
maanak motor company

maanak motor company limitted ack motor vaahan nirmaata thee, jisaki sthaapana 1903 mein reginald walter maudsale dwara ingland key coventory mein kii gaee thee. kaee varshon taka, isane apane agragami injan dwara sanchaalit fergueson tii20 tractors kaa nirmaan kiya. 1959 mein sabhi maanak kii tractor parisampattiyon koo massie fergueson koo betch diyaa gayaa thaa. 1945 mein maanak ney vijay praapt kii aur 1959 mein aadhikarik taur parr apana naam badalkar maanak-vijay antarrashtriya curr diyaa aur apane sabhi utpaadon parr vijay brand naam dalna shuru curr diyaa. ack naee sahayak company ney maanak motor company limitted kaa naam liya aur samooh key utpaadon key nirmaan koo apane haath mein leey liya.
maanak naam kaa upayog aakhiri baar 1963 mein britten mein aur 1988 mein bhaarat mein kiya gayaa thaa.
itihas.
1903-14.
prakhyaat engineer heinry maudsale key prapautra maudsale ney ack sivil engineer key roop mein surr johnn wolf-bairi key tahat prashikshan liya thaa. 1902 mein way samudri aantarik dahan injan banaane key liye apani maudsale motor company mein apane chachere bhaai siril charles maudsale key saath shamil hue. samudri injanon kii bikri bahut achchi naheen hui, aur phir bhee 1902 mein unhone apana pahala injan ack kaar key liye banaaya. ise chain-drive chessis mein lagaaya gayaa thaa. alekjendar kregg dwara design kiya gayaa teen-cylinder injan ack unnat ikai thee jisamen ekal overhead camshaft aur dabaav snehan thaa.
ghode key binaa gaadi kii vishal kshamata kaa ehsas karna aur surr johnn wolf-bairi, aar. seey £3,000 key upahaar kaa upayog karna. doubleu. maudsale ney apane chachere bhaai koo chhod diyaa aur apane hisab seey ack motor nirmaata bunn gaye. unaki maanak motor company 2 march 1903 koo nigamit kii gaee thee aur unhone bahut park street, saha-kaary mein ack dou manjila imarat mein ack chhote seey karkhane mein apana vyavasaay sthaapit kiya. aantarik dahan injan design seey parichit honey key liye kaee swaamitva vaale injanon kii jaanch karane key baad unhone pahali kaar koo ikattha karane key liye saat logon koo niyukt kiya, joe teen-gati gearbox key saath ack-cylinder injan dwara sanchaalit thaa aur peechhe key pahiyon parr shaft drive thaa. 1903 key anta taka teen kaaron kaa nirmaan kiya jaa chuka thaa aur shram bull koo badhaakar panchish curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1904 key dauran shram bull mein vriddhi key kaaran harr teen saptah mein ack kaar kaa utpaadan huaa.
ekal-cylinder model koo jald hii dou-cylinder model dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa, jisake baad jaldi hii teen-aur chaar-cylinder sanskaran aur 1905 mein pahale chhah sanskaranon koo pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. yahaan taka kii pahali kaaron mein bhee chain key vipareet shaft drive kaa daavaa kiya gayaa thaa, aur injan naa kewal "varg" they, balki 3 "stroke key saath 6" vyaas key piston they. poori chessis kii aapoorti key saath-saath, company koo anya kaaron mein fitt karane key liye ack achchha bajar bikri injan milaa, vishesh roop seey jahaan malik adhik bijli chaahata thaa. halanki alex kregg, ack scotish engineer, adhikansh vistrit kaam karane key liye lagey hue they, lekin maudsale swayam praarambhik leout key adhikansh hisse koo karane key liye paryaapt aashvast they. kahaa jaataa haye kii "maanak" naam kii kaee vyutpattiyon mein seey ack maudsale aur kregg key beach charcha seey utpann hui haye, jisake dauran baad vaale ney laagat key aadhar parr ack design mein kaee badlaavon kaa prastaav rakhaa, jise maudsale ney yeh kahate hue khariz curr diyaa kii vaha sarvottam sambhav "maanak" banaae rakhane key liye dridh thaa.
1905 mein maudsale ney khud ack daud mein pratispardha karane vaali pahali maanak kaar chalaai. yeh races paryatak trophy thee jisamen unhone 42 shuruat karane vaalon mein seey 11 vein sthaan parr rahkar lagaatar daud lagaai. 1905 mein pahala niryaat adesh bhee ack kanadai seey praapt huaa thaa, joe vyaktigat roop seey karkhane mein aaya thaa. sthaaniya samachar patra mein adesh kii soochana kuchh jore dene key saath dee gaee thee, "saha-vyaapaar firm videshi baajaron key liye saahasik bolly lagaati haye.
company ney 1905 mein chrystal palace mein landan motor show mein pradarshan kiya, jisamen landan key ack dealer, charles (baad mein surr charles) friswell 1872-1926 poore karkhane key utpaadan koo khareedane key liye sahmat hue. way maanak mein shamil hoe gaye aur baad mein kaee varshon taka prabandh nideshak rahey.
1906 key anta mein utpaadan koo badey parisaron mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa aur utpaadan 6-cylinder model parr kendrit thaa. 16/20 h.pee. side-entrance boddy vaale tourer kii keemat 450 pound thee. yeh iss tathya seey kitna praapt kiya jaa sakata haye kii ack draftman prati saptah 3 pound kamaata haye. 1907 mein friswell company key adhyaksh baney. unhone isaki chhavi koo badhaane key liye kadee mehnat kii, aur isake parinamswarup maang mein vriddhi key kaaran nakadi kii laine, saha-vyaapaar mein ack badee ekal manjila imarat kaa adhigrahan aavashyak hoe gayaa. yahaan taka kii yeh taba bhee aparyaapt thaa jaba landan mein 1909 key shaahi press sammelan mein bhaag lene vaale rashtramandal sampadakon key upayog key liye 20 kaaron, 16/20 tourers key bede kii aapoorti kii gaee thee. 1909 mein company ney pahali baar prasiddh union flagg baij kaa upayog kiya, joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad taka radiator prateek kii ack visheshta thee. 1911 taka vaahanon kii shrinkhala vyaapak thee, jisamen 8-horse power model kaa utpaadan matra mein kiya jaa rhaa thaa, jabaki dou 70 hp kaaron key liye ack vishesh order ack hii samay mein ack scotish karodpati key liye nishpaadit kiya gayaa thaa. friswell key prabhaav kii parinati 1911 key dilli darbar mein raajaa george pancham aur unake dall key liye bhaarat key vaaysaraay sahit sattar 4-cylinder 16 hp kaaron kii aapoorti karane mein hui. 1912 mein friswell ney maanak mein apani ruchi see koo betch dee. jey. baind aur vijay motor saikil company (joe vijay motor company bunn gaee) key sansthaapak sigfried betman. usee varsh key dauran pahale vaanijyik vaahan kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa, aur 4-cylinder model koo £195 mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa, jise badey paimaane parr utpaadan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa. pratham vishva yuddh key shuru honey seey pahale 1,600 kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa thaa, jinamen seey 50 kaar utpaadan key antim saptah mein they. inn kaaron koo teen saal kii guaranti key saath becha gayaa thaa. 1914 mein maanak ack saarvajanik company bunn gaee.
pratham vishva yuddh.
pratham vishva yuddh key dauran company ney 1,000 seey adhik vimaanon kaa utpaadan kiya, jisamen shaahi vimaan karkhana bee shamil thaa.ee. 12, shaahi vimaan karkhana aar.ee. 8,1 julaai 1916 koo khole gaye canley mein ack nae kaam mein pilla aur bristol f.2-b key saath soping. canley baad mein sanchaalan kaa mukhya kendra bunn gayaa. utpaadit anya yuddh samagri mein gole, shaahi engineeron key liye mobile karyashalaen aur khaai mortar shamil they.
1919-39.
1919 mein yuddh-poorv designs parr adharit models key saath nagrik kaar utpaadan phir seey shuru kiya gayaa thaa, udaaharan key liye 9.5 model koo model aiss. ell. aiss. key roop mein phir seey pesh kiya gayaa thaa, halanki ise jald hii 8 ghante seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa.pee. model.
1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein pahali baar sailoon boddy kii peshkash kii gaee thee; pahale sabhi kaaren tourer theen. bishopgate green mein jaane key baad seey, nikaayon koo company dwara swayam saha-kaary mein banaaya gayaa thaa, lekin 1922 taka hii unakaa badey paimaane parr utpaadan naheen kiya gayaa thaa, ack lakadi key track kaa upayog karke jisake saath unhein haath seey dhakel diyaa gayaa thaa. company koo canley mein aadhunik karkhane parr nyaaysangat roop seey garv thaa, apane vigyapanon mein daavaa karate hue "yeh ack sunder roshni aur achchi tarah seey havaa vaalaa karkhana haye joe shahar key shore aur dhuein seey door ack havaa key kinare parr khadaa haye, kii parishkaran sparsh aur pareekshan sabhi british 'maanak' halki kaaron koo diyaa jaataa haye joe duniya mein lagbhag harr timahi mein vahaan jaari hoti hain.
1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein isi samay harr vigyaapan parr "unhein sadak parr ginein" kaa naaraa lagaa. 1924 taka austin motor company kii tulanaa mein company key paas bajar mein hissedari thee, jisane 1924 mein 10,000 seey adhik kaaren banaain. jaise-jaise yuddh key turant baad kii teji cumm hui, kaee pratidvandi maark bund curr diye gaye. kaaren lagaatar badee aur adhik vistrit hoti gaeen kyonki nirmaataon ney bikri banaae rakhane kii koshish kii. 1920 key dashak key dauran sabhi models kaa naam naa kewal canley aur kenilworth jaise karkhane key paas balki aage key kshetron-tagmouth, falmouth aur exmouth key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.
1920 key dashak key anta taka badey punarnivesh, ack whiffle niryaat anubandh aur badee kaaron kii kharaab bikri key kaaran laabh mein naatakiya roop seey kamee aaee thee. 1927 mein badee aur vistrit pravritti key milan kii asweekaryata spasht hoe gaee aur kapade key shareer key saath 9 hp phulham koo 185 pound mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa. utpaadan mukhya roop seey 9 hp injan key saath ack buniyaadi chessis parr kendrit thaa. mankikaran key mahatva kii abb sarahana kii gaee aur kewal ack vikalp kii peshkash kii gaee. 1929 mein hillman key sanyukt prabandh nideshak johnn black ney sanyukt prabandh nideshak key roop mein maanak parr niyukti kii.
maanak nigal aur jaguar.
black ney avon aur swello coachbuilding aur genson jaise baahari coach builders koo chessis kii aapoorti koo protsaahit kiya. 1930 key dashak kii shuruat mein avon kii coach nirmaan company ney ack vishisht roop seey sporty upasthiti key saath kaaron kaa utpaadan shuru kiya, ack neenv key roop mein upayog karate hue, maanak motor company seey ack poorna chessis. yeye chessis sadharan utpaadan ikaaiyaan theen, jinka upayog unake dhwani engineering design aur achche pradarshan key kaaran kiya jaataa thaa. avon maanak vishesh key roop mein jaane jaane vaale way ack chuninda bajar key liye taiyar karate they joe maanak key liye bahut chhota thaa. 
topkhaane key pahiyon koo spoke pahiyon dwara badalane key baad 1930 taka yeh naheen thaa kii 1906 mein 6-cylinder model parr pahali baar upayog kiye gaye vishisht radiator aakar koo antatah chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. 1930 mein, sabse kharaab avasaad seey pahale, bigg nine koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa, joe 6-cylinder dhwaj aur doot key saath milkar poori seema kaa gathan kartaa thaa. yahaan mankikaran koo ack kadam aage badhaaya gayaa thaa jisamen 9 hp chaar-cylinder aur 15 hp chhah-cylinder parr boddy bonnet kii lambai koo chhodkar lagbhag aprabhedya thee. bigg nine key baad jald hii bigg baarah aaya aur 1931 key dusare chhah maheenon key liye bikri poore pichhale varsh kii tulanaa mein adhik hoe gaee. 1932 mein duke off glocester dwara canley works kaa shaahi daura kiya gayaa thaa joe canley mandap kholane aae they, jisake baahar unhone ack nae 6-cylinder model kii delivery lii thee.
sansthaapak aur adhyaksh reginald maudsale 1934 mein sevaanivritt hue aur isake turant baad 14 disambar 1934 koo 64 varsh kii ayu mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. charles james baind 1883-1961, ack saha-pravishti vakeel aur 1920 seey ack maanak nideshak, ney unhein adhyaksh key roop mein pratisthaapit kiya aur 1954 kii shuruat taka usa kshamata mein kaary kiya, halanki surr johnn black ney sevaanivritt honey seey pahale kuchh samay key liye niyukti kii. 1935 mein sabhi utpaadan koo canley sthal parr sthanantarit kiya gayaa. vyaapak punargathan huaa jisamen pent kii dukaan mein ack nirantar track bichhaaya jaa rhaa thaa jiss parr kaaron koo poori tarah seey chitrit kiya gayaa thaa.
1930 key dashak key dauran, nae models key saath bhaagya mein sudhaar huaa, maanak nau aur maanak duss ney nimn seey madhya shreni key bajar koo sambodhit kiya. 1935 key motor show mein (ardh) suvyavasthit nikaayon key saath udaan manakon kii naee shrinkhala kii ghoshana kii gaee thee. udaan maanak 1936 mein bajar mein aae, jisamen unake vishisht suvyavasthit dhalaan vaale peechhe kii or nau, baarah, solah aur bees kii maujooda seema koo vastutah pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. udaan maanak tathaakathit they kyonki pramukh radiator shale ack "jalprapaat" grill mein badal jaataa haye jisake oopar union jack baij hotaa haye joe spasht roop seey apani pichhali aage kii sthiti key vipareet peechhe kii or bahata haye. 
1938 mein flatchampstead mein ack nayaa karkhana khola gayaa. usa varsh, maanak ney flying aathh koo launch kiya. flying aathh mein flying nine kii tulanaa mein chhota ack nayaa chaar-cylinder injan thaa, aur swatantra front suspension key saath pahala british badey paimaane parr utpaadit halka sailoon thaa. 1938 mein udaan bharane vaale duss aur udaan bharane vaale baarah koo swatantra front suspension key saath naee chessis bhee dee gaee thee.
banner laine mein airo injan sanyantra, ack chhaaya karkhana, kaa nirmaan 1939 key madhya mein shuru huaa aur utpaadan 1940 mein shuru huaa. ise vayu mantralaya key liye maanak dwara prabandhit kiya gayaa thaa. yuddh maanak patte parr dee gaee banner laine key baad, hairi fergueson key saath saajhedaari mein, iska upayog fergueson tractors key nirmaan key liye kiya gayaa.
yuddh kii shuruat taka, maanak kaa vaarshik utpaadan lagbhag 50,000 ikaaiyaan thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
company ney dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran apani kaaron kaa utpaadan jaari rakhaa, lekin abb mukhya roop seey upayogita nikaayon ("tills") seey susajjit haye. haalaanki, sabse prasiddh yuddh-samay utpaad dee havilland machchar vimaan thaa, mukhya roop seey aff. bee. vee. aaee. sanskaran, jisamen seey 1100 seey adhik banaae gaye they. 750 airspeed oxford key saath-saath 20,000 bristol paaraa VIII injan aur 3,000 bristol beaufiter fuselays bhee banaae gaye they.
yuddh key samay key anya utpaadon mein 4000 beaverate halki bakhtarband kaaren aur ack prototype halki "jeep" prakaar kaa vaahan shamil thaa.
yuddh key baad key varsh.
shaanti key saath, yuddh seey pahale key aathh aur baarah mein 1776 cc injan key saath 14 hp kaaron key roop mein beche gaye they, joe 1939 seey saavdhaanipoorvak sangraheet upkaranon kaa upayog karke utpaadan mein vaapas aaa gaye they. adhik mahatva kii 1945 kii khareed thee, jise surr johnn black dwara 75,000 pound mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa, joe kii vijayi motor company thee. vijay 1939 mein praapt karane mein chully gaee thee, aur abb ise maanak kii poorna swaamitva vaali sahayak company key roop mein sudhaar kiya gayaa thaa, jiska naam vijay motor company (1945) limitted thaa. vijay karkhana shahar key kendra key paas thaa aur blitz mein poori tarah seey nasht hoe gayaa thaa. chhote fergusson company key tractor key nirmaan key liye ack aakarshak sauda bhee kiya gayaa thaa. iss vyavastha koo mukhya roop seey ashweton dwara naee kaar key vikas key liye dhana jutaane key liye badhe hue laabh koo surakshit karane key saadhan key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa.
fergueson tractor.
disambar 1945 mein standard motor company limitted ney ghoshana kii kii hairi fergueson key tractors key nirmaan kii vyavastha kii gaee haye aur yuddh key dauran maanak dwara sanchaalit banner laine saha-pravishti mein vayu mantralaya key chhaaya karkhane kaa upayog pariyojana key liye kiya jaayega. yeye tractor purvi golardh key liye honge, paschimi golardh key liye america mein ford dwara nirmit fergueson tractor. utpaadan 1946 mein shuru honey kii ummeed thee. upkaranon koo alag seey fergueson dwara praapt kiya jaayega joe tractors aur upkaranon kaa vyaapaar bhee karega.
maanak agradoot.
maanak maark key liye ack-model neeti (kaee naee jeeton key saath) 1948 mein 2-leater maanak agradoot kii shuruat key saath apnai gaee thee, jise walter belgrove dwara americi lines parr shailibaddh kiya gayaa thaa, aur sabhi carrie-over yuddh-poorv model koo badal diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh upayukt roop seey naamit model kissy bhee pramukh british nirmaata kaa yuddh key baad kaa pahala vaastavik design thaa. beatle-back vanguard charan 1 koo 1953 mein notch-back charan 2 aur 1955 mein bilkul nae charan 3 dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, jisake parinamswarup khilaadi, dhwaj, vanguard vignal aur vanguard six jaise prakaar hue.
maanak aathh aur duss.
ack-model neeti 1953 taka chully, jaba ack naee maanak aathh chhoti kaar jodee gaee. ise bajar mein sabse sastaa chaar darvaajon vaalaa sailoon, 481.7.6 pound mein pesh kiya gayaa thaa, phir bhee isamen swatantra front suspension, hydrolic break aur ack kifayati oh kaa daavaa kiya gayaa thaa.aich.vee. injan. usee samay usee bhawan manakon key ack anya bhaag mein ack bahut hii alag injan kaa utpaadan kiya jaa rhaa thaa, rolls-royce avon jett airo injan jisamen seey 415 1951 aur 1955 key beach banaaya gayaa thaa. 1954 mein aathh koo thodaa adhik shaktishali maanak duss dwara poorak kiya gayaa thaa jisamen ack vyaapak crome grill shamil thaa.
injan.
charan II agradoot koo charan I kii tarah, 2088 cc 4-cylinder "wait sleeve" injan dwara sanchaalit kiya gayaa thaa, joe abb ack mamuli roop seey badhe hue sampeedan anupaat key saath, aur 68 hp kaa utpaadan kartaa haye. iss injan koo ack atirikt sevan pranali aur dou ekal-bairal solic carburator kaa upayog karke sanshodhit kiya jaa sakata haye, joe 90 hp kaa utpaadan karate hain. aam taur parr, charan II injan ack solanks carburator thaa, jisamen 85 mimi gunaa 93 mimi piston they. usa samay maanak motors ney sanyukt raajya america mein vitarit fergueson tractor koo inmein seey kaee injanon kii aapoorti kii.
maanak pennent.
duss key baad 1957 mein maanak pennent dwara bahut pramukh poonchh pankh kii visheshta thee, lekin anyatha 1953 key maanak aathh seey sanrachanaatmak roop seey bahut cumm parivartan kiya gayaa thaa. duss key liye ack vikalp, aur pennent key liye maanak fitment, gold starr injan thaa, joe maanak 948 cc ikai kii tulanaa mein adhik shakti aur tork key liye tune kiya gayaa thaa. ack anya tuning sett, jisamen ack alag camshaft aur twin carburator they, vikretaon seey upalabdh thaa. gearbox key liye ack overdrive key saath-saath, aathh, duss aur pennent key liye ack vikalp standrive thaa, ack ardh-manual sancharan joe swachaalit roop seey gerchange key dauran clutch koo sanchaalit kartaa thaa.
jeet tr2.
usee varsh key dauran jaba '8' pesh kiya gayaa thaa, landan motor show mein ack aur kaar pradarshit kii gaee thee. yeh 20 kii jeet thee, ack sanshodhit maanak '8' chessis aur ack agragami injan key saath ack dou-seater khel. 20 key saman sthaan kii kamee aur asantoshjanak pradarshan aur handling key parinamswarup utpaadan mein agale varsh taka deree hui jaba chessis aur drive train vikasit kii gaee aur shareer koo ack udaar boot koo shamil karane key liye phir seey design kiya gayaa. kaar koo 'maanak' key bajaay 'vijay' key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa aur vijay tr2 ack vijeta thaa. caine richardson ney belgium mein jabbeck rajmarg parr thodi sanshodhit kaar mein hassil kiya. prachaar key parinamswarup, morgan, advitiya, nigalane aur doretti sahit chhote nirmaataon ney maanak motor company seey injan aur anya ghatak khareede.
maanak atlus vaine.
1958 mein maanak atlus panel vaine aur pickup kaa pahali baar vipanan kiya gayaa thaa, ack cab-over-injan design. isane shuru mein maanak 10 seey 948 cc injan kaa upayog kiya, jisase parinami vaahan apane 6.66:1 antim drive anupaat key saath bhee buri tarah seey cumm shakti vaalaa hoe gayaa. 1961 mein, atlus mejar koo pesh kiya gayaa thaa, aur mool 948 cc atlus key saath becha gayaa thaa. yeh sanskaran maanak 1670 cc wait-liner injan dwara sanchaalit thaa, jaisa kii agrani kaaron aur fergueson tractor mein vibhinn kshamataon key saath upayog kiya jaataa thaa. isi injan kaa upayog trouer tra2, tra3 aur tra4 sports kaaron mein bhee kiya gayaa thaa. iss badey injan kaa upayog karane key liye, taxi key aantarik aur aage kii chessis kaa ack mahatvapurna punarvinyas aavashyak thaa. vaahan uchch maanak key they lekin pratispardhi moolya parr naheen they, jisake parinamswarup apekshaakrit cumm bikri hui. 1963 mein atlus mejar 2138 cc injan key saath ack nae lambe-wheelbase sanskaran key saath maanak 15 bunn gayaa, joe maanak 20 bunn gayaa. usa varsh baad mein, maanak naam koo leyland dwara hataa diyaa gayaa, aur inn models koo jaldbaji mein leyland 15 aur 20 key roop mein punah brand kiya gayaa. 1968 taka jaba britten mein utpaadan samaapt huaa, tou sabhi sanskaran 2138 cc injan dwara sanchaalit they aur leyland 20 key roop mein chihnit kiye gaye they. inn vaahanon koo kanada aur sambhavatah anya videshi baajaron mein niryaat key liye vijay key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa. britten mein utpaadan bund honey key baad vaine key upkaran kaa bhaarat mein niryaat bhee kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan parinami vaahan kaa utpaadan 1980 key dashak taka jaari rhaa.
vijay kaa udghoshak.
1950 key dashak key uttaraardh taka chhote maanak adhik aadhunik pratiyogi designs key kaaran britten key bajar mein khou rahey they, aur maanaa jaataa thaa kii vijay naam adhik vipanan yogya thaa; isaliye 1959 mein aathh, duss aur pennent key pratisthaapan koo vijay agradoot key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa; jisamen chhote manakon seey kiye gaye paryaapt yaantrik ghatak they. alag chessis aur swatantra rear suspension key bavjood, antar, hubb, break, injan aur gearbox sabhi antim maanak pennent key liye samanya they. herauld key nirmaan key liye company ney canley sanyantra mein ack nae assembly holl vistaar mein £ million kaa nivesh kiya, jise 1916 mein maanak ney hassil kiya thaa. teen manjila imarat key nirmaataon ney 250,000 tunn mitty aur chattan kii khudai kii. imarat key ander teen 1300 feat assembly laainen theen joe duniya key sabse aadhunik kaar assembly sanyantron mein seey ack honey key liye susajjit theen. yeh company kaa iss tarah key paimaane parr antim nivesh nikalaah rover key saath vilay key baad nivesh nirnay solihul mein nae sanyantra key paksh mein honge.
videshi paudhe.
australia, france, bhaarat aur dakshin africa mein videshi vinirmaan sanyantra khole gaye. kanada, ireland aur newzealand mein videshi assembly sanyantra khole gaye they.
surr johnn black.
31 agast 1954 koo samaapt varsh key dauran 73,000 kaaron aur 61,500 tractors kaa nirmaan aur bikri kii gaee aur unamen seey aadhe seey adhik kaa niryaat kiya gayaa. kyonki yuddh maanak ney lagbhag 418,000 kaaron aur 410,000 tractors kaa nirmaan aur bikri kii thee aur phir seey aadhe seey adhik kaa niryaat kiya gayaa thaa. 1929 mein standard key tatkalin beemar vyavasaay mein niyukt, 1930 seey nideshak aur mahaprabandhak aur 1934 mein prabandh nideshak niyukt urjaavaan surr johnn black ney ack gambhir motor kaar durghatana key baad usa varsh standard key adhyaksh aur prabandh nideshak key roop mein istifa dey diyaa. unhein (apani patni aur karibi doston key saath paramarsh key baad) adhyaksh aur prabandh nideshak key apane padon aur nideshak mandal kii apani sadasyata chhodane kii salah dee gaee thee. unake upa aur lambe samay taka niji sahayak rahey, elic dick 1916-1986 ney prabandh nideshak key roop mein apana pada sambhala. air marshel lord tedder koo adhyaksh niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, tedder 1960 key anta mein leyland motors key adhigrahan taka usa pada parr baney rahey. agast 1961 mein elic dick ney istifa dey diyaa jaba board koo leyland dwara paryaapt nuksan maanak koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue punargathit kiya gayaa thaa.
company ney nirantar vistaar koo saksham karane key liye bhagidaron parr vichaar karna shuru curr diyaa aur chrysler, massie-harris-fergueson, roots samooh, rover aur reynolt key saath baatchit shuru kii gaee lekin yeye anirnaayak they.
maanak kaa agragami injan.
aage key injan ney, baad mein thodaa badaa kiya, dou sailoon, ack tractor aur teen sports kaaron koo sanchaalit kiya
leyland motors.
maanak-triumph company koo antatah 1960 mein leyland motors dwara kharida gayaa thaa, jisane 20 million pound kaa bhugtan kiya thaa aur antim maanak, ack prateek delux, kaa utpaadan maee 1963 mein britten mein kiya gayaa thaa, jaba antim agradoot model koo vijay 2000 model dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. vijay taba jaari rahee jaba 1968 mein leyland british leyland motor corporation (baad mein bee. ell.) bunn gayaa. maanak brand 17 agast 1970 koo samaapt hoe gayaa jaba ack achaanak ghoshana mein kahaa gayaa kii abb seey company koo vijay motor company key roop mein jaanaa jaanaa thaa. taba seey europe mein maanak naam kaa upayog naheen kiya gayaa haye aur vijay yaa rover vijay bee. ell. sahayak ney 1980 mein sanyantra key bund honey taka saha-pravishti mein canley mein poorv maanak engineering aur utpaadan suvidhaon kaa upayog kiya.
bmw.
bmw ney 1994 mein bl key uttaradhikari rover samooh kii khareed key baad maanak aur vijayi brandon kaa adhigrahan kiya. jaba 2000 mein adhikansh rover becha gayaa thaa, tou bmw ney vijayi, mini aur rilly key saath maanak brand rakhaa. british motor viraasat key prabandhan ney 2001 mein bmw seey iss company kii prabandhan khareed parr maanak brand key adhikaar praapt kiye.
taata indica key ayaat key liye aim. jee. rover dwara maanak naam key sambhaavit punruddhar kii baat kii gaee thee. halanki, bmw dwara brand key swaamitva seey sambandhit karanon seey, kaar koo antatah rover cityrover key roop mein launch kiya gayaa.
bhaarat mein maanak.
1960 key dashak key dauran maanak naam britten seey gayab hoe gayaa thaa, lekin bhaarat mein dou aur dashakon taka jaari rhaa, jahaan bhaarat key maanak motor utpaadon ney 1960 key dashak key dauran 'maanak herauld' key roop mein baij kiye gaye aur mool 948 cc injan key saath vijay herauld kaa nirmaan kiya, jisamen varshon seey teji seey sthaaniya samagri aur design mein badalaav hue, antatah 1960 key dashak key anta taka vishesh roop seey bhaaratiya bajar key liye atirikt chaar-darwaaje aur paanch-darwaaje vaale estate model kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa.
1970 key baad, maanak motor utpaad british leyland key saath vibhajit hoe gaye, aur 1972 mein maanak gajel key roop mein jaane jaane vaale herauld parr adharit ack shaaririk roop seey punarnirmit chaar-darwaaje vaalaa sailoon pesh kiya, usee 948 cc injan kaa upayog karate hue lekin ack jeevit peechhe axel key saath, kyonki herauld kaa swing-axel bhaaratiya kharidaaron aur yantriki dwara samaan roop seey pasand naheen kiya gayaa thaa. kathit taur parr bhaarat kii pahali swadeshi kaar, gazal koo cumm sankhya mein banaaya gayaa thaa-yeh sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye kii usane apane nirmaata key licenses koo banaae rakhane key liye aisaa kiya-1977 taka. company ney poori tarah seey leyland 20 model key aadhar parr vaanijyik vaahanon key utpaadan parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, jise "maanak 20" key roop mein chihnit kiya gayaa thaa, maanak kaaron kaa utpaadan maanak 2000 taka bund hoe gayaa, 1985 mein ack rebaged rover sd 1 pesh kiya gayaa thaa. kaar adhik thee aur isamen thodaa sanshodhit purana 1991 cc maanak vanguard injan thaa, kyonki company iss kaar parr mool rover injan kaa upayog karane key liye licenses praapt naheen curr sakee thee. mahange aur puraane honey key kaaran yeh safal naheen huaa, isake alawa kii bhaarat mein japani aur anya naee, eendhan-kushal takneek key saath kaaron seey isaki pratispardha thee. isane 1988 mein utpaadan bund curr diyaa, chennai key paas perungalathur mein karkhane ney bhee usee samay apana sanchaalan bund curr diyaa, lagbhag usee samay jaba aiss. dee. 1 key antim udaharanon ney british shoroom chhod diye (utpaadan 1986 mein samaapt hoe gayaa thaa lekin stock lagbhag dou aur varshon taka chalaa). company koo punarjeevit karane key liye lagaatar varshon mein kamjor prayason key baad, 2006 mein parisar aur britten key rimmer broz kii nilami kii gaee. aiss. dee. 1 purjon kaa puuraa aprayukt stock kharida. yeh maanak maark key anta kaa bhee sanket detaa haye.