
bairan munchausen

bairan munchausen (;) ack kaalpanik german kuleen vyakti haye jise german lekhak rudolf erich raspe ney apani 1785 kii pustak "bairan munchausen kii roose mein apani adbhut yaatraon aur abhiyaanon kii kathaa" mein banaaya thaa. yeh charitra kuchh hudd taka bairan hyronmous carle friedrich, freeher wonn munchausen parr adharit haye.
bodenwarder, hanover mein janme, vaastavik jeevan key munchausen ney russie samrajya key liye ladaai ladee, joe kii russo-turkey yuddh key dauran huaa thaa. 1760 mein sevaanivritt honey key baad, vaha apane sainya currier key aadhar parr apmaanjanak lambi kahaaniyon koo bataane key liye german kuleen halakon key bheetar ack mamuli celebrity bunn gaye. munchausen kii kuchh kahaaniyon koo sunane key baad, raspe ney unhein gumnam roop seey saahityik roop mein rupaantarit kiya, pahale german mein alpakaalik patrika key roop mein aur phir angreji mein 1785 kii pustak key roop mein, jise pahali baar oxford mein smith naamak ack pustak vikreta dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. iss pustak kaa jald hii anya europeeya bhaashaon mein anuvaad kiya gayaa, jisamen kavi gottfried august berger dwara vistaarit ack german sanskaran bhee shamil haye. vaastavik jeevan mein munchausen apane naam vaale ack kaalpanik charitra key vikas seey bahut pareshan thaa, aur usane pustak key prakaashak key khilaf kanuni kaaryavaahi kii dhamki dee. shayed manhani key mukadame key darr seey, raspe ney kabhi bhee iss kaam key apane lekhakatva koo sweekaar naheen kiya, joe kewal maranoparant sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
kaalpanik bairan key karnamon, joe pahale vyakti mein varnit hain, ack khilaadi, sanic aur yatri key roop mein unaki asambhav uplabdhiyon parr dhyaan kendrit karate hain; udaaharan key liyeh tope key gole parr sawari karna, chaalees phut key magarmachcha seey ladanaa aur chandrama kii yatra karna. jaanboojhkar hasyapurna, kahaaniyan munchausen key daavon kii betuki aur asangatata parr khelati hain, aur isamen samajik vyangya kaa ack antarnihit pravaah hotaa haye. charitra key shuruati chitra, shayed khud raspe dwara banaae gaye, munchausan koo patale aur yuva key roop mein chitrit karate hain, halanki baad key chitrakaron ney unhein ack badey aadami key roop mein chitrit kiya haye, aur tej naak aur ghumaavdaar moonchhen jodee hain joe charitra key nishchit drishya pratinidhitva kaa hissa bunn gaee hain. raspe kii pustak ack pramukh antarrashtriya safalata thee, joe kaee angreji, mahadvipiya europeeya aur americi sanskaranon key liye mukhya paath bunn gaee, jinka vistaar aur punarlekhan anya lekhakon dwara kiya gayaa thaa. yeh pustak apane vibhinn sanshodhit roopon mein 19veen shatabdi mein vyaapak roop seey padhee gaee, vishesh roop seey yuva pathakon key liye sanskaranon mein.
kaalpanik bairan key sanskaran munch, screen, radio aur television key saath-saath anya saahityik karyon mein bhee dikhaai diye hain. halanki bairan munchausan kii kahaaniyan abb kaee angreji bolane vaale deshon mein achchi tarah seey gyaat naheen hain, way abhee bhee mahadvipiya europe mein lokpriya hain. iss charitra ney kaee smarakon aur sangrahalayon koo prerit kiya haye, aur kaee chikitsa sthitiyon aur anya avadhaaranaon kaa naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye.
aitihaasik vyakti.
hyronmous carle friedrich wonn munchausen kaa janm 11 maee 1720 koo bodenwarder, hanovar mein huaa thaa. unakaa janm brunswick-loonberg key ack kuleen parivaar, rintellan-bodenwarder kii "black line" mein huaa thaa. unake chachere bhaai, gerlach adolph wonn munchausen, gottingen vishvavidyalaya key sansthapakon mein seey ack they aur unhone hanovarian pradhaan mantri key roop mein kaary kiya. ack chhoti umr mein, munchausen ney brunswick key duke anthany ulrich key shaahi darbar mein ack prishth key roop mein kaary kiya, russie samrajya key duke key baad, 1737-1739 key russie-turkey yuddh key dauran. 1739 mein, unhein brunswick quirasiers, ack shaahi russie senaa ghudsavaar resiment mein ack cornet key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 27 navambar 1740 koo, munchausen koo leftinent key pada parr padonnat kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki vaha reega mein tainaat thaa, munchausen ney 1740 aur 1741 mein ottoman samrajya key khilaf dou sainya abhiyaanon mein bhaag liya. 1744 mein, unhone jacobin wonn duntain seey shaadi kii, aur chhah saal baad munchausen koo phir seey "rotmister" key pada parr padonnat kiya gayaa.
1760 mein, vaha sevaanivritt hoe gaye aur 1797 mein apani mrityu taka vahaan rahane key liye bodenwarder mein apani sampattiyon mein buss gaye, yeh unake jeevan kii iss avadhi key dauran thaa, vishesh roop seey ratribhoj mein way sthaaniya abhijaat varg key liye mejbani karate they, kii munchausen ney ack kalpanashil kathakar key roop mein pratishtha vikasit kii, jisase roose mein apane sainya currier key baare mein majakia aur atyadhik atiranjit vivaran banaae gaye. aaney vaale dashakon mein, unaki kahani kahane kii kshamataon ney itani prasiddhi praapt kii kii unhein aksar unaki kahaaniyon koo sunane key ichchuk yatra karane vaale raeeson seey mulaakaaten milati raheen. ack atithi ney munchausen koo apani kahaaniyon koo "vaastav mein sainya jore key saath, phir bhee duniya key aadami kii sanak koo koee riyayat diye binaa, ghudsavaar tareeke seey, aur apane romanch koo aisee ghatnaaon key roop mein varnit kiya joe ghatnaaon key praakritik pathyakram mein theen. haalaanki, ack jhoothaa maane jaane key bajaay, munchausen koo ack imandar vyakti key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa. jaisa kii ack anya samkaaleen ney kahaa, munchausen key avishvasaniya aakhyanon koo dhokha dene key liye naheen, balki "adbhut key liye swabhaav kaa upahaas karane key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, jise unhone apane kuchh parichiton mein dekhaa thaa.
wonn duntain kii mrityu 1790 mein hui. janwari 1794 mein, munchausen ney bernardine wonn brun seey shaadi kii, joe ack mahila thee joe usase sattavan saal chhoti thee. wonn brun kathit taur parr shaadi key turant baad beemar hoe gaye aur 1794 kii garmiyon koo kharaab piremont key spaa shahar mein bitaaya, halanki samkaaleen gupshup ney daavaa kiya kii unhone apana samay vahaan nritya aur flirt karate hue bitaaya. unhone apani grishmakaaleen yatra key nau maheene baad 16 farwari 1795 koo ack betty, maria vilhemina koo janm diyaa. munchausen ney ack aadhikarik shikayat darj karaai kii bachcha uska naheen thaa, aur apane jeevan key antim varsh talaak kii kaaryavaahi aur gujara bhatta mukadame mein bitaaye. munchausen kii 22 farwari 1797 koo nihsantaan mrityu hoe gaee.
kaalpanik.
kaalpanik charitra ack german lekhak, vaigyaanik aur thhag kalakar, rudolf erich raspe dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. raspe shayed gottingen vishvavidyalaya mein adhyayan karate samay padanukram wonn munchausen seey mille they, aur hoe sakata haye kii unhein bodenwarder mein haveli mein unake saath bhojan karane key liye aamantrit kiya gayaa hoe. raspe key baad key currier mein chori aur dhokhadhadi key saath mishrit lekhan aur vaigyaanik chhatravritti; jaba german pulis ney 1775 mein unaki giraftari key liye vigyaapan jaari kiye, tou vaha mahadvipiya europe seey bhaag gaye aur ingland mein buss gaye.
apani mool german bhasha mein, raspe ney munchhossen kii kahaaniyon seey prerit upakhyanon kaa ack sangrah likhaa, jisamen sangrah koo "aim-aich-aiss-enshey geshichten" ("aim-aich-aiss-aine kahaaniyan") kahaa gayaa. yeh spasht naheen haye kii raspe kii samagri kitni seedhe bairan seey aatee haye, lekin adhikansh kahaaniyan puraane sroton seey lii gaee hain, jinamen heinrich bebel kaa "facetti" (1508) aur saimuel kaa "delisi lenge" (1765) shamil hain. "aim-aich-aiss-enshey geshichten" 1781 mein ack berlin haasya patrika "" vaade mekam farr lusties lute "" ("" majaak-premi logon key liye pustika ") key aathven ank mein ack visheshta key roop mein dikhaai diyaa. raspe ney 1783 mein usee patrika key dasaven ank mein ack seekwal" "noch zwei aim-luzen" "(" dou aur aim-fibes ") prakaashit kiya. inn kahaaniyon key naayak aur kathakar kii pehchaan kewal" "aim-aich-aiss-aine" "key roop mein kii gaee thee, jabaki raspe kii prerana koo aanshik roop seey aspasht rakhate hue abhee bhee jaankaar german pathakon koo munchausen seey sambandh banaane kii anumati dee gaee thee. raspe kaa naam bilkul bhee dikhaai naheen diyaa.
1785 mein, cornwall mein dolkoth mein khadanon kii nigrani karate hue, raspe ney "vede meekam" upakhyanon koo ack chhoti angreji bhasha kii pustak mein rupaantarit kiya, iss baar pustak key kathakar kii pehchaan "bairan munchausen" key roop mein kii. munchausen seey "munchausen" key angrezeekaran key alawa, iss baar raspe ney usa vyakti kii pehchaan chhipaane kaa koee prayaas naheen kiya jisane usey prerit kiya thaa, halanki usane abhee bhee apana naam chhipa rakhaa thaa.
iss angreji sanskaran, paath kaa pahala sanskaran jisamen munchausen ack poori tarah seey vikasit saahityik charitra key roop mein dikhaai diyaa, kaa ack paripath prakaashan itihas thaa. yeh pahali baar gumnam roop seey "roose mein apani adbhut yaatraon aur abhiyaanon key baare mein bairan munchausen kii kathaa" key roop mein dikhaai diyaa, 12moe aakar mein ack 49-prishth kii pustak, jise pustak vikreta smith dwara 1785 key anta mein oxford mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa aur ack shilling key liye becha gayaa thaa. agale varsh kii shuruat mein jaari kiya gayaa doosara sanskaran, jiska sheershak "ekal yaatraaen, abhiyaan, yaatraaen, aur bairan munnikhusan key khel romanch, jise aamtaur parr munchausan kahaa jaataa haye", ney paanch aur kahaaniyon aur chaar chitron koo jodaa; halanki pustak abhee bhee gumnam thee, nayaa paath shayed raspe dwara thaa, aur chitra bhee unakaa kaam hoe sakate hain.
maee 1786 taka, raspe kaa abb pustak parr niyantran naheen thaa, jise ack alag prakaashak dwara leey liya gayaa thaa. kearsley. mool sanskaranon kii tulanaa mein uchch shreni key darshakon key liye pustak kaa irada rakhate hue, caresley ney naee kahaaniyon, baarah naee nakkashi aur raspe key gadya key bahut saare punarlekhan sahit anya haathon seey vyaapak parivardhan aur sanshodhan kiye. yeh teesara sanskaran dou shilling parr becha gayaa thaa, mool kii doguni keemat parr, "gulliver punarjeevit, yaa ekal yatra, abhiyaan, yaatraaen, aur bairan munikhusan key romanch, jinhen aamtaur parr munchaun kahaa jaataa haye.
caresley kaa sanskaran ack ullekhaniya lokpriya safalata thee. agale kuchh varshon mein, prakaashan gharaane ney twarit anukram mein aage key sanskaran jaari kiye, jisamen raaste mein aur adhik gair-rasp samagri jodee gaee; yahaan taka kii poori lambai kii "bairan munchausan key romanch kii agali kadee", phir seey rasp dwara naheen aur mool roop seey 1792 mein ack pratidvandi printer dwara prakaashit, jaldi seey kahaaniyon key mukhya bhaag mein shamil curr lii gaee. sanshodhan kii prakriya mein, raspe kii gadya shally koo bahut adhik sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa; unaki vartalap bhasha aur vakyansh key khilaadi jaise modd key bajaay, caresley key lekhakon ney ack naram aur adhik aupchaarik swar kaa vikalp chunaa joe auguston gadya kaa anukaran kartaa haye. adhikansh agami angreji-bhasha sanskaran, jinamen 1895 aur aff mein thomas secombe dwara nirmit pramukh sanskaran bhee shamil hain. jey. 1930 mein harvey darton ney raspe key mool paath key bajaay punarlikhit caresley sanskaranon mein seey ack koo punah prastut kiya.
1794 mein raspe kii mrityu seey pahale pustak key cumm seey cumm duss sanskaran yaa anuvaad prakaashit hue. 1786 mein pustak key francisi, spanish aur german mein anuvaad prakaashit hue. paath 1805 mein sanyukt raajya america mein pahuncha, ack anaam sanghiya lekhak, shayed thomas green faceden dwara americi saamyik vyangya koo shamil karane key liye vistaarit kiya gayaa.
pahala german anuvaad, "wonderbare reezen zuu vasesar unda laind", german romantic kavi gottfried august berger dwara banaaya gayaa thaa. berger kaa paath smith key dusare sanskaran kaa ack karibi anuvaad haye, lekin isamen ack antarveshtit kahani bhee shamil haye, joe ack german kinvadanti parr adharit haye jise "chhah adbhut sevak" kahaa jaataa haye. antarveshtit samagri koo spasht karane key liye dou naee nakkashi jodee gaee. kahaaniyon kaa german sanskaran angreji kii tulanaa mein aur bhee adhik lokpriya saabit huaa. 1788 mein ack dusare german sanskaran mein ack vistaarit kearsley sanskaran seey bhaari parivartit samagri shamil thee, aur ack mool german seekwal, "naktreg zuu daine wonderburren reezen zuu vasar unda laind", 1789 mein prakaashit hui thee. inn prakashanon key baad, raspe paath key angreji aur mahadvipiya sanskaran shamil samagri kii teji seey alag paramparaon kaa paalan karate hue, alag hotey rahey.
raspe, shayed vaastavik jeevan key bairan wonn munchausen seey ack manhani key mukadame key darr seey, kabhi bhee pustak key apane lekhak koo sweekaar naheen kiya. aksar iska shreya berger koo diyaa jaataa thaa, kabhi-kabhi ack afwah key saath kii vaastavik jeevan key bairan wonn munchausen ney pirmont mein berger seey mulakat kii thee aur poore kaam koo unhein nirdeshit kiya thaa. ack aur afwah, joe german anuvaad key prakaashit honey key turant baad vyaapak roop seey prasaarit hui, ney daavaa kiya kii yeh gottingen vidvaanon key teen vishvavidyalayon-berger, abraham gothelf castner aur george christophe lichtenberg-dwara ack pratispardhi sahyog thaa-jisamen seey pratyek teen sabse avishvasaniya kahani likhakar ack dusare koo pachhaadane kii koshish curr rahey they. vidwan johann jorg meusel ney mool paath key liye raspe koo sahee shreya diyaa, lekin galati seey daavaa kiya kii raspe ney ise german mein likhaa thaa aur ack anaam anuvaadak angreji sanskaran key liye jimmedaar thaa. raspe key lekhakatva koo antatah 1824 mein berger key jeevanikaar carle reinhard dwara saabit kiya gayaa thaa.
prakaashan key baad pahale kuchh varshon mein, german pathakon ney vyaapak roop seey maanaa kii vaastavik jeevan key bairan wonn munchausen kahaaniyon key liye jimmedaar they. gavaahon key anusaar, munchausen koo gahara gussa thaa kii pustak ney unakaa naam saarvajanik chetna mein ghasita thaa aur ack kuleen vyakti key roop mein unake sammaan kaa upman kiya thaa. munchausen ack alag vyakti bunn gayaa, jisane partiyon kii mejbani karane yaa koee aur kahani bataane seey incar curr diyaa, aur usane berger aur anuvaad key prakaashak key khilaf kanuni kaaryavaahi karane kaa prayaas kiya.
prakaashan kaa itihas.
nimnalikhit taalikaaen 1785 seey 1800 taka key raspe key paath key praarambhik prakaashan itihas koo sankshep mein prastut karati hain. jaba taka kii anyatha sandarbhit naheen kiya jaataa haye, taba taka taalikaon mein jaankaari johnn patrick carswell dwara sthaapit munchausan granth soochi seey aatee haye.
kaalpanik charitra.
kaalpanik bairan munchausen ack bahadur sanic haye, jise usake hasyapurna roop seey atiranjit apane swayam key romanch key baare mein daavaa karane seey sabse adhik paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye. raspe kii pustak mein sabhi kahaaniyon koo pratham-vyakti kathaa mein bataaya gayaa haye, jisamen ack poorvasoochak nott haye jisamen bataaya gayaa haye kii "bairan koo inn asadharan romanch koo apani bottle parr, jaba usake doston seey ghiraa huaa hotaa haye, tou bataane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. bairan kii kahaaniyon seey pataa chalata haye kii vaha ack atimaanav vyakti haye joe apana adhikansh samay yaa tou betuki durdashaon seey baahar nikalane yaa saumya shararat key samaan betuke kshanon mein lipt honey mein bitaata haye. apani kuchh sabse prasiddh kahaaniyon mein, bairan ack tope key gole kii sawari kartaa haye, chandrama kii yatra kartaa haye, bhoomadhya sagar mein ack vishal machhali dwara nigal liya jaataa haye, apane baalon koo oopar kheenchkar khud koo doobane seey bachaata haye, chaalees phut key magarmachcha seey ladataa haye, ack bhediye koo apani sleegh kheenchane key liye jodata haye, aur jaba janwar koo galati seey dou mein kaataa jaataa haye tou apane ghode koo thheek karane key liye laurel pedh kii shaakhaon kaa upayog kartaa haye.
joe kahaaniyan way bataate hain, unamen bairan koo ack shaant, tarksangat vyakti key roop mein dikhaaya gayaa haye, joe saral vastunishthata key saath anubhav kartaa haye; betuki ghatanaaen usase sabse adhik, halke ashcharya seey nikalati hain, aur vaha kissy bhee apratyaashit ghatana key baare mein gambhir sandeh dikhaata haye jise usane khud naheen dekhaa haye. parinami kathaa prabhaav ack vidambanapurna swar haye, joe paathak mein sandeh koo protsaahit kartaa haye aur sookshm samajik vyangya key chala rahey pravaah dwara chihnit hotaa haye. shikaar aur ladaai key dauran apani nirbheekta key alawa, unhein ack moorkh, vinamra sajjan honey kaa sujhaav diyaa jaataa haye, joe veerata key kshanon key liye diyaa jaataa haye, gyaan key liye ack vidwan pravritti key saath, apani kahaaniyon mein vivaran key baare mein padentic roop seey sateek honey kii pravritti, aur sabhi prakaar key bhojan aur peya key liye gahari sarahana. bairan apane aakhyanon key liye ack thhos bhaugolik aur samajik sandarbh bhee pradaan kartaa haye, unhein haal kii ghatnaaon key baare mein saamyik sanketon aur vyangya key saath pesh kartaa haye; vaastav mein, raspe key mool paath mein kaee sandarbh vaastavik jeevan kii aitihaasik ghatnaaon key hain.
kyonki bairan dwara varnit karnamon koo spasht roop seey avishvasaniya maanaa jaataa haye, way aasaani seey kalpana key roop mein pehchaane jaa sakate hain, ack majboot nihitarth key saath kii bairan ack jhoothaa haye. kyaa vaha apane darshakon seey yeh ummeed kartaa haye kii vaha usa parr vishvaas karein kii vaha sanskaran seey sanskaran mein bhinn hotaa haye; raspe key mool 1785 paath mein, vaha binaa aage kii tippani key apani kahaaniyon kaa varnan kartaa haye, lekin baad key vistaarit sanskaranon mein vaha iss baat parr jore dey rhaa haye kii vaha sach bataa rhaa haye. kissy bhee mamle mein, bairan apani kahaaniyon key harr shabd parr vishvaas kartaa prateet hotaa haye, chaahe way aantarik roop seey kitane bhee asangat kyon naa houn, aur vaha aamtaur parr dusaron mein honey vaale kissy bhee avishvaas key prati sahishnu roop seey udaseen dikhaai detaa haye.
bairan kahaaniyon key chitrakaron mein thomas rolandson, alfred croquill, george crookshank, ernst ludwig repenhausen, theoder hoseman, adolph schroeder, gustave dorre, villium streng, doubleu shamil hain. heath robbinson aur ronald searl. finish-americi cartoonist clouse nordling ney 1935 seey 1937 taka ack saptahik "bairan munchausen" comic strip mein bairan koo chitrit kiya, aur 1962 mein, raspe key paath koo "classics sachitra" #146 (british shrinkhala) key liye anukoolit kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen british cartoonist dennis gifford dwara aantarik aur aavaran kalaa donon they.
pahale prakaashit chitron mein, joe shayed khud raspe dwara banaae gaye houn, bairan dubla aur jawan dikhaai detaa haye. 1792 mein "bairan munchausen key romanch kii agali kadee" key liye, ack anaam kalakar ney bairan koo ack garimapurna lekin thake hue boodhe sanic key roop mein aakarshit kiya, jiska chehra usake romanch seey choton seey prabhaavit haye; yeh chitran lagbhag sattar varshon taka bairan kaa maanak chitra banaa rhaa, aur isaki chhavi charitra key crookshank key chitran mein pratidhwanit hui. 1862 mein ack theophile gautier "phil" anuvaad koo chitrit karate hue, dorre ney 1792 key chitra seey teji seey nukili naak aur ghumaavdaar moonchh koo banaae rakhaa, lekin bairan koo ack swasth aur adhik milansar roop diyaa; dorre bairan charitra key liye nishchit drishya pratinidhitva bunn gayaa.
vaastavik aur kaalpanik bairanon key beach sambandh jatil haye. ack or, kaalpanik bairan munchausen koo aasaani seey aitihaasik vyakti padanukram wonn munchausen seey alag kiya jaa sakata haye; charitra unake naam seey itna alag haye kii cumm seey cumm ack aalochak, lekhak doubleu. ell. george ney nishkarsh nikala kii naam kii pehchaan samanya paathak key liye aprasangik thee, aur richard asher ney angrejeekrit vartani kaa upayog karke munchausan syndrome naam diyaa taaki vikaar vaastavik vyakti key bajaay charitra kaa sandarbh dey sakey. doosari or, munchausen usa charitra seey dridhata seey judey hue hain jise unhone prerit kiya thaa, aur abhee bhee german mein "lugenbaron" ("jhooth kaa bairan") upnaam diyaa jaataa haye. jaisa kii munchausen shodhkarta bernhard vibel ney kahaa haye, "yeye donon bairan samaan hain aur way samaan naheen hain."
aalochanatmak aur lokpriya swaagat.
disambar 1785 mein raspe kii pustak key pahale sanskaran kii sameeksha karate hue, "aalochanatmak sameeksha" mein ack lekhak ney sarahanapurna tippani keeh
lagbhag usee samay, "angreji sameeksha" cumm anumodan karane vaali theeh "humm yeh naheen samajhate kii jhooth key sangrah koo jhooth parr vyangya kaise kahaa jaa sakata haye, anand kii mahila key romanch seey adhik vyabhichaar parr vyangya kahaa jaa sakata haye."
doubleu. ell. george ney kaalpanik bairan koo saahitya key ack "haasya diggaj" key roop mein varnit kiya, unake ghamand koo "jeevan key anand seey paida hue shandar, uddeshyaheen jhooth [oun]" key roop mein varnit kiya. theophile gautier "fills" ney iss baat parr prakaash daala kii bairan key romanch ack "betuka tark key saath sampann hain joe charam parr dhakel diyaa jaataa haye aur joe kuchh bhee naheen seey peechhe hutt jaataa haye. ack sakshatkar key anusaar, jools verne ney ack bachche key roop mein bairan kahaaniyon koo padhane kaa anand liya, aur unhein apane saahasik upanyason key liye prerana key roop mein istemal kiya. thomas secombe ney tippani kii kii "munchausen ney nissandeh [saahitya mein ack sthaayi sthaan] hassil kiya haye... bairan kii kukhyaati saarvbhaumik haye, usake charitra kii kahawat haye, aur uska naam shree key roop mein parichit haye. lemuel gulliver, yaa robbinson cruso."
steven tii. byington ney likhaa kii "classic saahitya key valhala mein munchausan kii mamuli seat nirvivaad haye", kahaaniyon kii tulanaa americi lambi kahaaniyon seey karate hue aur nishkarsh nikaalate hue kii bairan "pitrisatta, sahee model, bejod sugandhit phool, sateekta seey swatantrata" haye. lokkatha lekhak alwyn schwartz ney bairan kahaaniyon koo americi lambi kahani parampara parr sabse mahatvapurna prabhaavon mein seey ack key roop mein uddhrit kiya. bairan key 2012 key ack adhyayan mein, saahityik vidwan saaraa tindle kareem ney nott kiya kii "manchausen, betuki baaton kii apani deadpan prastuti mein, kalpanikta kii naveenata [aur] saundarya bhram kii parishkaar", yeh jodate hue kii caresley aur anya logon dwara banaae gaye raspe key paath mein jode gaye inn vyangyaatmak saahityik gunon koo iss baat parr jore dekar chhipaate hain kii bairan jhooth boll rhaa haye.
19veen shatabdi kii shuruat taka, caresley kii raspe kii pustak kaa asadharan roop seey lokpriya sanskaran yuva pathakon key liye sankshipt chapbook sanskaranon mein fail gayaa thaa, joe jald hii kahaaniyon key liye mukhya darshak bunn gaye. yeh pustak, vishesh roop seey bachchon key liye apane anukoolan mein, poori shatabdi mein vyaapak roop seey lokpriya rahee. iska europe mein bolly jaane vaali lagbhag sabhi bhaashaon mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa; robbert sauthe ney ise "ack aisee pustak key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jise harr koee jaanata haye, kyonki sabhi ladke ise padhate hain. baad key ullekhaniya anuvaadon mein gautier kaa french pratipaadan aur corney chukovsky kaa lokpriya russie roopaantaran shamil haye. 1850 key dashak taka, "munchausen" ack kriya key roop mein apshabd key upayog mein aaa gayaa thaa jiska arth haye "asadharan roop seey asatya-aatmakathaatmak kahaaniyan bataana. robbert chambers ney 1863 key panchang mein, alankaarik roop seey poochate hue bairan key pratishthit 1792 key chitran kaa hawala diyaah
halanki raspe kii pustak abb angreji bolane vaalon dwara vyaapak roop seey naheen padhee jaati haye, lekin munchausan kahaaniyan europe mein, vishesh roop seey germany aur roose mein lokpriya hain.
sanskriti mein.
saahitya.
raspe key paath key kaee samvardhit aur anukoolit sanskaranon key saath-saath, kaalpanik bairan kabhi-kabhi anya swatantra karyon mein dikhaai diyaa haye. 1838-39 mein, carle laberact immerman ney charitra koo shraddhanjali key roop mein lambe upanyaas "munchausenah aina gassichte inn arebsken" ("munchausenah aeye histry off arebsk") koo prakaashit kiya, aur adolph ellison kaa "munchausense lugenbenteer", kahaaniyon kaa ack vistrit vistaar, 1846 mein dikhaai diyaa. apane 1886 key daarshanik granth "achche aur burey seey parey" mein, friedrich neetshe ney bairan key ack romanch kaa upayog kiya, jisamen vaha khud koo ack daldal seey bachaata haye, poorna tatvamimansa mukt ichcha mein vishvaas key liye ack roopak key roop mein; neetshe iss vishvaas koo "baalon dwara astitva mein laane kaa prayaas, kuchh bhee naheen key daldal" kaa. ack anya daarshanik, ludwig witzenstein, ack diarry pravishti mein usee saahas kaa ullekh karate hain, jisamen unhone likhaa haye kii "lekin aaie humm apani matribhasha mein baat karein, aur yeh vishvaas naa karein kii hamein apane baalon seey khud koo daldal seey baahar nikaalana chaahiye; yeh thaa-bhagwan kaa dhanyavaad-buss ack sapana, aakhirkaar. kewal bhagwan kii stuti hoe!"
19veen shatabdi key anta mein, johnn kendrick bangs key haasya upanyason "aeye house-boat onn dha stacks", "house-boat kii khoj" aur "mantramugdh type-raitar" mein bairan ack charitra key roop mein dikhaai diyaa. isake kuchh hii samay baad, 1901 mein, bangs ney "shree" prakaashit kiya. munchausen, "naee munchausen kahaaniyon kaa ack sangrah, joe mool kahaaniyon kii shally aur haasya kaa bariki seey anusaran kartaa haye. hyugo gernsback key dusare upanyaas, "bairan munchausen key nae vaigyaanik romanch" ney bairan charitra koo ack vigyaan kathaa setting mein rakhaa; upanyaas koo maee 1915 seey farwari 1917 taka "electrical experimenter" mein dharavahik roop diyaa gayaa thaa.
piyare heinry cammy kaa charitra bairan dee crack, ack francisi sanic aur lui xv key tahat darbari, bairan munchausen kahaaniyon kaa anukaran haye. 1998 mein, british game designer james wallis ney ack bahu-khilaadi kahani kahane kaa khel banaane key liye bairan charitra kaa upayog kiya, "bairan munchausen key asadharan romanch", jisamen khilaadi virodhiyon kii apattiyon aur anya baadhaon parr kaaboo paate hue munchausan jaisi pratham-vyakti kahaaniyon mein sudhaar karate hain. americi lekhak peater david ney 2018 mein bairan koo ack mool laghu kahani, "diago aind dha bairan" sunai thee.
stage aur audio.
saddler key kuein key rangmanch ney 1795 mein landan mein "bairan munchausen; yaa, harlequin kii yatra" kaa nirmaan kiya, jisamen abhineta-gaayak-charicaturist robert dieton ney bairan key roop mein abhinay kiya; raspe paath parr adharit ack aur pentomime, "harlequin munchausen, yaa pyaar kaa fawwara", 1818 mein landan mein nirmit kiya gayaa thaa. herbert eulenberg ney 1900 key naatak, "munchausen" kaa mukhya charitra, bairan koo banaaya, aur abhivyaktivaadi lekhak walter hassencolver ney 1934 mein kahaaniyon koo ack comedy, "munchausen" mein badal diyaa. grigori gorin ney bairan kaa upayog apane 1976 key naatak "bahut hii munchen" key roop mein kiya; 1980 mein ack film kaa sanskaran banaaya gayaa thaa, joe baron key baare mein ack sangeetmay sanskaran thaa. agale varsh, praag key rashtriya black light theatre ney "dha adventures off bairan munchausen" key gair-sangeet utpaadan key saath united kingdam kaa daura kiya.
1932 mein, haasya lekhak billy wells ney haasya abhineta jack pearl aur cliff holl abhineet ack radio comedy dincharya key liye bairan munchausen koo anukoolit kiya. dincharya mein, motee kaa bairan ack motey german uchchaaran mein apane avishvasaniya anubhavon koo holl key "seedhe aadami" charitra, charley seey jodata haye. jaba charley key paas paryaapt thaa aur usane avishvaas vyakt kiya thaa, tou bairan hamesha jawab degaah "tum" tum ", sharley?"yeh pankti ack lokpriya aur bahut uddhrit vakyansh bunn gaee, aur 1933 kii shuruat taka" "jack pearl show" "americi radio parr doosari sabse lokpriya shrinkhala thee (addie cantor key karyakram key baad). motee ney 1933 mein "meat dha bairan" mein apane chitran koo film key liye anukoolit karane kaa prayaas kiya, jisamen ack aadhunik charitra koo galati seey bairan key roop mein nibhaaya gayaa thaa, lekin film safal naheen hui. 1933 aur 1937 key beach motee kii lokpriyata mein dheere-dheere girawat aaee, halanki unhone 1951 mein apani antim radio shrinkhala koo samaapt karane seey pahale kaee baar bairan charitra koo punarjeevit karane kaa prayaas kiya.
1972 key ack seedmon record recording key liye, peater ustinov ney bairan koo aavaaj dee. dha reeding teacher" mein ack sameeksha mein kahaa gayaa haye kii ustinov key chitran ney "aatm-prashansa" key saath "bairan key bahadur vyaktitva" koo ujagar kiya... swargat vyangya mein spasht roop seey spasht haye.
film.
praarambhik francisi film nirmaata georges melius, jinhone baron munchausen kii kahaaniyon kii bahut prashansa kii, 1911 mein "baron munchausen kaa sapana" filmaya. melius kii laghu mook film, jisamen raspe paath key saath bahut cumm samaantaa haye, nashe seey prerit sapanon key ack atiyathaarthvaadi uttaradhikar key madhyam seey ack sou rahey baron kaa anusaran karati haye. melius ney bairan kii chandrama kii yatra kaa upayog 1902 kii apani prasiddh film "aeye trip too dha moone" key liye ack prerana key roop mein bhee kiya hoga. 1930 key dashak key anta mein, unhone daadaa kalakar hains richter key saath bairan kahaaniyon key ack nae film sanskaran parr sahyog karane kii yojana banaai, lekin 1938 mein unaki mrityu key baad pariyojana adhuri reh gaee. richter ney agale varsh ise puuraa karane kaa prayaas kiya, patkatha lekhakon key roop mein jack prevert, jack brunius aur mauris heinry koo liya, lekin dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii shuruat ney utpaadan koo sthaayi roop seey roque diyaa.
francisi animator emil kohal ney 1913 mein sylhoot cutout animation kaa upayog karke kahaaniyon kaa ack sanskaran banaaya; anya animated sanskaranon kaa nirmaan 1920 mein germany mein richard felgenaur dwara kiya gayaa thaa, aur 1929 mein sanyukt raajya america mein paul peroff dwara kiya gayaa thaa. curnell heeja lyer, cinema key itihas mein pahali animated cartoon shrinkhala key naayak, 1913 mein johnn randolf brey dwara bairan aur teddy roozvelt key sanyojan key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa. italvi nirdeshak paolo azurri ney 1914 mein "dha adventures off bairan munchausen" aur british nirdeshak aff. martin thornton ney agale varsh bairan kii visheshta vaali ack laghu mook film banaai, "dha nyu adventures off bairan munchausen". 1940 mein, check nirdeshak martin frick ney "bairan prasil" filmaya, jisamen haasya abhineta vlasta burian ney bairan key 20veen shatabdi key vanshaj key roop mein abhinay kiya.
german film studio yuu key liye.aff.aeye. 1943 mein jee. aim. bee. aich. kii 25veen varshgaanth parr, joseph goebbles ney film nirmaata joseph wonn backie koo "munchausen" kaa nirdeshan karane key liye kaam parr rakhaa, joe bairan key baare mein ack badey bajat kii rangeen film thee. david stevert patwar ney huns albers key bairan koo "majakia lekin kuchh hudd taka bhayaavah" key roop mein varnit kiya haye, jabaki tobias negal likhate hain kii albers "kaarravaai aur testosterone-sanchaalit saahasik kaary key liye ack purush aur maanspeshiyon kaa utsaah" pradaan kartaa haye. ack german sangeetmay comedy, "munchausen inn africa", austriyai gaayak starr peater alekjendar key liye ack vaahan key roop mein banaai gaee, 1957 mein dikhaai dee. karel zeman kii 1961 kii check film "shandar bairan munchausen" ney samkaaleen drishtikon seey bairan key romanch parr tippani kii, jisamen vaigyaanik upalabdhi key liye kavyatmak kalpana key mahatva koo ujagar kiya gayaa; zamain kii shailibaddh "miss-aine-seane", pustak key liye dorre key chitron parr adharit, live-action abhinetaon key saath sanyukt animation, jisamen bairan key roop mein milos kopeki shamil hain.
soviyat sangh mein, 1929 mein, danil chercus ney ack cartoon jaari kiya, "munchausen key romanch". soviyat soyousemultfilm ney 1967 mein anatoli karanovic dwara nirdeshit 16 minut kaa stop-motion animation "adventures off bairan munchausen" jaari kiya. ack anya soviyat animated sanskaran kaa nirmaan 1973 aur 1974 mein laghu filmon kii ack shrinkhala key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, "munchausen key romanch". francisi animator jeane chhavi koo 1979 mein filmaya gayaa thaa, aur isake baad 1984 kii agali kadee, "moone pagalpan" key saath.
oleg yankovsky 1979 kii russie television film "dha verry same munchausen" mein bairan key roop mein dikhaai diye, jiska nirdeshan maark jakharov ney grigori gorin kii patkatha seey kiya thaa, jise mosefilm dwara nirmit aur jaari kiya gayaa thaa. soviyat censorship aur samajik roodhivaadita parr ack vyangyaatmak tippani, film mein ack bahishkrit bairan kii kalpana kii gaee haye joe ack avishvasi aur anuroopata-sanchaalit duniya mein apane romanch kii sachchai koo saabit karane kaa prayaas curr rhaa haye.
1988 mein, terry gillium ney raspay kahaaniyon koo ack bhavya hollywood film, "dha adventures off bairan munchausan" mein rupaantarit kiya, jisamen british munch abhineta aur nirdeshak johnn neville mukhya bhoomika mein they. roser abert ney film kii apani sameeksha mein neville key bairan koo ack aise vyakti key roop mein varnit kiya joe "samajhdaar aur tathya kii baat lagata haye, jaisa kii koee bhee vyakti jeevan bhar avishvasaniya key aadee honey mein bitaata.
german abhineta zaan joseph lifers ney 2012 kii dou bhaag vaali television film "" mein abhinay kiya; ack "spiegel online" sameeksha key anusaar, bairan key unake charitra chitran mein johnny dape key "pirates off dha carribean" film shrinkhala mein jack sparro key roop mein pradarshan seey kaafee milata-julata thaa.
viraasat.
smaarak.
2004 mein, khud koo munchausen key potey-potiyon key naam seey bulaane vaale ack prashansak club kii sthaapana russie shahar kalininagrad (poorv mein conigsburg) mein kii gaee thee. club kii praarambhik gatividhiyon mein kaalpanik bairan kii conigsburg key madhyam seey yatra key "aitihaasik pramaan" kii pehchaan karna shamil thaa, jaise kii ack jackboot joe maanaa jaataa haye kii bairan seey sambandhit haye aur ack shukranu whale kankal jise whale kaa kahaa jaataa haye jisake pett mein bairan funce gayaa thaa.
18 juuna 2005 koo, kalininagrad kii 750veen varshgaanth manaane key liye, bairan key ack smaarak kaa anaavaran bodenwarder seey upahaar key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen bairan kii tope kii sawari koo chitrit kiya gayaa thaa. bodenwarder apane town holl key saamane ack munchausen smaarak key saath-saath ack munchausen sangrahalaya bhee khelata haye, jisamen kahaaniyon key sachitra sanskaranon kaa ack badaa sangrah bhee shamil haye. ack aur munchausen sangrahalaya ("minhaujena muzez") duntus muiza, leepup parrish, latvia mein maujood haye, joe vaastavik bairan kii pahali patni kaa ghar haye; dampati chhah saal taka shahar mein rahey they, isase pahale kii way hanovar mein baronell estate mein vaapas chaley gaye. 2005 mein, vaastavik jeevan key bairan key 285vein janmadin koo chihnit karane key liye, rashtriya baink off latvia ney ack smaarak chaandi kaa sikka jaari kiya.
namkaran.
1951 mein, british chikitsak richard asher ney "dha lancet" mein ack lekh prakaashit kiya jisamen una rogiyon kaa varnan kiya gayaa thaa jinake tathyaatmak vikaaron ney unhein apane swaasthya kii sthiti key baare mein jhooth bolane key liye prerit kiya thaa. asher ney iss vikaar koo "munchausen syndrome" kahane kaa prastaav rakhaa, tippani karate hueh "prasiddh bairan wonn munchausen kii tarah, prabhaavit vyaktiyon ney hamesha vyaapak roop seey yatra kii haye; aur unaki kahaaniyan, unake liye jimmedaar logon kii tarah, naatakiya aur asatya donon hain. tadnusar, syndrome sammaanpurvak bairan koo samarpit haye, aur uska naam usake naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye. iss bimari koo abb aamtaur parr munchausen syndrome key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. naam ney dou anya sikkon koo janm diyaa haih proxy dwara munchausen syndrome, jisamen bimari rogiyon key bajaay dekhbhal karane vaalon dwara kii jaati haye, aur internet dwara munchausen, jisamen bimari online kii jaati haye.
1968 mein, huns albert ney parisar seey nishkarsh nikaalane mein nihit daarshanik samasya kaa varnan karane key liye munchausen trilema shabd gadhaa; una parisaron koo abhee bhee anya parisaron seey praapt kiya jaanaa chaahiye, aur isi tarah hamesha key liye, joe kewal golakar tark yaa hathdharmita dwara ack anant pratigaman baadhit karane kii or leey jaataa haye. samasya kaa naam isi tarah kii virodhabhasi kahani key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye jisamen bairan apane baalon koo kheenchkar khud koo daldal mein doobane seey bachaata haye. isi kahani ney ganitiya shabd munchausan sankhya koo bhee prerit kiya, jise daan vaine berkel ney 2009 mein una sankhyaon kaa varnan karane key liye gadhaa thaa, jinake ankon koo, jaba unaki apani shaktiyon mein uthaaya jaataa haye, tou sankhya koo banaane key liye ack saath jodaa jaa sakata haye (udaaharan key liye, 3435 = 33 + 44 + 33 + 55).
lokkathaon key ack maanak soochkaank, arne-thompson-oothar vargeekaran pranali key upavarg aeye. tii. yuu.1889 koo kahaaniyon koo shraddhanjali mein "munchausen kathaaen" naam diyaa gayaa thaa.
 1994 mein, ack mukhya belt kshudragrah kaa naam vaastavik aur kaalpanik bairan donon key sammaan mein 14014 munchausen rakhaa gayaa thaa.

