
gwaliyar gharaana

gwaliyar gharaana (shaastriya sangeet kaa gwaliyar school) bhaaratiya shaastriya sangeet mein sabse puraane khyaal gharanon mein seey ack haye. gwaliyar gharaane kaa uday mugal samrat akbar (1542-1605) key shasankal key saath shuru huaa.
kalaa key iss sanrakshak key pasandida gaayak, jaise kii miyan tansen, joe akbar key darbar mein sabse prasiddh gaayak they, gwaliyar shahar seey aae they.
itihas.
gwaliyar gharaana mugal samrajya (1526 esvi 1857 esvi) key samay mein vikasit huaa. praarambhik guruon (ustaad) mein nathan khaan, nathan peer bakhsh aur unake potey haddu, hassu aur nattu khaan they. shaahi darbar mein pramukh sangeetkaar badey mohammad khaan they, joe apani "taana baaji" shally key liye prasiddh they. badey mohammad khaan aur nathan peer bakhsh donon shaahi sadrang (jise nemat khaan, dhrupad gaayak aur muhammad shaah (1702 esvi 1748 esvi) key darbar mein veenaa vaadak key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye) kii ack hii parampara seey sambandhit they.
hassu khaan (mrityu 1859 esvi) aur haddu khaan (mrityu 1875 esvi) ney gwaliyar gaayan shally kaa vikas jaari rakhaa. haddu khaan key bete ustaad badey inayat hussain khaan (1852-1922) bhee ack gaayak they, lekin unaki shally vidhipoorvak gwaliyar shally seey alag hoe gaee.
bhaaiyon key chhatron mein vasudev buwa joshi (mrityu 1890) they, joe ack shikshak baney; aur ramkrishna deva, joe dhaar mein ack sangeetkaar baney. ramkrishna deva key chhaatr balkrishnabuwa ichalkaranjikar (1849-1926) ney maharashtra raajya mein gwaliyar "gaiki" (gaayan shally) laaee.
donon key ack anya pramukh shishya amritsar key ack muslim dhrupad aur dhamaar gaayak, miyan banne khaan they. unhone panjab aur sindh mein khyaal kii shuruat kii aur phir hyderabad key nizam key darbar mein sangeet kii sthiti mein aae. miyan banne khaan key shishyon mein unake chachere bhaai, ameer khaan (jinhen "miran bukhsh khaan" key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye), gamman khaan, bhaai ataa muhammad, allie bakhsh khaan (ustaad badey gulam allie khaan key pitaa), kaale khaan, miyan kadir (saarangi), bhaai wadhawa, bhaai vaasaa, baaba rehmann bakhsh shamil they.
inn sabhi shishyon ney apane gharaane shuru kiye aur unake vanshaj abhee bhee upmahadweep key sabse sammaanit sangeetkaar hain. ameer khaan ney pann. key shishyon key saath miyan banne khaan kii cheez bhee saajha kii. balkrishnabuwa ichalkaranjikar jaba kuchh samay key liye miraj mein rahey. haalaanki, unake shishyon mein unake chaar bete bhee shamil they. beton mein seey ack, pyaare khaan, ack peshevar sangeetkaar bunn gaye. ack anya putra, baaba sindhe khaan (1885-18 juuna 1950) ack sangeet shikshak baney aur shikshak bee jaise prashikshit chhaatr baney. aar. devdhar (1901-1990); gaayak badey gulam allie khaan (1902-1968), aur farida khanam (janm 1935). 
19 agast 1922 koo, pyaare khaan ney afghanistan kii swatantrata key dusare vaarshik samaroh mein pradarshan kiya. vaha afghanistan key ack gaayak key liye ack maargdarshak bunn gaye, joe utsav mein pradarshan bhee curr rahey they. yeh gaayak kasim afghan ("kasimju") (janm 1878, kabul) thaa. pyaare khaan jaisalmer (1914-1949) key maharajadhiraj mahrawal (surr jawahir sinh) key darbar mein bhee ack sangeetkaar baney rahey. way karachi key paas sindh mein hyderabad key sethh vishand aur panjab key amaan shaah key mahant girdharidas key shikshak bhee they.
miyan pyaare khaan key bete ustaad umed allie khaan (1910-1979) aur ustaad gulam rasool khaan they. way apane samay key sammaanit shaastriya gaayak bunn gaye. ustaad gulam rasool khaan key dou bete they, ustaad hameed allie khaan aur ustaad fateh allie khaan. ustaad fateh allie khaan kaa betaa ijaat fateh allie khaan haye.
krishnarao shankar pandit (1893-1989) gwaliyar gharaana viraasat key sangeetkaar they. unake pitaa, shankarrao pandit haddu khaan, nathu khaan aur nisaar hussain khaan, nathu khaan key bete key chhaatr they. krishnarao shankar pandit ney khyaal, tappa aur taraana gaayan key saath-saath layakaari kaa bhee abhyaas kiya.
1914 mein, krishnarao shankar pandit ney gwaliyar mein ack school, shankar gandharv mahavidyalaya khola. 1921 mein akhil bhaaratiya congress mein unhein "gaayak shiromani" kii upaadhi seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. pandit gwaliyar key madhavrao scindia key darbari sangeetkaar baney; maharashtra key raajya sangeetkaar, madhav sangeet college, gwaliyar mein emeritus professor aur aul india radio aur doordarshan mein emeritus nirmaata baney. shaastriya sangeet kii duniya mein unake yogdan key liye, unhein 1973 mein padm bhushan aur 1980 mein tansen puraskar sahit puraskar mille.
krishnarao shankar pandit key chhatron mein unake bete lakshman krishnarao pandit, sharadchandra arolkar, balasaheb pochwale aur unaki poti meetaa pandit shamil they.
shaikshanik vanshavali.
nimnalikhit maanchitra una khaaton parr adharit haye kii makkan khaan aur shakkar khaan sambandhit naheen they. inn vivaranon koo shodh dwara samarthit kiya gayaa haye joe darshaata haye kii makkan khaan key vanshaj dhrupadiya they aur shakkar khaan key vanshaj khyaliya they, iss prakaar vibhinn vanshavali koo darshaate hain.
gaayan shally.
gharaane kii ack vishisht visheshta isaki sadgi haih aspasht raagon key bajaay prasiddh "raag" (madhur mode) kaa chayan kiya jaataa haye aur "sapat" (seedhe) taana (tej madhur anukram) parr jore diyaa jaataa haye. raag kii sundarta aur arth koo badhaane key liye kuchh seemit "raag vistaar" (madhur vistaar) aur "alankar" (madhur alankaran) haye, lekin kirana kii tarah koee dheema-gati vaalaa alaap naheen haye aur raag kii pehchaan koo aspasht karane yaa jatilata jodane key liye "tirobh" yaa madhur vakyanshon koo shamil karane kaa koee prayaas naheen haye. jaba gharaana kaa pradarshan kiya jaataa haye, tou "bandish" (rachana) mahatvapurna hoti haye kyonki yeh raag kii dhuna aur usake pradarshan parr sanket pradaan karati haye. boll-baant" ("bandish" key shabdon kaa upayog karke layabaddh khel) karate samay gwaliyar shally "sthaayi" yaa "antara" key sabhi shabdon kaa upayog uchit crum mein karati haye, unake arth koo pareshan kiye binaa.
behlawa" swaron kii ack madhyam gati prastuti haye joe raag key "aroha" (chadhaai) aur "avroha" (utarana) key pattern kaa anusaran karati haye. behlaav koo "asthaayi" ("maa" seey "saa" taka key nott) aur "antara" ("maa", "paa", yaa "dhaa" seey "paa" taka uchch register) mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye. asthaai" khand koo "antara" seey pahale dou baar gaaya jaataa haye. phir bhaari "meands" (glide) aur "taana" kaa upayog karke ack madhyam gati mein "swar-vistaar" kaa anusaran kartaa haye. dugun-kaa-alaap" kaa anusaran kartaa haye jisamen dou yaa chaar swar sanyojanon key samoohon koo teji seey gaaya jaataa haye jabaki mool gati samaan rahati haye. boll-alaap" agala bhaag haye jahan paath key shabdon koo alag-alag tarikon seey gaaya jaataa haye. phir "murki" kii gati tej hoti haye jahan swaron koo alankaran key saath gaaya jaataa haye. boll-taana" mein "bandish" key shabdon key liye madhur anukram hain. gamak" sahit anya "taana", anusaran karate hain.
saat taana" gwaliyar shally key liye mahatvapurna haye. yeh ack seedhe anukram mein aur "vilambit" gati seey swaron kaa gaayan haye. dhrupad aur khyaal gaayan donon gwaliyar mein vikasit hue aur kaee overlap hain. khyaal shally mein ack roop haye, "mundi dhrupad", jisamen dhrupad gaayan kii sabhi visheshataaen shamil hain lekin "mukhada" key binaa.

