
daniel coffman (arthashastri)

daniel coffman praakritik sansaadhan shasson sansthaan (aine. aar. jee. aaee.) key maanad adhyaksh hain, joe rajaswa nigrani sansthaan-praakritik sansaadhan charter key vilay key parinamswarup huaa. vaha brooking sansthaan mein ack anivasi varishth saathi bhee hain, jahaan way pahale ack varishth saathi they, aur julaai 2019 taka nishkarshan udyog paardarshita pahal key antarrashtriya board mein aur shasson, bhrashtachar virodhi aur praakritik sansadhanon parr kaee salaahkaar boardon mein kaary kiya aur uchch stariya visheshagya aayogon jaise kii aarthik sahyog aur vikas sangathan, antar-americi vikas baink aur moe ibrahim foundation mein bhee rahey hain. isase pahale, way vishva baink sansthaan mein nideshak they, joe shasson aur bhrashtachar virodhi karyon mein agrani they. way vishva baink mein ack varishth prabandhak aur pramukh arthashastri bhee they, jinhone duniya bhar key kaee deshon mein lekhan aur kaam kiya, aur harvard vishvavidyalaya mein ack visiting scholar they. unhone ateet mein vishva aarthik munch sahit anya boardon aur parishadon mein bhee kaam kiya haye.
praarambhik jeevan.
coffman kaa janm aur paalan-poshan chilly key santiago mein huaa thaa, joe 1939 mein germany seey bhaag gaye yahudi pravasiyon kaa betaa thaa. baad mein usey bee. aeye. milaa.aeye. jerusalam mein hibru vishvavidyalaya mein arthshastra aur saankhyiki mein aur baad mein ack aim.aeye. aur pee. aich.dee. harvard mein arthshastra mein.
carrier.
vishva baink mein, unhone purvi europe aur poorv soviyat sangh, africa aur lattin america mein karyakramon parr kaam karane key saath-saath duniya bhar mein anuprayukt anusandhaan kaa sanchaalan kiya. pahale ack varishth arthashastri key roop mein aur phir ack pramukh arthashastri key roop mein, unhone vyaapaar, udyog, niji kshetra, viniyaman, samashti arthshastra, shasson aur bhrashtachar virodhi parr visheshagyata praapt kii. soviyat sangh key patan key baad, vaha ukraine key liye vishva baink key mission key pahale pramukh bunn gaye, jahan unhone aarthik sudhaaron key liye baink key samarthan karyakram kaa netritva kiya, saath hii bhrashtachar aur anaupchaarik arthavyavastha koo maapane key liye sarvekshan takneekon kaa vikas kiya. isake baad, vishva baink sansthaan key nideshak key roop mein, unhone vaishvik shasson aur bhrashtachar virodhi karyakram kii shuruat kii aur netritva kiya. unhone shodh vibhaag mein pramukh arthashastri key roop mein bhee kaary kiya aur baad mein vitt, viniyaman aur shasson ikai key prabandhak baney. unhone kaee prakashanon aur pustakon kaa saha-lekhan kiya, jaise kii vishva vikas report, aur "vikas kii gunavatta", "duniya bhar mein nivesh kaa mahaul" aur "shasson key mamle" shrinkhala.
way harvard mein ack atithi vidwan bhee they. 2009 seey, coffman brooking sansthaan seey sambaddh haye, pahale ack varishth saathi key roop mein, shasson aur bhrashtachar virodhi kaary kaa netritva curr rhaa haye, aur 2012 key anta seey, ack anivasi varishth saathi key roop mein. 2012 aur 2020 key beach, vaha praakritik sansaadhan shasson sansthaan (aine. aar. jee. aaee.) key adhyaksh aur see. ee. oh. they, joe ack swatantra vaishvik neeti sansthaan haye joe anusandhaan aur sakshya-sanchaalit neeti salah aur vakaalat parr kendrit haye, aur ack darjan seey adhik deshon mein sanchaalan kartaa haye. vaha 31 julaai, 2020 koo aine. aar. jee. aaee. mein maanad rashtrapati baney.
coffman ack shodhkarta, raajyon key netaaon, bahupakshiya sangathanon, udyog aur gair-sarkari sangathanon key neeti salaahkaar hain. way shasson aur vikas parr lagaatar mukhya vaktaa bhee hain. apani teams key saath, unhone desh shasson key liye sanketkon key nirmaan key liye drishtikon vikasit kiye hain (jaise.jee.vishva star parr shasson sanketak aur praakritik sansaadhan shasson sansthaan kaa sansaadhan shasson soochkaank) aur sushasana aur bhrashtachar virodhi karyakramon key liye naidaanik upkaran aur sarvekshan vidhiyon koo taiyar kiya.
unhone aarthik vikas, shasson, anaupchaarik arthavyavastha, samashti arthshastra, nivesh, bhrashtachar, nijikaran aur shahari aur shram arthshastra parr apane shodh key aadhar parr deshon koo vyaavhaarik salah bhee dee haye. saha-lekhakon key saath unake lekhan samajik vigyaan anusandhaan network mein sabse adhik download kiye jaane vaale hain.
peshevar yogdan.
shasson aur bhrashtachar.
1990 key dashak key dauran vishva baink mein rahate hue, coffman aur unake sahayogi art cray ney vishvavyaapi shasson sanketak (doubleu. jee. aaee.) vikasit kiye. vishvavyaapi shasson sanketak shasson key chhah aayamon koo maapate hainh aavaaj aur jawabdehi, raajneetik sthirata aur hinsa kii anupasthiti, sarkari prabhavsheelta, niyaamak gunavatta, kaanoon kaa shasson aur bhrashtachar kaa niyantran. doubleu. jee. aaee. pariyojana 1996 seey 200 seey adhik deshon koo shamil karati haye aur ise vaarshik aadhar parr adyatan kiya jaataa haye. sanketkon key nirmaan key liye upayog kii jaane vaali karyapranali duniya bhar key shasson sanketkon mein paaee jaa sakati haih karyapranali aur vishleshanatmak mudde. doubleu. jee. aaee. sanketkon kaa upayog kaee sangathanon, deshon, jokhim mulyankan agencies aur udyog nikaayon dwara kiya jaataa haye. apane paddhatigat drishtikon, desh key coverage aur dou dashakon seey adhik samay taka deshon key shasson pradarshan kii nigrani karane kii kshamata key alawa, doubleu. jee. aaee. pahala aisaa sanketak bhee thaa joe truti key apane margine (vishvaas antaral) key maap koo matratmak roop seey sambodhit kartaa thaa, jisase kshetra mein ack pravritti shuru hoti thee.
vishva baink mein sahyogiyon key saath, unhone gahan, desh mein shasson aur bhrashtachar virodhi naidaanik upkaranon key vikas aur karyanvayan kaa bhee netritva kiya, jinhen shasson sudhaar karyakramon key liye input key roop mein darjanon deshon mein kiya gayaa thaa.
raajya kabja aur kanuni bhrashtachar.
coffman ney apane sahyogiyon key saath shasson aur bhrashtachar koo maapane key liye nae drishtikon bhee vikasit kiye, pahale parivartan mein uttar-samajwadi deshon parr dhyaan kendrit kiya, aur joel hellman key saath, raajya parr kabja karane kii chunauti key roop mein label kii gaee ack pariyojana shuru kii, jisane 1990 key dashak key anta mein poorv soviyat sangh kii sankraman arthvyavasthaon kaa vishleshan kiya (lekhon mein jaise "raajya parr kabja karein, dinn parr kabja karein, raajya parr kabja karein, bhrashtachar aur sankraman mein prabhaav"). raajya parr kabja karane kii dhaarana taba seey adhik vyaapak roop seey lagu hoe gaee haye, aur haal hii mein unhone dakshin africa parr raajya parr kabja karane key aaropon kii nyaayik jaanch aayog koo iss vishay parr visheshagya gawahi pradaan kii haye.
raajya parr kabja karane key kuchh pahaluon seey sambandhit, joe hamesha sakhti seey avaidh naheen hotey hain, coffman ney "kanuni bhrashtachar" kii dhaarana key baare mein likhaa thaa.apane saha-lekhak, pedro vicent key saath, unhone vishleshan kiya kii kuchh krityon koo vaidh banaane key liye kaanoonon koo kaise aakar diyaa jaa sakata haye, jise ack vyaapak sarvasammati anaitik yaa bhrasht maan sakati haye.
sushasana aur bhrashtachar virodhi karyakram.
coffman ney haal key varshon mein sansaadhan samriddh deshon aur praakritik sansaadhan kshetra parr dhyaan kendrit karane sahit vaishvik, kshetriya aur rashtriya star parr shasson, bhrashtachar aur raajya kabja mamalon parr kaam karna aur salah denaa jaari rakhaa. unhone bhrashtachar koo door karane aur vikas kii sambhaavanaon mein sudhaar key saath-saath manvadhikaron aur bhrashtachar niyantran key beach sambandhon key liye nagrik swatantrata kii prasangikta parr bhee shodh kiya haye. vaha haal hii mein bahupakshiya sangathanon key liye uchch stariya salaahkaar samitiyon key visheshagya sadasya bhee rahey hain, jaise kii antar-americi vikas baink, lattin america aur carribean mein bhrashtachar virodhi, paardarshita aur akhandata parr visheshagya salaahkaar samooh kii navambar 2018 kii report kaa saha-lekhak, (2019 kii sheersh pustakon mein seey ack key roop mein videshi mamalon dwara chunaa gayaa) saath hii saath usa sangathan key liye bhrashtachar virodhi aur akhandata parr uchch-stariya salaahkaar samooh key sadasya key roop mein aarthik sahyog aur vikas key liye sangathan koo ack report key saha-lekhak key roop mein.
praakritik sansaadhan shasson.
praakritik sansaadhan shasson sansthaan, jiska netritva coffman kartaa haye, ney 2017 mein sansaadhan shasson soochkaank jaari kiya. soochkaank sansaadhan samriddh deshon mein paardarshita aur jawabdehi parr kendrit haye aur sarvekshan kiye gaye adhikansh deshon mein paryaapt shasson aur karyanvayan ghaate parr sakshya pradaan kartaa haye, jabaki ubharati arthvyavasthaon sahit safaltaon kii pehchaan bhee kartaa haye. shasson aur praakritik sansadhanon parr haal key anya prakaashan brooking sansthaan mein dikhaai diye hain aur saath hii vittiya samay mein raay bhee. unake kaam kaa vyaapak roop seey akaadamik halakon aur antarrashtriya media mein ullekh kiya jaataa haye.
chayanit prakaashan.
coffman ney 30 seey adhik varshon seey shasson, bhrashtachar aur vikas key kshetron mein yogdan diyaa haye, jisamen nimnalikhit prakaashan shamil hainh

