
open-loop niyantrak

niyantran siddhant mein, ack open-loop niyantrak, jise gair-feedback niyantrak bhee kahaa jaataa haye, ack niyantran pranali kaa ack niyantran loop hissa haye jisamen niyantran kaarravaai "prakriya utpaadan" seey swatantra haye, joe prakriya charr haye jise niyantrit kiya jaa rhaa haye. yeh yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye pratikriya kaa upayog naheen kartaa haye kii kyaa isake output ney input kamaand yaa prakriya nirdhaarit bindu key vaanchhit lakshya koo praapt curr liya haye.
kaee open-loop niyantran hain, jaise kii valve, machinary, light, motor yaa heater koo chaalu/bund karna, jahaan niyantran parinam pratikriya kii aavashyakta key binaa samanya paristhitiyon mein lagbhag paryaapt honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. inn mamalon mein open-loop niyantran kaa upayog karane kaa laabh ghatak kii ginati aur jatilata mein kamee haye. haalaanki, ack open-loop pranali kissy bhee truti koo thheek naheen curr sakati haye joe yeh baahari gadbadi key liye karati haye yaa sahee karati haye, aur ack bund-loop niyantran pranali key vipareet machine learning mein sanlagn naheen hoe sakati haye.
anuprayog.
ack open-loop niyantrak kaa upayog aksar saral prakriyaon mein kiya jaataa haye kyonki isaki saralata aur cumm laagat hoti haye, vishesh roop seey una pranaliyon mein jahaan pratikriya mahatvapurna naheen hoti haye. ack vishisht udaaharan ack purana model gharelu kapade sukhaane vaalaa hoga, jisake liye samay kii lambai poori tarah seey maanav sanchaalak key nirnay parr nirbhar haye, jisamen kapadon kii sukhaapan kii koee swachaalit pratikriya naheen haye.
udaaharan key liye, ack sinchai chhidkaav pranali, joe nirdhaarit samay parr chaalu karane key liye prograam kii gaee haye, ack khuli-loop pranali kaa ack udaaharan hoe sakata haye yadi yeh pratikriya key roop mein mitty kii namee koo naheen maapata haye. bhale hii lonn parr barish hoe rahee hoe, tou bhee sprinkler pranali samay parr sakriya hoe jaayegi, jisase paani barbad hoe jaayega.
ack anya udaaharan sthiti key niyantran key liye upayog kii jaane vaali stepper motor haye. ise vidyut daalon kii ack dhaara bhejane seey yeh thheek usee kaee charanon seey ghoomata haye, isaliye iska naam padaa haye. yadi motor koo hamesha pratyek andolan koo sahee dhang seey karane key liye maanaa jaataa thaa, binaa sthitigat pratikriya key, tou yeh open-loop niyantran hoga. haalaanki, yadi praarambh yaa samaapti kii sthiti koo ingit karane key liye ack sthiti encoder, yaa sensor haye, tou vaha bund-loop niyantran haye, jaise kii kaee inkjet printer mein. steppers key open-loop niyantran kii kamee yeh haye kii yadi machine kaa bhaar bahut adhik haye, yaa motor bahut jaldi jaane kaa prayaas karati haye, tou kadmon koo chhod diyaa jaa sakata haye. niyantrak key paas iska pataa lagaane kaa koee saadhan naheen haye aur isaliye machine reset honey taka samaayojan seey thodi baahar chala rahee haye. iss kaaran seey, adhik jatil robot aur machine upkaran isake bajaay stepper motors key bajaay servomotor kaa upayog karate hain, jisamen encoder aur bund-loop niyantrak shamil hotey hain.
haalaanki, open-loop niyantran achchi tarah seey paribhaashit pranaliyon key liye bahut upayogi aur aarthik haye jahan input aur parinami sthiti key beach sambandh koo ganitiya sootra dwara vishvasaniya roop seey model kiya jaa sakata haye. udaaharan key liye, ack sthir bhaar chalaane vaali vidyut motor koo diye jaane vaale voltage kaa nirdhaaran karna, ack vaanchhit gati praapt karane key liye ack achchha anuprayog hoga. lekin aggar bhaar anumaanit naheen thaa aur atyadhik hoe gayaa thaa, tou motor kii gati kewal voltage key roop mein naheen, balki bhaar key kaary key roop mein bhinn hoe sakati haye, aur ack khula-loop niyantrak wegg key dohrao yogya niyantran koo sunishchit karane key liye aparyaapt hoga.
iska ack udaaharan ack conveyor pranali haye joe ack sthir gati seey yatra karane key liye aavashyak haye. ack sthir voltage key liye, conveyor motor parr bhaar key aadhar parr ack alag gati seey aage badhega (yahaan conveyor parr vastuon key vajan dwara darshaaya gayaa haye). conveyor koo nirantar gati seey chalaane key liye, motor key voltage koo bhaar key aadhar parr samaayojit kiya jaanaa chaahiye. iss mamle mein, ack bund-loop niyantran pranali aavashyak hogi.
iss prakaar kaee open-loop niyantran hain, jaise kii switch karane vaale valve, light, motor yaa heater chaalu aur bund, jahaan parinam pratikriya kii aavashyakta key binaa lagbhag paryaapt honey key liye jaanaa jaataa haye.
pratikriya niyantran key saath sanyojan.
feed-forward (yaa open-loop) niyantran key saath ack peedi niyantrak kii pratikriya (yaa bund-loop niyantran) koo jodkar feed-back niyantran pranali, jaise kii peedi niyantrak mein sudhaar kiya jaa sakata haye. pranali key baare mein gyaan (jaise kii vaanchhit twaran aur jadata) koo aage badhaaya jaa sakata haye aur samagr pranali pradarshan mein sudhaar key liye pee. aaee. dee. output key saath jodaa jaa sakata haye. kewal feed-forward moolya aksar niyantrak utpaadan kaa pramukh hissa pradaan curr sakata haye. pee. aaee. dee. niyantrak koo mukhya roop seey setpoint (aiss. pee.) aur open-loop niyantran key liye pranali pratikriya key beach joe bhee antar yaa "truti" bunny rahati haye, usaki bharpai karni hoti haye. choonki feed-forward output prakriya pratikriya seey prabhaavit naheen hotaa haye, isaliye yeh kabhi bhee niyantran pranali koo dolan kaa kaaran naheen bunn sakata haye, iss prakaar sthirata koo prabhaavit kiye binaa pranali pratikriya mein sudhaar hotaa haye. feed forward nirdhaarit bindu aur atirikt maapi gaee gadbadi parr adharit hoe sakata haye. setpoint waiting feed forward kaa ack saral roop haye.
udaaharan key liye, adhikansh gati niyantran pranaliyon mein, niyantran mein ack yaantrik bhaar koo tej karane key liye, actuator seey adhik bull kii aavashyakta hoti haye. yadi ack wegg loop pee. aaee. dee. niyantrak kaa upayog bhaar kii gati koo niyantrit karane aur actuator dwara lagu kiye jaa rahey bull koo adesh dene key liye kiya jaa rhaa haye, tou vaanchhit tatkalik twaran, usa maan koo uchit roop seey maapana aur ise pee. aaee. dee. wegg niyantrak key utpaadan mein jodana fayademand haye. iska matlab haye kii jaba bhee bhaar koo tej yaa dheema kiya jaa rhaa haye, tou pratikriya moolya kii parwah kiye binaa actuator seey bull kii aanupaatik matra kii aagya dee jaati haye. iss sthiti mein pee. aaee. dee. loop pratikriya jaankaari kaa upayog sanyukt utpaadan koo badalane key liye kartaa haye taaki prakriya nirdhaarit bindu aur pratikriya moolya key beach shesh antar koo cumm kiya jaa sakey. ack saath kaam karate hue, sanyukt open-loop feed-forward niyantrak aur bund-loop pidd niyantrak kuchh sthitiyon mein adhik uttardaayi niyantran pranali pradaan curr sakate hain.