
glycomics

glycomics glycum (sharkara kaa puuraa poorak, chaahe vaha mukt hoe yaa kissy jeev key adhik jatil anuon mein maujood hoe) kaa vyaapak adhyayan haye, jisamen aanuvanshik, shaaririk, rogvigyaan aur anya pahalu shamil hain. glycomics "kissy diye gaye koshika prakaar yaa jeev kii sabhi glycan sanrachanaon kaa vyavasthit adhyayan haye" aur glycobiology kaa ack upasamuchchay haye. glycomics shabd mithaas yaa cheeni key liye rasayanik upsarg, "glyco-" seey liya gayaa haye aur genomics (joe jeane seey sambandhit haye) aur proteomics (joe protein seey sambandhit haye) dwara sthaapit "omics" namkaran parampara kaa paalan karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa.
chunauti.
shodh key iss kshetra koo jatilata key antarnihit star seey nipatna hoga joe anuprayukt jeev vigyaan key anya kshetron mein naheen dekhaa gayaa haye. 68 nirmaan khand (dee. aine. aeye., aar. aine. aeye. aur protein key liye anu; lipid key liye shreniyaan; saccharide key liye cheeni key sanyojan key prakaar) aanvik nritya nirdeshan key liye sanrachanaatmak aadhar pradaan karate hain joe ack koshika key poore jeevan kaa gathan kartaa haye. dee. aine. aeye. aur aar. aine. aeye. mein chaar nirmaan khand hotey hain (nucleoside yaa nucleotides). ketoacil aur isoprene key aadhar parr lipid koo aathh shreniyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye. protein mein 20 (amino acid) hotey hain. saccharide mein 32 prakaar key cheeni sambandh hotey hain. jabaki inn nirmaan khandon koo kewal protein aur jeane key liye raikhik roop seey jodaa jaa sakata haye, unhein saccharide key liye ack shakha shrinkhala mein vyavasthit kiya jaa sakata haye, jisase jatilata kii degree aur badh jaati haye.
isamen shamil kaee proteins kii jatilata koo jodein, naa kewal carbohydrate, glycoprotein key vaahak key roop mein, balki protein vishesh roop seey carbohydrate key saath bandhan aur pratikriya mein shamil hainh
mahatva.
iss prashn kaa uttar dene key liye glycane key vibhinn aur mahatvapurna karyon koo jaanana chaahiye. nimnalikhit kuchh kaary hainh
glycomics key pahaluon key mahatvapurna chikitsa anuprayog hainh
sookshm jeev vigyaan mein glycomics vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna haye kyonki glycane jeevaanu shareer vigyaan mein vividh bhoomika nibhaate hain. bacterial glycomics mein anusandhaan seey nimnalikhit kaa vikas hoe sakata haih
upayog kiye gaye upkaran.
glycane vishleshan mein aamtaur parr upayog kii jaane vaali takneekon key udaaharan nimnalikhit hain.
uchch-resolution dravyamaan spectrometry (ms) aur uchch-pradarshan taral chromatography (hpc).
sabse adhik prayukt vidhiyaan ms aur aich. pee. ell. see. hain, jinamen glycane bhaag koo lakshya seey enzyme yaa rasayanik roop seey vibhajit kiya jaataa haye aur vishleshan key adheen kiya jaataa haye. glycolipids key mamle mein, lipid ghatak koo alag kiye binaa unakaa seedhe vishleshan kiya jaa sakata haye.
glycoprotein seey aine-glycane kaa niyamit roop seey uchch-pradarshan-taral-varna-chitran (vipareet charan, samanya charan aur aayan vinimay aich. pee. ell. see.) dwara ack pratideepti yaugik (reductive labeling) key saath sharkara key ghatate anta koo tagg karane key baad vishleshan kiya jaataa haye.
haal key varshon mein vibhinn lebalon kii ack badee vividhata pesh kii gaee, jahaan 2-aminobenzamide (aeye. bee.), anthronylic acid (aeye. aeye.), 2-aminopyridine (pee. aeye.), 2-aminoacridone (aeye. aim. aeye. see.) aur 3-(acetylamino)-6-aminoacridine (aeye. aeye. aeye. see.) unamen seey kuchh hii hain.
oh-glycane kaa vishleshan aamtaur parr binaa kissy tagg key kiya jaataa haye, kyonki rasayanik release kii sthiti unhein label kiye jaane seey rokti haye.
uchch-pradarshan taral chromatography (aich. pee. ell. see.) upkaranon seey bhinn glycane kaa aage sanrachana aur shuddhata key baare mein adhik jaankaari praapt karane key liye maldi-toff-aim. aiss. (ms.) dwara vishleshan kiya jaa sakata haye. kabhi-kabhi glycane pool kaa vishleshan binaa kissy poorv-vikhandan key seedhe dravyamaan spectrometry dwara kiya jaataa haye, halanki samasthaanik glycan sanrachanaon key beach bhedbhaav adhik chunautipurna hotaa haye yaa hamesha sambhav bhee naheen hotaa haye. vaise bhee, seedhe muldy-toff-aim. aiss. vishleshan seey glycan pool kaa ack tez aur seedha chitran hoe sakata haye.
haal key varshon mein, badey paimaane parr spectrometry key saath uchch pradarshan vaali taral chromatography online bahut lokpriya hoe gaee. taral chromatography key liye ack sthir charan key roop mein chhidrapurna graphitic carbon kaa chayan karke, gair vyutpann glycane kaa bhee vishleshan kiya jaa sakata haye. iss anuprayog key liye aksar electrospre aayaneekaran (ee. aiss. aaee.) kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye.
bahu pratikriya nigrani (aim. aar. aim.).
halanki aim. aar. aim. kaa upayog chayapachaya aur proteomics mein badey paimaane parr kiya gayaa haye, isaki uchch samvedansheelta aur ack vistrit gatishil seema parr raikhik pratikriya ise vishesh roop seey glycan biomarker anusandhaan aur khoj key liye upayukt banaati haye. aim. aar. aim. ack triple quadrupol (kyu. kyu. kyu. kyu.) upkaran parr kiya jaataa haye, joe pahale quadrupol mein ack poorv nirdhaarit poorvavarti aayan, takraav quadrupol mein ack khandit, aur teesare quadrupol mein ack poorv nirdhaarit khand aayan kaa pataa lagaane key liye sett kiya jaataa haye. yeh ack gair-scanning takneek haye, jisamen pratyek sankraman kaa vyaktigat roop seey pataa lagaaya jaataa haye aur kaee sankramanon kaa pataa lagaana kartavya chakron mein samvarti roop seey hotaa haye. iss takneek kaa upayog pratiraksha glycum koo chihnit karane key liye kiya jaa rhaa haye.
talika 1: glycan vishleshan mein dravyamaan spectrometry key laabh aur nuksan
sarani.
lectin aur antibody sarani glycane vaale kaee namoonon kii uchch-utpaadan jaanch pradaan karate hain. yeh vidhi yaa tou praakritik roop seey honey vaale lectin yaa kritrim monoclonal antibody kaa upayog karati haye, jahaan donon koo ack nishchit chip parr sthir kiya jaataa haye aur ack fluorescent glycoprotein namoone key saath ushmaayit kiya jaataa haye.
karyatmak glycomics aur jaid biotech llc key liye sangh dwara pradaan kii gaee glycane sarani mein carbohydrate yaugik hotey hain jinhen carbohydrate vishishtata koo paribhaashit karane aur ligand kii pehchaan karane key liye lectin yaa antibody key saath jancha jaa sakata haye.
glycane kii chayapachaya aur sahsanyojak labeling.
glycane sanrachanaon kaa pataa lagaane key tareeke key roop mein glycane key chayapachaya labeling kaa upayog kiya jaa sakata haye. ack prasiddh ranneeti mein azide-label vaali sharkara kaa upayog shamil haye jise staudinger bandhan kaa upayog karke pratikriya dee jaa sakati haye. iss vidhi kaa upayog inn vitro aur glycanes kii vivo imaging key liye kiya gayaa haye.
glycoprotein key liye upkaran.
jatil glycane key poorna sanrachanaatmak vishleshan key liye aiks-ray chrystallography aur nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy ack kathin aur jatil kshetra haye. haalaanki, kaee lectin, enzyme aur anya carbohydrate-binding protein key bandhan sthal kii sanrachana ney glycum kaary key liye sanrachanaatmak aadhar kii ack vistrit vividhata kaa khulasa kiya haye. pareekshan namoonon kii shuddhata chromatography (affinity chromatography aadi) key madhyam seey praapt kii gaee haye.) aur vishleshanatmak electrophoresis (prishth (polyacrylamide electrophoresis), keshika electrophoresis, affinity electrophoresis, aadi.).
software aur databases.
glycomic anusandhaan key liye kaee online software aur databases upalabdh hain. isamen shamil hainh

