
jey. rufus bratton

james rufus bratton (1821-1897) ack doctor, senaa sarjan, nagrik netaa aur dakshin carolina mein koo clux clan mein netaa they, jinake saath way kaee apraadhon koo karane key doshi they. bratton ney 1840 key dashak mein philadelphia mein chikitsa mein prashikshan liya lekin apana adhikansh jeevan yorkville, dakshin carolina mein bitaaya. way americi grihyuddh key shuruati maheene, aprail 1861 mein ack sahayak shalya chikitsak key roop mein sangh kii senaa mein shamil hue. yuddh key baad, vaha punarnirmaan key virodhi aur koo clux clan key netaa bunn gaye. vaha sthaaniya ashwet netaa zim williams kii peat-peetkar hatyaa karane vaale netaaon mein seey ack thaa. isake kaaran hinsak hamalon kii ack shrinkhala hui, jisake kaaran antatah york county key ashweton kaa ack badaa samooh liberia mein pravaas curr gayaa. bratton abhiyojan seey bachane key liye landan, ontario bhaag gaye, lekin baad mein dakshin carolina lautane mein saksham hoe gaye, jahan unhone apane shesh jeevan key liye chikitsa mein apana currier banaaya.
praarambhik jeevan.
bratton kaa janm 12 navambar, 1821 koo brattensville, york county, south carolina mein huaa thaa. unake terah bhaai-bahan they, aur unake maataa-pitaa johnn bratton aur harriot renee they, joe james renee kii betty theen. unake bhaaiyon mein thomas bratton aur napolean bonapart bratton shamil they. unake daadaa-daadi martha aur curnell villium bratton they, joe americi kranti key dauran british senaa key kaptan huck parr apani jeet key liye prasiddh they. bratton sangh key general johnn bratton key pahale chachere bhaai they.
bratton ney aim. tii. mein school mein padhaai kii. dakshin carolina key winsboro mein zian akadami, aur dakshin carolina key college mein bhaag liya, jahan unhone 1843 mein snaatak kiya. unhone apana chikitsa prashikshan jaari rakhaa aur 1845 mein pensylvania vishvavidyalaya key aspatal mein ack poorna pathyakram liya, aur pensylvania mein jefferson medical college seey snaatak kiya.
vaha dakshin carolina laut aae, aur yorkville mein unhone villium moor key saath ack abhyaas sthaapit kiya, joe kii jodee ney lagbhag ack saal key liye saajhedaari kii, isase pahale kii unhone 1847 mein yorkville mein apana abhyaas khola, jahan unhone jald hii ack aur yuva saathi liya. bratton ack bahut hii pratibhashali doctor they. 1850 key dashak key madhya mein ack prasiddh mamle mein, unhone ack khopadi koo traffin kiya jaba rogi koo ghode dwara laat maarne key baad mastishk parr bahut dabaav padaa, jisase rogi koo bachaaya gayaa.
1850 mein bratton ney lankester county key rebekka massie seey shaadi kii. iss jodee key paanch bete aur dou betiyaan theen. bratton kaa ghar mool roop seey sthaaniya vakeel robbert clendinen (1816-1830) dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. ise 1956 mein dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur 2016 taka, iss sthaan kii pehchaan ack aitihaasik marker dwara kii gaee haye.
grih yuddh.
bratton grihyuddh mein sangh mein shamil hoe gaye. 13 aprail, 1861 koo, unhone curnell jenkins key tahat paanchvin resiment, dakshin carolina paidal senaa key swayamsevakon key liye ack sahayak sarjan banane key liye swechha seey kaam kiya. phir unhein virginia key richmond mein winder aspatal key chauthe vibhaag kaa prabhaari banaaya gayaa, jahan unhone teen saal seva kii aur unhein sarjan key pada parr padonnat kiya gayaa. unhone halke kartavya kaa anurodh kiya aur georgia key milzville mein general braxton bragg key tahat virginia sarjanon kii 20veen resiment mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. union general villium tii key baad. sherman ney georgia key madhyam seey apani senaa kaa netritva kiya, aspatal koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa aur bratton koo chhutti dey dee gaee aur yorkville laut aaya. 28 aur 29 aprail 1865 koo, sangh key adhyaksh jefferson davis sangh balon seey bhaag rahey they aur yorkville key madhyam seey aae, aur bratton ney davis aur unake dou sahyogiyon kii mejbani kii.
grih yuddh key baad.
yuddh aur daason kii mukti key baad, bratton key bagan mein cumm samay dekhaa gayaa. unake kaee poorv daas chaley gaye, aur bratton ney 1866 mein kheton mein kaam kiya. 1868 mein, unhone apani kattarpanthi rajneeti key kaaran poorv gulam "bobb aur unake parivaar" koo door bhej diyaa. 1867 seey 1869 taka unakaa khet abhee bhee laabhdaayak naheen thaa, jabaki bratton ney chikitsa abhyaas phir seey shuru karane kaa prayaas kiya. 1870 mein unhone kuchh hudd taka columbia tail company koo vaapas leey liya thaa aur usey shamil curr liya thaa. iss samay key dauran, bratton punarnirmaan virodhi gatividhiyon mein sakriya hoe gaye aur york county koo clux clan mein ack netaa bunn gaye.
koo clux clan.
farwari 1871 mein, sthaaniya ashwet upadeshak alias hill ney samudaay mein ashweton kii suraksha key liye baatchit karane key liye sthaaniya koo clux clan netaaon seey mulakat kii. yeye vaartaaen safal naheen huin, aur 12 farwari key aspas, aathh ashwet purushon koo 500 seey 700 gorey logon ney kaale gaaun mein mask pahane hue maar daala, aur usake baad maheenon taka raat mein clan chhaape maare gaye.
usa samay key york county mein ack mahatvapurna ashwet netaa ack poorv sangh sanic aur sthaaniya milicia netaa james renee they, jinhen zim williams key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa. williams bratton key bhaai, johnn aiss key poorv gulam they. bratton aur unaki patni, harriot jey. renee. usa samay, iss tarah key ashwet milicia koo union leag key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. 11 farwari, 1871 koo zim williams, juuna moor (alias pahaadi key bhatije) aur ashweton key ack samooh key saath, tanaav koo cumm karane key liye mitty kii pahaadi key paas ack chaurahon parr bratton key netritva mein goron key ack samooh seey mille. williams ney sujhaav diyaa kii vaha apane milicia hathiyaron koo chhodane key liye taiyar honge, aur black union leag key netaa raat key samay kii baithakon koo rokane key liye sahmat hue. agale dinn sangharsh viram toda diyaa gayaa jaba padosi union county mein 500 seey 700 goron koo shamil karate hue ack daud dange hue, jisamen aathh ashwet maare gaye.
kuchh goron ney daavaa kiya kii williams ney sthaaniya goron koo maarne kii dhamki dee thee aur williams kii milicia hathiyaron kaa bhandar curr rahee thee. yeh bhee daavaa kiya gayaa thaa kii williams ney safed mahilaaon key saath balatkar karane kii ichcha kaa daavaa kiya thaa yadi vaha curr sakata thaa. isake alawa, bratton ney daavaa kiya kii 6 march, 1871 koo safed swaamitva vaali sampattiyon mein aag lagane key liye williams aur unaki senaa jimmedaar thee, lagbhag chaalees logon ney williams koo unake ghar seey jabt curr liya aur unhein ack pedh seey latka diyaa aur unhein kaee goliyon seey goli maar dee. kahaa jaataa haye kii bratton ney williams key galey mein fansi lagaa dee thee.villium koo baad mein bratton key karyalaya mein laaya gayaa, jahan bratton ney apani chikitsa kshamata mein poochtaachh kii.
zim williams kii linching.
6 march, 1871 koo james rufus bratton ney lagbhag 70 gorey purushon key ack samooh kaa netritva kiya, joe yorkville key paschim mein brier patch muster ground seey williams kebin taka gaye. usa samay, james villium every aur bratton sthaaniya clan mein pramukh aur number dou they.
bheed sabse pahale union leag key sadasya aur timmons key ghar gaee, williams key ghar kaa pataa lagaane key liye timmons koo peeta. williams key kebin mein, unhone usey farsh key neeche chhipa huaa paaya. unhone usey pakad liya aur usey laat markar ghar seey baahar nikaal liya. shayed bratton, kissy ney villium key galey mein ack goli lagaa dee. baahar, unhone russie koo jameen seey ack pedh seey baandh diyaa aur williams koo anga parr chadhane key liye majboor kiya. ack anya clansman bobb caldwell, anga parr chadh gayaa aur williams koo dhakka diyaa, joe phir apane haathon seey anga seey latak gayaa. caldwell ney villium kii ungaliyon koo hack karane key liye ack chaku kaa istemal kiya jaba taka kii vaha riha naheen hoe gayaa, jahan seey vaha "ack saans mein sabhi koo shaap dete hue, vinati karate hue aur prarthana karate hue marr gayaa."villium koo baad mein bratton key karyalaya mein laaya gayaa, jahan bratton ney apani chikitsa kshamata mein poochtaachh kii.
bheed ney union leag milicia mein shamil purushon key kaee anya gharon kaa daura kiya, 23 bandooken ikattha karane mein safal rahee, lekin koee anya sadasya naheen. leag key sadasyon ney pratishodh kii kasam khaai, lekin kaarravaai naheen kii. george armstrong custer key saatven yuu kii companiyan bee, ee aur key.aiss. mejar luis maryl key netritva mein ghudsavaar senaa hinsa koo dabaane kii koshish mein kshetra mein pahunchi, alias pahaadi ney leag kaa netritva karane key liye kadam rakhaa, joe abb avyavasthit haye. ack anya chhaape mein, pahaadi key bhateejon, soloman pahaadi aur juuna moor parr hamla kiya gayaa aur sthaaniya akhbar, "yorkville inquirer" mein apani republican party kii sambaddhata koo tyagane key liye majboor kiya gayaa.
alias hill parr 5 maee, 1871 koo hamla kiya gayaa thaa. yeh york county mein dekhi gaee koo clux clan hinsa kaa pahala episode thaa, aur vaha york county key ashwet nagrikon kii raksha key liye turant kadam rakhane mein asamarth thaa. hamale key aathh dinn baad, maryl ney parivartan kii maang karane vaale samudaay key netaaon seey mulakat kii, halanki garmiyon mein hinsa jaari rahee. maryl key prayason key kaaran antatah county mein clan key adhikansh hisse koo nasht curr diyaa gayaa, halanki bratton parr kabhi bhee safaltapurvak mukadama naheen chalaaya gayaa.
ontario key liye udaan.
inn ghatnaaon key turant baad, zim williams kii hatyaa key liye bratton aur every koo sanghiya sarkaar kii sabse vaanchhit soochi mein rakhaa gayaa. baad mein 1871 mein, vaha york county seey bhagkar apani bahan key ghar, sofiya oh 'bainan, barnwell, dakshin carolina mein chaley gaye. hoe sakata haye kii vaha taba selma, albama bhaag gayaa hoe. vaha simpson key naam seey rahate they aur koyla khanan mein shamil hoe gaye. lagbhag usa samay jaba vaha apane koyla vyavasaay key liye ack badaa tract khareed rhaa thaa, usey phir seey bhagna padaa, apane bhaai johnn key saath memphis, tenacy jaanaa padaa, joe bhee ack bhagoda thaa. 22 maee 1872 koo, johnn simpson key naam seey, bratton pravaasi jee key ghar bhaag gaye. landan, ontario mein manigault. landan mein, way wellington street parr sarah hill boarding house mein jaane seey pahale richmond street parr sthit revre house mein rahey, aur shahar mein poorv-sanghon key badhate samudaay kaa hissa they.
dakshin carolina key governor robbert kingsten scott ney usey pakadane key liye isaq bell cornwell bheja. cornwell ney sanyukt raajya gupt seva vibhaag mein aavedan kiya aur rashtrapati eulysis anudan seey ack warrant praapt kiya aur joseph jee dwara sahaayata kii gaee. vibhaag kaa hester. way landan gaye aur kuchh dinon key baad kuchh sangharsh key saath bratton koo pakad liya. train dipo key raaste mein, bratton ney cornwell koo apani giraftari key liye warrant padhane key liye manaa liya. yeh daavaa kiya gayaa thaa kii warrant bratton key liye naheen thaa, balki james villium every key liye thaa.
bratton koo landan seey yorkville laaya gayaa thaa jahan unhein jail mein daal diyaa gayaa thaa. unhein lagbhag 12,000 dollar kii jamaanat dee gaee, jise 13 sthaaniya logon ney jutaaya. americi samachar patron aur kanadai adhikaariyon ney ashanka koo apaharan kahaa, aur kanadai sarkaar ney bratton kii tatkaal rihaai aur kanada lautane kaa ahwan kiya, kyonki kanadai sarkaar aur janata donon apani rashtriya samprabhuta key ullanghan parr krodhit they. kanadai sanghiya sarkaar key paas 11 juuna, 1872 koo house off commons key liye mudda thaa. sadan lagbhag sarvasammati seey sahmat hoe gayaa surr johnn aeye. kanada key pahale pradhaanmantri mcdonald ney landan mein british sansad koo aupchaarik poochtaachh bheji. isake parinamswarup raani victoria ney khud hastakshep kiya, kanadai sarkaar washington mein british rajdoot key karyalaya mein bhee shikayat bhejegi.see.yeh daavaa karate hue kii america ney antarrashtriya kaanoon kaa ullanghan kiya thaa aur pratyarpan key liye aavashyak uchit kadmon kii andekhi kii thee. 
landan pulis seva ney 10 juuna, 1872 koo isaik cornwall koo giraftar kiya thaa, jaba vaha phir seey landan mein pakada gayaa thaa. unhein landan pulis station kii kothri mein rakhaa gayaa thaa aur praarambhik sunavaai 13 juuna koo hui thee, joe sabhi bratton key apaharan key gawah they, unhone mukadame mein gawahi dee thee. khud bratton kii gawahi key saath, jise mukadama shuru honey seey dou dinn pahale riha curr diyaa gayaa thaa, cornwall koo apaharan mein usaki bhoomika key liye kingsten jail mein 3 saal kii sajaa sunai gaee thee. ack antarrashtriya ghatana seey bachane key liye, bratton koo 11 juuna koo ontario vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa, jahan unakaa garmajoshi seey swaagat kiya gayaa. bratton ney kuchh samay key liye landan mein apana chikitsa abhyaas jaari rakhaa, jahan unhein apane kaam key liye atyadhik sammaan diyaa jaataa thaa. kanada mein, bratton key apraadhon kii hinsa aur usake koo clux clan connection kaa ullekh naheen kiya gayaa thaa. vaha kuchh varshon taka kanada mein rahey, lekin antatah york county laut aae.
viraasat aur mrityu.
bratton freemasonary mein shamil they; jaba unaki mrityu hoe gaee, tou way 33veen degree key rajmistri they. apane jeevan mein kuchh samay key liye, way dakshin carolina raajya chikitsa sangh key adhyaksh they.
2 sitambar, 1897 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unhein bethesda mein parivaar key dafan sthal mein dafnaya gayaa thaa.
bratton kii clan gatividhiyon koo thomas dixon junier key liye prerana kahaa jaataa haye.'dha clansman" kaa upanyaas, joe "dha berth off aeye nation" film kaa aadhar thaa. dixon key rishtedaar york county mein they jinase unhein bratton key baare mein pataa chalaa hoga.

