
africa kii senaa (france)

africa kii senaa () ack anaupchaarik lekin aam taur parr upayog kiya jaane vaalaa shabd thaa joe 1830 seey 1962 mein algerian yuddh key anta taka francisi uttari africa (morakko, algeria aur tunisia) mein tainaat francisi senaa key una hisson key liye thaa, jisamen swadeshi bhartiyon seey bunny francisi ikaaiyaan shamil theen.
rachana.
africa kii senaa mein swadeshi arab yaa berber swayamsevak shamil they; (spaahi, gomier aur tirailiyar); resiment joe kaafee hudd taka pied-noyer francisi basane vaalon seey bunny thee joe apani sainya seva curr rahey they (zouves aur chassers dee 'afreek); aur gair-francisi swayamsevak (legian attrangere). vibhajan poorna naheen they aur (udaaharan key liye) mukhya bhoomi france key swayamsevak yaa anivarya sanic spahiyon aur tirailars key muslim rank aur file key saath seva karane kaa vikalp chuna sakate hain, jabaki arab swayamsevak zauv key rank mein dikhaai dey sakate hain. pratham vishva yuddh seey pahale, usa samay maujood chaar zauv resiments mein seey pratyek kii ack batalian kii bharti france mein kii gaee thee. inn bataliyanon key adde iss tarah ack dhancha pradaan curr rahey they jise samanya gatishilata kii sthiti mein vistaarit kiya jaa sakata thaa, aur joe bhautik roop seey germany key bhaugolik khatare key karib sthit they.
maee 1913 mein algeria kii muslim aabaadi parr chuninda anivarya bharti kaa ack seemit roop lagu kiya gayaa thaa. lagbhag 45,000 sambhaavit ummidvaaron mein seey kewal 2,000 anivarya bharti iss vidhi dwara praapt kii gaee thee aur shaanti key samay mein musalman bharti mukhya roop seey swaichhik rahee. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran bhee seva karane vaale adhikansh muslim sanic (170,000 mein seey 89,000) swayamsevi they. jaisa kii france mein hii thaa, sainya seva nagrikta kaa ack daayitva thaa aur francisi mool key sabhi shaaririk roop seey swasth purush basane vaalon koo dou saal kii anivarya seva (1913 seey teen saal) karni thee.
africa kii senaa kii sabhi shaakhaon key adhikaari mukhya roop seey francisi europeeya they, halanki kaptan key pada taka aur usake saath-saath commission kiye gaye padon kii ack nishchit sankhya spahiyon aur tirailars mein muslim karmiyon key liye aarakshit thee. 1932 mein inn resiments mein seey pratyek mein kull 67 mein seey nau mein "adhikaariyon key swadeshi" kaa anupaat nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa.
1956 mein, algerian yuddh key dauran, africa kii purani senaa kii shesh ikaaiyon mein adhik nasleeya ekikaran kii ack naee neeti apnai gaee. algerian tirailiyar resiments koo lagbhag 50 pratishat "uttari african stock key francisi" (i.ee. arab aur berber musalman) aur francisi swayamsevakon aur anivarya sainikon kii ack samaan sankhya, joe badey paimaane parr europeeya basane vaale samudaay seey aae they. usee samay, atirikt muslim sainikon koo pahale jyaadaatar europeeya ikaaiyon jaise zauv mein shamil kiya jaanaa thaa, jaba taka kii way kull kaa 25 pratishat taka naheen bunn jaate. yuddh jaari rahane key saath-saath mishrit ikaaiyon key bheetar badhate tanaav, saath hii muslim swayamsevakon key khilaf vidrohiyon key pratishodh key khatare ney iss sudhaar key prayaas koo kaafee hudd taka radd curr diyaa.
aupchaarik sthiti.
yeh aupchaarik roop seey francisi mahanagariya senaa kaa hissa thaa jisamen ack alag senaa core shamil thaa. yeh dhyaan diyaa jaataa haye kii 1873 mein armi dee 'afric shabd kaa upayog 19vein senaa core (19ee core dee' armi) key sainikon key sandarbh mein kiya gayaa thaa. yeh 1870 mein gathit mahanagariya senaa key 21 sainya core mein seey ack thaa. yeh ekmatra core thaa jiska sainya jilaa mukhya bhoomi france koo cover naheen kartaa thaa. iss prakaar yeh francisi aupaniveshik balon seey alag thaa joe samudri mantralaya key tahat aatey they aur isamen upa-sahaara africa aur francisi aupaniveshik samrajya mein anya jagahon parr seva karane vaali francisi aur swadeshi donon ikaaiyaan shamil theen.
african halki paidal senaa.
infantory leger dee 'afric (african halki paidal senaa) kii batalian francisi senaa kii sabhi shaakhaon key doshi sainya apraadhiyon seey bunny dandaatmak ikaaiyaan theen, jinhone sainya jailon mein apani sajaa poori curr lii thee, lekin phir bhee unake paas apani sagaai kii sharton koo puuraa karane seey pahale seva karane kaa samay thaa. prathamikta unhein unaki mool ikaaiyon mein vaapas naheen karna thaa jahaan way anushasana koo kamjor curr sakate hain yaa apane saathi sainikon key saath krurta curr sakate hain.
1832 mein algeria mein seva key liye "infantary legere dee 'afric" kii pahali dou bataliyanon kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa. vidambana yeh haye kii inn ikaaiyon koo "less joyx" ("mairi vans") key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, inn ikaaiyon kaa upayog aam taur parr kathor anushasana key tahat sadak aur anya nirmaan karyon key liye kiya jaataa thaa. haalaanki, pratham vishva yuddh key dauran africa, indochin aur france mein hii paristhitiyon kii maang key dauran inca upayog yuddh seva key liye kiya jaataa thaa. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key aarambh mein kilebandi parr kaam karane key liye france bheji gaee teen bataliyanon koo aprail 1940 mein phir seey sashastr kiya gayaa aur france key patan seey pahale sakriya seva dekhi gaee.
african halki paidal senaa key adhikaariyon koo anya resiments seey samarthan diyaa gayaa thaa, jaisa kii kuchh gair-commission adhikaari they. haalaanki kaee aine. see. oh. poorv "joyx" they jinhone apani mool seva kii sharton koo puuraa karane key baad inn asamanya ikaaiyon key saath baney rahane aur adhikaar kaa prayog karane kaa vikalp chunaa.
registani sanic.
oonta parr savaar "mehristes" aur "companies sahariyens" (registani paidal senaa aur baad mein machinikrit sanic) koo sahaara mein banaae rakhaa gayaa thaa. videshi senaa ney dakshini algeria mein seva key liye khachchar ghudsavaar tukadiyon koo pradaan kiya aur 1940 seey 1962 taka, "companies sahariyens" mein seey chaar.
uparokt key alawa, mukhya bhoomi francisi senaa kii ikaaiyon yaa vyaktiyon koo kabhi-kabhi uttari africa mein seva key liye tainaat kiya jaataa thaa, jaisa kii "gendermary" aur "tirailars senegless" kii tukadiyon koo kiya jaataa thaa.
pratham vishva yuddh.
agast 1914 mein yuddh key shuru honey parr, algeria aur tunisia mein africa kii senaa mein algerian "tirailars" kii nau resiment, zouv kii chaar, "chassers dee 'afric" kii chhah, spahiyon kii chaar aur videshi senaa kii dou resiment shamil theen. morakko mein "tirailiyar" kii unnis batalian aur nau zauv sakriya seva mein they, saath hii videshi senaa aur african halki paidal senaa key tatva bhee they. inn sainikon kii badee sankhya koo turant france mein seva karane key liye bheja gayaa thaa, mukhya roop seey algeria aur tunisia key shantikal key sainya-daston seey.
1914 mein 33,000 musalman algerian pahale seey hii spahiyon, "tirailars" aur africa kii senaa kii anya ikaaiyon key saath seva curr rahey they. yuddh key dauran aur 1,37,000 swayamsevakon (57,000) yaa yuddh key samay key anivarya sainikon (80,000) key roop mein bharti hue. kull 170,000 mein seey 36,000 maare gaye they.
22 aprail 1915 koo paschimi morche parr chlorine gais kaa pahala german upayog francisi 45vein division key khilaf kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen zauv, algerian "tirailars" aur african halki paidal senaa shamil thee.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh.
jaisa kii 1914 mein huaa thaa, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key prakop parr africa kii senaa kii badee sankhya koo mukhya bhoomi france mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. maee 1940 mein zauv kii 14 resiment, algerian, tunitian aur morakko key 42 resiment, videshi senaa kii 12 resiment aur ardh-brigade aur african halki paidal senaa kii 13 batalian sabhi morchon parr seva dey rahee theen.
france key patan key baad, africa kii senaa aksh disha mein 120,000 key star taka cumm hoe gaee thee. general maxim waygand halanki francisi uttari africa mein sahayak pulis, "asthaayi bharti" aur "nihatthe shramikon" key bhesh mein 60,000 aur logon koo banaae rakhane aur prashikshit karane mein saksham they.
1942 key anta seey, africa kii senaa kaa netritva francisi general heinry giraud ney kiya aur general charles dee gaull kii mukt francisi senaaon key saath isake vilay seey pahale tunisia abhiyaan mein ladee. uttar african ikaaiyon ney baad mein francisi abhiyaan dall mein corsica (sitambar-octuber 1943) aur italvi abhiyaan (1943-44) kii mukti mein ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai. 1944-45 key francisi aur german abhiyaanon key dauran africa kii senaa kaa vistaar 260,000 purushon (uttari africa mein 50 pratishat swadeshi aur 50 pratishat safed francisi basane vaalon sahit, pied-noyer) taka kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen pahala motoryukt paidal senaa prabhaag (zauv aur videshi senaa), pahala bakhtarband prabhaag (chassers dee 'afreek aur videshi senaa), doosara aur chautha morakkan paidal senaa prabhaag (morakkan tirrellers), aur teesara algerian paidal senaa prabhaag (algerian aur tunisian tirrellers) shamil they. isake alawa gomiyaron key teen "samooh dee tabbers" ney swatantra ikaaiyon key roop mein kaam kiya, jabaki topkhaane, engineer, commando, tohi (machinikrit spahis aur tank vidhvansak ikaaiyaan francisi aur francisi uttari africa kii swadeshi aabaadi seey kheenchi gaee theen.
bhaarat-chean aur algerian yuddh.
oran, algiers aur constantine division cumm seey cumm 1955-57 taka divisions key roop mein maujood they; "general dee division" raymond delange () ney 1955-57 mein algiers division kii kamaan sambhali, joe 10vein sainya kshetra key sahayak commander bhee they. algerian yuddh key dauran unhein core kaa darja diyaa gayaa thaa.
armi dee 'afric ney 1945 aur 1962 key beach francisi senaa kaa ack badaa hissa pradaan karna jaari rakhaa. videshi senaa aur morakko, algerian aur tunisian tirailiyar resiments key swayamsevakon ney 1946 aur 1954 key beach indochin yuddh mein morakko key gomier key nau tabbers key saath seva kii. morakko aur algerian spahiyon kii chaar resiment paidal senaa yaa haftrack bakhtarband ikaaiyon key roop mein ladeen.
1956 mein morakko aur tunis kii swatantrata key saath, donon deshon mein bharti tirailur aur spaahi ikaaiyon key muslim karmiyon koo unaki naee rashtriya senaaon mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. isane africa kii senaa koo sabhi peshevar videshi senaa taka seemit curr diyaa; "collan" (francisi basane vaalaa) jouv aur chasers dee 'afric key anivarya aur aarakshit; aur shesh muslim ikaaiyon key niyamit aur anivarya roop seey niyukt. indo-chean mein yuddh key vipareet, 1954-62 kaa algerian yuddh kaafee hudd taka france key anivarya sainikon aur aarakshit sainikon dwara ladaa gayaa thaa.
uttar-algerian yuddh.
cumm videshi senaa aur spahiyon kii ack resiment koo chhodkar, armi dee 'afric kii sabhi resiments koo 1960 aur 1965 key beach bhang curr diyaa gayaa thaa yaa unaki poorv pehchaan khou dee gaee thee. francisi somaliland mein "infantary leger dee' afric" kii ack chhoti ikai koo 1977 mein usa kshetra key swatantra honey taka banaae rakhaa gayaa thaa. haalaanki, chassers dee 'afric, tirrelliers aur artillery ("68ee resiment dee' artillery dee 'afric") kii ack-ack resiment koo unaki sambandhit shaakhaon kii paramparaon koo banaae rakhane key liye phir seey sthaapit kiya gayaa haye. isake alawa engineeron kii kuchh ikaaiyon ("31e resiment doo jannie"), sanketon ("41e resiment dee transmission") aur parivahan ("511e resiment doo train") koo purani senaa dee 'afric key saath parampara key sambandh diye gaye hain. haalaanki yeye manmaane sambandh prateet hotey hain joe kissy bhee vaastavik resimental nirantarta koo pratibimbit naheen karate hain.
vardi.
africa kii senaa banaane vaali vibhinn shaakhaon kii vardi mein spahiyon, tirailars aur zouves key shandar "tenue oriental" seey laker chassers dee 'afreek, videshi senaa, artillery dee' afreek aur infantary leger dee 'afreek kii samanya francisi sainya poshak shamil thee. halanki baad kii ikaaiyon koo saish, safed kp cover aur (chaisaron key liye) phase jaise vivaranon seey alag kiya gayaa thaa, jisane unhein francisi senaa key shesh hisson seey alag curr diyaa. inmein seey kuchh visheshtaen aaj taka pared dress key roop mein bunny hui hain; vishesh roop seey pahale spahiyon dwara pahane jaane vaale safed kapadon aur laal saish, aur safed kp, kinare vaale appollet aur videshi senaa key neele saish. tirailars kii pahali resiment kaa "fanfair-nauba" (resimental baind) abhee bhee poorna paaramparik "tenue oriental" pahanata haye; jisamen safed pagadi, halke neele zauv shally kii jaiketen shamil hain joe peele, laal saish mein goonthi hui hain aur chaudi halki neeli yaa safed moorish patloon (oopar rangeen tasveer dekhein). khaaki vardi koo apanaane kaa nirnay, baaki senaa key vipareet, joe kshitij neela pahanati thee, pratham vishva yuddh key dauran shuru mein liya gayaa thaa.