
south wells

south wells () wells kaa ack shithil roop seey paribhaashit kshetra haye joe poorv mein ingland aur uttar mein madhya wells seey ghiraa huaa haye. aam taur parr glamourgan aur monmouthshire key aitihaasik county koo shamil karane key liye maanaa jaataa haye, south wells paschim kii or carmarthenshire aur pembroxire koo shamil karane key liye faila huaa haye. paschimi seema mein, swansia seey paschim kii or, sthaaniya loga shayed pahachaanenge kii way dakshin wells aur paschim wells donon mein rahate they. breaken beacons rashtriya udyaan dakshin wells key lagbhag ack tihai hisse koo cover kartaa haye, jisamen paine vaaee phain hotaa haye, joe snodonia mein cadire idris key dakshin mein sabse oonchaa british parvat haye. 
kuchh charcha kaa ack bindu yeh haye kii kyaa naam key pahale tatva koo badaa akshar diyaa jaanaa chaahieh 'south wells' yaa 'south wells'. choonki naam ack vishisht kshetra key bajaay ack bhaugolik abhivyakti haye, achchi tarah seey paribhaashit seemaon key saath, shally guide jaise kii bbc aur "sanrakshak" 'south wells' roop kaa upayog karate hain. ack adhik aadhikarik shally key maargdarshak mein, velsh sarkaar, apani antarrashtriya getway website, wells mein.comm, yeh bataayen kii ise hamesha poonjikrit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. yeh hamesha motorway sanketon parr poonjikrit hotaa haye.
itihas.
1284 key rudlan key kaanoon aur wells adhiniyam 1535 mein kaanoonon key beach, wells mein crown laind ney wells kii riyasat kaa gathan kiya. yeh dakshin wells kii ack riyasat aur uttar wells kii ack riyasat mein vibhajit thaa. dakshini riyasat seredigian aur carmarthenshire key county seey bunny thee, joe kshetra pahale dehubarth ('dakshini bhoomi') key velsh samrajya kaa hissa they. iss kshetra key liye kanuni jimmedaari carmarthen mein sthit south wells key nyaaydheesh key haathon mein thee. dakshini wells key anya bhaag vibhinn marcher lords key haathon mein they.
wells adhiniyam 1542 mein kaanoonon ney chaar kanuni paripathon key aadhar parr wells mein mahaan satron kaa nyayalaya banaaya. breaken circuit ney breaknockshire, rednorshire aur glamourgan key county kii seva kii, jabaki carmarton circuit ney cardiganshire, carmartenshire aur pembroxire kii seva kii. monmouthshire koo nyaayik uddeshyon key liye oxford circuit seey jodaa gayaa thaa. iss prakaar yeye saat dakshini county uttari wells key chhah county seey alag they.
mahaan satron kaa nyayalaya 1830 mein samaapt hoe gayaa, lekin county sthaaniya sarkaar adhiniyam 1972 taka jeevit rahey joe 1974 mein lagu huaa. pows county key nirmaan ney ack uttari county (montgomericier) koo dou dakshini county (breakenshire aur rednorshire) key saath vilay curr diyaa.
iss prakaar dakshin wells kii vibhinn avadhaaranaaen hain. glamourgan aur monmouthshire koo aam taur parr sabhi dwara dakshin wells mein honey key roop mein sweekaar kiya jaataa haye. lekin udaaharan key liye, breakenshire yaa carmortenshire kii sthiti adhik vivadaspad haye. paschimi seema mein, swansia seey paschim kii or, sthaaniya loga mahsoos curr sakate hain kii way dakshin wells aur paschim wells donon mein rahate hain. breaken beekan aur kaale pahaadon key uttar key kshetron koo aam taur parr madhya wells mein maanaa jaataa haye. ghaatiyan aur uchch bhoomi parvat parvat ack samay mein ack bahut hii graameen kshetra they joe apani nadee ghaatiyon aur pracheen jangalon key liye prasiddh they aur villium wordsworth jaise romantic kaviyon key saath-saath velsh bhasha key kaviyon dwara unaki sarahana kii gaee thee, halanki baad vaale key hita praakritik drishyon key udgam kii tulanaa mein samaaj aur sanskriti mein adhik they. yeh praakritik vatavaran praarambhik audyogik kranti key dauran kaafee hudd taka badal gayaa jaba glamourgan aur monmouthshire ghaati kshetron kaa koyla aur lohe key liye dohan kiya gayaa thaa. 1830 key dashak taka, saikadon tunn koyale koo barge dwara cardiff aur newport mein bandargaahon taka pahunchaaya jaa rhaa thaa. 1870 key dashak mein, koyale koo rail parivahan network dwara newport docks mein leey jaaya gayaa thaa, usa samay duniya mein sabse badaa koyla niryaatak docks thaa, aur 1880 key dashak taka koyale kaa niryaat bairi, glamourgan kii ghaati seey kiya jaa rhaa thaa.
beaute key markes, joe cardiff key uttar mein adhikansh bhoomi key malik they, ney apani bhoomi parr ack bhaap railway pranali kaa nirmaan kiya joe cardiff seey laker dakshin wells kii kaee ghaatiyon taka faili hui thee, jahan koyla paaya jaa rhaa thaa. lord beaute ney taba prati tunn koyale kaa shulk liya jise unake railway kaa upayog karke baahar leey jaaya gayaa thaa. koyla khanan aur lohe koo galaane key kaaran dakshin wells kaa mukhya vyaapaar honey key kaaran, madhya bhoomi, scotland, ireland, cornwall aur yahaan taka kii itali seey bhee hajaaron apravasi aae aur gharon kii sthaapana kii aur iss kshetra mein apani jadein jamaa leen. bahut seey anya koyla khanan kshetron jaise somerset, gloucestershire mein deane key jangal aur cornwall kii tinn khadanon jaise kii jeevar tinn khadaan seey aae they, kyonki ack badey lekin anubhavi aur ichchuk karyabal kii aavashyakta thee. jabaki kuchh pravasiyon ney chhod diyaa, kaee loga buss gaye aur ack advitiya pehchaan key saath angreji bolane vaale samudaayon key roop mein huns aur ebergweni key beach dakshin wells ghaatiyon mein sthaapit hoe gaye. audyogik shramikon koo khaanon aur dhalai key paas kuteeron aur chhaton vaale gharon mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, jinamen way kaam karate they. varshon seey badee sankhya mein logon kii bheed key kaaran haija kaa prakop huaa, aur samajik aur saanskritik paksh parr, kshetra mein velsh bhasha kaa lagbhag nuksan huaa.
1930 key dashak mein united kingdam mein antar-yuddh key mahamandi ney dakshin wells koyla kshetra mein lagbhag aadhe koyale key gaddhon kaa nuksan dekhaa, aur dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad key varshon mein unaki sankhya mein aur girawat aaee. yeh sankhya abb bahut cumm haye, britten key khanikon kii hadtaal (1984-85) key baad, aur antim 'paaramparik' gahari-shaft khadaan, tower colliery, janwari 2008 mein bund hoe gaee.
koyla khanan ghaatiyon key teevra audyogikaran key bavjood, dakshin ghaatiyon key paridrishya key kaee hisse jaise oopari neeth ghaati, glamourgan kii ghaati aur nadee yuu. aiss. key ghaatiyan aur nadee vaaee spasht roop seey sunder aur aprabhaavit hain aur vishesh vaigyaanik ruchi key sthalon koo naamit kiya gayaa haye. isake alawa, kaee ack baar bhaari audyogikrit sthal jangal mein vaapas aaa gaye hain, jinamen seey kuchh koo saikil track aur anya baahari suvidhaon kii ack shrinkhala pradaan kii gaee haye. vaniki aur khuli jameen key badey kshetra bhee paridrishya kii suvidha mein yogdan karate hain.
19veen aur 20veen shatabdi mein audyogik kshetra.
merthir tidefill () kaa vikas dovless lohe key kaam key aspas huaa, jisaki sthaapana sthaaniya roop seey prachur matra mein lauh ayask key upayog key liye kii gaee thee, aur samay key saath yeh duniya kaa sabse badaa lauh utpaadak shahar bunn gayaa. naee koyla khadaanen bhattiyon koo khilaane key liye paas mein hii dooby gaeen aur samay key saath niryaat key liye koyale kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa. 1831 kii janganana taka, merthier kii aabaadi 60,000 thee-usa samay cardiff, swans aur newport kii sanyukt aabaadi seey adhik-aur isake udyogon mein koyla khadaanen, lohe key kaam, cable karkhana, injan shade aur siding aur kaee anya shamil they. yeh shahar "myphanvy" geet key sangeetkaar joseph pairi kaa janmasthan bhee thaa.
ghaati key shaharon key pramukh, jinamen tukbandi, tradegger aur ebudblue valley shamil hain, audyogik kranti seey baahar nickle aae, jisase koyla, dhaatu ayask aur baad mein ispat kaa utpaadan huaa.
aberfanh 1875 mein merthir well colliery ney koyale kaa utpaadan shuru kiya. khadaan key kaam seey loot kaa dher gaanv key paas kii pahaadiyon parr thaa joe paas mein hii ugataa thaa. tipping 1960 key dashak taka jaari rahee. rashtriyakrit honey key bavjood, rashtriya koyla board apane dwara paida kiye gaye khatare kii sarahana karane mein whiffle rhaa. octuber 1966 mein, bhaari barish ney vishal koyale key sire koo asthir curr diyaa, jisake parinamswarup eberfan aapada hui. haal hii mein koyale aur raakh key chhote kanon koo fenkana, jise 'tellings' key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aanshik roop seey jimmedaar prateet hotaa haye. ack kaali lahar glammernshire nahar key paar neeche kii or gir gaee aur gaanv key school kii or apane raaste parr gharon koo bahaa leey gaee. 114 bachche aur 28 vayask maare gaye they.
1860 mein ronda ghaatiyon (ronda fatch aur ronda four) mein lagbhag 3,000 loga rahate they, lekin 1910 taka aabaadi badhkar 160,000 hoe gaee thee. ronda ack vishal dakshin wells koyla udyog kaa kendra bunn gayaa thaa. jameen key neeche khanan durghatanaaen aam theen, aur 1896 mein tylerstowne colliery mein ack gais visfot mein 57 purush aur ladke maare gaye they. ack jaanch mein paaya gayaa kii pichhale 15 maheenon mein gaddhe kaa thheek seey nireekshan naheen kiya gayaa thaa.
ibblue valley, ibblue nadee kii ghaati joe ibblue valley shahar seey newport taka faili hui haye, mein khanan shahar aur nubridge, riska, kramlin, ebercorn aur seadbluemcarn key gaanv shamil hain. iss kshetra mein carboniferous black wein koyale kii seams satah seey lagbhag 900 feat (275 meater) neeche hain aur isase judee khanan gatividhi kaee dukhad upasatahi visfoton, chhat girane aur khanan durghatanaon key liye jimmedaar thee.
abb ghaatiyon kaa bhaari audyogik ateet shahari punarjanan, paryatan aur bahu-rashtriya nivesh seey bharaa huaa haye. badee karkhane ikaaiyaan, yaa tou khaali yaa khudra upayog mein badal dee gaee hain, puraane udyogon koo badalane mein safalata kii kamee kii gawah hain.
bhasha.
south wells mein adhikansh logon kii mool bhasha angreji haye, lekin aise kaee loga hain joe velsh bhee bolate hain. glamourgan key paschimi hisson mein, vishesh roop seey neeth aur swans ghaati mein, yastradginalice aur yastelifera jaise mahatvapurna velsh bhashi samudaay baney hue hain, joe purvi carmorton mein anya poorv-anthracite khanan kshetron key saath viraasat saajha karate hain, jitna kii glamourgan ghaatiyon key saath.
dakshin wells ghaati samudaayon kii sthaaniya apabhasha, bolly aur vakyanshon koo 'venglish' key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa haye, aur aksar haasya prabhaav key saath upayog kiya jaataa haye. bolly bairi jaise tateey shaharon mein paaee jaati haye, jaisa kii bee. bee. see. comedy shrinkhala, "gavin aind stacy" mein dikhaaya gayaa haye.
wells mein apani shiksha shuru karane vaale sabhi chhatron key liye wells abb jee. see. aiss. ee. star taka ack anivarya bhasha haye. iss kshetra mein velsh madhyam shiksha pradaan karane vaale kaee maadhyamik vidyalaya sanchaalit hotey hain, udaaharan key liye ponticlune mein yasgol jifun lanhari, ronda mein yasgol jifun yay simer, sinon ghaati mein penivon mein yasgol jifun raidivan, pontipool mein yasgol jifun gwynlue, blackwood mein yasgol jifun cwm raimani, cardiff mein yasgol jifun garth olg aur gaanv mein yasgol jifun garth olg.
jaatiya alpasankhyak samudaayon key logon kii ack mahatvapurna sankhya apani pahali bhasha key roop mein doosari bhasha bolati haye, vishesh roop seey cardiff aur newport mein. kuchh kshetron mein aam taur parr bolly jaane vaali bhaashaon mein panjabi, bangali, arabi, somali aur cheeni aur teji seey madhya europeeya bhaashaaen jaise polish shamil hain.
19veen aur 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein, ack jordar saahityik aur sangeet sanskriti goal-kendrit thee. angreji mein iss saahitya kaa anukaran karane key kuchh durpoke prayason key bavjood, yeh tark diyaa jaa sakata haye kii kuchh lekhak yaa tou paridrishya yaa saahityik parampara seey judate hain. ack apavaad, kuchh hudd taka, dylan thomas maanaa jaa sakata haye.
dharm.
dakshin wells paridrishya mein vibhinn isai gair-anuroop mandaliyon key kaee chappel, pooja sthal (ateet aur vartamaan) hain. illston, gover mein baptist mandali, huns, massachusets mein chully gaee, lekin 1662 mein aam prarthana kii pustak key mudde key saath anglican pooja kii bahaali key baad, kaee "ekatra" church baptist, swatantra aur presbyterian sampradayon seey sambandhit butch gaye. 18veen shatabdi mein inmein seey kuchh mandaliyon key sadasya kuchh prashikshit mantriyon key dhaarmik navacharon seey asantusht hoe gaye, aur unhone naee mandaliyon kaa nirmaan kiya jaise kii yastrad mainach key paas. usee shatabdi mein, church kabhi-kabhi paddhativaadi andolan mein shamil they, vishesh roop seey kerfili key paas grosven aur watford mein, joe donon koo sabse badey sampradaay johnn wesley seey aksar daura milata thaa, haalaanki, kailwinwadi paddhativaadi (baad mein wells kaa presbyterian church) bunn gaye, jinake vishisht gray stone chappel kaee hisson mein dekhe jaa sakate hain.
yeye mukhya roop seey velsh bhasha kii mandaliyaan theen. dakshin wells mein anglicanism wells church adhiniyam 1914 key saath ingland key church seey swaayatt hoe gayaa, lekin usa samay sampradaay key tatkaal nidhan kaa darr wells mein church mein naheen huaa haye. cardiff aur swans kshetra mein kaee bhaaiyon kii sabhaaen hain aur rivderin mein, newport key paas aur merthir tidefill mein mukt presbyterian church hain. roman catholic samudaay, vyavasthit utpeedan key bavjood, 17veen seey 19veen shatabdi mein, vishesh roop seey breaken mein aur monmouthshire-herfordshire seema parr velsh bickner jaise chhote kuleen varg key beach jeevit rhaa. baad mein shahari catholic mandaliyon key videshi mool key sadasyon mein brachi, kaife mein italvi aur aksar appenine mein bardy seey bhojan key vyaapaar they.
yuddh key baad kii vividhata ney masjidon koo laaya haye, vishesh roop seey cardiff aur newport, sikh gurudwaron mein, jisamen abersinan key paas pahaad parr ack aur susamachar aur pentecostal mandaliyon kii badhati sankhya shamil haye. yeye aksar sthaaniya jeevan mein ack majboot antarrashtriya tatva jodate hain, jaise kii pontiprid aur mabel, uganda key beach "pont" judvaan pariyojana aur duniya bhar mein praathamik utpadakon key saath "nishpaksh vyaapaar" sambandhon kaa nirmaan.
aaj udyog.
1970 key dashak key aarthik sanghrshon key baad seey koyla aur lohe key utpaadan key poorv bhaari udyog gayab hoe gaye hain, usa dashak key bund honey key saath 1980 key dashak mein teji seey jaari rhaa, aur julaai 1985 taka iss kshetra mein kewal 31 koyale key gaddhe baney rahey. 1990 key dashak kii shuruat taka iss kshetra mein kewal ack gahari khadaan bund hoe gaee aur yeh antatah janwari 2008 mein bund hoe gaee, taba taka ise rashtriya koyla board dwara beche jaane key baad niji swaamitva mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
inn udyogon koo taba seey seva kshetra key udyogon dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa haye.
aim4 galiyare key saath shaharon mein admiral beema, kanuni aur samanya aur velsh-adharit riyasat nirmaan samaaj jaisi kaee uchch-profile blue-chip companiyan hain. iss kshetra mein aur vishesh roop seey ghaati kshetra mein badee sankhya mein telephone coll center sthit hain. merthir tidefill german mobile telephone company, tii-mobile key liye pramukh yuu. key. coll center kaa ghar haye. chhote paimaane aur parivarik vyavsaayon mein bhee kaee naukariyan pradaan kii jaati hain. aadhikarik aankadon key alawa, vyaktigat samparkon seey yeh spasht haye kii nae udyog abb taka kshetra mein badee sankhya mein rahane vaale rojgar yogya logon koo sthir rojgar pradaan karane key kaary seey nipatane mein whiffle rahey hain.
aim4 galiyare parr ack ullekhaniya sthaan port talboat steelworks haye-joe britten mein sabse badaa ispat utpaadak haye aur europe mein sabse badey mein seey ack haye.
television aur film kshetra teji seey south wells mein ack pramukh udyog bunn rahey hain, bee. bee. see. dwara, pontiprid key paas nantgarv mein ack vishal samarpit production studio key vikas key saath, doctor key liye joe shrinkhala haye. lord attenbero jald hii pachas seey adhik varshon mein britten mein pahala poori tarah seey nayaa film studio kholane vaale hain. dragon international film studio, bridgend aur lantricent key beach aim4 motorway key saath sthit ack vishal uddeshya-nirmit studio parisar, mein kaee badey soundstage hain joe pahale seey hii kaee hollywood nirdeshakon aur nirmaataon kii ruchi koo aakarshit curr chuke hain, joe europe mein upayukt suvidhaon kii talash mein hain.
railway.
grate western railway swans, cardiff central aur newport seey landan paddington taka 800 varg key saath sevaaon kaa sanchaalan kartaa haye.
south wells mein adhikansh sevaaen south wells mukhya line aur ghaati lines jaisi sambaddh shaakhaon parr wells rail key liye parivahan dwara sanchaalit kii jaati hain.
media.
radio stations mein shamil hainh
velsh rashtriya media cardiff mein sthit haye jahan bee. bee. see. aur aaee. tii. vee. key apane mukhya studio aur karyalaya hain.

