshan aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. pokhara aur butwal jaise anya pramukh shaharon mein bhee isi tarah key virodh pradarshan hue.
4 disambar 2020 koo, maitighar mein saamoohik virodh pradarshan aayojit kiya gayaa joe samvaidhaanik rajshahi key saath hindu raajya kii bahaali kii maang karate hue nae baneshwar mein samaapt huaa. pradarshankariyon ney rashtriya dhwaj aur aadhunik nepal key sansthaapak pitaa, raajaa prithvi narayan shaah key poster liye aur hindu raajya key samarthan mein naare lagaae. pradarshankariyon ney daavaa kiya kii hindu raajya kaa darja rashtriya ekataa aur logon kii bhalai kaa ack saadhan haye. iss virodh koo sabse badey rajshahi samarthak pradarshanon mein seey ack maanaa jaataa haye.
11 janwari 2021 koo, rajshahi key saath hindu raajya kii bahaali kii maang koo laker kathmandu mein badey paimaane parr virodh pradarshan hue. pradhaanmantri karyalaya key aspas pradarshankariyon parr pulis ney lathicharge kiya, jisake parinamswarup pradarshankariyon ney pattharon aur dandon seey jawab diyaa. agast 2021 mein, poorv nepali senaa general rukmangud katawal key netritva mein isi tarah key virodh pradarshan bhee dekhe gaye they.

