
internet censorship

internet censorship internet parr joe kuchh bhee dekhaa jaa sakata haye, prakaashit kiya jaa sakata haye yaa dekhaa jaa sakata haye, uska kanuni niyantran yaa daman haye. censorship koo aksar vishisht internet domen (jaise, udaaharan key liye, wikipedia) parr lagu kiya jaataa haye.org) lekin asadharan roop seey sensor raajya key adhikaar kshetra seey baahar sthit sabhi internet sansadhanon taka vistaarit hoe sakata haye. internet censorship iss baat parr bhee pratibandh lagaa sakati haye kii internet parr kaun see jaankaari sulabh banaai jaa sakati haye. internet kii pahunch pradaan karane vaale sangathan jaise kii school aur pustakalaya aisee samagri taka pahunch koo rokane kaa vikalp chuna sakate hain jise way avaanchhaniya, aapattijanak, umr-anuchit yaa yahaan taka kii avaidh maanate hain, aur ise censorship key bajaay naitik vyavhaar key roop mein maanate hain. vyakti aur sangathan naitik, dhaarmik yaa vyaavsaayik karanon seey, samajik maandandon, raajneetik vichaaron key anuroop, dhamki key kaaran, yaa kanuni yaa anya parinamon key darr seey prakaashit samagri key swa-censorship mein sanlagn hoe sakate hain.
internet censorship kii seema desh-seey-desh key aadhar parr bhinn hoti haye. jabaki kuchh deshon mein internet censorship madhyam haye, anya desh samacharon jaisi jaankaari kii pahunch koo seemit karane aur nagrikon key beach charcha koo dabaane aur chup karaane key liye jaate hain. internet censorship chunaav, virodh aur dangon jaisi ghatnaaon key jawab mein yaa unaki pratyasha mein bhee hoti haye. ack udaaharan arab vasant kii ghatnaaon key kaaran badhee hui censorship haye. anya prakaar kii censorship mein copyrite, manhani, utpeedan aur vibhinn ashleel samagri key daavon kaa upayog jaanboojhkar samagri koo dabaane key tareeke key roop mein shamil haye.
internet censorship key liye samarthan aur virodh bhee bhinn hotaa haye. 2012 key internet society sarvekshan mein 71 pratishat uttardaataon ney sahamati vyakt kii kii "internet parr kissy naa kissy roop mein censorship maujood honey chaahiye. isi sarvekshan mein 83 pratishat ney sahamati vyakt kii kii "internet taka pahunch koo ack buniyaadi maanav adhikaar maanaa jaanaa chaahiye" aur 86 pratishat ney sahamati vyakt kii kii "internet parr abhivyakti kii swatantrata kii guaranti dee jaani chaahiye. america mein internet censorship kii dhaarana kaafee hudd taka pahale sanshodhan aur vyaapak abhivyakti kii swatantrata aur parinamon kii parwah kiye binaa samagri taka pahunch key adhikaar parr adharit haye. globalwebindex key anusaar, 40 karod seey adhik loga censorship koo darkinar karane yaa upayogkarta kii gopaniyata badhaane key liye aabhaasi niji network kaa upayog karate hain. 
avalokan.
internet censorship seey judee kaee chunautiyon mein samachar patron, patrikaon, pustakon, sangeet, radio, television aur film jaise adhik paaramparik media kii offline censorship key samaan hain. ack antar yeh haye kii rashtriya seemaaen online adhik pargamya hainh ack aise desh key nivasi joe kuchh jaankaari parr pratibandh lagaata haye, ise desh key baahar host kii gaee websites parr paa sakate hain. iss prakaar sensors koo jaankaari taka pahunch koo rokane key liye kaam karna chaahiye, bhale hii unake paas websites parr bhautik yaa kanuni niyantran kii kamee hoe. isake liye takniki censorship vidhiyon key upayog kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe internet key liye advitiya hain, jaise kii site blocking aur samagri filtering.
internet censorship kii vyavaharyata aur prabhavsheelta key baare mein vichaar internet aur censorship praudyogikiyon key vikas key samanantar vikasit hue hainh
avaruddh karna aur chhaanana apekshaakrit sthir kaali soochiyon parr adharit hoe sakata haye yaa adaan-pradaan kii jaa rahee jaankaari kii vaastavik samay kii pariksha key aadhar parr adhik gatishil roop seey nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakata haye. kaali soochiyaan manual roop seey yaa swachaalit roop seey banaai jaa sakati hain aur aksar blocking software key gair-grahakon key liye upalabdh naheen hoti hain. avaruddh yaa filtering ack kendrikrit rashtriya star parr, ack vikendrikrit upa-rashtriya star parr, yaa ack sansthaagat star parr kii jaa sakati haye, udaaharan key liye pustakalayon, vishvavidyalayon yaa internet kaife mein. ack desh key bheetar vibhinn isp mein avaruddh aur filtering bhee bhinn hoe sakati haye. desh samvedansheel samagri koo nirantar aadhar parr filter curr sakate hain aur/yaa chunaavon jaisi pramukh samay avadhi key dauran asthaayi filtering shuru curr sakate hain. kuchh mamalon mein sensor adhikaari janata koo yeh vishvaas dilaane key liye gumrah karane key liye samagri koo gupt roop seey avaruddh curr sakate hain kii censorship lagu naheen kii gaee haye. yeh ack nakali "naheen milaa" truti sandesh koo vaapas karke praapt kiya jaataa haye jaba ack avaruddh website taka pahunchane kaa prayaas kiya jaataa haye.
jaba taka kii sensor kaa sabhi internet seey judey computers parr poorna niyantran naheen haye, jaise kii uttar koria mein (joe ack intranet koo niyojit kartaa haye jise kewal visheshaadhikaar praapt nagrik hii upayog curr sakate hain), yaa cuba, internet kii antarnihit vitarit takneek key kaaran jaankaari kii kull censorship praapt karna bahut mushkil yaa asambhav haye. chhadm naam aur detta haven (jaise freenet) aisee takneekon kaa upayog karke abhivyakti kii swatantrata kii raksha karate hain joe samagri koo hataane kii guaranti naheen detee hain aur lekhakon kii pehchaan koo rokti hain. takniki roop seey jaankaar upayogkarta aksar avaruddh samagri taka pahunchane key tareeke khoj sakate hain. phir bhee, avaruddh karna adhikansh upayogkartaon key liye samvedansheel jaankaari taka pahunch koo seemit karane kaa ack prabhaavi saadhan banaa huaa haye jaba chean mein sensor, ack vyaapak censorship pranali key nirmaan aur rakharkhaav key liye mahatvapurna sansadhanon koo samarpit karane mein saksham hotey hain.
splintnet" shabd kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi rashtriya firewall key prabhaavon kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. kriya "rivercrab" bolchal kii bhasha mein internet kii censorship koo sandarbhit karati haye, vishesh roop seey asia mein.
samagri daman vidhiyaan.
takniki censorship.
vibhinn paksh prabhavsheelta, laagat aur dushprabhavon key vibhinn staron key saath avaanchhaniya sansadhanon taka saarvajanik pahunch koo rokane key liye vibhinn takniki tarikon kaa upayog curr rahey hain.
kaali soochi.
censorship koo anivarya karane aur lagu karane vaali sansthaaen aamtaur parr unaki pehchaan karati hain
nimnalikhit vastuon mein seey ack key dwaaraah mukhya shabd, domen naam aur aaee. pee. patey. niji aapurtikarta seey laker adalaton key madhyam seey vishesh sarkari agencies (chean key udyog aur soochana praudyogiki mantralaya, iran mein islami margadarshan) taka vibhinn sroton seey soochiyan bharee gaee hain.
hoffman key anusaar, kuchh websites yaa prishthon koo avaruddh karane key liye vibhinn tarikon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisamen dee. aine. aiss. vishaaktata, aaee. pee. aiss. taka pahunch koo avaruddh karna, yuu. aar. ell. kaa vishleshan aur filtering, filter packets kaa nireekshan karna aur connections koo reset karna shamil haye.
niyantran key bindu.
sensor-naamit praudyogikiyon key pravartan koo deshon key vibhinn staron aur internet buniyaadi dhaanche parr lagu kiya jaa sakata haih
drishtikon.
internet samagri takniki censorship vidhiyon key adheen haye, jisamen shamil hainh
over aur under blocking.
takniki censorship takneeken over-aind-under-blocking donon key adheen hain kyonki anya anumeya samagri koo avaruddh kiye binaa yaa lakshit samagri taka kuchh pahunch kii anumati diye binaa aur vaanchhit seey adhik yaa cumm suraksha pradaan kiye binaa lakshit samagri koo bilkul avaruddh karna aksar asambhav hotaa haye. ack udaaharan ack server key aaee. pee.-patey koo avaruddh karna haye joe kaee websites koo host kartaa haye, joe kewal una sabhi websites taka pahunch koo rokta haye jinamen aapattijanak samagri hoti haye.
vaanijyik filtering software kaa upayog.
2009 mein torrento vishvavidyalaya mein rajneeti vigyaan key professor aur saha-sansthaapak aur opennet pahal key pramukh jaanchkartaon mein seey ack, ronald debert ney likhaa aur 2011 mein likhate hue, steinford vishvavidyalaya mein ack visiting scholar aur "newyork times" mein ack opp-aid yogadankarta, evageny morjov ney bataaya kii sanyukt raajya america, finland, france, germany, britten, kanada aur dakshin africa mein companiyan duniya bhar mein online samagri filtering key badhate parishkaar key liye jimmedaar hain. jabaki internet suraksha companiyon dwara beche jaane vaale off-dha-shelf filtering software kaa vipanan mukhya roop seey vyavsaayon aur vyaktiyon koo kiya jaataa haye joe apani aur apane karmchaariyon aur parivaaron kii raksha karna chaahte hain, unakaa upayog sarkaaron dwara samvedansheel samagri koo avaruddh karane key liye bhee kiya jaataa haye.
sabse lokpriya filtering software programon mein seey ack california mein surakshit computing dwara smart filter haye, jise 2008 mein aim. see. aeye. aff. ee. dwara kharida gayaa thaa. smart filter kaa upayog tunisia, saudi arab, sudan, yuu. aeye. ee., kuwait, bahreen, iran aur oman key saath-saath sanyukt raajya america aur yuu. key. dwara kiya gayaa haye. mainmar aur yaman ney websense seey filtering software kaa upayog kiya haye. kanadai nirmit vaanijyik filter netsweeper kaa upayog katar, yuu. aeye. ee. aur yaman mein kiya jaataa haye. kanadai sangathan citizenlab ney bataaya haye kii sandwine aur prosera utpaadon kaa upayog turkey aur misra mein kiya jaataa haye.
12 march 2013 koo "internet nigrani parr vishesh report" mein, binaa seemaon key samvaaddaataon ney paanch "internet key corporate dushman" kaa naam diyaah emesi (france), blue coat system (yuu.aiss.), gaama (yuke aur germany), hacking team (itali), aur trovicor (germany). companiyan aise utpaad bechati hain jinka upayog sarkaaron dwara manvadhikaron aur soochana kii swatantrata kaa ullanghan karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. aar. doubleu. bee. ney kahaa kii soochi poori naheen haye aur aaney vaale maheenon mein iska vistaar kiya jaayega.
ack yuu mein.aiss. maee 2011 mein daayar mukadama, sisko system parr cheeni sarkaar koo ack firewall banaane mein madad karane kaa aarop haye, jise vyaapak roop seey golden sheeled key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, taaki internet koo sensor kiya jaa sakey aur asantushton parr nazar rakhee jaa sakey. sisko ney kahaa kii usane chean key liye kuchh khaas naheen kiya haye. sisko parr pratibandhit falun gong samooh key sadasyon kii nigrani aur giraftari mein cheeni sarkaar kii sahaayata karane kaa bhee aarop haye.
kaee filtering karyakram websense seey darjanon shreniyon aur upa-shreniyon key aadhar parr avaruddh karane kii anumati dete hainh "garbhpaat" (jeevan-samarthak, pasand-samarthak), "vayask samagri" (vayask samagri, adhovastra aur swimsuit, nagnata, ling, yaun shiksha), "vakaalat samooh" (saarvajanik neeti, janmat, samajik abhyaas, aarthik gatividhiyon aur sambandhon mein parivartan yaa sudhaar koo badhaava dene vaali saaiten), "drugs" (durupyog kii gaee davaaen, marizuana, nirdhaarit davaaen, poorak aur aniyamit yaugik), "dharm" (gair-paaramparik dharm aur lock kathaa, paaramparik dharm),... filtering programon dwara upayog kii jaane vaali blocking shreniyon mein trutiyaan hoe sakati hain joe websites koo anpekshit roop seey avaruddh karane kii or leey jaati hain. opennet pahal key anusaar, 2007 kii shuruat mein tunisian adhikaariyon dwara dainik gati koo avaruddh karna, apane smartfielter filtering software key liye dainik gati koo galat tareeke seey ashlilata key roop mein vargeekrit karane key kaaran thaa. shuru mein yeh socha gayaa thaa kii tunisia ney tunisia mein manvadhikaron key ullanghan key baare mein vyangyaatmak video key kaaran dainik gati koo avaruddh curr diyaa thaa, lekin surakshit computing key baad galati koo thheek karane key baad tunisia mein dainik gati taka pahunch dheere-dheere bahaal curr dee gaee thee.
vaishvik network pahal, electronic frontier foundation, amnesty international aur american sivil liberties union jaise sangathanon ney websense jaise kuchh vikretaon koo apane software mein badalaav karane, damankari sarkaaron key saath vyavasaay karane seey bachane aur una schools koo shikshit karane key liye safaltapurvak pairavi kii haye jinhone anajaane mein apane filtering software koo bahut sakhti seey phir seey configure kiya haye. phir bhee, vaanijyik filter aur sevaaon key upayog seey sambandhit niyam aur jawabdehi aksar gair-maujood hoti haye, aur nagrik samaaj yaa anya swatantra samoohon seey apekshaakrit cumm nireekshan hotaa haye. vikreta aksar iss baare mein jaankaari parr vichaar karate hain kii kaun see site aur samagri avaruddh haye moolyavaan bauddhik sampada joe company key baahar upalabdh naheen haye, kabhi-kabhi filter khareedane vaale sangathanon koo bhee naheen. iss prakaar, baahari filtering pranaliyon parr bharosa karke, yeh taya karane kaa vistrit kaary kii kyaa sweekarya bhaashan haye yaa naheen, vaanijyik vikretaon koo outsource kiya jaa sakata haye.
gair-takniki censorship.
internet samagri bhee adhik paaramparik media key saath upayog kiye jaane vaale tarikon key samaan censorship key adheen haye. udaaharan key liyeh
web seva prachaalak dwara upayogkartaon kii censorship.
vivadaspad samagri key aadhar parr upayogkarta khaaton koo hataana.
deplatforming internet censorship kaa ack roop haye jisamen vivadaspad vaktaaon yaa bhaashan koo nilambit, pratibandhit yaa anyatha soshal media platform aur anya seva pradaataon dwara bund curr diyaa jaataa haye joe aam taur parr swatantra bhaashan yaa abhivyakti key liye ack sthaan pradaan karate hain. banking aur vittiya seva pradaataon ney, anya companiyon key beach, vivadaspad kaaryakartaon yaa sangathanon koo sevaaon seey bhee incar kiya haye, ack pratha jise "vittiya vikriti" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.
low professor glain reinolds ney agast 2018 key ack lekh mein "dha wall street journal" mein 2018 koo "deplatforming kaa varsh" karaar diyaa. reinolds key anusaar, 2018 mein "internet diggajon ney kaee logon aur vichaaron koo pasand naheen karane vaale logon parr darwaaje todane kaa faisala kiya."udaaharan key liye, 6 agast 2018 koo, youtube aur facebook sahit kaee pramukh platforms ney roodhivaadi tock show host alex johns aur unake media platform infovers seey judey sabhi khaaton aur media parr ack samanvit, sthaayi pratibandh lagaaya, jisamen" "ghrinit bhaashan" "aur" "hinsa kaa mahimamandan" "kaa hawala diyaa gayaa."
site aur samagri hataane key sambandh mein aadhikarik bayaan.
adhikansh pramukh web seva prachaalak samagri koo hataane yaa poorv-screen karane aur upayogkarta khaaton koo nilambit karane yaa samaapt karane key liye vyaapak adhikaar apane paas rakhate hain, kabhi-kabhi ack vishisht soochi diye binaa yaa hataane kii anumati dene vaale karanon kii kewal ack aspasht samanya soochi diye binaa. seva samjhauton key sandarbh mein "hamaare vivekadhikar parr", "binaa poorv soochana key" aur "anya karanon seey" vakyansh aam hain.
avahelana.
internet censorship avahelana takneek kii samajh rakhane vaale internet upayogkartaon dwara internet filtering key takniki pahaluon koo darkinar karane aur anyatha sensor kii gaee samagri taka pahunch praapt karane key liye upayog kii jaane vaali prakriyaon mein seey ack haye. internet koo sensor karane key ichchuk logon key liye darkinar ack antarnihit samasya haye kyonki filtering aur avaruddh karane seey internet seey samagri naheen hatati haye, balki isaki pahunch koo avaruddh curr detee haye. isaliye, jaba taka cumm seey cumm ack saarvajanik roop seey sulabh binaa sensor vaali pranali haye, taba taka anyatha sensor kii gaee samagri taka pahunch praapt karna aksar sambhav hoga. haalaanki gair-takneek-premi upayogkartaon dwara darkinar karna sambhav naheen hoe sakata haye, isaliye badee sankhya mein upayogkartaon kii internet pahunch koo rokane aur chhaanane kaa prabhaavi saadhan banaa rahata haye.
proxy website, aabhaasi niji network, sneakernet, dark web aur paridhi software upkaran sahit internet censorship koo darkinar karane key liye vibhinn takneekon aur sansadhanon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. samadhanon mein upayog mein aasaani, gati, suraksha aur jokhim alag-alag hain. haalaanki, adhikansh loga ack aise internet connection taka pahunch praapt karane parr bharosa karate hain joe filtering key adheen naheen haye, aksar ack alag adhikaar kshetra mein ack hii censorship kaanoonon key adheen naheen hotaa haye. globalwebindex key anusaar, 40 karod seey adhik loga censorship koo darkinar karane yaa gopaniyata key badhe hue star key liye aabhaasi niji network kaa upayog karate hain. adhikansh parivekshan takneeken dinn-pratidin key upayog key liye upayukt naheen hain.
internet censorship koo darkinar karane key liye avahelana software yaa anya tarikon kaa upayog karane key jokhim hain. kuchh deshon mein, joe vyakti anyatha pratibandhit samagri taka pahunch praapt karate hain, way kaanoon kaa ullanghan curr sakate hain aur yadi pakade jaate hain tou unhein nishkaasit kiya jaa sakata haye, nikaal diyaa jaa sakata haye, jail bheja jaa sakata haye, yaa anya dandon aur pahunch key nuksan key adheen kiya jaa sakata haye.
juuna 2011 mein "newyork times" ney bataaya kii yuu.aiss. chhaaya' internet aur mobile phone pranaliyon koo tainaat karane key vaishvik prayaas mein lagaa huaa haye jiska upayog asantusht damankari sarkaaron koo kamjor karane key liye curr sakate hain joe dursanchar network koo sensor yaa bund karke unhein chup karaana chaahte hain."
internet censorship koo darkinar karane kaa ack aur tarika haye bhautik roop seey usa kshetra mein jaanaa jahaan internet sensor naheen haye. 2017 mein ack tathaakathit "internet sharanarthi shivir" kii sthaapana isake shramikon dwara bonaco gaanv mein kii gaee thee, joe cameroon key ack kshetra key thheek baahar haye jahan niyamit roop seey internet avaruddh haye.
HTTPS kaa upayog badhaaen.
web khojon mein mool roop seey joe HTTP thaa, usake viruddh HTTPS key upayog ney mool roop seey avaruddh yaa bhaari nigrani vaali adhikansh saiton taka adhik pahunch banaai. facebook, googal aur tweeter sahit kaee soshal media saiton ney 2017 taka HTTPS mein ack swachaalit punarnirdeshan jodaa haye. HTTPS upayog koo apanaane key saath, "sensor" key paas yaa tou sabhi samagri koo poori tarah seey avaruddh karane yaa unamen seey kissy koo bhee avaruddh karane key seemit vikalp naheen hain. 
HTTPS kaa upayog swabhavik roop seey ack poore domen kii censorship koo naheen rokta haye, kyonki domen naam koo TLS handshake key clienthalo mein binaa encrypted chhod diyaa jaataa haye. encrypted client hallow tls extension kaa vistaar htts parr hotaa haye aur poore clienthalo koo encrypt kartaa haye lekin yeh client aur server samarthan donon parr nirbhar kartaa haye.
samanya lakshya.
internet filtering key liye kaee uddeshya yaa tark hainh rajneeti aur shakti, samajik mandand aur naitikta, aur suraksha chintaaen. maujooda aarthik hiton kii raksha karna internet filtering key liye ack atirikt ubharata huaa uddeshya haye. isake alawa, networking upkaran aur anuprayog joe inn uddeshyon seey sambandhit jaankaari saajha karane kii anumati dete hain, way swayam filtering aur blocking key adheen hain. aur jabaki desh seey desh mein kaafee bhinnata haye, sthaaniya bhasha mein web saiton koo avaruddh karna kewal angreji yaa anya antarrashtriya bhaashaon mein upalabdh web saiton kii tulanaa mein lagbhag doguna haye.
rajneeti aur satta.
sattaaroodh sarkaar key raajneetik virodh parr nirdeshit censorship sattawadi aur damankari shasanon mein aam haye. kuchh desh dharm aur alpasankhyak samoohon seey sambandhit web saiton koo avaruddh karate hain, aksar jaba yeye andolan sattaaroodh shasson key liye khatare kaa pratinidhitva karate hain.
udaharanon mein shamil hainh
samajik mandand.
samajik filtering una vishayon kii censorship haye jinhen sweekrit samajik maandandon key khilaf maanaa jaataa haye. vishesh roop seey baal pornography aur bachchon key liye anuchit maani jaane vaali samagri kii censorship koo bahut vyaapak saarvajanik samarthan praapt haye aur iss tarah kii samagri adhikansh deshon mein censorship aur anya pratibandhon key adheen haye.
udaharanon mein shamil hainh
suraksha sambandhi chintaaen.
kaee sangathan apane paryaavaran koo malware seey bachaane key liye ack raksha key hisse key roop mein filtering koo gaharaai seey ranneeti mein lagu karate hain, aur udaaharan key liye, yaun utpeedan koo anjam dene key liye, apane network kaa upayog kiye jaane kii sthiti mein apani pratishtha kii raksha karate hain.
rashtriya suraksha key khatron seey sambandhit internet filtering joe vidrohiyon, charampanthiyon aur aatankvaadiyon kii web saiton koo lakshit karati haye, aksar vyaapak saarvajanik samarthan praapt karati haye.
udaharanon mein shamil hainh
maujooda aarthik hiton aur copyrite kaa sanrakshan.
maujooda aarthik hiton kii suraksha kabhi-kabhi naee internet sevaaon koo avaruddh karane key liye prerana hoti haye jaise kii cumm laagat vaali telephone sevaaen joe voyce over internet protocol (voip) kaa upayog karati hain. yeye sevaaen dursanchar companiyon key graahak aadhar koo cumm curr sakati hain, jinamen seey kaee ekmusht padon kaa anand letee hain aur jinamen seey kuchh sarkaar dwara praayojit yaa niyantrit hain.
copyrite virodhi kaaryakartaon christian ingstrom, rick falcoving aur auskar swartz ney aarop lagaaya haye kii baal pornography kii censorship kaa upayog copyrite lobby sangathanon dwara ack bahaane key roop mein kiya jaa rhaa haye taaki raajnetaon koo copyrite seey sambandhit samudri dakaiti key khilaf isi tarah kii site koo avaruddh karane vaale kaanoon koo lagu karane key liye kahaa jaa sakey.
udaharanon mein shamil hainh
network upkaran.
internet key madhyavarti upkaranon aur anuprayogon koo avaruddh karna joe upayogkartaon koo samvedansheel samagri taka pahunchane aur saajha karane mein sahaayata karane key liye upayog kiya jaa sakata haye, kaee deshon mein aam haye.
udaharanon mein shamil hainh
vyaktiyon key baare mein jaankaari.
bhool jaane kaa adhikaar" ack aisee avadharana haye jiss parr europeeya sangh mein charcha kii gaee haye aur ise vyavhaar mein laaya gayaa haye. maee 2014 mein, europeeya nyayalaya ney googal key khilaf "costeja" mein faisala sunaaya, ack spanish vyakti dwara laaya gayaa mamla, jisane apane poorv-bund ghar key liye nilami key baare mein "laa vanguardia" samachar patra mein ack digitised 1998 lekh key link koo hataane kaa anurodh kiya, ack rinn key liye joe usane baad mein bhugtan kiya thaa. unhone shuru mein spen kii detta suraksha agency-"againcia espanola dee protesian dee datos"-seey shikayat karke lekh koo hataane kaa prayaas kiya, jisane iss aadhar parr daave koo khariz curr diyaa kii yeh vaidh aur sateek thaa, lekin googal key khilaf ack shikayat koo sweekaar curr liya aur googal seey parinamon koo hataane key liye kahaa. googal ney spen mein mukadama daayar kiya aur mukadama europeeya nyayalaya koo sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa. adalat ney "costeja" mein faisala sunaaya kii khoj injan usa samagri key liye jimmedaar hain jiss parr way ishara karate hain aur iss prakaar, googal koo eu detta gopaniyata kaanoonon kaa paalan karane kii aavashyakta thee. isane 30 maee 2014 koo anupaalan shuru kiya, jisake dauran usey apane khoj injan seey vyaktigat vivaran hataane key liye 12,000 anurodh praapt hue.
censorship parr soochkaank ney daavaa kiya kii "costeja" kaa faisala... vyaktiyon koo binaa kissy kanuni nireekshan key una jaankaari key baare mein khoj injanon seey shikayat karane kii anumati detaa haye joe unhein pasand naheen haye. yeh ack pustakalaya mein jaane aur ise kitaabon koo ludhakaane key liye majboor karane key samaan haye. haalaanki yeh nirnay niji vyaktiyon key liye haye, lekin yeh kissy bhee vyakti key liye dwaar kholata haye joe apane vyaktigat itihas koo safed karna chaahata haye...adalat kaa nirnay ack pratigaami kadam haye joe khoj injanon aur vyaapak internet kii bhoomika aur jimmedaari koo galat samajhata haye. ise europeeya sangh mein una sabhi logon kii reedh koo thandaa karna chaahiye joe abhivyakti kii swatantrata aur soochana kii swatantrata key mahatvapurna mahatva mein vishvaas karate hain."
lachilaapan.
vibhinn sandarbh prabhaavit karate hain kii kyaa ack internet upayogkarta censorship prayason key liye lachila hoga yaa naheen. upayogkarta censorship key liye adhik lachila hotey hain yadi way jaanate hain kii jaankaari mein herfer kiya jaa rhaa haye. censorship kii iss jagrukta seey upayogkarta ise darkinar karane key tareeke khojate hain. censorship kii jagrukta upayogkartaon koo apani vishvaas pranaliyon mein iss herfer koo kaarak banaane kii bhee anumati detee haye. censorship kaa gyaan kuchh nagrikon koo aisee jaankaari khojane key liye protsaahan bhee detaa haye jise chhipaaya jaa rhaa haye. isake vipareet, jinn logon mein censorship key baare mein jagrukta kii kamee haye, way aasaani seey soochana herfer kii bharpai naheen curr sakate hain.
censorship lachilaapan key liye anya mahatvapurna kaarak jaankaari koo chhipaane kii maang aur censorship koo darkinar karane key liye laagat kaa bhugtan karane kii kshamata hain. manoranjan samagri raajneetik samagri kii tulanaa mein online censorship key liye adhik lachila haye, aur adhik shiksha, praudyogiki pahunch aur vyaapak, adhik vividh samajik network vaale upayogkarta censorship prayason key liye adhik lachila hain.
duniya bhar mein.
jaise-jaise adhik sthaanon parr adhik loga mahatvapurna gatividhiyon key liye internet kaa upayog karna shuru karate hain, online censorship mein vriddhi hoti jaa rahee haye, jisamen adhik seey adhik parishkrit takneekon kaa upayog kiya jaa rhaa haye. internet censorship key uddeshya, daira aur prabhavsheelta desh-darr-desh vyaapak roop seey bhinn hoti haye. raajya-anivarya filtering mein lagey desh duniya key teen mukhya kshetron mein samoohbaddh hainh poorv asia, madhya asia aur madhya poorv/uttar africa.
anya kshetron mein desh bhee filtering key kuchh roopon kaa abhyaas karate hain. sanyukt raajya america mein raajya-anivarya internet filtering pustakalayon aur key-12 schools mein kuchh computers parr hoti haye. naziwad yaa narsamhar seey incar seey sambandhit samagri france aur germany mein avaruddh haye. duniya bhar key kaee deshon mein baal pornography aur ghrinit bhaashan avaruddh hain. vaastav mein, duniya bhar key kaee desh, jinamen abhivyakti kii swatantrata aur press kii swatantrata key liye majboot samarthan kii lambi paramparaon vaale kuchh loktantra shamil hain, kuchh matra mein online censorship mein lagey hue hain, aksar paryaapt saarvajanik samarthan key saath.
chean mein internet censorship duniya mein sabse sakht haye. sarkaar una web saiton koo avaruddh karati haye joe dalaai laama, 1989 mein tianmen chauk pradarshankariyon parr kaarravaai, pratibandhit aadhyatmik abhyaas falun gong, saath hii kaee samanya internet saiton parr charcha karati hain. sarkaar koo aadhikarik roop seey "samvedansheel" maane jaane vaale muddon koo sensor karane key liye internet khoj farmon aur raajya media kii aavashyakta haye, aur facebook, tweeter aur youtube sahit videshi websites taka pahunch koo avaruddh karna haye. 2014 mein ack adhyayan key anusaar, chean mein censorship kaa upayog una logon koo dabaane key liye kiya jaataa haye joe sarkaar key baahar kissy bhee kaaran seey bheed key nirmaan koo badhaava dene kaa prayaas karate hain-sarkaar key virodh mein, samarthan mein, yaa sarkaar seey asambandhit. 
ack agami adhyayan kaa tark haye kii internet censorship kaa virodh karane vaale antarrashtriya nikaay hain, udaaharan key liye "internet censorship vishva vyaapaar sangathan (doublutio) mein chunauti key liye khuli haye kyonki yeh online sevaaon mein vyaapaar koo pratibandhit curr sakati haye.
antarrashtriya chintaaen.
aam taur parr, kissy desh key bheetar samagri koo prabhaavit karane vaale rashtriya kaanoon kewal una sevaaon parr lagu hotey hain joe usa desh key bheetar kaam karati hain aur antarrashtriya sevaaon koo prabhaavit naheen karati hain, lekin yeh antarrashtriya mamle key kaanoon dwara spasht roop seey sthaapit naheen kiya gayaa haye. aisee chintaaen hain kii deshon key beach abhivyakti kii swatantrata mein vishal antar key kaaran, kii ack desh kii vaishvik internet parr bhaashan koo prabhaavit karane kii kshamata kaa bhayaavah prabhaav parh sakata haye.
udaaharan key liye, googal ney sitambar 2019 mein europeeya nyayalaya mein ack mamla jeetaa thaa jisamen faisala sunaaya gayaa thaa kii europeeya sangh kaa bhoolane kaa adhikaar kewal europeeya sangh key bheetar kii sevaaon parr lagu hotaa haye, naa kii vaishvik star parr. 
lekin octuber 2019 mein ack vipareet nirnay mein, usee adalat ney faisala sunaaya kii facebook koo vaishvik star parr manhanikarak samagri key sambandh mein kiye gaye ack hataane key anurodh kaa paalan karane kii aavashyakta thee joe ack austriyai dwara facebook parr post kii gaee thee joe dusare kii manhanikarak thee, jise austriyai kaanoonon key tahat avaidh honey key liye nirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. iss mamle ney ack samasyagrast misal paida kii kii internet sabse sakht rashtriya manhani kaanoonon key tahat viniyaman key adheen hoe sakata haye, aur abhivyakti kii swatantrata koo seemit curr sakata haye joe anya deshon mein sweekarya hoe sakati haye.
internet bund.
kaee sarkaaron ney desh mein adhikansh yaa sabhi internet connections koo bund karane kaa sahaara liya haye.
aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii yeh mamla 27 aur 28 janwari 2011 koo 2011 key misra key virodh pradarshanon key dauran huaa thaa, jise vyaapak roop seey ack "abhootpoorv" internet block key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. misra key network key liye lagbhag 3500 seema pravesh dwaar protocol (bee. jee. pee.) maarg lagbhag 22:10 seey 22:35 yuu. tii. see. 27 janwari taka bund curr diye gaye they. iss poorna khand koo pramukh antarmahadvipiya fiber-optic link koo kaate binaa lagu kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen 27 janwari koo renaces ney kahaa thaa, "misra key madhyam seey mahatvapurna europeeya-asiai fiber-optic maarg abhee key liye aprabhaavit prateet hotey hain."
2007 mein myanmar/barma, 2011 mein libya, 2019 mein iran aur siriyai grihyuddh key dauran seeriya mein bhee poorna avrodh hue.
nagrik shasson kii maang koo laker raajneetik vipaksh key dharane key jawab mein, sudan mein lagbhag sabhi internet connection 3 juuna seey 9 julaai 2019 taka kaat diye gaye they. amhara kshetra mein takhtapalat key prayaas key baad ack saptah taka ethiopia mein lagbhag puuraa bund rhaa. 2019 key mauritanian rashtrapati chunaav parr vivaadon key baad mauritania mein ack saptah taka bund rhaa. 2019 mein desh bhar mein bund honey vaale anya deshon mein zimbabwe mein petrol kii keemat key virodh pradarshanon key baad pulis hinsa, 2019 key gabony takhtapalat key prayaas key dauran gabon aur kango, benin, malawi aur kazakhstan key loktaantrik ganarajya mein chunaavon key dauran yaa usake baad shamil hain.
ashanti aur suraksha chintaon key samay bhaarat mein aksar sthaaniya bund kaa adesh diyaa jaataa haye. kuchh deshon ney pariksha key dauran dhokhadhadi kaa mukabala karane key liye sthaaniya internet shutdown kaa upayog kiya haye, jisamen iraq, ethiopia, bhaarat, algeria aur uzbekistan shamil hain.
iran kii sarkaar ney eendhan virodh key jawab mein 16 seey 23 navambar 2019 taka kull internet bund curr diyaa. orecal mein internet vishleshan key nideshak daug madori ney operation koo "apane paimaane mein asamanya" aur adhik unnat bataaya haye. 16 navambar 2019 koo shaniwar dopahar seey, iran kii sarkaar ney gais kii keematen badhaane key sarkaar key faisale key khilaf vyaapak virodh pradarshanon kii pratikriya key roop mein desh key adhikansh internet sampark koo bund karane kaa adesh diyaa. jabaki iran apane nagrikon kii internet taka pahunch mein sarkaar dwara nirdeshit hastakshep key liye koee ajnabi naheen haye, yeh outage ullekhaniya haye kii yeh pichhali ghatnaaon seey kaise alag haye. censorship aur bandwidth throttling key pichhale prayason key vipareet, iran kaa internet vartamaan mein apani adhikansh aabaadi key liye ack bahu-divasiya thoke disconnection kaa anubhav curr rhaa haye-yakinan iran key liye abb taka kaa sabse badaa aisaa karyakram.
report, rating aur rujhaan.
internet censorship parr desh-darr-desh vistrit jaankaari opennet pahal, binaa seemaon key samvaaddaataon, friedam house, vee-dame sansthaan, abb aur yuu. aiss. mein pahunch dwara pradaan kii jaati haye.aiss. loktantra, manvadhikar aur shram vibhaag kii "manvadhikar report". inmein seey kaee sangathanon dwara utpaadit rating koo desh dwara internet censorship aur desh key lekhon dwara censorship mein sankshep mein prastut kiya gayaa haye.
opennet pahal report.
2010 key madhyam seey opennet pahal ney duniya bhar key chaalees seey adhik deshon mein sarkaaron dwara internet filtering kaa dastavejikaran kiya thaa. 2007 mein 26 deshon mein aur 2009 mein 25 deshon mein filtering key star koo raajneetik, samajik aur suraksha kshetron mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa. vargeekrit 41 alag-alag deshon mein seey saat mein teenon kshetron (misra, france, germany, bhaarat, ukraine, united kingdam aur sanyukt raajya) mein filtering kaa koee saboot naheen paaya gayaa, jabaki ack mein teenon kshetron (chean) mein vyaapak filtering mein sanlagn paaya gayaa, 13 mein ack yaa adhik kshetron mein vyaapak filtering mein sanlagn paaya gayaa, aur 34 mein ack yaa adhik kshetron mein filtering key kuchh star mein sanlagn paaya gayaa. 2007 aur 2009 donon mein vargeekrit 10 deshon mein seey ack ney apane filtering (pakistan) key star koo cumm curr diyaa, paanch ney apane filtering key star (azerbaijan, bellaroos, kazakhstan, dakshin koria aur uzbekistan) mein vriddhi kii, aur chaar ney filtering (chean, iran, myanmar aur tajikistan) key samaan star koo banaae rakhaa.
nett report parr swatantrata.
friedam house kii "friedam onn dha nett" report duniya bhar key deshon key liye internet swatantrata kii sthiti key sambandh mein vishleshanatmak report aur sankhyaatmak rating pradaan karati haye. sarvekshan kiye gaye desh bhaugolik vividhata aur aarthik vikas key staron key saath-saath raajneetik aur media swatantrata key vibhinn staron key saath ack namoone kaa pratinidhitva karate hain. sarvekshan pratyek desh key internet aur digital media swatantrata key star koo maapane key liye design kiye gaye prashnon kaa ack sett poochate hain, saath hii saath jaankaari sanchaarit karane key anya digital sadhanon, vishesh roop seey mobile phone aur text messaging sevaaon kii pahunch aur khulepan koo maapane key liye. parinam teen kshetron key liye prastut kiye jaate hainh pahunch mein baadhaaen, samagri parr seemaaen aur upayogkarta adhikaaron kaa ullanghan.
teen kshetron key parinamon koo ack desh key liye kull ank mein jodaa jaataa haye (sarvshreshth key liye 0 seey laker sabse kharaab key liye 100) aur deshon koo kull key aadhar parr "mukt" (0 seey 30), "aanshik roop seey mukt" (31 seey 60), yaa "mukt naheen" (61 seey 100) key roop mein mulyankan kiya jaataa haye.
2009 seey shuru hocker friedam house ney report key nau sanskaran taiyar kiye hain.
2010 mein koee report naheen thee. report aam taur parr juuna seey maee taka kii avadhi koo cover karati haye.
2014 kii report mein 65 deshon kaa mulyankan kiya gayaa aur bataaya gayaa kii pichhale varsh seey 36 deshon ney internet swatantrata mein nakaratmak prakshepavakra kaa anubhav kiya, jisamen roose, turkey aur ukraine mein sabse mahatvapurna girawat aaee. report key anusaar, kuchh deshon ney internet swatantrata mein kissy bhee laabh kaa pradarshan kiya, aur darj kiye gaye sudhaaron ney internet swatantrata koo sakriya roop seey badhaane key liye sarkaaron dwara uthaaye gaye nae kadmon key bajaay maujooda niyantranon key cumm jordar anuprayog koo pratibimbit kiya. varsh kaa sabse badaa sudhaar bhaarat mein darj kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan poorvottar raajyon mein dangon koo dabaane key liye 2013 mein joe pratibandh lagaae gaye they, usase samagri aur pahunch parr pratibandhon mein dheel dee gaee thee. brazil mein bhee ullekhaniya sudhaar darj kiya gayaa, jahaan sansadon ney bill marco sivil daa internet koo manjuri dee, jisamen nett tatasthata koo niyantrit karane aur gopaniyata suraksha kii raksha karane vaale mahatvapurna praavdhaan shamil hain.
binaa seemaon key samvaadaata (aar. aiss. aff.).
aar. doubleu. bee. "internet nigrani parr vishesh report".
12 march 2013 koo, binaa seemaon key samvaaddaataon ney "internet nigrani parr vishesh report" prakaashit kii. report mein dou naee soochiyaan shamil hainh
march 2013 mein internet key paanch "raajya dushman" naamit kiye gaye hainh bahreen, chean, iran, seeriya aur viyatnam.
march 2013 mein naamit paanch "internet key corporate dushman" hainh emesi (france), blue coat system (yuu.aiss.), gaama international (yuke aur germany), hacking team (itali), aur trovicor (germany).
vee-dame digital society pariyojana.
vee-dame digital society pariyojana internet censorship, online galat soochana aur internet shutdown seey sambandhit kaee prashnon koo maapati haye. iss vaarshik report mein paanch kshetron kaa aaklan karane vaale 35 sanketak shamil hainh galat soochana, digital media kii swatantrata, digital media kaa raajya viniyaman, online media kaa dhruvikaran aur online samajik vibhajan. detta sett duniya bhar key visheshagyon key sarvekshanon koo ekatrit karane kii vee-dame kii paddhati kaa upayog kartaa haye. ise 2019 seey shuru hocker harr saal update kiya jaataa haye, jisamen 2000-2021 seey detta shamil hotaa haye. yeye rating abb doorasth roop seey samvedi detta kii tulanaa mein friedam house jaise anya visheshagya vishleshanon key samaan hain.
abb #keepiton taka pahunchen.
abb abhigam #keepiton pariyojana key hisse key roop mein internet shutdown, throttling aur blockage kii vaarshik soochi rakhta haye. yeye detta shutdown kii kaee visheshtaon koo track karate hain jinamen unakaa sthaan, unaki avadhi, vishesh sevaaon parr prabhaav, shutdown key liye sarkaar kaa auchitya aur swatantra media dwara report kiye gaye shutdown key vaastavik kaaran shamil hain. friedam house yaa vee-dame key vipareet, axes abb remot sensing kaa upayog karke shutdown kaa pataa lagaata haye aur phir nagrik samaaj, sarkaar, desh key swayamsevakon yaa isps kii reports key saath inn udaharanon kii pushti kartaa haye. inn tarikon koo galat sakaratmak honey kii sambhavana cumm paaee gaee haye.
bee. bee. see. vishva seva vaishvik janmat sarvekshan.
antarrashtriya matdan firm globescan dwara 30 navambar 2009 aur 7 farwari 2010 key beach telephone aur vyaktigat sakshatkar kaa upayog karke bbc vishva seva key liye 14,306 internet upayogkartaon sahit 26 deshon mein 27,973 vayaskon kaa ack sarvekshan kiya gayaa thaa. globescan key adhyaksh daug miller ney kull milakar mahsoos kiya kii sarvekshan seey pataa chalaa kih
sarvekshan key nishkarshon mein shamil hainh
internet samaaj kaa vaishvik internet upayogkarta sarvekshan.
julaai aur agast 2012 mein internet society ney 20 deshon mein 10,000 seey adhik internet upayogkartaon key online sakshatkar aayojit kiye. internet censorship key liye praasangik kuchh parinamon koo neeche sankshep mein prastut kiya gayaa haye.
filtering yaa avaruddh gatividhiyon kii paardarshita.
online samagri koo filter yaa avaruddh karane vaale deshon mein, kuchh loga apani filtering aur avaruddh karane kii gatividhiyon koo khule taur parr sweekaar karate hain yaa poori tarah seey khulasa karate hain. raajneetik jaankaari taka pahunch koo avaruddh karane key baare mein raajya aksar apaardarshi aur/yaa bhraamak hotey hain. udaaharan key liyeh
arab vasant.
2011 key arab vasant key dauran, media jihad (media sangharsh) vyaapak thaa. internet aur mobile praudyogikiyan, vishesh roop seey facebook aur tweeter jaise samajik network, virodh pradarshanon koo aayojit karane aur failaane aur unhein baaki duniya mein dikhaai dene mein mahatvapurna naee aur anoothi bhoomika nibha rahey hain. misra mein ack karyakarta ney tweet kiya, "humm virodh pradarshanon koo nirdhaarit karane key liye facebook, samanvaya key liye tweeter aur duniya koo bataane key liye youtube kaa upayog karate hain.
digital media key iss safal upayog key kaaran 2011 mein misra aur libia mein internet kii pahunch key poorna nuksan sahit censorship mein vriddhi hui. seeriya mein, siriyai electronic senaa (samudra), ack sangathan joe cumm seey cumm sarkaar key maun samarthan key saath kaam kartaa haye, kaee websites koo vikrit karane yaa anyatha samjhauta karane kii jimmedaari kaa daavaa kartaa haye joe yeh daavaa kartaa haye kii yeh siriyai sarkaar key liye pratikool samachar failata haye. samudra all jazira, bee. bee. see. samachar, siriyai upgrah prasarak orient tv aur dubai sthit all arabia tv sahit media websites koo lakshit karane key liye design kiye gaye seva (doss) software kaa prasaar kartaa haye.
arab vasant kranti dwara laae gaye abhivyakti kii adhik swatantrata key jawab mein, joe desh pahale bahut sakht censorship key adheen they, march 2011 mein, binaa seemaon key samvaaddaataon ney tunisia aur misra koo apani "internet dushmanon" kii soochi seey "nigrani key tahat deshon" kii soochi mein sthanantarit curr diyaa aur 2012 mein libia koo poori tarah seey soochi seey hataa diyaa. usee samay, aisee chetaavaniyan theen kii arab vasant kii ghatnaaon key baad anya deshon mein internet censorship badh sakati haye. haalaanki, 2013 mein, libian sanchaar company ney ashleel websites koo avaruddh curr diyaa. isane delly motion jaisi samanya websites key parivaar-filter kiye gaye video koo bhee avaruddh curr diyaa.
russie-ukraini yuddh.
2022 mein roose-ukraine yuddh key dauran, roose ney internet websites tweeter aur facebook koo avaruddh karane kii soochana dee thee. facebook koo pramanikta key liye samacharon kii sameeksha karane kii apani neeti parr apatti key kaaran nilambit kiya gayaa thaa, jahaan unhein apane munch parr prakaashit karane kii anumati dene seey pahale russie raajya samarthit media dwara prastut kiya gayaa thaa. yeh poorna pratibandh key adheen thaa jabaki tweeter koo kshetriya roop seey nilambit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. reports ney pehchaan kii haye kii vee. pee. aine. key upayog ney logon koo software sthaapit karke pratibandhon koo darkinar karane mein saksham banaaya haye.
yeh bataaya gayaa haye kii europeeya sangh prachaar karane vaale russie media outlets koo sensor karane kii koshish karega.
bhee dekhein.
sangathan aur pariyojanaaen
vishay

