
oxytania

ossitania (,,) paschimi aur dakshini europe kaa aitihaasik kshetra haye jahan ossitan bhasha aitihaasik roop seey bolly jaati thee aur jahan kabhi-kabhi iska upayog doosari bhasha key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. iss saanskritik kshetra mein motey taur parr france key dakshini tihai hisse (francisi bask desh aur francisi catalonia koo chhodkar) key saath-saath spen (araan ghaati), monaco aur itali key kuchh hisson (paschimi ghaatiyon) shamil hain. 
madhya yug seey ossitania koo ack bhashai aur saanskritik avadharana key roop mein maanyata dee gaee haye. yeh kshetra roman kaal mein "saat praanton" () key roop mein aur praarambhik madhya yug mein ("aquitanica" yaa tolus kaa vizigothic raajya, yaa 806 mein theonville "divicio regnorum" key baad pavitra lui kaa hissa) key roop mein ekjut thaa.
vartamaan mein, 200,000-800 key beach, 000 loga yaa tou mool yaa kushal ausitan bolane vaale hain, jisaki aabaadi 16 million haye. adhik aam taur parr, french, peedmonteej, catalan, spanish aur italvi bolly jaati hain. 2006 seey, ausitan bhasha catalonia mein ack aadhikarik bhasha rahee haye, jisamen araan ghaati shamil haye jahan ausitan ney 1990 mein aadhikarik darja praapt kiya thaa.
roman shasson key tahat, adhikansh ausitania koo aquitania key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa, pahale jeete gaye kshetron koo "provincia romana" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa (aadhunik provence dekhein), jabaki abb france key uttari praanton koo "gallia" (gaul) kahaa jaataa thaa. baad key samrajya key tahat, aquitania aur "provincia romana" donon koo saat praanton yaa viennensis mein samoohikrit kiya gayaa thaa. provence aur gallia aquitania (yaa "aquitanica") madhyayugeen kaal seey ausitania (i.ee. limosine, overn, langudoc aur gasconi).
aquitain key aitihaasik duchy koo aquitain naamak aadhunik francisi kshetra key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahieh yahee ack kaaran haye kii 19veen shatabdi key madhya mein "ausitania" shabd koo punarjeevit kiya gayaa thaa. ausitania" aur "ausitan bhasha" ("ausitan bhasha") naam lattin granthon mein 1242-1254 seey 1290 taka aur 14veen shatabdi kii shuruat key baad key varshon key dauran dikhaai diye; granth maujood hain jinamen iss kshetra koo apratyaksh roop seey "ausitan bhasha kaa desh" ("patria bhasha ausitan") key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. lenga dee 'oak naam kaa upayog 13veen shatabdi key anta mein daante dwara italvi ("lingua dee' oak") mein kiya gayaa thaa. ausitania" shabd kaa kuchh asamanya anta sambhavatah ack portmento francisi clerk seey huaa haye jisane "oh" aur "aquitania" gadhaa thaa, iss prakaar bhasha aur bhoomi koo kewal ack avadharana mein mishrit kiya.
28 sitambar 2016 koo, ausiteni ack prashaasnik kshetra kaa naam bunn gayaa joe middy-pyrenese aur langudoc-rucillon key kshetron key baad aaya.
yeh ausitania kaa ack chhota saa hissa haye.
bhaugolik vistaar.
ausitania kii seema upayog kiye gaye maandandon key anusaar bhinn hoe sakati haih
doosari or, koee bhee hamesha francisi bask desh aur catalan deshon (wall dee 'aaraan aur phenolheada) mein ausitan bolata haye, aur aantarik alophone enclave (poetevin-sentongi bhasha kaa payteat gavacherry, purvi provence key pracheen ligurian enclave, monaco key ardh-ligurian-ausitan enclave...). isase iss baat mein bhinnata aatee haye kii chhote aantarik yaa baahari antahkshetron koo dhyaan mein rakhaa jaataa haye yaa naheen. ack sannihit aur saghan pashch-bhashi kshetra kii paribhasha vartamaan mein sabse vyaapak haye.
uttari itali aur catalan desh bhee koine ausitan saahitya kaa upayog karke pareshaniyon key ghar they. isi tarah, bask desh aur aragon koo puraane yaa nae ausitan stand seey laabh huaa, jisane vishesh roop seey pyreni key dakshin mein ack ausitan bolly kii upasthiti koo janm diyaa. humm aadhikarik bhasha key roop mein ack oxyton lipi key aitihaasik upayog parr bhee dhyaan dey sakate hain.
madhya yug mein ack bhaugolik, bhashai aur saanskritik avadharana key aadhar parr ausiteni naam dikhaai diyaa, taaki francisi shaahi kshetra key usa hisse koo naamit kiya jaa sakey joe langue dee 'oh. see. bolata haye.
isaki vartamaan paribhasha parivartaniya haye. sabse aam upayog mein, ausitania usa kshetra koo nirdisht kartaa haye jahan ausitan aaj taka upayog kiya jaataa rhaa haye, 1876 aur 20 veen shatabdi key beach paribhaashit seemaon key bheetar. yadi paschimi bhasha aur sanskriti lagbhag hamesha isake saath judee hui haye, tou humm ack samanya itihas, ack jaatiya samooh, ack matribhoomi, ack logon yaa ack rashtra key sandarbh bhee paate hain. yeh jaanane key liye kii pashchadeshiya swayam koo kaise paribhaashit karate hain, pashchadeshiya bhasha mein pahala samajshastriya adhyayan 1976 mein shuru kiya gayaa thaa. sarvekshan seey pataa chalata haye kii pashchadeshiya vaastaviktaa koo 95 pratishat logon key liye "bhasha", "sanskriti" (94 pratishat), "ack samanya itihas" (69 pratishat), "ack jaatiya samooh" (50 pratishat), "ack rashtra" (20 pratishat) dwara paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. aadhunik pashchadeshiya bhashai kshetra dwara paribhaashit ausitania, vartamaan dakshini france key adhikansh hisse, paschimi peedmont kii alpine ghaatiyon, itali mein, spen mein wall dee 'aaraan aur monaco mein lagbhag 190,000 varg kilometres key kshetra mein faila huaa haye. 1999 mein isake lagbhag 15 million nivasi they, jinamen lagbhag 20 pratishat nivasi kshetra key baahar paida hue they aur lagbhag 20 pratishat mool nivasi joe chaley gaye they. doosari or, bhashai janganana key abhaav mein, humm kewal apoorna roop seey oxyton bolane vaalon kii sankhya jaanate hain.
yadi poorvavarti dhaaranaaen aam taur parr paschimi kii aadhunik bhashai seemaon taka seemit hain, tou iss shabd kaa upayog ack badey kshetra koo nirdisht karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. ausitania" shabd vaigyaanikon kii shabdawali mein adhik seey adhik aam hoe jaataa haye. iska upayog vishesh roop seey aitihaasik arthon aur maanav vigyaan mein samkaaleen bhashai seemaon kii andekhi karate hue uttar seey loyer taka faile kshetra koo naamit karke kiya jaataa haye. madhyayugeen itihas key visheshagyon dwara likhi gaee ack pustak mein, varsh 1000 key ausitania mein uttar key praant (abb mukhya roop seey poito-charent mein) aur catalonia (belleric dweepon aur valentian desh key binaa)-pee shamil hain. 484 ". saat-nukila taaraa, jise felibridge dwara prateek key roop mein apanaaya gayaa thaa, ossitania key saat praanton kaa prateek thaa, jinamen seey ack catalan thaa. ausiteni vaastav mein iss sangh dwara saat rakharkhaav (khandon) mein vibhajit haye jinamen seey ack catalonia-rucillan kaa thaa.
2016 mein, "ausiteni" naam kaa upayog francisi prashaasnik kshetra langudoc-rucillon-middy-pyrenese key liye kiya jaataa haye joe paaramparik ausitania key hisse mein sthit haye aur isamen rucillon shamil haye.
toponomy.
"ausitania" madhyayugeen lattin "ausitania" seey aataa haye. naam kaa pahala bhaag, "oh. see.-", oh. see. "oh. see" seey aataa haye aur abhivyakti "langue dee 'oh. see", italvi "lingua dee' oh. see" mein haye. yeh puraane ausitan-catalan mein "haan" kahane key madhyam seey ausitan key daante alighiyari dwara prachaarit ack appeal haye; jaisa kii "langue dee see" (italvi) aur "langue dee 'oil" (purani francisi) key vipareet haye. anta mein "-itania" shayed "[aek] itania" (aquitain) naam kii nakal haye. ossitania shabd madhya yug mein langudoc aur bhoomadhyasagariya tata kaa paryaay haye.
francisi mein "ausitania" key upayog kaa pahala pramanan 1556 seey haye. itali mein "ausitania" kaa pahala pramaan patra 1549 mein haye. german mein, ausitania shabd 1572 mein paaya gayaa thaa.
sabhi paschimi bhasha deshon koo poore itihas mein vibhinn padnam praapt hue hain. ausitania" shabd sanaki vyutpattiyon kaa vishay rhaa haye (udaaharan key liye, langudoc koo pahale "goth kii bhoomi" yaa "goth kii bhasha" key roop mein samajha jaataa thaa), saath hii saath kshetron key naamon mein udaaharan key roop mein ausitan bhasha key saath mell-jole, humm "laa minerve frankage" mein paate hain, joe 1818 mein peris mein prakaashit ack saamoohik kaary haye, praanton key naam-parivartan kaa itihas joe ausitania shabd koo nichale samrajya mein baney shabd ausident kaa dohra honey kaa khulasa kartaa haye, joe ise "paschimi kshetron" kaa mool arth detaa haye, naa kii ack aisaa kshetra jahaan (aavashyak roop seey) ausitan bhasha bolly jaati thee.
ausitan bhasha kii tarah, ausitania koo vibhinn kramik naamon key tahat naamit kiya gayaa haye. yeye shabd ananya naheen hainh aise lekhak mill sakate hain joe ack hii samay avadhi mein alag-alag shabdon kaa upayog karate hain. "ausitania" yaa "pays dee 'oh. see" aaj sabse adhik upayog kiye jaane vaale shabd hain. haalaanki "provence" shabd kaa upayog abhee bhee taba kiya jaataa haye jaba felibridge kopa saanta gaate hain udaaharan key liye "estello key vaarshik utsav" key dauran.
ausitania" shabd abb ack bhashai kshetra koo shamil kartaa haye. iss arth kaa upayog madhyayugeen kaal mein 1290 seey pramaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 29 maee 1308 koo, poetiers kii parishad key dauran, aisaa prateet hotaa haye kii france key raajaa koo dou rashtron parr shasson karane key liye ghoshit kiya gayaa thaah ack "lingua galica" aur doosara lingua ausitana kaa. gallo-roman kshetra mein oxyton bhasha aur langue dee 'aail key beach yeh vibhajan bahut pracheen haye kyonki yeh romankaran key saath shuru huaa thaa. 1381 mein, france key raajaa charles VI ney maanaa kii unake raajya mein dou bhaag shamil hainh langue dee 'oak, yaa ausitania kaa desh, aur tail-bhasha desh yaa oytani "nostro regno mein kwas occupair solbar taam inn lingway ausitene kwam oyataane". "1789 kii francisi kranti taka prashaasan mein "ausitania" lagu rhaa. ise 19veen shatabdi mein saahityik sangathan dwara phir seey liya gayaa thaa, phir 20veen shatabdi seey, vishesh roop seey 1960 key dashak key anta seey, iska phir seey daavaa kiya jaataa haye. fredrick mistral key shabdakosh "treasury off felibridge" key anusaar, ausitania shabd kaa upayog kabhi-kabhi vidvaanon dwara samanya roop seey dakshini france kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye, lekin mukhya roop seey languedock key poorv praant key liye.
ausitania avadharana kii itihas rachana.
langue dee 'oak" ack kshetriya bhasha haye, jiska arth haye, mukhya roop seey ack aise kshetra mein bolly jaati haye jisaki seemaon kaa varnan kiya jaa sakata haye. yeh bhaag pashchadeshiya avadharana kii utpatti, iss kshetra ney joe vibhinn naam liye hain aur pashchadeshiya kii aadhunik avadharana key nirmaan kaa varnan karane kaa prayaas kartaa haye.
adhyayan kaa ack anootha uddeshyah dee 'oc sanskriti.
oxyton bhasha bolane vaale apani bhasha key ack bhee arth kaa upayog naheen karate hain kyonki oxyton ack akhand bhasha naheen haye, udaaharan key liye ack ekal shabdakosh haye jahan pratyek vaktaa koo apani shabdawali milati haye, lekin boliyon kaa ack sanyojan hotaa haye. isake alawa, kaee adhyayanon ney provensal, langudoc aadi key beach key antar parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye. hamein paschimi saanskritik kshetra kii kaee samanya visheshtaon koo bhee yaad rakhna chaahiye, jinhen aam taur parr pakshapaatpurna maanaa jaataa haye.
ack samaan sanskriti kii chetna.
robbert lafont ney iss vichaar koo "itihas aur oxyton saahitya key sankalan" kii shuruat mein vikasit kiya. pareshaniyon kaa sandarbh aavashyak haye. iss samajik-bhashai tark koo lekhakon key anusaar sanshodhit kiya gayaa haye, lekin ise sabhi vartamaan vidvaanon dwara sweekaar kiya jaataa haye, jisamen way lekhak bhee shamil hain joe "domen dee 'oh. see." kii baat karate hain, kyonki paribhasha key anusaar, dee' oh. see. domen kaa unakaa adhyayan ack samanya sanskriti key astitva kii chetna parr adharit haye.
antar-samajh.
bhasha key vibhinn vaktaa kaee samanya lakshnon (tonic uchchaaran, nikat shabdawali, upang kaa baar-baar upayog, aadi) koo saajha karate hain.) joe aapsi samajh kii anumati detaa haye. pashchaadbhuvaadiyon key liye, iss antar-samajh kaa arth haye kii pashchaadabhu ack bhasha haye; dusaron key liye, iska arth haye kii yeye bhaashaaen bahut karib hain lekin sabhi iss baat seey sahmat hain kii iss paribhaashit sthaan mein bolane vaale ack-dusare koo samajhate hain.
samanya samajik visheshataaen.
ausitania kii samajik visheshtaen shashwat aur amoort naheen hain kyonki antarjan utparivartan aur europeeya prabhaavon key kaarak, vishesh roop seey uttari france, inn samajik vishishtataon koo dhundhala curr sakate hain.
sabse achchha adhyayan kiya gayaa udaaharan roman kaanoon kaa haye joe uttari france kii tulanaa mein paschimi praarambhik madhya yug key samaaj mein behtar roop seey banaae rakhaa gayaa haye, kyonki vizigoth aur bergandian kaanoonon kii ghoshana kii gaee haye. 11veen shatabdi key madhya seey, tolus, montpellier, avignon, parpignan vishvavidyalayon mein bologna key turant baad corpus nyaypalika sabhyata kaa shikshan liya gayaa... yeh ausitania mein roman kaanoon key badey paimaane parr punarjagaran koo badhaava dega.
shiksha key sambandh menh piyare gaubert aur daniel roche likhate hain, 18veen shatabdi mein ausitania mein cumm saksharta kii vyakhya karane key liye, kii inn kshetron mein purani ashleel bhaashaon mein vishvaas banaa huaa haye. uttari aur dakshini france key beach shiksha key sambandh aaj poori tarah seey vipareet hain, kyonki parivaar key tanaav kii manavshastriya chhaap haye.
jansankhyikiya drishtikon seey, parivaar kaa prabhaav abhee bhee 2007 mein mahsoos kiya gayaa thaa kyonki kaee bachchon vaale parivaaron kii sankhya cumm thee.
rajneeti mein, morris agulhone dwara gadhaa gayaa "redd sadarn" abhivyakti key aspas bhee kaee bahasen hui hain taaki yeh pataa lagaaya jaa sakey kii kyaa "pays dee 'oak" france key uttari aadhe hisse kii tulanaa mein adhik "ganarajya" thaa. 2012 key rashtrapati chunaavon mein khud koo "republican" bataate hue, jeane-look melenchon koo vote dene vaale kshetron kaa vishleshan karate hue, emmanuel bachcha ghoshana kartaa haye kii "joe spasht haye vaha oxyton parivaar mein uska samanya shilalekh haye...] joe urdhvaadhar sanrachanaon, raajya yaa church seey pyaar kartaa haye."
anta mein, andre armengoud key liye, yeye samanya samajik visheshtaen ack aitihaasik sanshleshan likhana sambhav banaati hain. lekin 1979 key baad seey, koee anya "ausitan kaa itihas" naheen kiya gayaa haye.
ausitania kii aadhunik avadharana kii upasthiti.
yadi 16veen shatabdi key madhya seey french mein ausitania shabd dikhaai detaa haye, tou 1732 mein pracheen shasson key kaanoonon key sangrah mein, yeh kewal 19veen shatabdi mein vartamaan hoe jaataa haye. iss prakaar, angolem key duke ney punarsthapana key samay ausitania key raajya yaa ausitania key upa-shaahi kii sthaapana key drishtikon seey sajish rachee. iss shabd koo renoard aur rochegude key prakashanon dwara lokpriya banaaya gayaa thaa, aur ise apane samkaaleen arthon mein angreji itihaaskaar sheron turner dwara jaanaa jaataa thaa.
yeh "felibridge key khajaane" mein aur 1911 mein iss sangathan key kaanoonon mein dikhaai diyaa. yuddh key beach kii avadhi mein, ack felibrigan school, "escola ausitana" 1919 mein tolusion languedock mein banaaya gayaa thaa. ausitan adhyayan sansthaan kaa janm 1930 mein huaa thaa. yeye pahal (saath hii anya) nikatata seey judee hui hain, vishesh roop seey felibridge mein unake mukhya animators kii dohri sadasyata key kaaran.
dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, oxyton adhyayan sansthaan key nirmaan kii adhyakshata ack pratirodhi dwara kii gaee thee (aise samay mein jaba aiss. ee. oh. jaise felibridge sahyog key mukdamon seey dooshit they), lekin sabse badhkar bhashai sudhaar key sandarbh mein isaki kaarravaai, vishesh roop seey shaastriya mandand koo siddh karane key liye anukoolit karane kii isaki ichcha, 1959 mein pahale spasht roop seey oxyton rashtravadi party kaa gathan karane vaale felibrit francois fontan key ack badey hisse key saath ack viram koo chihnit kartaa haye.
france mein, ausitania 1992 seey ausitan kii maanyata kii samasya kaa saamana curr rhaa haye; francisi ekmatra "ganarajya kii bhasha" haye. 1994 mein, ise saarvajanik sthaan (vanijya aur kaary sthal, saarvajanik parivahan aadi) mein anivarya curr diyaa gayaa thaa.) aur prashaasan mein (kaanoon, vinium, dastavej, nirnay, aadi).).
2015 mein, "middy-pyrenese" aur "langudoc-rucillon" koo ikattha karane vaale ack badey kshetra key nirmaan kii sambhavana key saath, kshetriya press dwara aayojit ack online sarvekshan key sheersh parr "ausitani" naam aaya (200,000 matdan kaa 23 pratishat, "ausitani-bhugtan catalan" 20 pratishat key saamane). haalaanki, matdaataon kii bhaugolik utpatti key aadhar parr ack parivartaniya samarthan darr parr dhyaan dein. kshetriya sudhaar key hisse key roop mein, kshetriya parishad langudoc-rucillon-middy-pirenis dwara aayojit kshetra key naam parr ack paramarsh vasant 2016 mein huaa, taaki nae kshetra koo middy-pirenis aur langudoc-rucillon koo phir seey sangathit karane key liye ack naam diyaa jaa sakey. oh. see. tii. aeye. 91,598 matdaataon key saath pahale sthaan parr rhaa (44.90% vote). dusare sthaan parr 17.81% maton key saath langudoc-pyrine, phir pyrine-bhoomadhyasagariya (15.31%), ausiteni-catalan desh (12.15%) aur anta mein langudoc (10.01%) they. 24 juuna 2016 koo kshetriya parshadon key vote key anusaar aur france kii sarkaar aur concil dee 'attat dwara antim satyapan key baad iss nae kshetra kaa naam badalkar "ausiteni" (upasheershak "pyrenese-mediterranian" key saath) curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
ausitania aur catalonia key beach kaa antar.
10veen aur 13veen shatabdi key beach aitihaasik aur raajneetik nirbhartaon key bavjood, jisake kaaran antatah madhya yug key dauran ack samanya paschimi-kaithal saanskritik vatavaran kaa nirmaan huaa, naa tou catalonia kii riyasat aur naa hii catalan desh kabhi bhee paschimi kaa hissa rahey hain. isake vipareet, 11veen shatabdi seey langudoc aur provence key paschimi kshetron kii or catalan vistaar (samanti kuleenata key parivarik sambandhon key madhyam seey) ney barcelona aur tolus key countal rajvanshon key beach ack deerghakaalik takraav koo janm diyaa, lekin anta mein unhein 13veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein france aur pope dwara prachaarit cather dharmayuddh key khilaf gathbandhan karna padaa. murate kii ladaai (1213) aur usake baad kii corbell kii sandhi (1258) key parinamswarup hui badee haar ney ausitania mein catalan prabhaav key nuksan aur isake kramik pratisthaapan koo french rajvansh dwara house off capet dwara pushti kii.
bhashai lagaav aur nikatata key sambandh mein, kuchh praarambhik romans-bhasha vidvaanon dwara unhein ack hii bhasha maane jaane key baad, catalan buddhijiviyon (unamen pompeu fabra aur johnn coromine shamil hain) ney 1934 key ghoshanapatra mein gambhirta seey ghoshana kii kii catalan paschimi seey ack alag bhasha thee, jaisa kii vartamaan vaigyaanik bhashavigyan kii aam sahamati seey sthaapit huaa haye.
isake alawa, catalonia kii sansad ney 2015 mein araan ghaati kii "rashtriya pehchaan" koo maanyata dene vaalaa ack kaanoon paarit kiya, jise catalan rashtra key alawa ack "paschimi rashtriya vaastaviktaa" key roop mein samajha jaataa haye.
bhugol.
ausitania mein nimnalikhit kshetra shamil hainh
ausitan yaa langue dee 'oak ("lenga dee' oak") spanish, italvi yaa french kii tarah ack lattin-adharit romans bhasha haye. chhah mukhya kshetriya kismein hain, jinamen seey aasaan antar-samajh haih provensal (nice key aspas bolly jaane vaali nicard sahit), vivaroalpenk, overnhat, lemosine, gascon (baarn mein bolly jaane vaali bearn sahit) aur langadosian. pashchadeshiya bhasha kii yeye sabhi kismein likhit aur maanya hain. maanak ausitan ack sanshleshan haye joe naram kshetriya anukoolan kaa sammaan kartaa haye.
catalan ack aisee bhasha haye joe ausitan key samaan haye aur ausitania aur catalonia key beach kaafee majboot aitihaasik aur saanskritik sambandh hain.
aitihaasik kshetra.
pracheen shasson key kshetra joe ausitania koo banaate hain way nimnalikhit hainh overney (auvarne), forage (paschim aur dakshin kinara), borbonais (dakshini aadhaa), cusserrance (cosserrance), doufin (dakshini aadhaa), foix county (phois county), nice county (nissa county), perigord (peregard), gasconi, guyen (guyana), languedoc (lengados), angaumois (purvi chhor), limosine (lemosine), poitou (kaviu) (dakshinpurvi chhor), march (lacha), provence (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence), cometena (provence (pro
paaramparik paschimi praant (vartamaan mein france mein):
aiks. borbonise (dakshini aadhaa)-lagbhag. 3, 200 varg kii. mee. (anumaantah.)
france mein prashaasnik prabhaag.
ossitania koo cover karane vaale prashaasnik kshetra nimnalikhit hainh ossitani kshetra (pyreness-oriental koo chhodkar jahaan adhikansh catalan bolate hain, halanki vibhaag key uttar-paschim mein phenouileds kshetra, joe kii ossitan bhasha aur sanskriti key baare mein kahana haye), nauvel-aquitain (peripheri koo chhodkar jahaan koee bask, poetevin aur sentongies bolata haye), overn-rone-alps (dakshini aadhe mein, arthaat lagbhag sabhi drum aur ardech, dakshini aizere aur lloyer key kuchh kinare) aur provence-alps-coat dee 'azur. madhya-wall dee loyer mein ausitan dakshini chair aur indre mein kuchh samudaayon mein bolly jaati haye.
ausiteni maanchitra
bhaugolik seemaaen.
oxytania kaa bhaugolik pariseeman 1876-bhashai seemaon parr shodh kii shuruat-aur 20veen shatabdi key beach sabse adhik sweekrit kiya gayaa thaa. ausitania motey taur parr france key dakshini tihai hisse (aamtaur parr "middy" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, jisamen monaco bhee shamil haye), itali mein ausitan ghaatiyon aur guardia piomonties key saath-saath spen mein wall dee 'aaraan koo bhee shamil kartaa haye.
poore kshetra mein ausitan kaa abhyaas samaan roop seey samaan naheen haye. isake alawa, uttar mein ack bhashai sankraman kshetra haye jise chroisant kahaa jaataa haye jahan dee 'oyal aur ausitan key shabd dridhata seey hastakshep karate hain (chroisant dekhein). isake bajaay, kuchh kshetron koo aam taur parr aadhunik paribhasha key anusaar ausitania kaa hissa naheen maanaa jaataa haih
itihas.
ausitan mein likhit granth 10veen shatabdi mein prakat hueh iska upayog pahale kanuni granthon mein aur phir saahityik, vaigyaanik aur dhaarmik granthon mein kiya gayaa thaa. ausitan kii bolly jaane vaali boliyaan kaee shataabdiyan purani hain aur cumm seey cumm 8veen shatabdi mein dikhaai deen, jaisa kii lattin pandulipiyon mein chhode gaye sthalnamon aur ausitain shabdon key madhyam seey pataa chalaa haye.
praarambhik madhya yug key dauran, ossitania aksar raajneetik roop seey ekjut thaa, vizigothic samrajya aur kaee merovingian aur carolingian samprabhun key tahat. varsh 805 mein theonville mein, sharleman ney bhashai aur saanskritik seemaon key saath apane samrajya key teen swaayatt kshetron mein vibhajan kii ghoshana keeh joe abb aadhunik ausitania haye, vaha ack vyaapak provence aur aquitain key punarmilan seey banaaya jaanaa thaa. isake bajaay, halanki, 9veen shatabdi mein frankish samrajya key vibhajan mein, ausitania koo vibhinn county, duchy aur raajyon, bishap aur mathadhishon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. taba seey, desh kabhi bhee raajneetik roop seey ekjut naheen rhaa haye, halanki ack samanya sanskriti key madhyam seey ausitania barkarar rhaa. phir bhee, ausitania koo nammatra key samprabhun key prati alag-alag wafadari kaa saamana karna padaah 9veen seey 13veen shatabdi taka, aquitain key duke, foix kii ginati, tolus kii ginati aur barcelona kii ginati ney ausitania key vibhinn "vetan" parr niyantran key liye pratispardha kii.
iss samay avadhi key dauran ausitan saahitya falaa-foolaah 12veen aur 13veen shatabdi mein, pareshan logon ney darbari prem ("antim prem") kaa aavishkaar kiya, aur "lenga dee 'oak" poore europeeya krishi vritton mein fail gayaa; "lenga dee' oak", "ausitan" aur "ausitania" shabd pahali baar 13veen shatabdi key anta mein dikhaai diye.
13veen seey 17veen shatabdi taka, france key raajaon ney dheere-dheere ausitania parr vijay praapt kii. 15veen shatabdi key anta taka, kuleen varg aur poonjipati varg ney french seekhana shuru curr diyaa thaa, jabaki kisaanon ney aam taur parr paschimi bolna jaari rakhaa; yeh prakriya 13veen shatabdi seey dou sabse uttari kshetron, uttari limosine aur borbonais mein shuru hui. 1539 mein, francis pratham ney willers-cotterates kaa adhyadesh jaari kiya jisane prashaasan mein francisi kaa upayog lagu kiya. lekin iss tarah key upaayon key bavjood, francisi kabjadhariyon key khilaf rashtriya pehchaan kii ack majboot bhavna bunny rahee jaisa kii jeane racine ney 1662 mein uzes kii yatra parr likhaa thaah "jise way yahaan france kahate hain vaha loyer seey parey kii bhoomi haye, joe unake liye ack videshi desh haye."
1789 mein, krantikari samitiyon ney paschimi bhasha kaa upayog karke "middy" kshetron kii swaayatta koo phir seey sthaapit karane kii koshish kii; haalaanki, jacobin shakti ney ise sakar honey seey roque diyaa.
19veen shatabdi mein oxytan saahitya kaa ack majboot punruddhar huaa, jiska udaaharan lekhak fredrick mistral ney diyaa, jinhen 1904 mein saahitya mein nobel puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. lekin 1881 key baad seey, school mein ausitain bolane vaale bachchon koo mantri jools ferry kii sifaarishon key anusaar dandit kiya gayaa; isase "laa vargonha" (sharmanak) key roop mein jaani jaane vaali bhasha kaa upman huaa. 1914 mein, iss kshetra key chaudah million nivasi ausitan bolate they, lekin 20veen shatabdi key dauran francisi ney pramukhta mein ausitan koo peechhe chhod diyaa. langue dee 'oh. see". key upayog koo chhodkar media key saath sthiti badatar hoe gaee. iss girawat key bavjood, haalaanki, paschimi bhasha abhee bhee jeevit haye aur naee gati praapt curr rahee haye.
baahari bastiyaan.
haalaanki vaastav mein aadhunik arthon mein ack upanivesh naheen thaa, tripoli county mein ack ausitan enclave thaa, jisaki sthaapana 1102 mein jerusalam key uttar mein dharmayuddh key dauran tolus key raymond IV dwara kii gaee thee. iss county key adhikansh loga ausitania aur itali seey aae they.
14veen shatabdi key aspas, kuchh "provensal" bastiyon kii sthaapana dakshini itali mein waldens dwara kii gaee theeh capitanata kshetra, basilicate aur calabria. unamen seey adhikansh 16veen shatabdi key dauran poochtaachh dwara nasht curr diye gaye they, lekin guardia piomonties aaj taka apani bhasha aur paschimi pehchaan koo banaae rakhane mein kamyab rahey.
17veen shatabdi key anta mein, paschimi ghaatiyon mein utpeedan udaane vaale waldens beden, hessen aur wrttemberg (aajkal germany) mein buss gaye. 20veen shatabdi key dauran oxyton bhasha kaa upayog gayab hoe gayaa, lekin kuchh oxyton sthaan naam abhee bhee upayog mein hain.
19veen shatabdi mein, ausitan america mein buss gaye. kuchh weldens upaniveshon ney aaj taka bhasha key apane upayog koo banaae rakhaa haye, jaise kii urugve aur sanyukt raajya america mein.
saanskritik aur raajneetik andolan.
pashchaadbhoovaadi sangh yaa sangathan.
sabse purana pashchaadbhoovaadi sangh felibridge haye, jisaki sthaapana 1854 mein hui thee. 1945 mein, dwiteeya vishva yuddh key baad, sangh key kuchh sadasyon ney ack alag andolan, institute dee 'estudis ausitans (pashchaadvi adhyayan sansthaan) kii sthaapana kii.
france mein mukhya andolan iss prakaar hainh
itali mein, mukhya andolan hainh
spen menh
oxytonist virodhi sangh.
felibridge aur parlorain kaa paalan karane vaale kuchh sangh oxyton seey alag ack provensal bhasha kaa daavaa karate hain.
anya sangh alag "bhaashaaen dee 'oh. see." kaa daavaa karate hain, bhale hii, virodhabhasi roop seey, unamen seey kuchh koo oh. see. bhaashaon key gathbandhan mein ack saath samoohbaddh kiya gayaa hoh
kuchh sanghon kaa anya oh. see. deshon key saath koee sambandh naheen haih
paine-ausitanist sangh.
doosari or, kuchh samooh catalan deshon (france-spen) sahit ack ausitan-roman pehchaan kaa daavaa karate hain.
rajneeti.
spen.
spen mein, arani raajneetik dall baari-baari seey consellh jeneraau dee 'aaraan chalaate hain, joe wall dee' aaraan mein sarkaar kaa pramukh sansthaan haye. unhone araan kii nagar paalikaon, catalonia kii sansad aur spanish senate mein bhee adhikaariyon koo chunaa haye. way sthaaniyavaadi party partit renovador dee 'arts-garos key apavaad key saath catalan partiyon key karib hain, jinhone halanki, arren kii ekataa key saath gathbandhan kiya haye. araan kii ekataa (yuu. aeye.-pee. aine. aeye.) ack samajik-loktaantrik aur kshetriyavaadi-arthashastri party haye joe samajwadi party off catalonia (pee. aiss. oh. ee.-pee. aiss. see.) seey sambaddh haye, jabaki arani loktaantrik abhisaran (see. dee. aeye.-pee. aine. aeye.), vartamaan mein satta mein haye, ack madhyamaargi aur swaayatt party haye joe catalonia key loktaantrik abhisaran seey judee hui haye. 2008 mein sthaapit, vaam/samajik loktantra aur swatantrata, catalonia key ganarajya vaam kaa ack sthaaniya khand haye. korop farwari 2015 mein paida huaa ack nagrik andolan haye jiska uddeshya arani dwidaliyata koo todana haye aur yeh catalan swatantrata andolan lokpriya ekataa ummidwari (cup) seey prerit haye, lekin ausitania key drishtikon seey.
2017 key catalan kshetriya chunaav mein, wall dee 'aaraan key matdaataon ney jyaadaatar "samvaidhaaniktaavaadiyon" key liye matdan kiya, joe spen key saath nirantar sangh kaa samarthan karate hain.
france.
france mein, paschimi raajneetik dall aur andolan (jaise paschimi rashtravadi party, paschimi party, swatantrata!,...) koo badee sankhya mein darshakon koo jeetane aur adhikaariyon koo nirvaachit karane mein kathinaaee hui haye. rashtriya yaa europeeya sansthanon yaa samanya parishadon mein unake kabhi nirvaachit pratinidhi naheen they. haalaanki, 2010 key francisi kshetriya chunaavon mein, ausitan party ney europeeya paaristhitiki key prati ekjutata key saath sangh kshetron aur logon kii bhagidari key dhaanche key bheetar, paanch kshetriya parishadon key liye pratinidhiyon kaa chunaav kiyaah aquitain mein david groscloud., middy-pyreness mein gilheim latrubase, overn mein gustau alirol, annie-mairi houtent aur provence-alps-coat dee 'azur mein harve gurera. baad vaale koo aiks-aine-provence kii nagar parishad key liye bhee chunaa gayaa thaa aur aiks desh key samooh samudaay key liye salaahkaar bhee chunaa gayaa thaa. andolan kii kamee! 2014 key nagarpalika chunaavon mein pahali baar chunaav ladey aur 55 seeten jeetin. ausitan party key adhyaksh, gustaave alirol, vartamaan mein "ekjutata vaale kshetron aur logon" party key adhyaksh aur "europeeya mukt gathbandhan" key upaadhyaksh bhee hain, joe europeeya sansad mein 50 pratinidhiyon key ack samooh mein bhaag letaa haye.
monaco.
vartamaan mein monaco mein koee paschimi raajneetik andolan naheen hain.
poorv andolan.
poorv raajneetik andolanon mein shamil hainh
aaj.
aaj ausitania mein 14 seey 16 million nivasi hain. 1999 kii janganana key anusaar, 610,000 mool vaktaa hain aur anya duss laakh loga iss bhasha key kuchh sampark mein hain. ausitan key mool vaktaa jyaadaatar purani peedhiyon mein paae jaate hain. institute dee 'estudis ausitans (aaee. ee. oh.) 1945 seey ausitan bhasha kaa aadhunikikaran curr rhaa haye, aur 1996 seey concell dee laa lenga ausitana (clow). aajkal ausitan kaa upayog rock' aine roll, lock rock (lau dalphin), rapp (shandar trobadders), rege (masilia dhwani pranali) aur havy metal, jasusi kahaaniyon yaa vigyaan-kathaa jaisi sabse aadhunik sangeet aur saahityik shailiyon mein kiya jaataa haye. yeh internet parr darshaaya jaataa haye. association school ("calendrata") bachchon koo ausitan mein padhaate hain.
swashaasan key liye paschimi raajneetik andolan 20veen shatabdi kii shuruat seey maujood haye aur vishesh roop seey yuddh key baad key varshon seey (partit ausitan, partit day laa nacione ausitana, anaram auo pataak, inciativa parr ausitania, pairaatge, basheer! aadi.). chunavi aur raajneetik sandarbh mein andolan naa key barabar haye. phir bhee, 2010 mein kshetriya chunaavon ney partit ausitan koo aquitain, overn, middy-pyrenese aur provence-alps-coat dee 'azur kii kshetriya parishadon mein pravesh karane kii anumati dee.
carcasone (2005 aur 2009) aur beziers (2007) mein pramukh pradarshan aur roadays (2006-2010) mein saptah bhar chalane vaale "estivada" tyohaaron seey pataa chalata haye kii paschimi bhasha aur sanskriti kaa punruddhar huaa haye. haalaanki, france mein, ausitan koo abhee bhee ack aadhikarik bhasha key roop mein maanyata naheen dee gaee haye, kyonki 1992 seey french kii sthiti koo samvaidhaanik roop seey sanrakshit kiya gayaa haye, aur ausitan karyakarta chaahte hain kii francisi sarkaar dakshin france kaa pratinidhitva karane vaale saat kshetron key liye ausitan koo doosari aadhikarik bhasha key roop mein apanaae. 
bhasha.
paschimi bhasha koo kewal aadhikarik, sanrakshit aur prachaarit key roop mein maanyata dee gaee haye (spen mein); itali mein ise ack sanrakshit bhasha kaa darja praapt haye; aur france mein ise kewal shaikshik network mein sweekriti praapt haye lekin kanuni maanyata key binaa.
federation days language reasonals pore ell 'sensigment public" ney octuber 2005 mein oxyton bhasha mein chhatron kii sankhya 4,326 kii ganana kii.
francisi sanskriti mantralaya kii 2002 kii ack report key anusaar ("francisi bhasha key upayog parr sansad koo report", 2003), saarvajanik schools mein, "college" aur "licey" aur niji schools menh shaikshanik varsh 2001-02 mein, 67,549 chhatron ney ausitan kii kakshaon mein yaa unamen namankan karaaya thaa.
iss anishchit samajik sthiti key bavjood, ausitan 2006 key turin sheetkaleen olympic kii aadhikarik bhaashaon mein seey ack thee.
sangeet.
romantic sangeetkaar gabriel phore kaa janm france key pyrenese kshetra mein pamiers, eriz mein huaa thaa. ack anya romantic sangeetkaar, devdaat dee severak kaa janm bhee iss kshetra mein huaa thaa, aur peris mein apani schooly shiksha key baad, vaha rachana karane key liye ausitania laut aae; unhone apani rachanaon mein iss kshetra key swadeshi sangeet koo shamil karane kii maang kii.
vyanjan.
ausitan vyanjan koo bhoomadhyasagariya maanaa jaataa haye, lekin isaki kuchh vishisht visheshtaen hain joe ise catalan vyanjan yaa italvi vyanjan seey alag karati hain. vaastav mein, ausitania key aakar aur paridrishyon kii mahaan vividhata key kaaran-pyreni aur alps, nadiyon aur jheelon key parvataarohan seey laker anta mein bhoomadhyasagariya aur atlantic tata taka-ise ack atyadhik vividh vyanjan maanaa jaa sakata haye. anya bhoomadhyasagariya vyanjanon kii tulanaa mein, ausitan gastronomy mein mahatvapurna roop seey buniyaadi tatvon aur swaadon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii maans, machhali aur sabjiyan, saath hii saath olive oyal kaa lagaatar upayog; atlantic tata key vyanjanon key tatva bhee aam hain, jaise kii cheez, pest, cream, butter aur anya uchch calori vaale khaadya padaarth. bhoomadhyasagariya tata parr aam taur parr prasiddh bhojan mein ratatolaha (catalan "sumphina" key barabar), alholi, bolhabaisa (italvi "brodetto alaa vesties" key samaan), paine golkat (jaitoon key tail key saath rotty), aur mukhya roop seey jaitoon, chawal, makai aur sharaab key saath salad shamil hain. ack anya mahatvapurna pahalu joe oxyton vyanjan koo apane bhoomadhyasagariya padosiyon seey alag kartaa haye, vaha haye sugandhit jadee-bootiyon kii prachur matra; unamen seey kuchh aam taur parr bhoomadhyasagariya hoti hain, jaise ajmod, rosemary, azwine, oregano yaa phir seey tulsi.
kuchh vishva prasiddh paaramparik bhojan hain provensal "ratatolha" (ratatouil), "alholi" (ayoli) aur "adauba" (provensal stoo), nicard "salad nisarda" (salad nicois) aur "paine banhat" (paine-magnet), limosine "clafotis" (clafotis), overgnate "elegot" (elegot), langudocene "caselet" (casolate), yaa phir seey gascon "phase grass" (foi grass).
ausitania mein cheezon kii ack badee vividhata (jaise rockfort, blue dee 'overn, cabeco, cantal, forme dee' embert, laguiol, pellardon, sent-nectair, sallers) aur wine kii ack badee vividhata (jaise bordo, rone wine, gallack wine, sent-emilion wine, blankwaite dee limox, muscut dee revesaults, provence wine, cahers wine, juranon) bhee paaee jaati haye. pastice aur mairi brizzard jaise alcohol yaa armagnac aur cogneck jaise brandy bhee iss kshetra mein utpaadit kiye jaate hain.

