
1792 key sainya adhiniyam

1792 mein doosari sanyukt raajya congress dwara adhiniyamit dou milicia adhiniyamon ney milicia key sangathan key liye pradaan kiya aur sanyukt raajya key rashtrapati koo aasann aakraman yaa vidroh key samay mein raajya milicia kii kamaan sambhaalane kaa adhikaar diyaa. 
rashtrapati key adhikaar kaa jeevan dou saal kaa thaa aur 1794 mein whisky vidroh koo dabaane key liye iska ahwan kiya gayaa thaa. 1795 mein, congress ney 1795 key milicia adhiniyam koo lagu kiya, joe 1792 key samaapt hoe chuke adhiniyamon key praavdhaanon koo pratibimbit kartaa haye, sivaay isake kii rashtrapati key adhikaar koo sthaayi banaa diyaa gayaa thaa. americi grihyuddh key dauran adhiniyamit 1862 key milicia adhiniyam ney 1792 aur 1795 key adhiniyamon key anivarya bharti praavdhaan mein sanshodhan kiya, joe mool roop seey 18 aur 45 varsh kii ayu key beach pratyek "swatantra roop seey saksham safed purush nagrik" parr lagu hotaa haye, taaki african-americi logon koo milicia mein seva karane kii anumati dee jaa sakey. 18 aur 54 varsh kii ayu key beach, jaati kii parwah kiye binaa, sabhi purushon parr nayaa anivarya bharti praavdhaan lagu huaa. 1903 key milicia adhiniyam ney 1795 key milicia adhiniyam koo nirast aur pratisthaapit curr diyaa aur sanyukt raajya america mein "sangathit milicia" key nikaay key roop mein sanyukt raajya america key rashtriya rakshak kii sthaapana kii.
prishthabhoomi.
1665 mein angreji sansad dwara "iss raajya key kaee county mein balon koo adesh dene key liye ack adhiniyam" seey milicia adhiniyam kii utpatti kaa pataa lagaaya jaa sakata haye.
7 aprail, 1783 koo alekjendar hamilton kii adhyakshata mein ack samiti kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen james maddison bhee shamil they, taaki yeh nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakey kii desh kii sainya shaanti sthaapana kranti key baad kyaa honey chaahiye. hamilton ney pahali baar samiti kii yojana 18 juuna koo prastut kii, joe 1783 key pensylvania vidroh key roop mein jaane jaane seey sirf dou dinn pahale thee. trenton, nyu jersey mein congress key khud koo phir seey sthaapit karane key baad, samiti kii report phir seey 23 octuber koo prastut kii gaee thee.
usa samay yeh samajha gayaa thaa kii rashtrapati key paas sanyukt raajya key samvidhaan key tahat milicia koo bulaane kii swatantra shakti naheen thee aur aisaa karane key liye sanyukt raajya congress dwara vaidhaanik pradhikaran kii aavashyakta thee.
general arther sent dwara bhaari nuksan key baad milicia adhiniyam paarit kiye gaye they. 1791 mein wabash kii ladaai mein clair kii senaa, jaba lagbhag 1,000 americi americi bhaartiyon key paschimi sangh key khilaf ladaai mein maare gaye. vyaapak bhaya thaa kii bhaaratiya senaayen congress key avkash key dauran apani jeet kaa fayda uthaayengi. sent. clair kii haar key liye aanshik roop seey unaki senaa key kharaab sangathan aur upkaranon koo doshi thaharaaya gayaa thaa. antim aavashyak anusamarthan parr congress taka pahunchane vaale dusare sanshodhan koo saksham karane key liye 8 janwari, 1792 koo, congress ney sainya adhiniyamon koo paarit kiya, joe sthagan seey pahale antim dinn hoe sakata haye.
1792 kaa pahala milicia adhiniyam.
pahala 2 maee, 1792 koo paarit kiya gayaa thaa, aur rashtrapati koo kaee raajyon key milicia koo bulaane kaa adhikaar pradaan kiya gayaa thaa, "jaba bhee sanyukt raajya parr aakraman kiya jaayega, yaa kissy videshi rashtra yaa bhaaratiya janjaati seey aakraman key aasann khatare mein hoga. (kalaa. aaee, ss. 1) 
adhiniyam ney rashtrapati koo milicia koo sanghiya seva mein bulaane key liye bhee adhikrit kiya "jaba bhee sanyukt raajya key kaanoonon kaa virodh kiya jaayega yaa kissy bhee raajya mein, nyaayik kaaryavaahi key samanya pathyakram dwara dabaaye jaane key liye bahut shaktishali sanyojanon dwara, yaa iss adhiniyam dwara marshel mein nihit shaktiyon dwara, isake nishpaadan mein baadha daali jaayegi. (kalaa. aaee, ss. 2) iss praavdhaan ney sambhavatah shaze key vidroh jaise vidrohon koo sandarbhit kiya. 
donon mamalon mein rashtrapati kaa adhikaar rashtrapati parr sashart thaa, ghoshana dwara, vidrohiyon koo "ack seemit samay key bheetar, apane-apane gharon mein shantipurna roop seey sevaanivritt honey kaa adesh dene key liye."
donon mamalon mein rashtrapati kaa adhikaar dou saal baad congress key satra key anta mein samaapt honah thaa. 1795 key milicia adhiniyam dwara, congress ney 1792 adhiniyam key praavdhaanon koo phir seey lagu kiya, sivaay isake kii rashtrapati key adhikaar koo milicia koo bulaane key liye sthaayi banaa diyaa gayaa thaa.
1792 kaa doosara milicia adhiniyam.
8 maee, 1792 koo paarit kiya gayaa thaa aur raajya senaaon key sangathan aur 18 aur 45 varsh kii ayu key beach pratyek "swatantra roop seey saksham shwet nagrik" kii anivarya bharti key liye pradaan kiya gayaa thaah
milicia sadasyon koo ack bandook, beyonet aur belt, dou spare flint, ack boxes jisamen cumm seey cumm 24 upayukt cartridge honey chaahiye, aur ack napsack seey khud koo lais karane kii aavashyakta thee. vaikalpik roop seey, namankit sabhi koo khud koo ack rifle, ack pouder horn, 1/4 pound barud, 20 rifle genden, ack shott-pouch aur ack napsack pradaan karna thaa. congress key sadasyon, stagecoach chalakon aur nauka chalakon sahit kuchh vyavsaayon parr chhoot lagu kii gaee. 
senaaon koo "division, brigade, resiment, batalian aur companiyon" mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa kyonki raajya vidhaansabhaaen nirdeshit karati theen. aakraman yaa kaanoon pravartan mein baadha key mamle mein rashtrapati dwara milicia koo bulaane koo niyantrit karane vaale pahale adhiniyam key praavdhaanon koo dusare adhiniyam mein jaari rakhaa gayaa thaa. kaanoon ney aadeshon kii avagya karane vaale milicia sadasyon key khilaf adalat kii yuddh kaaryavaahi koo adhikrit kiya.
upayog aur baad key sanshodhan.
george washington pahale rashtrapati they jinhone 1794 mein (1792 key adhiniyam kii samaapti seey thheek pahale) paschimi pensylvania mein whisky vidroh koo dabaane key liye milicia koo bulaaya thaa. washington ney 7 agast, 1794 koo ack ghoshana jaari kii, jisamen iss adhiniyam koo lagu kiya gayaa aur vidroh koo dabaane key liye 13,000 milicia koo bulaaya gayaa.
congress ney 1795 key milicia adhiniyam koo paarit kiya, joe badey paimaane parr 1792 key adhiniyam key praavdhaanon koo pratibimbit kartaa haye, lekin rashtrapati key adhikaar koo milicia koo sthaayi roop seey bulaane key liye banaa detaa haye.
1808 key milicia adhiniyam ney raajya key milicia koo hathiyaron aur upkaranon key liye dhana pradaan kiya. 1795 key milicia adhiniyam koo 1862 key milicia adhiniyam dwara sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa, jisane african-americi logon koo milicia mein seva karane kii anumati dee thee.
1792 aur 1795 key adhiniyamon ney raajya banaam sanghiya milicia niyantran key sawal koo ansulajha chhod diyaa. natijatan, sanghiya sarkaar rashtriya raksha key liye lagaatar senaaon parr bharosa naheen curr sakee. udaaharan key liye, 1812 key yuddh key dauran, newyork milicia key sadasyon ney kanada mein angrejon key khilaf abhiyaanon mein bhaag lene seey incar curr diyaa, yeh tark dete hue kii unaki ekmatra jimmedaari apane grih raajya kii raksha karna thaa. ack anya avsar parr, vermont key governor ney apane raajya key milicia koo platsburg kii raksha seey vaapas bulaane kaa asafal prayaas kiya, yeh daavaa karate hue kii unake liye vermont key baahar kaam karna avaidh thaa.
parinamswarup, 1812 key yuddh seey shuru hocker, sanghiya sarkaar niyamit senaa key aakar kaa vistaar karane key liye "swayamsevak" ikaaiyon kaa nirmaan karegi. yeye swayamsevak ikaaiyaan milicia naheen theen, haalaanki unamen aksar poori milicia ikaaiyaan shamil hoti theen jinhone swechha seey "saamoohik roop seey" kaam kiya thaa aur naa hii way niyamit senaa kaa hissa they. haalaanki, way pratyaksh sanghiya niyantran mein aaa gaye. iss samadhan koo maxican-americi yuddh (1846-48) key dauran aur americi grihyuddh (1861-65) key dauran sangh senaa mein bhee niyojit kiya gayaa thaa. spanish-americi yuddh (1898) key dauran kuchh swayamsevak ikaaiyon kaa bhee ayojan kiya gayaa thaa. sanghiya sarkaar ney kaee rashtriya rakshak ikaaiyon koo bhee sangathit kiya, jinhone swechha seey "saamoohik roop seey" kaam kiya aur swayamsevi ikaaiyon key roop mein sweekaar kiya gayaa. 
1795 key adhiniyam koo 1903 key milicia adhiniyam dwara pratisthaapit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jisane sanyukt raajya america mein sangathit sainya bhandar key mukhya nikaay key roop mein sanyukt raajya america key rashtriya rakshak koo sthaapit kiya thaa.