sansmaran

sansmaran (;,) lekhak kii vyaktigat yaadon parr adharit koee bhee gair-kaalpanik kathaa lekhan haye. iss prakaar kaary mein kiye gaye daave tathyaatmak maane jaate hain. jabaki sansmaran koo aitihaasik roop seey 20veen shatabdi key anta seey jeevani yaa aatmakatha kii ack upashreni key roop mein paribhaashit kiya gayaa haye, shally koo roop mein alag kiya gayaa haye, joe ack sankeern dhyaan prastut karati haye, aamtaur parr kissy key jeevan yaa currier mein ack vishesh samay charan. ack jeevani yaa aatmakatha "ack jeevan kii kahani" bataati haye, jabaki ack sansmaran aksar ack vishesh carrier, ghatana yaa samay kii kahani bataata haye, jaise kii lekhak key jeevan mein sparsh key kshan aur modd. sansmaran key lekhak koo sansmarankar yaa smarakkar key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaa sakata haye.
praarambhik sansmaran.
pracheen kaal seey sansmaran likhe gaye hain, jaisa kii julius seasure kii "commentary dee bello galico" dwara dikhaaya gayaa haye, jise "gallic yuddhon parr tippaniyon" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye. iss kaary mein, seasure una nau varshon key dauran hui ladaaiyon kaa varnan kartaa haye joe usane sthaaniya senaaon seey ladane mein bitaaye they. unakaa doosara sansmaran, "commentary dee bello sivil" (yaa "grihyuddh parr tippaniyan") una ghatnaaon kaa ack vivaran haye joe 49 aur 48 eesaa poorv key beach gnaeus pompeous aur senate key khilaf grihyuddh mein hui theen. prasiddh libanius, bayanbaji key shikshak, joe anumaanit 314 aur 394 esvi key beach rahate they, ney apane jeevan sansmaran koo apane saahityik bhashanon mein seey ack key roop mein taiyar kiya, jinhen unake adhyayan kii gopaniyata mein jore seey padhane key liye likhaa gayaa thaa. iss tarah key sansmaran pracheen grees aur rome mein iss vichaar koo sandarbhit karate hain, kii sansmaran "memo", yaa adhure aur aprakaashit lekhan key tukadon kii tarah they, jinka upayog ack lekhak baad mein ack adhik taiyar dastaavez banaane key liye smriti sahaayata key roop mein curr sakata haye.
sarashina nikki" heyan kaal mein likhe gaye praarambhik japani sansmaran kaa ack udaaharan haye. iss samay key dauran pustak lekhan kii ack shally, nikki bungaku, ubhari.
madhya yug mein, villehardouin key geophrey, jeane dee joinville aur phillip dee commins ney sansmaran likhe, jabaki iss shally koo punarjagaran key anta mein, blaze dee montlook aur margaret off valois key karyon key madhyam seey darshaaya gayaa thaa, kii vaha aadhunik shally mein apane "sansmaran" likhane vaali pahali mahila theen.
17veen aur 18veen shatabdi koo shamil karate hue gyaan kii ayu taka, sansmaranon key kaam anthany ashley-cooper, shaftsbury key pahale earl; fraans key rajkumar dee marcelech francois dee laa rochefocold; aur luis dee reuveroy, duke dee sent-saiman, jinhone laa ferte-widem key mahal mein apane parivaar key ghar parr "sansmaran" likhe they. sant-saiman koo ack aisaa lekhak maanaa jaataa thaa joe kathaa aur charitra vikas key liye uchch star kaa kaushal rakhta thaa, lekin unaki mrityu key baad taka hii ack sansmarankar key roop mein unake kaam koo maanyata millie, jisake parinamswarup saahityik prasiddhi hui.
athaarahavin shatabdi seey.
18veen key uttaraardh seey laker 20veen shatabdi key madhya taka, sansmarankaron mein aam taur parr way loga shamil they joe apane chune hue peshe key bheetar ullekhaniya they. inn lekhakon ney apane saarvajanik karnamon key baare mein apane swayam key khaate koo record karane aur prakaashit karane key tareeke key roop mein likhaa. lekhakon mein rajneta yaa adalat key samaaj key loga shamil they aur baad mein sainya netaaon aur vyapariyon ney bhee unake saath juda gaye. inn models key liye ack apavaad heinry david thoro kaa 1854 kaa sansmaran "walden" haye, joe walden talab key paas nirmit ack kebin mein dou varshon key dauran unake anubhavon koo prastut kartaa haye.
beesavin shatabdi key yuddh sansmaran unaki apani ack shally bunn gaye, jisamen pratham vishva yuddh seey, ernst junger ("steel kaa toofaan") aur fredrick manning kaa "usake niji humm" shamil hain. yuddh key dauran naazi germany dwara karawas kaa dastavejikaran karane vaale sansmaranon mein primo levi kaa "aggar yeh ack aadami haye" shamil haye, jisamen italvi pratirodh andolan key sadasya key roop mein unaki giraftari shamil haye, jisake baad aushwitz mein ack kaidi key roop mein unakaa jeevan; aur ellie visel kaa "raat", joe aushwitz, bunaa varke aur buchenwald yaatana shiviron mein unake samay seey pahale aur usake dauran unake jeevan parr adharit haye.
aaj key sansmaran.
1990 key dashak kii shuruat mein, aam logon dwara likhe gaye sansmaranon mein achaanak uchhaal aaya, kyonki logon kii badhati sankhya koo ehsas huaa kii unake poorvajon aur unaki apani kahaaniyan kuchh hudd taka takniki pragati key avsaron aur vichalit karane key parinamswarup gayab honey vaali theen. usee samay, manovigyaan aur anya shodhon seey pataa chalane lagaa kii vanshavali seey parichit honey seey logon koo duniya mein apana sthaan khojane mein madad milati haye aur jeevan sameeksha logon koo apane ateet key saath samjhauta karane mein madad karati haye.
21veen sadee key pahale dashak mein saste digital pustak utpaadan key aagaman key saath, shally mein visfot huaa. kalaa yaa aitihaasik dastaavez key saahityik kaary key bajaay, ack vyaktigat viraasat koo paarit karane key tareeke key roop mein likhe gaye sansmaran, ack vyaktigat aur parivarik jimmedaari key roop mein ubhar rahey hain.
vyaktigat itihaskaron kaa sangathan peshevaron key liye ack vyaapaar sangh thaa joe vyaktiyon, parivaaron aur sangathanon koo unaki jeevan kahaaniyon kaa dastavejikaran karane mein sahaayata karate they. yeh 2017 mein bhang hoe gayaa.
sangrah.
itihas koo sanrakshit karane kii ruchi vyakt karane key saath, kuchh sangathan apane kaam koo safal banaane key liye sambhaavit sansmarankaron key saath kaam karate hain. udaaharan key liye, diggajon kii itihas pariyojana, una logon key sansmaranon koo sankalit karati haye jinhone sanyukt raajya sashastr balon kii ack shakha mein seva kii haye-vishesh roop seey una logon ney jinhone sakriya yuddh dekhaa haye.
shikshaavid.
sansmaran' shabd kaa upayog kuchh shaikshanik sandarbhon mein ack vidwan vishay parr ack nibandh kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. udaharanon mein bhoovaigyaanik maanchitron key saath vyakhyatmak granth shamil hain.

