
1902 turkey bhookamp

1902 key turkestan bhookamp (jise artux/artush aur kashgar bhookamp key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) ney kyrgyzstan seema key paas shinziang, chean koo tabah curr diyaa. yeh 22 agast, 1902 koo sthaaniya samayanusar lagbhag 8 baje yaa 9 baje tian shaan pahaadon key paas ack kendra key saath huaa. jore bhookamp koo kshan parimaan paimaane () parr 7.7 maapa gayaa aur isaki gaharaai mein shuru huaa. tian shaan parvat bhaaratiya-eurasian plate antahkriya key kaaran jatil abhisaran key kshetra mein sthit haye. yeh kshetra sakriya roop seey vikrit hoe rhaa haye-bhookamp gatividhi key liye jimmedaar sakriya thrust fault dwara samaayojit haye. mukhya jhataka pahale key varshon mein purvabhas kii ack teevra shrinkhala seey pahale thaa. isake baad kaee aftershock aae, kaee 6.0 parimaan seey badey they aur ack maapane kaa parimaan 6.8-7.3 thaa. yeye aftershock teen varshon taka darj kiye gaye they. mukhya jhatake key ack dashak baad atirikt jhatake darj kiye gaye. anumaanit 5,650-10,000 loga mukhya jhatake mein maare gaye they. vyaapak vinash huaa-cumm seey cumm 30,000 ghar nasht hoe gaye. ack kshetra mein compan mahsoos kiya gayaa. bhookamp key prabhaavon ney sarkari adhikaariyon koo karon seey peediton koo raahat dene aur muaavaja pradaan karane key liye prerit kiya.
vivartanik setting.
pamir-tian shaan kshetra eurasian plate key saath bhaaratiya plate kii chala rahee takkar key kaaran ack vyaapak viroopan kshetra mein sthit haye. iss vikriti key kaaran tian shaan pahaadon kaa nirmaan huaa. iska gathan paleozoic yug key dauran dou charanon mein shuru huaa-pahala (dakshini tian shaan) dair seey devonian-praarambhik carboniferous mein aur baad mein (uttari tian shaan) dair seey carboniferous-praarambhik permian mein. bhaaratiya upmahadweep key eurasia seey takaraane seey pahale, dou bhoo-bhaagon key beach dweep chaap aur sookshm mahadweep (terren) they. inn bhoo-bhaagon koo baad mein eurasia mein parivartit curr diyaa gayaa kyonki uttar kii or badhate bhaaratiya upmahadweep kii takkar hoe gaee thee aur abb yeye vartamaan madhya asia mein hain. terren aur dweep chapon kii takkar key saath-saath eurasia key saath takkar ney antatah tian shaan pahaadon kaa gathan kiya. pracheen silai kshetra usa seema koo chihnit karate hain jahan yeye takraav hue they. iss kshetra mein tian shaan pahaadon key dakshini kinare key saath badey, uttar aur dakshin mein doobane vaale thrust falt aur tarim besin kii uttari seema kaa prabhutva haye. tian shaan dakshin mein tarim besin key cumm dabaav mein aaney aur paschim dakshin-paschim mein pamiron koo ukhaad fenkane seey crustle shortening koo sakriya roop seey samaayojit kartaa haye. varsh key adhikansh samay koo isaki dakshini seema key saath samaayojit kiya jaataa haye. uttar-paschimi tian shaan bhookampiya roop seey sakriya haye-bhookamp thrust fault key kaaran hotey hain aur aamtaur parr isaki oonchi fokal gaharaai yaa usase cumm hoti haye.
bhookamp.
poore europe mein bhookamp key nishaanon parr mukhya jhataka darj kiya gayaa thaa. yeh cape town, torrento, irkutsk aur christchurch mein bhee vaadyayantron dwara darj kiya gayaa thaa. yeh tian shaan kshetra mein sabse badaa aur sabse pahala record kiya gayaa bhookamp haye. pahale yeh socha gayaa thaa kii bhookampiya parimaan 8 seey adhik hoe gayaa thaa, jaise kii cheeni bhookamp soochi jisane satah-tarang parimaan () koo 8.25 (8 key roop mein likhaa gayaa) parr rakhaa. bhookamp vigyaani beno guttenberg aur charles francis richter ney kramshah (shareer kii lahar key parimaan) 7.9 aur 8.6 parr parimaan rakhaa. mukhya jhatake koo record karane key liye bhookampiya upkaranon key viral network key kaaran, isake parimaan koo bahut adhik aanka gayaa thaa. 2017 mein, parimaan kii ganana 7.7 ± 0.3 aur 7.8 ± 0.4 kii kendra gaharaai parr kii gaee thee. uparikendra koo bhee pichhale nirdharanon () seey aage poorv mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
visheshataaen.
bhookamp key honey kii avadhi key kaaran bhookamp kaa vaigyaanik gyaan seemit thaa. iss ayojan mein akaadamik shodh lagbhag 40 varshon taka faila huaa haye, lekin durgam sthaan key kaaran, isaki visheshtaon koo samajhana ack chunauti bunny hui haye. iss bhookamp key tantra key roop mein strike-slip aur thrust fault kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa haye. isake srot parr ack samjhaute kii kamee jatil vivartanik setting key kaaran haye.
badey kalpin fold aur thrust belt key paschimi bhaag key paas tian shaan renz key dakshini kinare parr sthit ttiotagongbaggy-airpelike fault (toff) koo fault key srot key roop mein abhinirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh thrust fault lamba haye, aur isamen ack komal tarang-aakar kii satah fault trace haye. yeh 25° seey 60° key alag-alag konon parr uttar kii or girata haye. 7 teevrata key bhookamp key liye, ack tootane kii aavashyakta hoti haye, aur toff key aayamon seey pataa chalata haye kii yeh srot honey key liye paryaapt badaa haye. avalokan key aadhar parr sabse adhik bhookampiya teevrata vaale kshetra key bheetar dosh hotaa haye. bhookamp key kendra tantra dwara bhee thrust fault kaa sanket diyaa gayaa thaa, joe siddhant kaa samarthan kartaa haye. toff key saath kshetra key avalokan mein satah key tootane kaa koee nishan naheen milaa joe ingit kartaa haye kii ghatana ack andhaa bhookamp thaa. 1996 key 6.9 bhookamp key liye vahee fault system jimmedaar thaa jisamen 26 loga maare gaye they.
ack khadee-dubki vaali baain-paarshv strike-slip seema galati bhee prastaavit thee jiska srot honey kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa thaa. prastaavit fault dakshin-paschimi tian shaan aur uttari tarim besin key beach kii seema koo chihnit kartaa haye. haalaanki, koee bhee satah viroopan kshetra mein strike-slip viroopan key astitva kaa samarthan naheen kartaa haye. isake alawa, pratibimb bhookampiya vigyaan kshetra mein iss tarah kii visheshta key saath dosh key astitva kaa samarthan naheen kartaa haye.
vaigyaanikon ney yeh bhee prastaav diyaa kii bhookamp ack dusare key kramik roop seey tootane vaale dou thrust fault kaa parinam thaa. uttar-uttar poorv kii or badhane vaale dou upa-samanantar satah tootane kii pehchaan kii gaee aur bhookamp key liye jimmedaar thaharaaya gayaa. inn satah key tootane kii pehchaan kshetra adhyayan, digital unnayan model detta aur remot sensing key madhyam seey kii gaee thee, jisaki sanyukt lambai thee. way poorv-maanchitrit doshon key saath sthit they-arthaat autushi aur keketamu dosh jinaki lambai kramshah aur thee. yeye dosh tian shaan key aadhar parr sthit hain aur anticline key aadhar parr ujagar hotey hain. inn dakshin-dubki vaale doshon ney haal kii thrust fault gatividhi aur thrust-sambandhit tahon koo pradarshit kiya. ack sambhaavit adhikatam urdhvaadhar visthaapan, aur ack ausat maapa gayaa thaa.
prabhaav.
bhookamp koo madhya asia mein jordar mahsoos kiya gayaa, joe tashkand key dakshin seey almatti key uttar taka faila huaa thaa. shinziang mein, yeh yinning, ürümqi, korla, taxcorgan aur hotton mein mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa. sanshodhit mercley, rossie-foral aur medvedev-sponier-carnic taraju parr isaki adhikatam teevrata x thee. isocismal aiks koo ack andakar kshetra mein mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen artux, sontak, haljun aur aahuu key shahar they. tian shaan key dakshini aadhar parr poorv-paschim disha mein compan huaa. oesosismal ix cover kiya gayaa haye, joe poorv-paschim mein wukia seey karaki taka faila huaa haye. yeh kashgar, shule, shufu aur jiyashi mein dakshin mein mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa. oesosismal VIII koo kangsu, toyun, ukturpan aur akkato mein mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa. yopurga, kalpin, yengisar aur maralbexy key county mein bhee ise dridhata seey mahsoos kiya gayaa.
purvabhas.
mukhya jhatake seey pahale kshetra mein bhookampiyata apekshaakrit adhik thee. 6 key kaee bhookamp aae, halanki, ack badaa bhookampiya antar maujood thaa. bhookampon key aitihaasik record 1902 seey 10 saal pahale key hain. 1892 mein, ack 6.3 ghatana 1902 key mukhya jhatake key dakshin-poorv mein hui thee. 1895 mein tashkorgan mein 7.5 key bhookamp key baad, bhookamp uttar kii or atushi kii or badhaa. shahar 1896 seey 1898 taka harr saal ack baar vinashkari bhookamp (6 +) seey prabhaavit thaa. bhookamp kii yeh uchch darr 1899 seey bund hoe gaee aur mukhya jhatake kii or leey gaee. mukhya jhatake seey 10 aur 20 dinn pahale, oopar kii or 3.1 teevrata kaa bhookamp darj kiya gayaa thaa.
aftershock.
30 agast taka harr dinn gambhir aftershock mahsoos kiye gaye they. 1902 seey 1926 taka 4.7 yaa usase adhik kii darj teevrata key saath cumm seey cumm 16 aftershock they-mukhya jhatake key baad ack maheene key bheetar aathh darj kiye gaye they. pahala darj kiya gayaa aftershock maap 6.1 22 agast koo 23:00 parr huaa. kaee aftershock darj kiye gaye parimaan 6.0 yaa usase adhik agale varshon mein. 30 agast koo 6.8 yaa 7.3 aftershock aaya thaa, jiska kendra mukhya jhataka thaa. 19 disambar taka, aathh aftershock darj kiye gaye they, jinamen seey 5.7 aur 6.4 key beach they. 1905 mein apekshaakrit cumm aftershock darj kiye gaye they. gatividhi mein yeh kamee disambar 1906 aur janwari 1911 key badey tian shain bhookampon seey sambandhit hoe sakati haye. haalaanki, yeh bhee sambhav thaa kii yeye bhookamp kewal binaa record kiye gaye they. kaee varshon taka mukhya bhookamp kshetra mein bhookamp aatey rahey-1916 mein 5.8,1919 mein 6.5 aur 1920 mein 5.0 +.
poorvavarti gatividhi.
mukhya jhatake seey pahale asamanya shore, vishisht pashu vyavhaar, roshni aur mausam mein badalaav thaa. aahuu mein, bhookamp seey dou ghante pahale, maveshiyon, ghodon, murgon, kutton, billiyon aur anya maveshiyon ney asamanya aavaazen keen. una kshetron mein joe antatah teevra (viii-ix) compan kaa anubhav karenge, janwar bhaag rahey they, uda rahey they yaa bhaunk rahey they. jameen seey badee aavaazen nikalati theen aur maralbexy mein sunee jaati theen. awazon koo garaj, havaai jahaaj yaa bandook visfot key samaan bataaya gayaa thaa. artux mein, yeh paschim seey sunaa gayaa thaa, jabaki shule mein, yeh uttar seey sunaa gayaa thaa. measocismal kshetra key bheetar jiyashi, shufu, artux aur anya sthaanon parr roshni dekhi gaee. jiyashi mein, inhen "aag" aur "bijli" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. shufu mein ack ulka-sadrish aag kaa golaa dekhaa gayaa. mausam asamanya roop seey havaa aur barish vaalaa thaa-mukhya jhatake seey kuchh samay pahale olavrishti bhee hui thee.
prabhaav.
bhookamp ney dedh minut key liye jordar compan paida kiya. 5, 650 seey 10,000 logon kii maut hoe gaee aur 30,000 seey adhik ghar dhaha gaye. bhed, maveshi, oont aur gadahe sahit 600 atirikt pashudhan marr gaye. aahuu mein, chattan parr sthit ack koo chhodkar sabhi ghar dhaha gaye. basti mein 300 seey adhik loga maare gaye-isaki aabaadi kaa lagbhag 20 pratishat. bhookamp ney anumaanit matra seey adhik key saath badey paimaane parr bhuskhalan koo janm diyaa.
measocismal kshetra mein, pedh iss tarah seey jore seey jhoom uthhe kii unake sire jameen koo chhoo gaye. kuchh pedh ukhad gaye yaa toot gaye. kaee tambu prabhaavit hue. nadee key kinare key paas jameen girane seey sadaken avaruddh hoe gaeen aur dhaaraaen bund hoe gaeen. kaee badee daraaron seey paani nikalata haye. sabse badaa daraar lamba, kaee meater chauda aur gahara maapa gayaa. iss kshetra mein paanch sou logon kii maut hoe gaee. kaee paltu janwar bhee maare gaye they. puraane jharane sookh jaate hain aur nae banate hain.
kashgar mein, dhoop mein sookhi eenton kii deevaaren aur ghar dhaha gaye. chinai seey bunny imaraton koo koee gambhir nuksan naheen huaa. shahar key uttari pravesh dwaar mein kaee daraaren khul gaeen, jahan shahar kii deevaaren gir gaee theen. shiangfei makbare sahit kaee aitihaasik smaarak aanshik roop seey dhaha gaye aur toot gaye. kashgar mein cumm seey cumm 667 logon kii maut hoe gaee aur hajaaron loga ghayal hoe gaye. kashgar key uttar mein artux mein bhookamp lagbhag harr ghar koo dhwast curr diyaa. artux mein 5,000 seey 6,000 key beach maare gaye they. shinziang mein apani tarah kii pahali artux grand masjid koo giraa diyaa gayaa. shahar kii aadhi deevaaren gir gaeen. astin gaanv mein cumm seey cumm 400 loga maare gaye, jabaki jangi mein 20 loga maare gaye. yarkand mein, kshati halki thee lekin dou bachchon kii deewaar girane seey maut hoe gaee. narine aur aitt-baashi mein nuksan kii soochana millie thee lekin koee hataahat naheen huaa thaa.
ghaatiyan dhaha gaeen aur kaee nadee channel avaruddh hoe gaye, jisase jharane aur nae jharane bunn gaye. sontak mein adhikansh prithvi-nirmit ghar nasht hoe gaye they, aur 50 seey adhik loga maare gaye they. eston attux mein, isake awas stock kaa 90 pratishat nasht hoe gayaa thaa. halajun mein kaee logon kii maut hoe gaee. upaal mein chaalees mautein darj kii gaeen aur basti ney apane 20 pratishat gharon koo khou diyaa. baikurut mein marane vaalon kii sankhya 30 seey adhik darj kii gaee.
isake baad.
kuchh gaanvon ney aapada key baad shavon koo dafanaane mein chaar dinn bitaaye. king rajvansh kii sarkaar ney peediton key liye pension aur curr chhoot pradaan kii. king shilu (king key vaastavik record)" key khand 566 mein darj, gansu aur shinziang key governor, raav yingki ney sthiti kaa mulyankan karane aur muaavaja pradaan karane key liye ack jaanch samiti kaa adesh diyaa. gwangsu samrat ney curr chhoot key liye ack adesh bhee jaari kiya.
sandarbh.
srot