arthshastra (abhijaat)

arthshastra (;) abhijaat varg key liye ack kaary haye. adhikansh aadhunik vidwan ise abhijaat varg key chhaatr yaa unake uttaradhikari theophrastus key liye shreya dete hain.
parichay.
iss kaam key sheershak kaa arth haye "gharelu prabandhan" aur yeh yunani shabd, οκος, "oikos", jiska arth haye "ghar/ghar" seey liya gayaa haye. iss shabd mein gharelu vitt shamil haye kyonki yeh aaj aam taur parr jaanaa jaataa haye aur yeh parivaar key sadasyon kii bhoomikaon koo bhee paribhaashit kartaa haye. vyaapak arthon mein parivaar samagr roop seey arthshastra kii shuruat haye. ghar key rakharkhaav kii praakritik, rosemarra kii gatividhiyaan arthavyavastha kii shuruat key liye aavashyak hain. kheti, safai aur khaana pakaane seey laker shramikon koo kaam parr rakhane aur aapaki sampatti kii raksha karane taka, parivaar samaaj kii aadhunik samajh key liye ack model pesh curr sakata haye. iss granth mein shamil dou pustaken arthshastra key arth kaa pataa lagaati hain aur yeh darshaati hain kii isake kaee alag-alag pahalu hain.
pustak aaee.
pustak I koo chhah adhyaayon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye joe arthshastra koo paribhaashit karna shuru karate hain. paath kii shuruat iss baat kaa varnan karate hue hoti haye kii arthshastra aur rajneeti dou pramukh tarikon seey bhinn hain, ack, una vishayon mein jinake saath way vyavhaar karate hain aur dou, isamen shamil shasakon kii sankhya. ack ghar key malik kii tarah, arthavyavastha mein kewal ack hii shasson hotaa haye, jabaki rajneeti mein kaee shaasak shamil hotey hain. donon vigyaanon key vyavasaayi apane paas joe kuchh haye uska sabse achchha upayog karane kii koshish curr rahey hain taaki way safal hoe sakein.
ack ghar ack aadami aur usaki sampatti seey banaa hotaa haye. isake baad, krishi iss sampatti key liye sabse praakritik roop seey upayog kiya jaane vaalaa achchha roop haye. taba aadami koo ack patni dhoondhani chaahiye. bachchon koo aage aanaa chaahiye kyonki jaise-jaise aadami boodhaa hoga, way ghar kii dekhbhal karane mein saksham honge. inhen arthshastra kaa vishay kahaa jaataa haye.
patni key kartavya agala mahatvapurna vishay haye. ack patni key saath usake pati koo sammaanpurvak vyavhaar karna chaahiye, aur vaha bachche paida karke usaki madad karegi. ack aadami koo apani patni key saath yaun sambandhon mein vinamra honah padata haye aur yaun anubhavon parr dhyaan naheen denaa padata haye. patni koo ghar key shaant pahaluon kaa paalan-poshan karna chaahiye aur dhyaan rakhna chaahiye. usake kartavyon koo ghar key aantarik hisse koo banaae rakhane parr kendrit honah chaahiye. purush koo usa mein yeh vishvaas jagaana chaahiye thaa kii usey apani patni key saath kabhi bhee galat naheen karna chaahiye.
isake baad, krishi mein shamil purush koo apane kartavyon koo puuraa karane mein madad karane key liye daason kii aavashyakta hogi. ack gulam koo usake kaam key liye bhojan diyaa jaanaa chaahiye lekin usey achchi tarah seey anushaasit honah chaahiye. yeh ack aadami kaa kartavya haye kii vaha apani bhoomi key harr pahalu kii dekhrekh karey, kyonki yeh usaki haye. usaki bhoomi kii gunavatta kabhi bhee dusaron parr naheen chhodi jaani chaahiye, kyonki loga swabhavik roop seey ack aadami kii sampatti kaa sammaan naheen karate hain jaisa kii vaha khud kartaa haye. 
ack sachche arthashastri key roop mein, ack vyakti koo dhana key adhikaar mein chaar guna laane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. bhoomi kaa adhigrahan aur usaki raksha karna mahatvapurna haye. buddhimani seey upayog karane seey aisee upaj milati haye jise becha jaa sakata haye, iss prakaar dhana badhata haye.
pustak I, taba, ack parichay haye joe arthavyavastha key buniyaadi gathan koo darshaata haye. jaise-jaise harr vyakti inn kartavyon kaa paalan kartaa haye, ack pranali mein sampattiyon kii khareed-farokht aur ack aisee falati-phoolati jeevan shally shamil hogi joe ack sabhyata kaa samarthan karati haye. inn buniyaadi dishaanirdeshon key saath manushya dhana jamaa curr sakata haye aur arthavyavastha key ack roop koo protsaahit curr sakata haye.
pustak II.
doosari pustak iss vichaar key saath shuru hoti haye kii chaar alag-alag prakaar kii arthavyavasthaaen hain. yeye shaahi arthavyavastha, kshatrap arthavyavastha, raajneetik arthavyavastha aur vyaktigat arthavyavastha hain. joe koee bhee arthavyavastha mein safaltapurvak aur samarthanpurvak bhaag lene kaa irada rakhta haye, usey arthavyavastha key usa hisse kii harr visheshta koo jaanane kii aavashyakta haye jisamen vaha shamil haye.
sabhi arthvyavasthaon mein ack hii siddhant samaan haye. chaahe kuchh bhee kiya jaae, kharch aaya seey adhik naheen hoe sakata haye. ise ack mahatvapurna mudde key roop mein diyaa gayaa haye, joe 'arthavyavastha' kii dhaarana key liye maulik haye.doosari pustak kaa shesh bhaag aitihaasik ghatnaaon seey sambandhit haye jinhone mahatvapurna tarikon kaa nirmaan kiya jisamen arthvyavasthaon ney adhik kushalata seey kaam karna shuru kiya aur kuchh shabdon kii utpatti aaj bhee upayog mein haye. mukhya vishay kissy bhee arthavyavastha aur vishesh ghatnaaon key madhyam seey dhana kaa pravaah haye.
abhijaat varg ney arthshastra aur utkrishtata key beach ack antar bhee sthaapit kiya joe madhyayugeen vichaar mein moolbhoot hoga. abhijaat varg key liye, dhana kaa sanchay apane aap mein ack apraakritik gatividhi haye joe iska abhyaas karane vaalon koo amanviya banaati haye.
yuddh, aur vishesh roop seey deshon key samagr sanrakshan ney rinn, rinn, badhe hue karon aur jatil niveshon key kaee roopon koo janm diyaa. yuddh ney kharchon koo puuraa karane key liye dhana badhaane kii maang kii. isaliye, ethan jaise sthaanon koo yaa tou anya sthaanon seey paise udhaar lene kii aavashyakta hoti haye yaa vishisht vittiya vyavasthaon key madhyam seey purushon (bhaade key sainikon) koo diyaa jaataa haye.
samudri anveshan aur schooly shiksha key liye bhugtan karane jaisi anya ghatnaaon ney bhee vibhinn prakaar key dhana key adaan-pradaan mein vriddhi kii, jisase arthvyavasthaon koo aur badhaava milaa. kull milakar, yeh granth chauthi shatabdi kii yunani aarthik prathaon kaa ack drishtikon pradaan kartaa haye joe sthool staron seey laker vibhinn sookshm staron taka haye. inca avalokan aaj bhee praasangik hoe sakata haye.
teesari pustak kewal mool yunani key lattin sanskaranon seey gyaat haye aur pati aur patni key beach sambandhon seey sambandhit haye.

