campaspe (khel)

campaspe ack elizabethan yug kaa munch naatak haye, joe johnn lylie dwara ack gadya comedy haye, joe campaspe, ack daban bandee, kalakar appels aur alekjendar dha grate key beach prem trikon kii kahani parr adharit haye, jisane usey apana chitra banaane key liye niyukt kiya thaa. vyaapak roop seey lylie kaa sabse pahala naatak maanaa jaane vaalaa, "campaspe" ack prabhaav thaa aur angreji punarjagaran naatak mein isake baad key bahut seey udaaharan they, aur aff key anusaar thaa. aiss. boas, "una haasya filmon mein seey pahali jisake saath johnn lylie ney elizabethan theatre key swarn kaal kaa udghaatan kiya.
pradarshan aur prakaashan.
"campaspe" koo shuru mein 1583 key sharad ritu mein pahale blackfreers theatre mein abhinay kiya gayaa thaa, raani elizabeth pratham key saamane whitehall palace mein adalat mein pradarshan karane seey pahale, sambhavatah 1 janwari 1584 (naee shally) koo. naatak kaa pradarshan kiya gayaa thaa, jaisa kii pahale chaturthansh ney apane sheershak prishth parr kahaa haye, chappel key bachchon ("unake mystease bachche") aur paul key bachchon dwara, ack sanyukt company jise oxford key ladakon key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, isake sanrakshak key baad oxford key earl off oxford, aur adalat key record mein upayog kiya jaane vaalaa naam. usa samay lealy oxford kii seva mein thaa, aur isake liye aur 12 march koo jaari ack warrant dwara usake "saifo aur faao" key baad key mangalwar key adalati pradarshan key liye usey £20 kaa bhugtan kiya gayaa thaa, haalaanki usey vaastav mein apana paisa praapt karane key liye 25 navambar taka intezar karna hoga.
"campaspe" pahali baar 1584 mein teen alag-alag sanskaranon mein quarto mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, jise thomas dosson dwara pustak vikreta thomas cadman key liye mudrit kiya gayaa thaa, binaa stationers register mein dikhaai dene vaali pichhali pravishti key. unake prakaashan ney ack hii varsh mein unake natakon koo punarmudrit hotey hue dekhane vaale pahale angreji lekhak koo banaaya. villium brome key liye thomas orwin dwara mudrit ack chautha chaturthansh sanskaran 1591 mein dikhaai diyaa. (inn chaar chaturthansh sanskaranon kaa varnan karane key liye q1, q2, q3, aur q4 shabdon kaa upayog karane key bajaay, kuchh vidvaanon ney q1a, q1b, q1c aur q2 koo pasand kiya haye.) apane sheershak prishth parr chaar naamon mein seey koee bhee shabd naheen haye. हैं। ney naatak koo "alekjendar, campaspe aur diogens kii ack utkrisht haasya" kaa sheershak diyaa. baad key teen chaturthansh sheershak koo "campaspe" mein chhota curr dete hain, halanki sabhi chaar mein chala rhaa sheershak (paath key prishthon key sheersh parr mudrit) "alekjendar aur campaspe kii ack dukhad comedy" key roop mein diyaa gayaa haye. athaarahavin aur unnisvin shatabdi key sampadakon aur vidvaanon ney aam taur parr naatak koo "alekjendar aur campaspe" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya, jabaki unake aadhunik samkaksh chhote sheershak koo pasand karate hain. हैं। apane sheershak prishth parr galati seey kahata haye kii yeh "raat mein dou dinn" parr kiya gayaa thaa, joe joe "raat mein nae dinn" (adalat key record dwara pushti kiye gaye ack tathya) koo sahee kartaa haye aur aur kaa anusaran kartaa haye. haalaanki, q4, apane pratilipi paath key roop mein q1 kaa upayog karate hue, galat dinn parr laut jaataa haye.
isi tarah naatak kaa agala sanskaran bhee haye, joe edward blant key 1632 key lylie key natakon key sangrah "six court comedies" mein apane swayam key vyaktigat sheershak prishth key saath mudrit haye, joe joe koo apane pratilipi paath key roop mein upayog kartaa haye. blant ney 9 janwari 1628 koo stationers register mein pravesh kiya thaa, jisamen pratyek khel kaa naam ack samooh pravishti key tahat alag-alag rakhaa gayaa thaa. iss sanskaran ney naa kewal kuchh vartani kaa aadhunikikaran kiya, balki pahali baar naatak key chaar geeton mein seey teen key boll bhee mudrit kiye (antim, adhiniyam 5 drishya 3 mein, gayab haye). unamen seey aksar punarmudrit "cupid aind maaee campaspe" haye, jise adhiniyam 3 key anta mein prem-prabhaavit appel dwara gaaya jaataa haye, jisamen vaha cupid juaa key apane kuchh hisson kaa varnan kartaa haih
kuchh vidvaanon ney sawal kiya haye kii kyaa yeye geet lekhak key roop mein pramanik roop seey lylie hain, halanki naatak key sabse halia sampaadak jee key anusaar. key.shikari, yeh "ack parikalpana haye jise galat saabit karna asambhav haye; lekin iska samarthan karane key liye joe saboot diyaa gayaa haye vaha bull key binaa samaan roop seey haye."
srot.
apane kathaa srot key liye, alekjendar dha grate aur campaspe kii kahani key liye pliny dha elder key "praakritik itihas" parr nirbhar thaa. unhone pracheen yunan key daarshnikon key baare mein jaankaari key liye diogens lartius (aitihaasik jeevanikaar) key kaam aur thomas north key 1580 key plutarch key "samanantar jeevan" key anuvaad parr bhee dhyaan aakarshit kiya. (isaliye naatak 1580 aur 1583 key beach likhaa gayaa hoga.) unake adhikansh saahitya koo diogenes (sanaki philospher) key charitra key chitran key liye plutarch key "apoptagamata" key anuvaad seey liya gayaa haye.
anya vyaktigat maukhik sroton mein plato kaa "ganarajya", terrence kaa "napunsak", cicero kaa "dee nechura deorum" aur "inn catillinum", publicius siras kaa cententia, horres kaa "ars kavayitri", ovid kaa "ars amtoria", seneka kaa "dee breevitate", tertullion kaa "maafi", allion kaa "variya historia" aur lylie key apane daadaa, villium lilly dwara "vyaakaran kaa ack sankshipt parichay" shamil hain. 
saransh.
athens mein rahate hue, alekjendar koo sunder bandee, campaspe seey pyaar hoe jaataa haye. vaha yuva mahila koo usaki swatantrata detaa haye, aur kalakar appel dwara uska chitra chitrit kiya jaataa haye. appellis koo bhee jaldi seey usase pyaar hoe jaataa haye; jaba chitra samaapt hoe jaataa haye, tou vaha jaanboojhkar apane baithane vaale key saath adhik samay bitaane key liye ise maar detaa haye. campaspe koo appel seey pyaar hoe jaataa haye. jaba appellis antatah alekjendar koo puuraa chitra prastut kartaa haye, tou chitrakaar key vyavhaar seey pataa chalata haye kii vaha campaspe seey pyaar kartaa haye. alekjendar udaartaa seey campaspe mein apani ruchi seey istifa dey detaa haye taaki usake aur appel key beach sachcha pyaar phool sakey; vaha persia key aakraman aur aage kii jeet kii or apana dhyaan detaa haye.
alekjendar apane karibi dost aur salaahkaar hapestian (joe campaspe key prati apane moh koo aswikar kartaa haye) key saath athens mein apana samay bitaata haye, aur yug key daarshnikon key saath baatchit aur sahyog kartaa haye-vishesh roop seey diogens dha sinic key saath, jiska prasiddh tub munch parr pramukhta seey dikhaaya gayaa haye. diogens vijeta seey thodaa prabhaavit hotaa haye, halanki alekjendar usake saath hotaa haye ("hapestian, aggar main alekjendar naheen hotaa tou main diogens banana chaahata thaa"). plato aur abhijaat varg ack baatchit saajha karate hain, aur vibhinn shaastriya yunani schools key chaar anya daarshanik, cleanthes, crates, chrycipus aur anaxarcus (kaee alag-alag shataabdiyon seey kalanukramik roop seey kheenche gaye) bhee dikhaai dete hain, sabhi koo alekjendar kii upasthiti mein unake doot melipus dwara bahas key liye aamantrit kiya jaataa haye. ack aathvaan daarshanik, chrysus, ack aur sanaki, sikander seey paise kii bheekh maangata haye, lekin usey cumm samay diyaa jaataa haye.
iss naatak mein aise majakia prishth bhee hain joe lylie key naatak kii ack pehchaan hain, jinhen yahaan silus, maines aur grenichus kahaa jaataa haye, joe kramshah appels, diogenes aur plato key sevak hain. isake alawa, ack drishya sylvius aur usake teen pradarshan karane vaale beton, perim, milo aur trico koo laataa haye, joe baari-baari seey girate hain, naachate hain aur gaate hain. dou macedonian adhikaari, clitus aur permanio, donon hii campaspe aur usake saathi bandee tymocalia koo laane mein naatak shuru karate hain, aur baad mein alekjendar kii vichalit sthiti key roop mein apani chinta vyakt karane key liye dikhaai dete hain, joe sainya anushasana mein tootane kii or leey jaati haye, ack aur drishya mein vyakt kii jaati haye jahaan ganika dou aniyantrit sainikon, milectus aur firegious kaa manoranjan karane key liye gaati haye (geet gayab rahate hain), kyonki way apani yuddh pukaar ("haathon seey neeche, aur pairon seey oopar!"). 
shally.
"campaspe kii" "gadya shally bahut adhik" "saumyokti haye, joe virodhi, anupraas, punaraavrittiyaan, santulit khandon aur bhaashan key milan bhaagon kaa upayog karane mein lylie key prasiddh upanyaas" "euphuse" "(1578) key saath mahatvapurna samaantaon koo saajha karati haye. unake "buddhi kii shareer rachana" kii tarah, naatak koo mukhya roop seey samvaadon, swagat aur vaikalpik bhashanon kii ack shrinkhala key roop mein prastut kiya jaataa haye. vishesh roop seey, appel donon karyon mein ack mahatvapurna vyakti haye. upanyaas key liye samvaad key apane upayog kaa vistaar karate hue, abhinav haasya aur naatakiya prabhaav key liye chhote, tej adaan-pradaan kaa upayog karate hue, jaisa kii adhiniyam 3 drishya 1 seey iss uddharan seey dikhaaya gayaa haye, jahaan alekjendar painting campaspe key chitra mein apani pragati kii jaanch karane key liye appels key studio kaa daura kartaa haye, aur painting kii kalaa key baare mein usase sawal karna shuru curr detaa haih
baad mein, alekjendar chitra banaane mein apana haath aajmaane key liye appel charcoal udhaar letaa haih
prabhaav.
"campaspe" ney angreji naatak mein ack mahatvapurna modd koo chihnit kiya. fredrick keifer key anusaar, lylie kii gadya shally ney "rangmanch mein abhootpoorv naatakiya bhaashan kaa ack roop banaaya", aur, jey key roop mein. aff mcdonald ney dekhaa, vaha kshan haye jaba naatak mein gadya kii or vaastavik andolan shuru hotaa haye."jonas barish key anusaar," "campaspe" "key saath," "angreji munch key liye ack vyavharya haasya gadya, vastutah ekal-haath, kaa aavishkaar kiya gayaa
lylie apane "shivir" mein koee naitik yaa naitik sabak naheen detaa haye-jisase pahale key naatak kii naitikta khel parampara seey alag hoe jaataa haye. aur unake baad key adhikansh natakon key vipareet, "campaspe" roopak seey bhee alag haye. isake bajaay, campaspe vishuddh roop seey apane manoranjan moolya key liye ack romantic aitihaasik kahani prastut kartaa haye. madhyayugeen mansikta seey unake prasthaan ney baad key lekhakon koo anusaran karane key liye ack model pradaan kiya. iss naatak koo apane yug kaa "pahala romantic naatak" kahaa gayaa haye.
thomas nashe ney apane naatak "summer kii antim vaseeyat aur vasiyatnama" (1592) mein "campaspe" seey uddharan diye hain.
aadhunik prakaashan aur pradarshan itihas.
naatak aar mein mudrit kiya gayaa thaa. doubleu. bonned kaa "johnn lylie kaa poorna kaary" (oxford, 1902; khand II, pp. 302-60; 1967 mein punarmudrit), abhee bhee lylie kii ekmatra poori sangrahit kritiyaan prakaashit hui hain. joseph quincy addams ney 1924 mein apane "mukhya poorv-shekspeare natakon" key hisse key roop mein naatak koo mudrit kiya (landan; pp. 609-35.) melon society ney doubleu dwara dekhrekh mein naatak key apane punarmudran koo prakaashit kiya.doubleu. gregg (naheen. 75; oxford, 1934 1933 key liye). daniel aeye. carter ney 1988 mein apane sangrahit "johnn lylie key natakon" (lavisburg, landan aur torrento) key hisse key roop mein naatak prakaashit kiya. sabse halia aadhunik sanskaran 1991 kaa rivals plays sanskaran (manchester vishvavidyalaya press) haye, jise jee dwara sampaadit kiya gayaa haye. key. hunter (david bevington dwara sampaadit, saifo aur faao key saath ack hii khand mein prakaashit).
aisaa lagata haye kii iss naatak koo ack anukoolit aur cutt down sanskaran mein punarjeevit kiya gayaa haye, jiska sheershak "bhavnashunya yaa punya kii shakti" haye, joe dou baar, 22-3 farwari 1732 mein, goodman key kheton mein acliffe street mein odel key theatre mein pradarshan kiya gayaa thaa. theatre key prabandhak heinry gifford ney appels kii bhoomika nibhai, unaki patni ney campaspe kii bhoomika nibhai, aur unake bhaai ney alekjendar kii bhoomika nibhai, jisamen anubhavi abhineta phillip huddy ney diogens kii bhoomika nibhai.
1908 mein, oxford mein lady margaret holl key chhatron ney college pustakalaya kii sahaayata mein, 7,8 aur 9 disambar koo shahar key nae masnick holl mein ack poorna-mahila, elizabethan dress production mein pradarshan kiya, jiska nirdeshan miss haddo ney kiya thaa.
binaa cutt kiye hue naatak key peshevar abhinetaon dwara pahala aadhunik pradarshan 27 octuber 2000 koo landan key bayer garden theatre mein shekspeare key globe key reed nott dade project key liye huaa, jisamen eev best aur campaspe aur appels key roop mein utsuk honge, alekjendar key roop mein tomm aspiner, aur diogens key roop mein dominic rovan. angus raait clitus khelate they aur nicolaus roway parmenio khelate they. dunken visbe ney chaar geeton key liye mool sangeet kii rachana kii, aur silus bhee bajaaya, saath hii roddy mcdavit koo grenichus key roop mein aur ellen cox koo mains key roop mein. pradarshan james wallace dwara nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur globe key abhilekhagar key liye digital audio parr record kiya gayaa thaa.

