
crossguard

talwar parr, crossguard, yaa cross-gaard, donon taraf key alag-alag baar jinhen quillen key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, blade key samkon parr dhaatu kii ack baar hoti haye, jise blade aur hilt key beach rakhaa jaataa haye.
itihas.
crossguard koo 10veen shatabdi key aspas europeeya talwar mein kshetrarakshak key haath kii suraksha key liye vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. sabse shuruati roopon mein spatha kaa crossguard sanskaran thaa jiska upayog huns dwara kiya jaataa thaa, tathaakathit pontic talvaaren. teesari shatabdi kii shuruat seey sasani farsi talvaaron parr crossguard key kaee udaaharan hain. way sabse puraane udaaharan hoe sakate hain. crossguard kaa upayog naa kewal dushman key hamalon kaa mukabala karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa, balki talwar parr behtar pakad banaane key liye bhee kiya jaataa thaa. unhein baad mein dair seey wiking talvaaron mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, aur yeh 11 veen shatabdi kii norman talwar aur poore uchch aur uttaraardh madhyayugeen kaal mein shurveer hathiyarband talwar kii ack maanak visheshta haye. praarambhik crossguard seedhe dhaatu key baar they, joe kabhi-kabhi baahari chhor kii or jhukate they. jabaki iss saral prakaar koo kabhi bund naheen kiya gayaa thaa, madhya yug key dauran isake saath adhik vistrit roop vikasit hue. 12veen aur 13veen shatabdi mein crossguard koo jhukaa yaa jhukaa diyaa jaa sakata thaa.
13veen yaa 14veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, talvaaron koo lagbhag saarvbhaumik roop seey ack tathaakathit chaap yaa raine-gaard key saath fitt kiya gayaa thaa, joe crossguard key liye chamade kaa ack tukada thaa. iss chamade kaa uddeshya poori tarah seey spasht naheen haye, lekin aisaa lagata haye kii yeh khurdara key ack hisse key roop mein utpann huaa haye, joe ack dhakkan key roop mein kaam kartaa haye jaba talwar khurdara mein thee.
14veen seey 15veen shatabdi mein, kaee aur vistrit roopon kaa pareekshan kiya gayaa. iss tarah key madhyayugeen roopon kii ack visheshta kasp yaa écusson haye, joe kendra mein crossguard kaa ack baahar nikalata haye jahaan ise blade parr lagaaya jaataa haye. 14veen shatabdi seey bhee, chamade key chup koo kabhi-kabhi dhaatu kii chaadar seey badal diyaa jaataa haye. iska ack praarambhik udaaharan see kii ack talwar haye. 1320-40 koo glassgo mein kelvingrove sangrahalaya mein rakhaa gayaa haye. baad mein ack udaaharan eastore visconti (15veen shatabdi kii shuruat) kii "monja talwar" haye, jahan varsha-rakshak chaandi kaa hotaa haye aur ack pushp rupankan seey sajaaya jaataa haye.
madhya yug key anta key baad, crossguard adhik vistrit hoe gaye, pahale quillen kaa nirmaan kiya aur phir, gaard shaakhaon key jodd key madhyam seey, tokri hilt, joe nihatthe haath koo adhik suraksha pradaan kartaa thaa.
prakaar.
apane "veerata key yug mein talwar" (1964) key adhyaay 4 mein awart okeshot madhyayugeen cross-gaard koo baarah prakaron mein vargeekrit kartaa haih
14veen aur 15veen shatabdi mein madhyayugeen khanjar ney bhee talwar key dhakkan key baad shally mein quillen key saath ack sanskaran koo apanaaya. 16veen shatabdi mein quillen-khanjar lokpriya rahey, jaba talwar key prakaar kaa upayog samaapt hoe gayaa thaa.