
caldera jwalamukhi

caldera jwalamukhi (purtagaalih Калеира) sabse oonchaa parvat, vishal samtaap jwalamukhi aur sabse badee bhoo-aakriti sanrachana haye joe fiyal dweep kaa nirmaan karati haye. parvat kaa sabse oonchaa bindu, cabeco gordo, samudra tala seey oopar taka pahunchata haye. iss jwalamukhi kii sabse ullekhaniya visheshtaon mein seey ack isaki dou kilometres chaudi caldera haye, joe crater rima key neeche gaharaai mein haye.
itihas.
riberinha jwalamukhi key paschimi kinare key saath, kendriya jwalamukhi parisar lagbhag 4,10,000 saal pahale banaa thaa, saath hii kaee sanrachanaaen joe vivartanik seey utpann huin. iss prakriya key sakshya koo nirvaah key kaaran sanrakshit naheen kiya gayaa haye, lekin aam taur parr yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii dou sanrachanaaen (ack oopari aur nichala samooh) lagbhag 16,000 saal pahale hui bhoo-rasayanik bhinnata koo darshaati hain. nichale samooh (4,10,000 saal pahale seey), ack havaiyan/strombolian visfot prakriya kii pradhaantaa seey chihnit thaa, joe basaltic aur benmoritic chattanon seey banaa thaa. maadhyamik, oopari samooh, ack atyadhik visfotak avadhi (charitra mein upa-plinion) thee, jisane pumis aur serge deposit (trachitic aur benmoritic key pyroclastic pravaah) key baarah jamaon kii ack shrinkhala kaa utpaadan kiya.
lagbhag 1000 saal pahale hue ack visfot key kaaran jwalamukhi kii oonchaai lagbhag cumm hoe gaee thee. yeh azores mein darj antim pramukh visfotak ghatnaaon mein seey ack thee.
halanki kendriya jwalamukhi pichhali dou shataabdiyon key bheetar sakriya naheen rhaa haye, lekin isane capellinhos (1957-58) key visfot seey sambandhit gatividhi dekhi haye. iss avadhi key dauran, caldera mein fumarol sakriya hoe gaye, aur chhoti jheelen/daldal atyadhik garmi seey sookh gaye.
jwalamukhi, apani kendriya prakriti key kaaran, dweep parr pratyek parrish kaa hissa haye (matridge, concio aur angustias koo chhodkar).
bhugol.
caldera jwalamukhi mukhya bhoo-aakriti sambandhi ikai haye, joe sheersh parr dou kilometres aur aadhar parr ack kilometres key polygenetic jwalamukhi key anuroop haye. crater rima kii deevaaren achaanak hain, halanki unaki dhalaanen oonchaai key saath badhati hain. jwalamukhi kaa satahi aavaran pyroclastic samagri seey dhakaa huaa haye, jaise kii pumis rock, fratic aur phretomagmatic jamaa, pyroclastic pravaah aur lahar key pramaan. samtaap jwalamukhi key kinaaron mein moro dee castello branco aur saghan samagri kaa praaydweep bhee shamil haye jisane ksharan kaa virodh kiya haye.

