rait kaa kagaj

sandpaper aur glasspaper ack prakaar key lepit apgharshak key liye upayog kiye jaane vaale naam hain jinamen kagaj yaa kapade kii chaadaren hoti hain jinamen ack chehare parr apgharshak samagri chipak jaati haye.
sandpaper kii kaee kismein hain, jinamen kagaj yaa peeth mein bhinnata, gritt, gritt aakar aur bandhan key liye upayog kii jaane vaali samagri haye.
inn utpaadon key aadhunik nirmaan mein, rait aur kaanch koo aluminium oxide yaa silicon carbide jaise anya apgharshak dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye. kagaj kaa varnan karate samay apgharshak key naam kaa upayog karna aam baat haye, ee.jee. "aluminium oxide pepper", "yaa" "silicon carbide pepper" ".
rait kaa kagaj kaee prakaar key aakaron mein banaaya jaataa haye aur iska upayog satahon seey samagri koo hataane key liye kiya jaataa haye, chaahe unhein chikna banaane key liye (udaaharan key liye, painting aur lakadi kii parishkaran mein), samagri kii ack parat koo hataane key liye (jaise kii purana pent), yaa kabhi-kabhi satah koo khurdara banaane key liye (udaaharan key liye, gond key liye taiyari key roop mein). rait key kagaj key gritt aakar koo aamtaur parr ack sankhya key roop mein kahaa jaataa haye joe kann key aakar seey vipareet roop seey sambandhit haye. 20 yaa 40 jaisi chhoti sankhya ack motey gritt koo ingit karati haye, jabaki 1500 jaisi badee sankhya ack maheen gritt koo ingit karati haye.
itihas.
rait key kagaj kaa pahala darj udaaharan 13veen shatabdi key chean mein thaa jaba kuchale hue gole, beej aur rait koo praakritik gumm kaa upayog karke charmpatra seey jodaa gayaa thaa.
shark twacha (placoid taraju) kaa upayog ack apgharshak key roop mein bhee kiya gayaa haye, aur comoros key mool nivaasiyon dwara isi uddeshya key liye coelacanth key khurdare taraju kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. ubaale aur sookhe, khurdare ghode kii poonchh vaale paudhe kaa upayog japan mein paaramparik pollishing samagri key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, joe rait key kagaj seey behtar hotaa haye.
kaanch key kagaj kaa nirmaan 1833 mein landan mein johnn oki dwara kiya gayaa thaa, jinaki company ney naee chipakane vaali takneekon aur prakriyaon koo vikasit kiya thaa, jisase badey paimaane parr utpaadan sambhav huaa thaa. kaanch key frit mein nukile kann hotey hain aur way achchi tarah seey kaatate hain jabaki rait key kann chikane hotey hain aur ack apgharshak key roop mein achchi tarah seey kaam naheen karate hain. saste sandpaper koo aksar kaanch key kagaj key roop mein paarit kiya jaataa thaa; 1688 mein prakaashit "japaning aur warnishing key ack granth" mein stocker aur parker ney isake khilaf agah kiya thaa.
1921 mein, mein ney silicon carbide gritt aur ack jalrodhak chipakane aur samarthan key saath ack sandpaper kaa aavishkaar kiya, jise "geele aur sookhe" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. yeh paani key saath upayog kii anumati detaa haye, joe kanon koo leey jaane key liye ack snehak key roop mein kaam karega joe anyatha gritt koo bund curr dega. iska pahala anuprayog motor vaahan pent parishkaran mein thaa.
lepit apgharshak.
ack lepit apgharshak ack apgharshak anaaj haye joe chipakane vaale kaa upayog karke ack lacheele substrate seey bandha hotaa haye. aam substrate kagaj, kapada, vulcanized fiber aur plastic kii filmein hain aur bahut motey (~ 2 mimi) seey laker ultrafine (submichrometer) taka key gritt aakar mein aatee hain. lepit apgharshak key liye antarrashtriya maanak iso 6344 haye. sandpaper aur emri kapade haath key upayog key liye lepit apgharshak hain, aamtaur parr gair-parishuddhata. anya lepit apgharshak roopon mein sanding doriyaan, paid, belt aur disk shamil hain. vibhinn prakaar haath seey yaa bijli key upkaranon jaise kii sanders, dye grinder aur belt sanders key liye ghatakon key roop mein upayog key liye upalabdh hain.
sancharan pranaaliyan.
ack twarit parivartan pranali kaa upayog aamtaur parr disk prakaar key lepit apgharshak key saath kiya jaataa haye. ack plastic yaa dhaatu kaa kendra ack chehare seey bandha hotaa haye, joe dhaage seey banaa hotaa haye. yeh phir seedhe sander/grinder yaa ack manderail key saath mell khaata haye jise sander, grinder yaa drill mein lagaaya jaa sakata haye. laabh yeh haye kii disk koo aavashyakta padane parr jaldi seey badala jaa sakata haye. twarit parivartan disk aakaron mein koee oopari seema naheen haye.
samarthan.
kagaj key alawa, rait key kagaj key liye peeth mein kapada (sooti, polyester, rayon), paltu film, "fiber" aur rubber shamil hain. kapade key peechhe kii or kaa upayog sandpaper disk aur belt key liye kiya jaataa haye, jabaki miler kaa upayog behad maheen grits key liye kiya jaataa haye. fiber yaa vulcanized fiber ack majboot sahayak samagri haye jisamen bahulak abhikarmit kagaj kii kaee paraten hoti hain. samarthan kaa vajan aamtaur parr ack patra dwara nirdisht kiya jaataa haye. pepper backing key liye, vajan rating "aeye" seey "aff" taka hoti haye, jisamen sabse halka aur aff sabse bhaari hotaa haye. akshar namkaran kapade key peechhe key liye ack alag pranali kaa anusaran kartaa haye, jisamen samarthan key bhaar key saath jey, aiks, vaaee, tii, aur aim, sabse halke seey laker sabse bhaari taka. ack lachila samarthan sandpaper koo ack workpeace kii aniyamit aakriti kaa paalan karane kii anumati detaa haye; apekshaakrit lachili samarthan niyamit goal yaa sapaat satahon key liye ishtatam haye. sandpaper key peechhe kii paraten kagaj parr chipkai jaa sakati hain yaa rait key kaagaz koo sthanantarit karane key liye ack alag samarthan sanrachana banaa sakati hain, jaise kii sanding belt aur disk mein upayog kiya jaataa haye. majboot kagaj yaa peeth seey rait kii lakadi kii aasaani badh jaati haye. peeth samagri jitani kathin hogi, rait utani hii teji seey, kagaj kaa jaldi seey ghisana aur rait kii satah utani hii kathor hogi.
apgharshak.
apgharshak samagri key prakaron mein shamil hainh
sandpaper koo "stearated" kiya jaa sakata haye jahan ack sookhe snehak koo apgharshak mein load kiya jaataa haye. stearated pepper finish aur pent key sanding coat mein upayogi hotey hain kyonki stearet "sabun" clogging koo rokta haye aur sandpaper key upayogi jeevan koo badhaata haye.
jitna kathor gritt samagri hogi, utani hii kathin satahon jaise kii hikkari, pekan yaa weng kii rait banaana aasaan hoga. grenite koo chamakaane key liye gritt samagri grenite seey adhik kathin honey chaahiye.
bandhan.
kagaj key saath apgharshak koo baandhane key liye vibhinn chipakane vaale padarthon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. chhipaane key gond kaa abhee bhee upayog kiya jaataa haye, lekin yeh gond aksar machine sanding key dauran utpann garmi kaa saamana naheen curr sakata haye aur jalrodhak naheen haye. jalrodhak sandpaper yaa geele/sookhe sandpaper ack raal bandhan aur ack jalrodhak samarthan kaa upayog karate hain.
sandpaper yaa tou "bund coat" yaa "khula coat" hoe sakata haye. lagbhag 90 seey 95 pratishat satah ack bund coat key saath apgharshak anaaj seey dhaki hui haye. bund coat sandpaper haath seey sanding karane yaa kathin samagri key saath kaam karane key liye achchha haye. isaki tulanaa mein, satah kaa 50 seey 70 pratishat khula coat sandpaper key saath apgharshak anaaj seey dhakaa huaa haye. kanon key beach kaa algaav sandpaper koo adhik lachila banaata haye, joe sandpaper koo clogging seey rokta haye. haalaanki, gritt coverage mein antaral sandpaper kii pollishing kaary karane kii kshamata koo bhee seemit kartaa haye. naram samagri key liye khula coat sandpaper behtar haye.
geele aur sookhe sandpaper kaa upayog adhik prabhaavi haye kyonki peesane vaali satah seey kanon koo dhone seey clogging cumm hoe jaati haye.
aakar.
sandpaper kaee alag-alag aakaron aur aakaron mein aataa haih
gritt aakar.
gritt kaa aakar rait key kagaj mein embedded apavitra samagri key kanon key aakar koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. yeye maap apgharshak samagri kii matra seey nirdhaarit kiye jaate hain joe ack varg inch filter key madhyam seey fitt hoe sakati haye. gritt aakar key liye kaee maanak sthaapit kiye gaye hain. yeye maanak naa kewal ausat gritt aakar koo sthaapit karate hain, balki ausat seey sweekarya bhinnata bhee sthaapit karate hain. dou sabse aam hain sanyukt raajya cammy (lepit apgharshak nirmaata sansthaan, joe abb ekikrit apgharshak nirmaata sangh kaa hissa haye) aur europeeya fepa (apgharshak key europeeya utpadakon kaa sangh) "pee" grade. fepa pranali aaee. aiss. oh. 6344 maanak key samaan haye. sandpaper mein upayog kii jaane vaali anya pranaliyon mein japani audyogik maanak samiti (jee. aaee. aiss.), microne grade (aamtaur parr bahut badhiya grits key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye) shamil hain. saste sandpaper kabhi-kabhi binaa kissy maanak kaa ullekh kiye kewal "motey", "madhyam" aur "thheek" jaise varnanatmak namkaran kaa upayog curr sakate hain.
nimnalikhit talika, neeche diye gaye sandarbhon seey sankalit, micrometer (microne) mein ausat gritt aakar key saath cammy aur "pee" padnaamon kii tulanaa karati haye.
emri kapada.
emri kapada ack prakaar kaa lepit apgharshak haye joe kapade key peechhe emri chipak jaataa haye. iska upayog haath seey dhaatu banaane key liye kiya jaataa haye. ise sheet mein yaa sankeern roll mein becha jaa sakata haye, aamtaur parr 25 yaa 50 mimi chauda, jise aksar "emri tape" key roop mein varnit kiya jaataa haye. kapade kaa peeth kagaj kii tulanaa mein tanaav mein ubharate kapade koo majboot banaata haye, lekin phir bhee ack sheet koo aasaani seey aakar mein faadane kii anumati detaa haye. emri (kaafee hudd taka aluminium oxide aur silicon carbide jaise behtar utpaadon dwara visthaapit) kaa upayog atyadhik apatatiya aur khurdari satahon koo chikani aur chamakdaar finish mein scrub karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey ghadee banaane mein. emri pepper, joe aamtaur parr dekhaa jaataa haye, mein ack pepper backing hoti haye aur aamtaur parr ack maheen gritt hotaa haye.
emri koo fitting key kaam key liye ack upayukt apgharshak maanaa jaataa thaa aur ack sahee fitt key liye steel key bhaagon kaa antim samaayojan. iska laabh yeh thaa kii, kathin apgharshak key vipareet, baad mein polish kiye gaye ghatakon mein apgharshak nishan koo embed karane key liye naheen maanaa gayaa thaa. emri kaa upayog safai key liye bhee kiya jaataa thaa, polish kiye gaye steel key ghatakon seey jung hataane key saadhan key roop mein.
emri kapada aur kagaj donon abhee bhee hardware mein beche jaate hain aur ise swayam store mein karate hain, lekin machine grinding key sateek aakar key upayog seey kaafee hudd taka pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye, jisane haath-fitting kii aavashyakta koo cumm yaa samaapt curr diyaa haye; sanding aur grinding sahayak upkaran jaise kii flapwheel koo niyojit karane vaale sanchaalit haath upkaranon kii vyaapak upalabdhata; aur gharshan key anya roopon, jaise kii aluminium oxide, aluminium zirconia aur silicon carbide kii or ack badalaav.
grade.
emri koo ausat gritt aakar parr mulyankan kiya jaataa haye, joe peeth seey chipak jaataa haye. samanya aakar motey seey laker maheen taka hainh 40,46,54,60,70,80,90,100,120,180,220,320, aff, aur aff. aff. 46 yaa 54 grade key kapade kaa upayog motey taur parr dakhil kiye gaye kaam parr kiya jaataa haye, jabaki 220 seey 320 gritt kapade seey ack achchi polish milegi.
samaan utpaad.
"sandpaper" kaee samaan apgharshak kagaj aur kapade key liye ack samanya shabd hotaa haye.
geele aur sookhe.
gharshankari kagaj aur jalrodhak peeth key saath kapade ack snehak, aamtaur parr paani key upayog kii anumati dete hain, joe sookhe honey parr khurdari satahon kaa sirdard curr sakate hain aur geele honey parr ardh-polish saatan prakaar kii finish kaa utpaadan curr sakate hain. super-fine grade motor vaahan bodywork marammat jaise mahatvapurna sajawati anuprayogon mein spray painting key liye upayukt ack "pramukh" asanjan satah kaa utpaadan curr sakate hain.
crocus.
ack bahut hii naram gharshankari, aamtaur parr ultra-fine jewellers rooj, kathor satahon key maheen haath-polish key liye, jisake liye sabse chikani finish kii aavashyakta hoti haye.

