
agraduton! oh agraduton!

"agraduton! oh agraduton!"americi kavi walt whiteman kii ack kavita haye. yeh pahali baar 1865 mein "ghaas key patte" mein prakaashit huaa thaa. yeh kavita sanyukt raajya america mein mahaan paschim kii or vistaar key liye whiteman key utsaah koo shraddhanjali key roop mein likhi gaee thee, jisake kaaran california gold rush aur sudur paschim kii khoj jaisi cheejen huin.
vishleshan.
whiteman kii kavita una agraduton key liye ack shraddhanjali key roop mein likhi gaee thee joe americi paschim mein baskar adhik paripurna jeevan kii talash mein nikale they. poori kavita mein whiteman ack ujjwal bhavishya kii khoj key liye agrani logon key saahas aur nidder vikalp koo shraddhanjali detaa haye. whitman dwara roopak aur kalpana jaise tatvon kaa upayog, agraduton aur prakat niyati key liye unakaa samarthan prastut kartaa haye. yeh kavita "paschimi yuvaaon" kii tulanaa mein america mein khoj key prati dridhata aur utsaah seey sambandhit haye joe yuva sanyukt raajya america koo sandarbhit kartaa haye, aur "bujurg jaatiyan" joe europeeya deshon koo sandarbhit karati hain "anya bhoomi key abhishapt dall" jinhen kabhi paschimi kshetra kaa pataa lagaane kaa avsar milaa thaa. kavita mein paschim kaa mithak, joe sanyukt raajya america key utthaan mein avishvasaniya roop seey mahatvapurna thaa, ateet koo bhavishya seey jodane vaali nirantarta key roop mein kaary kartaa haye; nae america kii kshamata koo darshaata haye. pratham vyakti bahuvachan kaa upayog karke whiteman agraduton dwara kiye jaane vaale kartavyon key baare mein likhate hain; pratham vyakti bahuvachan kaa upayog karane kii yeh shally kavita koo ack majboot bhaavnaatmak appeal detee haye, joe badale mein paathak koo kavita key saath ack majboot sambandh detee haye.
humm" shabd kii punaravritti seey shwetman kii ekataa kii ack majboot bhavna mahsoos kii jaa sakati haye, joe paathak koo iss vichaar seey parichit karaati haye kii harr koee ack agrani haye, aur yeh iss vichaar koo badhaava detaa haye kii paathak kavita kaa hissa haye. "paschim kii betiyaan! oh, aap yuva aur badee betiyaan! oh, aap maataaen aur aap patniyaan! aapako kabhi bhee vibhajit naheen honah chaahiye, hamaare rankon mein aap ekjut hoe jaate hain, agraduton! oh agraduton!"yeh ack aur udaaharan haye kii kaise shwetman kavita mein ekataa parr jore detaa haye, yeh kewal purushon key prati lakshit naheen haye, vaha paschim mein pravaas karane vaale pratyek vyakti koo bulaa rhaa haye. yeh kavita seema yug key dauran likhi gaee thee, joe 19veen shatabdi key uttaraardh taka karib naheen aaee thee, isaliye kavita mein agrani kii aakriti koo shaabdik drishtikon key saath-saath prateekaatmak donon seey padhaa jaa sakata thaa. yeh kavita desh key bhavishya koo aakar dene key liye purani peedhi key khilaf jaane vaali america kii yuva jaati key varnan key madhyam seey krantikari yuddh kaa pratinidhitva bhee karati haye."merey bachchon koo dekho, dridh sankalp vaale bachche, hamaare peechhe key jhundon seey hamein kabhi haar naheen maanani chaahiye yaa kabhi haar naheen maanani chaahiye, sadiyon pahale laakhon bhootiya chehare hamaare peechhe peechhe jhukate hue, agraduton! oh agraduton!", whiteman yuva agraduton koo vahaan jaane key liye kahata haye jahan pahale koee naheen gayaa haye. ack desh key shwet purush key roop mein prakat niyati aur america kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye ack hii roopak roopak kaa upayog karke yeh pataa chalata haye kii anveshan key liye unakaa junoon iss baat taka seemit naheen thaa kii vaha khud kyaa curr sakate they.
whiteman apane pathakon key dimag mein ack tasveer koo chitrit karane key liye kalpana kaa upayog kartaa haye; vastuon aur sthaanon key apane upayog key saath whiteman apane pathakon koo kavita mein aage kyaa haye, iska anubhav karane mein madad kartaa haye. udaaharan key liye, "kinaaron key neeche, darron key madhyam seey, pahaadon key oopar" rekha agraduton koo sandarbhit karati haye joe pagadandiyon koo banaate hain aur aksar kathin bhoobhaag koo paar karate hain, unhein kadee mehnat aur balidan key madhyam seey apane liye nayaa jeevan banaana padata haye, jisase dusaron key liye unake nakshekadam parr chalana sambhav hoe jaataa haye. whiteman kii kalpana pathakon koo kavita kii samajh mein sahaayata karati haye yeh samajhaate hue kii yeh kitna kathin kaam thaa aur yeh kyon mahatvapurna thaa. unaki kalpana aur bhaavnaatmak appeal unake liye apani kavita key kull prabhaav koo praapt karna aur paathak key liye arth koo prastut karna sambhav banaati haye. whiteman agraduton key prati garv dikhaata haye aur nae yuva aur honhar desh key liye apani prashansa dikhaata haye, aur vaha iss kavita kaa upayog yeh samajhaane key liye ack shraddhanjali key roop mein kartaa haye kii unhein kyon aage badhana chaahiye aur unhein kyon sammaanit kiya jaanaa chaahiye, kavita abhee bhee aaj key samaaj parr iss tathya seey lagu hoti haye kii kavita bahumukhi haye-vartamaan paathak bhee isase jaankaari aur prerana praapt curr sakate hain.
kavya sanrachana.
kavita mein 26 chaar-pankti vaale chhand hain; pratyek chhand ack chhoti pankti, dou lambi panktiyon aur ack anya chhoti pankti seey banaa haye. pratyek chhoti rekha key bheetar dou prabal uchchaaran vaale shabdansh yaa shabdansh samooh hotey hain. ikaaiyon key sandarbh mein, lambi rekhaaen 2 ikaaiyon seey bunny hoti hain aur chhoti rekhaaen 1 seey bunny hoti hain. pratyek lambi rekha mein 4 bhaari uchchaaran vaale shabdansh hotey hain aur aadhe mein ack seezura key saath tootate hain, jise aamtaur parr ack alpaviram key saath chihnit kiya jaataa haye; pratyek aadhe mein pratyek shuruat aur anta rekha kii tarah dou bhaari uchchaaran vaale shabdansh hotey hain.
samaan tukade.
whiteman kii kuchh sabse ullekhaniya kavitaaen usee samay saamane aaeen jaba "agradoot! oh agraduton!"chaude kulhadi kaa geet" jaisi kavitaaen, joe america key paschim kii or vistaar aur oh kaptan jaise samaan vishayon seey sambandhit theen! merey kaptan! joe agradoot kii kavita key samaan kavyatmak sanrachana koo prastut kartaa thaa aur samaan samay avadhi kii samagri key saath nipatata thaa. ullikhit sabhi tukade 1850 aur 1860 key dashak key hain, joe grih yuddh key madhyam seey aur usake baad america mein vikas aur vikas kaa samay thaa. agraduton! oh agraduton! yeh usa samay whiteman dwara likhi gaee kaee kritiyon mein seey ack thee joe americi logon key liye ack saahityik prerak shakti key roop mein kaam karati thee.
prakaashan kaa itihas.
"agraduton! oh agraduton!"pahali baar unaki 1865 kii pustak drum-taps mein prakaashit huaa thaa aur baad mein 1867 yuu mein bhee prakaashit huaa thaa.aiss. ghaas key patton kaa sanskaran. whiteman ney apane poore prakashanon mein ghaas key patton mein lagaatar sanshodhan kiye aur aisaa karate hue kavita koo vibhinn sangrhon mein vibhinn khandon mein sthanantarit curr diyaa. 1867 key sanskaran mein kavita kaa apana prishth thaa aur yeh kissy vishay kavita sheershak key tahat naheen thaa. kavita koo 1871-1872 sanskaran mein "march abb yuddh samaapt hoe gayaa haye" key khand sheershak key tahat paaya jaa sakata haye, aur 1881-1882 sanskaran mein, jise kuchh raayon mein whiteman kaa antim maanaa jaa sakata haye aur naheen bhee hoe sakata haye, kaee vidvaanon kaa tark hoga kii 1876,1888-89, aur 1891-92 ("mrityushayya sanskaran") antim sanskaran they, kavita koo "maarg key pakshi" sheershak key tahat paaya jaa sakata haye.
lokpriya sanskriti mein.
kavita kaa ack hissa, jise will geier ney padhaa, 1890 mein whiteman dwara unaki kavita "america" key padhane kii recording key saath carrie fukunaga aur aim dwara nirdeshit levi key vigyapanon kii ack shrinkhala mein upayog kiya gayaa thaa. blash, television aur movie theatres mein dikhaaya gayaa, 2009 key anta mein kaee americi aur kanadai baajaron mein.
2013 aine. see. aeye. aeye. division aaee. aff. bee. aiss. football season key dauran, pee. aeye. see.-12 sammelan ney paschimi sanyukt raajya america mein pee. aeye. see.-12 network aur unake schools koo badhaava dene key apane vigyaapan mein kavita key chayan kaa upayog kiya.
sifi key "avagya" key teesare season key samaapan kaa sheershak, "march parr humm sabse fitt marate hain", 14vein charan seey liya gayaa thaa.
kavita kaa sandarbh villa cather key 1913 key upanyaas oh pioneer key sheershak mein diyaa gayaa haye!

