carlos castenada (itihaaskaar)

carlos castenada (11 navambar 1896-3 aprail 1958) ack itihaaskaar they, joe texas key itihas mein visheshagyata rakhate they, aur maxican-amerikiyon key liye nagrik adhikaaron key liye ack netaa they.
mexico mein janme, castenada 1908 mein apane parivaar key saath sanyukt raajya america chaley gaye. unhone austin mein texas vishvavidyalaya seey itihas mein snaatak aur master kii degree praapt kii, aur phir villium aur mairi key college mein spanish padhaane mein kaee saal bitaaye. castenada 1927 mein texas laut aae, texas vishvavidyalaya mein lattin americi sangrah key pahale curator key roop mein seva karate hue. jaba unhone ack librarian key roop mein kaam kiya, taba castenada ney itihas mein doctorate kii upaadhi praapt kii, joe unhone antatah 1932 mein arjit kii.
ack itihaaskaar key roop mein castenada kaa kaam spanish seemavarti kshetron, vishesh roop seey texas parr kendrit thaa. unhone texas aur dakshin-paschimi sanyukt raajya america mein jeevan parr pahale seey agyaat dastavejon koo khojane aur unaki pratilipi banaane key liye mexico mein vibhinn abhilekhagaron kii khoj kii. texas mein catholic itihas key dastavejikaran mein unake kaam key liye, castenada koo pavitra kabr kaa ack shurveer aur spen key catholic isabella key crum mein ack shurveer commander naamit kiya gayaa thaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran, castenada ney texas vishvavidyalaya mein apane shikshan pada seey anupasthiti kii chhutti lii taaki way nishpaksh rojgar pratha samiti key liye ack anveshak key roop mein kaam curr sakein. unhone maxican-amerikiyon key liye samaan adhikaaron kii vakaalat kii, aur 1946 mein aff. ee. pee. see. dakshin-paschim kshetra key kshetriya nideshak key roop mein padonnat kiye gaye.
texas vishvavidyalaya mein perry-castenada pustakalaya kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
praarambhik varsh.
carlos aduardo castenada kaa janm 11 navambar, 1896 koo camargo, mexico mein huaa thaa, joe saat bhaai-bahanon mein seey ack they, joe ack professor key ghar paida hue they, joe matamoros mein saine juan college mein kaam karate they. parivaar 1908 mein brounsville, texas chalaa gayaa aur usake turant baad usake maataa-pitaa kii mrityu hoe gaee. apani snaatak kaksha mein ekmatra maxican-americi chhaatr, castenada ney khud koo 1916 key brounsville hyee school kaksha key valedictorian key roop mein pratishthit kiya. unhone austin mein texas vishvavidyalaya mein chhatravritti arjit kii, jahan unhone shuru mein sivil engineering kaa adhyayan kiya. pramukh itihaaskaar eugene campbelle barker key liye kaam karane key baad, castenada ney itihas key prati prem kii khoj kii aur apane pramukh koo badal diyaa. unhone 1921 mein itihas mein apana beee praapt kiya. usa varsh disambar key anta mein, castenada ney apane bachpan key dost elissa reos seey shaadi kii. unaki betty, irma gloria, kaa janm agale varsh huaa.
agale dou varshon key liye, castenada ney itihas mein apani master degree hassil kii, jabaki ack hyee school spanish shikshak key roop mein bhee kaam kiya. apane master key thesis key liye, castenada ney bexer county mein sthit spanish aur maxican dastavejon kaa ack vistrit soochkaank sankalit kiya, jahan saine antonio sthit haye. unake kaam koo achchi tarah seey praapt kiya gayaa thaa; itihaaskaar herbert eugene bolton ney sweekaar kiya kii castenada ney kuchh mahatvapurna dastavejon kii khoj kii thee. unhone 1923 mein texas vishvavidyalaya seey itihas mein master degree praapt kii.
itihaaskaar.
1923 seey 1926 taka, castenada villium aur mairi college mein ack sahayogi professor they, jahan unhone spanish padhaaya. disambar 1923 mein, unhone gibbons club kii sthaapana mein madad kii, joe ack chhaatr sangathan thaa joe ravivaar key liye aavantit kiye jaane vaale newport samachar seey ack catholic pujari key liye andolan curr rhaa thaa, kyonki williamsburg mein koee pujari yaa parrish naheen they. antatah, club kii gatividhiyon ney sant bede parrish kii sthaapana kii, ack chappel banaaya joe abb hamari mahila walsingham kaa rashtriya mandir haye. halanki castenada koo shikshan kaa anand milata thaa, lekin vaha apane grih raajya seey chook gaye aur texas key itihas parr dhyaan kendrit karna chaahte they. vaha lautane key avsaron kii talash karane lagaa.
texas mein, 1936 key texas shatabdi kii taiyari pahale seey hii chala rahee thee, joe mexico seey swatantrata kii sauvin varshgaanth koo chihnit karegi. columbus key shurveeron key texas pratinidhimandal ney texas mein catholic church key vidwan itihas koo vittaposhit karane kaa faisala kiya, jise shatabdi key liye prakaashit kiya jaayega. texas mein columbus key shurveeron kaa sir, joseph I. driscoll ney castenada koo vishal pariyojana taka pahunchane key tarikon kaa sujhaav dene key liye aamantrit kiya. apani pratikriya mein, castenada ney sujhaav diyaa kii kaam koo praayojit karane vaali samiti antim prakaashan key liye upayukt praathamik sroton koo ikattha karane key liye ack ekal vyakti koo niyukt karey. unhone madad karane key liye apana samay swechha seey diyaa, yeh dekhate hue kii vaha usa garmi mein mexico shahar mein padhaane kii yojana banaa rahey they, aur tippani karate hue kii "main texas vishvavidyalaya kaa snaatak huun, aur halanki janm seey ack maxican huun, mujhe lagata haye kii main ack texas kii aatma huun."driscoll ney jaankaari ekatra karane key liye castenada koo turant adhikrit curr diyaa.
castenada koo saine antonio key vishvavidyalaya junier college mein ack asthaayi pada key liye ack prastaav milaa, lekin adhik sthaayi rojgar praapt karane key liye ise aswikar curr diyaa. unhein jald hii apane alma matter mein nae sthaapit lattin americi sangrah kaa curator niyukt kiya gayaa, 1927 mein naukari kii shuruat kii. unhone dinn mein kewal saat ghante key kaary divas parr baatchit kii, jisase unhein apani pariyojanaon parr kaam karane aur doctorate kii degree hassil karane kaa samay milaa. juan almonte kii texas parr saankhyikiya report, 1834 key unake anuvaad key baad, 1927 mein "dakshin-paschimi aitihaasik timahi" mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, unhein texas raajya aitihaasik sangh kaa ack sadasya naamit kiya gayaa thaa. varsh key dauran, unhone kaee pustakon kaa anuvaad aur sampadan kiya, aur itihas mein doctorate kii disha mein bhee kaam karna shuru kiya.
1929 mein, castenada ney spanish aur maxican shasson key dauran texas key itihas seey sambandhit dastavejon kii ack sampatti kii khoj kohuila aur newo leone key maxican raajyon key abhilekhagar mein kii. barker aur bolton sahit pahale key itihaskaron ney yaa tou abhilekhon kii andekhi kii thee yaa texas mein itihaskaron dwara upayog key liye jaankaari kii pratilipi banaane mein whiffle rahey they. castenada kaa irada kohuila vaaee teja key nishkriya maxican raajya kii rajdhani saltillo mein abhilekhagar seey jaankaari kii photocopy karna thaa, yeh dekhate hue kii yeh "texas key itihas key liye mahatvapurna prakriti kaa kadam haye. sanyukt raajya america lautane key turant baad, castenada kii chhah saal kii betty gloria kii mastishkshoth seey mrityu hoe gaee.
castenada koo snaatak kakshaon key antim varsh key liye kisan foundation seey chhatravritti millie, jisase unaki kuchh vittiya chintaon mein kamee aaee. jaba unhone apana pathyakram puuraa karane key liye kaam kiya, taba castenada ney "lattin america aur sanyukt raajya america" key parche kaa spanish mein anuvaad kiya, taaki night off columbus koo vitarit kiya jaa sakey. apani pariksha utteern karane key baad, castenada ney chhatravritti key liye phir seey aavedan kiya taaki vaha apane shodh prabandh parr kaam curr sakein. way poore 1930 mein vyast rahey, maxican abhilekhagar seey dastavejon kii ack matra kaa sampadan karate hue, "laa gyura dee reformah segun ell archivo dell general dee. manual doblado, 1857-1860 ".
aprail 1930 mein, castenada mexico shahar mein socidad dee geographia vaaee astadistica mein shamil hoe gaye. vahaan rahate hue, unhone paaya kii mexico key rashtriya pustakalaya mein abb nae spen mein franciscan crum key abhilekhagar rakhe gaye hain. ack twarit avalokan ney 500,000 seey adhik prishthon key nae dastavejon kaa khulasa kiya, jinamen seey kaee texas parr charcha curr rahey they.
castenada ney 1932 mein texas vishvavidyalaya seey doctorate kii upaadhi praapt kii; unakaa shodh prabandh 1779 mein frai juan augustin morphy dwara likhit ack pustak kaa anuvaad thaa, "relacion geographica ee historica dee laa provincia dee texas oh newas philipinas". morphy key kaam koo taba taka khoya huaa maanaa jaataa thaa jaba taka kii castenada ney franciscan abhilekhagar mein ack prati kii khoj naheen kii. usee varsh, castenada key dusare bachche, consula kaa janm huaa.
kadwa kii unakaa vetan unake gair-maxican samkakshon kii tulanaa mein cumm thaa, castenada ney 1933 mein texas vishvavidyalaya chhod diyaa, aur texas key dell riyo mein schools key adheekshak key roop mein naukari sweekaar kii. vaha naukari kewal ack saal taka chully, jaba gorey maataa-pitaa ney ack maxican-janme adheekshak key saath aprasannata vyakt kii. way 1936 mein texas vishvavidyalaya mein ack sahayogi professor key roop mein laute aur 1946 mein unhein poorna professor key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa. 1942 taka, unhone 1519 seey 1810 key varshon koo cover karate hue "hamari catholic viraasat" key paanch khandon koo puuraa curr liya thaa. antim dou khand, 1810 seey 1950 taka key samay koo cover karate hue, 1948 aur 1958 mein prakaashit hue they.
karyakarta.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran sainya seva key liye swayamsevi honey key liye bahut purana, castenada ney isake bajaay nishpaksh rojgar pratha samiti (fepc) key saath ack niyukti kaa anurodh kiya. 1943 seey 1946 taka unhone apane spanish aur ashweton key khilaf bhedbhaav kii jaanch karate hue dalla karyalaya mein seva kii. farwari 1945 mein, unhein texas, nyu maxico aur arizona raajyon koo cover karate hue kshetriya nideshak key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa. apane karyakal key dauran, castenada ney huston mahanagariya kshetra mein tail refineries koo sambhala. maxican-americi shramikon ney shikayat kii thee kii unhein apane gorey samkakshon kii tulanaa mein cumm bhugtan kiya jaataa thaa, padonnati taka unaki koee pahunch naheen thee, aur rangeen logon key liye chihnit suvidhaon kaa upayog karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa. khol tail key prati teekhi pratikriya mein, castenada ney bataaya kii maxican koo kanuni roop seey safed key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, aur raajya key kaanoon, "tathya key roop mein khedjanak", safed aur kaale key liye alag awas parr jore dete they. maxican logon seey rangeen kshetron kaa upayog karaane seey, company kaanoon kaa ullanghan curr rahee thee. shale aur union donon ney sweekaar kiya kii neetiyon ney kaanoon kaa ullanghan kiya haye, lekin yeh banaae rakhaa kii yadi way iska paalan karna chunate hain tou way ack pratispardhi nuksan mein honge; harr baar jaba company ney maxican-americi shramikon koo badhaava dene kaa prayaas kiya, tou gorey shramik hadtaal parr chaley gaye.
castenada 1946 mein texas vishvavidyalaya mein laut aae.
3 aprail, 1958 koo unakaa nidhan hoe gayaa. unake vyaktigat shodh patra texas vishvavidyalaya mein aayojit kiye jaate hain.
maanyata aur sammaan.
castenada ney 1939 mein americi catholic aitihaasik sangh key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya. way mexico aur sanyukt raajya america key itihaskaron kii pahali aur doosari congress mein bhee atyadhik shamil they. texas vishvavidyalaya mein perry-castenada pustakalaya kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
catholic itihas parr unake kaam key liye, castenada koo catholic church dwara pavitra kabr kaa ack shurveer aur spen key catholic isabella key crum mein ack shurveer commander naamit kiya gayaa thaa. unhein catholic university off america dwara maanad ell. ell. dee. kii upaadhi pradaan kii gaee thee aur 1951 mein unhein america kaa seraa puraskar diyaa gayaa thaa.
unaki mrityu parr, itihaaskaar jey. lloyd mecham ney ghoshana kii kii castenada "lattin americi itihas key kshetra mein hamaare sabse pratishthit aur utpaadak vidvaanon aur shikshakon mein seey ack they. dakshin mein dharm kii granth soochi" mein kahaa gayaa haye kii texas mein roman kaitholikwad kaa castenada kaa itihas "kissy bhee raajya mein usa parampara kaa sabse vyaapak aur sabse aitihaasik roop seey thhos vishleshan haye.
lekhan kaa vishleshan.
vidwan mario tii. garcia ney castenada key aitihaasik karyon koo "itihas key ack ashawadi aur sakaratmak drishtikon" key roop mein varnit kiya. unaki pustakon ney maanaa kii europeeya sanskriti aur catholic dharm kaa prasaar uttari america key liye sakaratmak pragati thee. garcia key anusaar, castenada kii "itihas kii naitik vyakhya" faasivaad aur loktantra key beach dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii ladaai seey prabhaavit thee. garcia bataati haye kii castenada ney uttari america mein spanish itihas key nakaratmak prabhaav koo nazarandaj curr diyaa, vishesh roop seey bhaartiyon key spanish vyavhaar mein.
yug key kaee itihaskaron key vipareet, castenada ney uttari america mein spanish-maxican aur anglo-americi paramparaon key beach samaantaon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya. yeh usa samay key maxican-americi netaaon key beach ack aam ravaiya thaa. herbert eugene bolton key ack shishya, castenada kaa maanana thaa kii americi itihas mein kewal anglos key itihas seey kaheen adhik shamil haye, kii ise kewal dakshin-paschim kii spanish aur maxican jadon key sandarbh mein samajha jaa sakata haye. texas key itihas key sandarbh mein, castenada americi itihaskaron key paaramparik drishtikon kii atyadhik aalochana karate they, jinhone anglos key aagaman seey pahale texas mein sabhi ghatnaaon koo nazarandaj curr diyaa thaa. isake alawa, unhone texas kranti key liye apanaae gaye drishtikon koo sanshodhit karane kii maang kii. americi itihaskaron ney yuddh mein anglo kii uplabdhiyon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya aur maxican parr anglo kii jeet parr jore diyaa, ack aisaa ravaiya joe castenada ney kahaa kii "aaj texas mein maxican key prati ravaiye koo aadhar banaane vaale shreshthata parisar key liye kaafee hudd taka jimmedaar thaa. castenada ney itihaskaron seey aagrah kiya kii way usa prabhaav parr dhyaan kendrit karein joe texas key maxican-janme nagrikon "tejanos" ney kranti parr daala thaa. bhashanon mein, unhone kranti kii taxus senaa kii tulanaa dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii sahayogi taakton seey kii, joe swatantrata key liye ladane vaale kaee jaatiyataon seey banaa thaa.
castenada ney maxican-amerikiyon key khilaf bhedbhaav parr charcha karate hue kaee nibandh likhe. unhone maxican key anaupchaarik vargeekaran parr charcha kii "gair-safed" key roop mein lekin "rangeen" key roop mein naheen, jiska upayog aam taur parr nasleeya bhedbhaav key uddeshyon key liye kiya jaataa thaa. unake nibandhon mein iss baat parr jore diyaa gayaa kii maxican texas aur dakshin-paschimi sanyukt raajya key baaki hisson mein anglos kii tulanaa mein bahut lambe samay seey they, aur usa itihas key kaaran unhein poori tarah seey safed maane jaane vaalon kii tulanaa mein adhik americi maanaa jaa sakata thaa. unhone aarthik bhedbhaav parr hamla kiya, jisamen maxican logon koo usee kaam key liye goron seey cumm bhugtan kiya jaataa thaa. ack samadhan key roop mein, castenada ney maxican-amerikiyon key liye shaikshik avsaron mein vriddhi aur nishpaksh rojgar pratha aayog kii nirantarta kii vakaalat kii.

