
venis bhasha

vanician, vyaapak vanician yaa vanician (yaa) itali key uttar-poorv mein mool roop seey bolly jaane vaali ack romans bhasha haye, jyaadaatar venetto kshetra mein, jahaan pachas laakh nivaasiyon mein seey adhikansh ise samajh sakate hain. yeh kabhi-kabhi venetto key baahar bolly jaati haye aur aksar achchi tarah seey samajhi jaati haih trentino, freuli, juuliyan march, istriya, aur slovenia aur dalmetia (croatia) key kuchh shaharon mein ack jeevit autochthonus venesian aabaadi, aur brazil, argentine, australia, kanada, sanyukt raajya america, sanyukt raajya america, aur mexico mein venesia key pravaasi.
halanki ise kuchh vaktaaon dwara bhee "italvi bolly" (,) key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye, label mukhya roop seey bhaugolik haye. vanician italvi seey ack alag bhasha haye, jisamen kaee sthaaniya kismein hain. romans bhasha parivaar key bheetar iska sateek sthaan kuchh hudd taka vivadaspad banaa huaa haye. nasleeya aur glotolog donon ise gallo-aitik shakha mein samoohit karate hain. devto, avolio aur ursini iss tarah key vargeekaran koo aswikar karate hain, aur ise romans kii italo-dalmatian shakha mein rakhate hain.
itihas.
romans bhasha parivaar key sabhi sadasyon kii tarah, vanician ashleel lattin seey vikasit huaa, aur iss prakaar yeh italvi aur anya romans bhaashaon kii ack bahan bhasha haye. vanician koo pahali baar 13veen shatabdi mein likhit roop mein pramaanit kiya gayaa haye.
venis ganarajya key dinon mein iss bhasha kii kaafee pratishtha thee, jaba ise bhoomadhya sagar mein ack bhasha kaa darja praapt huaa thaa. venis bhasha key ullekhaniya lekhakon mein natakkar ruzaante (1502-1542), carlo goldoni (1707-1793) aur carlo goji (1720-1806) shamil hain. purani italvi rangmanch parampara () kaa paalan karate hue, unhone apane haasya mein samanya logon key bhaashan key roop mein venesian kaa upayog kiya. way sabhi samay key agrani italvi naatya lekhakon mein seey ack hain, aur goldoni aur goji key naatak aaj bhee poori duniya mein prastut kiye jaate hain.
venis mein anya ullekhaniya kritiyaan hain giacomo casanova (1725-1798) dwara "eliod" kaa anuvaad aur franco boretti, giuseppe capelli dwara "divya comedy" (1875) kaa anuvaad aur biageo marrin (1891-1985) kii kavitaaen. ullekhaniya bhee ack pandulipi haye jiska sheershak haye "dialogo dee seeko dee ronchitti daa brujin inn perpuocito dee laa stella neuva" jiska shreya girolamo spinelli koo diyaa jaataa haye, shayed vaigyaanik vivaran key liye galileo galile dwara kuchh paryavekshan key saath.
kaee vanician shabdakosh print aur online upalabdh hain, jinamen contarini, naazari aur pixio shamil hain.
ack saahityik bhasha key roop mein, vanician parr dante alighiyeri kii tuscan bolly (punarjagaran key sabse prasiddh lekhak, jaise kii petrarch, bokkashiyo aur machiaveli, tuscan they aur tuscan bhasha mein likhe gaye they) aur france kii bhaashaon jaise ausitano-romans bhaashaon aur langues dee 'oil ney prabhaav daala thaa.
ganarajya key patan seey pahale bhee, vanician kaa upayog dheere-dheere prashaasnik uddeshyon key liye tuscan-vyutpann italvi bhasha key paksh mein kiya jaanaa bund hoe gayaa thaa, jise ack samanya italvi sanskriti key liye ack vaahan key roop mein prastaavit aur upayog kiya gayaa thaa, jise prakhyaat vanician manavtavadiyon aur kaviyon dwara dridhata seey samarthit kiya gayaa thaa, pitro bembo (1470-1547) seey, joe kii italvi bhasha key vikas mein ack mahatvapurna vyakti thaa, yugo fosco (1778-1827) taka.
lagbhag sabhi aadhunik venis bolane vaale italvi key saath diglosic hain. vartamaan sthiti bhasha key astitva key baare mein sawal uthaati haye. ise pahchaanane key liye haal key kadmon key bavjood, vanician antar-peedhigat hastaantaran kii seema seey bahut neeche haye aur yuva peedhiyan kaee sthitiyon mein itailiyan koo pasand karati hain. yeh una logon key nirantar aagaman taka faila huaa haye joe kewal italvi bolate hain yaa seekhate hain.
venesia 1870 aur 1905 key beach aur 1945 aur 1960 key beach venetto kshetra seey badey paimaane parr pravaas key parinamswarup anya mahadweepon mein fail gayaa. venesia key pravasiyon ney argentine, brazil (talian dekhein), aur mexico (chipilo venesia bolly dekhein) mein badey venesia bhashi samudaayon kaa nirmaan kiya, jahaan aaj bhee bhasha bolly jaati haye.
19veen shatabdi mein triste aur maggiya kii or badey paimaane parr aapravaasan ney poorv kii or venis bhasha kii upasthiti koo badhaaya. pahale triste kii bolly ack ratto romans bolly thee jise key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. yeh bolly venesian pravaas key parinamswarup vilupt hoe gaee, jisane aaj vahaan bolly jaane vaali venesian kii tristino bolly koo janm diyaa.
20veen shatabdi key dauran aantarik pravaason mein kaee venis-vaktaaon koo itali key anya kshetron mein bhee basate dekhaa gayaa, vishesh roop seey dakshini lezio key ponteen daldal mein jahaan way lattin, aprilia aur pomazia jaise nae shaharon mein rahate they, vahaan tathaakathit "samudaay" (communita venetopontin) kaa nirmaan huaa.
kuchh farmon ney vigyaapan mein venesian bhasha kaa upayog karane kaa vikalp chunaa haye, jaisa kii kuchh saal pahale ack bear ney kiya thaa (, 'kewal naam videshi haye'). anya mamalon mein venetto mein vigyapanon koo maanak italvi mein ack venesian shabd jodkar ack "venesian swaad" diyaa jaataa haih udaaharan key liye ack airline ney marco polo havaai adde seey naee udaanon kaa vigyaapan karane key liye ack italvi vaakya (sahee venesian honey) mein kriya (, "yeh hamesha badaa hotaa haye") kaa upayog kiya.
2007 mein, venetian koo kshetriya kaanoon sankhya key saath venetto kii kshetriya parishad dwara maanyata dee gaee thee. 13 aprail 2007 kaa 8 "venetto kii bhashai aur saanskritik viraasat kaa sanrakshan, samvardhan aur samvardhan". halanki kaanoon spasht roop seey venesian koo koee aadhikarik darja naheen detaa haye, yeh venetto kii saanskritik, samajik, aitihaasik aur nagrik pehchaan key ack aavashyak ghatak key roop mein, suraksha aur vriddhi key uddeshya key roop mein venesian key liye pradaan kartaa haye.
bhaugolik vitaran.
venesian mukhya roop seey venetto aur freuli-venezia giulia key italvi kshetron mein aur slovenia aur croatia (istriya, dalmatia aur quarner khaadi) donon mein bolly jaati haye. chhote samudaay lombardy (mantua), trentino, emilia-romagna (rimini aur forali), sardinia (arboria, teralba, urvarak), lezio (ponteen daldal), tuscany (grossetton marema) aur pahale romenia (tulsia) mein paae jaate hain.
yeh uttar aur dakshin america mein italvi pravasiyon key vanshajon dwara bhee bolly jaati haye. isake ullekhaniya udaaharan argentine aur brazil hain, vishesh roop seey saao paulo kaa shahar aur brazil key raajyon mein bolly jaane vaali talian bolly aspirito santo, saao paulo, paraana, riyo grande doo sul aur saanta catarina.
mexico mein, chipilo venesian bolly puebla raajya aur chipilo shahar mein bolly jaati haye. shahar koo venetto kshetra key pravasiyon dwara basaaya gayaa thaa, aur unake kuchh vanshajon ney aaj taka bhasha koo sanrakshit kiya haye. chipilo key loga mexico mein upgrah upanivesh banaane key liye aage badhe hain, vishesh roop seey guanazuato, queretaro aur mexico raajya mein. veniswasi bhee veracruz raajya mein jeevit reh gaye hain, jahan 19veen shatabdi key anta seey anya italvi pravaasi buss gaye hain. chipilo key loga apani bolly koo sanrakshit karate hain aur ise kahate hain, aur yeh 19veen shatabdi seey ack prakaar key roop mein sanrakshit haye. () dwara bolly jaane vaali vanician kaa sanskaran uttari travission-feltrin-belumet haye.
2009 mein, riyo grande dou sul raajya mein brazil key shahar serafina correa ney purtagaali key saath talian koo ack sanyukt aadhikarik darja diyaa. 20veen shatabdi key madhya taka, vanician koo greek dweep corfu parr bhee bolly jaati thee, joe lambe samay seey venis ganarajya key shasson key tahat thaa. isake alawa, vanician koo aayani dweepon mein seey ack, cephalonia kii aabaadi key ack badey anupaat dwara apanaaya gayaa thaa, kyonki dweep lagbhag teen shataabdiyon seey vanician kaa hissa thaa.
vargeekaran.
vanician ack romans bhasha haye aur iss prakaar ashleel lattin seey utarati haye. iska vargeekaran hamesha vivadaspad rhaa haih udaaharan key liye, taglivini key anusaar, yeh italo-dalmatian bhaashaon mein seey ack haye aur ack or istriyat aur doosari or tuscan-itellion seey sabse adhik nikatata seey sambandhit haye. kuchh lekhakon ney ise gallo-aitik bhaashaon mein shamil kiya haye, aur anya key anusaar, yeh kissy ack seey sambandhit naheen haye. halanki nasleeya aur glotolog samooh vanician donon gallo-aitik bhaashaon mein, bhashavid giacomo devoto aur franco avolio aur trekkani vishvakosh gallo-aitik vargeekaran koo aswikar karate hain.
haalaanki bhasha kshetra gallo-aitik bhaashaon seey ghiraa huaa haye, venis inn tatkaal padosiyon key saath kuchh lakshan saajha naheen kartaa haye. kuchh vidwan venis kii visheshtaon mein gallo-aitik lakshnon () kii kamee yaa gallo-romans bhaashaon (jaise kii) mein aage paae jaane vaale lakshnon parr jore dete hain.jee. french, franco-provensal) yaa reto-romans bhaashaaen (ee.jee. freulian, romanash). udaaharan key liye, vanician swar goal yaa anunasikkaran seey naheen gujarta thaa, palaatalaaiz naheen kartaa thaa aur naa hii badhate dipthong vikasit kartaa thaa aur, aur yeh antim aksharon koo sanrakshit kartaa thaa, jabaki, jaisa kii italvi mein, vanician depthongisation aitihaasik roop seey khule aksharon mein hotaa haye. doosari or, vanician apane aspas kii gallo-aitik bhaashaon key saath kaee anya lakshnon koo saajha kartaa haye, jaise kii poochtaachh clitic, anivarya tanaavheen vishay sarvanam (kuchh apvaadon key saath), nirantar pahalu koo vyakt karane key liye maukhik nirmaan key peechhe honah ("ell zei drio manjar" = vaha khaa rhaa haye, shaabdik roop seey. vaha khaane key liye peechhe haye) aur poorna bhootkaal key saath-saath ratna vyanjanon kii anupasthiti. isake alawa, vanician mein kuchh advitiya lakshan hain joe naa tou gallo-italic, aur naa hii italo-dalmatian bhaashaon dwara saajha kiye jaate hain, jaise kii avaiyaktik nishkriya roopon kaa upayog aur prativartit aavaaj (donon lakshan german key saath saajha kiye gaye) key liye sahayak kriya "haye" kaa upayog.
aadhunik venetian roman vistaar seey pahale venetto mein bolly jaane vaali vilupt venetic bhasha kaa karibi rishtedaar naheen haye, halanki donon indo-europeeya hain, aur venetic ack itailik bhasha hoe sakati haye, jaise lattin, venetian aur itali kii adhikansh anya bhaashaon kaa poorvaj. pahale key venetic logon ney shahar aur kshetra koo apana naam diyaa, yahee kaaran haye kii aadhunik bhasha kaa naam bhee aisaa hii haye.
kshetriya roop.
venis bhasha kii mukhya kshetriya kismein aur upa-kismenh
yeye sabhi prakaar parasparik roop seey samajhane yogya hain, jinamen sabse alag honey vaale (madhya aur paschimi) mein nyuntam 92 pratishat samaan hain. aadhunik vaktaa kathit taur parr abhee bhee 14veen shatabdi key venis granthon koo kuchh hudd taka samajh sakate hain.
anya ullekhaniya roop hainh
vyaakaran.
adhikansh romans bhaashaon kii tarah, vanician ney jyaadaatar lattin cases system koo chhod diyaa haye, purvadhaaranaaon aur adhik kathor vishay-kriya-vastu vaakya sanrachana key paksh mein. iss prakaar yeh adhik vishleshanatmak hoe gayaa haye, yadi angreji key roop mein kaafee naheen. vanician mein nishchit (lattin pradarshan seey vyutpann) aur anishchit (ank seey vyutpann) donon tarah key romans lekh bhee hain.
vanician ney ling (mardana aur stree) aur sankhya (ekvachan aur bahuvachan) kii lattin avadhaaranaon koo bhee barkarar rakhaa. gallo-iberian bhaashaon key vipareet, joe "-s" jodkar bahuvachan banaati hain, vanician maanak italvi key samaan tareeke seey bahuvachan banaati hain. sangyaon aur visheshanon koo pratyay dwara sanshodhit kiya jaa sakata haye joe aakar, antardrishti, avamoolyan aadi jaise kaee gunon koo ingit karate hain. visheshan (aamtaur parr postfixed) aur lekh ling aur sankhya mein sangya key saath sahmat honey key liye parivartit kiye jaate hain, lekin yeh ullekh karna mahatvapurna haye kii pratyay koo hataa diyaa jaa sakata haye kyonki lekh vaha hissa haye joe sankhya kaa sujhaav detaa haye. haalaanki, italvi venis bhasha koo prabhaavit curr rhaa haih
venetto mein vanician roopon parr haal key adhyayanon mein, tathaakathit "evencent ell" koo likhane kii pravritti rahee haye. jabaki yeh nausikhiya vaktaaon kii madad curr sakata haye, vanician koo iss patra key saath kabhi naheen likhaa gayaa thaa. iss lekh mein, iss prateek kaa upayog kewal venesian bhasha kii venetto boliyon mein kiya gayaa haye. yeh jaanana paryaapt hoga kii vanician bhasha mein shabd-praarambhik aur antar-mukhar sthitiyon mein akshar l aamtaur parr ack "pailtal allomorph" bunn jaataa haye, aur mushkil seey uchchaaran kiya jaataa haye.
aisaa lagata haye kii vartamaan venetian mein koee deshi venetic shabd naheen bache hain, lekin aakriti vigyaan mein kuchh nishan bache hoe sakate hain, jaise kii morphim-"esto"/"esto"/"isto" joe pichhale pratibhaagi key liye haye, joe lagbhag 500 eesaa poorv key venetic shilalekhon mein paaya jaa sakata haih
anaavashyak vishay sarvanam.
vanician vyaakaran kii ack visheshta ack "ardh-vishleshanatmak" maukhik flection haye, jisamen kaee vaakyon mein kriya seey pahale ack anivarya "clitic vishay sarvanam" hotaa haye, jisamen vishay koo ack anta yaa ack kamjor sarvanam key roop mein pratidhwanit kiya jaataa haye. swatantra/prabal sarvanam (ee.jee. ), isake vipareet, vaikalpik hain. clitic vishay sarvanam () kaa upayog dusare aur teesare vyakti ekvachan key saath aur teesare vyakti bahuvachan key saath kiya jaataa haye. yeh visheshta iss tathya key liye ack muaavaje key roop mein utpann hoe sakati haye kii adhikansh kriyaon key liye dusare aur teesare vyakti key prabhaav, joe abhee bhee italvi aur kaee anya romans bhaashaon mein alag hain, venis mein samaan hain.
peedmonti bhasha mein bhee clitic vishay sarvanam hain, lekin niyam kuchh alag hain. clitic kaa kaary vishesh roop seey lambe vaakyon mein dikhaai detaa haye, jisamen hamesha spasht swar viram naheen hotey hain taaki "chillaate hue soochak" key saath twarit aadeshon mein aasaani seey swar aur anivarya koo alag kiya jaa sakey. udaaharan key liye, venis mein clitic soochak kriya aur isake mardana ekvachan vishay koo chihnit kartaa haye, anyatha ack shabd seey pahale ack anivaaryata hoti haye. halanki kuchh vyaakaran inn clitic koo "anaavashyak" maanate hain, way vaastav mein vishisht atirikt jaankaari pradaan karate hain kyonki way sankhya aur ling koo chihnit karate hain, iss prakaar vishay (oun) aur kriya key beach sankhya/ling-samjhauta pradaan karate hain, joe aavashyak roop seey iss jaankaari koo isake anta mein naheen dikhaata haye.
poochtaachh kaa antarveshan.
vanician mein ack vishesh "poochtaachh" maukhik flection bhee haye jiska upayog seedhe prashnon key liye kiya jaataa haye, jisamen ack anaavashyak sarvanam bhee shamil haih
sahayak kriyaaen.
reflexive kaal sahayak kriya ("honah") kaa upayog karate hain, jaisa kii angreji mein, uttar german bhaashaon, catalan, spanish, roman aur napolitan; ("honah") key bajaay, joe italvi mein samanya hoga. itailiyan key vipareet, ateet kaa sahabhaagi aparivartaniya haih
nirantar kaarravaai.
bhasha kii ack aur visheshta nirantar kaarravaai koo ingit karane key liye vakyansh (shaabdik roop seey, "peechhe rehna") kaa upayog haih
kuchh venis boliyon mein ack anya pragatisheel roop nirmaan (shaabdik roop seey) kaa upayog kartaa haye. "vahaan honah"):
pragatisheel kaal kaa upayog italvi kii tulanaa mein adhik vyaapak haye; ee.jee.
yeh nirmaan italvi mein naheen hotaa haih "gair sareb abhrak stato parlandoti" vakyatmak roop seey maanya naheen haye.
adheenasth khand.
adheenasth khandon mein dohri parichay haye ("jise vaha", "jaba vaha", joe "vaha", "kaise vaha"), jaisa kii purani angreji mein haih
anya romans bhaashaon kii tarah, adheenasth khandon mein upang manodasha kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye.
dhvanivigyaan.
vyanjan.
venis kii kuchh boliyon mein kuchh dhwaniyaan hoti hain joe italvi mein maujood naheen hoti hain, jaise kii antar-maukhik swarheen fricative, aksar "cheez" aur "vichaar" mein angreji "th" key samaan likhaa jaataa haye. yeh dhwani hoti haye, udaaharan key liye, ("ratribhoj", bhee likhaa gayaa haye), jise castillion spanish (jiska samaan arth haye) key roop mein uchchaaran kiya jaataa haye. dhwaniheen antah dant fricative beluni, uttar-travison, aur padua, vicenza aur nadee key muhaane key aspas key kuchh madhya vanician graameen kshetron mein hotaa haye.
kyonki uchchaaran sanskaran pramukh shaharon key baahar rahane vaale puraane vaktaaon aur vaktaaon key liye adhik vishisht haye, yeh samajik roop seey kalankit hoe gayaa haye, aur adhikansh vaktaa abb iska upayog karate hain yaa isake bajaay. uchchaaran vaali una boliyon mein, dhwani samanya key saath ack saath gir gaee haye, aur isaliye yaa (jaise) key bajaay (yaa swaron key beach) likhana asamanya naheen haye.
isi tarah venis kii kuchh boliyon mein bhee ack swar antar-dant fricative hotaa haye, jise aksar likhaa jaataa haye (jaisa kii 'vaha rotaa haye'); lekin adhikansh boliyon mein iss dhwani koo abb yaa tou (italvi "voyce-za") key roop mein yaa adhik aam taur parr (italvi "voyce-aiss", likhaa jaataa haye, jaisa kii likhaa jaataa haye) key roop mein uchchaaran kiya jaataa haye; kuchh boliyon mein dhwani key roop mein dikhaai detee haye aur isaliye isake bajaay akshar key saath likhi jaa sakati haye, jaisa kii likhaa jaataa haye.
venis kii kuchh kismein bhee ack sadharan banaam mein antar karati hain. ack kamjor yaa ksheen ("avancent"), joe kuchh vartani maandandon mein akshar key saath ingit kiya jaataa haye yaa; adhik roodhivaadi boliyon mein, halanki, donon aur samanya key roop mein vilay kiye jaate hain. 
una boliyon mein jinamen donon prakaar hain, λ-λ kaa sateek dhvanyaatmak bodh isake dhvanyaatmak vatavaran aur vaktaa kii bolly donon parr nirbhar kartaa haye. venis aur isaki mukhya bhoomi key saath-saath adhikansh kendriya venetto (verona, beluno aur lagoon key kuchh dweepon key paridhiya praanton koo chhodkar) mein anubhooti ack gair-akshar haye (aamtaur parr lagbhag "ee" key roop mein varnit aur aksar key roop mein vartani), jaba yeh (kewal) peechhe key swaron (), banaam. ack shoonya bodh jaba ack saamane key swar () key nikat hotaa haye.
aage antardeshiya boliyon mein aanshik roop seey mukhar key roop mein mahsoos kiya jaa sakata haye. iss prakaar, udaaharan key liye, 'gondola', yaa, kii tarah lugg sakata haye. boliyon mein antar-gaayan kaa shoonya bodh hotaa haye, halanki "school" aur "jhaadoo" jaise shabdon key jode samroop hotey hain (donon kaa uchchaaran kiya jaa rhaa haye), way abhee bhee arthographic roop seey pratishthit hain.
spanish kii tarah vanician mein bhee maanak italvi, tuscan, napolitan aur dakshini itali kii anya bhaashaon kii visheshta vaale ratna vyanjan naheen hain; iss prakaar itailiyan (slies), (gend) aur (kalam) vanician mein hain. italvi mein "-oh"/"-ee" key anuroop mardana ekvachan sangya kaa anta, aksar nirantarta key baad venesian mein apr uchchaaran kiya jaataa haye, vishesh roop seey graameen kismon menh itailiyan ("poorna") venesian, itailiyan seey venesian key anuroop haye. antim swaron koo hataane kii seema bolly key anusaar bhinn hoti haih madhya-dakshini kismein kewal usake baad swaron koo hataati hain, jabaki uttari kismein bhee dunt viram aur weller key baad swaron koo hataa detee hain; purvi aur paschimi kismein inn dou charam seemaon key beach mein hoti hain.
weller anunaasik (angreji mein antim dhwani "geet") aksar venis mein hoti haye. ack shabd-antim hamesha valerised hotaa haye, joe vishesh roop seey kaee sthaaniya venis upnaamon key uchchaaran mein spasht haye joe anta mein hotey hain, jaise kii "marrin aur" mainin, saath hii saath samanya venis shabdon jaise ("haath"), ("kaante"). isake alawa, vanician hamesha vyanjan samoohon mein upayog kartaa haye joe naak seey shuru hotey hain, jabaki itailiyan kewal weller key rukane seey pahale upayog kartaa haih ee.jee. "gaanaa," "sardi", "abhishek karna," "saamana karna.
italvi bolane vaalon mein aam taur parr iss dhwani kii kamee hoti haye aur aamtaur parr antim venesian key liye ack dunt chikitsa kaa vikalp hotaa haye, udaaharan key liye aur mein.
swar.
ack uchchaaran "á" koo [] key roop mein uchchaaran kiya jaataa haye, (ack antar-dhwanik// koo [] dhwani key roop mein uchchaaran kiya jaa sakata haye).
prosody.
jabaki likhit vanician italvi key samaan dikhta haye, yeh bahut alag lagata haye, ack alag lilliting cadence key saath, lagbhag sangeetmay. italvi kii tulanaa mein, vanician shabdansh mein lay adhik samaan roop seey samaybaddh hoti haye, lahaje cumm chihnit hotey hain, lekin doosari or tonal modulan bahut vyaapak hotaa haye aur madhur vakr adhik jatil hotey hain. tanaavgrast aur tanaavheen shabdansh lagbhag samaan dhwani dete hain; koee lambe swar naheen hain, aur koee vyanjan lamba naheen haye. italvi vaakya "usake saath vahaan jaao" (sabhi lambe/bhaari akshar lekin antim) kii tulanaa vanician (sabhi chhote/halke akshar) seey karein.
vyutpatti sambandhi shabdakosh kaa namuna lein.
kshetriya bolly jaane vaali lattin key pratyaksh vansh key roop mein, vanician shabdakosh apani shabdawali koo kaafee hudd taka lattin seey aur (haal key dinon mein) tuscan seey praapt kartaa haye, taaki isake adhikansh shabd italvi key sambandhit shabdon key saath sangyanatmak houn. vanician mein halanki anya sroton (jaise greek, gothic aur german) seey praapt kaee shabd shamil hain, aur kuchh lattin shabd sanrakshit kiye gaye hain joe italvi mein samaan hudd taka upayog naheen kiye gaye hain, jisake parinamswarup kaee shabd hain joe italvi mein apane samkaksh shabdon key saath sangyanatmak naheen hain, jaise kih
vartani pranali.
paaramparik pranali.
vanician mein ack aadhikarik lekhan pranali naheen haye, lekin yeh paaramparik roop seey lattin lipi kaa upayog karke likhi jaati haye-kabhi-kabhi kuchh atirikt aksharon yaa diacritic key saath. inmein seey kuchh sammelanon kaa aadhar puraane vanician seey pataa lagaaya jaa sakata haye, jabaki anya vishuddh roop seey aadhunik navachar hain.
madhyayugeen granthon mein, puraane venis mein likhe gaye, akshar shamil hain, aur una dhwaniyon kaa pratinidhitva karate hain joe maujood naheen hain yaa jinka italvi mein ack alag vitaran haye. vishesh roop seh
haalaanki, madhyayugeen aur praarambhik aadhunik granthon mein aksharon kaa upayog poori tarah seey susangat naheen thaa. vishesh roop seey, anya uttari italvi bhaashaon kii tarah, aksharon aur aksar aavaaz aur aavaaz rahit donon dhwaniyon key liye ack dusare key sthaan parr upayog kiye jaate they. pahale key aur aadhunik uchchaaran key beach antar, aadhunik venis bhashi kshetra key bheetar uchchaaran mein bhinnata, italvi maandandon parr vartani key model key baare mein alag drishtikon, saath hii vyaktigat praathamiktaaen, jinamen seey kuchh upa-kshetriya pehchaan koo darshaati hain, sabhi ney ekal ekikrit vartani pranali koo apanaane mein baadha daali haye.
phir bhee, vyavhaar mein, adhikansh vartani paramparaaen italvi mein samaan hain. kuchh praarambhik aadhunik granthon mein akshar shabd-praarambhik sthiti taka seemit hoe jaataa haye, jaisa kii ("haye") mein, jahaan iska upayog apariharya thaa kyonki italvi vartani vahaan pratinidhitva naheen curr sakati thee. swaron key beach, aur key beach kaa antar samanya roop seey poorv key liye doguna aur uttaraardh key liye ekal dwara ingit kiya gayaa thaa. udaaharan key liye, iska upayog ("vaha/vaha chumban") kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa, jabaki pratinidhitva ("nimn") kiya jaataa thaa. (vyanjanon seey pahale aur key beach koee virodhabhas naheen haye, jaisa kii italvi mein haye, isaliye iss paristhiti mein hamesha ack ekal kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, yeh samajha jaa rhaa haye kii nimnalikhit vyanjan key saath aavaaj dene mein sahmat hoga. udaaharan key liye, kewal pratinidhitva kartaa haye, lekin pratinidhitva kartaa haye.)
paaramparik roop seey patra aspasht thaa, jisamen italvi mein samaan moolya they (donon mukhar aur mukhar). phir bhee, kuchh pustakon mein dou uchcharanon koo kabhi-kabhi (cumm seey cumm swaron key beach) doguna karke (yaa kuchh boliyon mein) ingit karane key liye, lekin (yaa,) key liye ack kaa upayog karke alag kiya jaataa haye.
haal key abhyaas mein, shabd-praarambhik key saath-saath antar-mukhar sandarbhon mein pratinidhitva karane kaa upayog teji seey aam hoe gayaa haye, lekin aavaaj banaam pratinidhitva key liye koee poori tarah seey samaan parampara saamane naheen aaee haye. dhwaniheen affricates (yaa interdental fricketives), halanki upayog karane key liye ack vaapsee aur vichaar key tahat ack vikalp banaa huaa haye.
swar dhwaniyon kii vartani key sambandh mein, kyonki vanician mein, jaisa kii italvi mein, tanaavheen aksharon mein kaal aur shithil swaron key beach koee virodhabhas naheen haye, orthographic kabr aur teevra lahaje kaa upayog ack hii samay mein tanaav aur swar gunavatta donon koo chihnit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haih "aeye", "aeye", "aeye", "aeye", "ee", "oh", "yuu". vibhinn vartani sambandhi mandand thode alag niyam nirdhaarit karate hain jaba tanaavgrast swaron koo lahaje key saath likhaa jaanaa chaahiye yaa achihnit chhod diyaa jaanaa chaahiye, aur sabhi vaktaaon dwara koee bhee pranali sweekaar naheen kii gaee haye.
vanician vyanjan samooh (itailiyan mein maujood naheen) kii anumati detaa haye, joe kabhi-kabhi "i" yaa "e" seey pahale yaa anya swaron seey pahale likhaa jaataa haye. udaharanon mein shamil hain (italvi, "saaf karane key liye"), (, "spasht"), (, "bandook") aur (, "[aapka] sevak", "namaste", "alvida"). hyphen yaa apostrophy kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye kyonki sanyojan paaramparik roop seey dhwani key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye, jaisa kii italvi vartani mein hotaa haye; ee.jee. (, "murkhtapurna"); jabaki "aeye" seey pahale, "oh" aur "yuu" kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haih (, "boxes"), (, "chhipaane key liye"), (, "kshama karane key liye").
prastaavit pranaaliyan.
haal hii mein puraane aksharon kaa punah upayog karke script koo maankeekrit aur saral banaane key prayaas kiye gaye hain.jee. key liye aur ack key liye upayog karke; phir ack (" "[teesara vyakti ekvachan] chumban" ") aur (" "nimn" ") key liye likhega. kuchh lekhakon ney iska upayog jaari rakhaa haye yaa phir seey shuru kiya haye, lekin kewal tabhi jaba parinami shabd italvi vartani seey bahut alag naheen haih aadhunik venis lekhan mein, shabdon koo dhoondhana aasaan hotaa haye aur, aur, bhale hii yeye sabhi chaar shabd akshar dwara chihnit sthiti mein samaan dhvanyaatmak bhinnata pradarshit karate hain. ack anya halia parampara "soft" ell "key liye (puraane key sthaan parr) upayog karna haye, taaki bhasha key sabhi roopon key liye adhik ekikrit vartani kii anumati dee jaa sakey. haalaanki, apane saiddhaantik laabhon key bavjood, yeye prastaav akaadamik halakon key baahar bahut safal naheen rahey hain, kyonki uchchaaran mein kshetriya bhinnata aur maujooda saahitya key saath asangatata haye.
haal hii mein, 14 disambar, 2017 koo, venis kii vartani key aadhunik antarrashtriya manual koo 2010 key nae aayog dwara anumodit kiya gayaa thaa. iska anuvaad teen bhaashaon (italvi, venis aur angreji) mein kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh venis bhasha key pratyek akshar aur pratyek dhwani kaa udaaharan aur vyakhya kartaa haye. graphic uchchaaran aur viram chihn pranaliyon koo upsamhaar key roop mein jodaa jaataa haye. kull milakar, iss pranali koo pichhale logon seey bahut saral banaaya gayaa thaa taaki italvi aur videshi vaktaa donon koo venis kii vartani aur varnamala koo adhik seedhe tareeke seey seekhane aur samajhane kii anumati mill sakey.
chipilo key venis bolane vaale spanish vartani parr adharit ack pranali kaa upayog karate hain, bhale hii isamen aur key liye akshar naa houn. americi bhashavid carolin maike ney usa sanskaran key liye poori tarah seey italvi varnamala parr adharit ack lekhan pranali kaa prastaav rakhaa. haalaanki, yeh pranali bahut lokpriya naheen thee.
paathon kaa namuna lein.
ruzaante yuddh seey laut rhaa haye.
nimnalikhit namuna, padua kii purani bolly mein, ruzaante (angelo beolco) key ack naatak seey aataa haye, jiska sheershak haye ("yuddh key maidan seey aae ruzaante kaa samvaad", 1529). yuddh seey ghar laut rhaa ack kisan, apane dost koo abhee bhee jeevit honey parr apani raahat vyakt curr rhaa haih
nimnalikhit namuna 23 agast, 1797 koo perasto mein venis key kaptan giuseppe viskovic dwara diye gaye "perasto bhaashan" () seey liya gayaa haye, joe venis ganarajya key dhwaj koo antim baar neeche utaarane parr diyaa gayaa thaa (upnaam "sent maark kaa ganarajya").
franco artico.
nimnalikhit francisi artico kaa ack samkaaleen paath haye. bujurg kathakar apani yuvavastha key church gayakon koo yaad curr rhaa haye, jinhone aaj key gayakon kii tulanaa mein bahut behtar gaaya haye. 
(audio key saath poorna mool paath dekhein):
vividh.
diacritic patra key kaaran polish aur vanician key liye advitiya honey key kaaran, jisamen seey baad vaale koo microsoft aur apple jaise software nirmaataon dwara koee aadhikarik maanyata naheen haye, polish patrika computersviot ney nott kiya kii venis kshetra mein iphone aur khidakiyon parr polland key baahar polish keyboard settings kaa sabse adhik upayog hotaa haye, halanki vahee lekh ack gair-pratinidhi namoone mein paaya gayaa kii jaba keyboard key binaa patra kii aavashyakta hoti haye, tou kuchh vanician patra koo coppy karane key liye polish zloti yaa vinimay darr koo googal karate hain.
angreji mein vanician lexical niryaat.
kaee shabdon koo seedhe yaa italvi yaa french key madhyam seey angreji mein niryaat kiya gayaa thaa. neeche dee gaee soochi mein aayatit shabdon key kuchh udaaharan diye gaye hain, jisamen chhote oxford angreji shabdakosh key anusaar angreji mein pahali baar aaney kii tarikh haye.

