
jhuang tinglong mamla

zuang tinglong mamla, jise ming itihas mamle key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, 17veen shatabdi kaa saahityik poochtaachh kaa mamla thaa joe chean mein 1661 aur 1663 key beach king rajvansh key dauran huaa thaa. yeh mamla ching rajvansh key ack anadhikrit itihas key prakaashan key baare mein thaa-chean mein sattaaroodh rajvansh, joe kii king rajvansh seey pahale thaa-zuang tinglong (), huzau, zheziang key ack vyaapaari dwara. anta mein, kaam key prakaashan seey judey hajaaron logon koo dandit kiya gayaa, jisamen 70 seey adhik koo maut kii sajaa dee gaee.
prishthabhoomi.
jhuang tinglong nanxun kaa ack ameer vyaapaari thaa, joe vartamaan huzau, jhejiang mein haye. vaha "zuo zuaan" key lekhak zuo cumming (556-451 bse) kaa anukaran karna chaahte they, joe unake jaise andhe bhee they, aur unhone ming rajvansh parr itihas kii ack pustak prakaashit kii. haalaanki, unhein ming itihas key baare mein bahut cumm pataa thaa, isaliye unhone una samagriyon key saath shuruat karane kaa faisala kiya joe pahale seey hii upalabdh theen. unhone pahale zuu guozen dwara likhe gaye ming itihas kaa ack masauda kharida. baad mein, unhone zu guozen key kaam koo sampaadit karane aur usa parr nirmaan karane mein unaki madad karane key liye vu yaan () aur paine chengjhang () sahit jiangnan kshetra key 16 vidvaanon kii ack team koo kaam parr rakhaa.
iss pustak mein ming rajvansh key kaee anuchit sandarbh they, saath hii saath paath koo varjit aur king rajvansh key liye manhanikarak maanaa gayaa thaa. kuchh udaharanon mein ming samraton key yug key naamon aur anya ming khitabon aur roopon kaa upayog shamil haye; king rajvansh kii vaidhata seey incar; manchus aur jianjhou jurchanes koo "berber" key roop mein sandarbhit karna; aur unake vyaktigat naamon seey king samraton key sandarbh.
yeh pustak "histry off ming" sheershak key tahat prakaashit hui thee aur isamen 100 seey adhik khand they. lii linguxy () ney prastaavana likhi, jabaki jhuang tinglong koo mukhya lekhak key roop mein shreya diyaa gayaa. pustak key anya yogadankartaon mein shamil hainh vu yaan (), paine chengjhang (), maao yuanming (), vu jhiming (), vu jhirong (), lii taao (), maao silai (), vu chuu (), taang yuanlou (), yaan yunaki (), jiang linjheng (), wei jinyu (), wei yeevei (), jhaang gaao (), dong yaree (), lue kii (), jhaa jizuo aur phain jiang ().
saahityik poochtaachh.
zuang tinglong kii mrityu 1655 mein pustak key puuraa honey key turant baad bimari seey hoe gaee. 1660 mein, zuang tinglong key pitaa, zuang yuncheng () ney "ming itihas kii sankshipt shrinkhala" sheershak key tahat pustak chhaapi aur vitarit kii. 1661 mein, vu jhirong (), guan county key magistrate (vartamaan huzau, jhejiang mein) ney, praant key governor chain yongming () koo pustak kii soochana dee. haalaanki, chain yongming ney zuang yungcheng seey kuchh hazaar chaandi key tail kii rishwat sweekaar karane key baad mamle koo khariz curr diyaa. jaise hii zuang yuncheng ney vu zirong koo rishwat dene seey incar curr diyaa, baad vaale ney ack aur report dee-iss baar uchch pradhikaran koo. beijing mein shaahi sarkaar koo antatah pustak key baare mein pataa chalaa.
oboi, tatkalin cumm umr key kangshi samrat key rajpratinidhi, ney nyaay mantralaya key adhikaariyon koo jaanch karane key liye huzau jaane kaa adesh diyaa. isake kaaran pustak seey judey kaee vyaktiyon kii giraftari hui, jinamen zuang parivaar, pustak key prakaashak, jinn logon key paas pustak kii pratiyaan theen, aur way adhikaari joe pustak kii report karane mein whiffle rahey. vu jhirong, joe ack vyaapaari jhu uming () key khilaf ack dwesh paida kartaa thaa, ney iss avsar kaa upayog zuu uming koo shamil honey key liye frame karane key liye kiya. unhone daavaa kiya kii pustak mein "zuu key mool masaude" mein ullikhit "zuu" kaa ullekh zuu uming key roop mein kiya gayaa haye jaba "zuu" vaastav mein zuu guozen kaa ullekh kartaa haye.
zuang yuncheng koo giraftar curr liya gayaa aur beijing bhej diyaa gayaa, aur antatah durvyavahar aur yaatana seey jail mein usaki mrityu hoe gaee. zuang tinglong key avasheshon koo unaki kabr seey khudai karke nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1663 mein giraftar logon koo fansi seey laker nirvaasan taka kii vibhinn sajaaen dee gaeen. pustak kii pratiyaan bechane vaale pustak kii dukaan key malik wang yungiao () aur luu deru () key saath, pustak kii mudran prakriya key prabhaari tanga daphu () aur lii jiangfu () koo maar diyaa gayaa. zuang tinglong key bhaai, zuang tingue () koo "lingchi" dwara maar diyaa gayaa thaa, aur poore zuang parivaar koo mamle mein fansaaya gayaa thaa. lii linguxy aur unake bete lii rengdao (), jhu uming aur unake beton jhu ninshanho (), jhu yanshavo (), jhu keshaav () aur bhatije jhu yee () koo sir kalam karke maar diyaa gayaa; jhu uming kii patni ney aatmahatya curr lii. sajaa sunaane vaale nyayadhish ney ly linguxy key sabse chhote bete parr dayaa kii, joe taba 16 saal kaa thaa, aur apani kanuni umr koo ack saal taka cumm karane kii peshkash kii, iss prakaar usey maut seey bachaaya aur isake bajaay usey nirvaasan kii sajaa sunai. haalaanki, ladke ney incar curr diyaa aur usey apane parivaar key saath fansi dey dee gaee. dong eriu, joe taba taka marr chuka thaa, ney apane avasheshon koo khudai key baad 36 hisson mein vibhajit curr diyaa thaa. unake bete, dong yuyi () koo maar diyaa gayaa. zaao junsong (), huzau mein ack shikshak, jinhone shuru mein pustak kii soochana dee thee, koo bhee kitab kii ack prati gupt roop seey rakhane key liye doshi thaharaaya gayaa aur fansi dee gaee. lii jibai (), soozou key zueguan shahar mein ack adhikaari, koo pustak kii ack prati khareedane key liye maar diyaa gayaa thaa. anya adhikaari jaise hoo shangeng (), liang huafeng () aur jhaang wully () adhikaariyon koo bhaari rishwat dekar utpeedan seey bachane mein kamyab rahey. phain shiang, jhaa jizuo aur luu kii koo vu lickie key hastakshep key kaaran bachaaya gayaa aur unhein maaf curr diyaa gayaa. vu jhirong, jinhone pustak kii soochana dee, unhein zuang yuncheng aur zuu uming key parivaar kii sampatti unake puraskar key roop mein millie.
isake baad.
21 juuna 1663 koo mamla bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa. mamle mein shamil yaa fansaaye gaye hajaaron logon koo hangjhou mein ack sainya shivir mein gher liya gayaa thaa, jahan unhein sajaa sunai gaee thee. 72 logon koo maut kii sajaa sunai gaeeh zuang tingue, maao yuanming, jiang linzheng, zhang gaao, wei yuanji (), paine chengzhang, woo yaan, woo zirong, woo jhiming aur anya koo "lingchi" dwara maar diyaa gayaa thaa. hangjhou key general, saang kuee () aur jhejiang key praantiya governor, zuu changzhuo () koo unake adheensthon key saath karyalaya seey barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa. cheng weifan (), jisane mamle koo chhipaane key liye rishwat lene key liye geet kuee koo uksaayaa, usey maar diyaa gayaa. guan aur wucheng county key dou shikshakon koo bhee fansi dee gaee. huzau key praant governor chain yongming koo karyalaya seey hataa diyaa gayaa aur taaee 'erzuang, shandong mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa; unhone yatra key dauran aatmahatya curr lii lekin unake shareer koo vaapas haingjhou bhej diyaa gayaa aur tukade curr diyaa gayaa. chain yonglai (), chain yongming key bhaai joe jianganing county key magistrate key roop mein kaaryarat they, koo bhee fansi dey dee gaee thee. gwian county mein dou shikshakon, wang jhaaozen () aur lii huan (), key saath-saath taana zimin (), chain yongming key uttaradhikari koo huzau key praant governor key roop mein fansi dekar maar diyaa gayaa, jabaki unake parivaaron koo ningguta mein nirvaasit curr diyaa gayaa. goo yanavu, joe fenyang, shanxi mein they, ney mamle parr apane dukh kaa varnan karane key liye dou kavitaaen likhin.
kalpana mein.
zuang tinglong mamle kaa ullekh jinn yong key vuxia upanyaas "dha dier aind dha coldron" mein kiya gayaa haye. upanyaas mein, naayak vee shiaobao zuang parivaar kii vidhvaaon seey milata haye joe nirvaasan seey butch gaye hain aur unhein vu zeerong key khilaf badala lene mein madad karate hain.