
chadhaai kii deewaar

chadhaai kii deewaar ack kritrim roop seey nirmit deewaar haye jisamen haathon aur pairon key liye pakad hoti haye, aamtaur parr indor chadhaai key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye, lekin kabhi-kabhi baahar sthit hotaa haye. kuchh eent yaa lakadi key nirmaan hain, lekin adhikansh aadhunik divaaron parr, aksar upayog kii jaane vaali samagri ack motee bahustariya putt haye jisamen chhed kiye jaate hain. haal hii mein nirmit ispat aur aluminium kaa bhee upayog kiya gayaa haye. deewaar mein bell rassiyon koo jodane key liye jagah hoe sakati haye, lekin iska upayog seesa chadhaai yaa bouldering kaa abhyaas karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye.
pratyek chhed mein ack vishesh roop seey gathit tii-nutt hotaa haye jisase modular climbing hold koo deewaar parr kharaab kiya jaa sakey. nirmit ispat yaa aluminium kii divaaron key saath, ack engineer audyogik fastner kaa upayog chadhaai hold koo surakshit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. multiplexes board chadhaai kii satah kaa chehra concreet aur pent yaa rait seey bharey polyurethane sahit banaavat vaale utpaadon seey dhakaa hotaa haye. banaavat vaali satah aur haath pakad key alawa, deewaar mein satah sanrachanaaen jaise indention (incuts) aur protrution (ubhaar) hoe sakati hain, yaa ack overhang, underhang yaa daraar kaa roop leey sakati hain.
kuchh pakad baahari chattan kii sthitiyon kii nakal karane key liye banaai jaati hain, jinamen seey kuchh badey aakar key hotey hain aur una parr anya pakad hoe sakati hain.
itihas.
sabse purani kritrim chadhaai kii deevaaren aam taur parr chhote concreet key chehare they, jinamen haath pakadane key liye madhyam aakar kii chattanon seey baney protrution they. ciatal mein sherman rock, vaa koo kuchh logon dwara sanyukt raajya america mein pahali kritrim chadhaai sanrachana maanaa jaataa haye, jiska nirmaan 1939 mein kiya gayaa thaa.
duniya kii pahali kritrim chadhaai deewaar 1937 mein belgium key raajaa leopold III dwara unake mahal key paas banaai gaee deewaar prateet hoti haye. iska dastavejikaran maark sebil ney apani pustak bell 'wall mein kiya thaa.
aadhunik kritrim chadhaai deewaar kii shuruat britten mein hui. pahali deewaar 1964 mein donn robbinson dwara banaai gaee thee, joe leads vishvavidyalaya mein shaaririk shiksha key ack vyakhyata they, ack galiyare kii deewaar mein chattan key tukade dalkar. britten mein pahali vaanijyik deewaar, foundry climbing center, 1991 mein schafield mein banaaya gayaa thaa, joe paaramparik roop seey choti jile seey nikatata key kaaran ingland kaa chadhaai kaa kendra thaa.
sanyukt raajya america mein pahala indor climbing zim 1987 mein ciatal mein vertical worled dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. brussels (belgium) key kendra mein terre nyuv 1987 mein bhee khola gayaa thaa. yeh spasht naheen haye kii kaun saa zim pahale khola gayaa thaa. 
deewaar key prakaar.
sabse saral prakaar kii deewaar plywood nirmaan kii haye, jise aam bolchal kii bhasha mein chadhaai samudaay mein 'woody' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen boult-onn hold yaa screw-onn hold kaa sanyojan hotaa haye. boult-onn holds koo lohe key boult key saath ack deewaar parr lagaaya jaataa haye joe hold key madhyam seey daala jaataa haye, jisamen vishisht boult bindu honge, aur phir deewaar mein poorv-aavantit pench-threaded chhed mein lagaaya jaataa haye. isake vipareet, pench-onn hold aamtaur parr unake fixing kii prakriti key kaaran bahut chhote hotey hain. yeye pattiyan deewaar seey shikanja dwara judee hoti hain, jinhen deewaar kii satah parr kaheen bhee lagaaya jaa sakata haye.
kuchh anya prakaar kii divaaron mein grenite key slab, taar key jaal parr chhidka gayaa concreet, poorv nirmit fiber glass panel, badey pedh, nirmit steel aur aluminium panel, banaavat vaale fiber glass kii deevaaren aur havaa mein chadhane yogya shamil hain. ack nayaa navachar ghoomane vaali chadhaai kii deewaar haih ack yaantrik, gatishil deewaar joe aapke chadhaai seey mell khaane key liye trademill kii tarah ghoomati haye.
indor chadhaai.
indor climbing kritrim sanrachanaon parr kii jaane vaali rock climbing kaa ack teji seey lokpriya roop haye joe baahari chattan key anubhav kii nakal karane kaa prayaas kartaa haye. uttari america mein pahala indor climbing zim, seatle mein vertical worled, 1987 mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. duniya key pahale indor climbing holl kaa udghaatan brussels, belgium mein 16 maee, 1987 koo isabelle dorsimond aur maark bott dwara kiya gayaa thaa.
terrus neurovs ney tii-nuts seey susajjit poorv-drill plywood divaaron kii avadharana koo ekikrit kiya, jaisa kii 1986 mein brussels sthit firm alpin dwara vikasit kiya gayaa thaa. piyare dee 'hennes iss pranali key aavishkaarak hain, jiska upayog abb duniya bhar mein sabhi chadhaai deewaar nirmaataon dwara kiya jaataa haye. terrus tantrika tantrika aaj bhee lagbhag aparivartit roop mein maujood haye.
pahali bheetari deevaaren mukhya roop seey eent seey bunny theen, joe deewaar kii khadeepan aur haath kii pakad kii vividhata koo seemit karati theen. haal hii mein, indor climbing ilaake kaa nirmaan dhaatu key frame parr plywood seey kiya jaataa haye, jisamen plastic key haathon aur pairon key tala parr boult hotey hain, aur kabhi-kabhi chattan key chehare kaa anukaran karane key liye banaavat key saath spray-lepit hotaa haye.
adhikansh chadhaai pratiyogitaaen chadhaai zim mein aayojit kii jaati hain, jisase way indor chadhaai kaa hissa bunn jaati hain.
baahari chadhaai kii tulanaa mein.
indor aur outdoor chadhaai takneekon, shally aur upkaranon mein bhinn hoe sakati haye. kritrim divaaron parr chadhana, vishesh roop seey ghar key ander, bahut surakshit haye kyonki lunger bindu aur hold adhik majbooti seey taya kiye jaa sakate hain, aur paryavaraniya sthitiyon koo niyantrit kiya jaa sakata haye. indor chadhaai key dauran, praakritik divaaron key vipareet hold aasaani seey dikhaai dete hain jahaan ack achchi pakad yaa pair jamaane kii koshish karna ack chunauti hoe sakati haye. kritrim divaaron parr parvatarohi kuchh hudd taka maarg setter dwara taiyar kiye gaye hold taka seemit hotey hain, jabaki praakritik divaaron parr way deewaar kii satah mein harr dhalaan yaa daraar kaa upayog curr sakate hain. chadhaai kii divaaron parr kuchh vishisht chattan sanrachanaon kaa anukaran karna mushkil hoe sakata haye.
nirmaan.
sabse aam nirmaan vidhi mein lakadi key boardon parr haath aur pair koo pakad curr raal koo pakadana shamil haye. pattiyan alag-alag oonchaai aur khadee hoe sakati hain (poori tarah seey kshaitij 'chhaton' seey laker nikat-urdhvaadhar 'slab' taka) jisamen hold kaa mishran judaa hoe. yeye bahut chhote 'crimps', aur 'pinch', aur tirchhe satah vaale 'sloppers' seey laker 'jug' taka bhinn hoe sakate hain, joe aksar badey aur pakadane mein aasaan hotey hain. iss vividhata key saath-saath chadhaai koo deewaar parr naee sthitiyon mein sthanantarit karane kii kshamata key parinamswarup indor chadhaai ack bahut hii lokpriya khel bunn gayaa haye.
upkaran.
indor climbing key dauran uchit chadhaai upkaran kaa upayog kiya jaanaa chaahiye.
adhikansh chadhaai zim harness, rassiyaan aur bell upkaran pradaan karate hain. kuchh loga chadhaai key joote aur chaak bagg bhee udhaar dete hain. kuchh chadhaai jimon mein havaa mein chaak kii dhool koo cumm karane key liye chaak key gole (dheele chaak key vipareet) kaa upayog karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye aur jaba ack chaak bagg koo oopar yaa oopar rakhaa jaataa haye tou chaak ris jaataa haye. havaa mein chaak koo cumm karane seey ventilation system koo avaruddh honey seey bachane mein madad milati haye aur cumm urdhvaadhar satahon parr jamaa honey vaali dhool koo cumm kartaa haye.
maarg aur shrenikaran.
hold vibhinn rangon mein aatey hain, ack hii rung key unakaa upayog aksar ack maarg koo darshaane key liye kiya jaataa haye, jisase vibhinn kathinaaee staron key maargon koo ack dusare parr aachchhaadit kiya jaa sakata haye. chadhaai key dauran rakhe gaye rangeen tape ack aur tarika haye jiska upayog aksar vibhinn chadhaai maargon koo chihnit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. kissy diye gaye maarg kaa prayaas karane mein, ack parvatarohi koo kewal nirdisht rung kii pakad kaa upayog karane kii anumati haye, lekin aamtaur parr usey nirdhaarit rung aur satah sanrachanaon key pakad aur pair donon kaa upayog karane kii anumati haye aur pair key roop mein "chattan key tala" kii banaavat kaa upayog karane kii anumati haye.
maarg kaa shreni (kathinaaee) aamtaur parr maarg key nirdharankarta aur maarg parr chadhane vaale pahale kuchh logon key beach ack sarvasammati nirnay hotaa haye. kaee indor chadhaai kii divaaron mein aise loga hotey hain jinhen inn vibhinn chadhaai maargon koo nirdhaarit karane key liye niyukt kiya jaataa haye. inn logon koo maarg nirdhaarit karane vaale yaa pathyakram nirdhaarit karane vaale kahaa jaataa haye. choonki indor climbing divaaron kaa upayog aksar parvatarohiyon kii kshamata key vikas kii jaanch karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, isaliye chadhaai rung-kodit hoti haye.
pratyek zim mein chadhaai key liye ack "nirdisht" maarg hotaa haye, jise "maarg" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. pratyek maarg koo yaa tou tape key ack ingit tukade yaa chadhaai kii ack ekavarni pranali dwara alag kiya jaataa haye. yadi maarg koo tape kiya jaataa haye, tou nirdisht maarg parr pratyek hold mein ack hii rung kii tape hogi, joe darshaati haye kii kaun saa pakad yaa kadam rakhane key liye pakadata haye. kuchh nae zim ekvarniya pranali mein parivartit hoe gaye hainh maarg sanketkon key roop mein rangeen tape kaa upayog karane key bajaay, yeh pranali rangeen chadhaai hold kaa upayog karati haye. pratyek ekvarniya maarg koo ack sambandhit rung key hold kaa upayog karke nirdhaarit kiya jaataa haye; iss prakaar, parvatarohi poore maarg mein ack hii rung key hold kaa paalan karate hain.
maarg-nirdhaaran ack ranneetik, takniki aur majedar tareeke seey chadhaai holds koo rakhane key madhyam seey maargon kaa design haye joe nirdhaarit kartaa haye kii maarg kaise pravaahit hoga. sthaapana key saath kaee alag-alag takneeken shamil hain, aur yogya logon koo 5 star taka pramanan pradaan kiye jaate hain. maarg setting koo indor climbing kii pichhali huddy key roop mein paribhaashit kiya jaa sakata haye; maargon key ack mahaan sett key binaa, ack zim aasaani seey parvatarohiyon kaa ack achchha bhandar rakhane kii ummeed naheen curr sakata haye.

