
thomas keatley

thomas keatley (17 octuber 1789-4 navambar 1872) ack ayrish lekhak they jinhen pauranik kathaaon aur lokkathaon, vishesh roop seey "purry pauranik kathaaon" (1828) parr unake karyon key liye jaanaa jaataa thaa, baad mein "gome, purry, kalpit kalpit kathaaon aur anya chhote logon key liye vishva maargdarshak" (1978,2000, aadi) key roop mein punarmudrit kiya gayaa.).
keitley iss kshetra mein aadhunik vidvaanon dwara lokkathaon key adhyayan mein ack mahatvapurna agrani they. way ack "tulanaatmak" lock kathaa sangraahak they, joe vibhinn sanskritiyon mein kahaaniyon aur paramparaon key beach samaantaon koo chitrit karate they. ack chaukas vidwan, unhone swachaalit roop seey samaan kahaaniyon koo sanketit prasaran naheen maanaa, jisase iss sambhavana kii anumati millie kii isi tarah kii kahaaniyan swatantra roop seey utpann huin.
shikshak thomas arnold key anurodh parr, unhone angreji, yunani aur anya itihas parr pathyapustakon kii ack shrinkhala likhi, jinhen arnold key ragbi school key saath-saath anya saarvajanik schools mein bhee apanaaya gayaa thaa.
jeevan aur yaatraaen.
keitley, jinka janm octuber 1789 mein huaa thaa, neutown, county kildare key thomas keitley key bete they, aur thomas keitley (1650?) seey sambandhit honey kaa daavaa karate they.- 1719). unhone 4 julaai 1803 koo trinity college, doublin mein pravesh kiya, lekin binaa degree key chaley gaye, aur kharaab swaasthya key kaaran unhein kanuni peshe kii khoj aur ayrish baar mein pravesh chhodane key liye majboor honah padaa.
1824 mein way landan mein buss gaye aur saahityik aur patrakaarita key kaam mein lagey rahey. keitley koo thomas crofton croker kii "dakshin ireland kii purry kinvadantiyon" (1825) mein kahaaniyon kaa yogdan dene key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, halanki ise thheek seey sweekaar naheen kiya gayaa haye. yeh pataa chalaa kii unhone cumm seey cumm ack kahani ("aatma pinjare") lagbhag poori tarah seey apane swayam key mangadhant kii prastut kii, joe croker aur anya logon koo pataa naheen thee.
itali mein samay bitaane key baad, vaha "pariyon kii pauranik kathaaon" mein "pentamerone" yaa "straperola kii raaton" seey kahaaniyon key anuvaad karane mein saksham they, aur unhone rossetti parivaar key kulpita key saath dosti kii. thomas ney bees-visham bhaashaon aur boliyon mein sakshar honey kaa daavaa kiya, aur madhyayugeen aur videshi karyon aur anshon key kaee anuvaad aur paachan prakaashit kiye, jinhen aksar angreji bhasha mein kaheen aur virale roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, jisamen "ogier dha daine" key vistaarit gadya sanskaran shamil hain, joe naayak koo morgan leey phey kii purry bhoomi, yaa nix aur alves parr swedish gaathaagit, jaise "harpons craft" ("harp kii shakti") aur "(" surr oloff inn alve-dance ") key liye vyakt karate hain.
lokakathaaen aur pauranik kathaaen.
keethale lokkathaon key "praarambhik aur mahatvapurna comparitivist sangrahakartaon" mein seey ack they, aur "lokkathaon kii praarambhik pustak" purry pauranik kathaaen "uchch maanak sthaapit karati hain.
pariyon kii pauranik kathaaen.
1828 mein keatley ney "purry pauranik kathaa", 2 khand prakaashit kiye., doubleu dwara chitrit. aich. brook. methology dair phene unda alphen" (1828) kaa ack german anuvaad jaldi hii dikhaai diyaa. kahaa jaataa haye kii jacob grim ney kaam kii prashansa kii thee. yeh apane samay mein victorian lokkatha shodhkartaon aur saahityik hastiyon key beach lokpriya thaa; 1850 mein ack vistaarit sanskaran dikhaai diyaa, aur 1860 mein ack nayaa prastut kiya gayaa. baad mein ise aadhunik samay taka beach-beach mein phir seey jaari kiya gayaa, jisase ack praarambhik jeevanikaar dwara ise "bhavpurn" kahane key bavjood, apane kaam key liye keatley kii apani "amarta kii uchch aashaon" koo unaki prastaavana mein pramaanit kiya gayaa.
keitley koo ingland mein mithak aur lokkathaon key adhyayan key liye bhaaiyon key drishtikon key praarambhik abhyaasak key roop mein maanaa jaataa haye, joe anya kshetron key dharmon aur pauranik kathaaon key saath ack rashtra key mithak key beach samaantaon kii khoj karate hain. iss prakaar keatley ney gothic aur teatonic jadon taka purry mithak kaa pataa lagaane kaa prayaas karke shuruat kii, jaisa kii gusson ney kalpit baunon key liye kiya thaa. keatley, gambhir shabdon kii tarah, antatah iss nishkarsh parr pahunche kii ack mithak kaa antim ekal srot taka pataa lagaana asambhav thaa, aur usa samanantar mithak koo "gyaan key vichaar seey samajhaaya jaa sakata haye kii maanav prakriti [joe] samaan haye", aur isi tarah key anubhav aur pratikriyaen maanav jaati mein saajha kii jaati hain.
rinn parr vivaad.
keitley ney tii mein yogdan diyaa thaa. crofton croker kii "purry kinvadanti" (1825-1828), aur keatley koo apani khud kii pustak likhane key liye protsaahit kiya jaanaa shayed croker key prakaashan kaa sabse mahatvapurna parinam thaa. lekin yeh ack asahaj sthiti thee, kyonki keitley koo spasht roop seey keitley kii sahaayata koo thheek seey sweekaar naheen karane key liye croker parr gussa aaya thaa, bhale hii 1850 key sanskaran kii prastaavana mein, keitley paristhitiyon koo adhik sauhaardpurna roop seey bataate hue, croker koo "landan mein merey shuruati saahityik doston mein seey ack" key roop mein sambodhit karate hain.
purry pauranik kathaaon" mein ack chayan "dha soul cage" naamak ack ayrish matsyangana kahani thee, joe ack tarah kii afwah saabit hui. purush kii merrie kahani pahali baar croker key sankalan mein chhapi thee, lekin keitley ney "purry pauranik kathaa" key baad key sanskaran key saath iss kahani mein ack futnote jodaa, yeh ghoshana karate hue kii unhein "yahaan ack imandar sweekaarokti karni chaahiye", aur paathak koo soochit kiya kii "kisan aur jalman" kii german kahani seey anukoolit kahani key kernell koo chhodkar, yeh ayrish kahani poori tarah seey unakaa aavishkaar thaa.
prakaashan kaa itihas.
purry pauranik kathaa" key kaee mudran hue (1833,1850,1878, aadi).) 19veen shatabdi mein. 1878 key sanskaran koo ack shatabdi baad "dha worled guide too gnomes, fairies, alves aind adar little peepal" (newyorkah avenell books, 1978) key roop mein punah mudrit kiya gayaa thaa.
pracheen yunan kii pauranik kathaaen.
keatley key "pracheen grees aur itali kii pauranik kathaaon koo school key upayog key liye" (1831) kii vishay koo "mahilaaon key liye upayukt" banaane key liye thurlwall dwara sarahana kii gaee thee."isamen, chronus dwara apane pitaa koo ksheen karane key liye dridh daranti (" "harpe" ") kaa upayog mootramaarg key" "vikrit" "honey key kaary key roop mein kiya gayaa haye. yeh nott kiya gayaa haye kii keatley ney yunani pauranik kathaaon key liye dhaarmik drishtikon key vipareet adhik aitihaasik-vaigyaanik drishtikon apanaaya.
kahaaniyan aur lokpriya kalpanaaen.
keatley kii "kahaaniyan aur lokpriya kalpanaaen; unaki samaantaaen aur desh seey desh mein prasaran", 1834 mein prakat hue. unhone pustak koo teen bhaagon mein vibhajit kiya, joe kahaaniyan unake anusaar madhya poorv seey europe mein prasaarit kii gaeen, joe ullekhaniya samaantaa kaa pradarshan karane vaale kathaa samooh they lekin jinhen unhone swatantra roop seey kalpana kii thee, aur joe unhein bhramit karate they.
aitihaasik kritiyaan.
keitley lambe samay seey nirdeshaatmak upayog aur lokpriya gyaan key liye aitihaasik niyamavali key sankalan mein vyast they. unake "itihas kii ruprekha" lardner key "cabinet cyclopedia" (1829) key shuruati khandon mein seey ack thaa. unakaa "yunani swatantrata key yuddh kaa itihas" (1830) khand lx banaata haye. aur ell. aiks. aaee.. sipahi kii vividhata."
ruprekha" key baad, ragbi school key shikshak thomas arnold ney keatley seey schools mein upayog kiye jaane vaale madhyam aakar key itihas kii ack shrinkhala parr kaam karane kaa aagrah kiya. "ingland kaa itihas" (1837-39), 2 khand.halanki johnn lingard parr adharit, lekhak kii catholic pravrittiyon kaa mukabala karane kaa irada thaa. anya pathyapustakon kaa anusaran kiya gayaah "grees kaa itihas" (1835); rome (1836); roman samrajya (1840); bhaarat (1846-7). unake "grees key itihas" kaa aadhunik yunani mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa. keitley ney ack adhyayan upkaran key roop mein bhee sankalit kiya "keitley key grees key itihas parr prashn" aur rome (1836), aur angreji itihas (1840) parr ack mein unake roman, greek aur itihas key yuva chhatron key liye adhyaay dwara aayojit itihas prashnottari kii ack lambi soochi shamil thee.
keitley ney kahaa kii unhone school key kamare key liye itihas samagri banaane kii maang kii joe kii oliver swarnakaar key "itihas" mein sudhaar thaa, unhone khud koo kaary key barabar maanaa, aur jaba unake khitaab "god (sanskaran)" liye gaye tou unhein iska saboot milaa.. eaton, hairo, ragbi, winchester aur kaee anya badey saarvajanik schools key alawa, kaee niji schools dwara unaki upasthiti parr turant."1850 mein, keitley ney apane aitihaasik nishkarsh key baare mein" "abhee taka bejod" "key roop mein likhaa, aur lambe samay taka bejod hoe sakata haye."keitley kaa" "rome kaa itihas" "german shaastriya itihaaskaar barthold jorg nibuhar key shram seey vyutpann thaa, aur keitley key sanrakshak yaa maargdarshak ernold nibuhar key drishtikon key graahak they.
saimuel vaaran, apane "kanuni adhyayan" mein, teesara sanskaran. 1854 (i. 235-6,349), unake aitihaasik kaary kii atyadhik prashansa karate hain. lekin unhone apane sabhi pradarshanon koo hasyaspad roop seey adhik aanka, aur kissy bhee bhasha mein rome kaa sabse achchha itihas likhane key unake daave, yaa kunwari aur kamukta koo nyaaypurna roop seey mahatva dene vaale pahale vyakti honey key unake doston dwara sweekaar naheen kiya jaa sakaa. apane jeevan key antim varshon key dauran unhein sivil soochi seey pension millie. 4 navambar 1872 koo kent key erith mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
pahale seey ullikhit karyon key alawa, keatley "dharmayuddh key samay key dharmayuddh, yaa drishya, ghatanaaen aur paatron" (1834) key lekhak they. unaki "madhya yug kii gupt samitiyaan" ("manoranjak gyaan kaa pustakalaya" 1837) shuru mein gumnam roop seey prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa, aur unaki ichcha key khilaf, aur baad mein 1848 mein punah mudrit kiya gayaa thaa.
saahityik aalochanaaen.
keitley ney virgil key "bucolics aind georgics" (1847) kaa sampadan kiya, jise unake "virgil key bucolics aur georgics parr tippaniyon key saath excurses, pashupalan key shabdon aur ack flora virgiliana" (1846) dwara purvanirdhaarit kiya gayaa thaa. unake dwara sampaadit anya lattin classics horres, "vyangya aur upakhyan" (1848), ovid, "fasty" (1848), aur salust, "catilina aur jugurtha" (1849) they.
milton adhyayan.
keitley ney milton (2 voles) kaa ack annotated sanskaran banaaya. 1859) key saath-saath unaki aalochanatmak jeevani "johnn milton key jeevan, raay aur lekhan kaa vivaran, jisamen khoye hue swarg kaa parichay haye" (1855). 20veen shatabdi aur usase aage key adhyayanon mein unaki antardrishti kii baarikiyon koo kabhi-kabhi lagu kiya gayaa haye, tulanaa kii gaee haye aur virodhabhasi haye. teen shataabdiyon () seey milton parr pichhali tippaniyon key ack sarvekshan mein unhein "vishisht file" mein soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye.
milton kii kavitaon mein sanketon kii sarahana key liye shaastriya greco-roman pauranik kathaaon aur mahakavyon key saath parichit honey kii aavashyakta hoti haye; ack americi samkaaleen thomas bullfinch key shabdon koo udhaar lene key liyeh "milton bharpur matra mein haye.. shaastriya pauranik kathaaon key liye sanket, aur vishesh roop seey" bahut adhik bikhare hue "poore milton key" swarg khou gayaa ". keitley ack tippanikar they jinhone milton key pauranik sroton kaa saavdhaanipoorvak pataa lagaaya. keatley kii kuchh trutipurna tippaniyon koo ingit kiya gayaa haye. unhone tark diyaa kii milton ney galati kii jaba unhone "tyton, swarg key pahale janme" kii baat kii, koee bhee divya vyakti naheen thaa jise tyton naam diyaa gayaa thaa, kewal tyton kii ack jaati thee. halanki yeh haziod key "theogony" dwara nirdhaarit vanshavali key anusaar aisaa hoe sakata haye, yeh bataaya gayaa haye kii milton ney vaikalpik sroton kaa achchi tarah seey upayog kiya hoga, jaise kii lactantius key "divin sansthaan" ("divya sansthaan"), joe annius koo iss prabhaav key liye uddhrit kartaa haye kii uranus key dou bete they, tyton aur sattern.
isi tarah milton key angelology key sambandh mein, keitley ney kuchh sahee avalokan kiye they, lekin unhone srot koo jyaadaatar bible taka seemit curr diyaa thaa, aur galatiyan keen, jaise kii ack sikke key roop mein angel ethurial kii pehchaan karna.
anya tippani.
keitley ney shekspeare (6 khand) kaa ack aprakaashit sanskaran bhee prakaashit kiya. 1864), isake baad "shekspeare expositorh shekspeare key natakon kii sahee samajh key liye ack sahaayata" (1867) naamak ack adhyayan guide.
keitley koo yeh pahali baar dekhane kaa shreya diyaa jaataa haye kii chausar kii squire kii kahani puraane francisi romans, edense leey roee key "chlomedes" seey lii gaee haye.
unhone heinry fielding kii pracheen "haith" aur "doth" ("fraser kii patrika", 1858) kaa upayog karane kii vishishtata key baare mein bhee likhaa, binaa kissy tippanikar koo sweekaar kiye jisane unake saamane vahee avalokan kiya thaa.
dost aur parivaar.
gabriele rosetti key mitra, aur daante parr baad vaale key vichaaron key dridh samarthak, keatley, una mutthi bhar gair-italiyanon mein seey ack bunn gaye, jinhone daante gabriele rosetti aur unake bhaai-bahanon key bachpan key dinon mein parivaar key saath samajik sambandh banaae. keatley kii "purry pauranik kathaa" una pustakon mein seey ack thee joe duss saal kii umr taka padhee jaati theen.
villium michael rosetti key "sansmaran" mein kahaa gayaa haye kii keitley key paas "unake bhatije aur god liye gaye bete, shree key roop mein thaa. alfred chawarth liester "joe ack priya mitra bunn gayaa. daante gabriel rosetti dwara iss bhatije kii ack kalam aur syaahi kii samaantaa maujood haye, dinank 1855. rossetti parivaar key lekhan keatley key sambandhit rishtedaron yaa unake baad key niji jeevan parr kuchh anya khuli jaankaari pradaan karate hain. villium rosetti dwara 4 janwari 1866 koo belveder mein keitley key ghar mein ack aadhyatmik sabhaa kaa ack record, apane aap mein manoranjak, upasthiti mein "dou miss keitley" kii pehchaan kartaa haye, "villium saimuel keitley" naamak ack rishtedaar jisaki 1856 mein mrityu hoe gaee thee, joe satra mein apani aadhyatmik upasthiti banaa chuka thaa. yeh bhee tippani kii gaee haye kii iss avadhi taka, keatley "patthar-badhir" key roop mein simore kirkap bunn gayaa thaa, ack vyakti joe aadhyatmikta aur darshan key mamalon parr keatley key saath mell khaata thaa.

