
jarachikitsa

jarachikitsa, yaa jarachikitsa chikitsa, ack chikitsa visheshta haye joe bujurgon kii anoothi swaasthya aavashyaktaon kii dekhbhal pradaan karane parr kendrit haye. jarachikitsa" shabd yunani shabd "jeron" seey utpann hotaa haye jiska arth haye "boodhaa aadami", aur ιατρος "iatros" jiska arth haye "upchaarak". iska uddeshya badey vayaskon mein bimari koo rokkar, nidan karke aur uska ilaaj karke swaasthya koo badhaava denaa haye. aisee koee paribhaashit ayu naheen haye jiss parr rogi jarachikitsa visheshagya, yaa jarachikitsa chikitsak, ack chikitsak joe badey logon kii dekhbhal mein visheshagya hoe, kii dekhbhal mein hoe sakate hain. balki, yeh nirnay vyaktigat rogi kii aavashyakta aur unake liye upalabdh dekhbhal sanrachanaon dwara nirdeshit haye. iss dekhbhal seey una logon koo laabh hoe sakata haye joe kaee purani sthitiyon kaa prabandhan curr rahey hain yaa mahatvapurna ayu-sambandhi jatilataon kaa anubhav curr rahey hain joe dainik jeevan kii gunavatta key liye khatra hain. yadi dekhbhal kii jimmedaariyaan parivaar aur dekhbhal karane vaalon key liye swatantra roop seey prabandhan karane key liye tanaavpurna yaa chikitsakiya roop seey jatil hoe jaati hain tou jarachikitsa dekhbhal kaa sanket diyaa jaa sakata haye.
jarachikitsa aur jarashalya vigyaan key beach ack antar haye. vriddhavastha vigyaan umr badhane kii prakriya kaa bahu-vishayak adhyayan haye, jise chot, bimari, paryavaraniya jokhim yaa vyavhaar sambandhi jokhim karakon kii anupasthiti mein samay key saath anga kaary mein girawat key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye. haalaanki, jarachikitsa koo kabhi-kabhi chikitsa jarashalya vigyaan kahaa jaataa haye.
daira.
vayask aur vriddh chikitsa key beach antar.
vriddh chikitsa pradaata bujurg rogiyon kii dekhbhal karane aur swasth umr badhane koo badhaava dene key liye vishesh prashikshan praapt karate hain. pradaan kii gaee dekhbhal kaafee hudd taka saajha nirnay lene parr adharit haye aur rogi key lakshyon aur prathmiktaon dwara sanchaalit haye, joe kaary koo sanrakshit karane, jeevan kii gunavatta mein sudhaar karane yaa jeevan key varshon koo badhaane seey bhinn hoe sakati haye. sanyukt raajya america aur kanada mein jarachikitsa visheshagyon dwara aamtaur parr upayog kiya jaane vaalaa ack maargdarshak smriti-vigyaan 5 meater kaa jarachikitsa haye joe munn, gatishilata, bahu-jatilata, davaaon aur rogi moolyon koo praapt karane key liye sabse adhik mamalon kaa varnan kartaa haye.
bujurg vayaskon key liye kaee chikitsa sthitiyon, yaa bahu-rugnata kaa prabandhan karna aam baat haye. shareer vigyaan mein ayu-sambandhit parivartan bimari, roga-sambandhit rugnata aur mrityu kii samvedansheelta mein ack chakravriddhi koo badhaava dete hain. isake alawa, samanya beemaariyaan bujurg rogiyon mein asamanya roop seey maujood hoe sakati hain, jisase rogi kii dekhbhal mein naidaanik aur chikitsiya jatilata badh jaati haye.
jarachikitsa atyadhik antahvishay haye jisamen chikitsa, nursing, pharmacy, samajik kaary, shaaririk aur vyaavsaayik chikitsa key kshetron seey vishesh pradaata shamil hain. bujurg rogi dawa prabandhan, dard prabandhan, manorog aur smriti dekhbhal, punarvaas, deerghakaalik nursing dekhbhal, poshan aur shaaririk, vyaavsaayik aur bhaashan sahit chikitsa key vibhinn roopon seey sambandhit dekhbhal praapt curr sakate hain. gair-chikitsa vichaaron mein samajik sevaaen, sankramankalin dekhbhal, unnat nirdesh, vakeel kii shakti aur anya kanuni vichaar shamil hain.
jatilata mein vriddhi.
angon mein shaaririk bhandar mein girawat seey bujurgon mein kuchh prakaar kii beemaariyaan vikasit hoti hain aur unhein halki samasyaon (jaise kii halke gastroenteritis seey nirjalikaran) seey adhik jatilataaen hoti hain. kaee samasyaaen badh sakati hainh bujurg vyaktiyon mein ack halka bukhaar bhram paida curr sakata haye, jisase girna aur feimer kii gardan mein fracture ("toota huaa koolha") hoe sakata haye.
bujurg vyaktiyon mein roga kii prastuti aspasht aur gair-vishisht hoe sakati haye, yaa isamen pralaap yaa girawat shamil hoe sakati haye. (udaaharan key liye, pneumonia cumm umr key logon mein dekhe jaane vaale tej bukhaar aur khansi key bajaay cumm-shreni key bukhaar aur bhram key saath upasthit hoe sakata haye.) kuchh bujurg logon koo apane lakshnon koo shabdon mein varnit karna mushkil hoe sakata haye, vishesh roop seey yadi bimari bhram paida curr rahee haye, yaa yadi unhein sangyanatmak haani haye. bujurgon mein chittabhram kabj jaisi chhoti samasya yaa dill key daure jaisi gambhir aur janleva cheez key kaaran hoe sakata haye. yadi mool kaaran kaa pataa lagaaya jaa sakata haye tou inmein seey kaee samasyaon kaa ilaaj kiya jaa sakata haye.
jarachikitsa pharmacology.
bujurg logon koo davaaon parr vishesh dhyaan dene kii aavashyakta hoti haye. bujurg loga vishesh roop seey polypharmacy (kaee davaaen lene) key adheen hotey hain kyonki unake paas kaee purani beemaariyaan jamaa hoti hain. inmein seey kaee vyaktiyon ney kaee herble davaaon aur pratyaksh davaaon koo swayam nirdhaarit kiya haye. yeh polypharmacy, jarachikitsa kii sthiti key sanyojan mein, dawa kii baatchit yaa pratikool dawa pratikriyaon key jokhim koo badhaa sakati haye. pharmacokinetic aur pharmacodynamic parivartan adhik umr key saath utpann hotey hain, jisase unaki chayapachaya karane aur davaaon key prati pratikriya karane kii kshamata mein kamee aatee haye. chaar pharmacokinetic tantron (avashoshan, vitaran, chayapachaya, utsarjan) mein seey pratyek ayu-sambandhit shaaririk parivartanon seey baadhit hotaa haye. udaaharan key liye, samagr roop seey yakrit kaary mein kamee davaaon key nikasi yaa chayapachaya mein hastakshep curr sakati haye aur gurde key kaary mein kamee gurde key unmoolan koo prabhaavit curr sakati haye. pharmacodynamic parivartanon seey jarachikitsa rogiyon mein davaaon key prati samvedansheelta mein parivartan hotaa haye, jaise kii morphin key upayog key saath dard seey raahat mein vriddhi. isaliye, jarachikitsa vyaktiyon koo vishesh aushadhiya dekhbhal kii aavashyakta hoti haye joe inn ayu-sambandhi parivartanon dwara soochit kii jaati haye.
jarachikitsa syndrome.
jarachikitsa syndrome ack aisaa shabd haye jiska upayog naidaanik sthitiyon key ack samooh kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye joe bujurg logon mein atyadhik prachalit hain. yeye lakshan vishisht vikriti yaa bimari key kaaran naheen hotey hain, balki kaee anga pranaliyon koo prabhaavit karane vaali bahu-kaarak sthitiyon kii abhivyakti hain. samanya sthitiyon mein kamjori, karyatmak girawat, girawat, mahadweep mein nuksan aur kuposhan shamil hain.
kamjori.
shaaririk bhandar mein girawat, shaaririk aur bhaavnaatmak tanaavon key prati badhati bhedyata aur kaary kii haani seey kamjori koo chihnit kiya jaataa haye. yeh pragatisheel aur anajaane mein vajan ghataane, thakan, maanspeshiyon kii kamjori aur gatishilata mein kamee key roop mein prastut hoe sakata haye. yeh badhee hui choton, aspatal mein bharti honey aur pratikool naidaanik parinamon seey judaa huaa haye.
karyatmak girawat.
shaaririk kaary aur/yaa sangyanatmak kaary mein girawat seey karyatmak akshamta utpann hoe sakati haye. yeh buniyaadi rosemarra key karyon koo karane mein arjit kathinaaee seey judaa huaa haye jisake parinamswarup anya vyaktiyon aur/yaa chikitsa upkaranon kii nirbharta mein vriddhi hoti haye. inn karyon koo dainik jeevan (aeye. dee. ell.) kii buniyaadi gatividhiyon aur dainik jeevan (aaee. aeye. dee. ell.) kii vaadya gatividhiyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye aur aamtaur parr ack vyakti kii karyatmak sthiti key sanketak key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye.
dainik jeevan kii gatividhiyaan (aeye. dee. ell.) apani dekhbhal key liye aavashyak maulik kaushal hain, jinamen bhojan, vyaktigat swachchata, shauchalaya, sthanantaran aur gherabandi shamil hain. dainik jeevan kii vaadya gatividhiyaan (aaee. aeye. dee. ell.) ack samudaay mein swatantra roop seey rahane key liye aavashyak adhik jatil kaushal kaa varnan karati hain, jisamen khaana banaana, ghar kii dekhbhal, apane vitt aur davaaon kaa prabandhan shamil haye. aeye. dee. ell. aur aaee. aeye. dee. ell. kii niyamit nigrani ack mahatvapurna karyatmak mulyankan haye jiska upayog chikitsakon dwara bujurg vayaskon aur unaki dekhbhal karane vaalon koo pradaan karane key liye samarthan aur dekhbhal kii seema nirdhaarit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. yeh samay key saath kaary key ack gunaatmak maap key roop mein kaary kartaa haye aur varishth awas apartment, kushal nursing suvidhaon, upshaamak, dharamshala yaa ghar-adharit dekhbhal sahit vaikalpik rahane kii vyavastha yaa dekhbhal key model kii aavashyakta kii bhavishyavani kartaa haye.
gir jaataa haye.
65 varsh aur usase adhik ayu key vayaskon mein aapaatkaaleen vibhaag mein pravesh aur aspatal mein bharti honey kaa pramukh kaaran girna haye, jinamen seey kaee key parinamswarup mahatvapurna chot aur sthaayi akshamta hoti haye. choonki kuchh jokhim kaarak girane koo cumm karane key uddeshya seey sanshodhit kiye jaa sakate hain, yeh hastakshep aur jokhim mein kamee key avsar koo ujagar kartaa haye. parivartaniya karakon mein shamil hainh
mootra asanyam.
mootra asanyam yaa atee sakriya mootrashay key lakshnon koo anajaane mein khud koo peshab karane key roop mein paribhaashit kiya jaataa haye. yeye lakshan una davaaon key kaaran hoe sakate hain joe mootra utpaadan aur aavritti (ee.jee. anty-hypertensive aur mootravardhak), mootra path key sankraman, shroni anga prasaar, shroni tala kii shithilata, aur aisee beemaariyaan joe mootrashay koo khaali karane koo niyantrit karane vaali nason koo nuksan pahunchaati hain. gatishilata koo prabhaavit karane vaali anya musculoskeletal sthitiyon parr vichaar kiya jaanaa chaahiye, kyonki yeye snangharon taka pahunch koo mushkil banaa sakate hain.
kuposhan.
kuposhan aur kharaab poshan sthiti chinta kaa vishay haye, joe aspatal mein bharti 12 seey 50 pratishat bujurg rogiyon aur 23 seey 50 pratishat sansthaagat bujurg rogiyon koo prabhaavit kartaa haye, joe sahaayata praapt rahane vaale samudaayon aur kushal nursing suvidhaon jaisi deerghakaalik dekhbhal suvidhaon mein rahate hain. choonki kuposhan shaaririk, rogjanak, manovaigyaanik aur samajik-aarthik karakon key sanyojan key kaaran hoe sakata haye, isaliye prabhaavi hastakshepon kii pehchaan karna mushkil hoe sakata haye. shaaririk karakon mein gandh aur swaad mein kamee aur poshan aahar key sevan koo prabhaavit karane vaali chayapachaya darr mein kamee shamil haye. anajaane mein vajan ghataane kaa parinam rogjanak karakon seey hoe sakata haye, jisamen purani beemariyon kii ack vistrit shrinkhala shamil haye joe sangyanatmak kaary koo prabhaavit karati haye, seedhe paachan parr prabhaav daalati haye (ee.jee. kharaab dunt chikitsa, jathrantra cancer, jathrantra-granthi reflux roga) yaa aahar pratibandhon (jaise.jee. hridaya viphalata, madhumeh, uchch raktchaap). manovaigyaanik karakon mein avasaad, anorexia aur duhkh sahit sthitiyaan shamil hain.
vyaavhaarik chintaaen.
karyatmak kshamataaen, swatantrata aur jeevan kii gunavatta key mudde jarachikitsa visheshagyon aur unake rogiyon key liye bahut chinta kaa vishay hain. bujurg loga aam taur parr jitna sambhav hoe utanaa lambe samay taka swatantra roop seey rehna chaahte hain, jisake liye unhein aatm-dekhbhal aur dainik jeevan kii anya gatividhiyon mein shamil honey mein saksham honah aavashyak haye. ack jarachikitsa visheshagya bujurgon kii dekhbhal key vikalpon key baare mein jaankaari pradaan karane mein saksham hoe sakata haye, aur logon koo ghar kii dekhbhal sevaaon, kushal nursing suvidhaon, sahayak rahane kii suvidhaon aur uchit roop seey dharamshala key liye sandarbhit kartaa haye.
kamjor bujurg loga kuchh prakaar kii chikitsa dekhbhal koo aswikar karna chuna sakate hain, kyonki jokhim-laabh anupaat alag haye. udaaharan key liye, kamjor bujurg mahilaaen niyamit roop seey mammogram kii jaanch karna bund curr detee hain, kyonki stun cancer aamtaur parr ack dheere-dheere badhati hui bimari haye joe unhein anya karanon seey marane seey pahale koee dard, haani yaa jeevan kii haani kaa kaaran naheen banati haye. kamjor logon koo shalya chikitsa key baad kii jatilataon aur vistaarit dekhbhal kii aavashyakta kaa bhee mahatvapurna jokhim hotaa haye, aur ack sateek bhavishyavani-rogi kaa chehra kitna purana dikhta haye, isake bajaay maanya upaayon key aadhar parr-puraane rogiyon koo apane vikalpon key baare mein poori tarah seey soochit vikalp banaane mein madad curr sakata haye. vaikalpik shalya chikitsa seey pahale puraane rogiyon kaa mulyankan rogiyon key thheek honey key path kaa sateek anuman lagaa sakata haye. ack kamjori paimaane mein paanch vastuon kaa upayog kiya jaataa haih anajaane mein vajan ghataana, maanspeshiyon kii kamjori, thakawat, cumm shaaririk gatividhi, aur chalane kii gati dheemi. ack swasth vyakti 0 ank praapt kartaa haye; ack bahut hii kamjor vyakti 5 ank praapt kartaa haye. gair-kamjor bujurg logon kii tulanaa mein, madhyavarti durbalata ank (2 yaa 3) vaale logon koo shalya chikitsa key baad kii jatilataon kii sambhavana doguni hoti haye, aspatal mein 50 pratishat adhik samay bitaate hain, aur apane gharon key bajaay kushal nursing suvidha mein chhutti diye jaane kii sambhavana teen gunaa adhik hoti haye. kamjor bujurg rogi (4 yaa 5 kaa score) joe shalya chikitsa seey pahale ghar parr reh rahey they, unake parinam aur bhee kharaab hotey hain, jisamen gair-kamjor bujurg logon key liye nursing home mein chhutti diye jaane kaa jokhim bees gunaa badh jaataa haye.
upa-vishishtataaen aur sambandhit sevaaen.
kuchh beemaariyaan joe aamtaur parr bujurgon mein dekhi jaati hain, vayaskon mein durlabh hain, jaise.jee.dementia, pralaap, girata haye. samajon kii umr badhane key saath, kaee vishesh jarachikitsa aur jarachikitsa seey sambandhit sevaaen ubhari jinamen shamil hainh
itihas.
paaramparik bhaaratiya chikitsa pranali kii aathh shaakhaon mein seey ack, ayurved, jaraa yaa rasaayan haye, joe jarachikitsa key samaan haye. charak ney kharaab aahar key parinamswarup samay seey pahale umr badhane key kaaran honey vaali thakan aur shaaririk thakawat kaa varnan kiya. charak sanhita" mein kahaa gayaa haye kii bujurg rogi atyadhik shaaririk yaa mansik tanaav seey bachein aur halka lekin paushtik aahar lein.
byzantine samrajya mein kaee chikitsakon ney jarachikitsa kaa adhyayan kiya, jisamen emida key attius jaise doctor spasht roop seey kshetra mein visheshagyata rakhate they. tralle key alekjendar ney umr badhane kii prakriya koo shareer key ootakon mein namee key nuksan key kaaran marasmus key ack praakritik aur apariharya roop key roop mein dekhaa. attius key kaary umr badhane key mansik aur shaaririk lakshnon kaa varnan karate hain. theophilus protospatherius aur joenus actuarius ney bhee apane chikitsa karyon mein iss vishay parr charcha kii. byzantine chikitsak aamtaur parr oribasius key karyon parr dhyaan aakarshit karate hain aur sifarish karate hain kii bujurg rogi una khaadya padarthon seey bharpur aahar kaa sevan karein joe "garmi aur namee" pradaan karate hain. unhone baar-baar snan karane, malish karane, aaraam karane aur cumm teevrata vaale vyayam kii bhee sifarish kii.
avicenna dwara 1025 mein likhe gaye "dha cannon off medicine" mein, lekhak iss baat seey chintit thaa kii kaise "boodhe logon koo bahut neend kii aavashyakta hoti haye" aur unake shareer koo tail seey kaise abhishek kiya jaanaa chaahiye, aur chalane yaa ghode kii sawari jaise vyayamon kii sifarish kii gaee thee. cannon" key thesis III mein boodhe logon key liye upayukt aahar parr charcha kii gaee, aur kaee vargon koo bujurg rogiyon koo samarpit kiya gayaa joe kabj hoe jaate hain.
arab chikitsak aljizar (-980) ney bujurgon kii dawa aur swaasthya parr ack pustak likhi. unhone neend sambandhi vikaaron parr ack pustak aur bhoolane aur smriti koo majboot karane key tareeke parr ack aur pustak aur mrityu darr key karanon parr ack granth bhee likhaa. 9veen shatabdi mein ack anya arab chikitsak, ishaq ibn hunain (mrityu 910), joe kii isai vidwan hunain ibn ishaq key bete they, ney "bhoolane key liye davaaon parr ack granth" likhaa.
george day ney 1849 mein "unnat jeevan kii beemaariyaan" prakaashit kii, joe jarachikitsa chikitsa key vishay parr pahale prakashanon mein seey ack thaa. pahala aadhunik jarachikitsa aspatal belgrade, serbia mein 1881 mein doctor laaja lazarevic dwara sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa.
jarachikitsa" shabd kaa prastaav 1908 mein ilya ilich mechnikov dwara kiya gayaa thaa, joe chikitsa key liye nobel puraskar key liye namankit they aur baad mein 1909 taka dow. ignatz leo nasture, mount sinai aspatal key baahya rogi vibhaag (newyork shahar) mein clinic key poorv pramukh aur sanyukt raajya america mein jarachikitsa key "pitaa".
united kingdam mein aadhunik jarachikitsa kii shuruat jarachikitsa kii "maan", dow. margery vaaran. vaaran ney iss baat parr jore diyaa kii vriddh logon kii dekhbhal key liye punarvaas aavashyak thaa. landan key ack kaaryasthal aspatal mein ack chikitsak key roop mein apane anubhavon kaa upayog karate hue, unakaa maanana thaa kii kewal vriddh logon koo unaki mrityu taka khilaaya jaanaa paryaapt naheen thaa; unhein nidan, upchaar, dekhbhal aur samarthan kii aavashyakta thee. unhone paaya kii rogi, jinamen seey kuchh pahale bistar parr they, sahee mulyankan aur upchaar key saath kuchh hudd taka swatantrata praapt karane mein saksham they.
britten mein jarachikitsa kaa abhyaas bhee ack samriddh bahu-vishayak itihas vaalaa haye. yeh kewal chikitsa naheen, balki sabhi vyavsaayon koo, vriddh logon kii bhalai aur swatantrata koo anukoolit karane mein unake yogdan key liye mahatva detaa haye.
british jarachikitsa kaa ack anya navpravartak bernard isaq haye, jisane oopar ullikhit jarachikitsa key "diggajon" kaa varnan kiya haih sthirata aur asthirta, asanyam aur bigadi hui buddhi. isaik ney jore dekar kahaa kii, yadi paryaapt roop seey bariki seey jaanch kii jaati haye, tou vriddh logon key saath sabhi samanya samasyaaen inmein seey ack yaa adhik diggajon seey sambandhit hain.
britten mein vriddh logon kii dekhbhal koo vriddh logon key liye rashtriya seva dhaanche key karyanvayan dwara unnat kiya gayaa haye, joe dhyaan dene key liye pramukh kshetron koo rekhaankit kartaa haye.
jarachikitsa prashikshan.
sanyukt raajya america.
sanyukt raajya america mein, jarachikitsa visheshagya praathamik dekhbhal chikitsak hain (dee.oh. yaa aim.dee.) joe parivarik chikitsa yaa aantarik chikitsa mein board-pramaanit hain aur jinhone jarachikitsa chikitsa mein atirikt yogyata (see. aeye. kyu.) kaa pramaan patra praapt karane key liye aavashyak atirikt prashikshan bhee praapt kiya haye. jarachikitsa visheshagyon ney umr badhane kii prakriya, bimari key pattern parr umr badhane kaa prabhaav, varishthon mein dawa chikitsa, swaasthya rakharkhaav aur punarvaas mein ack vistaarit visheshagyata vikasit kii haye. way aspatal kii dekhbhal, deerghakaalik dekhbhal, ghar kii dekhbhal aur antim dekhbhal sahit vibhinn bhoomikaon mein kaam karate hain. way aksar varishthon mein dekhe jaane vaale advitiya swaasthya aur rogon key pattern kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye naitikta paramarsh mein shamil hotey hain. jarachikitsa visheshagyon dwara abhyaas kii jaane vaali dekhbhal kaa model anya vishayon jaise nurses, pharmacists, therapists aur samajik kaaryakartaon key saath milkar kaam karane parr bahut adhik kendrit haye.
united kingdam.
united kingdam mein, adhikansh jarachikitsa visheshagya aspatal key chikitsak hain, jabaki anya vishesh roop seey samudayik jarachikitsa parr dhyaan kendrit karate hain. halanki mool roop seey ack alag naidaanik visheshta haye, lekin ise 1970 key dashak key anta seey samanya chikitsa key visheshagyata key roop mein ekikrit kiya gayaa haye. isaliye, adhikansh jarachikitsa visheshagya donon key liye maanyata praapt hain. sanyukt raajya america key vipareet, jarachikitsa chikitsa sanyukt raajya mein ack pramukh visheshta haye aur sabse adhik sankhya mein aantarik chikitsa visheshagya hain.
kanada.
kanada mein, dou maarg hain jinka paalan kiya jaa sakata haye taaki ack vriddhavastha mein ack chikitsak key roop mein kaam kiya jaa sakey.
kanada key kaee vishvavidyalaya aam janata key liye jarashalya vigyaan prashikshan karyakram bhee pradaan karate hain, jaise kii nurse aur anya swaasthya dekhbhal peshevar umr badhane kii prakriya aur vriddh rogiyon aur nivaasiyon kii upasthiti mein unaki bhoomika koo behtar dhang seey samajhane key liye anushasana mein aage kii shiksha praapt curr sakate hain.
bhaarat.
bhaarat mein, jarachikitsa ack apekshaakrit naee visheshta haye. teen saal kaa snatkottar nivaas (aim.gha) mbbs (batchler off medicine aur batchler off sergery) key 5.5-year snaatak prashikshan koo puuraa karane key baad prashikshan mein shamil kiya jaa sakata haye. durbhagya seey, kewal aathh pramukh sansthaan aim pradaan karate hain.dee jarachikitsa chikitsa aur baad key prashikshan mein. kuchh sansthanon mein prashikshan vishesh roop seey jarachikitsa vibhaag mein hotaa haye, jisamen aantarik chikitsa, chikitsa upa-visheshtaon aadi mein aavartan hotey hain. lekin kuchh sansthanon mein, aantarik chikitsa aur upa-visheshtaon mein 2 saal key prashikshan key baad jarachikitsa chikitsa mein ack saal key vishesh prashikshan taka seemit hain.
nyuntam vriddhavastha yogyataaen.
julaai 2007 mein, association off american medical college (aamc) aur johnn aeye. hartford foundation ney jarachikitsa shiksha mein dakshataon parr ack rashtriya sarvasammati sammelan kii mejbani kii, jisamen nyuntam dakshataon (seekhane key parinamon) parr ack aam sahamati bunny kii snaatak chikitsa chhatron koo puraane rogiyon koo nae prashikshuon dwara saksham dekhbhal kaa ashvasana dene kii aavashyakta haye. aathh vishay-vastu kshetron mein chhavis (26) nyuntam jarachikitsa kshamataon kaa samarthan american geriatrics society (aeye. jee. aiss.), american medical association (aeye. aim. aeye.) aur association off directors off geriatric akaadamik prograams (aeye. dee. jee. pee.) dwara kiya gayaa thaa. yeye kshetra hainh sangyanatmak aur vyavhaar sambandhi vikaar; dawa prabandhan; aatm-dekhbhal kshamata; girna, santulan, chaal vikaar; roga kii asamanya prastuti; upshaamak dekhbhal; bujurgon key liye aspatal kii dekhbhal, aur swaasthya dekhbhal yojana aur prachaar. pratyek vishay-vastu kshetra teen yaa adhik avalokan yogya, maapane yogya dakshataon koo nirdisht kartaa haye.
shodh.
umr badhane key saath shareer vigyaan mein parivartan kaee davaaon key avashoshan, prabhavsheelta aur dushprabhaav profile koo badal sakate hain. yeye parivartan maukhik surakshaatmak prativart (laar granthiyon key cumm honey key kaaran munh kaa sookhana), jathrantra pranali mein (jaise thhos aur taral padarthon key deree seey khaali honey seey sambhavatah avashoshan kii gati koo seemit karane key saath), aur shareer kii vasaa aur maanspeshiyon aur dawa unmoolan mein parivartan key saath davaaon key vitaran mein hoe sakate hain.
manovaigyaanik vichaaron mein yeh tathya shamil haye kii bujurg vyakti (vishesh roop seey, joe paryaapt smriti haani yaa anya prakaar kii sangyanatmak haani kaa anubhav curr rahey hain) paryaapt roop seey nigrani karane aur apane swayam key anusoochit aushadhiya prashaasan kaa paalan karane mein saksham honey kii sambhavana naheen haye. ack adhyayan (hutchinson aitt all.2006) ney paaya kii adhyayan mein shamil 25 pratishat pratibhagiyon ney khuraak chhodane yaa unhein aadhe mein kaatane key liye sweekaar kiya. ack tihai pratibhagiyon ney dawa anusuchi key paalan key saath swayam-report kiye gaye gair-anupaalan kii soochana dee. khuraak prashaasan aur samay nirdhaaran kii nigrani aur viniyaman mein madad karane vaale tarikon kaa aage kaa vikas ack aisaa kshetra haye jiss parr dhyaan diyaa jaanaa chaahiye.
ack anya mahatvapurna kshetra anuchit prashaasan aur sambhaavit anuchit davaaon key upayog kii sambhavana haye, aur trutiyon kii sambhavana haye jisake parinamswarup khatarnak dawa kii baatchit hoe sakati haye. bahuuddeshiyata aksar ack bhavishyasoochak kaarak (tope aur anya) hoti haye., 2006). ghar/samudayik swaasthya dekhbhal parr kiye gaye shodh mein paaya gayaa kii "lagbhag 3 mein seey 1 chikitsa aahar mein ack sambhaavit dawa truti hoti haye" (choi aur anya., 2006).
naitik aur chikitsakiya-kanuni mudde.
kabhi-kabhi bujurg vyakti apane liye nirnay naheen leey sakate. hoe sakata haye kii unhone pahale ack power off attorney taiyar kiya hoe aur margadarshan pradaan karane key liye agrim nirdesh diye houn yadi way yeh samajhane mein asamarth hain kii unake saath kyaa hoe rhaa haye, chaahe yeh deerghakaalik manobhransh key kaaran hoe yaa alpakaalik, sudhaar yogya samasya, jaise kii bukhaar seey pralaap key kaaran hoe.
jarachikitsa visheshagyon koo rogiyon kii gopaniyata kaa sammaan karna chaahiye, jabaki unhein uchit aur aavashyak sevaaen milati hain. adhikansh visheshtaon seey adhik, unhein iss baat parr vichaar karna chaahiye kii kyaa rogi key paas tathyon koo samajhane aur nirnay lene kii kanuni jimmedaari aur kshamata haye. unhein soochit sahamati kaa samarthan karna chaahiye aur jaankaari koo rokkar rogi koo herfer karane key pralobhan kaa virodh karna chaahiye, jaise kii kissy sthiti key liye nirashajanak purvanuman yaa ghar parr sergery seey thheek honey kii sambhavana.
bujurgon kaa durvyavahar kissy vriddh aashrit kaa shaaririk, vittiya, bhaavnaatmak, yaun yaa anya prakaar kaa durvyavahar haye. paryaapt prashikshan, sevaaen aur samarthan bujurgon key durvyavahar kii sambhavana koo cumm curr sakate hain, aur uchit dhyaan aksar isaki pehchaan curr sakata haye. bujurg logon key liye joe apani dekhbhal karane mein asamarth hain, jarachikitsa visheshagya vyakti yaa sampatti kii dekhbhal key liye kanuni sanrakshakta yaa sanrakshakta kii sifarish curr sakate hain.
bujurgon kaa durvyavahar taba badhata jaataa haye jaba bujurg rishtedaron kii dekhbhal karane vaalon koo mansik bimari hoti haye. inn vyaktiyon koo mansik swaasthya upchaar mein mansik bimari seey peedit karke durvyavahar key inn udaharanon koo rokaa jaa sakata haye. isake alawa, rishtedaron parr bujurgon kii nirbharta koo cumm karane key uddeshya seey kiye gaye hastakshep sangharsh aur durvyavahar koo cumm karane mein madad curr sakate hain. mansik swaasthya peshevaron dwara sanchaalit parivarik shiksha aur sahaayata karyakram bhee bujurg rogiyon key liye fayademand hoe sakate hain kii way yeh seekhen kii durvyavahar kii or leey jaane vaale sangharsh kaa kaaran baney binaa manochikitsa vikaaron vaale rishtedaron key saath seemaaen kaise nirdhaarit kii jaaen.