bhaarat mein sangathit aparaadh

 
bhaarat mein sangathit aparaadh bhaarat mein utpann honey vaale aur duniya key kaee hisson mein sakriya sangathit aparaadh tatvon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. duniya key anya hisson kii tarah bhaarat mein bhee sangathit aparaadh kaa uddeshya maudrik laabh haye. aadhunik samay mein iska vishaila roop kaee samajik-aarthik aur raajneetik karakon aur vigyaan aur praudyogiki mein pragati key kaaran haye. desh mein sakriya sangathit aaparaadhik girohon kii sankhya, unaki sadasyata, unaki "karyapranali" aur unake sanchaalan key kshetron koo ingit karane key liye koee thhos detta naheen haye. unaki sanrachana aur netritva key tareeke sakhti seey shaastriya italvi mafiya key anuroop naheen hoe sakate hain.
mumbai underworld.
mumbai, maharashtra bhaarat kaa sabse badaa shahar aur vittiya rajdhani donon haye. samay key saath, mumbai underworld mein kaee alag-alag samoohon aur gundon kaa varchasva rhaa haye.
1940-1980 key dashak mein.
haaji mastan, varadarajan mudaliyar aur kareem laala kii shaktishali tikadi koo apane samudaayon kaa samarthan praapt thaa.
haaji mastan, jise mool roop seey mastan haider mirza key naam seey jaanaa jaataa thaa, bombe sthit ack tamil musalman mobster thaa joe bombe shahar mein pahala celebrity gangster bunn gayaa. unakaa janm 1926 mein tamilanadu key ramanathapuram key paas pannaikulam mein ack tamil parivaar mein huaa thaa. 8 saal kii umr mein, apane pitaa key saath bombe chaley gaye. pitaa-putra kii jodee crofford bajar mein saikil marammat kii ack chhoti see dukaan chalaati thee. 10 saal baad, 1944 mein, mastan ack kulee key roop mein bombe dock mein shamil hoe gayaa aur vahaan seey sangathit aparaadh mein pravesh kiya. unhone kareem laala key saath kaam kiya aur 1960 key dashak taka ack ameer vyakti bunn gaye. unhone sonaa, chaandi aur electronic vastuon kii taskari seey laakhon kii kamai kii aur bollywood film nirmaan mein nirdeshakon aur studio key saath apana paisa nivesh karke film udyog mein apana prabhaav badhaaya. jaise-jaise bollywood mein mastan kaa prabhaav badhata gayaa, unhone khud filmon kaa nirmaan karna shuru curr diyaa aur way ack prasiddh nirmaata they.
varadarajan mudaliyar (janm seey varadarajan mudaliyar), jinhen "vardha bhaai" key naam seey jaanaa jaataa haye, bombe sthit ack jaatiya tamil hindu mafiya thaa. unhein vardhabhai key naam seey jaanaa jaane lagaa, joe 1960 key dashak kii shuruat seey 1980 taka kaam karate they, aur unhein haaji mastan aur kareem laala key barabar prabhaav diyaa gayaa thaa. ack kulee key roop mein shuruat karate hue, unhone aparaadh kii duniya key saath apana pahala parichay taba karaaya jaba unhone avaidh sharaab bechana shuru kiya. unhone tamil samudaay key bheetar bahut sammaan praapt kiya aur ack samanantar nyaay pranali chalaai, jahaan unakaa nirnay desh kaa antim kaanoon thaa aur dharawi aur matunga jaise kshetron mein badhyakari thaa, jinake baare mein maanaa jaataa haye kii tamilon kii ack badee upasthiti haye. mudaliyar ney haaji mastan key saath milkar dock cargo chori karane kaa saahas kiya. baad mein vaha anubandh hatyaon aur maadak padarthon key vyaapaar mein vividhata laae. 1970 key dashak mein unhone poorv aur uttar-madhya bombe mein aaparaadhik abhiyaanon koo niyantrit karane mein safalata praapt kii. kareem laala ney dakshin aur madhya bombe kii kamaan sambhali, aur adhikansh taskari aur avaidh nirmaan vittaposhan haaji mastan kaa kshetra thaa.
kareem laala aur unake parivaar key sadasyon key samooh bombe dock mein kaam karate they. unhein aksar "afghan mafiya" yaa "pathaan mafiya" kahaa jaataa thaa, joe bombe kaanoon pravartan dwara gadhaa gayaa shabd thaa kyonki iss aparaadh syndicate key adhikansh sadasya afghanistan key kunar praant key jaatiya pashtoon they. way vishesh roop seey hashish taskari, suraksha rackett, jabaran vasuli, avaidh juaa, soney kii taskari aur anubandh hatyaon mein shamil they aur mumbai key underworld key kuchh hisson parr unaki dridh pakad thee. laala ney 1940 mein shahar mein sharaab kii khareed-farokht aur juaa koo niyantrit kiya, aur 1985 taka vyaapaar key nirvivaad raajaa they.
1980 mein.
dee-company daud ibrahim dwara niyantrit sangathit aparaadh samooh haye jisaki utpatti mumbai mein hui thee. yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii dee-company shabd key sakht arthon mein ack roodhivaadi sangathit aparaadh gutt naheen haye, balki ibrahim key vyaktigat niyantran aur netritva key aspas adharit aaparaadhik aatankvaadi samoohon kii milibhugat haye. ibrahim vartamaan mein dhokhadhadi, aaparaadhik sajish aur ack sangathit aparaadh syndicate chalaane key liye interpole kii vaanchhit soochi mein haye, aur 2008 mein vaha forbes kii "duniya key 10 sabse vaanchhit" kii soochi mein dusare sthaan parr thaa. una parr bhaarat aur bhaartiyon key khilaf ack avaidh samrajya kaa netritva karane kaa aarop haye. 1993 key bombe bumm visfoton key baad, jise ibrahim ney kathit roop seey bagh smriti chinh key saath sangathit aur vittaposhit kiya thaa, donon loga bhaarat key most wanted kaa hissa bunn gaye. sanyukt raajya america key koshagar vibhaag key anusaar, ibrahim key osama binn laden key saath sambandh hoe sakate hain. natijatan, sanyukt raajya america ney 2003 mein ibrahim koo "vishesh roop seey naamit vaishvik aatankvaadi" ghoshit kiya aur duniya bhar mein unaki sampattiyon koo jabt karane aur unake abhiyaanon parr nakel kasane key prayaas mein sanyukt rashtra key samaksh mamle kaa peechha kiya. bhaaratiya aur russie khufiya agencies ney ibrahim kii kaee anya aatankvaadi hamalon mein sambhaavit sanliptata kii or ishara kiya haye, jisamen 2008 key mumbai hamale bhee shamil hain, jaba seey vaha chhipa huaa thaa, ibrahim key sthaan kaa aksar karachi, pakistan mein pataa lagaaya gayaa haye, ack aisaa daavaa jise pakistani adhikaariyon ney nakaar diyaa haye.
chhota rajan mumbai sthit ack pramukh aparaadh syndicate kaa pramukh haye. vaha daud ibrahim key poorv pramukh sahayak aur leftinent they. badey rajan kii hatyaa key baad chhota rajan ney badey rajan key giroh kii bagdor sambhali, jise badey rajan (badey rajan) key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack chhote chor aur sharaab taskar key roop mein shuru kiya, jise badey naayar key liye kaam karna padata thaa. baad mein, vaha mumbai mein david key kahane parr sambaddh aur sanchaalit thaa aur antatah 1988 mein bhaarat seey dubai bhaag gayaa. vaha kaee aaparaadhik mamalon key liye vaanchhit haye jisamen jabaran vasuli, hatyaa, taskari, nashili davaaon kii taskari aur film vitt shamil hain. kahaa jaataa haye kii unake bhaai rajan dwara vitt poshit filmon kaa nirmaan karate hain. vaha hatyaa key 17 mamalon aur hatyaa key kaee aur mamalon mein vaanchhit haye. chhota rajan koo 25 octuber 2015 koo indoneshiya kii pulis ney baali mein giraftar kiya thaa. usey 27 saal taka farar rahane key baad 6 navambar koo bhaarat pratyarpit kiya gayaa thaa aur vartamaan mein vaha see. bee. aaee. hirasat mein mukadame kaa intezar curr rhaa haye.
arun gavali kaa giroh bhaykhala, mumbai mein dagadi chaul mein sthit haye. gavali ney vahaan apani aaparaadhik gatividhiyaan shuru keen aur vahaan key kamaron kaa upayog apahrit vyaktiyon koo rakhane, unhein prataadit karane, unase paise vasoolane aur unaki hatyaa karane key liye kiya. pulis ney parisar mein kaee baar chhaapa maaraa aur anta mein usake abhiyaan koo toda diyaa. usey aaparaadhik gatividhiyon key liye kaee baar giraftar kiya gayaa haye aur mukadame key dauran lambe samay taka hirasat mein rakhaa gayaa haye. haalaanki, unhein adhikansh mamalon mein doshi naheen thaharaaya jaa sakaa kyonki gawah darr key kaaran unake khilaf gawahi naheen dete they. antatah agast 2012 mein ack adalat ney unhein shivsena netaa kamalakar jamsandekar kii hatyaa key liye doshi thaharaaya. gavali aur gyaarah anya koo jamsandekar kii hatyaa kaa doshi paaya gayaa.
dakaiti.
dakaiti bhaaratiya upmahadweep mein "daku" key liye upayog kiya jaane vaalaa ack shabd haye. vartani hindustani shabd "daku" kaa angreji sanskaran haye, "dakait" iss arth key saath ack bolchal kaa bhaaratiya angreji shabd haye, yeh "bolchal key angreji-bhaaratiya shabdon aur vakyanshon kii shabdawali" (1903) mein dikhaai detaa haye. dakudari ack aaparaadhik gatividhi haye jisamen sashastr daku samoohon dwara dakaiti kii jaati haye. east india company ney 1830 mein thhag aur dakaiti vibhaag kii sthaapana kii, aur east india company key shasson key tahat british bhaarat mein thhag aur dakaiti daman adhiniyam, 1836-1848 lagu kiye gaye. chambal aur chilapata jaise ghaatiyon yaa jangalon vaale kshetra kabhi dakaiton key liye jaane jaate they.
aandhr pradesh gutbaji.
aandhr pradesh key rayalseema kshetra aur bhaarat mein purvi karnatak key kuchh hisson mein ack-dusare key saath rakt kalah vaale parivaar hain, aur kathit mafiya raaj seey judey hue hain. ise sthaaniya roop seey "gutbaji" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye aur isamen vibhinn aparaadh shamil hotey hain. avaidh khanan jaisi gatividhiyaan aam hain aur iss kshetra mein pramukh samajik aur paryavaraniya muddon mein seey ack hain. yeh niraksharta aur kshetra mein paryaavaran jagrukta kii kamee aur saarvajanik nishkriyata key kaaran bhee banaa huaa haye, jisake kaaran iss kshetra mein gambhir vanon kii kataai aur marusthalikaran huaa haye. samoohon key beach pratishodh kii utpatti aitihaasik roop seey vijaynagar samrajya key dauran hui thee. yeh aksar mafiya raajyon key saath saha-astitva mein haye. iss kshetra mein adhikansh khanan aur achal sampatti mafiya aise parivaaron dwara chalaae jaate hain, aur sajaa seey bachane key liye, way aksar bhrashtachar aur sthaaniya rajneeti mein shamil hotey hain. pratidvandi parivaaron dwara kaee hatyaaen kii gaee hain, jinamen ullekhaniya raajnetaon kii hatyaaen bhee shamil hain. gutbaji mukhya karanon mein seey ack haye jisake liye aandhr pradesh mein vyaapak roop seey pratishodh kii rajneeti kii jaati haye, aur yeh kshetra mein dangon aur gharelu aatankvaad kaa ack pramukh kaaran bhee haye.
gova mein sangathit aparaadh.
bhaarat key sabse chhote raajyon mein seey ack gova mein kaee sthaaniya bhaaratiya, russie, israeli aur nigerian aaparaadhik samoohon key sangathit maadak padarthon key vyaapaar mein bhaari roop seey shamil honey kii soochana haye. sootron seey pataa chalata haye kii aise vyaktigat khilaadi bhee hain joe british, francisi, italvi, purtagaali aur anya europeeya rashtriyataon key hain. kuchh loga dou dashakon seey adhik samay seey raajya kaa daura curr rahey hain aur unake nishchit antarrashtriya aur sthaaniya graahak hain. gova, haal key dinon mein, khapat kaa ack pramukh bindu honey key alawa, antarrashtriya dawa vyaapaar kaa ack pramukh kendra bunn gayaa haye. anumaanon key anusaar, vibhinn videshi sthaanon seey bahane vaale maadak padaarth tulanaatmak roop seey asurakshit gova kii tatrekha parr utarate hain kyonki mumbai aur isake bheetari ilaakon koo abb taskari key liye ack aasaan maarg naheen maanaa jaataa haye kyonki tata rakshak, nausena, seema shulk gashti aur anya sarkari nikaayon dwara jaanch shuru kii gaee thee.
panjab mein sangathit aparaadh.
pichhale ack dashak mein panjab mein iss tarah key aaparaadhik girohon key gathan aur gatividhiyon mein teji aaee haye, bhale hii uttar pradesh mein sthit girohon seey judey kuchh giroh panjab mein aatankvaad key anta key baad seey raajya mein sakriya hain. aatankvaad key baad, girohon ney hatyaon kaa anubandh kiya. 2000 key dashak kii shuruat mein achal sampatti aur audyogik kshetra mein uchhaal ney sanghon koo niyantrit karane key praathamik uddeshya key saath kaee apraadhiyon koo saamane dekhaa. banking kshetra, vishesh roop seey vitt companiyon key phalane-phoolane seey bouncer kii maang koo badhaava milaa, jinhone kharaab rinn kii vasuli sunishchit kii aur vivaadit sampattiyon koo lene mein madad kii. cricket sattebaaj bhee inn bouncers kii sevaaon kaa upayog karate hain. lagbhag paanch saal pahale jaba achal sampatti mein uchhaal samaapt huaa thaa, tou inn girohon ney phir seey jabaran vasuli aur aaya key srot key roop mein dhana kii suraksha kii. inmein seey adhikansh antar-raajyiya girohon key saath-saath hathiyaron kii taskari, maadak padarthon aur apaharan mein visheshagyata rakhane vaale hain. panjab mein firauti key liye apaharan, joe pahale shayed hii kabhi huaa hoe, badh rahey hain.
gatividhiyaan.
bhaarat europe key raaste mein swarn trikon aur swarn ardhchandra seey heroin key liye ack pramukh pargaman bindu haye. bhaarat duniya mein afeem kaa sabse badaa kanuni utpaadak bhee haye; visheshagyon kaa anuman haye kii vaidh afeem kaa 5-10% avaidh heroin mein parivartit hoe jaataa haye, aur 8-10% kaa adhik matra mein ghanibhut taral key roop mein sevan kiya jaataa haye. dawa udyog mandrax key bahut avaidh utpaadan key liye bhee jimmedaar haye, jiska adhikansh hissa dakshin africa mein taskari karke laaya jaataa haye. dakshin africa key madhyam seey heere kii taskari bhee ack pramukh aaparaadhik gatividhi haye, aur heere kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi heroin key shipment koo chhipaane key liye kiya jaataa haye. anta mein, desh mein bahut adhik dhana shodhan hoe rhaa haye, jyaadaatar paaramparik hawala pranali key upayog key madhyam seey, halanki bhaarat ney 2003 mein dhana shodhan koo aparaadh ghoshit kiya.
lokpriya sanskriti.
bhaarat key cinema mein, vishesh roop seey bollywood mein, bhaarat mein sangathit aparaadh seey prerit aparaadh filmein aur gangster filmein 1940 seey banaai jaa rahee hain. bhaaratiya cinema mein iss tarah kii aparaadh filmon kii kaee shailiyan hain.
dakait filmein.
dakait film bhaaratiya cinema kii ack shally thee joe mehboob khaan kii 'aurat' (1940) seey shuru hui aur isake remake 'madar india' (1957) key saath-saath dileep kumar kii 'gangaa jamuna' (1961) seey lokpriyata hassil kii. ack upa-shally dakait paschimi haye, jise "shole" (1975) dwara lokpriya banaaya gayaa haye. yeye filmein aamtaur parr graameen bhaarat mein sthaapit hoti hain, aur aksar vaastavik dakaiton seey prerit hoti hain.
shally key udaaharan -
mumbai underworld filmein.
1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein, bhaaratiya aparaadh filmon aur gangster filmon kii ack naee shally kaa uday huaa, joe shahari bhaarat mein sthaapit haih bombe underworld filmein, jinhen baad mein mumbai underworld filmein kahaa gayaa. yeye filmein aksar asli mumbai underworld gangsters seey prerit hoti hain, jaise kii haaji mastan, david ibrahim aur dee-company. yeye filmein aksar mumbai kii jhuggiyon jaise dharawi yaa juhu key ird-gird sthaapit kii jaati hain, aur inn filmon mein gangster aksar ack tapori yaa bombe hindi gully bolly key saath baat karate hain.
iss shally kaa netritva patkatha lekhak jodee saleem-javed ney kiya thaa. unhone 1970 key dashak kii shuruat mein 'janjir' (1973) aur 'deewaar' (1975) jaisi filmon key saath kirkiri, hinsak, bombe underworld aparaadh filmon kii shally kii shuruat kii. unhone 1970 key dashak key bhaarat key samajik-aarthik aur samajik-raajneetik mahaul koo darshaate hue mehboob khaan kii "bhaarat maataa" (1957) aur nitin boses kii "gangaa jamuna" (1961) key graameen vishayon kii samkaaleen shahari sandarbh mein punah vyakhya kii, janata key beach badhate asantosh aur mohbhang koo, aur jhuggiyon key abhootpoorv vikas koo, aur shahari garibi, bhrashtachar aur aparaadh seey judey vishayon key saath-saath pratishthaan virodhi vishayon seey nipatane key liye. isake parinamswarup unhone amitabh bachchan dwara vyakt "krodhit yuvak" kaa nirmaan kiya, jinhone samkaaleen shahari sandarbh mein "gangaa jamuna" mein dileep kumar key pradarshan kii punah vyakhya kii.
1970 key dashak key madhya taka, gangsters (bombe underworld) key saath-saath dakaiton (dakaiton) key baare mein kathor, hinsak aparaadh filmein aur action filmein lokpriya hoe gaee theen. saleem-javed key lekhan aur amitabh bachchan key abhinay ney iss pravritti koo lokpriya banaa diyaa, "janjir" aur vishesh roop seey "deewaar" jaisi filmon key saath, "gangaa jamuna" seey prerit ack aparaadh film, jisamen ack puliskarmi koo apane bhaai key khilaf khadaa kiya gayaa, joe vaastavik jeevan key taskar haaji mastan parr adharit ack giroh kaa netaa thaa, jise bachchan dwara chitrit kiya gayaa thaa; danny boyley dwara "deewaar" koo "bhaaratiya cinema kii bilkul kunji" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. bachchan key saath, iss pravritti key shikhar parr chadhane vaale anya abhinetaon mein firoz khaan shamil hain.
saleem-javed dwara likhit aur amitabh bachchan abhineet lokpriya aparaadh filmein 1970 key dashak kii bhaarat kii samajik-aarthik aur samajik-raajneetik vaastaviktaon koo darshaati hain, joe janata key beach badhate lokpriya asantosh aur mohbhang koo darshaati hain, aur raajya kii viphalata unake kalyan aur kalyan koo sunishchit karane mein, aise samay mein jaba keematen teji seey badh rahee theen, vastuen durlabh hoti jaa rahee theen, saarvajanik sansthaan vaidhata khou rahey they, taskar aur gangster raajneetik prabhaav jamaa curr rahey they, aur jhuggiyon kii abhootpoorv vriddhi hui thee. saleem-javed aur amitabh bachchan kaa cinema usa samay bhaaratiya samaaj key liye praasangik vishayon parr adharit thaa, jaise kii jhuggiyon mein shahari garibi, samaaj mein bhrashtachar aur bombe underworld aparaadh kaa drishya, aur darshakon dwara ise pratishthaan virodhi key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa, jise aksar ack "krodhit yuvak" naayak dwara darshaaya jaataa thaa, jise ack chaukas yaa naayak-virodhi key roop mein prastut kiya jaataa thaa, aur unake dabey hue krodh ney shahari garibon key gusse koo aavaaj dee.
iss shally mein baad key meal key pattharon mein dee-company parr adharit raam gopal verma kii "satya" (1998) aur "company" (2002) shamil hain, joe donon ney "mumbai underworld key chaalaak, aksar mantramugdh curr dene vaale chitran" kii peshkash kii aur yathaarthvaadi "krurta aur shahari hinsa" koo pradarshit kiya."iss shally kii ack aur ullekhaniya film" "black friede" "(2004) thee, joe 1993 key bombe bumm visfoton key baare mein hussain jaidi kii isi naam kii pustak seey rupaantarit thee.
iss shally ney baad mein film "slumdog millionaire" (2009) koo prerit kiya, jisane mumbai underworld filmon seey prerana lii. isake prabhaavon mein "deewaar", "satya", "company" aur "black friede" shamil they. 1970 key dashak kii bollywood aparaadh filmein jaise 'deewaar' aur 'amar akbar anthany' (1977) mein bhee 1980 key dashak key hangkang action cinema kii veertapurna raktapaat aparaadh shally key saath samaantaaen hain. "deewaar" kaa hangkang remake thaa, "dha brothers" (1979), joe johnn woo kii antarrashtriya star parr prashansit safalata "aeye better cull" (1986) koo prerit kartaa haye, jisane hangkang cinema mein veertapurna raktapaat shally key liye template sett kiya.
mumbai underworld film shally key udaaharan -

