
francis richter

francis charles richter (26 janwari, 1854-12 farwari, 1926) ack americi patrakaar they jinhone "khel jeevan" kii sthaapana seey laker isake nidhan taka key sansthaapak aur sampaadak key roop mein kaary kiya, aur 1901 mein apani sthaapana seey "reech guide" key sampaadak they. ack lekhak aur baseball adhikaariyon key sahayogi key roop mein, way khel key praarambhik vikas mein prabhaavshaali they.
jeevani.
philadelphia mein janme, richter apani yuvavastha seey hii ack patrakaar they. ack shaukiya baseball khilaadi key roop mein unakaa praarambhik currier ack amulya upkaran thaa, jisane unhein khel aur khilaadiyon key jeevan ("reech guide", 1926) key baare mein antardrishti kii ack samriddh aapoorti pradaan kii.
1872 mein unhone "philadelphia divas" key saath apane currier kii shuruat kii, aur jaba vaha pepper aathh saal baad bund huaa, tou unhone patrakaarita kii duniya mein ack safal prabandh sampaadak key roop mein apani pratishtha sthaapit kii. unhone "ravivaar kii duniya" key liye likhana shuru kiya aur "saarvajanik khaata-jokha" mein kaam karate hue usa yug kaa desh kaa pahala samachar patra khel vibhaag shuru kiya. richter ney 1882 mein mool american association off baseball key gathan mein aur isamen philadelphia athletics koo rakhane mein madad kii. agale saal, "bear aur whisky leag" aur isake ravivaar key baseball seey naraj hocker, unhone rashtriya leag mein philadelphia philies koo vyavasthit karane mein madad kii.
1883 mein richter ney "khel jeevan" kii sthaapana kii, joe baseball parr jore dene key saath sabhi khelon key coverage key liye samarpit ack saptahik patrika thee. richter ney desh bhar seey samvaaddaataon koo kaam parr rakhaa. way usa patrika key pahale sampaadak they, joe baseball kaa mukhpatra aur rashtriya manoranjan mein ack mahaan shakti bunn gaee. ack varsh key bheetar prasaar badhkar 20,000 hoe gayaa thaa, aur 1886 taka yeh 40,000 parr thaa. shuru mein pratyek ank mein 16 prishth they aur duss sent mein bick gaye.
12 disambar, 1887 koo, richter aur anya baseball patrakaron ney sinsinati mein bases ball reporter association off america kaa gathan kiya, jise national bases ball reporter association key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye.
1902 mein richter ney americi leag key sansthapakon key saath shamil honey key liye jahaaj koo kood diyaa. way kaee varshon taka vishva shrinkhala key adhikaari rahey aur unhone baseball kaa itihas likhaa.
unhone 1917 taka "khel jeevan" mein bhrashtachar kii sambhaavit samasyaon key baare mein chetavani dee, jaba pratham vishva yuddh key prakop key kaaran isake darwaaje hamesha key liye bund hoe gaye they.
12 farwari, 1926 koo unaki mrityu hoe gaee.
prabhaav.
20veen shatabdi kii pahali timahi key anta taka, richter ney baseball kii sabse prabhaavshaali hastiyon mein seey ack key roop mein pratishtha hassil curr lii thee. vaastav mein, unhone itani prasiddhi hassil curr lii thee kii 1907 mein rashtriya leag ney unhein leag kii adhyakshata kii peshkash kii. richter ney iss prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa, isake bajaay baseball koo badhaava denaa chaahte hue "khel koo ack rashtriya manoranjan (" pahunch guide ", 1926, pee. 351).
1920 mein black socks ghotale key baad khel koo apane sabse kaale ghotale key madhyam seey dekhate hue, richter khel koo inn unchaaiyon taka leey jaane mein safal rahey. unhone apane pratishthit lekhan currier koo jaari rakhaa, hamesha apani mrityu seey ack dinn pahale taka rashtriya khel mein sudhaar karane kii koshish kii.
baseball aur khel bhavna koo badhaava dene mein, vetan yuddhon mein ack khilaadi key vakeel key roop mein, 1892 mein rashtriya aur americi sangh key baarah-team rashtriya leag mein ekikaran mein ack bull key roop mein, ack nae rashtriya samjhaute key gathan mein (jahaan, halanki, unhone sweekrit aarakshit khand kaa virodh kiya), pratishthit niyam samitiyon mein, aur juaa key khilaf ack mukhpatra key roop mein richter kii bhoomika thee. prachaar, abhilekh rakhane aur janmat koo aakar dene jaise kshetron mein unaki pramukh bhoomikaaen theen. way 1884 key union association aur isaki philadelphia team key vittiya samarthak they. unhone naee leag koo "gulam khilaadiyon kii mukti dene vaalaa aur aarakshit khand kaa dushman" ghoshit kiya (white, 1966, pee. 130).
1890 mein khilaadiyon kii leag kii viphalata key baad, richter ney apani nishtha badal dee, "khel samachar" mein likhaa kii "iss saare shore aur bhram key beach starr ball khilaadi ekmatra aisaa haye joe haar naheen sakata haye, chaahe koee bhee paksh jeete" (shau, 2003).
way "baseball key itihas aur recordh americi rashtra kaa mukhya khel" (philadelphiyah khel jeevan prakaashan company., 1914).
reech official guide" key 1926 sanskaran koo puuraa karane key ack dinn baad, 71 varsh kii ayu mein, 12 farwari, 1926 koo apane philadelphia ghar mein richter kaa nidhan hoe gayaa. mrityu kaa kaaran bronchial pneumonia thaa. unake parivaar mein unaki patni helen aur unake dou bachche they, aur unhein rockland section mein binaa kissy dhumdham key dafnaya gayaa thaa, joe kii baalaa synvid, pensylvania mein west laurel hill kabristan mein 248 thaa.
1926 key "spaulding guide" mein shraddhanjali.
shree. richter ney "khel jeevan" kii sthaapana kii aur way bases ball key khel key sambandh mein duniya key sabse achche jaankaar purushon mein seey ack they. unhone samay-samay parr niyamon mein badalaav kii vakaalat kii, 1891 mein american association aur national leag key ekikaran mein sahaayata kii, aur ack samay mein unhein national leag kii adhyakshata kii peshkash kii gaee thee. kaee varshon taka shree. richter ney "reech kii american leag guide" kaa sampadan kiya aur hamesha peshevar khel kii uchch naitikta key samarthak rahey. vaha clean bases ball key liye they aur ack rashtriya manoranjan key roop mein khel key liye sarvshreshth neetiyon kaa mahaan bases ball lekhakon key sabhi samoohon mein koee majboot samarthak naheen thaa, joe taba phalane-phoolane lagey jaba bases ball apane chhote parivesh seey door honey luggy thee.

