
paul reaves

surr paul alfred reaves, (6 disambar 1932-14 agast 2011) newzealand key ack paadari aur sivil sevak they, jinhone 1980 seey 1985 taka newzealand key archbishop aur primate key roop mein seva kii aur 20 navambar 1985 seey 20 navambar 1990 taka newzealand key 15vein governor-general they. way maori vansh key pahale governor-general they. unhone 2005 seey apani mrityu taka ockland praudyogiki vishvavidyalaya key teesare kuladhipati key roop mein bhee kaary kiya.
praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha.
reaves kaa janm 6 disambar 1932 koo wellington, newzealand mein huaa thaa, joe hilda pirihira seey apani shaadi seey dee 'arcy reaves key bete they, joe vaikawa seey neutown chaley gaye they, joe wellington kaa ack mazdoor varg upnagar thaa. hilda maori vansh kii thee, tey aati vaa "ivi" kii thee; dee 'arcy pakaa thee aur tramway key liye kaam karati thee.
reaves ney wellington college aur victoria college, newzealand vishvavidyalaya (abb victoria vishvavidyalaya) mein shiksha praapt kii, jahan unhone 1955 mein kalaa snaatak aur 1956 mein kalaa mein master key saath snaatak kiya. unhone sent johns college, ockland mein ack angreji paadari key roop mein samanvaya key liye adhyayan kiya, 1958 mein dharamshastra mein apana licenses praapt kiya.
dharmopadeshak aur pujari key roop mein mantralaya.
reaves koo 1958 mein decan niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. tokoroa mein ack sankshipt curacy kii seva karane key baad, unhone ingland mein 1959-64 avadhi bitaai. 1959 seey 1961 taka way sent peater college, oxford (kalaa snaatak 1961, kalaa master 1965) mein ack unnat chhaatr they aur saath hii sent mairi dha virgine key vishvavidyalaya church mein sahayak curate they. unhein 1960 mein paadari niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhone ingland mein dou aur curacy kii seva kii, pahale kirkley sent peater (1961-63) mein, phir levisham sent mairi (1963-64) mein.
newzealand lautate hue, reaves okato sent paul (1964-66) key paadari, sent johns college, ockland (1966-69) mein church itihas mein vyakhyata aur ockland key anglican diosis (1969-71) key liye isai shiksha key nideshak they.
bishap, archbishop aur primate key roop mein mantralaya.
1971 mein reaves koo vaiyapu kaa bishap niyukt kiya gayaa aur 25 march koo unhein dharmopadeshak key roop mein samarpit kiya gayaa. way 1979 seey 1985 taka ockland key bishap they, aur isake alawa 1980 seey 1985 taka newzealand key anglican key netaa, newzealand key archbishop aur primate key roop mein they.
iss dauran reaves ney paryaavaran parishad (1974-76) key adhyaksh key roop mein bhee kaary kiya, aur unhone newzealand mein churchon kii rashtriya parishad (1984-85) key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya.
reaves rauling (shram pradhaan mantri bill rauling key punah chunaav key liye abhiyaan) key liye nagrikon key samarthak they.
governor-general.
niyukti.
pradhaan mantri david laing kii salah parr, raani elizabeth dwiteeya ney reaves koo 20 navambar 1985 seey newzealand kaa 15vaan governor-general niyukt kiya. unaki niyukti koo kuchh sandeh kaa saamana karna padaa kyonki 1981 key springboke daure kaa virodh karate hue, rauling key liye nagrikon mein unaki pichhali raajneetik bhagidari aur iss tathya key kaaran kii vaha ack angreji bishap they. vipaksh key netaa zim mccully ney inn aadharon parr niyukti kaa virodh karate hue poochha, "ack niyukt pujari usa [samvaidhaanik] bhoomika koo kaise puuraa curr sakata haye?"kaee maori samoohon ney niyukti kaa swaagat kiya, surr james henare ney tark diyaa kii" hamaare logon mein seey kissy vyakti koo dekhana vetangi kii sandhi kaa phal honah chaahiye."way iss pada parr aaseen honey vaale pahale (aur vartamaan taka ekmatra) maulavi they. isake alawa, taranaki key tey aati vaa key puketapu "hapu" key sadasya key roop mein, way maori vansh key pahale governor-general they.
karyakal.
ack paadari key roop mein, reaves ney governor-general kii sainya vardi naheen pahanane kaa vikalp chunaa. apane karyakal key dauran, reaves neutown residents association mein shamil hoe gaye, aur usa association key sadasyon koo sarkari ghar, wellington jaane key liye aamantrit kiya. unhone 7 octuber 1990 koo sarkari bhawan mein pahale khule dinn kii mejbani kii, aur governor-general kii bhoomika koo badhaava dene key liye pahale saarvajanik mamalon key adhikaari, sindi beavis koo niyukt kiya.
reaves 20 navambar 1990 taka karyalaya mein rahey. unake baad dame catherine tizzard ney padbhar sambhala.
vivaad.
reaves key karyakal key dauran, chauthi shram sarkaar ney newzealand kii arthavyavastha mein amulchul badalaav kiye, jise baad mein rogarnomics key roop mein jaanaa gayaa. navambar 1987 mein reaves ney rogarnomics kii aalochana karate hue kahaa kii sudhaar "ack teji seey stareekrit samaaj" kaa nirmaan curr rahey they. unhein laing dwara inn tippaniyon key liye fatkaar lagaai gaee thee, lekin baad mein maee 1988 mein kahaa gayaa thaa...bajar kii aatma kamjor logon seey jeevan churaa letee haye lekin bhagwan kii aatma sabhi koo jeevan detee haye. reaves ney baad mein yaad kiya kii yeh sarkaar key saath "alag honey key tarikon" koo chihnit kartaa haye.
reaves ney yeh bhee yaad kiya kii "mujhe akela rahane kaa thodaa saa ehsas thaa aur mujhe lagaa kii mujhe aur adhik dhyaan mein rakhane kii aavashyakta haye, yaa gambhirta seey liya jaanaa chaahiye."reaves ney raani koo patra likhaa, lekin unhein seedhe raani seey jawab naheen milaa. unhone kahaa, "main raani koo patra likh curr iss baare mein apani raay vyakt kartaa thaa aur yeh kii desh mein iss parr chala rhaa haye aur mujhe unase seedha jawab naheen milata thaa, lekin mujhe hamesha unake niji sachiv seey ack lamba jawab milata thaa, joe maine liya thaa vaha thaa unake drishtikon koo vyakt karna."
1988 mein vanuatu kii raajkeeya yatra parr, reaves koo ack samaroh mein ack suar koo maarne key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa, jisase vivaad paida hoe gayaa kyonki vaha jaanvaron key prati krurta kii roktham key liye royal newzealand samaaj key sanrakshak they. baad mein unhone sanrakshak key roop mein istifa dey diyaa. isake baad isi tarah kii ack ghatana hui jaba reaves ack party key sadasya they jisane disambar 1989 mein newzealand key upa-antarctic dweepon kii yatra key dauran ack luptapray pakshi koo goli maar dee thee. pakshi ack halka-naram albatross thaa aur vanyajeev adhiniyam 1953 key tahat sanrakshit thaa, halanki sanrakshan vibhaag key dakshini bhoomi sanchaalan prabandhak lau sanson ney sweekaar kiya kii golibari durghatnavash hui thee.
sevaanivritti.
vicerigal karyalaya seey apani sevaanivritti key baad, reaves newyork mein sanyukt rashtra mein angreji salaahkaar parishad paryavekshak (1991-93) aur newyork key sahayak bishap (1991-94) bunn gaye. 1994 seey 1995 taka unhone kuchh samay key liye tey vaare vananga oh tey rau kahikate (tey pihoptanga oh aoteroa key dharamshastriya mahavidyalaya, aur sent johns college, ockland key ack ghatak sadasya) key deane key roop mein kaary kiya. way dakshin africa mein rashtramandal paryavekshak samooh key upa netaa, nelson mandela foundation key adhyaksh aur edinberg vishvavidyalaya mein antarrashtriya sambandhon key montag berton professor bhee they.
reaves 1995 seey 1997 taka fiji samvidhaan sameeksha aayog kii adhyakshata karate rahey, jiska samaapan rashtramandal mein fiji key punah pravesh mein huaa, 2000 mein isake nilamban taka. 12 disambar 2007 koo yeh bataaya gayaa kii reaves 2006 key fiji takhtapalat key baad, fiji key saal bhar key raajneetik sankat koo hull karane key liye "gupt vaarta" mein shamil they.
2004 mein, reaves ney newzealand ganarajya key samarthan mein ack bayaan diyaa, jisamen kahaa gayaa thaa kii "...yadi kissy ganarajya kaa nagrik honey key liye night kii upaadhi kaa tyag karna ack poorv shart thee, tou mujhe lagata haye kii yeh isake laayak hoga."
reaves ney farwari 2005 seey agast 2011 taka ockland praudyogiki vishvavidyalaya key kuladhipati key roop mein kaary kiya.
julaai 2011 mein, reaves ney ghoshana kii kii unhein cancer kaa pataa chalaa haye, aur isaliye way sabhi saarvajanik jimmedariyon seey sevaanivritt hoe rahey hain. 14 agast 2011 koo 78 varsh kii ayu mein cancer seey unakaa nidhan hoe gayaa.
sammaan aur anya puraskar.
reaves koo raani elizabeth dwiteeya rajat jayanti padak (1977) seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, unhein aprail 1982 mein jerusalam key sent johnn key aspatal key sabse aadaraniya adesh kaa paadari niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, 1985 key raani key janmadin key sammaan mein night batchler, 6 navambar 1985 koo sent michael aur sent george key adesh kaa night grand cross, 1986 mein jerusalam key sent johnn key aspatal key sabse aadaraniya adesh kaa night off justice, aur 2 march 1986 koo shaahi victorian adesh kaa night grand cross. 1990 mein vaha raani key seva adesh kaa saathi bunn gayaa. reaves koo bhee fiji key adesh kaa saathi banaaya gayaa thaa.
reaves dwara "surr" sheershak kaa upayog karane key baare mein kuchh chinta thee, kyonki ingland key church mein paadari varg key sadasyon koo aamtaur parr night kii upaadhi diye jaane parr yeh upaadhi naheen milati haye, aur yahee niyam sambhavatah newzealand mein anglican church parr lagu hotaa haye. isake alawa, paadari varg koo paaramparik roop seey dub naheen kiya jaataa haye. raani koo ack ajib sthiti mein daalane seey bachane key liye (governor-general koo parampara key anusaar buckingham palace mein vyaktigat roop seey night kii upaadhi dee jaati thee), usa samay key pradhaan mantri, david laing ney reaves seey milane seey pahale unhein ack night kunwara banaa diyaa thaa. natijatan, jaba reaves raani seey sent michael aur sent george key order kaa night grand cross praapt karane key liye gayaa, tou vaha pahale seey hii surr paul thaa.
vetangi divas 2007 parr reaves koo newzealand key sarvocch sammaan seey sammaanit kiya gayaa, jise order off newzealand mein bharti kiya gayaa.
oxford vishvavidyalaya ney unhein 1985 mein doctor off sivil low kii degree pradaan kii aur unake college, sent peaters ney unhein 1981 mein maanad fellow aur 1994 mein ack trusty niyukt kiya. sent johns college, ockland kii fellowship 1989 mein hui. unhein anya maanad upaadhiyan praapt hui hain, jinamen victoria vishvavidyalaya off wellington (1989), samanya dharamshastriya madarsa, newyork (1992) kii dee. dee. aur edinberg vishvavidyalaya (1994) kii "doctor onris kausa" kii degree shamil haye.
2006 mein niyamon mein parivartan ney unhein jeevan key liye "sammaanit" shally kaa upayog karane kii anumati dee.