
faa (darshan)

cheeni darshan mein faa (;) ack avadharana haye joe naitikta, tark aur kaanoon koo shamil karati haye. ise kuchh sandarbhon mein "kaanoon" key roop mein anuvaadit kiya jaa sakata haye, lekin aksar "model" yaa "maanak" key roop mein."pahali baar mohist school off thot mein mahatva praapt karate hue, avadharana koo mukhya roop seey kaanunvaad mein vistrit kiya gayaa thaa. haan fei key darshan mein, raajaa "faa" (kaanoon) kaa ekmatra srot haye, joe aam logon koo sikhaaya jaataa haye taaki ack saamanjasyapurna samaaj hoe joe sanyog, avyavastha aur "visheshaadhikaar key liye appeal" seey mukt hoe. uchch adhikaariyon koo "aff. aeye". (kaanoon yaa protocol) seey oopar naheen rakhaa jaanaa thaa, naa hii unhein swatantra roop seey apana "aff. aeye" banaane kii anumati dee jaani thee, joe karyakari adhikaar aur kaanoon key shasson donon koo ekjut kartaa thaa.
zunzi, ack daarshanik joe haan rajvansh key confucius mein moolbhoot honey key naate samaapt hoe gayaa thaa, ney bhee "faa" koo apanaaya, yeh sujhaav dete hue kii iska mulyankan kewal confucius rishi dwara kiya jaa sakata thaa (;), aur yeh kii sabse mahatvapurna "faa" way anushthaan they jinka mozi ney apane aadambarpurna apashisht aur badey paimaane parr logon key liye laabh kii kamee key liye upahaas kiya thaa.
mohism aur naamon kaa school.
faa" kii avadharana ney pahali baar mohist school off thot mein mahatva praapt kiya. mozi key liye, ack maanak koo isaki prabhavkarita aur naitikta nirdhaarit karane key liye "teen parikshanon" kaa saamana karna padata haye. inn parikshanon mein seey pahala pareekshan isaki utpatti thee; yadi maanak koo shiya rajvansh key ardh-pauranik rishi raajaon key karyon yaa vichaaron mein prathamikta millie thee, jinake udaaharan shaastriya cheeni darshan mein aksar uddhrit kiye jaate hain. doosara pareekshan vaidhata kaa thaa; kyaa model logon key anuman mein saboot key liye khadaa haye? teesara aur antim pareekshan prayojyata kaa thaa; yeh antim pareekshan shuddh laabh kaa ack upayogitaavaadi anuman haye, joe yadi lagu kiya jaataa haye, tou maanak logon aur raajya donon parr hoga.
teesara pareekshan iss tathya seey baat kartaa haye kii mohiston key liye, ack "aff. aeye" kewal ack amoort model naheen thaa, balki ack sakriya upkaran thaa. vaastavik duniya mein "aff. aeye". kaa upayog aur vyaavhaarik anuprayog mahatvapurna they. phir bhee model key roop mein "aff. aeye" kaa upayog baad key mohist tark mein bhee kiya gayaa thaa joe kii katauti tark mein upayog kiye jaane vaale siddhanton key roop mein they. shaastriya cheeni daarshanik tark shabdansh key bajaay saadrishya parr adharit thaa, isaliye tulanaa key madhyam seey taarkik daavon kii vaidhata nirdhaarit karane key liye "faa" kaa upayog benchmark key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. vishesh roop seey teen "faa" they jinka upayog inn baad key mohiston (yaa "tarkvidon") dwara aise daavon kaa aaklan karane key liye kiya gayaa thaa, jinka ullekh pahale kiya gayaa thaa. pahale koo ack "mool" maanak maanaa jaataa thaa, joe prathamikta aur utpatti key liye ack chinta kaa vishay thaa. doosara, ack "srot", anubhavvaad key liye ack chinta. teesara, ack "upayog", ack maanak key parinam aur vyaavhaarik upayogita key liye ack chinta. inn teen "faa" kaa upayog mohiston dwara samajik kalyan koo badhaava dene aur dikhaava yaa vyarth key kharch kii ninda karane donon key liye kiya gayaa thaa.

