shootzstafel kii vardi aur prateek chinh

shutzstaffel" (ss) kii vardi aur prateek chinh ney 1925 aur 1945 key beach apane naazi ardhsainik rankon koo "wehermacht" (1935 seey german sashastr bull), german raajya aur naazi party key rankon seey alag karane kaa kaam kiya.
ack samaan design aur kaary.
jabaki samay key saath ss key liye alag-alag vardi maujood thee, 1932 mein apnai gaee sabhi kaali ss vardi sabse prasiddh haye. kaalaa-safed-laal rung yojana german samrajya kii visheshta thee, aur baad mein naazi party dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, kaalaa fasiwadi andolanon mein lokpriya thaah aiss. aiss. key nirmaan seey pahale itali mein blackshirt dwara ack kaali vardi pesh kii gaee thee. ack paaramparik kaaran bhee thaah jaise russie raajaon aur samraton key jeevan rakshak ghudsavaar ("libhusaren") ney khopadi aur crossbones baij key saath kaali vardi pahani thee, vaise hii "furer" kii angarakshak ikai bhee pahani thee. inn ss vardi koo pariyojana pradhikaran aur bhaya koo badhaava dene key liye taiyar kiya gayaa thaa. yuddh key dauran, german kapadon kaa karkhana joe antatah antarrashtriya purush paridhan powerhouse hyugo boss bunn gayaa, hajaaron ss aur anya vardi kaa utpaadan kartaa thaa.
ack baar yuddh shuru honey key baad, kaali vardi shayed hii kabhi pahani jaati thee. ss-worfugangstruppe (ss-private)" aur baad kii "waffen-ss" kii yuddh ikaaiyon ney ss prateek chihn key saath feeled-gray (gray-green) ("feldgrou") senaa kii vardi kaa ack sanskaran pahana thaa. adhikansh ss karmiyon ney "waffen-ss" vardi yaa gray-green ss service tunic kaa ack sanskaran pahana thaa. una karmiyon vaali shaakhaaen joe aam taur parr reech mein nagrik poshak pahanati theen (jaise kii gestapo aur kripo) koo kabje vaale kshetra mein gray-green ss vardi jaari kii gaee thee taaki nagrikon key liye galati seey bachane seey bachaa jaa sakey.
ss vardi mein vibhinn prakaar key prateek chinhon kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa, jinamen seey sabse maanak collar patch they, joe rank koo darshaate they, aur kandhe kii gaanthen (joe kandhe key board key roop mein kaam karati theen), joe ss kii vishisht shaakhaon mein sadasyata koo ingit karane key liye, sleeve cuff khitaab aur "sleeve diamond" patch key saath, rank aur sthiti donon koo darshaati theen.
vardi key design aur shailiyaan.
praarambhik ss vardi (1925-1928).
ss apani utpatti kaa pataa kaee praarambhik "freecorps" aur naazi party sanrachanaon seey lagaa sakata haye, jinamen seey erhardt nausena brigade, "dair stallhelm" aur sabse mahatvapurna roop seey "sturmabtilung" (sa), jinamen seey ss mool roop seey ack adheenasth sangathan thaa.
pahali saa vardi aur prateek chinh praarambhik naazi dwara banaai gaee ardhsainik vardi thee jisamen pratham vishva yuddh kii vardi key kuchh hisson koo shamil kiya gayaa thaa taaki anya "freecorps" sanrachana jaise oonche joote, khanjar aur kp topi dwara upayog kii jaane vaali visheshtaon koo shamil kiya jaa sakey. 8-vyakti "chhura ghonpane vaalaa" ("karmchari gaard"), hitler key angarakshak, jald hii "stostrup" ("shock troop") kaa naam badal diyaa gayaa, jise maee 1923 mein "totenkoff" (mrityu kaa sir) aur oak key patte koo bhee prateek chinh key roop mein apanaaya gayaa, joe donon pahale seey hii europeeya sainya itihas mein gaharaai seey nihit they.
1924 mein, jabaki bear holl puts key baad naazi party koo kanuni roop seey pratibandhit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, "frontban" (bhoomigat sa) netaa gerhard roseback ney austriya mein yuddh-adhishesh bhoore rung kii denim shirt kaa ack badaa bhandar sthit kiya, joe mool roop seey ushnakatibandhiya vardi key liye thaa. jaba hitler kii jail seey rihaai key baad 1925 mein saa (jisamen navjat ss shamil thaa) kii phir seey sthaapana kii gaee, tou inn bhoore rung kii shirt koo vardi key roop mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa.
1925 mein, hitler ney ack naee angarakshak ikai, "shutzkomando" (suraksha kamaan) key gathan kaa adesh diyaa. iska gathan julius shrek dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur isamen puraane "stostrup" sadasya, emil morris aur erhard hayden shamil they. kewal ack hii prateek chinh swastik armband thaa, joe aamtaur parr ghar kaa banaa hotaa thaa, sivaay "stostrup" key uttaradhikari, "shutzcomando" key, jinhone topi yaa collar parr pinn kiye gaye "totenkoff" kaa upayog jaari rakhaa. usee varsh, "shutzkomando" kaa rashtriya star taka vistaar kiya gayaa. iska kramik roop seey naam badalkar "stermstaffel" (storm squadron) aur anta mein "shutzstaffel" (suraksha squadron) curr diyaa gayaa, jise aiss. aiss. (9 navambar koo) key roop mein sankshipt kiya gayaa. agale varsh mein apani pahali pehchaan yogya shreni chihn pranali koo apanaaya, jisamen ss kii shreni aur file, baaki sa kii tarah, abhee bhee vibhinn prakaar kii bhoore rung kii shirt yaa ardhsainik vardi pahane hue thee.
1926 kii praarambhik shreni pranali mein peele ("sonaa") aur safed ("chaandi") dhaariyon key saath pahani jaane vaali ack swastik baanh kii patti shamil thee, jisamen dharakon kii sankhya vaahak kii shreni nirdhaarit karati thee. iss prakaar, praarambhik ss ney ack shreni pranali kaa upayog kiya jise unake atimaanav sa seey praapt kiya jaa sakata thaa. yahee kaaran haye kii ss ney usa pranali kaa bhee upayog kiya joe armband ("dyenstallungs-armbinde") parr dhaariyon kii madad seey ss leader key kaary kaa pratinidhitva karati haye. sabhi pattiyon (sonaa aur chaandi) kii oonchaai 1 semi thee. sabhi bhujaaon mein joe samaantaa thee vaha yeh thee kii unake pratyek kinare parr 1 kaali pasaliyon vaali patti bhee thee.
uparokt pranali key tahat, buniyaadi ss sainikon koo 10-sadasyiya "staffellan" mein sangathit kiya gayaa thaa, pratyek koo "staffurer" key adhikaar key tahat. ss jile, jinhen "ss-gaus" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack "gaufaharar" key adhikaar key tahat they, jabaki sabhi ss jilaa netaaon ney ss key ack rashtriya netaa koo jawab diyaa, jise "reachsfurer" kahaa jaataa haye, iss samay joseph berchtold. naazi party kii vichardhara key "furerpringip" ("netaa siddhant") key anuroop, "furer" shabd koo buniyaadi ss sainikon koo chhodkar sabhi shreniyon mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa.
1927 taka, "stermabetylung" ney apani sankhya mein bahut vriddhi kii thee aur "braun shirt" vardi koo maankeekrit curr diyaa thaa, joe usake baad sthaayi roop seey usa samooh key saath judee hogeeh shirt, tyee, breach, boot aur belnakar kp, sabhi bhoore rung kii. ss iss samay saa key bheetar ack chhoti ikai thee aur vahee bhoore rung kii saa vardi pahanati thee, jisamen ack kaali tyee aur ack kaali topi key saath ack "totenkoff" khopadi aur haddiyon key prateek key saath khud koo alag karane key liye.
iss samay taka, "stallhelm" key prabhaav key saath, sa netritva ney apane pahale collar prateek chihn koo apanaaya aur resiment key aakar key "standarton" (company key aakar key "staffellan" koo shamil karate hue) key prabhaari "standartenfuhrer" ("maanak netaa") kaa ack nayaa sa rank bhee jodaa; iss samay ss ney bhee usee rank koo apanaaya.
1927 key rank mein sa/ss sainikon key liye koee prateek chinh naheen thaa (jise abhee bhee "maan" sheershak seey jaanaa jaataa haye) aur "stafflefuhrer" kaa pichla rank kewal "furer" ("netaa") hoe gayaa thaa. apane saa samkakshon kii tarah "standartenfuhrer", "gaufuharar" aur "rexfuheror" key uchch ss rank abb braun saa shirt key donon collar parr pradarshit oak key patton kii ack pranali kaa upayog karate they. ack oak kaa patta ack "standartenfuhrer" koo darshaata haye, dou "gaufuehrer", aur teen oak key patte "rexfuheror-aiss. aiss" berchtold aur unake uttaradhikari erhard hayden dwara pahane jaate they, jinhone seedhe "oberste saa-furer" koo soochit kiya thaa.
agale varsh key dauran, teji seey badhati sa ney naee ikaaiyon aur shreniyon kaa uday dekhaa, aur pahali baar rank prateek chinh kii ack vyaapak pranali dekhi. ack buniyaadi daste kii ikai, 10-sadasyiya "skaar" koo pulton key aakar key "trupen" mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, aur inhen company key aakar key "sterm" mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa thaa, joe badale mein batalian key aakar key "stermben" seey banaa thaa."naee shreniyaan naee sanrachanaon key saath gaeenh" "scarfuhrer", "ack pipe key saath baaen collar patch parr pahana jaataa haye," "traphuharar", "dou pips," "stermfuhrer", "teen pips, aur" "stermbenfuhrer", "chaar pips. saa vardi key daahine collar parr ack patch pahana jaataa thaa jisamen dou number hotey they joe "standart" aur "sturban" sambaddhata kaa sanket dete they. kyonki ss kii sankhya ack hazaar seey cumm thee, isane iss samay "sturban" ikai koo naheen apanaaya, aur daahine haath key ss collar patch kewal "standart" kii sankhya koo pradarshit karate they.
sangathan key oopari chhor parr, 1928 mein saa "gau-sterm" koo kshetriya "groupen" mein punargathit kiya gayaa thaa, pratyek kii kamaan ack nae samanya-adhikaari pada, "groupenfuheror" key saath ack netaa dwara kii gaee thee; iska prateek chihn teen oak patti kaa collar patch thaa. iss samay "gaufuharar" key poorv pada kaa naam badalkar "oberfuhrer" ("varishth netaa") curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
saa key collar patch rung-kodit theh pratyek "groupe" kaa apana vishisht rung thaa. ss koo apane liye ack "groupe" maanaa jaataa thaa; iska rung, swabhavik roop seey, kaalaa thaa, aur "reaksfuhrer-aiss. aiss" hayden "groupenfuhrer" kaa pada dhaaran kartaa thaa aur iska teen-okleef prateek chinh pahanata thaa.
ss brounshirt (1929-1932).
1929 mein, nae "reachsfuhrer-aiss. aiss." heinrich himler key tahat, ss ney apane pahale samaan niyamon koo samhitaabaddh kiyaah hastakshar kaale rung koo breach, boot, armband kinaaron, aur belt aur crossbelt taka badhaaya gayaa thaa; shirt kaa collar varishth netaaon koo chhodkar kaale aur safed modd cord mein kinare kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen chaandi mein kaataa gayaa thaa.
poorna vardi kaa utpaadan aur jaari karane kii kshamata nsdap key khajanchi franz zaavar schwarz key tahat "reachzugmisterei" (rjdm; "rashtriya quartermaster karyalaya") key kendrikaran aur himler key teji seey badhate ss (1929 aur 1932 key beach 280 sadasyon seey 52,000 taka) key vistaar aur punargathan key kaaran hui, jisamen poore germany mein kaee brigade-aakar key "brigaden" mein, jinamen seey pratyek mein teen seey paanch resiment-aakar key "standerton" shamil they. standarton" key bheetar abb dou seey teen batalian key aakar kaa "stermben" ("storm unit") maujood thaa, aur iss star key neeche "sterm", "trupen" aur "sharen" they.
nichale rank key liye, ss ney yeh bhee nirdisht kiya kii pahanane vaale kii resiment koo dikhaane vaalaa ack patch
("standart") koo pada key baij key saamane pahana jaataa thaa jabaki uchch ss netaa donon collar parr okleef prateek chinh pahanana jaari rakhate they. stermfuherrer" key pada seey neeche key collar tab koo kaale aur safed modd kii door mein dhaar diyaa gayaa thaa; "sterm" aur "stermbon" netaaon key kaale aur chaandi kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa jabaki varishth netaaon key thhos chaandi kii door mein dhaar kiya gayaa thaa.
collar ikai prateek chinh key alawa, ss ney abb ack cuffband pranali banaai jise nichali baain baju parr pahana jaataa thaa. yeye cuffband kaale they aur vaahak kii "sterm" sankhya koo rung-kodit kinaaron key saath pradarshit karate they joe "sturban" koo darshaate they, joe collar prateek chinh key sanyojan mein resiment, batalian aur company sambaddhata koo darshaata thaa. company star seey oopar key netaaon ney iss samay cuffband pranali kaa upayog naheen kiya thaa.
reachsfuhrer" kii upaadhi key dhaarak koo abhee bhee "saa-groupenfuhrer" maanaa jaataa thaa, jisamen "reachsfuhrer" abhee taka ack vaastavik rank naheen thaa. isake alawa, 1929 mein ack sankshipt avadhi key liye, "standertainfuhrer" kii shreni koo dou alag-alag shreniyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, jinhen "standertainfuhrer (i)" aur "standertainfuhrer (ii)" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye; donon padon key liye ack oak key patte kaa prateek chinh kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa. yeh sthiti ss key teji seey vistaar kaa ack aur pratibimb theeh "oberfuhrers" ney abb teen nae banaae gaye "ss-oberfuhrerberryche", poorv, paschim aur dakshin kii kamaan sambhali; aur isaliye ack varishth "standartenfuhrer" koo pratyek "ss-brigade" kii kamaan sambhaalane key liye padonnat kiya gayaa.
hitler kaa vyaktigat rakshak, jise iss star parr mool ss naam "stabswatche" (jise baad mein "leibstandart" adolph hitler key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) seey jaanaa jaataa thaa, bhee apani swatantrata vyakt curr rhaa thaa aur sape aahar key netritva mein apane aakar koo badhaa rhaa thaa.
agast 1930 kaa steins vidroh, jisamen sa key sadasyon ney berlin party "gau" mukhyalaya parr hamla kiya, jiska ss dwara bachaav kiya gayaa thaa, sa aur isake adheenasth sangathan key saath isake sambandhon key liye gahare parinam they. berlin key aiss. aiss. netaa curt daluege koo ack khule patra mein, adolph hitler ney ghoshana kii "aiss. aiss. maan, deaney ehare hazt true!"(" aiss. aiss. sanic, aapke sammaan koo nishtha kahaa jaataa haye!"). baad mein, "mine ehare hazt true" ("merey sammaan koo wafadari kahaa jaataa haye") koo ss dwara apane aadarsh vaakya key roop mein apanaaya gayaa. adhik mahatvapurna roop seey, hitler ney saa haid franz feffer wonn saloman koo cashier kiya aur vyaktigat roop seey "oberste saa-fuherer" kaa pada grahan kiya, aur saath hii saath himler aur daaluege donon koo "aiss. aiss.-obergrouphenfuhrer" key nae pada parr padonnat kiya. daluj uttari germany key ss netaa they, jabaki himler ney munich seey dakshini ss ikaaiyon koo niyantrit kiya, jabaki ss key liye rashtriya netaa key roop mein kaary kiya; iss kadam kaa prabhaav wafadar ss koo sandigdh sa seey vyaavhaarik roop seey swatantra banaane kaa thaa, kyonki himler aur daluj ney abb sabhi sa commanders koo pachhaad diyaa thaa.
steins vidroh kaa ack aur parinam hitler dwara dakshin america seey apane puraane "pushch" comrade ernst rome koo "saa-stabshafe" key khitaab key saath saa key dinn-pratidin key sanchaalan koo sambhaalane key liye yaad karna thaa. jabaki hitler ney socha kii yeh saa koo usase adhik majbooti seey jodega, rome kii anya mahatvaakaankshaaen theen, jinamen ardhsainik "stermabtilung" koo ack senaa mein badalana shamil thaa. unake vistaar, padonnati aur sa mein parivartan key saath, sa rank pranali key sanshodhan kii aavashyakta thee, halanki vardi aur khitaab anivarya roop seey samaan rahey. pahala badaa badalaav 1928 mein banaae gaye mool khitabon parr nae rank koo jodana thaa, lekin "varishth" aur "pramukh" padnaamon ("ober" aur "hopt") koo jodane key saathah yeye "oberserfuhrer", "obertroophuhrer" aur "stermhaftfuhrer" they. nae rank kaa prateek chinh agale nichale rank key collar pips mein ack chaandi kii patti jodkar banaaya gayaa thaa.
1930 mein ss vardi mein badalaav daahine taraf pahane jaane vaale ack sankeern kandhe key patta koo jodana thaa. kandhe key patt key chaar varg theh 1933 taka ss sainikon dwara ack kaalaa aur safed pattern pahana jaataa thaa, "sterm" aur "sturban" netaaon dwara samanantar chaandi kii doriyon kaa ack appollet, "standarton-", "ober-" aur "groupenfehrers" dwara chaandi kii door mein ack mudaa huaa pattern, aur dou "obergrouphenfehrers" dwara ack chaandi kaa kandhe kaa board.
1931 taka, himler ss koo punargathit karane key liye paryaapt surakshit (yaa swatantra) thaa, joe pahale ack "saa-group" thaa, jise paanch "ss-groupen" mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa, jise "brigedfuherer" key nae rank key adhikaariyon key netritva mein kaee "brigade" mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa; iska prateek chinh ack pipe key saath "oberfuherrer" key dou occleave they.
ss kaali vardi (1932-1934).
1932 mein, ss ney apani sabse prasiddh vardi, carle diabisch aur graphic designer aur ss-sadasya walter heck dwara design kii gaee kaali poshak pesh kii. saa key liye ack sir key roop mein shirt bhoore rung kii bunny rahee, jisamen seey ss abhee bhee nammatra kaa ack hissa thaa, lekin laal armband key alawa, oonche booton seey laker naee sainya shally kii choti kii topi taka baaki sub kaalaa thaa. ss purushon koo kharaab mausam key liye kaale oona key mahaan coat bhee jaari kiye gaye they, joe isi tarah seey armband, appollet aur collar patch leey jaate they. iss samay key aspas ack belt bakal joe apane design mein "mine ehare hazt true" ("meraa sammaan wafadari haye") kii visheshta haye, kaa nirmaan overhoff firm dwara saa bakal koo badalane key liye kiya gayaa thaa.
dou nae junier padon koo pesh kiya gayaah "sterman" aur "rotenfuhrer". iss samay taka, himler ney "aryan" vansh key pramaan parr vishesh dhyaan kendrit karate hue ss sadasyata parr jaanch bhee badhaa dee thee, aur "ss-enerverter" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa ack "ummidwar" pada banaaya thaa, jise sambhaavit ss sadasyon koo aupchaarik roop seey ss mein "ss-maine" key roop mein shamil honey seey pahale cumm seey cumm chhah maheene taka rakhna aavashyak thaa. sadasyata mein vriddhi key saath, rome ney dou nae adhikaari rank kaa aavishkaar kiyaah "oberstermfuhrer" aur "oberstermbenfuhrer".
1933 mein, hitler key kuladhipati banane key baad, ss ney 'adhikaariyon' aur 'soochibaddh purushon' key beach adhik antar karna shuru curr diyaa; ummidwar key aavedan kii 'reachsfuhrer' kii vyaktigat sameeksha key aadhar parr, ack ss aadami koo abb kewal himler kii manjuri seey 'stermfuhrer' key roop mein padonnat kiya jaa sakata thaa. himler hamesha senaa key varg bhed seey nafrat karate they. ss purushon key liye apane pada key liye "hair" jodkar varishth adhikaariyon koo sambodhit karane kii senaa kii pratha kaa paalan karna varjit thaa, aur adhikansh paristhitiyon mein "kamerad" patey kaa ack anumodit roop thaa.
1933 mein bhee, runes prateek chinh pesh kiya gayaa thaa joe antatah poore ss key prateek key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa. ss runes kaa pahala upayog ack ikai chihn key roop mein thaa joe kewal "leibstandart" adolph hitler key sadasyon taka seemit thaa, jisane hitler key mukhya rakshak banane key liye senaa key kuladhipati gaard koo badal diyaa thaa. yeh vaha samay thaa jaba "libstandart" pistaul aur trunchian seey lais ack "ardhsainik" gathan seey "sainya" mein chalaa gayaa, joe raifalon, beyonet aur steel helmate seey lais thaa. iss vishesh ikai chihn kaa anukoolan kaafee hudd taka sape aahar-samriddh kaa kaam thaa, jinhone 4 navambar 1933 koo ikai koo ack swatantra gathan ghoshit kiya aur halanki ss kaa ack hissa, akele hitler key liye jawabdeh thaa. dietrich ney yahaan taka kii berlin "leibstandart" bairak mein himler key pravesh parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa aur 1933 mein kuchh maheenon key liye apane leibstandart sainikon koo binaa swastik armband key kaali vardi pahanane kaa adesh diyaa taaki poore germany mein "olgemine-aiss" ("general ss") ikaaiyon key rank aur file seey angarakshak ikai koo alag kiya jaa sakey.
usee samay dietreach aur unake "leibstandart" ney ss runes koo apane ikai chihn key roop mein apanaaya, purnakaalik ss mukhyalaya aur kamaan karmchaariyon ney binaa ikai sankhya key ack khaali collar patch kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa, taaki way germany mein "rank aur file" ss ikaaiyon seey khud koo alag curr sakein joe abhee bhee resiment "standerton" sankhyaon koo apane ikai prateek chihn key roop mein upayog curr rahey they. iss prakaar, 1933 key anta taka, teen ikai collar prateek chihn maujood theh "leibstandart" dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale ss runn, ss mukhyalaya aur kamaand karmchaariyon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale khaali collar patch, aur poore germany mein niyamit ss companiyon dwara pahane jaane vaale sankhyaabaddh ss ikai prateek chinh.
1934 mein, "ss-worfugangstruppe" (ss-private) key uday key saath, ss runes ikai chihn kaa vistaar ss kii tatkalin naee sainya shakha (baad mein waffen-ss key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa) key inn anya sanrachanaon mein kiya gayaa thaa. inn naee sainya sanrachanaon koo aahar samriddh key tahat mukhya "leibstandart" resiment seey alag karane key liye, "worfugangstrup" dwara pahane jaane vaale ss runes ney vaahak kii vishesh ss-private resiment key anuroop ack chhoti sankhya pradarshit kii. kull milakar, teen sambhaavit sankhyaaen theenh
1 "german" resiment key sadasyon key liye, 2 "germania" karmiyon key liye, aur (1938 seey) 3 "dair furer" resiment key sadasyon key liye. yeye prateek chinh dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran jeevit rahenge aur yuddh key samay "daas reech" dwiteeya waffen-aiss. aiss. division mein teen mool resiments key poorna aakar kii sainya resimental taakat taka vistaar honey key baad upayog mein rakhe gaye they, joe aakar mein unake german senaa samkakshon key lagbhag barabar thaa.
collar ikai prateek chihn pranali key vistaar key alawa, 1934 taka ss ney sleeve cuffband kii pranali kaa bhee bahut vistaar kiya thaa joe abb kaali vardi kaa ack maanak hissa thaa, jise nichali baain baju parr pahana jaataa thaa. olgemine-aiss. aiss.". companiyon key bheetar, resiment, batalian aur company sambaddhata koo darshaane key liye ack ikai collar patch key sanyojan mein cuffband pahane jaate they. jabaki ikai collar patch pahanane vaale kii "standart" (resiment) sankhya pradarshit kartaa haye, cuffband parr darshai gaee sankhya "sterm" yaa company kaa sanket detee haye, jabaki cuffband key saath collar piping aage darshaati haye kii kiss batalian ("stermban") mein ack sadasya ney seva kii.
resiment star seey oopar seva karane vaale karmiyon key liye, ack nange cuffband pahane jaate they yaa ack roman ank vaale cuffband koo pradarshit kiya jaa sakata thaa. roman ankiya cuffband ney "aiss. aiss-brigade" key karmchaariyon parr sadasyata kaa sanket diyaa, joe 1934 key anta taka "aiss. aiss-abushnit" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa thaa. isase bhee uchch staron key liye, jaise kii himler yaa varishth "ss-group" netaaon (jinhen baad mein "ss-oberebsnit furer" sheershak seey jaanaa jaataa haye) key liye ack thhos chaandi kaa cuffband pahana jaataa thaa.
praarambhik sainya ss key bheetar, jisamen "leibstandart" aur "ss-worfugangstroop" kii sanrachanaaen shamil theen, cuffband kii ack shrinkhala pesh kii gaee thee, jisamen usa resiment kaa naam thaa jise vaahak koo saunpa gayaa thaa. inmein seey sabse pratishthit "adolph hitler" cuffband thaa, jisamen suiterlyn lipi mein "furer" kaa naam thaa, jise poori tarah seey "leibstandart" key sadasyon dwara pahana jaataa thaa.
ss yuddh-poorv vardi (1934-1938).
aiss. aiss. rank aur prateek chihn sanrachana koo mahatvapurna roop seey badalane vaali ack ghatana lambi chaku kii raat thee joe 30 juuna seey 2 julaai 1934 taka hui thee. aiss. aeye. netritva key shuddhikaran aur nishpaadan mein aiss. aiss. kii bhagidari key parinamswarup, aiss. aiss. koo naazi party kaa ack swatantra gathan ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa jisane kewal hitler koo jawab diyaa. ss koo isake sa mool seey poori tarah seey alag karane key liye kaee rank khitabon kaa naam badal diyaa gayaa thaa.
sabse mahatvapurna pada parivartan ss key commander koo darshaane key liye "reachsfuhrer-ss" key vaastavik pada kaa nirmaan thaa. nayaa pada senaa mein feeled marshel key barabar thaa. 1934 seey pahale, himler koo kewal ack "ss-obergrouphenfuhrer" key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa. "reaksfuhrer" kewal ack khitaab thaa aur 1934 seey pahale ack rank naheen thaa, halanki himler ney apane pada seey adhik apane khitaab kaa upayog karna pasand kiya. himler key nae pada key alawa, kaee mool ss rank khitabon kaa naam badal diyaa gayaa (halanki ack hii prateek chinh banaae rakhaa gayaa), jisase ss rank kaa antim namkaran huaa jiska upayog dwiteeya vishva yuddh key anta mein ss koo bhang karane taka kiya jaayega.
ss rank khitabon mein parivartan mukhya roop seey gair-commission adhikaari rank key saath-saath "stermfuherrer" aur "stermhoptfuhrer" key rank parr lagu hotaa haye jinhen nae naam mille. shesh rank key khitaab aparivartit rahey.
rome-putsch" key maddenajar, ss ney aadhikarik taur parr sa aur pulis seey yaatana shiviron parr kabja curr liya. isake turant baad, shivir key rakshakon ney "olgemine-aiss standarton" seey khud koo alag karane key liye daahine collar patch parr "totenkoff" ("khopadi") pahanana shuru curr diyaa. yeh shuruati dinon mein asangat thaa; kuchh gaard isake bajaay apane shivir key praarambhik (jaise. jee. "dee" dachaau key liye), aur kuchh ney khaali tab pahane they. lagbhag 1935 mein, kaali vardi dainik seva pahanane key liye avyaavhaarik saabit hui, yaatana shiviron key nireekshan ney "arth-braun" ("erdbron") mein ack kaam karane vaali vardi koo apanaaya, joe donon taraf key kandhe key board koo chhodkar kaale angarkhe key samaan thee. march 1936 mein, shivir "seva" koo aupchaarik roop seey ss kii teesari shakha, "totenkopavarbande" yaa mrityu kii pramukh ikaaiyon key roop mein sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
lagbhag isi samay, isi tarah key karanon seey, sainya ss sanrachanaon ("leibstandart ss adolph hitler" aur "ss-worfugangstroop") ney ack seva vardi koo apanaaya jise "arth-gray" ("erdgrou") kahaa jaataa thaa. yeh bhee kaali vardi parr adharit thaa, lekin laal swastik armband key binaa, baain baju parr iska sthaan ack eagle-aur-swastik patch dwara liya jaa rhaa thaa, aur patloon aur joote yaa bachhade-oonche jackboot key saath pahana jaataa thaa. juuna 1938 mein iss vardi koo purnakaalik "olgemine-ss" caders key liye bhee adhikrit kiya gayaa thaa; lsah aur ss-private ney taba senaa key pattern key kandhe key board koo apanaaya taaki way khud koo general ss seey alag curr sakein aur apani sainya bhoomika parr jore dey sakein.
farwari 1934 mein, "ehrenwinkel farr alte campfer" ("puraane pracharakon key liye sammaan shevron") una sabhi ss purushon key liye pesh kiya gayaa thaa joe 30 janwari, 1933 seey pahale naazi party yaa party seey sambaddh sangathan mein shamil hoe gaye they; "ensclus" key baad, yeh una austriyai logon key liye bhee adhikrit thaa joe 18 farwari 1938 seey pahale dnsap mein shamil hoe gaye they. isane daahine haath parr pahane jaane vaale chaandi key feete vaale shevron kaa roop leey liya. iss avadhi key dauran, pramukh ss prateek chinh mein bhee design parivartan kiye gaye. totenkoff" kii pracheen jabade rahit "danzigar" shally koo dheere-dheere 'classic' kii khopadi dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, joe muskuraate hue jabadon key saath ack praakritik design thaa; puraane roop koo senaa key navgathit "pangerwafe" dwara liya gayaa thaa. isake alawa, march 1936 mein, hitler ney ss key liye chaunka dene vaale pankhon key saath ack nae art deco eagle koo manjuri dee, jise yuddh key anta mein topi baij key roop mein aur baju parr pahana jaataa thaa.
1938 key anta taka, ss ney baain baju key neeche pahane jaane vaale sleeve heere kii ack naee prateek chinh visheshta koo bhee apanaaya thaa. 1939 aur 1940 key beach, ss ney apani cuffband aur sleeve diamond pranali kaa vistaar 30 seey adhik cuffband aur 12 seey adhik sleeve heere kii ack vishal shrinkhala mein kiya.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh kii ss vardi (1939-1945).
jaba 1939 mein dwiteeya vishva yuddh shuru huaa, tou ss generalon koo chhodkar, "olgemine-ss" gray service uniform ney "wehrmatch"-shally key kandhe key board koo kuchh hudd taka "aid-hock" apanaane key saath adhik sainya upasthiti lii, jinhone 1942 taka, samanya rank koo darshaane key liye sankeern bradded silver ss sholderboard pahanana jaari rakhaa. yeh bhee iss samay thaa kii "ss-oberfuherer" key pada ney ack samanya adhikaari pada key roop mein apana darja khou diyaa aur isake bajaay abb ise ack varishth curnell pada key roop mein maanaa jaataa thaa. kaali vardi koo shayed hii kabhi dekhaa jaataa thaa, antatah kewal anshakaalik "olgemine-aiss. aiss" aarakshit logon dwara pahana jaataa thaa. antim aupchaarik karyakram jisamen juuna 1940 mein france key patan key baad kaali vardi "saamoohik roop seey" pahani gaee thee, vaha berlin vijay pared thee. 1942 mein, himler ney adhikansh kaali vardi koo vaapas lene aur prateek chinh seey hataane kaa adesh diyaa. unhein poorv mein sthaaniya sahayak pulis ikaaiyon dwara upayog key liye bheja gayaa thaa aur paschim mein neetherland aur denmark jaisi german-aiss. aiss. ikaaiyon dwara upayog key liye bheja gayaa thaa. 1937 mein, lassa aur ss-private ney yuddh pahanane key liye ack bund-collar "feldgrow" (gray-green) feeled uniform koo apanaaya thaa, joe yuddh key prakop key saath waffen-aiss. aiss. kii maanak uniform bunn gaee. yeh "feldenzug" 1936 key model kii senaa kii feeled vardi key samaan thaa; haalaanki, ss sanskaran mein "heer" bottle-harey key bajaay "feldgrow" (feeled-gray) mein kuchh vyaapak collar thaa, nichale pockett ss konn vaale slash prakaar key they, aur dusare button koo neeche rakhaa gayaa thaa taaki collar koo vaikalpik roop seey service-dress vardi kii tarah ack nekti key saath khula pahana jaa sakey. totenkoff" shakha, jise waffen-aiss. aiss. key liye aarakshit naamit kiya gayaa thaa, ney bhee iss vardi koo apanaaya. "waffen-aiss. aiss. panger" sainikon ney senaa key model key samaan dou chhaati vaali kaali vardi pahani thee, lekin cutt mein kuchh alag; yuddh key aage badhane key saath ss ney chhadm kapadon kaa bhee vyaapak upayog kiya. purnakaalik "olgemine-aiss. aiss." cadder, vishesh roop seey reech suraksha mukhya karyalaya (aar. aiss. aeye.) karmiyon ney arth-gray seva-poshak pahanana jaari rakhaa.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran una logon dwara aayojit ss rank key sambandh mein ack anoothi sthiti vikasit hui jinhone yuddh key prakop seey pahale seey "olgeman-ss" padon parr seva kii thee aur abb weffen-ss key saath seva karna chaahte they. aise vyakti pahale seey hii ss sadasya honey key kaaran, yeh ummeed kii jaati thee kii way yuddh mein seva karane key liye waffen-aiss. aiss. mein shamil honge; kuchh sadasyon key paas vaastav mein koee vikalp naheen thaa aur unhein yuddh seva key liye taiyar kiya gayaa thaa kyonki unake "olgemine-aiss. aiss." billet koo hataa diyaa gayaa thaa yaa, anushasanatmak kaarravaai seey judee sthitiyon mein, ss aur pulis adalat key samaksh sunavaai key parinamswarup yuddh mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa; wilheim hottle aisaa hii ack udaaharan thaa.
olgemine-aiss. aiss.". sadasyon key waffen-aiss. aiss. mein sthanantarit honey key parinamswarup, aiss. aiss. sadasyon key paas dou alag-alag rank they-ack "olgemine-aiss. aiss.". mein aur doosara waffen-aiss. aiss. mein. waffen-aiss. aiss. adhikaari ack niyamit yaa aarakshit aayog bhee aayojit curr sakate they, jisamen adhikansh "olgeman-aiss. aiss.". sadasyon koo waffen-aiss. aiss. aiss. bhandar mein niyukt kiya jaataa thaa (irada yuddh samaapt honey key baad aise sadasyon koo aasaani seey nishkriya kartavya parr rakhane mein saksham honah thaa).
ss key suraksha bull, jaise kii sd sanic joe "einsatzgroupen" kaa hissa they, sabhi koo "olgemine-aiss" kaa hissa maanaa jaataa thaa, bhale hii inmein seey kaee vyakti (vishesh roop seey kshetra mein) lagbhag waffen-aiss key samaan vardi pahanate they; bhram koo aur badhaane key liye, suraksha pulis (sipo) key kaee agents ney aisee "feeled" bhoomikaon mein waffen-aiss. aiss. vardi pahani, bhale hii way ss kii kissy bhee shakha key "paden" sadasya naa houn. 1943 taka, ss ney ack dridh prayaas kiya thaa kii adhikansh kshetra karmiyon (yaatana shivir karmchaariyon sahit) koo waffen-ss rank pradaan kiye gaye they aur 1944 mein, kissy bhee "olgemine-ss" koo, jisane ss ladaakoo sainikon kii kamaan sambhaalane vaale kshetra mein seva kii, ack waffen-ss commission pradaan kiya gayaa thaa.
aprail 1942 mein "ss-oberstgroupherer" shreni key nirmaan key saath ack aur samaan prateek chinh parivartan huaa. isake kaaran ss generalon key liye ack prateek chinh parivartan kii aavashyakta padee aur iss samay sabhi ss generalon ney "wehrmatch" shally key soney key kandhe key board pahanana shuru curr diyaa; "oberfuhrers" ney senaa "oberst" ("curnell") key kandhe key board pahane jaise "standertenfuhrers" ney pahane they. ekmatra apavaad heinrich himler they jinhone "reaksfuhrer-aiss. aiss." key roop mein apane rank key oak patton key saath chaandi key breaded sholderboard pahanana jaari rakhaa. usee samay samanya adhikaariyon key liye collar patch koo sanshodhit kiya gayaa thaa; 1942 key pattern mein teen oak key patton kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, joe purani shally kii tulanaa mein seedhe they, jisamen shoonya seey teen pips "brigedfuherer" seey "oberstgrouphenfuher" key madhyam seey rank kaa sanket dete they.
ss vardi aapurtikarta yuddh key samay kii maang koo puuraa naheen curr sakey aur isake parinamswarup, waffen-ss aur "totencophowerband" (ss-tv) aksar ss prateek chinh key saath senaa key stock seey kheenchi gaee vardi pahanate they. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key madhya taka, ack hii ikai key bheetar bhee, vardi kii ack vistrit vividhata dekhi jaa sakati thee.
iss avadhi key dauran waffen-aiss. aiss. aur aiss. aiss.-tv key sadasya aiss. aiss. collar patch key saath senaa-shally key kandhe key board pahanate they; 1940 mein soochibaddh collar tab key kinare koo bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa, jabaki aiss. aiss. adhikaariyon key collar patch koo chaandi mein kaataa jaataa rhaa. senaa key gahare harey yaa kshetra-bhoore (gray-green) key vipareet soochibaddh kandhe key patt kaale kapade seey baney hotey they, aur adhikaariyon key liye ack kaalaa underley hotaa thaa; sabhi kandhe key patton koo "waffenfarbe" (shakha-rung) mein pipe kiya jaataa thaa. junier netaa ("sterman" aur "rotenfuherrer") senaa key prateek chihn ("gefrator" aur "obergefrator") key anuroop sleeve shevron pahanate they, lekin kaale rung key samarthan key saath; aiss. aiss. gair-commission adhikaari collar key chaaron or senaa-shally kii chaandi-bhoore rung kii venee pahanate they.
1943 taka, ack vishesh karmchari gair-commission adhikaari pada, jise "stabsarfuhrer" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, koo waffen-aiss. aiss. dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa. yeh pada, ack senaa "hoptfeldwebel" key barabar, ack vishesh baju key prateek chinh dwara darshaaya gayaa thaa aur ack vaastavik pada naheen thaa, balki ack vishesh yuddh ikai key pramukh ss gair-commission adhikaari key liye ack upaadhi thee. stermscharfuhrer" kaa pada bhee ack prakaar key resimental sargent mejar key roop mein waffen-aiss. aiss. key liye advitiya thaa.
yaatana shiviron key karmchaariyon ney abb taka khopadi key collar patch koo maankeekrit curr diyaa thaa, jabaki 1934 aur 1938 key beach "totenkoff" key saath-saath vibhinn shivir vishisht collar patch, joe german aksharon koo pradarshit karate they, kaa upayog ikai prateek chihn key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. anya ikai chihn collar patch mein adhikansh "olgemine-aiss. aiss." key liye ack "standart"-number patch, ss mukhya karyalaya key karmchaariyon aur "sicherhetsdienst" (aur kuchh sipo) karmiyon dwara pahana jaane vaalaa ack khaali collar patch, sig-runn waffen-aiss. aiss. patch (adhikansh ss key liye maanak ikai collar patch key roop mein 1943 key baad apanaaya gayaa), aur ack kramaankit khopadi patch shamil thaa jiska upayog "totenkopavarbande" kii kshetriya ikaaiyon mein seva karane vaale karmiyon dwara kiya jaataa thaa; teen varishth "totencope standardarten", "totencope" division mein gathit, inn collar koo poore yuddh key dauran banaae rakhega, lekin shesh "teeke-standard" koo phir seey design kiya gayaa thaa aur farwari 1941 mein "aiss-resiment" mein badal diyaa gayaa thaa, aur "brigade" key roop mein badey paimaane parr bharti kiye gaye they. inn sanrachanaon ney sig-runn key sthaan parr, vishisht ikai collar patch pahane they, joe unhein "freevilles" (videshi swayamsevakon) key roop mein pahachaante they. dwiteeya vishva yuddh key antim dinon mein, ss ney ack judvaan swastik collar patch bhee banaaya jiska upayog "sahayak ss" dwara kiya jaataa thaa joe gair-ss sadasyon koo yaatana shivir kii sthiti mein seva karane key liye anivarya they.
waffen-aiss. aiss. key aiss. aiss. generalon koo aam taur parr unake aiss. aiss. rank sheershak aur wehrmatch seey judey ack sambandhit general key rank donon dwara sambodhit kiya jaataa thaa. german senaa kii shaakhaon mein apane samkakshon seey ss general koo alag karane key liye aise sabhi samanya rankon key baad "dair waffen-aiss" vakyansh kaa prayog kiya gayaa. iss prakaar, ack vishisht sheershak "obergrouphenfuhrer aur general dair waffen-aiss. aiss." thaa.
pulis rank aur prateek chinh.
1936 mein, niyamit german pulis, joe pahale "lender" yaa raajyon kii agencies thee, kaa rashtriyakaran kiya gayaa aur himler key adheen rakhaa gayaa, jise "shafe dair dution polizi" (german pulis key pramukh) naam diyaa gayaa thaa. sadharan vardidhari pulis koo "ordnungspolizei" ("order pulis") kahaa jaataa thaa. orpo" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa "ordnungspolizi" ney "orpo" rank, prateek chinh aur vardi kii ack alag pranali banaae rakhee. ss sadasyon key liye "orpo" aur ss donon mein dohri sthiti rakhna bhee sambhav thaa, aur ss generalon koo donon rank khitabon dwara ack saath sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa. udaaharan key liye, ss mein ack "obergrouppenfuhrer" joe ack pulis general bhee thaa, usey "obergrouppenfuhrer aur general dair polizi" ("obergrouppenfuhrer" aur pulis key general) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaayega. 1939 key anta mein, "orpo" karmiyon koo ack yuddh prabhaag mein gathit kiya gayaa thaa, jise pulis prateek chihn key upayog seey pahachaana jaa sakata thaa; 1942 mein, iss gathan koo waffen-aiss. aiss. mein avashoshit curr liya gayaa thaa taaki yeh 4 "aiss. aiss.-polizi-panserganadier prabhaag bunn jaae.
german-aiss. aiss. vardi aur videshi ikaaiyon koo shrenibaddh kiya jaataa haye.
german-aiss. aiss. vardi mool kaale "olgemine-aiss. aiss.". vardi key sanshodhit sanskaran they aur kabje vaale deshon mein german-aiss. aiss. dwara sakhti seey upayog kiye jaate they. inn ikaaiyon koo atirikt kaali vardi pradaan kii gaee thee jiss parr desh vishisht prateek chinh pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa. isake kaaran mool desh key aadhar parr vibhinn prakaar key prateek chinh aur shreni key khitaab praapt hue, halanki poore german-aiss. aiss. mein maankeekrit aiss. aiss. dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale shreni key prateek chinh pips aur oak key patte they. 1944 key anta mein german-aiss. aiss. kaa astitva prabhaavi roop seey samaapt hoe gayaa, jisake baad isake adhikansh sadasyon koo waffen-aiss. aiss. key videshi sainikon mein milaa diyaa gayaa.
ss khitabon kii tarah, gair-german deshon kii bhartiyon key liye unaki shreni key liye "waffen" sheershak pahale seey hii rakhaa gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, videshi senaaon mein ack "unterserfuherer" koo waffen-"unterserfuherer" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaayega, jabaki ack niyamit ss sadasya koo "ss-unterserfuherer" key roop mein sambodhit kiya jaayega. isase gair-mool bhartiyon koo ingit karane mein madad millie, yaa mukhya roop seey gair-germans seey baney prabhagon mein german vyaktiyon koo alag karane mein madad millie.
vishesh ss vardi.
ss adhikaariyon key paas aupchaarik poshak aur mess dress vardi khareedane kaa vikalp thaa. aupchaarik vardi hamaare yaa britten key ratribhoj-poshak vardi key vipareet naheen thee, binaa poonchh key ack nagrik telkot kii tarah kaataa gayaa thaa, aur safed yaa kaale dhanushakar aur kamarkot key saath pahana jaataa thaa.
dakshini europe aur uttari africa jaise germ mausam kii jalavaayu mein upayog key liye, tunn kapas kii ack ushnakatibandhiya vardi vikasit kii gaee thee. prateek chinh maanak ss-vardi key samaan thaa lekin kaale rung key peechhe tain dhaage mein thaa. waffen-aiss sanic german balon key beach chhadm kapadon key upayog mein agrani they aur yuddh key dauran ise badey paimaane parr pahanate they. aamtaur parr, chhadmaavaran key pattern koo samagr parkon, prativarti dhuein yaa helmate cover parr pahana jaataa thaa, jisamen chhadmaavaran vaale angarkhe yuddh key dauran baad mein pesh kiye jaate they. saikadon licenses praapt karkhanon mein vardi kaa nirmaan kiya jaataa thaa, jisamen kuchh shramik yuddh key kaidi they aur jabaran shram karate they. kaee naazi yaatana shiviron mein paida kiye gaye they.
ss sheershak.
ss dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale rank khitabon key alawa, pradhikaran key kuchh padon parr ss karmiyon koo sambodhit karate samay nimnalikhit khitabon kaa aksar adaan-pradaan kiya jaataa thaa.
gupt pulis rank.
isake alawa, koee bhee ss sadasya jisane gestapo yaa kripo mein bhee seva kii, ack advitiya aaparaadhik anveshak pada rakhta thaa, jinamen seey ack adhik samanya "criminalrat" thaa, joe ack pulis anveshak kaa pada thaa joe peshevar jasuson koo darshaata haye. arther nebe, ack peshevar puliskarmi, 1930 key dashak key adhikansh samay key liye "criminalrate" kii upaadhi seey jaanaa jaataa thaa, kewal gair-"kripo" gatividhiyon mein lagey rahane parr ack ss rank kaa upayog karate they. gestapo ney rank kii ack poori shrinkhala bhee banaae rakhee, jiska upayog ss rank key saath ack dusare key sthaan parr kiya jaa sakata haye yadi agent bhee ss seey sambandhit haye (kaee ney naheen kiya).
ss sadasyata sankhyaaen.
adolph hitler, germany key "furer" key roop mein, ss sadasya maanaa jaataa thaa #1; emil mauris (ss key sansthapakon mein seey ack) sadasya #2 they. ss sadasyata sankhya kii varishthata pranali key aadhar parr, isane hitler koo anya sabhi sadasyon key liye ss mein varishth banaa diyaa. aiss. aiss. sadasyata sankhya pranali aiss. aiss. key 'puraane rakshak' koo darshaane kaa ack saadhan bhee thee, aur 50,000 seey cumm sankhya koo rakhane key liye ack vishesh sammaan kaa sthaan maanaa jaataa thaa kyonki yeh 1933 mein satta parr naazi key kabze seey pahale aiss. aiss. sadasyata koo darshaata thaa. 500 seey cumm sankhya koo aiss. aiss. kaa mool samvarg maanaa jaataa thaa, jabaki pachas seey cumm sankhya koo mool sansthaapak aur, jyaadaatar mamalon mein, hitler kaa vyaktigat sahayogi maanaa jaataa thaa.

