
nunga court

nunga adalat, jise adiwasi sajaa adalat key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, dakshin australia mein adiwasi logon koo sajaa dene key liye ack prakaar kii visheshagya samudayik adalat haye. aisee adaalaten poore raajya mein kaee sthaanon parr maujood hain, joe ack aparaadh key liye doshi thaharaane vaale paatr adiwasi aur torres strait eyelander apraadhiyon key liye sajaa key vikalp key roop mein hain. 
dakshin australiyai model 1999 mein australia mein sanchaalan shuru karane vaalaa apane prakaar kaa pahala adalat thaa, aur anya raajyon ney taba seey mool adalaton kii apani pranaliyon koo banaane key liye model kaa upayog kiya haye. nunga adalat magistrate adalat key bheetar kaam karati haye, lekin cumm aupchaarik prakriyaon kaa upayog karke aur samudaay seey input key saath, ack sajaa parr nirnay lene key liye ack adhik saanskritik roop seey upayukt vidhi banaane key liye ack sajaa sammelan kaa vikalp pradaan karati haye. anya sevaaon key liye nirdesh aparaadhi key punarvaas key hisse key roop mein shamil kiye jaa sakate hain.
itihas.
1990 key dashak key dauran, jaba seey 1991 mein shaahi aayog ney abhiraksha mein adiwasi mauton key baare mein jagrukta badhaai thee, kii adalat pranali poore australia mein adiwasi logon koo whiffle curr rahee thee, aur iss nuksan key kaaran swadeshi kaid kii uchch darr paida hui thee.
australia mein iss tarah kii sabse purani adalat, pahali nunga adalat ney 1 juuna 1999 koo port adelide mein ack pilot visheshagya adalat key roop mein sanchaalan shuru kiya, jise magistrate criss vaas dwara shuru kiya gayaa thaa. way nyaayik adiwasi saanskritik jagrukta karyakram key sadasya they, aur port adelide magistrate adalat aur sambaddh circuit adalaton key kshetriya prabandhak they, jinamen anangu pitjantjara yankunitzara (apvy lands) mein kaam karane vaale bhee shamil they. adiwasi vyaktiyon aur samudayik samoohon, raajya sarkaar kii agencies, adiwasi kanuni adhikaar andolan, pulis abhiyojakon aur vakeelon key saath varshon kii charcha key baad, yeh spasht thaa kii adiwasi logon koo nyaay pranali parr avishvaas thaa, aur ise samajhana mushkil thaa, isaliye unhone pilot visheshagya adalat kii rachana kii. nunga adiwasi logon key liye ack sthaaniya shabd haye, joe baad mein aadhikarik naam kaa hissa bunn gayaa.
shuruat mein koee dhana naheen thaa, lekin 1999 mein dou adiwasi nyaay adhikaariyon (ajos) key liye dhana pradaan kiya gayaa thaa. aage kii adaalaten 2001 mein murre brij mein sthaapit kii gaeen; port augusta (julaai 2001 mein "vishesh adiwasi adalat", aur maee 2003 mein "yuva adiwasi adalat"); aur julaai 2003 mein seduna ("adiwasi adalat") mein.
prakriya koo niyantrit karane vaale poorv kaanoon, "aaparaadhik kaanoon (sajaa) adhiniyam 1988" (sa), koo 2005 mein magistrate adalaton mein pahale seey hii adiwasi adalat divas key maujooda abhyaas koo vidhaayi samarthan pradaan karane key liye sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa. sajaa adhiniyam 2017", jisane pahale key kaanoon koo hataa diyaa, mein praavdhaan shamil they.
dakshin australiyai model ney anya raajyon mein adiwasi adalaton kii sthaapana koo prabhaavit kiya, jaise kii sheparton, victoria mein coorie adalat aur brisbane, queensland mein murri adalat.
prishthabhoomi.
ack nunga adalat kaa uddeshya saanskritik baadhaon koo paatane mein madad karna aur jaba unhone koee aparaadh kiya haye tou adiwasi prativaadiyon koo kaanoon, adalat key abhyaas aur prakriya kii samajh mein sahaayata karna haye. adalat aur adiwasi samudaayon key beach sambandh banaae jaa sakate hain, joe aparaadh koo cumm karane mein madad kartaa haye, aur prativaadiyon koo upayukt chikitsa, mansik swaasthya aur anya punarvaas sevaaon key liye sandarbhit karke unhein behtar parinam pradaan kartaa haye. 
iska uddeshya paaramparik adalaton kii tulanaa mein behtar parinam praapt karna haye, lekin maujooda dhaanche key bheetar kaam kartaa haye.
dakshin australia key aparaadh saankhyiki aur anusandhaan karyalaya dwara 2004 key ack soochana bulletin key anusaar, ack adiwasi adalat key uddeshyon mein anya key beach shamil hainh
operation.
"adiwasi adalat kaa dinn", urf nunga adalat yaa adiwasi sajaa dene vaali adalat, port adelide, murre brij, port augusta, mount gambier, port linken aur seduna mein magistrate adalaton mein upalabdh haye.
sajaa adhiniyam 2017" (sa) mein adiwasi aur torus strait eyelander logon key liye ack vaikalpik sajaa sammelan kaa praavdhaan shamil haye, jise ack adiwasi aur torus strait eyelander nyaay adhikaari (adiwasi nyaay adhikaari) dwara sahaayata pradaan kii jaati haye, joe unaki paatrata bhee nirdhaarit kartaa haye. dhaara 22 mein, adhiniyam praavdhaanon koo rekhaankit kartaa haih
nunga adalaton mein, ack magistrate koo ack adiwasi bujurg yaa adiwasi nyaay adhikaari dwara salah dee jaati haye yaa unaki madad kii jaati haye. iss adalat mein, abhiyojan paksh pahale prativaadi key khilaf mamle kii ruprekha taiyar kartaa haye, jise phir bolane kaa mauka milata haye aur phir swadeshi samudaay key sadasya bhee boll sakate hain. badon key paas adalat dwara pratyaayojit koee adhikaar naheen haye, lekin way sajaa sunaane key vikalpon parr salah dey sakate hain, taaki yeh sunishchit kiya jaa sakey kii way saanskritik roop seey upayukt hain.
nunga adalat mein adalat kii prakriya mein adiwasi samudaay key logon, vishesh roop seey bujurgon yaa samudaay key anya sammaanit logon kii bhagidari koo sajaa dene kii prakriya mein shamil kiya jaataa haye. anya adiwasi adalaton kii tarah, nunga adalat ack sajaa sunaane vaali adalat haye, joe kewal una prativaadiyon seey nipatati haye joe doshi thaharaate hain, aur aam taur parr kewal adiwasi aur torus strait eyelander logon (kuchh apvaadon key saath) taka hii seemit haye. adalaton mein aaparaadhik kaanoon koo barkarar rakhaa jaataa haye, naa kii australiyai mool nivasi prathaagat kaanoon koo. paatr vyaktiyon key liye bhagidari vaikalpik haye.
sajaa dene vaale sammelan mein, sabhi pratibhaagi, jinamen parivaar aur samudaay key sadasya key saath-saath peedit bhee shamil hoe sakate hain, ack hii star parr baithate hain. bujurg, sammaanit vyakti aur ajo saanskritik yaa samudayik muddon key sambandh mein magistrate koo praasangik salah pradaan karate hain. (iss sandarbh mein, bujurgon kii ayu 60 + varsh haye, aur sammaanit vyakti 40-60 varsh key hain.
samudayik adaalaten.
nunga adaalaten adelide aur elizabeth magistrate adalaton mein samudayik adalaton seey alag hain, jahaan upchaar karyakram ack adiwasi sajaa prakriya mein shamil hain. adiwasi samudayik adaalaten adiwasi prativaadiyon koo hirasat key vikalp key roop mein ack hastakshep karyakram shuru karane kaa praavdhaan karati hain, vishesh roop seey una adiwasi prativaadiyon key liye joe mansik swaasthya yaa maadak dravyon key durupyog key muddon seey peedit hain. aisee dou samudayik adaalaten hainh
donon adaalaten masik roop seey bujurgon key saath milati hain, aur prativaadi, joe ack kesworker dwara samarthit hain, unhein una muddon koo sambodhit karane key liye upchaar mein shamil honey key liye sahmat honah chaahiye joe unhein kanuni pranali key saath sangharsh mein laae hain.
anya.
adalat prashaasan pradhikaran adalaton koo swadeshi logon key liye saanskritik roop seey adhik upayukt banaane mein madad karane key liye anya upaayon koo niyojit kartaa haye. chhah adiwasi nyaay adhikaari aur dou yuva adiwasi nyaay adhikaari hain joe kaee sthaanon aur adalaton mein kaam karate hain, aur raajya mein sabhi aaparaadhik kshetradhikaron mein adiwasi sajaa sammelan upalabdh hain.