vibhajit rekha kaa saadrishya

vibhajit rekha () kii saadrishya yunani daarshanik plato dwara "ganarajya" (509d-511e) mein prastut kii gaee haye. ise glaucan aur socretis key beach ack samvaad key roop mein likhaa gayaa haye, jisamen baad vaalaa poorv key anurodh parr soorya key turant poorvavarti saadrishya parr vistaar seey bataata haye. socretus glaucon seey naa kewal iss asman roop seey vibhajit rekha kii kalpana karane key liye kahata haye, balki donon khandon mein seey pratyek koo aage dwibhajit karane kii kalpana karane key liye kahata haye. socretis bataate hain kii chaar parinami khand maanas key chaar alag-alag 'aakarshan' (παθερατα) kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. kahaa jaataa haye kii nichale dou khand drishya kaa pratinidhitva karate hain jabaki uchch dou koo bodhgamya kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye kahaa jaataa haye. inn premon koo anukram mein vaastaviktaa aur satya key badhate staron key anuroop varnit kiya gayaa haye, anuman (εικασία) seey vishvaas () seey vichaar (δινοια) aur anta mein samajh () taka. isake alawa, yeh saadrishya naa kewal maanas key ack siddhant koo vistrit kartaa haye, balki aadhyatmik aur gyanmimansa sambandhi vichaaron koo bhee prastut kartaa haye.
varnan.
ganarajya" (509d-510a) mein, socretis ney glaucon key liye vibhajit rekha kaa varnan iss tarah seey kiya haih
drishya duniya.
iss prakaar abb bhautik cheejon kii chhaaya aur pratibimbon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, aur bee. see. bhautik cheejen swayam. yeye dou prakaar key gyaan key anuroop hain, hamaare samanya, rosemarra key anubhav kaa bhram ("ekataa"), aur asatat bhautik vastuon key baare mein vishvaas (πίστις "pista") joe unaki chhaaya daalati hain. timeus" mein, bhram kii shreni mein way sabhi "raay shamil hain jinake baare mein aam logon key munn bharey hue hain", jabaki praakritik vigyaan vishvaas kii shreni mein shamil hain.
greek mein "anuman" key arth mein shabd ikasia () kaa upayog plato dwara roopon seey nipatane key maanviya tareeke koo sandarbhit karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa. vishesh roop seey, ise drishya khand key nichale upkhand key roop mein pahachaana jaataa haye aur chhaviyon kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, jise plato ney "pahale chhaaya, phir paani mein aur sabhi saghan, chikani aur chamakdaar samagri mein pratibimb" key roop mein varnit kiya haye. daarshanik key anusaar, "ikasia" aur "pistis" "doxa" mein jodate hain, joe utpatti (banane) seey sambandhit haye.
"ikasia" kii kaee vyaakhyaaen hain. udaaharan key liye, yeh samajhane mein asamarthata haye kii kyaa ack dhaarana kissy aur cheez kii chhavi haye. isaliye yeh hamein yeh samajhane seey rokta haye kii ack sapana yaa smriti yaa darpan mein pratibimb vaastaviktaa naheen haye. yansi dominic jaise vidvaanon dwara prastut ack anya bhinnata bataati haye kii yeh mool koo samajhane kaa ack tarika haye joe una vastuon koo utpann kartaa haye jinhen "ikasia" maanaa jaataa haye. yeh kissy koo chhavi koo vaastaviktaa seey alag karane kii anumati detaa haye jaise kii koee vyakti ack pedh key liye ack gaddhe mein ack pedh key pratibimb koo galat samajhane seey butch sakata haye.
samajhdaar duniya.
kuchh anuvaadon key anusaar, see. ee. khand, joe bodhgamya duniya kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, koo assie key samaan anupaat mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye, joe upkhand cd aur dee detaa haye (yeh aasaani seey satyaapit kiya jaa sakata haye kii cd kii lambai bee. see. key samaan honey chaahieh
plato see. dee. kaa varnan kartaa haye, inmein seey "nichala", ganitiya tark (διάνοια "dynoya") seey judaa huaa haye, jahaan jyaamitiya rekhaaon jaisi amoort ganitiya vastuon parr charcha kii jaati haye. aisee vastuein bhautik duniya key baahar hain (aur una rekhaaon key "chitra" key saath bhramit naheen honah chaahiye, joe bhautik duniya eesaa poorv key bheetar aatee hain). haalaanki, way daarshanik samajh key vishayon kii tulanaa mein plato key liye cumm mahatvapurna hain (νοησις "nossis"), inn dou upkhandon (dee) key "uchch":
yahaan plato samanya vastuon aur unaki chhaayaon yaa pratibimbon key beach parichit sambandh kaa upayog curr rhaa haye taaki bhautik duniya aur vichaaron (roopon) kii duniya key beach key sambandh koo samagr roop seey spasht kiya jaa sakey. poorvavarti key paarit pratibimbon kii ack shrinkhala seey banaa haye, joe shashwat, adhik vaastavik aur "satya" haye."isake alawa, hamaare paas vichaaron kaa gyaan-jaba vaastav mein hamaare paas yeh hotaa haye-kewal bhautik duniya key gyaan kii tulanaa mein uchch crum kaa hotaa haye. vishesh roop seey, roopon kaa gyaan achche key vichaar (roop) key gyaan kii or leey jaataa haye.
aadhyatmik mahatva.
vibhajit rekha kii sadrishyata plato key aadhyatmik dhaanche kii adharshila haye. yeh sanrachana plato key tatvamimansa, gyanmimansa aur naitikta kii bhavya tasveer koo ack saath darshaati haye. daarshanik key liye vichaaron (roopon) koo samajhana paryaapt naheen haye, usey sanrachana key sabhi chaar staron key saath vichaaron key sambandh koo bhee samajhana chaahiye taaki vaha kuchh bhee zaan sakey. ganarajya" mein, daarshanik koo nyaaypurna jeevan jeene yaa nyaaypurna raajya koo vyavasthit karane aur sanchaalit karane key liye nyaay key vichaar koo samajhana chaahiye.
vibhajit rekha adhikansh ateet aur bhavishya key tatvamimansa key liye hamaare maargdarshak key roop mein bhee kaary karati haye. sabse nichala star, joe "banane aur gujarane kii duniya" ("ganarajya", 508d) kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, nirantar pravaah key ack heraclitian darshan aur upasthiti aur raay key protagorian darshan key liye aadhyatmik model haye. doosara star, nishchit bhautik vastuon kii duniya, bhee abhijaat varg kaa aadhyatmik model bunn gayaa. teesara star ganit kaa pythagorean star hoe sakata haye. chautha star plato kii aadarsh parmenidian vaastaviktaa haye, joe uchchatam star key vichaaron kii duniya haye.
gyaanshaastriya arth.
plato gyaan kii bahut sakht dhaarana rakhta haye. udaaharan key liye, vaha kissy vishay key baare mein visheshagyata koo sweekaar naheen kartaa haye, naa hii pratyaksh dhaarana ("dietates" dekhein), naa hii bhautik duniya ("meno") key baare mein sachcha vishvaas gyaan key roop mein sweekaar kartaa haye. daarshanik key liye vichaaron (roopon) koo samajhana paryaapt naheen haye, usey sanrachana key sabhi chaar staron key saath vichaaron key sambandh koo bhee samajhana chaahiye taaki vaha kuchh bhee zaan sakey. iss kaaran seey, pahale key adhikansh socretic samvaadon mein, socretis apane aur dusaron donon koo gyaan seey incar karate hain.
pahale star key liye, "banane aur gujarane kii duniya", plato spasht roop seey gyaan kii sambhavana seey incar kartaa haye. nirantar parivartan kabhi bhee ack jaisa naheen rahata haye, isaliye vastuon key gunon koo alag-alag samay parr alag-alag vichaaron koo sandarbhit karna chaahiye. dhyaan dein kii gyaan key sambhav honey key liye, joe plato maanata thaa, anya teen star aparivartaniya honey chaahiye. teesara aur chautha star, ganit aur vichaar, pahale seey hii shashwat aur aparivartaniya hain. haalaanki, yeh sunishchit karane key liye kii doosara star, uddeshya, bhautik duniya, bhee aparivartaniya haye, "gantantra" mein, pustak 4 anubhavjanya roop seey vyutpann swayamsiddh pratibandhon kaa parichay detee haye joe gati aur parivartan donon drishtikon koo pratibandhit karate hain.

