
moldova mein jaatiya aur bhashai pehchaan parr vivaad

moldova mein mukhya jaatiya samooh kii rashtriya pehchaan aur mool bhasha key naam parr ack vivaad maujood haye. yeh mudda adhik baar vivaadit haye kii kyaa moldovan romanon key ack upsamooh kaa gathan karate hain yaa ack alag jaatiya samooh kaa gathan karate hain. jabaki ack aam bhasha key astitva key baare mein vyaapak sahamati haye, kuchh raajneetik sandarbhon mein "moldov bhasha" shabd key upayog key baare mein vivaad banaa huaa haye.
1991 seey moldova ganarajya kii swatantrata kii ghoshana aadhikarik bhasha koo "romanian" kahati haye, aur swatantra moldova dwara apanaaya gayaa pahala gaan "destepte-taye, romne!" thaa."(" jaago, roman!"), romania key gaan key samaan. desh mein raajneetik vikas koo pratibimbit karate hue, moldova (1994) kaa samvidhaan aadhikarik bhasha koo "moldov" kahata haye, aur apane naam key binaa kissy spasht sandarbh key gaan "limba nostra" ("hamari bhasha") key roop mein sthaapit kartaa haye. isake alawa, 2003 mein, ack gair-nyaayik raajneetik dastaavez jise "moldova ganarajya kii rashtriya neeti kii avadharana" kahaa jaataa haye, jise tatkalin communist-prabhutva vaali sansad dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa, spasht roop seey rome key logon koo moldova mein ack jaatiya alpasankhyak key roop mein naamit kartaa haye.
moldova key bheetar vaigyaanik samudaay key kuchh sadasyon dwara moldovan aur roman logon key beach aadhikarik roop seey sweekrit antar kii aalochana kii gaee haye, aur isane aabaadi key kuchh vargon, vishesh roop seey buddhijiviyon aur chhatron seey virodh jataaya haye, joe kaee raajneetik taakton seey prerit hain. isake alawa, samasya ney padosi romenia key saath moldova key rajanyik sambandhon koo tanaavpurna banaa diyaa.
aatm-pehchaan aur lokpriya dhaaranaaen.
2002 mein ack norwegian akaadamik samooh dwara prakaashit ack sarvekshan mein paaya gayaa kii moldova mein vishesh roop seey roman key roop mein jaatiya aatm-pehchaan bahut cumm thee; 762 logon mein seey kewal 12 kii pehchaan vishesh roop seey roman key roop mein kii gaee thee. (samooh ney transnistria key kissy bhee nivasi kaa sakshatkar naheen liya.) iss sawal parr kii kyaa jaatiya moldovans jaatiya romanon seey alag hain, 26 pratishat swa-ghoshit moldovans ney kahaa kii "bahut alag", 55 pratishat "kuchh alag", aur kewal 5 pratishat ney koee antar naheen dekhaa. isake vipareet, moldovan aur roman bhasha key beach antar key sawal parr, 53.5% ney koee antar naheen dekhaa, 33.3% ney unhein "kuchh alag" maanaa, aur 11 pratishat koo pataa naheen thaa. college aur anya. iss nishkarsh parr pahuncha kii "moldavia kii roman bhashi aabaadi joe bhee antar-yuddh kaal mein khud koo maanati thee, unamen seey adhikansh ney abb ack moldov jaatiya pehchaan koo aantarik banaa liya haye."haalaanki unhone nott kiya kii yeh pehchaan kewal bhasha seey" "kamjor roop seey sambandhit" "haye.
octuber 2009 mein imas-ink chininyu dwara moldova mein kiye gaye ack sarvekshan ney desh key ander pehchaan kii dhaarana kii kuchh vistrit tasveer prastut kii. pratibhagiyon koo moldovanon aur romanon kii pehchaan key beach sambandh koo 1 (poori tarah seey samaan) seey 5 (poori tarah seey alag) key beach key paimaane parr mulyankan karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa. sarvekshan seey pataa chalata haye kii poore namoone kaa 26 pratishat, jisamen sabhi jaatiya samooh shamil hain, daavaa karate hain kii donon pehchaan samaan yaa bahut samaan hain, jabaki 47 pratishat kaa daavaa haye kii way alag yaa poori tarah seey alag hain. vibhinn shreniyon key vishayon key beach parinam kaafee bhinn hotey hain. udaaharan key liye, 33 pratishat yuva uttardaataon (ayu 18-29) ney ack hii yaa bahut samaan, aur 44 pratishat alag yaa bahut alag chunaa. varishth uttardaataon (60 varsh seey adhik ayu key) mein, sambandhit aankade 18.5% aur 53 pratishat they. desh key ausat seey sabse badey vichalan mein seey ack rajdhani chininyu key nivaasiyon mein seey thaa, jinake liye aankade 42 pratishat aur 44 pratishat they. sarvekshan seey yeh bhee pataa chalata haye kii rashtriya ausat (25 pratishat) kii tulanaa mein, loga donon pahchaanon koo samaan yaa bahut samaan samajhane kii adhik sambhavana rakhate hain yadi way yuva (33 pratishat) hain, roman (30 pratishat) key mool vaktaa hain, uchch shiksha (36 pratishat) rakhate hain yaa shahari kshetron (30 pratishat) mein rahate hain, vishesh roop seey rajdhani shahar (42 pratishat) mein.
romenia.
romania mein, moldova ganarajya key nivaasiyon koo bolchal kii bhasha mein "besarabian" (besarabeni, "besarabeni kshetra key baad) kahaa jaataa haye, taaki way roman moldavia kshetra key nivaasiyon seey alag hoe sakein joe aam taur parr khud koo" moldavian "(moldoveni) key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain, lekin roman jaatiyata ghoshit karate hain.
bhashai vivaad.
1994 kaa samvidhaan aadhikarik bhasha koo moldovan kahata haye, jabaki 1991 kii moldovan swatantrata kii ghoshana ise romanian key roop mein sandarbhit karati haye."2012-13 key liye rashtriya vidyalaya pathyakram vishayon koo soochibaddh kartaa haye" "limba see litertura rome" "(roman bhasha aur saahitya) aur" "estoria romneiler see universal" "(shaabdik roop seey" "romanon aur saarvbhaumik (itihas) kaa itihas" "). moldova dwara swatantrata ghoshit kiye jaane key baad seey schools mein padhaae jaane vaale vishay kaa naam roman bhasha thaa. 2013 taka, moldova kii sarkaar ney apani website koo dekhane key liye "romanian" koo bhasha vikalpon mein seey ack key roop mein soochibaddh kiya. disambar 2013 mein, moldova kii samvaidhaanik adalat key ack faisale ney faisala sunaaya kii swatantrata kii ghoshana samvidhaan parr prathamikta letee haye aur raajya bhasha koo "romanian" kahaa jaanaa chaahiye.
anivarya roop seey iss baat parr koee asahamati naheen haye kii moldova mein aadhikarik bhasha kaa maanak roop maanak romanian key samaan haye; moldova kii bolly jaane vaali bhasha, chhote kshetriya matbhedon key bavjood, romania aur isake vipareet bolane vaalon key liye poori tarah seey samajhane yogya haye. uchchaaran aur shabdawali key chayan mein mamuli antar hain. udaaharan key liye, pattagobhi, drill aur tarbooj kramshah "curie", "sphredel" aur "harbooz" hain, donon moldova ganarajya aur moldavia key roman bhaag mein, lekin unake paryaayavaachi shabd "varzaa", "bergieu" aur "pepin" walchia mein pasand kiye jaate hain.
joe loga bhashai vivaad seey bachana chaahte hain, way kabhi-kabhi khand "limba dee state" (raajya bhasha) kaa upayog karate hain.
dohri nagrikta.
2001 mein, europeeya sangh ney romenia parr sabhi moldov yaatriyon key liye ack antarrashtriya passport kii aavashyakta key liye dabaav daala.
isake turant baad, kaafee sankhya mein moldovan logon ney roman nagrikta key liye aavedan karna shuru curr diyaa. 2001 key anaupchaarik aankadon ney sujhaav diyaa kii lagbhag 200,000 moldovans key paas bhee ack roman nagrikta thee, iss tathya key bavjood kii usa samay moldova mein dohri nagrikta aadhikarik taur parr avaidh thee. bhaari sankhya mein avedanon key kaaran, roman dutawas ney 2002 mein ack sthagan lagaa diyaa. moldova mein 2003 key sthaaniya chunaavon key dauran dohri nagrikta ack chunavi mudda bunn gayaa. usa varsh navambar mein, moldov kii sansad ney ack kaanoon paarit kiya jisane dohri nagrikta kii anumati dee; yeh romania key alawa anya deshon, vishesh roop seey roose aur ukraine parr lagu hotaa haye.
sitambar 2007 mein, romenia ney moldovanon koo romanian nagrikta dene (yaa bahaal karane) kii apani neeti koo phir seey shuru kiya, jinhone iska anurodh kiya thaa. isake jawab mein, communist key netritva vaali moldov sansad ney ack kaanoon paarit kiya (octuber 2007 mein) jisamen dohri nagrikta rakhane vaale yaa videsh mein rahane vaale kissy bhee vyakti koo saarvajanik pada dhaaran karane seey pratibandhit kiya gayaa thaa. 2007 taka, lagbhag 120,000 moldovan nagrikon koo roman nagrikta mill gaee thee. 2009 mein, romenia ney 36,000 aur nagrikon koo manjuri dee aur prati maah 10,000 taka sankhya badhaane kii ummeed haye.
 roman rashtrapati trian besescu ney daavaa kiya kii 10 laakh seey adhik logon ney isake liye anurodh kiye hain, aur iss uchch sankhya koo kuchh logon dwara iss pehchaan vivaad key parinamswarup dekhaa jaataa haye. saamyavaadi sarkaar (2001-2009), ack alag moldov jaatiya samooh kii mukhar adhivakta, ney kaee nagrikta koo moldov raajya key liye khatra maanaa.
dohri nagrikta dharakon key raajneetik adhikaaron koo seemit karane vaale moldovan kaanoon koo "tanase banaam" key mamle mein manvadhikaron kii europeeya adalat mein chunauti dee gaee thee. moldova.  27 aprail, 2010 koo, ehcr key bhavya kaksh ney nirnay liya kii pratibandh apane lock sevakon aur sansad key sadasyon kii wafadari sunishchit karane key sarkaar key uddeshya key saath asman thaa.
dair spiegel" dwara sakshatkar kiye gaye ack aavedak ney kahaah "main iss passport key saath aage paschim mein jaanaa chaahata huun. mujhe romenia kii parwah naheen haye."" eu paryavekshak "ney likhaa" "kaee moldovan roman passport koo eu kii kunji maanate hain", "marian german key anusaar, ack buchest abhiyojak, jisake karyalaya ney dalalon aur naukarshahon key ack network kii jaanch kii haye joe paise key liye nagrikta avedanon mein teji laa rahey they. "sub loga jaanate hain", unhone kahaa. "way kewal isaliye roman nagrikta maangate hain kyonki yeh unhein europeeya sangh key bheetar yatra karane aur kaam karane kii swatantrata detaa haye. rashtriya nagrikta pradhikaran, aine. see. aeye. key ack adhikaari ney naam naa chhaapane kii shart parr bolate hue pushti kii kii moldovanon ney 2007 taka roman rashtriyata praapt karane mein bahut cumm ruchi dikhaai thee.
soros foundation dwara 2012 key ack adhyayan key anusaar, 1991 aur 15 agast 2011 key beach thheek 226,507 moldovan nivaasiyon ney roman nagrikta praapt kii haye. usee srot seey ack adyatan adhyayan mein paaya gayaa kii 1991 mein nagrikta kaanoon key paarit honey seey 2012 key anta taka, moldova seey safal avedanon kii sankhya 323,049 thee. inn avedanon mein nagrikta pradaan kiye gaye vyaktiyon kii vaastavik sankhya spasht naheen haye kyonki pratyek aavedan mein nabalig shamil hoe sakate hain joe vayask filing parr nirbhar hain. vyaktiyon kii sankhya lagbhag 400,000 honey kaa anuman haye.
raajneetik sthiti.
pramukh moldovan raajneetik taakton kii moldovanon kii pehchaan key baare mein alag-alag raay haye. yeh virodhabhas rashtriya itihas key prati unake rukh mein parilakshit hotaa haye jise schools mein padhaaya jaanaa chaahiye. liberal party (pee. ell.), liberal democratic party (pee. ell. dee. aim.) aur hamaare moldova gathbandhan (aeye. aim. aine.) jaisi taakaten romanon key itihas key shikshan kaa samarthan karati hain. anya, jaise kii loktaantrik party (pee. dee.) aur communists kii party (pee. see. aar. aim.) moldova ganarajya key itihas kaa samarthan karati hain.
moldovenism.
soviyat prayaas, joe 1924 key baad shuru hue aur 1940 key baad poori tarah seey lagu kiye gaye, sthaaniya moldov pehchaan parr jore dene aur ise ack alag jaatiyata mein badalane key liye, saath hii swatantrata key baad moldov rajneeti mein isaki punaravritti, vishesh roop seey communist sarkaar (2001-2009) key dauran, aksar moldovenism key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. moldovanwadi sthiti kathit roman-moldovan jaatiya pehchaan kaa khandan karati haye, aur kabhi-kabhi ack samanya bhasha key astitva kaa bhee khandan karati haye. americi itihaaskaar james stuart olson ney apani pustak-"russie aur soviyat samrajyon kaa ack nrijaatiya shabdakosh" mein maanaa haye kii moldovans aur roman roman bhasha, jaatiyata aur aitihaasik vikas seey itane nikatata seey sambandhit hain kii unhein ack hii vyakti maanaa jaa sakata haye.
choonki "moldov" koo vyaapak roop seey kewal ack raajneetik shabd maanaa jaataa haye jiska upayog roman bhasha koo naamit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, isaliye ack alag bhasha key samarthakon koo aksar vaigyaanik virodhi yaa raajneetik maanaa jaataa haye. ack vishisht udaaharan moldov-romanian shabdakosh haye.
moldovans kii bhasha aur pehchaan parr moldovans key adhyaksh.
missia snigur, pahale moldovan rashtrapati (1992-1996), samanya roman-moldovan jaatiya aur bhashai pehchaan key kuchh bahumukhi samarthakah
"inn sufflet eram (си sunt) maaee rome-decott multir invinutory."
"merrie aatma mein main apane adhikansh aarop lagaane vaalon kii tulanaa mein adhik roman thaa (aur huun)."
moldova (2001-2009) key rashtrapati vladmir voronin, joe aam roman-moldovan jaatiya pehchaan key virodhi they, ney kabhi-kabhi ack aam bhasha key astitva koo sweekaar kiyaah
limba moldovneska fupt maama limbi rome key liye thaa. yeh ack aisaa sthaan haye jahan aap ack dusare seey pyaar karate hain.»
"moldovan vaastav mein roman bhasha kii maataa haye. ise roman kahana itihas koo dhokha denaa aur apani maan key saath anyaay karna haye."
"ack alag tarah seey, ack alag tarah seey."
"humm ack hii bhasha bolate hain [romania aur moldova mein], bhale hii humm ise alag tarah seey kahate hain."
mihai ghimpu, moldovan sansad key adhyaksh aur antarim adhyaksh (2009-2010), aam roman-moldovan jaatiya pehchaan key kattar samarthakah
"kyaa aap ack dusare key liye achchha mahsoos curr rahey hain? yeh ack aisaa kaam haye joe aap curr sakate hain."
"netaaon key roop mein hamein kyaa milaa haye joe jaanate they kii bhasha roman haye aur humm roman hain, lekin iss sachchai koo sweekaar karane key baad hii unhone pada chhod diyaa? main nagrikon koo dhokha dene naheen aaya huun, balki unhein sach bataane aaya huun."
itihas.
moldavia kii riyasat (1359-1812).
madhyayugeen itihas mein moldavian pehchaan.
madhyayugeen moldavia key itihas ney moldavia key nivaasiyon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale naamon koo pramaanit kiya taaki way khud koo sandarbhit curr sakein aur saath hii moldavian, valakian aur transylvanian kii samanya bhasha aur utpatti koo bhee. moldavia key pahale mahatvapurna itihaaskaar, grigor yureche (1590-1647) kaa kahana haye kii hangerian raajya key roman aur moldavian ack hii mool key hain, kyonki donon "rome seey aatey hain. vahee lekhak apane kaam kii bhasha koo "hamari moldavian bhasha" key roop mein sandarbhit kartaa haye. baad mein, itihaaskaar miron coastin (1633-1691) ney apane "onn dha moldavian nation" mein likhaa kii moldavia, walchia aur transylvania mein rahane vaale logon kaa "sabse purana aur adhik dharmi" naam "rumm" (roman) haye, joe kii roman haye, aur yeh naam samrat trajan key upaniveshon seey usa dinn taka rakhaa gayaa thaa, halanki aamtaur parr walchians aur transylvanian key beach. unhone yeh bhee ullekh kiya kii, jabaki moldavia key loga apani pehchaan "moldavian" key roop mein karate hain, way apani bhasha koo "romanian" kahate hain. unake bete, itihaaskaar nikole costin (1660-1712) ney bhee isi tarah kii raay vyakt kii.valakian itihaaskaar (1655-1716) bataate hain kii romanon dwara unakaa arth haye valakia, transylvania aur moldavia key roman, kyonki way sabhi anivarya roop seey ack hii bhasha bolate hain aur ack samaan mool key hain. phir bhee vaha yeh bhee kahata haye kii, walchians aur transylvanian key vipareet, joe "romanian" key roop mein pehchaan karate hain, moldavia kii aabaadi "moldavian" key roop mein pehchaan karati haye. moldavia key rajkumar aur berlin kii shaahi akadami key sadasya demetry cantemir (1673-1723) ney "chronicul vechimei aeye roman-moldo-vlahilor" (roman-moldavian-vlatch kii prachinta kaa itihas) naamak ack itihas pustak likhi. parichayaatmak bhaag mein, vaha ise "poore roman bhoomi kaa ack itihas" ("chronican aeye tota romesk") kahate hain kii "baad mein moldavia, walchia aur transylvania mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa" ("cayer apoi aiss-auo empart inn moldova, muntensk erdial") aur ullekh kartaa haye kii pustak pahale lattin mein likhi gaee thee aur phir romaniyai ("pree limba romesk") mein anuvaad kii gaee thee. yeh pramaanit karate hue kii moldavia key loga khud koo "moldavian" kahate hain, way yeh bhee kahate hain kii "romanian" kaa upayog aamtaur parr transylvanian, moldavian aur valakian ("carrie kyu toti kyu una nume dee obete romani chiyam") kaa ullekh karate samay kiya jaanaa haye.
moldavian key baare mein chayanit videshi yatri.
16veen shatabdi key baad seey moldavia key madhyam seey kaee videshi yaatriyon ney nott kiya kii sthaaniya loga khud koo "romanian" aur unaki bhasha "romanian" kahate hain. way moldavia aur padosi walchia aur transylvania key nivaasiyon key beach ack samanya roman mool kii jagrukta kaa bhee ullekh karate hain. (1495-1554), ack transylvanian saxon, walchia aur moldavia mein habsberg key ferdinand I kaa doot thaa. reicherstorfer ney 1527 aur 1535 mein moldavia kii riyasat mein yatra kii thee aur apane yatra sansmaran likhe they-"moldavia kwe olim dasia pars, chorographia" (1541) aur "chorographia transylvania" (1550). moldavia key bhugol kaa varnan karate hue unhone paaya kii "iss naam key alawa ise walchia bhee kahaa jaataa haye" aur phir moldavian logon key baare mein bolate hue way kahate hain kii "roman [italvi] bhasha abhee bhee iss rashtra mein bunny hui haye...isaliye valakian [moldavia seey] ack italvi rashtra hain, jaisa kii way daavaa karate hain, puraane romanon seey. verona key ack itihaaskaar aur bhaade key sanic, alessandro guagnini (1538-1614) ney moldavia mein dou baar yatra kii aur 1563 mein simhaasan hassil karane mein madad kii. rajkumar kii apani jeevani, "veeta despothy princips moldavia" mein, unhone moldavia key logon koo bataayah "valakiyanon kaa yeh rashtra khud koo" romna "key roop mein sandarbhit kartaa haye aur kahata haye kii way itali key nirvaasit romanon seey utpann hotey hain. unaki bhasha lattin aur italvi bhaashaon kaa mishran haye, taaki ack italvi aasaani seey ack walchian koo samajh sakey. moldavia kii yatra key baad ack anaam yatri, shayed ack italvi jesuit ney 1587 mein logon kaa ack vivaran likhaa aur paaya kii "yeye loga [moldavian] yunani dharm seey sambandhit hain, way harr usa cheez key prati dayaluta seey vichaar karate hain joe roman haye, shayed lattin seey unaki bhrasht bhasha key kaaran, yaa iss vishvaas key liye kii way romanon seey apane vansh key baare mein hain, kyonki way khud koo" roman "kahate hain. inn sroton key anusaar, slaav padosiyon koo moldovans "vlocks" yaa "volox" kahaa jaataa haye, ack shabd joe walchia, transylvania aur balcon praaydweep key sabhi romans bolane vaalon koo samaan roop seey sandarbhit karane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye. nicolaus olahas (1493-1568), pramukh manavtawadi, "hangariya aitt atila" mein likhate hain kii moldavian kii bhasha, anushthaan aur dharm valakian key samaan hain aur unhein alag karane kaa ekmatra tarika unake kapadon seey haye. unhone yeh bhee ullekh kiya kii moldavian aur anya vlutch logon kii bhasha kabhi roman (lattin) thee, kyonki way sabhi roman samrajya key upanivesh they.
thomas thornton (1762-1814) ney 1807 mein ottoman samrajya key ander apani kaee yaatraon key baare mein ack pustak likhi aur kahaa kii valchian aur moldwian kisan khud koo "rumun, yaa roman" kahate hain, taaki way khud koo ladakon (sthaaniya raeeson) seey alag curr sakein, aur unaki bhasha ack bhrasht lattin haye.
praarambhik kaary moldavia kii sthaaniya bhasha mein kiya jaataa haye.
isi tarah, 1643 mein, moldavian rajkumar vasile lupu ney homili kii ack pustak koo praayojit kiya, jiska anuvaad moldavia key mahanagariya varlam dwara slavonic seey roman mein kiya gayaa thaa ("pree limba romeniaska") aur jiska sheershak "carte romenasca dee İnvátürá" (romanian shiksha kii pustak) thaa. rajkumar lupu kaa prastaavana kahata haye kii yeh harr jagah poore roman rashtra koo sambodhit kiya jaataa haye ("laa totaa sementia romneska dee pretutindeni"). yeh pustak, jise "kazania off varlam" (varlam kaa homillery) key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, moldavia mein pahali baar mudrit kii gaee thee aur badee sankhya mein pratiyaan padosi praanton mein faili theen, jahan roman bhashi loga rahate they. isake alawa, transylvania mein calvinist catachism key roman mein anuvaad kii pratikriya key roop mein, metropolitan warlam ney 1645 mein ack "calvinist catachism kii pratikriya" ("ráspuns l catehismul calvinesc") likhi, jise transylvania key "priya isai aur hamaare saath ack roman rashtra" koo sambodhit kiya gayaa thaa, jise 1646 mein moldavia mein kaanoonon key pahale code key printing koo praayojit kiya gayaa thaa, jiska sheershak romanian book off learning ("carte romase day envelle emperate day laa alte giudi") thaa. yeh pustak zantaain parampara seey prerit thee aur 1652 mein prince matee basarab dwara praayojit walchia mein lagbhag samaan kaanoonon kaa ack code dikhaai diyaa.
moldevian metropolitan dosoftei ney roman (tiparita romneste) mein "damnezaiska literjee" ("divya literjee") mudrit kiya. apane "romanian rashtra key liye prastaavana" ("kuvent depruna catra seminitia rumaneska") mein, dosoftei ney pustak koo roman bhasha ("assist daar limbi rumenesty") key liye ack upahaar kahaa haye jiska anuvaad greek ("dee pree elinaska") seey roman ("pree limba rumenesca") mein kiya gayaa haye.
baad mein, russie samrajya dwara besarabia key vilay key baad, iss kshetra mein likhi gaee dhaarmik pustakon koo aamtaur parr "moldavian" bhasha kahaa jaataa haye. iss prakaar 1819 mein chininyu mein mudrit ack menologium mein kahaa gayaa haye kii iska anuvaad slavonic seey moldwian mein kiya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii 1821 seey ack typicon kartaa haye.
rajnayikon kii raay.
austriyai samrajya key shaasak joseph dwiteeya aur catherine dwiteeya, roose kii maharani, joe kii aaee. dee. 1 key beach theen, roose aur austriya key beach ack swatantra buffer raajya banaane key liye, moldavia aur valakia koo ekjut karane key liye taiyar they, joe taba ottoman samprabhuta key tahat they. prastaavit swatantra raajya, jiska naam dasia thaa, mein moldavia, besarabia aur valakia shamil hotey, lekin catherine ney ise russie prabhaav mein chaahte they kyonki ise tathaakathit "greek pariyojana" mein prastut kiya gayaa thaa. 1793 kii british sansad kii bahason key dauran, saimuel whitebread, austriya seey ack swatantra belgium key nirmaan key liye france kii pahal key baare mein bolate hue, ottoman samrajya seey ack swatantra raajya banaane key liye admond barke kii pahal kaa ullekh kartaa haye, jiska naam denube kaa vritt haye jisamen walchia, moldavia aur besarabia shamil hain.
isake alawa, 1747 seey 1762 taka istambul mein utkrisht port key liye rajdoot, british rajanyik surr james porter (1720-1786) key sansmaranon mein ullekh kiya gayaa haye kii ottoman samrajya key ander, slavonians key baad "rumelian" yaa "romani" hain, jinake liye moldavian aur valakian sambandhit hain, joe khud koo "rumuri" kahate hain.
russie samrajya mein besarabia (1812-1918).
1812 mein, moldavia kii riyasat kaa purvi bhaag, jise besarabia kahaa jaataa haye, jisamen moldova ganarajya kaa vartamaan kshetra (transnistria koo chhodkar) shamil haye, ottoman dwara russie samrajya koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa.
transylvania, moldavia aur valakia key sabhi roman bolane vaalon sahit ack ekikrit raajya kaa vichaar 18veen shatabdi seey pahale saamane naheen aaya thaa, kyonki yeh 18veen shatabdi seey shuru hocker "yug kii bhavna key liye videshi" thaa, ack paine-romanian rashtriya vichaar prakat huaa, joe german aur francisi romantic raashtravaad seey prerit thaa. paschimi vishvavidyalayon mein shikshit moldavia aur valakia key yuva ladke apane deshon koo aadhunik banaane key mahatvakankshi raajneetik lakshyon key saath ghar laut aae, aur ack ekikrit roman rashtra raajya key aadarsh koo puuraa karane kii koshish kii. ack mahatvapurna kadam 1859 mein ack anukool antarrashtriya sandarbh mein, alekjendar eoin kuja key chunaav key saath walchia aur (paschimi) moldavia key swaayatt riyasaton key ack aam shaasak key roop mein hassil kiya gayaa thaa. navgathit roman raajya ney raajya dwara vitt poshit saarvbhaumik praathamik vidyalaya key madhyam seey anpadh graameen bahusankhyak logon mein ack samanya roman rashtra seey sambandhit bhavna koo vikasit karane key liye apane praathamik karyon mein seey ack nirdhaarit kiya. romantic aitihaasik pravachan ney itihas koo ekikrit raajya kii or ack march key roop mein phir seey vyakhya kii. ack maankeekrit roman bhasha aur vartani kaa nirmaan, puraane cyrillic koo badalane key liye roman varnamala koo apnana bhee rashtriya pariyojana key mahatvapurna tatva they. halanki abhee bhee videshi shasson key tahat, bahujaatiya transylvania mein romanon key logon ney jaatiya samoohon key saath unaki baatchit key kaaran aur raajneetik heenata kii sthiti aur baad mein hangerian rashtriya raajya key aakramak rashtravadi raajneetik rukh kii pratikriya key roop mein ack roman rashtriya chetna vikasit kii.
iss tarah key vikas russie-niyantrit besarabia mein pratibimbit naheen hue they. samaaj key uchch varg key beach adhik safal shasson kii rusikaran neeti kaa adhikansh graameen moldavian parr mahatvapurna prabhaav naheen padaa. jaisa kii roman rajneta ney usa samay nott kiya thaa, "roman jamindaaron koo saha-chayan kii neeti key madhyam seey rusikrit kiya gayaa thaa, sarkaar ney unhein praant key prashaasan mein pramukh padon koo banaae rakhane kii anumati dee thee, jabaki kisan rashtriya samasya key prati udaseen theh dee-rashtriyakaran key liye koee school naheen they, aur haalaanki church seva russie mein aayojit kii gaee thee, yeh vaastav mein bahut cumm mahatva kaa thaa" isake alawa, jaisa kii buchest vishvavidyalaya key vyakhyata christina petrescu ney ullekh kiya, besarabia ney "dou sanyukt riyasaton [walchia aur moldavia] koo ack aadhunik raajya mein badalane key uddeshya seey sudhaaron" seey chook gaye, irina livezenu kaa daavaa haye kii, isake alawa, 20 veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, moldavia kii poorv riyasat key sabhi kshetron mein kisaanon koo moldwian nivaasiyon kii tulanaa mein moldwian key roop mein pahchaanane kii adhik sambhavana thee.
1849 mein, george long likhate hain kii walchia aur moldavia kewal ack raajneetik seema seey alag hain aur unakaa itihas nikatata seey judaa huaa haye. baad vaale key baare mein vaha kahate hain kii isamen mukhya roop seey "valakian" rahate hain joe khud koo "rumoon" (roman) kahate hain. naslavigyaani robert gorden latham, 1854 mein likhate hain kii jiss naam seey ack walchian, moldwian yaa ack besarabian khud koo naamit kartaa haye, vaha "roman" yaa "rumano" (romanian) haye, ack naam lekhak macedonia key romans bolane vaalon parr bhee lagu hotaa haye. isi tarah, 1845 mein, german bhaai arther scott aur albert scott (itihaaskaar) apani pustak-"valachische maharchen" (valachian purry kathaaen) kii shuruat mein likhate hain-kii valachian valachia, moldavia, transylvania, hangri, macedonia aur thessaly mein rahate hain. lekhakon ney yeh bhee ullekh kiya haye kii jaba unase poochha gayaa kii way kyaa hain tou valakian "eo summ romnu" (main roman huun) kaa jawab dete hain.
grater romenia key bheetar besarabia (1918-1940).
1918 mein, safatul terry ney romenia key raajya key saath besarabia key sangh key liye matdan kiya. usa samay, roman senaa pahale seey hii besarabia mein maujood thee. americi itihaaskaar charles upson clark ney nott kiya kii kaee besarabian mantriyon, codrian, pelivan aur sekara aur russie commander-inn-cheef scherbachev ney vyavastha banaae rakhane key liye isake hastakshep key liye kahaa thaa. unhone yeh bhee ullekh kiya kii roman senaa key aagaman key baad "russie krantikariyon koo chhodkar besarabia mein sabhi vargon ney raahat kii saans lii. haalaanki, vaha kahate hain kii shuruat mein, hastakshep ney "una logon key beach bahut narajgi paida curr dee thee joe abhee bhee russie sanghiya ganarajya key bheetar ack besarabian raajya kii ummeed seey chipke hue they" jaise kii aayan inculay, safatul reeree key rashtrapati aur pradhaan mantri pantellimon erhan jinhone shuru mein ack grih yuddh seey bachane key liye roman sainikon kii sheeghra vaapsee kii maang kii thee. haalaanki, baad mein inculay ney roman general ernest brostenu kaa swaagat kiya, joe hastakshep key prabhaari they, safatul terry mein ack aupchaarik swaagat key liye.
jatil paristhitiyon koo dekhate hue, christina petruscu aur americi itihaaskaar charles king jaise kuchh vidvaanon ney romania key saath sangh key paksh mein besarabian vote koo vivadaspad maanaa. isake vipareet, itihaaskaar sorin alexandrescu kaa maanana haye kii roman senaa kii upasthiti "ekikaran kaa kaaran naheen bunny...] lekin kewal ise samekit kiya.
. isi tarah, bernard neuman, jinhone poore grater romenia mein bike seey yatra kii, ney daavaa kiya kii isamen koee sandeh naheen haye kii vote besarabia mein prachalit ichcha kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye aur ekikaran kii or leey jaane vaali ghatnaaon seey sanket milata haye kii "jabti" kaa koee sawal hii naheen thaa, lekin isake logon kii or seey ack swaichhik kaary thaa. haalaanki, usa samay key romenia key pradhaan mantri, alekjendar marghiloman koo yeh sweekaar karna thaa kii ekikaran kaa nirnay romenia mein kiya gayaa thaa, kyonki daniel siuguranu aur aayan inculate koo ack sambhaavit kranti kaa darr thaa, joe ack spasht vilay kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye, roman shasson key vyaapak avishvaas aur sudhaarvaadi moldavian, alpsankhyakon aur sthaaniya kisaanon dwara vilay key virodh koo dekhate hue.
emmanuel dee marton key havaale seey, itihaaskaar irina livezieu ney ullekh kiya haye kii sangh key samay key aspas, besarabian kisan "abhee bhee khud koo moldovan kahate they. vaha 1915 seey austriyai shaasit bukovina mein isi tarah kii ack poorv ghatana key baare mein aayan nistor key spashteekaran koo jodati haye, jahaan kisan khud koo moldovan kahate they, lekin "[roman] saahityik bhasha key prabhaav mein, 'moldovan' shabd koo taba 'romanian' dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jabaki" besarabia mein yeh prabhaav abhee taka naheen aaya haye "
ekikaran key baad, usa avadhi key kuchh francisi aur roman sainya reports mein nae roman prashaasan key prati, kabhi-kabhi moldovanon key saath, besarabian jaatiya alpsankhyakon kii maunata yaa shatruta kaa ullekh kiya gayaa thaa. livezieu ney yeh bhee nott kiya kii shuruat mein, russie shasson key tahat shikshit moldovan shahari abhijaat varg mukhya roop seey russie bolata thaa, aur romenia koo "asabhya" aur apane abhijaat varg kii sanskriti key roop mein tuchchh maanata thaa, jisake baare mein vaha bahut cumm jaanata thaa. moldova mein roman pehchaan koo badhaava dene kaa abhiyaan asafal rhaa, aur moldova mein slavic aur gaugauz alpsankhyakon key beach tanaav paida hoe gayaa. moldovan aabaadi kaa pratirodh itna badaa thaa kii roman adhikaariyon ney 1918 aur 1928 key beach moldova mein nagrik adhikaaron koo pratibandhit karate hue, kaanoon pravartan koo atirikt shakti dete hue aur kshetra mein tritiyak upasthiti banaae rakhate hue "gherabandi kii sthiti" sthaapit kii. usa avadhi mein roman shasson key khilaf teen badey vidroh hue-pahala 1919 mein hottin key paas aur doosara 1919 mein tighina mein, aur 1924 mein bugack mein teesara vidroh.
adhik romania key anya kshetron kii tulanaa mein isake saapeksh avikasit honey key saath-saath iss praant mein kuchh nae roman prashaasan kii cumm kshamata aur bhrashtachar key kaaran, "besarabian kisaanon koo romanon mein badalane" kii prakriya anya kshetron kii tulanaa mein cumm safal rahee aur jald hii soviyat kabje seey baadhit honey vaali thee. christina petruscu sochati hain kii zaarvaadi prakaar key sthaaniya prashaasan key beach kendrikrit roman prashaasan mein sankraman ney kaee moldovanon koo alag curr diyaa, aur unamen seey kaee ney mahsoos kiya kii way "apane kathit bhaaiyon" key saath ekjut honey key bajaay vyast they. balletti county key gaanvon key besarabians key ack samooh dwara bataai gaee kahaaniyon key aadhar parr, jinhone vishesh roop seey, soviyat shasson key tahat rahane key bajaay romenia jaane kaa vikalp chunaa, christina petrescu kaa sujhaav haye kii besarabia mahaan romenia kaa ekmatra kshetra prateet hotaa haye jahaan kendriya adhikaari "apane swayam key saha-siddhant koo ekikrit karane mein" safal naheen hue, jinamen seey adhikansh "kshetriya aur sthaaniya sambandhon key prati apani nishtha seey parey jaate hue khud koo romani rashtra kaa hissa bhee naheen maanate they.
soviyat sangh key bheetar besarabia (1940-1941; 1944-1991).
1940 mein, roman sarkaar koo bheje gaye ack ultimatum key baad, uttari bukovina key saath besarabia koo ussr mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. soviyat adhikaariyon ney moldovan aur romanon key beach antar parr jore dene key liye kaee kadam uthaaye, kaee baar paine-romanian samarthakon key bhautik unmoolan kaa upayog karate hue, jinhen "logon kaa dushman" maanaa jaataa haye. unhein unake "poonjiwadi raashtravaad" key liye aine. key. vee. dee. aur key. jee. bee. dwara dabaa diyaa gayaa thaa. soviyat prachaar ney ussr mein bolly jaane vaali roman bhasha kii kismon key liye ack alag sthiti hassil karane kii bhee maang kii. iss prakaar, isane russie varnamala seey praapt ack cyrillic lipi kaa upayog lagu kiya, aur "roman bhasha" naam key upayog koo pratibandhit karate hue "moldov bhasha" naam key vishesh upayog koo badhaava diyaa. kathor romanian virodhi soviyat neeti ney moldovans kii pehchaan parr ack nishan chhoda.
lattin varnamala mein vaapas jaane key liye kaee anurodh they, jise moldov ssr mein "bhasha key romans mool key liye adhik upayukt" key roop mein dekhaa gayaa thaa. 1965 mein, soviyat moldavia key lekhakon kii teesari congress kii maangon koo communist party key netritva dwara khariz curr diyaa gayaa thaa, pratisthaapan koo "moldavian logon key hiton key vipareet maanaa jaa rhaa thaa aur isaki aakaankshaon aur aashaon koo pratibimbit naheen curr rhaa thaa.
halanki moldavian soviyat samajwadi ganarajya kii aadhikarik varnamala key roop mein sthaapit, 1988 aur 1989 mein cheejen badalane lageen jaba soviyat sangh ney khulasa karna shuru kiya. 27 agast, 1989 koo, moldova (aff. pee. aim.) key lokpriya morche ney chininu mein ack saamoohik pradarshan kaa ayojan kiya, jise mahaan rashtriya sabhaa key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa, jisane moldwian soviyat samajwadi ganarajya key adhikaariyon parr 31 agast, 1989 koo ack bhasha kaanoon koo apanaane key liye dabaav daala, jisane lattin lipi mein likhi gaee moldov bhasha koo aim. aiss. aiss. aar. kii raajya bhasha ghoshit kiya. roman bhasha key saath isaki pehchaan bhee sthaapit kii gaee thee. 31 agast taba seey rashtriya bhasha divas rhaa haye.
haalaanki, moldov cyrillic varnamala abhee bhee aadhikarik haye aur iss bhasha key liye russie-samarthit transnistria mein ekmatra sweekrit varnamala haye.

