empedidae

empedidae makkhiyon kaa ack parivaar haye jisamen duniya bhar mein sabhi jaiv-bhaugolik kshetron mein paae jaane vaali 3,000 seey adhik varnit prajaatiyan hain, lekin adhikansh holarctic mein paaee jaati hain. way mukhya roop seey apane adhikansh rishtedaron kii tarah shikari makkhiyan hain, aur roopon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala pradarshit karate hain, lekin aam taur parr chhote seey madhyam aakar key, gair-dhaatu aur balki bristley hotey hain.
iss parivaar key sadasyon key liye aam naam khanjar makkhiyan (kuchh prajaatiyon key tej bhedi munh key hisson kaa ullekh karate hue) aur gubbare kii makkhiyan hain. nritya makkhiyan" shabd kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi iss parivaar key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye, lekin nritya makkhiyan, joe pahale yahaan shamil kii gaee theen, abb ack alag parivaar hypotidae maani jaati hain.
varnan.
shabdon key liye diptera kii aakriti vigyaan dekhein.
empedidae chhoti seey madhyam aakar kii makkhiyan hoti hain, joe shayed hii kabhi badee hoti hain (1 seey 15 mimi.). shareer patala yaa lamba hotaa haye aur shayed hii kabhi hotaa haye.
thickset. rung peele seey laker kaale taka hotaa haye, aur way paraagan yaa chamakdaar hoe sakate hain, lekin kabhi bhee dhaatu kii chamak naheen hoti haye. sir aksar chhota hotaa haye aur apekshaakrit badee aankho key saath goal hotaa haye. purush aur (shayed hii kabhi) mahila kii aankhen sannihit (holoptic) hoe sakati hain. antina mein aamtaur parr teen khand hotey hain jinamen seey teesara sabse badaa hotaa haye aur ack lamba yaa chhota, aamtaur parr epical arista yaa shally dhaaran kartaa haye. aankho mein aksar antina key star parr ack cheera (nishan) hotaa haye. probosis aksar lamba hotaa haye aur kaee vanshon mein shaktishali aur bhedi hotaa haye. yadi munh key hisse dridhata seey lambe hotey hain tou way aage yaa neeche kii or agra pair kii or prakshepit karate hain. kuchh prajaatiyon mein chhote mukh bhaag hotey hain. pair aamtaur parr lambe aur patale hotey hain lekin aksar shaktishali hotey hain aur kuchh mamalon mein, aage key pair raptorial hotey hain, shikaar koo pakadane aur pakadane key liye anukoolit hotey hain. pankh spasht yaa aanshik roop seey rangeen hotey hain aur kuchh prajaatiyon mein, ack kalank sthaan key saath, yaa ack alag pattern key saath. radial nus r4 + 5 aksar kantedar hoti haye aur discal-medical cell (dm) lagbhag hamesha maujood hoti haye. costa costa + 5 parr yaa usase kuchh hii aage samaapt hotaa haye, yaa pankh key margine key saath jaari rahata haye, aur ise anya parivaaron seey alag karane key liye ack visheshta key roop mein upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. sookshm prajaatiyon mein pankhon kaa venation aksar saral kiya jaataa haye. gudaa nus key besal paksh parr pankhon key peechhe key hisse koo akshiya yaa gudaa khand kaa padnam diyaa gayaa haye. atyadhik vikasit akshiya khand vaali prajaatiyon mein, margine alula key margine key saath ack konn banaa sakata haye. ise akshiya konn kahaa jaataa haye, jiska aakar aksar ack achchi naidaanik visheshta hoti haye. ise binaa ghumate aur samamit terminals kii upasthiti seey dolichopodidae aur hybotidae seey alag kiya jaa sakata haye. rs (radial sector) kaa mool bindu humoural crossween (aich) seey doori parr aich kii lambai key barabar yaa usase adhik haye. kuchh prajaatiyon koo chhodkar, empedidae aasaani seey ragadidae aur atelestidae parivaaron seey ack prosternum honey seey alag kiya jaa sakata haye joe propisternum key saath judaa hotaa haye, joe ack precoxal pull banaata haye.
larva mein ack adhura sir capsule (hemicephalic) hotaa haye jise aksar pett key khand 1-7 yaa 1-8 parr jodeedaar parapods key saath vaksh 8-khandit pett mein vaapas leey jaaya jaataa haye. 
gudaa khand koo aksar lobe kiya jaataa haye. pyupa binaa puperium key hotaa haye.
jeev vigyaan.
vayask samrajya vibhinn prakaar key vann aavason mein, paudhon kii pattiyon parr, pedon kii chaddi parr, jaleey vanaspati parr aur dhaara key tala aur risaav vaale aavason mein bhee paae jaate hain. kuchh prajaatiyan khule kshetron jaise ghaas key maidanon, krishi kshetron, daldal, tateey kshetron aur samudra taton seey judee hui hain. vayask anya diptera (anya empedids sahit), hemiptera, homoptera, lapidoptera, trichoptera, thysanoptera, hymenoptera, neuroptera, placoptera, ephemeroptera, collioptera, colembola aur ekaari sahit arthropod shikaar koo pakadate hain. apane shikaar key kaaran way vibhinn keat prajaatiyon key mahatvapurna praakritik aur javic niyantran agent hain aur ack vishal prajaati vividhata key saath ack samooh key roop mein way aavason kii ack vistrit shrinkhala parr kabja karate hain. kuchh vayask empedidae bhee amrit praapt karane key liye foolon kaa daura karate hain. cumm seey cumm kuchh samooh ("itifila", "enthepiscopus", "anthalia", "alenthalia" aur "euthineura") parag koo khilaa curr apani sabhi protein kii jarooraton koo praapt karate hain. larva aam taur parr nama mitty, saree hui lakadi, gobar yaa jaleey aavason mein paae jaate hain aur vibhinn arthropods, vishesh roop seey anya diptera larva parr bhee purvagaami dikhaai dete hain.
kuchh empedidae, jaise kii europeeya prajaati "hilara maura", mein ack vistrit prem prasang anushthaan hotaa haye jisamen purush resham mein ack shikaar vastu koo lapetata haye aur sambhog koo uttejit karane key liye ise mahila koo prastut kartaa haye. yeh pahali baar dekhaa gayaa thaa kii inn makkhiyon ney bairan carle wonn osten-sacken dwara resham key "vivaah upahaar" liye they. empedidae vividh sambhog pranaliyon koo darshaata haye, jisamen prajaatiyon seey laker jisamen purush sambhog jhundon mein ekatrit hotey hain, aur mahilaaon koo chunane key liye pratispardha karate hain, jisamen mahilaaen saamoohik roop seey karati hain aur purushon koo chunane key dhyaan key liye pratispardha karati hain. kuchh prajaatiyon mein, jaise kii uttari americi prajaati "ramphomia longikuada", purushon dwara pradaan kiye gaye bhojan key liye pratispardha itani majboot haye kii mahilaaon ney apane pairon parr pankhdar "pennet" taraju, kaale pankh aur phoolane yogya pett kii thaili sahit vistrit aabhushan vikasit kiye hain joe unaki aakarshan koo badhaate hain.
vikas aur pranaaleegat.
empedidae kaa ember jamaa mein achchi tarah seey pratinidhitva kiya jaataa haye aur parivaar nishchit roop seey navintam samay mein cretaceous avadhi dwara achchi tarah seey sthaapit kiya gayaa haye.
dou samoohon koo pahale yahaan upa-parivaaron key roop mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, jinhen abb aam taur parr empedoidia mein alag-alag parivaaron key roop mein maanaa jaataa haih atelestidae aur hybotidae. brachystomatidae koo kabhi-kabhi ack alag parivaar key roop mein bhee alag kiya jaataa haye, lekin yeh truti mein prateet hotaa haye. microphora lambe samay taka empedidae mein ack upa-parivaar key roop mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, phir sankshep mein ack alag parivaar key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, aur abb lambe pair vaali makkhiyon (dolichopodidae) kaa ack upa-parivaar maanaa jaataa haye.
vartamaan mein yahaan rakhe gaye upa-parivaaron mein, sabhi monophylatic samoohon kii pushti naheen kii gaee haye. kuchh punarvyavasthaaen, vishesh roop seey empedidae banaam dolichopodidae key pariseeman key sambandh mein-joe ack saath empidodia key thoke aur sabse unnat vansh kaa pratinidhitva karate hain-bhavishya mein honey kii sambhavana haye. halanki brachystomatine, empedine aur haemorodromine apane sampoornata mein nikatatam rishtedaron key praakritik samooh prateet hotey hain, aur cleanocerrine spasht roop seey sabse badey hisse key liye hain.
sabse haal key phylogenetic adhyayanon key aadhar parr, empedidae aur empedodia key anya sadasyon key beach sambandh iss prakaar haye. empedidae key sthaan parr bolled formatting mein jore diyaa jaataa haye.

