
zaamosh kilaa

zaamosh kilaa () zaamosh (dakshinpurvi polland) shahar key saath milkar nirmit kilebandi kaa ack samooh haye. iska nirmaan 1579 aur 1618 key beach kiya gayaa thaa, aur nirmaan kii shuruat kuladhipati aur hetman zaan zamoysky dwara kii gaee thee. yeh polish-lithuanian rashtramandal key sabse badey kilon mein seey ack thaa, jise itane thhos roop seey banaaya gayaa thaa kii yeh baadh key dauran cossack aur sweeden donon key hamalon kaa virodh karane mein saksham thaa. ise 1866 mein neeche leey jaaya gayaa thaa, halanki tukade butch gaye they.
kull milakar, kilaa chhah gherabandi seey gujra, jisamen seey pahala 1648 mein khamelnitsky vidroh key dauran huaa thaa. aathh saal baad yeh sweeden seey ghiraa huaa thaa, joe 1703 mein phir seey vahaan aae, phir 1809 mein, yuddh key duchy kii senaa ney, jisane ise austriyai logon seey chheen liya. sabse lamba 1813 kaa zaamosh kii gherabandi thee, jaba 8 maheene taka polish senaa ney rusiyon seey kille kaa bachaav kiya. antim gherabandi navambar key vidroh key dauran hui, jaba zaamosh polish raksha kaa antim bindu thaa joe rusiyon key haathon gir gayaa. iss beach purana hoe chuka kilaa 1866 mein bund curr diyaa gayaa thaa.
nirmaan aur baad mein parivartan.
zaamosh kilaa, saath hii zaamosh kaa shahar, kuladhipati zaan zamoysky key dimag kii upaj haye, jinhone 16 veen shatabdi key uttaraardh mein kaheen bhee beach mein ack nayaa, niji shahar khojane kaa faisala kiya, jiska naam unake naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. foundation charter 3 aprail, 1580 koo jaari kiya gayaa thaa, aur shahar kaa pahala naam vipresec nadee dwara zamoshi thaa.
kilebandi aur shahar donon kii yojana itailiyan vastukar dwara padua, bernardo morando seey banaai gaee thee. unhone dou sthaaniya nadiyon-topornica aur labunka kaa laabh uthaane kaa faisala kiya, jinake paani kaa upayog khaai koo bharane key liye kiya jaataa thaa.
pahala mahal 1579 mein banaaya gayaa thaa, aur agale varshon mein atirikt imaraton koo jodaa gayaa-shastragar (1582), lublin gett (1588), lvo gett (1599) aur zezebrazeen gett, 1603 mein blaze gokman dwara puuraa kiya gayaa, pratyek mein ack drobridge thaa. poore parisar koo 1620 taka ack anya italvi vastukar, andrea dell 'akwa dwara samaapt naheen kiya gayaa thaa, jise zaan wolf aur zaan jarosovic dwara madad kii gaee thee. kille koo ack seaptangle key roop mein aakar diyaa gayaa thaa, jisamen saat burj they, joe ack dusare seey lagbhag 200 meater kii doori parr sthit they, kyonki yeh 17veen shatabdi kii topkhaane kii seema thee. kilaa, apane prabhaavshaali eenton key kaam key saath, 12 meater oonchaa aur 2.5 meater motaa, polish-lithuanian rashtramandal key sabse aadhunik aur sabse badey gadhon mein seey ack thaa, jisamen commienic podolsky bhee shamil thaa.
1683 mein, vastukar zaan michael link ney kille kaa aadhunikikaran shuru kiya, joe 1694 taka chalaa. divaaron koo majboot kiya gayaa, aur dou chhote burjon koo ack badey burj dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa. inn karyon key baad, kille kii marammat 1809 taka naheen kii gaee thee, jaba yuddh key duchy kii sarkaar ney kaee parivartanon mein bhaari nivesh kiya thaa. nae dwaar banaae gaye, dou puraane dwaar eenton seey banaae gaye, burjon koo badhaaya gayaa. haalaanki, roose parr francisi aakraman key kaaran kaam puuraa naheen huaa thaa.
congress polland kii sarkaar dwara aage key sudhaar jaari rakhe gaye, jisane 1820 mein shahar koo ordinat stanislau kostka zamoysky seey khareed liya. divaaron seey 1200 meater key bheetar sabhi imaraton koo nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 2400 meater key dayare mein, kewal lakadi kii sanrachanaon kii anumati thee. ack blockhoss kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa aur saath hii vyaapak parichhed bhee banaae gaye they. shahar mein imaraton koo phir seey banaaya gayaa taaki way senaa kii seva curr sakein. unhein barok sajawat seey hataa diyaa gayaa aur neoclassistic shally mein punarnirmit kiya gayaa.
pahali gherabandi.
navambar 1648 mein, khamelnitsky vidroh key dauran, zaamosh bohdan khamelnitsky aur tuge bey kii kamaan mein sanyukt cosack-taataar balon seey ghiraa huaa thaa. kille kii raksha elblog ludwick vehar aur vladislav mazzkowski key castellan key tahat lagbhag 4700 sainikon dwara kii gaee thee. shahar kii divaaron key bheetar, laal ruthenia, podolia aur volhinia kii bhoomi seey kaee sharanarthi they.
5 navambar koo dushman ney aas-paas key gaanvon koo jalaa diyaa, lekin kilaa khud achhoot thaa. isake turant baad, cossack engineeron ney dakshini tealey seey paani nikaalane mein kamyabi hassil kii, jisase usa kshetra mein deewaar ujagar hoe gaee. haalaanki, khamelnitsky kii senaa aparyaapt thee, aur sardi najdeek aaa rahee thee. choonki rakshak apani kathin sthiti seey bhee avagat they, isaliye donon pakshon ney ack yuddhaviram parr hastakshar kiye. 20, 000 taalar kii keemat parr, cossack-taataar balon ney gherabandi koo samaapt karane kaa faisala kiya aur sardiyon key liye ghar laut aae.
doosari gherabandi.
1655 kii garmiyon mein, sanyukt russo-cosack senaayen kille key paas pahunchin, lekin unhone ise pakadane kii koshish naheen kii. isake bajaay, jaba usa varsh key anta mein zaan dwiteeya zamoysky ney polland key raajaa johnn dwiteeya kasimir kaa samarthan karane kaa faisala kiya, tou zaamosh koo sweeden dwara gher liya gayaa thaa (dekhenh jalpralaya (polish itihas)), jisake sanic 25 farwari, 1656 koo gadh key dwaar parr dikhaai diye. kuchh dinon key baad, raajaa charles aiks gustaav senaa mein shamil hoe gaye.
sweeden ney topkhaane key saath shuruat kii, lekin bhaari bandookon kii kamee key kaaran, yeh safal naheen huaa. kuchh dinon key bheetar, charles aiks gustaav ney mahsoos kiya kii zaamosh parr kabja karna, jisake kille 1648 seey majboot kiye gaye they, asambhav thaa, aur 1 march koo, aakramankariyon ney peechhe hutt liya. zaamosh kii swedish gherabandi kaa varnan baad mein heinrich sienkiviz ney apani lokpriya pustak dha deluze (upanyaas) mein kiya thaa. agale saal, george dwiteeya raakozi key netritva mein parsi senaa zaamosh key paas dikhaai dee, lekin usane shaktishali kille parr kabja karane kii koshish bhee naheen kii. ack kinvadanti key anusaar, jaba swedish pratinidhi shahar mein aae aur kille key aatmasamarpan kaa prastaav rakhaa, tou zaan 'sobipan' zamoysky ney jawab diyaah "main apane liye swami huun aur main sweeden koo zaamosh naheen doonga.
yuddh key antim charan mein, zaamosh swedish senaa key uchch padasth adhikaariyon key liye ack jail thaa. vahaan rakhe gaye logon mein feeled marshel arvid wittenberg bhee they, jinaki praakritik karanon seey jail mein mrityu hoe gaee thee.
teesari gherabandi.
17veen shatabdi key anta mein rashtramandal kaa patan huaa, joe kille kii marammat kii samanya sthiti mein parilakshit huaa. mahaan uttari yuddh ney zaamosh koo naheen chhoda, kyonki 11 farwari, 1703 koo, general magnus steinbock key tahat swedish ikaaiyaan gadh key paas aaeen aur ise gher liya. haalaanki, ack saptah key baad, sweeden key loga agale saal atirikt sainikon key saath lautane key liye vaapas chaley gaye. kewal 260 parr giney gaye polish rakshak hamlaavaron kaa virodh karane mein asamarth they aur unhone jaldi seey aatmasamarpan curr diyaa. swedish kabja chhota thaa aur 1705 mein, russie sainikon ney ordinut tomaz jozef zamoysky kii anumati seey zaamosh mein pravesh kiya. 1000 russie senaa meey 1706 taka vahaan rahee.
chauthi gherabandi.
polland key vibhajan key baad, zaamosh austriyai samrajya kaa hissa bunn gayaa, jiska yeh 1809 taka hissa thaa. napolean yuddhon key dauran, rajkumar jozef poniatovsky key netritva mein, yuddh key duchy kii ikaaiyon ney zaamosh koo gher liya aur ise pakadane mein kamyab rahey. gherabandi 15 maee, 1809 koo shuru hui, jaba samanya ignacy key tahat ikaaiyaan kamiensky kille key paas aaeen, jisaki chhaavani mein curnell ferdinand wonn pulsky kii kamaan mein 3000 sanic shamil they. dou dinn baad, polish senaa koo francisi general jeane pelletier key tahat atirikt ikaaiyon dwara majboot kiya gayaa, jinhone polish senaa mein seva kii. polish-francisi balon mein shamil honey key liye sthaaniya aabaadi dwara sahaayata kii gaee, kaee austriyai bharti bhee polish they, aur hamale key dauran, yeye sanic ladaai mein khud koo shamil naheen karate they. hamla maee kii raat mein huaa 19/20,1809,2 seey 4 a taka.aim. mukhya prabhaav lublin gett parr nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa, jisane austriyai logon koo aashcharyachakit curr diyaa, kyonki way sabse kamjor, dakshini deewaar parr hamale kii ummeed curr rahey they. kille parr kuchh ghanton key baad kabja curr liya gayaa. gherabandi key pratibhagiyon mein seey ack, joanna zubrova, gunee sainya praapt karane vaali pahali mahila baneen.
paanchvin gherabandi.
roose (1812) parr napolean key asafal aakraman key baad, kille koo russie balon dwara gher liya gayaa thaa, joe farwari 1813 mein zaamosh key paas gaye they. samanya mauri heke key tahat polish rakshakon koo achchi tarah seey taiyar kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen 4000 sanic, 130 topein aur chaar maheene key liye khaadya aapoorti thee. rusiyon koo samanya rath dwara adesh diyaa gayaa thaa, aur unaki sankhya 160 topon key saath 17,000 (agast 1813 key liye) taka anumaanit haye. gherabandi key kuchh hafton key baad, kille mein scurvy kii mahamari fail gaee. haalaanki, yeh prabandhit kiya gayaa thaa aur zaamosh kii polish raksha kaee maheenon taka jaari rahee. juuna key madhya mein, donon pakshon ney ack asthaayi yuddhaviram parr hastakshar kiye aur rusiyon ney kille koo avaruddh karane key liye apani grishmakaaleen kaarrvaaiyon koo seemit curr diyaa. maheenon kii gherabandi ney rakshakon key sansadhanon aur aapoorti koo samaapt curr diyaa. octuber 1813 mein, lagbhag 1200 sanic beemar they aur lagbhag sabhi bhookhe marr rahey they. sabhi ghode, kutte aur billiyaan khaa lii gaeen, ack maheene key bheetar 450 loga marr gaye. 22 octuber koo, leapsig kii ladaai mein napolean kii haar kii khabar zaamosh taka pahunch gaee, aur isane dhruvon kii aatmaon koo cumm curr diyaa. aatmasamarpan karane kaa nirnay aathh maheene kii gherabandi key baad 19 navambar koo liya gayaa thaa. 4000 rakshakon mein seey 1500 kii mrityu hoe gaee, jyaadaatar bimari aur bhookh seey. kilaa congress polland kaa hissa bunn gayaa.
chhathi gherabandi.
navambar vidroh key dauran, kilaa polish pratirodh key mukhya kendron mein seey ack thaa. juuliyan sierawski aur baad mein zaan kraisinsky kii kamaan mein, isaki senaa mein 3800 sanic shamil they. zaamosh lublin key kshetra mein kaam karane vaali polish ikaaiyon kaa ack aadhar thaa, haalaanki, austroke kii ladaai mein polish kii haar key baad, rusiyon ney pahal kii. zaamosh kii nakabandi julaai 1831 mein shuru hui, aur kille ney desh key antim pratirodh bindu key roop mein 21 navambar koo aatmasamarpan curr diyaa.
kille aur aadhunik samay kaa parisamapan.
navambar key vidroh key baad, kille mein girawat aaee. yuddh mein takniki pragati nirnaayak thee aur anta mein, roose key zaar alekjendar dwiteeya ney 1866 mein aadhikarik taur parr gadh koo bund curr diyaa. agale varshon mein, kilebandi key badey hisson koo dhwast curr diyaa gayaa.
1992 mein, zaamosh, joe europe mein punarjagaran shahari leout key shaastriya smarakon mein seey ack haye, koo unesco dwara vishva kii saanskritik viraasat kii soochi mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa.