
arnobius

arnobius (see. 330) dioclacian (284-305) key shasankal key dauran berber mool key ack praarambhik isai kshama-vigyaani they. 
jerom key "itihas" key anusaar, arnobius, apane roopaantaran seey pahale, proconsular africa mein ack pramukh isai kendra, sikka veneria (ell cafe, tunisia) mein ack pratishthit sankhyavadi alankaarik they, aur ack poorv-smaarak sapane mein apane roopaantaran key liye rinee they. arnobius apani jeevit pustak mein sapanon key baare mein khariz karate hue likhate hain, isaliye shayed jerom sapanon kii samagri key liye apana sammaan vyakt curr rhaa thaa. 
jerom key anusaar, sthaaniya bishap key sandeh koo door karane key liye apane isai vishvaas kii gambhirta key roop mein unhone likhaa (see. 303, iv: 36 mein sakshya seey) saat pustakon mein ack kshamashil kaary joe kii sent. jerom "virodhi gentus" kahata haye lekin joe ekmatra (9veen shatabdi) pandulipi mein "virodhi rashtra" kaa hakdar haye joe bachee hui haye. jerom kaa sandarbh, unaki tippani kii lactantius arnobius kaa shishya thaa aur jeevit granth way sub hain joe humm arnobius key baare mein jaanate hain.
"virodhi rashtra.
"virodhi rashtra" ("murtipoojakon key khilaf") kii rachana isai dharm key dharmguruon key utpeedan key jawab mein kii gaee thee, aur yeh moortipoojak tarkon kaa khandan thaa kii utpeedan kyon uchit thaa. arnobius, "turgeed aur motey shally kaa ack abhyaas karane vaalaa jise african kahaa jaataa haye", isai dharm key liye ack jordar kshamaprarthi haye, joe apane siddhanton mein poori tarah seey roodhivaadi kii tulanaa mein isai dharm key bachaav mein adhik gambhir haye. unaki pustak mein shikaayaten aaee hain kii isai pracheen rome parr devtaon kaa krodh laae they. iss prakaar, vaha anyajaati key devtaon koo vaastavik prani maanata haye, lekin sarvocch isai devta key adheen haye; agyeyavaad kii ack lakir mein, vaha pushti kartaa haye kii maanav aatma (pustak II, 14-62) bhagwan kaa kaam naheen haye, balki ack madhyavarti prani kaa haye, aur prakriti dwara amar naheen haye, balki ack anugrah key roop mein amarta koo dhaaran karane mein saksham haye. way yeh bhee kahate hain kii aatma kii amarta mein vishvaas naitik sanyam koo door karega, aur maanav jeevan parr pratikool prabhaav daalega. kabhi bhee vishesh roop seey apane moortipoojak virodhiyon kii pehchaan naheen kii, jinamen seey kuchh pual key purush hoe sakate hain, jinhen dhwast kiya jaanaa haye, arnobius ekeshwarwad aur isai dharm ("duce prinsups, duce saransh") aur masih kii devatva key adhikaar kaa bachaav aur vyakhya kartaa haye, isake teji seey prasaar, sabhya barbarta mein isake prabhaav aur sarvshreshth darshan key saath isake samanjasya koo jodkar. isaikaran key saath, vaha murtipuja koo virodhabhason aur khule taur parr anaitikta seey bharaa huaa bataata haye, aur iss bindu koo pradarshit karane key liye, unaki pustaken vishvasaniya sroton seey ekatra jigyasu jaankaari seey bharpur hain (jaise.jee. cornelius labio) murtipuja key roopon, mandiron, moortiyon aur apane samay key graco-roman panth key abhyaas key baare mein, itihaaskaar aur pauranik key satark anand key liye, lekin sabhi koo isai upahaas key liye arnobius dwara rakhaa gayaa thaa. pustaken vi aur vii balidan aur chhaviyon kii pooja key prashnon koo sambhaalati hain.
virodhi rashtron" kii pustak 2 khand 4 mein, arnobius ney tark kaa pahala gyaat sanskaran diyaa haye jise baad mein pascal kaa daanv kahaa gayaa, kii dharm key baare mein sandeh key mamle mein kissy koo aisaa karane key puraskar aur aisaa naheen karane key jokhimon key kaaran isake liye pratibaddh honah chaahiye. vaha tark detaa haih
aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii arnobius kaa kaam taba likhaa gayaa thaa jaba vaha haal hii mein parivartit huaa thaa, kyonki usey shaastra kaa bahut vyaapak gyaan naheen haye. vaha puraane vasiyatnama key baare mein kuchh naheen jaanata, aur kewal nae mein masih key jeevan key baare mein jaanata haye, jabaki vaha seedhe susamachar seey uddhrit naheen kartaa haye. vaha leucretius seey bahut prabhaavit thaa aur usane plato padhaa thaa. yunani aur roman pauranik kathaaon key baare mein unake bayaan kramshah alexandaria key clement key "protrepticus" parr adharit hain, aur cornelius labio parr, joe pichhali peedhi seey sambandhit they aur jinhone neoplatonism koo bahaal karane kaa prayaas kiya thaa.
"virodhi rashtra" peris mein ack nauvin shatabdi kii pandulipi mein jeevit rahey (aur brussels mein isaki ack kharaab prati). francisi pandulipi mein marcus minusius felix kaa "octavius" bhee haye.