
dragon kaa andaa

dragons egg americi lekhak robbert ell. dwara 1980 kaa ack kathin vigyaan kathaa upanyaas haye. aage badhein. kahani mein, dragon kaa andaa ack neutron taaraa haye jisaki satah prithvi seey 67 arab gunaa adhik gurutvaakarshan haye, aur isamen cheela, tila key aakar key buddhiman jeev rahate hain, joe manushyon kii tulanaa mein duss laakh gunaa teji seey rahate hain, sochate hain aur vikasit hotey hain. adhikansh upanyaas, maee seey juuna 2050 taka, cheela sabhyata kaa varnan kartaa haye, joe krishi kii khoj seey laker unnat praudyogiki aur manushyon key saath isake pahale aamane-saamane sampark key saath shuru hoti haye, joe cheela sabhyata key atee-teevra vikas koo dekh rahey hain.
jaisa kii shally kii vishishtata haye, "dragon kaa andaa" agyaat vichaaron aur kalpanashil drishyon koo sampreshit karane kaa prayaas kartaa haye jabaki isamen shamil gyaat vaigyaanik siddhanton parr paryaapt dhyaan detaa haye.
kathaanak kaa saransh.
neutron taaraa.
aadhaa million saal pahale aur prithvi seey 50 prakaash-varsh pahale, taramandal mein ack taaraa draco supernova bunn jaataa haye, aur taare kaa avashesh ack neutron taaraa bunn jaataa haye. visfot seey honey vaalaa vikiran kaee prithvi jeevon mein utparivartan kaa kaaran banata haye, jisamen hominina kaa ack samooh bhee shamil haye joe "homo sapiens" key poorvaj bunn jaate hain. taaron key alpakaalik plasma jett apane chumbakiya kshetra mein visangatiyon key kaaran ektarafa hotey hain, aur ise soorya kii 250 khagoliya ikaaiyon key bheetar seey gujarane vaale pathyakram parr sthaapit karate hain. 2020 mein maanav khagolvid neutron taare kaa pataa lagaate hain, ise "dragon kaa andaa" kahate hain, aur 2050 mein way iska pataa lagaane key liye ack abhiyaan bhejate hain.
iss taare mein saur dravyamaan kaa lagbhag aadhaa hissa hotaa haye, joe lagbhag vyaas mein sampeedit hotaa haye, jisase isaki satah kaa gurutvaakarshan prithvi seey 67 arab gunaa adhik hoe jaataa haye. isaki baahari parat, lagbhag 7,000 kilogram prati ghana centimeter taka sampeedit, mukhya roop seey neutron kii uchch sandrata key saath lohe key naabhik hain, joe lagbhag safed baune taare kii samagri key saath aachchhaadit hain. vayumandal, jyaadaatar lohe kaa vaashp, lagbhag motaa hotaa haye. jaise-jaise yeh thandaa hotaa haye, taaraa thodaa sikud jaataa haye, jisase parat futt jaati haye aur pahaad oonche hoe jaate hain. badey jwalamukhi, joe gahari daraaron seey nikalane vaali taral samagri seey banate hain, kaee centimeter oonche aur sou meater vyaas key hoe sakate hain, aur antatah gir jaayenge, jisase starquake honge.
lagbhag 3000 eesaa poorv dragon kaa andaa "rasayan vigyaan" key sthir samatulya kii anumati dene key liye paryaapt thandaa hoe jaataa haye, jisamen "yaugik" vidyut chumbakiya bull seey bandhe prithvi key parmaanuon key bajaay majboot bull seey bandhe naabhik seey baney hotey hain. jaise-jaise taare kii rasayanik prakriyaaen prithvi kii tulanaa mein lagbhag duss laakh gunaa tej hoti hain, aatm-pratikriti "anu" jald hii dikhaai dete hain aur taare parr jeevan shuru hotaa haye. jaise-jaise taaraa thandaa hotaa jaataa haye, taba taka adhik jatil jeevan vikasit hotaa haye, jaba taka kii paudhe jaise jeev 1000 eesaa poorv key aspas dikhaai naheen dete. inmein seey ack vansh baad mein pahala "janwar" bunn gayaa, inmein seey sabse pahala joe tilchatte jeevon seey beej-pakshiyon koo churaata haye aur kuchh vansh baad mein shikari bunn gaye.
taaraa kii sabse buddhiman prajaati key vayaskon, jinhen cheela kahaa jaataa haye (ling yaa sankhya key liye koee jhukaav naheen), kaa dravyamaan ack vayask maanav key samaan hotaa haye. haalaanki, dragon key andey kaa atyadhik gurutvaakarshan cheela koo tila key beej kii matra taka sankuchit kartaa haye, lekin lagbhag uchch aur vyaas mein ack chapate aakar key saath. unaki aankhen chaudi hain. aisee sookshm aankhen kewal parabaingani aur achchi roshni mein, aiks-ray baind kii sabse lambi tarang dairdhya koo spasht roop seey dekh sakati hain.
sabhyata kaa vikas.
2032 mein, ack cheela ack khatarnak shikari parr kaaboo paate hue daud kaa pahala hathiyar aur ranneeti vikasit kartaa haye. navambar 2049 mein dragon key andey key liye ack maanav abhiyaan kakshiya suvidhaon kaa nirmaan shuru kartaa haye. cheela sabhyata key lagbhag poore itihas sahit baaki kahani 22 maee 2050 seey 21 juuna 2050 taka faili hui haye. manushyon key manakon key anusaar, dragon key andey parr ack "dinn" lagbhag 0.2 sekand kaa hotaa haye, aur ack vishisht cheela kaa jivankal lagbhag 40 minut kaa hotaa haye.
ack kabila pahali cheela krishi kaa ayojan kartaa haye, joe anumaanit khaadya aapoorti laataa haye lekin doharaae jaane vaale kaam key baare mein budd budd karane key liye uksaataa haye. isake turant baad, kshetra mein ack jwalamukhi ubharata haye, aur kabila adhik door key sroton seey bhojan leey jaane key liye pahali slazing kaa aavishkaar kartaa haye. haalaanki, kuchh peedhiyon key bheetar jwalamukhi mitty koo pradooshit curr detaa haye. ack kabila apani aabaadi koo ack lambe, kathin yatra parr nae kshetra kii or leey jaataa haye joe upajaau aur nirjan haye. halanki ack pratibhashali vyakti baind kii khaadya aapoorti kii ganana aur maap key liye ganit kaa aavishkaar kartaa haye, lekin sthiti hatash haye aur kabile kaa astitva sabse puraane sadasyon key aatm-balidan parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
peedhiyon key dauran, cheela manushyon key antariksh yaan kii pooja karane key liye ack bhagwan key roop mein aatey hain, aur unake upgrahon kii gatividhiyon key record unhein lekhan vikasit karane kaa kaaran banate hain. kaee peedhiyon key baad, cheela hajaaron upasakon koo samaayojit karane key liye ack akhaada banaata haye. manushya iss upanyaas aur bahut niyamit visheshta koo dekhate hain, nishkarsh nikaalate hain kii buddhiman prani taare mein rahate hain, aur saral sandesh bhejane key liye ack lazer kaa upayog karate hain. cheela khagolvidon koo dheere-dheere ehsas hotaa haye kii yeye antarikshpoton, isake upgrahon aur isake chaalak dall key aarekh hain-asambhav roop seey ghumaavdaar jeev, joe nirashajanak dheemi gati seey samvaad karate hain, aur jahir taur parr cheela key mahaan kshetra key roop mein lagbhag 10 pratishat lambe hain. ack cheela engineer manushyon koo sandesh bhejane kaa prastaav rakhta haye. choonki sabhyata key kshetra seey sanchaarit karane key unake prayaas aprabhaavi hain, isaliye vaha antariksh yaan key neeche seedhe sanchaarit karane key liye ack parvat shrinkhala kii yatra karati haye-67 arab "graam" mein rahane vaale chapate praniyon key liye swabhavik oonchaai key darr parr vijay praapt karati haye. manushya usake sandesh koo pahachaante hain aur mahsoos karate hain kii cheela manushyon kii tulanaa mein duss laakh gunaa teji seey jeevit rahata haye.
choonki vaastavik samay mein baatchit asambhav haye, isaliye manushya abhiyaan key pustakalaya key khand bhejate hain. ack khagol vigyaan lekh padhane key baad, ack cheela koo ehsas hotaa haye kii supernova ney aadhe million maanav varsh pahale apani donon jaatiyon koo banaaya thaa. kaee cheela peedhiyon key baad, lekin manushyon key liye kewal kuchh ghanton mein, cheela gurutvaakarshan herfer vikasit karate hain. kuchh peedhiyon key baad, ack cheela antariksh yaan maanav kaa daura kartaa haye. haalaanki unhein abhee bhee jeevit rahane key liye atyadhik gurutvaakarshan kshetron kii aavashyakta haye, cheela abb donon daudon key liye ack-dusare koo suraksha mein aamane-saamane dekhane key liye unhein thheek seey niyantrit curr sakata haye. cheela ney faisala kiya haye kii unaki takneekon koo sthanantarit karna, joe abb manushyon seey bahut unnat haye, manavata key vikas koo baadhit karega. haalaanki cheela apane alag tarikon seey jaane seey pahale kaee chunautipurna sthaanon parr surag chhod detaa haye.
kathaanak parichay.
dragon key andey" mein, aage ack jeevan roop ("cheela") key itihas aur vikas kaa varnan kiya gayaa haye joe ack neutron taare (ack atyadhik ghanaa giraa huaa taaraa, lagbhag 20 kimmy vyaas) kii satah parr vikasit hotaa haye. yeh sheershak kaa "dragon kaa andaa" haye, isaliye iska naam isaliye rakhaa gayaa haye kyonki prithvi seey yeh taramandal draco ("dragon") kii poonchh key paas paaya jaataa haye. cheela apane saapeksh chhote aakar (ack vyaktigat cheela mein lagbhag tila key beej kii matra hoti haye, lekin ack maanav kaa dravyamaan) aur ack teevra gurutva kshetra key bavjood, joe teesare ayam mein unaki gati koo pratibandhit kartaa haye, bhavna aur buddhi vikasit kartaa haye. pustak kaa adhikansh hissa cheele key javic aur samajik vikas seey sambandhit haye; ack upa-plot neutron taare key paas ack maanav pott kaa aagaman haye, aur antatah manushyon aur cheele key beach sampark hotaa haye. iss sampark mein ack badee samasya yeh haye kii cheela manushyon kii tulanaa mein duss laakh gunaa adhik teji seey jeevit rahata haye; ack cheela varsh lagbhag 30 maanav sekand mein gujar jaataa haye.
manushya taba aatey hain jaba cheela ack jangli, pichhade prajaati hoti haye, joe ack nirvaah-star key samaaj mein pratidvandi kulon seey ladatee haye. kuchh hii maanav dinon key bheetar, kuchh hazaar cheela varshon key barabar, cheela praudyogiki mein manushyon koo peechhe chhod detaa haye, aur manushyon koo pyaar seey "dheema" kahaa jaataa haye.
forward ney "dragon key andey" kii ack agali kadee likhi, jise "starquake" kahaa jaataa haye, joe cheela key antariksh yatra key vikas key parinamon seey sambandhit haye, aur ack bhookampiya vikshobh joe neutron taare kii satah parr adhikansh cheela koo maar detaa haye.
vikas kaa itihas.
lekhak robbert ell. 1973 mein khagolshastri frank drake key sujhaav seey prerit honey kaa varnan kiya gayaa kii buddhiman jeevan neutron sitaaron mein reh sakata haye. 1973 mein bhautik models kaa tatparya thaa kii drake key jeev sookshm honge. jaba taka aage pustak kii ruprekha taiyar kii jaa rahee thee, nae models ney sanket diyaa kii cheela tila key aakar key baare mein hoga. baad mein aage ack poorv patra milaa jisamen unhone vigyaan kathaa upanyaskar haal clement key saath soorya mein uchch-gurutvaakarshan jeevan key vichaar parr charcha kii.
aage vaigyaanik they aur lairi ney vigyaan kathaa lekhan parr ack tutorial mein lekhak koo aage badhaaya, aur baad mein usa shaam aage aur niven ack neutron starr parr allions parr ack upanyaas parr sahyog karane key liye sahmat hue. haalaanki, niven ney jald hii khud koo "lucifer key hathaude" mein bahut vyast paaya, jiss parr vaha pahale seey hii jairi pornel key saath saha-lekhan curr rhaa thaa. forward ney pahala masauda swayam likhaa, lekin kaee prakashakon ney sujhaav diyaa kii kahani koo niven yaa pornel dwara phir seey likhaa jaanaa chaahiye-joe abhee bhee vyast they. anta mein sampaadak lester dell ray ney dou punarlekhan key madhyam seey aage badhane key liye tippaniyan pradaan keen, aur dell ray ney upanyaas kharida. forward ney iss kaam koo "ack upanyaas key roop mein prachhann neutron starr bhautiki parr ack paathyapustak" key roop mein varnit kiya.
prakaashan kaa itihas.
angrezi menh
anya bhaashaon menh
saahityik mahatva aur swaagat.
cover prishthon seey uddharanah
vigyaan kathaa sameekshak johnn clute ney likhaa kii upanyaas "ashcharya kii bhavna paida kartaa haye joe sakaratmak roop seey anandadayak haye", yeh kahate hue kii yeh "vigyaan kaa ack romans" thaa. criss allot ney ise "vigyaan kathaa kaa ack mamuli classic-joe kathin aiss. aff. key sabse achche aur sabse kharaab donon tatvon koo darshaata haye. ... vichaar nishchit roop seey pahale aatey hain."unhone maanav kalakaron key lekhan koo neeras paaya, lekin cheela key saath apane aakarshan koo saajha karane aur bahut alag gati seey rahane vaali daud key beach sanchaar banaane kii aage kii kshamata kii sarahana kii.
gregg kostikyan ney "eres patrika" mein "dragon key andey" kii sameeksha kii aur tippani kii kii "dragon kaa andaa" dilchasp haye kyonki yeh "kathin" vigyaan kathaa kaa saransh haye-vaigyaanik gyaan aur atkalon key sabse dilchasp pahaluon kaa bahishkaran."
lamborne, shollis aur shortland maanate hain kii paridrishya key shodh aur vistrit nirmaan "dragon key andey" koo kathin vigyaan kathaa kaa ack utkrisht udaaharan banaate hain. vaigyaanik seth shostak ney pustak key vigyaan koo "kaalpanik lekin khariz karna asambhav" bataaya.
johnn piers ney "dragon key andey" koo apane sarvshreshth mein kathin vigyaan kathaa key roop mein bhee maanaa, jabaki forward kaa baad kaa upanyaas "martian indradhanush" (1991) shally apane sabse kharaab daur mein thee. donon upanyason mein cardboard maanav paatr hain, lekin "dragon key andey" mein isase koee fark naheen padata, jahaan cheela paatron key gahare vyaktitva parr dhyaan kendrit kiya jaataa haye. upanyaas pathakon koo ack asamvedansheel cheela shaasak key bhaagya kii parwah bhee karaata haye, jiska kayakalp upchaar vinashkari roop seey whiffle hoe jaataa haye. piers ney likhaa kii iss shally key sarvshreshth kaary ack saahityik anubhav paida karate hain, lekin ack asamanya prakaar key. paathak pahale seey hii pahachaantaa haye kii ack vaastaviktaa key liye ack roopak kii peshkash karane key bajaay, way naee vaastaviktaon kaa nirmaan karate hain jisamen paathak pakada jaataa haye.
robert lamborne aage kii or dhyaan dete hain, vishesh roop seey "dragon key andey" mein, haal clement key uttaradhikari key roop mein, jiska "gurutvaakarshan kaa mission" sabse majboot vigyaan-adharit vigyaan kathaa kaa udaaharan haye. lamborne kii raay mein clement, forward aur unake uttaradhikariyon jaise kathin vigyaan kathaa lekhak apekshaakrit cumm rahey hain, lekin unhone shally key vikas aur shally key baare mein janata kii dhaarana donon koo dridhata seey prabhaavit kiya haye.
puraskar aur namankan.
"dragon 'sus egg" ney pahale upanyaas key liye 1981 kaa locus puraskar jeetaa aur locus' aiss. aff. upanyaas shreni mein 14vein sthaan parr rhaa.
seekwal.
1985 mein, aage "starquake" prakaashit kiya, joe "dragon key andey" kii agali kadee haye. lamborne, vilis aur shortland "starquake" kii vaigyaanik prishthabhoomi koo "dragon key andey" kii tarah kathor maanate hain. iss upanyaas mein, ack starquake cheela sabhyata koo baadhit kartaa haye, jabaki antariksh yaan "dragon slayer" parr savaar manushya apani samasyaon seey nipatate hain.