
yeh

örtze (орте) loer saxony, germany kii ack nadee haye. ortz "grobe hyde" ("roubcommer" sanghiya vann mein) mein munster key uttar mein ugataa haye aur, isake baad, winsen key dakshin-poorv mein shamil hoe jaataa haye.
srot aur pathyakram.
ortz ghaati ack purani himnad ghaati haye. yeh lagbhag 230,000 seey 130,000 saal pahale burf kii chaadar seey pighalane vaale paani kii nikasi seey baney saal himnad key dauran banaa thaa joe dakshini loonberg heath key pathaaron mein gaharaai seey cutt jaataa haye. oopari ortz ney apani khud kii, bahut chhoti ghaati koo sander bedd aur lagbhag chaudi, sapaat himnad ghaati key farsh mein cheer diyaa haye.
ortz kaa srot kshetra aur isake kaee srot daldal munster uttar prashikshan kshetra key bhoobhaag parr sthit hain. talab prashikshan kshetron seey bhaari barish key dauran bahane vaale nilambit thhos padarthon aur talchhat koo hataane key liye, chaar kramik jheelen-tathaakathit "munosen"-ortz parr banaai gaee hain, aur "illster", nadee key mukhya mukhya pravaah parr, ack aur baandh talab haye. ortz dakshini heath yaa "sudheid" parr sabse badee nadee haye aur paschim mein lambe samay taka bahane vaale bome aur poorv mein iss key beach apane kendriya kshetra koo bahaati haye. isaki dhalaan apekshaakrit khadee haye. nadee key beach mein isake nichale pravaah mein dhaara kaa pravaah lagbhag prati sekand haye aur paani kii gaharaai alag-alag hoti haye. ise ack tathaakathit grishmakaaleen-thhandi dhaara ("somerculter heidback") key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye.
ortz munster (uttari germany mein ack mahatvapurna sainya adda), cratzen, poetzen, muden, hermensburg (hermensburg mission key kaaran prasiddh), oldendorff, everson aur volthausen key shaharon aur gaanvon seey gujarta haye.
ortz kii sahayak nadiyaan hainh
illster, cline ortz, whitz, schhamaarbek aur sothreeth (joe landweherback key roop mein ortz mein ack saath nirvahan karate hain), brunau, weisner baach, brandenback, hasselback, engelback aur mullenback.
ortz kaa mukhya mukhya pravaah illster haye. iska naam sabse badey gaanv koo yaad kartaa haye, jise munster-uttar prashikshan kshetra koo darkinar karna padata haye. isaki sabse badee sahayak nadee whitz haye, joe soltaau aur munster key beach seey nikalati haye aur joe apani sahayak nadee "oyu" key saath milkar, ortz seey 5 kilometres lambi haye. yeh muden key paas ortz mein shamil hoe jaataa haye aur heath gaanv koo iska naam diyaa.
cline ortz" orel (munster kaa parrish) key uttar mein ugataa haye aur cratzen (faceberg kaa parrish) key paas ortz mein risata haye. isake praakritik honey seey pahale iska oopari maarg sankeern ghaati (prakriti aarakshit) mein pahale uthaaye gaye dibbe key liye ack jall nikasi khaai key roop mein kaam kartaa thaa, joe abb giraaya gayaa haye.
landweherback" kii mukhya dhaaraon parr faceberg vayu aadhar ("schmarback" key uttar mein) aur kaee puraane kiselgur gaddhe ("sothrith" key donon taraf) sthit hain.
jeev aur vanaspati.
kyonki ortz koo kaafee hudd taka vikas seey bachaaya gayaa haye, ack nikat-praakritik nivaas koo sanrakshit kiya gayaa haye. isaki paani kii gunavatta koo poore varg mein "2: madhyam roop seey pradooshit" (seprobic pranali) key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. nadee key kinare key saath-saath pouder, pine aur spruce chhaaya pradaan karate hain, jisase garmiyon mein bhee paani thandaa rahata haye aur oxygen kii matra adhik hoti haye. ortz poshak tatvon mein apekshaakrit cumm hotaa haye. iska maarg ghumaavdaar aur sanrachanaatmak roop seey vividh ("structurerich") haye aur apane khadee kinaaron, khokhalon, bajari aur rait key kinaaron key saath machhali koo chhipaane aur ugaane key liye kaee sthaan pradaan kartaa haye.
nadee mein paaee jaane vaali machhliyon aur jaanvaron kii prajaatiyon mein shamil hainh
meethe paani key eel ("angilla angilla") aur berbots ("lotaa lotaa"), grailing ("thymalus thymalus"), braun trout ("salmo truta forma fario"), brem ("abramis brama"), mino ("foxinus foxinus"), purch ("parka fluviatilis"), gadjan ("gobio gobio"), pike ("assox lucius"), bullhead ("cottus gobio"), roach ("lucus rutillus"), rudd ("scardinis eritrophthalmus") aur broke lamp ("lampray plan"). yahaan taka kii luptapray oodabilaav aur kingfisher bhee rahate hain.
ortz mein salmon machhali pakadana 1766 seey darj kiya gayaa thaa, lekin aakhiri salmon 1935 mein pakada gayaa thaa. 1982 seey nadee koo ikattha karke salmon koo phir seey pesh karane key prayaas kiye gaye hain. halanki, volthausen mein wayer machhali key oopar kii or tairane mein ack baadha haye. 16veen shatabdi seey 1960 taka ortz yahaan ack makai mill key paani key chakr koo chalaata thaa. aaj isake vipareet yeh bijli utpann karane key liye paani key chakr key buggle mein ack turbine koo shakti pradaan kartaa haye. ack machhali paas (aathh charanon vaali aur aksheruki jeevon key liye upayukt machhali kii seedhi) kii yojana banaai jaa rahee haye.
naukaayan parr naukaayan.
garmiyon key maheenon key dauran, 16 maee seey 14 octuber taka, subah 9 baje seey shaam 6 baje key beach, nauka vihaar kii anumati haye, basharte kii yeh praakritik paryaavaran koo nuksan naa pahunchaae. kewal naukaayan naukaaon (jaise naukaayan nauka) koo hii anumati dee jaati haye.jee. kaayak yaa dongi). ortz kaa upayog muden mein mill key neeche kii or kiya jaa sakata haye. muden, beven, hermensburg, oldendorff, everson, volthausen aur winsen mein launch karane key sthaan hain.
saahitya mein.
kshetriya lekhak harman lons ney kaee prishthon key saath ack adhyaay koo ortz key liye samarpit kiya. unhone "anya baaton key saath" likhaah
ghaas kii sinchai.
1950 key dashak taka ortz key baadh key maidan mein ghaas key maidanon koo sinchit kiya jaataa thaa, aur nadee key paani mein khanijon aur javic padarthon dwara nishechit kiya jaataa thaa, ack siddhant kaa upayog karate hue jise "loonberger rakenbaau" yaa "suderberger rakenbaau" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.
bevan ghaas key maidanon ("resulvicen") kii sinchai key liye 1831 aur 1850 key beach ack nahar bichhaai gaee thee aur 1854 mein kholi gaee thee. yeh modd kii shuruat mein ack wayer key saath muden key paas shuru hui thee. anya veeyaron ney nahar seey paani koo ghaas key maidanon mein vitarit kiya. aaj yeh nahar baadh maarg key roop mein kaary karati haye.
lakadi kii rafting.
itihas.
ortz parr lakadi kii rafting shayed 17veen shatabdi mein shuru hui thee. 28 farwari 1677 koo rajkumar key master rafter ("flosmister"), johann bastian erhardt ney hassell, luce aur kalbsaloh key kshetron mein jangal seey neeche kii or lakadi tairaane key liye nadee kaa upayog karane kii sambhavana parr gaur kiya. unhone wahrenholz key varishth vanpal koo nimnalikhit report deeh
 iss visheshagya kii raay key kaaran ortz parr lakadi kii rafting sthaapit kii gaee.
19veen shatabdi mein, ortz parr lakadi kii rafting ney iss kshetra key liye bahut mahatva grahan kiya. raft kii sankhya 1868 mein lagbhag 600 prati varsh seey badhkar 1874 mein 1,946 hoe gaee, joe tathaakathit "granderjit" varshon key aarthik uchhaal koo darshaati haye. bremen, bremerhaven aur wessermarch jile mein imaraton aur jahaajon key nirmaan seey maang utpann hui thee. isake vipareet, isaki aapoorti niji bhoomi maalikon aur sthaaniya samudaayon ("realgaminden") seey thee, jinhen 19veen shatabdi key madhya mein aam bhoomi key vibhajan key baad puraane vann key badey kshetron koo sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1877 seey ortz parr raft kii sankhya teji seey gir gaee, vishesh roop seey jaba isaki nichali pahunch gaad hoe gaee aur bahut uthali hoe gaee. 1912 seey lakadi kii rafting rook gaee. pratiyogita 1910 mein nirmit cell-soltaau, cell-munster light railway aur nikatvarti kshetron mein pakki sadakon aur naee aaraa milon seey aaee thee.
1869 seey 1910 taka raft kii sankhya
praudyogiki.
ortz poore saal lakadi key raft dwara nauvahan yogya thaa, isake paani-dhaaran karane vaale, retile nadee key tala key kaaran muden key paas whitz key saath isake sangam seey laker aular taka. ack lakadi kaa bedaa ack dinn mein inhen paar curr sakata haye. 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein muden seey oldendorff taka 11 raft-building point bhee they, jahan ghode aur gaadi dwara nadee mein kheenche gaye logg koo ack raft banaane key liye ack saath baandh diyaa gayaa thaa. aller parr logg ack saath bandhe hue they taaki aur bhee badey raft bunn sakein aur bremen mein apane utaarane key bindu taka neeche tair sakein. vahaan seey lakadi koo ingland, neetherland, france yaa spen bheja gayaa thaa.
raft lambe aur chaude they. ack visheshta saamane kii or goal vilo hoops, tathaakathit haath rail ("handragle") thee, jise rafter aapaatkaaleen sthiti mein pakad sakata thaa. rafter ney raft koo chalaane key liye ack poul ("shuffstacken" yaa "shuffboom") leey jaaya jise unhone ack tii handle key saath baaen kandhe key khilaf dabaaya. ise anta mein lohe key spike aur hook seey susajjit kiya gayaa thaa.

