
input parikalpana

input parikalpana, jise monitor model key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, 1970 aur 1980 key dashak mein bhashavid stephen crashion dwara vikasit dwiteeya bhasha adhigrahan kii paanch parikalpanaon kaa ack samooh haye. crashen ney mool roop seey input parikalpana koo paanch parikalpanaon mein seey kewal ack key roop mein taiyar kiya, lekin samay key saath yeh shabd paanch parikalpanaon koo ack samooh key roop mein sandarbhit karane key liye aaya haye. parikalpanaaen input parikalpana, adhigrahan-seekhane kii parikalpana, nigrani parikalpana, praakritik crum parikalpana aur bhavatmak filter parikalpana hain. input parikalpana pahali baar 1977 mein prakaashit hui thee.
parikalpanaaen usa bodhgamya input (see. aaee.) koo praathamik mahatva detee hain jisake sampark mein bhasha seekhane vaale aatey hain. bolly jaane vaali aur likhit bhasha key input koo samajhane koo ekmatra tantra key roop mein dekhaa jaataa haye jisake parinamswarup antarnihit bhashai kshamata mein vriddhi hoti haye, aur bhasha key utpaadan koo shiksharthiyon kii kshamata parr koee prabhaav daalane key roop mein naheen dekhaa jaataa haye. isake alawa, crushen ney daavaa kiya kii bhashai kshamata kewal tabhi unnat hoti haye jaba bhasha avachetan roop seey "arjit" hoti haye, aur usa sachet "seekhane" kaa upayog sahaj bhasha utpaadan key srot key roop mein naheen kiya jaa sakata haye. anta mein, seekhane koo seekhane vaale key manodasha parr bahut adhik nirbhar dekhaa jaataa haye, yadi seekhane vaalaa tanaav mein haye yaa bhasha naheen seekhana chaahata haye tou seekhane mein baadha aatee haye.
crushen kii parikalpanaaen bhasha shiksha mein prabhaavshaali rahee hain, vishesh roop seey sanyukt raajya mein, lekin kuchh shikshaavidon seey unaki aalochana hui haye. dou mukhya aalochanaon mein kahaa gayaa haye kii parikalpanaaen apramaanit hain, aur way "adhigrahan" aur "seekhane" key beach ack degree key algaav koo maanate hain joe maujood saabit naheen huaa haye.
avalokan.
crushen dwara prastaavit paanch parikalpanaaen iss prakaar hainh
input parikalpana.
yadi "i" pahale seey arjit bhashai kshamata aur atirikt-bhashai gyaan kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, tou parikalpana kaa daavaa haye kii humm "i" seey "i + 1" koo samajhane key liye "i + 1" mein jaate hain. atirikt-bhashai gyaan mein duniya aur sthiti, yaani sandarbh key baare mein hamara gyaan shamil haye. + 1" nae gyaan yaa bhasha sanrachana kii "agali vriddhi" kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye joe shikshaarthi kii praapt karane kii kshamata key bheetar hogi.
'bodhgamya input' bhasha key adhigrahan key liye mahatvapurna aur aavashyak ghatak haye. bodhgamya input parikalpana koo praakritik crum parikalpana key sandarbh mein dohraya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, yadi humm ack raikhik crum mein bhasha key niyamon koo praapt karate hain (1,2,3..), phir "i" antim niyam yaa bhasha roop kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, aur "i + 1" agali sanrachana haye jise seekha jaanaa chaahiye. haalaanki, iss baat parr jore diyaa jaanaa chaahiye kii kewal koee bhee input paryaapt naheen haye; praapt input samajhane yogya honah chaahiye. crushen key anusaar, unake siddhant key teen parinam hain.
adhigrahan-seekhane kii parikalpana.
aadhunik bhashavigyan mein, kaee siddhant hain kii manushya bhasha kshamata kaise vikasit curr sakate hain. stephen crashion kii adhigrahan-seekhane kii parikalpana key anusaar, dou swatantra tareeke hain jinase humm apane bhashai kaushal kaa vikas karate hainh adhigrahan aur seekhana. yeh siddhant aadhunik bhasha adhigrahan siddhant key mool mein haye, aur shayed crashen key siddhanton kaa sabse maulik haye.
bhasha kaa adhigrahan ack praakritik, sahaj aur avachetan prakriya haye jisake baare mein vyaktiyon koo jagrook honey kii aavashyakta naheen haye. prakriya key baare mein koee anjaan haye kyonki yeh hoe rahee haye aur jaba nayaa gyaan praapt kiya jaataa haye, tou adhigrahankarta koo aam taur parr yeh ehsas naheen hotaa haye kii unake paas koee nayaa gyaan haye. crushen key anusaar, vayask aur bachche donon avachetan roop seey bhasha praapt curr sakate hain, aur likhit yaa maukhik bhasha praapt kii jaa sakati haye. yeh prakriya usa prakriya key samaan haye jisase bachche apani mool bhasha seekhane key dauran gujarate hain. adhigrahan key liye lakshit bhasha mein "saarthak" baatchit kii aavashyakta hoti haye, jisake dauran adhigrahankarta roop key bajaay arth parr kendrit hotaa haye.
doosari or, ack bhasha seekhana ack sachet prakriya haye, jaisa kii school mein anubhav hotaa haye. nae gyaan yaa bhasha roopon koo shikshaarthi key dimag mein sachet roop seey darshaaya jaataa haye, aksar bhasha "niyamon" aur "vyaakaran" key roop mein, aur iss prakriya mein aksar truti sudhaar shamil hotaa haye. bhasha seekhane mein aupchaarik nirdesh shamil hotaa haye aur crushen key anusaar, adhigrahan kii tulanaa mein cumm prabhaavi haye. iss arth mein seekhana avadharana yaa avadharana haih ack bhasha seekhane key bajaay, chhaatr ack bhasha (ack vyaakaran) key baare mein ack amoort, vaichaarik "model", ack "siddhant" seekhate hain.
parikalpana kii nigrani karein.
monitor parikalpana iss baat parr jore detee haye kii ack shikshaarthi kii seekhi hui pranali ack monitor key roop mein kaary karati haye kii way kyaa utpaadan curr rahey hain. dusare shabdon mein, jabaki kewal adhigrahit pranali sahaj bhaashan dene mein saksham haye, seekhi gaee pranali kaa upayog yeh jaanchne key liye kiya jaataa haye kii kyaa bolaa jaa rhaa haye.
isase pahale kii shikshaarthi ack uchchaaran utpann karey, vaha aantarik roop seey trutiyon key liye ise scan kartaa haye, aur sudhaar karane key liye seekhi gaee pranali kaa upayog kartaa haye. aatm-sudhaar taba hotaa haye jaba shikshaarthi kissy vaakya koo bolane key baad usey sahee karane key liye monitor kaa upayog kartaa haye. parikalpana key anusaar, iss tarah kii aatm-nigrani aur aatm-sudhaar hii sachet bhasha seekhane key ekmatra kaary hain.
monitor model taba bachchon kii tulanaa mein vayaskon dwara teji seey praarambhik pragati kii bhavishyavani kartaa haye, kyonki vayask praakritik pradarshan kii kshamata praapt karane seey pahale ell2 (lakshit bhasha) uchchaaran kaa utpaadan karate samay iss 'monitor' kaa upayog karate hain, aur vayask shikshaarthi bachchon kii tulanaa mein pahale baatchit mein adhik nivesh karenge.
monitor key upayog key liye teen shartein.
crashen key anusaar, monitor kaa safaltapurvak upayog karane key liye, teen sharton koo puuraa kiya jaanaa chaahieh
monitor kaa upayog karane mein kathinaaiyaan.
monitor key upayog mein kaee kathinaaiyaan hain, jisase monitor bhasha upkaran key roop mein kamjor hoe jaataa haye.
inn kathinaaiyon key kaaran, crashen usa samay monitor kaa upayog karane kii salah detaa haye jaba yeh sanchaar mein hastakshep naheen kartaa haye, jaise kii likhate samay.
praakritik crum parikalpana.
praakritik crum parikalpana mein kahaa gayaa haye kii sabhi shikshaarthi lagbhag ack hii crum mein ack bhasha praapt karate hain. yeh crum usa aasaani parr nirbhar naheen haye jisake saath ack vishesh bhasha suvidha koo padhaaya jaa sakata haye; kuchh visheshtaen, jaise kii thurd-person "-aiss" ("vaha daudata haye") koo kaksha kii setting mein padhaana aasaan haye, lekin aamtaur parr bhasha adhigrahan key baad key charanon taka praapt naheen kiya jaataa haye. yeh parikalpana duley aur bert dwara kiye gaye morphim adhyayanon parr adharit thee, jisamen paaya gayaa kii kuchh morphim dusare bhasha adhigrahan key dauran dusaron seey pahale anumaanit roop seey seekh liye gaye they.
prabhaavsheel filter parikalpana.
bhavatmak filter kissy key vatavaran key liye nakaratmak bhaavnaatmak ("bhavatmak") pratikriyaon key kaaran seekhane yaa adhigrahan mein ack baadha haye. yeh dwiteeya bhasha adhigrahan siddhant kii ack parikalpana haye, aur shaikshik manovigyaan aur samanya shiksha mein ruchi kaa ack kshetra haye.
bhavatmak filter parikalpana key anusaar, kuchh bhaavanaaen, jaise kii chinta, aatm-sandeh, aur kewal oob doosari bhasha praapt karane kii prakriya mein hastakshep karati hain. way vaktaa aur shrota key beach ack filter key roop mein kaary karate hain joe shrota koo samajhane mein saksham bhasha input kii matra koo cumm kartaa haye. yeye nakaratmak bhaavanaaen bhasha key input key kushal prasanskaran koo rokti hain. parikalpana mein aage kahaa gayaa haye kii ruchi koo badhaane, cumm chinta kaa vatavaran pradaan karane aur shikshaarthi key atmasamman koo badhaava dene seey avrodh koo cumm kiya jaa sakata haye.
crashen (1982) key anusaar, bhavatmak filter koo cumm karane key tareeke hain. ack haye maun avadhi kii anumati denaa (chhaatr seey bolane kii ummeed naheen karna isase pahale kii vaha apani vyaktigat aavashyaktaon key anusaar paryaapt matra mein samajhane yogya input praapt curr leey). ack shikshak koo chhaatr key gharelu jeevan key baare mein jagrook honey kii aavashyakta hoti haye, kyonki yeh kshetra bhavatmak filter mein sabse badaa yogadankarta haye. yeh bhee dhyaan rakhna mahatvapurna haye kii joe loga america mein pahali baar angreji seekh rahey hain, unhein kaee baadhaon seey paar paanaa padata haye. bhavatmak filter koo cumm karane key liye ack shikshak koo koodane key liye baadhaon koo jodane kii aavashyakta naheen haye.
swaagat aur prabhaav.
wolfgang butzcam aur johnn aeye key anusaar. doubleu. caldwell (2009), bodhgamya input, jise crashen dwara sandeshon koo samajhane key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, vaastav mein adhigrahan key liye aavashyak shart haye, lekin yeh paryaapt naheen haye. shikshaarthi bhaashan code koo tabhi crack karenge jaba unhein dou staron parr samajha jaane vaalaa input praapt hoga. unhein naa kewal yeh samajhana chaahiye kii iska kyaa arth haye, balki yeh bhee samajhana chaahiye kii cheejen kaise shaabdik roop seey vyakt kii jaati hain.ee. sandesh dene key liye vibhinn arth ghatakon koo kaise ack saath rakhaa jaataa haye. yeh dohri samajh kaa siddhant haye. kaee mamalon mein, donon prakaar kii samajh koo ack prakriya mein jodaa jaa sakata haye, anya mein naheen. german vakyansh "vaaee spot ist aiss?"yeh poori tarah seey samajha jaataa haye kii" yeh kaun saa samay haye?"haalaanki, shiksharthiyon koo adhik jaanane kii aavashyakta haih * kitna dair hoe chuki haye? yahee german shaabdik roop seey kahate hain, joe hamein vakyansh kii shareer rachana aur isake peechhe kaa tark detaa haye. kewal abb samajh poori hoe gaee haye, aur humm usa vakyansh key poorna adhikaar mein aatey hain joe kaee aur vaakyon key liye ack nuskha bunn sakata haye, jaise kii "vaaee ault ist aiss?"/" yeh kitna purana haye?"aadi. batzakam aind caldwell (2009:64) key anusaar "dohri samajh vaali bhasha input hamari bhasha seekhane kii kshamataon key liye eendhan haye. yeh aavashyak aur paryaapt donon haye.
siddhant crashion aur terrell kii samajh-adharit bhasha seekhane kii paddhati koo praakritik drishtikon (1983) key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. 1988 mein pahali baar vikasit kendriya kaushal drishtikon bhee iss siddhant parr adharit haye. doosari bhasha key podcast key roop mein angreji bhee bhasha praapt karane vaalon koo samajhane yogya input pradaan karane parr crashion key vichaaron seey prerit thee.
sabse lokpriya pratiyogi kaushal-nirmaan parikalpana aur bodhgamya utpaadan parikalpana hain. input parikalpana nirdeshaatmak machaan seey sambandhit haye.
bhasha shikshan mein anuprayog.
input parikalpana koo aksar tii. pee. aar. kahani kahane key saath vyavhaar mein lagu kiya jaataa haye.
star.
crashen shiksharthiyon koo shuruati aur madhyavarti staron mein naamit kartaa haih
"madhyavarti star" ".
ack vyaavhaarik mamle key roop mein, "bodhgamya input" nimnalikhit shikshan takneekon key saath kaam kartaa haih
sandarbh.
 crushen, aiss. (1979), 'doosari bhasha adhigrahan key liye monitor model', aar mein. gingras (aid.) doosari bhasha kaa adhigrahan aur videshi bhasha shikshan, calle

