
sabse kharaab nishpaadan samay

ack computational kaary kaa sabse kharaab nishpaadan samay (doubleu. see. ee. tii.) ack vishisht hardware platform parr kaary koo nishpaadit karane mein lagane vaale samay kii adhikatam lambai haye.
iska upayog kiss liye kiya jaataa haye.
sabse kharaab mamle mein nishpaadan samay kaa upayog aamtaur parr vishvasaniya vaastavik samay pranaliyon mein kiya jaataa haye, jahaan software key sabse kharaab mamle key samay vyavhaar koo samajhana vishvasaniyata yaa sahee karyatmak vyavhaar key liye mahatvapurna haye. 
udaaharan key liye, ack computer pranali joe ack vaahan mein ack injan key vyavhaar koo niyantrit karati haye, usey ack vishisht samay key bheetar input kaa jawab dene kii aavashyakta hoe sakati haye. ack ghatak joe pratikriya samay banaata haye vaha haye software koo nishpaadit karane mein bitaaya gayaa samay-isaliye yadi software key sabse kharaab mamle mein nishpaadan samay nirdhaarit kiya jaa sakata haye, tou system kaa designer iska upayog anya takneekon jaise kii samay nirdhaaran vishleshan key saath yeh sunishchit karane key liye curr sakata haye kii system paryaapt teji seey pratikriya kartaa haye.
jabaki doubleu. see. ee. tii. kaee vaastavik samay pranaliyon parr sambhaavit roop seey lagu hotaa haye, vyavhaar mein doubleu. see. ee. tii. kaa ashvasana mukhya roop seey vaastavik samay pranaliyon dwara upayog kiya jaataa haye joe uchch vishvasaniyata yaa suraksha seey sambandhit hain. udaaharan key liye, vaayujanit software mein software parr kuchh dhyaan dene kii aavashyakta haye, joe kii dee. oh. 178see khand 6.3.4 dwara haye. motor vaahan pranaliyon mein software kaa badhata upayog bhee software key doubleu. see. ee. tii. vishleshan kaa upayog karane kii aavashyakta koo badhaa rhaa haye.
kuchh pranaliyon key design mein, doubleu. see. ee. tii. kaa upayog aksar schedulability vishleshan key liye ack input key roop mein kiya jaataa haye, halanki mahatvapurna pranaliyon mein doubleu. see. ee. tii. kaa ack adhik samanya upayog yeh sunishchit karane key liye haye kii vibhajan-anusoochit pranali jaise kii aeye. aar. aaee. see. 653 mein poorv-aavantit samay bajat kaa ullanghan naheen kiya jaataa haye.
ganana.
embedded computing key shuruati dinon seey, embedded software developers ney yaa tou upayog kiya haih
inn donon takneekon kii seemaaen hain. anta seey anta taka maap sabse lambe maarg koo praapt karane key liye software pareekshan parr ack uchch bojh daalate hain; ginati nirdesh kewal saral software aur hardware parr lagu hotey hain. donon hii mamalon mein, truti key liye ack antar kaa upayog aksar apramaanit code, hardware pradarshan anuman yaa galatiyon key liye kiya jaataa haye. 20 pratishat key antar kaa aksar upayog kiya jaataa haye, halanki iss aankade key liye bahut cumm auchitya kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, aitihaasik vishvaas key liye ("yeh pichhali baar kaam kiya"). 
jaise-jaise software aur hardware kii jatilata badhee haye, unhone upkaran samarthan kii aavashyakta koo prerit kiya haye. sthaitik vishleshan aur maap donon mein jatilata teji seey ack mudda banati jaa rahee haye. yeh nirnay lena mushkil haye kii truti kaa antar kitna vyaapak honah chaahiye aur software pranali kitni achchi tarah seey parkhi gaee haye. pareekshan key dauran praapt uchch-jall chihn parr adharit pranali suraksha tarkon kaa vyaapak roop seey upayog kiya jaataa haye, lekin software aur hardware key cumm anumaanit honey key kaaran unhein sahee thaharaana kathin hoe jaataa haye.
bhavishya mein, yeh sambhavana haye kii suraksha mahatvapurna pranaliyon key liye ack aavashyakta yeh haye kii unakaa vishleshan sthir aur maap-adharit donon drishtikonon kaa upayog karke kiya jaataa haye.
vichaar.
vishleshan dwara doubleu. see. ee. tii. khojane kii samasya rukane kii samasya key barabar haye aur isaliye samanya roop seey hull karane yogya naheen haye. saubhagya seey, jiss tarah kii pranaliyon key liye engineer aamtaur parr doubleu. see. ee. tii. dhoondhana chaahte hain, software aamtaur parr achchi tarah seey sanrachit hotaa haye, hamesha samaapt hoe jaayega aur vishleshan yogya hotaa haye.
ack doubleu. see. ee. tii. khojane key liye adhikansh tarikon mein anuman shamil hotey hain (aamtaur parr ack goal oopar kii or jaba anishchitataaen hoti hain) aur isaliye vyavhaar mein sateek doubleu. see. ee. tii. koo aksar apraapya maanaa jaataa haye. isake bajaay, doubleu. see. ee. tii. key liye anumaanon kaa utpaadan karane key liye vibhinn takneeken. way anuman aamtaur parr nirashawadi hotey hain, jiska arth haye kii anumaanit doubleu. see. ee. tii. vaastavik doubleu. see. ee. tii. (joe aamtaur parr vaanchhit hotaa haye) seey adhik maanaa jaataa haye. doubleu. see. ee. tii. vishleshan parr bahut kaam vishleshan mein nirashawad koo cumm karane parr haye taaki anumaanit moolya system designer key liye moolyavaan honey key liye paryaapt cumm hoe.
doubleu. see. ee. tii. vishleshan aamtaur parr ekal dhaage, kaary yaa prakriya key nishpaadan samay koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. haalaanki, aadhunik hardware parr, vishesh roop seey multy-core, system mein anya kaary kissy diye gaye kaary key doublueset koo prabhaavit karenge yadi way kaish, memori laainen aur anya hardware suvidhaon koo saajha karate hain. isake alawa, kaary anusuchana ghatnaaon jaise kii avaruddh karna yaa baadhaon koo doubleu. see. ee. tii. vishleshan mein maanaa jaanaa chaahiye yadi way kissy vishesh pranali mein hoe sakate hain. isaliye, usa sandarbh parr vichaar karna mahatvapurna haye jisamen doubleu. see. ee. tii. vishleshan lagu kiya jaataa haye.
swachaalit drishtikon.
uparokt manual takneekon seey parey doubleu. see. ee. tii. kii ganana karane key liye kaee swachaalit drishtikon hain. inmein shamil hainh
sthir vishleshan takneeken.
ack sthir doubleu. see. ee. tii. upkaran computer software koo seedhe hardware parr nishpaadit kiye binaa usaki jaanch karke doubleu. see. ee. tii. kaa anuman lagaane kaa prayaas kartaa haye. 1980 key dashak key anta seey iss kshetra mein sthir vishleshan takneekon kaa anusandhaan parr prabhutva rhaa haye, halanki ack audyogik setting mein, anta seey anta taka maap key drishtikon maanak abhyaas they.
sthir vishleshan upkaran kissy karyakram key kaary kii sanrachana koo nirdhaarit karane key liye ack uchch-star parr kaam karate hain, yaa tou srot code key ack tukade parr kaam karate hain yaa dwiaadhaari nishpaadan yogya koo alag karate hain. way apane sabhi vishisht visheshtaon key saath vaastavik hardware key baare mein samay kii jaankaari kaa upayog karate hue nimn-star parr bhee kaam karate hain, jiss parr kaary nishpaadit hoga. una dou prakaar key vishleshanon koo jodkar, upkaran kissy diye gaye hardware platform parr diye gaye kaary koo nishpaadit karane key liye aavashyak samay parr ack oopari seema dene kaa prayaas kartaa haye.
nimn-star parr, sthir doubleu. see. ee. tii. vishleshan vaastushilp visheshtaon kii upasthiti seey jatil haye joe processor key ausat-mamle key pradarshan mein sudhaar kartaa haih udaaharan key liye nirdesh/detta kaish, shakha bhavishyavani aur nirdesh pipeline. yadi inn aadhunik vaastushilp visheshtaon koo vishleshan dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale samay model mein dhyaan mein rakhaa jaataa haye tou yeh sambhav haye, lekin teji seey kathin hoe rhaa haye, taaki tanga seema nirdhaarit kii jaa sakey.
isaliye europeeya vimanan suraksha agency jaise pramanan adhikaari model satyapan suit parr bharosa karate hain. 
sthir vishleshan key parinamswarup saral hardware key liye achche parinam mille hain, halanki sthir vishleshan kii ack sambhaavit seema yeh haye kii hardware (vishesh roop seey cpu) ack jatilata taka pahunch gayaa haye jise model karna behad kathin haye. vishesh roop seey, modeling prakriya kaee sroton seey trutiyon koo pesh curr sakati haih chip design mein trutiyaan, pralekhan kii kamee, pralekhan mein trutiyaan, model nirmaan mein trutiyaan; sabhi aise mamalon kii or leey jaate hain jahan model vaastavik hardware parr dekhe gaye vyavhaar seey alag vyavhaar kii bhavishyavani kartaa haye. aamtaur parr, jahaan kissy vyavhaar kaa sateek anuman lagaana sambhav naheen haye, ack nirashawadi parinam kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye, jisase runn-time parr praapt kissy bhee cheez kii tulanaa mein doubleu. see. ee. tii. kaa anuman bahut badaa hoe sakata haye. 
bahu-core processors parr tanga sthir doubleu. see. tii. anuman praapt karna vishesh roop seey kathin haye. 
kaee vaanijyik aur shaikshanik upkaran hain joe sthir vishleshan key vibhinn roopon koo lagu karate hain.
maap aur sankar takneek.
maap-adharit aur sankar drishtikon aamtaur parr vaastavik hardware parr laghu code khandon key nishpaadan samay koo maapane kaa prayaas karate hain, jinhen phir uchch star key vishleshan mein jodaa jaataa haye. upkaran software kii sanrachana koo dhyaan mein rakhate hain (jaise.jee. loop, shaakhaaen), badey karyakram key doubleu. see. ee. tii. kaa anuman lagaane key liye. iska tark yeh haye kii jatil software mein sabse lambe maarg kaa pareekshan karna kathin haye, lekin isake kaee chhote ghatakon mein sabse lambe maarg kaa pareekshan karna aasaan haye. sabse kharaab sthiti prabhaav koo pareekshan key dauran kewal ack baar dekhane kii aavashyakta hoti haye taaki vishleshan koo isake vishleshan mein anya sabse kharaab sthiti kii ghatnaaon key saath jodaa jaa sakey.
aam taur parr, software key chhote khandon koo swachaalit roop seey upkaran (software mein marker jodane) yaa hardware samarthan jaise dibger aur cpu hardware tracing module kaa upayog karke maapa jaa sakata haye. inn markers key parinamswarup nishpaadan kaa ack nishan milata haye, jisamen karyakram key madhyam seey liya gayaa maarg aur vaha samay shamil haye jiss parr vibhinn binduon koo nishpaadit kiya gayaa thaa. isake baad anurekhan kaa vishleshan yeh nirdhaarit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye kii karyakram key pratyek bhaag ney nishpaadit karane key liye adhikatam samay liya haye, pratyek loop kaa adhikatam avalokan punaravritti samay kyaa haye aur kyaa software key koee aise bhaag hain joe apramaanit hain (code coverage).
maap-adharit doubleu. see. ee. tii. vishleshan key parinamswarup saral aur jatil donon hardware key liye achche parinam mille hain, halanki sthir vishleshan kii tarah yeh bahu-core sthitiyon mein atyadhik nirashawad kaa saamana curr sakata haye, jahaan ack core key dusare parr prabhaav koo paribhaashit karna mushkil haye. maap kii ack seema yeh haye kii yeh pareekshan key dauran sabse kharaab sthiti key prabhaavon koo dekhane parr nirbhar kartaa haye (halanki aavashyak roop seey ack hii samay mein naheen). yeh nirdhaarit karna kathin hoe sakata haye kii kyaa sabse kharaab sthiti key prabhaavon kaa pareekshan kiya gayaa haye.
kaee vaanijyik aur shaikshanik upkaran hain joe maap-adharit vishleshan key vibhinn roopon koo lagu karate hain.
shodh.
sabse sakriya shodh samooh sweeden (mallardalen, linkoping), germany (sarbrucane, dortmund, brunschweig), france (tollhouse, sackley, renes), austriya (vienna), yuke (university off york aind rapita systems limitted), itali (bologna), spen (cantabria, valencia), aur switzerland (zurich) mein hain. haal hii mein, code-star key samay vishleshan key vishay parr america (uttari carolina, florida), kanada, australia, bangladesh (mbi laib aur rds), saudi arab-ukua (hise laib), singapur aur bhaarat (iit madras, iskay bangalore) mein shodh samoohon dwara europe key baahar adhik dhyaan diyaa gayaa haye.
doubleu. see. ee. tii. tool challenge.
pahali antarrashtriya doubleu. see. ee. tii. tool chunauti 2006 kii sharad ritu key dauran hui thee. yeh vishvavidyalaya dwara aayojit kiya gayaa thaa aur embedded system design parr utkrishtata key kalakar 2 network dwara praayojit thaa. chunauti kaa uddeshya sabse kharaab sthiti nishpaadan samay kaa vishleshan karane mein vibhinn drishtikonon kaa nireekshan karna aur unaki tulanaa karna thaa. karyon key liye surakshit oopari seema nirdhaarit karane mein saksham sabhi upalabdh upkaran aur prototype ney bhaag liya haye. antim parinam navambar 2006 mein cyprus key paphos mein isola 2006 antarrashtriya sangoshthi mein prastut kiye gaye they.
2008 mein doosari chunauti hui.

