
latvian senaa

latvian senaa () dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran german waffen-aiss. aiss. kaa ack gathan thaa. 1943 mein banaaya gayaa, isamen mukhya roop seey jaatiya latvian karmi shamil they. senaa mein waffen-aiss. aiss. key dou prabhaag shamil theh aiss. aiss. (1 laa latvian) kaa 15vaan waffen grenadier division, aur aiss. aiss. (2 laa latvian) kaa 19vaan waffen grenadier division. 15veen division prashaasnik roop seey vis core key adheen thee, lekin parichaalan mein yeh aarakshit yaa XXXIII senaa core, 16veen senaa, senaa samooh uttar key niptan mein thaa. 19veen division maee 1945 taka courtland pockett mein aayojit kiya gayaa, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta taka, jaba yeh aatmasamarpan karane key liye naazi germany kii senaaon mein seey antim thaa.
srijan.
latvian senaa kaa gathan janwari 1943 mein adolph hitler key adesh parr aiss. aiss. key pramukh heinrich himler key anurodh parr kiya gayaa thaa. bull key praarambhik kendra mein latvian pulis bataliyanon kii aabaadi thee, joe suraksha kartavyon key liye 1941 mein shuru hui thee aur pahale seey hii wehrmatch kamaand key tahat purvi morche parr seva curr rahee thee. jabaki holocost sahayogi araaj comando key sadasya baad mein senaa mein shamil hoe gaye, yeh yuddh mein dair seey thaa kyonki comando koo pakshapaat virodhi aur yahudi virodhi kaarravaai seey hataa diyaa gayaa thaa, disambar 1944 mein senaa seey judee pahali poorv araaj ikai key saath.
disambar 1941 key rosenberg shram adesh key tahat, germans ney 1942 kii shuruat mein latvian logon koo bharti karna shuru curr diyaa thaa, jisase unhein shram seva yaa pulis batalian mein shamil honey kaa vikalp mill gayaa thaa. ikai kii sthaapana key ack maheene baad, latvia mein german kabje vaale adhikaariyon ney vishesh roop seey sainya dall key liye sainya ayu varg key purushon koo bharti karna shuru curr diyaa. drafties koo wehrmatch-adheenasth waffen-aiss. aiss. leason mein seva karane, german wehrmatch sahayak key roop mein seva karane, yaa germany mein ack gulam shram shivir mein bheje jaane key beach ack vikalp diyaa gayaa thaa. jinn logon ney una vikalpon mein seey ack seey bachane kii koshish kii, unhein giraftar curr liya gayaa aur yaatana shiviron mein bhej diyaa gayaa. natijatan, senaa mein seva karane vaale purushon mein seey kewal 15-20% vaastavik swayamsevak they. lithuania key vipareet, latvia mein sambhaavit sainya bharti ney anivarya bharti kaa aadhikarik bahishkaar aayojit naheen kiya; kuchh latvian naazi yuddh key prayaas kii seva karane key bajaay chhod gaye.
naazi germany key yuddh haarne key saath, badee aur badee sankhya mein latvian logon koo anivarya roop seey bharti kiya gayaa. pahali bharti, 1943 mein, 1919 seey 1924 taka paida hue sabhi latvian purushon parr lagu hui. baad mein anubandh antatah 1906 aur 1928 key beach paida hue latvian logon taka vistaarit hue. division commander aur adhikansh karmchari german key adhikaari they. vyaktigat ladaakoo resiments kii kamaan aamtaur parr latvian adhikaariyon dwara kii jaati thee.
navambar 1943 mein latvia parr aage badhate hue laal senaa key pahale baltic morche key saath nevel mein german lines koo todane key baad, latvian swa-prashaasan ney 13 navambar koo germans seey jutai. 26 juuna taka latvia key latgale seey 7,671 jaatiya russie they, joe iss kshetra key duss pratishat purushon kaa pratinidhitva karate they, joe latvian senaa kii vibhinn ikaaiyon mein seva curr rahey they. 1 julaai, 1944 koo latvian senaa mein 87,550 purush they. anya 23,000 latvian wehermacht "sahayak" key roop mein seva curr rahey they.
parichaalan itihas.
pahali latvian senaa ikai 2 latvian ss brigade thee, jise farwari 1943 mein banaaya gayaa thaa. isane 18 march 1943 koo pulkovo vedhshala key saamane, leningrad kii gherabandi mein apani pahali ladaai ladee. yeh janwari 1944 mein german balon key peechhe hatane taka leningrad key aspas ladaai jaari rakhee.
15vein waffen-aiss. aiss. division kaa gathan kiya gayaa aur navambar 1943 mein ise front mein bheja gayaa. mool roop seey, ise pskov oblast key ostrove aur novosokolniki jilon mein bheja gayaa thaa, lekin german senaa koo vahaan asafalataon kaa saamana karna padaa, janwari 1944 mein novgorod oblast key belebelka jile mein sthitiyon mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. yeh ack maheene baad vahaan seey peechhe hutt gayaa. farwari 1944 key anta mein, donon ikaaiyon ney sorota aur velikaya nadiyon parr sanyukt rakshaatmak sthiti leey lii. usa samay, doosari brigade kaa naam badalkar 19veen waffen-aiss. aiss. division curr diyaa gayaa thaa. agale dou maheenon mein, inn padon parr teevra ladaai dekhi gaee.
aprail 1944 mein, senaa koo anya ikaaiyon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa aur opochka seey 50 kimmy poorv mein bardovo-kudevar mein cumm sakriya padon parr sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. yeh juuna 1944 mein vahaan hamale key adheen aaya aur 10 julaai, 1944 koo 17 julaai koo latvian-russie seema paar karate hue peechhe hatna shuru curr diyaa.
agast aur sitambar 1944 mein, 15vein division koo naee bhartiyon key saath punahpurti key liye prussia mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh 22 janwari 1945 koo yuddh mein shamil honey kaa adesh diye jaane taka danzig key paas prashikshan mein thaa. usa samay, division mein lagbhag 15,000 sanic shamil they. yeh janwari aur farwari mein danzig key paas ladaa, march kii shuruat mein pomerania mein peechhe hutt gayaa. aprail kii shuruat taka, division ghataakar 8,000 purushon taka aaa gayaa thaa. lagbhag 1,000 koo samudra dwara courtland pockett mein balon koo phir seey bharane key liye bheja gayaa thaa, baaki ladaai key dauran khou gaye they. 11 aprail koo, division koo poore division koo courtland mein sthanantarit karane kii yojana key baare mein bataaya gayaa thaa. yeh dekhate hue kii yuddh khou gayaa thaa aur yeh samajh kii courtland koo bheje jaane kaa matlab antatah soviyat sangh key saamane aatmasamarpan karna hoga, vibhajan ney isake bajaay paschimi sahyogiyon key saamane aatmasamarpan karane kaa faisala kiya, isake vipareet, jaba aavashyak hoe tou german aadeshon kii avagya kii.
19veen division ney latvia mein ladanaa jaari rakhaa. octuber 1944 mein, lithuania mein soviyat senaa kii pragati ney ise aur courtland kii jeb mein anya ikaaiyon koo baaki german balon seey kaat diyaa. yeh 1944 aur 1945 mein courtland pockett mein soviyat aur german senaaon key beach chhah ladaaiyon kaa ack hissa thaa. disambar 1944 mein teesari ladaai key dauran, virodhi soviyat ikaaiyon mein dou latvian prabhaag, 43 vein aur 308 vein shamil they, joe soviyat-adhikrit purvi latvia mein bharti seey baney they. jaba latvian ikaaiyon ney saamane key donon taraf ack-dusare kaa saamana kiya, tou way kaafee anichhuk they aur kabhi-kabhi binaa goli chalaae alag hoe jaate they. soviyat kamaan kuchh dinon key baad latvian divisions koo kaheen aur sthanantarit curr degi. courtland pockett mein anya ikaaiyon key saath, 19vein division ney 9 maee, 1945 koo yuddh key anta mein soviyat sangh key saamane aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. baad mein, lagbhag 50,000 latvian sanic yuddh key soviyat kaidi bunn gaye, jinhen nispandan yaa gulag shiviron mein kaid curr liya gayaa. kuchh sainya sainikon ney yuddh key anta key baad duss saal taka vann bhaaiyon key roop mein soviyaton seey ladanaa jaari rakhaa.
latvian senaaon kii prerana.
 15vein division key commander oberfuherrer adolph aiks ney 27 janwari 1945 koo bataayah "way pahale aur sabse mahatvapurna latvian hain. way ack sthaayi latvian rashtra raajya chaahte hain. germany aur roose key beach chayan karane key liye majboor, unhone germany koo chunaa haye, kyonki way paschimi sabhyata key saath sahyog chaahte hain. germans kaa shasson unhein dou buraaiyon mein seey cumm lagata haye."iss drishtikon key parinamswarup 1940 aur 1941 key beach soviyat kabje kaa ack hissa, jise" "aatank kaa varsh" "() kahaa jaataa haye, jisake dauran hajaaron latvian parivaaron koo maar diyaa gayaa yaa cyberia mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa, jisamen purushon koo mahilaaon aur bachchon seey alag karke pratirodh koo todane key liye.
leason kamaand ney iss baat parr jore diyaa kii latvian soviyat punah kabje key khilaf lada rahey they. bhagwan key naam parr sainikon ney german senaa aur usake commander adolph hitler key adheen honey kaa vaadaa kiya, sahsi honey aur "bolshevism key khilaf ladaai mein" apana jeevan dene key liye taiyar rahane kaa vaadaa kiya. legionaires ney laal senaa seey ladane kii ummeed kii jaba taka kii yeh latvia key liye koee khatra naheen thaa aur phir naazi germany key khilaf muda gayaa, 1918-1920 key latvian swatantrata yuddh kii punaravritti key roop mein, jaba latvian balon ney bolshevik aur german donon balon koo nishkaasit curr diyaa. leejnariyon ney usa aashaa key prateek key roop mein apani vardi key neeche latvian jhande liye hue they. yeh bhavna sabse lokpriya sainya geeton mein seey ack mein bhee parilakshit hui joe chalaa gayaah "humm una juon seey peedit logon koo haraa denge-phir seey, phir seey. usake baad humm una neele-ghaas koo phir seey, (bolshevikon aur germans key liye saumyokti key saath) kuchal denge. sahyogiyon ney 1943 kii shuruat mein isaki pushti kii, jaba ack british khoji mission ney paaya kii latvian apane soviyat aur german donon kabjedaaron key khilaf khade they.
latvian, jaisa kii astonian aur cumm hudd taka lithuanian logon kaa maanana thaa kii paschimi shaktiyaan, vishesh roop seey britten, unaki sahaayata key liye aaenge jaisa kii unhone 1918-1920 mein kiya thaa. inn aashaon koo navambar 1944 mein praapt sahayogi sancharon seey bull milaa thaa jisamen british kamaan ney unhein ack sanyukt british-americi bede key baltic mein pravesh karane taka courtland rakhane kaa nirdesh diyaa thaa. vaastav mein, churchill aur roozvelt ney pahale seey hii baltic koo niji taur parr stallin mein bhej diyaa thaa.
purvi morche parr sthiti bigadane key kaaran araaj comando jaisi gyaat holocost sahayogi pulis batalian ikaaiyaan yuddh mein dair seey senaa mein shamil hoe gaeen.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad.
1946 mein, neuremberg nyayadhikaran ney waffen-aiss. aiss. koo ack aaparaadhik sangathan ghoshit kiya, jisamen una logon koo apavaad banaaya gayaa jinhen jabaran bharti kiya gayaa thaa. neuremberg nyayadhikaran ney faisala sunaaya kii jinhone baltic senaa mein seva kii thee, way anivarya they, swayamsevakon key naheen, aur unhein soviyat kabje seey apani matribhoomi kii raksha karane vaale swatantrata senaniyon key roop mein paribhaashit kiya aur iss tarah way aaparaadhik waffen aiss. aiss. key sachche sadasya naheen they.
baad mein, 13 aprail 1950 koo, sambaddh uchch aayog (hicog) kaa ack sandesh, jiss parr johnn jey. ney hastakshar kiye. raajya key sachiv koo mccloy ney baltic senaaon parr americi sthiti spasht keeh "unhein 'andolanon', 'swayamsevak' yaa 'aiss' key roop mein naheen dekhaa jaanaa thaa. sankshep mein, unhein prashikshan, upadesh aur preran samanya roop seey aiss. aiss. sadasyon koo naheen diyaa gayaa thaa.
neuremberg aur sambaddh uchch aayog key poorna samarthan key saath, americi visthaapit vyaktiyon key aayog ney sitambar 1950 mein ghoshana kii kih 
"baltic waffen aiss. aiss. ikaaiyon (baltic senaa) koo german aiss. aiss. seey sadasyata key liye alag aur alag uddeshya, vichardhara, gatividhiyon aur yogyata key roop mein maanaa jaanaa chaahiye, aur isaliye aayog unhein sanyukt raajya kii sarkaar key liye ack virodhi andolan naheen maanata haye.""
iss nirnay seey pahale bhee, lagbhag 1,000 poorv latvian senaa key sainikon ney naazi yuddh apraadhiyon kii raksha karate hue, neuremberg parikshanon mein rakshak key roop mein kaam kiya thaa. baad mein, berlin nakabandi key dauran, unhone berlin airlift mein shamil sahayogi suvidhaon koo surakshit karane mein bhaag liya aur baad mein americi senaa key mukhyalaya kii raksha bhee curr rahey they.
soviyat kaal key dauran, latvian senaa koo 1943 mein naazi germany dwara avaidh roop seey bharti kiye jaane key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen yuddh aparaadhi honey yaa narsamhar mein shamil honey kaa koee sanket naheen thaa. udaaharan key liye, 1960 key dashak key dauran (sheet yuddh key dauran) riga film studio mein banaai gaee soviyat film "aaee remember aul dha aul, richard" (jise "rock aind splinters" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye), soviyat prachaar clitch seey bharee hui haye, spasht roop seey una logon key beach sainya sainikon key sambandh mein kaee aavashyak pahaluon kii maanyata koo darshaati haih kii way jyaadaatar agrim pankti key sanic they, way jyaadaatar balpurvak bharti kiye gaye they, way naazi vichardhara key samarthak naheen they, unhone narsamhar mein bhaag naheen liya thaa. yeh roose key soviyat-pashchaat key rukh key saath teevra virodhabhas haye, joe senaa koo yuddh apraadhiyon key roop mein ninda kartaa haye aur antarrashtriya paridrishya parr latvia parr raajneetik aur vaichaarik dabaav banaane key liye senaa key mudde kaa upayog kartaa haye.
1946 mein samajik loktantravadiyon key netritva mein sweeden kii gathbandhan sarkaar ney swedish samaaj key kaee kshetron seey majboot virodh key bavjood, latvian senaa (kuchh astonian senaa aur lithuanian sanic bhee) key sainikon koo pratyarpit kiya, joe sweeden bhaag gaye they aur ack ghatana mein ussr mein nazarband curr diye gaye they jise "baltutalmingen" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. 1990 key dashak mein swedish sarkaar ney sweekaar kiya kii yeh ack galati thee. jeevit baltic diggajon koo 1994 mein sweeden mein aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa, jahan way sweeden key raajaa carle xv gustaf aur sweeden margaretha afglass key videsh mamalon key mantri seey mille they aur unake pratyarpan key aspas kii ghatnaaon key smaarak mein vibhinn samarohon mein bhaag liya thaa. raajaa aur videsh mantri donon ney sweeden key baltic sainya tukadiyon key pichhale pratyarpan key liye khed vyakt kiya.
haalaanki latvian senaa key rakshakon kii sthiti kaafee vyaapak haye, kuchh vidwan iss baat parr jore dete hain kii yeh maanane key liye aadhar hain kii latvian senaa mein neuremberg parikshanon mein nirdisht ack aaparaadhik sangathan kii sabhi visheshtaen hainh senaa mein bharti prakriya mein kuchh vishishtataaen theen, joe nishchit roop seey isake anivarya charitra key baare mein bolane kii anumati naheen detee hain.
yuddh apraadhon key aarop.
holocast mein senaa key kuchh sadasyon kii bhagidari, jisamen 600 araaj comando key sadasya bhee they, aur latvian fasiwadi andolan key sadasyon koo senaa mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
aur narsamhar pratibhagiyon ney, inn aaropon koo janm diyaa haye kii, antarrashtriya sainya kaanoon key tahat, sainya dall ack aaparaadhik sangathan key maandandon koo puuraa kartaa haye aur/yaa isake sadasyon kaa ack mahatvapurna anupaat, pratyaksh yaa apratyaksh roop seey yuddh apraadhon mein shamil thaa. yeh bhee daavaa kiya gayaa haye kii sainya dall key sanic 1945 mein podgaje mein polish dhanush key narsamhar mein shamil they. bhale hii neuremberg nyayadhikaran ney latvian waffen aiss. aiss. ikaaiyon koo aaparaadhik sangathanon kii soochi seey baahar curr diyaa thaa, lekin dubale kaziritsky jaise vidvaanon ney tark diyaa haye kii latvian sainya dall key paas ack aaparaadhik sangathan kii sabhi visheshtaen hain, jaisa kii nyayadhikaran dwara paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. 
anya vidvaanon aur shodhkartaon, jaise kii finish patrakaar jukka rislaki ney apani 2008 kii pustak "" mein sainya dall key varnan koo ack aaparaadhik sangathan key roop mein khariz curr diyaa haye. rislaki ney ise "sangh dwara aparaadh" kaa ack udaaharan bataaya haye.
latvian senaaon kaa smaran divas.
yuddh key baad key varshon mein, paschimi nirvaasan mein latvian senaa key diggajon key sangathan dwara 16 march koo chunaa gayaa thaa, latvian senaa key dinn key roop mein, velikaya nadee key purvi tata parr pahaadi "93,4" key liye ack ladaai key uplakshya mein, donon 15vein aur 19vein waffen-aiss divisions dwara ladaa gayaa thaa. 1990 mein, sainya diggajon ney latvia mein 16 march koo yaad karna shuru kiya. 1998 mein latvia kii saima (sansad) ney ise ack aadhikarik rashtriya smaran divas key roop mein matdan kiya. haalaanki, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran aur baad mein pratirodh senaniyon key roop mein soviyat sangh key khilaf ladane vaale sabhi logon koo shamil karane key liye, "sainyadal" shabd koo smaran divas key naam seey baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa. antarrashtriya dabaav ney saima koo 2000 mein "raajya smaran divason" kii soochi seey 16 march koo hataane key liye majboor kiya.
haal key varshon mein 16 march kii ghatanaaen kaafee takraav vaali rahee hain, latvian rashtravadi sangathanon (jaise rashtriya gathbandhan aur rashtriya shakti ekataa) ney latvian senaa key samarthan mein march kiya, aur mukhya roop seey russie sangathanon (latvian russie sangh) ney virodh pradarshan kiya aur march koo avaruddh karane kaa prayaas kiya. 1998 mein latvian senaa key sadasyon key smaran divas key aadhikarik smaranotsav key aspas vishesh roop seey kathor vivaad key kaaran, latvian adhikaari isake aadhikarik sammaan seey bachate hain. vartamaan mein, latvian adhikaariyon kii aadhikarik sthiti yeh haye kii yeh dinn mukhya roop seey diggajon aur unake rishtedaron kaa niji vyavasaay haye.
21 farwari 2012 koo naslavaad aur asahishnuta key khilaf europe key aayog kii parishad ney latvia (chautha nigrani chakr) parr apani report prakaashit kii, jisamen isane una vyaktiyon key smaarak kii ninda kii jinhone waffen aiss. aiss. mein ladaai ladee aur naziyon key saath sahyog kiya. ee. see. aar. ney ack sabhaa key pradhikaran key sambandh mein chinta vyakt kii, joe sainikon kii yaad mein ack latvian ikai mein ladey they, joe harr saal 16 march koo hotaa haye aur reega key kendra mein aayojit kiya jaataa haye, aur reega (1 julaai koo) key naazi kabje kaa jashn manaane key liye nirdhaarit ack karyakram key saksham adalaton dwara pradhikaran parr nirasha vyakt kii. isane yeh bhee chinta vyakt kii kii poorv videsh mantri ney march kii ninda naheen kii thee, aur isake vipareet, iska samarthan kiya thaa. ee. see. aar. ney sifarish kii kii "latvian adhikaari una vyaktiyon koo yaad karane key sabhi prayason kii ninda karate hain jinhone waffen aiss. aiss. mein ladaai ladee aur naziyon key saath sahyog kiya. ee. see. aar. aage anushansa kartaa haye kii adhikaari kissy bhee tarah seey naziwad koo vaidh banaane vaale kissy bhee sabhaa yaa march parr pratibandh lagaa dein.13 march 2014 koo, europeeya sansad kii manvadhikar upa-samiti key pravakta, yuu. key. laber mape richard howitt ney ack bayaan jaari kiya jisamen yeh vichaar shamil thaa kii" kyaa sthaaniya ladakon koo aiss kii vardi pahanane key liye majboor kiya gayaa thaa yaa way utsuk swayamsevak they, unake karyon kaa utsav naa kewal peediton kii smriti kaa upman kartaa haye, balki naziwad kaa sammaan bhee kartaa haye."apani website parr, howitt ney waffen aiss. aiss. march kaa hawala dete hue, latvian sarkaar mein rashtravadi tatvon key saath gathbandhan key liye roodhivaadi party kii aalochana kii.