
mairi shau (abhinetri)

mairi jee. shau (25 janwari, 1854-18 maee, 1929) ack americi abhinetri, natakkar, matadhikarvadi aur praarambhik nariwadi theen.
shaa 1890 key dashak kii shuruat seey hii mahila andolan mein shamil theen aur 1892 mein way peshevar mahila leag kii sadasya bunn gaeen. unhone ack abhinetri key roop mein apane currier mein kaee vivadaspad bhoomikaaen nibhaain, aur apane samay key kuchh sabse vivadaspad natakon jaise kii heinrich ibsen key "bhoot" aur "heda gabler", george bernard shau key (koee sambandh naheen) "shrimati" mein shamil theen. vaaran kaa pesha "aur kaee mahila matadhikar khelati hain.
abhinetri jessy bonstell key saath shau ney beesavin shatabdi kii shuruat mein mahila key rashtriya rangmanch kii rachana kii.
shau peedit thaa aur hriday roga seey marr jaayega. "paalane kaa geet" bimari key parinamswarup munch parr unaki antim upasthiti thee.
abhinetri.
peshevar mahila leag.
ack vaktaa aur matadhikar key roop mein shau kii safalata key pramukh karakon mein seey ack clubon key saath unake judaav key kaaran thaa joe vibhinn vyavsaayon kii vyaapak saanskritik aur samajik sweekriti praapt karane key liye upayog kiye jaate they. abhinetriyon ney sangathanaatmak aur bolane key kaushal koo vikasit karane key liye clubon kaa gathan kiya, jisane baad mein mahila matadhikar andolan key liye unake kaam mein madad kii. sabse mahatvapurna abhinetriyon kaa club peshevar mahila leag thaa, jisaki sthaapana abhinetriyon aur naatya prabandhakon kii patniyon dwara kii gaee thee. charter ney mahilaaon koo ack dusare key liye sahayak banaane key uddeshya seey naatakiya, sangeet aur saahityik gatividhiyon mein sanlagn honey key liye naamit kiya."leag ack badey club, sorosis seey utari, jisane iss nae aur badhate club kaa samarthan naheen kiya. iss vibhajan key parinamswarup abhinetriyon key beach bahut asahamati aur blackball thaa. leag kaa ack mukhya ghatak yuva abhinetriyon koo diye gaye sabak they joe unhein dressmaking kakshaon mein apani khud kii veshbhusha banaana sikhaate they.
halanki shau club key sadasya they aur khud ack matadhikarvadi they, leag kewal mahilaaon key matadhikar key liye naheen thee kyonki anya loga bhee they joe andolan key khilaf they. shau kaa dridhata seey maanana thaa kii matadhikar hii ekmatra taarkik raay thee. usane kahaa, "vaha mahila joe apane liye naheen sochegi... yeh apane swabhaav koo nuksan pahunchaata haye."
shau ney 1913 mein matadhikar andolan kii asweekriti key baad leag key adhyaksh key liye chunaav ladane kaa faisala kiya. vaha teen maton seey haar gaeen, aur kaee mahilaaon ney phir kabhi club mein pair naheen rakhane kii kasam khaai. ack maheene seey bhee cumm samay mein peshevar mahila leag aadhe mein vibhajit hoe gaee thee. shau aur unake kaee samarthak sargam club banaane key liye chaley gaye, jisamen adhik aramdayak vatavaran thaa aur sabhi vibhinn prakaar key vyavsaayon kii mahilaaon kaa swaagat kiya.
munch parr.
dha theatre magazine" key ack praarambhik sanskaran ney daavaa kiya kii "mairi shau act dekhana...anivarya roop seey abhinetri key peechhe kii mahila mein ruchi mahsoos karna haye."shau apane poore jeevan mein lagaatar munch parr thee. vaha vishesh roop seey lokpriya natakkaron, heinrich ibsen aur george bernard shau key kaam kii or aakarshit theen, lekin unhone khud koo unake kaam taka seemit naheen rakhaa. haalaanki unhone alag-alag utpaadan moolyon key saath show mein abhinay kiya, lekin jaba unaki kalaa key naitik nihitarth kii baat aatee haye tou shau pasand karane yogya thaa. unhone aksar nariwadi mansikta key saath apani bhoomikaon koo chunaa kyonki usa samay adhikansh naatak purushon dwara banaae gaye they aur mahilaaon koo sahee dhang seey chitrit naheen kiya thaa. jaba "shrimati" mein ack bhaag kii peshkash kii jaati haye. usane ise yeh daavaa karate hue thukra diyaa kii" yeh garibi key saath santushti aur tyag karna sikhaata haye."abhinay key prati unakaa samarpan preranadayak thaa. jaba ack udghaatan karyakram kii poorv sandhya parr unaki maan kaa achaanak nidhan hoe gayaa, taba bhee unhone pradarshan karane parr jore diyaa. durbhagya seey, show key liye sameekshaaen chamak seey cumm theen kyonki vaha uchit roop seey vichalit theen. shau kii aksar bahut spasht tareeke seey abhinay karane key liye aalochana kii jaati thee, arthaat unaki adhik jokhim bharee bhoomikaon key roop mein atyadhik makeup pahanane key liye. saubhagya seey, anya show koo adhik safalata millie. unhone jee key sheershak charitra kii utpatti kii.bee. shau kii "shrimati. vaaran kaa pesha "aur unake jeevan mein kaee baar bhoomika koo punarjeevit kiya, harr baar prashansa sameekshaon key liye. shrimati mein shau kii bhoomika. vaaran kaa pesha naatak mein ack vishisht drishya mein unake abhinay key avaanchhaniya tareeke key liye bahut vivadaspad thaa. vibhinn alochakon ney kahaa kii unake charitra ney usa samay key pradarshan mein samajik roop seey sweekarya honey kii tulanaa mein bahut cumm darje key swar mein baat kii.
atyant vivadaspad "bhoot" shau key liye ack aur carrier maark bhoomika thee, jisamen iska pahala angreji pradarshan 1894 mein huaa thaa. naatak, jise shau ney ack americi daure parr liya thaa, koo jyaadaatar akrosh aur aalochanatmak pratikriya millie. iss pratikriya key bavjood, shau ney daure key baad vibhinn natakon kaa safaltapurvak nirmaan kiya.
natakkar.
apane jivankal mein, shau ney "tote key pinjare" sahit kaee vyangyapurna kritiyon koo likhaa aur nirdeshit kiya. yeh naatak ack tote key pinjare key bheetar sthaapit kiya gayaa haye jahan kaee mool maadaa tote rahati hain. vahaan mukt-aatma tote hain joe pinjare aur philistini, aadarshvaadi, tarkvaadi, tarkvaadi aur dhaarmik tote seey mukt honah chaahte hain joe mukt-aatma tote kii ichchhaon kaa virodh karate hain. ack aadami kii aavaaz usa guru koo nirdisht karati haye joe kabhi-kabhi tote koo yeh bataane key liye aataa haye kii way kitane sunder hain aur unhein yaad dilaata haye kii "paali kii jagah pinjare mein haye."karyakram key anta taka, mukt totaa bhaag jaataa haye aur anya tote koo" meraa anusaran karane "kaa nirdesh detaa haye!"iss chatur vyangya key madhyam seey, shau mahilaaon seey apane gharelu pinjaron seey mukt honey kaa aagrah kartaa haye.
matadhikar.
shau kaa maanana thaa kii pratyek ling koo dusare koo samajhane kii aavashyakta haye aur "vaha purushon key saath seedhi pratispardha mein adhik mahilaaon koo safaltapurvak peshevar kshetra mein pravesh karate hue dekhana chaahati thee" taaki platonic sambandh banaae jaa sakein. shau ney purushon aur mahilaaon key beach gair-yaun sambandhon kii vakaalat kii, aur isamen samaantaa kaa janm hoga. isase pahale kii purush matadhikar key saath juda sakein, shaa koo iss "jimmedaari kii naee bhavna" koo dekhane key liye mahilaaon kii aavashyakta thee, kyonki kaee mahilaaen theen jinake liye raajneetik samaantaa kii avadharana apane aap mein 'ack gyaan' thee.
gamat club.
1917 mein, shau ney apani ack gair-naatya pariyojana, gamat club key liye dhana jutaane key liye "bhooton" koo punarjeevit kiya. yeh sargam club jeevan key harr kshetra kii mahilaaon key liye ack saath rahane aur ack dusare key saath duniya kaa anubhav karane aur baat karane key liye thaa. shau ney "vibhinn kshetron kii peshevar mahilaaon koo aramdayak parivesh key barabar pradaan karane kii mahatvakanksha key saath sargam club banaaya, jiska peshevar purushon ney dashakon seey anand liya thaa. 1908 mein daure key dauran unhein prerit kiya gayaa thaa, jaba unhein loss angils mein ack purush club kii maanad sadasyata dee gaee thee jise gamat club kahaa jaataa haye. shau kaa uddeshya apane swayam key club mein sadasyata key bakaaya koo itna cumm rakhna thaa kii peshevar mahilaaon koo mamuli sadhanon seey samaayojit kiya jaa sakey. vaha club kii adhyaksh chuni gaeen aur apani mrityu taka salana phir seey chuni gaeen. halanki mool roop seey ack asthaayi sthaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin usane purushon key club jaisi suvidha banaane kaa sapana dekhaah ack aavaasiya clubhouse jisamen ack munch, padhane key kamare aur yahaan taka kii ack pool bhee hoga.
club ney yuddh key dauran kaee prayaas kiye jaise kii ack cantene key roop mein sevaayen pradaan karna aur sainikon key liye chhote kaary karna. aisaa karane vaalaa yeh pahala mahila club thaa. aaney vaale pratham vishva yuddh key parinamswarup bahut virodh pradarshan huaa. ack udaaharan hajaaron karyakarta hain jinhen shau ack mook "shaanti pared" key liye ikattha kiya gayaa thaa joe yuddh kaa virodh karate hue newyork shahar mein hui thee.
parivaar.
shau ney 1879 mein heinry leach seey shaadi kii aur dhaaee saal baad unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unake saath vaha broadway abhineta arther shau (1881-1946) kii maan theen. unhone doosari baar francisi abhineta aim. 1885 mein brissack.