
melasma

melasma (jise clossama facey key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, yaa garbhavastha kaa mukhauta jaba garbhavati mahilaaon mein maujood hotaa haye) ack tain yaa kaali twacha kaa rung haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii melasma soorya key sampark mein aaney, aanuvanshik pravritti, harmon parivartan aur twacha kii jalan key kaaran hotaa haye. haalaanki yeh kissy koo bhee prabhaavit curr sakata haye, yeh vishesh roop seey mahilaaon mein aam haye, vishesh roop seey garbhavati mahilaaon aur joe maukhik yaa patch garbhanirodhak yaa harmon pratisthaapan chikitsa davaaen leey rahey hain.
sanket aur lakshan.
melasma key lakshan kaale, aniyamit, achchi tarah seey seemankit, dhabbon key liye atee-varnak vaale mccule hain. yeye dhabbe aksar samay key saath dheere-dheere vikasit hotey hain. melasma cosmetic discoloration seey parey kissy anya lakshan kaa kaaran naheen banata haye. vyakti key aadhar parr dhabbe aakar mein 0.5 semi seey laker 10 semi seey badey hoe sakate hain. isake sthaan koo kendramukhi, malar yaa mandibular key roop mein vargeekrit kiya jaa sakata haye. sabse aam haye centrophacial, jisamen gaal, naak, oopari honth, maathe aur thhodi parr dhabbe dikhaai dete hain. mandibular shreni mein dwaipaakshik raami parr dhabbe hotey hain, jabaki malar sthaan mein kewal naak aur gaal parr dhabbe hotey hain.
kaaran.
melasma kaa sateek kaaran agyaat haye.
melasma koo melanocytes (twacha kii parat mein koshikaaen, joe twacha key caratinocytes mein pigment melanine koo sthanantarit karati hain) kii uttejana maanaa jaataa haye jaba twacha soorya seey parabaingani prakaash key sampark mein aatee haye. soorya key sampark mein aaney seey twacha mein melazma kii kamee key baad usaki vaapsee hoe sakati haye, yahee kaaran haye kii melazma vaale logon koo aksar baar-baar, vishesh roop seey garmiyon mein, aisaa hotaa haye.
garbhavati mahilaaon koo aksar melasma yaa clossama hotaa haye, jise garbhavastha key mask key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. janm-niyantran goliyaan aur harmon pratisthaapan chikitsa bhee melasma koo trigger curr sakati haye. aamtaur parr janm dene yaa maukhik garbhanirodhak yaa harmon upchaar koo rokane key baad kaee maheenon kii avadhi mein rung badalane kii prakriya achaanak gayab hoe jaati haye.
aanuvanshik pravritti bhee yeh nirdhaarit karane mein ack pramukh kaarak haye kii kyaa kissy koo melasma vikasit hoga. african, asiai yaa hyspanic vansh key fitzpatrick twacha prakaar III yaa usase adhik vaale logon koo dusaron kii tulanaa mein bahut adhik khatra hotaa haye. isake alawa, halki bhoore rung kii twacha vaali mahilaaen joe teevra dhoop key sampark vaale kshetron mein reh rahee hain, way vishesh roop seey iss sthiti koo vikasit karane key liye atisamvedansheel hain.
thyroid roga key rogiyon mein melasma kii ghatana bhee badh jaati haye. aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii tanaav key kaaran melanocyte-uttejak harmon kaa adhik utpaadan iss sthiti key prakop kaa kaaran bunn sakata haye. melasma key anya durlabh karanon mein davaaon aur saundarya prasadhanon key prati allergy pratikriya shamil haye.
edison roga.
melasma suprarenel (laitinah "gurde key oopar") edison roga kaa ack lakshan haye, vishesh roop seey jaba twacha parr dabaav yaa mamuli chot key kaaran hotaa haye, jaisa kii 1859 mein rotterdam key fjj schmitt dwara khoja gayaa thaa.
nidan.
prakaar.
dou alag-alag prakaar key melasma epidermal aur dermal hain. 
gambhirta.
chehare key melasma kii gambhirta kaa aaklan rangmapi, mexametry aur melasma kshetra aur gambhirta soochkaank (massie) score dwara kiya jaa sakata haye.
vibhedak nidan.
melasma koo frackles, solar lentigo, vishaakt melanoderma, rihal melanosis, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, friction melanosis, aucronosis (endogenous aur exogenous), aur twachiya erythematos lupus seey alag kiya jaanaa chaahiye. isake alawa, ise phytophotodermatosis, pelagra, endogenous phototoxicity, otaa key nevas, kaife auo lait mccules, seboric caratosis, sivat key poikiloderma, otaa jaise mccules (horris nevas) key adhigrahit dwaipaakshik nevas, periorbital hyperpigmentation, broke key erythros pigmentaire peribucale, erythromelanosis follicularis, facial acanthosis nigricans aur actinic lycane planus key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
saath hii, dawa-prerit varnak key mamle bhee report kiye gaye hain, joe ameodarone, yaa hydroquinone-prerit exogenous aucronosis key kaaran hotey hain (aucronosis upchaar dekhein).
upchaar.
twacha visheshagya dwara mulyankan upchaar kaa margadarshan karane mein madad curr sakata haye. rangheen dhabbon key lupt honey koo tej karane key upchaaron mein shamil hainh
prabhavsheelta.
sakshya-adharit sameekshaon mein paaya gayaa kii melasma key liye sabse prabhaavi chikitsa mein saamyik agents kaa sanyojan shamil haye. hydroquinone, tratinoin aur ack steroid ghatak key saath taiyar kiye gaye triple sanyojan cream akele dohri sanyojan chikitsa yaa hydroquinone kii tulanaa mein adhik prabhaavi saabit hue hain. haal hii mein, ack vyavasthit sameeksha mein paaya gayaa kii maukhik davaaon kii bhee melasma upchaar mein bhoomika haye, aur pratikool ghatnaaon kii nyuntam sankhya aur gambhirta key saath prabhaavi dikhaaya gayaa haye. melasma key upchaar mein niyojit maukhik davaaon aur aahar purakon mein tranxamic acid, "polypodium leukotomos" ark, beeta-carotenoid, melatonin aur prosanidine shamil hain.
maukhik prosanidine vitamin aeye, see aur ee key saath sanyukt epidermal melasma key liye surakshit aur prabhaavi key roop mein vaadaa kartaa haye. 56 philipino mahilaaon mein 8-saptah key yaadrichhik, dohare-andhe, placebo-niyantrit pareekshan mein, upchaar baaen aur daaen malar kshetron mein mahatvapurna sudhaaron seey judaa thaa, aur surakshit aur achchi tarah seey sahan kiya gayaa thaa.
inn sabhi upchaaron mein, prabhaav dheere-dheere hotey hain aur soorya key prakaash seey sakht bachane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. titanium dioxide aur jink oxide jaise bhautik avrodhakon key saath vyaapak-spectrum sunscreen kaa upayog pasand kiya jaataa haye, kyonki yuvi-aeye, yuvi-bee aur drishya roshni sabhi ranjak utpaadan koo uttejit karane mein saksham hain.
inn upchaaron key saath kaee nakaratmak dushprabhaav bhee hoe sakate hain, aur upchaar aksar samagr roop seey asantusht hotey hain. nishan, jalan, twacha key halke dhabbe aur sampark twacha shoth sabhi aamtaur parr dekhe jaate hain. rogiyon koo harmonal triggers sahit anya avakshepakon seey bachana chaahiye. melasma koo chhipaane key liye cosmetic chhadmaavaran kaa bhee upayog kiya jaa sakata haye.

