gomes eans dee zuraa

gomes eenes dee zuraaraa (see. 1410-see. 1474), kabhi-kabhi eenes yaa azurara likhaa jaataa haye, khoj key europeeya yug kaa ack purtagaali itihaaskaar thaa, joe fernao lopes key baad sabse ullekhaniya thaa.
jeevan aur currier.
zuraaraa ney madhya jeevan mein aksharon key jeevan koo apanaaya. unhone sambhavatah portugal key raajaa edward (1433-1438) key shasankal key dauran ferno lopes key sahayak key roop mein shaahi pustakalaya mein pravesh kiya, aur 1452 mein unake paas iska ekmatra prabhaar thaa. unakaa "gherabandi aur seuta parr kabja karane kaa itihas", joe kii lopes key "raajaa johnn aaee key itihas" kaa ack poorak (teesara bhaag) haye, joe 1449-1450 seey haye, aur teen saal baad unhone "ginny kii khoj aur vijay key itihas" kaa pahala masauda puuraa kiya, joe african tata aur samudra mein khoj key praarambhik purtagaali samudra yaatraon key liye hamara adhikaar thaa, vishesh roop seey rajkumar heinry dha navigator key tatvavdhan mein kiye gaye logon key liye. isamen usa rajkumar key jeevan kaary kaa kuchh vivaran haye, aur isamen jeevani key saath-saath bhaugolik ruchi bhee haye. 
6 juuna 1454 koo, jurara abhilekhagar key mukhya rakhwale aur lopes key uttaradhikar mein shaahi itihaaskaar bunn gaye. 1456 mein raajaa afonso vee ney unhein seuta kaa itihas likhane key liye niyukt kiya, joe poorv kaa bhoomi-dwaar thaa. 1415 mein apane kabje seey 1437 taka, aur usane ise 1463 mein taiyar curr liya thaa. ack saal baad, raajaa ney usey dee key karyon kaa itihas likhane kaa aarop lagaaya. duart dee menezes, alkasar-segger key kaptan. africa kii or badhate hue, unhone ack saal samagri ekatra karane aur una ghatnaaon key drishyon kaa adhyayan karane mein bitaaya jinka unhein varnan karna thaa, aur 1468 mein unhone itihas puuraa kiya. afonso ney snehapurna antarangata key sandarbh mein zuraaraa key saath patrachar kiya, aur masih key crum key teen kamendaon ney unaki saahityik sevaaon koo puraskrit kiya.
zuraaraa mein lopes kii suramya saralata bahut cumm thee, aur vaha uddharanon aur daarshanik pratibimbon dwara apani vidya koo pradarshit karna pasand karate they, yeh darshaate hue kii unhone pahale punarjagaran key prabhaav mein likhaa thaa. kaee pramukh shaastriya, praarambhik isai aur madhyayugeen lekhak unake prishthon mein hain; way europe key ullekhaniya itihas aur prem prasangon seey parichit they aur unhone sarvshreshth italvi aur spanish lekhakon kaa adhyayan kiya thaa. isake alawa, unhone pracheen kaal kii bhaugolik pranali aur unake jyotish mein mahaarat hassil kii thee. ack itihaaskaar key roop mein vaha mehnati, sateek aur kartavyanishth hain, halanki unaki sthiti ney unhein apane naayak, rajkumar heinry key baare mein poori sachchai bataane kii anumati naheen dee.
itihas.
ginny kii khoj aur vijay kaa itihas.
ginny kii khoj aur vijay key itihas" key angreji sanskaran kii prastaavana mein azurara key jeevan aur lekhan kaa puuraa vivaran haye aur sabhi adhikaariyon kaa hawala diyaa gayaa haye.
henrican khojon kaa itihas.
jurara kaa "chronica doss phitos daa ginny" rajkumar heinry dha navigator kii aadhunik avadharana aur purtagaali khojon key heinry yug key liye pramukh aitihaasik srot haye (halanki jurara kewal iska hissa haye, avadhi 1434-1448). swayam heinry dwara likhit, jurara kaa itihas rajkumar kaa khule taur parr charitraatmak haye aur unaki yaadon parr nirbhar haye. natijatan, aadhunik itihaskaron dwara zuraaraa key itihas kii vishvasaniyata koo sandigdh maanaa jaataa haye. phir bhee, itihaskaron koo zuraaraa parr bahut adhik bharosa karna padaa haye.
zuraaraa kaa daavaa haye kii unhone abhiyaanon key apane khaate koo ack nishchit "antonio serveera" dwara sankalit ack adhik vistrit masauda pandulipi parr adharit kiya haye. afsos, serveera key mool khaate kii koee prati kabhi naheen millie haye. zuraaraa kaa apana itihas pandulipi key roop mein banaa rhaa aur sadiyon taka janata kii nazaron seey chhipa rhaa. vaastav mein, 1552 mein joao dee barros key "primira dekada daa esiya" key prakaashan taka, alvis cadamosto (mool roop seey 1507 mein itali mein prakaashit) key dou sankshipt sansmaranon koo chhodkar, henrican khojon key baare mein koee prakaashit kaary naheen they.
joao dee barros ney daavaa kiya kii unhone apane 1552 key khaate kaa nirmaan zuraaraa kii pandulipi kii ack prati key aadhar parr kiya thaa joe unhein abhilekhagar mein bikhare hue millie thee. haalaanki, ack dashak seey thodaa adhik samay baad, demio dee gois (1567 mein lekhan) ney ghoshana kii kii zuraa pandulipi gayab hoe gaee thee. pandulipi kii ack prati kii talash shuru hui, lekin kuchh samay key liye kuchh bhee naheen nikla. spanish maulavi bartolome dee laas kaas ney 1540 key dashak mein likhate hue sujhaav diyaa kii unake paas zuraaraa kii ack prati thee, lekin usa prati koo bhee kabhi track naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
1839 mein hii jurara kii "chronica" kii ack akshunna aur shandar roop seey sanrakshit pandulipi kii prati peris key shaahi pustakalaya (abb bibliothech national dee france) mein ferdinand dennis dwara phir seey khoji gaee thee (yeh kaise samaapt huaa ack rahasya haye). mahatvapurna roop seey, peris codex mein ack kaale bergandian chapron mein ack patali moonchh vaale vyakti key chitra key saath ack frontpeace shamil thaa jise turant rajkumar heinry dha navigator kii bhautik chhavi maanaa gayaa thaa (isase pahale heinry kii koee tasveer naheen thee; peris frontpeace rajkumar kii aadhunik chhaviyon kaa aadhar bunn gayaa, joe anginat pustakon, chitron aur smarakon mein punah prastut kiya gayaa thaa). usa samay france key purtagaali mantri luis antonio dee abreu aeye lima (wiscount dee carrera) ney 1841 mein zuraaraa key "chronica" key pahale prakaashan kii vyavastha kii, jisamen manuel francisco dee massedo lito ee carvalosa (centerum kii wiscount) dwara ack prastaavana aur notes they. prakaashan ack sansani thee, vishesh roop seey jaba portugal taba paschim africa mein haal key anglo-francisi aupaniveshik atikramanon parr ack rajanyik jhagade mein lagaa huaa thaa, jahaan khoj kii prathamikta key prashn shamil they (jisamen santarem ney yogdan diyaa thaa.)
1845 mein jey dwara ack doosari pandulipi kii prati jald hii millie.aeye. munich mein hoff-unda stats-bibliothech mein schmeller (codex hisp. 27), mool roop seey 1508 mein ack lisban-adharit german printer dwara sankalit purtagaali abhiyaanon key vividh khaaton key sangrah key hisse key roop mein jise valentinus morawas (yaa purtagaali mein, "valentim fernandes" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, iss sanskaran mein kewal bahut adhik sankshipt ark hain.
aage padhein.
zuraaraa key karyon mein shamil hainh
sandarbh.
attributionh

