
abraham vees

abraham vees (1895-1970) 1940 seey 1967 taka newyork key yeshiva vishvavidyalaya mein talmud key professor they. way talmud key vaigyaanik adhyayan key vikas mein apane yogdan key liye jaane jaate hain. paaramparik aur shaikshanik donon arthon mein ack prasiddh talmudic vidwan, unhein talmud key mahatvapurna paath adharit adhyayan key liye ack paddhati koo chitrit karane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye.
jeevani.
vees kaa janm podhajse, galicia mein huaa thaa, jahan unhone paaramparik yahudi shiksha praapt kii thee. 1916 mein unhein david horowitz, stanislau key rabbi seey niyukti dee gaee aur agale varsh vees ney vienna vishvavidyalaya mein pravesh kiya. 1921 mein unhone ack ph. dee. poori kii.dee. itihas aur shaastriya bhasha vigyaan mein, shodh prabandh kaa vishay "madhya yug key dauran yahoodiyon key saath pope kaa sambandh" haye. iss avadhi key dauran vees ney rabbi aptovitzer key margadarshan mein apani talmudic padhaai jaari rakhee, jinase unhein 1922 mein ack atirikt pramaan patra praapt huaa.
1928 mein weiss koo polland key varsau mein yahudi vigyaan sansthaan mein talmud key liye dossent key roop mein seva karane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa. vahaan apane samay key dauran weiss zionist gatividhiyon aur yahudi sampradayik mamalon mein bahut adhik shamil they. sabse vishesh roop seey, vees ney polland key mizrachi sangathan (1935-1940) key upaadhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya, aur unhein varsau kii yahudi samiti (judenrate) mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. yeh baad kii kshamata mein thaa kii veez ney yuddhakaaleen yahudi basti key nirmaan key karyanvayan mein deree karane mein madad kii.
1940 mein vees koo yeshiva vishvavidyalaya mein talmud key professor key pada kii peshkash kii gaee thee. unhone sweekaar kiya aur naazi narsamhar seey bachate hue apane parivaar key saath sanyukt raajya america kii yatra kii. way ack chauthai sadee seey adhik samay taka yeshiva vishvavidyalaya mein rahey, snaatak vishvavidyalaya aur bernard rivel graduate school off yahudi studies donon key bheetar padon key saath. 1967 mein, vees yeshiva vishvavidyalaya mein apane pada seey sevaanivritt hue aur israel chaley gaye. israel mein, vees ney 1970 mein apani mrityu taka baar-ilaan vishvavidyalaya mein vyakhyan diyaa. unake bete dow. moshe vees aur pro. benjamin vees.
vichaar.
veez key shodh ney babylonian talmood key ack mahatvapurna adhyayan parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. jabaki talmud key itihas key pichhale jaanchkartaon ney mukhya roop seey baahari sroton seey apani jaankaari maangi, weiss kaa maanana thaa kii talmud key kissy bhee adhyayan key liye ack vaichaarik vishleshan key alawa ack vyaapak paath vishleshan kii aavashyakta hoti haye; ack aisee vidhi jise baad mein "ander-baahar key drishtikon" key roop mein gadhaa gayaa thaa. unhone una shabdon key upayog key vishleshan key saath shuruat kii joe sroton key uddharan kaa sanket dete hain, phir talmudic charcha key bheetar baad key aur pahale key tatvon kii or badhe, aur adhyaayon, lekhon aur ack saahityik ikai key roop mein talmud key liye unake mahatva mein chaley gaye.
vees key nishkarshon mein seey ack yeh raay haye kii talmud amoram key samay seey geonym key samay taka ack nirantar prakriya thee. yeh pahale kii dhaarana seey ack viram thaa kii talmud kaa antim sampadan ravna aur raav aashee, dou divangat amoram key haathon huaa thaa.
babylonian talmud key vikas aur saboric aur praarambhik gaunik gatividhiyon parr unake adhyayan ney talmud key vikas aur talmud kaanoon kii vyakhya mein kaee nae raaste khole.
babylonian talmud kii tulanaa mein, jerusalam talmud koo aam taur parr ack aspasht aur samajhane mein mushkil key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye. veez ney tark diyaa kii jerusalam talmud key mool spasht paath kaa ack bhrasht sanskaran honey key bajaay, yeh mool paath kaa aparivartit sanskaran haye, jabaki babylonian talmud (joe mool roop seey spashtata key star mein jerusalam talmud seey milata-julata thaa, unhone tark diyaa) koo baad kii peedhiyon dwara spashteekaran, sanyojak ansh aur srot uddharan jodane key liye sampaadit kiya gayaa thaa.
veez ney tark diyaa kii mool roop seey "ack [babylonian] talmud" honey key bajaay, "kaee talmud" they, kyonki pratyek akadami ney vishisht maargon koo cover karate hue apane swayam key talmud kaa utpaadan kiya, aur hamaare babylonian talmud jyaadaatar pambeditha kii akadami key talmud seey praapt hotey hain. unakaa tark haye kii pambeditha akadami ney zeraim aur tehrot key mishnayik aadeshon parr kabhi bhee talmud kaa utpaadan naheen kiya, isaliye una vishayon parr kabhi bhee "babylonian talmud" maujood naheen thaa, jabaki una vishayon parr kabhi-kabhi talmud samagri joe babylonian talmud mein kaheen aur uddhrit kii jaati haye, anya akadamiyon key talmud seey lii jaati haye.
veez ney talmud key samaan mishna mein paath vikas key pramaan dekhe. udaaharan key liye, mishna shabbat mein vaha teen staron koo samajhata haih ack praarambhik anaam mishna; praarambhik tannem seey parivardhan (mandir key vinash key aspas yaa usase pahale); dair seey tannem seey parivardhan (baar kochba vidroh key baad).
anya tanaitik halakik karyon (tosefta aur halakik midrashim) key sambandh mein, jinhen talmud kabhi-kabhi uddhrit kartaa haye lekin kabhi-kabhi isake vipareet halach kaa faisala kartaa haye-veez ney tark diyaa kii talmud mein vibhinn ansh (sugyot) vibhinn lekhakon dwara banaae gaye they, jinamen seey kuchh koo tosefta yaa midrashim taka pahunch thee, jinamen seey kuchh ney naheen kiya thaa.