
alekjendar wetmere

nicolaus mairi alekjendre wattemare (peris mein 1796-1864), jinhen munch naam monsear alekjendre key tahat bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack francisi ventriloquist aur paropkari they jinhone pustakalayon aur sangrahalayon key beach vastuon key adaan-pradaan key liye pahali antarrashtriya pranali banaai thee.
ventriloquist key roop mein carrier.
saat saal kii umr key aspas, vatemare ney ventriloquism aur dhwaniyon kaa anukaran karane kii kshamata key liye ack pratibha kii khoj kii. unhone ack shalya chikitsak key roop mein prashikshan liya, lekin shalya chikitsa abhyaas key dauran shavon koo bolane key liye kahane key baad unhein diploma dene seey incar curr diyaa gayaa. 18 saal kii umr mein unhein lagbhag 300 seey 400 typhus seey peedit yuddh key russie kaidiyon kaa prabhaari banaaya gayaa thaa, aur 1814 mein, sainikon ney unhein berlin jaane key liye kahaa. berlin mein aarthik samasyaon kaa saamana karate hue, unhone munch naam monsear alekjendre key tahat pradarshan karate hue ack ventriloquist key roop mein paisa kamaane kaa faisala kiya. unakaa karyakal 1815 seey 1835 taka chalaa, jisake dauran unhone 550 seey adhik shaharon kaa daura kiya aur roose key zaar aur raani victoria sahit shaahi parivaar key samaksh pradarshan kiya. unake pradarshan mein ack nakali kaa upayog naheen kiya gayaa, balki isamen naatak prastut karane vaale wattemayer shamil they, jisamen unhone darjanon awazon seey judey sabhi paatron koo chitrit kiya thaa. wattemare ney apani khud kii haasya lipiyaan likhin, jinhen unhone french, german aur angreji mein prastut kiya. unhone apane ventriloquism key madhyam seey prashansa aur dhana praapt kiya, jabaki prasiddh lekhakon aur kalakaron key saath dosti kii, jinamen goethe, lamartin, pushkin aur surr walter scott shamil they.
paropkari gatividhiyaan aur saanskritik adaan-pradaan pranali.
ack ventriloquist key roop mein prasiddh aur dhanee banane key baad, wattemayer sevaanivritt hoe gaye aur agale 25 saal ack paropkari key roop mein muft saarvajanik pustakalayon aur sanskriti key saarvbhaumik prasaar koo badhaava dene mein bitaaye. apani yaatraon key dauran, unhone sikkon, tikaton aur autograph kaa ack ullekhaniya sangrah ekatra kiya thaa. unhone sangrahalayon aur pustakalayon kaa bhee daura kiya thaa, aur sangrah mein uchch star kii nakal dekhi thee. unhone pustakalayon aur sangrahalayon key beach vastuon key saanskritik adaan-pradaan kii ack naee pranali vikasit kii, jise unhone dashakon taka urjaavaan roop seey badhaava diyaa. unhone apani prastaavit saanskritik vinimay pranali koo badhaava dene key liye ack ventriloquist key roop mein apani prasiddhi kaa upayog kiya.
francisi vidhaayika dwara aswikar kiye jaane key baad, unhone apani pranali koo badhaava dene key liye 1839 aur 1847 mein sanyukt raajya kaa daura kiya. unake prastaavon koo france kii tulanaa mein sanyukt raajya america aur kanada mein behtar pratikriya millie. philadelphia shahar ney unhein samvidhaan kii ack hastaaksharit prati dee, aur unhone 13 raajyon aur kanada kii yatra kii. 1843 taka, unhone france mein "1,800 khand, 500 sikke, 250 nakkashi aur kaee khanij aur praakritik itihas key namoone" laae they. apani 1847 kii yatra mein, wattemare apane saath francisi abhilekhagar aur sikkon key 50 mamle laae. 1848 mein, yuu.aiss. congress ney unaki pariyojana kaa samarthan karane key liye unhein prati varsh 5,940 dollar kaa bhugtan karane parr sahamati vyakt kii.
unhone boston saarvajanik pustakalaya kii sthaapana koo prerit kiya. unhone sabse pahale boston key pramukh samajik pustakalayon key ekikaran aur mahapour josia quincy dwara niyukt iss vichaar kii jaanch key liye ack samiti kaa prastaav rakhaa. 1853 mein, boston saarvajanik pustakalaya sahit duniya bhar key 130 pustakalayon kii bhagidari key saath vinimay pranali kaa kaafee vistaar kiya gayaa thaa. unhone peris kaa americi pustakalaya banaaya, jisamen 1860 mein praarambhik sanyukt raajya america key 14,000 khand they. vatemare ney nae smithsonian sansthaan koo vastuon key kaee mamle daan kiye, jisane vatemare seey prerit saanskritik adaan-pradaan kii ack pranali sthaapit kii.
halanki wettemayer kii vinimay pranali mein paisa khatm hoe gayaa aur wettemayer kii mrityu key baad yeh dhwast hoe gaee, lekin wettemayer dwara aayojit antarrashtriya pustak adaan-pradaan ney hajaaron khandon kaa adaan-pradaan puuraa curr liya thaa. wattemayer koo sanyukt raajya america mein pustakalaya pranali key vistaar koo prerit karane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye, aur unaki vinimay pranali koo unesco sahit baad kii saanskritik vinimay pranaliyon kaa agradoot maanaa jaataa haye. waitemeyar pranali key madhyam seey adaan-pradaan kii gaee pustaken aur anya dastavej abhee bhee duniya bhar key pustakalayon mein paae jaa sakate hain, vishesh roop seey boston aur peris. una sangrhon mein aadhunik itihaskaron key liye bahut ruchi key kaee durlabh aur moolyavaan prakaashan shamil hain.
granth soochi.
yeh lekh 10 julaai 2007 key sanskaran mein praapt lekh key anuroop lekh parr bahut adhik aakarshit kartaa haye.

