
zain all-deen qaraaja

zain all-deen qaaraaja begg (; 1279-11 disambar 1353) ack turk pradhaan thaa jisane dakshini anatolia aur uttari seeriya mein dulkadirid riyasat kii sthaapana kii, jisane 1337 seey 1353 taka shasson kiya. apane aarohan seey pahale, qaaraaja ney mamluon kii uttari seema key prashaasan parr ack anya sthaaniya turkman sardar, τARAqlu key saath pratispardha kii. mamluk sultan all-nasir muhammad seey maanyata praapt karane key baad, vaha unake shareer key charam parr ack graahak raajya kaa pramukh bunn gayaa. apane shasson key dauran, qaraaja adhik mahatvakankshi hoe gayaa aur vibhinn mamluk rajyapalon key saath bhid gayaa joe usake badhate prabhaav key khilaf they. qaaraaja ney mamlukon key bheetar raajneetik uthal-puthal kaa fayda uthaaya aur 1348 mein swatantrata kii ghoshana kii. haalaanki, isake kaaran unhein karawas hoe gayaa aur baad mein 1353 mein fansi dee gaee.
praarambhik jeevan aur prishthabhoomi.
terahavin shatabdi key dauran, dakshini anatolia mein marash key aspas key kshetra parr silicia key armenian samrajya kaa shasson thaa. yeh kshetra 1298 mein misra key mamluk saltanat key adheen aaya. qaraaja turkey key prabhuon mein seey ack thaa, yaa vahaan rahane vaale loga they, jinhen mamlukon dwara kshetra key hisse kaa prashaasan karane kaa adhikaar diyaa gayaa thaa. qaaraaja ney usee samay key aspas dulkadirid riyasat kii sthaapana kii jaba madhya aur purvi anatolia mein eratenids ubhare, joe turkey-mangol adhikaari eretna key netritva mein ilkhanids seey alag raajya thaa.
qaaraaja sambhavatah bayaat janjaati seey sambandhit thaa. 1310 yaa 1311 mein apane pitaa kii mrityu key baad vaha uttari seeriya mein bojok adiwasi sangh kaa netaa bunn gayaa. sroton mein unakaa pahala ullekh 1317 seey maanaa jaataa haye, jaba mamluk sultan all-nasir muhammad ney birga mein rahane vaale ack turk swami koo "ameer" kii upaadhi dee thee.
satta mein aanaa.
ack anya sthaaniya shaasak, tatarakalu khaalil binn tarafi ney pahale eratenids seey albistan parr kabja curr liya thaa. mamlukon key prati nishtha kaa sankalp laker kshetra parr apane adhikaar kaa vistaar karane key liye, tarakalu ney aleppo, altunbogha key ameer koo 100 ghodon kaa upahaar bheja aur carro mein sultan kaa daura kiya. apani raajneetik upasthiti key liye iss khatare key jawab mein, qaraaja ney apane bete khaalil koo tatarakalu key khilaf aakraman kaa netritva karane key liye bheja. 1335 yaa 1337 mein albistan parr dulkadirid ney kabja curr liya thaa. tarakalu key sahayogi, altunbogha ney qaaraaja koo dhamki dee aur usase aleppo mein aaney kii maang kii. isake bajaay, qaaraaja ney khud koo damishk key governor aur altunbogha key pratidvandi tankis key saath gathbandhan kiya. iss beach, qaaraaja koo ack aur khatare kaa saamana karna padaa; altunbogha dwara samarthit ack anya sthaaniya ameer tashgun ney dulkadirid parr hamla karna aur unhein pareshan karna shuru curr diyaa, halanki tashgun antatah tankies key hastakshep seey pakada gayaa.
sultan ney antatah rajyapalon, tatarclu aur qaaraaja koo bulaaya. tankis ney qaraaz kaa bachaav kiya aur sultan koo sifarish kii kii qaraaz iss kshetra parr mamluk adhikaar banaae rakhane mein behtar hoga, iss baat parr jore dete hue kii τARAqlu key paas ack hazaar seey adhik ghudsavaar naheen they. all-nasir muhammad ney iss prakaar 1337 mein qaraaz koo "turkmaanon key ameer" aur marash seey albistan taka faili bhoomi key nayab key roop mein maanyata dee. agale varsh, qaraaz ney eratenids seey harpoot, dernde, jemerek aur guran parr bhee kabja curr liya.
patan aur nishpaadan.
1341 mein all-nasir muhammad kii mrityu aur misra mein ashanti key baad ack swatantra shaasak banane kii qaaraaja kii mahatvakanksha prakat hui. unhone aleppo parr kabja karane key liye ack sanyukt abhiyaan aayojit karane key liye eretna kaa vishvaas hassil karane kii koshish kii. aleppo key ameer tashtimur ney misra seey sahaayata kaa anurodh kiya, lekin yeh vyarth saabit huaa kyonki carro aantarik shakti sanghrshon kaa saamana curr rhaa thaa. pramukh mamluk ameer kavsan ney all-mansur aboo bucker koo ukhaad fenka aur aboo bucker key saat varsheeya bhaai all-ashraf kuzuk koo mamluk simhaasan parr sthaapit kiya. isake kaaran tashtimur kaa vidroh huaa, joe abb apani sthiti koo ulatata huaa paaya kyonki uska peechha mamlukon ney kiya aur qaaraaja kii suraksha key saath uttar mein eretna bhaag gayaa. jaba ack-nasir ahmed raajneetik shoonya key beach kuchh samay key liye satta mein aaya aur tashtimur koo aamantrit kiya, jinhone uska samarthan kiya, tou ack naee niyukti key liye carro mein, karaja ney usey vahaan leey jaaya. lekin tashtimur koo isake bajaay jail mein daal diyaa gayaa aur agyaat karanon seey fansi dey dee gaee, jabaki karaja teji seey uttar mein laut aaya.
1343 mein mamlukon key saath qaraaja key sambandh aur bigad gaye, jaba dulkadir turkmaanon ney mamluk ameer yalbugha koo eretna key upahaar vaale ack kafile koo loot liya, halanki qaraaja sultan seey kshama praapt karane mein saksham thaa. unhone silicia key armenian raajya mein kaee ghuspaithon kaa netritva kiya, 1345 mein iss kshetra koo loot liya aur andron aur kapaan parr kabja curr liya. 1348 mein apani jeet seey vishvaas praapt karate hue, unhone malik all-kaahir key roop mein swatantrata kii ghoshana kii. qaaraaja aage mamluk raajya key khilaf ameer baibugha key vidroh mein shamil hoe gayaa aur yalbugha koo haraaya. isake jawab mein, seeriya key mamluk rajyapal aur pratidvandi turk adiwasi netaa senaa mein shamil hoe gaye, maanaa jaataa haye kii 10 seey 25 hazaar sanic jutaaye gaye. unhone albistan key saath-saath aspas key gaanvon mein bhee lootpaat kii, jabaki karaja bhaag gayaa. unake dou beton, jinamen unake uttaradhikari ghar all-deen khaalil begg bhee shamil they, ney mamluk senaa koo rokane kii koshish kii, lekin unhein parajit curr liya gayaa aur unhein pakad liya gayaa. 
1353 mein, qaraaja ney iratinid shaasak giyat all-deen muhammad key darbar mein sharan lii, lekin mamlukon key anurodh parr unhein janjeeron seey jakada gayaa aur 22 sitambar 1353 koo aleppo koo bhej diyaa gayaa, jisake liye muhammad koo 500 hazaar dinaar kaa bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa. qaaraaja key beton mein seey ack ney apane pitaa koo bachaane key liye aleppo parr hamla karane key liye beduin netaa jabbar binn muhanna key saath sahamati vyakt kii. yeh asafal rhaa aur sultan salih koo aur krodhit curr diyaa, jisane qaaraaja key carro mein sthanantaran kii maang kii. sultan salih ney vyaktigat roop seey usey danta aur carro key gadh mein rakhaa. 48 dinon taka kaid rahane key baad, 11 disambar 1353 koo unhein yaatana dekar maar diyaa gayaa. unaki laash koo 3 dinon key liye baab zuvela mein latka diyaa gayaa thaa.
haalaanki madhyayugeen arab itihaskaron dwara khariz kiya gayaa, swargiya ottoman sroton, jaise kii halil edem aur ahmed arifi paasha, kaa lokpriya roop seey maanana thaa kii 1378 yaa 1379 mein lagbhag 100 varsh kii ayu mein unaki mrityu honey taka karaja ney mamluon kaa virodh karna jaari rakhaa.
parivaar.
qaaraaja key 6 bete theh khaalil, ibrahim, isaa, suulii, usman aur davud. ghars all-deen khaalil dulkadirid key dusare shaasak key roop mein qaaraaja key uttaradhikari baney. suulii dulkadirid key teesare shaasak they. sharim all-deen ibrahim harpoot key swami bunn gaye aur unhein apane pitaa, karaja koo ack sahayogi key roop mein rakhane key liye sadbhavana key sanket key roop mein damascus key "ameer tabalkhana" ('baind kaa ameer') key roop mein mamlukon dwara niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. qaaraaja key ack bhaai aur chachera bhaai honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, donon koo 1344 yaa 1345 mein mamluk sultan dwara bhoomi dee gaee thee.

