
budd dajo kii pahali ladaai

budd dajo kii pahali ladaai, jise moro crater narsamhar key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, march 1906 mein dakshin-paschimi phillippeans mein moro vidroh key dauran sanyukt raajya america kii senaa dwara moro logon key khilaf ladee gaee ack vidroh virodhi kaarravaai thee. kyaa budd dajo key nivasi aapke prati shatrutapurna they.aiss. senaa vivaadit haye, kyonki jolo dweep key nivaasiyon ney pahale iss gaddhe kaa upayog kiya thaa, jise way spanish hamalon key dauran sharan key sthaan key roop mein pavitra maanate they. sulu praant key jilaa governor mejar hyug scott, jahan yeh ghatana hui, ney bataaya kii joe loga gaddhe mein bhaag gaye they, unhone ghoshana kii kii unakaa ladane kaa koee irada naheen thaa, way kewal darr mein vahaan bhaag gaye, [aur] kuchh fasalen lagaai aur unhein ugaana chaahte they."
hamlaavaron kii bhaari golabari aur ektarafa hatahaton donon key kaaran iss muthbhed kaa varnan ack "yuddh" key roop mein vivaadit haye. lekhak wick hurley ney likhaa, "kalpana key kissy bhee vistaar seey budd djo koo 'yuddh' naheen kahaa jaa sakata haye. maark twen ney tippani kii, "yeh kiss tarah seey ack ladaai thee? iska yuddh seey koee lena-denaa naheen haye... hamane apane chaar dinon key kaam koo saaf kiya aur inn asahaay logon kii kasai karke ise puuraa kiya."moron kaa ack uchch pratishat (99 pratishat) anya ghatnaaon kii tulanaa mein maaraa gayaa thaa, jinhen abb narsamhar maanaa jaataa haye, jaise kii ghayal ghutane kaa narsamhar. maare gaye logon mein kuchh mahilaaen aur bachche they. gaddhe mein moro purushon key paas hathapai key hathiyar they. jabaki ladaai jolo parr jamini kaarravaai taka seemit thee, nausena kii goliyon key upayog ney moron key khilaf bhaari golabari mein mahatvapurna yogdan diyaa.
iss muthbhed key dauran, curnell jey. kii kamaan mein 750 purush aur adhikaari they.doubleu. dunken ney budd dajo (tausoogah "bood daahu") key jwalamukhiya gaddhe parr hamla kiya, jisamen 800 seey 1,000 tausug graameen rahate they. herman hegedorn (joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh seey pahale likh rahey they) key anusaar, moros dwara aayojit sthiti "sabse majboot thee jiska phillippeans mein shatruon ney americi hamale key khilaf bachaav kiya haye."halanki yeh ladaai americi senaaon key liye ack jeet thee, yeh ack nirbaadh saarvajanik-sambandh aapada bhee thee. chaahe yuddh hoe yaa narsamhar, yeh nishchit roop seey moro vidroh kii kissy bhee ladaai mein sabse khooni thaa, jisamen saikadon moro mein seey kewal chhah hii raktapaat seey butch paae. americi hatahaton kaa anuman pandrah seey laker iktis taka maaraa gayaa aur pachattar ghayal hue.
prishthabhoomi.
budd dajo mein pahali ladaai moro praant key governor key roop mein general leonard wood key karyakal key antim dinon key dauran hui thee. wood kaa karyakal mahaan sudhaar kaa samay thaa. inmein seey kuchh sudhaar, jinamen gulami kaa unmoolan aur panjikaran chunaav curr key roop mein "sedula" lagu karna shamil thaa, unake moro (muslim) vishayon mein cumm lokpriya they. sedula" vishesh roop seey alokpriya thaa, kyonki moros ney ise shraddhanjali key roop mein vyakhya kii, aur wick hurley key anusaar, 30 saal key americi kabje key baad bhee sedula mein moro kii bhagidari bahut cumm thee. inn sudhaaron ney videshi isai kabjadhariyon kii samanya narajgi key saath milkar, lakadi key karyakal key dauran ack tanaavpurna aur shatrutapurna vatavaran banaaya, aur mindanao aur sulu praant parr americi kabje key dauran sabse bhaari aur sabse khooni ladaai unaki nigrani mein hui.
halanki lakadi key governor key karyakal key baad key dinon mein moro shatruta cumm hoe gaee (lakadi key pratisthaapan kaa karyakal, samanya karyapalak aich. anand, saapeksh shaanti kaa ack kaal thaa), yeh moro akrosh key iss tanaavpurna vatavaran mein thaa kii budd dajo kii ladaai kii or leey jaane vaali ghatanaaen huin. americi rashtrapati theodor roozvelt key dost aur jeevanikaar herman hegedorn key anusaar, budd dajo mein rahane vaale moros "dou yaa teen vidrohon key kapade-tagg-aur-bobtel avashesh they, ack darjan gunaa kii kaali bhed, chunaav curr key khilaf vidrohi, americi kabje key khilaf kathorta, kissy bhee datto (shaasak) koo maanyata naheen dene vaale avaidh kaanoon aur swayam moros key beach sthir tatvon dwara ninda kii gaee."" "swiss off dha criss" "key lekhak wick hurley kahate hain kii" "budd djo kii ladaai mein yogdan dene vaale kaaran gulamon key vyaapaar, maveshiyon parr hamla aur sulu key moron key mahilaaon kii chori key visheshadhikaron mein katauti parr narajgi thee."isake vipareet, mejar hyug scott budd dajo key nivaasiyon koo americi balon kii kaarrvaaiyon key kaaran jolo parr hui uthal-puthal seey sharan lene vaale haanirahit graminon key roop mein varnit karate hain.
budd djo taka kaa raasta.
budd djo kii or leey jaane vaali ghatnaaon kii shrinkhala taba shuru hui jaba paalaa naam kaa ack moro british-niyantrit bornio mein bhaag gayaa. (moros nyaypalika key dhaarmik sanskar aur amokon kii sakhti seey dharmnirpeksh hinsa key beach antar karate hain; paal kaa upadrav baad vaale kaa thaa.) isake baad paal jolo dweep parr jolo shahar (sulu key sultan kii seat) key paas apane ghar parr gaye. curnell hyug ell. sulu jile key rajyapal scott ney paal koo giraftar karane kaa prayaas kiya, lekin paal key datu ney iss kadam kaa virodh kiya. parinami ladaai key dauran, paal bhaag gayaa. unhone kaee maheenon taka kabja karane seey bachaa, apana khud kaa kotta sthaapit kiya aur apane aap mein ack daatu bunn gaye. wood ney paal key khilaf ack abhiyaan kaa netritva kiya, lekin paal kii madad seey budd djo kshetra key moron dwara una parr ghaat lagaakar hamla kiya gayaa. lakadi ney ghaat lagaakar hamla karane vaalon koo maar daala, aur unamen seey kaee ney budd dajo key jwalamukhiya gaddhe mein sharan lii. wood ney nirdhaarit kiya kii moron key paas haath mein maujood balon key saath hamla karane key liye bahut majboot sthiti thee, aur isaliye vaha peechhe hutt gaye.
budd djo jolo shahar seey chhah meal (10 kii. mee.) kii doori parr sthit haye aur ack vilupt jwalamukhi haye, joe samudra tala seey 2,100 feat (640 meater) oopar, khadee, shankudhari aur ghaney jangalon vaali dhalanon key saath haye. kewal teen pramukh raaste pahaad parr chadhane key liye aage badhe, aur ghaney vikas ney amerikiyon koo nae raaste kaatane seey roque diyaa. haalaanki, kaee chhote raaste they, joe kewal moron koo hii pataa they, joe unhein mukhya maarg avaruddh honey parr bhee punah aapoorti karane kii anumati denge. shikhar parr gaddha paridhi mein haye aur aasaani seey sanrakshit haye. pahaad kii paridhi gyaarah meal (18 kii. mee.) haye, jisase gherabandi karna mushkil hoe jaataa haye.
isake baad key maheenon mein, budd dajo key nivaasiyon key saath adhik sthaaniya moros shamil hoe gaye, jisase gaddhe kii aabaadi kaee sou taka pahunch gaee. paani bahut thaa aur unhone chawal aur aaloo kii kheti shuru curr dee. scott ney sulu key sultan aur anya uchch padasth daatu koo budd dajo key nivaasiyon koo apane gharon koo lautane key liye kahaa, lekin unhone manaa curr diyaa. wood ney farwari 1906 mein ack hamale kaa adesh diyaa, lekin scott ney unhein adesh koo radd karane key liye aashvast kiya, yeh tark dete hue kii aspas key aankadon kaa virodh budd dajo koo alag-thalag rakh dega. scott chintit thaa kii budd dajo parr hamla yeh prakat karega kii yeh kitni aasaani seey surakshit thaa, jisase bhavishya mein gatirodh kii punaravritti koo protsaahit kiya jaa sakey. durbhagya seey, budd djo key nivaasiyon ney mahilaaon aur maveshiyon key liye paas kii moro bastiyon parr chhaapa maarnaa shuru curr diyaa. haalaanki jolo key aankadon ney budd dajo key nivaasiyon kii ninda karna jaari rakhaa, lekin jolo key moro aam logon key beach ack samanya vidroh kaa lokpriya samarthan vikasit honah shuru hoe gayaa.
budd dajo mein sankat moro praant key netritva mein sankraman kii avadhi key dauran huaa. 1 farwari, 1906 koo, wood koo phillippeans division key commander key pada parr padonnat kiya gayaa aur general taskar aich dwara mindanao-jolo vibhaag key commander key roop mein unhein mukt curr diyaa gayaa. anand. halanki, wood ney budd djo kii ladaai key kuchh samay baad taka moro praant key nagrik rajyapal key roop mein apana pada barkarar rakhaa. sankat key dauran curnell scott anupasthit they, aur sulu jile key dipty governor capton reaves ney unake vikalp key roop mein kaary kiya.
ladaai ladate hain.
2 march, 1906 koo, wood ney curnell jey.doubleu. budd djo key khilaf ack abhiyaan kaa netritva karane key liye 6 veen paidal senaa resiment (praantiya rajdhani zamboanga mein tainaat) kaa dunken. dunken aur companiyon key aind aim ney parivahan "raait" koo jolo taka leey gaye. governor scott ney pahaad parr teen dostana daatu bheje taaki budd dajo moros koo nirastra aur bhang karane key liye kahaa jaa sakey, yaa cumm seey cumm apani mahilaaon aur bachchon koo ghaati mein bheja jaa sakey. unhone inn anurodhon koo aswikar curr diyaa, aur scott ney dunken koo hamla shuru karane kaa adesh diyaa.
aakraman bull mein 6 veen paidal senaa key 272 purush, 4 veen ghudsavaar senaa key 211 [giraaye gaye] purush, 28 veen topkhaane kii battery key 68 purush, kaptan kii kamaan key tahat 51 philipine constabulary shamil they. johnn aar. safed, 19veen paidal senaa key 110 purush aur gunboat "pampanga" key 6 navik."ladaai 5 march koo shuru hui, jaba pahaadi bandookon ney gaddhe mein 40 round kii goli chalaai. 6 march koo, lakadi aur anand aaya lekin dunken koo seedhe kamaan mein chhod diyaa. sulu jile key karyavahak governor capton reaves ney gaddhe mein rahane vaalon key saath baatchit karane kaa ack antim prayaas kiya. vaha whiffle rahey, aur amerikiyon ney teen stambhon mein bhaag liya aur teen mukhya parvatiya maargon parr aage badhe. stambh pramukh omer bundy, kaptan nadiyon aur kaptan lotton kii kamaan mein they. raasta mushkil thaa, sainikon ney 60 pratishat dhalaan parr chadhaai kii, raaste koo saaf karane key liye chaku kaa upayog kiya.
7 march, 0700 koo, pramukh bundy kii tukadi koo shikhar seey 500 feat (150 meater) neeche maarg koo avaruddh karane vaale ack avarodhak kaa saamana karna padaa. snipers ney moron koo hataa diyaa, aur barricades parr rifle grenade seey golabari kii gaee. isake baad barricade parr ack bellen charge mein hamla kiya gayaa. kuchh moron ney ack majboot bachaav kiya, phir criss (moron kii paaramparik lahardaar talwar) aur bhaala seey hamla kiya. iss ladaai mein lagbhag 200 moron kii maut hoe gaee aur pramukh bund kii tukadi koo bhaari nuksan huaa. capton nadiyon kii tukadi koo bhee ack avarodhak kaa saamana karna padaa aur kaee ghanton kii ladaai key baad ise leey liya, jisake dauran nadiyaan swayam ack bhaale seey gambhir roop seey ghayal hoe gaeen. kaptan lotton kii tukadi ack kharaab raaste parr aage badhee, itani khadee jagahon parr kii americi haath aur ghutanon parr aage badhe. unhein moron dwara patthar fenkane aur kabhi-kabhi cries key saath haath seey haath milakar hamla karane key liye pareshan kiya jaataa thaa. lotton ney anta mein toofaan seey crater rima parr rakshaatmak khaaiyon koo leey liya.
moro rakshak gaddhe mein peechhe hutt gaye aur raat honey taka ladaai jaari rahee. raat key dauran, amerikiyon ney pahaadi bandookon koo gaddhe key kinare taka block aur tackle key saath kheencha. subah key samay, americi bandooken (pahaadi bandooken aur "pampanga" kii bandooken donon) gaddhe mein moros key kilebandi parr khul gaeen. americi balon ney taba ack machine gunn rakhee... aisee sthiti mein jahan yeh hamaare aur kotta key beach pahaad key shikhar koo jhaad sakata haye, "gaddhe mein sabhi moron koo maar detaa haye. ack vivaran mein daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii moron ney, joe barchhe aur bhaale seey lais they, aatmasamarpan karane seey incar curr diyaa aur apane padon parr baney rahey. kuchh rakshakon ney amerikiyon koo daudaaya aur unhein kaat diyaa gayaa. amerikiyon ney jeevit moron parr nishchit beyonet kaa aarop lagaaya, aur moron ney apane kaali, barung, kaale pouder aur seashell seey baney tatkalik grenades key saath ladaai ladee. yuddh key vibhinn vivaranon key beach visangatiyon key bavjood (jisamen seey ack mein budd dajo key sabhi nivaasiyon koo goli maar dee gaee thee, doosara jisamen rakshakon ney bhayankar haath seey ladaai mein virodh kiya thaa), sabhi vivaran iss baat seey sahmat hain kii kuchh, yadi koee hoe, tou moro butch gaye.
budd dajo mein anumaanit 800 seey 1,000 moron mein seey kewal 6 hii butch paae. shavon kaa dher paanch feat (dedh meater) gahara thaa, aur kaee shav kaee baar ghayal hue they. hurley key anusaar, americi hatahaton mein 21 maare gaye, 75 ghayal hue. laine mein unhein 18 maare gaye, 52 ghayal bataae gaye hain. hegedorn buss itna kahata haye kii, "sakriya roop seey lagey sainikon kaa ack chauthai maaraa gayaa haye yaa ghayal hoe gayaa haye. kissy bhee anuman key anusaar, budd dajo moro vidroh kaa sabse khooni sangharsh thaa.
isake baad.
americi jeet key baad, rashtrapati theodor roozvelt ney wood koo ack badhaai kebalgram bheja, lekin manila mein tainaat samvaaddaataon ney press koo apana khaata saunpa thaa. 11 march, 1906 koo "newyork times" kii surkhiyon mein likhaa thaa, "moro yuddh mein maare gaye mahilaaen aur bachche; yoddhaon key saath ghul-mill gaye aur goliyon kii olavrishti mein gir gaye. nau sou logon key maare jaane yaa ghayal honey key chaar dinon key yuddh mein-rashtrapati sainikon koo badhaai dete hain."
moro crater narsamhar" key baare mein press key vivaran grahansheel kaanon parr gir gaye. spanish-americi yuddh key dauran america kii bhoomika aur phillippeans-americi yuddh key dauran kiye gaye atyacharon kii kahaaniyon key baare mein americi janata key beach abhee bhee gahari shankaaen theen. janata bhee moro praant mein jaari hinsa seey kaafee hudd taka anjaan thee, aur yeh jaankar hairan reh gaee kii hatyaa jaari haye. congress key dabaav mein, yuddh sachiv villium howard toft ney mahilaaon aur bachchon key "bemani vadh" key spashteekaran key liye lakadi koo cable kiya. hamale kii kamaan mein naheen honey key bavjood (halanki vaha varishth adhikaari maujood they), wood ney poori jimmedaari sweekaar curr lii. jaba taka ghotala samaapt hoe gayaa, taba taka wood ney phillippeans division key commander aur general taskar aich key roop mein apana pada grahan curr liya thaa. anand ney unaki jagah moro praant key rajyapal key roop mein liya thaa.
maark twen ney lekhon mein iss ghatana kii kadee ninda kii.
aalochana key jawab mein, maare gaye mahilaaon aur bachchon kii badee sankhya key baare mein wood key spashteekaran mein kahaa gayaa haye kii budd dajo kii mahilaaen purushon key roop mein kapade pahanati theen aur ladaai mein shamil hoe jaati theen, aur purush bachchon koo jeevit dhaal key roop mein upayog karate they. hegedorn ney ell. tii. kaa vivaran dekar iss spashteekaran kaa samarthan kiya haye. gorden johnston, joe ack mahila yoddha dwara gambhir roop seey ghayal hoe gayaa thaa. doosara spashteekaran phillippeans key governor-general heinry clay idea ney diyaa, jinhone bataaya kii mahilaaon aur bachchon koo sampaarshvik kshati hui thee, joe topkhaane key bairaj key dauran maare gaye they. mahilaaon aur bachchon kii badee sankhya mein hui mauton key inn paraspar virodhi spashtikaranon ney aalochana koo jodate hue ack aavaran key aarop lagaae. isake alawa, lakadi aur vichaar kii vyakhya cole key saath vipareet hain. jey.doubleu. dunken kii 12 march, 1906 kii kaarravaai key baad kii report mein crater key kinare parr rahane vaalon parr goli chalaane key liye ack machine-gunn key sthaan kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye. dunken kii reports key baad, maare gaye gair-ladaakon kii badee sankhya koo andhadhundh machine-gunn kii golibari key parinamswarup samajhaaya jaa sakata haye.
lakadi key kuchh alochakon ney una parr vidrohiyon koo gherne key bajaay gaddhe parr hamla karke gaurav praapt karane kaa aarop lagaaya. wood ney moro praant key rajyapal key roop mein apane karyakal kii shuruat mein ack gauravshali shikari janwar honey key kuchh sanket dikhaae, praantiya senaa koo chhote-motey apraadhon parr kotaa key khilaf dandaatmak chhaape maare joe behtar hotaa kii jilaa rajyapalon parr chhod diyaa jaataa. iss bhaari-bharakam vyavhaar ney mitravat daatu key saath sambandhon koo khatare mein daal diyaa, jinhone senaa key atikraman koo ack chunauti key roop mein dekhaa, kyonki unhein sainya sammaan kii buri tarah seey aavashyakta thee, kyonki way mejar general key pada parr apani niyukti koo laker sanyukt raajya senate mein ack kathin ladaai seey gujare they, jisaki antatah march 1904 mein pushti hui thee. halanki wood ney cuba mein ack prashaasak key roop mein kaary kiya thaa, unhone spanish-americi yuddh key dauran kewal sou dinon kii kshetriya seva dekhi thee. rashtrapati aur saathi ruff ryder teddy roozvelt key khilaf pakshapaat key aarop lagaate hue, kaee aur varishth adhikaariyon key sir parr lakadi koo padonnat kiya gayaa thaa. bhale hii unaki padonnati kii pushti hoe chuki thee, phir bhee wood kii pratishtha koo nuksan huaa. budd djo kii jimmedaari lene kii wood kii ichcha ney senaa key bheetar unaki pratishtha mein sudhaar karane key liye bahut kuchh kiya.
wood ney tark diyaa kii vidrohiyon kii paryaapt aapoorti, pahaad kii paridhi, ghaney vanon vaale ilaake aur pahaad key oopar chhipe hue raaston key astitva koo dekhate hue (aspas) budd dajo koo gherna asambhav hotaa. budd dajo kii doosari ladaai key dauran, disambar 1911 mein, general "black jack" pershing (moro praant key teesare aur antim sainya governor) ack parshviya pagadandi koo katkar budd dajo koo gherne mein safal rahey, joe pahaad koo gherta thaa, crater rima seey neeche. isase gaddhe mein moron koo chhipe hue pahaadi raaston seey kaat diyaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, 1911 mein pershing kaa saamana karane kii saamarik sthiti 1906 mein lakadi key saamane kii sthiti seey bahut alag thee. iss ghatana ney mool nivaasiyon key beach akrosh paida curr diyaa, kyonki budd dajo koo unake liye ack pavitra sthal maanaa jaataa haye. inn atyacharon ney baad mein americi virodhi bhaavanaon koo janm diyaa. anya moro vidroh baad key dashakon mein honge, joe ack swatantra phillippeans mein 21veen shatabdi taka jaari rahenge.
viraasat.
iss ghatana koo rashtrapati rodrigo duterte ney 2016 mein america aur rashtrapati baraak obama kii aalochana karane key liye uthaaya thaa, jisake kaaran obama key saath ack niyojit baithak radd curr dee gaee thee; duterte ney agale dinn maafi maangi. duterte ney americi sainikon key baahar nikalane kaa ahwan karate hue america kii aalochana karate hue doosari baar iss ghatana kaa hawala diyaa.
2015 mein, moro national liberation front ney rashtrapati obama koo ack khula patra prakaashit kiya jisamen yeh jaanane kii maang kii gaee thee kii america moro muslim logon key khilaf philipino upaniveshvaad, philipino "narsamhar key yuddh" aur moron key khilaf atyacharon kaa samarthan kyon curr rhaa thaa. patra mein kahaa gayaa haye kii moro logon ney philipino, japani, americi aur spanish aakramankariyon key atyacharon kaa virodh kiya haye aur unake khilaf ladaai ladee haye, jisamen amerikiyon dwara kiye gaye budd dajo mein moro crater narsamhar bhee shamil haye.

