
villium IV

villium IV (villium heinry; 21 agast 1765-20 juuna 1837) grate britten aur ireland key sanyukt raajya key raajaa aur 26 juuna 1830 seey 1837 mein apani mrityu taka hanovar key raajaa they. george III key teesare bete, villium apane badey bhaai george IV key uttaradhikari baney, joe britten key hanovar key gharaane key antim raajaa aur antim samrat baney.
villium ney apani yuvavastha mein shaahi nausena mein seva kii, british uttari america aur carribean mein samay bitaaya, aur baad mein unhein "navik raajaa" upnaam diyaa gayaa. 1789 mein, unhein clarence aur sent andru key duke banaaya gayaa thaa. 1827 mein, unhein 1709 key baad seey britten kaa pahala lord hyee admiral niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. kyonki unake dou badey bhaaiyon kii vaidh mudde koo chhode binaa mrityu hoe gaee thee, jaba way 64 varsh key they, tou unhein simhaasan viraasat mein milaa thaa. unake shasankal mein kaee sudhaar dekhe gaeh garib kaanoon koo adyatan kiya gayaa, baal shram pratibandhit kiya gayaa, lagbhag sabhi british samrajya mein gulami koo samaapt curr diyaa gayaa, aur 1832 key sudhaar adhiniyamon dwara chunavi pranali koo phir seey taiyar kiya gayaa. haalaanki villium ney rajneeti mein utanaa naheen kiya jitna kii unake bhaai yaa unake pitaa ney kiya thaa, way sansad kii ichcha key vipareet ack pradhaan mantri niyukt karane vaale antim british samrat they. unhone apane german raajya koo ack alpakaalik udaar samvidhaan pradaan kiya.
apani mrityu key samay, villium key koee vaidh bachche naheen bache they, lekin abhinetri dorothea jorden dwara unake duss avaidh bachchon mein seey aathh unake saath reh gaye they, jinake saath way bees varshon taka rahey. jeevan mein dair seey, unhone sax-minningen kii rajkumari adelide seey shaadi kii aur jahir taur parr unake prati wafadar rahey. villium key baad united kingdam mein unaki bhatiji victoria aur hannover mein unake bhaai ernest augustus ney padbhar sambhala.
praarambhik jeevan.
villium kaa janm 21 agast 1765 koo subah key shuruati ghanton mein buckingham house mein huaa thaa, joe raajaa george III aur raani charlotte key teesare bachche aur bete they. unake dou badey bhaai they, george, prince off wells aur prince fredrick (baad mein duke off york aur albany), aur unake taaj key uttaradhikari honey kii ummeed naheen thee. 20 sitambar 1765 koo sent james palace key mahaan parishad kaksh mein unakaa bapatisma huaa thaa. unake dharm-maataa-pitaa raajaa key bhaai-bahan theh prince villium heinry, duke off glocester aur edinberg; prince heinry (baad mein duke off comberland aur strathern); aur rajkumari augusta, brunswick-wolfenbuttle kii vanshaanugat duchess.
villium ney apane shuruati jeevan kaa adhikansh samay richmond aur kyu palace mein bitaaya, jahan unhein niji shikshakon dwara shikshit kiya gayaa thaa. terah saal kii umr mein, vaha admiral digby key squadron mein ack midshipman key roop mein shaahi nausena mein shamil hoe gaye. chaar saal taka unaki ghadee key leftinent richard goodwin keats they, jinake saath unhone jeevan bhar kii dosti banaai aur jinhen unhone apane sabhi peshevar gyaan key liye rinee bataaya. vaha 1780 mein cape sent vincent kii ladaai mein maujood they, jaba "saine juuliyan" ney unake jahaaj parr unake rangon koo maaraa. nausena mein unake anubhav anya midshipman seey thode alag prateet hotey hain, halanki anya naavikon key vipareet unake saath ack shikshak jahaaj parr thaa. usane khaana pakaane mein apana hissa diyaa aur gibralter mein nashe mein dhut jhagade key baad apane shipmates key saath giraftar hoe gayaa; usaki pehchaan gyaat honey key baad usey jaldbaji mein hirasat seey riha curr diyaa gayaa.
villium ney americi swatantrata sangram key dauran newyork mein seva kii, jisase way americi kranti taka aur usake madhyam seey america kii yatra karane vaale british shaahi parivaar key ekmatra sadasya bunn gaye. jaba villium america mein thaa, taba george washington ney uska apaharan karane kii sajish koo manjuri dete hue likhaah
aapke awas mein aashcharyachakit karane aur rajkumar villium heinry aur admiral digby koo baahar laane key liye aapaki yojana mein udyam kii bhavna itani spasht haye kii aap taaliyon kii dhuna parr hain aur aapako kissy bhee tarah seey aur aise samay mein prayaas karane kaa adhikaar haye, jaba aapka nirnay nirdeshit hoe. main poori tarah seey aashvast huun kii rajkumar yaa nausenadhyaksh key vyaktiyon kaa upman yaa upman karane key khilaf aapako savdhan karna anaavashyak haye...
kathaanak safal naheen huaa; angrejon ney isake baare mein sunaa aur villium koo gaard niyukt kiye, joe taba taka newyork key chaaron or binaa kissy rukawat key ghoomate they. sitambar 1781 mein, villium ney governor roberts key mainhattan ghar mein adalat kaa ayojan kiya. upasthit mahapour david mathuse, admiral digby aur general delancy they.
villium 1785 mein ack leftinent aur agale varsh key kaptan baney, jisake dauran unhone newfoundland aur nova skotia kii coloniyon mein samay bitaaya. baad mein 1786 mein, vaha horatio nelson key tahat west indies mein tainaat they, jinhone villium key baare mein likhaa thaa, "apani peshevar pankti mein, vaha [nausena] soochi key dou-tihai seey behtar haye, mujhe yakeen haye; aur aadeshon parr dhyaan dene aur apane varishth adhikaari key sammaan mein, main shayed hii usake barabar jaanata huun."donon bahut achche dost they, aur lagbhag raat mein ack saath khaana khaate they. nelson kii shaadi mein, villium ney dulhan koo dene parr jore diyaa. 1787 mein quebeck kaa daura karane key baad, agale varsh, unhein yuddhapot kii kamaan dee gaee aur 1790 mein kamaan sambhaalate hue unhein rear-admiral key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa.
villium ney apane badey bhaaiyon kii tarah duke banane aur isi tarah kaa sansadiya anudan praapt karane kii maang kii, lekin unake pitaa anichhuk they. una parr dabaav banaane key liye, villium ney devon mein totness key nirvaachan kshetra key liye british house off commons key liye khade honey kii dhamki dee. apane bete key matdaataon key saamane apana mamla banaane kii sambhavana seey ghabaraae george III ney 19 maee 1789 koo unhein duke off clarence aur sent andru aur earl off munster banaaya, maanaa jaataa haye kih "mujhe achchi tarah seey pataa haye kii yeh vipaksh mein ack aur vote jodaa gayaa haye."villium kaa raajneetik record asangat thaa aur usa samay key kaee raajnetaon kii tarah, ise kissy ack party seey jodaa naheen jaa sakata thaa. haalaanki, unhone saarvajanik roop seey khud koo wiggs key saath gathbandhan kiya, jaisa kii unake badey bhaaiyon ney kiya, joe apane pitaa key raajneetik padon key saath sangharsh mein jaane jaate they.
nausena carrier.
villium ney 1790 mein shaahi nausena mein apani sakriya seva bund curr dee. jaba britten ney 1793 mein france key khilaf yuddh kii ghoshana kii, tou vaha apane desh kii seva karane key liye utsuk thaa aur usey ack kamaan diye jaane kii ummeed thee, lekin shayed pahale tou isaliye naheen thaa kyonki usane kuchh seedhiyon key nashe mein girkar apana haath toda diyaa thaa, lekin baad mein shayed isaliye kii usane yuddh kaa virodh karane vaale prabhuon key ghar mein bhaashan diyaa thaa. agale varsh unhone yuddh key paksh mein baat kii, aur apane dill key parivartan key baad ack kamaan kii ummeed kii; koee naheen aaya. nausena ney unake anurodh kaa jawab naheen diyaa. unhone ack sakriya pada parr niyukt honey kii ummeed naheen chhodi. 1798 mein unhein ack admiral banaaya gayaa thaa, lekin pada vishuddh roop seey nammatra thaa. baar-baar yachikaon key bavjood, unhein poore napolean yuddhon mein kabhi bhee adesh naheen diyaa gayaa thaa. 1811 mein, unhein bede key admiral key maanad pada parr niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 1813 mein, vaha vaastavik ladaai mein shamil honey key sabse karib aaya, jaba vaha nichale deshon mein lada rahey british sainikon kaa daura karane gayaa. ack church key stambh seey entwerp kii bambari koo dekhate hue, vaha aag kii chapet mein aaa gayaa, aur ack goli usake coat koo chhed gaee.
samudra mein seva karane key bajaay, villium ney house off lords mein samay bitaaya, jahan unhone gulami key unmoolan key virodh mein baat kii, joe abhee bhee british upaniveshon mein maujood thee. unhone tark diyaa kii swatantrata daason kaa bahut cumm bhalaa karegi. unhone vyaapak roop seey yatra kii thee aur unaki nazar mein, scotland key uchch bhoomi aur dweepon mein swatantra logon key beach jeevan star paschimi bhaarat key daason key beach jeevan star seey bhee badatar thaa. carribean mein unake anubhav, jahan unhone "gulami key baare mein bagan maalikon key vichaaron koo jaldi seey avashoshit curr liya", ney unaki sthiti koo mahatva diyaa, jise unake kuchh samkaaleenon dwara achchi tarah seey tark diyaa gayaa thaa. sansad key samaksh apane pahale bhaashan mein unhone khud koo "nigro kii sthiti kaa ack chaukas paryavekshak" kahaa, jinhone paaya kii unaki achchi dekhbhal kii jaati haye aur "vinamra khushi kii sthiti mein". dusaron ney socha kii yeh "chaunkaane vaalaa haye kii itane yuva vyakti koo, binaa kissy pakshapaat key, daas vyaapaar koo jaari rakhane mein gambhir honah chaahiye. sadan mein apane bhaashan mein, villium ney pramukh unmoolanvaadi villium wilberforce kaa upman karate hue kahaah "unmoolan key samarthak yaa tou kattarpanthi hain yaa pakhandi hain, aur una vargon mein seey ack mein main shree koo rank detaa huun. wilberforce. anya muddon parr way adhik udaar they, jaise kii asahamati rakhane vaale isaaiyon key khilaf dandaatmak kaanoonon koo samaapt karane key kadmon kaa samarthan karna. unhone vyabhichaar key doshi paae jaane vaalon koo punarvivah seey rokane key prayason kaa bhee virodh kiya.
sambandh aur vivaah.
1791 seey, villium ack ayrish abhinetri, dorothea bland key saath rahati thee, jise unake munch naam shrimati jorden seey behtar jaanaa jaataa thaa, ack asuvidhajanak garbhavastha aur "jorden" kii vyakhya karane key liye unake munch currier kii shuruat mein "shrimati" sheershak liya jaa rhaa thaa kyonki unhone ireland seey britten taka "paani koo paar kiya thaa. vaha shrimati key saath apane jeevan kii ghareluta kaa anand lete hue dikhaai diye. jorden, ack dost koo tippani karate hueh "shrimati jorden ack bahut achchi prani hain, bahut gharelu hain aur apane bachchon kaa dhyaan rakhti hain. yeh sunishchit karane key liye kii vaha kabhi-kabhi betuki hoti haye aur usake paas haasya haye. lekin sabhi parivaaron mein aisee cheejen cumm yaa jyada hoti hain."dampati ney, chupchaap rahate hue, shrimati key saath manoranjan kaa anand liya. 1809 key anta mein jorden ney likhaah "hamaare paas iss chrismus parr ack poorna aur anandamaya ghar hoga, 'yeh vahee haye jisamen priya duke anandit hotaa haye."george III abhinetri key saath apane bete key rishte koo sweekaar curr rahey they (halanki unhone usake bhatte koo aadhaa karane kii sifarish kii); 1797 mein, unhone villium key badhate parivaar key liye ack badaa nivaas, jhaadidaar ghar, sahit jhaadidaar park kaa ranger banaaya. villium raajaa banane taka apane pramukh nivaas key roop mein jhaadi kaa upayog karate they. unakaa landan nivaas, clarence house, 1825 aur 1827 key beach johnn naish key design key anusaar banaaya gayaa thaa.
dampati key duss avaidh bachche they-paanch bete aur paanch betiyaan-jinamen seey nau kaa naam villium key bhaai-bahanon key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa; pratyek koo upnaam "fitzclarence" diyaa gayaa thaa. unakaa sambandh 1811 mein samaapt honey seey pahale bees varshon taka chalaa. shrimati jorden koo break-upp key kaaran key baare mein koee sandeh naheen thaah "paisa, paisa, merey achche dost, mujhe vishvaas haye kii iss samay unhein purushon mein sabse kharaab banaa diyaa gayaa haye", unhone kahaa, "unake sabhi utkrisht gunon, unake gharelu" gunon ", apane" pyaare "bachchon key liye unake pyaar key saath, iss samay unhein kyaa naheen jhelana chaahiye?"unhein prati varsh 4,400 pound () kaa vittiya niptan aur unaki betiyon kii hirasat iss shart parr dee gaee thee kii vaha munch parr phir seey naheen aaengi. jaba unhone apane pichhale rishte seey apani ack betty key pati dwara kiye gaye rinon koo chukaane key prayaas mein kaam karna phir seey shuru kiya, tou villium ney betiyon kii hirasat leey lii aur unake rakharkhaav key liye nirdhaarit £1,500 () kaa bhugtan karna bund curr diyaa. shrimati jorden key abhinay currier key whiffle honey key baad, vaha apane lendaaron seey bachane key liye france bhaag gaeen aur 1816 mein peris key paas garib hocker unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
shrimati jorden seey milane seey pahale, villium kaa ack avaidh betaa thaa, jisaki maan agyaat thee; betaa, jise villium bhee kahaa jaataa haye, farwari 1807 mein aims "blenheim" mein maidagaskar seey doob gayaa. carolin wonn linsingan, jinake pitaa hanovarian paidal senaa mein ack general they, ney daavaa kiya kii villium dwara 1790 key aspas ack betaa, heinrich thaa, lekin villium usa samay hanovar mein naheen thaa jaba vaha daavaa karati haye, aur kahani itihaskaron dwara avishvasaniya maani jaati haye.
villium ney gaharaai seey curge mein doobe hue catherine tilney-long jaisi ack ameer uttaradhikari seey shaadi karane key kaee prayaas kiye, lekin unake soot asafal rahey. villium kii bhatiji wells kii rajkumari charlotte kii mrityu key baad, 1817 mein, george III key baarah bachche reh gaye they, lekin koee vaidh potey-potiyaan naheen theen. unake beton, shaahi rajkumaron key beach shaadi karane aur ack uttaradhikari paida karane kii daud thee. villium koo iss daud mein bahut faayade they-unake dou badey bhaai donon nihsantaan they aur apani patniyon seey alag they, joe donon vaise bhee bachche paida karane kii umr seey parey they, aur villium teenon mein seey sabse swasth they. yadi vaha lambe samay taka jeevit rahata, tou vaha lagbhag nishchit roop seey british aur hanovarian simhaasan parr chadhata aur usake paas agale samrat koo surr karane kaa avsar hotaa. villium kii sambhaavit patniyon key praarambhik vikalpon koo yaa tou unake sabse badey bhaai, wells key rajkumar kii asweekriti kaa saamana karna padaa, yaa unhein aswikar curr diyaa gayaa. unake chhote bhaai rajkumar adolphus, duke off cambridge koo upalabdh protestant rajkumariyon kii khoj karane key liye germany bheja gayaa thaa; vaha hese-kasel kii rajkumari augusta key saath aaya thaa, lekin usake pitaa, fredrick ney match koo aswikar curr diyaa. dou maheene baad adolphus ney khud augusta seey shaadi kii. antatah ack rajkumari millie joe milansar, ghar-premi thee aur villium key nau jeevit bachchon koo sweekaar karane (yahaan taka kii utsaahpoorvak swaagat karane) key liye taiyar thee, jinamen seey kaee abhee taka vayaskata taka naheen pahunche they. 11 julaai 1818 koo kyu palace key drying room mein, villium ney sax-mainingen key adelide seey shaadi kii.
villium kii shaadi, joe unaki mrityu taka lagbhag bees saal taka chully, ack khushahal shaadi thee. adelide ney villium aur usake vitt donon koo apane haath mein leey liya. shaadi key pahale varsh key liye dampati germany mein kifayati tareeke seey rahate they. villium key rinn jald hii bhugtan kiye jaane key raaste parr they, vishesh roop seey jaba seey sansad ney unhein ack badhe hue bhatte key liye matdan kiya thaa, jise unhone anichha seey sweekaar curr liya thaa kyonki unake anurodhon koo aur badhaane seey incar curr diyaa gayaa thaa. villium key vivaah key baad usaki malkin honey key baare mein pataa naheen haye. dampati kii dou alpakaalik betiyaan theen aur adelide koo teen garbhpaat kaa saamana karna padaa. isake bavjood, jhoothi afavaahen kii vaha garbhavati thee, villium key shasankal mein bunny rahee-unhone unhein "buri cheez" key roop mein khariz curr diyaa.
lord hyee admiral.
villium key badey bhaai, wells key rajkumar, apane pitaa kii mansik bimari key kaaran 1811 seey rajkumar rajpratinidhi they. 1820 mein, george III kii mrityu hoe gaee aur rajkumar regent george IV bunn gaye. villium, duke off clarence, abb uttaradhikar kii pankti mein dusare sthaan parr they, kewal unake bhaai fredrick, duke off york seey pahale. villium ney apani shaadi key baad seey sudhaar kiya, ghanton taka chalata rhaa, apekshaakrit mitavyayi tareeke seey khaaya, aur kewal jou key paani mein nimbu kaa swaad liya gayaa thaa. unake donon badey bhaai aswasth they, aur unake raajaa banane seey pahale ise kewal kuchh samay kii baat maanaa jaataa thaa. jaba 1827 mein fredrick kii mrityu hoe gaee, taba villium, joe 60 varsh seey adhik umr key they, anumaanit uttaradhikari bunn gaye. usa varsh baad mein, aaney vaale pradhaan mantri, george canning ney unhein lord hyee admiral key karyalaya mein niyukt kiya, joe 1709 seey commission mein thaa (yaani, ack vyakti dwara naheen balki ack board dwara prayog kiya gayaa thaa). karyalaya mein rahate hue, villium ney apani parishad key saath baar-baar sangharsh kiya thaa, joe nausena adhikaariyon seey banaa thaa. aakhirkaar 1828 mein cheejen ack sir parr aaa gaeen, jaba lord hyee admiral key roop mein, unhone jahaajon key ack squadron key saath samudra mein daal diyaa, aur way kahaan jaa rahey they, aur duss dinon taka door rahane key baare mein koee shabd naheen chhoda. raajaa ney pradhaan mantri, arther valesley, wellington key pahale duke key madhyam seey apane istife kaa anurodh kiya; unhone iska anupaalan kiya.
villium ney kathinaaiyon kaa anubhav karane key bavjood, unhone lord hyee admiral key roop mein kaafee achchha kiya. unhone vidroh key alawa adhikansh apraadhon key liye billi kii nau poonchh koo samaapt curr diyaa, nausena kii topon key maanak mein sudhaar karane kaa prayaas kiya, aur pratyek jahaaj kii sthiti aur taiyari kii niyamit report kii aavashyakta thee. unhone pahale bhaap yuddhapot koo chaalu kiya aur adhik key nirmaan kii vakaalat kii. pada dhaaran karane seey unhein galatiyan karane aur unase seekhane kii anumati millie-ack aisee prakriya joe kaheen adhik mahangi hoe sakati thee yadi unhone raajaa banane seey pahale naheen seekha hotaa kii unhein kewal apane parshadon kii salah seey kaary karna chaahiye.
villium ney apane bhaai key shasankal key dauran apana adhikansh shesh samay prabhuon key ghar mein bitaaya. unhone apane chhote bhaai ernest augustus, duke off comberland key virodh key khilaf catholic mukti vidheyak kaa samarthan kiya, jisamen unhone vidheyak parr baad vaale kii sthiti koo "kukhyaat" bataaya, joe ernest key akrosh key liye thaa. george IV kaa swaasthya teji seey kharaab hoe rhaa thaa; 1830 kii shuruat taka yeh spasht thaa kii vaha mrityu key karib thaa. raajaa ney maee key anta mein villium seey chhutti lete hue kahaa, "bhagwan kii ichcha poori hoe jaayegi. maine kissy koo ghayal naheen kiya haye. taba sub kuchh aap parr nirbhar karega."apane badey bhaai key liye villium kaa sachcha sneh unaki badhati pratyasha koo chhipa naheen sakaa kii vaha jald hii raajaa bunn jaayega.
shasson karein.
praarambhik shasankal.
jaba george IV kii 26 juuna 1830 koo vaidh mudde seey bache binaa mrityu hoe gaee, tou villium IV key roop mein villium unake uttaradhikari baney. 64 varsh kii ayu mein, vaha usa samay british simhaasan grahan karane vaale sabse umradraj vyakti they, ack vishishtata joe way 2022 mein charles III dwara paar kiye jaane taka rakhate they.
apane asadharan bhaai key vipareet, villium vinamra, dhumdham aur samaroh koo hatotsaahit karane vaalaa thaa. george IV key vipareet, joe apana adhikansh samay windser mahal mein bitaate they, villium koo jaanaa jaataa thaa, vishesh roop seey unake shasankal kii shuruat mein, landan yaa bryton key madhyam seey, binaa kissy saathi key chalane key liye. jaba taka sudhaar sankat ney unaki sthiti koo nasht naheen curr diyaa, taba taka way logon key beach bahut lokpriya they, joe unhein apane bhaai kii tulanaa mein adhik sulabh aur neeche-seey-prithvi key roop mein dekhate they.
raajaa ney turant khud koo ack kartavyanishth karyakarta saabit curr diyaa. pradhaan mantri, wellington ney kahaa kii unhone duss minut mein king villium key saath adhik vyaapaar kiya thaa, jitna kii unhone george IV key saath itane dinon mein kiya thaa. lord broham ney unhein ack utkrisht vyavasaayi key roop mein varnit kiya, iss mamle koo samajhane mein unaki madad karane key liye paryaapt prashn poochhane key liye-jabaki george IV koo sawal poochhane seey darr thaa kii aisaa naa hoe kii vaha apani agyaantaa pradarshit curr dey aur george III bahut adhik poochhenge aur phir pratikriya kii prateeksha naheen karenge.
raajaa ney logon key prati apana pyaar dikhaane kii poori koshish kii. charlot williams-winn ney apane rajyarohan key turant baad likhaah "abb taka raajaa khud koo lokpriya banaane key apane prayason mein athak rahey hain, aur harr sambhav udaaharan mein achche swabhaav aur milansar cheejen karate hain."emily eden ney nott kiyaah" vaha antim kshamashil janwar parr ack bahut badaa sudhaar haye, joe windser mein apani gufa mein gusse mein marr gayaa. yeh aadami cumm seey cumm sabhi koo khush karane kii "ichcha" kartaa haye, aur usane joe kuchh bhee kiya haye vaha paropkari rhaa haye."
villium ney apane bhaai key francisi rasoiyon aur german baind koo barkhast curr diyaa, aur unhein saarvajanik anumodan key liye angreji key saath badal diyaa. unhone george IV key kalaa sangrah kaa adhikansh hissa rashtra koo diyaa aur shaahi kalaa koo aadhaa curr diyaa. george ney buckingham mahal kaa vyaapak (aur mahanga) navinikaran shuru curr diyaa thaa; villium ney vahaan rahane seey incar curr diyaa thaa aur dou baar mahal koo senaa koo dene kii koshish kii, ack baar bairak key roop mein aur ack baar 1834 mein sansad key gharon koo jalaane key baad sansad koo. unaki anaupachaarikta chaunkaane vaali hoe sakati theeh jaba bryton mein shaahi mandap mein nivaas karate they, tou raajaa villium apane mehmaanon kii soochi key liye hotalon mein bhejate they aur kissy koo bhee raat key khaane key liye aamantrit karate they, mehmaanon seey "kapadon key baare mein pareshan naa honey" kaa aagrah karate they. raani raat key khaane key baad kadhaai key foolon key alawa kuchh naheen karati."
simhaasan sambhaalane key baad villium apane nau jeevit avaidh bachchon koo naheen bhoole, jisase unake sabse badey bete, george, earl off munster kaa nirmaan huaa aur anya bachchon koo ack betty yaa ack markes key chhote bete kii prathamikta dee gaee. isake bavjood unake bachche adhik avsaron key liye prerit they, press key ghrinit tatva jinhone bataaya kii "fitzzorden kii avagyapurnata aur balatkar kaa koee udaaharan naheen haye. villium aur unake beton key beach sambandh "barbarta kii ack shrinkhala aur cumm seey cumm raajaa key liye, paise aur sammaan koo laker dardanaak jhagadon" seey viramit thaa. doosari or, unaki betiyaan unake darbar key liye ack aabhushan saabit huin, kyonki "way sabhi, aap jaanate hain, sunder aur jeevant hain, aur samaaj koo iss tarah seey banaate hain kii vaastavik rajkumari naheen curr sakati theen."
sudhaar sankat.
usa samay, samrat kii mrityu key liye nae chunaavon kii aavashyakta thee aur 1830 key aam chunaav mein, wellington key tory lord gray key tahat whiggs key saamane jameen khou baithe, halanki tory key paas abhee bhee sabse badee sankhya mein seeten theen. torries key kadve vibhajan key saath, wellington koo navambar mein house off commons mein haraaya gayaa, aur lord gray ney ack sarkaar banaai. gray ney chunavi pranali mein sudhaar karane kaa sankalp liya, jisamen pandrahavin shatabdi key baad seey kuchh badalaav dekhe gaye they. pranali mein asamaantaaen bahut badee theen; udaaharan key liye, manchester aur birmingham jaise badey shaharon ney koee sadasya naheen chunaa (halanki way county nirvaachan kshetron kaa hissa they), jabaki chhote nagar, jinhen sadey hue yaa pockett baro key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye-jaise kii kewal saat matdaataon key saath puraane saaram-pratyek ney sansad key dou sadasyon koo chunaa. aksar, sadey hue nagaron koo mahaan abhijaat varg dwara niyantrit kiya jaataa thaa, jinake ummidwar hamesha ghatakon dwara chune jaate they-joe, aksar, unake kirayedar hotey they-vishesh roop seey kyonki sansadiya chunaavon mein gupt matpatra kaa upayog abhee taka naheen kiya gayaa thaa. jinn bhoomi maalikon ney seeton koo niyantrit kiya, way unhein sambhaavit ummidvaaron koo bhee bechane mein saksham they.
jaba 1831 mein house off commons mein pahala sudhaar vidheyak parajit huaa, tou gray key mantralaya ney villium seey sansad koo bhang karane kaa aagrah kiya, jisase ack nayaa aam chunaav hoga. sabse pahale, villium ney sansad koo bhang karane key liye apani visheshaadhikaar shaktiyon kaa prayog karane mein sankoch kiya kyonki chunaav ack saal pahale hii hue they aur desh mein bahut utsaah thaa joe hinsa mein badal sakata thaa. haalaanki, vaha vipaksh key aacharan seey naraj thaa, jisane vighatan key khilaf house off lords mein ack sambodhan yaa prastaav key paarit honey kii apani mansha kii ghoshana kii. vipaksh key prastaav koo unake visheshaadhikaar parr hamale key roop mein, aur lord gray aur unake mantriyon key tatkaal anurodh parr, raajaa ney vyaktigat roop seey house off lords aur sansad kaa satravasan karane key liye taiyar kiya. samrat key aagaman seey sabhi bahas bund hoe jaayegi aur sambodhan key paarit honey seey rokaa jaa sakega. jaba shuru mein kahaa gayaa kii usake ghode itane cumm samay mein taiyar naheen hoe sakate, tou villium ney kahaa hoga, "tou main ack hackney cab mein jaaoonga!"coach aur ghode jaldi seey ikattha kiye gaye aur vaha turant sansad key liye aage badhe. villium key aaney seey pahale drishya key "samay" key baare mein kahaa, "drishya kaa varnan karna poori tarah seey asambhav haye... kuleen prabhuon key hinsak swar aur haav-bhaav... darshakon koo aashcharyachakit kiya, aur dikhaai dene vaale alarm key saath maujood mahilaaon koo prabhaavit kiya."lord landanderi ney ack chabuk laharaaya, sarkari samarthakon koo peetane kii dhamki dee, aur unake chaar sahyogiyon ney unhein roque liya. villium ney jaldbaji mein mukut pahana, kaksh mein pravesh kiya aur sansad bhang curr dee. isane house off commons key liye nae chunaavon koo majboor kiya, jisase sudharakon key liye ack badee jeet hui. lekin halanki aam janata spasht roop seey sansadiya sudhaar key paksh mein thee, lekin prabhu iska spasht roop seey virodh karate rahey.
sankat ney 8 sitambar 1831 koo raajaa key rajyabhishek key utsav key liye ack sankshipt antaral dekhaa. sabse pahale, villium ney yeh mahsoos karate hue kii sansad koo sthagit karate hue unhone mukut pahane hue kissy bhee aavashyakta kaa jawab diyaa, rajyabhishek koo poori tarah seey samaapt karna chaaha. anyatha unhein paramparavadiyon dwara raaji kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, unhone apane bhaai key mahange tareeke seey rajyabhishek kaa jashn manaane seey incar curr diyaa-1821 key rajyabhishek kii laagat £240,000 thee, jisamen seey £16,000 kewal ratnon koo kiraaye parr lene key liye thaa. villium key nirdesh parr, niji parishad ney rajyabhishek key liye 30,000 pound seey cumm kaa bajat banaaya. jaba paaramparik tory ney "aadhaa mukut-rashtra" kaa bahishkaar karane kii dhamki dee, tou raajaa ney jawab diyaa kii unhein aage badhana chaahiye, aur unhone "kamare kii adhik suvidha aur cumm garmi" kaa anuman lagaaya.
octuber 1831 mein house off lords dwara dusare sudhaar vidheyak koo aswikar karane key baad, sudhaar key liye andolan desh bhar mein badhaa; tathaakathit "sudhaar dangon" mein pradarshan hinsak hoe gaye. lokpriya utsaah key bavjood, gray mantralaya ney haar sweekaar karane seey incar curr diyaa, aur house off lords mein sathiyon key nirantar virodh key bavjood, vidheyak koo phir seey pesh kiya. prabhuon key rookhe ravaiye seey nirash hocker, gray ney sujhaav diyaa kii raajaa sudhaar vidheyak key paarit honey koo sunishchit karane key liye paryaapt sankhya mein nae sathiyon kaa nirmaan karein. raajaa ney apatti jataai-haalaanki unake paas aseemit sankhya mein sathiyon koo banaane kii shakti thee, lekin unhone pahale hii apane rajyabhishek sammaan mein 22 nae sathiyon koo banaaya thaa. villium anichha seey "bill kii safalata koo surakshit karane key liye paryaapt sathiyon kii sankhya key nirmaan" parr sahmat hue. haalaanki, raajaa ney pears key sthaayi vistaar key saath kathinaaiyon kaa hawala dete hue kahaa kii rachanaon koo sabse badey beton aur maujooda sathiyon key sampaarshvik uttaradhikariyon taka jitna sambhav hoe utanaa seemit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, taaki banaae gaye pears koo antatah sahayak khitabon key roop mein avashoshit kiya jaa sakey. iss baar, prabhuon ney bill koo poori tarah seey aswikar naheen kiya, lekin sanshodhanon key madhyam seey isake mool charitra koo badalane kii taiyari shuru curr dee. gray aur unake saathi mantriyon ney istifa dene kaa faisala kiya yadi raajaa bill koo poori tarah seey paarit karane key liye tatkaal aur badey srijan key liye sahmat naheen they. raajaa ney manaa curr diyaa aur unake istife sweekaar curr liye. raajaa ney duke off wellington koo karyalaya mein bahaal karane kaa prayaas kiya, lekin wellington key paas ack mantralaya banaane key liye aparyaapt samarthan thaa aur raajaa kii lokpriyata sarvakaalik nichale star parr aaa gaee. unaki gaadi parr keechad giraa diyaa gayaa thaa aur unhein saarvajanik roop seey unake paas rakhaa gayaa thaa. raajaa gray key mantralaya koo phir seey niyukt karane aur yadi prabhuon key gharaane mein kathinaaiyaan bunny rahati hain tou nae sathiyon koo banaane key liye sahmat hoe gaye. rachanaon key khatare seey chintit, vidheyak key adhikansh virodhiyon ney bahishkaar kiya aur 1832 kaa sudhaar adhiniyam paarit kiya gayaa. bheed ney villium key karyon key liye usaki patni aur bhaai key prabhaav koo doshi thaharaaya aur usaki lokpriyata phir seey hassil hui.
videsh neeti.
villium ney videshiyon, vishesh roop seey kissy bhee francisi parr avishvaas kiya, jise unhone "purvagrah" key roop mein sweekaar kiya. unhone yeh bhee dridhata seey mahsoos kiya kii britten koo anya deshon key aantarik mamalon mein hastakshep naheen karna chaahiye, jisase unhein hastakshepvadi videsh sachiv, lord palmerston key saath sangharsh mein laaya gayaa. villium ney belgium kii swatantrata kaa samarthan kiya aur asweekarya dutch aur francisi ummidvaaron koo aage rakhe jaane key baad, sax-coberg key rajkumar leopold aur unaki bhatiji charlotte key vidhur gotha koo nae banaae gaye belgium key simhaasan key ummidwar key roop mein pasand kiya.
haalaanki unaki kaushalheenta aur moorkhata key liye pratishtha thee, villium chatur aur rajanyik hoe sakata thaa. unhone pahale hii anuman lagaa liya thaa kii suez mein ack nahar key sambhaavit nirmaan seey misra key saath achche sambandh britten key liye mahatvapurna hoe jaayenge. baad mein apane shasankal mein, unhone ack ratribhoj mein americi rajdoot kii chaplusi karate hue ghoshana kii kii unhein "ack swatantra, swatantra americi key roop mein paida naheen honey kaa khed haye, unhone usa rashtra kaa itna sammaan kiya, jisane abb taka key sabse mahaan vyakti george washington koo janm diyaa thaa. apane vyaktigat aakarshan kaa prayog karke, villium ney anglo-americi sambandhon kii marammat mein sahaayata kii, joe unake pitaa key shasankal key dauran bahut kshatigrast hoe gaye they.
hanovar kaa raajaa.
germany mein saarvajanik dhaarana yeh thee kii britten ney hanovarian neeti koo nirdeshit kiya. yeh mamla naheen thaa. 1832 mein, austriyai chansler clemens wonn meternich ney aise kaanoon pesh kiye joe germany mein ubharate udaarvaadi andolanon parr ankush lagaate they. lord palmerston ney iska virodh kiya aur villium key prabhaav kii maang kii taaki hannovarian sarkaar koo bhee yahee sthiti mill sakey. isake bajaay hanovarian sarkaar meternich key saath sahmat hoe gaee, jisase palmerston koo bahut nirasha hui, aur villium ney hastakshep karane seey incar curr diyaa. villium aur palmerston key beach hanovar parr sangharsh agale varsh phir seey shuru huaa jaba meternikh ney german raajyon kaa ack sammelan bulaaya, joe vienna mein aayojit kiya jaanaa thaa, aur palmerston chaahte they kii hanovar nimantran koo aswikar curr dey. isake bajaay, villium key bhaai rajkumar adolphus, hanovar key vaaysaraay ney sweekaar kiya, jise poori tarah seey villium kaa samarthan praapt thaa. 1833 mein, villium ney hannover key liye ack nae samvidhaan parr hastakshar kiye, jisane madhyam varg koo sashakt banaaya, nichale vargon koo seemit shakti dee, aur sansad kii bhoomika kaa vistaar kiya. baad mein unake bhaai aur uttaradhikari, raajaa ernest augustus dwara samvidhaan koo nirast curr diyaa gayaa.
baad mein shasson aur mrityu.
apane shesh shasankal key dauran, villium ney kewal ack baar rajneeti mein sakriya roop seey hastakshep kiya, 1834 mein, jaba vaha sansad kii ichcha key vipareet ack pradhaanmantri chunane vaale antim british samprabhu baney. 1834 mein, mantralaya badhati alokpriyata kaa saamana curr rhaa thaa aur lord gray sevaanivritt hoe gaye; grih sachiv, villium lamb, 2 vein wiscott melburn ney unaki jagah lii. melburn ney adhikansh cabinet sadasyon koo barkarar rakhaa, aur unake mantralaya ney house off commons mein bhaari bahumat banaae rakhaa. haalaanki, sarkaar key kuchh sadasya raajaa key liye abhishaap they, aur vampanthi neetiyon ney unhein chintit curr diyaa. pichhale varsh gray ney pahale seey hii ireland key protestant church mein sudhaar key liye kaanoon banaaya thaa. church ney poore ireland mein dashmansh ekatra kiya, kaee bishapon kaa samarthan kiya aur ameer thaa. haalaanki, ayrish aabaadi kaa mushkil seey aathvaan hissa ireland key church seey sambandhit thaa. kuchh pairishon mein, ireland key sadasyon kaa koee church naheen thaa, lekin abhee bhee ack pujari thaa jise sthaaniya catholics aur presbyterians seey ekatra kiye gaye dashmansh key liye bhugtan kiya jaataa thaa, jisase yeh aarop lagaaya jaataa thaa kii bekaar pujari ireland key logon kii keemat parr vilasita mein reh rahey they. gray act ney bishap kii sankhya koo aadhaa curr diyaa thaa, kuchh sinecures koo samaapt curr diyaa thaa aur dashmansh pranali koo badal diyaa thaa. ireland key church key atirikt rajaswa koo uchit banaane key liye aage key upaayon koo sarkaar key adhik kattarpanthi sadasyon dwara prastaavit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen lord johnn russell bhee shamil they. raajaa koo russell key liye ack vishesh napsand thaa, usey "ack khatarnak chhota kattarpanthi" kahaa."
navambar 1834 mein, house off commons key netaa aur sarkari khajaane key kuladhipati, lord althorp koo ack pears viraasat mein milaa, iss prakaar unhein lords key liye commons seey hataa diyaa gayaa. melburn koo ack nayaa aam netaa aur ack nayaa kuladhipati niyukt karna padaa (jise lambe samay taka aam logon seey liya jaanaa chaahiye), lekin ekmatra ummidwar jise melburn ney aam aadami key netaa key roop mein althorp kii jagah lene key liye upayukt mahsoos kiya, vaha lord johnn russell they, jinhen villium (aur kaee anya) ney apani kattarpanthi rajneeti key kaaran asweekarya paaya. villium ney daavaa kiya kii mantralaya koo marammat seey parey kamjor curr diyaa gayaa thaa aur lord althorp koo hataane kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa-jinhone pahale sanket diyaa thaa kii vaha ack sahakarmi banane parr rajneeti seey sevaanivritt hoe jaayenge-poore mantralaya koo barkhast karane key bahaane key roop mein. lord melburn key jaane key baad, villium ney ack tory, surr robbert peel koo satta saunpane kaa faisala kiya. choonki chhilka taba itali mein thaa, isaliye duke off wellington koo asthaayi roop seey pradhaanmantri niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. jaba chhilka vaapas aaya aur apane liye mantralaya kaa netritva grahan kiya, tou usane house off commons mein bhaari bahumat key kaaran shasson karane kii asambhavata dekhi. natijatan, nae chunaavon koo majboor karane key liye sansad koo bhang curr diyaa gayaa. halanki tory ney pichhale chunaav kii tulanaa mein adhik seeten jeetin, phir bhee way alpasankhyak they. peel kuchh maheenon taka karyalaya mein rahey, lekin sansadiya haar kii ack shrinkhala key baad unhone istifa dey diyaa. melburn koo pradhaanmantri key karyalaya mein bahaal curr diyaa gayaa, villium key baaki shasankal key liye vahaan reh gayaa, aur raajaa koo russell koo samanya netaa key roop mein sweekaar karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa.
raajaa kaa lord melburn key saath mishrit sambandh thaa. melburn kii sarkaar ney adhik loktantra koo pesh karane key liye aur adhik vichaar rakhe, jaise kii nichale kanada kii vidhaan parishad koo shaktiyon kaa hastaantaran, jisane raajaa koo bahut chintit curr diyaa, jise darr thaa kii isase antatah coloney kaa nuksan hoe jaayega. pahale tou raajaa ney inn prastaavon kaa kadaa virodh kiya. villium ney kanada key governor general-naamit lord gosphord seey kahaah "dhyaan rakhein kii aap kanada mein kyaa curr rahey hain... mujhe yaad dilaao, merey swami, cabinet meraa cabinet naheen haye; behtar hoga kii way dekhbhal karein yaa bhagwan kii or seey, main una parr mahaabhiyog laataa."jaba villium key bete augustus ney apane pitaa seey poochha kii kyaa raajaa escott saptah key dauran manoranjan karenge, tou villium ney udas hocker jawab diyaa," main mantriyon koo aamantrit kiye binaa koee ratribhoj naheen dey sakata, aur main apane ghar mein unamen seey kissy ack kii tulanaa mein shaitan koo dekhana pasand karunga."phir bhee, villium ney sudhaar key liye mantrimandal kii sifaarishon koo manjuri dee. melburn key saath apani asahamati key bavjood, raajaa ney pradhaan mantri koo badhaai dene key liye garmajoshi seey likhaa jaba unhone carolin norton key sambandh mein unake khilaf laae gaye vyabhichaar mamle mein jeet hassil kii-unhone melburn koo istifa dene kii anumati dene seey incar curr diyaa thaa jaba mamla pahali baar laaya gayaa thaa. raajaa aur pradhaan mantri koo antatah ack "modus vivendi" milaa, jisamen mailborne ney jaba bulaaya tou ranneeti aur dridhata kaa upayog kiya aur villium koo ehsas huaa kii unake pradhaan mantri apani rajneeti mein raajaa key darr seey kaheen cumm kattarpanthi they.
raajaa aur raani donon apani bhatiji, rajkumari alexandrina victoria off kent seey pyaar karate they. ladki key saath ghanishth sambandh banaane key unake prayaas raajaa aur victoria kii vidhwa maan, duchess off kent aur strathern key beach sangharsh seey nirash they. raajaa, duchess dwara apani patni kaa anadar karane parr krodhit hocker, agast 1836 mein apane antim janmadin key bhoj mein iss avsar kaa laabh uthaate hue, iss nirnay koo sweekaar kiya. bhoj mein ikattha hue logon seey baat karate hue, jinamen duchess aur rajkumari victoria shamil theen, villium ney apani ummeed vyakt kii kii vaha victoria key 18 saal key honey taka jeevit rahenge taaki duchess kabhi bhee rajpratinidhi naa hoe. unhone kahaa, "mujhe bhagwan parr bharosa haye kii meraa jeevan nau maheene aur adhik samay key liye bachaa jaa sakata haye... taba mujhe shaahi adhikaar kaa prayog usa yuvati key vyaktigat adhikaar parr chhodane kaa santosh honah chaahiye, joe mukut key prati abhimani uttaradhikari haye, aur abb merey paas key kissy vyakti key haathon mein naheen haye, joe dusht salaahkaaron seey ghiraa huaa haye aur khud usa sthiti mein auchitya key saath kaary karane mein aksham haye jisamen usey rakhaa jaayega."bhaashan itna chaunkaane vaalaa thaa kii victoria row padee, jabaki usaki maan chup baithi thee aur raat key khaane key turant baad (donon agale dinn chaley gaye) jaane key liye majboor naheen thee. villium key prakop ney nissandeh victoria key "ack achche boodhe aadami, halanki sanaki aur advitiya" key roop mein unake prati rookhe drishtikon mein yogdan diyaa. villium jeevit rhaa, halanki vaha ghaatak roop seey beemar thaa, victoria key umr badhane key baad key maheene taka. "garib boodhaa aadami!", victoria ney likhaa kii jaba vaha marr rhaa thaa," mujhe usake liye khed haye; vaha hamesha vyaktigat roop seey merey prati dayalu thaa."
villium aprail 1837 mein prasav key dauran apani sabse badee betty, sofiya, lady dee 'll' aisal aur dudley kii mrityu seey "bahut hill gayaa aur prabhaavit" thaa. villium aur unakaa sabse badaa betaa, munster kaa earl, usa samay alag hoe gaye they, lekin villium koo ummeed thee kii munster seey ack shoke patra ney sulah kaa sanket diyaa thaa. usaki aashaaen poori naheen huin aur yeh sochkar bhee kii usey paryaapt paisa yaa sanrakshan naheen diyaa gayaa thaa, vaha anta taka kadwa rhaa.
raani adelide ney marane vaale villium mein samarpit roop seey bhaag liya, duss dinon seey adhik samay taka khud koo bistar parr naheen leey gaee. villium kii mrityu 20 juuna 1837 kii subah windser mahal mein hui, jahan unhein sent george chappel mein shaahi tahakhaane mein dafnaya gayaa thaa.
viraasat.
villium key paas koee vaidh mudda naheen thaa, isaliye british simhaasan unaki bhatiji victoria koo saunp diyaa gayaa, joe rajkumar edward kii ekmatra vaidh santan thee, duke off kent aur strathern, george III key chauthe bete. salik kaanoon key tahat, ack mahila hannover parr shasson naheen curr sakati thee, aur isaliye hannoverian simhaasan george III key paanchven bete, ernest augustus key paas gayaa. villium kii mrityu ney iss prakaar britten aur hanovar key vyaktigat sangh koo samaapt curr diyaa, joe 1714 seey banaa huaa thaa. unaki vaseeyat key mukhya labharthi shrimati dwara unake aathh jeevit bachche they. jorden. halanki villium sanyukt raajya key baad key raajaon key pratyaksh poorvaj naheen hain, lekin unake avaidh parivaar key madhyam seey unake kaee ullekhaniya vanshaj hain. jorden, jisamen poorv pradhaanmantri david cameron, tv prastutkarta addam haart-davis aur lekhak aur rajneta duff cooper shamil hain.
villium IV kaa shasankal chhota lekin ghatanapurna thaa. britten mein, sudhaar sankat ney house off commons key prabhutva aur house off lords key anuroop girawat koo chihnit kiya, aur melburn mantralaya koo hataane key raajaa key asafal prayaas ney taaj key raajneetik prabhaav aur matdaataon parr raajaa key prabhaav mein kamee kaa sanket diyaa. george III key shasankal key dauran, raajaa ack mantralaya koo barkhast curr sakate they, dusare koo niyukt curr sakate they, sansad koo bhang curr sakate they, aur ummeed curr sakate they kii matadaata nae prashaasan key paksh mein matdan karenge. aisaa 1784 mein fox-north gathbandhan key barkhast honey key baad aur 1807 mein lord grainville key barkhast honey key baad huaa thaa. lekin jaba villium ney melburn mantralaya koo khariz curr diyaa, tou peel key tahat tory agami chunaav jeetane mein whiffle rahey. matdaataon kii raay koo prabhaavit karane kii samrat kii kshamata aur isaliye rashtriya neeti cumm hoe gaee thee. villium key uttaradhikariyon mein seey kissy ney bhee sansad kii ichcha key khilaf sarkaar koo hataane yaa kissy anya koo niyukt karane kaa prayaas naheen kiya haye. villium ney samajha kii ack samvaidhaanik samrat key roop mein unake paas sansad kii raay key khilaf kaary karane kii koee shakti naheen thee. unhone kahaa, "cheejon key baare mein meraa vichaar haye, aur main unhein apane mantriyon koo bataata huun. aggar way unhein god naheen lete hain, tou main unaki madad naheen curr sakata. maine apana kartavya nibhaaya haye."
villium key shasankal key dauran, british sansad ney pramukh sudhaaron koo lagu kiya, jisamen 1833 kaa karkhana adhiniyam (baal shram koo rokna), gulami unmoolan adhiniyam 1833 (upaniveshon mein daason kii mukti), aur garib kaanoon sanshodhan adhiniyam 1834 (besahara logon key liye mankikaran praavdhaan) shamil hain. villium ney sudharakon seey aalochana koo aakarshit kiya, jinhone mahsoos kiya kii sudhaar kaafee door naheen gayaa, aur pratikriyavadiyon seey, jinhone mahsoos kiya kii sudhaar bahut door chalaa gayaa. ack aadhunik vyakhya unhein dou katu virodhi guton key beach samjhauta karane kii koshish karke kissy bhee raajneetik charam koo santusht karane mein whiffle honey key roop mein dekhti haye, lekin iss prakriya mein khud koo ack samvaidhaanik samrat key roop mein adhik saksham saabit kartaa haye joe kaee logon ney maanaa thaa.
sammaan aur hathiyar.
british aur hanovarian sammaan
videshi sammaan
hathiyar.
raajaa banane seey pahale, villium koo, samprabhu key putra key roop mein, 1781 mein shaahi hathiyaron kaa upayog (hanovarian quarter mein chunavi inscutchian key binaa) diyaa gayaa thaa, joe teen binduon key label seey bhinn thaa, kendra bindu ack cross gool, pratyek baahari bindu ack lunger neelmani dhaaran kartaa haye. 1801 mein shaahi hathiyaron key saath unaki baahon mein badalaav kiya gayaa, halanki antar key nishan samaan rahey.
raajaa key roop mein, villium ney sanyukt raajya key shaahi coat off arms kaa upayog kiya, jisamen koee antar naheen thaah timahi, i aur iv gulles teen sheron key passent guardant peele yaa (ingland key liye); ii yaa ack dabaav vaale flore-counter-flory gulles (scotland key liye) key bheetar ack shher prabal roop seey; iii azure ack harp yaa stringed argant (ireland key liye); samagr roop seey ack escutchian prati pellure aur prati chevron (hannover key liye), i gulles dou shher passent guardant yaa (brunswick key liye), ii yaa dilon key dushman ack shher gulles ack prabal azure (leburn key liye), iii ack corrent argant (westfelia key liye), ack ghode key corrent mein ack samagr charge kiya gayaa charchen yaa poore mukut key saath ack mukut key saath ack samagr escune, ack poore mukut dwara charge kiya gayaa.